THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

1834—1877.

SES :

To the Public. To Members.

First Series, 5 volumes (1834-1849)..--..+- Price £6 0 0 £410 O

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The Transactions for the year 1868........ 100 015 0

ss x ISEO mae ces 1 42120 016 6

a - IG sockases 1 3 O to

ie 4 IBML on co vac . 1 5 0 018 9

9 % 1872 ..eeecce l 2 © 016 6

% % WEB So00c00c 116 0 17 0

» ¥ UGieesoocooce 112 0 1 4 0

9 9 1875 il g% 016 6

o ki 1876 secon 112 0 1 20

oo WS onsncac ‘ a0 018 0

Volume 5 of the First Series can no longer be obtained separately ; all

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may be obtained separately 50 ve 016 0 012 0

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Members and Subscribers resident more than fifteen miles from London,

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to the Librarian: or all such Members or Subscribers who, in addition to.

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of the Society, pay a farther contribution of Half-a-Guinea, shall be

entitled to receive a copy of the Transactions for the year without farther

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( vii )

CONTENTS.

Explanation of the Plates

Errata C a oc

List of Members _ a a6

Additions to the Library A

MEMOIRS.

JOY.

. Descriptions of twenty new species of Coleoptera from

various localities. By CHAS. O. WATERHOUSE

. Notes on the African Satwrniide in the Collection of the

Royal Dublin Society. By W. F. Kirby, Assistant

Naturalist, R.D.S.

. Descriptions ‘of new genera ‘and species of ‘Phytophagous

Beetles belonging to the family Cryptocephalida, to-

gether with diagnoses and remarks on previously de-

scribed genera. By JOSEPH S. BALY, F.L.S., &c. ..

Descriptions of new species of Phytophagous Beetles

belonging to the family Humolpide ; and a Mono-

graph oe ae genus Eee oe JOSEPH 8S. BALY,

E.LS.,

: aye of new species of the genera Pseudomyrma

and Tetraponera, belonging to the family Myrmicide.

By FREDERICK SMITH .

. A Monograph of the Australian 5, species ‘of the Coleop-

‘terous'‘family Zycide. By CHAS.-O. WATERHOUSE .

. Descriptions of new genera and species of East Indian

Tenthredinide. By PETER CAMERON

. The Geographical Distribution of Danais Archippus.

By W. L. Distant

PaO “he Lepidoptera of ‘the Amazons, collected by

JAMES W. H. TRAIL, Esq., during the years 1873 to

1875. By ARTHUR GARDINER ButLeR, F.L.S.,

F.Z.8., &c..

: Descriptions of new genera and of uncharacterized species

of Halticine. By JOSEPH S. BALY, F.L.S.

. Notes upon a Strepsipterous insect parasitic on an exotic

species of Homoptera. By J. O. WESTWOOD, M.A..,

F.L.S., Pres. Ent. Soc., &c.

. Notes on the genus Prosopistoma of Latreille. By J. 0.

WESTWOOD, M.A., F.L.S., Pres. Ent. Soc., &c.

. On the Adult Larvee of the Stylopide and their Puparia.

By Sir SmpNEY SmiTH SAUNDERS, C.M.G. With

Remarks and Figures, by Professor WESTWOOD, M.A.,

&c., Pres. Ent. Soe.

. On Ceratorrhina quadrimaculata (Fabr. 5, and descrip-

tions of two new allied species. By H. W. BATES,

E.L.S.

. On the Food of gaily-eoloured Caterpillars, By J. W.

SLATER

. Descriptions of new genera and species of " Crypto-

cephalide. By JOSEPH 8. BALY, F.LS, ..

PAGE

viii

Vili

XVI

Se)

Viil MEMOIRS (continued).

PAGE

XVII. Notes on the new or rare Sphingide in the Museum of

the Royal Dublin Society, and Remarks on Mr. Butler’s

recent revision of the Family. By W. F. Kirsy,

Assistant Naturalist, R.D.S. . 233

XVIII. Descriptions of new species of Cler ide. By the Rev. H.

S. GORHAM 245

XIX. On the variation of Rhopalocerous ‘forms in 1 South Africa.

By J. P. MANSEL WEALE, B.A., Oxon 30 -- 265

XX. Vivarium Notes on some common Coleoptera. By J. W.

SLATER .. 5c a6 35 55 Mi

XXI. Note on Mygale str idulans. By Prof. JAMES Woop-

MASON .. 55 e. 281

XXII. Descriptions of new genera and of unchar acterized species

of Halticine. By JosepH S. BALY, F.LS. -- 283

XXIII. On the Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide, in the

Collection of the British Museum. By ARTHUR G.

BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S8., &c. .. 825

XXIV. Descriptions of new species of the Coleopterous genus

Callirrhipis (Rhipidoceridz) in the British Museum.

By CHAs. O. WATERHOUSE .. 379

XXV. Descriptions of a new genus and two - new species of

Sphingide, with general remarks on the family. Be

ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &ce. .. SeeOOD)

XXVI. Descriptions of new species of Cleride, with notes on

the genera and corrections of TORENT Bye the Rev.

H.S.GorHam .. 401

XXVIII. On Wotiothauma Reedi, a . remarkable - new genus and

species of Mewroptera from Chili, pertaining to the

family Panorpide. By R. M‘LACHUAN, F.R.S., &e. 427

XXVIII. Entomological Notes. By J. O. West woop, M.A.,

F.L.S., Pres. Ent. Soc. .. 30 -- Aol

Proceedings for 1877 50 se 3c *- 5 i

Index .. 3c =. 20 ee 30 ae -- Lxxyli

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

IMB IL 54 --See page73—79 | Plate VI. .

Plate II. <. ie

Plate II... :

-- See page 197

» ¢9—86 | Plate VII... 50 3 281

: 5 156 | Plate VIII. : a

° LS 194) Plate xe; 3

Plate IV. .. 395

i 194 | PlateX. .. 430,433, 437, 439

PlateaVeeer.

ERRATA.

Page 28], after line 2, insert “Plate VII.”

», 488, line 13, for “ Zoida,” read “ Zaida.”

In the Journal of Proceedings :—

Page xvii, lines 15 and 17, for “Himanopterus,” read “ Himantop-

terus.”

a » line 10 (from bottom), for “van Volxen,” read “yan

Volxem.”

SS » line 15 (from bottom), for “van Volxen at Lacken,”’ read

“van Volxem at Laeken.”

» XxXvil, line I'l (from bottom), for “Hoffmann,” read “ Hilgendorff.”

5 XXXU, line 13, for “sexes,” read “ sexes.”

si » lne7 (from bottom), for “‘ acoustal,”’ read “ acoustical.”

S » line 13 (from bottom), for “ exhibiteu,” read “ exhibited.”

Hist of Members

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

3lst DECEMBER, 1877.

LIST OF MEMBERS

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

Honorary Atembers.

Burmeister, Hermann, Buenos Ayres.

Guenée, Achille, Chateaudun.

Hagen, H. A., Cambridge, U.S.A.

Leconte, John L., Philadelphia.

Milne-Edwards, H., Paris.

Saussure, H. de, Geneva.

Schiddte, J. C., Copenhagen.

Selys-Longchamps, E. de, Liége.

Siebold, C. T. E. von, Munich.

Zeller, P. C., Stettin.

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Date of

Marked * are Original Members.

Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.

Marked 8 are Annual Subscribers.

Election.

1877

1867

1856

1850

1865

1867

1861

1851

1876

1866

1872

1841

1860

1875

1876

1852

1867

1856

1877

1870

1869

1862

1874

1855

1868

1860

1877

1868

1871

1875

Adams, Herbert Jordan, Chase Park, Enfield, N.

Adams, Frederick Charlstrom, Chase Park, Enfield, N.

Archer, F., Little Crosby Road, Crosby, Liverpool.

Armitage, Edward, R.A., 3, Hall Rd., St. John’s Wood, N.W.

Babington, Charles Cardale, M.A., F.R.S., &c., Professor of

Botany, 5, Brookside, Cambridge.

Baly, Joseph S., M.R.C.S., F.L.S., Zhe Butts, Warwick.

Barton, Stephen, 32, St. Wichael’s Hill, Bristol.

Bates, Frederick, 15, Northampton Square, Leicester.

Bates, Henry Walter, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 40, Bartholomew Road,

Kentish Town, N.W.

Beaumont, Alfred, Steps Mills, Huddersfield.

Berens, Alexander Augustus, Spratton Grange, Northampton.

Bicknell, Perey, Beckenham, Kent.

Bird, G. W., The Dartons, Dartford, Kent.

Blomefield, Rey. Leonard, M.A., F.L.S., &c., 19, Belmont,

Bath.

Bond, Fred., F.Z.S., 5, Fairfield Avenue, Staines.

Bonvouloir, Vicomte Henri de, 15, Rue de V’ Université, Paris.

Borrer, William, junr., Comfold, Sussex.

Boscher, Edward, Bellevue House, Trwickenham.

Boyd, Thomas, Surrey Lodge, Hornend Road, Norwood, 8.E.

Boyd, William Christopher, F.L.8., Cheshunt, Herts.

Braikenridge, Rev. George Weare, M.A., F.L.S., Clevedon,

Bristol.

Briggs, Charles Adolphus, 55, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C.

Briggs, Thos. Hy., M.A., 6, Old Square, Lincoln’s Inn, W.C.

Brown, N. E., Brighton Road, Red Hill.

Browne, Rev. Thomas Henry, M.A., F.G.8., The Cedars,

High Wycombe, Bucks,

Bull, R, E., 85, Wilton Street, Dorset Square, N.W.

Burnell, Edward Henry, 32, Bedford Row, W.C.

Butler, Arthur Gardiner, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 10, Avington Grove,

Penge, S.E.

Candéze, Dr. E., Glain, Liége.

Capron, Edward, M.D., Shere, Guildford.

Carmichael, Thomas D. Gibson, Castle Craig, Dolphinton, N.B.

Carrington, Charles, Hlerslie, Lower Merton, S.W.

Champion, G. C., 274, Walworth Road, S.E.

Chapman, Thomas, 56, Buchanan Strect, Glasgon.

Date of

Election,

1871

1867

1865

1877

1874

1873

1865

1876

1853

1867

1868

1878

1865

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Charlton, Ernest §., Hesleyside, Bellingham, Hexham.

Clarke, Alexander Henry, 16, Furnival’s Inn, E.C.

Clarke, Charles Baron, M.A., F.L.S., 17, Chowringhee, Calcutta.

Cluse, Valentine, Whytecliffe Road, Caterham Junction.

Cockle, Captain George, 9, Bolton Gardens, S.W.

Cole, Benjamin G., Ivy Cottage, Hermon Hill, Wanstead, E.

Cole, William, Zvy Cottage, Hermon Hill, Wanstead, KE.

Colquhoun, Hugh, M.D., Anchorage, Bothwell, N.B.

Cooke, Benj., Sunnyside Cottage, Bowdon, Altrincham.

Copperthwaite, William Charles, Zhe Lodge, Malton.

Cox, Colonel C. J., Yordwich House, Canterbury.

Cox, Herbert Edward, Rosenheim, Reigate.

Cumming, Linnzus, B.A., 22, Warwich Square, Rugby.

Curzon, E. P. Roper. ©

Dale, C. W., Glanville’s Wootton, Sherborne.

Dallas, William Sweetland, F.L.S., Geological Society, Buwz-

lington House, W.

Darwin, Charles, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., Down, Beckenham,

Kent.

Dawson, John, Carron, Falkirk, Stirlingshire.

Devonshire, William Cavendish, Duke of, K.G., F.R.S., &c.,

Devonshire House, 78, Piccadilly, W.

Dickson, Professor William, Curator of the University Library,

Glasgow.

Distant, William Lucas, 1, Selston Villas, Derwent Grove,

East Dulwich, $.K.

Dohrn, Dr. C. A., Pres. Entomological Society of Stettin,

Stettin.

Doria, Marquis Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa.

Dormer, John Baptist Joseph Dormer, Lord, Grove Park,

Warwick.

Douglas, John William, 8, Beaufort Gardens, Lewisham, S.E.

Dowsett, Arthur, 16, Worth Street, Brighton.

Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.8., 1, Circus Road, St. John’s

Wood, N.W.

Duer, Yeend, Cleygate House, Esher.

Dunning, Joseph William, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 24, Old

Buildings, Lincoln’s Inn, W.C.

Du Pré, Charles Christian, F.L.S., Yonge House, 354, Russell

Road, Kensington, W.

D’Urban, W.S. M., F.L.S., Aldbuera, St. Leonards, Bxeter.

Eaton, Rev. Alfred Edwin, M.A., Chislehurst, Kent.

Emich, Gustave a’, Pesth, Hungary.

Enock, Frederic, 30, Russell Road, Seven Sisters’ Road,

Holloway, N.

Fenn, Charles, Ashley House, Eltham Road, Lee, S.E.

Fitch, Edward A., Brick House, Maldon, Essex.

Fitch, Frederick, Hadleigh House, Highbury New Park, N.

Fletcher, J. E., Happy Land, Worcester.

Forbes, W. A., St. John’s College, Cambridge.

Date of

Election.

1870

1869

1855

1876

1865

1874

1865

1875 S.

1855

1874

1850

1865

1872

1876

1846

1850

1877

1874

1858

1864

1846

1866

1876

1869

1876

1865

1870

1869 S.

1843

1869

18538

1872 S.

1865 §.

1876

1872

1876

1861

1842

LIST OF MEMBERS. xl

Freeland, H. W., M.A., Chichester.

French, Rev. David John, F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.H.S., &c.

Fry, Alexander, F.L.S., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood,

Park, Norwood, 5.4.

Fryer, Herbert Fortescue, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire.

Fust, H. Jenner, jun., M.A., Hill Court, Falfield, Gloucester.

Garneys, W., M.R.C.S., Repton, Burton-on-Trent.

Godman, Frederick Du Cane, M.A., F.1.8., &c., Park Hatch,

Godalming.

Gooch, W. D., Spring Vale, Little Umhlanga, Victoria

County, Natal.

Gorham, Rey. Henry Stephen, Shipley, Sussex.

Goss, Herbert, The Avenue, Surbiton Hill, Surrey.

Gould, John, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., 26, Charlotte Street, Bedford

Square, W.C.

Gray, John, Wheatfield House, Bolton, Lancashire.

Greene, Rey. J., M.A., Rostrevor, Apsley Rd., Clifton, Bristol.

Greening, Noah, Warrington.

Grube, Professor Edward, Director of the Zoological Museum

of the University of Breslau, Breslau.

Grut, Ferdinand, F.L.S., SECRETARY, 9, King Street, South-

nwark, §.E.

Guycn, George, Southeliff Cottage, Ventnor, Isle of Wight.

Harding, George, Stapleton, near Bristol.

Harford, Henry C., Lieut. 99th Regiment, Carrick-on-Suir.

Harold, Baron Edgar von, 52, Barerstrasse, Munich.

Harper, P. H., 30, Cambridge Street, Hyde Park Square, W.

Hewitson, William Chapman, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Oatlands,

Weybridge.

Higgins, E. T., M.R.C.S., 24, Bloomsbury Street, W.C.

Hillman, Thomas Stanton, Delves House, Ringmer, Lewes.

Holdsworth, Edward, Shanghai.

Horniman, Frederick John, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., F.Z.S., &c.,

Surrey House, Forest Hill, S.E.

Hudd, A. E., 96, Pembroke Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Jacques, F. V., 7, Apsley Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Janson, E. M., Las Lajas, Chontales, Nicaragua.

Janson, Edward W., 32, Victoria Road, Finsbury Park, N.

Janson, Oliver E., 32, Victoria Road, Finsbury Park, N.

Jekel, Henri, 2, Rue Letort, Paris.

Jenner, J. H. A., High Street, Lewes.

John, Evan, Llantrissant, Pontypridd.

Katter, Dr. F., Putbus, Riigen, North Prussia.

Kay, John Dunning, Leeds.

Kaye, Ernest St. G., Jessore, Bengal.

Kraatz, Dr. G., President of the Berlin Entomological

Society, Link Strasse, Berlin.

Kirby, W. F., Royal Dublin Society, Kildare Street, Dublin.

Kuper, Rey. Charles Augustus Frederick, M.A., The Vicarage,

Trelleck, Chepston.

X1V

Date of

Election,

1875

1868

1865

1868

1876

1835

1872

1875

1865

1849

1850

1851

1858

1869

1873

1865

1856

1874

1865

1860

1865

1872

1871

1866

1853

1872

1859

1869

1876

1872

1870

1869

1877

1873

1841

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Lamarche, Oscar, 70, ewe Louvrex, Liége.

Lang, Major A. M., R.E., Thomason Civil Engineering College,

Roorkee, India.

Latham, A. G., Weaste Hall, Pendleton, Manchester.

Lendy, Capt. Augustus F., F.L.S., Sunbury House, Sunbury,

S.W.

Lewis, George, Queen’s Road, Putney, S.W.

Lichtenstein, Jules, Za Lironde, near Montpellier.

Lingwood, Robert Maulkin, M.A., F.LS., 6, Park Villas,

Cheltenham.

Livett, H. W., M.D., Wells, Somerset.

Livingstone, Clermont, Zudor Lodge, Snaresbrook, Ki.

Llewelyn, J. Talbot Dillwyn, M.A., F.LS., Ynisgerwn, Neath.

Logan, R. F., Spylaw House, Colinton, near Hdinburgh.

Lowe, W. H., M.D., Woodcote Lodge, Inner Park Road,

Wimbledon Park, S.W.

Lubbock, Sir John, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., High Elms,

Farnborough, Kent.

M‘Intosh, J.

ee Robert, F.R.S., F.L.S., 39, Limes Grove, Lewisham,

Marseul, L’ Abbé 8. A. de, Boulevard Pereire, 271, Paris.

Marsh, John George, 842, Old Kent Road, S.E.

Marshall, Rev. Thomas Ansell, M.A., F.L.S., LIBRARIAN, The

Manor House, Belsize Park Gardens, Hampstead, N.W.

Marshall, William, Him Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield.

Mason, Philip Brooke, M.R.C.S., F.L.S., Burton-on-Trent.

Mathew, Gervase F., R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.S., H.M.S. Britannia,

Dartmouth.

May, Joseph William, Arundel House, Percy Cross, Fulham

Road, 8.W.

Meek, Edward G., 56, Brompton Road, S.W.

Meldola, Raphael, F.R.A.S., F.C.S., SECRETARY, 21, John

Street, Bedford Row, W.C.

Miskin, W. H., Supreme Court, Brisbane, Queensland.

Mniszech, Comte G. de, 22, Rue Balzac, Paris.

Moore, Frederic, 110, Oakfield Road, Penge, S.E.

Moreton, Lord, 16, Portman Square, W.

Mosse, G. Staley, 16, Stanford Road, Kensington, W.

Miiller, Albert, F.R.G.S., 72, Grenzacher Strasse, Basle,

Switzerland.

Miller, Dr. Clemens.

Murray, Lieut. H., 70th Brigade Depot, Tralee, Ireland.

Murray, Rey. Richard Paget, M.A., Baltonsboro Parsonage,

Glastonbury.

Oberthur, Charles (fils), Rennes.

Oberthur, René, Rennes.

Olivier, Ernest, Moulins (Allier), France.

Owen, Richard. C.B., M.D., F.R.S., F.LS., &c., British

Museum, W.C.

Date of

Election.

1840 +

LIST OF MEMBERS. KV

Parry, Major Frederick John Sidney, F.L.S., 18, Onslow

Square, 5.W.

Pascoe, Francis P., F.L.S., 1, Burlington Road, Westbourne

Park, W.

Phipson, Arthur, 1 Field Court, Gray’s Inn, W.C.

Pictet, Edward, Avenue du Pin, Geneve.

Porritt, George T., F.L.S., Huddersfield.

Power, Henry d’Arcy, F.L.S., 8, Manor Terrace, New Church

Road, Camberwell, S.K.

Preston, Rev. Thomas Arthur, M.A., F.L.S., Zhe College,

Marlborough.

Preudhomme de Borre, Alfred, Secretary of the Entomological

Society of Belgium, 21, Boulevard du Regent, Brussels.

Pryer, H. J. S., Yokohama, Japan.

Puls, J. C., Place de la Calandre, Ghent.

Ransom, William Henry, M.D., F.R.S., Zhe Pavement, Not-

tingham.

Reed, Edwyn C., F.L.S., Museo Nacional, Santiago de Chile.

Riley, C. V., State Entomologist, St. Lowis, Missouri.

Ripon, George Frederick Samuel Robinson, Marquis of, K.G.,

E.RS., F.LS., 1, Carlton Gardens, 5.W.

Robinson-Douglas, William Douglas, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., Or-

chardton, Castle-Douglas, N.B.

Roebuck, William Denison, 9, Sunnybank Terrace, Leeds.

Rothera, G. B., High Street Place, Nottingham.

Rothney, G. A. J., Calcutta.

Rutherford, David Greig, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., F.Z.8., &e., Surrey

House, Forest Hill, 8.E.

Rye, Edward Caldwell, F.Z.S., Parkfield, Putney, S.W.

Rylands, Thomas Glazebrook, F.L.S., F.G.S., Highfields,

Thelwall, Warrington.

Sallé, Auguste, 13, Rue Guy de la Brosse, Paris.

Salvin, Osbert, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., 6, Tenterden Street,

Hanover Square, W., and Brookland Avenue, Cambridge.

Saunders, Edward, F.L.S., Holmesdale, Upper Tooting, S.W.

Saunders, G. 8., Spencer Park, Wandsworth, S.W.

Saunders, Sir Sidney Smith, C.M.G., Gatestone, EN al Hill,

Upper Norwood, S.E.

Saunders, William Wilson, F.R.S., F.L.8., &c., Raystead,

Worthing.

Schaufuss, L. W., Ph. D., M. Imp., L. C. Acad., &c., Dresden.

Sealy, Alfred Forbes, Cochin, South India.

Semper, George, Altona.

Sharp, David, M.B., Hecles, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.

Shepherd, Edwin, 21, Albert Terrace, Clapham Road, S.W.

Sheppard, Edward, F.L.S., 18, Durham Villas, Kensington, W.

Sidebotham, Joseph, Zhe Beeches, Bowdon, Cheshire.

Slater, Joseph William, 2, .Zammorth Terrace, Hornsey

Road, N.

Smith, Frederick, 27, Richmond Crescent, Islington, N.

Xv1

Date of

Election.

1869

1848

1862

1837

1876

1866

1876

1854

1856

1838

1853

1859

1874

1869

1849

1866

1876

1870

1858

1863

1866

1874

1866

1875

1850

1869

1845

1876

1868

1865

1874

18438

1874

1862

1865

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Smith, Henley Grose, Warnford Court, Throgmorton Street,

E.C.

Spence, W. B.

Stainton, Henry Tibbats, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., Mountsfield,

Lewisham, §.B.

Stevens, John S., 88, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Stevens, Samuel, F.L.S., Loanda, Beulah Hill, Upper Nor-

wood, 8.E.

Swale, Harold, 48, S¢. George’s Road, S. Belgravia, 8.W.

Swanzy, Andrew, F.L.S., Sevenoaks.

Swinton, A. H., Binfield House, Waterden Road, Guildford.

Thompson, Miss Sophia, Barn Hill, Stamford.

Thomson, James, 12, Rue de Presbourg, Place de lV Etoile,

Paris.

Thwaites, George Henry Kendrick, Ph. D., F.R.S., F.L.S.,

Director of the Royal Botanic Garden, Peradenia, Ceylon.

Tompkins, H., 28, Zavistock Square, W.C.

Trimen, Roland, F.L.8., Colonial Office, Cape Town, Cape of

Good Hope.

Tuely, Nathaniel Clissold, F.L.S., Mortimer Lodge, Wimbledon

Park, S.W.

Vaughan, Howard, 55, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C.

Vaughan, P. H., Redland, Bristol.

Verrall, G. H., Yriar’s Cottage, Lewes, Sussex.

Wakefield, Charles Marcus, F.L.S., The Hims, Uxbridge.

Walker, Rev. Francis Augustus, M.A., F.L.8., Dry Drayton

Rectory, Cambridge.

Wallace, Alexander, M.D., Trinity House, Colchester.

Wallace, Alfred Russel, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c., Rosehill, Dorking.

Walsingham, Thomas de Grey, Lord, M.A., F.Z.S., &c., 28,

Arlington Street, W.

Ward, Allan Ogier, 34, King William Street, B.C.

Ward, Christopher, F.L.S., Savile Road, Halifax.

Ward, Frederick Henry, Springfield, Tooting, S.W.

Waring, 8. L., The Oaks, Norwood, S.E.

Waterhouse, Charles O., British Museum, W.C.

Waterhouse, George R., F.Z.8S., &c., British Musewm, W.C.

Websdale, C. G., 78, High Street, Barnstaple.

Weir, John Jenner, F.L.8., TREASURER, 6, Haddo Villas,

Blackheath, 8.E.

Western, Edward Young, 8, Craven Hill, Bayswater, W.

Westwood, John Obadiah, M.A., F.L.S., &c., PRESIDENT,

Hope Professor of Zoology, Walton Manor, Oxford.

White, F. Buchanan, M.D., F.L.S., Perth, N.B.

ES Rey. William Farren, Stonehouse Vicarage, Gloucester-

shire.

Wilson, Owen, Cumffrad, Carmarthen.

Wollaston, T. Vernon, M.A., F.L.S.,1, Barnepark Terrace,

Teignmouth, Devon.

Wood-Mason, James, Curator of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Wormald, Percy C., 2, Clifton Villas, Highgate Hill, N.

Young, Morris, Mee Museum, Paisley.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY

DURING THE YEAR

Teoh if

Abeille (L’.), redige par M. S. A. de Marseul, Nos. 183, 186, 188 a 196.

American Naturalist (The). Vol. I. Salem (Mass.) 1867—8.

Ditto. ditto. Vol. X., Nos. 11 & 12. Vol. XI., Nos. 1, 2; & 5 to 11.

8yo. Boston, 1876—7.

AnpERSON (Dr. J.), Note on the Floral Simulation of Gongylus gongylodes, Linn.

8vo. 1877.

Bere (Carl), Beitrage zu den Pyralidinen Sitidamerika’s.

Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna Liv,—Kur-und Estlands. 8vo. Riga, 1874.

Ueber im Wasser lebende Bombyx-Raupen. 8vo. Riga, 1875.

Untersuchungen tiber die Gattung Mimallo Hibner’s und ihre Arten.

Patagonische Lepidopteren beobachtet auf eine Reise im Jahre, 1874. 8yo.

Moscow, 1876.

Memoria sobre Orugas Acuaticas de la Familia de los Bombycide. 8vo.

Buenos Aires, 1876.

Estudios Lepidopterologicos acerca de la Fauna Argentina, Oriental y Bra-

silera. 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1877.

Bovcarp (Adolphe), Monographie List of the Coleoptera of the Genus Plusiotis

{Rutelide] of America, North of Panama, with descriptions of several

new species. 8vo. London, 1875.

Briost (Giovanni), Sulla Phytoptosi della Vite (Phytoptus vitis, Landois). 8vo.

Palermo, 1877.

Intorno alla Malattia denominata Marciume dell’uva. 8vo. Palermo, 1877.

BurMEISTER (Dr. of ), Description Physique de Ja République Argentine. Tomes

1&2. 8vo. Paris, 1876.

Canadian Entomologist (The). Vol. VIII., No. 11. Vol. IX., Nos. 1 to 6, & 8 to 10,

8vo. London (Ontario), 1876—77.

CARPENTER (Lieut. W. L.), Report on the Collections made by him in 1873, while

connected with the United States Geological Survey. 8vo. Washing-

ton, 1875.

On the Alpine Insect-Fauna of Colorado. By Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, U.S.A.

List of Species of Butterflies collected by W. L. Carpenter for the U. States

Geological Survey of Colorado, 1873. By W. H. Edwards.

On the Geographical Distribution of the Moths of Colorado, By A. S.

Packard, Jun., M.D.

Report on the Diptera collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter in Colorado

during the summer of 1873. By C. R. Osten-Sacken.

Notice on the Galls collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter. By C. R. Osten-

Sacken.

XVI11

CARPENTER (Lieut. W.L.), List of Species of Coleoptera collected by Lieut. W. L.

Carpenter for the United States Geological Survey of Colorado, 1873.

By Henry Ulke.

Report on the Pseudo-Neuroptera and Neuroptera collected by Lieut. W. L.

Carpenter, in 1873, in Colorado. By H. A. Hagen.

Report of the Myriopods collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, in 1873, in

Colorado. By A. S. Packard, Jun., M.D.

Report on the Amphipod Crustaceans. By S. I. Smith.

Description of a Lernzan Crustacean (Achtheres Carpenteri) obtained by

Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, in 1873, in Colorado. By A. S. Packard,

Jun., M.D.

Synopsis of the Fresh-Water Phyllopod Crustacea of North America, By

A. S. Packard, Jun., M.D.

Catalogue of Scientific Papers. Vol. VI1. (1864 to 1873). 4to. London, 1877.

[Published by the Royal Society. ]

Cuampers (V.T.), Papers on the Tineina and Entomostraca of Colorado. 8vo.

Washington, 1877.

Art. vi. The Tineina of Colorado.

» vii. Notes on a Collection of Tineid Moths made in Colorado, in 1875,

by A. S. Packard, Jun., M.D.

», Vili, On the Distribution of Tineina in Colorado.

» ix. New Entomostraca from Colorado.

Cuevrotat (Auguste), Mémoire de la Famille des Clerites. 8vo. Paris, 1876.

Doveras (J. W.) and Scotr (John), The British Hemiptera. Vol. I. Hemiptera-

Heteroptera. 8vo. London, 1865.

Epwarps (William H.), Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico.

Part I. Diurnals. S8yo. Philadelphia, 1877.

List of Species of Butterflies collected by Campbell Carrington and William

B. Logan of the Expedition in 1871. [Report of the U.S. Geological

Survey of Montana. 8vo. Washington, 1872.]

List of Butterflies collected in Colorado. See ‘‘ CarPENTER (W. L.)”

Entomologist (The), an Illustrated Journal of British Entomology. Edited by John

T. Carrington and others. Vol. X. 8vo. London, 1877.

Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine (The). Vol. XIV., Nos. 152 to 163. 8vo. Lon-

don, 1877. ;

Enumeratio Insectorum Norvegicorum. 8yo. Christiania, 1875—6.

Fasciculus ii. Catalogum Coleopterorum continens, Auctore H. Siebke.

5 iii. Catalogum Lepidopterorum continentem, Auctore H. Siebke

defuncto: edidit J. Sparre Schneider.

Fror (Dr. Gustav), Die Rhyncoten Livlands. 1 & 2 Theil. 8vo. Dorpat, 1860—61.

GrMMINGER (Dr.) and Dz Harotp (B.), Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descrip-

torum Synonymicus et Systematicus. Tom. xii. 8vo. Monachii, 1876.

Gover (Townend), Manuscript Notes from my Journal; or Illustrations of Insects,

Native and Foreign. Order Hemiptera, Sub-Order Heteroptera or

Plant-Bugs. Small folio. Washington, 1876.

Goopman (Neville), On a striking instance of Mimicry, with some Notes on the

Phenomenon of Protective Resemblance. 8vo. Cambridge, 1877.

Graxsrr (Dr. Vitus), Der Organismus der Insekten. 12mo. Miinchen, 1877. [*‘ Na-

turkratte,” xx1. Band.]

Xix

Grote (A. R.), Check-List of the Noctuids of America North of Mexico. IT. Noe-

tuelitz, Deltoides, and Noctuo-Phalenide. 8vo. Buffalo (N. Y.), 1876.

Notes on a Collection of Noctuid Moths made in Colorado, in 1875, by

Dr. A.S. Packard. 8vo. Washington, 1857.

HaceEn (Dr. H.), Symphrasis eine neue Mantispiden-Gattung. Svo. Stettin, 1877.

Report upon the Collections of Neuroptera and Pseudo-Neuroptera made

in portions of Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, during the years

1872, 1873 and 1874.

Report on the Pseudo-Neuroptera and Neuroptera collected by Lieut. W. L.

Carpenter, in 1873, in Colorado. See ‘‘ Carpenter (W. L.)”

Hewirson (W.C.), Exotic Butterflies, Part 100. 4to. London, 1877.

Illustrations of Diurnal Lepidoptera. Part VII. Lycsnid. 4to. Lond. 1877.

Horn (Dr. George H.), A List of Coleoptera collected by G. Thomas in Eastern

Colorado and North-Eastern New Mexico during the Survey of 1868.

[Report of the U.S. Geological Survey of Wyoming. 8yvo. Washing-

ton, 1872. ]

Coleoptera. [Report of the U.S. Geological Survey of Montana. 8yo.

Washington, 1872. |

The Rhyncophora of America. See “ Le Conte and Horn.”

Report on Insects introduced by means of International Exhibition. See

“Te Contre, Horn and Lerpy.”

Jory (Dr. N.), Etudes sur l’Embryogénie des Ephéméres notamment chez la

Palingenia virgo. 8vo. Toulouse, 1876 (?)

Jory (Dr. N.) et Jozy (E.), Contributions a l’Histoire Naturelle et a l’Anatomie des

Ephemerines. 8yo. Montpellier, 1876.

Karrer (Dr. F.), Entomologische Nachrichten. 2 Jahrg. & 3 Jahrg. Hft 1. Putbus,

1876 & 1877

Le Contre (Dr. John L.), Tabular Synopsis of the Rhyneophoraof America. 8vo. 1877.

On the Affinities of Hypocephalus. 8yo. Philadelphia, 1876.

Report upon New Species of Coleoptera collected by the Expedition for

Geological Surveys west of the 100th meridian. 8vo. Washington, 1876.

Lr Conte (Dr. John L.) and Horn (Dr. G. H.), The Rhyncophora of America. 8yo.

Philadelphia, 1876.

Lr Conte (Dr. John L.), Horn (Dr. G. H.), and Lerpy (Joseph), Report on Insects |

introduced by means of the International Exhibition. 8vo. Phila-

delphia, 1876.

LicHTENSTEIN (Jules), of Montpellier, Notes pour servir a l’histoire des Insectes du

genre Phylloxera. 8vo. Bruxelles, 1877.

Luszock, Bart. (Sir John), Observations on the Habits of Ants, Bees and, Wasps.

Part IV. 8vo. London, 1877.

McLacutan (Robert), A Monographie Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera ot

the European Fauna. Part VI. 8vo. London and Berlin, 1877.

Marenen (Prosper Auguste), Observations on the Phylloxera vastatrix, with Tlus-

trations of the Transformations, taken from the ‘“ Tableau Biologique

du Phylloxera,” offert au Congrés de Bordeaux. London, 1876.

Mence (A.), Ueber ein Rhipidopteren und einige andere in Bernstein eingeschlos-

sene tiere. Danzig, 1866.

Murray (Andrew), Economic Entomology (Aptera) ; being the first volume of a

Series entitled “South Kensington Museum Science Hand-Books.”

8vo. London, 1877.

Naturalist (The). See ‘‘ Societies (HUDDERSFIELD ).”

Nature. Nos. 371 to 422 (7 Dec. 1876, to 29 Nov. 1877).

Newman (Edward), Memoir of the Life and Works of E. Newman. By his Son.

8vo. London, 1876.

OBERTHUR (Charles), Etudes d’Entomologie d’Insectes Nouveaux ou peu connus.

Livr. 1 & 2. 4to. Rennes, 1876.

I. Etudes sur la Faune des Lépidoptéres de l’Algérie.

II. Espéces nouvelles des Lépidoptéres recueillis en Chine, par M. l’Abbe

A. David.

Oxtvinr (Ernest), Le Doryphora (Leptinotarsa) decemlineata. 8vo. Moulins (Allier).

Oxtvrera (Manuel Paulo d’), Mélanges Entomologiques sur les Insectes de Portugal.

8vo. Coimbre, 1876.

OrmEROD (KE. A.), Notes for Observations on Injurious Insects.

OSTEN-SackEN (C.R.), Western Diptera. Descriptions of New Genera and Species

of Diptera from the Region West of the Misissippi, and especially from

California. 8vo. Washington, 1877.

Notes on some Diptera from the Island Guadaloupe (Pacific Ocean) col-

lected by Mr. E. Palmer. 8yo. Boston, 1876.

A List of the North American Syrphide. 8vo. Buffalo (N. Y.), 1876.

Prodrome of a Monograph of the Tabanide of the United States. Parts

1&2. 4to. Boston, 1876.

Report on the Collection of Diptera made in portions of Colorado and

Arizona during the year 1878.

Report on the Diptera collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter in Colorado.

See “CARPENTER (W. L.)”

Notice on the Galls collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter in Colorado. See

‘* CARPENTER (W. L.)”

Pacxarp, Jun. (Dr. A. S.), Mayer’s Ontogeny and Philogeny of Insects.

A Century’s Progress in American Zoology. {Reprinted from the ‘ American

Naturalist,’ October, 1876.]

On a new Cave Fauna in Utah, and on new Phyllopod Crustacea from the

West. 8vo. Washington, 1877.

Geographical Distribution of the Moths of Colorado. See‘ CanPENTER (W. L.)”

Report of the Myriopods in Colorado.

Description of a Lernean Crustacean.

Synopsis of the Fresh-water Phyllopod Crustacea.

PaumEn (Dr. J. A.), Zur Morphologie des Tracheensystems. 8vo. Helsingfors. 1877.

Pascok (Francis P.), On Zoological Classification. London, 1877.

Puateau (Felix), Les Voyages des Naturalistes Belges.. Svo. Bruxelles, 1876.

L'Instinet des Insectes peut-il étre mis en defaut par des fleurs artificielles ?

Reuter (Edm.), Neue Clavicornen.

Ritey (Charles V.), The Ninth Annual Report of the Noxious, Beneficial and other

Insects of the State of Missouri. 8vo. Jefferson City, 1877.

The Locust Plague in the United States, being more particularly a Treatise

on the Rocky Mountain Locust. S8yo. Chicago, 1877.

SaussuRE (Henri de), Mission Scientifique au Mexique, pp. 183 a 292. Planches

5 & 6. Paris.

Meélanges Orthoptérologiques, 5éme fasc. 4to. Genéve, Bale & Lyon, 1877.

SCHMANKEWITSCH (Wladimir), Zur Kenntniss des Einflusses der ausseren Lebens-

bedingungen auf die Organisation der Thiere.

Xxl

Scottish Naturalist. Edited by Dr. F. Buchanan White. Nos. IX. to XXVIII.

ScuppER (Samuel H.), Insects of the Tertiary Beds at Quesnel (British Columbia).

Brief Synopsis of North American Earwigs, with an Appendix on the Fossil

Species.

List of the Orthoptera collected by Dr. A. S. Packard in Colorado and the

neighbouring Territories during the Summer of 1875.

Notice of a small Collection of Butterflies made by Dr. A. S. Packard in

Colorado and Utah in 1875.

The Relationship of the Early Spring Blues. 8vo. London (Ontario), 1876.

Synonymic List of the Butterflies of North America north of Mexico.

Part II. Rurales.

A Cosmopolitan Butterfly (a Reprint). 8yo. Cambridge, 1876.

The Mode in which Cockroaches and Harwigs fold their Wings.

Synoptical Table for determining North American Insects.

Entomological Notes. No.5. 8vo. Boston, 1876.

Remarks on some Remains of Insects occurring in Carboniferous Shale

at Cape Breton.

Notice of a small Collection of Butterflies, by Mr. Roland Thaxter, on Cape

Breton Island.

A Century of Orthoptera. Decade V. Forficularie (Exotic).

rs Tae Ne 3; (N. American).

Description of Three Species of Labia from the Southern United States.

Orthoptera from the Island of Guadalupe.

Critical and Historical Notes on Forficulari# ; including Descriptions of

New Generic Forms, and an Alphabetical Synonymic List of the

Described Species.

A Brief Comparison of the Butterfly Fauna of Europe and Eastern North

America, with Hints concerning the derivation of the latter. 8vo.

Cambridge (Mass.), 1877.

Antigeny, or Sexual Dimorphism in Butterflies.

On the first discovered traces of Fossil Insects in the American Tertiaries,

and on two new Carabide# from the Interglacial Deposits of Scarboro’

Heights, near Toronto, Canada.

On the Classification of Butterflies, with special reference to the Position

of the Equites or Swallow-tails. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1877.

Sex1ys-Lonecuampes (E. de), Synopsis des Agrionines. 12mo. Bruxelles, 1876-77.

Srepke (H.) See “ Enumeratio,” &c.

SrzBoLpD (C. von), Ueber Helicopsyche als eine der Schweiz. Insecten fauna ange-

hérende Phryganide erkannt. Schaffhausen, 1876.

Ueber die in Miinchen geziichtete Artemia fertilis aus dem grossen Salzsee

yon Utah. 8vo. Basel, 1877.

Smit (Frederick), Catalogue of British Hymenoptera. 2nd edition. Part I. An-

drenids and Apidse. 8vo. London, 1876.

Suir (S. J.), Report on the Amphipod Crustaceans. See ‘“ CARPENTER (W. L.)”

Societies (Transactions of Learned).

(Boston, U.S.), Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History.

Vol. XVIII. Parts 3 & 4.

Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. II. PartIV. No.5.

(Briinn), Verhandlungen der naturforschenden Vereines in Brinn. Band

XIV. 1875.

(Brussets), Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. Tom. XIX.,

Fase. 2 & 3, 1876; and XX., Fasc. 1, 1877.

(BurFato, N.Y.), Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences.

Vol, I1I, No. 4.

Societies (Transactions of Learned).

(CampripGE, Mass., U.S.), Psyche, Organ of the Cambridge Entomological

Club. YVol- II. Nos. 33 to 38.

(Davenrort, Iowa, U.S.), Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural

Sciences. Vol. I. 1867-76.

(FLorencE), Bulletino della Societa Hntomologica Italiana. Anno 8yo,

Trimestre 4, 1876; Anno 90. Trim. 1—3, 1877.

(GpNnEvA), Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de

Genéyve. Tome XXIV., 2de Partie, 1875—6 ; Tome XXV., lere Partie,

1877.

(Genoa), Annali del Museo Civico di Storia. Naturale di Genova. Vols.

IV—VIII. 1873—76.

(Haeux), Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 20 Deel. Afi. 1—4. s’Grayenhage,

1876—77.

(Hetsinerors), Notiser ur Sallskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica For-

handlingar. 13 & 14 Haftet. ‘

(HuDDERSFIELD), The Naturalist, Journal of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union.

Nos. XVIII. to XXIX. 1877.

(Lerps), The Seventh Annual Report ef the Leeds Naturalists’ Club. 1876—77.

(London), Proceedings of the Royal Society. Nos. 175 to 183.

Transactions of the Linnean Society (Second Series). Zoology. Vol. I.

Parts 4 to 6.

Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology). Vol. XIII. Nos. 66 to 73.

Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society, 1876.

Part IV.; 1877, Parts I. & II.

Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club. No. 84.

Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. (Second Series).

Vol. XIII. 2

(Moscow), Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. 1876,

Nos. 2 to 4. 1877, Nos. 1 & 2.

(Paris), Annales de la Sociéte Entomologique de France. 4éme Serie. Tome

10e. (Partie Supplementaire, Famille des Hucnémides. 4éme Cahier).

Annales dela Société Entomologique de France. 5éme Serie. Tomes 4&5,

(PHILADELPHIA), Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Vol. V.,

Nos. 3 & 4; Vol. VI., Nos. 1 & 2.

Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution

for 1876.

(Rio JanErro), Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio Janeiro. Vol. I. Tri-

mestres 1—3.

(Rome), Atti della R. Accademia dei Lincei. Serie terza. Transunti. Vol. L.,

Fasc. 1—7. 1876—77.

(St, Prterspure), Hore Societatis Entomologicee Rossice. T. XII. Nos. 1—4.

(SCHAFFHAUSEN), Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesell-

schaft. Vol. IV., Heft Nro. 10, 1877; Vol. V., Heft Nyro. 3, 4.

(Sterrin), Entomologische Zeitung.

o7 Jahrg. Nro. 10—12.

38 Jahrg. Nyro. 1—12.

(SypNry), Proceedings of the Linnean Society of N.S. Wales. Vol. I., Part 4;

Vol. I1., Part 1.

(Toronto), Annual Report of the Entomological Society of the Province of

Ontario. 1876.

(TounovsE), Bulletin de la Société d’histoire naturelle de Toulouse. 10e année

1875-76, et lle année Fasc. I., 1877.

(Vienna), Verhandlungen der k.k. Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in

Wien. XXYI. Band.

XX11

Societies (Transactions of Learned).

(Warwick), Proceedings of the Warwickshire Field Club.

(WasHineTon), Bulletin of the United States Entomological Commission.

No. 1. Destruction of the Young or Unfledged Locust. No. 2. On the

Natural History of the Rocky Mountain Locust.

Reports of the United States Geological Surveys, 1870, 1871 and 1874.

(Watrorp & Hertrorp), Transactions of the Watford Natural History Society

and Hertfordshire Field Ciub. Vol. I. Parts 3 to 6.

Tuomas (Cyrus), A List and Descriptions of New Species of Orthoptera [with

remarks on the Caloptenus spretus, or Hateful Grasshopper.] [Report

of the United States Geological Survey of Wyoming. 8vo. Washington,

1872.]

Notes on the Saltatorial Orthoptera of the Rocky Mountain Regions.

[Report of the U.S. Geological Survey of Montana. 8yo. Washing-

ton, 1872.]

Tuomson (C. G.), Opuscula Entomologica. Fasciculi 5 et 6. 8vo. Lund, 1873—74.

Unter (P.R.), A List of Hemiptera collected in Eastern Colorado and North

Eastern New Mexico, during the Expedition of 1869. [Report of the

U.S. Geological Survey of Wyoming. 8yvo. Washington, 1872.]

Notices of the Hemiptera of the Western Territories of the United States,

chiefly from the Surveys of Dr. F. VY. Hayden. [Report of the U.S.

Geological Survey of Montana. 8vo. Washington, 1872.)

Uke (Henry), List of Coleoptera in Colorado, See ‘ CARPENTER (W. L.)”

VottENHOVEN (S. C. Snellen von), Sepp’s Nederlandsche Insecten. Nos. 87 to 46.

4to. s’Gravenhage, 1875—77.

Pinacographia, Illustrations of more than 1000 Species of North-West

European Ichneumonide sensu Linnwano. Afl.4&5. 4to. s’Gra-

venhage, 1876.

Waker (Rey. Francis A.), Voices from many Lands.

A History of the Parish of Dry Drayton, in the;Rural Deanery of Chesterton,

County of Cambridge and Diocese of Ely.

Wexnexke (—), Neue Dytisciden.

Woop-Mason (James), Description of a new Genus of Mantide (Fischeria laticeps).

On the Mode in which the Young of the New Zealand Astacide attach

themselves to the Mother. 1876.

Descriptions of new Species of Blattide belonging to the Genus Panesthia.

Descriptions of new Species of Mantids with Pointed Eyes.

On the Final Stage in the Development of the Organs of Flight in the

Homomorphic Insecta.

The Vates Ashmolianus of Westwood, the type of a new Genus of Mantide.

Descriptions of two new Genera and Species of Indian Mantide.

On a small Collection of Orthopterous Insects of the Families Phasmide

and Mantide from Australia and New Britain.

Description of a new Species of Phasmide from India.

Zoological Record for 1875.

Zoologist (The) for 1877.

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THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON

FOR THE YEAR 1877.

=—==—

I. Descriptions of twenty new species of Coleoptera from

various localities. By Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE.

[Read 6th December, 1876.]

List OF SPECIES.

Catascopus cupreicollis, Mathesis (g. n.) guttigera.

Adelotopus collaris. Elytrurus expansus.

es marginatus. As angulatus.

Paussotropus (g. n.) parallelus, 56 divaricatus.

Alaus nodulosus. D serrulatus.

Tridoteznia cupreovaria. Diastatropis olivaceus.

i purpureipennis. Bradycnemis (g. n.) velutina.

Psiloptera scintillans. 6 anomala,

Sphenoptera andamanensis. Stenaspis plagiata.

Nascio Enysi. Haploscelis abdominalis.

CARABID A.

Catascopus cupreicollis, sp. n.

Supra cupreo-zneus, subnitidus; thorace cupreo, elytris

striis fortiter impressis, interstitio septimo costulato,

corpore subtus seneo, coxis abdomineque piceis.

Long. 4% lin.; lat. 12 lin.

Head with some fine longitudinal scratches on the

vertex; clypeus coppery. Thorax coppery, a_ trifle

broader than long, central channel very deep, the sides in

front of the usual lateral seta nearly parallel (scarcely

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART I. (APR.) B

2 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of

arched at the anterior angles), rather strongly sinuate

behind the lateral seta, so that there is a somewhat distinct

angle where the seta is situated; the posterior angles

diverging, a little less than right angles. LElytra obscure

eeneous, very strongly striated, the strize deeply impressed

at the base, the three lateral strize (and the others at the

base) distinctly punctured, the interstices rather convex,

the fifth rather more so than the others, the seventh sub-

carinate at the base; the outer angle made by the apical

truncature rounded, the sutural angle blunt.

This species closely resembles what I have determined

to be C. eneus, Mots., and differs chiefly in the coloration

of the thorax, which is more distinctly angulated at the

side than in the middle; the head is not distinctly punc-

tured behind the eyes and on the neck as itis in C. eneus.

Hab.— Andaman Is. (R. Meldola, Esq.) Brit. Mus.

Adelotopus collaris, sp. 0.

Elongato-oblongus, convexus, nitidissimus, nigro-piceus ;

thorace, elytris maculis duabus rotundatis, abdomineque

rufo-testaceis.

Long. 2 lin.; lat. 4 lin.

Head broad, arched. Thorax +broader than long, very

convex (the margins not visible from above), a little nar-

rowed towards the front, the anterior angles rounded.

Scutellum reddish-testaceous. Elytra not quite twice as

long as the thorax, nearly parallel at the sides, truncate

at the apex, the outer angle rounded off; the suture, the

lateral margin and the extreme apex are pitchy; each

elytron has a large round yellowish spot a little behind the

middle. The whole of the underside and the apical

segment of the abdomen, which is visible from above, are

reddish-yellow.

Hab.—Siam (J. C. Bowring, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

Adelotopus marginatus, sp. n.

Oblongus, convexus, nitidissimus, levis, nigro-piceus;

thorace limbo, elytris marginibus maculisque duabus

obliquis piceo-rufis; corpore subtus piceo-testaceo.

Long. 2 lin.; lat. 14 hn.

Head blackish, margined with pitchy-red. Thorax

+ broader than long, very convex (the lateral margins not

visible from above), gently narrowed in front, the angles

rounded; the lateral margins and posterior border are

new species of Coleoptera from various localities. 3

pitchy-red. Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax,

parallel, as broad as long, conjointly arcuate at the apex,

the margins and apex pitchy-red ; each elytron with an

oblique post-mesial oblong red spot, which joms the margin

but does not quite reach the suture.

Hab.—Java (J. C. Bowring, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

PAUSSOTROPUS, gen. nov.

Labial palpi with the basal joint small and triangular,

the second obconic, the apical joint subquadrate,.a little

narrowed at the base; maxille with the inner lobe strong,

claw-like; maxillary palpi with the basal joint very small,

the 2nd and 3rd larger, subquadrate; the apical joint not

quite as long as the two preceding taken together, nar-

rowed towards the apex, which is blunt. Mandibles

broad, flat, bent and acuminate at the apex. Antenne

eleven-jointed, very short, inserted in a deep excavation

between the eye and the base of the mandible; the basal

joint elongate, 2nd short, 3rd obconic, 4th to 11th trans-

verse. Thorax transverse. Jlytra elongate, parallel,

truncate at the apex. Legs short, compressed; tarsi short,

thick, basal joint short, 2nd to 4th transverse, 5th as long as

the two preceding taken together. Abdomen with five dis-

tinct segments. Prosternum arched, not produced behind.

This curious insect is closely allied to Adelotopus, but I

have deemed it advisable to propose a new genus for its

reception on account of the prosternum not being pro-

duced behind, and the tarsi being extremely short. The

structure of the legs and tarsi closely resembles that of

Hylotorus (Pausside), which has certainly five-jointed

tarsi, and not four-jointed, as given by Gyllenhal.

Paussotropus parallelus, sp. n.

Elongatus, parallelus, convexus, piceo-testaceus, nitidus ;

capite crebre subrugoso-punctato; thorace transverso, con-

vexo, crebre subruguloso-punctato, marginibus reflexis

nitidis fere levibus, angulis rotundatis; elytris thorace

haud latioribus at 2} longioribus, fere parallelis, fortiter,

crebre, irregulariter punctatis, apice truncatis; tarsis

brevibus, piceis.

Long. 31 lin.; lat. 1 lin.

Head broad, deflexed, very thickly and rather roughly

punctured; eyes round; cheeks with a strong pentagonal

lobe over the base of each mandible ; the space between this

4 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of

lobe and the eye is entirely occupied by a round, rather

deep, shining excavation, and on the outside of this excava-

tion is a triangular notch, which is an outlet of the excava-

tion beneath the head in which the antennee are inserted.

Thorax nearly 4 broader than long, scarcely narrowed in

front, all the angles rounded; the disk (which has a central

longitudinal impression) is thickly, closely, and somewhat

roughly punctured; the lateral margins are almost impunc-

tate and are slightly reflexed. The elytra are very

strongly, rather thickly, and irregularly punctured; the

margins at the base are slightly reflexed. The legs are

short, compressed, and shining; the tarsi are very short,

slightly narrowed towards their apex.

fTab,—Batchian (J. C. Bowring, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

ELATERID ZK. -

Alaus nodulosus, sp. n.

Elongatus, piceo-niger, opacus, dense fulvo-tomentosus ;

thorace longitudine } angustiori, antice vix angustato,

margine antico medio binodoso; elytris basi thorace vix

angustioribus at duplo longioribus, apicem versus gradatim

angustatis; singulo elytro plaga laterali nigra.

3. Elytris ad apicem emarginatis; abdominis segmento

quinto apice truncato.

?. Elytris ad apicem vix truncatis; abdominis seemento

quinto apice rotundato.

Long. 11—16 lin.; lat. 31—42 lin.

Closely allied to A. putridus, and like it in form and

appearance. The thorax is of the same form and similarly

raised along the middle, but the anterior margin is fur-

nished with two approximate tubercles which project over

the head (much larger, more prominent, and closer toge-

ther than those in A. putridus); the elytra are more or less

spotted with brown, and have a large brownish-black spot

on the lateral margin; there is also an elongate paler spot

near the base of the 4th interstice.

In the male the apex of each elytron is emarginate as

in A. putridus; the penultimate segment of the abdomen

is truncate. The female has the apex of the elytra nearly

rounded, and the penultimate segment of the abdomen is

rounded at the apex.

Hab.— Andaman Is. (R. Meldola, Esq.) Brit. Mus.

new species of Coleoptera from various localities. 5

BUPRESTID 2.

Tridotenia cupreovaria, sp. n.

Elongata, angusta, «nea; thorace vitté submarginali,

linea mediana, elytrorum vitta irregulari, margineque

dimidio basali (a rama vittee medianz postice juncto)

cupreis.

Long. 74—10 lin.; lat. 23—3 lin.

Head purple-zneous, forehead deeply excavated, asmooth

spot on the vertex, and the clypeus coppery; eyes rather

prominent. Thorax much narrowed in front, with a slight

enlargement just before the anterior angles, very little con-

vex; disk dictinctly and not thickly punctured, the sides

coarsely rogose-punctate, the mesial coppery channel well

marked; the coppery stripe on each side is narrow, and

extends to the anterior angle. Elytra narrowed nearly

from the shoulders to the apex, rather irregularly and

strongly punctate-striate; a coppery stripe (varying in

width) reaches from the shoulder to about the middle of

the elytron, turns a little, and then extends to the apex

(this latter half is lightly impressed and finely punctured) ;

another coppery marginal stripe extends from the shoulder

to about half the length of the elytra, where it is joined by

a short branch from the dorsal stripe. The under side is

golden, except the thorax, which is coppery. ‘Tarsi green.

Hab.—Andaman Is. (R. Meldola, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

Closely allied to L. cyaniceps, F., but has the elytra more

regularly attenuated, and the stripes are quite different,

not straight, as in the allied species.

Iridotenia purpureipennis, sp. i.

Elongata, nitida; capite thoraceque sneo-cyaneis, hoc

lateribus plag& ovali cupreé ruguloso-punctata notatis ;

elytris purpureis (dorsim eeneo-micantibus), irregulariter

striato-punctatis, usque ad medium fere parallelis, dein ad

apicem attenuatis, marginibus serratis; corpore subtus

leete cupreo-aureo ; antennis, tibiis, tarsisque viridibus.

Long. 16 lin. ; lat. 43 lin.

Head and thorax deep blue, tinged with seneous ; fore-

head deeply excavated, and with a deeply impressed cen-

tral line; clypeus coppery. Thorax distinctly and not

thickly punctured, narrowed in front of the middle, and

with a slight swelling just before the anterior angles ; cen-

tral line only impressed posteriorly; each side has a large,

oval, coppery spot close to but not quite reaching the

margin. LElytra a little broader than the thorax at the

6 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of

base, sub-parallel for about two-thirds their length and

then narrowed to the apex; distinctly but not very strongly

striate-punctate ; of a deep purple colour (especially at the

sides), but, when seen laterally, of a bright olive-green.

Hab.— Andaman Is. (R. Meldola, Esq.)

Psiloptera scintillans, sp. n.

Elongata, elliptica, nitens, eneo-cupreo-varia; thorace

cupreo, antice angustato, punctato, lateribus rugosis;

elytris basi thorace vix latioribus ad apicem angustatis,

singulis lineis elevatis nitidis quatuor nigris, interstitiis

cupreis, crebre rugulosis et viridi-punctatis, apice truncato,

angulo externo breviter spmoso; corpore subtus cupreo,

fortiter rugoso-punctato; tarsis viridibus.

Long. 8—12 lin.; lat. 2?—42 lin.

Most nearly allied to Ps. viridicuprea, Saund., but very

distinct from all the species of the genus by the strong

coste on the elytra. Head very rugose. Thorax about

one-third broader than long, narrowed anteriorly, espe-

cially in front of the middle, with a smooth central line;

the disk not thickly punctured; the sides rugosely punc-

tured, the punctures golden-green. LElytra three times

and three-quarters longer than the thorax, but scarcely

wider at the base, gently narrowed from the shoulders to

the posterior two-thirds, and then more suddenly narrowed

to the apex; each elytron with four black shining coste,

the interstices rough, and rather thickly punctured, the

punctures green. The whole under side coppery, frosted;

middle of the sterna smooth.

Hfab.— Andaman Is. (R. Meldola, Esq.) Brit. Mus.

Sphenoptera andamanensis, sp. 0.

Hlongata, nigra, nitida; clypeo cupreo; thorace longi-

tudine 3 breviori, sat crebre distincte punctulato, ante

medium oblique angustato, lateribus postice parallelis;

scutello transverso ; elytris basi thorace paulo latioribus et

triplo longioribus, postice angustatis, striato-punctatis,

singulis apice trispinosis; corpore subtus eenescenti.

Long. 54 lin.; lat. 14 lin.

The whole upper surface is closely and very finely

punctured, which renders the larger punctures (especially

on the elytra) less well defined. The head and thorax

are somewhat thickly punctured with the larger punctures;

the latter is obliquely narrowed in the anterior third;

the sides parallel for the posterior two-thirds; the anterior

new species of Coleoptera from various localities. 7

margin is nearly straight (only very slightly sinuate at

each side). LElytra a little broader than the thorax, at-

tenuated posteriorly, moderately distinctly striate-punctate,

each puncture traversed by two short strize; the apex of

each elytron with three acute teeth, the sutural one less

acute, the second the longest, the outer one about twice

the distance from the second that the second is from the

sutural one, receding from the apex.

In some lights two faint purple spots are visible on the

margins of the elytra.

Hab.— Andaman Is. (R. Meldola, Esq.) Brit. Mus.

This species is closely allied to Sph. maculatus, L. & G.,

but is relatively broader and less suddenly attenuated

behind. The thorax is distinctly transverse and the punc-

tuation is different, the larger punctures being equally

distributed over the surface, and the fine punctuation

throughout is more distinct.

Nascio Enysi, Sharp.*

Statura fere WV. Parry?, clongata, angusta, snea, nitida;

thorace longitudine } latiori, antice parum angustato, crebre

rugoso-punctato ; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, inter-

stitus dorsalibus fere sequalibus levibus, lateribus rugoso-

punctatis; singulo elytro maculis duabus, obliquis flavis

notato.

Long. 32 lin.; lat. 14 lin.

Forehead shining coppery. Thorax scarcely narrowed

in front, posterior angles somewhat acute and projecting;

hind margin with a shallow central impression. Llytra a

little broader than the thorax, narrowed at the apex which

is quadri-spinose, the two central spines short (made by

the suture bemg produced). Each elytron has two oblong

yellow spots—one before, the other behind the middle.

Hab.—N. Zealand (Major Parry and C. M. Wakefield,

Esq.). Brit. Mus.

CLERID 2.

MATHESIS, gen. n.

Antennz with the basal joint obconic, the 2nd round,

the 3rd a little elongate, the 4th to 8th gradually shorter,

* When I read this paper I gave this species the name WV. guadriguttata;

in the Feb. number, however, of the Ent. Month. Mag. p. 193, Mr. Sharp

has described it under the name of Bruprestis Znysi. It certainly is not

a Bruprestis, but a Nascio.

8 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of

the 9th to 11th forming a loose club, as long as all the pre-

ceding joints taken together. Palpi with the terminal joint

securiform. Tarsi not broad, the 3rd joint not bilobed,

furnished with a well-developed lamina; claws with a very

small basal tooth.

This genus appears to me most nearly allied to Eburz-

fera, from which it differs in the long club to the antenne,

and in not having the 3rd joint of the tarsi (which are

much less broad) bilobed.

Mathesis guttigera, sp. 1.

Elongata, pavrallela, violacea, nitida, parce longe pu-

bescens; elytris guttis quatuor flavis ornatis; femoribus

basi piceo-testaceis.

Long. 3} lin.; lat. 1 lin.

Of a beautiful shining blue, tinged with purple on the

elytra. Antenne long, pitchy at the base, the club long

and flat; the apical joint clongate-ovate, a little shorter

than the preceding joint. ‘Thorax gently convex, scarcely

broader than the head, broadest in the middle, almost

impunctate. Elytra a little broader than the thorax,

parallel, convex, rounded at their apices, with no distinct

punctuation: each elytron has a small yellow spot about

one-third from the base near the suture, and a second

larger spot on the margin, about the middle.

Hab.—New Zealand (C. M. Wakefield, Esq.). Brit.

Mus.

This beautiful little species has much the same form and

colouration as Zorion guittigerum among the Cerambycide, —

and is probably parasitic upon it, as Mr. Wakefield informs

me that the two insects are found associated.

CURCULIONIDZ.

LElytrurus expansus, sp. 0.

Niger, squamulis minutis sabulosis tectis; rostro linea

longitudinali elevaté nitid&; thorace longitudine paulo

latiori, antice posticeque fere recte truncato, sat convexo,

granulis sat magnis (ad latera parvis) dense instructo,

lateribus arcuatim rotundatis; elytris basi thorace haud

latioribus, dorsim planatis (suturé solum paulo convex4),

postice duplo latioribus, fortiter striato-punctatis, lateribus

new species of Coleoptera from various localities. 9

ante apicem in dente magno nitido expansis, apice acute

producto, deflexo.

Long. 8 lin.; lat. elytr. 44 lin.

Head with an elevated line commencing between the

eyes and extending to the apex of the rostrum. Thorax

gently convex, covered with rather large shining granules,

which become smaller and less close at the sides; the

sandy-coloured scales form a small spot next the scutellum.

Klytra at their base not broader than the thorax, becoming

regularly broader for two-thirds their length, where the

margin 1s more suddenly expanded into a large somewhat

triangular up-turned projection; from this projection to

the apex the elytra are very much narrowed and deflexed,

the apex of each being acute; the sides are only carinate

just before the lateral projection; the dorsal region is

rather flat, gently convex at the suture, distinctly striate-

punctate, the interstices not distinctly granular except at

the sides.

Hab.—Ovalau (W. Wykeham Perry). Brit. Mus.

Elytrurus angulatus, sp. vu.

Ater; rostro linea elevaté nitida; thorace granuloso;

elytris basi thorace haud latioribus, postice 2 latioribus,

supra granulis nitidis adspersis, ante apicem utrinque for-

titer excisis, apice acuminato.

Long. 7 lin.; lat. elytr. 34 lin.

Much resembles the preceding species in form. The

thorax is a trifle narrower, but scarcely broader than long.

The elytra somewhat flattened, gently convex on the disk,

becoming regularly broader from the base to the posterior

two-thirds, from thence to the apex strongly emarginate

and acuminate, whence it happens that the margin has at

one-third from the apex a large, triangular tooth, as in the

preceding species, but it does not project laterally, as in

Ei. exzpansus, and its outer edge is a continuation of the

lateral carina (which in this species is continued to the

shoulder). The whole upper surface is moderately thickly

covered with small, round, shining tubercles, and there

are no rows of punctures, as in the preceding species.

The apices of the elytra are a little separated from each

other, and are less acute than in EL. expansus.

Hab.— Viti Levu. Brit. Mus.

10 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of

Elytrurus divaricatus, sp. 0.

Elongato-ellipticus, niger, squamulis sabulosis dense tec-

tus; rostro obsolete tricarinato; thorace tuberculis nitidis

adspersis ; elytris vix convexis, ante medium rotundato-

ampliatis, apicem versus angustatis, apicibus acuminatis

divaricatis, supra striato-punctatis, punctis squamiferis, 1n-

terstiis tuberculis parvis vix perspicuis parce adspersis.

Long. 6 lin.; lat. elytr. 24 lin.

Rostrum with a central, longitudinal carina, and on each

side of it a less distinct, oblique, slightly interrupted ridge.

Antenne with the 2nd joint of the funiculus about one-

third longer than the Ist. Thorax scarcely broader than

long, gently convex, with not very small, shining tubercles

sparingly scattered over the surface; a little narrowed in

front, the sides slightly arcuate, sub-parallel behind the

-middle. Elytra not broader than the thorax at their base,

but rather suddenly becoming broader to the basal third,

and then gradually narrowed towards the apex; the apices

acuminate and distinctly diverging, blunt at the tip; lineate-

punctate, the punctures each filled with a scale; the sides

anteriorly are somewhat rounded, and are not distinctly

carinate laterally.

Closely allied to the preceding, but relatively shorter

and broader; the apices of the elytra are rather more

diverging and are more blunted at the tip.

Hab.—Vati (W. W. Perry, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

Elytrurus serrulatus, sp. n.

Elongatus, parum convexus, antice posticeque angus-

tatus, squamulis parvis sabulosis et griseo-eneis tectus,

eranulosus; elytris lateribus subcarinatis serrulatis, apicibus

parum divaricatis.

Long. 62 lin.; lat. elytr. 24 lin.

Rostrum with a broad central longitudinal shallow im-

pression. Thorax scarcely one-fifth broader than long,

gently convex, moderately closely covered with shining

granules, a little more narrowed in front than behind, the

sides gently rounded. LElytra not wider than the thorax

at their base, three and one-third times longer, slightly

arched, gradually widened to the middle and thence nar-

rowed again to the apex, the apices somewhat acute and

cshightly diverging. The whole surface moderately thickly

covered with very small shining granules, which have a

new species of Coleoptera from various localities. 11

tendency to form rows, and which placed on the lateral

carina give it a slightly serrate appearance. The antenn

are unusually long and slender, the 2nd joint of the funi-

culus is twice as long as the 1st. The scales which clothe

the surface are sandy-coloured, except on the dorsal region

of the elytra, where they are greyish-zeneous.

Hab.—Vati (W. Wykeham Perry, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

ANTHRIBID ZL.

Diastatropis olivaceus, sp. n.

Subtus niger, supra tomento olivaceo vel eneo dense

tecto; oculis ovalibus vix prominulis, rostro carina nitida

longitudinal distincta; thorace convexo, antice angustato;

elytris latitudine fere ? longioribus, thorace latioribus, .

dorsim depressiusculis; antennis (clava excepta) pedi-

busque obscure piceis.

Long. 7—9 lin.; lat. 25—3 lin.

é. Antenne reaching to the shoulders. Hlytra two-

fifths longer than broad, very little narrowed at the apex,

the sides gently arcuate, each with a broad velvety stripe.

¢. Antenne reaching to the middle of the thorax.

Elytra relatively a little shorter than in the male, parallel

at the sides, bluntly rounded at the apex, delicately striate-

punctate, the interstices alternately obscure olive and

coppery-zeneous.

The thorax in both sexes (although a little shorter in

the ¢ than in the ¢) is about as long as broad, broadest

near the base, much narrowed in front, also a little nar-

rowed behind the fine curved ridge, which is across the

broadest part, where the sides are not distinctly angular.

Hab.—Madagascar. Brit. Mus.

CERAMBYCIDZ.

BRADYCNEMIS, gen. n.

Characters of Phyllocnema, but with the thorax rounded

and not angular at the sides. Prosternum horizontal,

slightly produced, and cut perpendicularly behind. Pos-

terior tibix very broad and compressed, gradually narrowed

to their base. Antenne [8- or] 11-jointed, rather short

and stout.

12 Mr. ©. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of

Bradyenemis velutina, sp. n.

Purpureo-nigra, velutina, subtus nitida; thorace longi-

tudine fere + latiori, margine antico medio parum angulato,

lateribus sub-rotundatis, basi constricto, supra nigro-velu-

tino, subtus creberrime subtiliter punctulato, utrinque

plaga levi; elytris parallelis, thorace vix latioribus, apice

obtuse rotundatis, piceis, basi piceo-nigro; metasterno sat

crebre fortiter punctato.

Long. 22 lin.; lat. 7 lin.

The antennz are 11-jointed, about the same length as

the elytra. The sides of the thorax are somewhat rounded,

slightly angular behind the middle. The elytra are nearly

black at the base, the posterior four-fifths pale pitchy; the

pubescence dense at the base, less so towards the apex.

Metasternum very broad. Abdomen with the first three

seoments having the posterior margin straight, the fifth

gently emarginate.

Hab.—k. Indies? (J. C. Bowring, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

Bradycnemis anomala, sp. nu.

Preecedenti affinis, differt tamen antennis octo articulatis,

thorace lateribus bene rotundatis, subtus omnino regulariter

creberrime subtiliter punctulato; elytris olivaceo-piceis,

minus crebre punctulatis; abdomine piceo, segmentis

omnibus apice leviter emarginatis.

Long. 21 lin.; lat. 6 lin.

I am very much perplexed as to what to do with this

insect. In spite of the anomalous antenne (which are

two-thirds the length of the elytra, and are quite perfect),

it appears to me to be congeneric with the preceding,

which it closely resembles in other respects. May the

two insects possibly be sexes?

Hab.—Penang (J. C. Bowring, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

Stenaspis plagiata, sp. n.

Elongata, parallela, piceo-castanea, nitida; fronte

levi, canaliculataé; thorace longitudine fere duplo latiori,

convexo, confertim ruguloso, lateribus medio bene angu-

latis, disco impressionibus quinque nitidis nigris, margine

postico flavo; scutello fere levi; elytris thorace vix

angustioribus apicem versus parum angustatis, crebre

new species of Coleoptera from various localities. 13

fortiter punctatis, singulis plagis tribus flavis (nigro-

cinctis) notatis.

Long. 21 lin.; lat. 7 lin.

The head and thorax are rather darker than the elytra.

The elytra have a black band across, about one-third from

the base, in which are four yellow spots; at about one-

third from the apex there is on each elytron a yellow

reniform spot which is surrounded with black.

Hab.— Guatemala (O. Salvin, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

ENDOMYCHIDZE.

FLaploscelis abdominalis, sp. n.

Ovalis, atratus, subnitidus, levis; thorace leviter con-

vexo, basi medio haud marginato; elytris convexis, apicem

versus arcuatim angustatis; tibiis anticis intus dente

acuto armatis; abdomine medio impressione magna.

Long. 43 lin.; lat. 23 lin.

General form and appearance of H. atratus, ?, but

with the elytra much less acuminate at the apex. The

club of the antennz is much less broad. The thorax is

gently convex, not very deeply emarginate in front, the

anterior angles not very prominent, nearly rectangles;

the sides margined, gently sinuate before the posterior

angles, which are a little less than right-angles; the base

has the usual two fovez, but is not margined between them.

The elytra have the sides arcuate. The anterior tibie are

dilated on the inside (a little beyond the middle) into a

strong tooth. The abdomen has a deep central impression

which occupies the 2nd to 4th segments and encroaches

on the margin of the Ist, the sides of the impression are

elevated.

Hab.—Madagascar. Brit. Mus.

GoM)

II. Notes on the African Saturniide in the Collection of

the Royal Dublin Society. By W. F. Kirey,

Assistant Naturalist, R.D.S.

[Read 7th February, 1877.]

THE Saturniide, although a very favourite group with

most Entomologists who interest themselves in moths, are

but little known, because they have not been systemati-

cally collected like the butterflies, and hence specimens

are rarely to be obtained, except by accident. Some

time ago, however, the Royal Dublin Society purchased

a large collection of insects of all orders which had been

formed by a gentleman at Sierra Leone; and has subse-

quently acquired other specimens from Africa, including

(through the kindness of Mr. D. G. Rutherford) some of

those collected by Mr. G. Thomson of Glasgow, at Cama-

roons. Generally speaking African Saturniide are only

to be obtained singly, and then not always in the best

condition. I give below a list of the species at present

contained in the Dublin Collection.

Genus Bunma, Hiibn.

1. B. Aslauga, nu. sp., infra. Madagascar.

This is probably the species described by Boisduval,

Faun. Mad. p. 88, as Alcinoe, Cram., from which the

different position of the ocellus of the hind wing will at

once distinguish it.

2. B. Nyctalops, Wallengr. Natal.

This common species varies considerably in size, and

commonly goes under the name of Alcinoe, Cram. [Stoll],

from which it is certainly distinct. It is, however, pos-

sibly a variety of B. Caffraria, Stoll (t. 31, f. 2, 2C.),

though I am at present more inclined to consider it a

distinct species. It has been well figured as B. Alcinoe

by Mr. Butler in his series of card illustrations of Tropical

Butterflies and Moths.

TRANS. ENT. 800. 1877.—PART I. (APR.)

16 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s Notes on the African Saturniide

3. B. Angasana, Westw. Natal.

4, B, Thomsonii, nu. sp., infra. Camaroons.

5. B. Eblis, Streck. Camaroons.

A single specimen, very badly rubbed, but differing in

no respect from the description.

6. B. Nictitans, Fabr. Sierra Leone.

(. B. Tyrrhena, Westw. Natal.

Genus ImprastA, Hiibn.

1. £. —, sp. n.? Sierra Leone.

I do not venture to describe a single specimen in bad

condition, in the absence of any of the allied species to

compare with it.

Genus Urota, Westw.

1. U. Sinope, Westw. Natal?

A single specimen, erroneously labelled ‘ Brazil.”

Genus ANTHER®A, Hiibn.

1. A. Suraka, Boisd. Madagascar.

2. A. Cytherea, Fabr. Africa.

A pair in poor condition, without locality. This is

known to be a very variable species, and the figures of

Sulzer (Bomb. Hesperus minor, Gen. Ins. t. 21, f. 1)

and Stoll (Até. Capensis, Pap. Ex. iv. t. 302 A, B,

325 G) are very dissimilar, the former agreeing most

nearly with the Fabrician description. The figure in

Hiibner’s Sammlung, vol. 1., differs so much that I have

ventured to describe it below as A. Hibnert, from the

figure.

3. A. Dione, Fabr. Sierra Leone.

Petiver’s figure (Gaz. t. 29, f. 3) probably represents

this species, otherwise the typical West-African form has

never been figured. The two following species have been

considered to be varieties of A, Dione; but this appears

tn the Collection of the Royal Dublin Society. 17

to me very doubtful; and I believe that observations on

their transformations are about to be published which will

establish them as distinct species.

4, A, Wahlbergi, Boisd, Natal.

5. A. Gueinzii, Staud. Natal.

Maassen and Weymer have lately figured this species as

the true Dione in their Beitriige zur Schmetterlingskunde.

The real Dione from West Africa is much more closely

allied to A. Wahlbergi.

6. A. Rhodophila, Walk, Camaroons.

Genus ArGEINA, Wallengr.

1. A. Mimose, Boisd. Natal.

Unfortunately the larva which feeds on the Mimosa, and

which was supposed to belong to this species, is, as I have

been informed by Mr. H. C. Harford, of H. M.’s 77th

Regiment, that of Gynanisa Maia. Saturnia Campionea,

Sign., founded on the larva, likewise refers to the latter

species,

Genus EvupmMontA, Hiibn.

1. #. Brachyura. Dru. Sierra Leone.

Stoll’s figure certainly represents this species, as is plain

from the position of the spots; and the colouration of

Drury’s would lead to the same conclusion; but both

figures are very bad. The Fabrician description (Bombyx

Argus) appears to apply distinctly to this, and not to the

following species.

2. E. Argiphontes (Maassen in litt.). Sierra Leone.

This species, described below, will be figured in the

forthcoming Part IV of Maassen and Weymer’s Beitriige

zur Schmetterlingskunde.

Genus Gynanisa, Walk.

1. G. Isis, Westw. West Africa.

I am informed that this is the type specimen from which

the figure in the Naturalist’s Library was drawn.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877,— PARTI. (APR.) G

18 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s Notes on the African Saturniide

. G. Maia, Klug. Natal.

Tak species qonvoaky stands in collections as Isis,

Westw. Mr. Harford, who has bred them by hundreds,

informs me that the larva feeds on the Mimosa, and that

the perfect insect scarcely varies at all.

Genus SATURNIA, Schrank.

1. S, Apollonia, Cram. Natal.

Genus APHELIA, Hiibn.

1. A, Apollinaris, Boisd. Natal.

Genus Henucua, Hiibn.

1. Hl, Delegorguet, Boisd. Natal.

No attempt has been made in the present paper to rectify

the position of the genera, although I have ventured to put

the genera Imbrasia and Urota in juxtaposition, as I under-

stand from Mr. Harford that the sexes present similar diffe-

rences. I need scarcely add that the arrangement of the

whole of the Bombyces is at present highly unsatisfactory,

and greatly needs a thorough revision.

Bunea Aslauga, n. sp.

Ho Exp. al.7i in. Closely allied to B. Alcinoe, Stoll.

Cramer’s Pap. Ex. t. 322, f. A, B.

Hind margin of fore wings a little more concave. Red-

dish-brown; thorax and base of all the wings vinous and

brown, bounded externally by a white sub-basal stripe.

This stripe is better defined and nearly straight on the

fore wings, which have also a very large vitreous spot on

the disk, with a triangular notch on the outside. Costa

broadly grey, commencing at the base, and broadening

triang oularly as far as the vitreous spot, which is placed on

a broad, ill-defined stripe, rather darker than the ground

colour. A submarginal dark stripe, edged on both sides

with pinkish-white, nearly straight on the fore wings

and curved on the hind wings, commences on the costa

near the apex, where the paler colouring becomes suffused

on both sides. Hind wings with the inner margin suffused

in the Collection of the Royal Dublin Society. 19

with reddish as far as the submarginal stripe. Ocellus

orange, with a minute vitreous pupil, and with black and

white outer rings, nearly as in Alcinoe, but placed about

the middle of the wing, instead of close to the submarginal

lines. Underside with the submarginal markings indi-

cated; fore wings suffused with reddish, especially along

costa, base, and inner margin. Ocellus of hind wings

represented by a small, oval, vitreous spot, placed on the

outside of a dark band. Body reddish; antenne and

tarsi black.

Hab.—Madagascar. One specimen in the Museum of

the Royal Dublin Society.

Bunea Thomsonit, un. sp.

¢. Expands nearly 83 inches. Allied to B. Angasana,

Westw., and B. Phedusa, Dru. Fore wings with the

costa strongly arched, and the hind margin slightly convex ;

apex acute, but not so distinctly falcate as in B. Angasana.

Fore wings brown, shaded with darker, and with grey; a

small triangular vitreous spot on the disk; and a nearly

straight dark line running from the tip towards the inner

margin, where it becomes indistinct. Hind wings rather

darker than the fore wings, the centre occupied by a large

reddish space, on which is placed a slightly oval black eye

of moderate size, surrounded by a red, and then by a pink

ring; pupil vitreous, narrow, and very small.

Underside shaded with brown and grey, the dark line

of fore wings present, and the vitreous spot more con-

spicuous, and with a brownish mark before and behind.

Hind wings with a small brownish spot near the base,

surrounded by a pinkish-white circle. The ocellus of the

upperside is represented by four irregularly-shaped brownish

spots, two large, and two small, on greyish ground, cor-

responding to the reddish portion of the wing above.

The spots rest on a slightly curved band, which runs from

the apex of the hind wing to the middle of the imner

margin. A broad suffused band runs through the middle

of all the wings. Body brown, a conspicuous white collar,

asin Phedusa. Antenne black,

Hab.—Cameroons. One specimen in the Museum of

the Royal Dublin Society. Named after Mr. George

Thomson, of Glasgow, the original discoverer of this and

many other fine species.

20. Mr. W. F. Kirby’s Notes on the African Saturniide

Antherea Hubneri, n. sp.

?. Exp.al.4?in. Allied to A. Cytherea, Fabr. Uni-

form ochre-brown, with two pale convergent stripes on

each wing, the inner much less dentated than in A. Cythe-

rea, and edged with dusky internally ; the outer more dis-

tinetly edged with dusky externally. Ocelli slightly oval,

and rather larger on the hind wings than on the fore wings ;

pupil white, surrounded with yellow, black and white rings.

Underside with the eyes distinct, but rather smaller; the

outer pale stripe broader, and the inner wanting; base of

wings darker than above.

Figured in Hiibner’s Sammlung, vol. 1., as “ Echidna

communi formis Cytherea.”

Locality unknown.

The uniform colouration, the regularity and distinctness

of the transverse lines on both wings, and the more basal

position of the ocellus on the hind wings, which usually

almost touches the outer line in Cytherea, will distinguish

this msect from any specimen or figure of that species

before me. The inner stripe is usually almost obsolete on

the hind wings in Cytherea.

KHudemonia Argiphontes (Maassen in litt.).

Iixp. al. 3—3iim. Length of tail, 531m. in 4 and 23 in.

iné. Allied to Brachyura, Dru. (Argus, Stoll); brown,

@ paler; wings shaped as in Brachyura, and slightly scal-

loped, as in that species. A common dark stripe, edged

externally with whitish (at least on the fore wings, where

the costa is suffused with whitish between the stripe and

the apex), extends from the costa of the fore wings to the

inner margin of the hind wings, at about two-thirds of

the length of the wings. Near the base of fore wings is

a similar stripe, more oblique and diverging from the

other, not reproduced below. ‘Tails of the same shape as

in Brachyura, and edged with darker, as are also the

fringes of the wings. A narrow, pinkish line runs down

the greater portion of the tail in the ¢; the tails in the 2

are much more broadly edged with darker for two-thirds

of their length. Near the outer stripe of the fore wings

runs a row of four small vitreous spots, edged with yellow

and black, within which are two smaller detached spots in

the @ and one in the ¢. The vitreous spots are larger,

in the Collection of the Royal Dublin Society. 21

and the yellow edging less distinct in the ¢ than in the ¢.

Hind wings with five similar but smaller spots within the

stripe, placed irregularly. Underside similar but paler,

basal stripe of fore wings absent. Body extending for

half the length of the hind wings in ¢, and for threc-

quarters in ?, tail not included. Antenne with very dis-

tant pectinations.

Hab.—Sierra Leone; a single pair in the Museum of

the Royal Dublin Society.

III. Descriptions of new genera and species of Phyto-

phagous Beetles belonying to the family Crypto-

cephalidee, together with diagnoses and remarks

on previously described genera. By JOSEPH S.

Baty, F.L.S8., &c.

[Read 7th February, 1877.]

Family CRYPTOCEPHALID.

The tendency shown by some of our leading Entomolo-

gists to ignore small generic groups, and to regard them

as mere sections of a larger and often unwieldy genus, is,

I think, rather injurious than otherwise to the progress of

Entomology. The time and labour necessarily consumed

in wading through a long series of unnamed sub-sections

(usually placed without any attempt at tabular arrange-

ment), often deter students from working on those families

in which these cumbrous genera exist.

The genus Cryptocephalus presents a striking case in

point: containing upwards of 700 described species, held

together by the slightest possible characters, it has been

divided by Suffrian into numerous secondary groups, many

of them so aberrant that it frequently becomes impossible

to determine whether a species belongs to the genus or

not.

Many of these groups having been previously charac-

terized as distinct genera by Stal, Saunders, and other

authors, I shall endeavour in the present paper to restore

them to their original rank. In order to do this,

it is necessary to divide Dr. Chapuis’ sub-family Crypto-

cephalites, conjoined with a portion of his Monachites (viz.,

those genera in which the scutellum is well developed) mto

two primary groups, dependent on the form and emargi-

nation of the eyes.

In the first section, which includes Cryptocephalus

proper, Monachus, and allied old world forms, the eyes

are more or less elongate, frequently approximating or

even contiguous in the é. .They are broadly emarginate

within, the canthus occupying to a great extent the inner

border of the eye; its apex is very broadly rounded or

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART I. (APR.)

24 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

obtusely angled, and it rarely extends halfway across the

transverse diameter of the eye; its sides are generally

unequal, the lower edge being longer and more oblique

than the upper one, the lower angle at the same time

being either very broadly rounded or entirely obsolete; in

addition, the antenne (in the great majority of cases) are

inserted at some little distance from the eye, a distinct

space being left between the antennal cavity and its inner

border.

In the second section the eye is shorter, more remote,

more or less ovate, and more deeply and at the same time

more narrowly notched. The canthus, which always

extends halfway or even more across the eye, is either

wedge-shaped or trigonate, its sides being nearly equal

and its lower angle always distinct. The antenne are

always placed close to the lower angle of the canthus, the

antennal cavity often encroaching on the surface of the

notch itself:

This division includes Ochrosopsts, [diocephala, Cadmus,

and other allied Australian forms, a tabular arrange-

ment of which I have placed below, giving afterwards

diagnoses of those genera either re-established or charac-

terized for the first time.

I. Scutellum subquadratum aut subtrigonatum.

1. Femora postica incrassata, @ .. oe -e Lachnabothra.

2. Femora postica non incrassata, ¢.

A. Thorax dorso valde gibbosus .. -» Cyphodera.

BG. Thorax dorso bimamillatus ao -. Brachycaulus.

C. Thorax dorso convexus aut leviter gibbosus.

a. Thoracis margo lateralis denticulatus

aut crenulatus.

b. Seutellum quadratum aut sub-

quadratum, leeve, dorso non cari-

natum .. oe Bs »» Cadmus.

b'. Scutellum subquadratum aut sub-

trigonatum, rugosum, dorso cari-

natum .. oe 50 ee Prionopleura.

a'. Thoracis margo lateralis integer, in-

terdum leviter sinuatus.

c. Antenne fusiformes an -» Aporocera.

ce’. Antenne articulis intermediis

compressis et dilatatis, apice

filiformes ee oe -» Chariderma.

cl!, Antenne ante medium filiformes.

d. Prosterni margo posticus an-

eulatus.

and species of Cryptocephalide. 25

e. Antenne corpore zequilongz

aut longiores ¢, paullo

breviores 9 we .. Lehombosternus.

e!, Antenne corpore breviores

aut illo vix equilonge ¢,

multo breviores 2 .. Loxopleurus.

d'. Prosterni margo posticus rotun-

datus, truncatus aut bilobatus.

f. Corpus oblongus aut elonga-

tus, subcylindricus, elytro-

rum lateribusmodice lobatis Ochrosopsis.

f', Corpus oblongo-quadratum

aut subquadratum, elytro-

rum lateribusfortiterlobatis Zdiocephala.

d", Prosterni margo posticus pro-

funde incisus. . ae .. Schizosternus.*

II. Seutellum lineariforme, apice libero, valde exserto Dianchichus.}

Genus CYPHODERA.

Cadmus, pars, Germ., Suffr., Chapuis.

Corpus oblongum, convexum, supra glabrum, subtus

pube adpressa subsquamiformi vestitum. Caput breve, ad

marginem oculorum in thoracem insertum; oculis ovyatis,

intus triangulatim emarginatis; antennis filiformibus, cor-

poris dimidio brevioribus, ? {, ad apicem leviter incras-

satis. Thorax convexus, dorso gibbere valido, apice

longitudinaliter compresso, instructus; margine basali

reculariter denticulato, utrinque sinuato, medio late trun-

cato, lateribus sinuatis, non denticulatis. Scutellum cunei-

forme, leve, basi vix emarginatum, apice truncatum.

Elytra thoracis basi paullo latiora, parallela, apice obtuse

truncata, pygydium non obtegentia, lateribus ante medium

sat valde lobatis; dorso convexa, circa scutellum abrupte

elevata, confuse punctata, tuberculis validis, oblongis, leevi-

bus nonnullisinstructa. Pedes breves, robusti. Prosternum

longitudine fere equilatum, lateribus medio constrictis;

margine antico paullo producto, deorsum vix deflexo;

* This genus, recently described by Dr. Chapuis, is unknown to me;

but, judging from the brief characters given, it appears, without doubt, to

belong to the present group.

+ Dianchichus hasa strongly serrulated binder margin to the thorax, and,

therefore, must be removed from the division in which Dr. Chapuis has

placed it to the present one.

{ In the only specimen of the ¢ sex that I possess, the antenn2 are un-

fortunately broken, but, judging from the length of the remaining joints,

they are probably as long as, or even longer than, the body.

26 Mi. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

margine postico obtuse truncato, medio obsolete sinuato;

disco plano, pone medium concavo.

Type, Cyphodera Chlamydiformis (Cadmus), Germ.

Genus BRACHYCAULUS, Fairm. |

Ann. Ent. Soc. Fran. 1843, p. 14, tab.i. & ii. fig. 7—9.

Onchosoma, Saunders; Cadmus, pars, Suftrian, Chapuis.

Corpus oblongo-ovatum aut subquadrato-ovatum, con-

vexum, pube squamiformi vestitum, supra rarius glabrum.

Caput thoraci insertum; oculis ovalibus, intus profunde

angulatim emarginatis; antennis filiformibus, corporis

dimidio vix longioribus ¢, illo brevioribus 2. Thorax con-

vexus, dorso bimamillosus, lateribus denticulatis. Scutellum

trigonatum, apice late truncatum. Klyéra thoracis basi

eequilata aut paullo latiora, valde convexa, pygydium

amplectentia ; rugosa, tuberculis et vittis nonnullis

instructa; lateribus ante medium -vix lobatis. Pedes

robusti, tarsis latis, unguiculis basi incrassatis. -Pro-

sternum late oblongum, aut oblongum, margine postico

obtuso aut bilobato; disco plano, interdum antice elevato,

et ibi longitudinaliter excavato.

The species of Brachycaulus may be divided into two

sections, dependent on the form of the hinder margin of

the prosternum.

The double tuberosity of the upper surface of the thorax,

combined with the short robust form, and the short

antenne in both sexes, will at once separate the Brachy-

caulus from any other genus having toothed lateral mar-

gins to the thorax.

Cadmus rugosus, foveicollis, dorsalis, Klugit and

Ewingit, Saunders, as also colossus, Chapuis, belong to

the present generic group.

Genus Capmus, Erichs.

Wied. Archiv. viii. 1842, i. p. 119.

Cadmus, pars, Suffr., Chap.; Odontocerus, Saunders.

Corpus anguste oblongum, subcylindricum, subtus pube

adpressa squamiformi vestitum. Caput thoraci insertum;

oculis ovalibus, intus profunde angulatim emarginatis;

antennis filiformibus, ad apicem vix incrassatis, corpore

longioribus $; illo equilongis aut paullo brevioribus ¢.

Thorax convexus, dorso non gibbosus, rugoso-punctatus,

and species of Cryptocephalide. 27

lateribus denticulatis aut crenulatis. Scwtellum quadratum

aut subquadratum, latitudine plerumque paullo longior,

basi bilobatum, disco levi, non carinato. lytra thoracis

basi fere eequilata, circa scutellum abrupte elevata, glabra,

confuse punctata; lateribus ante medium leviter aut modice

lobatis, limbo inflexo pone medium attenuato, ante

apicem desinente. Pedes robusti; unguiculis basi in-

crassatis.

Prosternum subquadrato-oblongum, postice ampliatum,

margine postico obtuso aut obtuse rotundato; margine

antico plerumque paullo deflexo.

Cadmus differs from Prionopleura in the glabrous upper

surface of the body, in the smooth, non-carinate scutellum,

in the much narrower, inflexed limb of the elytra, and in

the rather more robust antennze of the male; both genera

agree in haying the base of the pygydium covered to a

greater or lesser extent by the apices of the elytra.

Cadmus australis, Boisd.; litigiosus, Boh.; vibrans,

Suffr.; excrementarius, Suffr.; and trispilus, Chapuis,

belong to this genus.

Genus PRIONOPLEURA, Saunders.

Trans. Ent. Soc. 1846, p. 197.

Corpus anguste oblongum aut elongatum, parallelum,

subcylindricum, pube subsquamiformi vestitum. Caput

in thoracem insertum, perpendiculare; oculis ovalibus,

intus profunde, angulatim emarginatis; antennis filiformi-

bus, interdum ad apicem leviter compressis et incrassatis,

corpus plerumque longitudine superantibus ¢, corpore

paullo brevioribus ?. Zhorax convexus, rugoso-punctatus,

lateribus denticulatis. Scwtellum basi emarginatum, sub-

quadratum aut breviter trigonatum, apice late truncatum,

dorso rugoso, carinato, Elytra rugoso-punctata, thoracis

basi eequilata, oblonga, pygydium plus minusve obtegentia,

lateribus basi modice lobatis, limbo inflexo ad apicem

distincto. Pedes robusti; wunguiculis basi incrassatis.

Prosternum late oblongum aut oblongum, margine antico

deflexo, margine postico obtuso aut obtuse rotundato.

C. crucicollis, Boisd. ; rugicollis, Gray ; cognatus, bi-

fasciatus, flavicinctus and histrionicus, Suflr., together

with purpurascens, Chapuis, form this generic group.

I also possess several undescribed species in my collection,

28 My. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of new. genera

Genus APOROCERA, Saunders.

Proc. Ent. Soc. 1843, p. 54.

Corpus elongatum, parallelum, subcylindricum. Caput

thoraci insertum; oculis magnis, paullo prominulis, ova-

libus, intus profunde angulatim emarginatis; antennis

robustis, fusiformibus, articulis primo ovato, secundo brevi,

his glabris, nitidis; ceteris imcrassatis, dense hirsutis.

Thorax convexus, dorso leviter gibbosus; lateribus

integris, late marginatis, margine postico utrinque obliquo,

lobo basali truneato. Scutellum trigonatum, apice trun-

eatum. Klytra thorace sequilata, lateribus ante medium

valde lobatis; dorso circa scutellum abrupte elevata, stri-

atim punctata. Pedes robusti, mediocres; wnguiculis

basi ierassatis. Prosternum planum, margine antico

deflexo; margine postico truncato.

Type, Aporocera apicalis, Saunders.

The specimen of A. apicalis, from which I have drawn

up the above characters, is a @; Mr. Saunders’ type

specimen, now in the Hopeian cabinet, has been kindly

examined for me by Professor Westwood, who finds that

it also belongs to the same sex. ‘The types of A. bicolor

and chalybea, both described from Mr. Hope’s collection,

are now unfortunately missing; but judging from the

figure and descriptions given by Saunders, they are very

nearly allied to A. apicalis, and belong, without doubt, to

the same generic group. The fourth species, A. Cato-

xantha, Saunders, is an Idiocephala.

Genus CHARIDERMA.

Corpus oblongo-elongatum,. subeylindricum. Caput

thoraci insertum; oculis ovalibus, intus profunde angu-

latim emarginatis; antennis ad oculos proxime insertis,

corpore equilongis, articulis 3tio ad 6tum compressis et

dilatatis, 7to compresso, minus dilatato, quatuor ultimis

cylindricis, non dilatatis. Thorax convexus, lateribus

integris, ante apicem sinuatis. Scutellum trigonatum,

apice elevato, truncato, basi bilobatum. Zlytra thoracis

basi paullo latiora, parallela, lateribus ante medium modice

lobatis ; supra convexa, circa scutellum modice elevata,

punctato-striata. Pedes modice elongati, unguiculis basi

incrassatis. Prosternum transverso-quadratum, postice

and spectes of Cryptocephalide. 29

paullo ampliatum, margine antico paullo producto, oblique

deflexo, margine postico bilobato.

The type of this new genus isa ?, the ¢ being unknown

to me, but the dilatation of the intermediate joimts of the

antennez (so unusual in the female sex) justifies, in my

opinion, its separation from Jdiocephala, and its erection

into a distinct generic form,

Chariderma pulchella.

Oblongo-elongata, lete fulva, nitida, antennis (annulo

albido ante apicem excepto), pectore lateribus et postice,

abdomine, tibiis tarsisque nigris; thorace convexo, utrinque

oblique suleato et pone sulcum leviter elevato, fere im-

punctato, vitté mediali et utrinque macula rotundata

prope marginem positaé nigris; scutello basi nigro-margi-

nato; elytris punctato-striatis, utrisque macula oblonga,

supra callum humerale posita, nigra, instructis.

Long. 43 lin.

Hab.—W estern Australia.

Face excavated between the eyes; vertex finely rugose-

punctate; clypeus trigonate; antennee equal to the body in

length, black, the eighth and the ninth joints (the apex of

the latter excepted) yellowish-white ; the basal one incras-

sate, subclavate, the second short, the third to the sixth

joints compressed and dilated; the third elongate, gra-

dually increasing in width on either side nearly to the

apex; the fourth and fifth equal in length, narrowed at

the base, each shorter than the third, the sixth still shorter,

less broadly dilated; the seventh two-thirds the length of

the preceding joint, only moderately thickened and com-

pressed; four following joints cylindrical, nearly equal in

length, each shorter than the seventh. Thorax twice as

broad at the base as long; sides slightly diverging at the

extreme base, thence obliquely converging to the apex,

lateral margin entire, sinuate before the middle; upper

surface transversely convex, obliquely impressed on either

side behind the middle, the space behind the sulcate por-

tion thickened. Scutellum wedge-shaped, its apex trun-

cate, its base bilobate and overlapping the basal lobe of

the thorax; the basal border narrowly edged with black.

Elytra slightly broader than the thorax, punctate-striate,

the interspaces smooth, impunctate.

30 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

Genus OCHROSOPSIS, Saunders.

Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1842, p. 56.

Chloroplisma, Dicenopsis, Idiocephala, pars, Saunders ;

Cryptocephalus, pars, Suffrian.

Corpus oblongum, anguste oblongum aut elongatum,

subcylindricum. Caput thoraci insertum, perpendiculare ;

oculis ovalibus, intus profunde angulatim emarginatis;

antennis filiformibus, articulis exterioribus seepe leviter

compressis et dilatatis, rarius abrupte incrassatis ¢. Tho-

rax convexus, lateribus integris. Scutellum subquadratum

aut subtrigonatum, apice late truncato. Elytra thoracis

basi fere equilata, circa scutellum abrupte incrassata,

lateribus ante medium modice lobatis. Pedes mediocres,

unguiculis basi incrassatis. Prosternum elongatum, ob-

longum aut subquadratum, margine antico plerumque

deflexo; margine postico bilobato aut sinuato, interdum

obtuse truncato aut rotundato.

This genus includes many of the species described by

Saunders under Idiocephala, also (at any rate for the

present) his genus Mitocera. Mitocera viridipennis,

Saunders, recently redescribed by Dr. Chapuis under the

name of Crypt. perlongus, differs from the majority of the

species chiefly in the slender antenne, longer than the

body in either sex, in the elongate prosternum, rounded

at its hinder apex, and combined with these in its narrow

elongate body.

Ochrosopsis erudita.

Hlongata, subcylindrica, lete rufo-fulva, nitida, vertice,

antennis, scutello, tibiis apice tarsisque nigris; thorace

utrinque pone medium oblique impresso, rude punctato ;

elytris metallico-viridibus, profunde substriatim punctatis,

utrisque vitta obliqua, prope medium posita et ad suturam

confluenta, conjunctis literam V simulantibus, rufo-fulva

ornatis.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab.—South Australia.

Head rugose-punctate, excavated between the eyes;

vertex, canthi and antenneze black; these latter with the

third joint slender, elongate, the fourth two-thirds the

length of the third, the fifth nearly equal to the third,

shghtly thickened, sixth and seventh compressed and

dilated (the others are broken off). Thorax twice as broad

and species of Cryptocephalide. 31

at the base as long, sides nearly straight, and parallel from

the base nearly to the middle, thence obliquely converging

to the apex; above convex, coarsely but not closely punc-

tured, obliquely excavated on either side behind the

middle, the puncturing finer on the centre of the disk.

Scutellum subquadrate, its basal margin bilobate. Elytra

not broader than the base of the thorax; sides parallel,

moderately lobed before the middle ; upper surface coarsely

and deeply punctured ; interspaces thickened, transversely

elevate-reticulate ; near the apex, close to the suture, are

several short, raised vittee. Prosternum rather longer than

broad, its apical border produced, deflexed, thickened on

either side, and separated from the anterior episternum by

a deep notch; hinder margin obtusely bilobed.

Genus IpIOCEPHALA, Saunders.

Trans. Ent. Soc. 1845, p. 142, pars; Aporocera, pars.

Corpus anguste subquadrato-oblongum, valde con-

vexum. Caput in thoracem insertum; oculis ovalibus,

intus triangulariter emarginatis ; antennis corpore longi-

oribus ¢, articulis 5to ad 1lum spe compressis et modice

incrassatis; antennis corpore brevioribus &, articulis sex

ultimis plus minusve compressis et dilatatis. Thorax

conyexus, dorso subgibbosus, lateribus marginatis, mar-

eine postico utrinque sinuato, lobo basali truncato. Seutel-

lum trigonatum. Elytra basi thoracis wquilata, pone

medium szepe constricta, lobis epipleuralibus valde pro-

ductis. Pedes graciles, modice elongati, simplices; wngui-

culis basi incrassatis. Prosternum planum aut leviter

concayum, margine antico deflexo, margine postico obtuse

truncato, interdum leviter sinuato.

This genus is formed on a group of species pecu-

liar to. Australia, of which S. speciosa, Boisduval, and

catoxantha, Saunders, may be considered as types; the

latter species, as before stated, was placed by Mr. Saunders

(although with doubt) in Aporocera. C. chrysomelinus,

condensatus, fraternalis, gracilis and eumolpus, insects

recently described by Dr. Chapuis, also belong to the same

generic group. IJdiocephala flaviventris and rugosa, Saun-

ders, also enter into it. The peculiar constriction of the

hinder half of the elytra, exposing in many species the

sides of the upper surface of the abdomen, together with

the strongly produced epipleural lobes, at once distinguish

Idiocephala trom Ochrosopsis.

32 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

Genus Myuassa, Stal.

Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh. 1857, p. 60; Cryptocephalus,

pars, Suffr,

Corpus oblongum aut elongato-oblongum, parallelum,

convexum, pube tenui vestitum. Caput thoraci insertum ;

oculis ovatis, intus vix sinuatis; antennis filiformibus,

articulis quatuor ultimis é interdum dilatatis. Thorax

convexus, margine postico non serrulato, medio in lobum

validum, apice crassum, liberum, scutelli basin obtegente,

retrorsum producto. Scutellum subcordatum aut trigo-

natum, apice acutum. lytra thoraci equilata, punc-

tato-striata, lobis epipleuralibus modice productis. Pedes

robusti, antici ¢ modice elongati; femoribus (preesertim

maris) incrassatis; tibi’s anticis maris sepe apice incur-

vatisetincrassatis; wngutculis basiincrassatis. Prosternum

plerumque concavum, margine antico plerumque leviter

deflexo, margine postico obtuso aut obtuse angulato,

medio rarius obsolete sinuato; lateribus maris seepe spina

acut& armatis.

This remarkable form, characterized by Dr. Stal in the

year 1857, was subsequently merged by Suffrian into Cryp-

tocephalus. The absence of teeth on the hinder margin

of the thorax (a character made use of by Dr. Chapuis to

divide the family into Sections) requires its removal from

the position which Suffrian has assigned to it, and, taken

im conjunction with the raised thickened apex of the basal

thoracic lobe, the nearly entire eyes, and the pubescence

of the upper surface of the body, fully justifies its re-esta-

blishment as a genus.

Genus STEGNOCEPHALA,

Corpus breviter oblongum, postice paullo attenuatum,

valde convexum. Caput in thoracem insertum; oculis

magnis, elongatis, apice plus minusve approximantibus,

intus late emarginatis; antennis dimidio corporis fere

eequalibus, interdum paullo brevioribus, articulis ultimis

septem, aut rarius articulis ultimis sex paullo compressis

et dilatatis. Thorax transversus, convexus, apice subcylin-

dricus, margine basali utrinque sinuato, angulis posticis

retrorsum productis, acutis; lobo basali brevi, vix producto,

late truncato, bis-emarginato. Scutellum trigonatum.

Elytra basi thoracis eequilata, postice paullo attenuata ;

dorso conyexa, circa scutellum elevata, punctato-striata ;

and species of Cryptocephalide. 33

limbo inflexo ante medium dilatato, lobum distinctum for-

mante. Pedes breves, robusti; cozzs posticis distantibus ;

unguiculis basi incrassatis. Prosternum transversum, an-

tice transversim convexum, margine antico antrorsum pro-

ducto, interdum oblique deflexo; margine postico leviter

concayo-emarginato, angulis posticis paullo productis,

acutis; mesosternum breve, prosterno eequilatum, margine

postico bisinuato.

I have established the above generic group for the

reception of C. hemixanthus and other species of similar

habit included by Dr. Suffrian in Cryptocephalus, and

placed by him, in his Monograph of the South American

species, in the third section of that genus. Stegnocephala

presents a remarkable similarity to Monachus, from which

genus it is separated by the produced anterior border of

the prosternum, as well as by the larger size, larger eyes,

often contiguous at the apices in the ¢, and by the longer

antennee ; from Cryptocephalus it is distinguished by the

broad, very convex, Monachus-like form, the widely sepa-

rated hinder coxze and the strongly lobed* sides of the

elytra; also by the short, very transverse mesosternum,

the apex of which is bisinuate ; the antenne are shorter,

their six or seven outer jomts being usually thickened,

and forming a slender club. Cryptocephalus turgidus,

Suffrian, does not belong to the present genus.

Genus NYETRA.

Corpus oblongum, subcylindricum, pube adpressa dense

vestitum. Caputthoraci insertum, perpendiculare; oculis

parvis, remotis, subrotundatis, integris; mandibulis $

elongatis, basi intus lobatis, apice curvatis; mandibulis

? non elongatis; clypeo $ antice in lobum oblongum pro-

ducto; clypeo 2 antice emarginato, non producto; anten-

nis corporis dimidio multo brevioribus, gracilibus; articulis

primo elongato, paullo incrassato, secundo brevi, tertio ad

sextum gracilibus, fere filiformibus, quinque ultimis leviter

incrassatis. Thorax elytris equilatus, basi utrinque bisi-

nuatus, lobo basali producto, apice emarginato. Scutellum

* The lateral lobes on the anterior half of the elytra are formed in the

present genus by the dilatation of the inflexed limb ; in Zdiocephala, Apo-

rocera, &c., they are formed principally by an extension of the upper

surface of the elytra.

TRANS. ENT. 80C. 1877.—PARTI. (APR.) D

34 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

parvum, apice non clevato. lytra striatim punctata.

Pedes vobusti, breves; unguiculis appendiculatis. Pro-

sternum planum, latitudine fere duplo longior ¢ ; latitudini

eequilongum 2; apice postico in utroque sexu concayo-

emarginato, angulis posticis acutis.

This singular genus, remarkable for the prolongation of

the parts of the mouth and of the lower portion of the face

in the 3, recalls to mind the males of some species of

Clythride. Nyetra may be known from Scaphodius by

the concave hinder margin of the prosternum; from

Elaphodes, by the more rotundate, entire eyes.

Nyetra forcipata.

Breviter oblonga, subcylindrica, picea, sat dense griseo-

sericea, antennis extrorsum nigris; thorace crebre punc-

tato; elytris punctato-striatis, imterstitiis crebre punctatis.

Mas.— Clypeo antrorsum in lobum oblongum producto ;

mandibulis elongatis, forcipatis, basi intus lobatis.

Foam.—Clypeo antrorsum non producto; mandibulis

non elongatis.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab.—New Caledonia.

Head rather coarsely punctured ; eyes rotundate, entire ;

antennee slender, equal to half the length of the body in

the ¢, rather shorter in the 2; basal joimt elongate,

slightly thickened, extending to the outer margin of the

eye in the 6, shorter in the ?; second ovate, following

three subfiliform, each about one-half longer than the

second, six outer joints slightly thickened and com-

pressed. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long at the

base; sides entire, obtusely rounded in the ¢, rounded and

converging from base to apex in the @; hinder margin

bisinuate on either side, basal lobe produced, angulate, its

apex broadly notched to receive the base of the scutellum ;

above convex, rather strongly and closely punctured. Scu-

tellum small, ovate. Elytra not broader than the thorax,

slightly attenuated towards the apex, the latter partially

covering the pygydium, the sides before the middle only

moderately lobed; above convex, punctate-striate, and the

interspaces closely punctured; callus scarcely thickened.

Anterior pair of legs in the male slightly more elongate

and more robust than the other pairs.

and species of Cryptocephalide. 35

Genus PRAsonotus, Suftrian.

Prasonotus ruficaudis.

Late oblongus, parallelus, subcylindricus, nitidus, subtus

niger, abdominis apice pedibusque rufis; supra obscure

metallico-cyaneus, viridi-micans, antennis rufo-fulvis, apice

nigvris.

Long. 24 lin.

Hab.—New South Wales.

Head subopaque, vertex rather closely impressed with

distinct, oblong punctures; in the middle is a longitudinal

depression. Clypeus coarsely punctured; labrum pale

fulvous; jaws black, three outer joints of antennz also

black. Thorax twice as broad as long at the base; sides

rather broadly margined, rounded and conyerging from

base to apex, sinuate behind the middle, the hinder angles

very acute ; upper surface finely but not closely punctured,

the interspaces smooth. Elytra regularly punctate-striate ;

interspaces remotely impressed with fine punctures.

Prasonotus morbillosus.

Oblongus, parallelus, subcylindricus, niger, nitidus,

ceruleo vix micans; capite thoraceque subnitidis, sordide

rufis, hoe crebre punctato; antennis extrorsum piceis;

elytris metallico-ceruleis, viridi-micantibus, rude punc-

tatis, punctis in medio confuse dispositis et interspatiis

rugoso-elevatis ; punctis prope suturam et ad latera striatim

dispositis, interspatiis subcostatis.

Var. A. Capite thoraceque nigris.

Long. 24 lin.

Hab.—New South Wales ; Western Australia.

Head closely punctured, impressed on the vertex and

front with a shallow, longitudinal groove, the surface on

either side being slightly thickened; anterior border of

clypeus slightly sinuate; labrum fulvous; eyes and jaws

black. Thorax with its sides rounded and converging

from base to apex, narrowly margined; upper surface con-

vex, closely and coarsely punctured, with the exception

of the space in front of the basal lobe, which is smooth

and nearly impunctate; interspaces, except on the

basal lobe, thickened and forming irregular, longitudinal

strigee; hinder margin of thorax narrowly edged with black.

Elytra not broader than the thorax, rather strongly lobed

at the base; strongly punctured, the puncturing arranged

36 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera, &c.

in regular strize near the suture, near the outer margin,

and at the apex; on the anterior two-thirds of the middle

disk they are arranged irregularly, their interspaces being

elevate-rugose; those between the strize being subcostate.

The broader form, together with the coarser punctuation

of the whole surface, and also the irregular arrangement of

the punctures on the middle disk of the elytra, will at once

separate this species from P. submetallescens.

Genus DioryctTus, Suftrian.

Dioryctus Mouhoti.

Subrotundatus, valde convexus, castaneus, nitidus,

subtus (pectore excepto) fulvo-piceus, antennis extrorsum

piceis; thorace levi; elytris punctato-striatis, interspatiis

leevibus.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab.—Mountains of Laos, Siam.

Lower portion of face finely and closely punctured,

vertex smooth, impunctate; seven outer joints of antennze

piceous, the four lower ones fulvous; labrum pale fulvous ;

jaws black. Thorax smooth and shining, faintly impressed

with remote punctures, visible only under a deep lens.

Elytra regularly punctate-striate, the interspaces smooth,

impunctate.

Nearly allied to D. grandis, but it is more rotundate

and only one-third the size. D. Lewisii, described by

me in my paper on Japanese Phytophaga, belongs to

Dr. Chapuis’ genus Atropidius.

Gis

IV. Descriptions of new species of Phytophagous Beetles

belonging to the family Eumolpide ; and a Mono-

graph of the genus Eumolpus. By Josery 58.

Baty, F.L.8., &c.

[Read 7th February, 1877. ]

Genus Co.aspis, Fabr.

Colaspis Lefevret.

EKlongata, convexa, purpureo-metallica, seepe eneo-tincta,

subnitida, subtus nitida, supra sat crebre punctata; tho-

racis lateribus tridentatis; antennis extrorsum nigris,

pedibus metallico-viridibus.

Var. B. Corpore toto viridi-metallico.

Long. 5—6 lin.

Hab.—Banks of the Amazon, collected by Mr. Bates.

Vertex rather strongly but not closely punctured, front

impressed with a longitudinal groove; clypeus subtrigo-

nate, more closely and finely punctured than the front;

lower portion of face metallic green, with a brassy reflec-

tion, labrum and palpi pale fulvous; eyes oval, slightly

sinuate within; antenne filiform, nearly equal to the

body in the ¢, rather shorter in the ¢; basal joint

thickened, ovate, and, together with the fourth, metallic

green, second and third, together with the apex of the

first, obscure fulvous, stained with metallic green; four

or five outer joints black; all the joints from the third to

the apical one nearly equal in length, compressed but not

dilated. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, sides

rounded, the apical angle acute, curved slightly outwards,

lateral margin tridenticulate. Scutellum metallic green,

semioblong-ovate, its apex acute, its disk smooth, im-

punctate. Elytra broader than the thorax, oblong ; sides

parallel, their apices subacutely rounded; above convex,

scarcely excavated below the basilar space; surface covered,

as well as that of the thorax, with coarse round punctures;

interspaces towards the apex irregularly thickened. Basal

joint of anterior tarsus dilated in the male, oblong-oyate.

TRANS. ENT, SOC. 1877.—PART I. (APR.)

38 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

Genus Nopostoma, Motsch.

Nodostoma magnificum.

Oblongo-ovatum, convexum, cxruleo-metallicum, viridi-

tinctum,supra cupreo-aureum; antennisnigris, basi czeruleis;

thorace subcrebre punctato; elytris regulariter punctato-

striatis, striis sulcatis, interspatiis sub lente minute punc-

tatis, convexis, ad latera costatis, limbo inflexo viridi-

metallico.

Long. 6 lin.

Hab.—Madagascar ; in my own cabinet, and also in

the British Museum collection.

Head rather closely punctured; clypeus brassy green,

transverse, its apical border truncate, not distinctly

separated from the face, its anterior margin concave-

emarginate; upper face impressed between the eyes with

an oblong fovea; labrum and jaws black; antenne half

the length of the body, five lower joints metallic blue, the

rest black, densely clothed with short velvety hairs.

Thorax nearly twice as broad at the base as long; sides

straight and only very slightly converging at the base,

rounded and converging in front; all the angles armed with

a subacute tooth. Scutellum semioblong-ovate, its surface

concave, impressed with a few scattered punctures. LHlytra

broader than the thorax, their sides parallel, the apex regu-

larly rounded; above convex, not excavated below the

basilar space, the humeral callus moderately prominent.

Four anterior thighs armed beneath with a small tooth, the

hinder pair unarmed ; apices of anterior tibie thickened

and slightly recurved.

Nodostoma tricolor.

Late ovatum, valde convexum, viridi-zeneum, nitidum,

antennis (basi fulva excepté) nigris; subtus nigrum,

thoracis lateribus pectoreque obscure viridi-metallicis ;

femoribus (basi et apice exceptis) rufis; thorace subremote

punctato, lateribus pone medium angulatis, dente brevi

armatis; elytris regulariter punctato-striatis, interstitiis

planis.

Var. B. Corpore supra purpureo, ceeteris ut in typo.

Long. 23—3 lin.

flab. Siam Var. B. Pachybourt; collected by the

late M. Mouhot.

new species of Eumolpide. 39

Head coarsely but not very closely punctured, vertex

and front rugulose; clypeus wedge-shaped, its apical

margin obsolete, its anterlor margin concaye-emarginate,

edged with black, cheeks and jaws also black ; four lower

jomts of antenne, together with the palpi, fulvous.

Thorax twice as broad as long; sides angulate a short

distance in front of the base and armed with a short acute

tooth ; thence obliquely converging and rounded to the

apex, all the angles furnished with an obtuse tubercle ;

disk moderately convex, subremotely punctured ; anterior

margin thickened, smooth and shining, bordered within by

a single row of punctures. Scutellum wedge-shaped, its

apex “obtusely angulate. Elytra much broader at the base

than the thorax; sides converging from the base towards

the apex, the latter rounded ; * above very convex, exca-

vated below the basilar space, the latter thickened, the

humeral callus very prominent; surface punctate-striate,

the punctures much finer towards the apex; interspaces

smooth, impunctate. Thighs each armed beneath with a

small spine.

WNodostoma Dormeri.

Breviter oblongo-ovatum, convexum, sordide rufum,

subnitidum, antennis (basi excepta), mandibulis, tibiis

tarsisque nigris; capite thoraceque crebre punctatis; ely-

tris late viridi-metallicis, nitidis, punctato- striatis, striis

ad apicem fere deletis; utrisque intra marginem vitta

elevata, basi sinuata; callo humerali valde elevato.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab.—India ; collected by Lord Dormer. :

Head coarsely and closely punctured, rugose-punctate

on the clypeus, the latter not separated from the upper

face ; four lower joints of antennz rufous, the rest black.

Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides very obtusely

angled behind the middle; angles acute; surface coarsely

punctured, a narrow space ¢ along the middle of the apical

border slightly thickened, smooth and shining, impunc-

tate. Scutellum bluish-black. Elytra broadly oblong,

each transversely excavated below the basilar space, the

humeral callus strongly raised; surface distinctly punctate-

striate, the puncturing much ‘finer below the middle and

nearly obsolete at the apex; on each elytron near the outer

border is a coarse longitudinal costa, which, commencing’

at the lower end of the humeral callus, extends downw ards

40 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of

as far as the commencement of the apical third of the

elytron ; the anterior half of the costa is flexuose. Thighs

thickened, subampulate, hinder pair armed beneath with a

small tooth ; extreme bases of all the tibiee piceous.

Nodostoma Bevant.

Breviter ovatum, valde convexum, nitidum, subtus

obscure viridi-zeneum, supra aureum, antennis (basi fulva

excepta) nigris; capite thoraceque subcrebre punctatis ;

elytris anguste viridi-metallico-limbatis, infra basin vix

transversim depressis, distincte punctato-striatis, striis ad

apicem distinctis; callo humerali prominenti.

Long. 24 lin.

HHab.—Southern India; collected by Lieutenant Bevan.

Clypeus not separated from the face, its anterior border

angulate-emarginate; front impressed with a shallow

fovea ; four lower joints of antenne fulvous, the rest black.

Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, sides rounded and

converging from base to apex, all the angles acute; sur-

face rather more coarsely punctured than the head. Scu-

tellum broader than long, smooth, metallic green. Elytra

broader than the thorax at the base; sides converging

towards the apex, the latter broadly rounded; surface

faintly impressed below the basilar space, the humeral

callus prominent; the punctate strize distinct for their

whole length, but less deeply impressed towards the apex.

Thighs ampulate, hinder pair armed beneath with a minute

tooth.

Genus Ruyparipa, Baly.*

fthyparida formosa.

Anguste oblongo-ovata, convexa, rufo-testacea, nitida,

antennis (basi excepta) tarsisque nigris; elytris viridi-

* Dr, Chapuis, in re-establishing Pyropida, merged by me into Rhy-

parida, and in combining this latter genus with Metachroma, has made

a singular error. He says, that in Metachroma CGncluding Rhyparida)

the second and third joints of the antenne are nearly equal in length,

whilst in Pyropida (which he restores to generic rank) the second joint

is one-half shorter than the third. This is strictly true, when applied to

the species of Metachroma proper, but in Rhyparida, of which genus

I possess a very long series of species, the second joint is always short, and

scarcely ever exceeds half the length of the third.

new species of Eumolpide. 4]

metallicis, -reeulariter punctato-striatis, striis ad apicem

minus fortiter punctatis.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab.—New Hebrides.

Head smooth, remotely punctured; clypeus semiovate,

its apical border obsolete; three lower jomts of antennz

rufo-fulvous, the rest black ; jaws nigro-piceous. Thorax

not broader than long; sides regularly rounded, converging

at base and apex, all the angles acute; disk remotely punc-

tured. Elytra much broader than the thorax, oblong,

sides parallel, apex subacutely rounded; above convex,

not excavated below the basilar space, the humeral callus

moderately prominent; surface distinctly punctate-striate,

the strize less strongly impressed on the hinder disk; in-

terspaces plane, impunctate.

Rthyparida Howitit.

Anguste oblongo-ovata, sordide rufa, subnitida, subtus

nitida, genubus, tibiis apice, tarsis, pectore abdomineque

piceis ; antennis (basi excepta) nigris; elytris punctato-

striatis, viridi-metallicis.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab.— Australia.

Head minutely granulose; clypeus not distinctly sepa-

rated from the face, its apex rounded, its anterior border

edged with piceous, deeply notched ; surface distinctly but

not closely punctured; vertex very minutely punctured,

the punctures remote ; upper face impressed with a longi-

tudinal sulcation, which extends upwards from the apex

of the clypeus; apices of jaws black ; four lower joints of

antennz rufo-fulvous, the rest black. Thorax twice as

broad as long, sides nearly parallel at the base, thence

rounded and converging to the apex, all the angles acute ;

above moderately convex, minutely granulose, impressed

with very fine, scattered punctures, only visible under a

lens. Elytra oblong, their sides parallel, their apices

regularly rounded; above convex, faintly excavated below

the basilar space, the humeral callus moderately promi-

nent; surface strongly punctate-striate, less strongly im-

pressed posteriorly ; interspaces plane, faintly convex near

the apex.

The different form of the thorax will at once separate

the present from the preceding species.

42 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

Genus SCELODONTA, Westwood. ~

Scelodonta albidovittata.

Ovata, valde convexa, rufo-cuprea, nitida, subtus (pedi-

bus exceptis) cuprea, abdominis vittis duabus, thorace epi-

pleurisque dense albido-pilosis; thorace transversim irregu-

lariter elevato-strigoso, vittis tribus é pilis adpressis albidis

ornato; elytris convexis, rude striatim punctatis, spatio

infra scutellum excavato, confuse punctato; interspatiis

elevatis, ad apicem costatis, basi irregulariter elevato-reti-

culatis; utrisque vittis (circa 5) ¢ pilis adpressis albidis

porrectis instructis.

Long. 24 lin.

Hab.—South Africa, Damara Land.

Head sparingly clothed with white adpressed hairs;

vertex coarsely rugose, lower face and clypeus coarsely

but not closely punctured, the latter narrowly wedge-

shaped, its apex obsolete, its anterior border tri-emargi-

nate, the centre notch angular, finely denticulate; surface

plane, deeply excavated in front ; labrum and jaws black ;

palpi zeneous; antennee with the two lower joints cupreous,

the following three eneous, the rest black. Thorax about

_ one-third broader than long, subcylindrical, flattened above,

longitudinally excavated along the median line; sides

rounded and diverging from the base to behind the middle,

thence obliquely converging and slightly rounded towards

the apex, the apex itself more quickly rounded; above closely

covered with coarse, transverse, irregularly anastomosing

raised strige; general surface sparingly clothed with fine,

adpressed, white hairs; on the disk are three longitudinal

rows of coarser adpressed hairs. Scutellum not longer

than broad, pentangular, the three upper angles slightly

produced, acute. lytra broadly oblong, slightly nar-

rowed towards the apex, the latter rounded ; above con-

vex, humeral callus prominent, obtuse; surface coarsely

punctate-striate, the interspaces thickened, costate on the

sides and apex; just below the scutellum is a small, exca-

vated, irrecularly punctured space; on each elytron are

four or five longitudinal rows, formed of adpressed, white

hairs, the second and third rows from the suture confluent

at the apex. Thighs each armed beneath with an acute

spine; apices of four hinder tibize only slightly emarginate.

The thorax beneath, the sides of the pectus and two longi-

tudinal rows on the abdomen densely clothed with ad-

pressed hairs, rest of the surface only sparingly pubescent.

new species of Eumolpide. 43

Scelodonta bidentata.

Ovata, valde convexa, viridi-metallica, nitida, supra

minus nitida, capite pedibusque cupreis, femoribus viridi-

tinctis, subtus dente parvo armatis; antennis extrorsum

nigris; thorace cupreo-tincto, rude punctato, interstitiis

disci transversim elevato-reticulatis; elytris rude rugoso-

punctatis, interspatiis longitudinaliter costatis, costis cupreo-

tinctis; utrisque elytris calle humerali plaga aque trigonata

male definita, prope medium posité, a margine exteriori

fere ad suturam extensa, obscure cupreis.

Long. 4 lin.

Hab.— Old. Calabar.

Whole upper surface of body granulose. Head rugose,

front impressed with a longitudinal groove; lower portion

of face coppery red; eyes very prominent; clypeus cam-

panulate, its anterior margin produced into two stout

acute teeth, the apices of which are black; antennee with

the six outer jomts thickened and compressed, black;

five lower joints obscure cupreous. Thorax transverse,

its sides regularly rounded; anterior margin narrowly

edged with rufo-cupreous. Scutellum slightly broader

than long, pentangular, its apical angle obtuse. LElytra

much broader at the base than the thorax, broadly oblong,

narrowed towards the apex, the latter subacutely rounded;

upper surface sparingly clothed at the sides with very short

hairs.

The only two specimens that I have seen of this insect

have apparently been much dulled by long immersion in

spirits.

Genus Psrupoco.aspis, Laporte.

Pseudocolaspis rigida.

Ovata, valde convexa, cuprea, nitida, sparse albido-

setosa, pedibus obscure nigro- cupreis; antennis brevibus,

ad. apicem incrassatis, nigris; thorace ovali-globoso, rugoso,

crebre et rude punctato, setulis brevibus erectis ve estito:

elytris thorace_latioribus, setis albidis suberectis rigidis

vestitis, subcordatis, convexis, infra basin vix depressis,

fortiter striatim punctatis, callo humerali valde prominenti;

femoribus subtus spina acuta armatis.

Long. 1} lin.

Hab.—Guinea (Camaroons).

Head granulose, covered with irregular longitudinal

44 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of

strige, interspaces between the strige: sparingly punc-

tured; antennze equal in length to the head and thorax,

five upper joints thickened, the sixth obconic, the following

three turbinate, the apical jomt ovate, its apex acute ;

basal joint cupreous, the following three obscure piceous,

the rest black. Thorax longer than broad, sparingly

clothed with short, erect, rigid hairs, globose-ovate,

sides slightly converging in front; upper surface trans-

versely depressed below the apex, closely covered with large

deep punctures, their interstices irregularly thickened.

Scutellum oblong-quadrate, its apex concave, the apical

angles slightly produced, acute. Hlytra much broader

than the thorax, subcordate; above convex, transversely

depressed below the base, humeral callus strongly elevated,

compressed ; surface clothed with rigid white hairs, which

are rather more scattered, longer and rather iess erect than

those on the thorax; strongly punctate-striate, the punc-

turing finer towards the apex, interspaces smooth and

shining, faintly rugulose on the basal depression, slightly

convex towards the apex; on the basal half of the outer

disk, below the shoulder and on the outer margin, the

interspaces are more distinctly thickened. Body beneath

clothed with white hairs, those on the coarsely punctured

breast, long, depressed. Abdomen smooth and shining,

remotely punctured, its pubescence very short, scattered

and suberect.

Pseudocolaspis eximia.

Ovata, valde convexa, late cuprea, nitida, pube albida

vestita, supra viridi-metallica ; antennis basi cupreis, ex-

trorsum nigris; thorace rude punctato, interstitis trans-

versim elevato-reticulatis; elytris limbo exteriori cupreo,

rude punctatis, punctis basi confuse, ad apicem striatim

dispositis, interspatiis apicem versus convexis, subcostatis;

femoribus subtus bispinosis.

_ Long. 2% lin.

Hab.— West Coast of Africa.

Head rugose, very sparingly clothed with fine suberect

hairs; clypeus not separated from the face; antennez

rather longer than the head and thorax, six basal joints

cupreous, the rest thickened, black. Thorax about one-

fourth broader than long, sides rounded, converging in

front ; above subcylindrical, flattened on the disk, coarsely

punctured, interstices transversely elevate-reticulate; sur-

new species of Eumolpide. 45

face sparingly clothed with suberect pubescence. Scu-

tellum semirotundate, sides thickened, impunctate, the

apex notched; surface concave, coarsely and closely punc-

tured. Elytra much broader than the thorax, broadly

oblong, slightly narrowed towards the apex; above convex,

transversely excavated below the basilar space, the latter

slightly thickened; humeral callus elevated, obtuse; surface

sparingly clothed with somewhat coarse suberect hairs,

coarsely punctured, the puncturing irregular at the base,

arranged in longitudinal strize towards the apex, inter-

spaces at the base thickened, elevate-reticulate behind the

middle, thickened and subcostate. Intermediate pair of

tibie thickened and flexuose at the apex, hinder tibiz

armed at the apex with a long acute spine,

Genus Eumourus, Weber.

I have here made an attempt to monograph the genus

Eumolpus. For some years past I have been accumu-

lating materials for the purpose, my own cabinet having

been formed from the collections of the late A. Deyrolle,

H. W. Bates, W. W. Saunders and others.

I am thus in possession of a long series of specimens

of several of the more variable species, without which it

would have been almost impossible to fix their specific

limits.

I have found colour of but slight use in separating

these insects, but have in many instances discovered

good characters in the form of the pro- and meso-sterna,

in the form and sculpturing of the apical segment of the

abdomen, and (in the male sex) the form of the telum,

or 6 organ.

Out of the ten species described, three have been pre-

viously characterized, and the rest are new.

LIst OF SPECIES.

Eumolpus ignitus, Fabr. Eumolpus imperialis, n. sp.

- separatus, n, sp. op speciosus, n. sp.

" nitidus, n. sp. is Batesii, n. sp.

surinamensis, Fabr. 2 carinatus, n. sp.

a9 australis, n. sp. ”» prasinus, Erichs.

46 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

Eumolpus ignitus, Fabr.

Mant. i. p. 68; Oliv. Ent. vi. p. 897, pl. i. fig. 1.

cupreus, Oliv. 1. ¢. p. 897, pl. 1. fig. 2.

fulgidus, Weber, Obs. Ent. p. 52.

alutaceus, Germ. Ins. Spec. Nov. p. 561.

Elongato-ovatus, postice attenuatus$, oblongo-ovatus ?,

convexus, nitidus, antennis extrorsum nigris; thorace

tenuiter, irregulariter punctato, lateribus a basi ad apicem

convergentibus; elytris convexis, callo humerali incrassato ;

sat crebre punctatis, interstitiis leevibus aut rugulosis; tibiis

anticis basi curvatis, deinde ad apicem fere rectis; prosterno

latitudine longiori, oblongo, postice ampliato, margine

postico concavo-emarginato, angulis posticis obtuse rotun-

datis 6, magis acutis ¢; mesosterno latitudine longiori,

apice dilatato, trilobato, apice ipso depresso; palporum

maxillarium articulis duobus ultimis conjunctim elongato-

ovatis.

Mas.—Abdominis segmento ultimo apice obtuse trun-

eato, dorso fovea subrotundata, transversa, medio plerum-

que vitta elevata divisa, sat profunde impresso; ¢elo brevi,

abrupte curvato, apice obtuse rotundato, medio dente brevi

acuto armato ; subtus submembranaceo.

Foem.—Abdominis segmento ultimo obtuse rotundato,

apice integro.

A. Corpus metallico-viridis aut aneus, seepe ceruleo-tinctus,

a, Elytris concoloribus.

b. Elytris aureis aut viridi-aureis, interdum viridi-marginatis.

c. Elytris metallico-violaceis, purpureo-tinctis.

B. Corpus metallico-purpureus aut ceruleus.

a, Elytris metallico-viridibus aut seneis aut aureis, interdum viridi-

marginatis.

b. Elytris metallico-violaceis.

Long. 7—11 hin.

Hab.—Bvrazil, Cayenne, Bogota.

Head punctured, finely granulose; clypeus not longer

than broad, sides obliquely narrowed from the front towards

the apex; apical margin usually obsolete, when present

visible only at the sides, transverse; antennze moderately

robust, not thickened towards the apex in either sex; third

joint distinctly longer than the fourth ; labrum and jaws

black. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, sides con-

verging from base to apex, nearly straight behind the

middle, rounded in front, all the angles acute; upper sur-

new species of Eumolpide. 47

face finely and irregularly but not very closely punctured ;

interspaces smooth and shining, sometimes finely granu-

lose and subopaque. Scutellum semioblong-ovate. Elytra

much broader than the thorax, oblong ; above very conyex,

the humeral callus strongly thickened ; surface rather

closely punctured, interspaces sometimes smooth and

shining, and only impressed with a few minute punctures;

in other specimens distinctly rugose, every stage being

found between the two extremes. Legs robust.

This variable species is apparently very abundant in

Brazil, and from its large size and brilliant colours has

attracted the notice of most collectors. I have received it,

although less commonly, from Cayenne and other parts of

South America. Its elytra are, as a rule, more coarsely

ees than in any other species of the genus; the

V-form of the abdominal fovea, which is not produced to

the outer margin of the segment, together with the short

telum, will distinguish the $ from the same sex of #. fulgidus

and allied species; the $¢ may be separated by the peculiar

form of its prosternum.

Eumolpus separatus.

Oblong o-ovatus, convexus, metallico-purpureus, nitidus,

supra subopacus, antennis nigris; thorace elytrisque

tenuissime punctatis, prosterno longitudini fere squilato,

postice amplhiato, margine postico vix concavo-emarginato,

-angulis posticis acutis, apice obtusis; mesosterno ‘atitu-

dine longi giori, apice trilobato, lobis lateralibus parvis, lobo

apicali brevi, lato, obtuse truncato; tibiis anticis leviter

curvatis; palporum maxillarium articulis duobus apicalibus

Top arce ovatis, apice obtuso; antennis robustis, articulis

quinque ultimis distincte incrassatis, 3tio ad 5tum inter

se fere eequilongis.

Mas.—Ahbdominis segmento ultimo apice obtuse trun-

cato, dorso fovea subrotundata, marginem non attingente,

sat profunde impresso; telo brevi, abrupte curvato, apice

obtuse- aut subovato-rotundato, dente brevi armato.

Fom.—Abdominis segmento ultimo apice integro, dorso

leviter transversim impresso.

Hab.—La Plata, Monte Video, also Brazil (Espirito

Santo).

Var. A. Corpore supra viridi-olivaceo, metallico.

Head subremotely punctured, finely granulose; clypeus

subcampanulate, its apex broadly obsolete; antenne

48 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

robust, the third, fourth and fifth joints equal in length;

five upper joints slightly thickened. ‘Thorax nearly twice

as broad as long, sides rounded and converging from base

to apex, less distinctly rounded behind the middle, all the

angles acute; upper surface finely granulose, minutely but

not closely punctured. Scutellum semiovate, nitidous.

HKlytra broader than the thorax, convex, the humeral

callus prominent; surface minutely granulose, reticulate-

strigose, finely but not closely punctured.

This insect, which at first sight might be taken for

a small opaque variety of KH. tgnitus, is separated from

that species by the different shape of the apex of the

prosternum. The telum in the ¢ is also different in

form.

Eumolpus nitidus.

Anguste oblongo-ovatus, convexus, viridi-zeneus, nitidus,

antennis purpureis, extrorsum nigris; thorace longitudine

duplo latiori, lateribus rotundatis, basi fere parallelis, an-

tice convergentibus ; disco granuloso, suberebre punc-

tato; elytris thorace paullo latioribus, oblongis, sat crebre

punctatis; prosterno postice longitudine latiori, margine

postico leviter emarginato, angulis posticis acutis, apice

obtusis; mesosterno transverso, apice paullo dilatato, late

truncato ; tibiis anticis modice curvatis ; palporum articulo

penultimo ultimo longiori, cum illo conjunctim ovato.

Var. A. Metallico-purpureus, elytris viridi-zneis.

» Bb. Totus metallico-purpureus.

Mas.—Abdominis segmento ultimo apice late truncato,

dorso fovedé subrotundata, marginem non attingente pro-

funde impresso; telo brevi, abrupte curvato, apice angu-

lato, acuto.

Fem.—Abdominis segmento ultimo apice obtuse rotun-

dato, medio angulato-emarginato.

Long. 5—7 lin.

Hab.— Amazon, Cayenne.

Head granulose, finely but distinctly punctured, front

impressed with a faint, longitudinal groove; clypeus semi-

oblong-ovate, its apical suture broadly obsolete; labrum

and jaws black; antennze moderately robust, five outer

joints very slightly thickened, third distinctly longer than

the fourth. Thorax twice as broad as long; sides rounded,

subparallel at the base, converging in front, all the angles

acute; above transversely convex, sides deflexed in front,

new species of Eumolpide. 49

finely granulose, subnitidous, impressed rather closely with

fine but distinct punctures. Scutellum semioblong-ovate,

its apex rounded ; surface smooth, impressed near the apex

with a deep fovea. LElytra rather broader than the thorax,

sides parallel, slightly converging near the apex in the ¢;

above convex, distinctly punctured, interspaces finely but

not closely punctured, impressed here and there with fine

irregular strige: ; humeral callus moderately thickened,

very obtuse. Legs robust.

The ¢ of this species may be distinguished from E.

ignitus by its broader thorax, the different shape of the

abdominal fovea, and by the difference in the form of the

telum; the same characters, with the addition of the

closer punctuation of its upper surface, separate it from

i. surinamensis; the 2 is at once distinguished from

either by the emarginate apex of the last abdominal seg-

ment.

Eumolpus surinamensis, Fabr.

Syst. Ent. p. 96 (type in Brit. Mus.). Oliv. Ent. p. 898;

Chrysomela, pl. 1. fig. 4a, b.

Eumolpus fulgidus, Oliv. Entom. vi. p. 898, pl. i. fig. 3.

Elongato-ovatus, plerumque postice attenuatus ¢; ob-

longo-ovatus ? , convexus, viridi- aut ceruleo- aut purpureo-

metallicus, nitidus, antennis extrorsum nigris; thorace

lateribus basi rectis, antice rotundato-angustatis; disco

tenuissime punctato ; elytris minus crebre, tenuiter punc-

tatis; prosterno latitudine paullo longiori, ad apicem

ampliato, margine postico vix concavo, angulis posticis

acutis, apice obtusis; mesosterno longitudine vix latiori,

apice obtuso ; tibiis anticis leviter curvatis; palporum max-

illarium articulis duobus ultimis longitudine fere equalibus,

ultimo ovato compresso, antice attenuato, apice obtuso.

Mas.—Abdominis segmento ultimo apice truncato aut

leviter concavo-emarginato, fovea semiovata, marginem

attingente sat profunde impresso; te/o curvato, ad apicem

non ampliato, apice rotundato-ovato, acuto.

Foem.—Ahbdominis sezgmento ultimo obtuse rotundato,

apice seepe obsolete emarginato.

Long. 33—10 lin.

Hab.— Cayenne, Banks of the Amazon, Mexico,

Brazil.

Head finely and usually very remotely punctured, in

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART I. (APR.) E

50 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

some specimens the puncturing is rather closer; clypeus

rather longer than broad, sides converging from the front

towards the apex, curved, apical margin usually obsolete,

when present only visible on either, side, transverse; an-

tenn moderately robust, five upper joints slightly

thickened, third joint longer than the fourth, fourth and

fifth equal. Thorax about one-third broader than long,

sides rounded and converging in front; upper surface

remotely and very finely punctured; the puncturing varies

in density, being in some specimens nearly obsolete;

interspaces impressed with very minute punctures, visible

only under a deep lens. Scutellum trigonate-ovate.

Elytra oblong, slightly attenuated towards the apex in

the é, broader than the thorax; above convex, the humeral

callus prominent; surface finely but not very closely punc-

tured. Legs robust.

This species, which, like KH. ignitus, is very variable

in colour, is almost equally as common as that insect; it is

found over a large extent of the South American Con-

tinent, but its metropolis appears to be Cayenne and the

Amazon region.

It is smoother and more shining, and as a rule less

strongly punctured than F/. ignitus; the 3 is to be known

by the longer telum and by the difference in form of the

abdominal fovea. In the present insect the latter is pro-

duced to the apical margin of the segment; both sexes are

to be at once distinguished by the much less distinct emar-

gination of the hinder border of the prosternum.

Eumolpus australis.

Elongato-ovatus é, minus elongatus ¢, convexus, seneus,

viridi-purpureo micans, aut totus metallico-purpureus, niti-

dus, antennis purpureis, extrorsum nigris; thorace lateri-

bus rectis, fere parallelis, ad apicem rotundato-angustatis;

dorso convexo, subremote, tenuiter punctato; elytris dis-

tincte punctatis; prosterno latitudine longiori, postice

ampliato, margine postico vix concavo-emarginato, angulis

posticis acutis, apice obtusis; mesosterno latitudine paullo

longiori, apice paullo dilatato, obtuso, utrinque sinuato ;

pedibus robustis, tibiis anticis ¢ sat valde, ? leviter cur-

vatis; palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo penultimo

vix zquilongo, subovato.

Mas.—Abdominis segmento ultimo apice obtuse trun-

cato, dorso fovea magna subquadrato-ovata ad marginem

new species of Kumolpide. 51

extensa, medio vitta elevataé separata, profunde impresso ;

telo brevi, abrupte curvato, apice obtuse truncato, medio

dente brevissimo armato.

Fom.— Abdominis segmento ultimo apice integro, ob-

tuse rotundato.

Long. 5—63 lin.

Hab.—Cordova, Pampas of Peru.

Head finely but not closely punctured, impressed here

and there with coarse punctures, which are scattered irre-

gularly on the surface; clypeus subquadrate, its sides

nearly parallel, its apical margin entirely obsolete; antennz

moderately robust, five outer joints slightly thickened, third

joint distinctly longer than the fourth in the ¢; the two

joints nearly equal in length inthe ?. Thorax about one-

half broader than long; sides straight and nearly parallel

from the base to the middle, thence rounded and converging

to the apex, all the angles acute ; above convex, distinctly

punctured, interspaces minutely punctured. Scutellum

narrow, subcuneiform, its surface nitidous, minutely punc-

tured. Elytra much broader than the thorax, the sides

parallel, the apex subacutely rounded in the ¢; above

convex, rather coarsely but not very closely punctured,

interspaces minutely punctured, impressed with a few

irregular strigz ; humeral callus prominent, humeral angle

tinged with aureous.

The narrow convex thorax is the principal character

separating the ¢ of the present species from EL. surina-

mensis ; the same character, together with the difference

in the abdominal fovea and the shorter telum, separates

the ¢ from the same sex of that insect.

Eumolpus imperialis.

Elongato-ovatus ¢, oblongo-ovatus 2, convexus, metal-

lico-purpureus, violaceo- vel zeneo-micans; thorace lateribus

rotundatis, ad apicem convergentibus, disco granuloso,

tenuiter punctulatis; elytris sat crebre, distincte punctatis ;

tibiis leviter curvatis; prosterno longitudini fere xquilato,

postice ampliato, margine postico truncato, angulis posticis

acutis, apice obtusis; mesosterno latitudini eequilongo,

apice dilatato, obtuso, obsolete angulato; palporum maxil-

larium articulis duobus ultimis conjunctim ovatis.

Mas.—Abdominis segmento ultimo apice concayo-emar-

KE 2

52 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

ginato, dorso fovea magna subrotundata ad marginem ex-

tensa leviter impresso; ¢elo elongato, basi curvato, apice

spathulato, paullo recurvato, apice ipso dente brevi armato.

Fem.—Abdominis segmento ultimo apice leviter emar-

ginato, dorso fovea magna male definita leviter excavato.

Long. 54—83 lin.

Hab.—Cayenne, Martinique.

Head granulose, subrugulose, rather coarsely punc-

tured; front impressed with a longitudinal groove, which

is sometimes obsolete ; clypeus scarcely broader than long,

sides straight, obliquely converging from the anterior

margin towards the apex, the apical margin entirely obso-

lete; antenne less slender than in HH. specivsus, the

five outer joints very slightly thickened in both sexes;

third and fifth joints equal, each longer than the fourth.

Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides rounded, con-

verging at base and apex, rarely parallel at the base in the

2; above minutely granulose, finely but distinctly punc-

tured. Scutellum semiovate, excavated at the base. Elytra

much broader than the thorax; above convex, humeral

callus prominent; surface nitidous, rather coarsely punc-

tate, interspaces finely punctured, impressed (but not very

closely) with fine, irregular strize.

Eumolpus speciosus.

Elongato-ovatus, convexus, metallico-purpureus, nitidus,

seepe violaceo-micans, antennis gracilibus; thorace late-

ribus rotundatis, ad apicem convergentibus; dorso tenuis-

sime punctato ; elytris anguste oblongis, postice attenuatis,

sat crebre, distincte punctatis; tibiis modice curvatis;

prosterno longitudini fere sequilato, postice ampliato,

margine postico recto, angulis posticis acutis, apice ob-

tusis; mesosterno latitudini eequilongo, apice dilatato, ob-

tuse rotundato; palporum maxillarium articulis duobus

ultimis eequilongis, conjunctim ovatis, ultimo conico.

Mas.—Abdominis segmento ultimo integro, apice ex-

tremo obtuso; dorso non foveolato, utrinque punctato,

medio vitta levi impunctato instructo; telo elongato, basi

curvato, ad apicem recurvato, vix ampliato, apice ipso

obtuso, utrinque excavato, medio breviter producto, trun-

cato.

Fom.—Abdominis segmento ultimo apice obtuse trun-

new species of Eumolpide. 53

cato,-dorso punctato, foved trigonata levi, male definita,

leviter impresso.

Long. 64—8 lin.

Hab.— Cayenne.

Head finely granulose, subnitidous, impressed with

small but distinct round punctures; clypeus elongate and

wedge-shaped in the ¢, broader and less distinctly

cuneiform in the ¢, its apical margin broadly obsolete in

both sexes; jaws and labrum nigro-piceous; front im-

pressed with a shallow fovea, from which the faint traces

of a longitudinal groove extend upwards to the vertex;

antenne slender, the third and fifth joimts equal in length,

each distinctly longer than the fourth; five upper joints

not thickened in the ¢, very slightly so in the @. Thorax

nearly twice as broad as long; sides rounded, nearly

parallel at the base, converging at the apex, all the angles

acute ; upper surface finely granulose, subnitidous, im-

pressed rather closely with shallow round punctures.

Scutellum trigonate-ovate, impressed with a few coarse

punctures. Hlytra much broader than the thorax,

narrowly oblong; sides parallel, the apex subacutely

rounded; above convex, faintly excavated below the scu-

tellum, the humeral callus prominent; surface coarsely

and rather closely punctured; interspaces nitidous, minutely

punctured, impressed. with irregular strigz.

E. speciosus is closely allied to the preceding EF. im-

perialis; the ¢ is separated by the difference in the abdo-

minal segment and by the slender antennz, as well as by

the entirely different telwm ; it is separated from HL. Batesii

by the same character, and by the more parallel sides of

the thorax ; the narrower and more parallel form of the

will distinguish it from the same sex of either species.

Eumolpus Batestt.

Elongato-ovatus, convexus, metallico-ceruleus, nitidus,

subtus viridi-micans, antennis extrorsum nigris; thorace

latitudine duplo latiori, lateribus rotundatis, basi et apice

convergentibus, subnitido, tenuiter. punctato, interstitiis

eranulosis ; elytris granulosis, distincte punctatis, inter-

spatiis hic illic leviter et irregulariter strigosis; prosterno

longitudini postice sequilato, ad apicem ampliato, margine

postico leviter emarginato, angulis posticis obtusis; meso-

sterno latitudine longiori, apice trilobato, lobis lateralibus

parvis seepe indistinctis, lobo apicali brevi, late truncato ;

54 Mr. J. 8S. Baly’s descriptions of

palporum mazxillarium articulis duobus ultimis xqui-

longis, conjunctim ovatis.

Mas.—Tibiis apice in dentem brevem acutum extror-

sum productis, tibiis anticis leviter curvatis; abdominis

segmento ultimo integro, obtuse rotundato, dorso medio

longitudinaliter depresso, utrinque obsolete mamillato ; tedo

elongato, basi curvato, apice spathulato, apice ipso obtuse

truncato, medio dente acuto, paullo recurvato armato.

Fem.—Abdominis segmento ultimo apice integro.

Long. 63—7 lin.

Eley = Momeveie ; collected by Mr. Bates.

Head finely granulose, irregularly but not closely punc-

tured; clypeus distinctly longer than broad, sides slightly

rounded, obliquely converging from the front towards the

apex, apical margin obsolete; antennze slender, five upper

joints not thickened in the ¢, very slightly thickened in

the 2; third and fifth jomts equal in length, each longer

than the fourth in the ¢; third and two following joints

nearly equal in the 2; jaws and labrum nigro-piceous.

Thorax twice as broad as long ; sides rounded, converging

at base and apex, all the angles acute; above transversely

convex, finely granulose, impressed with fine round punc-

tures. Scutellum semiovate, smooth, impressed with a

few fine punctures. Elytra rather broader than the thorax,

oblong, convex, faintly excavated below the scutellum,

coarsely and rather closely punctured, interspaces minutely

but not closely punctured, sparingly impresso-strigose.

Legs slender, thickened apices of tibize produced outwardly

into a short acute tooth.

Eumolpus carinatus.

Oblongo-ovatus, convexus, metallico-purpureus, violaceo-

aut eneo-micans, antennis obscure viridi-eeneis, extrorsum

nigro-eeneis; thorace lateribus rotundatis, ad apicem de-

flexis; dorso granuloso, subnitido, tenuiter punctulato ;

elytris circa scutellum obsolete excavatis, sat crebre

punctatis, infra callum humerale vittaé elevata brevi in-

structis; tibiis vix curvatis; prosterno longitudine latiori,

postice ampliato, margine postico truncato, medio vix

sinuato, angulis posticis acutis, apice obtusis; mesosterno

latitudine longiori, ad apicem dilatato, trilobato, lobis

lateralibus parvis, lobo apicali brevi, lato, obtuse angulato,

apice depresso; palporum maxillarium articulis duobus

ultimis conjunctim ovatis.

new species of Eumolpide. 55

Fom.—Abdominis segmento ultimo utrinque sinuato,

medio paullo producto, rotundato-ovato; dorso levi, im-

punctato.

Long. 74—8} lin.

Hab.— Amazon.

Head granulose, sparingly punctured; vertex and front

impressed with a fine longitudinal groove ; clypeus broadly

wedge-shaped, its apex broadly obsolete; antennz slender,

five upper jomts not distinctly thickened, third joint

rather longer than the fourth. Thorax twice as broad as

long; sides rounded, converging at base and apex, hinder

angles armed with an obtuse tubercle; upper surface

eranulose, impressed, but not very closely, with fine round

punctures. Scutellum semiovate, impressed near the apex

with a deep fovea, this latter sometimes obsolete. Elytra

oblong, sides parallel, the apex subacutely rounded ; upper

surface convex, obsoletely excavated near the scutellum,

granulose, rather closely punctured; below the humeral

callus, occupying the middle third of the elytron, is a

raised longitudinal vitta, the apex of which is bent

inwardly towards the suture ; ; on the disk of each elytron

are also several faint longitudinal cost, only visible in

a certain light. Legs slender, apices of tibize unarmed.

This species, of which I only possess three individuals,

all ¢, closely resembles the ¢ of . Batesti; it may at once

be known by the different form of the apical segment of

the abdomen, and also by its larger size.

Eumolpus prasinus, Erichs.

Elongatus, convexus, metallico-viridis aut purpureus,

antennisnigro-viridibus, extrorsum niegris ; thorace lateribus

rotundatis, disco granuloso, tenuiter punctato; elytris an-

guste oblongis, parallelis, sat crebre punctatis; tibiis vix

curvatis; prosterno latitudine multo longiori, postice

ampliato, margine postico recte truncato, angulis posticis

acutis, apice obtusis; mesosterno latins fere duplo

longiori, apice dilatato, obtuse rotundato, apice ipso

truncato; palporum articulis duobus ultimis aquilongis,

ultimo subovato, apice obtuso.

Mas.—Abdominis segmento ultimo apice truncato,

dorso medio leviter excavato, utrinque leviter elevato, rude

punctato; ¢elo elongato, basi curvato, apice subspathulato,

apice ipso recurvato, obtuse rotundato, dente acuto armato.

Fem.—KElytris infra callum humerale vitta elevata brevi

56 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions, & c.

instructis; abdominis seemento ultimo apice late concavo-

emarginato.

Var. A. foeom.— Minor, elytrorum vitta elevaté obsoleta.

Head finely granulose, impressed, but not very closely,

with shallow round punctures; clypeus distinctly longer

than broad, subcuneiform, its apical margin broadly

obsolete; antennze slender, the third joint distinctly longer

than the fourth, the fourth, fifth and sixth equal. Thorax

nearly twice as broad as long; sides rounded, converging

at base and apex; above transversely convex, minutely

eranulose, subnitidous, impressed with fine but distinct

round punctures. Scutellum smooth and shining, semi-

ovate. Elytra rather broader than the thorax, subelongate;

sides parallel, the apices subacutely rounded; upper sur-

face coarsely and rather closely punctured, interspaces

nitidous, finely granulose, sparingly impresso-strigose.

Legs slender, thickened apices of tibize unarmed.

This insect is closely allied to H. Batesti; the é may

be known by the absence of the spine at the outer apex of

the tibia, together with the different form of the telum;

the 2 is separated from the two preceding species by its

narrower and more parallel form, and by the emargination

of the apical segment of the abdomen.

Gat)

V. Descriptions of new species of the genera Pseudo-

myrma and Tetraponera, belonging to the family

Myrmicide. By FrepErIcK SMITH.

[Read 4th April, 1877.]

OF the first of these genera twenty new species are described,

and a list, with references, of those already known to

science ; five new species are added to the nine previously

described species of the genus Tetraponera.

The habits of the ants belonging to these two genera,

according to the observations of naturalists, appear to be

varied. Some species construct their formicarium in the

pith of dead branches of various trees and shrubs; others

perforate the hollow thorns of species of Acacia, and Mr.

Bates observed a Brazilian species, Pseudomyrma termi-

taria, forming its elliptical chambers in the walls of the

tumuli of a species of Termes ; others inhabit the hollow

bullee, formed at the apex of the leaf-stalk of many species

of exotic trees. Their colonies are not numerous in

individuals, and their pups are not enclosed in cocoons.

This is the case in the majority of the genera belonging

to the family Myrmicide ; but, like most general rules,

exceptions are to be met with. Thus we learn that, in the

species of the genus Myrmecia, all the sexes are inclosed ;

and it may be observed, that even in other genera of ants,

Formica for instance, although as a rule all the larvae

spin themselves up in cocoons, yet, under certain con-

ditions of situation or of atmospheric suitability, it is

pretty certain that occasionally all the species of Yormica

found in this country undergo their metamorphoses,

passing through the pupa state naked. ‘This has been

observed at different times, both by myself and by others.

Note-—The type specimen of such species as are

enumerated in the list to which an * is prefixed, are in the

British Museum.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART Il. (JUNE.) F

Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species

Genus PSEUDOMYRMA.

Pseudomyrma, Guér. Icon. Rég. Anim. 427, ¥ (1838).

Myrmex, Guér. lib. cit. 427, 2 (1838).

Leptalea, Spin. Mem. Accad. Torino, xii. 68 (1853).

Head wider than the thorax; antenne clavate, 12-jomted

in all the sexes; eyes very large, elongate-ovate; ocelli

three in all the sexes. Thorax elongate-ovate in the

females, narrowed posteriorly in the workers; anterior

wings with one marginal and three submarginal cells, the

third cell extending to the apex of the wing. Abdomen

oblong, with two nodes, the first more or less pedunculated ;

the females and workers with four segments, exclusive of

the basal nodes, the males having five segments.

*4,

Pseudomyrma bicolor, Guér. Icon. Rég. Anim.

427, 3; Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. New Ser. iii.

157.

Hab.—Columbia; Panama.

. Pseudomyrma mandibularis (Leptalea, Spin.), Mem.

Accad. Torino, xiii. (1853), p. 68.

Hab.—Para.

. Pseudomyrma unicolor, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond. New Ser. iii. 158, 3.

Hab.—Brazil.

Pseudomyrma termitaria, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond. New Ser. iii. 158, 2, 3.

Hab.—Santarem.

. Pseudomyrma maculata, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond. New Ser. ili. 158, 3.

Hab.— Brazil.

. Pseudomyrma sericata, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond. New Ser. iii. 159, 3.

Hab.—Brazil.

. Pseudomyrma elegans, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soe.

Lond. New Ser. iii. 159, 3.

Hab.—Para.

*9.

BIG:

ll.

mos

wes

=D:

ele.

sf.

ier

of Pseudomyrma and Tetraponera. 59

Pseudomyrma nigriceps, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond. New Ser. iii. 159, 3.

Hab.—Santarem.

Pseudomyrma oculata, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soe.

Lond. New Ser. iii. 159, 2, 3.

Hab.—Santarem.

Pseudomyrma pallida, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond. New Ser. iii. 160, 3.

Hab.—Last Florida.

Pseudomyrma Perboscii, Guér. Icon. Rég. Anim.

428, 9.

Hab.—Campeachy, Central America.

2. Pseudomyrma cephalica, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soe.

Lond. New Ser. iii. 168, 3, 2, 3.

Formica filiformis, Fab. Syst. Piez. 405?

Hab.—Villa Nova, River Amazon.

Pseudomyrma phyllophila, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.

Form. pt. vi. 156, 8.

Hab.—Rio,

Pseudomyrma ejecta, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Form.

pbavie 1575) 2).

Hab.— Brazil ?

Pseudomyrma flavidula, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.

Form. pt. vi. 157, 2.

Hab.—Santarem.

Pseudomyrma faber, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Form.

pt. vi. 157.

Hab.—Kiga.

Pseudomyrma cladoica, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.

Form. pt. vi. 157, 8.

Hab.—Kga.

Pseudomyrma vidua, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Form.

158; pt. vi. 6.

Hab.—Kga.

. F 2

*19

20)

Zyl

22.

DS.

24.

20.

26.

27.

28.

Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species

Pseudomyrma ligniseca, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.

Form. pt. vi. 158, ¢.

Hab.—Kga.

Pseudomyrma venusta, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.

Form. pt. vi. 158, 2.

Hab.—Kga.

Pseudomyrma minuta, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit.

& Se. (1851), 112, 3.

Hab.—The Carnatic and Malabar.

Pseudomyrma rufipes, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. &

Sc. (1851), 112, 3.

Hab.—India (Salem distriet).

Pseudomyrma pilosa, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Form.

pt. vi. 160, 3.

Hab.—Borneo.

Pseudomyrma Capensis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.

Form. pt. vi. 160, 3.

Hab.—Cape of Good Hope.

Pseudomyrma modesta, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc.

Zool. v. 106, 8 (1861).

Hab.—Bachian.

Pseudomyrma nitida, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc.

Zool. v. 106, 3.

Hab.—Bachian.

Pseudomyrma gracilis (Formica, Fabr.), Syst. Piez.

405, 3. ;

Hab.—S. America.

Pseudomyrma tenuis (Formica, Fabr.), Syst. Piez.

405, 3.

Hab.—S, America.

Pseudomyrma filiformis (Formica, Fabr.), Syst.

Piez. 405.

Hab.—S. America.

*30.

vale

32.

Kone

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

of Pseudomyrma and Tetraponera. 61

Pseudomyrma perforator, Smith, Journ. Ent. i.

Hab.—Kga.

Pseudomyrma agilis, Smith, Journ. Ent. i. 70, 3.

Hab.—St. Paulo.

Pseudomyrma concolor, Smith, Journ. Ent. i. 70, 2.

Hab.—St. Paulo.

Pseudomyrma atripes, Smith, Journ. Ent. i. 70, 3.

fTab.— Brazil.

Pseudomyrma boopis, Roger, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr.

(1863), vii. 25.

Pseudomyrma modesta, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond. (1862), 32, 3.

Fab.—Panama.

Pseudomyrma dimidiata, Roger, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr.

(1863), vii. 177, 3.

Hab.— Columbia.

Pseudomyrma mexicana, Roger, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr.

(1863), vii. 178, 8.

Hab.—Mexico, Nicaragua.

Pseudomyrma excisa, Mayr, Akad. der Wissensch.

zu Wien (1872), p. 410, 8.

Hab.—New Granada.

Pseudomyrma sericea, Mayr, Akad. der Wissensch.

zu Wien (1872), p. 412,

Hab.— New Granada.

Pseudomyrma elongata, Mayr, Akad. der Wissensch.

zu Wien (1872), p. 413, &.

Hab.—New Granada.

Pseudomyrma pallens, Mayr, Akad. der Wissensch.

zu Wien (1872), p. 411, ¢, %.

Hab.—New Granada.

62 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species

] p

Al. Pseudomyrma levigata.

W orker.— Length 43 lines. Pale yellow, or sometimes

reddish-yellow, and very smooth and shining. Head

narrowed in front and behind; eyes very large; front of

the head, mandibles, and basal portion of the antenne

occasionally, whitish-yellow; the teeth of the mandibles

black. Thorax rounded anteriorly, the lateral margins

acute, the disk flattened and somewhat arched; deeply

impressed between the meso- and meta-thorax ; the latter

narrower than the prothorax. Abdomen: the first node

about the same length as the petiole, and half the width of

the second ; the entire body and legs thinly sprinkled with

erect pale hairs,

Hab.—Ega on the Amazon. Type in the British

Museum.

42. Pseudomyrma variabilis.

Worker.—Length 3—33 lines. Black, with the front

margin of the head, the mandibles, the ace! and apex of

the scape and of the flagellum, also the anterior tibiz and

tarsi and the apex of the femora, reddish-yellow, covered

with a fine hoary pubescent pile; the intermediate tibiz

and apex of the femora, as well as the posterior ones, more

or less rufo-testaceous; eyes large, the head slightly

narrowed behind. Thorax with the lateral margins acute,

flattened above; deeply strangulated between the meso-

and meta-thorax, the latter arched longitudinally and not

elevated higher than the prothorax. ‘The first node of

the abdomen clavate, the second subglobose.

Some specimens are pale reddish-yellow, with the

abdomen blackish; several intermediate states of colora-

tion occur.

Hab.—Barbadoes. Type in the British Museum.

43. Pseudomyrma pilosula.

Worker.—Length 5—5i lines. Black, and covered

with a fine changeable hoary pile; the anterior margin of

the head, the mandibles, anterior tibiz, tarsi and tips of

the femora reddish-yellow; the front slightly depressed

longitudinally in the middle, the vertex rounded behind.

The thorax with the sides fiat, slightly rounded above,

the lateral margins acute: the metathorax arched longi-

tudinally, not elevated higher than the prothorax. The

peduncle of the abdomen short, the first node subglobose,

of Pseudomyrma and Tetraponera. 63

the second nearly twice as wide ; abdomen oblong, its apex

with a number of long hairs.

Hab.—Barbadoes. The type in the British Museum.

44, Pseudomyrma laeviceps.

Worker.—Length 1} line. Black, with the head before

the insertion of the antennz, the mandibles, antenne, pro-

thorax, and nodes of the peduncle of the abdomen, pale

ferruginous ; the legs dark rufo-piceous, with the tarsi

and tips of the femora pale rufo-testaceous; the anterior

legs palest. The head very smooth and shining; oblong-

quadrate ; the eyes large, extending nearly to the base

of the mandibles. Thorax half the width of the head

anteriorly, narrowed to the apex of the metathorax; the

petiole short ; the first node oblong and narrow, the second

transverse, posteriorly ridged, convex in front of the

ridge ; abdomen oblong, heart-shaped.

Hab.—Para. Type in the British Museum.

45. Pseudomyrma distincta.

Worker.—Length 2 lines. Pale testaceous-yellow,

with the head and metathorax black and shining. Head

oblong, narrowed behind the eyes, which are large and

ovate; the antennez, mandibles, and anterior margin of the

face, pale testaceous, the mandibles almost white. Thorax

about the same length as the head, narrowed posteriorly;

the anterior and intermediate coxee and femora black.

Abdomen oblong-ovate; the first node petiolate and

clavate, the second subglobose.

fHab.— Mexico.

46. Pseudomyrma brunnea.

Worker.—Leneth 13 line. Dark brown, the abdomen

nearly black. The head large, oblong-quadrate, widest

anteriorly; the eyes large, ovate, and a little more than

half the length of the head ; mandibles pale yellow.

Thorax about the same length as the head; the prothorax

rounded, the metathorax short, oblique posteriorly. Abdo-

men smooth and shining, oblong-cordate, pointed at the

apex; each node with a short petiole, the second trans-

verse.

Hab.—Mexico.

64 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species

47. Pseudomyrma ferruginea.

Worker.—Length 23 lines. Ferruginous; the head

oblong-ovate, slightly emarginate behind; very finely and

closely punctured; a longitudinal impressed line runs from

the anterior ocellus to the insertion of the antennee; the

eyes black, and scarcely half the length of the head; the

antenne and cheeks with a fine, thin, white pile. Thorax

oblong; strangulated in the middle; rounded anteriorly

and posteriorly; the metathorax not elevated; sprinkled

with a few erect hairs. Abdomen oblong-ovate, pointed

at the apex, and covered with a thin white pile; more or

less fuscous beyond the second node; the petiole of the

first node short, the node ovate and much narrower than

the second node.

flab.—Mexico. Type in British Museum.

48. Pseudomyrma rufa.

Worker.—Length 34 lines. Rufous; the scape, basak

half of the flagellum, the mandibles, the anterior tibia,

the base of the intermediate and posterior pairs, the base

and apex of the femora, and the tarsi, pale rufo-testaceous;

the eyes very large, occupying two-thirds of the length of

the head; the prothorax flattened, its margins slightly

raised; the metathorax elevated above the prothorax, flat-

tened on the disk. Abdomen: the first node compressed,

channelled above, and emarginate posteriorly; the second

node subglobose.

Hab.—Amazons, Brazil.

49. Pseudomyrma terminalis.

Female.—Length 2 lines. Head, thorax, legs, and

nodes of the abdomen, pale rufo-testaceous; the abdomen

black; the ocelli and eyes black; the latter oblong-ovate ;

large, and occupying two-thirds of the length of the head.

Thorax elongate; the meso- and meta-thorax a little darker

than the head or prothorax; smooth and shining; the

intermediate and posterior femora slightly rufo-piceous in

the middle; abdomen glossy black.

Hab.—Para. Type in the British Museum.

50. Pseudomyrma simplex.

Worker.—Length 13 line. Pale reddish-yellow, very

smooth and shining, a pale fuscous spot on each side of

of Pseudomyrma and Tetraponera. 65

the basal segment of the abdomen; the eyes large, oblong-

ovate, jet black, and about half the length of the head ;

the head oblong, widest in front, and moder ately narrowed

posteriorly. Thorax oblong, strangulated in the middle;

the metathorax obliquely truncate. The petiole of the

abdomen short; the first node oblong, the second globose,

the abdomen oblong-ovate ; pointed at the apex.

Hab.—St. Paulo. Type in the British Museum.

51. Pseudomyrma urbana.

Worker.—Length 2 lines. Reddish-yellow, the femora,

the apex of the abdomen, and its base at the sides, more

or less fuscous; the insect smooth and shining, the head

and thorax brightest. The head oblong, the sides nearly

parallel but slightly narrowed behind; the eyes black,

very large, more than half the length of the head, in-

cluding the projected mandibles. "The thorax oblong,

constricted in the middle, posteriorly rounded and oblique.

The petiole of the first node of the abdomen short, the

node subglobose; the second node globose.

Hab.—Ega on the Amazon. Type in the British

Museum.

52. Pseudomyrma fervida.

Worker.—Length 2 lines. Head and thorax ferru-

ginous, the abdomen obscure. Head oblong, the eyes

large and black; the head anteriorly, the mandibles, and

basal half of the antennze, pale ferruginous; covered very

thinly with grey pile and with a few erect whitish hairs

on the face and vertex. Thorax darkest above, and with

a pile and pubescence similar to that on the head; the

legs rufo-piceous above. Abdomen obscure rufo-fuscous,

covered with a grey pile and having a few scattered erect

hairs; the first node clavate, the second wider and sub-

globose.

Hab.—Mexico.

53. Pseudomyrma volatilis.

Male.—Length 4 lines. Rufo-testaceous, with the

thorax black above. Head transverse, narrowed behind,

with the eyes large and prominent; the head, basal joint

of the antenne in front, and the mandibles, pale rufo-

testaccous, with the vertex black. Thorax palest beneath,

with the mesothorax and scutellum black; wings sub-

66 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species

hyaline and iridescent, the nervures testaceous, the stigma

large and black. The two nodes of the abdomen elongate

and petiolated, the basal one longest; the abdomen oblong

and shining.

Hab.—Mexico.

54. Pseudomyrma rufomedia.

Female.—Length 43 lines. Head and abdomen black;

thorax ferruginous. Head oblong, slightly narrowed

anteriorly and posteriorly, semi-opaque, with longitudinal

irregular striation ; eyes oblong-ovate ; the mandibles rufo-

piceous. Thorax flattened at the sides; the mesothorax

and scutellum black; wings hyaline, the nervures testa-

ceous, the stigma fuscous; legs black, with the apical

joints of the tars: rufo-testaceous, as well as the trochanters

of the intermediate and posterior legs. The first node of

the abdomen ferruginous, compressed, and arched above ;

the second node and the abdomen shining black, with a |

thin hoary pile and a few pale hairs towards the apex.

Hab.— Guatemala. Type in British Museum.

55. Pseudomyrma canescens.

Female.—Leneth 44 lines. Black, and densely covered

with a fine hoary pile. Head oblong, widest anteriorly ;

eyes large and oblong-ovate, anterior margin of the head,

before the insertion of the antenne, and the mandibles,

pale yellow. Thorax: the anterior tibie and tarsi, and

the tips of the femora, yellow; the intermediate tibiz

behind, also the apex of the femora and the posterior tibiz

behind, obscurely pale testaceous; the wings hyaline, the

nervures testaceous. Abdomen: the first node clavate,

narrowed into a petiole at the base ; the second node sub-

globose.

Hab.— Abydos (Brazil). Type in British Museum.

56. Pseudomyrma penetrator.

Female.—Leneth 4}lines. Rufo-fulvous; head oblong,

slightly narrowed anteriorly, with the sides nearly parallel,

smooth and shining; a black spot between the ocelli.

Thorax oblong-ovate, shining; the scutellum and disk of

the mesothorax slightly rufo-fuscaus, the femora also

darker than the tibiz and tarsi; wings subhyaline, the

anterior pair slishtly clouded at their apex, the nervures

of Pseudomyrma and Tetraponera. 67

ferruginous, the stigma fuscous. Abdomen darker than

the head and thorax; the first node with a short stout

petiole, the apex swollen; the second wider and sub-

globose; the apex pointed; the margin of the second seg-

ment narrowly pale ferruginous.

Hab.—St. Paulo (Brazil). Type in British Museum.

57. Pseudomyrma sedula.

Male.—Length 5 lines. Dark fusco-ferruginous; the

head beneath, the face, mandibles, and basal joint of the

antennz, yellowish-white; the sides of the thorax, beneath,

and also the legs of the same colour; wings hyaline and

brightly iridescent, the nervures rufo-testaceous, the stigma

fuscous. Abdomen elongate, the first node petiolate,

swollen at its apex; the second somewhat pear-shaped ;

the abdomen covered with a fine white sericeous pile;

beneath yellow-testaceous.

Hab.—St. Paulo (Brazil). Type in British Museum.

58. Pseudomyrma flavicornis.

Worker.—Leneth 3 lines. Head black, thorax and

abdomen rufo-fuscous; the antennz, mandibles and tarsi

reddish-yellow. Head oblong, narrowed anteriorly and

posteriorly ; eyes large and oblong-ovate. ‘The thorax

stranculated in the middle; the sutures, and the sides of

the thorax redder than the disk; the metathorax obliquely

rounded to its apex; the articulations of the legs reddish.

The first node of the abdomen with a short pale ferruginous

petiole, the node subglobose; the second node larger and

subglobose; the apex of the abdomen pointed and pale

ferruginous.

Hab.— Nicaragua.

59. Pseudomyrma elongata.

Worker.—Length 2%lines. Pale ferruginous and slightly

shining; head large, much wider than the thorax or

abdomen, oblong, narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly ;

eyes large, oblong-ovate and black. Thorax narrow,

elongate, strangulated in the middle, rounded at its anterior

and posterior margins. Abdomen: the first node petiolated,

clavate; the second subovate; the first sezment with a

dusky lateral spot at the basal margin; the two following

seoments dusky at their basal margins.

ITab.—Mexico.

68 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species

60. Pseudomyrma unicolor.

Worker.—Length 3—3} lines. Luteous and shining ;

head oblong, widest in front; eyes moderately large, black

and oblong-ovate; mandibles paler than the head. Thorax

much narrower than the head, slightly strangulated in the

middle; the apex of the metathorax obliquely curved to

the petiole of the abdomen, which is short, the node being

clavate; the second node short and subglobose; the

abdomen oblong, and pointed at the apex.

Hab.— Brazil.

This species resembles P. ligniseca, of Brazil, but it

differs from that insect in having the basal node of the

abdomen very short and stout.

Genus TETRAPONERA.

Tetraponera, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 44

(1852).

Sima, Roger, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. p. 178 (1862).

Head longitudinally quadrangular, sides parallel, obtuse

anteriorly; ocelli three in male and female, obliterated in

the worker; eyes ovate, occupying about one-third of the

length of the head; antennz 12-jointed, clavate, inserted

at the sides of an elevated prominence above the base of

the clypeus; mandibles stout and dentate. Thorax elon-

gate. Abdomen petiolated and bi-nodose. Wings as in

the genus Pseudomyrma.

*]. Tetraponera atrata, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(1852), ix. p. 44, fig. ¢.

Hab.—Bombay.

2. Tetraponera rufonigra (Pseudomyrma), Smith,

Cat. Hym. Ins. Form. 159.

Jere rufonigrum, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. &

SIGs (CASIIL) jdR WITS ele

Sima rufonigra, Roger, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. (1863),

pean ate Calcutta; Siam.

3. Tetraponera nigra (Pseudomyrma), Smith, Cat.

Hym. Ins. Form. 159.

Eciion nigrum, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Se.

(1851), 112, 3.

of Pseudomyrma and Tetraponera. 69

Sima nigra, Roger, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. (1863),

p- 20.

Hab.—Malabar.

*4, Tetraponera allaborans ( Pseudomyrma), Walk. Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. (1859), iv. 375, 3, 2, 3.

Sima compressa, Roger, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. (1863),

Dolio.

Nee oie Roger sent me a specimen of his insect,

which, on comparison with Walker’s types, in the British

Museum, proves to be the same species; but his descrip-

tion is so brief and uncharacteristic that no one could

possibly have identified them; Dr. Roger’s description 1s

excellent, and in every way satisfactory. I give a descrip-

tion of the type in the British Museum.

*5. Tetraponera testacea, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (1852), ix. 45, 2.

Hab.—Napo, 8. America.

6. Tetraponera carbonaria, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn.

Soc. Zool. (1864), vii. 20, 8.

Hab.—Bouru; India; Ceylon; Aru.

7. Tetraponera leviceps(Pseudomyrma), Smith, Journ.

Proc. Linn. Soc. (1864), viii. 145,

Hab.—Ceram; Dory; Aru; Waigiou.

*8. Tetraponera concolor (Pseudomyrma), Smith, Vie

Ent. (1860), p. 70, °.

Hab.—St. Paulo, Brazil.

*9. Tetraponera natalensis (Pseudomyrma), Smith, Cat.

Hym. Ins. Form. p. 160, ¢.

Hab.—Natal.

Tetraponera allaborans, Walk. Female.— Length

3 lines. Black, smooth and shining ; head oblong, the

sides parallel, the anterior portion, before the insertion of

the antennze, as well as the mandibles, ferruginous; the

antennz pale rufo-testaceous; the legs are of the same

colour, but the femora are somewhat darker, particularly

the hinder pair, which are fusco-ferruginous. Thorax

elongate and impunctate. Abdomen oblong ; the petiole

as long as the first node, which is narrower than the

second, both being subglobose.

70 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species

Worker.—Length 2 lines. Resembles the female in

colouration, the thorax being compressed posteriorly, the

abdomen not so deep a black; in some examples fusco-

ferruginous, with the margins of the segments paler.

Male.—Length 2 lines. Head orbiculate, black and

shining, with the anterior portion, the mandibles and

antennee pale rufo-testaceous. The thorax and abdomen

obscure rufo-ferruginous and shining; legs rufo-testaceous ;

wings subhyaline, the nervures pale fuscous; abdomen

one-third longer than the head and thorax; the first node

of the peduncle, which is very short, subglobose ; the

second twice the size of the first, and only a little narrower

than the first segment; the basal margins of all the

segments testaceous.

The descriptions are made from the typical specimens,

from Ceylon, Mr. Walker’s being too brief, in my opinion,

for the separation of the species from others closely re-

sembling Sima allaborans.

10. Tetraponera petiolata.

Female.—Length 43 lines. Black and shining; the

head and thorax with fine distant punctures. ‘The scape

and first joint of the flagellum ferruginous. Thorax

oblong; the prothorax rounded in front, with the sides

parallel; the meso- and meta-thorax combined of an

oblong-ovate form; the legs slender, with the claws of the

tarsi and the calcariz pale rufo-testaceous. The petiole

of the abdomen as long as the first node, which is oblong-

ovate; the second node larger and subglobose ; the abdo-

men as long as the head and thorax, and of about the

same width as the latter, and covered thinly with fine

hoary pile.

Worker.—Leneth 34 lines. Only differs from the

female in being deeply constricted between the meso- and

meta-thorax.

Male.—The size of the worker. Shining-black, narrow

and elongate. The head much narrowed behind the eyes,

which are large and prominent; the ocelli pale and placed

in a triangle on the vertex, the anterior ocellus opposite

the vertex of the eyes; the antenne and tips of the man-

dibles rufo-testaceous; the head and cheeks with long

pubescence, also a little on the vertex. Thorax rather

more than twice the length of the head, but narrower;

the tibice, tarsi and trochanters pale rufo-testaceous; the

of Pseudomyrma and Tetraponera. 71

femora fusco-ferruginous ; wings subhyaline. Abdomen:

the petiole and first node elongate-clavate; the second

node also petiolated but shorter, and the node wider; the

abdomen elongate-ovate, with a little fine, thin, pale pubes-

cence at the apex.

Hab.—Ceylon.

This is very distinct from the 7. compressa of Roger,

also from Ceylon ; that species has the legs pale ferrugi-

nous, as well as the antennz, and it has the metathorax

compressed and more elevated than the prothorax.

Type of female in the British Museum.

ll. Tetraponera attenuata.

Worker.—Length 3} lines. Black and shining; the

head narrowed behind the eyes and rounded; the scape,

and one or two of the basal joints of the flagellum, pale

ferruginous; the sides of the head and the cheeks with

hoary pile. Thorax oblong and narrow, much constricted

in the middle; the metathorax elevated and subglobose ;

the legs slender and elongate, with the trochanters rufo-

testaceous. The petiole of the abdomen long and slender,

the first node narrow, oblong and rounded above; the

second node with a short petiole and twice the width of

the first; the abdomen oblong, pointed at the apex. The

thorax and abdomen with thin hoary pile.

Hab.—Sarawak.

12. Tetraponera Atthiops.

Worker.—Length 53 lines. Black and shining ; the

head and thorax fmely punctured ; the nodes of the petiole

also punctured, the abdomen very delicately so; the base

and apex of the scape rufo-piceous, and the apical joint

of the flagellum pale rufo-testaceous. The anterior and

intermediate tibiz and tarsi rufo-piceous, the former more

or less obscurely so; the calcariz pale testaceous; the

anterior margin of the thorax slightly rounded, with

the lateral angles rather prominent ; from these to the

base of the mesothorax the sides are narrowed, the

metathorax being slightly widened to its apex, which is

obtuse. The petiole of the abdomen short, the nodes

globose; the second full one-third wider than the first,

and having a few pale sete at its hinder margin; the

abdomen oblong, pointed at its apex, and having a few

72 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species, &c.

scattered pale setze; the entire insect has a thin, fine,

hoary pile. .

Hab.—S. Africa.

This species is about the same size as 7. rufonigra,

but it differs in the form of the abdomen being more

elongate and its nodes more globose.

13. Tetraponera punctulata.

Female.—Leneth 314 lines. Jet black and shining;

the head and thorax very finely punctured, the abdomen

very delicately so. The antennz, mandibles, tibize and

tarsi light ferruginous. Head elongate-quadrate, with an

impressed fovea on the front between the eyes; the pro-

thorax rounded anteriorly, from hence to the metathorax

gradually | narrowed, the latter truncate posteriorly with

the margins rounded, not elevated above the prothorax ;

the petiole of the first node of the abdomen short, scarcely

half the length of the node, which is, as well as the second

node, subelobose; the second broader than the first node.

Abdomen. oblong.

Hab.—Champion Bay, W. Australia.

This species most closely resembles Tetraponera leviceps,

but that species has the metathorax elevated higher than

the prothorax. The punctula are to be seen only by the

aid of a moderately strong pocket lens.

Type in the British Museum.

Grete)

VI. A Monograph of the Australian species of the

Coleopterous family Lycide. By Cuas. O.

WATERHOUSE.

[Read 4th April, 1877.]

THE numerous species of the family Lycide added to the

National Collection during the last few years have obliged

me to make a somewhat detailed examination of the group.

The present paper is the result of my study, so far as the

Australian species are concerned. The number of species

at present recorded from that continent is 14; to these

24 new species are now added, making a total of 38, but

of the described species seven are unknown to me.

List OF SPECIES.

Porrostoma erythropterum, Er. Porrostoma hemorrhoidale, sp. n.

; rufipenne, Fabr. 3 plagiatum, sp. n.

*; brevirostre, sp. n. 45 Ingubre, sp. 0.

na laterale, Redt. a cinctum, sp. 0.

Fe abdominale, sp. n. bs chentulum, sp. n.

5 elegans, sp. n. 5 inquinulum, sp. n.

uniforme, sp. n. ; dichroum, sp. n.

5 irreeulare, sp. n. + limbatum, sp. n.

+) textile, sp. n. Trichalus flavopictus, sp. n.

3 russatum, sp. n. iv discoideus, Er.

9 apicale, sp. n. a ampliatus, sp. n,

: lineatum, sp. n. i‘ suleatus, sp. n.

* togatum, sp. n. 6 serraticornis, Fabr.

3 scalare, sp. 0. Calochromus scutellaris, Er.

3 fallax, sp. n. * Guérinii, MacLeay.

45 salebrosum, sp. n.

Porrostoma, Casteln. 1836.

The following descriptions will, I think, be sufficient

to show that the length of the rostrum in these insects is

not of generic importance, and that therefore the genus

Metriorrhynchus (Guérin, 1838) cannot stand. All the

species have the costa of the elytra next the suture not

branching at the base, but parallel with the suture,

* Thorax divided into seven areolets.

All the males of the species of this section (so far as

they are known to me) have the penultimate segment of

the abdomen divided in the middle nearly to the base by

a parallel-sided incision. (PI. I. fig. 5.)

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART I. (JUNE.) G

74 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s Monograph of the

P. erythropterum, Er.

Very close to P. rufipennis, F., but separated on account

of the long cylindrical rostrum, flabellate antenne in the

male, &c. (PI. I. figs. 1—5.)

P. rufipenne, F.

Generally rather smaller than the preceding species.

The form of the thorax varies very much. The length of

the rostrum appears also to vary, and the punctuation is

more distinct in some examples than in others. (PI. I.

figs. 6—9.)

A single example from N.W. coast has the thorax very

broad, and the rostrum long and cylindrical and very

shining. I suppose it to be a mere variety. (Pl. I.

fies. 10—12.)

P. brevirostre, sp. n. (PI. I. figs. 13—14.)

Nigrum ; elytris rufis; rostro latitudine vix longiore. ¢.

Long. 6 lin.

Separated from P. rufipenne on account of the very

short rostrum, which is scarcely longer than broad, very

finely and thickly punctured.

Hab.—N.W. Coast of Australia. Brit. Mus.

P. laterale, Redt. sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 15—17.)

Nigrum, opacum, thoracis lateribus elytrisque rufo-

flavis ; rostro cylindrico, nitido, basi subtilissime punctu-

lato ; antennis articulis 6—10 apice truncatis; thorace

haud profunde 7-areolato; elytris quadricostatis, inter-

stitiis irregulariter biseriatim foveatis. 2.

Long. 44 lin.

Closely allied to P. erythropterum, Er. Rostrum very

long, cylindrical, a trifle narrowed before the base; 3rd

joint of the antenne not quite as long as the two following

joints taken together; the 4th and 5th obliquely truncate

(or slightly emarginate) at the apex; the 6th to 10th

truncate; all the joints very compressed, simple and not

distinctly narrowed at their base. Thorax narrowed and

rounded in front, the sides regularly arcuate, the base

strongly bisinuate; above divided by ridges into seven

areolets, the ridges dividing the lateral areolets very obso-

lete. Scutellum black, emarginate at the apex. Elytra

parallel, each with four costae, the interstices with double

Australian species of the Coleopterous family Lycide

rows of foveze, less distinct than in P. rufipenne, the rows

not divided by a costa.

Hab.—Sydney. Brit. Mus.

Note.—I presume this species to be P. laterale, of

Jtedtenbacher.

P. abdominale, sp.n. (PI. I. figs. 19—22.)

Nigrum; thoracis lateribus, elytris (apice excepto),

COXxIS, ecaneralawis basi, abdominis marginibus flavo-rufis ;

rostro elongato, sat acuminato, enbiilicgmme punctulato,

apice emarginato; labro antice arcuatim angustato; an-

tennis latis ; thorace septem-areolato, postice medio Nigro ;

elytris quadri icostatis, interstitiis regulariter biseriatim

foveatis, apice nigris. ¢.

Long. 63 lin.

Head black; rostrum nearly a line in length, broad at

the base, narrowed towards the apex, closely and very

finely punctured (or rather scratched), deeply | impressed

on each side in front of the eyes, with a small impression

also in front at the base close to the antenne; labrum dis-

tinctly longer than broad, arcuate at the sides, narrowed in

front, finely and moderately thickly punctured. Antennz

broad, opaque, scarcely more than half the length of the

elytra; 3rd joint about 4 longer than its greatest breadth,

very little narrowed at the pace the lower anterior anal

produced at right angles with the axis of the joint, the

produced part one- third the length of the entire joint,

obtuse at its apex; the 4th to Sth. joints shorter but of the

same form, the 9th and 10th a trifle longer, and having

the produced part less at right angles to theaxis. Thorax

deeply bisinuate at the base, a little narrowed in front,

arched at the sides anteriorly. The coxe, the femora

(except at the apex), the sides of the first six abdominal

segments and the apical segments entirely orange-red.

“Hab.—East Australia. Brit. Mus.

P. elegans, sp.n. (PI. I. figs. 23—27.)

Nigrum; thorace elytrisque ferrugineo-rufis, illo areolis

posterioribus in parte nigris; scutello nigro; elytris paral-

lelis, quadricostatis (basi fere octo-costatis), interstitiis

regulariter biseriatim foveatis. ¢, o.

Long. 6 lin.

Rostrum one line in length, shining, thick at the base,

narrowed at the apex, impressed at the sides: with a small

G 2

76 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s Monograph of the

elongate puncture in front near the base, gently emarginate

at the apex, finely and closely punctured at the base, spar-

ingly punctured towards the apex; labrum rather elongate,

acuminate in front, distinctly and moderately thickly punc-

tured ; mandibles pitchy. Antenne two-thirds the length

of the elytra, moderately stout. Thorax with the areolets

well defined, the central posterior one black anteriorly, the

two lateral posterior areolets marked with black internally.

Elytra nearly parallel, each with four cost, the interstices

with regular double rows of fovex, the rows divided by a

fine but distinct costa.

Hab.—Rockhampton, Clarence River, &c. Brit. Mus.

P. uniforme, sp.n. (PI. I. figs. 28—31.)

Nigrum; thorace, scutello, elytrisque ferrugineo-rufis;

rostro minus elongato, crebre subtiliter punctulato, sub-

opaco, apice emarginato; mandibulis piceis; thorace sep-

tem-areolato, lateribus sinuatis; elytris quadricostatis,

subparallelis, interstitiis irregulariter biseriatim fove-

atis. 3.

Long. 42 lin.

Rostrum scarcely more than half a line in length, thick

at the base, a little narrowed towards the apex, relatively

shorter than in the preceding species, but of the same

form, gently emarginate at the apex; labrum transverse,

very slightly emarginate in front, and pubescent. Antennze

two-thirds the length of the elytra; 3rd joint slightly

pitchy along the upper edge, the lower anterior angle pro-

duced, the produced part very short and oblique to the

axis of the joint. Thorax strongly sinuate at the sides.

Elytra quadricostate, the interstices with irreeular double

rows of fovee, the rows not divided by a distinct costa.

Hab.—Port Bowen. Brit. Mus.

P. irregulare, sp.n. (PI. I. figs. 18—18a.)

Nigrum; antennis simplicibus; thorace rufo-flavo,

medio nigro; scutello nigro; elytris rufo-flavis, quadri-

costatis, interstitiis biseriatim punctatis. ¢.

Long. 3 lin.

Rostrum a little longer than broad. Antennz simple,

not dentate, the third joint one-third longer than the follow-

ing, its upper margin pale, the joints “scarcely obliquely

truncate at their apex; the lower angle slightly less than

Australian species of the Coleopterous family Lycide. 77

a right angle, but not produced. Thorax yellowish, black

in the middle. Elytra quadricostate, that next the suture

obsolete posteriorly; the interstices with two irregular lines

of punctures, the lines not separated by a costa.

Hab.—K. Australia, Mackenzie River. Brit. Mus.

P. textile, sp.n. (PI. I. figs. 32—35.)

Nigrum, latior; thorace, scutello, elytrisque lite flavo-

rufis. 9.

Long. 7 lin.

Rostrum rather long, shining, very sparingly punctured

in front. Antenne long and broad, not diminishing

towards the apex; each joint with a carina parallel with

the lower margin. ‘Thorax broad, narrowed in front.

Elytra quadricostate, the interstices with two regular

rows of fovez, the rows divided with a distinct carina.

Hab.—Moreton Bay. Brit. Mus.

P. russatum, sp.n. (PI. I. figs. 36—38.)

Nigrum; thorace, scutello, elytris (apice excepto), coxis,

femoribusque basi, flavo-rufis; rostro piceo, nitido; elytris

quadricostatis, subparallelis, interstitiis biseriatim fove-

atis. 9.

Long. 6 lin.

Very close to P. apicale, but differs, besides in the

coloration, in having the antenne a little broader ; the 9th

and 10th joints are not transverse. The rostrum is very

smooth, only punctured at the sides and at the base. The

four anterior femora are tipped with black; the posterior

pair are black, except at the extreme base. The middle

posterior areolet of the thorax is black anteriorly. The

sculpture of the elytra is more regular and distinct; two

of the coste are very strong at the base.

Hab.—Port Bowen. Brit. Mus.

P. apicale, sp.n. (PI. I. figs. 39—44.)

Flavo-rufum, angustior; antennis, tarsis, abdomine,

elytrorumque apice nigris. ¢.

Long. 5 lin.

Head yellowish-red, shining; rostrum ? lin. in length,

moderately broad at the base, narrowed at the apex;

labrum and palpi pitchy, the former longer than broad,

acuminate at the apex; eyes prominent, black. Antenne

78 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s Monograph of the

about ? the length of the elytra, black, except the basal

joint, which 3 1s pitehy : ; third joint three times the length

of its greatest width, the lower anterior angle produced,

the produced part } 1 the length of the entire joint, the

fourth to tenth joints eradually increasing in length, but

all shorter than the third, distinctly and regularly narrowed

to their bases. Thorax a little narrowed and rounded in

front, the sides a little sinuous, the dorsal ridges well

marked, dividing the surface into seven areolets. Hlytra

parailel, very long, tipped with black, quadricostate, the

interstices with two rows of transverse foveze, the rows

divided by a fine carina. The apical half of the posterior

tibiee, the tarsi and abdomen black.

Hab.—Cape York. Brit. Mus.

Var. Posterior tibize entirely yellowish-red.

Hub.—Port Essington. Brit. Mus.

P. lineatum, sp.n. (PI. I. figs. 45—48.)

Fusco-nigrum; thorace limbo, elytrisque obscure flavis,

his quadri icostatis, interstitils infuscatis, biseriatim foveatis ; :

rostro latitudine breviore, @.

Long. 6 lin.

At once distinguished from all the preceding by the

very short muzzle. Thorax blackish, with the lateral and

anterior margins yellowish. lytra quadricostate, the

interstices with a double series of square punctures, the

rows not distinctly divided by a ridge.

Hab.—N. W. Australia. Brit. Mus.

A second specimen from V. D. Land (Hobart Town)

has the thorax rather narrower.

P. togatum, sp. n. (PI. I. figs. 49—52.)

Nigrum; elytris elongatis, flavo-rufis, apice nigro, quadri-

costatis, interstitiis biseriatim punctatis; rostro latitudine

paulo breviore, medio canaliculato, utrinque fovea magna

nitida. ¢.

Long. 5 lin.

The rostrum is scarcely as long as broad, narrowed

towards the apex, very thickly and extr emely finely

punctured. The elytra are dull yellowish-red, with the

apex black, the black more advanced on the suture than

at the sides. Each has four coste, the interstices with two

rows of square punctures, the rows not distinctly divided

by a costa.

Hab.—N. W. Australia. Brit. Mus.

Australian species of the Coleopterous family Lycide. 79

P. scalare, sp.n. (Pl. I. figs. 53—56.)

Atrum; elytris apice sordide flavo; rostro latitudine

breviore; elytris quadricostatis, interstitiis reticulatis. ?.

Long. 43 lin.

The elytra have each four coste, the interstices are

rather strongly reticulate.

Hab.—N. W. Australia. Brit. Mus.

P. fallax, sp.n. (PI. I. figs. 57—60.)

Elongatum, parallelum, nigrum; thorace elytrisque

flavo-rufis, his apice nigro; rostro latitudine paulo breviore,

opaco, utrinque fovea nitid&é; elytris thorace quinquies

longioribus, sat convexis, parallelis, quadricostatis, imter-

stitiis biseriatim punctatis. 2.

Long. 63 lin.

Elytra about five times as long as the thorax, black at

the apex, quadricostate, the interstices with two regular

rows of square punctures, the rows divided by a fine costa.

Hab.—Moreton Bay. Brit. Mus.

P. salebrosum, sp. n. (PI. II. figs. 61—64.)

Statura et color P. rufipennis, at minor, rostro brevis-

simo. Niger, elytris rubris, quadricostatis, interstitiis

biseriatim punctatis. ¢, @.

Long. 4 lin.

Differs from P. rufipenne in having the rostrum very

short, with a deep fovea in front of each eye. Third

joint of the antenne as broad as long. Elytra red, quadri-

costate; the interstices with two rows of punctures, the

rows separated only at the base of the elytra by an obscure

costa.

The female differs from the male in having the antennz

a little less strongly dentate.

Hab.—Melbourne and VY. D. Land. Brit. Mus.

P. hemorrhoidale, sp. n. (PI. II. figs. 6la—6-4a.)

Elongatus, parallelus, niger; elytrorum apice rufo;

elytris quadricostatis, interstitiis biseriatim cancellato-

punctatis. ¢, 2.

Long. 43 lin.

Dull black. Rostrum shorter than broad. Thorax

small, divided above into seven areolets. Elytra with four

80 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s Monograph of the

distinct coste; the interstices with two rows of large

irregular punctures, the rows not divided by a distinct

costa; the apices are red.

Hab.—Van Diemen’s Land. Brit. Mus.

This species resembles P. scalaris, but is much longer

and narrower, and the rows of punctures on the interstices

of the elytra are much more regular.

P. plagiatum, sp.n. (PI. II. figs. 65—68.)

Atrum; elytris marginibus apiceque rubris; rostro

latitudine breviori, utrinqgue impresso; antennis bene

dentatis. ¢.

Long. 4? lin.

Rostrum very short, shorter than broad, compressed in

front, with a deep impression in front of the eye. Elytra

deep red, with a black patch extending from the scutellum

to the posterior two-thirds, somewhat in the form of an A;

quadricostate ; the interstices with two rows of punctures,

not separated distinctly by a carina.

Hab.—K. Australia. Brit. Mus.

P. lugubre, sp.n. (PI. II. figs. 69—72.)

Atrum ; rostro nullo, clypeo leviter emarginato; ely-

tris postice paulo ampliatis, quadricostatis, interstitiis

biseriatim foveolatis, sutura marginibusque tenuiter ferru-

gineis. ¢.

Long. 5 lin.

Dull black above; rostrum none; elytra with the suture

and the entire margins narrowly bordered with rusty

yellow.

Hab.—Australia. Brit. Mus.

P. cinctum, sp.n. (PI. II. figs. 73—77.)

Nigrum; thorace rufo, medio nigro, ruguloso, vix

septem-areolato, areola discoidali solum bene determinata;

scutello rufo; elytris rufis, apice nigris, novem-costatis,

costis alternis minus elevatis, interstitiis regulariter uni-

seriatim fortiter punctatis. $, ¢.

Long. 4 lin.

The antenne of the male are very strongly dentate.

The mandibles are reddish. The thorax is divided into

seven areolets, but the lines dividing them are very in-

Australian species of the Coleopterous family Lycide. 81

distinct, except those enclosing the central posterior areole.

The coxee and the extreme base of the four anterior femora

are reddish.

Hab.—Queensland and Brisbane. Brit. Mus.

** Thorax divided into five areolets.

P. clientulum, sp.n. (PI. II. figs. 78—81.)

Atrum; rostro nullo; palpis basi obscure testaccis ;

thorace quinque-areolato; elytris obscure flavis, apice

nigro. 9.

Long. 4 lin.

Elytra rather short, dull yellow, with the apex black,

the black part not advanced on the suture; each elytron

with four coste, the second only well defined and extend-

ing to the apex, the others less distinct; interstices rather

irregularly but moderately strongly punctured.

Hab.—Moreton Bay. Brit. Mus.

*** Thorax with the central areolet only well defined.

P, inquinulum, sp. n. (Pl. II. figs. 82—86.)

Atrum ; elytris margine anguste apiceque late fer-

rugineis; rostro fere nullo; thorace concavo, lateribus

reflexis, disco areola lanceolata instructo ; elytris quadri-

costatis biseriatim reticulato-punctatis. ¢, 2.

Long. 5—5? lin.

The coste of the elytra are distinct to the apex; the

interstices have two rows of square punctures, the rows

not distinctly divided by a carina. The male has the

penultimate seement incised as in the first section.

Hab.—Australia. Brit. Mus.

P. limbatum, sp.n. (Pl. II. figs. 88—91.)

Atratum; thoracis elytrorumque marginibus flavis ;

rostro nullo; thorace vix quinque-areolato, areola dis-

coidali solum bene determinata; elytris postice paulo

ampliatis, quadricostatis, interstitiis transversim reticulatis,

apice arcuatim rotundato. ¢.

Long. 34 lin.

Blackish; base of the 3rd antennal joint, base of the

palpi, base of the femora, and cox obscure testaceous.

Thorax with the central areole only well defined. LElytra

82 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s Monograph of the

quadricostate, the 2nd and 4th coste more distinct, but

none reaching to the apex, the interstices with very

numerous transverse ridges (as in Lros minutus). Penul-

timate segment of the abdomen with a deep semicircular

emargination. (Pl. II. fig. 91.)

Hab.—Australia. Brit. Mus.

Note.—This species differs much in appearance from

all the preceding, owing to the elytra being narrowed

towards the base, and the apex of each elytron is rounded.

TRICHALUS, gen. nov.

The following species are separated on account of their

having a deep lanceolate impression on the disk of the

thorax, and the costa of the elytra next the suture is

divided into three branches at the base, so that the other

cost are not parallel to the suture. The rostrum is very

short.

T. flavopictus, sp.n. (Pl. II. figs. 92—96.)

Niger; thorace ochraceo, utrinque bi-impresso, disco

areola lanceolata, in imo nigra, bene impresso; scutello

nigro; elytris postice paulo ampliato, ochraceis, apice nigris,

septem-costatis, costis alternis minus elevatis, costa juxta

suturam basi trifida, interstitiis reticulato-punctatis ; coxis

femorumque basi flavis.

Long. 33—64 lin.

6. Antennz long and broad, 3rd to 10th joints gradu-

ally becoming shorter. Thorax reflexed at the sides; the

disk raised, and with a deep longitudinal fovea, joined to

the front margin by a carina. The penultimate segment

of the abdomen is not deeply notched in the middle.

¢. Antenne less strongly dentate. Thorax straighter

at the sides. LElytra a little more parallel. Abdomen

simple.

Hub.—Port Bowen. Brit. Mus.

T. discoideus, Hr. (FP. 11. figs. 106—108.)

Porrostoma discoideus, Er., Archiv. f. Naturg. 1842,p. 145.

“Niger, thorace 3-areato, elytris rufis, disco nigri-

Camas) tricostatis, interstitiis bifariam cancellatis.”

Long. 43—53 lin.

Australian species of the Coleopterous family Lycide. 83

This species often has the elytra black, with the extreme

margin and the suture only red.

Hab.—Van Diemen’s Land (E. D. Atkinson, Esq.).

Brit. Mus.

T. ampliatus, sp. n. (PI. II. figs. 97—101.)

Niger; thoracis lateribus elytrisque rufis; rostro bre-

vissimo; antennis sat longis; thorace lateribus modice

reflexis, medio nitido, disco impressione haud profunda

instructo; elytris postice paulo ampliatis, septem-costatis,

costis alternis minus elevatis, costa juxta suturam basi

BLUM ASO fo

Long. 43—6 lin.

Antenne rather long and stout, not much diminishing

in width towards the apex. Thorax with the central part

black and shining, the sides red and somewhat reflexed.

Ilytra long and rather wide behind, with seven costz,

three of which are much stronger and more regular than

the others; the interstices reticulate-punctate.

The two male examples have the disk of each elytron

more or less black; the penultimate segment of the abdo-

men notched in the middle.

The two females* have the elytra a little less ample,

and with less black on the disk. The abdomen simple.

The antennz are less strongly dentate.

Hab.—k. Australia, Moreton Bay. Brit. Mus.

T. sulcatus, sp.n. (PI. II. figs. 102—105.)

Ochraceus ; antennis, tibiis, tarsis, abdomine, elytro-

rumque apice nigris; rostro fere nullo; thorace quadri-

impresso, medio sulcato; elytris septem-costatis, costis

alternis minus elevatis, costa juxta suturam basi trifida,

interstitiis reticulato-punctatis. $, ¢.

Long. 6 lin.

Var. Abdomine in parte antennisque basi flavis.

Head somewhat less engaged in the thorax than in

most species of this group; eyes not very large. Antenne

rather long and stout. Thorax moderately reflexed at

the sides, with a longitudinal impression reaching nearly

from the base to the apex. Scutellum yellow. Elytra

with seven distinct coste, that next the suture divided

into three near the base.

* TI presume these to be the females of the same species.

84 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s Monograph of the

The antennz are almost identical in the two sexes; the

male has a small notch in the middle of the penultimate

abdominal segment.

Hab.—Brisbane, Port Essington. Brit. Mus.

T. serraticornis, Fabry. (Pl. IL. figs. 109—112.)

“ Niger, thorace elytrisque rufescentibus, elytris apice

nigris.” “ Antenne valde compress, serrate, nigre.

Thorax rufescens, marginibus subreflexis. Elytra sul-

cata, sulcis rugosis, rufescentia, apice nigra. Abdomen

et pedes nigra. Femora basi testacea.” Fabr., Syst.

Ent. p. 203.

Long. 34 lin.

The colour of the thorax and elytra of the type is now

nearly testaceous. ‘The thorax is strongly punctured in

front, and has a strong discoidal impression. ‘The elytra

have seven coste, the alternate ones being rather indis-

tinct and irregular; that next the suture is divided into

three near the scutellum. The apex of the elytra and the

abdomen are now wanting in the type specimen, which is

the only one I have seen.

Hab.—‘ Nova Hollandia.” (Coll. Banks.) Brit. Mus.

CALOCHROMUS, Guérin, 1833.

Anarhynchus, Guérin, 1838.

C. scutellaris, Er. (Pl. II. figs. 113—115.)

Anarhynchus scutellaris, Er.

Blue-black ; elytra rusty red, sometimes with the apex

black.

Hab.—Swan River and N. W. coast. Brit. Mus.

C. Guérinii, MacLeay.

Blue-black; thorax and elytra yellow, the former some-

times with a black spot on the hind margin, the elytra

with the apex black.

Hab.—Rockhampton, Cape York. Brit. Mus.

“Lycus septemcavus and L. rhipidius,’ MacLeay.

There is nothing in the descriptions of these species to

show how they differ from each other and from P. rufi-

penne, of which I regard them simply as the sexes.

Australian species of the Coleopterous fumily Lycide. 85

Lycus (Charactus) Bremei, Le Guillou, 1844.

From Hobart Town, and quite distinct from Lycus

Bremei, Guérin, from Abyssinia. (The two are con-

founded in the Munich Catalogue.)

Le Guillou’s species appears to be Calochromus scutel-

laris, Er., 1842.

The following species, known to me only from descrip-

tion, appear to be distinct from any of the preceding :—

Lycus ochraceus, Dalm., Schonh., Syn. Ins. App. p. 31.

“ Subtus ater, supra ochraceus; thoracis disco nigro;

elytris striatis, reticulato-punctatis.” Long. 6 lin. “Elytra

ad scutellum infuscata.”

Metr. marginatus, Er., Wieg. Arch. 1842, p. 145.

* Niger, thorace 7-areolato; elytris rufo-marginatis,

4-costatis, interstitiis biseriatim cancellato-punctatis.

Long. 4 lin.” Van Diemen’s Land.

Lycus (Charactus) Goryi, Le Guillou, Rev. Zool. 1844,

p. 222.

** Noir terne, avec les élytres bordées extérieurement de

jaune. . . Elytres portant chacune quatre cétes élevées,

entre lesquelles il y a une cote moins saillante et des éléva-

tions transversales formant une réticulation bien marquée ;

le jaune des bords part de l’angle huméral, qui est occupé

par une tache assez large, suit le bord externe jusqu’a la

premiére cote Glevée, arrive a l’extrémité, ot il s’élargit,

et remonte un peu sur la troisiéme cdte et a la suture.

Antennes fortement dentées en scie.

* Long. 10m., 1]. 22 mill.” Hobart Town.

This may prove to be M. marginatus, Er., ante.

Lycus ( Charactus) australis, Boisd. Voy. Ast. ii. p. 119.

«‘ Supra croceus; thorace macula media nigra; elytris

subparallelis sulcatis; subtus antennisque nigris.”

Metr. femoralis, W. Macl., Trans. Ent. Soe.

MevOea Wir liop62.

* Antenne black. Head small, black. Thorax red,

with black centre, divided into seven hollows. Seutellum

black. Elytra orange-red, tipped in the female with dark

86 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s Monograph, &c.

blue, with four fine coste on each, and with the intervals

filled with shallow square punctures disposed in double

rows. Body beneath black. Legs black, excepting the

coxe and basal two-thirds of the thighs, which are red.”

Soplines. 2 7 lins ) pPxtracty| i=

Metr. nigripes, Macl.., |. c. p. 262.

_ “ This species differs from the last in having the head

only lightly impressed on the median line, and not nitid,

in having the thorax more rounded at the posterior angles,

and black only on the basal portion of the middle, in

having the elytra of a darker red and more deep punctua-

tion, and in having the legs entirely black.”

Long. 5 lin.

Metr. marginicollis, Macl., I. c. p. 263.

“Black. Antenne strongly dentate. Thorax seven-

hollowed, with the lateral margins yellowish-red. Elytra

yellowish-red, four-costate, with the intervals rather con-

fusedly punctate in double rows, and towards the apex

appearing to consist of single rows of transverse punctures.

Legs and under surface of body entirely black.”

Long. 4 lin.

The following species has just been received; it should

be placed next to P. znquinulum.

- Porrostoma dichroum, sp.n. (PI. II. figs. 86—87.)

Nigrum, opacum, thorace lato, excavato, triareolato,

areola mediana lanceolata; elytris sordide flavis, apice

nigris, quadricostatis, interstitiis biseriatim punctatis. ¢.

Long. 5 lin.

Thorax broad, sides much reflexed, the central areolet

not reaching the anterior margin, but joined to it by a

short carina. Hlytra parallel, dirty yellow, with the apical

third black; each elytron with four strong coste, the

interstices with two regular rows of distinct quadrangular

punctures, the rows divided by a very fine ridge. Body

beneath shining black; legs dull.

Hab.—King George’s Sound. Brit. Mus.

(8)

VII. Descriptions of new genera and species of East

Indian Tenthredinide. By Prerer CAMERON.

[Read 4th April, 1877.]

For the examination of the following East Indian

Tenthredinide 1 am indebted to the kindness of Mr.

Moore, of the East Indian Museum, and of Mr. Frederick

Smith.

Genus TENTHREDO, S. Str.

Tenthredo latifasciata, sp. n.

?. Black, a thin line on pronotum; cenchri, a large

lateral spot extending over the three basal segments of

abdomen, and mandibles, white; palpi pale. Legs reddish ;

cox, trochanters, and base of femora, black; posterior

tarsi fuscous. Head and thorax covered with a pale

pubescence, punctured, smooth, shining, with a few shallow

punctures; terebra long, projecting. Antenne a little

longer than abdomen, the 3rd joint not much longer than

4th.

Length 6 lines; alar. exp. 123 lines.

Hab.—India.

Very similar to 7. atra, Linné, but that species has

the clypeus and labrum white, no white mark on abdomen,

and posterior tarsi and apex of tibize black.

Tenthredo simulans, sp. n.

@. Of similar size and colour to the European 7.

olivacea, Klug, but the incision in clypeus is very much

shallower, and at the same time broader; the antenn:e

from 2nd joint quite black, the legs without a black

line above, and the abdomen from the 3rd segment at the

sides and beneath black. The dorsum of the abdomen

is also black, but there is a variety of Z. olivacea haying

this peculiarity.

If it were not for the difference in the form of the

clypeus, I should have considered this species to be merely

a climatic variety of 7. olivacea.

Hab.—India.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART II. (JUNE. )

88 Mr. Peter Cameron’s descriptions of

Genus Pacuyprorasis, Hartig.

Pachyprotasis rape, Lin.

Among Mr. Smith’s insects there is a Pachyprotasis

from India which I cannot separate specifically from the

common P. rape, from the ordinary form of which it

differs merely in having the posterior calcaria and tarsi

black, the abdomen above marked with white at the

junction of the segments, and there is only one black mark

on the pleurz and none on the sternum; all these being

points in which European specimens of rape are prone to

vary.

Genus BreLeses, * Cameron.

Beleses fulvus, sp. n.

?. Fulvous, pilose ; base of alar stigma and mandibles

black. Mesonotum finely punctured; pleurz smooth,

shining. Antenne shorter than abdomen, thick, covered

with longish stiff hairs. Wings hyaline, the apical fourth

with a faint black cloud; nervures blackish; costa yellow;

second recurrrent nervure received a little piece beyond

the second submarginal. ‘The basal joint of the tarsus is

longer than all the other joints combined.

Length 43 lines; alar. exp. 114 lines.

Hab.— West Yunan (Dr. Anderson).

This species is sufficiently distinguished from B. stigma-

ticalis, Cam., by its entirely fulvous colour and non-inter-

stitiate second recurrent nervure.

SIOBLA, gen. nov.

Anterior wings with two marginal and four submarginal

cellules, the second and third of the latter receiving each

a recurrent nervure. lanceolate cellule with an oblique

cross nervure; posterior wings with two middle cellules.

Antenne nine-jointed, the apical joints thickened, the third

joint much longer than fourth ; clypeus small, the apex

* The generic names Anisoarthra and Anisoneura (Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond. 1876, Pt. III. pp. 461, 463) being preoccupied, I now propose for

them the names of Senoclia and Beleses respectively. Iam told by Mr. F.

Smith that the locality for Senoclia cyanella (J. ¢. p. 462) is New Guinea,

and not Ceylon.—P. C.

new genera and species of Tenthredinide. 89

truncated; eyes large, reaching to near the base of the

mandibles.

The genus described here possesses certain characters

which separate it from the allied genera of Tenthredo and

Macrophya. It has the four submarginal cellules and the

middle cellules in the posterior wings as in Tenthredo, but

has the lanceolate cellule of Emphytus, z.e., having an

oblique cross nervure. In the form of the antennez also it

does not differ very much from Zenthredo, but the clypeus

is truncated at the apex and much smaller than in that

genus. Macrophya Sturmit, Klug, is stated to have an

oblique cross nervure in the lanceolate cellule, thereby

differing from the other species in the genus, but in the

present genus the coxe are smaller and the posterior

ealearia much shorter. than in Macrophya, while it is

further distinguished from it by the form of the clypeus.

The claws are bifid.

Tenthredo incerta, Cam., must be referred to this

genus, but I know not if Macrophya Sturmii belongs to

it, not having a specimen of that species to examine.

Siobla Mooreana, sp. n.

8. Black, pilose, half shining, punctured; four apical

joints of antenn, clypeus, labrum, palpi, pronotum,

scutellum, postscutellum, a thin line across the apex of

metanotum, a round point below the tegulze (which are

black), two narrow bands at the base of abdomen, base of

coxe, trochanters, base of femora, four anterior femora at

apex, four anterior tibiz and tarsi, basal half of posterior

tibiz and base of tarsal joimts, with the calcaria, white.

Mandibles black. Pleurze opaque, punctured, with a fine

pile; front projecting, emarginated. Scutellum raised,

smooth, shining. Antenne pilose at base; second submar-

ginal cellule slichtly angled in the middle, where it receives

the first recurrent nervure. The abdomen is smooth and

shining, and bears shallow punctures.

Length 42 lines; alar. exp. 12 lines.

Hab.—W. Yunan (Dr. Anderson).

S. Mooreana is easily known from S. incerta by the

absence of red coloration on the thorax, the white on the

head and apex of antenne, &c.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART II. ‘JUNE.) H

90 Mr. Peter Cameron’s descriptions of

Genus ATHALIA, Leach.

Athalia spinarum, Fab. var. Orientalis, Cam.

Differs from the European form in having the costa at

base, the basal joints of antennze and the epistoma luteous,

the thorax black only behind the scutellum ; there being

also a luteous mark on the metanotum, and the wings are

not yellowish.

Hab.—India.

Bearing in mind that a somewhat similar form occurs

in Japan, differing only in having more black on the

thorax (the black colour extending to the mesonotum), [I

do not feel myself justified in giving specific rank to this

variety, more especially as all the species are more or less

variable. ;

Genus Hytotoma, Latr.

Fylotoma excisa, sp. n.

@. Deep bluish-black, shining, with shallow punctures

and a short pale pile. Pro- and meso-thorax with the

scutellum ferruginous; the sternum bluish-black. Wings

deeply smoky, slightly paler at the apex. Blotch large;

anus incised as in HZ. berberidis. ‘The antenne and feet

have not the bluish tinge observable on the abdomen.

Length 44 lines; alar. exp. 10 lines.

Hab.—Penang.

Similar to H. captiva, Sm., but differs in its bluish-

lack colour and darker wings.

Hylotoma bipunctata, sp. n.

o. Luteous, shining, covered with a pale pubescence,

and very finely punctured. Head, antenne, four anterior

legs, base and apex of four posterior femora, and posterior

tibise and tarsi, dull black, with a bluish tinge, and a line

of black dots on back of abdomen. Above the clypeus

are two conspicuous punctures. Wings fuscous, paler at

the apex; costa and stigma blackish. The metanotum is

faintly marked with black.

Length 4 lines; alar. exp. 93 lines.

Hab.—India.

Comes near to HZ. lutea, Cam., but is easily distinguished

by the dark antenne.

new genera and species of Tenthredinide. 91

Hylotoma interstitialis, sp. n.

2. Reddish-Iuteous. Antenne, head, scutellum, meta-

notum and sternum, back of abdomen and legs, bluish-

black, with a faint purplish tinge. The luteous colour of

the abdomen is paler than that of the thorax. Wings

smoky, with a purplish tinge, the posterior pair a little

paler ; costa, stigma and nervures deep black; 2nd recur-

rent nervure interstitiate.

Length 6 lines; alar. exp. 13 lines.

_Hab.— Darjeeling.

Its comparative large size, small head and interstitiate

2nd recurrent nervure form a ready means of separating

this species from its allies.

Hylotoma simlaensis, sp. n.

¢@. Luteous. Head, antennz, scutellum, metanotum

and sternum bluish-black; apex of tibize and joints of

tarsi broadly annulated with black. Mesonotum smooth,

shining, and finely punctured, with three very faint marks;

one in front and one on each side. Wings hyaline, ner

vures black, and with a faint cloud below the stigma.

Length 33 lines; alar. exp. nearly 8 lines,

Hab.—Simla.

Not unlike our H. rose, but differs in the luteous

mesonotum, deep black antennz, the wings not yellow,

and with black nervures.

Hylotoma pagana, Pz.

This species occurs at Penang.

Lophyrus pini, L.

A & Lophyrus, with the cocoon from which it was bred

from Sahaumopore, N. W. India, appears to be this common

species, but some of the males in this genus are not easily

identified.

ANCYLONEURA, gen. n.

Antennz 13-jointed, the two basal joints small, nearly

equal, the third nearly as long as the two following; the

fourth a very little longer than fifth, the remaining joints

becoming gradually smaller and thicker, more closely

packed together and covered with a close but not very

long pile; the last joint conical. Clypeus semitruncated

at apex ; labrum large, apex semicircular ; palpi very

H 2

92 Mr. Peter Cameron’s descriptions, §c.

long. Head narrower than the thorax ; eyes reaching to

the base of the labrum. Scutellum large, orbicular,

convex. Legs short, stout; the tibiz thickened at apex

and provided with two short spurs; the basal joint of

tarsus is longer than the succeeding four, and slightly

thicker; the fifth is as long as the preceding three; the

fourth is very small; the second a very little longer than

third; the posterior tarsi are shorter than tibie; the

anterior nearly as long. Wings with one marginal and

four submarginal cellules; the first and second sub-

marginal are nearly of equal size; the third is a little

longer than second; the fourth as nearly as long as the

other three combined, dilated at the apex; the first sub-

marginal nervure is nearly obliterated in the middle; the

first recurrent nervure is curved and long, the second

much shorter, oblique. Lanceolate cellule contracted ;

posterior wings with no middle cellule. The costal cellule

in the anterior wings has the costa from the stigma to the

end of the cellule thickened (I can scarcely say that there

is a distinct nervure surrounding it, as in Brachytoma) ;

and at the apex of costal cellule in posterior wing there is

a small appendicular cellule as in Hy/lotoma.

Belongs to the Lophyrides. From Lophyrus it is

distinguished by the structure of lanceolate cellule and

the appendicular cellule in posterior wings. From Bra-

chytoma it differs in the characters of the antennal joints

and in the appendicular cellule, in posterior wings.

Ancyloneura varipes, sp. 0.

¢?. Black, shining, covered with a fine whitish down,

and with shallow punctures; mandibles piceous; antennz

a little longer than head and thorax. Legs, cox, tro-

chanters, two anterior femora (except at apex), apical

half of posterior tibize and posterior tarsi, black; knees,

tibize, and four anterior tarsi, sordid white; two posterior

femora reddish-testaceous. Wings hyaline at base,

dilute fuscous at apex. In second submarginal cellule is

a distinct horny point.

Length 4 lines; alar. exp. 6 lines.

Hab.— Aru.

I may take this opportunity of stating that I am at

present studying the Zenthredinide and Cynipide of the

Old World. I should feel greatly obliged to any one

who could aid me with material.

@B230y)

VIII. The Geographical Distribution of Danais Ar-

chippus. By W. L. Disranr.

[Read 7th March, 1877.]

Wiru the exception of Pyramets Cardui, Danais Archip-

pus seems soon likely to become the most cosmopolitan of

butterflies. It oceurs in the New World from Canada to

Bolivia and has spread over some of the islands of the

Pacific to Queensland and New Guinea. But the great

interest which attaches to this insect is, that its dispersion

is now taking place over wide areas, almost, we may say,

before our eyes; and thus we may not only, by the strict

logic of analogy, understand some of the processes by which

other butterflies have acquired a wide distribution, but

also in this case have an opportunity of watching for local

modifications of form and colour, without the species proves

to have a more rigid adherence to original type under

different conditions than seems to have been the case with

other species of the genus. Species to which it is con-

colorous, as Plexippus, Chrysippus and Gilippus, have

allied to them a number of forms, which, though locally

constant, are called by some Entomologists species, and by

others considered only as varieties, whilst amongst other

species of the genus which are associated by a difierent

shade of coloration the same thing equally applies to a

number of distinct and equally constant local forms or

species approximating more or less to Aglea and Limniace.

Its sudden appearance in Queensland for the first time

and in large numbers was recorded by Mr. Miskin a few

years ago,* and we can now also add it to our own fauna,

two specimens on good authority having been taken in this

country in the autumn of last year—the first on the

6th September, at Neath, 5. Wales,f the second at Hay-

ward’s Heath on the 17th October,} and as we can scarcely

believe that English Entomologists are perfectly ubiquitous

* Ent. Mo. Mag. vol. viii. p. 17, 1871.

+ Ib. vol. xiii. p. 107.

$ Entomologist, vol. ix. p. 265. Since this was written a third example

has been recorded as taken in Sussex in September last.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—-PART Il. (JUNE.)

94 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Geographical Distribution

it is more than probable that many other specimens of

D. Archippus have reached our shores, though possibly

not till and about this time. Whether it becomes a

thorough colonist in this country or not, if we examine

some of the factors which must necessarily be of the greatest -

advantage in aiding the wide distribution of Lepidoptera,

it will be clearly seen that D. Archippus is peculiarly

favoured and enjoys a preponderance of those conditions

which tend to its dispersal and favour its survival.

The causes and conditions which effect and qualify the

distribution of Lepidoptera have, as_ regards insects,

generally been fully treated by Mr. Wallace, and with his

usual appreciation of efficient causes ;* and may, perhaps,

be summarized as means of dispersal and conditions which

are favourable to their survival in a new habitat.

As regards the “means of dispersal” of this butterfly

we need have no recourse to past geological changes, how-

ever great a part those depressions and upheavals may have

performed in the range of other insects, and we are justified

in considering the principal and only factors, as winds, cur-

rents, and the agency of man. With the first two means

of dispersal is involved a phase of the question which is

still of the greatest obscurity, ¢.e., as to voluntary or in-

voluntary migration. By the term voluntary migration is

understood those (to us) apparently purposeless flights of

butterflies, often in immense swarms, of which we have

had graphic accounts from such travellers as Darwin when

as far south on the east coast of S. America as the Bay of

San Blas, by Bates and Spruce on the Amazon, by Belt

at Nicaragua, by Jones at Bermuda, and numerous other

excellent and qualified observers. It is in our present

ignorance of the impelling cause of these movements that

we give them the name of voluntary in contradistinction

to those occasional migrations through the force of gales

of wind and like causes, or by the eggs or pups being

carried on the branches or in the roots of trees, down the

length of great rivers or across the sea.

The original habitat of this species is the New World,

though whether it first appeared in the Nearctic (as is

probable) or Neotropical region, it is not to our pre-

sent purpose to inquire, and it will be convenient to trace

its migration thence in two lines: firstly, eastwards to

* Geo. Dist. of Animals, vol. i. pp. 33, 34.

of Danais Archippus. 95

Europe and the Azores, and then westward to the South

Sea Isles and Australia.

That the winds alone are a great agency of dispersal

with the Lepidoptera cannot be doubted with the number

of authentic records we have of butterflies and moths being

found far at sea and great distances from the nearest land ;*

and it will readily be understood that butterflies of high

and strong flight, especially when at certain seasons they

become gregarious, must have a greater chance of being

borne on the wings of a strong wind or carried away by a

sudden gale than those insects whose flight is low, or whose

habits are more solitary and secluded. Now we know that

D. Archippus has a powerful flight, often sailing with

wings expanded high in the air, and was frequently seen

by EK. Doubleday crossing the Ohio and Mississippi,

where those streams were more than a mile in breadth,f

and Mr. Gosse, describing the insect in Jamaica as flying

low about the logwood hedges, says, ‘but there are no

trees near, or it would probably have towered above

them.”{ We also learn from Mr. Riley that the butterfly

appears in large bevies or flocks almost every year in some

part or other of the west. In September, 1868, accounts

were received of their sudden appearance in different parts

of the city of Madison, Wisconsin, and at Manteno, Ills. ;

whilst on the 19th of that month at St. Joseph, Mo.,

millions of them were seen filling the air to the height of

three or four hundred feet, for several hours flying from

north to south. In the spring of 1870 a remarkable

swarm was seen at Manhattan about the middle of April,

and which, as reported by a resident of that place, came

rapidly with a strong wind from the N.W., and filled the

atmosphere all round for more than an hour, sometimes so

as to eclipse the light. Mr. Riley further remarks, “this

assembling in large flocks at a considerable height would

always be a source of danger to them when overtaken by

a gale of wind, when there would be a great probability of

their being carried out to sea.”§

D. Archippus has likewise a longevity in the imago

condition, which would also assist its survival on a long and

forced migration, Mr. Mitchell having kept a female alive

for forty days. She was kept in an empty wardian case,

* See Miller, Trans. Ent. Soc, 1871.

t Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 90.

t Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, vol. ii. p. 114.

§ Third Ann. Rep. of Ins of Miss. p. 161.

96 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Geographical Distribution

being fed on some weak sugar and water, and Mr. Mitchell

thinks she might have lived longer, but that in the mean-

time he had filled up his case with plants, and as she

persisted in keeping near the glass, her wings were con-

tinuously drenched by the moisture collected onit.* ‘This

butterfly also hybernates, though Mr. Riley remarks whe-

ther any but the impregnated females survive until the

milk weeds commence to grow is not definitely ascer-

tained.

In the Atlantic Ocean, to the north of the parallel of

35°, there is a very decided prevalence of winds from the

westward. In the southern and south-western position

of this broad region they blow almost continuously from

S.W., or veering from that to W.; and are often found

much further south, near the American coast, during the

summer months, when southerly and south-westerly winds

are common to the coasts of Florida and Georgia.t The

most furious gales of wind frequently blow across this

region in the same direction. Even gales that take their

rise on the coast of Africa, and as far down on that side

as the parallels of 10° or 15° N. lat., have, it has been

shown by an examination of log-books, made straight for

the Gulf Stream: joining it, they have then been known to

turn about, and, travelling with it, to reach the shores of

Kurope.t Mr. Packard, jun., has lately drawn attention

to the agency of the average direction of the winds in

influencing “the migration of the destructive locust of

the west.” § Prof. Baird, in his memoir on the distribution

and migration of North American birds, has shown a

strong analogy to what might have occurred in the case

- of D. Archippus. Most specimens of American birds

recorded as found in Europe were taken in England

(about fifty out of sixty-nine), and in nearly all cases

these specimens belonged to species abundant during

summer in New England and the Kastern provinces of

British America, and in the great majority of instances

their occurrence here has been in the autumnal months.

Prof. Baird therefore concludes that the transfer of Ame-

rican birds to Europe is principally, if not entirely, by

# Am. Nat. vol. vi. p. 237.

+ This subject has been most exhaustively treated in detail by the late

J. H. Coffin, and completed by his son 8. J. Coffin and Dr. Woeikof, in

Smith. Trans. vol. xx.

{ Maury, Phys. Geo. of Sea, p. 33.

§ Am. Nat. vol. xi. p. 22.

of Danais Archippus. 97

the agency of the winds in seizing them during the period

of their migration (the autumnal especially), when they

follow the coast, or cross its curves. Carried off, away

out to sea, mainly from about the lat. of 45° (the line of

greatest intensity of the winds), the first land they can

make is that of England, whence the fact, that most of

the species have occurred in the British Islands.*

Winds alone can scarcely be considered the only cause

of the migration of butterflies over wide areas of sea,

though of the highest efficacy for the purpose. When

met with far away from land they seem glad to alight

on the vessel for rest, and no doubt vast numbers must

succumb to the waves; for, apart from the vigour required

to sustain such a long flight, the spray in rough weather

would sufficiently damp their wings to prevent any onward

progress, and very rarely would one be likely to survive

the long flight across the breadth of the ocean. That the

flight of butterflies is often powerful is sufficiently well

known; and Mr. Horne states he has seen them ‘ keep

up with an Indian railway train, going at the rate of about

twenty-eight miles an hour, with the greatest ease for a

considerable time.”

There is still another means of transit between the

Nearctic home of D. Archippus and these shores. The

Gulf Stream, that “river of the ocean,” is ever flowing

towards us, bearing its flotsam and jetsam of trees, roots

and other natural débris. On the northern coast of Spitz-

bergen has been found “ entada gigalobium,” a bean of

tropical America, discovered also on all the shores washed

by the Gulf Stream from Florida to Norway.t The drift

wood from the West Indian Islands is found in consider-

able quantity on the south coast of Iceland, where, “ on

the beach under Snaefell, trees with their roots and scraps

of bark, logs of mahogany, and seeds which grow in

Jamaica at the nearest, roll in the surf.”§ Sir Charles

Lyell quotes the instance of a boa constrictor conveyed

alive by the current to the island of St. Vincent, twisted

round the trunk of a large sound cedar tree.|| But even

to our own shores have arrived at various times the same

* Am. Journ. of Science and Arts, Jan. 1865; reprint in Ibis, 1867,

p. 257, &c.

¢ Zoologist, New Ser. p. 1767. , #

Ripley’s and Dana’s Am. Cyclopedia, vol. ii. p. 77.

§ Frost and Fire, vol. i. p. 434.

|| Prin. Geology, vol. il. p. 369.

98 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Geographical Distribution

wanderers. The hawk’s-bill turtle (Chelonia imbricata),

so common in the American seas, has been taken in the

Severn, and the leather tortoise (C. coriacea) on the coast

of Cornwall.* On the shores of the Hebrides have been

collected seeds of Mimosa scandens, Dolichos urens,

Guilandina bondue, and several other plants of Jamaica,

Cuba and the neighbouring continent. Maury mentions

the instance in one year of great numbers of bonita and

albercore, following the Gulf Stream, having entered the

English Channel and alarmed the fishermen of Cornwall

and Devon by the havoc which they created among the

pilchards there.{ ‘This extension of the Gulf Stream to

our shores in certain years rests on undeniable authority.

Sir Edward Sabine drew attention to the mildness of the

winter of 1845-46, which was remarkable for its mild-

ness, its heavy rains and floods, and unusual prevalence

of its westerly gales, in which it resembled the winter of

1821-22, when the temperature of the sea in the Bay of

Biscay was found to be several degrees warmer than usual.

The same thing was remarked by Dr. Franklin in the

same spot in November, 1776.§ It is a somewhat inte-

resting coincidence that, with our present winter of con-

tinuous rains, floods and westerly winds and gales, about

the time that D. Archippus reached our shores, some

other remarkable visitors have been recorded. “ Pyra-

mets virginiensis,’ another American butterfly, at South

Devon in September.|| Flying fish (L2zocetus evolans)

at the mouth of the Bristol Channel in August,{ and the

bonito (Scomber pelamys) at Plymouth in September.**

D. Archippus was recorded from the Azores by Mr.

Godman. He met with two specimens of the insect

there, though he did not capture either himself. One was

taken at Flores in 1864, the other at Fayal in the same

year. Both were females. Mr. Godman did not con-

sider the insect as established in the Azores, though as he

states “the fact of its having been obtained from two

islands so widely separated is a curious coincidence.”

* Prin. Geology, vol. ii. p. 369.

+ Humboldt, Per. Narr., Bohn’s Eng. ed. vol. i. p. 22. See also Pen-

nant’s Voyage to the Hebrides.

{ Phys. Geo. of Sea, p. 28.

§ Lon., Ed. and Dub. Phil. Mag. yol. xxviii. p. 317.

|| Entomologist, vol. ix. p. 255.

- € Zoologist, vol. xi. p. 5128.

** Tb. 38rd Ser. vol. 1. p. 27.

of Danais Archippus. 99

He, however, met with no one who knew the insect or

had seen it before.*

The fauna and flora of the Azores have a great pre-

ponderance of the European element, but still have a few

American emigrants, amongst which beetles are well

represented. Two Elaters, ‘Qolus melliculus” and ‘‘ Mo-

nocrepidius posticus,” both colonists from the South

American coast, and Teniotes scalaris, a longicorn.t

These insects probably pass their larval stage in timber,

and so the Gulf Stream, which continuously breaks on

the shores of the Azores, is probably the cause of their

introduction. Many and various are the flotsam and

jetsam which have been conveyed by these means to those

shores, some of which are said to have quickened the mind

of Columbus as to the existence of unknown western

regions. Westerly winds are here also the prevalent ones,

winds and currents as usual going together.

Winds and currents are also to be relied on in the

dispersal of D. Archippus to the South Sea Isles and

Australia. The equatorial current flows nearly across

the whole breadth of the Pacific, until, as Mr. Laughton

observes, ‘‘ it feels the pressure of the islands which form

a barrier off the coast of Asia, and extend far to the south.

On their eastern limit south of the equator these islands,

New Ireland, the Salomon Islands, the New Hebrides,

New Caledonia, the Fiji Islands, backed up by New

Guinea and by the northern part of Australia, form a

nearly continuous line reaching to the southern tropic, in

a south-easterly direction, and cause almost the whole of

the equatorial current to turn to the north.” { At the same

time, on each side of the equator, the north-east and south-

east trade winds blow toward this current, and waifs and

strays from the land must be continually tending towards

its stream. The nature of the drift has been well de-

scribed by Mr. Bennett. In lat. 2° 53’ S., long. 174° 55’

E., a remarkable white line was observed on the surface

of the ocean, about two miles a head of the ship, and

bearing the appearance of a low surf, breaking on a sand

bank or reef. It proved to be an undulated line of froth,

or scum, several yards in width, extending on either side

as far as was visible with the naked eye, and accompanied

* Nat. Hist. of the Azores, p. 102.

+ Crotch. Ib.

{ Phy. Geog. in Relation to prevailing Winds and Currents, p. 228,

100 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Geographical Distribution

with a heterogeneous assemblage of floating mollusks,

small fish, crabs and other marine animals, drift wood

and oceanic birds, these last either dead or in a torpid

and helpless state on the surface of the sea. As Mr. Ben-

nett well remarks, this line of miscellanies on the ocean

denoted the termination of a current, which in its progress

had swept the surrounding waters of their passive or feeble

denizens, and had borne them thus far in a dense and con-

fused mass.*

The agency of man in the distribution of this butterfly

is another cause which, like “winds and currents,” must

be estimated as an efficient but only probable, or perhaps

possible, cause.

In a short article by Mr. Scudder} on the introduction

of this butterfly into the Pacific Islands, he gives, from

the information of a correspondent, the fact of the young

larvee being found for the first time in Ponape, of the

Caroline Range, feeding on some young milk weeds which

had just been accidentally introduced amongst some other

plants contained in a wardian case from Honolulu.

Pickering, in enumerating the introduced plants of

Polynesia, states that within the past century, and for the

most part within the memory of persons now living, a

variety of animals and plants have been introduced into the

islands of the Pacific in European and American vessels.

He was informed at the Hawaiin Islands that the centi-

pedet was “introduced five years previously from Mazat-

lan.” It had greatly multiplied at Honolulu, where the

“ house scorpion” likewise abounded, and was likewise be-

lieved to have been imported from Mazatlan.§ Mr. Bennett

also relates that ‘after we had been at sea for several

weeks, and even months, it was not uncommon to find on

board the ‘ Tuscan’ many birds and land insects in a living

state, from the hardy beetle to the delicate and more

ephemeral butterfly, whose germs had probably been re-

ceived on board together with supplies of fruit and vege-

tables.”|| There seems one objection to the theory of the

dispersal of D. Archippus being incidental on chance

dispersion of its ova on the leaves of its food plant. The

egos take but a few weeks to hatch, and the young larvee

* Whaly, Voy. Round the World, vol. ii. pp. 62—64.

+ “Psyche,” vol. i. p. 81.

t See Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques, No. 166.

§ Races of Man, p. 339.

|| Whaly, Voy. Round the World, vol. i. p. 252.

of Danais Archippus. 101

would probably soon be seen, or their depredations on the

food plant must be soon discovered; but although this is not

a fatal objection, the undeniable introduction of the genus

Asclepias by the agency of man is one of the most im-

portant necessities for the continuance of the existence of

this butterfly, however or by what means its own dispersal

has occurred.

Having glanced at the means of dispersal, we will now

briefly examine the conditions that must be favourable to

the survival of this butterfly in a new habitat.

Istly. Lhe presence of its food plant.—It is scarcely

necessary to remark that however a butterfly may be dis-

persed by winds, waves or the agency of man, without its

food plant also exists, it has little chance of surviving in

a new habitat, excepting in the rarer instance of adapta-

bility to a new food in another genus or family of plants.

Now the favourite food of D. Archippus is the various

species of the genus Asclepias, to one of which, however,

* A. phytolaccoides,” according to Mr. Riley, it shows a

‘wonderful dislike” As regards the range of this genus

we cannot do better than quote from the “ Genera Plan-

tarum.” ‘ Species ad 60, plereeque Americe borealis

Mexico inclusa incole, pauce in America centrali V

australi obvie, 2 Africanze, 1 per regiones calidiores utrius-

que orbis late dispersa, in plerisque tamen locis inquilina.”

This wide ranging species is the A. curassavica, Linn.,

and which in the South Sea Isles has been recorded from

Eromanga, New Hebrides and the Tongan and Society

Isles, “ probably imtroduced as not known to the older

botanists.” *

Professor Westwood reminds me that no Asclepias is

found wild in Europe. The original habitat of the genus

Asclepias agrees with that of D. Archippus, for, as

De Candolle observes in treating of A. curassavica as found

in the Society Isles, “mais il me parait évident quwil

s'est échappé des jardins, ou qu'il a été apporté dans

ces localités. On sait combien cette plante se multiplie

aisément;” and as the majority of the species of Asclepias

are American, he further remarks, “ce qui me parait

indiquer assez clairement Vorigine.”{ A. fructicosa is

recorded from the Azores, but is a South African species,

and Mr. Watson considers it is there only as a

* B. Seeman, Flora Vitiensis, p. 161.

+ Géographie Botanique, tome ii. p. 788.

102. Mr. W. L. Distant’s Geographical Distribution

casual escape from gardens.* This introduced plant at

the Azores, now apparently establishing its habitat, will

be one of the most favourable conditions to D. Archippus

surviving in the same locality; and it would be deeply

interesting to know whether that butterfly has again

appeared or established itself at the Azores since the visit

of Mr. Godman.

2ndly. Jts immunity or protection from the attacks of

birds, &c.—In its larval condition it has been found by

Mr. Riley to be refused by turkeys, chickens, toads or

snakes; and this has been ascribed to the odour, which,

scarcely appreciable when the larvee are in the open air, is

pungent and nauseous in the extreme when a few of them

are shut up a short time in a tight box.f May not this

probably be from the nature of its food plant? Most of the

species of the genus Asclepias possess powerful medicinal

properties, especially the roots of A. curassavica. Its gay

colour is likewise considered a protection; but if we look

at the fleshy processes or horns of the larva as also pro-

tective, we shall find that it compares unfavourably in that

respect with the larvee of D. Plexippus and Chrysippus

as figured by Horsefield and Moore, and D. Berenice as

figured by Boisduval and Lecomte, all of which species

have three pairs of these fleshy processes, whilst D.

Archippus has but two. ‘The larva only obtains its

bright colours slowly, or rather they become developed as

it increases in growth; hence upon the hypothesis of colour

protection we should have expected the larva to have had

the same immunity in its younger stages, or else the

theory must break down. But for this there remains

another contingency, as, from Mr. Riley’s description of

the young larva, it is covered with minute black bristles

arising from still more minute warts; and as we know

that most hairy caterpillars are likewise the rejected of

birds, it seems in this case that the young larve, though

obscurely coloured, are as much protected by their hairy

coats as they are later on by a totally different and more

showy exterior. It is also protected in the perfect condi-

tion probably by the same odour which affords its larvae

immunity from the attacks of birds, &e. It is unnecessary

to descant upon the extreme importance of this protection,

as the absence of insectivorous birds, or an immunity from

* Nat. Hist. of the Azores, p. 194.

+ Third Ann. Rep. of Ins. of Miss. p. 149.

of Danais Archippus. 103

the attacks of the same, would be most necessary to a

few lepidopteral colonists, struggling in a new land to

establish their naturalization.

3rdly. Insects which quickly develop from egg to imago

can effect their transformations during the warmth of a

short summer in a higher latitude than their original

habitat.—I have not hitherto met with notice of this im-

portant factor. Taking an example from the vegetable

world, the annuals which adorn our gardens, though often

indigenous to more tropical climes, are yet enabled to run

their course from the seed stage to leafing and flowering

and back to the seed stage again during our short sum-

mer, solely through the rapidity with which they perform

their cycle of existence. Like causes must produce like

results in the life of a butterfly, that can effect its trans-

formation in regions so climatically diverse as Canada and

Central America. The larva of D. Archippus has but

three moults, and frequently acquires its full growth within

three weeks from hatching, and remains in the pupa con-

dition only about ten days;* whilst, according to Mr.

Edwards, there are, at least presumably, three broods yearly

in W. Virginia—one early in June, the second about the

beginning of August, and in September or October is a

third brood, which hybernate.t

To recapitulate—Starting with the assumption of

North America as the original home of this butterfly,

we have seen that winds and currents are in all cases

in strict accordance with its distribution, whether from

one side of the continent to Europe and the Azores or

from the other to the South Sea Islands and Australia;

that its high flight and gregarious habits would favour

its dissemination by gales of wind; that prevalent winds

would continue to waft it in the direction of its new abode;

and that beneath it would flow oceanic currents, bearing

their natural flotsam and jetsam, frequently trunks of trees,

in the same direction. Analogy would lead us to suppose

that the occurrence of these butterflies being blown out to

sea would be a frequent one; but the number that could

successfully cross a wide ocean would be very few and

only at very wide intervals of time. Now we learn from

Mr. Riley that these butterflies hybernate through the

winter and often appear in immense swarms in the autumn.

# Riley. Ib.

} Canadian Entomologist,

104 Mx. W. L. Distant’s Geographical Distribution, §c.

Supposing one of these swarms to be blown out to sea by

a strong gale, again carried on by the prevalent winds,

many ever succumbing, a few still being borne along, this

remnant gradually becoming less, often totally extinct,

but at some favoured time a floating trunk becoming a

shelter for hybernation, the ocean currents bearing many

of these trunks along their streams, few, very few being

. east at all on an opposite continent or island, and still

fewer that should possess a hybernating butterfly, and we

shall at once see how seldom colonization by these means

would be, and yet how efficacious a movement of disper-

sion it becomes. We have also seen how its food plant

has by the agency of man been carried to most of the

countries where it has found a new home, and that its

ova may have been carried by the same agency. But

though its dispersal by these means is necessarily of a very

slow and rare description, its survival in a new abode has

been seen to have everything in its favour. The wide

range of its food plant is combined with an immunity from

attacks of enemies, whilst its rapid mode of effecting its

transformations renders it capable of completing its cycle

of existence during a short summer and hybernating

through a cold winter in temperate climes, or through a

time of drought in the torrid zone. Nature seems thus to

reveal one of her processes, which appearing to depend on

something allied to chance, yet in her own good time

effects those complexities of fauna which not the Ento-

mologist alone finds in examining typical faunas one of

the most involved problems and unexplained phenomena.

Since reading the above, I have been referred to a paper

by Dr. Semper, “ Die Wanderung von Danais Erippus,

nach den Siidsee-Inseln, Australien und Celebes,” pub-

lished in the ** Journal des Museum Godeftroy,” Heft IV.,

which I have as yet been unable to see.

GA0me )

IX. On the Lepidoptera of the Amazons, collected by

James W. H. Traiz, Esq., during the years

1873 to 1875. By ARTHUR GARDINER Burt er,

HI. S., E-Zes:, &c;

[Read 4th April, 1877.]

Part 1.—RHOPALOCERA.

The large collection of Lepidoptera made by Mr. Trail

was obtained over a very wide area, and consequently

is of great interest. The expedition to which Mr. Trail

was attached was sent out by the Amazon Steam Naviga-

tion Company, and his duty was to furnish botanical

reports on the country, with the object, apparently, of —

learning the nature and capabilities of the country. It

was in no way a government expedition, and, although

Mr. Trail was permitted to make botanical and "zoological

collections, it was no part of his official duty.

The following summary of the ground gone over by

the expedition “has been kindly forwarded to me by

Mr. Trail, in order that some idea may be given of where

the insects were collected :—

** The expedition ascended the Amazons to Tabatinga,

and also ascended several of the side rivers to the rapids,

distances of from 100 to 800 miles. The side rivers

ascended were, in order of time, the Trombetas, the

Tapajos, the Jamunda, the Mauhes, the Abacaxis, the

Madeira, the Rio Negro, the Purus, the Jurud, the

Javary, and the Jutahi. About half the Rhopalocera

and the greater part of the Heterocera were taken during

five months spent on the four rivers last mentioned, and

on the Solimoes or Upper Amazon.”

“ Owing to the very short stay usually made at any one

place by the expedition of which I was a member, as well

as to my time being usually taken up with botanical work

during such stoppages, I was seldom able to secure more

than a very few specimens from each locality.”

After reading the above, it is a fact highly creditable to

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1877.

PART II. (JUNE.) I

106 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

Mr. Trail, that he secured no less than 274 species of

butterflies alone, in the intervals between his official

duties. Of the species collected many are very rare, and

several are beautiful new forms; but the greatest merit of

the collection consists in the extreme care with which the

precise locality, date of capture, and (where practicable) the

habit of each specimen, is registered. With the assistance

of such valuable information as Mr. Trail has thus given us,

any collector may know positively where and at what time

he is likely to obtain examples of the species here recorded;

whilst the cabinet naturalist may form some opinion re-

specting their economy, as, for instance, whether or not

they produce one, two, or even more broods in a year.

The Heterocerous Lepidoptera, which are more nume-

rous and far more difficult to determine than the butterflies,

must be reserved for a future communication.

My thanks are due to Messrs. Druce and Hewitson for

kindly permitting me to consult their cabinets in order to

the more satisfactory determination of some of the ob-

scurer groups.

Family NYMPHALID 2.

Danainé, Bates.

Danats, Latreille.

1. Danais eresimus.

Papilio eresimus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. u. pl. 175,

Crs Jel Clr),

Low swamp at Prainha, 16th and 17th November, and

8th December, 1873; Rio Sapo, 21st November, and

Tunantins, 24th November, 1874. Captured in the marsh

upon a white composite flower, Marokyopoton.

Heliconoid DANAINZ-.

Mernona, Doubleday.

2. Methona confusa.

Methona confusa, Butler, Cist. Ent. 1. p. 151, n. 1

(1873).

Alter do Chao, 7th January; forest behind Arimanahy,

9th, beach at Samauma, Rio Tapajos, 13th, Obydos,

26th March; Conceicao, Rio Mauhes, 7th May; Tunan-

tins, 23rd November, 1874; and Serpa, 13th February,

Almeyrim, 19th February, 1875.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 107

Dircenna, Doubleday.

3. Dircenna rhoéo.

Dircenna rhoéo, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monatschr.

iy. p. 102, n. 58 (1860).

In the bush at Serpa, 25th April, and Rio Madeira,

4th June, 1874.

4, Dircenna obfuscata.

Dircenna obfuscata, Butler, Cist. Ent. i. p. 151,

n. 2 (1873).

Prainha, 26th November, 1873; Rio Purus, 11th

September, 1874.

IrnHomia, Hubner.

5. Ithomia cornelia.

Heliconia cornelie, Guérin, Icon. Régne Anim.

Ins. texte, p. 472 (1844).

Teffé, 18th December, 1874.

PreronyMIA, Butler § Druce.

6. Pteronymia sao.

Hymenitis sao, Hiibner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett.

figs. 767, 768 (1832).

Woods at Prainha, 14th November, in low swamp,

16th, 17th, and 8th December, 1873; also at Obydos,

24th January, 1874.

Leucoruyris, Butler §& Druce.

7. Leucothyris epicharme.

Ithomia epicharme, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monatschr.

vi. p. 77, n. 60 (1862).

Pupunha, Rio Jurud, 5th November, and Tabatinga,

30th, 1874.

8. Leucothyris virginia.

Ithomia virginia, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. 1. Ith.

pl. 3, fig. 18 (1852).

Forest at Fritoria of Joas Gabriel, Rio Purus, 16th

September, at Gepatiny 30th; Porto Salvo, 4th October,

and at Urucaca, Rio Jurud, Ist November, 1874.

9. Leucothyris perspicua, n. sp.

Allied to L. onega and L. epicharme ; primaries quite

as in the latter species; black, with a cuneiform basi-

108 Mr. A. G. Butler en the

discoidal patch, an oblique spot beyond it; a subapical

internally-excavated band, and a pyriform spot on first

median interspace, hyaline white; secondaries hyaline

white, with the costal and external margins rather broadly

black-bordered, as in ZL. flora; primaries below with a

dull red submarginal streak; one or two whitish dots

near the apex; secondaries with the costal margin and a

submarginal streak continuous with it dull red; about

seven white dots near the margin: expanse of wings

2 inches 1 line.

Parana quara, EK. bank of Rio Madeira, near Sapucaia

oroca, 5th June; Urucaca, Rio Jurud, lst November,

1874.

10. Leucothyris terra.

Ithomia terra, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. 1. Jth. pl. 3,

fic. 16 (1852).

Pupunha, Rio Jurua, 1st November, 1874.

11. Leucothyris oriana.

Ithomia oriana, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. u. Ith.

pl. 22, fig. 134 (1859).

Forest at Rio Javary, 6th December, 1874.

NAPEOGENES, Bates.

12. Napeogenes adelphe, var.

Napeogenes adelphe, Bates, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii.

p. 534, n. 3 (1862).

Forest behind Arimanahy, 10th January, Uricurituba,

Rio Tapajos, 17th March, 1874; Para, 6th March, 1875.

Sais, Hubner.

13. Sais rosalia.

Papilio rosalia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 246, B

(1782).

Prainha (in marsh), 8th December, 1873; Obydos, 24th

January, 5th and 16th February; Lake Tapagem, Rio

Trombetas, 28th; Forest at Fritoria of Joas Gabriel, Rio

Purus, 16th September, 1874.

Scapa, Kirby.

14. Scada theaphia.

Oleria theaphia, Bates, Trans. Linn. Soe. xxiii.

p- 529, n. 1 (1862).

Forest at Guaranasal, Rio Tapajos, 10th March, 1874.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 109

CALLITHOMIA, Bates.

15. Callithomia alexirrhoé.

Callithomia alexirrhoé, Bates, Trans. Linn. Soc.

xxl. p. 522 (1862).

Uricurituba, Rio Tapajos, 17th March, 1874.

CEeraTINIA, Hiibner.

16. Ceratinia castanea, n. sp. (PI. ILI. fig. 7.)

Allied to C. anastasia, ‘but with the angulated dentated

area between the central and discal series of black spots in

primaries bright sulphur-yellow instead of mahogany-red,

and the submarginal yellow spots larger and seven in

number: expanse of wings 2 inches 9 lines.

$. Forest near Fritoria of Jois Gabriel, 16th Septem-

ber, 1874.

?. Pupunha, Rio Juruad, 1st November, 1874.

The male has the ground colour of the apical area black,

and the conical marginal black spots of the secondaries

are absent. This species is an excellent copy of Melinea

pardalis. It is quite distinct from Hopffer’s C. pardalina;

the latter seems to be nearer to C. fluonia.

Mecuanitis, Fabricius.

17. Mechanitis obscura.

Mechanitis obscura, Butler, Cist. Ent. i. p. 149.

Pupunha, Rio Jurua, 5th November, 1874.

18. Mechanitis egaensis.

Mechanitis egaensis, Bates, Trans. Linn. Soc.

xxii. p. 531, pl. 56, fig. 7a (1862).

Ilhadas imrnee. Rio Madeira, 4th June, 1874; Papanl

Rio Jurua, 5th November, 1874.

19. Mechanitis truncata.

Mechanitis truncata, Butler, Cist. Ent. 1. p. 150.

Ilha das Araras, Rio Madeira, 4th June, 1874.

20. Mechanitis pannifera. (Pl. III. fig. 8.)

Mechanitis pannifera, Butler, Cist. Ent. ii. p- 150.

Obydos, in the forest, 13th February, 1874.

21. Mechanitis plagigera. x

Mechanitis plagigera, Butler, Cist. Ent. i. p. 150.

Marsh at Prainha, 17th Noy paler! 1873.

110 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

22. Mechanitis visenda.

Mechanitis visenda, Butler, Cist. Ent. u. p. 150.

Near Trovador, Rio Tapajos, about lat. 4° 15’ S.,

13th March, 1874.

Meuinma, Hubner.

23. Melinzea equicola.

Papilio equicola, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 297, F

(1782).

Obydos, in the forest, 17th February, 1874.

24, Melinea pardalis.

Melinea pardalis, Bates, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii.

p. 552, n. 7 (1862).

Rio Madeira, 29th May; Ilhadas Araras, Rio Madeira,

4th June; Paranaquara, E. bank of Rio Madeira, near

Sapucaia oroca, 5th June; forest at Gepatiny, Rio Purus,

30th September, 1874.

25. Melinzea meelus.

Mechanitis melus, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. 1. Mech.

pl. 2, fig. 6 (1860).

Marsh at Prainha, 8th December, 1873; Obydos, in

the forest, 16th and 17th February; Rio Curnem, Rio

Trombetas, 5th March, 1874.

26. Melinza egena.

Papilio egena, Cramer, Pap. Exot. u. pl. 191,

fig. D (1779).

Marsh at Prainha, 17th November and 8th December,

1873; Obydos, 24th January; Ilha das Araras, Rio

Madeira, 4th June, 1874.

TitHoREA, Doubleday.

27. Tithorea harmonia.

Papilio harmonia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. u. pl. 190,

fig. D (1779).

Obydos, 24th January, 1874.

28. Tithorea cuparina.

Tithorea cuparina, Bates, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii.

p- 552 (1862).

Igarapa, Bom Jardin, Rio Tapajos, 15th March, 1874.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. plait

SATYRIN A, Bates.

TayGeris, Hubner.

29. Taygetis thamyra.

Papilio thamyra, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pl. 242, B

(1782).

Ilha das Araras, Rio Madeira, 4th June, 1874.

30. Taygetis andromeda.

Papilio andromeda, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 96, A

(1779).

Santarem, in a house, 18th January, 1874; Serpa, in

the bush, 21st April; Lago cerrado, Rio Jurud, 30th

October, 1874; 13th February, 1875; Para, 10th March,

1875.

Var. cinerescens.

Prainha, in the marsh, 17th December, 1873.

31. Taygetis virgilia (var. Rebecca, Fabr.).

Papilio virgilia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 96, C

(1779).

Serpa, in the bush, 21st April, 1874, and 13th February,

1875.

32. Taygetis valentina.

Papilio valentina, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 242, A

(1782).

Ilha das Araras, Rio Madeira, 4th June, 1874.

Evurtrycuia, Hubner.

33. Euptychia calpurnia.

Neonympha calpurnia, Felder, Reise der Nov.

Lep. u. p. 484, n. 836 (1867).

Rapid of Porteira, Rio Trombetas, 2nd March, 1874.

34. Euptychia metaleuca.

Neonympha metaleuca, Boisduval, Lép. Guat. p. 63

(1870).

Serpa, in the bush, 24th April; Ilha das Araras, Rio

Madeira, 4th June; Juruapuca, Rio Jurud, in the forest,

28th October; Rio Jurud, near the mouth, 14th Novem-

ber, 1874; Serpa, 13th February, 1875,

1 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

35. Euptychia ocypete.

Papilio ocypete, Fabricius, Gen. Ins. p. 260 (1777).

Pedroso, Rio Purus, 25th September, 1874; Almeirim,

19th February, 1875.

36. Euptychia erigone.

Euptychia erigone, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 466,

n. 20; pl. 39, fig. 5 (1866).

Pupunha, Rio Jurua, 6th November, 1874.

37. HKuptychia hermes.

Papilio hermes, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 487, n. 195

(1775).

Pane in the marsh, 17th December, 1873 ; Bom

Jardin, Tapajos, 14th March; Matatebem, opposite

Itaituba, 26th March; Villa bella, 15th April; Serpa,

in the bush, 21st April; Labria, Rio Purus, lst October;

Coary, Rio Solimoes, 16th October; Rio Jurua, in the

forest, 7th and 8th November; Fonteboa, 17th November,

Teffé, 18th December, 1874.

38. HEuptychia undulata.

Euptychia undulata, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc.

p. 475, n, 52; pl. 39. fig. 13 (1866).

Ygapo, at foot of Parentin Hills, 2nd April; Pupunha,

Rio Jurua, Ist and 5th November, 1874.

39. Euptychia mollina.

Euptychia mollina, Hiibner, Zutr. Ex. Schmett.

fies. 105, 106 (1818).

Forest behind Arimanahy, 9th March; Obydos, in the

forest, 26th March; Faro, in the forest, Rio Jamunda,

9th April; Barcellos, in the forest, 30th June; Teffé, in

the forest, 19th October, 1874. .

40. Euptychia doris.

@. Papilio doris, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 1. pl. 8,

figs. B, C (1775).

$. Papilio cephus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 528,

n. 359 (1775).

Barreiras das Araras, Rio Solimces, 15th November,

1874.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 113

41. KEuptychia herse.

Papilio herse, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 10, figs.

C, D (1775).

Rapid of Porteira, Rio Trombetas, 2nd March, 1874.

42, Euptychia tricolor.

Euptychia tricolor, Hewitson, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. §. ii. vol. vi. p. 440 (1850) ; Westwood and

Hewitson, Gen. Diurn. Lep. pl. 65, fig. 5 (1851).

?. Rio Javary, in the forest, 4th December, 1874.

Hermra, Fabricius.

43. Hetzera piera.

Papilio piera, Linnzus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 220

(1764); Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 291, C—IE

(1782).

Gepatiny, Rio Purus, 30th September, 1874; Rio

Javary, 4th December, 1874; Rio Jutahi, 1st February,

1875.

Taken in the forests.

PIERELLA, Westwood.

44, Pierella lena.

Papilio lena, Linnzeus, Syst. Nat. 1. 2, p. 784,

n. 206 (1767); Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 198,

D, E (1782).

Lake Arapecu, Rio Trombetas, 3rd March; forest at

Taruma, Rio Negro, 31st July; Coary, Rio Solimoes,

16th October, 1874.

ANTIRRH&A, Hubner.

45, Antirrhza miltiades.

Papilio miltiades, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 66,

n. 205 (1793 ).

Boa Vista, Rio Madeira, 1st June, 1874.

Taken in the forest.

BRASSOLIN A, Bates.

Carico, Hubner.

46. Caligo oberon.

Caligo oberon, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. London,

p. 488 (1870).

In a house at Fonteboa, 15th December, 1874.

114 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

OpsIPHANES, Westwood.

47. Opsiphanes quiteria.

Papilio quiteria, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 313,

A—D (1782).

Barreiras de Jutahi, 6th February, 1875.

Brassouis, Fabricius.

48. Brassolis sophore.

Papilio sophore, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 266

(1764); Clerck’s Icones, pl. 35 (1764).

In a house at Santa Cruz; Rio Tapajos, 17th March,

1874; Para, 4th March, 1875.

MORPHINE, Butler.

Morpuo, Fabricius.

49. Morpho achilles.

Papilio achilles, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 211

(1764); Clerck, Icones, pl. 24, fig. 2 (1764).

Santarem, 4th February, 1873; Parad, 2nd March,

1874; Sao Antonio da boa Vista, Rio Javary, 4th and

5th December, 1874.

Taken in the forest.

Bra, Hubner.

50. Bia actorion.

Papilio actorion, Clerck, Icones, pl. 36, fig. 2

(1764).

Lake Tapagem, Rio Trombetas, in the shady forest,

28th February; Rapid of Porteira, Rio Trombetas, 2nd

March; forest behind Manaos, 26th August; Pupunha,

Rio Jurud, lst November, 1874; Rio Jutahi, above Rio

Curnem, 30th January, 1875.

NYMPHALIN A, Bates.

Proroconius, Hubner.

51. Protogonius castaneus.

Protogonius castaneus, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc.

10s C75 4 NOS jale OP, ten A CIS733))

Ilha das Araras, Rio Madeira, 4th June, 1874.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 115

AGANISTHOS, Boisduval.

52. Aganisthos orion.

Papilio orion, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 485, n.

183 (1775).

Rio Jutahi, lst February, 1875.

I do not follow Mr. Scudder in his views respecting

this species (Bull. Buff. Soc. i. p. 248). In the case of

two names applied to the same insect by one author, the

first described, even where the only indication is an earlier

pagination, should be considered typical. In the present

instance I adopt “ P. orion” as indicative of the Amazon

type, which differs from that of the Antilles.

53. Aganisthos cadmus.

Papilio cadmus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 1. pl. 22,

figs. A, B (1775).

Boa Vista, Rio Madeira, Ist June, 1874.

Mecistanis, Westwood.

54, Megistanis deucalion.

Megistanis deucalion, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monat-

schr. iv. p. 238 (1860).

Rio Madeira (flew on board), 18th May, 1874; Igarape,

at head of Lago de Antonio, Rio Madeira, 31st May ;

(on board the “ Guajara”) Rio Purus, lst September ;

mouth of Parana pixuna, Rio Purus, 8th October; Rio

Sapo, 21st November, 1874.

ADELPHA, Hubner.

55. Adelpha thoasa.

Heterochroa thoasa, Hewitson, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. S. ii. vol. vi. p. 436; pl. 9, fig. 6 (1850).

Serpa, in the bush, 21st April, 1874; 13th February,

1875.

56. Adelpha juruana, n. sp.

Allied to A. thesprotia, but rather paler; the orange

band of primaries terminating on the first median inter-

space; its termination distinctly bisinuate, the inner sinus

receiving the apex of the white band, which continues

thence to the inner margin; white band of secondaries

considerably wider, its outer edge slightly convex; anal

orange spot better defined; under surface altogether paler:

expanse of wings 2 inches 5 lines.

116 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

Lago cerrado, Rio Jurua, 30th October, 1874.

We have also an example in the Museum Collection

from E. Peru.

CATAGRAMMA, Boisduval.

57. Catagramma cynosura.

Catagramma cynosura, Doubleday, Gen. Diurn.

Lep. pl. 28, fig. 2 (1847).

Rio Purus, west bank near Hyntanaham, 28th Sep-

tember, 1874.

Seen also below Gepatiny, 20th September, and at

Labria, 2nd October, 1874.

58. Catagramma sorana.

Nymphalis sorana, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 422,

n. 229 (1823).

Humayta Campo, Rio Madeira, 30th May, 1874.

CaLLicorE, Hubner.

59. Callicore janeira.

Callicore janeira, Felder, Verh. Zool.-Botan.

Ges. xii. p. 476, n. 50 (1862).

Mauhes River, lst May, 1874.

EupaGis, Boisduval.

60. Eubagis racidula.

Eubagis racidula, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. 1. Fwd.

pl. 1, figs. 2, 3 (1852).

Serpa, in the ouslh, 22nd April, 1874; Barreiras das

Ayraras, Rio Solimoes, 16th January, 1875.

61. Eubagis mon.

Eubagis meon, Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lepid.

pl. 30, fig. 1 (1849).

Barreiras das Araras, Rio Solimoes, 15th November,

1874.

62. Eubagis niveata, n. sp. (PI. III. fig. 3.)

é. Allied to H. athemon, but with the blue costal shot

much brighter; no sub-basal dark brown band (Doubleday

calls this band discoidal); outer border of secondaries con-

siderably narrower ; its inner edge evanescent: expanse of

wings | inch 7 lines.

Ilha das Araras, Rio Madeira, 4th March, 1874.

We have the sexes from Para in the British Museum

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 117

collection; the female has the sub-basal brown band, but

it is much narrower than in L. athemon.

Lubagis myrson of Doubleday, which is said to be allied

to EH. athemon, is entirely distinct, being closely allied to

EF. decima. Indeed, I found Doubleday’s type labelled as

the female of Hewitson’s species.

63. Eubagis limbata, n. sp. (PI. III. fig. 2.)

Allied to FE. theseus, but the basal two-thirds of the cell

metallic blue-green, immediately followed by a rounded

white spot; outer border blacker and rather narrower, of

the secondaries with a well-marked submarginal white

streak towards the apex; wings below with the orange

coloration confined to the base, costa and borders, not

running between the white spots; the metallic blue spots

and lines much more vivid; outer border of secondaries

rather narrower: expAnse of wings 1 inch 6 lines.

Lago de Antonio, Rio Madeira, 31st May, 1874.

64. Eubagis leucothea.

Eubagis leucothea, Bates, Journ. Entom. i. p. 320,

n. 95 (1865).

Barreiras das Araras, Rio Solimoes, 16th January, 1875.

65. Eubagis agacles.

Papilio agacles, Dalman, Anal. Ent. p. 47 (1823).

Serpa, in the bush, 22nd April; Conceicao, Rio Madeira,

lst June, 1874.

66. Eubagis erata, n. sp.

$. Nearly allied to EL. artemisia, but the size of the

largest examples of E. militta $, with the outer border as

in the latter species: wings above brassy-green, with pale

spots indistinctly visible through the wing; costa bronze-

brown; a subcostal black spot at the end of the cell; apex,

apical half of outer border, and a prominent lobate pro-

jection along the outer half of the third median branch,

the margin, and a streak from the inner edge of the outer

border to the first median branch, black; secondaries with

the costal area bronzy-brown; a submarginal and a mar-

ginal black line, fringe white-varied: wings below much

as in £. artemisia, but the basal area of primaries much

more deeply orange, this colour also extending into the

brown area of the wing between the white spots; blue

spots more vivid; the blue streak which intersects the

118 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

transverse band of secondaries broken up: expanse of

wings 2 inches.

Rio Madeira, 20th May, 1874.

This species flew on board. We have an example in

the collection from the Rio Napo.

67. Eubagis artemisia.

Papilio artemisia, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 11. 1, p.101,

n. 313 (1793).

Teffé, 18th December, 1874.

68. Eubagis mylitta.

Papilio mylitta, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 253, D,

E (1782).

Serpa, in the bush, 21st and 24th April, 1874.

Nica, Hubner.

69. Nica sylvestris.

Nica sylvestris, Bates, Journ. Entom. u. p. 204,

n. 49 (1864).

Rio Jutahi, lst February, 1875.

Preria, Kirby.

70. Peria lamis.

Papilio lamis, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 11. pl. 238, 1

(1782).

Tabatinga, 30th October, 1874.

Mercauura, Blanchard.

71. Megalura crethon.

Papilio crethon, Fabricius, Gen. Ins. p. 252, nn.

40, 41 (1776).

Mouth of Rio Urupuana, Rio Madeira, 4th June, 1874;

Uttary, Rio Purus, 29th September; Pariti, Rio Purus,

on the edge of the river, 5th October, 1874.

72. Megalura chiron.

Papilio chiron, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 452, n. 40

(US)

Obydos, 26th March; Pariti, Rio Purus, on the edge

of the river, 5th October, 1874; Lago cerrado, Rio Jurua,

30th October.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 119

73. Megalura norica.

Timetes norica, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. 1. Tim. i.

figs. 3, 4 (1852).

Cabari, Rio N egro, Ist July; Pupunha, Rio Jurué,

5th N mealies, 1874.

Marprsia, Hubner.

74, Marpesia peleus.

Papilio peleus, Sulzer, Gesch. Ins. pl. 13, fig. 4

(1776).

Barreiras da Parana pixuna, Rio Purus, 8th October,

1874.

Variety.—Lago cerrado, Rio Jurud, 30th October,

1874.

Vicrorina, Blanchard.

75. Victorina sulpitia.

Papilio sulpitia, Cramer, Pap. Exot, iv. pl. 328,

A, B (1782).

Jauarapy, 12th January, 1874.

ANARTIA, Hubner.

76. Anartia jatrophe.

Papilio jatrophe, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 289

(1764); Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 202, E, F (1782).

Mont Alégre, river bank, 28th October, 1873; San

Antonio, Rio Trombetas, 26th February; Sta. Cruz, Rio

Tapajos, 17th March; Serpa, in the bush, 22nd April;

Lago cerrado, Rio Jurua, 30th October, 1874.

77. Anartia amalthea.

Papilio. amalthea, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 288

(1764); Clerck, Icones, pl. 40, fig. 3 (1764)

Marsh at Prainha, 8th December, 1873; Serpa, in the

bush, 22nd April; Pupunha, Rio Jurua, 5th November,

1874.

JUNONIA, Hubner.

78. Junonia genoveva.

Papilio genoveva, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 290,

HK, F (1782).

Serpa, in the bush, 22nd April, 1874; Abacaxis, 13th

May, 1874.

120 Mr. A. G. Butler ox the

TEMENIS, Hubner.

79. Temenis laothoe.

Papilio laothoe, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 1. pl. 132,

A, B (1779).

Humayta, Rio Madeira, 30th May, 1874; Tunantins,

23rd November, 1874.

Taken in the forest.

Epicaia, Westwood.

80. Epicalia acontius.

Papilio acontius, Linneeus, Mant. Plant. p. 537

(1771).

$. Teffé, 19th October; 2. Obydos, 26th January,

1874.

This species is better known by its later name of

EF. antiochus.

81. Epicalia micalia.

?. Papilio micalia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 11. pl. 108,

C, D (779).

dtinemtine, 24th November, 1874.

82. Epicalia antinoé.

Nymphalis antinoé, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 410

(1823).

Amazons.

No note of the exact locality or date of capture accom-

panied this species.

AGErRonI1A, Hubner.

. Ageronia ferentina.

“Nymphalis ferentina, Godart, Ene. Méth. ix.

p. 428 (1823).

Serpa, in the bush, 21st April, 1874.

Mr. Trail notes Ane clicking sound made by this and

the other species of Ageronia when flying.

84. Ageronia amphinome.

Papilio amphinome, Linneus, Syst. Nat. i. 2,

p- 779, n. 176 (1766); Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 54,

EK, F 7 79).

TPamne mins, 23rd November, 1874.

* Caught on human excrement.”—J. W. Hi. Trail.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 121

85. Ageronia feronia.

Papilio feronia, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 283

(1764); Clerck, Icones, pl. 31, fig. 1 (1764).

Obydos, 23rd and 25th January, 1874.

86. Ageronia arinome.

Peridromia arinome, Lucas, Rev. Zool. p. 312

(1853).

Forest near the Rio Tapajos, 13th November, 1874.

PrrRipRomMiA, Boisduval.

87. Peridromia velutina.

Ageronia velutina, Bates, Journ. Entom. i. p. 315,

n. 82 (1865).

On board the “Guajara,” below Tunantins, 23rd

November, 1874.

Mr. Trail took what I suppose to be the female of this

species in the Rio Trombetas on the 30th January; he

notes it as a “ river species.”

Divontis, Hubner.

88. Didonis biblis.

Papilio biblis, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 505, n. 261

(1775).

Parentins, lst April; Uttary, Rio Purus, 30th Sep-

tember; Teffé, 18th December, 1874.

Pyrruocyra, Hubner.

89. Pyrrhogyra nezrea.

Papilio neerea, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 297

(1764); Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 75, C, D (1779).

Pupunha, Rio Jurua, 5th November, 1874.

Vita, Kirby.

90. Vila emilia.

Papilio emilia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 223,

E, F (1782).

Obydos, in the forest, 12th February, 1874.

TRANS. ENT. S0C. 1877.—PART II. (JUNE.) K

122: Mr. A. G. Butler on the

PuyciopgEs, Hubner.

91. Phyciodes liriope.

Papilio liriope, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 1, C, D

(1775).

Low swamp at Prainha, 16th November, 8th and 17th

December, 1873; Obydos, 23rd January, 1874; Trom-

betas, 30th January; Serpa, in the bush, 21st April;

Pariti, Rio Purus, 5th October, 1874.

Eunica, Hubner.

92. Eunica malvina.

Eunica malvina, Bates, Journ. Entom. i. p. 195,

n. 21; pl. 9, figs. 2, 2a (1864).

Lake Arapect, Rio Trombetas, 3rd March, 1874.

93. Eunica bechina. |

Cybdelis bechina, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. 1. Cybd.

pl. 2, fig. 10 (1852).

Paricatuba, Rio Purus, 8th September, 1874.

94, Eunica mygdonia.

Nymphalis mygdonia, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix.

p. 416, n. 208 (1823).

Lago cerrado, 30th October, 1874.

Dione, Hubner.

95. Dione juno. pose

Papilio juno, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 215, B, C

(is2)a aa

Serpa, in the bush, 22nd April, 1874.

96. Dione vanille.

Papilio vanille, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 306

(1764); Clerck, Icones, pl. 40, fig. 2 (1764).

Trombetas, 30th January; Matatebem, opposite Itai-

tuba, 16th March; Mauhes river, lst May, 1874.

97. Dione lucina.

Agraulis lucina, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monatschr.

vi. p. 110 (1862).

Rio Sapo, 21st November, 1874.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 123

CoLanis, Hubner.

98. Coleenis julia.

Papilio julia, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 509, n. 281

(1775).

Beside the fort at Santarem, 5th January; Rio Jutahi,

lst February; Serpa, in the bush, 21st April, 1874.

99. Colenis pherusa.

Papilio pherusa, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Uly. p. 293

(1764).

Obydos, 23rd January; Trombetas, 30th January;

Serpa, in the bush, 21st and 23rd April; Rio Jurua,

8th November, 1874.

Eresia, Botsduval.

100. Eresia clara.

Eresia clara, Bates, Journ. Entom. i. p. 192,

n. 14 (1864).

Obydos, 20th January; Uricurituba, Rio Tapajos,

17th March; Gepatiny, Rio Purus, in the forest, 30th

September; Pupunha, Rio Jurua, 5th November; Bar-

reiras das Araras, Rio Solimoes, 15th November; Tunan-

tins, 23rd November, 1874; Barreiras das Araras, 18th

January, 1875; Serpa, 13th February, 1875.

HELICONIN A, Bates.

Eveiwss, Hubner.

101. Eueides unifasciatus.

Eueides unifasciatus, Butler, Cist. Ent. p. 169,

n. 46 (1873).

Tabatinga, 30th November, 1874.

102. Kueides thales, var.

Papilio thales, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 38, C,

D (1776).

Teffé, 18th December, 1874.

Heticontius, Fabricius.

103. Heliconius pardalinus (var. ?).

Heliconius pardalinus, Bates, Trans. Linn. Soc.

xxill. p. 555 (1862).

Forest at Reteneao, Rio Purus, 3rd October, 1874.

This form may be distinct, but the differences are con-

fined to the banding of the secondaries.

K 2

124 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

104. Heliconius diffusus.

Heliconius diffusus, Butler, Cist. Ent. i. p. 168,

n, 34 (1873).

Lago cerrado, Rio Jurua, 30th October, 1874.

105. Heliconius antiochus.

Papilio antiochus, Linneus, Syst. Nat. i. 2, Add.

p- 1068, n. 12 (1766); Cramer, Pap. Exot. 1. pl. 38,

EK, F (1776).

Rapid of Porteira, Rio Trombetas, Ist January; on

board the “* Yeamiaba,” 12th August; E. bank of Rio

Purus, in the forest, 21st September; Sapd, 21st Novem-

ber, 1874.

106. Heliconius zobeide.

Heliconius zobeide, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. S..1v. vol. 3, p. 18, n. 3; pl. 9, fig. 3 (1869).

Prainha, 1st December, 1873.

Taken in the woods.

107. Heliconius Wallacei.

Heliconius Wallacet, Reakirt, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil. p. 242, n. 11 (1866).

Shady woods near Prainha, 6th December, 1873;

Obydos, 18th February, 1874.

108. Heliconius rhea.

Papilio rhea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 1. pl. 54, C, D

(1779).

Obydos, 24th January; Urucaca, Rio Jurua, Ist

November, 1874.

109. Heliconius clytia.

Papilio clytia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 1. pl. 66, C, D

(liga).

Sta. Cruz, Rio Tapajos, 17th March, 1874.

110. Heliconius doris, var.

Nereis delila, Hiibner, Samml. Exot. Schmett.

(1806—16).

Forest near Samauma, Rio Tapajos, 13th January;

in the bush, Serpa, 22nd April, 1874.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 125

111. Heliconius hermathena.

Fleliconia hermathena, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. i.

Hfelic. pl. 2, fig. 5 (1853).

Arimanahy, 10th Januury; Itapuéma, Rio Tapajos,

11th March, 1874.

Taken in the forest.

112. Heliconius melpomene.

Papilio melpomene, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr.

p- 232 (1764); Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 191, C

(1779).

Obydos, 5th, 18th, 24th and 25th February, 1874.

113. Heliconius callicopis.

Papilio callycopis (sic), Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii.

pl. 190, E (1779).

Serpa, in the bush, 22nd April, 1874.

114. Heliconius coralii.

Hleliconius coralii, Butler, Cist. Ent. ii. p. 151.

Serpa, 21st and 25th April, 1874; 13th February, 1875.

115. Heliconius erythrea (var.).

Papilio erythrea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. u. pl. 189,

A (1779).

Obydos, 24th January, 1874.

The single example taken differs from the figure in the

absence of red rays between the nervures of secondaries.

116. Heliconius mutabilis.

Heliconius mutabilis, Butler, Cist. Ent. ii. p. 151.

Serpa, 22nd and 24th April, 1874.

Lepidopterists can do as they please as to considering

the four preceding forms to be varieties of one species;

whether they are so or not, it is convenient to have names

to know them by.

117. Heliconius lucia.

Papilio luciu, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 350, E,

F (1872).

Serpa, in the bush, 21st April, 1874.

A beautiful variation from the type, in which the yellow

spots bound the inner edge of the curved red band

throughout its entire length.

126 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

118. Heliconius cybele.

Papilio cybele, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 188, A

i779):

It4puima, Rio Tapajos, in the forest, 11th March;

Serpa, in the bush, 21st, 23rd and 24th April, 1874;

13th February, 1875.

119. Heliconius vesta.

Papilio vesta, Cramer, Pap. Exot. uu. pl. 119,

Je (CI)

Forest behind Arimanahy, 9th January; Uricurituba,

Rio Tapajos, 17th February; Fazenda near the rapids,

14th March ; Matatebem, opposite Itaituba, 16th March,

1874.

Var. Ilha das Araras, Rio Madeira, 4th June, 1874.

120. Heliconius lativitta.

Heliconius lativitta, Butler, Cist. Ent. 11. p. 150.

Boa Vista, Rio Madeira, Ist June; Urugaca, Rio

Jurua, lst November, 1874.

121. Heliconius aglaope. ;

Heliconius aglaope, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monatschr.

vi. p. 79, n. 67 (1862).

Ilha das Araras, Rio Madeira, 4th June; in the forest

at Gepatiny, Rio Purus, 30th September; Tabocal,

10th October; Lago cerrado, Rio Jurud, 30th October,

1874.

122. Heliconius lindigii.

Heliconius lindigti, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep. 11.

pl. 47, fic. 1 (1867).

Obydos, 27th March, 1874.

Family ERYCINIDZ.

NEMEOBIINE, Bates.

Euryeia, Hubner.

123. Eurybia franciscana.

Eurybia franciscana, Felder, Wien. Ent. Mo-

natschr. vi. p. 70, n. 24 (1862).

Conceicao, Rio Madeira, Ist June, 1874; Teffé,

19th October.

Taken in the forest.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 127

124. Eurybia dardus.

Papilio dardus, Fabricius, Mant. iis il. p-, 30;

n. 324 (1787).

Forest at head of Iripixy, Trombetas, 31st January ;

Ilha das Araras, Rio Madeira, 4th June; Parana quara,

E. bank of Rio Madeira, near Sapucaia oroca, 5th June ;

Pupunha, Rio Jurud, 5th November; forest at San

Antonio, Rio Javary, 7th December, 1874.

125. Eurybia juturna.

Eurybia juturna, Felder, Reise der Nov. pep: il.

p. 288, n. 372 (1867).

Ilha das Aaaras, Rio Madeira, 4th June, 1874.

MesosemiA, Hubner.

126. Mesosemia philemon, var.

Papilio philemon, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 22,

G, H (1775).

Fonteboa, 16th December, 1874.

In the Museum Collection from Ega.

127. Mesosemia leetifica.

Mesosemia letifica, Bates, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool.

ix. p. 373 (1868).

Sta. Cruz, Rio Tapajos, 17th March, 1874.

128. Mesosemia mosera.

Mesosemia mosera, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. 11. Mes.

pl. 8, figs. 77—79 (1860).

Pupunha, Rio Jurua, 5th November, 1874.

129. Mesosemia sylvicolens, n. sp.

Nearly allied to M. meana, but browner, the white

band of primaries rather more oblique; no white line

(but a lilacine greyish one) beyond the white band of

secondaries; the single intersecting black line running

exactly through the centre of the ‘white band: expanse

of wings 1 inch 6 lines.

Forest at head of Iripixy, Rio Trombetas, 31st January,

1874.

130. Mesosemia thymetus.

Papilio thymetus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 184, G@

(1779).

Humayta Campo, Rio Madeira, 20th May, 1874; Boa

Vista, Rio Jutahi, Ist February, 1875.

128 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

131. Mesosemia Maria, n. sp.

Nearly allied to M. cresus; much larger; the ocellus

of primaries smaller, the black streak immediately beyond

and below it tapering more towards its upper extremity

so as to widen the succeeding blue band; secondaries with

all the lines well defined on the lower surface: expanse of

wings | inch 8 lines.

&. Lake Arapecu, Rio Trombetas, 3rd March, 1874.

Quite like a large form of M. cresus on the upper side.

Cremna, Westwood.

132. Cremna phryxe.

Cremna phryze, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep. ii.

p. 299, n. 398, pl. 37, figs. 23, 24 (1865).

Coary, Rio Solimoes, 16th January, 1874.

EURYGONIN A, Bates.

EvuryGona, Boisduval.

133. Eurygona mys.

Eurygona mys, Herrich-Schiffer, Auss. Schmett.

figs. 37, 38 (1853).

Itaituba, 13th March, 1874.

134. Eurygona melaphea.

Erythia melaphea, Hibner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett.

fies. 209, 210 (1823).

Fonteboa, Rio Solimoes, 17th November, 1874.

135. Eurygona pheedica.

Eurygona phedica, Boisduval, Sp. Gen. Lép. i.

pl. 21, fig. 3 (1836).

Fonteboa, Rio Jutahi, 17th November, 1874.

ERYCININ ZA, Bates.

Eryoina, Fabricius.

136. Erycina aulestes. ees

Papilio aulestes, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 128, G

(1779).

Barcellos, in the forest, 30th June; Tunantins, 24th

November; Fonteboa, 15th December, 1874.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 129

Dioruina, Morrisse.

137. Diorhina periander.

Papilio periander, Cramer, Pap. Exot. u. pl. 188,

C, D (1779).

Labria, Rio Purus, 1st October; Tabocal, Rio Purus,

10th October, 1874.

CHAMALIMNAS, Felder.

138. Chamelimnas izris.

Chamelimnas ieris, Bates, Journ. Linn. Soc.

Zool. ix. p. 378 (1868).

Barreiras das Araras, Rio Solimoes, 16th January,

LS7oe

Riopina, Westwood.

139. Riodina lysippus.

Papilio lysippus, Linneeus, Mus. Lud. Uls. p. 332

(1764); Clerck, Icones, pl. 22, fig. 2 (1764).

Forest near Sobral, Rio Purus, 17th September, 1874;

Pedroso, Rio Purus, 25th September; LBarreiras das

Ayraras, Rio Solimoes, 16th January, 1875.

Carta, Kirby.

140. Cartea vitula.

Limnas vitula, Hewitson, Ex. Butt. 1. Lim. pl. 1,

fic. 5 (1852).

Teffé, in the forest, 19th October, 1874.

141. Cartea Trailii, n. sp.

Allied to the preceding, but differing constantly (in

both sexes) in the much greater width and elliptical form

of the oblique pale-yellow patch on the apical area of

primaries, and in the orange tegule, the much greater

extent of orange on all the wings, and the lighter tint of

the same; from C. tapajona (to which it is more nearly

allied), it may at once be distinguished by the first men-

tioned character, namely, the size and width of the yellow

spot: expanse of wings 1 inch 11 lines.

Teffé, in the forest, 19th October; Fonteboa, 12th and

17th November, 1874.

A common species, taken by Bates at Ega and

St. Paulo.

130 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

_ AMARYNTHIS, Hubner.

142. Amarynthis micalia.

Papilio micalia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 94, F

(1779).

Barreiras das Araras, Rio Solimoes, 16th January;

Pupunha, Rio Jurua, 5th November, 1874.

Heticoris, Fabricius.

143. Helicopis cupido.

Papilio cupido, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 313

(1764); Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 164, D, G (1779).

Prainha, Ist and 17th December, 1873; marsh near

Obydos, 11th February; Obydos, 26th March; Sao

Paulo, 26th November, 1874.

Among Caladia.

A variety occurs intermediate between HH. cupido and

Hi. lindeni; it coexists with the latter at Prainha, and

therefore casts a doubt on the distinctness of that form.

144. Helicopis lindeni.

Helicopis lindeni, Grote, Bull. Buff. Soe. i. p. 108,

pl. 2 (1874).

Marsh near Prainha, 1st and 17th December, 1873.

Emesis, Fabricius.

145. Emesis spreta.

Emesis spreta, Bates, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. ix.

p. 385 (1868).

Coary, Rio Solimoes, 16th October, 1874.

Symmacuia, Hubner.

146. Symmachia trochilus. |

Caria trochilus, Erichson, Schomb. Reise, iii. p. 601

(1848).

Teffé, 18th December, 1874.

147. Symmachia argiope.

Erycina argiope, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 573,

n. 44 (1823).

Jauarapy, 13th January, 1874.

148. Symmachia punctata, n. sp.

Wings above dull black; basal half covered with small,

irregular, tawny spots; outer border bright tawny, enclos-

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 131

ing a submarginal series of black spots; fringe black; pri-

maries with a slender, oblique, testaceous litura across the

cell, a pentagonal group of dots beyond the cell, partly

testaceous and partly white; body dull black, tegulee

tawny: wings below dull black, all the markings testa-

ceous: expanse of wings | inch.

Pupunha, Rio Jurua, 5th November, 1874.

Allied to S. hippea of Herrich-Schiiffer. I cannot

imagine why the latter should be removed from Symma-

chia; it is certainly not congeneric with Cricosoma leo-

pardinum.

Excepting in form, S. punctata is almost exactly like

S. calligrapha.

MeEseEne, Westwood.

149. Mesene sophistes.

Mesene sophistes, Bates, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool.

ix. pl. 386 (1868).

Fonteboa, 16th December, 1874.

Recently figured by Moeschler under the name of M.

pactolus.

150. Mesene trucidata, n. sp.

The single example in Mr. Trail’s collection being both

faded and imperfect, I take my description from a specimen

obtained by Mr. Bates at Ega.

Black, primaries crossed by a broad oblique and slightly

arched carmine band, secondaries crossed by a central,

slightly arched band of half the width; wings below paler,

basal area and outer border spotted with grey: expanse of

wings 1 inch.

Coary, 16th October, 1874.

Nearly allied to M. cingulus, but with the carmine band

of double the width (in Mr. Trail’s specimen it has faded

to orange).

Catypna, Westwood.

151. Calydna hiria.

Erycina hiria, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 584, n. 95

(1823).

Pupunha, 5th November, 1874.

132 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

MEracuaris, Butler.

152. Metacharis regalis.

Metacharis regalis, Butler, Ent. Month. Mag. i.

p. 175, n. 4 (1867).

Fazenda, near rapids, Rio Tapajos, 14th March, 1874;

forest at St. Vicenzio, Rio Purus, 22nd September, 1874.

153. Metacharis lucius.

Hesperia luctus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. tii. 1, p. 319,

n. 209 (1793).

Rapid of Porteira, Rio Trombetas, 2nd March; Bar-

reiras das Araras, Rio Solimoes, 15th November, 1874.

LasatA, Bates.

154. Lasaia meris.

Papilio meris, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 366, B, C

(1782).

Boa Vista, Rio Jutahi, 2nd February, 1874.

Tuaroes, Hubner.

155. Tharops felsina.

2. Lemonias felsina, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. ii.

Lem. pl. 3, figs. 27, 28 (1863).

$. Manaos, in the bush, 24th August, 1874.

The male is far more pleasing than the female; the

primaries are black, transversely streaked with dark green

and grey; the secondaries have the base, costa and apex

black; the central area, outer border and veins slaty grey,

and the area which remains white; there are several

indistinct, blackish, submarginal dots.

LEMONIAS, Westwood.

156. Lemonias pseudocrispus.

Lemonias pseudocrispus, Westwood, Gen. Diurn.

Lepid. p. 459, n. 27 (1851); Butler, Journ. Linn.

Soc. Zool. ix. pl. 6, figs. 9, 10 (1867).

Prainha, in the woods, 6th December, 1873; Mauhes

river, 2nd May and 30th April, 1874.

157. Lemonias cerealis.

Lemonias cerealis, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. i. Lem.

pl. 4, fig. 37 (1863). |

Barreiras de Jutahi, 18th January, 1875.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 133

Ecuenalis, Hubner.

158. Echenais violacea.

Lemonias violacea, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool.

ix. p. 214, pl. 6, figs. 2, 3 (1867).

?. Pupunha, Rio Jurud, 5th November, 1874.

159. Echenais mollis, n. sp. (PI. III. fig. 4.)

$. Allied to the preceding ; primaries soft lilac-blue, the

costa, base, outer border, and a transverse subapical band

(tapering from costa to second median, interrupted by the

nervures, divided from the outer border by a lunulate lilac

line), black-brown; three spots in the cell, and three

below it, black; a submarginal lilac line intersecting the

black-brown border; a whitish diffused discal streak from

the imner margin; secondaries snow white; costa pale

brown, subcostal area lilacine; some black spots near the

base; the apical margin, and three apical submarginal

dots, black; wings below much as in the allied species:

expanse of wings 1 inch 5 lines.

Fonteboa, 17th November, 1874.

160. Echenais sordida, n. sp.

Quite like £. Hibneri, excepting that all the markings

which are lilac in that species are greyish-brown in this:

expanse of wings 1 inch to 1 inch, 3 lines.

Itaituba, 10th March; Tabocal, Rio Purus, 10th

October, 1874.

ANATOLE, Hubner.

161. Anatole zygia.

Lemonias maculata zygia, Hiibner, Samml. Exot.

Schmett. (1806—16).

Obydos, 23rd and 26th January; 13th and 17th Feb-

ruary; Rapid of Porteira, Rio Trombetas, 2nd March;

Parica, Rio Mauhes, 5th May, 1874.

Taken in the forest.

162. Anatole pulcherrima.

Anatole pulcherrima, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc.

Zool. ix. p. 226, n. 7; pl. 6, fig. 27 (1867).

Forest at Tabocal, Rio Purus, 8th October, 1876.

134 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

163. Anatole epulus.

Papilio epulus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 50, C,

D (1779).

Prainha, 17th November, 1873; near Port Jaquarary,

Rio Tapajos (on the beach), 12th January; Sta. Cruz,

Rio Tapajos, 17th March, 1874.

Group TuIsBE, Hubner.

164. Anatole irenza.

Papilio irenea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. lv. pl. 328,

C, D (1782).

Tabatinga, 30th November, 1874.

Nympuipium, Fabricius.

165. Nymphidium arctos, var.

Nymphidium arctos, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. 1.

Nymph. pl. 1, figs. 1, 2 (1852).

Obydos, 24th January, 1874.

166. Nymphidium tytia.

ee tytia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 121, C, D

(1779).

Fonteboa, Rio Solimoes, 17th November, 1874.

167. Nymphidium arche.

Nymphidium arche, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. iu.

Nymph. pl. 2, fig. 10 (1865 ).

Pupunhazinho, Rio Jurua, 9th November, 1874.

168. Nymphidium molpe. ee

Limnas subtilis molpe, Hiibner, Samml. Exot.

Schmett. (1806—16 ).

Serra de Parentins, Ist April; Pedroso, Rio Purus,

25th September, 1874.

169. Nymphidium beotia, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. i.

Nymph. pl. 1, fig. 5 (1852).

Shady woods near “eennelne, 6th December, 1873;

Obydos, 26th March; on board the “ Yeamiaba,” 13th

August; Paricatuba, Rio Purus, 8th September; E. bank

ae Te Jonane. 21st September; Coary, Rio SolimGes,

16th October; Juruapuca, Rio Jurua, 28th October ;

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 135

Lago cerrado, Rio Jurud, 30th October; Urucaca, 1st

November; Rio Jurud, near the mouth, 14th November;

Fonteboa, 17th November, 1874.

170. Nymphidium carice.

Papilio carice, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 324

(1764); Clerck, Icones, pl. 20, fig. 2 (1764).

Inipixy, Rio Trombetas, 30th January ; Lake Arapecu,

Rio Trombetas, 3rd March; Itapuama, Rio Tapajos,

11th March; Fazenda near the rapids, 14th March;

Mananaa, N. bank of Rio Solimoes, near Rio Purus,

6th September; forest on E. bank of Rio Purus, 21st

September ; Tabocal, Rio Purus, 10th October; Fonteboa,

17th November, 1874.

171. Nymphidium cachrus.

Papilio cachrus, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. ii. p. 78,

n. 715 (1787).

Forest at head of Iripixy, Trombetas, 31st January,

1874.

172. Nymphidium stibopteris, n. sp.

Precisely like N. oneum of Hewitson (Ex. Butt. 4,

Nymph. pl. iv. figs. 27, 28), excepting that the costal

brown border of primaries is narrower and more regular

and the orange spots in the cell are wanting: expanse of

wings | inch 7 lines.

Fonteboa, 17th November, 1874.

173. Nymphidium cavifascia, n. sp.

Close to WV. pelops, but the ochreous area of primaries

deeply excavated by a quadrate blackish spot in the end

of the discoidal cell ; outer border with its external half red

spotted with black; abdomen not brown above: expanse

of wings 1 inch 4 lines.

Shady woods near Prainha, 6th December, 1873.

The deep excavation in the anterior margin of the

ochreous area gives this species a very distinct appear-

ance.

174. Nymphidium ochra.

Nymphidium ochra, Bates, Journ. Linn. Soc.

Zool. ix. p. 399 (1868).

Rio Jutahi, lst February, 1875.

136 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

175. Nymphidium ascolia.

Nymphidium ascolia, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. 1.

Nymph. pl. 1, fig. 4 (1852).

N. bank of Rio Solimoes, near mouth of Rio Purus,

6th September, 1874.

THEOPE, Westwood.

176. Theope eudocia.

Theope eudocia, Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lepid.

pl. 70, fig. 4 (1851).

Forest at Sobral, Rio Purus, 17th September, 1874.

ARICORIS, Westwood.

177. Aricoris velutina.

Aricoris velutina, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc.

Zool. ix. pl. 7, fig. 11 (1867).

Fonteboa, Rio Solimoes, 17th November, 1874.

178. Aricoris myrtis, var.

Aricoris myrtis, Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lepid.

p- 450, n. 6 footnote (1867).

Teffé, Rio Solimoes, in the forest, 19th October, 1874.

STALACHTIS, Hubner.

179. Stalachtis phlegetontia.

Acrea phlegetontia, Perty, Del. Anim. Art. p. 153,

pl. 30, figs. 2, 2b (1830—34).

Obydos, 24th and 25th January, and 14th February;

Aveyros, llth March; Serpa, 22nd and 24th April;

Mauhes river, 30th April and Ist May, 1874.

180. Stalachtis euterpe.

Papilio euterpe, Linneeus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 226

(1764); Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 246, D (1782).

Shady woods near Prainha, 6th December, 1873; Rapid

of Porteira, Rio Trombetas, 2nd March, 1874; Lake

Juruty, 4th May; west bank of Rio Mauhes, nearly oppo-

site Mucajatuba, 5th May; forest at Boa Vista, Rio

Madeira, 1st June; Rio Purus, 12th October; Coary,

Rio Solimoes, 16th October; Pupunhazinho, Rio Jurua,

9th and 14th November, 1874.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 137

181. Stalachtis calliope.

Papilio calliope, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 223

(1764); Clerck, Icones, pl. 41, fig. 4 (1764).

Shady woods near Prainha, 6th December, 1873; forest

at head of Iripixy, Rio Trombetas, 31st January; Obydos,

18th February; forest on E. bank of Rio Madeira, about

4° 3, 3rd June; N. bank of Rio Solimoes, near mouth of

Rio Purus, 6th September; Pedroso, Rio Purus, 20th

September; Pariti, Rio Purus, 5th October; Tabocal,

Rio Purus, 10th October; Rio Jurud, near the mouth,

14th November, 1874.

182. Stalachtis lineata.

Nereis lineata, Guérin, Icon. Régne Anim. Ins.

texte, p. 473 (1844).

Obydos, 18th February; forest at Maracana, Rio

Jamunda, 7th April; forest at Cararaucu, 18th April,

1874.

183. Stalachtis Trailii, n. sp. (Pl. III. fig. 1.)

Allied to the preceding: wings hyaline white, with the

veins and borders black; primaries with a streak in the

cell, a broad oblique band across the end of the cell from

costa to outer margin, and a much more slender band from

the end of the cell to inner margin, black; apex broadly

black; a small rounded orange spot on the outer border

near the end of the postmedian oblique black band; a

yellow dot at base of secondaries: body brown, thorax

white-spotted, tegule orange-spotted; collar and pectus

orange at the sides; legs and venter streaked with creamy

white, anal segments below orange: wings below nearly as

above, but the primaries with a slender oblique subapical

orange streak: expanse of wings 2 inches 2 lines.

Conceicao, Rio Mauhes, 7th May, 1874.

This is a well-marked and beautiful species.

184. Stalachtis evelina.

2. Stalachtis evelina, Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat.

Hist. S. iv. vol. v. p. 365 (1870); Lep. Exot. pl. xiv.

fig. 6 (1870).

é. Rapid of Porteira, Rio Trombetas, 2nd March, 1874.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART II. (JUNE.) L

138 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

Family LYC ANID.

Lycaninm, Butler.

Lampipes, [Hibner.

185. Lampides cassius.

Papilio cassius, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 23, figs.

C, D (1775).

Lycena marina, Reakirt, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil. p. 87 (1868).

Lake Arapecu, Rio Trombetas, 3rd March; Sta. Cruz,

Rio Tapajos, 17th March; Serpa, in the bush, 24th April;

Ilha das Araras, Rio Madeira, 4th June; Paricatuba,

Rio Purus, 8th September, 1874.

THECLINAE, Butler.

Bitruys, Hubner.

186. Bithys strephon.

_ Papilio strephon, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 522,

n. 334 (1775).

Teffé, 19th October, 1874.

187. Bithys punctum?

Thecla punctum, Herrich-Schiffer, Auss. Schmett.

figs. 57, 58 (1852—58); Hewitson, Ill. Diurn. Lep.

pl. 40, fies. 132, 133 (1867). -

Matura, 25th November, 1874.

This species was taken at light! Mr. Hewitson was

doubtful whether or not it was a variety of Herrich-

Schiffer’s species, as the border of primaries above is

narrower, and on the underside there is no white spot

near the costa of secondaries; but in these characters it

approaches the figures in the “ Illustrations of Diurnal

Lepidoptera,” though it differs from the latter in having

no white spots on the under surface of primaries; I am

therefore content, for the present, to consider it a variety

of B. punctum. In these little things, of whose varia-

bility we know nothing certaznly, it is safer not to establish

species upon single examples.

188. Bithys ingee.

Papilio inge, Sepp, Surin. Vlind. i. pl. 17 (1848).

Sao Paulo, 26th November, 1874.

Captured among Caladia.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 139

189. Bithys leucophzus?

Bithys leucopheus, Hiibner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett.

fies, 87, 88 (1818).

Obydos, in the forest, 17th February, 1874.

Tmo.us, Hubner.

190. Tmolus vibulena.

Thecla vibulena, Hewitson, Il, Diurn. Lep. pl.

76, figs. 599, 600.

Porto salvo, Rio Purus, 4th October, 1874; Ipocuriha,

7th October.

191. Tmolus beon.

Papilio beon, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 319, B, C

(1782).

Prainha, shady woods, 6th and 8th December, 1873 ;

Rio Trombetas, 3rd March; Itaituba, 13th March;

Teffé, 19th October, 1874.

192. Tmolus temesa.

Thecla temesa, Hewitson, Descr. Lye. p. 1, n. 2

(1868).

Coary, Rio Solimées, 16th October, 1874.

193. Tmolus celmus.

Papilio celmus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 55,

G, By (Le79).

Tunantins, 23rd November, 1874.

194, Tmolus adria.

Thecla adria, Hewitson, Ill. Diurn. Lep. pl. (76?)

Serpa, in the bush, 22nd April, 1874.

When I obtained the name of 7. adria, the plate on

which it was figured was unpublished, and the part into

which it would come, not being yet in the Museum,* I am

uncertain whether or not it is yet published.

195. Tmolus isobeon.

Tmolus isobeon, Butler & Druce, Cist. Ent. 5,

p- 108 (1872); Lep. Exot. p. 161; pl. lvi. fig. 2

(1873).

@. Shady woods near Prainha, 6th December, 1873.

® November, 1876.

L,2

140 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

196. Tmolus atrox, n. sp.

Above smoky brown, with a purplish tinge; below

greyish-brown; primaries with a discocellular litura, and

an interrupted discal transverse line from subcostal nervure

to first median branch, black-brown, edged externally with

whitish; two submarginal grey lunules, on the median

interspaces; fringe brown; secondaries with a discocellular

litura as in primaries; a black discal line, straight and

oblique from costa to third median, then dentate-sinuate

(forming a W on the median interspaces), edged out-

wardly with white; margin black, edged inwardly with

white; a red-bordered black spot between the tails, a trace

of a second on second median interspace, another at anal

angle, and a conical red spot in the subanal sinus of the

discal line; a pale apical submarginal stripe from apex to

third median branch: expanse of wings 1 inch 1 line.

Pedroso, Rio Purus, 25th September, 1876.

On the under surface this species nearly resembles

T. denarius, but the coloration of the upper surface is

altogether too dark. It is allied to that species and to

T. atnius of Herrich-Schiffer; also to JZ. lugubris,

Moeschler.

197. Tmolus clitumnus (Doubleday in litt.). (PI III.

fig. 6.

Above like 7. demonassa; below more like 7’. clarina

and JZ. sangala. Primaries above blue-black, inner

margin incurved; secondaries brilliant Morpho blue; anal

margin black ; body black: wings below golden brown;

primaries with a straight, pale-edged, dusky line crossing

the wing beyond the cell; a paler line nearer to the outer

margin; secondaries with an oblique discal line ending in

a W-shaped marking, red-edged internally and white-

edged externally, enclosing two conical red spots exter-

nally near anal angle; a greyish submarginal line from

apex to second median; a semicircular red spot, dotted

with black, and edged externally with white, between the

tails; anal area grey, internally white and externally black-

edged, enclosing two black and red spots at anal angle:

expanse of wing's 1 inch.

Shady woods near Prainha, 6th December, 1874.

198. Tmolus pereza, n. sp.

8. Wings above like 7. uzza; below differing in the

secondaries having only one large subcostal black spot

near the base; the other basal spots being entirely ab-

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 141

sent: expanse of wings 10 lines; ¢ brown above: expanse

11 lines.

Prainha, 8th December, 1873; Pupunha, Rio Jurua,

5th November, 1874.

I have not the slightest doubt of the entire distinctness

of this species.

199. Tmolus vesulus.

Papilio vesulus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 340,

I, K (1782).

Lago cerrado, Rio Jurua, 30th October, 1874; Bar-

reiras das Araras, Rio Solimoes, 15th November, 1874.

200. Tmolus opalia.

Thecla opalia, Hewitson, Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 134,

n. 220; pl. 53, figs. 300, 301 (1869).

Coary, Rio Solimoes, 16th October, 1874.

Mituras, Hubner.

201. Mithras hemon.

Papilio hemon, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 20, D, E

(1775).

$. Prainha, in the woods, 8th December, 1873.

The single male is small and indistinctly marked.

CHALYBS, Hubner.

202. Chalybs mavors.

Theritas mavors, Hiibner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett.

figs. 189, 190 (1818).

Forest behind Arimanahy, 9th January, 1874; Coary,

Rio Solimoes, 16th October, 1874.

203. Chalybs nobilis.

Thecla nobilis, Herrich-Schiffer, Auss. Schmett.

fies. 55, 56 (1853).

Tunantins, 24th November, 1874.

Thecla bimaculata of Moeschler comes very close to

this species.

THERITAS, Hubner.

204. Theritas acteeon.

Papilio acteon, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. App. p. 829

(1775).

Barreiras das Araras, Rio Solimées, 16th January,

1875.

«© Always found flying amongst maize.”— Trail.

142 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

205. Theritas tuneta.

Thecla tuneta, Hewitson, Ill. Diurn. Lepid. p. 71,

n. 6; pl. 28, figs. 14, 15 (1865).

Barreiras das Araras, Rio Solimoes, 16th January,

1875.

Taken in company with the preceding species.

Brancas, Hubner.

206. Brangas inachus.

Papilio inachus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 36, D

(1775).

Obydos, 24th January, 1874.

207. Brangas sista.

Thecla sista, Hewitson, Ill. Diurn. Lepid. p. 92,

is DLS fol, Br. iors, Oe, OO (ler)

Coary, Rio Solimoes, 16th October; Teffé, forest, 19th

October; Fonteboa, 17th November, 1874.

CGinomaus, Hubner.

208. Cinomaus marsyas.

Papilio marsyas, Linneeus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 315

(1764); Clerck, Icones, pl. 41, fig. 1 (1764).

Tpocuriha, Rio Purus, 7th October, 1874.

PANTHIADES, Hiibner.

209. Panthiades pelion.

Papilio pelion, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 1. pl. 6, E, F

(1775).

Ipocuriha, Rio Purus, 7th October, 1874.

210. Panthiades linus.

Papilio linus, Sulzer, Gesch. Ins. pl. 19, figs. 10,

11 (1776).

Obydos, 20th January, 1874.

Family PAPILIONID.

PIERINE, Bates.

Mytoruris, Hiibner.

211. Mylothris lorena.

Pieris lorena, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. i. Pieris, pl. 1,

fis. 7 (1852).

Tabatinga, 30th November, 1874.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 143

Levorpia, Doubleday.

212. Leucidia brephos.

Mancipium vorax brephos, Hiibner, Samml. Exot.

Schmett. (1806-16).

Pedroso, Rio Purus, 25th September, 1874.

TERIAS, Swanson.

213. Terias clara.

Terias clara, Bates, Journ. Entom. i. p. 243, n. 12

(1861).

214. Terias diodina, var.

Terias diodina, Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

S. 4, vol. xv. p. 397 (1875).

Pariti, Rio Purus, on the edge of the river, 5th October,

1874.

215. Terias agave.

Papilio agave, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 20, H, I

(1775).

Beside the fort at Santarem, 4th January, 1873; Lago

cerrado, Rio Jurud, 30th October, 1874; Pupunha, Rio

Jurud, 5th November.

Puaesis, Hubner.

216. Phoebis hersilia.

Papilio hersilia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. u. pl. 173,

C, D (1779).

Fonteboa, Rio Solimées, 17th November, 1874.

217. Pheebis trite.

Papilio trite, Linnzus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 248

(1764); Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 141, C, D (1779).

Lago cerrado, Rio Jurua, 30th October, 1874.

CaLuipryas, Boisduval.

218. Callidryas philea.

Papilio philea, Linnzus, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 764,

n. 104 (1766); Cramer, Pap. Exot. 11. pl. 173, E, F

17:49);

Lago cerrado, Rio Jurudé, 30th October; Rio Sapo,

21st November, 1874.

144 Mr. A. G. Butler on the —

APpHRISSA, Butler.

219. Aphrissa statira.

Papilio statira, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 120,

C, D (1779).

Mouth of Rio Urupuama, Rio Madeira, 4th June,

1875; Serpa, 21st April, 1874; Mauhes river, Ist May;

Abacaxas river, 12th May; Paricatuba, Rio Purus, 8th

September; Lago cerrado, Rio Jurua, 30th October ;

Rio Sapé, 21st November. 2 Abnormal. Pariti, Rio

Purus, on the river’s edge, 5th October, 1874.

Pinris, Botsduval.

220. Pieris demophile.

Papilio demophile, Clerck, Icones, pl. 28, fig. 4

(1764).

Lake Tapagem, Rio Trombetas, 28th February, 1874.

DarronuRA, Butler.

221. Daptonura pedrosina, n. sp.

@. Wings above creamy white; primaries with the

costa narrowly black; a broad, black-brown, apical patch

from apical third of costa to just below first median branch,

trisinuate internally; a short oblique black-brown disco-

cellular bar; secondaries imperfect (probably with a brown

border); wings below nearly as above, the brown areas

more cupreous in tint; base of secondaries and sides of

pectus golden orange: expanse of wings 2 inches 7 lines.

Pedroso, Rio Purus, 25th September, 1874.

This species seems most nearly to approach D. peru-

viana.

MoscHonEuRA, Butler.

222. Moschoneura pintheeus.

Papilio pintheus, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 258

(1764).

Leptalis pintheus, Butler, Fabr. Cat. pl. 2, fig. 1

(1870).

Rio Tapajos, 12th January, 1873; Head of Iripixy,

Trombetas, 21st January, 1874; Matatebem, Rio Tapajos,

opposite Itaituba, 16th February, 1874.

Taken in the forests.

Lepidoptera of the Amozons. 145

PAPILIONIN®E, Bates.

PapiLio, Linneus.

223. Papilio gargasus.

Parides gargasus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett.

p. 87, n. 909 (1816).

Papilio eneus, Cramer (nec Linn.), Pap. Exot. ii.

pl2795 A, Bi(1872).

Uricurituba, Rio Tapajos, 17th March, 1874.

224. Papilio sonoria.

?. Papilio sonoria, G. R. Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M.

p. 57, pl. 10, fig. 1 (1852).

$. Uricurituba, Rio Tapajos, 17th March, 1874.

225. Papilio opalinus, n. sp. (PI. III. fig. 5.)

?. Wings above smoky brown; primaries with the

apical half, excepting the borders, very pale; veins black;

secondaries darker, the outer border nearly black; a broad

fascia from the second subcostal branch to the anal angle,

widest in the middle, rose red with an opaline shot,

crossed by black veins, slightly convex internally and sub-

angulated and undulated externally; fringe white in the

sinuations of the wings; body dark brown, head and

thorax blackish, a carmine spot on each side of the collar,

margins of pectus spotted with rose red, also the two

basal segments of the venter; anus rose red; wings below

nearly as above, but the fascia of secondaries rather paler

in the centre and not opalescent : expanse of wings 3 inches

9 lines.

Pedroso, Uttary, Rio Purus, 25th September, 1874.

I cannot find that this species is anywhere described.

It is an interesting species, inasmuch as it possesses the

opalescence common to many males of this genus, although

in a less marked degree.

226. Papilio polydamas.

Papilio polydamas, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ul.

p. 192 (1764) ; Drury, Ill. Ex. Ent. i. pl. 17, figs. 1,

2 (1773).

Obydos, 26th January ; Sta. Cruz, Rio Tapajos, 17th

March, 1874.

227. Papilio belus.

Papilio belus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 112, A, B

(1779).

Boa Vista, Rio Jutahi, 2nd February, 1865.

146 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

228. Papilio protesilaus.

Papilio protesilaus, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr.

p- 209 (1764); Clerck, Icones, pl. 27, fig. 2 (1764).

Mauhes river, a few miles below the Cachocira de

Portad, 1st May; Uraria or Tupinambaranas channel, 7th

and 9th May; Rio Negro, near Manaos, 14th June,

1874.

229. Papilio dolicaon.

Papilio dolicaon, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 17,

C, D (1775).

Boa Vista, Rio Jutahi, 1st February, 1875.

230. Papilio caudius.

Princ. dom. caudius, Hiibner, Samml. Exot.

Schmett. (1806—16).

$, 2. Serpa, in the bush, 21st and 22nd April, 1874.

The male more nearly resembles typical P. torquatus

than our Museum example does, which renders it probable

that the female of P. torquatus is at least dimorphic. It

is possible that it may be tetramorphic, but of this we have

at present no positive evidence.

231. Papilio thoas.

Papilio thoas, Linneus, Mant. Plant. p. 536

(1771); Drury, Ill. Exot. Ent. 1. pl. 22, figs. 1, 2

(1773).

Serpa, in the bush, 25th April, 1874.

Family HESPERIID.

Goniurus, Hibner.

232. Goniurus simplicius.

Papilio simplicius, Stoll, Suppl. Cramer, pl. 39,

fies. 6, 6 E (1790).

é. Prainha, 8th December, 1873; Rio Trombetas, 30th

January. ¢. Matatebem, opposite Itaituba, 16th March,

1874; Serpa, 21st and 24th April.

233. Goniurus esmeraldus, n. sp.

Nearly aliied to G. proteus; above more brilliantly

shot with green, the hyaline spots of primaries larger ;

secondaries below with the markings much darker, the

spots on basal area bordered externally with creamy

whitish; the discal band straighter, bordered externally,

at its lower extremity, with whitish, and connected with

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 147

apex at its upper extremity; centre of body below white:

expanse of wings 2 inches | line.

Villa bella 15th April, 1874.

I believe this to be a distinct species. We have a long

series of G. proteus, but no example agreeing with G.

esmeraldus in the characters above noted.

234. Goniurus zilpa?

Goniurus zilpa, Butler, Lep. Exot. p. 109, pl. 40,

fic. 2 (1872).

Altar do chao, 7th January, 1874.

The single example is in very bad condition, but seems

to agree with my species.

235. Goniurus undulatus.

Eudamus undulatus, Hewitson, Descr. Hesp. p. 4,

n. 4 (1867).

Obydos.

The date of capture is not recorded, but was probably

January, 1874.

Evupamus, Swainson.

236. Eudamus orion.

Papilio orion, Clerck, Icones, pl. 42, fig. 3 (1764).

Iripixy river, Trombetas, 30th January, 1874.

237. Eudamus brachius, var.

Goniurus brachius, Hiibner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett.

fies. 609, 610 (1832).

Serpa, 13th February, 1875.

One example, with the white border of secondaries

rather narrow.

238. Eudamus aunus.

Papilio aunus, Fabricius, Sp. Ins. p. 134, n. 618

(ize:

Uricurituba, forest road, Rio Tapajos, 17th March,

1874; Serpa, in the bush, 21st April, 1874.

239. Eudamus chalco.

Goniurus chaleo, Hiibner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett.

figs. 313, 314 (1823).

Serpa, in the bush, 21st April, 1874.

148 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

TELEGONUS, Hubner.

240. Telegonus anaphus.

Papilio anaphus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 178, F

(1779).

Serpa, in the bush, 24th April, 1874.

241. Telegonus talus.

Papilio talus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. u. pl. 176, D

(aig):

Uraria channel, 8th April, 1874.

Taken at light!

242. Telegonus labriaris, n. sp.

Bears a vague resemblance to JZ. pherenice of

Hewitson.

Primaries above purplish-brown, with 10 hyaline spots,

one in the cell the others in an oblique Z-shaped series

beyond it; the spot in the cell, and those above the

median branches, notched externally; the fourth, fifth and

ninth of the discal series punctiform, the eighth largest;

basal area sprinkled with ochreous hairs; secondaries

bright ochreous, with the costal and outer borders, a band

across the cell, and another across the disc, purplish-

brown; a round hyaline spot near the base; fringe white-

~ yaried; body brown, clothed with yellow hairs, palpi

white; primaries below deep purplish, greyish at base;

internal area and borders of the hyaline spots pale tawny ;

secondaries deep purplish, irrorated with grey, and shot

with green; two rows of ochraceous spots of different sizes

across the disc; hyaline spot as above; body below bronzy-

brown, tibiz and tarsi of legs whity-brown: expanse of

wings | inch 11 lines.

Labria, Rio Purus, 1st October, 1874.

A very distinct and well-defined species.

HypranomiA Butler.

243. Hydrenomia orcinus.

Eudamus orcinus, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep. iii.

p- 510, n. 887; pl. 71, figs. 4, 5 (1867).

Coary, Rio Solimoes, 16th October, 1874.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 149

JETHILLA, Hewitson.

244, /Ethilla amphion.

Proteides amphion, Hiibner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett.

fies. 631, 632 (1832).

Rio Jutahi, lst February, 1875.

245, /Ethilla infanda, n. sp.

Allied to 42. coracina, but smaller: wings above black;

primaries with a transverse ill-defined streak across the

basal area, an oblique patch from the costa across the

discocellulars to the third median branch, and two undu-

lated submarginal streaks (connected at the nervures),

greyish-sericeous ; secondaries with the base, an ill-defined

curved streak across the end of the cell, the apex and anal

angle greyish; abdominal area purplish-brown; body black:

wings below paler; primaries dark purplish-brown, with

the outer border chocolate-brown; secondaries chocolate-

brown, with the costal third, a macular transverse band

beyond the cell, and indications of a similar submarginal

band, purplish-brown; body below chocolate-brown: ex-

panse of wings 2 inches.

Tunantins, 23rd November, 1874.

PHAREAS, Westwood.

246. Phareas gentius.

Papilio gentius, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 179, C

(i)

Lake Arapecu, Rio Trombetas, 2nd March, 1874.

It is to be hoped that this species will not receive another

name; the male of P. neleus of Linneus has recently

received two, viz. Entheus infernalis and Phareas

hesychius.

247. Phareas cceleste.

Phareas celeste, Westwood and Hewitson, Gen.

Diurn. Lepid. pl. 78, fig. 4 (1852).

No note of exact locality, or date of capture. The pupa

is attached to a leaf like Stoll’s figure la on plate 6.

Erycives, Hubner.

248. Erycides paleemon.

Papilio palemon, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 131, F

(1779).

Humayta Campo, Rio Madeira, 20th May, 1874.

150 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

PyrrHopyGa, Hubner.

249. Pyrrhopyga zonara. 3

Pyrrhopyga zonara, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. iv.

pl. Pyrrh. 2, fig. 10 (1872).

Rio Jutahi, 1st February, 1875.

PrRoTEIDES, Hubner.

250. Proteides chalestra.

Hesperia chalestra, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. v.

pl. Hesp. 5, figs. 44, 45 (1872).

Humayta Campo, Rio Madeira, 30th May, 1874.

Carystus, Hubner.

251. Carystus antoninus.

Hesperia antoninus, Latreille, Enc. Méth. ix.

p. 746, n. 47 (1823).

Obydos, 25th January, 1874; Pedroso, Rio Purus, 25th

September.

PamMPHILA, Fabricius.

Section CALPODES.

252. Pamphila nyctelius.

Hesperia nyctelius, Latreille, Enc. Méth. ix.

p- 746, n. 47 (1823).

Shady woods near Prainha, 6th December, 1873; Pariti,

Rio Purus, 5th October, 1874.

Section GEGENES.

253. Pamphila herminieri ?

Hesperia L’ Herminier, Latreille, Enc. Méth. ix.

p. 777, n. 135 (1823).

Obydos, 24th January, 1874.

254. Pamphila philemon.

Papilio philemon, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 534,

n. 392 (1775).

Obydos, 25th January, Oca, Rio Trombetas, 25th

February, Ilha das Araras, Rio Madeira, 4th June, 1874.

255. Pamphila sodalis, n. sp.

Allied to the preceding species, but the wings uni-

formly olive-brown, no trace of the pale internal area on

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 151

under surface of primaries; body darker brown; palpi

whitish at the base laterally: expanse of wings 1 inch

3 lines.

Obydos, 18th February, 1874.

256. Pamphila alumna, n. sp.

é. Wings and body above uniformly olive-brown;

primaries below with the costal and apical areas paler, the

latter bounded within (between the subcostal branches) by

three obliquely-placed, brown-edged, light-brown dots; two

similarly coloured larger dots on the median interspaces;

margin dusky; fringe grey, with a pale basal line; secon-

daries paler than above, greyish at base, crossed imme-

diately beyond the cell by a zigzag series of dark brown

spots; a less distinct arched series of greyish-brown spots

across the disc; margin and fringe as in primaries; palpi

white, with black terminal joint and grey heirs; pectus

grey, whitish behind; legs pale brown; venter white,

brown at the sides, with a central longitudinal blackish

line: expanse of wings 1 inch 2 lines.

?. The spots on primaries large and well defined: ex-

panse of wings 1 inch 4 lines.

Matatebem, 16th March, Abacaxis, 13th May, 1874;

Pupunha, Rio Jurua, 5th November.

257. Pamphila allubita, n. sp.

8. Wings above olive-brown, with bronzy reflections;

primaries with two spots placed obliquely on median inter-

spaces, and two dots on discoidal interspaces, stramineous ;

body rather deeper brown; palpi and margin of eyes

sordid white; wings below much paler; median spots of

primaries whitish, discoidal spots obsolete; pectus greyish,

venter sordid white: expanse of wings 1 inch | line.

Obydos, 24th January, 1874; Rio Sapo, 21st Novem-

ber.

258. Pamphila ancillaris, n. sp.

$. Wings above olive-brown, with bright bronzy and

green reflections; primaries with the oblique male streak

composed of two blade-like white liturz placed end to

end; body dark brown; wings below paler than above,

the central area dusky; two small spots placed obliquely

on the median interspaces, and three minute dots placed

transversely between the subcostal branches, whity-brown,

very indistinct; secondaries with a curved indistinct

152 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

whity-brown streak broken up into spots by the median

branches; body below sordid white: expanse of wings

1 inch 4 lines.

Oca, Rio Trombetas, 28th February, 1874.

259. Pamphila chydza, n. sp.

¢. Above dark brown; fringe of wings sordid white;

primaries with two small hyaline spots placed obliquely

on the median interspaces, and one hyaline point (scarcely

visible) beyond the end of the cell; primaries below with

the costal area irrorated with testaceous; a longitudinal

interno-median white streak; secondaries irrorated all

over with testaceous, five ill-defined spots of the same

colour forming a waved line across the disc; body below

sordid white, venter with a longitudinal central black line:

expanse of wings | inch 3 lines.

Serpa, in the bush, 24th April, 1874.

260. Pamphila compta, n. sp.

6, 2. Above dark brown; primaries with two small,

hyaline-white spots placed obliquely on the median inter-

spaces, and two hyaline points (scarcely visible) beyond

the end of the cell; wings below paler; primaries with

the central area dusky; two hyaline spots in the median

interspaces, and three small decreasing dots between the

subcostal branches; secondaries with a zigzag, arched,

discal series of seven testaceous spots; pectus greyish,

palpi and centre of venter sordid white, the latter with

a longitudinal black line: expanse of wings | inch 3

lines.

Oca, Rio Trombetas, 26th February; Matatebem, oppo-

site Itaituba, 16th March; Villa bella, 15th April, 1874.

261. Pamphila confixa, n. sp.

Black-brown, fringe of wings grey; primaries with

three small, lunular, hyaline-white spots placed obliquely

below the median branches, and two unequal dots beyond

the cell; sides of palpi and margins of eyes white: wings

below purplish-brown; primaries with the central area

black; a testaceous patch (diffused externally) on the

interno-median interspace, and above it two hyaline-white

spots; a hyaline-white dot beyond the cell; secondaries

with an indistinct arched series of four pale-brown spots

beyond the cell; pectus grey, legs pale brown; venter

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 153

white, testaceous at the sides, with a central longitudinal

black line: expanse of wings 1 inch 7 lines.

Parentins, lst April, 1874.

Allied to P. homolea and near to P. lucifer.

262. Pamphila evans, n. sp.

8. Above uniform deep brown, fringe grey; wings

below brilliantly shot with purple; veins brown; internal

area of primaries greyish-brown; palpi white at base;

pectus dark grey; legs whity-brown; venter white, with

brown sides, and a well-marked central longitudinal brown

stripe: expanse of wings 1 inch 2 lines.

Rapid of Porteira, Rio Trombetas, 2nd March, 1874.

This species may be placed near P. @cas.

263. Pamphila hilas.

Flesperia hilas, Wallengren, Wien. Ent. Monatschr,

iv. p. 38, n. 21 (1860).

Itaituba, 13th February ; Rio Tapajos, 15th March;

Villa bella, 15th April, 1874.

Section APAUSTUS.

264. Pamphila menes.

Papilio menes, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 393 ,H, I

(1782).

Itaituba, 13th February; Paricatuba, 12th October ;

Rio Jurud, 7th November, 1874.

265. Pamphila stictomenes, n. sp.

Allied to P. menes, but above like P. hilas. Above

dark brown; primaries with three oblique median and

three smaller vertical white spots; secondaries with an

angulated discal series of six testaceous dashes; head and

thorax olivaceous; wings below paler, tinted with purplish ;

apical area of primaries and the whole of secondaries

white-veined ; spots as above, but all white; body below

whitish in the centre: expanse of wings 1 inch.

Obydos, in the forest, 12th February; Oca, Rio Trom-

betas, 26th February, 1874.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART I. (JUNE.) M

154 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

Section PAMPHILA (typical).

266. Pamphila phyleeus.

Papilio phyleus, Drury, Ill. Exot. Ent. i. pl. 13,

figs. 4, 5 (1773).

@. Sta. Cruz, Rio Tapajos, 17th March, 1874.

Pyreus, Hubner.

267. Pyrgus syrichtus.

Papilio syrichtus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 534,

n. 394 (1775).

Prainha, 8th December, 1873; Obydos, 26th January

and 4th February; Fazenda, near the rapids, Rio Tapajos,

14th March; Sta. Cruz, Rio Tapajos, 17th March;

Serpa, 22nd April, 1874, and 13th February, 1875;

Mauhes river, 2nd May, 1874.

268. Pyrgus arsalte.

Papilio arsalte, Linneeus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 245

(1764); Clerck, Icones, pl. 23, fig. 2 (1764).

Tripixy, Rio Trombetas, 30th January; Serpa, in the

bush, 22nd and 24th April, 1874; 13th February, 1875.

269. Pyrgus laginia.

Leucochitonea laginia, Hewitson, Descr. Hesp.

p. 48, n. 7 (1868).

Gaviao, 10th November, 1874.

ACHLYODES, Hubner.

270. Achlyodes ecliptica, n. sp.

Primaries sericeous-grey; two black bands across the

basal area, the second forming an angulated fork which

crosses the end of the cell; an elbowed discal black band,

above which is a subcostal spot; a lunulated submarginal

black band, ending in a short black bar at external angle;

secondaries sericeous-grey, crossed by two curved central

bands of black; outer border rather broadly black; body

blackish; wings below purplish, transverse bands less

strongly defined; costal area of primaries between the

bands pale grey towards apex; marginal border of second-

aries replaced by a submarginal series of lunate black

spots: expanse of wings | inch 7 lines.

Rio Tapajos, 11th January; Pariti, Rio Purus, on

edge of river, 5th October, 1874.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 155

271. Achlyodes exosa, n. sp.

é. Primaries brown, with the base, two central inter-

rupted elbowed oblique bands from costa to inner margin,

and an ill-defined submarginal streak, black; secondaries

black, with traces of two or three diffused brown bands on

costal area; body black; wings below chocolate-brown;

secondaries crossed by two curved central darker bands:

expanse of wings 1 inch 2 lines.

2 ? Wings above chocolate-brown, a curved greyish

streak intersected by a line of the ground colour beyond

the cell of primaries: wings below chocolate-brown;

secondaries crossed by several darker lines: expanse of

wing's | inch 1 line.

$. Forestat St. Vicenzio, Rio Purus, 22nd September;

Uttary, Rio Purus, 25th September, 1874.

The female was taken at light!

Allied to A. tetrastiqgma.

272. Achlyodes nyctineme (Boisd. in litt.).

6. Wings above dark olive-brown, fringe grey; pri-

maries with three white dots beyond the cell; a sub-basal

transverse band, two bands united upon the inner margin,

thence diverging, and elbowed near the costa, the outer

one limited by the white dots, and a submarginal macular

streak, black-brown; secondaries with a spot in the cell,

two irregularly arched transverse central bands, and a

submarginal macular streak, black-brown; wings below

nearly as above, but the markings less strongly defined:

expanse of wings 1 inch 4 lines.

2. Redder and smaller than the male, the bands and

spots broader: expanse of wings 1 inch 2 lines.

?. Rio Trombetas, 30th January, 1874. ¢. Para, 2nd

March, 1875.

Allied to Helias pyralina, Moeschler.

ANTIGONUS, Hiibner.

273. Antigonus erosus.

Urbanus vetus erosus, Hiibner, Samml. Exot.

Schmett. (1806—16).

$. Obydos, 23rd January, 1874.

TacravEs, Hubner.

274. Tagiades astrigera, n. sp.

Wings above deep brown, primaries with a dot below

the origin of the first median branch; three in an oblique

M 2

156 Mr. A. G. Butler on Lepidoptera of the Amazons.

series from the costa across the cell, and a deeply waved

series of nine across the disc, hyaline white; secondaries

with a dot at end of cell, and a circular series round it,

pale brown; body dark brown above; palpi yellow at the

sides; pectus grey; venter sandy whitish, brown at the

sides: primaries below with a submarginal series of testa-

ceous dots, otherwise as above; Secanieenie with the dots

testaceous, otherwise as above: expanse of wings 1 inch

11 lines.

Uricurituba, Rio Tapajos, 17th March, 1874.

Two examples were obtained of this remarkable New

World representative of the Old World genus Tagiades.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE II.

Fig. 1. Stalachtis Trailii, p. 137.

. Kubagis limbata, p. 117.

. Eubagis niveata,p.116. *

. Echenais mollis, p. 133.

. Papilio opalinus, p. 145.

. Tmolus clitumnus, p. 140.

. Ceratinia castanea, p. 109.

. Mechanitis pannifera, p. 109.

th)

aeaNaa Pf & to

X. Descriptions of new genera and of uncharactertzed

species of Halticine. By Josepy 8. Baty, F.L.5.

[Read 4th April, 1877.]

List oF SPECIES.

Nisotra Breweri oC a

Arsipoda hematodera oe

5 ceruleata .. OC

Crepidodera africana .» bc

op japonica 50

+ costipennis be

3 collaris ae

as parallela.. 50

. vestita .» 50

Haltica amazona ae 00

Sebeethe nigricornis .. 50

» fulvipennis .. v

> torrida 50 5¢

Leptophysa (n.g.) Batesii ..

Chztocnema natalensis 56

F Wollastoni ae

is persica .. ee

x cognata .. oe

5 squarrosa Ac

Bretinghami ..

concinnipennis ..

Wallacei ae

robusta .. a0

clypeata.. 56

mexicana ate

megalopoides ..

fuscemaculata ..

carinata.. 00

submetallescens

Erichsoni 5A

Stenophyma (n. g.) elegans ..

Longitarsus amazonus

”

Aphthona Wallacei ..

Phyllotreta orientalis...

”

Spheroderma ornata ..

”

Argopus Fortunei

Stegnaspea (n. g.) Trimeni

Dibolia Duboulayi ..

Psylliodes Chapuisii ..

scutellatus

Cumingii

apicipennis

ete. (ete en ieme) 10) ie

aie! fe) Je: re) ‘el (0 (ens) e

- Australia.

OC ”

= ”

. Camaroons.

Japan.

ee Borneo.

-» Shanghai.

.» Australia.

Para.

» Cambodia.

- SBirmah.

Sierra Leone.

e. Para.

-- Port Natal.

-- Cape of Good Hope.

-. Persia.

e» India.

ee ”

O00 ”»

«> Malacca.

-» Brazil.

Para.

Teapa.

Australia,

. ee e . . e . .

BP hele er ey 21.616: age Pale fe

»”

Brazil.

Para.

Australia.

Flores.

Kurdistan.

Manilla.

Cambodia.

Borneo.

N. China.

Cape of Good Hope.

Australia.

Tringanee.

Genus Nisorra, Baly.

Nisotra Brewert.

Ovata, convexa, flavo-testacea, nitida, antennis, basi

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1877.—PART II.

(JUNE, )

158 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of

exceptis, nigris; elytris viridi-ceruleis, metallicis, sub-

striatim punctatis.

Long. 13 lin.

Hab.— Australia, Rockhampton. ; ie

Vertex smooth, impunctate; encarpe ill-defined, linear,

oblique, not contiguous; carina obsolete; eyes and apex of

jaws black; antennz half the length of the body, four lower

joints flavo-testaceous, the fifth piceous, the rest black.

Thorax nearly three times as broad as long; sides rounded,

nearly parallel, all the angles produced slightly outwards,

acute; upper surface convex, minutely punctured, sides

thickened; anterior border impressed on either side, at

some distance from the lateral margin, with a short notch.

Elytra more strongly punctured than the thorax, punctures

on the outer disk arranged in double strize; imterspaces

impressed with punctures of equal size to those on the

strie, rendering the latter obscure; on the outer side,

near the lateral margin, are three or four slightly-raised

vittee.

Genus ArsrpopA, Krichs.

Arsipoda hematodera.

Elongato-ovata, modice convexa, nigra, nitida, thorace

leevi, rufo-testaceo, pedibus piceis; capite (antennis ex-

ceptis), scutello elytrisque nigro-eneis; his confuse,

tenuiter punctatis.

Long. 24 lin.

Hab.—Western Australia, Swan River.

Head with the vertex shining, very finely wrinkled,

front separated on either side from the lower face by an

oblique groove; encarpe oblong, oblique, ill-defined, not

contiguous; carina broad, scutate, sides of the clypeus

obscure rufous; antenn half the length of the body, four

lower joints rufous, stained above with piceous; jaws and

labrum also piceous. Thorax more than twice as broad

as long; sides straight and parallel at the base, rounded

and converging in front, hinder angles rectangular, acute,

the anterior ones thickened, obtuse: upper surface trans-

versely convex, smooth and shining, faintly impressed with

minute shallow punctures, only visible in certain lights

under a strong lens; basal groove obsolete. Scutellum

trigonate. Elytra broader than the thorax, oblong, at-

tenuated towards the apex; surface faintly wrinkled, finely

punctured; on the middle disk are some faint traces of

new genera and species of Haulticine. 159

longitudinal strie. Legs rufo-piceous, four hinder thighs

stained above with piceous.

Very nearly allied to A. fulvicollis; it differs in the

more finely punctured elytra and in the almost entire

absence of the longitudinal strize on their surfaces; it also

differs in the short scutate carina, this part of the face in

the older species being longer and pyriform.

Arsipoda ceruleata.

Subelongato-ovata, modice convexa, metallico-ceerulea,

nitida, subtus czruleo-nigra, antennis (basi fulva excepta)

nigris; thorace levi, vix punctato, basi sulco transverso,

utrinque longe ante marginem desinente, instructo; elytris

oblongis, infra basin leviter depressis, tenuiter striatim

punctatis, punctis in striis confusis dispositis.

Long. 14 lin.

Hab.—Western Australia (Duboulay).

Vertex smooth and shining, impunctate; front im-

pressed on either side, above the encarpz, with several

deep fovezx; encarpe well defined, transverse, subpyriform,

nearly contiguous; carina rhomboidal, extended anteriorly

to the front edge of the clypeus; antennz more than half

the length of the body, four lower joints fulvous, stained

with piceous, the rest black. Thorax two-thirds broader

than long; sides rounded, scarcely converging in front,

the hinder angle produced into an acute tooth, the anterior

one thickened, subacute; upper surface convex, rather

sparingly impressed with minute punctures, only visible

under a lens; basal surface impressed with a broad well

defined transverse sulcation, which terminates abruptly on

either side, at some distance from the lateral margin;

anterior border of the groove sinuate. Scutellum trigonate.

Elytra broader than the thorax, oblong, faintly depressed

below the basilar space, finely striate-punctate, the punc-

tures irregularly placed on the striae; interspaces plain,

very finely but not closely punctured. Hinder thigh

moderately thickened, hinder tibia nearly straight, its

outer edge not longitudinally grooved.

Genus Crermopvera, Chevr.

Crepidodera africana,

Ovata, convexa, piceo-fulva, nitida, pectore abdomineque

piceis; thorace conyexo, suleco basali profunde impresso,

160 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of

fere ad marginem lateralem producto; elytris infra basin

transversim excavatis, sat fortiter punctato-striatis, inter-

spatiis externis convexiusculis, callo humerali prominulo.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab.—Guinea, Camaroons.

Head triangular, vertex smooth, impunctate; encarpe

small, subovate, contiguous, carina linear; antennze about

half the length of the body, rather longer in the 4,

slightly thickened towards the apex. Thorax rather

more than half as broad again as long at the hase;

sides straight, diverging from base to apex, anterior

angles thickened, obtusely truncate, slightly oblique;

hinder margin sinuate on either side the medial lobe,

the latter produced, subacutely rounded; above convex,

disk smooth, nearly impunctate, only a few faint

impressions being visible under a lens; basal groove

deep, slightly sinuate in the middle, not abruptly termi-

nating on the sides, but extending nearly to the lateral

border of the thorax; its surface impressed with a single

row of punctures. Scutellum transverse, semirotundate.

Elytra much broader than the thorax, broadly ovate,

convex, excavated transversely below the basilar space,

the latter distinctly raised; humeral callus thickened,

prominent ; surface rather strongly punctate-striate, the

Interspaces impunctate, those near the outer margin

thickened, convex.

Crepidodera japonica.

Elongata, convexa, supra viridi-eenea, nitida, antennis

(basi fulva excepta) nigris; subtus sneo-nigra, pedibus

piceis, tibiis tarsisque pallidioribus; thorace fortiter et

irregulariter punctato; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, m-

terspatiis convexiusculis, ad latera et ad apicem convexis.

Mas.— Antennarum articulo quarto elongato, ad apicem

incrassato.

Long. 12 lin.

Hab.—Japan, Hakodate; ¢ in Mr. Lewis’ collection,

the 2 in my own.

Head rugose-punctate, carina raised, linear; encarpe

well defined, oblique, contiguous ; antennz more than half

the length of the body, 4th joint in the $ one-half longer

than the 3rd, thickened and subclavate; not thickened and

equal in length to the 3rd in the 2; three or four lower

joints fulvous, the rest black. Thorax nearly one-half

new genera and species of Halticine. 161

broader than long; sides straight and parallel, rounded

and converging in front, anterior angle thickened, obtuse ;

above strongly punctured, the punctures arranged irregu-

larly over the surface; basal groove straight, well defined,

terminated at either end by a perpendicular impression,

which extends to the basal margin; space between these

impressions depressed. Scutellum smooth, trigonate.

Elytra narrowly oblong, broader than the thorax, parallel,

convex, faintly excavated and indistinctly wrinkled below

the basilar space; regularly punctate-striate, interspaces

scarcely thickened on the inner disk, convex on the sides

and apex; when viewed under a lens, minutely but not

closely punctured,

Crepidodera costipennis.

Ovata, convexa, obscure cuprea, tibiis anticis anten-

nisque obscure fulvis, his ad apicem piceis; thorace irre-

gulariter granuloso-strigoso, minus remote, sat fortiter

punctato ; elytris infra basin obsolete transversim depressis,

fortiter punctato-striatis, interstitiis costatis, sub lente

strigoso-reticulatis.

Long. | lin.

Hab.— Borneo; collected by Mr. Wallace.

Head short, subrotundate; vertex granulose-strigose,

subremotely punctured, separated from the eyes and lower

face by a deep groove; encarpz linear, oblique, not dis-

tinctly separated from the interocular spaces; carina

oblong, ill-defined. Thorax twice as broad at the base as

long, basal margin sinuate on either side the medial lobe,

the latter produced, subacutely rounded; lateral margin

nearly straight, obliquely narrowed from base to apex,

anterior angles thickened, obliquely truncate; upper sur-

face irregularly granulose-strigose, strongly but not very

closely punctured; basal groove ill-defined. Elytra strongly

punctate-striate, striz sulcate, interspaces costate, faintly

reticulate-strigose.

Crepidodera collaris.

Ovata, convexa, nigra, nitida, thorace capiteque rufo-

testaceis; antennis basi fulvis, extrorsum nigris; pedibus

obscure fulvis, femoribus posticis nigris, tibiis tarsisque

ejusdem paris piceis; thorace fere impunctato, sulco basali

162 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

obsoleto; elytris tenuiter punctato-striatis, interstitiis

leevibus.

Long. 1 lin.

Hab.—Shanghai (Lewis).

Encarpzx not defined; carina linear, slightly raised; eyes

large, black; vertex smooth, impunctate ; antenne: with the

2nd joint two-thirds the length of the 1st; 3rd and 4th equal,

each rather longer than the 2nd; three lower joints fulvous;

4th and 5th piceous, the rest black. Thorax two-thirds

broader than long; sides parallel, slightly rounded, anterior

angles obliquely truncate; above convex, smooth and

shining, minutely and remotely punctured. Scutellum

smooth, semiovate. Elytra much broader than the

thorax, finely punctate-striate ; interspaces smooth, each

with a single row of very fine punctures, only visible under

a deep lens.

Crepidodera parallela.

Elongata, parallela, fulva, nitida, antennis extrorsum

piceis, pedibus elytrisque infuscatis, his sneo vix mican-

tibus, subdepressis, infra basin transversim excavatis, for-

titer punctato-striatis; thorace levi, basi sulco profundo,

utrinque abbreviato, fortiter punctato, instructo.

Long. 1% lin.

Hab.—Sydney.

Vertex smooth, impunctate; front coarsely punctured

on either side within the eye; encarpee contiguous; carina

elongate, its apex hastate; antennz: more than half the

length of the body, four lower joints piceo-fulvous, the rest

nigro-piceous. ‘Thorax one-third broader than long at

the base; sides slightly diverging and slightly sinuate

from the base to beyond the middle, thence rounded and

converging to the apex; anterior angles thickened, curved

slightly outwards, broadly truncate; hinder angles nearly

rectangular, acute; sides smooth, nearly impunctate, basal

groove abbreviated on either side at some distance from

the lateral margin, deeply and coarsely punctate. Hlytra

impressed below the basilar space and also within the

humeral callus, the latter thickened; surface strongly

punctate-striate, interspaces smooth, impunctate.

Creptdodera vestita.

Elongata, subcylindrica, flava, nitida, antennis extror-

sum abdomineque piceis; thorace sat remote, fortiter

new genera and species of Haulticine. 163

punctato, sulco basali leviter impresso; elytris infra basin

non depressis, regulariter punctato-striatis, pube suberecta

albida sat parce vestitis,

Long. % lin.

Hab.—South Australia, Gawler Town.

Head exserted; vertex smooth, impunctate; encarpe

thickened, contiguous; eyes ovate, prominent, black ;

antennz robust, nearly three-fourths the length of the

body, slightly thickened towards the apex, the seven outer

joints more or less stained with piceous; Ist and 2nd

joints thickened, the latter distinctly longer than the 3rd.

Thorax about one-third broader than long ; sides straight

and diverging from the base to beyond the middle, anterior

angles produced into a small acute. tooth; basal margin

transversely truncate; upper surface moderately convex,

coarsely but distantly punctured, basal groove only slightly

impressed, closely covered with coarse ‘punctures. Scutel-

lum smooth, trigonate. Elytra broader than the thorax,

oblong, parallel, their apices conjointly acutely rounded;

above “moderately convex, not depressed below the basilar

space, regularly punctate-striate ; interspaces smooth, im-

punctate; surface rather sparingly clothed with coarse

suberect whitish hairs. Body beneath sparingly clothed

with suberect hairs. Abdomen smooth and shining, im-

punctate, more or less staimed with piceous, apices of

claws also piceous. Upper surface of hinder pair of tibiz

not longitudinally grooved.

Genus Haxrtica, Geoffroy.

Haltica amazona.

Anguste oblongo-ovata, convexa, nigra, nitida, femori-

bus anticis quatuor, capite, antennis basi thoraceque rufo-

testaceis, elytris viridi-metallicis.

Long. 13 lin.

Hab.—Para, Santarem.

Head smooth, impunctate; encarpz remote, trigonate,

carina linear; four lower joints of antennz rufo-testaceis,

the rest black. Thorax one-third broader than long, sides

straight and parallel at the base, rounded and converging

in front; basal margin straight on either side, medial lobe

very slichtly produced, very obtusely rounded; disk convex,

impunctate, impressed in front of the basal margin with a

deep transverse groove, which extends entirely across the

surface; on either side, at some distance from the outer

164 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s deseriptions of

margin, is a short ill-defined longitudinal impression, which

extends backwards from the transverse groove nearly to

the basal margin. Elytra broader than the thorax, sides

slightly rounded, subparallel; above convex, not impressed

below the base, finely but distinctly punctulate.

Genus SEBETHE, Baly.

Sebethe nigricornis.

Rotundato-ovata, modice convexa, pallide fulva, nitida,

oculis antennisque (his basi exceptis) nigris; thorace leevi,

fere impunctato; elytris tenuissime, subremote punctatis.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab. — Cambodia.

Vertex smooth, impunctate; front impressed on either

side, just above the upper and outer angle of the encarpa,

with a single deep fovea; encarpe transverse, well defined,

subquadrate, contiguous; carina strongly raised between

the antennal cavities, its upper portion linear; antennz

‘three-fourths the length of the body, three lower joints

‘fulvous, the rest black. Thorax more than three times as

broad as long; sides broadly reflexed, rounded and diverg-

ing at the base, thence obliquely converging and slightly

rounded to the apex, apical angle thickened, obtuse, the

hinder one nearly obsolete, very obtuse; upper surface

smooth, impunctate. Scutellum large, trigonate, its apex

rounded. Elytra broadly ovate, broadly rounded at the

apex, their surfaces minutely but not closely punctured; the

punctures only visible under a strong lens.

Sebethe fulvipennis.

Oblongo-ovata, modice convexa, nigra, nitida, antenna-

rum basi, ore, scutello thoracisque lateribus reflexis fulvo-

piceis, vertice obscure piceo; elytris fulvis, tenuiter

punctatis.

Long. 13 lin.

Hab.— Birmah.

Vertex smooth, impunctate; encarpz subquadrate, well

defined, contiguous; carina raised, linear; antenne rather

more than half the length of the body, two lower joints

obscure fulvous, the rest black. Thorax more than three

times as broad as long; sides broadly reflexed, rounded and

converging from base to apex; anterior angles produced,

thickened, obtuse, the hinder acute; basal margin slightly

new genera and species of Halticine. 165

bisinuate on either side, its medial portion obtuse; upper

surface impressed, but not closely, with minute punctures ;

reflexed lateral margin piceo-fulvous. Scutellum trigonate.

Kilytra broadly oblong-ovate, regularly rounded at the

apex, moderately convex, distinctly margined, finely but

distinctly punctured. Penultimate joint and claw of the

four anterior tarsi obscure piceous.

Sebethe torrida.

Regulariter oblongo-ovata, modice convexa, rufo-fulva,

nitida, subtus cum antennis fulva; thorace elytrisque

subremote, tenuiter punctatis.

Long. 22 lin.

Hab.—Sierra Leone.

Vertex smooth, impunctate; encarpe well defined,

quadrate, contiguous; carina raised, linear, thickened

between the insertion of the antenne; maxillary palpi

rotundate-ovate, acute; antenne filiform, three-fourths

the length of the body, entirely fulvous. Thorax nearly

three times as broad as long; sides somewhat broadly

rounded, slightly converging in front; anterior angles pro-

duced, thickened, obtuse, hinder ones produced laterally

into an acute tooth; upper surface finely but distantly

punctured. Elytra rather broader than the thorax, oblong,

their apices regularly rounded; above moderately convex,

the sides distinctly margined, rather more closely punc-

tured than the thorax.

Genus LEPTOPHYSA.

Corpus elongatum, angustatum, convexum, dorso paullo

depressum, parce setosum. Caput exsertum ; facie per-

pendiculari, inter oculos elevaté; encarpis contiguis;

carind elevata, lineariformi; antennis filiformibus.

Thorax transverso-quadratus, paullo convexus, basi

leviter transversim sulcatus. lytra thorace latiora,

parallela, modice convexa, punctato-striata. Pedes sat

graciles; coxis anticis ovatis, prosterno fere squialtis;

femoribus posticis modice incrassatis; tibzis simplicibus,

dorso non canaliculatis, quatuor anticis muticis, posticis

apice spina acuta armatis; wnguiculis appendiculatis.

Prosternum convexum, inter coxas angustatum, apice

dilatatum, truncatum ; acetabulis anticis vix apertis.

166 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of

Leptophysa Batesit.

Elongata, modice convexa, dorso paullo complanata,

obscure cuprea, parce setosa, subtus picea, pedibus (fe-

moribus posticis apice exceptis) flavis; antennis nigris,

basi fulvis.

Long. 1 lin.

HHab.— Para.

Head subtrigonate ; encarpz contiguous, subtrigonate ;

antennz more than three-fourths the length of the body,

basal joint incrassate, about equal in length to the third,

second slightly incrassate, shorter than the third; four

lower joints pale piceo-fulvous, the basal one stained above

with piceous. Thorax rather more than one-half as broad

again as long; sides straight and parallel, slightly con-

verging at the apex, anterior angle scarcely produced,

obtuse, hinder angle acute; basal margin nearly straight,

slightly sinuate on either side; above transversely convex,

coarsely but remotely punctured; basal groove straight,

shallow, ill-defined, abbreviated on either side before

reaching the lateral margin. Elytra broader than the

thorax, parallel, moderately convex, faintly depressed

below the basilar space, regularly punctate - striate,

sparingly clothed with griseous hairs.

Genus CH@TOCNEMA, Stephens.

Baron von Harold in the last volume of his Catalogue

points out that Chetocnema, Stephens, has the priority of

Plectroscelis, Redt.; the latter name, therefore, although

universally of late years used by Entomologists, must fall.

Chetocnema natalensis.

Elongato-ovata, convexa, cupreo- aut viridi-eenea, nitida;

antennis (basi picea excepté) nigris; subtus nigra, eneo

vix micans; thorace transverso, minus fortiter, subcrebre

punctato, utrinque basi sulco brevi perpendiculari im-

presso; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis dis-

tincte punctatis, ad latera et ad apicem convexiusculis,

infra basin obsolete transversim rugulosis.

Long. 1$—21} lin.

Hab.—Port Natal.

Vertex and front finely granulose-reticulate, impressed

here and there on the upper face with a few distinct

punctures ; front separated from the lower face by a deep

new genera and species of Halticine. 167

groove; clypeus coarsely rugose-punctate ; carina linear ;

encarpe obsolete; antennze rather more than half the

length of the body, four lower joints rufo-piceous, the rest

black. Thorax nearly three times as broad as long; sides

nearly straight and parallel at the base, thence converging

and slightly rounded to the apex; anterior angle thickened,

produced into an obtuse tooth, hinder angle nearly rect-

angular, acute; upper surface transversely convex, rather

deeply impressed with moderate-sized punctures, their

interspaces smooth and shining, impunctate. Scutellum

semirotundate. Elytra broader than the thorax, oblong,

convex, strongly punctate-striate; interspaces distinctly

punctured, plane on the inner disk, slightly convex on

the sides and apex, faintly wrinkled here and there below

the base.

Similar in form and size to C. chalcea, v. Harold, but

differing in the presence of the two short perpendicular

grooves at the base of the thorax, together with the dif-

ferent coloration of the antennze and legs.

Chetocnema Wollastont.

Ovata, convexa, cuprea, nitida, antennis pedibusque

rufo-piceis, illis extrorsum femoribusque piceis; capite

thoraceque sat fortiter, minus remote punctatis; elytris sat

fortiter punctato-striatis, interstitio primo confuse punctato.

Long. 14 lin.

Hab.—Cape of Good Hope.

Head subtrigonate, strongly punctured, encarpz and

carina entirely obsolete; vertex broad, separated from the

eyes and lower face by an ill-defined sutural line; labrum

nigro-piceous; antennz about half the length of the body,

slender, five outer joints piceous. Thorax nearly twice

as broad as long at the base; sides rounded and converging

from the base to the apex, anterior angles slightly pro-

duced, obtuse; surface deeply but not very closely punc-

tured, interspaces shining, impunctate. LElytra strongly

punctate-striate; interspaces smooth, impunctate, first im-

terspace next the suture irregularly punctured.

Chetocnema persica.

Elongata, postice paullo attenuata, convexa, cuprea,

nitida, subtus obscurior, pedibus (femoribus posticis ex-

ceptis) antennisque fulvis, his saepe extrorsum infuscatis ;

168 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

capite thoraceque granuloso-punctatis, hoc utrinque sulco

basali perpendiculari brevi impresso, sat tenuiter, sub-

remote punctato; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, inter-

spatiis tenuissime leviter transversim rugulosis, tenuiter

punctatis, interspatio primo confuse, fortiter punctato.

Long. 12 lin.

Hab.—Persia.

Head finely granulose, impressed on either side above

the eye with a few irregular punctures; front distinctly

separated from the face; encarpz obsolete ; interocular

spaces deeply punctured; carina linear, its apex bounded

on either side by a triangular depression; eyes large; an-

tenne nearly two-thirds the length of the body, five or six

outer joints sometimes stained with fuscous. Thorax

nearly twice as broad at the base as long; sides straight,

converging from base to apex; hinder angles acute, the

anterior thickened, subacute; above transversely convex,

finely granulose, finely and subremotely but distinctly

punctured; on either side at the base is a short slightly

curved perpendicular groove. Scutellum semirotundate.

Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax at the base,

attenuated towards the apex, strongly punctate-striate ;

interspaces faintly transversely rugulose, minutely but not

closely punctured, short interspace next the suture im-.

pressed with coarse punctures, equal in size to those on

the strie. Tooth on the hinder tibia broad, extending

entirely across the outer surface of the limb, compressed,

its apex transversely truncate.

Nearly allied to C. major; narrower, more attenuated

posteriorly; the thorax narrower, less strongly punctured

and with straighter sides; the first interspace on the elytron

in the present species is also coarsely punctured. Both

species may be known from C. chlorophana by the form

of the tooth on the hinder tibia; in C. chlorophana it is

placed on the outer edge of the dorsal surface of the tibia,

is compressed laterally and its apex is acute; in the two

other species it is broad, compressed transversely, and its

apex is transversely truncate.

Chetocnema cognata.

_ Ovata, convexa, cuprea, nitida, pedibus antennisque

fulvis, his extrorsum femoribusque posticis piceis ; thorace

reticulato-granuloso, minus fortiter, subremote punctato ;

new genera and species of Halticine. 169

elytris sat fortiter punctato-striatis, strid lmaé confuse

punctata ; interspatiis convexiusculis.

Long. 1 lin.

Hab.—India (Bretingham).

Head subrotundate ; vertex and front granulose-reticu-

late, deeply but not very closely punctured; face broad,

convex between the eyes, the latter widely separated;

clypeus rugose-punctate; carina linear, ill-defined; en-

carpx obsolete ; labrum large, transverse, shining black,

its anterior surface obliquely deflexed ; antennz half the

length of the body, five lower joints fulvous, the rest

piceous. Thorax twice as broad as long; sides straight

and parallel at the base, rounded and converging in front;

hinder angles acute, the anterior thickened, obliquely

truncate ; above convex, subcylindrical in front, finely

reticulate-granulose, impressed with moderately-sized

punctures, more remote and finer on the disk, coarser and

more crowded on the sides. Scutellum trigonate. Elytra

broadly ovate, slightly attenuated at the apex, the latter

acutely rounded; convex, strongly punctate-striate, the

puncturing on the stria next the suture less regular ‘than

on the others; interspaces slightly convex, very finely

eranulose-reticulate, impunctate, with the exception of the

short interspace next the suture, which is coarsely punc-

tured.

Chetocnema squarrosa.

Breviter ovata, convexa, cuprea, minus nitida, pedibus

antennisque basi piceo-fulvis, his extrorsum femoribusque

posticis piceis; thorace granuloso, minus fortiter punctato ;

elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis leviter con-

vexiusculis, tenuissime granulosis, interspatio primo con-

fuse punctato.

Long. # lin.

FTab.—India; collected by Mr. Bretingham.

Head granulose, distinctly but not closely punctured ;

encarpze and carina obsolete ; antennze less than half the

length of the body; six lower joints obscure fulvous, the

rest nigro-piceous. Thorax twice.as broad as long; sides

straight and parallel behind the middle, rounded and con-

verging in front, anterior angles slightly thickened, ob-

tuse; above transversely convex, subcylindrical in front ;

minutely granulose, distinctly but not very closely punc-

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART II. (JUNE.) N

170 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of

tured. Scutellum trigonate, its apex obtuse. lytra

broader than the thorax, broadly oval, attenuated towards

the apex; surface very minutely granulose, regularly

punctate-striate, interspaces very slightly convex, more

distinctly so on the outer margin, impunctate ; the one

next the suture impressed with large punctures, equal in

size to those on the striz.

Chetocnema Bretinghami.

Anguste ovata, convexa, cuprea, nitida, sneo-micans,

pedibus antennisque sordide fulvis, his extrorsum femori-

busque posticis piceis; thorace fortiter punctato ; elytris

sat profunde punctato-striatis, striis sulcatis; imterspatiis

convexis, ad latera et ad apicem costatis; interstitio primo

confuse punctato.

Long. 14 lin.

Hab.—India, collected by Mr. Bretingham, after whom

I have named the species.

Head small, rotundate, strongly pnnctured; carina and

encarps obsolete; antenne slender, half the length of the

body, six lower joints obscure fulvous, the rest pale piceous.

Thorax twice as broad as long at the base; sides rounded

and converging from base to apex, the hinder angles nearly

rectangular, acute, anterior ones thickened, obtuse; above

convex, subcylindrical at the apex, surface strongly and

closely punctured, the punctures rather more distant on

the middle of the disk. Scutellum transverse, semi-

rotundate. lytra ovate, attenuated towards the apex,

strongly and deeply punctate-striate ; interspaces convex,

costate on the sides and at the apex, interspace next the

suture closely impressed with punctures equal in size to

those of the striz; the other interspaces smooth, im-

punctate.

Chetocnema concinnipennis.

Ovata, convexa, cuprea, nitida, pedibus antennisque

obscure rufo-fulvis, his extrorsum piceis, femoribus posticis

extus piceo-cupreis; thorace fortiter, sat crebre punc-

tato, interstitiis ad latera laxe elevato-reticulatis; elytris

concinne punctato-striatis, interspatiis ad latera sub-

costatis.

Long. 1 lin.

Hab. .—India ; collected by Mr. Bretingham.

Head subrotundate ; vertex and front granulose, im-

new genera and species of Halticine. 171

pressed, but not closely, with distinct punctures; clypeus

rugose-punctate, clothed with white hairs; carina anc

encarpz obsolete; labrum broad, shining black; antennze

scarcely more than half the length of the body, six lower

joints obscure rufo-fulvous, the rest piceous. Thorax

twice as broad as long; sides nearly parallel at the base,

rounded and converging in front, anterior angles thickened,

the hinder one acute; above convex, subcylindrical towards

the apex, covered with deep, strong punctures; interspaces

on the sides loosely elevate-reticulate. Scutellum broader

than long, its apex rounded. Elytra broadly ovate,

slightly attenuated at the apex, the latter subacutely

rounded ; above convex, the humeral callus thickened ;

surface closely covered with regular, strongly punctured

longitudinal strize, the interspaces near the outer margin

subcostate.

Chetocnema Wallace.

Elongata, subcylindrica, picea, nitida, supra cuprea,

pedibus. (femoribus posticis exceptis) antennisque obscure

fulvis, his apice nigro-piceis; thorace fortiter punctato ;

- elytris sat profunde punctato- -striatis; punctis in stria 1ma

confuse dispositis; interspatiis convexis, ad latera costatis.

. Long. 2 lin.

Hab.—Malacca, Mount Orphir; collected by Mr.

Wallace.

Head short, subtrigonate ; vertex minutely granulose-

strigose, impressed on either side above the eye with

several irregular foveze ; encarpze obsolete ; carina scarcely

raised, narrowly oblong, clypeus on either side coarsely

punctured ; antennz with the eight lower joints obscure

fulvous, the three upper ones nigro-piceous. Thorax twice

as broad at the base as long; sides straight, slightly con-

verging from base to apex, the anterior angles thickened,

obliquely truncate; surface very minutely er ranulose,

deeply but not very closely punctured. Scutellum scarcely

broader than long, trigonate, its apex rounded. Elytra

oblong, coarsely and deeply punctate-striate, the punc-

turing on the short stria next the suture irregular;

interspaces, when seen under a lens, very finely and

remotely punctured, convex, costate near the outer margin.

Chetocnema robusta.

Late ovata, convexa, picea, nitida, pedibus antennisque

N 2

172 - Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

fulvo-piceis, his basi tarsisque fulvis ; thorace (sub lente)

obsoletissime punctato; elytris regulariter punctato-striatis,

interspatiis planis; interspatio externo paullo incrassato.

Long. 14 lin.

Hab.— Brazil.

Vertex and front smooth, impunctate, the latter

separated from the lower face by a deep groove, which

extends upwards on either side along the inner and upper

margins of the eye ; encarpe and carina obsolete; imter-

ocular spaces triangular, smooth, impunctate; antennz

more than half the length of the body, fulvous, five or six

outer joints stained with piceous; 2nd joint shorter than

the 3rd, thickened, subovate. Thorax nearly twice as

broad as long at the base; sides nearly straight, slightly

converging from base to apex, the anterior angles obtuse ;

upper surface shining, faintly but somewhat closely im-

pressed with small, shallow, oblong punctures, only visible

under a lens; basal margin bordered by a single row of

larger punctures. LElytra broader than the thorax, regu-

larly punctate-striate, interspaces impressed with very fine

punctures, plane, the one on the outer margin thickened.

Chetocnema clypeata.

Ovata, convexa, cuprea, nitida, antennis nigris, his basi,

tibiis, tarsisque fulvis, femoribus quatuor anticis piceis;

capite thoraceque granulosis, distincte subremote punc-

tatis; illo magno, clypeo fortiter et crebre punctato ;

elytris fortiter punctato-striatis.

~ Long. 1 ln.

Hab.— Para.

Head broad, trigonate; vertex and front granulose,

distinctly but not closely punctured; encarpze and carina

entirely obsolete; clypeus with its hinder apex broadly

truncate, separated from the front by a transverse groove,

which extends entirely across between the antennal cavities ;

its surface plane, coarsely and deeply punctured, clothed

with adpressed whitish hairs; labrum large, piceo-cupreous;

cheeks below the eyes coarsely punctured; antennz half

the length of the body, six lower joints fulvous, the rest

black. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides nearly

straight and parallel, anterior angles thickened, obliquely

truncate; upper surface transversely convex, subcylindrical,

subremotely punctured, the interspaces granulose-punctate.

Scutellum transverse, impunctate. Elytra broader than

new genera and species of Ilalticine. Las

the thorax ; sides obliquely converging from the middle to

the apex, the latter conjointly subacutely rounded; upper

surface strongly and regularly punctate-striate ; imter-

spaces (when seen under a deep lens) minutely granulose-

reticulate ; interspace next the suture impunctate.

Chetocnema mexicana.

Elongato-ovata, convexa, cuprea, nitida, pedibus an-

tennisque pallide fulvis, harum articulis quatuor ultimis

piceis, femoribus posticis infuscatis; thorace granuloso,

subremote punctulato; elytris sat fortiter punctato-striatis,

interstitiis leevibus.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab.—Mexico, Teapa; collected by M. Pilate.

Vertex and front finely granulose-reticulate, separated

from the eyes and lower “face by a deep groove; encarpe

and carina entirely obsolete ; interocular space smooth,

impunctate. Thorax more than one-half broader than

long; sides straight and parallel, anterior angles thickened,

obliquely truncate; above granulose-reticulate, subremotely

punctulate. Elytra broader than the thorax, ovate, acutely

rounded at the apex, regularly punctate-striate, interspaces

impunctate.

Chetocnema megalopordes.

Elongata, convexa, pallide piceo-senea, nitida, subtus

picea, pedibus antennisque fulvis, his extrorsum femori-

busque posticis pallide piceis; capite valde exserto, fortiter

punctato; thorace subcylindrico, fortiter punctato; elytris

sat profunde punctato-striatis, interspatiis ad latera et ad

apicem conyexis.

Long. 14 lin.

Hab. ” Australia, Rockhampton.

Head strongly exserted, neck cylindrical; vertex and

front convex, strongly but not closely punctured; eyes

lateral, rotundate, space between the eyes swollen ; inter-

ocular spaces coarsely punctured; carina oblong, not

extending to the anterior border of the clypeus; labrum

very broad ; 3 antenne three-fourths the length of the body,

six lower joints pale fulvous, the rest piceous. Thorax

scarcely twice as broad as long; sides distinctly margined,

slightly rounded, scarcely converging in front, hinder

angles rounded, ‘the anterior produced laterally into an

acute tooth ; above subcylindrical, strongly but not very

174 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of

closely punctured. Scutellum semirotundate. Elytra

broader than the thorax, narrowly oblong, convex, the

humeral callus thickened; surface strongly punctate-

striate; the interspaces nearly plane near the suture,

convex towards the sides and apex.

Chetocnema fuscomaculata.

Elongato-ovata, modice convexa, fulva, nitida, capite,

thorace, scutello pectoreque fuscis; thorace fortiter punc-

tato; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, Imterspatiis con-

vexiusculis, parce, tenuiter punctatis; utrisque macula

humerali alteraque vix pone medium, transversa, pallide

fuscis instructis.

Long. 14 lin.

Hab.—Western Australia; collected by Mr. Duboulay.

Head rugose-punctate ; encarpz and carina obsolete ;

antennze more than half the length of the body, four

lower joints fulvous, the rest pale fuscous. ‘Thorax more

than twice as broad as long; sides straight and parallel,

rounded and converging in front; surface transversely

convex, coarsely and rather closely punctured. Scutellum

trigonate-ovate, its apex rounded. LElytra rather broader

than the thorax, oblong-ovate, slightly flattened along the

suture, strongly punctate-striate; imterspaces convex, finely

but not closely punctured.

Chetocnema carinata.

Elongato-ovata, convexa, fusco-enea, nitida, antennis

piceis, extrorsum nigro-piceis; capite exserto, brevi,

rotundato, rugoso-punctato, clypeo brevi, medio longi-

tudinaliter carinato; thorace fortiter punctato; elytris

infra basin foveal magna, leviter impressa, instructis ;

fortiter _ punctato-striatis, Interspatiis convexiusculis, ad —

latera et ad apicem convexis.

Long. 14 lin.

Hab.—W estern Australia.

Head slightly broader than long, rotundate; vertex

and front granulose, impressed in the middle with large

scattered punctures, rugose on the sides; encarpz obso-

lete ; interocular spaces coarsely punctured; clypeus very

short, transverse, coarsely punctured on the sides; carina

linear, distinct and extending across the clypeus from base

to apex; antennz nearly two-thirds the length of the

body; labrum very broad, short, entirely concealing the

new genera and species of Halticine. 175

mandibles when viewed from above, and when the latter

are closed. ‘Thorax twice as broad as long at the base,

broader in front; sides diverging from the base to

beyond the middle, thence rounded and converging to the

apex; hinder angles slightly produced, acute, anterior ones

thickened, obtuse, somewhat recurved; upper surface

transversely convex, coarsely and deeply punctured. Scu-

tellum trigonate, its apical angle rounded. Elytra broader

than the thorax, oblong-ovate, convex, each impressed

below the basilar space with a large shallow fovea, the

humeral callus slightly thickened; surface strongly punc-

tate-striate, the interspaces slightly convex on the inner

disk, distinctly so towards the lateral margin and towards

the apex; interspace next the suture impressed with deep

punctures as large as those on the striz themselves.

Chetocnema submetallescens.

Elongato-ovalis, modice convexa, dorso paullo compla-

nata, picea, sneo-micans, pedibus (femoribus posticis

exceptis) antennarumque basi sordide flavis; thorace

sat fortiter, concinne punctato; elytris sat fortiter punctato-

striatis, interspatiis leevibus, ad latera et ad apicem sub-

costatis.

Long. 3—1 lin.

Hab.—South Australia, Gawler Town.

Head short, broad, swollen between the eyes, rather

coarsely punctured; encarpz and carina obsolete; eyes

remote; antennz more than half the length of the body,

three or four lower joints flavous, the rest more or less

stained with piceous. Thorax nearly three times as broad

as long; sides parallel, moderately rounded, the anterior

angles curved slightly outwards, acute; above transversely

convex, coarsely punctured. Scutellum transverse, tri-

gonate, its apex rounded. Elytra rather broader than the

thorax, oblong-ovate, convex, flattened along the disk,

strongly punctate-striate; striz sulcate, interspaces smooth,

subcostate on the sides and towards the apex. Hinder

tibize with the outer apex pectinate.

Chetocnema Erichsoni.

Ovata, convexa, cuprea, nitida; tibiis, tarsis antennisque

piceis, his basi fulvis; thorace fortiter punctato; elytris

sat fortiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis ad latera et ad

176 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of

apicem subcostatis, minute, subremote—interstitio primo

crebrius—punctatis.

Long. 14 lin.

Hab.—Tasmania.

Head subrotundate, rather broader than long, not

thickened between the eyes; vertex and front finely punc-

tured, subrugulose, impressed here and there with a few

deeper punctures; front separated from the interocular

spaces by a deep groove; encarpz and carina obsolete;

antenne not half the length of the body, six lower joints

fulvous, the rest piceous. Thorax twice as broad as long;

sides rounded and converging from base to apex, the

anterior angles thickened, obliquely truncate, the hinder

ones nearly rectangular, acute; upper surface strongly

punctured. Scutellum semirotundate-ovate. Elytra:

rather broader than the thorax, oblong, slightly attenu-

ated towards the apex, regularly punctate-striate, the

punctures on the short stria next the suture less regularly

placed; interspaces finely but not closely punctured, the

Ist and to a less degree the 2nd interspaces more closely

punctured.

Genus STENOPHYMA.

Corpus elongatum, angustatum, parallelum, modice

convexum. Caput exsertum, oculis magnis, prominen-

tibus, rotundato-ovatis, intus vix sinuatis; encarpis con-

tiguis; carind lineariformi, paullo elevati; antennis

corpore longioribus, filiformibus, articulo primo curvato,

non inerassato; secundo et tertio brevibus, squalibus,

quarto tribus basalibus sequali, ceteris inter se eequalibus,

singulis quarto fere equilongis. Thorax subquadratus,

longitudine vix latior, lateribus rectis; angulis posticis

acutis, anticis incrassatis, extrorsum non productis; dorso

complanato, basi transversim sulcato. Hlytra thorace

latiora, parallela, punctato-striata, limbo inflexo vix ante

apicem abbreviato. Pedes subelongati, femoribus posticis

modice incrassatis; tibéés apice spina armatis, posticis

dorso ad apicem canaliculatis; unguiculis appendiculatis.

Prosternum coxis equialtum ; acetabulis anticis apertis.

Stenophyma elegans.

_Elongata, angustata, fulva, nitida, antennis (basi ex-

new genera and species of Halticine. 177

cepta) nigro-fuscis; oculis nigris, elytris piceo-tinctis,

regulariter eDUngEate- -striatis.

‘Long. 12 lin.

Hab. eal

Head strongly exserted, smooth, impunctate; eyes very

large, prominent. Thorax scarcely broader than long;

sides straight, very slightly diverging from base to apex;

anterior angles nearly rectangular, their apices obtuse ;

basal margin truncate, oblique on either side close to the

lateral angle; the latter distinct, its apex acute; above

transversely convex, smooth and shining, transversely

impressed just in front of the basal margin with a deep

groove, which terminates abruptly on either side close to

the lateral border. Elytra broader than the thorax, nar-

rowly oblong, slightly attenuated towards the apex; above

moderately convex, flattened along the suture, strongly

punctate-striate ; interspaces plane, impunctate; surface

obscure fulvous, stained at the base, on the outer margin

(its apex excepted), and on the inner disk behind the

middle, with piceous.

Genus Loneirarsus, Latr.

Longitarsus amazonus.

Elongato-ovatus, convexus, pallide piceus, nitidus ;

elytris, ‘pedibus antennisque piceo-fulvis, harum articulis

intermediis piceis; elytris distincte sed tenuiter punc-

tulatis. :

Long. #—1 lin.

Hab.—Para. |

Head elongate-trigonate; vertex impunctate, seen under

a lens faintly striolate; encarpe oblong-ovate, oblique,

contiguous; carina linear; antennz nearly equal to the

body in length, filiform, 5th to the 8th joints piceous, the

rest pale brunneous, Thorax about one-third broader at

the base than long; sides slightly rounded, anterior angles

very obliquely truncate ; above convex, impunctate.

Elytra ovate, broader than the thorax, finely but distinctly

punctulate.

Longitarsus scutellatus.

Ovatus, convexus, flavus, nitidus; labro, scutello, femo-

rum posticorum apice antennisque (his basi exceptis)

obscure piceis; vertice, pectore, femoribus posticis basi

178 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

tarsisque fulvo-piceis; thorace levi; elytris sat crebre

fusco-punctatis.

Long. 14 lin.

Hab.—Australia; Rockhampton.

Vertex smooth, impunctate; encarpze obliquely trans-

verse, their apices nearly contiguous; carina elongate,

slightly elevated ; antennze two-thirds the length of the

body; eyes black, slightly sinuate. Thorax scarcely twice

as broad as long; sides straight, scarcely converging from

base to apex; anterior angle broadly and obliquely trun-

cate, its outer edge produced laterally into a short acute

tooth; above transversely convex, smooth and shining,

when viewed under a deep lens minutely punctured.

Scutellum trigonate, its apex obtuse. LElytra rather

broader than the thorax, oblong-ovate, convex, subni-

tidous, closely covered with small, punctiform, fuscous

spots, in the centre of each of which is a minute impres-

sion, only visible under a strong lens.

Genus Aputiona, Chevr.

Aphthona Wallacet.

Oblongo-ovata, convexa, subtus nigra, nitida, supra

viridi-metallica, minus nitida, pedibus antennisque flavis,

his extrorsum femoribusque posticis nigro-piceis.

Long. 1 lin.

Hab.—F lores; collected by Mr. Wallace.

Head trigonate; clypeus and labrum nigro-piceous ;

jaws piceous; vertex finely granulose; encarpe transverse,

well defined, contiguous; carina linear; antennz nearly

equal to the body in length, six lower joints flavous, the

rest pitchy black. ‘Thorax scarcely one half broader than

long ; sides moderately rounded, the hinder angles pro-

duced, acute, the anterior very obliquely truncate; above

convex, impressed on the middle of the disk with a shallow,

ill-defined, transverse groove, from the hinder border of

which a perpendicular, faintly impressed line extends

backwards to the hinder margin; surface minutely granu-

lose. Elytra oblong, broader than the thorax, minutely

granulose.

Genus PHYLLOTRETA, Foudr.

Phyllotreta orientalis.

Elongato-ovata, convexa, nigra, nitida; thorace crebre

punctato, rufo-piceo, pedibus antennisque fulvis, his ex-

new genera and species of Halticine. 179

trorsum, femoribus posticis, capite elytrisque nigro-piceis;

elytris oblongis, sat crebre punctatis, utrisque vitta lata,

a paullo infra basin fere ad apicem extens4, flava ornatis.

Var. A. Elytrorum vitta medio interrupta.

Long. 1 lin.

Hab.—Kurdistan.

Vertex deeply punctured; face between the eyes with a

transverse rufo-piceous patch ; encarpze subovate, oblique,

contiguous; carina elevated, narrow, linear; antennz

more ~ than “half the length of the body, filiform, not

distinctly thickened towards the apex; five or six

lower joints fulvous, the rest nigro-piceous. Thorax

rather more than half as broad again as long; sides

straight and parallel, rounded and converging from the

middle to the apex, anterior angles thickened, obtuse ;

upper surface closely punctured, the interspaces between

the punctures very finely granulose. LElytra broader than

the thorax, oblong, their apices obtuse, not entirely cover-

ing the apex of the abdomen, the sutural angles rounded ;

surface closely punctured, the interspaces shining, im-

punctate; each elytron with a flavous vitta, covering nearly ©

the whole surface, but placed closer to the lateral : margin

than to the suture. Apex of pygidium acute.

Phyllotreta Cumingii.

Elongata, convexa, nigra, nitida, elytris flavis, anguste

nigro-limbatis, tibiis posterioribus basi tarsisque piceis.

Long. 1 lin.

Hab.— Manilla.

Head trigonate, moderately exserted; vertex distinctly

but not closely punctured; face raised between the insertion

of the antennz; encarpz large, trigonate, contiguous;

carina linear, anteriorly bifurcate; antennz rather more

than half the length of the body, slightly thickened towards

the apex, three lower joints obscure piceous, the rest black;

second, third and fourth nearly equal in length. Thorax

nearly twice as broad as long; sides slightly converging

from base to apex, slightly rounded, anterior angles

broadly and obliquely truncate, the hinder ones obtuse ;

upper surface transversely convex, coarsely but not very

closely punctured. Scutellum semiovate. LElytra broader

than the thorax, oblong-ovate, convex, coarsely punctured,

180 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of

Genus SPHEZRODERMA, Stephens.

Spheroderma ornata.

Ovato-rotundata, convexa, picea, nitida, fmnpslone.

capite thoraceque piceo-fulvis, hoc levi, basi infuscato ;

oculis antennisque (his basi fulva ar ticuloque ultimo albido

exceptis) nigris; elytris tenuissime punctatis, utrisque

maculis duabus, una basali transversa, altera apicali ovata,

flavis ornatis.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab.—Cambodia.

Vertex smooth, impunctate ; encarpz well defined, con-

tiguous, subrotundate ; cara obsolete; antenns two-

thirds the length of the body, four lower joints obscure

fulvous, the rest black. Thorax nearly three times as

broad as long: sides rounded, scarcely converging at. the

apex, the anterior angle broadly obtuse, thickened, hinder

angle nearly rectangular; basal margin oblique and faintly

‘sinuate on either side the middle, the latter obtusely

rounded. Scutellum trigonate. LElytra broadly ovate,

convex, very finely punctured; each with two large fulvous

patches, the first transverse, basal, occupying the upper

fourth of the elytron, but not touching either the base

itself or the external or lateral margins, the other oblong-

ovate, perpendicular, apical, but separated from the apical

margin by a narrew piccous line.

Spheroderma apicipennis.

Rotundato-ovata, valde convexa, picea, nitida, capite

thoraceque obscure rufis, labro antennisque nigris, his basi

rufo-fulvis ; elytris substriatim punctatis, nigris, apice rufis.

Long. 1} lin.

HHab.— Borneo.

Head short, trigonate, vertex smooth, impunctate;

encarpe subquadrangular, slightly oblique, their apices

contiguous ; carina slightly raised, its apex acute, extend-

ing upwards between the encarpz nearly to their whole

length; antenne two-thirds the length of the body, robust,

slightly but distinctly thickened towards the apex, five

lower joints pale rufo-testaceous, the rest black ; eyes large,

rotundate-ovate. Thorax nearly three times as broad as

long at the base, basal margin oblique and bisinuate on

either side, the medial lobe slightly produced, cbtusely

new genera and species of Halticine. 181

rounded ; sides margined, obliquely converging and

slightly rounded from base to apex, the apical angles

slightly thickened, broadly rounded ; above convex, finely

but not closely punctured. Scutellum trigonate, as broad

as long. Elytra much broader at the base than the thorax,

the shoulders broadly rounded; sides rounded and con-

verging from before the middle to the apex ; above convex,

surface more strongly punctured than the thorax, the

puncturing on the inner disk indistinctly arranged in

longitudinal striz, the strize more regular on the outer

disk ; shining black, the extreme apex rufous.

Genus Arcorus, Fischer.

Argopus Fortunei.

Rotundata, valde convexa, fulva, nitida, pectore tarsisque

piceo-tinctis ; antennis, basi excepté, nigris; thorace

tenuiter sed distincte punctato ; elytris subseriatim punc-

tatis, utrisque plaga magna discoidali flava ornatis.

Long. 2+ lin.

Hab.—Northern China.

Head short, trigonate; encarpz transverse, oblong-

quadrate, contiguous at their apices; carina narrowly

oblong, raised, its apex acute ; clypeus rugose, its apex

slightly but distinctly emarginate ; antennz three-fourths

the length of the body, two lower joints fulvous, the rest

black; second and third joints short, equal. Thorax

rather more than twice as broad as long ; sides rounded

and converging from base to apex; anterior angle thickened,

broadly and obtusely truncate ; basal margin oblique and

slightly bisinuate on either side ; upper surface distinctly

but not closely punctured. Scutellum narrowly trigonate.

Elytra much more strongly punctured than the thorax,

the punctures arranged in irregular longitudinal strie,

interspaces minutely punctured ; each elytron with a large

flavous patch covering the whole of the disk, leaving

a broad fulvous limb.

Genus STEGNASPEA.

Corpus ovatum, valde convexum. Caput in tho-

racem insertum, facie perpendiculari; antennis 11-articu-

latis; carina et enearpis distinctis. Thorax transversim

182 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

convexum, antice subcylindricum. Scutellum nullum.

Elytra punctato-striata. Pedes modice robusti ; femoribus

posticis validis; ¢¢bi/s quatuor anticis apice muticis;

posticis dorso canaliculatis, apice spina valida armatis;

tarsorum posticorum articulo basaliad tibize apicem inserto ;

unguiculis appendiculatis. Prosternum oblongum, coxis

anticis equialtum; acetabulis anticis apertis. Mesosternum

occultum. Metasternum breve, apice ad prosternum

producto.

The absence of a scutellum will separate Stegnaspea

from all known genera of Halticing; in other characters it

closely agrees with Apteropoda and allied forms.

Stegnaspea Trimeni.

Ovata, antice et postice attenuata, convexa, piceo-

cuprea, nitida, subtus picea, pedibus (femoribus posticis

exceptis) antennisque piceo-fulvis, his apice infuscatis ;

thorace tenuiter, subcrebre punctato; elytris punctato-

striatis, interspatiis remote, tenuissime punctatis.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab. ane of Good Hope.

Head trigonate; encarpz linear, obliquely transverse,

contiguous; carina narrow, elongate; antennze about half

the length of the body, obscure fulvous, five outer joints

stained with fuscous; second, third and fourth equal in

length. Thorax more than twice as broad as long; sides

rounded and converging from base to apex, nearly

parallel at the extreme base, anterior angles thickened,

obtuse, hinder ones acute; basal margin sinuate on either

side close to the outer edge, its medial portion trans-

versely truncate; above convex, faintly granulose-reticu-

late, distinctly but finely punctured, the punctures oblong.

Scutellum obsolete. Elytra broadly ovate, attenuated —

towards the apex; above convex, regularly punctate-striate ;

interspaces plane, remotely and very finely punctured.

Breast and basal segment of abdomen strongly punctured.

Genus Diso.uiA, Latr.

Dibolia Duboulayt.

Anguste oblongo-ovata, convexa, supra cuprea, nitida,

antennis fulvis, apice nigris ; subtus fulva, femoribus pos-

new genera and species of Halticine. 183

ticis apice nigro-piceis; thorace transversim strigoso;

elytris crebre tenuiter punctatis, pone medium sulcis

longitudinalibus nonnullis obsoletis impressis; interstitiis

hic illic leviter rugoso-reticulatis.

Long. 13 lin.

Hab.—Western Australia, Nichol’s Bay.

Eyes large, subreniform, their apices nearly contiguous;

encarpze small, well defined, subrotundate-ovate, conti-

guous; carina obsolete; antenne nearly half the length

of the body, three outer joints black, the rest fulvous.

Thorax more than three times as broad at the base as

long ; basal margin faintly bisinuate on either side; lateral

margin converging and slightly rounded from base to

apex, the hinder angles produced backwards, acute, the

anterior obtuse ; upper surface transversely convex, rather

closely covered with short transverse impressed strige,

separated on the medial line by a row of perpen-

dicular strigze, which obliquely diverge on either side

and gradually merge into the transverse grooves; surface

close to the lateral border finely punctured. Scutellum

smooth, trigonate. Elytra broader than the thorax,

oblong, convex, impressed on the hinder disk with a few

faint but broad longitudinal strigze ; surface closely punc-

tured, interspaces here and there finely rugose-reticulate.

Genus PsyLLIopEs, Latr.

Psylliodes Chapuisii.

Elongato-ovata, postice attenuata, convexa, nitida, supra

metallico-czerulea, subtus picea; pedibus obscure fulvis,

seepe piceo-tinctis; antennis pallide fulvis, extrorsum

nigris; thorace sat fortiter punctato; elytris fortiter

punctato-striatis, interspatiis leviter convexiusculis, ad

latera convexis.

Long. 13—2 lin.

Hab.—Tringanee.

Vertex and front thickened, the former nearly smooth,

impunctate, the latter impressed immediately above its

bilobate lower margin with a large deep fovea; lower part

of face obscure piceous, with a faint metallic reflexion; en-

carpz obsolete; carinz obcuneate; antenne half the

length of the body, five lower joints fulvous, the rest black;

second joint slender, rather larger than the basal one,

184 Mr. J.S. Baly’s descriptions of Halticine.

Thorax nearly twice as broad at the base as long; sides

straight, converging from base to apex; anterior angle

broadly and obliquely truncate, the outer angle of the

truncation produced laterally into a short acute tooth ;

basal margin oblique and slightly sinuate on either side,

the medial portion obtusely rounded ; upper surface trans-

versely convex, coarsely and deeply, but not very closely

punctured. Elytra oblong, attenuated towards the apex,

broader than the thorax, strongly punctate-striate, the

striz slightly sulcate ; interspaces remotely impressed with

fine punctures. Apex of outer border of hinder tibia

denticulate, the denticulations very short, irregular.

€ 7185: *)

XI. Notes upon a Strepsipterous insect parasitic on an

exotic species uf Homoptera. By J.O.We£sTWwoon,

M.A., F.L.S., Pres. Ent. Soc., &c.

[Read 4th April, 1877.]

In the “ Proceedings” of our Society on the 6th of May,

1867 (Ser. III. vol. v. p. Ixxxviii), I recorded the fact

that I had observed what I regarded as the head of a

Strepsipterous insect protruding from the body of a

Homopterous insect, captured by Mr. Wallace; and in

the admirable memoir of Sir Sidney 8. Saunders, on the

Stylopide, in our “ Transactions,” 1872, p. 48, the stall

undescribed parasite is shortly alluded to as forming a

separate ‘ Division B’ in the group, termed Homopterobie.

After a second interval of five years, I now beg leave to

offer to the Society a short description and figures of this

parasite, so far as can be shown by an undissected spe-

cimen, the insect itself on which it is parasitic (Hpora

subtilis, Wlk.,* from Sarawak, Borneo) being, I believe,

still known only in our collections by the two specimens

(male and female) described by Mr. Walker, and which,

being in a dried condition, cannot be subjected to a

satisfactory internal examination as to the size and extent

occupied by the body of the parasite, the head only of

which is exserted in the specimen of the female Epora.

It is curious to speculate on the modus vivendi of a

parasite, like a Stylops, in the body of a constantly active

Homopterous insect, all the other known species being

parasites upon Hymenopterous insects having a quiescent

pupa.

A comparison of the figures of the exserted head of

this parasite with those published by Von Siebold, Beitr.

z. Naturg. Wirb. Thiere, tab. iii. figs. 65, 66, of the head

of the pupa of Xenos sphecidarum; and by myself in

Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. i. N. S., pl. 8, figs. 2a—2z, of

the pupa of Hylechthrus Rubi, and vol. ii. N. S., plates

15 and 16, with details of the head of the pupa of Xenos

Heydenii, especially figs. 11, 12, 13 and 14, must, I

* Walker, in Proc. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) vol. i. p. 145, pl. 7, fig. 3, 20th

Jan. 1857.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART UI. (OCT.) )

186 Prof. J. O. Westwood’s Notes upon a

think, be sufficient to carry a conviction that, although

there are some differences noticeable between the general

structure of the heads of the pupa of this new parasite and

of the older known species, we have here a true Strepsip-

terous parasite, but probably one forming the type of a

distinct genus, as might, in fact, be reasonably inferred;

and that we cannot regard this new parasite as the pupa of

a Dipterous insect, which is, indeed, the only other group

to which it might be referred, the hard corneous texture

of the head preventing us from referring it to the imma-

ture state of any of the parasitic Hymenoptera.

I am inclined to suppose, with reference to the position of

the parasitic insect between the dorsal segments of the abdo-

men of the Epora, that the present lower surface of the

parasite applied to the dorsum of the abdominal segments of

the E’pora is in fact the ventral surface of the parasite, and

that (supposing the latter to produce a winged male ) the par-

asitic imago would, on the scaling off of the cephalotheca,

creep out belly downwards upon the terminal portion of

abdomen of the Hpora. This supposition gives, of course,

a clue to the true signification of the different parts of the

anterior portion of the head-case, which I have endeavoured

carefully to delineate in figures 4, 5 and 6, as seen in

different positions. These parts are in nowise detached

from each other, and are simply indicated by depressions,

which give a different idea of their structure when seen in

different positions with the light falling differently on them.

The eye-covers appear at the sides of the head, of large

size and somewhat lunate form; between them are two

somewhat rounded spaces, partially covered with minute

granules, between which is a transverse impression which

may indicate the suture between the upper and lower

lips; there are also two small transverse pieces, which,

I suppose, represent the mandibles, followed by two

small swollen spaces, which may indicate the maxille. A

precise idea of the real structure of these parts can only

be obtained by the actual dissection and examination of

more specimens, enabling us to investigate the internal

structure of the head-case, as was done by Sir 8. Saunders

and myself in some of the other species represented in the

figures in our ‘ Transactions” above referred to.

Although unable to give a scientific diagnosis of this

new parasite it may be useful to suggest a name for it,

which, in reference to its habits, may be called Colacina

insidvator.

Strepsipterous insect parasitic on Homoptera. 187

EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES.

PLATE IV. (Division A.)

. Lpora subtilis, magnified.

. Dorsal view of the extremity of the abdomen of the same, showing

the parasite in sitn.

. Lateral view of the same.

4, Head of the parasite, seen from the extremity of the abdomen of

the Hpora.

5. Head of the parasite, seen from below and behind.

. Head of the parasite, seen more obliquely from above.

Grigor)

XII. Notes on the genus Prosopistoma of Latrei/le. By

J. O. WeEstwoop, M.A., F.L.S., Pres. Ent.

Soc., &c.

[Read 4th April, 1877. ]

GEOFFROY, the historian of the insects of the environs

of Paris (v. 2, 17, p. 660, pl. 21, fig. 3), first made us

acquainted with a small aquatic insect, under the name of

** Le Binocle a queue en plumet,” which he placed amongst

the Apterous genera, and which subsequently received the

names of Binoculus pennigerus, Latreille, and Binocle

pisciforme, Dumeril. The insect must evidently be of

great rarity, as no Entomologist appears, until recently,

to have met with it except its original describer, and its

minute organization was not sufficiently described to allow

of all its relations being discovered. In the same genus

Binocle, Geoffroy introduced also the Apus caneriformis

and the Argulus foliaceus.

In 1833 Latreille, however, recalled attention to this

almost unknown animal in a memoir which he published

in the “Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d’Histoire

Naturelle,” t. ii. p. 23, entitled “ Description d’un nouveau

genre de Crustacés,” established on an insect which he had

found in a box of Madagascar Coleoptera, having much

the appearance of a Gyrinus, and which he did not

hesitate to regard as congeneric with Geoffroy’s Binoculus.

The Madagascar specimens were unfortunately in a more

or less mutilated condition; and after a comparison of their

structure (with such details as had been given by Geoffroy),

and that of such genera as Apus, Limulus, &c., Latreille

came to the conclusion that the insects in question could

not be arranged with any known Entomostracous or

Branchiopodous group, and that, “de tous les Ento-

mostracés ou Branchiopodes, la coupe qui doit les com-

prendre est, par la composition de la téte, offrant deux

antennes, deux yeux a réseau, quatre appendices maxil-

laires, représentant les mandibules et les machoires et une

lame mentonni¢re, ainsi que par le nombre et la forme des

pattes, la plus rapprochée des insectes proprement dits.”

Although the Madagascar specimens exhibited no terminal

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART II. (OCT.)

190 Prof. J. O. Westwood’s Notes on the genus

filaments, Latreille added in his characters of the genus

(to which he gave the name of Prosopistoma): ** Abdomen

en forme de petite queue, composé de quatre segments,

dont le dernier applati, presque semi-circulaire, portant des

Jjilets barbus branchiaux et rétractiles,” on the authority

of Geoffroy’s original description, and which, his young

friend Audouin had affirmed, existed in the Madagascar

insect, *‘retirés” within the terminal segment of the body.

Tl] est probable,” adds Latreille, “‘ que ces organes servent

a la natation et ala respiration et font l’office des branchies;

car Geoffroy a observé que lespéce, par lui décrite, agite

précipitamment la queue: ces Crustacés n’ont d’ailleurs

aucun autre appendice que l’on puisse regarder comme

propre a cette derniére fonction.”

Latreille terminates his observations on his new genus

with the remark, ‘‘Ce genre semble devoir former a lui

seul une famille particuliére, terminant la division des

Crustacés dentés ou munis de machoires. Cependant,

jusqu’a ce que de nouvelles recherches nous aient parfaite-

ment dévoilé Porganisation buccale, et que nous soyons

assurés qu'il n’existe point de siphon, nous suspendrons

notre jugement.” Lastly, Latreille gave the specific name

of Pr. variegatum to the Madagascar insect, and that of

Pr. punctifrons to Geoftroy’s French species,

In 1872, appeared in the Annales des Sciences Natu-

relles, 5 Ser., Zool., t. xvi. Art. 7, a memoir by Messrs.

N. & E. Joly, entitled, ‘‘ Etudes sur le prétendu Crustacé,

au sujet duquel Latreille a erée le genre Prosopistoma,

et qui n’est autre chose qu’un véritable insecte hexapode;”

“un véritable msecte, encore incomplétement développé,

encore dans cet état que les naturalistes Anglais designent

sous la denomination heureuse, mais un peu élastique, de

‘an immature condition,’ une larve aquatique d’Ephémé-

rine.”

This unexpected conclusion was arrived at by these

authors in consequence of one of them having rediscovered

it in September, 1868, in the basin of the Garonne, near

the Island of Grands Ramiers, and thus being able to

make a complete examination of the more important

internal organs of the creature than could be obtained

from dried individuals or from the incomplete description

of Geoffroy.

The most important of the structures observed by these

authors is the discovery of a tracheal system of respiration,

announced as follows: ‘ S’il pouvait rester encore quelques

Prosopistoma of Latreille. 191

doutes sur la vraie nature du prétendu Crustacé de Geof-

froy, de Dumeril, et de Latreille, tous ces doutes seraient

dissipés 4 la fois par la seule présence des trachées qu’on

observe chez lui. Or, des dissections minutieuses et que

nous croyons exemptes d’erreur, nous ont appris qui

existe sous la carapace, a la partie latérale des cing pre-

miers segments abdominaux de notre animal, cinq paires

de fausses branchies trés-analogues a celles de plusieurs

larves d’Ephémérines, et notamment du genre Ceenis.”

An elaborate plate of details accompanies this memoir,

from which the figures in Plate V. are copied, and which

are here introduced in order to allow comparison with them

of the various details observed by myself in examining

Latreille’s existing types of his Madagascar species, which

I had the pleasure to find and obtain, in one of my visits

to Paris, in the wreck of his collection of the minute

Crustacea and other Linnean apterous insects.

M. E. Joly has published several other papers on the

insect of Geoffroy, in the Mémoires de la Société des

Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg, 1871, t. xvi.; also,

** Nouvelles recherches tendant a établir que le prétendu

Crustacé, décrit par Latreille sous le nom de Prosopis-

toma, est un véritable insecte de la tribu des Ephémé-

rines,” published in the Revue des Sciences Naturelles

(of Montpellier), tome iv. Juin, 1875;* also an article

** Sur le Prosopistoma,” in the Feuille des Jeunes Natu-

ralistes, ler Mars, 1876, Sixiéme Année, No. 65; and

“Notes sur les caractéres d’un larve dinsectes de la

famille des Ephémérines” (Rey. Soc. Sav. (2)i1.). This

larva, found near Toulouse, possesses respiratory organs

protected by two trapezoidal lamellae, and is doubtingly

referred to the genus Cenis.

The figures of Pr rosopistoma punctifrons and its details,

which M. E. J oly has given in the Annales des Sciences

Naturelles (5 Ser. Tiool., tom. xvi. pl. 13), disagree in many

important particulars from the examination which I have

been able to make of a specimen of that species sent by

M. Joly himself to Mr. MacLachlan, and which I find

* In this memoir, Messrs. Joly have endeavoured to prove the correct-

ness of their opinion as to the Ephemerideous nature of these creatures, by

the discovery of the singular New Zealand Ephemerideous Oniscigaster

Wakefieldi of MacLachlan (11. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 145), and the pupa of

Baetisca obesa of Say, figured and described by Walsh.

192. Prof. J. O. Westwood’s Notes on the genus

to agree almost entirely with the Madagascar specimens of

Latreille.

The semicircular head in the animal itself exhibits in

front of its upper surface a distinct transverse upper lip,

and on its under surface a decidedly marked triangular

space, the former corresponding in position with the upper

lip, and the latter evidently representing an under lip

or mentum—of neither of these parts is there any trace in

M. Joly’s figure.* The antenne are extremely small and

scarcely extend beyond the impressed spaces in which

they are inserted. With the exception of the triangular

space above noticed the under surface of the head is flat

and entire, exhibiting no trace (in all the specimens of

both species) of any of the mouth organs or mask spoken

of by Latreille and Joly, the latter of whom represents the

trophi as, apparently, partially visible through the flat

under-covering of the head. The ocelli represented by

M. Joly appear to me to be very questionable. Between

the antennal impressions are two minute punctures placed

tzansversely, and behind them a small central tubercle. In

P. variegatum there is a very slender, waved, raised line

in front of the eyes, like a pair of tubercles, within which

this line is directed nearer to the hind margin of the head,

having between it and the margin two small dark dots,

which have been regarded as the posterior ocelli by

M. Joly. The large entire carapace, convex and longi-

tudinally ridged above and fiat beneath, entirely recalls to

mind the shell of a tortoise. The sternum is clearly

divisible by slight impressions into three parts,f the an-

terior (prosternum) being more distinct than the others

and considerably longer and more distict than is repre-

sented by M. Joly. The mesosternum terminates between

the base of the middle legs, and the metasternum seems

formed of four pieces, the first terminating transversely

between the third pair of legs, whilst the other three

divisions form the triangular space extending to a point as

far back as the extremity of the posterior femora. Here

there is a distinct transverse articulation forming a joint,

considerably narrower than the hind part of the ¢ carapace,

obliquely truncate on each side. This articulation is the

part represented in M. Joly’s figure 3, as C 5, but which

* Both these structures are, however, indicated in M. Joly’s more recent

figures.

+ None of these divisions are indicated in M. Joly’s recent figures.

Prosopistoma of Latreille. 193

he has misdrawn by making its posterior lateral angles

extend outwards. ‘The preceding space on each side of

the pointed metasternum is regarded by M. Joly in all

his articles as abdominal, and is actually lettered C 1,

C 2, C 3, and C 4, as so many abdominal segments,

respecting which I can only observe that in both spe-

cies I have failed to see any trace of articulation except

that between C 4 and C 5, as above mentioned. M. Joly

further represents, in the middle of the hind margin of

his C 5, a small tongue-like piece, which he describes

as “‘les deux valves a travers orifice desquelles s’échappe

Peau qui a baigné les fausses branchies.” I have seen

nothing of these valves. The terminal part of the body

in all the specimens before me consists of three segments,

the first and second of which are very short, with the

lateral posterior angles produced to a point, and the

third is large, with the anterior and lateral margins raised

with a sharp edge, giving the appearance of a_ basal

division, which M. Joly has enlarged into a distinct

segment, making the merely rounded and slightly con-

cave portion of the segment quite distinct from the other

part, with its posterior edge scalloped,* and with a circu-

lar opening in the centre, which he terms the ‘‘ ouver-

ture anal.” In all my specimens the hinder margin is

entire and sharp, and the upper surface without any

aperture.

In none of my specimens is there to be seen any trace

of the three anal filaments which M. Joly represents as

nearly the third of the length of the entire body.

The want of sufficient materials has prevented me from

instituting an examination of the structure of the mouth

organs or of the respiratory apparatus as figured by

M. E. Joly. j

He represents the labrum as transverse and ciliated,

with the anterior lateral angles rounded off, and the middle

of the fore margin slightly produced (his fig. 5); the man-

dibles (fig. 7) and maxillee (fig. 8) as elongated, terminating

in several sharp teeth (the maxille having an extra and

stronger bifid tooth), below which are a few strong curved

bristles, and the lower lip (fig. 6) as emarginated at the

sides, and rounded in front with two small palpi, having

* In his more recent figures, M. Joly has represented the extremity of

his 4th abdominal segment as truncate, with three ridges produced by the

bases of the three anal filaments.

194 Prof. J. O. Westwood’s Notes, &c.

a very short basal and a longer elongate-ovate terminal

joint. The antenne are represented (his fig. 14) as

4-jointed and cylindrical, the joints gradually shortening

to the tips.

My object in the preceding observations has been to

describe the precise structure of the singular creatures

under examination. I by no means wish to disparage, in

the slightest degree, the value of the admirable deduc-

tion which Messrs. Joly have arrived at as to the insect-

nature of Prosopistoma, founded on the examination of

recent specimens. Further, with the example of my

Branchiotoma Spongille (now ascertained to be the larva

of one of the Hemerobiide) before us, we need scarcely be

surprised if Prosopistoma should prove to be the larva of

an Kphemerideous fly. Its whole character is, however,

so anomalous and unlike that of any other Ephemerideous

larva, that direct observation alone of its transformations

will be required to confirm the opinions of Messrs. Joly.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

PLATE IV. (Division B.)

1. Prosopistoma variegatum, magnified ; seen from above.

2. The same, ventral surface.

Fig. 3. One of the six legs of ditto.

4, One of the maxille terminating in a group of four strong curved

bristles, with a single one detached. ‘The long basal piece on

the right side of the figure may possibly be extraneous.

Fig. 5. Extremity of the body of P. punctifrons. (From M. Joly.)

PLATE V.

( Copied from the figures published by Messrs. Joly.)

Fig. 1. Prosopistoma punctifrons, magnified. From “ Annales des Sci.

Nat. Zool.,”’ Ser. V., Zool., vol. xvi., pl. 13, shewing, a, the trophi,

m, the ‘lévre inférieure’ or ‘espéce de masque,’ and 1,2, 3, 4, 5,

the first five segments of the abdomen,

Fig. 2. Underside of the head.

Fig. 3. The labrum.

Fig. 4. One of the mandibles,

Fig. 5. One of the maxille.

Fig. 6. The labium with its palpi.

Fig. 7. One of the antenne.

Fig. 8. Portion of the tracheo-branchial apparatus.

Fig. 9. The two valves of the posterior margin of the carapace, shewing

the minute carmine molecules which escaped with the water used

in respiration.

Fig. 10. The corrected figure of the same animal (from the “ Feuille des

Jeunes Naturalistes,” Ist March, 1876); seen from above.

Fig. 11. The same (from ditto); seen from below.

Fig. 12. The terminal segments of the body; seen from above. (From

the “ Annales des Sci. Nat.’’)

XIII. On the Adult Larve of the Stylopide and their

Puparia. By Sir Srpney SMirH SAUNDERS,

C.M.G. With Remarks and Figures, by Pro-

fessor WrEstwoop, M.A., &c., Pres. Ent. Soc.

[Read 2nd May, 1877.]

Tue President having called attention to the position

of the adult larvee of Stylopide, preparatory to their

ultimate metamor phoses, as indicated by the head-caps of

their puparia, in connexion with the remarkable Homop-

terous parasite of this family, described in his memoir

read at our last meeting, I have brought for imspection

two puparia of Stylops (from Hampstead), with their

head-caps re-attached in situ, and several other head-caps

of like origin, some having the anterior segments of the

puparia still connected therewith; shewing ‘that, contrary

to the position in which the imago Sty rylops emerges, the

adult larvee, like those of Xenos ‘and its allies, are accus-

tomed to penetrate between the abdominal segments in a

reversed position, with the ventral region uppermost.

It is well known that all the females of this family

occupy the same relative position inter se, when protruded

from the abdominal segments of the Hymenopterous in-

sects upon which they have subsisted; the convex region

of the cephalothorax, outwardly exhibited, being regarded

by Siebold as the ventral, and the concave as the dorsal

region;* whereas in some genera the males are accus-

tomed to emerge in the imago-form with their feet

directed towards the abdomen of their foster-parents, and

in others reversed, as figured by Professor Westwood in

our Transactions (Vol. 2, Ness phil .tiessl,.2)):

But although the true St ylops, and others reared within

the soft-bodied Mellifera, effect their exit from the pupa-

rium in what we may term a natural position, with their

feet towards the abdomen of the bee, yet, by a careful

examination of these puparia it will be observed that traces

of the leg-sockets of the primal larva-form are perceptible

* Wiegmann’s “ Archiv. fiir Naturgeschiete,” 1843, pp. 149, 150,

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.

PART III. (OCT.)

196 Sir S. S. Saunders on the adult larve

on the upper or outer region of the thoracical tegument,

as in those of the Xenides and their allies (loc. cit. pl. 15,

fig. 5); the adult larvee being reversed in all alike. This

position the active pseudo-pupa, like that of Sitaris (as

described by Fabre in Ann. Sc. Nat., 4° Série, Zool.,

Tome VII. 1857, p. 341), is enabled to change on first

detaching itself from the corneous puparium, when the less

constricted segments of the Mellifera, and the consequent

rotundity retained by the puparia, offer no obstruction

thereto; the true pupe themselves having subsequently

ceased to move, and exhibiting the same position as in the

imago-stage.

If the anterior seements of the puparium of a Stylops

be longitudinally divided from below by a delicate in-

cision, and laid open, the upper or outer unsevered region

exhibits on each of the three thoracical segments a pair of

transparent circlets, occupying the position of the original

larval lees (f); the first four somewhat approximated on

their narrow segments; the other two more remote and

wider apart, near the base of the metathorax, in a direct

line with the former. The same occurs in Hylechthrus.

(Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., Ser. I., pl. 8, fig. 12).

On either side of the two anterior pairs of podal circlets

aforesaid (f1, £2), are two polished spaces (a and y), nearly

in alignment therewith; but the first segment following

the head being considerably narrower on either side, these

polished spaces are properly ascribable to the mesothoracie

and metathoracic regions, corresponding in position with

the elytra and wings of the imago.

Immediately beyond these, occupying a lateral position

on either side, in proximity to the second and larger

pair of polished spaces (y), is a well-defined bulging ~

corneous infundibuliform process (z), emanating from a

speckled circular plate near the anterior margin of the

metathorax, and emitting a long and slender tube which

extends backwards to the metasternum. These tubes

would seem to perform the function of spiracles in the

adult larval stage; the speckled plate covering the orifice .

being apparently the metapnystega of Kirby and Spence.

On the opposite region between these spiracles the

intervening space is destitute of any trace of functional

organization.

Hence it follows that in the head-caps (thus reversed in

situ) the palpi of the imago Stylops are represented by

two glossy circular discs (a) near the posterior margin on

of the Stylopide and their puparia. 197

the outer or upper region, each furnished with a minute

central dot; in front of which are two projecting auricles (0),

situated on either side of the labrum (e), having an inter-

vening transparent space (the original larval mouth) ;

followed by a longitudinal central elevation terminating

in an abrupt notched declivity (the frontal region ?) (d);

all these being encompassed by an oblique facial belt,

commencing below the notch and extending backwards on

either side to the posterior margin of the head-cap above.

Beyond the notch, and outside this belt, are two other

circular glossy discs(c), somewhat larger and farther

apart than the first-mentioned pair, having in like manner

a central dot, apparently indicating the position of the

antenne in the imago, whose eye-shades, more or less

studded with faint traces of the detachment of the facets,

are conspicuous on either side of the head-cap.

As regards the parasite nurtured by the Epora, the

female of this Stylopite would necessarily assume the same

position as others when perforating between the abdominal

segments; and it would seem reasonable to infer that the

adult-larva of the male should in like manner correspond

therewith, as witnessed in other instances, the analogies

in the head-cap bemg thus presumably reversed as com-

pared with the imago.

Oxford, 5th June, 1877.

My dear Sir Sidney,—Herewith I return your paper

on the larvze and puparia of the Stylopide, with a set of |

drawings which I have made from your preparations, in

order to illustrate your observations.

These drawings (Plate VI.) represent—

Fig. 1, The adult male Stylops within the puparium, which exhibits the

two prominent auricles (2) and the nasus-like front of the

head-case (@).

Fig. 2. The full-grown larva of the male Sty/ops in situ, with the terminal

segments of the Andrena within which it has been reared.

This figure shews that the very convex portion of the surface of

the head of the larva is in contact below with the dorsal portion

of the abdominal segment of the Andzena; it also shews the

projecting auricles (/)), the nasal prominence or notched de-

clivity (zd), and one of each of the two pairs of ocelli-like

dises (a and ec); together with three of the six (podal)

circlets (f1, £2, £3) upon what is here the dorsal surface of the

segments following the head; also two of the oval polished

spaces below the aforesaid (a and y); and one of the lateral

spiracles (Z).

198 Prof. Westwood on the adult larve

Fig. 3. The head-case of the full-grown larva, with part of the succeeding —

segment seen from above, but looking rather obliquely forwards,

shewing the transverse lip (e); the two projecting auricles (0);

two of the circular discs (a); and one of the pairs of spaces

behind the head (/ 1).

Fig. 4. Shews the head-case of the larva seen sideways, shewing the more

convex surface (g), which lies upon the dorsal surface of the

abdominal segment of the Andrena.

Figs. 5, 6 and 7. Shew the head-case of the larva of the Stylops seen in

different positions with the auricles and other organs lettered

alike throughout the different figures.

Fig. 8. Mandible of Hylechthrus rubi.

Fig. 9. Extremity of palpus of ditto, with the terminal part of the last

joint folded back.

Fig. 10. Antenna of ditto, with the terminal portion of the first branched

joint broken off.

REFERENCE TO LETTERING.

a—eé 50 oe -- Head-parts.

Ny Ae} as BO -- Podal analogues,

b) 5

Goo 00 D6 -- Dorsal region.

wandy .. es -. Alary analogues.

B00 +e S6 -. Spiracle.

If we regard the upper series of circlets in the seg-

ments behind the head of the larva of Stylops seen in

fig. 2 (f1, f2, £3), as representing the legs of the imago

in a very rudimentary state, and the two polished spaces

below (2 and y) as corresponding with the elytra and

wings, it will be evident that the immature imago seen

in fig. 1, with the legs downwards, must have turned

itself half over so as to bring its dorsum opposite to

where the leg-rudiments had previously been, since the

projecting auricles and other organs of the head retain

the same relative position in both figs. 1 and 2.

Thus the larva represented in fig. 2 must have

protruded its head through the connecting tegument of

the abdominal segments of the Andrena with its dorsum

downwards; and hence we are further led to consider

that the more convex portion of the head of the larva of

Stylops (fig. 4, g) 1s in reality the dorsal region, and

that the male Stylops imago would have emerged from

_the puparium with the legs upwards and back downwards

had it not turned within at some intervening period.

I remain, yours very truly,

J. O. WEstwoop.

PostscripT.—Figs. 11 and 12 have been added, in

order to shew the arrangement of the thoracic segments

and their organs as seen in the exuvia (or larval skin) of

of the Stylopide and their puparia. 199

a male Stylops, exhibited in a very excellent preparation

quite recently made by Sir Sidney Saunders, which seems

clearly to demonstrate that the larva, when it protruded

its head (by means of the horny nasal prominence

marked d in the various figures) was lying with its back

downwards and its ventral surface upwards; whereas in

fig. 1 we see that the inclosed pupa had reversed this

position and had turned its ventral surface in the direction

where its dorsum had previously been. ‘This opinion has

originated in the idea that the parts distinguished by the

letters f1, f2 and f3, in figs. 11 and 12 are subsequently

developed into the first, second and third pairs of legs ;

that x is one of a pair of polished oval spaces which appa-

rently represent the position of the future mesothoracic

pseudhalteres; that y is one of a similar pair of spaces

where the wings or metathoracic organs of flight originate;

and that z is one of a pair of metathoracic spiracles from

which extends, within the skin of the exuvia, a slender

dark-coloured tube or trachea; and it is to this spiracle

and tube that [alluded in my “ Introduction to Mod. Class.

Insects,” i, p. 296, lines 27—32.

Ws (Os Vive

(201)

XIV. On Ceratorrhina quadrimaculata (Fabr.), and de-

scriptions of two new allied species. By H. W.

Bates, F.L.S8.

[Read 2nd May, 1877.]

Mr. F. J. Horniman has had the good fortune recently

to receive from his correspondents at the Camaroons, on

the west coast of Africa, a series of both sexes of that

beautiful and little-known Goliathide the Ceratorrhina

quadrimaculata of Fabricius and Olivier. The male

appears never to have been described, and I avail myself

of the opportunity afforded by Mr. Horniman to supply

the desideratum; adding the descriptions of two allied

species from his collection.

1. Ceratorrhina quadrimaculata, Fabr. Spec. Ins. I. 56;

Oliv. Entom. No. 6, p. 30, pl. 8, f. 73.

3. Oblongo-quadrata, paulo convexa, lete viridis,

capite rufo, elytris fulvescentibus utrinque nigro-bimacu-

latis; femoribus supra rufis, tarsis piceo-nigris; thorace

sparsim punctato, elytris tenuissime punctulatis.

Caput quadratum, supra concavum, clypei angulis acutis,

margine antico cornu brevi obtriangulari, vix furcato,

armato; occipite dentibus duobus, distantibus, porrectis.

Tibize anticz intus vix tuberculatze.

Long. 16—18 lin.

Both sexes may readily be distinguished from C. aurata,

which in general form and colour the species much re-

sembles, by the red colour of its head and its black tarsi.

The male is further distinguished from the same sex in

C. aurata by the much greater length and the different

armature of the head. The anterior lateral angles, and

the marginal horn of the clypeus, are nearly the same in

both species; the horn, of course, varying according to the

grade of development of the individual, in highly de-

veloped examples presenting five obtuse teéth on its upper

expanded edge which is rudimentarily furcate. But the

occipital horns are highly peculiay, being in the form of

stout, acute spines, sub-horizontally porrected, but some-

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART II. (O€T.) P

202 - Mr. H. W. Bates on

what curved. They are parallel, sometimes short, some-

‘ times of considerable length, and always distant from each

other. In all examples, of both sexes, the upper part of

the femora is red. The sculpture of the surface does not

differ much from that of C. awrata, and the black spots of

the elytra are always well-defined and unconnected by

vittee.

The female sent by the same correspondent has been

compared by Mr. D. G. Rutherford with the type of

Fabricius’ species, still extant in the Banksian Collection

at the British Museum, and found by him to agree per-

fectly with it.

Three ¢ and two 2 found at Mapanja, and one 2 at

Manjunga, on Camaroons Mountain.

C. Hornimani, n. sp.

Oblongo-quadrata, paulo convexa, lete viridis, capite

-rufo, elytris fulvo-viridibus utrinque oblique viridi-vittatis;

femoribus supra vix rufo-tinctis.

6. Caput ut in C. 4-maculato quadratum, concavum,

antice cornutum, at differt cornubus occipitalibus approxi-

matis.

Long. 16—18 lin.

Closely allied to C. guadrimaculata, but differing in all

its examples by the spots of the elytra being connected

by a dark-green vitta, the suture being also bordered with

the same colour. As minor differences in both sexes may

be mentioned, the nearly uniform green colour of all the

femora, and the bisinuate margin of the thorax at the part

where it is contiguous to the scutellum. The most im-

portant point of distinction, however, is in the position of

the occipital horns, or prongs, of the male; these being

close together, or median, instead of wide apart, or lateral.

Two examples from Mapanja, on the Camaroons

Mountain, and five from Manjunga.

C. Grandyi, n. sp.

C. quadrimaculate affinis, sed minor; lete pomaceo-

viridis, capite antennisque rufis (mento viridi), femoribus

anticis et intermediis supra et elytris flavo-testaceis, his

vittis duabus viridibus, una suturali altera ab callo hume-

rali usque ad callum apicalem oblique ducta.

é. Caput quadratum, medio profunde excavatum, ver-

tice dentibus duobus parallelis, approximatis; clypeo an-

Ceratorrhina quadrimaculata. 203

gulis lateralibus acutis, medio cornu suberecto obtrian-

gulari, apice fortiter concavo et unidenticulato. Tuibiz

anticee intus simplices, nec spinosee.

Long. 14 lin.

?. Caput rufo-auratum viridi-varium, clypeo medio dis-

tincte sinuato.

Long. 13 lin.

Closely allied to C. quadrimaculata and C. Hornimani.

It differs from both in the clearer tawny-yellow colour of

the elytra, and from C. Hornimani in the darker and

more clearly-defined green stripe connecting the humeral

with the apical callus. From C. quadrimuculata, the $

further differs in the central and closely-approximate

occipital horns. The thorax is finely chagreened and

distinctly punctured; the elytra are also chagreened and

punctulated. It is much more nearly allied to C. Horni-

mani than to C. guadrimaculata, but sufficiently distinct

to be recorded under a separate name.

One pair taken by Lieut. Grandy (of the Livingstone

Congo Expedition), at Bembe or San Salvador, in the

interior of Angola. Now in the collection of F. J. Hor-

niman, Esq.

( 205 )

XV. On the Food of Gaily-coloured Caterpillars. By

J. W. SLATER.

{Read 6th June, 1877. ]

THANKS to the observations of modern entomologists—

among whom may be especially mentioned Messrs.

Wallace, Bates, Belt, Jenner Weir, Butler, &c.—it is

now very generally admitted that insects whose striking

coloration is unfavourable to concealment may be ex-

pected to possess, in compensation, some especial means

of protection, whether offensive weapons, hard integu-

ments, a nauseous taste or a disagreeable odour. In some

instances, however, we see certain species avoided by what

we might consider to be their natural enemies, but we

remain unable to detect the reason. In other cases,

whilst recognizing that insects are protected by an un-

pleasant flavour or scent, we can throw very little light

upon its origin, Thus, after taking into consideration

the facts recorded by Mr. Weir and Mr. Butler in their

interesting papers to be found in the “ Transactions” of

the Society for 1869, it would be a very superfluous task

to give further confirmation of the immunity from the

attacks of birds and other insect-devourers which Abraxas

grossulariata enjoys both when mature and when in the

larval condition. Almost as useless would it be to doubt

that this immunity must depend upon an evil taste or

odour, or a combination of the two. But I am not aware

that any clue has yet been found to the origin of this

repulsive property. It seems to me that strikingly-

coloured insects, not otherwise specially protected, will be

found to feed upon poisonous plants, or upon such as,

though not poisonous, possess unpleasant, or at least very

powerful, odours or flavours. From such a diet I con-

ceive that the insects in question may receive properties

positively injurious, or at least disgusting, to their enemies,

and that a brilliant colouring may therefore here serve as

a danger signal, like the quarantine flag, warning all

comers to keep their distance.*

* See also Wallace, in Proc, Ent. Soc., March, 1867.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART UI. (OCT.)

206 Mr. J. W. Slater on the

Some striking instances of this association of a poison-

ous diet with a conspicuous coloration may be found

among the larve of the hawk-moths. Of these there are

three species—Deilephila Galiit, Nicea and Euphorbie—

which feed upon different species of Euphorbia, all con-

taining an irritant poison. The caterpillars are very

conspicuous in their coloration. Thus D. Nicea, when

young, is of a light green, with rows of black spots, those

of the two central series having each a yellow pupil.

After the fourth moulting the green turns to a vinous-red

and finally to a reddish-grey, whilst the yellow spots

become orange. Few caterpillars are better adapted to

catch the eye of every passing bird.

D. Euphorbia, the spotted elephant, is equally striking.

Its ground colour is a glossy black with a number of small

yellow dots arranged in belts. Down the back runs a

narrow bright red line, on each side of which are two rows

of large spots, yellow, white or reddish. The head, feet,

and the base of the tail-horn are of a bright red.

D. Galii, the madder-hawk, has a bronze-green ground

colour, with a yellow dorsal line, large round yellow spots

bordered with black along its sides, and a red caudal horn.

» In short, it would be difficult to point out three equally

conspicuous caterpillars in the European fauna. It may

be said that the caterpillar of the madder-hawk feeds also,

as its name implies, upon madder and bed-straw, which

are certainly not poisonous. They contain, however, a

nauseously bitter principle; and further, this caterpillar

is, of the three just mentioned, the least striking in its

appearance. It must further be remembered that these

caterpillars grow to the length of nearly three inches, and

to a proportionate thickness, and that the Euphorbiz

grow not in woods or thickets, but in open sandy plains

and at the side of field-paths where the vegetation is very

scanty. ‘Their stems are slender and their leaves narrow,

so that for caterpillars of such size and colour there is

absolutely no concealment. I once lived for two seasons

at a locality in Upper Silesia where D. Euphorbie was

exceedingly common, and during the months of July and

August I could often distinguish the caterpillars at a

distance of six or eight paces, and how they could escape

the observation of birds I cannot imagine. Hence I think

it may be safely inferred that these caterpillars are spe-

cially protected, either by an offensive odour, a bad

food of gaily-coloured Caterpillars. 207

taste, or by unwholesomeness if eaten, and that their

remarkable coloration instead of being an attraction to

birds serves as a warning. The late Mr. E. Newman,

indeed, remarks that, in the neighbourhood of Barnstaple,

the only English locality where this caterpillar is found

in numbers, it is devoured by sea-gulls and terns. This

fact, however, does not disprove the nauseousness of the

caterpillar, nor its protection against ordinary insectivo-

rous birds. Sea-gulls are by no means nice in their

tastes.

It may not be out of place to remark that a vast field

of research lies open in ascertaining the connection be-

tween the food of an animal and the odour, flavour and

physiological action of its flesh, if eaten. Insects espe-

cially, from the colouring matters, the powerful scents,

and the poisons which they elaborate, present a multitude

of unsolved questions. Investigations of this nature be-

long, indeed, rather to chemistry than to entomology, but

they would nevertheless throw much light upon a variety

of entomological topics.

But the larvee of the three hawk-moths just mentioned

are not singular in combining a conspicuous coloration

with a diet which, from a human point of view, must be

pronouffced poisonous. The king of European hawk-

moths, Chwrocampa Nerii, is another instance. The

caterpillar is green, spotted with white, the two first seg-

ments being of a lemon-yellow, whilst the third bears two

white spots surrounded with bright blue, and beyond this

with black. At the fifth segment begins on each side a

white band leading to the tail-horn, often bordered with

blue in its hinder portion, and accompanied both above

and below with an irregular number of white spots. The

oleander, its food-plant, notwithstanding the beauty of its

flowers and its exquisite perfume, is known to be poi-

sonous.

Again, the caterpillar of the privet-hawk, too well

known to need description, must be admitted to be con-

spicuous, and its food-plants, the privet and the laurel, are

both poisonous.

In contrast with the caterpillars above mentioned we

may take those of the lime- poplar- and oak-hawks, the

eyed-hawk, the large and small elephants, and the unicorn-

hawk. All these feed upon plants not poisonous, and are

accordingly less conspicuously coloured. On the other

208 Mr. J. W. Slater on the

hand, the caterpillar of the death’s-head is strikingly

coloured, and of its food-plant, the potato, we may surely

say that all parts above the soil are poisonous.

It will be at once objected that im the food of the mag-

pie- or currant-moth, conspicuous and protected as its

larva is well known to be, there is nothing poisonous.

This is perfectly true, but in the currant-bush there are,

so to speak, the raw materials for a most offensive odour.

If the shoots of a currant-bush are dried in a slow

oven, the smell produced strongly resembles that of

the urine of cats. It may not be generally known that

the juices of the magpie-caterpillar are decidedly irritat-

ing to the skin. I have been assured by Lancashire

gooseberry fanciers, who often pick the caterpillars off

their choice bushes by hand, that after this operation their

fingers were often red and painful.

I have not been able to ascertain anything definite -

concerning the caterpillars of the Heliconias, nor yet con-

cerning the plants upon which they feed. Both Mr. Bates

and Mr. Belt notice the unpleasant and enduring smell of

the insect when mature. Mr. Bates describes the cater-

pillar of a Sphinx which he found on the leaves of a tree

on the open llanos of South America. ‘ It was about four

inches in length, transversely banded with black and

yellow, and with its head, legs and tail of a bright red.

It caught the eye at the distance of many yards.” Iam

indebted to him for the information that to the best of his

remembrance the tree abounds in prussic acid.

Mention was made, in an interesting paper lately read

before this Society, of the recent spread of Danais

Archippus. The poisonous character of the Asclepiads,

upon which this insect and its allies feed, is well known,

and the caterpillars are decidedly conspicuous. That of

D. Archippus is described as whitish with yellow lines

and black transverse bands. The caterpillar of Danais

Chrysippus is of a purphish-white, ringed with black and

ellow.

The caterpillar of Thats Polyxena is yellow, spotted

with black, and with five rows of reddish-orange spines.

It feeds upon some species of Aristolochia, a tribe of

plants known for its violently purgative and vermifuge

‘properties.

It would be important to ascertain by direct experiment

in how far caterpillars feeding upon poisonous plants are

food of gaily-coloured Caterpillars. 209

rejected by birds, spiders, lizards, &. The connection

which I have provisionally ventured to assume between

conspicuous coloration and a poisonous or offensive food-

plant can scarcely be either established or refuted till we

possess a more complete knowledge of the habits of many

species of Lepidoptera, especially exotic.

To what extent are Heteropterous insects, many of

which are very poisonous and very strikingly coloured, to

be considered protected, and, as far as the phytophagous

species are concerned, what relation is there between their

poison and the plant on which they feed ?

(Pi 5)

XVI. Descriptions of new genera and species of Crypto-

cephalide. By Josrpy S. Baty, F.L.S.

[Read 1st August, 1877.]

LIsT OF SPECIES.

Ceenobius lividipennis Camaroons,

mm ruficollis .. ac de -- Port Natal.

5 discoidalis .. Ac oe oe

3 fulvipes .. : ee -- India,

+ chinensis .. oe oe -» China.

Monachus angulicollis ee oe e» Columbia.

i obscuricollis Sc O° we) danas

Melixanthus Adamsi .. oc An e- China.

5 placidus ee ee of >

Cryptocephalus Jansoni ae oe we 49

- notatipennis.. 56 co Leb.

ae gratus 50 ais -. Parana.

eS histrionicus .. ee es brazil:

an amazonus .. 56 .» Para.

Stegnocephala discoidalis .. oe -- Amazons.

-Paracephala (n. g.) pectoralis ee -- Australia.

Euphyma (n. g.) ee eo eo eo

Idiocephala Chapuisii ve ee -» Australia.

Bs bella os oC oc 50 56

Rhombosternus pretiosus .. a ee -

Paracadmus (n. g.) lucifugus 3c Os 5

Acolastus Simonsi .. oe oe »» Lake Nyassa.

Metallactus eximius .. oe So -- Amazons.

Pachybrachys contortus ee ee cc op

Genus Camnopius, Suffr.

Cenobius lividipennis.

Ovatus, valde convexus, fulvus, nitidus, elytris piceis,

metallico-violaceo vix micantibus, fortiter punctato-striatis ;

interspatiis convexiusculis, ad marginem lateralem con-

vexis.

Long. 1} lin.

Hab.— Guinea, Camaroons.

Eyes large, contiguous, antennz rather longer than the

head and thorax, obscure fulvous, six outer joints slightly

thickened ; apex of jaws black. Thorax twice as broad

at the base as long; sides rounded and converging at the

base, thence obliquely converging to the apex, hinder

angles acute; basal margin oblique and slightly bisinuate

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART Ill. (OCT.)

212 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

on either side, the medial lobe acute; above subconic,

cylindrical at the apex, the entire outer limb bordered

with a single row of deep punctures; surface sparingly

impressed here and there with coarse punctures, finer and

more remote in the middle of the disk; on either side

near the lateral margin is an ill-defined transverse groove ;

basal margin very narrowly edged with black. Scutellum

narrowly ovate, attenuated at the base, rufo-fulvous, edged

with black. Elytra oblong, not broader than the thorax ;

convex, strongly punctate-striate, strize moderately sulcate,

the seventh stria from the suture commencing below the

humeral callus, oblique and joining the sixth stria just

below its middle; fifth and eighth striz abbreviated some

distance below the middle of the elytron; interspaces

smooth and shining, moderately convex, more strongly so

on the outer border.

Cenobius ruficollis.

Ovatus, valde convexus, niger, nitidus, thorace im-

punctato, facie inferiori, antennarum basi pedibusqu

rufo-fulvis; elytris regulariter punctato-striatis, interspati

convexis.

Long. 2 lin..

Hab.—Port Natal.

Head rather coarsely punctured; vertex black; eyes

large, nearly contiguous at the apices, being only separated. -

by a very narrow line; antennz two-thirds the length of

the body, six outer joints slightly thickened; six lower

ones pale rufous, the rest black. Thorax nearly twice as

broad at the base as long; sides rounded and converging

from base to apex; basal lobe acute; above convex, |

cylindrical at the apex, the apical margin bordered by a

deep transverse sulcation; surface shining, impunctate,

the basal margin narrowly edged with piceous. Scutellum

narrowly lanceolate-ovate. Hlytra oblong, convex, not

thickened behind the scutellum, strongly and regularly

punctate-striate ; interspaces shining, impunctate, convex,

those over the outer margin subcostate. Prosternum slightly

broader than long, its apex produced, obliquely deflexed,

its hinder margin slightly concave-emarginate. Meta-

sternum and abdomen black.

Cenobius discoidalis.

Breviter ovatus, valde convexus, niger, nitidus, antennis

basi pedibusque obscure fulvis, his piceo-tinctis, femoribus

new genera and species of Cryptocephalide. 213

posticis quatuor totis piceis; thorace sub crebre punctato ;

elytris crebre punctato-striatis, fulvis, margine exteriori

suturaque nigro-piceis, plaga communi trigonata magna,

a basi ad paullo infra medium producta, nigra instructis.

Long. 1 lin.

Hab.—Port Natal.

Head rather strongly punctured, eyes not contiguous at

their apices; antennz shorter than the head and thorax,

six outer joints thickened and dilated, six lower ones

fulvous, the rest black; labrum fulvous. Thorax nearly

twice as broad as long at the base; sides obliquely con-

verging and sinuate at the base, rounded at the middle,

thence obliquely converging to the apex, hinder angles

very acute; basal margin oblique and faintly bisinuate on

either side, medial lobe strongly produced, slightly reflexed,

its apex very acute; upper surface subconic, cylindrical

at the apex, apical margin bordered by a transverse

groove; strongly and closely punctured on the sides,

more finely and less closely punctured on the disk. Scu-

tellum narrowly ovate-lanceolate. Elytra scarcely broader

than the base of the thorax, broadly oblong, slightly

attenuated towards the apex, convex, closely covered with

longitudinal rows of punctures; the mterspaces plane,

obsoletely convex near the outer margin. Prosternum

slightly broader than long, the anterior border obliquely

deflexed, the hinder margin truncate, very slightly con-

cave, hinder angles produced, acute.

Cenobius fulvipes.

Ovatus, valde convexus, piceus, nitidus; subtus ob-

scurior, pedibus pallide fulvis ; thorace fortiter, minus

remote punctato ; elytris tenuiter punctato- striatis, inter-

spatiis ad apicem et ad marginem exteriorem convexis.

Long. 1 lin.

Hab.— India.

Eyes large, contiguous at their apices; two lower joints of

antennz pale fulvous;* face rugulose, fulvo-piceous, vertex

black, labrum fulvous. Thorax rather more than twice

as broad as long; sides rounded and quickly converging

from base to apex, the hinder angles posteriorly pr oduced,

acute ; basal margin oblique, bisinuate on either side, the

medial lobe acute : above transversely convex, cylindrical

at the apex; surface more coarsely and rather more

* The other joints in the only specimen known to me are broken away.

214 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

closely punctured than in C. chinensis; apical margin

bordered with a deep transverse groove, basal margin

narrowly edged with black, bordered with a single row of

punctures, less defined than in C. chinensis. Scutellum

narrowly ovate, its basal margin emarginate. Elytra

scarcely broader at the base than the thorax, slightly

attenuated towards the apex, convex, finely punctate-

striate, strize each impressed with a single row of fine

linear punctures, narrowly and faintly sulcate on the

inner disk, more strongly sulcate on the outer disk; the

seventh stria from the suture oblique and joining the

sixth stria below its middle; interspaces plane on the an-

terior portion of the inner disk, slightly convex towards

the apex, more strongly convex for their whole length on

the outer disk; basal margin edged with black, the apex

rather paler than the disk. Body beneath dark piceous,

legs pale fulvous. Prosternum nearly twice as broad as

long, apex scarcely deflexed, hinder margin truncate, its

lateral angles produced, acute.

Cenobius chinensis.

Ovatus, valde convexus, niger, nitidus, antennis basi

fulvis, pedibus anticis quatuor nigro-piceis; thorace for-

titer, remote punctato; elytris regulariter sulcato-striatis,

striis tenuiter punctatis, interspatiis convexis.

Long. # lin.

Hab.—China ; collected by Mr. George Lewis.

Eyes large, nearly contiguous, only separated at their

apices by a very narrow line; antennz scarcely longer

than the head and thorax, the six outer joints slightly

thickened, black, the five lower ones fulvous. Thorax

rather more than twice as broad as long; sides converg-

ing and rounded from base to apex; basal margin very

slightly bisinuate on either side, the medial lobe acute ;

above transversely convex, cylindrical at the apex; disk

strongly but remotely punctured, apical and basal mar-

gins bordered, the former with a deep transverse groove,

the latter with a single row of deep punctures. Scutel-

lum ovate, emarginate at the base. LHlytra slightly

broader than the thorax, oblong, convex, regularly

suleate-striate, the strize each impressed with a single

row of fine punctures; interspaces convex, subcostate

near the outer border, shining, impunctate.

new genera and species of Cryptocephalide. 215

Genus Monacuus, Suftr.

Monachus angulicollis.

Breviter ovatus, valde convexus, niger, nitidus, facie

inferiori, tibiis femoribusque anticis obscure rufis, subtus

piceus; thorace rufo, lateribus angulatis; elytris distincte

punctato-striatis, striis ad suturam et ad marginem late-

ralem sulcatis, interspatiis planis, externis convexiusculis.

Long. 14 ln.

Hab.—Columbia, Magdalena River.

Head finely granulose-rugose ; eyes elongate, rather

deeply notched; antennz scarcely longer than the thorax,

entirely black. Thorax twice as broad as long at the

base; sides broadly margined, parallel and rather strongly

sinuate from the base to the middle, thence obliquely con-

verging to the apex, the two sections forming a distinct

angle at the point of junction on the middle of the

lateral border, apex of angle obtuse; basal border slightly

oblique on either side, the medial lobe faintly reflexed,

‘concave-emarginate ; upper surface transversely convex,

cylindrical at the apex, finely but distinctly punctured,

the puncturing rather coarse along the basal margin;

interspaces granulose-punctate. Scutellum more than

twice as long as broad, narrowly wedge-shaped, its apex

very acute, its basal margin obtusely rounded, entire.

Elytra broader than the thorax, convex, finely strigose on

the basal margin, rather strongly punctate-striate, stricz

near the suture and on the outer margin sulcate; two

outer interspaces slightly convex.

Monachus obscuricollis.

Breviter ovatus, valde convexus, niger, subtus nitidus;

thorace pedibusque fulvis, tarsis piceis; supra minus ni-

tidus, granulosus; capite nigro-piceo, rugoso, antennis

flavis, extrorsum nigris ; thorace obscure rufo, disco piceo

infuscato; elytris punctato-striatis, stris pone medium

deletis, stria externa integra, leviter sulcata.

Long. 1 ln.

Hab.—Pavra.

Head nigro-piceous,tinged with cupreous, surface coarsely

punctured, rugulose; antennz scarcely half the length of

the body, pale fulvous, the six outer joints black; labrum

and palpi also fulvous. ‘Thorax nearly twice as broad at

the base as long ; sides obliquely converging and slightly

216° Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

rounded from base to apex, the hinder angles acute;

above concave, cylindrical at the apex, finely granulose,

impressed, but not closely, with fine punctures ; in front

of the basal margin is a row of coarse punctures, the mar-

gin itself thickened and slightly raised along its middle,

causing the surface immediately in front to appear trans-

versely grooved; surface obscure rufous, the disk deeply —

stained with piceous. Scutellum rather longer than broad,

trigonate, its basal margin entire, its apex acute; surface

nitidous. Elytra convex, each elytron transversely exca-

vated immediately below the basal margin ; surface mi-

nutely granulose, punctate-striate, the punctures distinct

at the base, obsolete behind the middle; outer stria entire,

slightly sulcate ; interspaces plane, the outer one obsoletely

convex.

Genus MELIXANTHUS, Suffr.

Melixanthus Adamsi.

Late quadrato-ovatus, postice vix attenuatus, fulvus, »

nitidus, antennis (basi exceptis), nigris; thorace basi

anguste nigro-marginato, tenuiter sat remote punctato;

scutello subcordiformi, apice acuto; elytris basi anguste

nigro-marginatis, regulariter punctato-striatis, interspatiis

planis, remote, tenuissime punctatis, leviter ruguloso-

strigosis; utrisque plagd magn ovata male definita,

supra discum exteriorem posita, a paullo infra basin ad

pone medium extensa@, picea instructis ¢.

Long. 12 lin.

Hab.—Danes Island, Canton River; collected by

Mr. A. Adams, after whom I have named it.

Head rotundate, plane, distinctly punctured, vertex

and front impressed with a longitudinal groove ; antennz

equal in length to the head and thorax, the basal joint

thickened, curved, the second very short, submoniliform,

the third and fourth each. longer than the second, nearly

equal, subcylindrical, the fifth to the eleventh compressed

and dilated (the fifth rather less so than the others) and

forming a narrow elongated club; the fifth to the ninth

trigonate; the tenth and eleventh ovate; the two lower

joints fulvous, the rest black; eyes elongate, remote,

broadly but not deeply notched. Thorax twice as broad

at the base as long; sides rounded and converging from

base to apex, hinder angles posteriorly produced, acute ;

basal margin broadly and obtusely sinuate on either side,

new genera and species of Cryptocephalide. 217

medial lobe produced, broadly emarginate ; above convex,

remotely and very finely punctured; basal border narrowly

edged with black. Scutellum subcordate, its apex acute,

its basal margin deeply -bilobate, narrowly edged with

black. Elytra not broader than the thorax, convex,

regularly punctate-striate; interspaces plane, finely but

distinctly punctured, faintly rugulose-strigose over the

whole surface; each elytron with a large ill-defined pale

piceous patch placed on the outer disk, extending from

just below the basal margin to beyond the middle; extreme

basal margin black. Prosternum nearly twice as long as

broad, its anterior margin produced, obliquely deflexed,

sides sinuate between the cox, parallel towards the

hinder apex, the latter distinctly concave, its lateral

angles acute. Unguiculi piceous.

Melixanthus placidus.

Late quadrato-ovatus, postice vix attenuatus, valde con-

vexus, fulvus, nitidus, antennis extrorsum nigris; thorace

tenuiter, subremote punctato, basi anguste nigro mar-

ginato; elytris basi nigro marginatis, regulariter punctato-

striatis, interspatiis planis, tenuissime, sat remote punc-

tatis, irreculariter impresso-strigosis.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab.—China; collected by Mr. Lewis.

Head short, rotundate, finely punctured; eyes remote,

elongate, broadly but not deeply notched; antennz shorter

than the head and thorax; the basal joint elongate,

curved, the second and following three short, nearly equal

in length, the second slightly thickened, the third and

fourth cylindrical, the fifth compressed, slightly dilated,

trigonate; the sixth to the tenth compressed, distinctly

dilated, trigonate and forming with the ovate eleventh

joint an ill-defined, elongate club; five lower joints ful-

vous, the six outer ones black. Thorax more than twice

as broad as long at the base; sides rounded and con-

verging from base to apex, hinder angles posteriorly pro-

duced, subacute; basal margin slightly bisinuate on either

side, medial lobe slightly produced, broadly emarginate ;*

above convex, cylindrical at the apex, faintly exeavated

at the base on either side the medial lobe, very finely

* Owing to the bilobate base of the seutellum overlapping the margin of

the thorax, it is impossible in the present, as in many other instances, to

determine the exact shape of the emargination itself.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.

PART III. (OCT.) Q

218 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

punctured; the extreme basal border narrowly edged

with black. Scutellum elongate-trigonate, its apex acute,

its base bilobed, narrowly edged with black. Elytra not

broader at the base than the thorax, very slightly attenu-

ated towards the apex, convex, regularly punctate-striate ;

interspaces plane, very minutely and somewhat sparingly

punctured, covered with very finely impressed, irregular

striz. Prosternum oblong, the anterior margin distinctly

produced, obliquely deflexed; the sides sinuate in front,

parallel posteriorly, the hinder apex truncate, slightly

concave, the lateral angles acute, rectangular. Unguiculi

black.

Genus CRYPTOCEPHALUS, Geoff.

Cryptocephalus Jansoni.

Oblongus, subcylindricus, niger, nitidus, pygydio apice

flavo-albo; capite crassé punctato, utrinque puncto infra

oculum favo: thorace sat fortiter, subremote punctato;

margine basali, vittis duabus latis, intus plus minusve

excavatis, ante apicem abbreviatis, et utrinque puncto

intra marginem, nigris; elytris piceo punctatis, punctis ad

basin et prope suturam in striis biseriatis, confuse dis-

positis ; margine basali, linea suturali et utrisque maculis

duabus, una supra callum humerale, alteraque pone medium

positis, nigris.

Var. A. Capitis punctis flavis obsoletis.

» B. Elytrorum macula postica obsoleta.

Long. 3—3$ lin.

Hab.—China, Shantung.

Head rugose-punctate ; clypeus campanulate, its apical

margin slightly concave; antenne nearly equal to the

length of the body in the ¢, shorter in the ?; black, the

apex of the basal and the whole of the second joints

obscure piceous. Thorax rather more than one-half

broader than long at the base; sides rounded and converg-

ing from base to apex, nearly parallel at the extreme base ;

incler margin concave on either side, medial lobe broadly

emarginate; above convex, finely punctured on the disk,

more “coarsely so on the sides; basal lobe slightly veflexed.

Scutellum smooth, subtrigonate, its apex broadly truncate,

its base bilobate. Elytra scarcely broader than the base

of the thorax, quadrate-oblong, sides only moderately

lobed; convex, slightly thickened round the hinder part of

the scutellum, slightly excavated at the base, finely but

new genera and species of Cryptocephalide. 219

distinctly punctured, the punctures piceous, arranged in

double rows at the base and along the suture; the second

black spot on the elytron (when present) is rotundate and

placed below the middle, half-way between the suture and

outer margin, the spot on the humeral callus is oblong ;

the inflexed limb is stained behind the middle with nigro-

piceous. Apical segment of abdomen in the ¢ impressed

with a large shallow fovea, the anterior edge of which is

armed with a flattened tooth; the same segment in the

is impressed with the usual deep fovea.

In colour this species closely agrees with C. Japanus.

It is much smaller, and in its typical form has only two

instead of four black spots on each elytron.

Cryptocephalus notatipennis.

Elongato-ovatus, convexus, obscure fulvus, nitidus,

capite flavo, antennis (basi fulva excepta) oculisque nigris ;

pectore abdomineque (hujus apice excepto) pallide piceis;

scutello elytrisque violaceo-piceis; thorace lzevi, margine

antico lateribusque flavis; elytris sat fortiter punctato-

striatis, interspatiis planis, duobus externis convexis;

utroque elytro vittaé interrupta, pone medium abbreviata,

disco exteriori posita, maculaque subapicali fulvis, ornato.

Var. a Elytris pallide piceis, signaturis ut in typo.

Long. ? lin.

Hab.—Pard. Var. A. Santarem.

Head smooth; eyes elongate, not contiguous, broadly

sinuate, black; antennz scarcely more than half the

length of the body in the 4, slightly shorter in the $;

slender, five lower joints flavous, the six outer ones very

slightly thickened, black. Thorax about a third broader

than long at the base; sides rounded and converging from

base to apex, more quickly converging near the latter ; ;

basal margin deeply sinuate on either side, the lateral

angles produced posteriorly, very acute, medial lobe bi-

emarginate ; above very convex, smooth and_ shining,

impressed with a few minute punctures, only visible under

a deep lens; basal margin faintly strigose, more or less

edged with piceous; sides irregularly bordered with flavous,

‘ne extreme lateral margin sometimes narrowly edged

with piceous; anterior margin narrowly edged with flavous,

impressed with a single row of deep punctures. (The

flavous markings on the sides and apex vary greatly in

different individuals, and are sometimes entirely “obsolete. )

220 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

Scutellum narrowly wedge-shaped. Elytra convex, sides

moderately lobed ; each impressed with ten rows of distinet

punctures, larger and deeper towards the lateral margin;

the seventh row from the suture nearly obsolete, being

only visible on the lower portion of the humeral callus ;

interspaces plane, here and there faintly wrinkled, two

outer ones thickened, convex ; outer disk of each elytron

with a subapical spot, also with a more or less interrupted

vitta, commencing on the basal margin and extending to

just below the middle, fulvous. These markings fre-

quently form three small fulvous spots, placed one at the

base, one on the middle, and the third just before the apex

of the elytron. :

Similar in form to C. flagitiosus, Suffr., near which it

must be placed.

Cryptocephalus gratus.

Subelongatus, subcylindricus, pallide rufo-piceus, niti-

dus, antennis (basi fulva excepta) nigris; scutello elytrisque

obscure piceo-ceeruleis, his fortiter punctato-striatis; utris-

que apice plagdque magna oblonga a paullo infra basin

ad ultra medium producta, flavis “ornatis ; thorace levi,

utrinque ad latus leviter transversim sulcato.

Long. 14—1# ln.

Hab. Brazil, Parana.

Head smooth, impressed on the front between the eyes

with a few distinct punctures; eyes large, black, not con-

tiguous; antennz more than two-thirds the length of the

body, moderately robust, five lower joints fulvous, stained

above with piceous, the rest very slightly thickened, black.

Thorax nearly twice as broad at the base as long; sides

distinctly margined, converging and slightly rounded from

base to apex, faintly sinuate in the middle, hinder angle

posteriorly produced, acute; hinder margin slightly con-

cave on either side, medial lobe scarcely produced, its

apex bi-emarginate; disk convex, smooth, impunctate, im-

pressed just ‘behind the middle on either side near the

margin with a slight but distinct, obliquely transverse

groove. Scutellum narrowly wedge-shaped. Elytra ob-

long, sides only slightly lobed; above convex, each elytron

with eleven rows of strongly impressed punctures, the

seventh to the ninth abbreviated anteriorly; the punctures

on the flavous parts of the surface piceous; mterspaces

plane, the outer two convex; below the basilar space,

near the suture, are a few oun transverse wrinkles.

new genera and species of Cryptocephalide. 221

Cryptocephalus histrionicus.

Anguste oblongus, subcylindricus, subtus cum capite

sordide fulvus, pectore pallide piceo, vertice, antennis

extrorsum oculisque nigris; supra pallide piceus, thoracis

marginibus antico. et infernal maculisque duabus baseos,

sordide fulvis ; ; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis; utrisque

fascia transversa vix pone medium, utrinque abbrevi iata,

postice leviter emarginata, macula ante apicem linedque

subapicali prope suturam posita, albis, ornatis; his signa-

turis leevibus, impunctatis.

Long. 1 lin.

Hob.—Pr razil, New Friburg

Eyes large, separated at their apices by a narrow line;

antenne more than three-fourths the length of the body,

four lower joints fulvous, the fifth piceous, the rest black.

Thorax nearly twice as broad at the base as long; sides

rounded and converging from base to apex, rather more

obliquely converging before the middle, hinder angles pro-

duced posteriorly, acute ; ; basal margin scarcely sinuate on

either side, medial lobe not produced, slightly concave ;

upper surface convex, slightly impressed transversely on

either side just behind the middle, coarsely but not very

closely punctured. Scutellum wedge-shaped, its apex ob-

tuse. Elytra oblong, sides slightly lobed; each elytron

transversely excavated just below the basal marein, im-

pressed with eleven rows of coarse deep punctures, rather

smaller and less deeply impressed towards the apex; on the

white markings these punctures are entirely obsolete; inter-

spaces plane, convex and subcostate near the outer margin.

Cryptocephalus amazonus.

Elongatus, subeylindricus, niger, nitidus, capite (an-

tennis extrorsum oculisque exceptis), thoraceque rufo-

fulvis, pedibus flavo-fulvis ; thorace subconico, utrinque

oblique impressio, subremote punctato; elytris basi trans-

versim excavatis, sat fortiter punctato-striatis ; interspatiis

planis, ad apicem convexiusculis, ad marginem exte-

riorem subcostatis.

Long. 1} lin.

Head rather strongly punctured; eyes nearly con-

tiguous, being only separated by a fine line ; antennx

rather more than half the length of the body, slender, the

four lower joints pale flavous, the rest black. ‘Thorax

rather broader at the base than long, subconic; sides

222 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

slightly converging from base to apex, slightly rounded,

the hinder angles acute; basal margin transversely trun-

cate, the medial lobe not bi-emarginate; upper surface

obliquely excavated on either side, rather coarsely but not

closely punctured. Scutellum wedge-shaped, its apex

obtuse. Elytra narrowly oblong, sides moderately lobed ;

each elytron transversely excavated immediately below the

basal, margin, strongly impressed with eleven rows of

punctures, the seventh to the ninth rows from the su-

ture abbreviated anteriorly; interspaces plane, slightly

convex towards the apex, those on the outer margin

thickened, costate.

This species must stand close to C. esuriens, Suftr.

Genus STEGNOCEPHALA, Baly.

Stegnocephala discoidalis.

Breviter ovata, valde convexa, fulva, nitida, antennis

(basi except&) scutelloque nigris, pectore, abdominisque

basi piceis; elytris sat fortiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis

planis, ad latus convexiusculis; nigro-purpureis, plaga

magna communi discoidali rufo-fulva ornatis; tarsis piceo

tinctis.

Var. A. Elytris, basi exceptis, fulvis.

eather tOnisnial vase

Long. 13 lin.

Hab.—Para, Santarem.

Head smooth, impunctate; eyes black, contiguous in

the $, slightly separated in the 2; antenne half the

length of the body, slender, two to four lower joints

fulvous, the rest black. Thorax when viewed under a

lens, minutely but distinctly punctured. Scutellum trigo-

nate, its apex acute; black, sometimes piceo-fulvous.

Elytra rather strongly punctate-striate, the interspaces

plane, those on the outer margin moderately convex; in-

flexed limb of lateral lobe rugose-punctate, opake; nigro-

violaceous, a large common transverse patch on the

middle disk, sometimes occupying nearly the whole sur-

face of the elytra, fulvous or rufo-fulvous.

Genus PARACEPHALA.

Corpus oblongum aut elongatum, subcylindricum.

Caput in thoracem immersum; oculis subreniformibus,

intus sat profunde angulato-emarginatis; antennis filifor-

mibus, ad apicem vix incrassatis. Thorax transversus,

new genera and species of Cryptocephalide. 223

lateribus integris; convexus, apice sulco impresso margi-

natus; margine antico utrinque ad latus elevato. Scutel-

lum oblongo- aut elongato-quadratum; basi bilobatum.

Llytra oblonga aut anguste oblonga, parallela, lateribus

valde lobatis; supra convexa, circa scutellum abrupte

elevata. Pedes sat elongati; wnguiculis basi incrassatis.

Prosternum latitudine longior, postice bilobatum, antice

deflexum, utrinque ab episterno antico, sulco distincto

separatum; episterno antico angulo antero-interno libero.

Type Paracephala pectoralis,

This genus is at once known from Ochrosopsis by the

deep groove separating the prosternum from the anterior

episternum. C. filum, Chapuis, belongs to the present

genus.

Paracephala pectoralis.

Subelongata, subcylindrica, nigra, nitida, prosterno bi-

dentato flavo; abdomine, thoracis lateribus elytrorumque

fascia vix ante medium, longe ante suturam abbreviata,

rubris; thorace parce, hic illic fortiter punctato; elytris

fortiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis ante medium trans-

versim strigoso-rugulosis.

Long. 1 lin.

aes Australia; Cape York.

Vertex and face coarsely punctured; eyes not approxi-

mating, deeply notched; antennze equal in length to the

body 6; fourth shorter than either the third or fifth,

these latter equal in length, six outer joints slightly

thickened; labrum piceous. ‘Thorax twice as broad as

long; sides nearly parallel and sinuate at the base,

rounded and converging from behind the middle to the

apex, hinder angles posteriorly produced, acute; basal

margin concave on either side, medial lobe broadly trun-

cate- emarginate; upper surface convex, nitidous, spa-

ringly impressed here and there with coarse, deep punc-

tures; apical margin bounded by a deep sulcation, the

margin itself distinctly raised on either side. Scutellum

subquadrate, its base emarginate. LElytra oblong, sides

rather strongly lobed; upper surface thickened just round

the scutellum, strongly and deeply punctate-striate, the

inner striz immediately below the scutellum confused;

interspaces transversely wrinkled before the middle; me-

dial fascia dilated on the outer margin, abbreviated inter-

224 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

nally between the third and fourth striz from the suture.

Prosternum pale yellow, longer than broad, its apex

strongly deflexed, its hinder apex deeply emarginate,

strongly bidentate.

Genus EUPHYMA.

Corpus oblongum aut subelongatum, convexum aut

subcylindricum. Caput in thoracem insertum; oculis

intus sat valde angulato-inscisis; antennis Eilon, ad.

apicem v1x SOS ERSISA HEL Thorax transversus, convexus,

lateribus integris. Scutellum trigonatum. lytra tho-

race vix latiora, parallela aut postice vix attenuata, late-

ribus ante medium valde aut modice lobatis; supra circa

scutellum elevata, striatim aut confuse punctata. Pedes

mediocres. Prosternum latitudine longior, postice obtuse

truncatum, angulis posticis obliquis; antice declive,

utrinque ab episterno antico sulco distincto separatum ;

episterno antico angulo antero-interno libero.

Euphyma is separated from Paracephala by the ob-

tusely truncate hinder apex of the prosternum, from

Ochrosopsis and allied forms by the presence of the

groove separating the prosternum from the episternum.

E. flaviventris, Saunders, elegans, Saunders, and several

species as yet undescribed in my collection, form the above

genus.

Genus IpIOCEPHALA, Saunders.

Idiocephala Chapuisii.

Subquadrato-oblonga, lete rufo-fulva, nitida, capite

(facie inferiori excepta), scutello, genubus, tibiis tarsisque

nigris; elytris crassé punctatis, transversim rugulosis,

viridi-wneis, utrisque prope medium plaga magna rufo-

fulva, ornatis; antennis gracilibus.

Mas.— Antennis looms corporis longitudinem

valde superantibus.

Fom.— Antennis corporis longitudinem sequalibus, ar-

ticulis ultimis sex vix dilatatis.

Long. 24—3 lin.

Hab.— Australia, Rockhampton.

In my collection and in that of the British Museum.

Vertex and front rugose, the latter with a raised longi-

tudinal line; eyes laree, deeply notched; lower face

coarsely punctured, rufo-fulvous, clothed with eriseous

hairs; antenne slender, filiform, longer than the body i in

new genera and species of Cryptocephalide. 225

the ¢, of equal length to it in the ¢, the outer joints

scarcely dilated in either sex. Thorax twice as broad as

long at the base; sides broadly margined, rounded behind

the middle, thence obliquely converging to the apex, the

anterior angles acute, the hinder ones slightly produced

backwards, subacute; basal margin slightly oblique on

either side, the medial lobe broadly truncate; above con-

vex, obliquely impressed on either side at the base, coarsely

and deeply but not very closely punctured; lateral margin

paler than the disk. Scutellum trigonate, its apex trun-

cate, basal margin notched, surface smooth, impunctate.

Elytra strongly lobed on the sides, contracted behind

the middle; upper surface abruptly thickened round the

scutellum, very coarsely and deeply punctured, the punc-

tures near the apex arranged in longitudinal striz ;

interspaces shining, transversely rugulose, longitudinally

subcostate near the apex; each elytron near the middle

with an ovate rufo-fulvous patch, placed rather nearer the

suture than the lateral margin.

Nearly allied to Idiocephala catorantha, Saunders ;

rather larger, the antennz more slender and less distinctly

thickened towards the apex in the ¢.

Idiocephala bella.

Subquadrata, valde convexa, fulva, nitida, pectore abdo-

mineque piceo-fulvis; antennis extrorsum, vertice scutel-

loque nigris; thorace crassé, subremote punctato, utrinque

ante basin leviter oblique impresso; elytris crassé punctato-

striatis, punctis in striis confuse biseriatim dispositis, ad

apicem minus fortiter impressis, interspatiis transversim

rugulosis; utrisque fascidé basali, macula magna pone

medium, ad marginem adfixd, margine apicali limboque

inflexo nigris.

Long. 1% ln.

Hab.—Australia; Cape York.

Vertex impressed with fine longitudinal strige; front

finely rugose on either side, its medial portion smooth,

impunctate; antenne rather more than half the length of

the body, filiform, very slightly thickened towards the apex,

the fifth jomt piceous, the six outer ones black; eyes

deeply notched. Thorax twice as broad as long; sides

rounded and converging from base to apex; basal margin

sinuate on either side, the medial lobe very slightly pro-

duced, entire; above convex, faintly impressed obliquely

226 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of

on either side behind the middle, strongly and deeply

punctured, the punctures irregularly congregated over the

surface. Scutellum trigonate, its basal margin entire.

Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax, sides strongly

_lobed; above convex, moderately thickened round the

scutellum, coarsely punctate-striate, the punctures on the

anterior half of the surface irregularly arranged in a

double row on each stria, finer, and placed in single rows

behind the middle; interspaces transversely rugulose,

longitudinally subcostate on the outer margin near its

apex. Body beneath clothed with adpressed silvery hairs.

Genus RHOMBOSTERNUS, Suffr.

Rhombosternus pretiosus.

Elongatus, subcylindricus, ater, nitidus, capite (oculis

antennisque gracilissimis exceptis) thoraceque rufo-tes-

taceis; elytris sat fortiter, ad apicem seriatim punctatis,

utrisque fascia lata prope medium, ad suturam abbreviata

plagaque apicali rufo-testaceis.

Long. 24 lin.

Hab.— Australia.

Face rather coarsely panera subrugose, vertex ob-

liquely strigose on either side ; labrum and palpi nigro-

piceous; antennz very slender, equal to the body in length

in the 2; third and fifth joints elongate, equal, each

longer than the fourth; eighth and three following joints

each shorter than the seventh, very slightly thickened and

compressed ; second to the fourth nigro-piceous, the rest

black; eyes large, deeply notched. Thorax more than

twice as broad as long; sides rounded and converging

from base to apex, anterior angles produced into a lateral

tooth, the hinder ones subacute ; basal margin slightly

bisinuate on either side, medial lobe broad, concave,

bi-emarginate ; upper surface transversely convex, deeply

and obliquely excavated on either side, sparingly impressed

with large deep punctures, which are irregularly congre-

gated over the surface, the middle disk being nearly free

from punctures. Scutellum trigonate, its apex broadly

truncate; surface smooth, impunctate, apex with an ob-

scure rufous patch. Elytra oblong, scarcely broader

than the base of the thorax, sides only slightly lobed;

upper surface thickened close to the scutellum, strongly

punctured, the punctures less deeply impressed and

new genera and species of Cryptocephalide. 227

arranged in longitudinal rows towards the apex, inter-

spaces between these striz faintly convex, subcostate near

the outer margin; on the rest of the surface they are

transversely wrinkled ; the rufous band extends on the

outer border from below the shoulder to beyond the middle,

irregular on the sides, it narrows towards the suture and

terminates just before reaching the latter; the punctures

on its surface, together with ‘those on the apical patch,

black; the terminal patch extends across the apex of the

elytron, but is separated from the extreme edge by a narrow

black line. Body beneath black, sparingly clothed with

griseous hairs, sides of the thorax testaceous, the deflexed

anterior border of the prosternum pale yellow. Pro-

sternum longer than broad, the hinder apex dilated,

broadly rounded; surface rugose-punctate. Apical seg-

ment of abdomen i impressed with a lar ee round fovea, ¢.

I possess three specimens of this pretty species, all

belonging to the female sex; the male is unknown to me.

Genus PARACADMUS.

Corpus elongatum, subeylindricum. Caput breve, ro-

tundatum, in fhoracem ad oculos insertum; oculis magnis,

modice remotis, subreniformibus, intus profunde. et anguste

emarginatis; antennis filiformibus, corpus valde super-

antibus, $, articulo secundo brevissimo, articulo ultimo

v1x compresso, elongato-ovato. Thorax transversus,

convexus, lateribus marginatis, irregulariter crenulatis,

Scutellum cuneiforme, apice truncato, libero, dorso vix

carinato, rugoso-punctato. Elytra anguste oblonga, la-

teribus ante medium modice lobatis, limbo inflexo pone

medium angusto, ante apicem desinenti; supra conyexa,

circa scutellum abrupte incrassata, rugoso-punctata. Py-

gydium exsertum. edes sat elongati; unguiculis basi

incrassatis. Prosternum latitudine longior, margine an-

tico deflexo, margine postico concavo, utrinque in dentem

acutum retrorsum producto. Mesosternum latitudini fere

zequilongum, apice concavo, angulis posticis oblique pro-

ductis, acutis.

Type Paracadmus lucifugus.

Separated from Cadmus and allies by the strongly

bilobate hinder apex of the prosternum; from Ochrosopsis

and Idiocephala by the crenulated margin of the thorax.

228 Mr. J. 8S. Baly’s descriptions of

Paracadmus lucifugus.

Elongatus, subcylindricus, subtus nitidus, pallide albo-

flavus, nigro-pictus; pedibus nigris, femoribus basi, posticis

basi etsi infra tibiisque basi albo-flavus; supra niger,

opacus; capite rugoso-punctato, pube sericeo vestito,

oculorum orbitis mternis, clypeo antice antennarumque

articulis 6—10 sordide flavis; thorace convexo, profunde

et creberrime rugoso-punctato, lateribus irregulariter

crenulatis albo-flavo-marginatis, margine apicali (medio

interrupto), discique maculis nonnullis sordide flavis ;

elytris crebre rugoso-punctatis, pone medium obsolete

elevato-vittatis, fascia lata communa baseos, extus abbre-

viata alterAque prope medium, interrupta, intus angustata,.

ad suturam abbreviatd, sordide flavis; margine humerali

limboque inflexo a basi ad longe pone medium, albo-flavis;

pygydio flavo-albo, nigro notato.

Long. 24 lin.

Hab.— Australia.

Head rugose, black, the upper and inner margin of the

eye, the canthus, the cheeks and the lower portion of the

clypeus obscure yellow; antenne a third longer than the

body 4, slender, the second joint very short, the third to

the tenth elongate, cylindrical, the eleventh slightly com-

pressed, narrowly elongate-ovate. ‘Thorax twice as broad

at the base as long; sides rounded and converging from

base to apex, sinuate behind the latter, anterior angles

produced, subacute, curved slightly outwards, the hinder »

ones subacute, not produced; lateral margin irregularly

but not coarsely crenulate; basal margin sinuate and

slightly oblique on either side, the medial lobe slightly

produced, deeply concave-emarginate; above convex,

very closely and deeply rugose-punctate; lateral margin

reflexed, broadly edged with yellowish-white, which colour

extends for a short distance along the basal margin;

an interrupted line on the apical margin, together with a

few small indistinct spots on either side the hinder disk

obscure fulvous. Scutellum wedge-shaped, its apex ob-

tusely truncate, its surface carinate, coarsely punctured.

Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax, oblong, sides

rather strongly lobed; upper surface thickened just round

the scutellum, very coarsely and closely rugose-punctate,

obsoletely costate behind the middle; a broad common

band at the base, abbreviated within the humeral callus,

and a second about the middle of the elytron, well defined

new genera and species of Cryptocephalide. 229

on the outer margin, but narrowed and interrupted towards

the suture, abbreviated at some distance from ‘the latter,

dull fulvous-yellow; outer edge of epipleural lobe, together

with the inflexed limb from its base nearly to its apex,

pale yellowish-white. Body beneath pale yellowish-white,

clothed with adpressed griseous hairs; the middle of the

breast, the pleurz and a transverse basal line on the second

and third abdominal segments, black. Pygydium rugose-

punctate, yellowish-white, two small spots on either side

and another at the base, black.

Genus Acouastts, Gerst.

Acolastus Simonst.

Anguste oblongus, subcylindricus, niger, pube adpressa

albida vestitus ; subtus nitidus, eenubus tarsisque auran-

taceis ; supra subnitidus, capite “thoraceque rugosis; illo

fortiter punctato, mandibulis basi, labro, clypeo postice

punctisque duobus inter oculos aurantaceis; hoc transverso,

aurantaceo, lateribus antice rectis, basi oblique rotundatis

aut obliquis; dorso rugoso-punctato, parce albido setoso,

ante basin transversim depresso; utrinque vitta lata

irregulari, ante apicem desinenti, una ante scutellum

brevi (his vittis basi connexis), nigris; scutello transverso,

trigonato, basi leviter elevato, ad apicem excavato ; elytris

elabris, crassé rugoso-punctatis, hic illic elevato-vittatis ;

aurantaceis, sutura, callo humerali, maculé inter basin et

medium maculisque tribus pone medium, harum macula

mediali communi, lateralibus ad marginem adfixis, fasciam

interruptam formantibus, nigvris, siate inlbe

Var. A. Thorace nigro, lateribus, apice intus dilatatis,

maculaque apicali, disci medio posita, aurantaceis.—Mas.

Long. 2 ln.

pe ake Nyassa ; collected by Mr. Simons.

Head strongly and closely punctured, sparingly clothed

with white hairs; clypeus more distinctly punctured, its

apex deeply emarginate; eyes oblong-ovate, moderately

sinuate, antennze black, the third to the sixth joints obscure

Piceous, Thorax at its widest part nearly twice as broad

as long; sides obliquely diverging for one-third their

length, ae straight and scarcely converging to the

co)

apex;* basal margin distinctly sinuate on either “side the

* In one of the two specimens before me the basal third of the lateral

bo:der is obtusely rounded; in the other it is nearly straight, and forms

a distinct angle with the anterior portion.

230 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of

medial lobe, the latter broad, transversely truncate; upper

surface subcylindrical, transversely impressed just in

front of the basal lobe and for a short distance on either

side; strongly rugose-punctate on the sides, rather more

distantly punctured on the disk. Scutellum rather broader

than long, trigonate, its apical angle obtuse; surface closely

rugose-punctate, transversely thickened at the base, con-

cave near the apex. LElytra oblong, very slightly at-

tenuated towards the apex, the latter truncate, not de-

hiscent at the suture, sides only slightly lobed; above

convex, flattened along the suture, faintly depressed trans-

versely below the base and again below the middle, the

basal margin close to the scutellum, together with the

truncate apical border thickened; surface deeply and

closely punctured, interspaces thickened and irregularly

rugulose; on each elytron are several raised longitudinal

vittee, fine and indistinct on the disk, thickened and form-

ing irregular rugee at the apex.

Genus Mrerauuactus, Suffr.

Metallactus eximius.

Subquadrato-oblongus, valde convexus, flavus, nitidus,

metathorace utrinqgue macula, scutello, verticis macula,

oculis antennisque (articulis duobus ultimis exceptis),

nigris; elytris irregulariter punctato-striatis, punctis

piceis; striis prope suturam et ils disci exterioris con-

fusis; utrisque plaga basali longitudinali, intra callum

humerale posité margineque humerali nigris.

Long. 2—23 lin.

Hab. Banks of the Amazon, Para, Santarem.

Vertex smooth, minutely but not closely punctured;

front narrow, impunctate, impressed with a medial longi-

tudinal groove; eyes large, oval, deeply notched; antennz

half the length of the body, rather longer in the ¢, fili-

form, scarcely thickened towards the apex; the eyes,

interocular canthi, the apices of the jaws and a large

trigonate patch on the vertex black; antennz also black,

the two upper joints flavo-fulvous. Thorax more than

twice as broad as long; sides rounded and converging

from base to apex, all the angles produced laterally into a

subacute tooth; basal margin straight on either side,

medial lobe slightly but distinctly produced, broadly trun-

cate; above transversely convex, remotely impressed with

deep punctures. Scutellum trigonate, its apex truncate.

new genera and species of Cryptocephalide. 231

Elytra rather broader than long, oblong-quadrate, the

sides rather strongly lobed; above convex, slightly thick-

ened just round the scutellum, strongly punctate-striate,

the punctures piceous, the puncturing confused near the

suture, and also on the median line of the inner disk.

Body beneath very sparingly clothed with adpressed hairs.

Abdomen pale yellow. Anterior pair of thighs thickened.

Prosternum faintly grooved longitudinally on either side,

its hinder apex obtusely angulate.

Genus PacuyBracuys, Suffr.

Pachybrachys contortus.

Oblongus, subeylindricus, pallide piceus, albido varie-

gatus, nitidus; thorace sat profunde, subremote punctato,

ante basin transversim excavato, albido et piceo-variegato ;

elytris albidis, sat fortiter punctato-striatis, striis piceis,

hic illic contortis, disco exteriori interruptis; interspatiis

leevibus, hic illic dilatatis et maculas irregulares formanti-

bus; antennis piceis, extrorsum nigro-piceis.

Long. 13 lin.

Hab.—Banks of the Amazon, Para, Santarem. Appa-

rently common.

Head sparingly clothed with griseous hairs, coarsely

and rather closely punctured; -yellowish-white; the punc-

tures piceous; space between the eyes impressed with a

longitudinal punctured groove; eyes large, reniform, the

notch angular; antennz three-fourths the length of the

body in the ¢, shorter in the ¢, slender; the basal joint

ovate, yellowish-white, the rest piceous; five or six outer

joints nigro-piceous. Thorax nearly twice as broad as

long at the base; sides straight, obliquely converging

from base to apex, all the angles acute; basal margin

sinuate on either side the medial lobe, the latter slightly

produced, very obtusely rounded; upper surface trans-

versely convex, transversely excavated on the hinder disk,

coarsely and deeply, but not very closely punctured;

general surface pale piceous, a broad irregular lateral

vitta, extending more or less along the apical margin,

and an irregular longitudinal patch on the middle of the

disk, extending from base to apex, white. The extreme

outer limb piceous. Sometimes the general surface is

white, with the extreme outer limb and an ill-defined

oblique vitta on either side the disk pale piceous. Scu-

tellum elongate-trigonate, its apex truncate, pale yellow-

232 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of Cryptocephalide.

ish-white, narrowly edged with piceous. Elytra very

slightly broader than the base of the thorax, sides only

slightly lobed; above convex, thickened on the basal

margin and immediately around the scutellum; strongly

punctate-striate, the striz sulcate, piceous, contorted below

the scutellum and again on the median line of the outer

disk; in this latter place they are very irregular and much

interrupted; interspaces smooth, impunctate, slightly

thickened, white, with a faint yellowish tinge; below the

scutellum and in the middle of the outer disk they are

separated by the contortions of the strize imto irregular

white patches, the most conspicuous of which are; one

trigonate and distinctly thickened, placed on the sutural

margin, just below the scutellum, and a second on the

outer disk, also trigonate, its base placed on the extreme

lateral stria, and its apex extended rather more than a

third across the disk; the apices of the elytra smooth and

entirely free from punctures. Body beneath sparingly

clothed with griseous hairs, pale fusco-piceous, marked

here and there with ill-defined white patches.

Closely allied to P. clathratus, Suffr. The thorax

broader and more distinctly punctured.

( 233 )

XVII. Notes on the new or rare Sphingide in the

Museum of the Royal Dublin Society, and

Remarks on Mr. Butler's recent revision of

the Family. By W. F. Kirpy, Assistant

Naturalist, R.D.S.

[Read August 1st, 1877.]

THE Royal Dublin Society’s collection now contains

nearly 300 species of Sphingide, among which are several

new species which I describe below. I have also taken

this opportunity to mention the very few species or

synonyms which are unnoticed by Mr. Butler in his

recent revision of the group in Trans. Zool. Soe. ix., and

to enumerate those species in the Dublin collection which

are interesting from their rarity, or from their being at

present unrepresented in the British Museum, for it is

always useful to know in what other public collections

the desiderata of our great National Museum may be

examined,

MaAcroGLOSssIN az.

Hlemaris Fuciformis, Linn. (= Sphinx Tityus,

Linn.; = Sphinx Musca, Retz.)

HI, Ruficaudis, Kirb. (= Hemorrhagia Buffa-

loensis, G. & R.; and H. Uniformis, Grote).

HI, Kingti, Macl. (= Cunninghami, Boisd. nee

Walk.) Australia.

Two specimens of this very distinct species.

H, Cyaniris, Guér., Ic. R. Anim. texte. ii. p. 495

(1844), infra. Sylhet, Mauritius.

H. Croatica, Esp. Dalmatia.

Macroglossum Affictitia, Butl. Ceylon.

- Vialis, Butl. Hab. (?)

s Luteata, Butl. Ceylon.

Sphinx Pandora, Fabr., is not quoted by Butler.

Fabricius quotes S. Passalus, Drury, as a synonym,

but his description appears to apply better to some

species allied to Belis, Linn.: I will not attempt to

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART III. (OCT.) R

234 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s Notes on

decide which. Butler seems to have also overlooked

Perigonia Passerina, Boisd. Lep. Het. p. 327, hab. (?)

Eimantoides Undata, Walk. Jamaica.

As this was described by Walker from a specimen

wanting hind wings and abdomen, I have redescribed it

below. The British Museum now possesses a perfect

specimen, and I hope Mr. Butler will soon characterize

this interesting genus from it.

Proserpinus Gorgon, Esp. S. Russia.

Temnora Excisa, Walk. Natal.

Described by Walker as an Enyo, and referred by Butler,

with doubt, to the already sufficiently heterogeneous genus

Lophura. It is evidently closely allied to 7. Rhada-

mistus, Fabr., as figured by Boisduval. ( Temnora pla-

giata, Walk.; = Confusa, Walk.; = Dicanus, Boisd.

Voy. Deleg. ii. p. 594, n. 101 (1847).)

Calliomma Pluto, Fabr.; — Sph. Pluto, Gen. Ins.

p- 274 (1777); Zschach, Mus. Lesk. p. 95, t. 3,

n. 184 (1788); = Sphinx Cresus, Dalm. Anal.

Ent. p. 48, n. 22 (1823); = Oreus Thorates,

Hiibn.

The above is the correct synonymy of this well-known

insect. C. Pluto, Cram., must retain Hiibner’s name of

Plutonius.

Enyo Gorgon, Cram. Brazil.

» Lyctus, Cram. Upper Amazons.

Three specimens, agreeing with the figures of Cramer

and of Herrich-Schiffer. There are certainly at least two

species represented, and I am at present inclined to regard

Lyctus, H. §., as the ¢ of that of Cramer. j

Aleuron Butleri, sp. n., infra. W. Indies.

CH#ROCAMPINE.

Acosmeryx Miskini, Murray. Australia.

Two specimens, one larger and darker than the other.

Enyo Cinnamomea, H. 8., mentioned by Butler, Trans.

Zool. Soc. 1x. p. 542, is probably an over-coloured figure of

this, and would then take priority. A. Miskini stands as

A. Cinnamomea, H. S.., in the collection of Herr Maassen

of Elberfeld, who considers Daulis, Boisd., to be also

synonymous. ‘The notice of 4. Naga, Moore, Cat. Lep.

KE. I. C. i. p. 271, was, I am informed by Mr. Butler,

accidentally erased in his MS.

new or rare Sphingide. 235

Otus Versicolor, Harr. Canada.

A new locality for this rare species.

Pergesa Castanea, Moore. India.

‘Panacra Ella, Butl. Sylhet.

So much greener than the figure that I was about to

describe it as distinct. We have a closely-allied species,

perhaps P. Testacea, Walk., from the Andamans.

(Diodosida Murina, Walk.=Lophura Tyrrhus, Boisd.

Voy. Deleg. i. p. 594, n. 103 (1847).)

Cherocampa Elpenor, Linn. (= Sph. Porcus, Retz.)

% Capensis, Linn. (=Sph. 8-maculata,

Gmel.)

si Neoptolemus, Cram.” Colombia.

55 Geryon, Boisd. Hab. ?

I cannot see any resemblance between this species and

the figure of Phenyx, H. 8., to which Snellen seems in-

clined to refer it.

- Cherocampa Saclavorum, Boisd. Madagascar.

of Oldenlandie, Fabr. (= S. Argentata,

Haw. Ent. Trans. i. p. 334 (1812);

Heil. A., Steph. Illy 2.5 p..130; n-

(1828); Wood, Ind. Ent. Suppl.

f, 28 (1839).)

Among other specimens are three labelled “ Africa,”

which appear to belong to this species, and not to Gordius,

Cram.

Cherocampa Margarita, n. sp., infra. Australia.

~ Rosina, Butl. Ceylon.

“ Latreilliit, Macl. (= Comminuens,

Walk.)

ms Aspersata, n. sp., infra. Andamans.

(C. Butus, H. 8., Ex. Schmett. ii.

f. 559, probably = C. Punctivenata,

Butl.)

. Alcides, Boisd. Brazil.

I do not believe this species to be the same as Anubus,

Cram., though Butler considers them identical. There

are several closely-allied species of this group, including

C. Moeschleri, Evsch. Trud. Russk. x. pl. 1, f. 1, interme-

diate between Alcides and Maculator. The true Anubus,

though known to and described by Boisduval, does not

appear to be contained in British collections. C. Mezi-

R 2

236 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s Notes on

cana, EXrsch. 1. c. f. 2, is, as Mr. Butler informs me, sy-

nonymous with C. Falco, Walk.

Cherocampa Isaon, Boisd. Cayenne.

“6 Maculator, Boisd. Colombia.

5 Tyndarus, Boisd. Hab.?

A single bleached specimen.

Cherocampa Johanna, un. sp., infra. Brisbane.

This species, with Scrofa, Ignea, Brennus, and Vorkii,

forms a little group almost peculiar to Australia. Bois-

duval appears to have been in error in stating that he

described C. Yorkii from the British Museum collection ;

but his description will no doubt be applied to the proper

insect as soon as it is rediscovered. I see no reason to

consider it a fictitious species. C.? Ploetzi, Méschl. Verh.

z. b. Wien. xxvi. p. 350, pl. 4, f. 35, from Surinam, has

been described since the publication of Butler’s revision.

In the same paper Moschler describes and figures Ty-

lognathus Carinatus, Walk., and 7. Chloroptera? Pert.

(p. 349, pl. 4, ff. 33, 34).

Cherocampa Erotus, Cram. v. Andamanensis, infra.

Andamans.

Deilephila Opheltes, Cram. Cape.

A small specimen, measuring only 23 inches in expanse;

Cramevr’s figure is an inch larger. But all the Dezlephile

appear to vary considerably in size.

Deilephila Zygophylli, Ochs. S. Russia.

5 Hippophaes, Esp. (Amelia, Feisth. Bull.

Sci. Nat. 1827, p. 162).

Daphnis Angustans, Feld. Queensland; Brisbane.

Felder’s specimens came from the Moluccas (Amboina,

according to Boisduval).

Philampelus Pandorus, Hibn. (= P. Ampelophaga,

Harr. Amer. J. Sci. xxxvi. p. 300,

n. 4 (1839)).

a Lacordairei, Boisd. Madagascar.

A single specimen. It appears to be distinct from

P. Megera, Linn., but as the latter is evidently a very

variable species, it would require a series of Lacordairet

to point out the differences properly.

Pachylia Lyncea, Clem. Brazil, Amazon, Barbadoes.

P. Undatifascia, Butl., may be the same as this species.

new or rare Sphingide. 237

P. Inconspicua, Walk. (?) Jamaica.

Oryba Robusta, Walk. Ucayali.

Sphinx Achemenides, Cram., is evidently closely allied

to this species, which was placed by Boisduval in

Pachylia, to which it is clearly related. A drawing of

O. Robusta was lately sent me by Erschoff as P. Kadeni,

Schauf., but I have not been able to consult the descrip-

tion of the latter.

AMBULICINAE.

Ambulyx Eurycles, Herr Schiff. §S. America.

mS Lycidas, Boisd. Brazil.

sh Crethon, Boisd. Hab. —?

SMERINTHINA.

Metamimas Banksia, Boisd. SS. Australia.

Polyptychus Timesius, Stoll. N. China; India

(= Sph. Modesta, Fabr., E. 8. i, 1, p. 356, n. 4

(1793) ).

The legs of this species are very thick and strongly

spined.

The earliest notice of Lophostethus Dumolinii is by

Latreille, Cuvier’s Regne Animal, ed. 2, vol. i. pl. 20,

f. 1. (1830), as Sphinx Dumolin.

Calasymbolus Astylus, Dru. N. America.

Smerinthus Ocellata, Linn. (= Sph. Semipavo,

Retz.)

= Tatarinovii, Brem. (= Smer. Evers-

manni, Popoff, Bull. Mose. 1854, ii. p. 182, pl. 1,

f, 5).

Basiana Exusta, Butl. Cashmir,

Walker quotes a record that his B. Postica, from

Natal, “gives out sounds resembling those of a Lamia,

for minutes together.”

ACHERONTIIN@.

Acherontia Medusa, var. Malacca.

Resembles Japanese rather than Chinese examples, and

is as dark as these above and below. The inner black

band of u.s. h. w. sends off a very distinct branch near

the costa to the discoidal spot.

Acherontia Sculda, n. s., infra. Borneo.

238 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s Notes on

SPHINGINZE.

Amphonyz Rivularis, Butl. Upper Amazons; Mexico.

The Mexican specimen is much larger than any of the

others.

Anceryx Alope, Dru. (? Cram.) (= Sphinz Flavicans,

Goeze, Ent. Beytr. i. 2, p. 216, n. 44 (1780) ).

Isognathus Menechus, Boisd. Brazil.

. Dilophonota Meriane, Grote. Colombia.

Macrosila Lefebvret, Guér. (= Incisa, Walk.)

Brazil.

Protoparce Dalica, n. s., infra. Canada.

20 Cingulata, Fabr. (= Sphinx Affinis,

Goeze ).

Bs Quinquemaculatus, Haw. (= Celeus,

Hiibn. )

Pt Sexta, Johannsen (— Carolina, Linn.).

The Am. Ac. vi. and Mus. Ulr. are both dated 1764;

but as Linné quotes the former, its priority is established.

P. Abadonna, Fabr. Queensland.

This is a species measuring 34 inches across, and re-

sembling a small Convolvuli, from which it may be at

once distinguished by the absence of the rosy spots on the

abdomen. It is well described by Macleay as Sphinx

Godarti, in King’s Australia, and I therefore consider a

further notice superfluous. It agrees better with S. Aba-

donna, Fabr., than any other species known to me; and the

locality of the latter (Hast Indies) is also sufficiently near.

P. Pseudoconvolvuli, Schauf.

Small pale Convolvuli from Natal and Abyssinia may

perhaps be identical with Schaufuss’ insect.

Diludia Pamphilius, Cram. Upper Amazons.

A pair of what I believe to be this species. It seems

to be intermediate between Brontes, Dru., and Lichenea,

Walk.

Diludia Bethia, n. s., infra. Queensland.

» Nebulosa, Butl. Sikkim.

(Hyloicus Dyneus, Hiibn. Zutr. ff. 463, 464, appears to

have been overlooked by Mr. Butler.)

new or rare Sphingide. 239

Sphinx Luscitiosa, Clem.? N. America.

Does not quite agree with Strecker’s figure.

(Sphinx Snelleni, Weyenb. Mus. Teyl. i. p. 261, t. 34,

ff. 9, 9a. I have copied an incorrect reference to this

fossil species into the Zool. Record as S. Snell.)

The following five Sphinges are not noticed by Butler:

S. Pagana, Fabr. Sp. Ins. ii. p. 146, n. 29. (The

type should be in the Banksian collection.)

i. Indies.

S. Jasmini, Boisd. Lep. Het.i. p. 114. Madagascar.

S. Orneus, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. t. 6, f. 3. India.

S. Sanguinosa, Martyn, Psyche, t. 26, ff. 68, 69.

Tranquebar.

S. Argentiflua, Mart. |. c. t. 29, ff. 83, 84. 5S.

America.

Nephele Ginopion, Hiibn. Madagascar.

>» Densot#Kef. Madagascar.

Allied to Variegata, Butl., but with more regular

markings. I am uncertain whether or not this is the

insect described by Boisduval, Faun. Mad. p. 75, as

Deilephila Morpheus, Cram.

Nephele Charoba, n. s., infra. Madagascar.

» Argentifera, Walk. Natal.

» Infernalis, sp. n., infra. Ashanti.

_ 5 Vau, Walk. Ambriz, Congo.

Differs a good deal in colour; the hind wings are some-

times greenish, with a dusky border, and sometimes more

or less suffused with reddish on the outer half. The pale

portions of the fore wings have a delicate bloom on them,

similar to that often seen on bred specimens of Smerznthus

Populi.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

Hemaris Cyaniris, Guér.

Exp. al. 2in. Allied to H. Hylas, Linn.; antenne

and wings as in Hylas; thorax and opaque portion of

base of wing more olive-green, abdomen duller, slightly

inclining towards reddish, anal tuft reddish, yellow at the

base beneath, and with a blackish spot at the base on each

side. Under-surface, including the legs, and the base of

the wings yellow, inclining to orange.

240 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s Notes on

Sylhet. Maassen in mus.; Mauritius, Guérin. Our

specimen is erroneously labelled Brazil. I am indebted

to Prof. Westwood for the identification of this species.

The uniform coloration of the under-surface, the

absence of any belt on the abdomen, and the colour of the

anal tuft will at once separate this from any other species

of the Hylas group.

Himantoides Undata, Walk.

Exp. al. 14 in. Body brown, with two darker bands

at the base of the abdomen. Fore wings banded with

paler and darker bands, varying in intensity, and some-

times broken into spots. A white dot at the base, followed

by a short black dash; a small black discoidal spot, gene-

rally containing another white dot. Hind wings rounded,

black, with the centre luteous, widening out from the anal

angle to the costa; fringes of hind wings luteous. Under-

side of fore wings brown, with a triangular luteous spot

near the base; hind wings more or less luteous, costa and

hind margin brown.

Jamaica. Two specimens.

Aleuron Butler.

Exp. al. 241in. Allied to Zphis, Walk., and Ypaneme,

Boisd. Shape of Jphis, but the angle of the fore wings

somewhat more obtuse. Fore wings pale brown, with a

black dot at the base near the costa, and just beyond it,

a large greenish-brown spot, enclosing a white dot on the

costa. A broad band of the same colour, but paler across

the middle of the wing, curving towards the base, and

somewhat produced in this direction along the inner mar-

gin; upon this is placed a triangular silvery discoidal spot,

and a dot above it. Outside the band is a-dark line,

angulated parallel with the hind margin. Hind wings

pale brown, with a suffused black stripe across the middle,

and a dusky line beyond it, corresponding to that on the

fore wings. Hind margin bordered with brown towards

the front angle. Underside paler, with a slight reddish

tinge, and two dusky lines running across both wings.

West Indies. One damaged specimen.

Cherocampa Margarita.

Exp. al. 24 in. Allied to Oldenlandie, Fabr., and

Intersecta, Butl. Thorax and abdomen greenish-brown,

new or rare Sphingide. 241

thorax with a broad grey central stripe, silvery stripes at

the bases of the fore wings, and intermediate gilded stripes.

Abdomen with one central silvery stripe and two slightly

gilded lateral stripes. Fore wings nearly as in Olden-

landie ; a broad pearly-white stripe running from the

middle of the inner margin to the tip, broadly edged with

brown within and more narrowly without. Basal portion

of the wing greyish and the marginal portion whitish, the

latter intersected by three obsolete lines; the broad stripe

is also intersected by one, on the inner side, as in Olden-

landie. ind wings blackish, pale towards the base, and

with a pale stripe parallel with the hind margin. Under-

side as in small specimens of Oldenlandie, but redder.

Queensland. One specimen.

The single stripe on the abdomen will distinguish this

species from Oldenlandia, and the broad pearly stripe of

the fore wings from IJntersecta. There is an unnamed

specimen in the Brit. Mus. coll.

Cherocampa Aspersata.

Exp. al. 34im. Allied to C. Clotho, Dru., and Gono-

grapta, Butl. Body and hind wings as in Clotho, fore

wings brown, varied with paler, and dusted all over with

blackish scales; hind margin obscurely dusky. Outer

line placed as in C. Clotho, between this and the black

discal dot is a broader dusky line, suddenly angulated on

reaching the costa, Underside of all the wings pale,

speckled all over with dusky, with a broad dusky line

running across them, corresponding to the one above, but

extending nearly across the hind wings. Within this

Ime the fore wings are much darker, except along the

costa. The outer line and dusky hind margin are also

faintly indicated on the underside of the fore wings.

Andamans. One specimen. (Mr. Butler considers this

to be only a dark variety of C. Clotho.)

Cherocampa Johanna.

Exp. al. 24 in. Allied to Brennus, Cram., and Ignea,

Butl., fore wings purplish-brown, with a broad darker

central stripe bifurcated on the costa. A broad sub-

marginal band of the same colour, the lower part inter-

rupted by a large pinkish spot. Towards the base are

some short dusky markings. Hind wings red, with brown

hind margins as in Jgnea. Underside yellowish-red, the

hind margins dusky, and a dusky stripe across the hind

wings, aud three dusky marks on the outer half of the

242 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s Notes on

costa. Thorax and abdomen rosy-grey, the sides of the

latter with four red belts, broadly interrupted in the middle

above; and with a patch of silvery scales, mixed with

reddish ones, on each side, giving the appearance of four

elongated silvery spots on each side of the hinder part of

the abdomen.

Brisbane. One specimen.

Cherocampa Erotus, Cram., var. Andamanensis.

Exp. al. 34—34 in. Resembles var. Hrotozdes,

Wallengr., but the hind margin of the fore wings is

paler and more distinctly separated off by an obsolete

blackish line, and the black border of the hind wings is

a little broader. Underside yellowish, paler than in

Erotoides, except towards base of fore wings; the whole

surface dusted with black. Hind margins of both wings

browner, following the outlines of the borders of the upper

side and partly edged on fore wings by a black line

running from the tip. One specimen has red hind wings

above, and the underside of all the wings dull red, dusted

with black, the hind margins shaped as in the others, but

of a more purplish tint.

Body as in Erotoides ; in the red specimen asin Frotus.

Andaman Islands. Three specimens.

Acherontia Sculda.

Exp. al. 42in. Fore wings nearly as in Medusa, Butl.,

but less strongly dusted with grey; a reddish space along

the middle of the inner margin. Hind wings straw-colour,

hind margin black, with yellow spots between the nervures

on the outside, but much smaller than in any other species;

a narrow black line within, curving towards the anal

angle. Head and thorax as in Medusa, a large black

spot on each cheek of the skull. Abdomen with a very

broad central bluish-black stripe, covering nearly the

whole abdomen towards the extremity; a broad black

band on each segment, broadest below, where it occupies

as much space as the yellow, except just towards the tip.

Underside of fore wings yellow, with a black border, and

two obsolete transverse black lines, wider apart than in

Medusa; hind wings nearly as in Atropos.

Borneo. One specimen.

Intermediate between Atropos and Medusa, but ap-

parently distinct from both.

new or rare Sphingide. * 243

Protoparce Dalica.

Exp. nearly 44 in. Allied to Rustica, Fabr., but

the wings longer and narrower in proportion. Fore wings

brown, slightly dusted with grey, crossed with irregular

darker obsolete lines. Base and hind margin mottled

with whitish, a triangular whitish blotch on the costa, sur-

mounting a discoidal spot of the same colour; and another

white blotch near the tip. Hind wings dark brown,

greyish along the nervures, giving the wing the appear-

ance of being crossed by two obscure greyish bands. All

the fringes spotted with black and white. Body nearly

asin P, Rustica. Underside of fore wings uniform brown,

the discoidal spot indicated, yellowish. Outside this are

two obscure darker transverse lines. Hind wings whitish

at base, and rather more dusted with grey than the fore

wings. Two transverse lines, more distinct than those

on the fore wings, the outermost on the hind wings corre-

sponding to the innermost on the fore wings.

Canada. One specimen.

Diludia Bethia.

Exp. 334} in. Allied to Casuarine, Walk. Fore

wings dusted with whitish-grey, fringes spotted with

black. Three more or less conspicuous darker stripes

(sometimes nearly obsolete), one within and one with-

out the black discoidal spot, the former considerably

angulated; the third runs from the inner margin at two-

thirds from the base to the hind margin below the tip.

From the tip runs a very conspicuous : black line, like a

black thread, nearly to the discoidal spot. Hind wings

black, anal angle grey, fringes white. Underside oreyish-

white, more or less clouded fiwith brown. Antennz white

above, brown beneath. Thorax greyish-white, with two

black dots behind. Abdomen brown, dusted with grey,

and with indications of a dark subapical, and broader

lateral stripes. Underside uniform whitish-grey.

Queensland. Four specimens.

Nephele Charoba.

Exp. 34 in. Allied to Densoi, Kef.; fore wings

uniform, silky brown, the hind margin marked off less

broadly than in Densoi by a narrow greyish stripe, edged

within with black. A silvery discoidal crescent; an

244 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s Notes on Sphingide.

obscure blackish mark runs from it towards the anal

angle. Hind wings tinged with greenish, hind margins

darker; fore wings beneath brown at base, with the dis-

coidal spot small, yellow; the marginal portion of the

wing is darker than the space within it, and is marked off

by a blackish line running from the tip. Hind wings

paler than the fore wings; hind margin also marked off

with a dark line. Body brown above, grey below; sides

of thorax and orbits grey; first three segments of abdo-

men grey at the sides, each with a large black spot.

Madagascar. One specimen.

Another specimen, probably a variety, has the fore

wings darker above and the hind wings more greenish;

the discoidal spot is reduced to an inconspicuous dot, and

the abdomen is uniformly spotted along its whole length ;

the underside is also darker, the hind margins are less

distinctly separated, and there are two dark transverse

lines on each wing, obsolete in the other specimen.

Nephele Infernalis.

Exp. about 3 in. Closely allied to the last; very dark

smoky green; fore wings with a minute white discoidal

dot; hind wings shading into black towards the hind

margins. Even the usual marginal line of fore wings

only indicated in one specimen by an obscure row of grey

scales. Underside paler brown, inclining to greenish,

especially towards base of hind wings. Fore wings with

a transverse dark line on disk, and the usual marginal line

running from tip; hind wings with two transverse lines.

Thorax very dark green; abdomen nearly as in the last

species, but uniform greenish-black above.

Ashanti. Two specimens.

XVIII. Descriptions of new species of Cleride. By

the Rev. H. S. GorHam.

[Read August 1st, 1877.]

Tue following notes and descriptions of new species of

Cleride form a sequel to a paper published in * Cistula

Entomologica” in 1876. Their publication has been de-

layed, owing to unusual difficulties in unravelling the

synonymy and identifying the types of various authors. I

have had, however, the advantage of consulting the rich

collection of Mr. Fry, whose liberality in placing his

collection in my hands for that purpose I most gratefully

acknowledge. ‘This collection, as is naturally to be ex-

pected, is especially rich in South American novelties,

many of them collected by his own hand. I have also,

during the present spring, visited M. Chevrolat and in-

spected many of his types. My acknowledgments are also

due to Major Parry for similar facilities by which this

contribution to the history of the Clerid@ has profited.

List oF NEW SPECIES.

Epiphlceus Chevrolati. Lemidia concinna.

A pulcherrimus, op bifurcata.

ee velutinus. op labiata.

e terzonatus. . plumbea.

is capitatus. Isolemidia, nov. genus.

s nitidus. ” pulchella,

Lemidia rufa. Pr Batesi.

» , obliquefasciata. 5 apicalis,

dia. ip subtilis.

rf interrupta. Hydnocera marginata.

* maculicollis. Guatemalz.

5 var.? apicalis. x flavifemorata.

$ elongata. > pallipes.

<5 sub-senea, Bs rufithorax.

p filiformis. 9 virescens.

2 suturalis. ” olivacea.

4 pilosa.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART III. (OCT.)

246 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s descriptions of

CLERIDZ.

Sub-family III. PHYLLOBZENIDES.

SYNOPSIS OF GENERA.

A. Palpi all hatchet-shaped .. oe 00 -. Phyllobenus.

AA. Maxillary only do.

a. Antenne not hairy oe ee ee -- LHpiphieus.

b. Ditto hairy .. 50 00 ve -- Plocamocera.

PHYLLOBENUS, Spinola.

Type, P. dislocatus, Say.

EPripHia@us, Spinola.

Type, E. duodecimmaculatus, Klug.

Epiphleus Chevrolati, n. sp.

Ferrugineus, capite thoraceque nigro-fuscis, elytris basi

rufis, sutura, apice, fasciisque duabus ad marginem

attenuatis, albido-tomentosis, fusco irroratis. Antennis

fuscis articulo basali testaceo.

Long. 3 lin.

Head and thorax pitchy-black, with greyish pile on the

sides, the former very closely, the latter more sparsely

punctured, elytra red at the base, with series of deep

punctures for half their length, the remainder of the elytra

is pitchy-black ; bordered on the suture and towards the

base, and with the apex and a central fascia whitish-grey,

clothed with pile. Legs, basal joint of antenne and

underside red. ;

Allied to balteatus, Chev., but with the markings of the

elytra more distinctly defined.

Hab.—Amazon. In my own collection, and Brit.

Mus.—a fine series captured by Mr. Bates at Ega, who

makes the following observation :—

“On trunks of felled trees, has a curious sidelong

motion round the tree; found with small Coleoptera in

the mouth, one with a Copturus, another with a Scolytus,

and also a Trypaneus.”

Epiphleus pulcherrimus, n. sp.

Capite ferrugineo, pronoto fusco, elytris nigro-violaceis,

basi punctatis ferrugineis, macula pone medium testacea

new species of Cleride. 247

subrotundata, fascia posthac, apice et sutura griseo-sericeis

micantibus antennarum basi, corpore subtus pedibusque

testaceis, femoribus posticis supra fuscis.

Long. 33—4 ln.

Head rusty-red, coarsely punctured and_ slightly

wrinkled; antennz, with the basal, and sometimes the

second jomt red. Thorax shining fuscous or pitchy,

sparingly punctured, pilose. Elytra (in the maturer of

two examples before me) dark violet, rather coarsely

punctured at the base, the punctures tending to form rows;

a red spot near the base, unclothed ; beyond the middle

a pale spot nearly round, not reaching the suture but

joined by the griseous pile with which it is covered, to the

margin; a fascia and the apex of the same coloured

downy pile. Legs and underside yellow, hind thighs

infuscate above at the knees.

Hab.—Kga, Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry.

Epiphlous velutinus, n. sp.

Capite cum thoracis margine antico castaneo, pronoto

et pectore fuscis; elytris basi pallide testaceis, inde usque

ad medium nigro-fuscis, dimidio apicali cinereo-testaceis,

fascia pone medium uncinata, ad suturam interrupta,

maculaque parva ante apicem nigro-fuscis; abdomine

testaceo, pedibus flavis, tibiis externe, femoribus anticis

et posticis magis minusve infuscatis.

Long. 3—4 lin.

Head with a fine raised line from the crown to the

clypeus in front, and in this part longitudinally subrugose.

Antenne fuscous, basal joint yellow. Front of the thorax

with a few ruge and punctures. LElytra finely and sub-

serlate punctate at the base, the apical half scarcely visibly

punctured} but clothed with fine grey downy pile, the

margin near apex with ashy pile.

Hab.—Kga and Para (Bates); coll. Fry and Gorham.

Obs.— This species is recorded by Mr. Bates as having

the habits referred to under L. Chevrolati.

Epiphleus terzonatus, n. sp.

Rufo-testaceus, thoracis disco antice, pectore, elytrisque

fasciis tribus, macula prope basin, et margine (humero

excepto) nigro-piceis; pedibus pallidis, tibiis omnibus

248 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s descriptions of

externe, femoribus.anticis et posticis, subtus, nigro-notatis.

Antennis fuscis, articulo basali flavo.

Long. lin. 3i1—33.

Hab.—Ega (Bates); coll. Fry and Gorham.

Var. A. Thorace fusco, margine antico rufo, fascia

secunda latiore. Ega and village of S. Paulo, Amazon.

Var. B. Thorace toto fusco, antennis articulis primo

et nono testaceis. Ega and S. Paulo, Amazon. Also

from Mexico; coll. Gorham.

Obs.—A species agreeing with the type of my descrip-

tion stands in the Brit. Mus., named “ tomentosus, Spin.”

His description, however, does not agree with the present

insect, and is referred by Spinola himself to varzegatus,

Klug.

It is a variable species, and I should have been inclined

to consider var. B. distinct had I only seen Mexican speci-

mens. The coloration of the antenne in this variety

resembles that of setulosus, Thoms. An example in

Mr. Fry’s collection is intermediate between this and the

type having the base of the antennz with the ninth joint

yellow and the disk only of the thorax dark.

Epiphleus capitatus, n. sp.

Niger, subnitidus, capite pedibusque flavis his tibiis et

tarsis anticis et intermediis femoribus anticis etiam subtus

infuscatis ; elytris striato-punctatis.

Long. vix 3 lin.

_Allied to sertceus, Klug., but smaller and more parallel.

The thorax is of the same colour as the elytra, which are

leaden-black, without any violet tinge as in sericeus, the

deep seriate punctuation of which will also distinguish

this and the following from that species.

Hab.—Kiga, Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry. =

Epiphleus nitidus, n. sp.

Testaceus, pectore, antennis, thoracis margine antico,

elytris tibiis tarsisque quatuor primis nigro-fuscis ; elytris

parallelis, striato-punctatis, pube brunneo tenuiter vestitis.

Long. 2? lin.

Rather smaller than the preceding, and easily distin-

euished by the yellow thorax and body.

Hab.—Ega and Para (Bates); coll. Fry.

new species of Cleride. 249

PLOCAMOCERA, Spinola.

Type, P. sericella, Spin.

Some of the specimens found by Mr. Bates on the

Amazon are fully twice as large as typical ones, being

3 lines long, but I can find no eines specific diterence!

Chey. refers humeralis, Sp., to Plocamocera with

doubt; it is an E’ptphleus.

A specimen received from him as Plocamocera militaris,

Chev., is Kpiphleus sericeus, Klug.

IV. HYDNOCERIDES.

SYNOPSIS OF GENERA.

A. Club of antenne two-jointed 5¢ 5c -. Hydnocera.

AA. Club of antennz three-jointed.

a. Antenne apparently eight-jointed .. .. Lllipotoma.

aa. Antenne eleven-jointed; club distinct.

b. Thorax constricted before and behind ° -. Lsolemidia.

Lemidia.

bb. Thorax little constricted in front .. { Emmepus.

Theano.

aaa. Antenne eleyen-jointed ; club not distinct.

c. Elytraentire .. be oe se { ree

ce. Elytra abbreviated oc oe oe ee Paupris.

Evenus, Castelnau.

Type, F. filiformis, Cast.

Lemipt1A, Spinola.

Type, L. nitens, Newman.

It is astonishing how species of Cleridz not even refer-

able to the Hydnocerides have been described as Lemidia,

apparently from a resemblance in the form of the head.

All the Lemidie yet known are from Australia or

Tasmania; and I see no reason to expect it will be found

elsewhere, unless it be in New Zealand.

TRANS, ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IU. (OCT.) S

250 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s descriptions of

Lemidia albofasciata, Thoms. G. & H. Cat. p. 1748.

cyanea, Thoms. G. & H. loe. cit.

, dorsalis, Thoms. G. & H. loc. cit.

I have not seen these, but they belong without doubt to

Callimerus, Gorh., Cistula Ent. 1876, p. 64.

Thomson recites the generic formula for Lemidia, but

points out the affinity with C. dulcis, Westw., in which the

eyes are deeply cut out.

Lemidia carissima, Pascoe. Journ. of Ent. 1. 48.

A specimen of this in my collection has the sutural

angle of the elytra spined as in biaculeata, Westw. It is,

I suspect, the male.

Lemidia hilaris, Newm. Zool. 1843, p. 119. [ Clerus. ]

It is impossible to understand why Mr. Westwood

suppressed this name in favour of a new one of his own

corallipennis (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 47), unless it

was that he conceived it clashed with Tvllus hilaris,

White, Cler. App. p. 48. In that case, it was hilaris

(Westw.), White, that should sink, Newman’s hilaris

being six years older. ‘The two insects belong to different

genera (see ante, p. 62), the present insect being, accord-

ing to the type in Major Parry’s collection, a true

Lemidia. It may be convenient to observe here, that the

species described by White in the Museum Catalogue,

1849, must be referred to that author, though Mr. West-

wood has appropriated the authorship of them in his later

descriptions and plates (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852). Also

that, in the latter place, they are not referred to genera

which had then been characterized, except in a very

speculative and misleading manner.

Dr. Le Conte’s prefatory remarks (Synopsis of the Cle-

ride, Ann. Lye. of Nat. Hist., New York, 1849, v. 9—35)

on the inconvenience of descriptions, without reference to

the work of preceding authors, was surely prophetic.

“ Considering the rapidity with which unknown species

—too likely in most cases to remain unknown—are named

and diagnosed ‘ pour prendre date,’ want of zeal is not to

be numbered among the faults” of sweceeding authors.

Lemidia inanis, Germ. = Metabasis accinctus, Newm.

[ Thanasimus], Cistula loc. cit., p. 75.

new species of Cleride. 251

Lemidia insolata, Pascoe. Journ. of Ent. i. 48 = Calli-

merus, id. Cist. loc. cit., p. 67.

Lemidia xanthozona, Chev. Rev. et Mag. de Zool.,

1874, p. 70 = L.accinctus, Newm., Metabasis, Gorh.

(vide Chev. Mémoire, 1876, p. 7).

Lemidia pulverosa, Chey., and L. semilutea, Chev., loc.

cit. These species from India are no doubt Calli-

merz, and not associable with Hydnocerides.

Lemidia rufa, n. sp.

Rufo-testacea, capite thoraceque vix nitidis elytris

nigris subseriatim punctatis subrugosis, basi tenuiter, et

fasciis duabus nec suturam nec marginem attingentibus

(fere ut in Lemidié nitente dispositis), flavis, corpore supra

pedibusque | setosis.

Long. 2? lin.

In form “ead pattern of the elytra allied to L. nitens,

but smaller. ;

Hab.—South Australia.

A single specimen in Mr. Fry’s collection.

Lemidia obliquefasciata, n. sp.

Nigra, nitida, thorace (disco infuscato), abdomine

(apice excepto), pedibus anticis et intermediis, elytris

linea parva basali, fascia mediana, sat lata, obliqua, inter-

dum etiam macula minutaé apicali croceis; elytris sub-

rugose punctatis, punctorum seriebus juxta suturam pau-

lulum substriatis.

Long. 2? lin.

Smaller and narrower than festiva, W estw. (Hope), from

which the chief points of difference are that the fascia is

narrower and obliquely directed from the margin towards

the apex, the apical spot is usually quite wanting, the

disk of the thorax has a dark spot; in the more brightly-

coloured examples the front and middle legs are entirely

yellow, in darker ones all the femora are infuscate.

Hab.—N. W. Australia, Freemantle; coll. Fry and

Gorham.

252 Rev. H. 8S. Gorham’s descriptions of

Lemidia dia, n. sp.

Rufo-testacea, subnitida, parce pubescens pectore ely-

trisque nigris, his basi anguste, fascia mediana, apiceque

leete aurantiacis, femoribus posticis in medio, tibiarum

apice et tarsis infuscatis.

Long. 23 lin.

Head and thorax red, with a few sete; of the same

width, and equal to that of the elytra at their base; the

latter widened to near the apex, with series of large, irre-

gularly-shaped punctures not very closely packed and

ceasing before the apex. Their base is entirely red, this

colour extending to the humerus and a little way down

the margin; the central fascia is entire, and wider at the

suture, the marginal plica being nevertheless black. Apex

rather widely red. A beautiful and very distinct little

species.

Hab.—W. Australia (De Boulay).

A single specimen; coll. Fry.

Lemidia interrupta, n. sp.

Nigra, subnitida, parce subpubescens, capitis fronte,

antennis, palpis, thorace, elytrorum basi, limbo usque ad

medium tenuiter, macula in medio marginis triangulari,

apiceque sanguineis ; pedibus anticis rufis, intermediis et

posticis nigris, illis genubus rufo-piceis.

Long. 2—2} lin.

A very distinct species, rather shorter and wider than

the preceding, the elytra are closely punctured in series

terminating before the apex, the extent of the red markings

varies a little in the two examples I have seen; the

marginal plica is red below the shoulder and near the

apex; the middle fuscia being represented by a triangular

spot on the margin with the apex towards the suture.

Hab.—W. Australia (De Boulay), Freemantle; coll.

Fry and Gorham.

Lemidia maculicollis, n. sp.

Rufo-testacea, corpore subtus nigro, prothorace punctis

quatuor nigris, duobus discoidalibus, duobus juxta margi-

nem posticam; elytris crebre punctato-striatis, pube brevi,

new species of Cleride. 253

setisque nonnullis vestitis, basi late, macul& apicali in-

distincte rufis, fascid mediana lunuliforme cum hac con-

juncta interdum etiam ornaté; femoribus basi (posticis

fere totis) fuscis.

1 93 1]

Long. 2i—2? lin.

Parallel, somewhat elongate, apparently variable from

the two specimens before me. Thorax with two spots

below the anterior constriction, and in one example (the

type), with two others near the base; elytra in the type

with the base broadly red, the remainder, with the ex-

ception of an ill-defined spot near the apex, of a dusky

leaden hue, the extreme apical margin white. In the

second example the humerus is tipped with black, the

entire margin, apex, and a lunulate fascia, with the suture

between it and the subapical spot red.

Hab.— Australia, Moreton Bay; coll. Fry.

Var.— Apicalis.

Preecedenti simillima, prothorace immaculato, elytris

macula marginali post medium albida signatis.

Long. fere 3 lin.

Hab.—Moreton Bay; coll. Fry.

Possibly a distinct species, but I think only a variety

of maculicollis being most nearly allied to the typical

form; the femora are all black in their middle; the abdo-

men has three or four segments more or less rufous.

Lemidia elongata, n. sp.

Elongata subparallela, nigra, subnitida, ore, antennis,

palpis, femorum basi, tibiis, tarsisque testaceis (abdomen

deest); elytris nigro-piceis, crebre subseriatim punctatis,

fascia abbreviata post medium paulo distincta ferrugined.

Long. 3 lin.

Head with the eyes very prominent, as wide as the

elytra, finely granulated ; crown with very obsolete impres-

sions. Thorax longer than wide, sides very much widened,

and rounded,impressed; disk, uneven, impressed before and

behind. Elytra elongate, a narrow yellow line on their

base from the shoulder to near the scutellum. The punc-

tuation is serial, nevertheless becoming irregular both ex-

ternally, and near the base ; punctures often confluent.

Hab.—S. Australia; coll. Fry.

254 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s descriptions of

Obs.—The species in this section resemble Hydnocere

more than their congeners do; they may easily be recog-

nized by their three-jointed club of the antennz.

Lemidia sub-enea, n. sp.

Elongata subparallela, senea vel nigro-violacea sub-

nitida, fronte antennis palpis pedibusque | palhide flavis.

Long. 33 lin.

Head with the eyes very prominent, as wide as elytra;

owing to their size the crown appears somewhat depressed.

Thorax uneven, finely but obsoletely punctured, the sides

widened and rounded, but not so suddenly as in the pre-

ceding. Elytra very finely and closely punctured, not

serially, clothed with a fine, short pubescence ; underside

of the same colour as above.

Hab.—New South Wales, Fry; Tasmania, in my own

collection (e Mus. Saunders).

Obs.—Though the two specimens differ in colour, that

from Australia being brassy-green, that from Tasmania

black with a violet tinge; they agree so precisely in details

I have no doubt they are one species.

Eumede eraria, Pascoe, Ann. and Mag. N. H. xvii.

Jan. 1876. The distinction Mr. Pascoe gives for sepa-

rating his type from Lemidia is not very satisfactory. The

eye in Lemidia is not really entire, a small sinus close to

the base of the antennz being distinctly visible in most

species; and there is nothing in the geographical habitat

to preclude the supposition that his species belongs to the

present seetion of Lemidia. Concerning the eye, vide.

Lac. Genera des Col. IV. 470.

Lemidia filiformis, n. sp.

Precedenti affinis sed magis linearis; elongata, paral-

lela, eneo-cuprea, subpubescens, fronte, antennis, palpis,

pedibusque, rufis; thoracis disco subrugoso, elytris crebre

irregulariter punctatis.

Long. 23 lin.

Head, crown thickly punctured, face red. Thorax with

the sides widened in the middle and rounded, but not so

strongly as in sub-enea; about half as wide again as

long. Elytra scarcely as wide as the eyes, very parallel

and elongate; thickly and evenly punctured, with grey

new species of Cleride. 255

depressed pubescence, and erect hairs; humerus a little

prominent. Legs, antennze and mouth entirely ferru-

gineous red.

Hab.—W. Australia(De Boulay); coll. Fry. Unique.

Lemidia suturalis, w. sp.

Elongata nigro-picea, nitida, parce pubescens, fronte,

antenhis, palpis, pedibus anticis et intermediis ferrugineis,

sutura, fasciaque mediana extus abbreviata, elytrorum

basi, limbo ad basin et « apicem tenuissime testaceis.

Long. 2—24 lin.

Head, excepting the crown, red. Hyes moderately

prominent. Elytra widened a little from the base, punc-

tate-striate, punctures detached and deep, suture rather

widely, and a fascia a little beyond the middle, which is

abbreviated to half the width of the elytra, testaceous;

base and margin yery narrowly yellow, except in the

middle, hind legs black, excepting the extreme tip of

femora and middle of tibiz.

Hab.—W. Australia (De Boulay); coll. Fry.

Lemidia pilosa, n. sp.

Cuprea, dense cinereo-pubescens, obsolete crebre punc-

tata, fronte, antennis, palpis, pedibusque pallide testaceis.

Long. 2 lin.

Head with the eyes moderately prominent. Thorax

sub-quadrate, sides angularly widened in the middle.

Elytra at base about equal in width to the eyes, widened

to extremity, their apical margin paler; the upper side is

of a delicate dove colour, saith a violet tinge, densely

clothed with depressed shining ashy pile.

Hab.— Australia (F reemantle) ; coll. Gorham.

Easily distinguished from any of its congeners known

to me, by the thick pile; the eyes are minutely cut out, and

the antennz clubbed just as in typical Lemidie.

Lemidia concinna, n. sp.

Nigra, nitida, glabra; fronte, antennis, palpis, femo-

ribus basi testaceis; elytris basi, fasciaque mediana, a sutura

interrupta albis, apice piceo-marginato.

Long. vix 2 lin.

Head, with the face and mouth organs, testaceous.

Antennz, club four-jointed, stout. Thorax with the sides

256 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s descriptions of

rounded, lobate, a deeply-impressed constriction in front

and before the basal margin; surface exhibiting setee but

not punctures. Hlytra shining, uneven from shewing

traces of very obsolete punctures. The basal white margin

is wider near the scutellum, and the fascia is curved with

its convex side towards the base, and is raised and quite

glabrous.

Hab.— Australia, New South Wales; coll. Fry.

Obs.—The smallest Lemidia yet known to me, and very

distinct by its shining black colour and white markings.

It reminds one of certain small species of Dromius.

Lemidia bifurcata, n. sp.

Supra flavo-testacea, subtus nigra, capite toto cum

antennis et palpis flavo; thoracis lateribus, scutello, ely-

trorum lateribus (maculis duabus vel uncibus, suturam

non attingentibus annexis), nigris; elytris seriatim punc-

tatis, pedibus pallidis.

Long. 2 lin.

Apparently nearly allied to pectoralis, White (to which

I refer a species in Mr. Fry’s collection from S. Australia),

and from which it differs in the sides of the thorax being

black. The elytra are very little wider behind than at

their base, margined with black, and with two triangular

spots pointing obliquely towards the suture and apex,

united with the margin, of the same colour. The abdomen —

is quite black.

Hab.—W. Australia (De Boulay); coll. Fry.

Lemidia labiata, n. sp.

Nigra, nitida, fronte, antennis, palpis, pedibus, elytris

vitta juxta suturam, maculaque apicali flavis.

Long. 13 lin.

Var. Brunnea, supra testacea thoracis disco, humero,

elytrisque disco guttis duabus indeterminate fuscis.

Long. 2+ lin.

Head with the eyes not very prominent, crown black,

impunctate, shining. Thorax in the type black, con-

stricted before and behind, sides rounded, narrowed behind.

Elytra with distinct and deep punctures, which are thicker

at the sides, with a vitta from the base to about two-

thirds their length, indented on its outer margin, and a

new species of Cleride. 257

small apical spot yellow, with a rosy tint. Legs entirely

yellow.

The variety is larger, thorax with the disk only infus-

cate, the elytra nearly entirely pale, the punctuation not

so distinct, and is probably not so matured an individual.

fab.— Australia, Freemantle; coll. Gorham.

Lemidia plumbea, n. sp.

Elongata, subcylindrica, nigro-plumbea, fronte, palpis

labialibus, femorum basi, tibiis, tarsisque rufis, elytris sub-

nitidis, confuse crebre punctatis.

Long. 3? lin.

Leaden-black, elongate, thickly clothed with grey pile,

thorax and head with erect sete, antenne and maxillary

palpi fuscous, front of the head, labial palpi, base of the

femora, tibize, and tarsi red, the apex of the hind tibiz

and their tarsi being pitchy. Sides of the thorax mode-

rately rounded and narrowed behind, the constricted lines

hardly apparent; disk irregularly punctured, the width

equal to the head, length half as much more. Elytra

thickly and irregularly punctured, widened behind, mode-

rately convex. Underside black.

Hab.—S. Australia; coll. Fry.

Obs.—Though abnormally convex, and more pubescent

than usual in this genus, and larger than any other known

to me, there are no differences which would warrant its

generic separation. The palpi, antennz and tarsi are

perfectly agreeable to those of LZ. nitens, and it is not

very dissimilar to the species of the subenea and pilosa

group.

ISOLEMIDIA, genus novum.

Type, I. pulchella.

Hab.—Americam australem, Amazonia.

Caput prothorace latiore, oculis magnis prominentibus,

minute excavatis; antennis quasi Lemidia, clava triarticu-

lata; palpis maxillaribus apice truncato, subfiliformibus,

labialibus securiformi.

Pronotum subcylindricum, antice et postice constrictum,

lateribus medio lobato-dilatatis.

Elytra, apice truncato (pulchelle) vel integro.

Tarsis quinque-articulatis, articulo basali obsoleto,

secundo articulum primum obtegente.

258 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s descriptions of

The present genus is very close to Lemidia, and those

who think a genus so restricted in geographical range, as

that appears to be in the Hastern hemisphere, can reappear

in a longitude and latitude where conditions of life are

so very different, will probably see no good reason for its

separation. Yet so many insects have been referred to

Lemidia which have no connection with it generically, that

I am disinclined to add to the number even where the

characters are very similar, from so improbable a habitat.

There is, moreover, a very different facies in the beautiful

little Clerids, which I connect under a name designed to

express their parallelism to the Australian type. The

only specimens I have seen are in Mr. Fry’s collection,

and were collected by Mr. Bates, with the exception of

one, 7. subtilis, discovered by Mr. Fry at Rio, which is,

however, doubtfully associated with them. The most

obvious differences between these insects and Lemidie

(apart from their very singular coloration) are the com-

parative largeness of the eyes, the more cylindrical and

more deeply-constricted prothorax, the much less ob-

vious and more atrophied basal joint of the tarsi, and, it

I am not deceived, the truncate apex of the maxillary

palpi.

Isolemidia pulchella, n. sp.

Elongata, sub-parallela, ferruginea, nitida, capite et

prosterno fusco-piceis, elytris nigris, obsolete punctato

striatis, apice rotundato-truncatis; basi, regione scutellari,

macula juxta suturam et basin, fasciéque subapicali lete

viridibus, lucidis; antennis (apice excepto) tibiisque viri-

dibus, corpore supra et infra, pedibusque setis nonnullis

vestitis.

Long. 33 lin.

Head wider than thorax; eyes large, very prominent,

finely facetted, front hollowed between them; epistoma

with an obscure red spot; mouth pitchy, maxillary palpi

red, labial red, with the hatchet-shaped terminal joint

greenish. ‘Thorax longer than wide, a well-defined con-

stricted line in front, and equally constricted but not so

sharply behind, sides widened, rounded. LElytra shining

black, the entire base narrowly, the space round the scu-

tellum (which is black) a spot posterior to this, and a

fascia about a third from the apex, of a beautiful light

emerald green; the fascia externally shades into blue.

new species of Cleride. 259

Legs red. Tibiz greenish. Antenne green, with the two

apical joints brown.

Hab.—Kiga, Amazon; “ found clinging to slender dead

twigs” (H. Bates); coll. Fry.

Tsolemidia Batest.

Elongata, elytris oblongis, nigra, nitida, elytris punc-

tato-striatis maculé minuta scutellari, fascidque lata extus

abbreviata leete viridi-ceruleis, apice ferrugineo, palpis

pedibusque obscure olivaceis, antennis, femoribus, et tibiis

posticis fuscis.

Long. 2: lin.

Head with the eyes much wider than the thorax (which

is not so much widened at the sides as in the preceding

species), front impressed but not much excavated. Thorax

half as long again as wide, constricted before and behind

(as in pulchella). Elytra at the base, of the width of the

head, widened considerably to near the apex, which is

rounded, more convex and shorter than pulchella ; punc-

tures and striz obsolete, but the former distinct as black

dots on the blue-green fascia, which takes the form of

a transverse square spot, and is much larger in one of the

two specimens than in the other, apex ferrugineous red

(in the smaller specimen only narrowly so). Legs oliva-

ceous, middle femora, posterior femora and tibiz black.

Hab.—Amazon, village of 5. Paulo (Bates); coll. Fry.

Isolemidia apicalis, n. sp.

Elongata, elytris oblongis, rufo-picea, nitida, occipite,

thoracis linea dorsali et lateribus, femoribus posticis medio,

elytris (apice excepto) et corpore toto subtus nigro-piceis ;

pedibus anticis fere totis, tibiis tarsisque posticis viridibus.

Long. 23 lin.

Allied to the preceding, but of a more or less dilute

pitchy-red. Form very nearly the same as in Bates?,

puncturing of the elytra very obsolete; the latter are

pitchy-black, with a very small, ill-defined, yellowish-

green spot on the base near scutellum, the apex broadly

pitchy-red.

Hab.—Kga, Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry.

Isolemidia? subtilis, n. sp.

Filiformis, nigro-picea, nitida, capitis fronte, antennis,

260 Rev. H. S. Gozham’s descriptions of

palpis, pedibus, elytrorum basi, margineque toto, et fascia

mediana flavis.

Long. 2 lin.

Head wider than thorax, equal to the elytra at their

base, the crown pitchy, but the yellow of the front extends

around the eyes. Thorax elongate, equally constricted

before and behind, sides moderately widened and rounded.

Elytra widened a very little to the apex, scarcely showing

any trace of punctures or stria: pitchy with their base, a

middle fascia, and the apex yellow, the margin narrowly

of the same colour.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro; captured by Mr. Fry.

Obs.— A delicately-formed insect reminding one of

certain Hydnocere, e.g. H. virescens, described hereafter ;

nevertheless the antenne, though very gradually thickened,

have a three-jointed club.

HypnocrrAa, Newman.

Type, H. pallipennis, Say.

Hydnocera bella, Westw. G.& H. Cat. p. 1749. This

is a Lemidia with very little doubt.

Hydnocera scabripennis,Gemm. G. & H. Cat. p. 1749.

Cannot remain here ; Hydnocera is essentially an American

oenus.

Hydnocera marginata, n. sp.

Pallide testacea elytrorum margine, sutura pedibus

externe, antennarum clava, scutello, abdomineque piceis,

elytris postice angustatis, abbreviatis, valde punctatis,

limbo externo juxta apicem minute serratis, apice recte

truncato.

Long. 3 hn.

Head wide, crown smooth, shining, ferruginous ; mandi-

bles a little darker, mouth and palpi clear yellow-red;

antenne with the club, i.e. the last two joints, pitchy.

Thorax red, the lateral margin alone pitchy in front, nar-

rowed behind, sides widened just behind anterior con-

striction, disk uneven, shining. Elytra pale yellow,

coarsely and irregularly punctured, the entire margin,

apex, and suture narrowly pitchy, but not the base;

humerus and scutellum pitchy ; the elytra in this and the

following species are very flat, their sides straight, con-

tracted from the base to the apex, which is cut off nearly

new species of Cleride. 261

straight. Legs pale, femora more or less margined and

clouded with pitchy; tibiz darker at their base, and partly

margined.

Hab.— Aceytuna, Guatemala (O. Salvin); at an eleva-

tion of 5,100 feet.

Hydnocera Guatemale, n. sp.

Nigro-picea, nitida, ore, antennis, palpis, pedibusque

flavis ; elytris pallidis, sutura antice, macula mediana tri-

angulari communi, humero, et apice piceis; thoracis mar-

gine antico et postico tenuissime albido-flavis.

Long. 24 lin.

Head wide, crown shining, clothed with short depressed

hairs; mouth and antenne entirely pale. Thorax shining,

irregularly punctured, widened below anterior constriction,

narrowed behind, the front and hind margins pale testa-

ceous. Llytra coarsely punctured, shining’ pale whitish-

yellow; the humerus, a triangular spot on the suture (its

angles scarcely reaching the margin), and an apical spot

(round internally) with the suture itself in front black or

pitchy; apex truncate, sutural and marginal angles ser-

rate, legs entirely pale, body pitchy black.

Hab.—Guatemala (Salvin), alt. 5,000 feet.

Obs.—Allied to H. pallipennis, Say (serrata, Newm.),

distinguished by the larger size, thorax with pale mar-

gins, coarser punctuation and form of markings.

Hydnocera flavifemorata, n. sp.

Y 3

Nigro-cyanea, nitida, distincte punctulata ; elytris nigro-

SD ’ p) 2 5

piceis, macula basali fasciaque mediana sutura interrupta

albidis; pedibus nigro-piceis, femorum basi pallidis, ore

cum antennarum basi testaceis.

Long. 3 lin.

Allied to cincta, Spin.; distinguished by the pale spot

on base of elytra, larger size, and blue tint of head and

thorax.

Hab.—Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry.

Hydnocera pallipes, n. sp.

Nigro-cyanea, nitida, capite thoraceque minute punc-

tatis ; elytris basi, macul&é mediana pedibus (tibiis posticis

nigris) testaceis.

Long. 3 lin.

Closely allied to preceding species, but with the legs

262 Rev. H. 8S. Gorham’s descriptions of

almost wholly pale, the four posterior tibiz alone being

dark at their base. ‘The elytra have a bluish tint and are

distinctly and evenly punctured; the shoulders and base

broadly rusty-red, a central fascia red reaching the margin

but interrupted by the suture; apex scarcely serrate their

whole surface clothed with yellow down.

Hab.— Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry.

_ Hydnocera rufithorar, n. sp.

Ferruginea, nitida, elytris (basi excepto, fasciaque

mediana albida interrupta), femorum medio, tibiis, ab-

domineque nigro-piceis.

Long. 2 lin.

Allied to the preceding; the red head and thorax and

smaller size will easily distinguish it.

Hab.— Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry.

Hydnocera virescens, 0. sp.

Elongata, ferruginea, thorace, pedibus, elytrisque sub-

virescentibus; elytris apicem versus ampliatis obsolete

striatis, impunctatis, nitidis, medio subfasciatis.

Long. 23 lin.

This species and the one following resemble in form

those of the genus Jsolemidia, but the structure of the

antennee is that of typical Hydnocere. LKyes wide, pro-

minent; thorax constricted equally before and behind,

sides lobed. LElytra of the width of the head at the base,

widened evenly and gradually to near the apex.

Legs clear, sea-green; antenne greenish-yellow at the

base.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro (Fry); Parana, coll. Gorham.

HHydnocera olivacea, n. sp.

Picea vel rufo-picea, nitida ; elytris pedibusque viridi-

olivaceis, illis macula parva basali, fasciaque obliqua, nec

suturam nec mar ginem attingente carmineo-rufis.

Long. 2? lin.

Head and underside dark pitchy-brown; thorax pitchy-

red, disk with a double costa, subtuberculate, elongate,

sides lobed; elytra shining, impunctate olive-green, with

-a round basal spot, and a fascia obliquely directed from

near the margin to the suture pinkish-red.

Legs green.

new species of Cleride. 263

Hab.—Parana; coll. Gorham.

Obs. A species reminding one of certain E’piclines of

Chevrolat’s section Dereutes.

Var. ? Olivacea, thorace subrufa, elytris basi juxta

suturam, fasciaque obliqua albidis.

Hab. Parana; coll. Gorham.

Emmerus, Motschulsky.

Type, E. arundinis, Mots.

ELLIPoroMa, Spinola.

Type, £. tenutformis, Spin.

The antenne, as Spinola observes, have but eight joints

really distinct, and it appears probable to me that he was

probably deceived as to the subdivisions of the fifth appa-

rent jot, and that the genus ought to be characterized

as having eight apparent, but really eleven, joints to the

antennw. The tarsi are probably also defectively de-

scribed, but I have not seen the species in any collection.

ALLELIDEA, Waterhouse.

Type, A. ctenostomoides, Wat.

The elytra are serrate at the apex.

THEANO, Castelnau.

Type, 7. pusilla, Cast.

The very small size,—half a line,—should cause this

Columbian genus to be recognized. - I have not seen it.

Paupris, Sharp (Ent. Mag. 1877, p. 271).

Type, P. aptera, Sharp.

The tout ensemble of characters of this anomalous genus

bring it, as I think, more into harmony with the Hy dno-

cerides than with Opilo and its allies. The coarse gra-

nulation of the eyes is only of secondary importance;

whereas the shortening of the elytra and strong difference

in the palpi has its correlative here.

Se ay

Sig higk Sie ole oath Nee MAME

ene,

et =

( 265 )

XIX. On the variation of Rhopalocerous forms in South

Africa. By J. P. Manset W2xAtxs, B.A., Oxon.

[Read July 4th, 1877.]

THESE notes must be prefaced by the remark that my

knowledge of Entomology and Botany has been prin-

cipally derived from personal study of South African

forms in the field, with such assistance as I could procure

from a limited library and correspondence. ‘The state-

ments made are for the most part statements of observed

facts carefully studied on the spot, and illustrated by

specimens entirely of my own collection and by drawings

from nature. Whenever deductions are made I shall be

careful to distinguish these, and will give the reasons upon

which they are based.

Having travelled over a considerable portion of the

eastern districts of the Cape Colony and the Free State,

and having resided during’ several years in three distinct

localities, viz., Port Elizabeth, Bedford, and near King

Williamstown, I have had the advantage of personally

noting the physical peculiarities of these districts in par-

ticular, and their general relation to the country adjoining.

If hitherto the course of study has been in my case

discursive and superficial rather than special, I feel that

in hereafter thoroughly working out and investigating any

group I shall possess a wider grasp of the intercalating

conditions modifying the units which compose it, than

can an ex-African specialist, who has been unable to note

the difficult and complicated relations between the climate,

soil, flora and insect fauna of South Africa.

I have been struck, in some cases, with the close inter-

dependence between variations of insects and variations in

the flora, which I believe to be due largely to modifications

of the latter by climate and soil. For instance, Acacia

horrida has a very extensive range, being found along the

watercourses of the most arid inland districts, and also

being spread widely over the moister grass lands of the

coast. Of all native shrubs it is probably the richest

habitat of insect life of almost all the orders. It varies

not merely in general appearance and growth, but also in

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART I. (OCT.) 7

266 Mr. J. P. M. Weale on the variution of

the size, luxuriance and form of the foliage; in the length,

colour and number of spines; being in some localities

nearly spineless, while in other localities the spines often

measure over 7 inches in length. The size of the glands

on the petioles, which are very attractive to some insects

on account of their secretions, also varies. The bark

differs in texture and colour, being sometimes pale grey,

sometimes almost black, and generally a rich raw-sienna

colour; sometimes smooth, and at other times extremely

rough. The number and kinds of insects, which avail

themselves of protective resemblances in like manner vary,

while the many-coloured and brilliant Cetoniide and allied

beetles, which frequent the blossoms, differ in the different

_ districts; the same is also noticeable in the Buprestide.

In some districts allied forms supplant partially this

plant, and have been described as specifically distinct;

this is especially noticeable in the neighbourhood of the

Kei River. Various species of Loranthacee in different

districts are parasitic on this plant, and their flowers are

highly attractive to some insects, at times, when the

Acacia itself is out of blossom.

Many of the Capparidee in like manner replace each

other, and I believe the larvee of Hronta Cleodora and

some Callosunes, the species of which are very variable,

feed on different forms.

I have noticed that in very dry seasons the larve of

some Lepidoptera, which usually feed on particular plants,

devour indiscriminately the leaves of plants belonging to

most dissimilar orders apparently without any bad effects.

Thus, in February of this year, I noticed a conspicuous

heterocerous caterpillar which usually feeds on Sideroxrylon

énerme, devouring the foliage of Schotia speciosa, Cap-

parts Zeyheri, Acacia horrida, and of a species of Rhus.

Some very widely-ranging species are noticeable for this

peculiarity, and in dry seasons this adaptability must be a

powerful aid to them in the struggle for existence. The

larva of Danais Chrysippus devours the foliage of most

of the Asclepiadee. Those of Pyramets Cardui live on

several Urticacee ; and although undoubtedly a feeder on

native plants, I have hitherto found the larvee of Jsmene

* florestan only on the foliage of Robinia pseud-acacia, an

American tree.

Roughly speaking, the flora of the Cape Colony may

at present be divided as follows :—

(1) The flora of the western districts; (2) the flora of

Rhopalocerous forms in South Africa. 267

the eastern districts; (3) the flora of the northern inland

districts; and (4) the immigrant sub-tropical coast flora.

All these divisions intrude on each other, and since the

republication of Harvey’s “Genera” many plants noted

there as western have been found to extend into the east,

while in like manner many noted as Natalian are found

far to the southward of Kafirland proper, between the

mountain chain and the seaboard.

Another rough division, made generally by the farming

population, is important as affecting insect life. The

coast land and the mountain tops consist principally of

what is known as the sour grass veld (the grasses abound-

ing in woody fibre and somewhat innutritious); interme-

diate between this and the sweet karroo or bush veld

(characterized by a dwarf serub scarce in grasses) is the

gebrokte or sweet grass veld, in which dwarf bushes and

grasses are very equally intermixed. This latter is charac-

terized by no definite district, occupying sometimes parts

adjoining the coast and sometimes parts inland; in the

one instance being visited by a slightly more and in the

other by a slightly less abundant rainfall than the adjoin-

ing country. ‘Thus plants and insects allied to those

chiefly peculiar to the seaboard are, occasionally to be

found inland, as it were on little islands or broken pro-

montories, and generally in the neighbourhood of some

spur of the mountain ranges. I have no doubt that in

wet seasons with southerly winds these localities are often

peopled by migrants from the seaboard, as at such times

I have noticed birds and insects migrating—seabirds

being blown far inland.

These general statements cannot be as yet thoroughly

demonstrated, but it is curious to note how on the sea-

board plants may be found in the river valleys either of

the same species or of forms allied to those of the mner

districts, while they are completely absent in the higher

ground adjoining, the plants of which may be described

as sub-tropical. Sometimes these differences are so sheht

as to be only distinguishable by a more luxuriant grow wth

or by the different texture and flavour of the foliag

difference sufficient to render them distasteful and noxious

to domesticated animals. Portulacaria Afra (Spekboom)

and some species of H'welee, greedily devoured in the drier

districts inland, appear even in dry seasons comparatively

distasteful to sheep on the coast. The introduced prickly

pear (Opuntia vulgaris), which forms large thickets in

268 Mr. J. P. M. Weale on the variation of

some districts, differs in growth and in the number of

prickles in some localities, and is said to have assumed

distinct varieties, being sometimes almost free from

prickles, and called by the farmers the Kaalblad, or naked

leaf.

I believe that more extensive researches will show that

the whole of the south-eastern seaboard is gradually being

upraised (a conclusion already confirmed by some South

African geologists), and that this upheaval has been ac-

companied on the seaboard by a moister climate suitable

to the immigrant flora and insect fauna of sub-tropical

South Africa. Hence it is that the few existing arboreal

forms of plants are only to be found in the patches of

forest clothing, the southward aspect of the mountains,

and the intervening tracts between them and the Indian

Ocean.

In the deeper valleys, which represent the river beds

of this tract, the plants show distinct relationships to

those of the interior plains; in some instances, this is

doubtless due to the transportation of seeds during floods,

and partially to the great heat and aridity of these low-

lying lands; but these conditions are absent in several

cases where the rivers have very short courses, and there-

fore the affinity of these local floras appears to me to

point out that they are survivals of the original inland

flora, whose area has been gradually contracted.

So far as man is concerned, there can be little doubt

that the Abantu, or dark-coloured races (known commonly

as Kafir and Fingo) have driven the lighter races, or

Koi-hoin (Hottentots and Bushmen) to the south, and

curiously enough the traces of these last for the most part

survive only in the names of the rivers, most of which are

still known by Bushman names.

The Kafir tribes, too, being dependent on cattle and

sorghum for their sustenance, naturally avoided the in-

terior plains, and some of them show very distinctly the

fusion of the two races, not merely in their features, but

also in their language.

Without these preliminary remarks, it appears to me

difficult to understand the distribution and variation of

South African insect forms.

The great similarity of conditions (omitting those dis-

tinctions already alluded to); the absence of any large

rivers or of very lofty mountain chains (the average

height being less than 4,000 feet); of deep inlets of the

Rhopalocerous forms in South Africa. 269

sea, and of freshwater lakes forming impassable barriers;

the generally graduated and but little differentiated pecu-

liarities of climate, are highly favourable to the inroads

of variable forms; such as my friend, Mr. Trimen, has

shown, in the case of Papilio Merope, to be distinctly now

in process of creation.

The series of Papilio (Merope) Cenea, Trim., now ex-

hibited,—49 in number, consisting of 18 ¢s and 31 ¢s,—

shows insects raised from larvze, and insects collected in

every instance but one from a small gulley or hloof, as it

is colonially termed, isolated on an open grassy country,

and separated by at least four miles from any other bush

or forest.

Of the ¢s, six belong to the Trophonius form; three

to Hippocoon; one slightly intermediate between Hippo-

coon and Cenea, but nearer to Cenea; and one coloured

somewhat like Cenea, but showing approximations to

Trophonius and Hippocoon; the remaining twenty are

entirely or nearly of the Cenea form, with white spots on

the fore wing, in imitation of the prevailing variety of

Amauris E’cheria.

Of the specimens exhibited, five 9s were raised from

larve. Among these, one Cenea and two Trophonius

forms are the smallest I have seen, the Cenea measuring

less across the wings than do many A. Echerias. This

diminished size is probably due to the insects having been

reared in confinement, but it most strikingly illustrates

the imitation. I had hoped to have brought some living

specimens of the pupz to England, but shortly after my

former paper was written, I left my farm and went to

reside in another locality, where Merope was peculiarly

scarce, and a hurried search made on the trees, whence my

specimens were obtained, failed, probably on account of

the dryness of the past year, in discovering any.

The Hippocoon form is by far the rarest (vide Trans.

Ent. Soc., 1874), yet I believe that I once saw a specimen

of Amauris Niavius in the neighbourhood, although its

capture in Kafirland has not hitherto been recorded. The

Trophonius form appears in slightly larger proportions

than the last, and I attribute its scarcity to the fact that

Danais Chrysippus frequents thick bush much less fre-

quently than Amauris Echeria, which is essentially a

sylvan butterfly. The two specimens reared by me from

their reduced size strikingly illustrate their likeness to

D. Chrysippus.

270 Mr. J. P. M. Weale on the variation of

It has been objected by some persons that I have not

seen the Merope 9 depositing the eggs from which my

specimens were reared. I may remark that a careful’

search of my kloof failed in discovering more than a single

tree of Toddalia (vepris) lanceolata. I must also own

that the objection appears to me to be of rather a frivolous

nature, coming as it does from those who have been too

ready to separate into species insects but slightly different

from each other, and often from the inspection of single

specimens in collections. All the Papilios with which

I am acquainted in a state of nature deposit their eggs

singly—each generally on a separate leaf—and it would

be almost impossible to vouch for the parents of the indi-

vidual caterpillars, especially when the peculiar habits

of Merope 9, as described in my former paper, are taken

into account. The objectors appear to plead for “a long

day” ere the sentence of death is executed on their species,

and their demand appears almost as reasonable as if they

required that a lord chancellor or an archbishop should

vouch for the legitimacy of birth.

The causes of migrations yet require egrnetiilen able in-

vestigation, but I have often noticed that és of some

butterflies and of other insects appear to migrate farther

than the ?s—contrary to what one would suppose. I

never met with Merope ? at Bedford, but I believe I more

than once saw a 6, and Harma EKupithes supposed to be

the é of H. Alcimeda migrates in considerable quantities.

The male locusts often descend in large numbers to the

seaboard and sometimes pass out to sea, ; but the @s rarely

enter the Zuurveld, as it is called. Although I never

remember meeting with Toddalia (vepris) lanceolata, the

food plant of Merope, at Bedford, I think it is probably

found there, as are some of its close allies; and so far as

P. Nireus and Demoleus are concerned, their larvee appear

to me to feed freely on almost any of the Xanthorylacee,

Aurantiacee, as well as on some Umbellifere—Clausena

inequalis being often stripped of its foliage by larvee of

Nireus. A more important point would be the apparent

absence of Amauris Echeria from the Bedford forest.

I captured, however, a Papilio E'cherioides 8, and found

Nymphalis Xiphares ( Thyestes& ), both 8 and 9, common

there, as also in Kaffraria, an examination of the 9 of

which shows an evident tendency to the coloration of

A. Echeria.

The next series of insects exhibited are those of Acrea

Rhopalocerous forms in South Africa. 271

Esebria, Hew., and I may remark that every one of the

forms (not specimens) shown, has been raised by me from

larvee taken at random from one plant of a species of

Fleurya ( Urticacee): (1) markings in both wings white;

(2) markings in fore wings white, in hind wings yellow;

(3) markings in both wings yellow; (4) markings’ i in fore

wing's white, in hind wings brick-red; (5) markings in

fore wings yellow, in hind wings brick-red.

Some Stare I confined in a dark box, and found that

the coloration of the pupze (usually white with thin black

and orange markings) was materially altered and darkened,

SO as closely to resemble those of Acrea Horta, but the

imagines were as varied in colour as those raised under

ordinary daylight. This darkening of colour I have found

to be very common under the same circumstances in

pup belonging to different families of butterflies. Both

the larvee and pupe of those Acreas known to me are

found in conspicuous places without any attempt at

concealment.

I will next refer to a series of Junonias which exhibits

so close a gradation between the two extreme forms, and

a shght tendency towards another form, as to lead me to

the belief that no actual separation exists between at least

the two in nature. These variations are not confined to

the upper surface, and extend to the colour, markings,

and even form of both wings.

I believe entomologists have generally separated the

two as Junonia Pelasgis and J. Archesia. As I am at

present unacquainted with the larve I refrain from ex-

pressing a decisive opinion, and can only refer to the

evidence afforded by the specimens exhibited.

Those: which display in a marked manner the light-

coloured transverse bands of Pelasgis are for the most

part from the seacoast*or thereabouts, but not invari-

ably so, while the intermediate forms allied to Pelasgis,

though common inland, are also met with on the coast. __

I may remark, that Archesia is in the neighbourhood

of Bedford a commoner insect than Pelusgis, “though the

latter is by no means scarce, and is usually seen more fre-

quently in a wet season with southerly winds. On the

coast Pelasgis is, I think, distributed in somewhat greater

abundance than “Archesia. The relative numbers of the

two species vary in different years.

With respect to Archesia itself I would particularly

note the purple sheen very apparent on Kaflrarian speci-

272 Mr. J. P. M. Weale on the variation of

mens, the nervules dividing the transverse band of hind

wing especially exhibiting it, while it is altogether

absent from Bedford examples. ‘The markings extending

from the base of discoidal cell to the apex of fore wing, in

their bluer hue, together with the generally darker ground

of the upper surface of the wings, and a distinctly bronzy

sheen on the under surface, appear to me to show a ten-

dency in these Kaftrarian specimens to vary in the direc-

tion of Junonia Amestris, Trimen, although the line of

demarcation shows material differences in form and colour.

I have, however, seen specimens in other collections, col-

lected over a wider area than those in my possession, which

appeared to me to bridge over this gulf; and it is curious

to note that while Mr. Trimen, in his Rhop. Afr. Aust.,

notes the close relationship of these last species, I found

by correspondence, about the year 1868, that he was dis-

posed to doubt the close alliance between J. Pelasgis and

Archesia. Subsequent correspondence with that able

observer, Mrs. M. E. Barber, whose observations confirm

my views, and an examination of a long series of these

insects have, I believe, led Mr. Trimen to a somewhat

similar opinion.

In fact, a hurried examination of a lone series of Ju-

nonias in the South African Museum in Cape Town in-

duces me to suspect that a separation into distinct species

of some forms is, at present, in the absence of complete

knowledge of the earlier stages.and habits of these insects,

likely to result in vexation of mind and confusion of words

and their meanings.

If collectors, instead of hunting with a hungry ambition

for new species, were systematically to collect extensive

series of well-known forms over large areas, their re-

searches would result in most valuable knowledge as to

the external conditions which modify organic forms. The

disturbing conditions which large agricultural enterprises

must introduce are for the most part absent in some of

_the wider continental areas of South Africa, South America

and Australia, and it is from such localities that we may

anticipate great results.

It appears to me that the word “species” as applied to

insects and plants, which produce many offspring at a

time, in the presence of the extraordinary discoveries of

late years had better, so far as any definite meaning is

implied by it, remain in abeyance, or at all events be used

only in a provisional manner as an uncertain distinction

Lthopalocerous forms in South Africa. 273

of apparently important differences. The multiplication

of species and their barbarous names involves a considerable

waste of valuable time, and implies in some cases labour

lost in an ignis fatuus search for innumerable synonyms.

In some respects it retards biological progress, for many

persons who would gladly follow natural history pursuits,

are deterred by the formidable bibliographical folios, which

it is too often necessary to consult.

The next specimens exhibited afford an illustration of

some of these remarks.

In the “ Saturday Review” for 16th June, 1877, I find

the following remarks in reference to Mr. Darwin’s last

work: ‘ No absolute definition of species has ever been

found possible. What is called fixity of species is the

result of the continuity of external conditions. So long

as the biological conditions remain unchanged, there is no

reason why a species should vary.”

Yet in the face of these remarks I now present to the

Society one of the most curious cases of variation I have

yet met with.

In Mr. Trimen’s Rhop. Afr. Aust., Vol. I., is described

Anthocharis (Callosune) Keiskamma, Trim., a species

there noticed as not improbably capable of being classed

as a sub-species of C. Kvarne. Both of these butterflies

I have often seen in the neighbourhood of the Keiskamma

River, the former being especially abundant, in fact, the

whole valley of the Keiskamma is peculiarly prolific in

Callosunes. During the last three years I have been

staying about three miles from King Williamstown in the

valley of the Yellowwoods, and I was much struck by the

abundance of C. Keiskamma near a small group of bushes

from January to May, 1876, especially so, as I had not

met with the insect in the neighbourhood before. The

spot in question is about fifteen miles in a direct line from

the Keiskamma with high ground intervening. I cap-

tured that season about twenty or thirty of both sexes,

and wishing to discover the food plant I noticed that the

butterflies especially frequented a bush, which I had not

before noticed. This proved to be Cadaba Natalensis

( Capparidee), not hitherto, I believe, reported from the

South of Natal. The ¢s deposited their small, fluted,

orange-coloured eggs singly on the summit of the flower

buds. A chrysalis was also found on one of the outer

branches of a bright-green colour, and it proved to be that

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART III. (OCT.) U

274 Mr. J. P. M. Weale on the variation of

of C. Keiskamma. The larva, when first hatched, is of

a bright-orange colour, and penetrates the bud, where it

passes its first stage. It afterwards assumes a dull bluish-

green colour with lateral stripes of a paler colour, these

assimilate it to the pellucid margins of the small leaves of

the plant, whose general colour it resembles. The younger

caterpillars of Eronia Cleodora closely resemble the

mature larva of C. Ketskamma, but are more brightly

coloured in harmony with the foliage of Capparis Zeyheri,

one of its food plants. Most of my larvee of Keiskamma

were procured by beating, as it was most difficult to detect

them on the shrub. In raising chrysalids I was particu-

larly struck by the variations of their colour under different

conditions. These variations were not, however, followed

by any marked differences in the colour and form of the

imagines.

About this time I regret to say that I gave away most

of my specimens of this species to a Mr. Bailey, of Port

Elizabeth, under the impression that I could at any time

replace them, and being engaged in some other work I

neglected to collect this species until the end of 1876.

To my great surprise I found every insect captured on the

bush proved to be not C. Keishamma but C. Evarne,

which I had also not noted in the neighbourhood before.

Owing to the dryness of the season, these, however, were

scarce, and it was some time before I had an opportunity

of watching the ?s laying their eggs or of collecting the

larvee. By daily watching the bush, I had before leaving

in April last succeeded in collecting several, which were

exactly similar to the larvae obtained in the previous

autumn. I also saw the ¢ Evarne laying her eggs in pre-

cisely the same manner as did the 2? Keiskamma. ‘The

egos in like manner did not differ; and not merely were

the pup the same in shape and markings, but they pre-

sented the same liability to vary in colour as did those of

C. Keiskamma.

Up to the end of April last I never saw another specimen

of C. Keishamma, although the specimens of Evarne

round the bush in question were numerous. I think this

a most curious case, because, although the two insects

closely resemble each other, the differences relate not

merely to the colour of both wings on both surfaces and in

both sexes, but also to form.

Considering how closely many of the so-called species

of this group resemble each other, and how extremely

Rhopalocerous forms in South Africa. 275

variable are even the forms collected in a single locality, I

think that an instance such as this should make naturalists

pause before multiplying its nomenclature. Although I

am disposed to think that more careful observation will

show that this is not an isolated instance in the Pierina

group, it certainly would seem contradictory to the axiom

* Natura non facit saltum.”

I may remark that individuals of both forms vary much,

but in none of the instances collected by me do they show

any tendency to vary in the direction of the other form.

From what I have noticed in some other Piertde I am

inclined to think that the yellow coloration to which some

species are peculiarly subject depends in some way or

other on the dryness of the season. Specimens of P.

Severina and Mesentina (¢s) collected in dry seasons in

moist localities or in dry districts are generally deeply

coloured.

With reference to the changes in the colour of pupz

I believe a very wide field of research is open, and with

the improved modes of microscopical examination under

the spectroscope important revelations on the subject of

variation will be discovered.

I here give the results of some very rude experiments

on this subject.

Most of the specimens were reared in glass test tubes

exposed on coloured cards, in which they were partially

enveloped. They were constantly supplied with as little

food as possible, in order that their full exposure to the

colour should not be interfered with.

Pupz of C. Keishamma.

1.) On dead leaves away from light. Dark brown.

2.) On stem and on vermilion cards. Pale ochreous.

3.) On vermilion card. Pale bluish-green.

4.) Exposed on bush in nature and on yellow-gam-

boge cards. Bright green.

(5.) On glass tumbler. Pale yellowish-green.

(6.) On green (cobalt and gamboge). Ochreous,

(7.) On cobalt-blue. Greenish-white.

On a white surface, pupz of Kronia Cleodora became

so pale coloured as to be almost translucent, the marks on

the ventral aspect of the abdomen being almost obliterated,

and the bright yellow-green colour usually predominant

almost invisible. Pups of Danais Chrysippus in a state

of nature are most variable in colour.

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XX. Vivarium Notes on some common Coleoptera. By

J. W. SLATER.

[Read 5th September, 1877. ]

Ir may, perhaps, seem somewhat presumptuous to suppose

that anything of value can be learnt either concerning or

from such very common insects as those on which I am

about to speak. Still some, at least, of the facts I have

observed may have escaped notice; and the safer course,

therefore, is to lay them before the Society.

The first species to which I have to refer is the common

rose-beetle ( Cetonia aurata). I found one of these insects

as early as March 30th, and placed it in my vivarium.

As suitable flowers were not at hand I gave it slices of

apple, which, I may remark, may be used for the food of

very many species of beetles in captivity. It ate the fruit

very heartily, making long straight double furrows with

its mandibles, and licking up the juice with eagerness. As

soon as I could procure suitable flowers, such as hawthorn-

blossom, and, later in the season, roses and elder-blossom,

I placed these in the vivarium, when the apples were at

once neglected. The Cetonia went straight to the flowers,

erecting its antenne, and opening the leaflets of the club,

and proceeded to eat the pollen with greediness. It seized

the stamens sometimes with its fore-pair of legs, and, by

the united play of the mandibles, maxillz and palpi, brought

the pollen to its mouth. I never observed it eat the petals,

nor did it ever seem to search for honey. As the season

got later two more specimens of the species were placed in

the vivarium, but I could perceive not the slightest differ-

ence in their actions. I never saw them use their antennz

as organs of touch. When food was placed near them,

these appendages were flourished over it rather than ap-

plied to it, thus decidedly supporting the view that they

are organs of scent. The beetles took no notice whatever

of loud noises.

After being fed, especially on a bright day, they used

to fly about within the vivarium, their movements being

rapid but clumsy, and accompanied with a very loud hum-

ming. The excrement of these insects is semi-fluid, of a

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC. ) eS

278 Mr. J. W. Slater’s Notes

blackish-brown colour, and is ejected to the distance of

about 14 inch.

Though more lively on a bright day than in cloudy

weather, they often seemed annoyed by the direct light of

the sun, and would hide under leaves, flowers and even

under slices of apple. Occasionally I have seen them

moving about after sunset. At first, when captured, they

were very shy, and if touched used to counterfeit death,

but in course of time they became, to a certain degree,

tame, and ceased to show any alarm if placed upon a

fresh slice of apple, or if raised to their feet when they

had fallen upon their backs. In shamming death, they

generally assumed the uncouth attitude of the dung-beetles

when alarmed, but sometimes they folded their legs up

beneath the body, as is done by a Byrrhus when touched.

Whether there was any different meaning in these two

attitudes I have not been able to perceive. Indeed, con-

cerning this simulation of death, and the purposes which

it serves, we have still something to learn. We know

that it is a strataeem common to certain Coleoptera and.

to spiders,—that it is the more resorted to, the smaller are

the locomotive powers of the species,—and that its object

must be the escape from enemies. But against what

enemies can it serve as a safeguard? Many destroyers

of insects prey upon the living and the dead quite indis-

criminately, as, for instance, moles, hedgehogs, rats, mice

and birds. A Byrrhus, indeed, when shamming death,

might very easily be mistaken by predatory creatures for

a pebble or a small clot of dirt. But a Geotrupes, with

its legs stuck stiffly out, at once proclaims its organic and

animal nature to all comers.

Kirby and Spence, indeed, maintain that rooks will not

prey upon dead beetles, and that the Geotrupes may hence

often escape their attentions by simulating death. This

will seem @ priori improbable if we consider that birds of

the crow tribe are particularly given to preying upon dead

animal matter. But in addition to the mere improbability,

I have met with one direct instance to the contrary.

I have seen a dead Geotrupes lying on the ground, have

satisfied myself that it was actually dead, have noticed

afterwards some rooks busy about the place, and have

subsequently found the remains of the Geotrupes pecked

to pieces. I place the higher value upon this instance as

the rooks were not in captivity, and thus no one can urge

that their natural habits had been modified.

on some common Coleoptera. 279

Several specimens of Carabus violaceus and C. monilis

were also in the vivarium. Contrary to what might be

supposed, they also fed greedily upon pieces of apple, into

which they dug deep holes with their mandibles. But

the moment a small earth-worm was placed in the vivarium

the apple was abandoned, and the worm devoured. I

should be inclined to think that the genus Carabus is

omnivorous. On the other hand, I have never been able

to induce a Cicindela to take any vegetable food.

The “long-horns ” do not readily accommodate them-

selves to a life of captivity. On the 4th of June this

year I found Callidium violaceum in great abundance

near Aylesbury. If so disposed I could easily have taken

fifty or sixty upon a fir-wood railing about 150 yards in

length. I put several of them in my vivarium along with

some fir-wood, whose resinous juices they might imbibe,

and some half-decayed willow-wood in which they might

deposit eggs. They took no notice of either, but scam-

pered incessantly about till they perished from sheer ex-

haustion. Toxotus meridianus I found to be similarly

impatient of captivity. This insect seems to have a

remarkable power of resisting the fumes of prussic acid.

One of them placed in a killing-box well charged with

potassium cyanide, and in which a great variety of insects

succumbed immediately or within a few minutes of being

introduced, survived as long as did another specimen in

the vivarium.

The Yelephori cannot be studied in captivity, on

account of a similarly restless disposition.

These insects have long been known as carnivorous,

but I am not aware whether it is on record that they are

most diligent devourers of plant-lice. During the months

of June and July this year nettles were infested with

aphides to a remarkable extent, and it was difficult to turn

up two nettle-leaves without finding a Telephorus of one

or other species busy at work upon the depredators. In

this respect I should think that they are more serviceable

to the farmer and gardener than the lady-birds, being

more voracious, more active, and, on the average, more

numerous.

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XXI. Note on Mygale stridulans. By Prof. James

Woop-Mason.

[Read 5th September, 1877.]

Untit Westring had placed on record (in “ Naturhist.

Tidshrift,” vol. iv. 1842—43, p. 349; 11. 1846—49, p. 342;

et “ Aranez Suecice,” p. 184) his interesting discovery

that the males of several species of Theridion have the

power of making stridulating sounds, no single member

of the great class Arachnida was known in which stridu-

lating organs are developed. In 1876, I brought to

notice (in Proc. As. Soc. Beng. and Ann. and Mag. Nat.

Hist.), and ascertained the position and described the

structure of the apparatus in, the great stridulating Mygale

of Assam, discovered some years previously by Mr. 8. E.

Peal, who has furnished the following interesting account

of the circumstances under which the discovery was made,

and the accompanying spirited sketch of the animal in the

attitude it assumes when stridulating: “The noise made

is both peculiar and loud; it resembles that made by

pouring out small shot on to a plate from a height of a

few inches, or, better still, by drawing the back of a knife

along the edge of a strong comb. ‘The stridulation is

very distinct, and has a ring about it which I do not

notice in the Orthoptera, wherein it more closely resembles

a whistling sound. It is now some six years since I first

heard it, and under the following circumstances: some

Assamese were cutting out an old bamboo-clump, the

ground under which was dry and full of decayed roots

and of holes; white ants had made a nest there, and I

collected several ‘queens.’ While attending to these,

with my back to the clump, at a distance of some four or

five feet, I suddenly heard this peculiar noise, and, turning,

saw the man who was hoeing the mound making futile

blows with his hoe at a huge black spider that kept up

this curious sound; but, the ground fortunately being

uneven, none of the blows took effect, and I soon secured

the prize. On reaching the bungalow, I undid the cloth

in which it had hastily been secured, beneath an inverted

tea-sieve, to avoid the possibility of escape. On stirring

the cloth the spider ran out, whereupon my cat (which

had arrived upon the scene while the spider was still

hidden amidst the folds of the cloth, and had walked round

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.)

282 Mr. J. Wood-Mason’s Note on Mygale stridulans.

the sieve, smelling at it) pounced forward, possibly mis-

taking the prisoner for a mouse; but the spider, mstead

of retreating, ran round and round inside its prison, fol-

lowing the movements of the cat and stridulating louder

than ever. When thus roused, the spider usually rested

on the four posterior legs, raising the other four and

shaking them in the air, with the thorax thrown up almost

at right angles to the abdomen and the chelicere in rapid

motion—assumed, in fact, quite a threatening attitude.

The cat was much excited, and, had the spider been free,

would probably have seized it, while the latter would

equally probably have resented an attack by fastening on

the former’s muzzle. I was so taken by the whole affair

that I did not kill the spider till the following night, and

thus had many opportunities of verifying the foregoing

observations.”

The sound-producing apparatus in Mygale stridulans

has been found to consist of a comb, composed of a number

of highly elastic and indurated club-shaped chitinous rods

arranged close together comb-like on the inner face of the

basal joint of the palps, and of a scraper formed by an

irregular row of sharp erect spines on the outer surface of

the penultimate joint of the chelicerz ; and to be equally

well-developed in the two sexes, the first specimen met

with by Mr. Peal, indeed, having been a gigantic female.

In Westring’s spiders the apparatus consists “of a

serrated ridge at the base of the abdomen, against which

the hard hinder part of the thorax is rubbed, and of this

structure not a trace could be detected in the females.”

From the analogy of the Orthoptera and Homoptera, we

may, with Mr. Darwin and Professor Westring, “ feel

almost sure that the stridulation” made by these spiders

** serves either to call or to excite the female”; and if the

sounds serve this purpose in the Mygale also, they must

serve asa mutual call, the apparatus being present in both

sexes; but it seems probable, from Mr. Peal’s observations,

that they are also emitted by the spider in self-defence—to

render itself terrible in the eyes of its enemies, or, it may

be, from fear; perhaps, also, they are serviceable to the

animal for terrifying its prey; and, during its nocturnal

rambles in quest of food, for warning the creatures that

prey upon it of its dangerous and deadly nature, as I have

read suggested with regard to the porcupines (Hystrix

and Atherura) and, I believe, also respecting the rattle-

snakes, in all of which the rattle is equally well-developed

in the two sexes.

(203m)

XXII. Descriptions of new genera and of uncharacter-

Arsipoda fulvipes ..

Merens. 6

Wallacei

Pseudodera orientalis. .

Clitea (n. g.) picta ..

Systena ornata

Deyrollei ..

ceruleata ..

Phygasia limbata ae

Longitarsus concinnus

Buckleyi..

Fryellus..

Wallacei

capensis .

Docema collaris

Aprea (nu. g.) Jansoni

Aphthona chinensis ..

crassicornis

Pilatei S6

Deyrollei ..

diversa ..

verticalis ..

nigro-cyanea

fulvipes ..

5 amazona ..

Phyllotreta Jamaicaensis

malayana..

Downesi «+

Cheetocnema divergens

gravida..

Sallei

pallidicornis

Steinheili

separata. »

labiata ..

Haroldi..

amazona

braziliensis a0 oe

Blanchardi .

rugiceps .

Ellisii .. 0

parvula.. .

basalis .. 5

Westwoodi .

”

ized species of Halticine.

Jeong, 1h Datsy

_. [Read Nov. 7th, 1877.]

List OF SPECIES.

Co tt Ce I CY Cy Ck Oe ok

cee elie 6

OG, AU) Sree (Sey ne) (OC Bh ier (e. 16) (a0. 8. On (er 6 ete

Se ewie penne" eee te, (ee Sine e (Sje7.e., eh Ne Key ey 10) veuwie

m eye, ete, fee. leh te efeid) io we) fe set ee, ai (eye) 18.

a) Sere eles a eee) ie! 0 10) ie. (elton imp leice

1S se ce) Uae re se

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV.

By Josepy S8.

. Australia.

-» Mysol.

. New Guinea.

Bengal.

. India.

. - Jamaica.

- Brazil.

Amazons.

Lake N’Gami.

Mexico.

Ecuador.

Brazil.

Celebes.

Cape of Good Hope.

Western Australia.

Jamaica,

China.

Jamaica,

Mexico.

pero OG 6

”

ay, Issel

32)

Para.

e. Do.

». goamaica.

-- Celebes.

+» Bombay.

-- Campeche.

- Mexico.

0 ”

-. Jamaica.

-- Columbia.

-» Bogota.

e+ Columbia.

-- Bogota.

-- Amazons,

Brazil.

so» (Olavity

-. Madagascar.

”

Ceylon.

-. India.

.. Batchian,

(DEC. )

284 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

Chetocnema nitens .. bc oe -- Batchian.

p malayana 00 ve e- Malay Archipelago.

5 Wilsoni 00 50 -» South Australia.

* propinqua 50 20 - 5 :

a Waterhousei .. 00 -» Western Australia.

39 laticeps ee ee ee ee 99 99

3 laticollis 90 50 oc 5 2D

brevicornis AD oe 50 Bs )

Xenidea Wallacei .. 50 ie .» Sulu Islands.

a purpureipennis 50 50 -- New Guinea,

Buplectroscelis Deyrollei .. 20 ec» Brazil.

oy tibialis Ae ee ee me

- bimaculata .. 00 op

placida 50 90 00 op

3 nigripennis o. 00 -. Amazons.

serdida 90: ee ate ee

Megistops ornatus. Oo Oo i

3 pretiosus .. ate 50 -- Venezuela.

Genus ArRsIPopDA, Erichs.

APS POUL HODGES

Late ovata, valde. convexa, nigra, nitida, palpis antennis-

que flavis, his extrorsum nigro-piceis; subtus picea, pedi-

bus abdomineque fulvis; thorace tenuissime punctato,

basi utrinque longitudinaliter impresso; elytris distincte

punctato-striatis, interspatiis planis.

Long. 2 lin. Hab.—Australia, Rockhampton.

Head trigonate, not longer than broad; vertex and

front smooth, impunctate, impressed on either side by a

deep flexuose groove, which, running along the upper and

inner border of the eye, curves obliquely inwards to meet

its fellow at the apex of the carina; encarpe linear,

oblique; carina oblong, the sutural lines between it and the

encarpe entirely obsolete; antennze about half the length

of the body, five lower joints yellow, the rest nigro-piceous.

Thorax nearly three times as broad as long; sides straight,

converging from base to apex, anterior angles obliquely

truncate, thickened, the outer edge produced laterally into

a short, acute tooth; basal margin bisinuate on either side,

the medial lobe very obtusely rounded; upper surface very

finely punctured, impressed on either side at the base with

a curved perpendicular groove. Elytra broader than the

thorax, broadly oblong-ovate, convex, finely but distinctly

punctate-striate, the punctures rather coarser on the sides.

Hinder tibia longer than the femur, only slightly recurved,

its outer surface grooved for nearly its whole length.

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 285

Arsipoda merens.

Late ovata, convexa, nigra, nitida, tarsis posticis, pedi-

bus anticis quatuor antennisque sordide fulvis, his apice

piceis; thorace tenuiter punctato, utrinque basi obsolete

impresso; elytris regulariter punctato-striatis, punctis

apicem versus tenuiter impressis; interspatiis planis, minute

sed distincte punctatis.

Var. A. Abdominis apice piceo.

Long. 22 lin. Hab.—Mysol: var. A. New Guinea

(Dorey).

Head trigonate, not longer than broad; vertex nearly

impunctate, very minutely rugulose; front impressed on

either side with a very deep groove, which, extending along

the upper and inner margin of the eyes, curves abruptly

just before reaching the middle of the latter, and extend-

ing directly inwards to join its fellow immediately above

the apex of the carina; encarpex well-defined, transverse,

narrow, elongate, separated by the apex of the carina; the

latter compressed anteriorly, its upper two-thirds flattened,

narrowly wedge-shaped, its apex truncate ; antenne about

half the length of the body, filiform, the three outer joints

fuscous. Thorax three times as broad as long; sides

nearly straight and slightly converging from the base to

the middle, thence slightly rounded and more quickly con-

verging to the apex, anterior angles thickened, obtuse ;

basal margin sinuate on either side near the medial lobe,

the latter obtusely truncate; upper surface finely punc-

tured, impressed on either side at the base with an ill-

defined, shallow fovea. LElytra rather broader than the

thorax, very slightly attenuated towards the apex, convex,

regularly punctate-striate, the striz rather strongly punc-

tured before the middle, much more finely so towards the

apex; interspaces finely punctured. Hinder thighs strongly

thickened ; hinder tibiz slightly incurved, the outer sur-

face bicanaliculate. Apical segment of abdomen trilobate,

the middle lobe longitudinally grooved.

The present and the following species differ from the

typical form of Arszpoda in having the hinder tibiz less

excurved at the base,

Arsipoda Wallacei.

Late ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus pallide picea, ab-

domine pedibusque fulvis, femoribus tibiisque posticis

nigro-picels ; supra nigra, antennis fulvis; thorace sub-

286 Mr. J.S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

crebre punctato, utrinque basi leviter impresso; elytris

regulariter punctato-striatis, interspatiis planis, tenuiter

punctatis.

Long. 3} lin. Hab.—New Guinea.

Head trigonate, not longer than broad; vertex irregu-

larly punctured; front impressed on either side by a

deep groove, which, running along the upper and inner

border of the eye, curves inwardly just before reaching the

middle of the latter, and runs almost directly inwards to

the apex of the carina; encarpez well-defined, oblique,

oblong, separated from each other by the extreme apex of

the carina; the latter compressed and strongly raised

anteriorly, dilated and flattened towards the apex, its

upper half trapezoidal; antennz rather more than half

the length of the body, filiform, fulvous, slightly stained

with fuscous towards the apex. Thorax three times as

broad as long; sides rounded and converging from base

to apex, more quickly converging before the middle,

anterior angles obtuse; basal margin bisinuate on either

side, the medial lobe very broadly and obtusely rounded;

upper surface rather closely punctured, impressed on

either side at the base with a distinct fovea. Hlytra

rather broader than the thorax, regularly punctate-striate,

the puncturing much finer towards the apex; interspaces

plane, finely punctured. Hinder thighs strongly thick-

ened; hinder tibize equal in length to the thighs, slightly

incurved, the outer surface bicanaliculate.

Genus PsEUDODERA, Baly.

Pseudodera orientalis.

Elongata, parallela, convexa, rufo-picea, nitida, pedibus

obscure piceis, abdomine rufo-fulvo; antennis nigris; ely-

tris fortiter punctato-striatis, basi nigris, medio fascia

lata flava instructis, pone fasciam obscure rufo-piceis.

Long. 4 lin. Hab.—Bengal.

Vertex convex, smooth, minutely punctured on either

side above the eye; antenne two-thirds the length of the

body, the apex of the basal joint pale rufo-piceous.

Thorax rather broader than long; sides slightly diverging

from the base to beyond the middle, thence rounded and

converging to the apex; above moderately convex, very

distantly impressed with fine punctures; basal groove

short, deeply impressed, divided medially by a short lon-

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 287

gitudinal ridge; on either side, at a little distance from

the transverse groove, is a short deep longitudinal depres-

sion. Elytra broader than the thorax, parallel, strongly

punctate-striate, the strize arranged in double rows; their

basal fourth black, their middle third flavous, the remain-

der of the surface to the apex obscure piceous.

Genus CLITEA.

Corpus subelongato-ovale, convexum; Caput breve;

oculis distantibus; encarpis et carina obsoletis; antennis

filiformibus. Thorax transversus; margine basali utrinque

bisinuato, medio distincte lobato. Elytra oblonga, punc-

tato-striata. Pedes mediocres; coxis anticis prosterno

zequialtis ; femoribus posticis valde incrassatis ; ¢¢b¢is sim-

plicibus, antics quatuor apice spina parva armatis; post?

cis dorso bicanaliculato, spine apice valida armatis; tarsis

posticis articulo basali tibize dimidio multo breviori, duobus

sequentibus conjunctis equali; unguiculis appendiculatis.

Prosterum elongatum, apice transversim dilatatum ; aceta-

bulis anticis integris. Mesosternum obliquum, apice

emarginatum.

Type Clhitea picta.

Nearly allied to Mantura, separated from that group

by the short broad head, and by the absence of the per-

pendicular grooves at the base of the thorax.

Clitea picta.

Subelongato-ovalis, convexa, rufo-fulva, subnitida, sub-

tus nitida; thorace rugoso-punctato, nigro, lateribus late

rufo-fulvis ; elytris fortiter puntato-striatis, interspatiis sat

crebre punctatis, ad latera leviter convexiusculis ; utrisque

fascia lata basali, extrorsum abbreviata, postice emarginata,

fascia prope medium, utrinque abbreviata, maculaque sub-

apicali, trigonata nigris.

Long. 2 lin. Hab.—India.

Head short, much broader than long; surface rugose ;

eyes distant; clypeus not separated from the upper face, its

lower portion transversely excavated, its upper surface

concave; antenne half the length of the body, fulvous.

Thorax nearly three times as broad as long; sides rounded

and converging from base to apex, anterior angle pro-

288 Mr. J.S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

duced, laterally curved, the apex obtuse; basal margin

slightly oblique and bisinuate on either side, the medial

lobe obtusely rounded; above transversely convex, closely

rugulose-punctate, impressed with numerous variolose

punctures, scattered irregularly over the whole surface.

Elytra rather broader than the thorax, narrowly oblong,

convex, deeply and regularly punctate-striate ; the inter-

spaces plane near the suture, slightly convex on the outer

disk, closely punctured.

Genus SysTENA, Clark.

Systena ornata.

Elongata, convexa, obscure cuprea, nitida, antennis,

pedibus abdomineque piceis, femoribus posticis abdo-

mineque cupreo micantibus; elytris confuse punctatis,

utrisque maculis duabus, una infra basin elongata, altera

ante apicem oblonga, margineque apicali flavis.

Long. 2 lm. Hab.—Jamaica.

Head coarsely punctured, the puncturing finer and less

crowded on the vertex; carina slightly raised, smooth,

impunctate ; encarpe ill-defined. Thorax more than one-

half as broad again as long; sides nearly straight and

parallel, anterior angles oblique, obtuse, hinder angles

acute; disk strongly and rather closely punctured.

Elytra broader than the thorax, narrowly oblong, strongly

punctured, each elytron with the apical border and two

small spots, the first linear placed below the base, the

other subapical, oblong, flavous. :

Systena Deyrollet.

Subelongata, convexa, nigra, nitida, pedibus anten-

nisque fulvis, his extrorsum femoribusque posticis piceis;

thorace distincte punctato; elytris oblongo-ovatis, con-

vexis, infra basin transversim depressis, sat fortiter

punctato-striatis, Interspatiis planis, apicem versus et

externis totis leviter convexiusculis.

Long. 1} lin. Hab.—Brazil, New Friburg.

_ Head exserted; vertex and front sparingly impressed

with fine punctures; interocular spaces separated from

the front on either side by an oblique groove; encarpze

obsolete; carina narrow, elongate; antennz rather more

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 289

than half the length of the body, the five lower joints

fulvous, the rest piceous; the second moderately thick-

ened, oval, more than three-fourths the length of the first,

scarcely shorter than the third. Thorax nearly twice as

broad as long; sides rather broadly margined, straight

and parallel, slightly smuate just behind the anterior

angle, the latter obliquely truncate ; basal margin slightly

bisinuate on either side, narrowly margined; upper

surface nitidous, finely but distinctly punctured. LElytra

much broader than the thorax, oblong-ovate, slightly

attenuated at the apex; convex, transversely depressed

below the basilar space, the latter on each elytron dis-

tinctly raised; regularly punctate-striate, interspaces

plane, slightly convex towards the apex and on the outer

disk, smooth and shining, sparingly impressed with

minute punctures, the interspaces next the suture more

closely punctured.

Systena ceruleata,

Elongata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigra, pedibus pallide

piceis, posticis obscurioribus; supra obscure czerulea, an-

tennis fulvo-piceis, extrorsum piceis; thorace transverso,

distincte punctato; elytris oblongo-ovatis, convexis, sat

fortiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis levibus, remote,

minute punctatis, externis convexiusculis.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.— Amazons, Para; Santarem.

Head exserted, vertex and front convex, finely and

remotely punctured, the latter separated from the lower

face on either side by an oblique groove; encarpz oblique,

not contiguous, narrowly oblong; carina strongly raised,

oblong, its apex obtuse; antenne half the length of the

body, piceous, the third to the fifth jomts paler than the

rest. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides straight

and parallel, all the angles thickened; the anterior ob-

liquely truncate, the hinder ones acute; basal margin

slightly sinuate on either side the medial lobe, the latter

scarcely produced, obtusely truncate ; upper surface trans-

versely convex, distinctly but finely and remotely punc-

tured. Scutellum trigonate, its apex acute. HElytra much

broader than the thorax, oblong-ovate, convex, the con-

vexity gradually increasing from the base to beyond the

middle ; strongly and regularly punctate-striate, the inter-

spaces shining, sparingly impressed with very fine punc-

tures, interspaces on the outer disk slightly convex,

290 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

Genus PuyeasiA, Baly.

Phygasia limbata.

Oblongo-ovata, convexa, nigra, nitida, thorace abdomine-

que fulvis; elytris flavis, tenuiter, confuse punctatis, utris-

que nigro limbatis.

Long. 24 lin. Hab.—South Africa, Lake N’Gami.

Head trigonate, scarcely longer than broad; vertex and

front smooth and shining, impunctate, with the exception

of a few coarse impressions on either side just above the

upper and inner border of the eye; front separated on

either side from the encarpe by an oblique groove; en-

carpe thickened, oblique, oblong, contiguous at their

extreme apices; carina strongly raised, oblong-ovate, its

apex acute, extending upwards between the encarpz for

nearly their whole length; labrum and jaws piceous ;

antenne half the length of the body, moderately robust,

slightly thickened towards the apex, four lower joints

obscure fulvous, the rest black. Thorax twice as broad

as long; sides distinctly margined, regularly rounded,

anterior angles obtuse, the hinder ones armed with a small

acute tooth ; upper surface convex, finely but not closely

punctured ; basal groove deeply depressed, extending

backward to the basal margin, abbreviated abruptly on

either side at some distance from the lateral border.

Elytra broader than the thorax, oblong, rounded at the

apex ; convex, more closely and more distinctly punctured

than the thorax; yellow, the entire limb of each, dilated

at base and apex, but narrowed on the suture and on the

lateral margin, black.

Genus Loneitarsus, Latr.

Longitarsus CONCINNUS.

Anguste ovatus, convexus, pallide piceus, nitidus, tibiis

anticis quatuor, tarsis posticis antennisque pallide flavis,

harum articulis primo dorso et sexto ad nonum totis

nigris; thorace sat crebre punctato; elytris ovalibus,

crebre punctatis.

Long. 2 lin. Hab.—Mexico.

Head trigonate, lower portion of face moderately elon-

gate; vertex smooth, impunctate, with the exception of

two or three large punctures on either side, just above the

upper border of the eye; encarpze trigonate, contiguous ;

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 291

carina linear, elevated, but less distinctly defined than in

many other species; antennz more than three-fourths the

length of the body, robust. Thorax about one-fourth

broader than long; sides slightly rounded, diverging from

the base towards the apex, anterior angles very obliquely

truncate, thickened obtuse; disk transversely convex,

coarsely punctured, the punctures crowded at the base,

more distant on the hinder disk. Elytra much broader

than the thorax, oval, attenuated towards the apex, con-

vex, the humeral callus entirely obsolete, surface coarsely

and rather closely punctured.

Longitarsus Buckley.

Anguste ovatus, nitidus, subtus piceo-niger, pedibus

(femor ibus posticis piceis exceptis) fulvis ; supra plumbeo-

nigra, antennis nigris, basi piceo-fulvis ; thorace tenuissime

ruculoso ; elytris ‘oblongis, minute, subremote punctatis.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Ecuador; collected by Mr.

Buckley.

Head trigonate; vertex and front shining, impunctate,

the latter impressed on either side within the eye with a

deep fovea; encarpz transverse, contiguous, subovate ;

carina narrow, elongate; antenne more than half the

length of the body, the three lower joimts piceo-fulvous,

the fourth piceous, the rest black, Thorax half as broad

again as long; sides rounded, their middle third sinuate,

the anterior third occupied by the thickened anterior

angle, the apex of which is obtuse ; upper surface convex,

impunctate, nitidous, closely covered with very minute

rugosities, only visible under a lens. Scutellum trigonate,

obscure piceous. LElytra broader than the thorax, oblong,

their apices subacutely rounded ; above convex, very finely

and subremotely punctured, the humeral callus distinct.

Longitarsus Fryellus.

Anguste ovatus, convexus, piceus, nitidus, pedibus ely-

trisque pallide castaneis, illis piceo tinctis; antennis flavo-

albidis, articulis primo (apice excepto) quinto ultimosque

apice piceis, sexto, septimo et octavo nigris; thorace levi;

elytris ovatis, ad apicem attenuatis, tenuiter punctatis.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Brazil.

Vertex smooth, impunctate; carina elevated, linear;

encarpee ill-defined, subovate, oblique, contiguous; antennee

292 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

robust, three-fourths the length of the body. Thorax

about a third broader than long; sides rounded, slightly

diverging from the base towards the apex, anterior angles

thickened, very obliquely truncate, hinder angles obtusely

angulate; disk convex (when seen under a lens very finely

and distantly punctured). Hlytra much broader than

the thorax, ovate, truncate at the base, the sides parallel,

attenuated towards the apex; above convex, the humeral

callus distinct; finely punctured, the punctures piceous.

Longitarsus Wallacet.

Anguste ovatus, convexus, piceo-fulvus, nitidus, antennis

flavis; subtus pallide piceus, pedibus flavo-albidis, femori-

bus tibiisque posticis piceo-fulvis; thorace levi, ad latera

minute punctato, lateribus obtuse angulatis; elytris ob-

longis, sat crebre subfortiter punctatis.

Long. 13 lin. Had.— Celebes; collected by Mr.

Wallace.

Head wedge-shaped; vertex impunctate; encarpze well-

defined, narrow, transverse, contiguous at their extreme

apices; carina narrow, strongly elevated; antennz three-

fourths the length of the body, the third joint about one-

half longer than the second, the fourth one-half longer

than the third, the following joints each equal in length

to the fourth, the eleventh rather longer. Thorax about

a third broader than long; sides diverging from the base

to the middle, thence straight to the anterior angle, the

latter thickened, very obliquely truncate; above trans-

versely convex, shining, a few fine punctures visible at

the base and sides when seen under a strong lens. Elytra

broader than the thorax, oblong, rather coarsely and closely

punctured.

Longitarsus capensis.

Anguste ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus, pedibus an-

tennisque fulvis, his extrorsum, femoribusque posticis

apice piceis; thorace fortiter, sat crebre punctato; elytris

ovalibus, apice dehiscentibus, crebre punctatis.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Cape of Good Hope.

Head trigonate; vertex smooth, impunctate; front im-

pressed on either side with a few irregular punctures;

encarpe nearly obsolete, ill-defined; carina elongate,

elevated; antenne three-fourths the length of the body,

six outer joints pale piceous. Thorax about one-third as

and of uncharacterized species of Hulticine. 293

broad again as long; sides diverging from the base

towards the apex, anterior angles thickened, obliquely

truncate; disk convex, coarsely and rather closely punc-

tured, the interspaces granulose. Scutellum much broader

than long. LElytra broader than the thorax, oval, convex,

dehiscent at the sutural angle, the humeral callus en-

tirely obsolete; their surfaces coarsely punctured.

Genus Docrema, Waterhouse.

Docema collaris.

Ovata, convexa, nigra, nitida, facie inferiori, antennis

basi, tibiis tarsisque piceis; thorace rufo, basi leviter

transversim impresso, tenuiter, subremote punctato ; elytris

sat fortiter confuse punctatis.

Long. 13—1? lin. Hab.—Western Australia.

Head trigonate, scarcely longer than broad; vertex

smooth, impunctate; front impressed on either side near

its lower edge with a deep fovea; interocular spaces

punctate; encarpe pyriform, contiguous; carina obsolete;

antenne rather more than half the length of the body, the

three lower joints piceous, the rest black. Thorax more

than twice as broad as long; sides rounded, anterior

angles thickened, oblique, laterally produced; hinder

angles armed with a small obtuse tooth; upper surface

impressed just in front of the base with an ill-defined

transverse groove, which terminates on either side at

some distance from the lateral margin; disk finely but

not closely punctured, the transverse groove rather more

strongly punctured. Scutellum trigonate, shining, im-

punctate. Elytra broader than the thorax, broadly

oblong-ovate, convex, strongly and somewhat closely

punctured; interspaces here and there irregularly trans-

versely wrinkled.

Genus APRA.

Corpus ovatum, convexum, dorso paullo deplanatum.

Pe , aes :

Caput vix exsertum; facie brevi, perpendiculari; antennis

filiformibus; encarpis distinctis; carind vix elevata ; oculis

ovalibus. TJhorax transversus, basi distincte lobatus.

Scutellum semirotundatum. Elytra oblonga, regulariter

: y) ga, res

punctato-striata. Prosternum oblongum, apice paullo

dilatatum; acetabulis anticis apertis. Jesosternum obli-

? I

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV, (DEC.) x

294 Mr. J.S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

quum, apice concavo-emarginatum. Pedes simplices;

coxis anticis prosterno fere equialtis; femortbus posticis

incrassatis; ¢ébz7s anticis quatuor apice muticis; t¢bzzs pos-

ticis dorso non canaliculatis, apice spina acuta armatis;

tarsis posticis articulo basali tibize dimidio paullo brevior1;

unguiculis appendiculatis.

Type Aprea Jansoni.

The present genus differs from Aphthona in the absence

of spines at the apices of the four anterior tibize and in the

distinctly lobed basal margin of the thorax. ;

Aprea Jansoni.

Ovata, convexa, picea, nitida, supra cupreo-micans aut

piceo-cuprea, vertice pectoreque nigro-piceis, pedibus

(femoribus posticis apice exceptis) antennisque fulvo-

piceis, his apice nigro-piceis; thorace nitido, irregulariter

hic illic profunde punctato; elytris oblongis, convexis,

dorso paullo deplanatis, utrisque infra basin transversim

depressis, regulariter punctato-striatis; interspatiis planis,

sat remote, minute punctatis.

Long. 141m. Hab.—Jamaica.

Head subtrigonate; vertex and front nitidous, sparingly

impressed with very minute punctures; encarpe thickened,

transversely ovate, separated at their point of junction by

a deep fovea; carina narrowly oblong, attenuated towards

its apex, its surface plane; antenne filiform, rather more

than half the length of the body, five lower joints piceo-

fulvous, the rest nigro-piceous. Thorax more than twice

as broad as long; sides rounded and converging from base

to apex, the anterior angles thickened, obtuse; basal

margin bisinuate on either side, the medial lobe mode-

rately produced, obtusely rounded; upper surface trans-

versely convex, excavated on either side at some distance

from the lateral margin, coarsely and strongly punctate,

the punctures irregularly congregated over the surface;

interspaces nitidous, impressed, but not closely, with

minute punctures. Elytra broader than the thorax, ob-

long, convex, transversely depressed below the basilar

space, the latter very faintly thickened; strongly and

regularly punctate-striate, interspaces plane, very faintly

convex near the outer margin, sparingly impressed with

very fine punctures.

and of uncharacterized species of Hulticine. 295

Genus ApuTHona, Chevr.

Aphthona chinensis.

Ovalis, convexa, subtus nigra, nitida, pedibus fulvis,

tarsis piceis; supra metallico-cerulea, antennis nigris,

basi piceis; thorace subquadrato, levi, impunctato; elytris

thorace latioribus, ovatis, tenuiter, confuse punctatis.

Long. 1—li lin. Hab.—China; collected by Mr. G.

Lewis.

Vertex shining, impunctate; encarpz distinct, sub-

quadrate, oblique, contiguous at their apices; carina mode-

rately raised, elongate; eyes rotundate, prominent; an-

tenn three-fourths the length of the body, three lower

joints piceous, the rest black. Thorax only slightly

broader than long; sides straight and parallel, the an-

terior angles thickened, obliquely truncate; above convex,

shining, impunctate. Elytra much broader than the

thorax, ovate, convex, finely punctured.

Aphthona crassicornis.

Breviter oblongo-ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigra,

pedibus piceo-nigris, tarsis rufo-piceis ; supra viridi-cy-

anea, antennis ad apicem incrassatis, nigris, basi piceis,

articulis duobus ultimis albido-fulvis; vertice nitidissimo,

impunctato; thorace fortiter, minus remote punctato ;

elytris infra basin transversim depressis, fortiter punctatis,

punctis subseriatim dispositis.

Var. A. Elytris apice rufo-piceis.

B. Corpore toto piceo.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Jamaica.

Head scarcely broader than long; vertex broad, very

smooth and shining, impunctate ; front impressed on either

side with a single fovea; encarpe subtrigonate, well de-

fined, contiguous; carina entirely obsolete; clypeus trans-

verse, trigonate, its apex acute ; antennz half the length

of the body, robust, distinctly thickened towards the apex,

the outer joints slightly compressed; black, the four or

five lower joints piceous, the two upper ones yellowish-

white; the second joint thickened, ovate. Thorax twice

as broad as long; sides rather broadly margined, parallel,

bisinuate, the hinder angles acute, slightly produced, the

anterior ones obliquely truncate, produced laterally into a

short acute tooth; upper surface transversely convex,

strongly and deeply, but not very closely punctured, inter-

Yee

296 Mr. J.S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

spaces nitidous. Scutellum trigonate, its apex obtuse.

Elytra broader than the thorax, oblong, regularly rounded

at the apex; convex, transversely depressed below the

basilar space; strongly punctured, the punctures indis-

tinctly arranged in ill-defined longitudinal rows; inter-

spaces shining, impunctate; on the transverse depression

near the suture are some faint oblique wrinkles.

Aphthona Pilate.

Ovata, convexa, nigro-zenea, nitida, antennis pedibusque

- fulvis, femoribus posticis piceis; thorace levi; elytris

tenuiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis planis, leevibus. _

Long. 2 lin. Hab.—Mexico, Teapa.

Head trigonate, not longer than broad, lower portion of

face pale piceous; vertex smooth, impunctate; encarpze

oblique, contiguous, subovate, carina distinctly raised ;

antenne more than half the length of the body, pale:

fulvous, the second joint moderately thickened, ovate,

the third and fourth each about equal in length to the

second. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides

parallel, scarcely rounded, anterior angles obliquely

truncate; above convex, smooth and shining, impunctate.

Elytra broadly oblong, slightly attenuated at the apex;

convex, finely punctate-striate, the interspaces plane.

Aphthona Deyrollet.

Ovata, convexa, pallide picea, supra zeneo micans; facie

inferiori, pedibus antennisque fulvis, harum articulis 5—9

nigro-piceis; thorace levi; elytris tenuiter punctato-

striatis.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Mexico, Teapa.

Vertex smooth, impunctate; encarpze well-defined, oval,

transverse, contiguous; carina elongate, distinctly ele-

vated; labrum and jaws nigro-piceous; antenne three-

fourths the length of the body, robust. Thorax more

than one-half as broad as long; sides nearly straight,

slightly diverging from the base towards the apex, an-

terior angles thickened, obliquely truncate; upper surface .

transversely convex, smooth and shining, impressed with

a few minute punctures, visible only under a strong lens.

Elytra broader than the thorax, ovate, slightly attenuated

at the apex; convex, the humeral callus nearly obsolete;

surface finely punctate-striate, the interspaces plane.

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 297

Aphthona diversa.

Subelongata, convexa, picea, nitida, vertice, scutello,

pectore abdomineque nigro-piceis; thorace tenuiter punc-

tato, rufo-fulvo, pedibus antennisque sordide fulvis, his

extrorsum femoribusque posticis piceis; elytris viridi-

metallicis, minus fortiter punctato-striatis.

Long. $ lin. Hab.—Mexico, Teapa.

Vertex and front black, impunctate, lower portion of face

piceous; encarpz oblique, distinctly thickened, ovate, con-

tiguous ; carina not defined; antennz more than half the

length of the body, robust, five lower joints obscure fulvous,

the rest black; ‘second and third joints nearly equal in

length. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides

parallel, nearly straight, anterior angles thickened, ob-

liquely truncate, produced laterally mto a short acute

tooth; upper surface convex, shining, impressed somewhat

remotely with very fine punctures; basal margin narrowly

edged on either side with black. Scutellum semiovate.

Elytra much broader than the thorax, oblong, distinctly

and regularly punctate-striate, the interspaces plane, each

impressed with a single row of minute punctures.

Aphthona verticalis.

Subelongata, convexa, fulva, nitida, vertice, scutello,

metasterno abdomineque nigris, antennis extrorsum infus-

catis; thorace levi, impunctato, elytris viridi-cyaneis,

regulariter punctato-striatis.

Long. { lin. Hab.—Brazil; New Friburg.

Head trigonate; eyes large, prominent, black; vertex

and upper portion of front shiming black, impunctate ;

encarpe obliquely transverse, contiguous, elongate ; carina

ovate; antennze robust, three-fourths the length of the

body, second joint short, thickened, ovate, rather more

than half the length of the basal one; third rather longer

than the latter; seven outer joints slightly stained with

fuscous. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides

rather broadly margined, regularly rounded, hinder angles

armed with a short acute tooth, the anterior ones obtuse ;

surface shining impunctate; on the middle of the basal

margin is a faint transverse groove, only visible in a

certain light. Scutellum much longer than broad, wedge-

shaped, its apex obtuse. LElytra much broader than the

thorax, narrowly oblong, convex, bright metallic green,

298 Mr. J. 5S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

with a bluish shade; regularly and rather strongly punc-

tate-striate, the punctures on the striz near the suture

less regularly placed than those on the outer striz; inter-

spaces plane, shining, impunctate.

Aphthona nigro-cyanea.

Subelongata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigro-cyanea, pedi-

bus fulvis; supra nigro-cerulea, metallica, antennis fulvis,

extrorsum nigris; thorace remote punctato; elytris sat

fortiter striatim punctatis, punctis in striis confuse dis-

positis ; interspatiis leevibus.

Long. 1—1i lin. Hab.—Brazil, New Fribure.

Head trigonate ; vertex nitidous, sparingly impressed

with a few fine punctures; front impressed along its lower

edge on either side with four or five stronger punctures,

its medial portion with a faint longitudinal depression ;

encarpe very distinct, narrow, elongate, obliquely trans-

verse, separated by a deep fovea; carina obsolete; clypeus

subtrigonate, its upper portion thickened; labrum and

jaws piceous; antennz half the length of the body, six

lower joints fulvous, the apices of the fifth and sixth

stained with piceous, the five outer ones black; the second

joint short, ovate, the third nearly twice as long as the.

second. ‘Thorax nearly three times as broad as long ;

sides rather broadly margined, regularly rounded, anterior

angles obtuse, the hinder ones acute; upper surface re-

motely impressed with fine but deep punctures. Elytra

broader than the thorax, narrowly oblong, convex, slightly

flattened along the suture, rather strongly punctate-striate,

the punetures on each stria very irregularly arranged,

those near the suture very confused ; interspaces smooth

and shining, sparingly impressed with minute punctures.

Aphthona fulvipes.

Anguste ovata, convexa, nigra, nitida, antennis pedi-

busque fulvis, femoribus posticis piceis; thorace sat remote,

tenuiter punctato; elytris convexis, utrisque infra basin

leviter transversim depressis, fortiter punctato-striatis,

interspatiis planis, externis obsolete convexiusculis.

Long. ? lin. Hab.— Para.

Head trigonate; vertex and front shining, impunctate ;

encarpz well-defined, transverse, contiguous at their

apices; carina raised, narrow, linear; labrum and jaws

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 299

piceo-fulvous; antennz nearly equal to the body in length,

fulvous, the apical joint stained above with piceous;

second joint thickened, ovate, nearly equal in length to

the first, rather longer than the third. Thorax rather more

than half as broad again as long; sides parallel, straight

at the base, slightly rounded before the middle, anterior

angles obliquely truncate, produced laterally into a very

short acute tooth; upper surface convex, remotely punc-

tured, the punctures very faint and more distant on the

anterior disk, rather deeper and rather more crowded near

the base; each of the four angles furnished with a single

very long white hair. Elytra much broader than the

thorax, convex, each depressed transversely before the

middle, strongly punctate-striate, the striz much _ less

deeply punctured towards the apex ; interspaces plane,

faintly convex on the outer disk,

Aphthona amazona.

Oblongo-ovata, convexa, nigra, nitida, antennarum

basi pedibusque piceis, his nigro pictis; thorace levi,

minute sed parce punctato, vertice fere impunctato ;

elytris tenuiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis planis.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Amazons, Para.

Head trigonate; vertex and front shining, impunctate ;

encarpe large, ill-defined, ovate, contiguous; carina well-

defined, elongate, attenuated at base and apex; antennz

more than half the length of the body, the three lower

joints pale piceous, the rest black. Thorax nearly twice

as broad as long; sides moderately rounded, anterior

angle obliquely truncate, its outer end produced laterally

into a short acute tooth; upper surface convex, nitidous,

sparingly impressed with minute punctures on the basal

half of the disk, the anterior half nearly impunctate.

Elytra broader than the thorax, regularly rounded at the

apex; convex, very finely punctate-striate, interspaces

plane, sparingly impressed with very minute punctures.

Legs pale piceous, thighs and tibie stained with black or

dark piceous.

Genus PHyLuoTrera, Foudras.

Phyllotreta jamaicaensis.

Elongata, angustata, modice convexa, nitida, subtus

nigra, tibiis tarsisque obscure piceis; supra cyaneo-viridis,

300 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

antennis nigris, basi pallide piceis; thorace sat crebre

punctato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis late ro-

tundatis, fere obsoletis; elytris sat crebre punctatis.

Long. % lin. Hab.—Jamaica.

Head exserted, subtrigonate; vertex and front distantly

punctured, the latter impressed on either side above the

encarpa with a deep fovea; encarpz triangular, con-

tiguous; carina raised, linear, elongate; clypeus rugose

on either side the carina, its anterior surface oblique,

smooth, impunctate; antennz nearly three-fourths the

length of the body, slightly thickened towards the apex,

the five lower joints piceous, the rest black. Thorax

about one-fourth broader than long; sides rounded, the

hinder angles broadly so, nearly obsolete, the anterior

ones thickened, obliquely truncate; disk rather coarsely

punctured, their interspaces irregularly strigose. Elytra

much broader than the thorax, narrowly oblong, convex,

coarsely punctured.

Phyllotreta malayana.

Elongata, parallela, nigra, nitida, pedibus anticis

quatuor obscure piceis; supra obscure nigro-cerulea, sat

rude punctata; antennis nigris, basi piceo-fulvous.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Celebes.

Head trigonate, rather longer than broad; clypeus

obscure piceous; vertex shining, impunctate; encarpze

well defined, triangular, contiguous; carina raised, its

apex acute; antennee nearly three-fourths the length of

the body, robust; five lower joints obscure fulvous, more

or less stamed with piceous, the rest black. Thorax

nearly twice as broad as long; sides parallel, slightly

convex, the anterior angles obliquely truncate, produced

laterally into an obtuse tooth; upper surface coarsely but

not deeply punctured, the interspaces granulose. LHlytra

rather broader than the thorax, their sides parallel; upper

surface more deeply punctured than the thorax, the

interspaces shining, impunctate.

Phyllotreta Downest.

Elongata, convexa, viridi-metallica, cyaneo tincta, an-

tennis nigris; subtus nigra, femoribus posticis viridi-

metallicis; thorace granuloso, sat fortiter punctato;

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 301

elytris sat crebre, fortiter punctatis, pone medium obsolete

elevato-vittatis.

. Long. 13 lin. Hab.—Bombay; collected by Dr. E.

Downes.

Head smooth; vertex nearly impunctate, faintly rugu-

lose, front above the encarpz rugose-punctate ; encarpe

quadrangular, contiguous ; carina strongly raised, linear;

antennz more than two-thirds the length of the body;

three lower joints piceous, stained with nigro-zeneous ;

second and third joimts short, equal. Thorax nearly

twice as broad as long; sides nearly parallel at the base,

thence rounded and converging to the apex, anterior

angles thickened, obliquely truncate; upper surface

granulose, rather closely covered with round, shallow

punctures. Scutellum shining black, trigonate, its apex

obtuse. Elytra narrowly ovate, more deeply punctured

than the thorax, interspaces granulose ; below the middle

of each elytron are several narrow, distinctly raised vitte.

Body beneath shining black, smooth, nearly impunctate.

Genus CH#ZTOCNEMA, Stephens.

Chetocnema divergens.

Anguste ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigra, pedibus

rufo-piceis, femoribus posticis nigro-eeneis; supra nigro-

eenea, antennis fulvis, articulo ultimo piceo; thorace lateribus

rectis, a basi ad apicem paullo divergentibus, disco granu-

loso, remote, sat tenuiter punctato; elytris fortiter punctato-

striatis, interspatiis convexiusculis, ad apicem et is ad

latera convexis.

Long. # lin. Hab.—Campeche.

Head moderately exserted, trigonate ; vertex and front

granulose, impressed on either side with a few irregular

punctures; oblique grooves separating the interocular

spaces from the front distinct ; clypeus oblique on its lower

half, thickened towards its apex, the latter broadly truncate,

separated from the upper face by a deep transverse depres-

sion; labrum piceous, impressed with a single row of deep

punctures; antennz more than half the length of the body,

fulvous, the apical joint piceous; second joint moderately

thickened, nearly as long as the first, distinctly longer

than the third. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long;

sides rather broadly margined, straight and diverging

from base to apex, the anterior angles oblique, thickened,

302. Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

obtuse; upper surface granulose and rather distantly

punctured. Elytra broader than the thorax, ovate; above

convex, strongly and regularly punctate-striate; inter-

spaces slightly convex, more strongly so on the outer disk

and towards the apex, nitidous, here and there faintly

wrinkled, the rugosities being visible only when viewed

under a strong lens; inflexed limb smooth and shining,

impressed along its inner edge with a single row of punc-

tures. Nearly allied to C. Mexicana; separated from

that species by its rather broader form and by the diverging

sides of the thorax.

Chetocnema gravida.

Late ovata, valde convexa, cuprea, nitida, pedibus

antennisque obscure fulvis, his extrorsum piceis, femoribus

anticis quatuor piceo-tinctis, posticis cupreis; clypeo crasse

punctato; thorace sat fortiter punctato; elytris regulariter

punctato-striatis, interspatiis granulosis, planis, externis

vix convexiusculis.

Long. 14 lin. Hab.— Mexico; Teapa.

Vertex distantly punctured; clypeus trigonate, deeply

and closely punctured; encarpze and carina entirely obso-

lete. Thorax twice as broad as long at the base; sides

rounded and converging from base to apex, all the angles

acute ; upper surface impressed, but not very closely, with

deep punctures. Scutellum transverse, its apex broadly

rounded. — Elytra slightly broader at the base than the

thorax, attenuated towards the apex, strongly and regu-

larly punctate-striate, interspaces finely granulose, plane,

those near the outer margin faintly convex.

Chetocnema Sallei.

Anguste ovata, convexa, cuprea, nitida, supra granu-

losa, antennis obscure fulvis, extrorsum piceis; pedibus

obscure fulvis, piceo-tinctis, femoribus posticis cupreis ;

vertice distincte punctato; thorace sat fortiter punctato ;

elytris regulariter punctato-striatis, interspatiis remote

punctatis, externis leviter convexis.

Long. 14 lin. Hab.—Mexico.

Vertex distinctly but not closely punctured; clypeus

trigonate, more closely punctured than the vertex; en-

carpe and carina obsolete; antennz slightly thickened

towards the apex, rather more than half the length of the

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 303

body, six lower joints obscure fulvous, the rest piceous.

Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides obliquely

converging from base to apex, anterior angles very

obliquely truncate ; above subcylindrical, impressed with

large round punctures, crowded on the sides, more distant

on the disk. Scutellum transverse, its apex broadly

rounded. LElytra rather broader than the thorax, attenu-

ated towards the apex, strongly and regularly punctate-

striate; interspaces plane on the inner disk, convex near

the outer margin and faintly so towards the apex; their

surfaces rather coarsely granulose, distantly impressed

with fine punctures.

Chetocnema pallidicornis.

Anguste ovata, convexa, cuprea, nitida, subtus piceo-

nigra, “antennis pedibusque flavis, femoribus piceis; capite

thoraceque eranulosis, ilo impunctato, hoc sat remote,

minute punctato; elytris infra basin leviter transversim

depressis, regulariter punctato-striatis, striis impressis;

interspatiis minute eranulosis.

Long. 14 lin. Hab.— Jamaica.

Vertex granulose, impunctate, front separated on either

side from the interocular space by an oblique groove;

clypeus thickened towards the apex, the latter obtuse,

separated from the upper face by a deep transverse groove;

encarpee and carina entirely obsolete; antennz more than

half the length of the body, the two upper joints see

with fuscous. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long

sides rather broadly margined, parallel, slightly rounded ;

anterior angles thickened, obtuse, obliquely truncate;

upper surface convex, eranulose, minutely and rather

distantly punctured; basal margin reflexed, bordered with

a single row of distinct punctures. Elytra much broader

than the thorax, ovate, attenuated at the apex; above

convex, transversely depressed below the basilar space,

strongly punctate-striate, the striz distinctly suleate; in-

terspaces finely granulose, here and there impressed with

very minute punctures; interspaces on the inner disk

nearly plane, those near the outer margin convex. Four

anterior thighs pale piceous, the hinder pair darker,

tinged with cupreous.

The transverse depression on the elytra will at once

separate this species from its allies.

304 Mr. J.S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

Chetocnema Steinheili.

Ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigra, pedibus piceo-

fulvis, femoribus posticis piceo-cupreis; supra cuprea,

granulosa, antennis fulvis, extrorsum piceis; capite minute

et remote punctato; thorace tenuiter, sat remote punctato;

elytris minus fortiter, regulariter punctato-striatis, inter-

spatiis impunctatis, externis leviter incrassatis.

Long. 3 lin. Hab.—Columbia; Magdalena River.

Head not longer than broad; eyes distant; forehead

broad; vertex and front finely and remotely punctured;

oblique grooves separating the interocular spaces from the

front distinct, finely impressed; clypeus not distinctly

separated from the upper face; antennz half the length of

the body, robust, slightly thickened towards the apex, the

four basal joints fulvous, the rest piceous; second to the fifth

joints nearly equal in length; the second thickened, two-

thirds the length of the basal one. Thorax twice as

broad as long; sides rounded, slightly smuate at the base,

the anterior angles thickened; above convex, the hinder

margin distinetly reflexed; surface granulose, finely punc-

tured, the punctures rather coarser and rather more

closely placed than those on the head. Elytra broader at

the base than the thorax, attenuated from the middle to

the apex; above convex, closely united at the suture,

nitidous, regularly punctate-striate, interspaces granulose,

thickened on the outer disk.

Very similar in form, both of body and antennz, to

C. Blanchard, but differing in its smaller size, and in its

broader, distinctly punctured head.

Chetocnema separata.

Elongato-ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigra, pedibus

fulvo-piceis, femoribus posticis obscure cupreis; supra

eeneo-cuprea, antennis nigris, basi fulvis; thorace granu-

loso, tenuiter, subremote punctato; elytris nitidis, fortiter

punctato-striatis ; interspatiis ad apicem convexis, externis

totis convexis.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Bogota.

Head subtrigonate; vertex and front granulose, im-

pressed on either side near the eye with four or five deep

punctures; grooves separating the interocular space from

the front deeply impressed ; clypeus transverse, trigonate,

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 305

transversely impressed close to the anterior margin, the

margin itself reflexed; its upper surface distinctly

thickened and forming an ill-defined carina towards its

apex, the latter obtuse, separated from the face by an

angular groove; antenne about half the length of the

body, three lower joints obscure fulvous, the following two

piceous, the rest black. Thorax scarcely twice as broad as

long ; sides nearly parallel, obtusely rounded, the anterior

angles thickened, obtuse; upper surface granulose, finely

but not closely punctured; basal margin narrowly reflexed

on either side, impressed with a single row of deeper

punctures. Elytra broader than the thorax, oblong,

nitidous, strongly and deeply punctate-striate, the punc-

tures large, round; interspaces convex towards the apex

and on the outer disk; on their surfaces a few very fine

punctures are to be seen when viewed under a strong lens.

Separated from C. amazona and braziliensis by its

narrower form,

* Chetocnema labiata.

Ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigra, pedibus pallide

piceis, femoribus obscurioribus, femoribus posticis nigro-

eeneo tinctis; supra nigro-senea, antennis pallide piceis,

extrorsum nigris; thorace granuloso, minute et remote

punctato, lateribus intra marginem leviter incrassatis ;

elytris sat fortiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis nitidis,

convexiusculis, externis convexis.

Long. 2 lin. Hab.—Columbia, Santa Martha.

Head subtrigonate; vertex and front granulose, im-

pressed on either side near the eye with several irregular

fovex ; grooves separating the interocular spaces from the

front very distinct; clypeus trigonate, the sides sinuate,

the apex obtusely truncate, separated from the upper face

by an indistinct groove; labrum large, piceous, strongly

exserted; antennz more than half the length of the body,

six lower joints pale piceous, the rest black; second joint

thickened, more than two-thirds the length of the first,

about equal in length to the third, the latter slender.

Thorax nearly three times as broad as long; sides parallel,

very obtusely rounded, the anterior angles oblique, thick-

ened, obtusely rounded; upper surface transversely con-

vex, granulose, very minutely punctured; sides within

the lateral margin obsoletely thickened. LElytra broadly

ovate, broader than the thorax, convex, strongly and deeply

306 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

punctate-striate ; the interspaces nitidous, faintly convex,

more strongly so towards the apex of the elytron, and on

the outer disk; interspaces near the.outer margin sub-

costate; each interspace with a single row of very minute

punctures, visible only under a strong lens.

C. labiata may be known from its congeners by its

small size and by its very finely-punctured thorax.

Chetocnema Harold.

Anguste ovata, convexa, cuprea, subtus nigra, nitida,

antennis piceo-fulvis, his extrorsum pedibusque piceis ;

thorace granuloso, distincte punctato; elytris ovalibus,

regulariter, sat fortiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis

nitidis, convexiusculis, ad latera convexis.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Bogota.

Vertex and front granulose, the former impressed with

a distinct fovea, the latter impressed on either side with a

few distinct punctures; encarpz and carina entirely obso-

lete; clypeus trigonate, slightly convex, its apex truncate,

separated from the upper face by a deep transverse groove;

antenne half the length of the body, four upper joints

piceous. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides

parallel, nearly straight, the anterior angles thickened,

oblique; hinder ones slightly produced, acute; upper

surface convex, granulose, distinctly but not closely punc-

tured. Elytra broader than the thorax, oval, strongly

punctate-striate; interspaces shining, impunctate; when

seen under a deep lens, very finely wrinkled.

Chetocnema amazona.

Ovata, convexa, cuprea, nitida, subtus nigra, antennis

pedibusque obscure fulvis, illis extrorsum femoribusque

anticis quatuor piceis, femoribus posticis cupreis; thorace

minute granuloso, tenuiter sed distincte punctato; elytris

reculariter punctato-striatis, interspatiis ruguloso-granu-

losis, leviter convexiusculis, ad latera convexis.

Long. 2 lin. Hab.—Amazons, Santarem.

Vertex and front granulose, the latter impressed on

either side with a few deep punctures, sometimes arranged

in an oblique row ; encarpee and carina entirely obsolete,

clypeus trigonate, slightly convex, its apex obtusely trun-

cate, separated from the upper face by a transverse groove;

antenn scarcely half the length of the body, five outer

and of uncharacterized spectes of Halticine. 307

joints stained with piceous; labrum and jaws sometimes

piceous. ‘Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides

parallel, very slightly rounded, anterior angles thickened,

obliquely truncate, hinder angles acute; upper surface

granulose, finely but distinctly punctured. Scutellum

semirotundate. Elytra broader than the thorax, oblong-

ovate, attenuated towards the apex, convex, regularly punc-

tate-striate, interspaces finely granulose, faintly wrinkled,

each impressed with a single row of very fine punctures.

The punctuation both of the thorax and elytra varies

somewhat in degree in different individuals; the species

is apparently common.

Chetocnema braziliensis.

Anguste ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigra, pedibus

fulvo-piceis, femoribus posticis piceo-cupreis; supra cu-

prea, neo tincta, antennis fulvis, extrorsum rufo-piceis ;

thorace granuloso, evidenter, minus remote punctato ;

elytris sat fortiter punctato-striatis, imterspatiis nitidis,

convexiusculis, externis convexis.

Long. # lin. Hab.—Brazil.

Head not longer than broad, subtrigonate; vertex and

front granulose, impressed on either side with four or

five round punctures; oblique grooves separating the in-

terocular spaces from the front distinct, deeply impressed ;

carina oblong, well defined on the sides, its surface plane,

not raised above the disk of the clypeus; its apex sepa-

rated from the face by a transverse groove; antennz more

than half the length of the body, fulvous, slightly stained

with rufo-piceous towards the apex; second joint mode-

rately thickened, nearly as long as the first, equal in

length to the third. Thorax twice as broad as long; sides

rounded and converging from base to apex, nearly parallel

at the extreme base; anterior angles thickened, oblique ;

upper surface coarsely granulose, impressed with distinct,

aciculate, subremote punctures. Elytra broader than the

thorax, ovate, attenuated at the apex ; convex, regularly

punctate-striate; imterspaces nitidous, irregularly wrinkled

at the extreme base near the suture, slightly convex, more

strongly so near the outer margin; on each interspace

(when viewed under a strong lens) are seen a few minute

punctures,

308 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

Chetocnema Blanchardi.

Haltica enea, Blanch. Gay. Hist. Chil. v. p. 557 (1851).

Ovata, convexa, zenea, nitida, subtus piceo-zenea, pedi-

bus rufo-piceis, femoribus obscurioribus, antennis nigris,

basi rufo-piceis; thorace remote, tenuiter punctato; elytris

viridi-tinctis, pone medium attenuatis, regulariter, minus

fortiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis planis, interspatio

externo ante medium incrassato.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Chili.

Head subtrigonate ; vertex and front impunctate, finely

and irregularly granulose-strigose ; grooves separating the

interocular spaces from the front distinct ; encarpz and

carina entirely obsolete; clypeus plane, clothed with grise-

ous hairs, separated from the upper face by an angular

groove; labrum black; antennze half the length of the

body, robust, slightly thickened towards the apex, five

outer joints black, the others rufo-piceous; second to the

fifth joints equal in length. Thorax twice as broad as

long; sides converging from the base to beyond the middle,

thence more quickly rounded to the apex, anterior angles

thickened, slightly produced, subacute; upper surface

minutely reticulate-granulose, finely and remotely punc-

tured; on the basal margin on either side is a single row

of deeper punctures. Scutellum transverse, broadly

rounded. Elytra broader than the thorax at the base,

sides attenuated from their middle to the apex; above

convex, distinctly and regularly punctate-striate, inter-

spaces plane, finely granulose-reticulate; the anterior half

of the outer interspace thickened. :

Dibolia enea, Waterhouse, described in the Ent. Trans.

for 1838, belongs to the present genus; I have, therefore,

been compelled to change the name given by Blanchard

to the above insect; D. nigro-enea and ochracea, Waterh.

are also true species of Chetocnema.

Chetocnema rugiceps.

Breviter ovata, valde convexa, cupreo-enea, nitida,

tibiis, tarsis antennisque pallide piceis, his apice nigro-

piceis; vertice tumido, rude rugoso; thorace subfortiter

punctato, interspatiis granulosis; elytris fortiter punctato-

striatis, punctis in stria prima tota, et in secunda basi

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 309

confuse dispositis; interspatiis ad latera et ad apicem

convexiusculis, minute et remote punctatis.

Long. 13—12 lin. Hab.—Madagascar.

Vertex and front swollen, coarsely rugose, the latter

separated from the lower face by a deeply-grooved line;

clypeus large, pentangular, its apex truncate, its surface

impressed with large round punctures; the anterior mar-

gin depressed, from the middle of the depression a nar-

row wedge-shaped longitudinal ramus extends upwards

on the disk for about a third of its length; antennz

half the length of the body, robust, the six outer joints

dark piceous. Thorax at the base nearly three times

as broad as long; sides rounded and converging from base

to apex, the anterior angles slightly produced, subacute ;

upper surface transversely convex, granulose, impressed

with distinct round punctures; the middle portion of the

basal margin, together with the whole of the apical one,

raised and flattened, shining, impunctate. - Seutellum

twice as broad as long, broadly rounded. Elytra broader

than the thorax, their sides nearly parallel, their apices

regularly rounded; inflexed limb smooth and shining,

impressed on the inner edge by a single row of punctures.

Ch etocnema madagascarensis.

Late ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus picea, femoribus

posticis cupreis; supra piceo-cuprea, antennis fulvis, ad

apicem infuscatis; thorace granuloso, subnitido, minute,

subremote punctato; elytris piceis, cupreo micantibus ;

interspatiis nitidis, ad apicem convexiusculis, externis con-

VexIs.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.— Madagascar.

Head subtrigonate, net longer than broad; vertex

eranulose, very finely and subremotely punctured ; clypeus

pentangular, broader than long, its apex broadly truncate,

separated from the upper face by a broad, transverse

groove; its surface granulose, the disk impunctate, the

sides coarsely punctured ; labrum excavated on either

side, the medial space longitudinally elevated; antennz

half the length of the body, pale fulvous, two or three

outer joints stained with fuscous. Thorax more than

twice as broad as long; sides slightly rounded and slightly

converging from base to apex, the anterior angles thickened,

obliquely truncate ; upper surface granulose, very finely

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.) Z

310 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

and subremotely punctured; basal border narrowly mar-

gined, impressed with a single row of deep punctures.

Elytra broader than the thorax, broadly oblong-ovate,

slightly attenuated at the apex, strongly punctate- striate,

interspaces (when seen under a strong lens) very minutely

punctured; on the inner disk before the middle they are

faintly transversely wrinkled.

Chetocnema parvula.

Ovata, convexa, _cupreo-nigra, nitida, subtus piceo-

nigra, femoribus piceis, posticis apice exceptis nigris,

tibiis tarsisque fulvis, piceo-tinctis; capite levi, cupreo,

antennis fulvis, extrorsum nigro-piceis ; thorace subere-

bre punctato, punctis oblongis, leviter impressis, ad latera

magis remotis; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, mterspatiis

planis, externo ante medium incrassato.

Long. 4 lin. Hab.—Ceylon.

Head rotundate, vertex and front impunctate, very

finely granulose; front impressed on either side above

the eye with a short longitudinal sulcation, which runs

downwards into the oblique groove separating the inter-

ocular space from the front; immediately exterior to the

sulcation is a single round fovea; encarpz obsolete;

carina narrowly oblong, its lower apex acuminate; an-

tenne more than half the length of the body, four lower

joints fulvous, the rest pitchy-black. Thorax more than

twice as broad as long; sides converging and rounded

from base to apex, the anterior angles thickened, nearly

perpendicular; above transversely convex, nitidous, im-

pressed, but not deeply, with oblong punctures; hinder

border distinctly margined, impressed with a single row

of deeper punctures. Elytra broader than the thorax at

the base, attenuated towards the apex, convex, regularly

punctate-striate; the interspaces plane, each impressed

with a single row of minute punctures; anterior half of

outer interspace thickened.

Chetocnema basalis.

Breviter ovata, nigro-senea, nitida, pedibus obscure

fulvis, piceo-tinctis, femoribus posticis nigro-sneis; an-

tennis fulvis, extrorsum infuscatis; thorace levi, disco

punctis oblongis subremotis, leviter impresso, basi serie

unica punctorum distinctorum magis fortiter impresso ;

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 311

elytris regulariter punctato-striatis, interspatiis levibus,

externis convexis.

Long. § lin. Hab.—India.

Head trigonate, vertex and front shining, reticulate-

granulose, impunctate, the latter impressed on either side

just above the eye with a large double fovea; oblique

grooves separating the interocular spaces from the front

distinct; carina oblong, its apex obtuse, separated from

the upper face by a distinct impression; antennz nearly

three-fourths the length of the body, seven or eight outer

joints stained with piceous. Thorax more than twice as

broad as long ; sides rounded and converging from base

to apex, anterior angles thickened, slightly produced, sub-

acute ; upper surface nitidous, impressed rather remotely

with shallow, oblong punctures ; at the extreme base is a

single row of deeper punctures. LElytra broader than the

thorax, broadly oblong, slightly attenuated at the apex ;

convex, regularly and rather strongly punctate-striate ;

interspaces plane, nitidous, those near the outer margin

convex; inflexed limb nitidous, impressed on its inner

edge with a single row of punctures.

Chetocnema Westwoodi.

Anguste ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus piceo-cuprea,

pedibus fulvis, femoribus posticis piceis, cupreo tinctis;

supra cuprea, antennis fulvis, extrorsum piceis ; thorace

crebre foveolato-punctato ; ely tris fortiter punctato-stria-

tis, stria prima et interspatio primo confuse punctatis;

interspatis nitidis, hic illic obsolete, irregulariter granu-

loso-strigosis, ad apicem, nec non externis totis, con-

vexis.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Batchian.

Head trigonate; vertex broad, convex, and, together

with the front, closely covered with large round punc-

tures; interspaces on the sides elevate-reticulate ; grooves

separating the interocular spaces from the front nearly

obsolete; interocular spaces coarsely punctured; labrum

black; antennz about half the length of the body, fulvous,

the five outer joints piceous ; second joint moderately

thickened, ovate, more than half the length of the first ;

third, fourth and fifth each equal in leneth to the basal

one. ‘Thorax twice as broad as long; sides parallel at

the base, rounded and converging before the middle,

anterior angles thickened, slightly produced, subacute ;

312. Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

upper surface nitidous, closely covered with large round,

deeply-impressed punctures, rather less crowded on the

middle of the disk; interspaces on the sides faintly

elevate-reticulate. HElytra broader than the thorax, ovate,

attenuated towards the apex, convex, strongly punctate-

striate, the stria next the suture irregularly punctured ;

interspaces plane, thickened near the apex, the interspaces

near the outer margin convex for their whole length;

interspace between the first stria and the suture covered

with deep punctures, equal in size to those on the striz ;

inflexed limb deeply and closely punctured.

Chetocnema nitens.

Breviter ovata, convexa, nigro-cuprea, nitida; antennis

fulvis, extrorsum pallide piceis 5 subtus nigra, pedibus

fulvis, femoribus posticis NIgro-picels ; ; thorace obsolete,

sat remote punctato, basi serie unica punctorum distinc-

torum impresso; elytris fortiter et regulariter punctato-

striatis, interspatiis lzevibus, planis, externis vix convexi-

usculis.

Long. 3 lin. Hab.— Batchian; collected by Mr.

Wallace.

Head rotundate, granulose-strigose; front impressed on

either side with two or three deep fovee ; encarpe obsolete;

carina defined, not elevated, oblong, Pa apex acute, con-

tiguous with the front ; ; clypeus triangular, coarsely punc-

tured on either side the carina; antenne three-fourths the

length of the body. Thorax more than twice as broad as

long ; ; sides straight and slightly converging from the base

to just beyond their middle, thence rounded and converging

to the apex, anterior angles obtuse; upper surface very

finely and rather distantly punctured, interspaces shining,

impunctate ; basal margin impressed with a single row of

large punctures. Scutellum scarcely broader than long,

semirotundate. Elytra broader than the thorax, oblong-

ovate, convex, strongly and deeply punctate-striate ; inter-

spaces shining, plane, those on the extreme outer edge

very slightly convex ; a few very minute punctures, only

visible under a deep lens, are scattered over their surfaces.

Chetocnema malayana.

Oblongo- ovata, convexa, subtus nigra, supra leete cuprea,

nitida, pedibus antennisque rufo-fulvis, his extrorsum

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 313

piceis, femoribus posticis piceo-cupreis; capite rude punc-

tato; thorace sat crebre, foveolato-punctato; elytris con-

cinne punctato-striatis, striis apicem versus per paria

dispositis.

Long. 1} lin. Hab.—Malay Archipelago.

Head not longer than broad, trigonate, vertex broad,

deeply rugose-punctate, interspaces granulose; encarpze

and carina entirely obsolete; front separated from the

interocular space on either side by a fine, oblique groove ;

clypeus coarsely punctured, its apex truncate, separated

from the upper face by a transverse groove; antennee half

the length of the body, four lower joints rufo-fulvous ;

the second jomt moderately thickened, more than half

the length of the first, the third rather longer than the

second. Thorax twice as broad as long; sides straight

and parallel, rounded and converging in front, anterior

angles thickened, slightly produced, subacute ; upper sur-

face closely covered with large, deeply impressed, round

punctures; on the middle disk the puncturing is less

crowded, and on its hinder half is a small longitudinal

space entirely free from punctures; interspaces shining,

impunctate, those on the sides transversely elevate-reticu-

late. LElytra broader than the thorax, attenuated at the

apex, closely covered with large round punctures, arranged

in longitudinal rows, those on the hinder disk approxi-

mate in pairs, near the apex of the elytron these double

rows dwindle into single ones; interspaces nitidous, finely

eranulose-reticulate, each alternate imterspace obsoletely

thickened, and forming when viewed in a certain light a

faint longitudinal costa; towards the apex these costz are

much more distinct; on the anterior disk the surface is

irregularly wrinkled.

Chetocnema Wilsonz.

Ovata, convexa, nitida, subeus nigra, pedibus piceis,

femoribus posticis cupreo tinctis; tibiis tarsisque obscure

piceo-fulvis; supra cupreo- zenea, antennis fulvis, extror-

sum piceis ; thorace sat fortiter, suberebre punctato; ; elytris

fortiter punctato-striatis, stria prima confusa ; interspatiis

leevibus, remote, minute punctatis, ad apicem nec non ad

latera convexiusculis.

Long. 14 lin. Hab.—South Australia.

Head not longer than broad; vertex very minutely

and irregularly strigose ; front distinctly but finely ru-

314. Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

gose, impressed on either side, near the upper angle of

the eye, with three or four deep punctures; groove sepa-

rating the front from the interocular space well defined ;

clypeus slightly broader than long, its apex obtusely

truncate; antennz about half the length of the body.

Thorax more than twice as broad as long; sides con-

verging from base to apex, slightly convex; anterior angles

thickened, broadly and obliquely truncate; disk strongly

punctured. LElytra oblong-ovate, attenuated towards the

apex, convex, strongly punctate-striate, the puncturing on

the first stria irregularly placed; imterspaces convex at

their apices and on the outer disk, nitidous, distantly

impressed with fine punctures.

Chetocnema propingua.

Anguste oblongo-ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigro-

picea, pedibus sordide fulvis, femoribus posticis piceis,

cupreo tinctis; supra piceo-cuprea aut cuprea; antennis

piceis, basi fulvis; thorace profunde, subcrebre punctato,

utrinque basi leviter impresso; elytris sat profunde

punctato-striatis, striad prima minus regulariter punctata ;

interspatiis nitidis, ad apicem convexis, distincte, sub-

remote punctatis, externis totis convexis.

Long. 14 lin. Hab.—South Australia, Adelaide.

Head trigonate; vertex and front rugulose, finely

punctured, impressed on either side with four or five

deep foveze; interocular spaces separated from the front

on each side by a deep flexuose groove; clypeus smooth,

nearly impunctate, its apex broadly truncate, separated

from the upper face by.a deep transverse groove ; its lower

half, together with the parts of the mouth, piceous; an-

tenn about half the length of the body, the five lower

joints fulvous, the rest piceous; the second joint mode-

rately thickened, two-thirds the length of the first, the

third equal in length to the second. Thorax nearly three

times as broad as ‘long: sides slightly rounded, converging

towards the apex, the anterior angle obliquely truncate,

produced laterally into a small, acute tooth; upper surface

transversely convex, strongly and deeply punctured; on

either side the basal margin, at some distance from the

lateral border, is a small depression, which extends trans-

versely inwards for a short distance towards the medial

lobe. Elytra broader than the thorax, oblong, attenuated

at the apex, convex, strongly and deeply punctate-striate,

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine, 315

the punctures much larger than those on the thorax;

on the first stria they are less regularly placed than

on the others; interspaces shining, finely but remotely

punctured, convex behind the middle, thickened near the

apex, those on the outer disk convex for their whole

length; inflexed limb smooth and shining, impressed on

the inner edge with a single row of punctures.

Chetocnema Waterhouse.

Elongata subparallela, convexa, nitida, subtus nigra,

pedibus obscure fulvis, femoribus piceis, posticis cupreo

tinctis; supra obscure cuprea, antennis fulvis, ad apicem

leviter infuscatis; capite exserto, ruguloso; thorace crebre

et profunde punctato; elytris thorace paullo latioribus, sub-

parallelis, fortiter punctato-striatis, strié prima confusa ;

interspatiis transversim granuloso-strigosis, convexis, ex-

ternis subcostatis.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Western Australia; collected by

Mr. Duboulay.

Head very similar in form to that of C. megalopoides,

rather less exserted; vertex finely transversely rugulose ;

front rugulose-punctate, sparingly clothed with short

eriseous hairs; sutural grooves separating it from the

interocular spaces, nearly obsolete, being only visible on

their inner portion; apex of clypeus obtuse, separated from

the front by a transverse groove; antennz about half the

length of the body, pale fulvous, six outer joints stained

with fuscous; second joint thickened, more than half the

length of the first, third distinctly shorter than the second.

Thorax twice as broad as long; sides straight and parallel,

anterior angles thickened, obliquely and narrowly trun-

cate; upper surface transversely convex, deeply and closely

punctured, rugulose on the sides; on either side, near the

lateral margin, are a few short griseous hairs, similar to

those on the front. Elytra scarcely broader than the

thorax, narrowly oblong, sides subparallel; above mode-

rately conxex, strongly punctate-striate, the punctures on

the short stria next the suture irregularly placed; inter-

spaces transversely granulose-strigose, distinctly convex,

those near the outer margin subcostate.

Chetocnema laticeps.

Elongato-ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigro-picea,

pedibus anticis quatuor pallidioribus, tibiis anticis, tarsis-

316 Mr. J. 8S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

que anticis quatuor fulvis; supra cuprea, antennis fulvis;

capite longitudine latiori, ruguloso; thorace profunde et

crebre punctato, ad latera ruguloso; elytris fortiter punc-

tato-striatis, strid prima tota et stria secunda ante me-

dium confusis; interspatiis nitidis, externis convexius-

culis.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Western Australia.

Head rather broader than long; vertex and front

rugose, punctate, impressed within the eyes with large

round punctures; sutural grooves separating the front

from the interocular spaces nearly obsolete; clypeus very

short, piceous; antennee rather more than half the length

of the body, six outer joints stained with fuscous; basal

joint nearly equal in length to the two following united,

the second scarcely thickened, equal in length to the third.

Thorax three times as broad as long; sides rounded and

converging from the base to the middle, thence straight

and very slightly converging to the apex, anterior angle

thickened, its extreme apex obtuse; upper surface closely

and deeply impressed with large round punctures; inter-

spaces shining, rugulose on the sides. Elytra oblong-

ovate, rather broader than the thorax; above convex,

strongly punctate-striate, the punctures on the whole of

the first stria, together with those on the anterior half of

the second, confused; interspaces nitidous, convex towards

the apex, those on the outer margin convex for their whole

length.

The more ovate form, the bread head, short clypeus,

differently-shaped thorax and the more confused punctua-

tion at the inner base of the elytron, separate this species

at once from C. Waterhouset.

Chetocnema laticollis.

Ovata, convexa, nigro-cuprea, nitida, antennis nigris,

basi piceis; subtus nigra, pedibus piceo-zeneis, tibiis tar-

sisque fulvo-piceis; capite magno, thoracem latitudine

eequanti, leevissime ruguloso; thorace elytris fere aequilato,

nitido, basi utringue oblique impresso; disco levissime

ruguloso, tenuiter punctato, lateribus magis distincte punc-

tatis, distincte rugulosis; elytris regulariter punctato-

striatis, interspatiis planis, externis convexis. Mas.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Western Australia, Swan River.

Head large ; vertex and front broad, slightly convex,

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 317

impunctate, finely rugulose; interocular spaces impressed

with a few large round punctures, separated from the front

on either side by an oblique flexuose groove, the lower end

of which is connected with its fellow of the opposite side

by the transverse groove separating the apex of the clypeus

from the upper face : encarpe and carina obsolete ; clypeus

short, very broad ; labrum large, its anterior margin ob-

tusely angulate ; mandibles large ; antenne scarcely half

the length of the body, five or six lower joints piceous,

the rest black. Thorax nearly three times as broad as

long; sides straight and parallel at the base, thence very

slightly converging to the apex, the anterior angles pro-

duced laterally into a very short subacute tooth; middle

third of apical margin slightly sinuate ; above subcylindri-

cal, impressed on dln side at the rete. with a shallow,

slihtly oblique, longitudinal groove, which extends up-

wards on the disk for a fourth of its length; surface very

finely granulose-rugose, nitidous, finely punctured, the

puncturing and rugosity more distinct on the sides.

Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax at the base,

attenuated from before the middle to the apex, convex,

regularly and deeply punctate-striate ; interspaces plane,

convex on the outer disk, sparingly impressed with very

minute punctures. Legs short, robust, basal jomt of

hinder tarsus dilated in the ¢.

Separated from C. enea, Waterhouse, by its smoother

head and thorax; from niyro-enea of the same author, by

the smoother thorax and by the basal thoracic grooves.

Chetocnema brevicornis.

Anguste ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigra, supra

cuprea, pedibus antennisque rufo-fulvis, his extrorsum

nigro-piceis, femoribus posticis cupreis ; thorace granu-

logo, minute, subremote punctato; elytris ovalibus, sat

tenuiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis planis, granulosis.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Western Australia.

Head subrotundate; vertex and front granulose, finely

punctured; grooves separating the front from the inter-

ocular spaces distinct; clypeus plane, more coarsely

punctured than the front, its apex broadly truncate ;

antenn slender, much less than half the length of the

body, rufo- fulvous at the base, the seven outer joints

nigro-piceous. Thorax twice as broad as long; sides

318 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

parallel at the extreme base, thence rounded and con-

verging to the apex, anterior angles thickened, obtuse ;

above convex, granulose, finely and subremotely punc-

tured. LElytra soldered together at the suture, broader

than the thorax, oval, truncate at the base; convex,

regularly punctate-striate, the punctures shallow, but

much larger than those on the thorax ; interspaces plane,

granulose.

Genus XENIDEA, Baly.

Xenidea Wallacet.

Anguste ovata, convexa, picea, nitida, pedibus anticis

quatuor antennisque obscure fulvis; thorace minute, sub-

crebre punctato; elytris metallico-violaceis, piceo-tinctis,

distincte punctato-striatis ; imterspatiis planis, externis

convexiusculis.

Long. 1$ lm. Hab.—Sulu Islands, New Guinea.

Head trigonate, scarcely longer than broad; vertex and

front shining, impunctate; frontal grooves oblique, ex-

tending downwards from the upper margin of the eyes to

the carina; the latter strongly raised, rather broader and

less compressed than in_X. purpureipennis ; antennz more

than half the length of the body. Thorax twice as broad

as long; sides straight, faintly bismuate, anterior angles

obliquely truncate; upper surface convex, finely but

rather closely punctured. Elytra broader than the

thorax, oblong-ovate, slightly attenuated towards the

apex, distinctly punctate-striate, interspaces impunctate.

Xenidea purpureipennis.

Ovata, convexa, rufo-testacea, nitida, pleuris, tarsis

tibiisque posticis piceis; antennis nigris, articulis basali-

bus fulvis, 9mo et 10mo flavo-albidis; femoribus posticis

elytrisque metallico-purpureis; his regulariter punctato-

striatis, interspatiis convexiusculis, ad latera et ad apicem

convexis; thorace leevi, remote, tenuissime punctato.

Long. 2 lin. Hab.—New Guinea (Dorey).

Head triangular, not longer than broad; vertex and

front smooth, impunctate; encarpz obsolete; carina -

strongly raised, linear; frontal grooves bordering the

upper half of the inner margin of the eye, then abruptly

curving inwards, nearly at ‘Tight angles, to the carina;

antennze slightly more than half the length of the body.

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 319

Thorax twice as broad as long; sides nearly straight,

only very slightly rounded and slightly converging from

base to apex, anterior angle obliquely truncate, “produced

laterally into a short t acute tooth; upper surface smooth

and shining, remotely impressed with very minute punc-

tures. Elytra much broader than the thorax, convex,

rather strongly punctate-striate ; interspaces smooth, im-

punctate.

Genus EuPLECTROSCELIS, Crotch.

Homophyla, Harold.

Euplectroscelis Deyrollet.

Late ovata, convexa, pallide picea, nitida, capite piceo,

vertice utrinque pone oculum nigro, antennis fulvis;

thorace nigro- piceo, anguste marginato, tenuissime punc-

tato, utrinque intra marginem longitudinaliter 1 IMPresso 3

elytris tenuiter punctatis, punctis linedque suturali nigro-

piceis.

Long. 15 lin. Hab.—Brazil.

Head triangular; vertex and front slightly swollen,

shining, impunctate; encarpe obsolete; carina well de-

fined, rhomboidal; antennz about half the length of the

body, third joint nearly one-half longer than the second,

the fourth one-half longer than the third. Thorax three

times as broad as long; sides slightly rounded, obliquely

converging from base ‘to apex, anterior angles very ob-

liquely truncate, obtuse; basal margin slightly oblique

and bisinuate on either side, the medial lobe slightly

produced, obtusely truncate ; disk very finely punctured,

on either side within the lateral margin is an ill-defined

longitudinal depression. Scutellum not broader than

lone, semirotundate-ovate. Jilytra broader than the

thorax, attenuated near the apex, minutely punctured,

the punctures, together with a narrow sutural line, nigro-

piceous.

Euplectroscelis tibialis.

Ovato-rotundata, valde convexa, nigra, nitida, pedibus

nigro-piceis, antennis sordide-fulvis, apice nigris; thorace

subcrebre, tenuiter punctato, ely ‘tris subremote punctatis.

Mas.—Tibiis posticis valde incrassatis.

Long. 1} lin. Z/ab.—Brazil, Bahia.

Head rotundate, vertex smooth, impunctate; encarpz

320 Mr. J.S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

raised, oblique, linear, separated by the apex of the carina,

the latter raised, oblong; lower portion of clypeus and

labrum piceous; antenne three-fourths the length of the

body, robust, obscure fulvous, three outer joints black ;

second and third joints equal in length, the fourth rather

longer than the third. Thorax more than twice as broad

as long ; sides straight, quickly converging from base to

apex, anterior angles oblique, thickened; basal margin

bisinuate on either side, the medial lobe obtusely rounded ;

upper surface finely and rather closely punctured. Scu-

tellum semirotundate. Elytra broader than the thorax,

minutely and rather distantly punctured. Hinder tibia

equal in length to the femur, compressed at the base,

strongly thickened towards the apex, its upper surface

flattened, slightly concave near the apex; basal joint of

hinder tarsus dilated, subtrigonate. ¢.

Euplectroscelis bimaculata.

Rotundato-ovata, convexa, nitida, pallide rufo-picea,

antennis, pedibus anticis quatuor tarsisque posticis obscure

fulvis; vertice femoribusque posticis piceis ; thorace minute

punctato; elytris minute punctatis, nigro-picels, utrisque

plaga rotundata prope medium posita rufa.

Long. 14 lin. Hab.—Brazil, Parana.

Head trigonate, not longer than broad; vertex and

front slightly swollen, smooth, impunctate ; encarpz obso-

lete; carina strongly raised, linear; eyes large, ovate-

rotundate; antenne four-fifths the length of the body,

filiform, apex of terminal joint emarginate. Thorax three

times as broad as long; sides nearly straight, converging

from base to apex, anterior angles obliquely truncate,

thickened; basal margin bisinuate on either side, the

medial lobe very obtusely rounded; upper surface finely

punctured. lytra finely punctured, the interspaces

(when seen under a strong lens) covered with very fine

irregular strigee ; hinder tibixe robust.

Euplectroscelis placida.

Late ovata, convexa, pallide picea, nitida, pedibus an-

tennisque fulvis, femoribus tibiisque posticis pallide piceis;

vertice impunctato, obscurior1; thorace sat tenuiter punc-

and of uncharacterized species of Halticine. 321

tato; elytris distincte punctatis; tibiis posticis modice

robustis.

Mas. Tibiz antice articulo basali dilatato.

Long. 1 lin. Hab.—Brazil.

Head rotundate, vertex smooth, impunctate; encarpe

obsolete ; carina broad, its apex angulate, slightly raised,

ill- defined; antennze nearly three-fourths the length of the

body, second and third joints nearly equal, the fourth one-

half longer than the third. Thorax three times as broad

as long; sides nearly straight, converging from base to

apex, anterior angle obliquely truncate, its outer edge

produced slightly outwards; upper surface finely but not

closely punctured. Elytra broader than the thorax, regu-

larly rounded at the apex, distinctly punctured.

Euplectroscelis nigripennis.

Breviter ovata, valde convexa, fulva, nitida, thorace

rufo-fulvo, levi, minute punctato; elytris nigris, confuse,

tenuiter punctatis.

Long. 14 lin. Hab.—Para.

Head subtrigonate; vertex and front narrow, longitudi-

nally convex, very finely punctured, the punctures only

visible under a strong lens; encarpz obsolete; carina nar-

row, elongate; eyes large; antenne more than three-

fourths the length of the body, fulvous, the terminal joint

stained with piceous. Thorax twice as broad at the

base as long; sides converging from base to apex, nearly

straight, very slightly rounded; anterior angles obliquely

truncate; impressed near the lower end with a large,

round setiferous fovea; basal margin bisinuate on either

side, medial lobe broadly and very obtusely rounded;

upper surface nitidous, finely but not closely punctured.

Scutellum piceous. Elytra much broader than the tho-

rax, very convex, finely but rather more strongly punc-

tured than the thorax; below the humeral callus are a

few larger punctures; interspaces shining, impunctate.

Hinder tibiz equal in length to the femur, the outer

surface broadly channelled for nearly its whole length.

Euplectroscelis sordida.

Hate ovata, valde convexa, nitida, subtus fusca, pedibus

322 Mr. J. S. Baly’s descriptions of new genera

nigro-piceis; supra picea, antennis nigris; elytris fuscis,

tenuiter punctatis, pone medium nigro-piceis.

Long. 2 lin. Hab.— Amazons.

Head triangular; vertex shghtly thickened, very finely

punctured ; encarpz obsolete ; carina strongly raised, elon-

gate; antenne with the three lower joints pale piceous, the

rest black; second joint short, ovate, the third slender,

filiform, twice the length of the second, fourth equal in

length to the third. Thorax more than twice as broad as

long; sides straight and quickly converging from base to

apex, slightly sinuate behind the anterior angle, the latter

obliquely truncate; basal margin bisinuate on either side,

medial lobe slightly produced, obtusely truncate ; upper

surface finely punctured. lytra less closely punctured

than the thorax. Hinder tibie nearly straight, slender at

the base, gradually thickened towards the apex.

Genus Mercisrors, Boh.

Megistops ornatus.

Ovalis, convexus, pallide piceus, nitidus, capite, antennis

extrorsum, femoribus posticis apice tarsisque, rufo-piceis ;

thorace crebre punctato, leviter ruguloso; elytris rufo-

piceis, tenuiter, sat crebre punctatis, utrisque maculis

duabus, prima oblonga, a basi fere ad medium extensa

9 hod) 2

A 2 tL A A :

secunda pone medium posita, subrotundata, fulvis.

Long. 13 lin. Hab.—Amazons; Santarem.

Head exserted, rotundate ; eyes large, contiguous; en-

carpe well defined, transverse, contiguous; carina raised,

elongate; antenne half the length of the body, four lower

joints pale piceous, the rest nigro-piceous. Thorax nearly

three times as broad as long; sides converging from base

to apex, nearly straight, anterior angles oblique, obtuse ;

above transversely convex, closely punctured, finely rugu-

_ lose. Scutellum trigonate. LElytra much broader than

the thorax, ovate, finely and closely rugulose-punctate, the

puncturing less crowded towards the apex, the interstices

on that portion of the elytron smoother and less distinctly

rugulose.

Megistops pretiosus.

Anguste ovalis, fulvus, nitidus, capite pedibusque pos-

ticis piceo-fulvis; antennis, basi exceptis, nigris; thorace

and of uncharacterized species of [alticine. 323

crebre, tenuiter punctato, leviter ruguloso; elytris oblongis,

lateribus sinuatis, tenuiter punctatis, piceis, limbo laterali

piceo fulvo; utrisque plagis duabus, una oblonga, paullo

obliqua, a basi prope suturam ad medium producti, altera

pone medium subrotundata, fulvis ornatis.

Long. 12 lin. Hab.—Venezuela.

Head exserted, eyes very large, contiguous; encarpze

well defined, transverse, contiguous; carina obsolete ;

antennz about half the length of the body, black, three

lower joints fulvous. Thorax three times as broad as

long; sides converging and slightly rounded from base to

apex, the anterior angles obtuse ; upper surface punctured

as in M. ornatus. Elytra pone: than the thorax, nar-

rowly oblong, sinuate on the sides, slightly attenuated

towards the apex, punctured similarly to M. ornatus.

a ree Pree ny

te 5 Segre

“5 a ini * Re!

( 325 )

XXIII. On the Lepidoptera of the Family Lithosiide,

tn the Collection of the British Museum. By

ARTHUR G. BuTuER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.

[Read October 3rd, 1877. ]

My object in the publication of the present paper is to

make a list of the species of Lithosiide at present existing

in the National Collection, at the same time correcting

the numerous erroneous determinations, chiefly with refer-

ence to genera, in Mr. Walker’s lists; in order to do this

satisfactorily, I have continued my studies in the wing

veining of the species, but chiefly confining myself to that

of the secondaries, which has, to a great extent, enabled

me satisfactorily to locate them in their proper genera.

Owing to the affinity which appears to exist between

some of the smaller Lithosiids and some genera of Tineites,

I feel some compunction in admitting them into this paper;

still I think on the whole they are better where they are,

unless they can be proved, by breeding, to belong to the

Hyponomeutide ; I refer to such genera as Talura and

Trichromia, which seem not only allied to the Lithosiid

genus Cisthene, but less closely to Atteva = Corinea,

Cydosia, &c. of the Hyponomeutide.

The genus Mepha, referred by Walker to the Tineites,

appears to be allied to Cisthene.

Family LITHOSIID &.

CrrysocaLeE, Walker (restricted*). (Pl. VIII. figs. 1, 2.)

1. C. magnifica, Wik. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 96. Hab.—

Bogota.

This species has no structural points in common with

the three forms of Eupyra, to which Walker first applied

the generic name.

* This generic name cannot be retained as originally applied. I have,

therefore, adopted it for C. magnifica only, using Walker’s extension of

the group.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.) AA

326 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

ANTONA, Walker.

2. Antona subluna, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 480. Hab.—

Rio Janeno, Brazil.

This genus seems clearly to be allied to the preceding.

_Apistosia, Hibner.

3. Apistosia judas, Hiibn. Sml. Exot. Schm. Zutr. figs.

51,52. Hab.—Honduras, Guatemala.

4, Apistosia terminalis, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p.478. =Hab.—

Mexico.

A.? multifaria does not belong to this genus, but is

= Ctenucha rubroscapus.

A.? umber of Cramer is an Opharus, a genus near

Halesidota,

Lerina, Walker.

5. Lerina incarnata, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 477. Hab.—

Mexico.

Tuina = Iruna, Walker (nec Doubleday).

6. Tuina cingulata, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 481. Hab.—

Honduras.

CissurA, Walker.

7. Cissura decora, WIk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 488.

Cratosia parallela, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep. iv.

pl. evi. fig. 8. Hab.—Brazil.

Hypopreria, Hubner.

8. Hypoprepia fucosa, Hiibn. Sml. Exot. Schm. Zutr.

figs. 471, 472. Hab.—N. America.

9. Hypoprepia vittata — Gnophria vittata, Harris. Hab.—

N. America.

10. Hypoprepia miniata — Lithosia miniata, Kirby,

10, A. iv. p. 805. Hab. — Canada, N.

America.

Mr. Grote says (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. 1863, vol. ii.

p- 31) that “ Lithosia miniata, Kirby, and Gnophria

vittata, Harris, are undoubtedly synonyms” of H. fucosa,

Lepidoptera of the family Lithoside. 327

Hiibn. The three forms chiefly differ in the width of the

slaty black border of the secondaries, which attains its

extreme width of half the wing in HZ. vittata, is narrower

in H. fucosa, and in H. miniata is reduced to a slender

and even interrupted marginal band, not encroaching

upon the fringe. I cannot regard H. fucosa as con-

generic with the smaller species subsequently associated

with it, since the subcostal and median branches of the

secondaries are emitted from footstalks beyond the end of

the discoidal cell.

CISTHENE, Walker.

11. Cisthene unifascia, Grote, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ii.

p- 187, pl. 1. fig. 63 ¢. Hab.—Texas (Bel-

frage).

We have two examples, both having the apex of

secondaries dark as in C. subjecta; they differ much in

size and in the width of the transverse yellow band of

primaries; still both differ from C. subjecta in haying this

band and the internal border uninterrupted, whereas in

C. subjecta the band is always broken through and the

inner border incloses a more or less pronounced internal

blackish streak. Our smaller Texan form may be C. tenui-

fascia.

12. Cisthene subjecta, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 534.

Hob.— United States.

We have two examples of what may be a variety of

this species; they are rather longer in the primaries and

have no transverse yellow band.

13. Cisthene minuta, n. sp. Hab. — Sta. Martha

(Bouchard).

Allied to C. subjecta; primaries silver-grey, with a

white interno-median streak from base to external angle;

secondaries rose-red, the apex broadly and the outer

margin narrowly brown; fringe grey; head and thorax

whitish, abdomen rose-red; primaries below brown, with

white interno-median streak; otherwise as above: expanse

of wings 6 lines.

14. Cisthene hilaris, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep.

pl. exxxix. fig. 3. Hab.— Venezuela (Dyson).

AA 2 .

328 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

TricuHromia, Hubner.

15. Trichromia trigemmis, Hiibn. Sml. Ex. Schm. Zutr.

figs. 477, 478. _Hab.—Lspiritu Sancto.

Cisthene faustinula and C. nexa of Stretch much

resemble this species.

16. Trichromia bipartita = Lycomorpha bipartita, WIk.

Lep. Het. Suppl. 5, p. 1871. Hab.—Para.

17. Trichromia suspecta = Cisthene? suspecta, Felder,

Reise der Nov. Lep. v. pl. exxxvili. fig. 45.

Hab.—Kspiritu Sancto.

- Felder’s figure is not good, the band of primaries being

broader and the ground-colour shot with blue.

18. Trichromia strigosa, n. sp. Hab.—LEspiritu Sancto.

Primaries ochre-yellow, becoming blackish towards the

outer margin; a longitudinal black streak through the

centre of the lower discoidal interspace; secondaries ashy-

erey; head and thorax ochre-yellow, with a lateral brown

streak bounding the inner margins of the tegule ; abdomen

ashy-grey ; antenn black; under surface brown; prima-

ries with a subcostal ochreous streak from base to just

beyond the cell: expanse of wings 8 lines.

Not nearly allied to any species known to me.

Mapua, Walker.

19. Mepha opulentana, WlIk. Lep. Het. 30, p. 1014.

Hab.—Kga and Espiritu Sancto.

20. Mepha variegata—Cisthene variegata, Wlk. Lep.

Het. 31, p. 242. Hab.—Kga.

21. Meepha plicata, n. sp. Hab.—Espiritu Sancto.

Primaries above shining golden, the costa apparently

folded back and fringed, owing to the presence of a ridge

of dense upright scales through the cell and joining an

‘oblique fold from the end of “the cell to the costa near

apex ; veins, and two transverse parallel lines (interrupted

by the disco:dal ridge), shining purple; a scarlet spot

beyond the end of the cell; fringe brown; secondaries

vermillion, with the apex black ; head and thorax golden

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 329

yellow, margined with black; antennze black; abdomen

red; wings below red; primaries with the costal and

inner borders testaceous; a central black costal line, and

a subcostal line below it, both black, their outer ex-

tremities partially connected by brown scales; apical and

external borders broadly brown, crossed by darker veins ;

secondaries as above excepting that the costa is yellowish;

body below shining golden; the legs with silvery cox

and femora, and purple streaked femora and tibie: ex-

panse of wings 83 lines.

Allied to the preceding species.

22. Mepha sesapina, n. sp... Hab.—EKspiritu Sancto.

Primaries above ochre-yellow, crossed in the centre by

two irregular dark brown lines, the outer line zigzag ; the

basal and discal areas with dark brown dashes along the

veins; outer margin slenderly brown, fringe tipped with

whitish ; secondaries rosy, the apex and fringe greyish;

head and thorax ochre-yellow; a central longitudinal

blackish line through the head and collar; antenne

brown, tipped with white; abdomen rosy; wings below

rosy; primaries with the costal and external areas

yellowish ; brown markings less distinct than above; two

large dusky costal blotches; secondaries with the costa

yellowish; a dusky spot at apex; body below yellow: ex-

panse of wings 7 lines.

Allied to the preceding species; the primaries marked

like Sesapa.

Tatara, Walker.

23. Talara megaspila, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 5, p. 1891.

Hab.—Kga.

24. Talara coccinea, n. sp. Hab.—Villa Nova.

Primaries above scarlet, the apical two-thirds of costa

yellowish ; a black oval costal spot just beyond the cell;

fringe stramineous, dusky at the base excepting at apex

and external angle; secondaries smoky brown, rosy at

the base; costa and fringe white; head and thorax

scarlet ; antennz, excepting at the base, black ; abdomen

brown; wings below brown, the base rosy; primaries

with the costa rosy towards the base and ochraceous

towards the apex ; a blackish costal dash beyond the cell;

fringe whitish; body below brown, the palpi, cox and

femora scarlet, the tarsi white: expanse of wings 9 lines.

330 ' Mr. A. G. Butler on the

Gerba, Walker.

25. Gerba quadrifasciata, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p. 270. Hab.—Oaxaca.

Scarcely generically distinct from Ruscino.

Ruscino, Walker.

26. Ruscino arctifascia, n. sp.

Ruscino menea, Wik. (nec Drury), Lep. Het. 2,

p- 564. Hab.—Honduras.

27. Ruscino latifasciatus, Butler, Ann. & Mag. S. 4,

vol. xv. p. 341. Hab.— Veragua.

28, Ruscino ee Wik. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 264.

This species coe from the preceding in the greyer

tint of the primaries, the more regular transverse band,

and the somewhat narrower black border of the second-

aries.

29. Ruscino lunaris = Cisthene lunaris, Wlk. Lep. Het.

Suppl. 1, p. 241. Hab.—Bogota and Yucatan.

29*. Ruscino menea, Drury, Ill. Nat. Hist. 3, pl. 111. fie. 2.

Hab.— Brazil (Drury),

The five preceding forms are all local modifications of

one type, chiefly differing in the width of the yellow bands

of primaries and of the black border of secondaries.

30. Ruscino basalis = Nelo basalis, Wlk. Lep. Het.

Suppl. 1, p. 184. Hab.—Bogota.

Chiefly differs from the preceding species in its smaller

size, and the absence of the submarginal band of primaries.

There are, however, other less striking distinctions.

Evupesmia, Hubner.

31. Eudesmia ruficollis, Hiibn. Sml. Exot. Schm. 2,

figs. 1—4. Hab.—Brazil.

This species differs but little from the genus Rusecino in

structure. L. mina of Guérin appears to be congeneric.

Brycea, Walker.

32. Brycea disjuncta, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 563. Hab.

—Brazil.

Lepidoptera of the fumily Lithosiide. 331

33. Brycea trisigna = Cisthene trisigna, Wlk. Lep. Het.

2,p. 534. Hab.— Venezuela.

34, Brycea transcisa = Pheochlena transcisa, Wlk. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 468. Hab.—Brazil.

Walker need not have omitted the locality of this

species; it is noted in the Register.

JosiopEs, Felder. (Pl. VIII. fig. 8.)

35. Josioides myrrha, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 1, pl. xxix.

fig. C1. Hab.—Para.

This species is referred by Hiibner to Ephestris and by

Walker to Chrysango; the latter author also describes it

under the name of Josia repleta.

36. Josioides abscissa, Hiibn. Sml. Exot. Schm. 1,

figs. 1—4. Hah.—Para.

Three or four distinct things were associated by Walker

under this name, and the true J. abscissa described as a

variety of J. repleta.

37. Josioides immutata = Josia immutata, WIk. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 300. Hab.—Brazil.

38. Josioides fallax, n. sp. Hab.—Brazil.

Primaries above black; an increasing broad ochre-yellow

streak from the base to near the external angle, its edges

sharply cut, not angulated but rounded, traversing the

median vein and enclosing the greater part of its first two

branches; a subapical oblique abbreviated stripe of the

same colour; secondaries black, the central area occupied

by a broad increasing streak of ochre-yellow, which ter-

minates just before the middle of the outer margin; base

and abdominal margin of the same colour ; body olivaceous

brown, with the tegulz and sides of abdomen ochreous ;

antennze black; wings below nearly as above; body silky

ereyish-brown: expanse of wings 1 inch 4—7 lines.

Allied to the preceding species, with which Mr. Walker

confounded it; the much narrower ochreous areas of both

primaries and secondaries readily distinguish it.

39. Josioides variana, Walher in MS. Hab.—Para.

Primaries orange; the base, borders and an oblique

subapical belt connecting the costa with the outer border,

black ; secondaries black, the cell being covered by a sub-

332 _ Mr. A. G. Butler on the

cuneiform patch of orange; abdominal margin ochreous ;

body blue-black, with an orange stripe on each side of the

abdomen; below almost as above: expanse of wings 1

inch, 6 —7 lines.

40. Josioides indecisa, n. sp. Hab.— Para.

Nearly allied to the preceding, but the orange area of

the primaries extended to the costal margin in the centre,

and enclosing an oblong black spot above the submedian

vein; secondaries with a costal orange streak parallel to

the discoidal one, and connected with it at its inferior

extremity by a few orange scales, on the under surface

only separated from it at the base by a short black dash:

expanse of wings | inch 6 lines.

Possibly a variation of J. variana.

41. Josioides sexmaculata, Butler, Ill. Lep. Het. pl. xix.

fig. 4. Hab.—Para.

42. Josioides inconstans, n. sp. Hab.— Para.

Allied to the preceding, but the orange area of the

primaries continued to the base, with a short squamose

dash above the submedian vein; secondaries wholly black

on the upper surface: expanse of wings 1 inch 6 lines.

This may, perhaps, be a variety of the preceding species;

but the whole of the species differ from each other in

about equal degrees, so that a gradation exists from one

end of the genus to the other.

43. Josioides fixa = Josia fixa, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 295. Hab.-—Para.

44. Josioides mutata—Josia mutata, Wik. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 296. Hab.—Para.

J. Batesii of Felder is intermediate between this and

the next species.

45. Josioides generans == Josia generans, WIk. Lep. Het.

2, p. 296. Hab.—Para.

46. Josioides obscura, n. sp. Hab.—Para.

Wings above purplish-brown; primaries with a narrow

oblique patch of orange across the median vein and its

first branch; a subapical orange spot; body brown with a

greyish tint; primaries below with the orange patch en-

larged into a broad, quadrangular, almost wedge-shaped

- Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 333

blotch; subapical spot larger and lunate; otherwise as

above: expanse of wings | inch 2 lines,

Readily distinguished from J. generans by the orange

patch of primaries being much smaller on the upper and

considerably larger on the lower surface.

47. Josioides erythromelas = Josia erythromelas, W1k.

Lep. Het. 2, p. 297. Hab.—FPara.

48. Josioides celena=Josia celena, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 297. Hab.— Amazons. -

49. Josioides trajecta = Scedrosa trajecta, Wlk. Lep. Het.

Suppl. 1, p. 1388. =Hab.—lKga.

Scareely distinct from the preceding.

50. Josioides purpurata, Butler, Ill. Lep. Het. 1, pl. xix.

fig. 5. Hab.—Barreiras das Araras, Upper

Amazons.

51. Josioides clavata— Josia clavata, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 297. Hab.—Para.

52. Josioides mutans = Josia mutans, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 296. Hab.— Para.

The above genus represents one of those ever-increasing

instances among the Lepidoptera in which it is impossible

to say which of the forms are species and which varieties;

as will be seen, the bulk of them occur at Para.

Byrsia, Walker.

53. Byrsia dotata, Wik. Lep. Het. Supp. 1, p. 193.

Hab.— Timor.

PaLuLeNE, Walker.

54. Pallene structa, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 543. Hab.

— Sydney.

55. Pallene jucunda, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 543. Hub.

—Sydney, Moreton Bay.

Tospitis transitana, Wlk. 1. c. 28, p. 430.

56. Pallene transversa=Cyllene transversa, Wlk. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 544. Hab.—Ceylon.

334 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

57. Pallene aspectalella = Gicophora aspectalella, Wik.

Lep. Het. 19, p. 679.

Tinea cecophorella, Wik. Lep. Het. Suppl. 5,

p- 1813. . Hab.—Sydney and Moretun Bay.

The sbort palpi of this species ought to have prevented

its being desc: bed as au Gi'cophora.

58. Pallene elegans, n. sp. -Hab.— Australia.

Primaries above chocolate-brown; a broad basal belt or

patch, transverse constricted band beyond the middle,

interrupted in the centre so that it forms two opposed

conical spots, and the costal margin at apex, creamy-

whitish with blackish borders; fringe grey, minutely

spotted with ochreous; secondaries pale ochreous, the

fringe darker; apex greyish; head and collar white; an-

tenn dusty greyish; thorax “dark br own; abdomen testa-

eeous; primaries below paler than above; body ochraceous:

expanse of wings 9 Hes.

fer V Fallon:

59. iifeenneeen discrepans, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. Il5 78 265.

Hab.— Australia.

60. Termessa hamula, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep. iv.

pl. evi. fig. 5. Hab.— Australia.

Near the preceding, but with the primaries ochreous

instead of milky white.

61. Termessa congrua, Wilk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 265.

fab.— Moreton Bay.

62. Termessa Jeeta, Wlk. Lep. Het. 7, p. 1689. Hab.

— Sydney.

63. Termessa shepherdi, Newman, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond.

1856. /fab.—Tasmania.

- Larger and coarser than the preceding, the black belts

of primaries broader and the irregular external whitish

stripe broken up; the spots of secondaries larger, no spot

on the outer margin.

Evrann, Walker.

64. Butane eratiosa, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 239.

Hab.— Australia.

E.. tineoides of Felder is allied to this species.

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 335

65. Kutane maculata, n. sp. Hab.— Australia.

Primaries above chocolate-brown; a large spot near the

base, two rounded spots of the same size just beyond, then

an irregular postmedian transverse band, and lastly three

submarginal conical spots (the two uppermost of which

are externally confluent), creamy-whitish ; secondaries pale-

ochreous, with a rather broad brown outer border; body

dark brown, frons whitish, collar and shoulders spotted

with ochreous, anus ochreous; below nearly as above, but

the primaries less distinctly marked, and the secondaries

with two yellow dots towards the apex of the outer margin:

expanse of wings | inch 2 lines. .

Allied to the succeeding species, but larger; the spots

of primaries larger and cream-coloured instead of ochreous,

and the border of secondaries narrower.

66. Eutane terminalis, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 531. Hab.

—New South Wales.

67. Eutane Lydia, Donovan, Ins. New Holland, pl. x1.

fics eS : cya

_ Asura gaudens, Wik. Lep. Het. 2, p. 485. Hab.

— Australia. }

Readily distinguished from the preceding species by

the presence of a fourth large spot before the postmedian

band of primaries, and frequently by the existence of an

oblique black bar across the middle of the secondaries.

_Lemyra, Walker. (Pl. VIII. fig. 14.)

68. Lemyra extensa, Wlk. Lep. Het. 7, p. 1690. Hab.

—Celebes.

Asura, Walker.

69. Asura cervicalis Wik. Lep. Het. 2, p. 484. Hab.

Australia.

T have not seen the Tasmanian example mentioned by

Walker.

Nerita, Moore.

70. Nepita anila, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. ii. p. 302.

Hab.—Bengal.

Pitane lydia, var. Walker (nec Donovan), Lep.

Het. 2, p. 532.

336 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

71. Nepita egrota,n. sp. Hab.—India.

$, 2 larger than the preceding, the spots of primaries

more sharply defined; secondaries whitish, with broader

external black border than in NV. anila, and a greyish

streak from the abdominal margin just above the border ;

spots on the head and thorax larger, margins of abdomen

narrower.

72. Nepita conferta = Pitane conferta, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 533. Hab.—Ceylon.

Nepita signata, Wik. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 240.

73. Nepita ochracea, n. sp. Hab.—South India.

Primaries with the bands and spots of ochreous wider

and of a brighter tint than in the three preceding species ;

so that instead of being black-brown banded with pale or

dark ochreous, they are rather bright ochreous banded

with black-brown; secondaries with a broad black-brown

border, sometimes covering the greater part of the wing:

expanse of wings 1 inch.

74, Nepita limbata, n. sp. Zab.—North India.

Primaries with the pattern of WV. anila, but the ochreous

bands considerably wider; secondaries with the dark-

brown border slightly narrower and marked (on the first

medium interspace) with a conical squamose submarginal

spot; abdomen with wider ochreous border: expanse of

wings, 11 lines.

We have two examples of this species.

75. Nepita semifascia = Setina semifascia, Wlk. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 521. Hab.—Ceylon.

Allied to the preceding species, paler and less heavily

marked.

76. Nepita bizonoides = Lyclene bizonoides, Wlk. Journ.

linn. Soc. vi. p. 111; lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p- 246. Hab.—Sarawak.

Primaries creamy, but with similar markings to the

preceding ; secondaries white.

77. Nepita diffusa == Lyclene diffusa, Wik. Journ. Linn.

Soc. vi. p. 1¥1; Lep. Het. Suppl. 1; p. 246.

Hab.—Sarawak.

Darker portions of the primaries clearly defined, reddish

in this species.

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 337

78. Nepita hilaris= Doliche hilaris, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 530. Hab.—Ceylon.

Pattern almost precisely as in WV. diffusa, but the darker

portions of the primaries deep reddish-brown.

79. Nepita frigida—= Doliche frigida, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 5380. Hab.—Moulmein and Sarawak.

Markings of the primaries partially confluent, and con-

sequently confused.

The above genus contains a number of species in which

the pattern of the primaries is chiefly modified by the

relative width of the spots and bands and their interspaces ;

and the pattern of the secondaries, by the width or absence

of the blackish outer border: so far as the Museum collec-

tion is concerned the species may be arbitrarily divided

into six ochraceous, and four white species; but WV. sem7-

fascia, being very pale, with almost white secondaries, is

in reality a complete link between the two groups.

A small Lithositd genus represented at Surinam and on

the Rio Jutahi much resembles V. frigida in coloration,

and is evidently allied to it and the following group. It

will be shortly described by Dr. Méschler in his paper on

the Lepidoptera of Surinam.

Cyana, Walker.

80. Cyana detrita, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 529. Hab.—

Silhet.

Doxicne, Walker.

81. Doliche gelida, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 529. Hab.—

Silhet.

Bizonr, Walker. (P1. VIII. fig. 15.)

82. Bizone divakara, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865,

pl. xlu. fig. 9. Hab.—Darjecling.

B. gazella of Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, pl. xxxiii.

fig. 4, is a similarly coloured species, although with a

different pattern; £B. arama of Moore’s Catalogue is

nearer to the next species.

83. Bizone conclusa, Wik. Journ. Linn. Soe. vi. p. 120;

Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 261. /Zab.—Sarawak.

B. costifimbria seems allied to this species.

338 .>. Mr. Ai G. Butler on the

84. Bizone inconclusa, W1k. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 120;

; Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 261. =Hab.—Sarawak.

85. Bizone hamata, Wk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 549. Hab.—

Shanghai.

_ We have also two examples of what is probably the

female of this species from Hong-Kong.

86. Bizone javanica, n. sp.

Bizone puella, Moore (nec Drury), Cat. Lep.

E. I. C. p. 305, pl. xiii. figs. 13, 13a. Hab.—Java

(Horsfield).

Differs from B. puella in the more oblique and zigzag

heavily black-edged scarlet bands of primaries. B. deter-

minata of Walker, from Borneo, is evidently an allied

species. Is it B. perornata ?

87. Bizone puella, Drury, Ins. Exot. ii. p. 3, pl. i. fig. 2.

Hab.—Nepal.

88. Bizone peregrina, WIk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 551. Hab.—

Ceylon and South India.

Walker’s Nepal example is identical with the preceding

species.

B. bianca appears to be B. peregrina from the de-

scription.

89. Bizone pallens, n. sp. Hab.— Moulmein, Silhet,

North India.

Paler than the preceding (with which Walker con-

founded it); the red bands of primaries much narrower

and without black edges; the secondaries whitish at the

base: expanse of wings 1 inch 1] line.

90. Bizone perversa, n. sp. Hab.—Sarawak.

Nearly allied to B. pudens of Walker, but easily distin-

guished by the third band from the base in primaries being

strongly elbowed (instead of gradually slanting outwards

to meet the marginal band), in the two lower scarlet spots

being placed in a line with the third spot above them

(instead of forming a nearly rectangled triangle), and in

the deeper rosy-tinted secondaries: expanse of wings 9

lines.

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 339

21. Bizone pudens, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 120;

Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 261. Hab.—Sarawak.

92. Bizone amabilis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877.

Hab.— Andamans.

93. Bizone sanguinea, Bremer & Grey, Fauna des Nordl.

China’s, p. 14. Hab.—Mongolia.

94. Bizone subornata, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 550. Hab,

| —Ceylon.

95. Bizone pitana, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. p. 305.

Hab.—Java (Horsfield).

96. Bizone perornata, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 548. Hab.

—Silhet, Sarawak, Java.

I place this species here because of its pale secondaries.

97. Bizone delicata, Wik. Lep. Het. 2, p. 550. Hab.—

Sierra Leone.

98. Bizone signa, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 550. Hab.—

Silhet.

Bizone adita of Moore is allied to this species, and I

suspect B. fasciculata to be the male of B. adita.

$9. Bizone guttifera, Wlk. Lep. Het. 7, p.1779. Hab.—

Landoor.

100. Bizone emergens, WIk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 261.

Hab.—Hong-Kong.

101. Bizone effracta = Barsine effracta, Wik. Lep. Het.

2, p. 546. Hab.—Nepal.

102. Bizone amatura, Wlk. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 167.

Hab.— Madagascar.

103. Bizone alborosea — Lithosea alborosea, Wk. Lep.

Het. Suppl. 1, p. 230. HZab.—North India.

B. impunctata of Felder is allied to this species.

340 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

Mixtrocurista, Hubner.

Section LYcLENE, Moore.

104. Lyclene humilis = Cyllene humilis, Wlk. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 544. Hab.—Moulmein.

105. Lyclene congerens — Cymella congerens, Felder,

Reise der Nov. Lep. iv. pl. evi. fio. 14. Hab.—

North India.

106. Lyclene nubifascia = Barsine nubifascia, Wik. Lep.

Het. Suppl. 1, p. 251.

Barsine punctifascia, Wik. Char. Het. Lep. p. 9,

n. 13 (1869). ab.—Sikkim.

Chiefly differs from the two preceding species in its

greater size; the general character of the coloration and

pattern is the same.

Section: BARSINE, Walker.

107. Barsine defecta, Wlk. Cat. Lep. Het. 2, p. 546.

Hab.—Nepal.

Entirely distinct Morn B. cuneonotatus.

108. Barsine striata = Lithosia? striata, Bremer & Grey,

Fauna des Nordl. China’s, p. 14. Hab.—North

China.

Allied to the preceding species.

109. Barsine mactans, n. sp. Hab.—Darjecling.

Primaries scarlet, veins for the most part yellow; the

base of costal margin, an elbowed transverse line near the

base, a central transverse series of spots upon a yellow line,

and a widely sinuated discal line emitting longitudinal

streaks externally along the veins, mouse-grey; secondaries

pale rose colour, with whitish fringe; thorax red, abdomen

rose colour; under surface rose colour: expanse of wings,

1 inch 3 lines.

Allied to B. defecta of Walker and B. gratiosa of

Guérin.

110. Barsine cruciata = Hypoprepia cruciata, Wk. Journ.

Linn. Soe. vi. p. 101. Hab.— Sarawak.

111. Barsine exclusa, n. sp. Hab.—Sarawak.

Primaries rose-red, with grey bands and spots; the

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 341

bands three in number, separated at internal margin; but

uniting at the median vein and its branches so as to form

=X in conjunction; a small spot at the end of the cell,

and a series of spots across the disc, the uppermost of which

unite to form a second = marking; fringe black ; second-

aries rosy-whitish ; thorax ochraceous, spotted with grey ;

abdomen whitish, the anus yellow, legs below scarlet:

expanse of wings 10 lines.

Most nearly allied to the following.

112. Barsine trivittata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877.

HHab.— Andamans.

113. Barsine natalensis, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 250.

Hab.—Natal.

The type is a mere fragment, and as it was unnamed in

the supplementary drawers, it is a wonder that I dis-

covered it; the description is bad; I therefore re-describe

from a fresh example.

Above entirely ochreous: primaries crossed by three

greyish-brown bands, the first (near the base) irregularly

angulated, the second bisinuate, almost touching the first

band at the angle between the sinuations, the third band

irregularly sigmoidal, touching the lower portion of the

second band; two black dots, immediately followed by two

brown dashes at the base; a lunate discocellular black

litura (Walker’s “‘ringlet”); a semiconnected discal series

of unequal greyish-brown spots, the inner margins of which

are produced in many cases so as to unite them to the

third band; fringe black; secondaries with the fringe black

at apex (not more “fawn coloured” than the rest of the

wing); head with a black spot on the crest; two black

spots on the thorax, and two on each tegula; legs with

the knees and end of tibiz black (fore tibiz not wholly

black): expanse of wings 1 inch.

Section AmMMATHO, Walker.

114. Ammatho roseororatus, n. sp. JZab.—Sarawak. -

Allied to B. cuneonotatus, the grey bands of primaries

arranged in the same way, forming CX above the median

vein, and followed by a discal series of longitudinal grey

streaks, but the whole wing suffused with rose-red, leaving

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.) BB

342 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

no abruptly clear yellowish patches either through the

centre of the wing or on the outer border; the thorax also

uniformly reddish, with grey spots: expanse of wings

1 inch 7 lines.

Notwithstanding the almost complete agreement of the

markings, I cannot regard this as identical with the next

species.

115. Ammatho cuneonotatus, Wlk. Lep. Het. 3, p. 759.

Hab.—Ceylon and Sarawak.

The Bornean example agrees with A. roseororatus in

having the grey discal streaks separate instead of con-

founded together.

116. Ammatho rubricostata = Hypocrita rubricostata,

Herrich-Sch. Exot. Lep. fig. 439.

Hypoprepiarubrigutta, Wik. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi.

p- 101. Hab.—Sarawak.

117. Ammatho delineata = Hypoprepia delineata, WIk.

Lep. Het. 2, p. 487.

Ammatho figuratus, Wilk. Lep. Het. 3, p. 759.

F[ab.— Shanghai, N. China, Hong Kong.

I think it doubtful whether Herrich-Schitfer’s Hypo-

cerita rhodina from Borneo is the same species; it appears

to be smaller, more distinctly marked, and with the apical

nervular striz of secondaries united into a grey patch.

Cyme chinensis of Felder is, I should say, undoubtedly

the same.

118. Ammatho carnipicta, n. sp. _Hab.—Mongolia.

Primaries rose-red, with slender transverse greyish-

brown lines, discal striz and discocellular blackish dot,

nearly as in A. rhodina (H.-Sch. Exot. fig. 438), but the

lines more slender, that nearest the base sickle-shaped,

not E shaped, the outer of the two central lines also more

inarched below the median branches; fringe greyish-

brown; secondaries paler; fringe whitish, sordid at apex ;

body sordid whitish, slightly rosy at the sides; primaries

‘below with the whole central area suffused with greyish-

brown; secondaries with a discocellular blackish spot;

two abbreviated brownish diffused transverse central lines;

veins at apex brownish; pectus and cox white: expanse

of wings | inch.

Lepidoptera of the family Lithostide. 343

119. Ammatho lineatus, Wlk. Lep. Het. 3, p. 760.

Hab.—Sumatra.

120. Ammatho fuscescens, n. sp. Hab.—Mongolia and

Shanghai.

Primaries sericeous greyish-brown ; base streaked with

rose-red ; a trigonate subcostal spot, a dot (sometimes

wanting) below the origin of the first median branch,

- and a conical spot on inner margin, scarlet; a diffused

indistinct pinky testaceous nebula across the end of the

cell; a brown-speckled interrupted rosy submarginal

band, its inner edge zigzag; fringe blackish; secondaries

pink, the nervures at apex covered by fusiform brown

spots ; a submarginal black line; fringe sordid whitish at

anal angle, but becoming blackish towards apex; body

rose-red, the head and thorax much deeper and brighter

than the abdomen; wings below pink, becoming carmine

on costa of primaries; all the wings with a large apical

sericeous dark-grey blotch; fringe the same colour ;

pectus bright rose-red; venter sericeous brown, the basal

segment, edges of the remaining segments and anus pink:

expanse of wings 1 inch 1—2 lines.

Allied to A. delineata.

121. Ammatho placens — Barsine placens, Wlk. Lep.

Het. Suppl. 1, p. 251. Hab.—Timor and

Ceram.

Somewhat the aspect of A. cunconotatus.

122, Ammatho euprepioides — Hypoprepia euprepioides,

WI1k. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 102.

Hypocrita inclusa, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1877,

pl. v. fig. 2. Hab.—Sarawak.

Nearly allied to the preceding species.

123. Ammatho distributa = Lyclene distributa, WHk.

Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 113. Hab.—Sarawak.

124. Ammatho hieroglyphica, n. sp. Hab.—Sarawak.

Wings above dark brown; primaries with two pyriform

basal spots, two elongated subcostal spots (the outermost

one much the larger), an elongated median longitudinal

streak, a trigonate internal elongated spot below it, and a

transverse elongated submarginal bar, sulphur-ycllow ;

BB2

344 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

secondaries with a basi-costal streak and a central oval

spot below it, sulphur-yellow; thorax spotted and abdomen

narrowly banded with yellow ; wings below with the yellow

markings clearer, pale stramineous, secondaries with an

oval subapical spot; body below pale yellow: expanse of

wings 9 lines.

C; 'yme? orbicularts of Felder is a neaaly allied species.

Section SESAPA, Walker.*

125. Sésapa inscripta, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 547. Hab.

—North China.

126. Sesapa excurrens, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 255.

Hab.— Sikkim.

AT meen Iutara — Lyclene lutara, Moore, Cat. bee:

K. I. C. ii. p. 300. Hab.—Java.

128. Sesapa cuneigera — Lyclene cuneigera, W1k. Journ.

Linn. Soe. vi. p. 113. Hab.—Sarawak.

I believe S. cunetfera to be a male variety of this

species.

129. Sesapa undulosa = Cyllene undulosa, Wlk. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 545. Hab.—Moulmein.

130. Sesapa complicata, n. sp. Hab.—Sarawak.

Primaries ochreous; two black dots at the base, fol-

lowed by four brown dashes; the basal area enclosed by

two very irregular transverse brown lines, the outer one

angulated, indistinct towards costal and inner margins;

a blackish discocellular spot, touching a deeply-dentated

discal line ; a submarginal series of about a dozen brown

spots; fringe dotted with brown; secondaries much paler,

with a greyish discal diffused band; head and thorax

ochreous, spotted with dark brown, abdomen paler; pri-

maries below with all the markings blurred: expanse of

wings 10 lines.

Allied to S. cuneigera.

131. Sesapa rivulosa = Siccia rivulosa, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 540.. Hab.—Caffraria ; Natal.

* This group most nearly agrees with typical Miltochrista in pattern.

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. ~ 346

132. Sesapa andamana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877.

Hab.— Andamans.

133. Sesapa ichorina, n. sp. Hab.—Natal.

Primaries chrome-yellow, crossed by bands and spots

as in S. révulosa, but grey instead of brown, and bordered

with red; secondaries whitish, with a feeble pinky tint;

body chrome-yellow; wings below pink; primaries with a

lilac tint, and with yellow borders; secondaries whitish,

the costa and veins yellowish: expanse of wings 9 lines.

134. Sesapa rhodophila— Barsine rhodophila, Wlk. Lep.

Het. Suppl. 1, p. 254. Hab.—Shanghai and

Mongolia.

135. Sesapa (Miltochrista) sinica, Moore, Ann. and Mag.

Nat. Hist. s. iv. vol. xx. p. 87. Hab.— Mongolia

and North China.

Like S. strigipennis (H.-Sch. Exot. fig. 437), excepting

that the primaries are rosy, with the black lines on the

disc farther from the outer margin; secondaries tinted

with rosy towards the costa, with a subapical grey spot.

136. Sesapa strigipennis, Herr.-Sch. Lep. Exot. fig. 437.

Barsine circumdata, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p. 252. Hab.—Sarawak.

I am satisfied, from the absolute agreement between our

example and Herrich-Schiiffer’s figure, that the type of

S. strigipennis came from Borneo and not from Australia.

137. Sesapa divisa, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soe. vi. p. 102.

Hab.—Sarawak.

Considerably larger than S. eireumdata, with the basal

streaks of primaries perfectly parallel, and the central

transverse line zigzag or undulated.

138. Sesapa erubescens, n. sp. Hab,—North China.

Primaries above vermillion-red, fringe brown; the outer

margin, a transverse nearly straight line just before the

middle, an oblique elongated spot at the end of the cell, a

deeply-indented and irregular transverse discal line, and

nine or ten elongated disco-submarginal dots, black ;

secondaries dark brown; the costa and base irrorated

with scarlet; thorax vermillion ; abdomen wanting (pro-

346 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

bably brown): wings below vermillion; fringe brown ;

primaries with a submarginal series of black spots, con-

fluent towards the costa; secondaries with a moderately

broad brown outer border: expanse of wings 83 lines.. ~

Allied to S. sinica, but smaller, rather differently

marked, and with the primaries and thorax aboye ver-

million instead of pinky-yellowish.

Section Mittocurista, Hubner.

139. Miltochrista miniata — Geometra miniata Forster,

Nov. Sp. Ins. Cent. 1, p. 75. Hab.—Kurope. -

Dranasa, Walker. (Pl. VIII. fig. 9.)

140. Dianasa suffusa, Wilk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 488. Had.

—Moreton Bay, Australia.

Var. obscura.

Primaries like the male of D. suffusa as figured by

Felder (Reise der Nov. Lep. 4, pl. cxxxix. fig. 55), but,

the secondaries with the apical half smoky-brown.

We have two examples of this interesting variety.

PTYCHOGLENE, Felder.

141. Ptychoglene erythrophora, Felder, Reise der Nov.

Lep. iv. pl. evi. fig. 26. Mab.—Mexico.

142. Ptychoglene xequalis= Lithosia squalis, Wik. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 511. Hab.—Guatemala.

Differs from the preceding species in its rather smaller

size and the narrower black border of the primaries. —

143. Ptychoglene sanguineola = Lithosia sanguineola,

Boisduval, Lep. Guat. p. 95 (1870). Hab.—

Mexico.

In this species the border of all the wings is narrow, and

the coloration, especially of the secondaries, much paler:

surely Anatolmis Grotei is congeneric with the above.

DyYruHueEsiaA, Felder.

144, Dyphlebia bicolora = Lithosia bicolora, Boisduval,

Voy. de l’ Astrolabe 1, Lep. p. 211, pl. iii. fig. 9.

Hab.—Tasmania, Sydney, Australia. sa?

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 347

145. Dyphlebia liboria = Phalzna liboria, Cramer, Pap.

Exot. iv. pl. ccexlv. fig. D. Hab.—Ceram.

146. Dyphlebia elegans, n. sp. Hab.— Abyssinia.

Primaries with the basi-costal half ochreous, and the

interno-external half blackish-brown, the oblique division

between the two areas being jagged; secondaries with the

costa and basal half ochreous, the external area broadly

black-brown, with its inner edge dentated; body ochreous,

dusky at base of abdomen; pectus, upper surface of legs,

and under surface of femora black: expanse of wings

1 inch. |

D. Trimenti of Felder is intermediate between this

species and the following.

147. Dyphlebia tricolora, n. sp. Hab.— Aru Islands.

Primaries reddish-orange, with a narrow black border

from the base of the costa to near the base of the inner

margin; secondaries golden- or cadmium-yellow, with a

broad black outer border which narrows abruptly from

the first median branch to the anal angle; body dark

brown, with the collar and tegulee reddish-orange; prima-

ries below yellow with a broad external brown border,

occupying more than a third of the wing, the wings

otherwise as above; body below dark brown with the

centre of the venter reddish-orange: expanse of wings

1 inch 4 lines.

The under surface of this species is not at all unlike the

Caffrarian D. Trimenii.

LycomorpuHa, Harris.

148. Lycomorpha pholus = Sphinx pholus, Drury, II.

Exot. Ent. i. pl. xxvii. fig. 3. Hab.—Nova

Scotia, United States.

149. Lycomorpha centralis, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 288.

Hab.— ?

Nearly allied to the preceding species, and apparently

intermediate between it and the Pyromorpha dimidiata

of Herrich-Schiffer (to which Malthaca perlucida,

Clemens, has been referred). Not having seen examples

of the latter I am unable to say whether any structural

differences exist, but I see that Mr. Stretch has regarded

Pyromorpha as distinct.

348 | Mr. A. G. Butler on the

Mr. Stretch has indicated two other species which he

calls Z. Miniati and L. Palmerit.

Lactura, Walker.

150. Lactura dives, WIk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 485. Hab.—

Australia.

CALLATOLMIS, nov. gen.

Allied to Atolmis, but the first subcostal branch of

secondaries forked, and the first median branch absent;

body more robust, the antennz strongly pectinated. Type,

C. coleoptrata.

151. Callatolmis coleoptrata = Lycomorpha coleoptrata,

Wik. Lep. Het. 2, p. 288. Hab.—Tapajos.

Atychia? diabolus of Felder seems to me to be referable

to the same genus.

Atoitmis, Hubner.

152. Atolmis rubricollis == Noctua rubricollis, Linn. Syst.

Nat. 1, 2, p. 840. Hab.—Kurope.

We do not possess A. atratula, nictitans, and flavi-

capilla, so that I am unable to say whether or not they

are congeneric.

EPATOLMIS, nov. gen.

Form of Clelea; head and thorax very hairy; primaries

trigonate ; second and third median branches emitted near

together at the end of the cell; first median from just be-

yond the middle of the nervure; secondaries trigonate ;

subcostal emitting two branches from the end of the cell ;

upper discocellular strongly angulated, three times the

length of the lower (which is transverse); one radial;

second and third median branches emitted together from

the end of the cell. Type, £. japonica.

153. Epatolmis japonica = Atolmis japonica, Wlk. Lep.

Het. Suppl. 1, p. 223. Hab.—Japan.

ARDONEA, Walker.

154, Ardonea morio, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 482.

Doracis coracina, Boisduval, Lep. Guat. p. 96

(1870). Hab.—Venezuela and Mexico.

This is a common species which, as Boisduval remarks,

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 349

“seems to connect itself with Ctenucha.” It is, however,

without doubt a Lithoszid.

CoraciaA, Hubner.

155. Coracia ciliaris = Eyprepia ciliaris, Ochsenheimer,

Schmett, iii. p. 350. ¢, %?. Hab.—Alps.

Cossa, Walker.

156. Cossa basigera, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 233.

g. Hab.—South India.

157. Cossa inducta = Lithosia inducta, Wlk. Lep. Het.

Suppl. 1, p. 232. ¢. Hab.—South India.

Probably this is the female of the preceding species.

158. Cossa replana = Phalena replana, Lewin, Prodr.

Ent. xvi. pl.xv. ¢,%. Hab.—Sydney, Moreton

Bay, Australia.

The sexes of this species are quite unlike in pattern.

159. Cossa vagivitta — Lithosia vagivitta, Wlk. Lep.

Het. Suppl. 5, p. 1884. Hab.—Mysol.

Lirnosta, Fabricius.

160. Lithosia bicosta, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p.506. IZab.—

Sydney.

161. Lithosia fraterna, n. sp. Hab.—Tasmania.

Nearly allied to the preceding species. Primaries dark

sericeous greyish-brown, with a slender deep orange costal

border and a silvery-white subcostal stripe; secondaries

bright stramineous; head and tegule reddish-orange ;

thorax dark greyish-brown; abdomen paler brown; pri-

maries below paler than above and becoming whitish to-

wards outer margin; body brown; palpi and proboscis

orange, legs blackish; anterior cox whitish: expanse of

wings | inch 3 lines.

162. Lithosia nana, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 507. Hab.—

Sydney, Moreton Bay.

163. Lithosia antica, Wik. Lep. Het. 2, p.506. Mab.—

Ceylon.

350 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

164. Lithosia Sarawaca, n. sp.

Lithosia antica, Wik. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vi.

p. 103. Hab.—Sarawak. :

Readily distinguished from ZL. antica by its whitish

secondaries, the apex and fringe ochreous; abdomen

dusky.

We have three examples of this species, so that I have

no doubt respecting the constancy of the above-mentioned

differences. L. natara is nearly allied, but differs in its

smaller size and shorter fringes.

165. Lithosia vicaria, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p.505. Hab.—

3 Congo.

166. Lithosia lurideola, Treitschke, Suppl. Ochs. Schmett,

x. 1, p. 162. Mab.—Europe.

167. Lithosia plumbeola, Herr.-Sch. Eur. Schm.ii. p. 158.

Hab.—Europe.

168. Lithosia complana, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 2, p. 840.

Hab.— Europe.

(169. Lithosia depressa, Esper, Eur. Schm. iv. pl. xciii.

fig. 3. Hab.—Kurope.

170. Lithosia griseola, Hiibner, Bomb. p. 126, pl. xxii.

fig. 97. Hab.—Kurope. ;

171. Lithosia serva, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 506. Hab.—

Nepal.

172. Lithosia arideola, Hering, Ent. Zeit. Stett. vii.

p. 233. Hab.—LHurope.

173. Lithosia fumeola, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p.508. Had.

—Cape, Knysna.

There are two Japanese species allied to this.

174. Lithosia unita, Denis and Schiff. Wien. Verz. p. 68.

- Hab.— Europe.

We do not possess L. morosina or cinereola.

175. Lithosia luteola, Denis and Schiff. Wien. Verz.

p- 68. Hab.— Europe.

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 351

176. Lithosia gilveola, Ochsenheimer, Schm. Eur. iii.

p- 137. Hab.—LKurope.

LL, vitellina appears to be allied to this species.

177. Lithosia aureola, Ochsenheimer, Schm. Eur. ii.

p- 140. Hab.—Kurope.

178. Lithosia nitens, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 231.

Lithosia remota, Wik. Char. Het. Lep. p. 9,

n. 12 (1869). HHab.—Moreton Bay.

Allied to the re eabe species.

179. Lithosia brevipennis, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 509.

Hab.—Ceylon.

_ L. intacta of Walker is probably ater with LZ. pre-

cipua.

180. Lithosia intermixta, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p- 229. Hab.—South India.

181. Lithosia apicalis, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soe. vi. p. 104.

Hab.—Sarawak.

182. Lithosia decreta, n. sp. Hab.—Sarawak.

Primaries and thorax ochreous; secondaries creamy

whitish ; abdomen sordid whitish, the sides and posterior

seoments tinted with ochreous: under surface ochraceous,

primaries paler than above, secondaries with the costa

ochreous: expanse of wings 9 lines.

Possibly a very small example of L. simplex, a species

unknown to me excepting from Walker’s description ; but

I suspect it to be distinct, as the primaries of L. simplex

appear to be pale luteous, whereas those of L. decreta are

bright ochreous.

183. Lithosia bipunctigera, Wallengren, Wien. Ent.

Monatschr. iv. p. 45 (1860).

Setina quadrinotata, W\k. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p- 237. Hab.—Natal.

I do not see the slightest reason for separating this from

its near allies to form a genus, therefore I cannot adopt

Wallengren’s name Leais; L. bipunctigera is nearly allied

to L. luteola and many other species.

352 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

184. Lithosia innotata, Wlk. Ms.? Hah,—N. India,

Nepal.

Wings above straw-coloured, the primaries slightly

darker than the secondaries; body ochraceous, the base

of the abdomen pale: wings below as above, excepting

that the primaries are washed with greyish from the

centre of the cell to the middle of the discal area: pectus

whitish, legs whitish broadly banded with black, venter

ochreous: expanse of wings | inch 6 lines.

' I have not succeeded in finding a published description

of L. innotata. It is a slender-bodied species, and might,

perhaps, have been mistaken by Walker for an aberrant

Pyrale.

185. Lithosia helveola, Hiibner, Bomb. 125, pl. xxiii.

fig.95. Hab.—Europe.

We have a nearly-allied species from Japan.

186. Lithosia pristina, Wik. Lep. Het. Suppl. 5, p. 1885.

3 Hab.—Moreton Bay.

187, Lithosia albidula, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 231.

Hab.—Sierra Leone and Lake Nyassa.

188. Lithosia cephalica, Grote, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. iii.

p- 176 (1870); Stretch Zyg. and Bomb. pl. vii.

fig. 14 (1873). Hab. — Texas.

189, Lithosia pygmea, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 507.

Lithosia scutellata, Wallengren, Wien. Ent.

Monatschr. iv. p. 45 (1860). ab.—South Africa.

I am satisfied that if L. cephalica had been generically

distinct from Lithosia, our American friends would have

found it out; and, since Wallengren’s LZ. scutellata is

nearly allied to LZ. cephalica, I cannot accept his genus

Sozuza.

190. Lithosia caniola, Hiibner, Bomb. 126, pl. 1xxxi.

fig. 220. Hab.—LEurope.

191. Lithosia impervia, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 230.

Hab.— Ceram.

192. Lithosia conformis, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 509.

Hab.— North India.

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 353

193. Lithosia varana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865,

p- 797. =Hab.—Darjecling.

194, Lithosia insolita, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 497.

Hab.—Shanghai.

195. Lithosia precipua, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 229.

Hab.—North China, Sarawak.

196. Lithosia kingdoni, n. sp. Hab.—Madagascar.

Primaries creamy white; a black spot near the base, a

second close to the end of the cell, and an elbowed series

of seven across the disc; secondaries soft stramineous ;

head and thorax creamy white, spotted with black; ab-

domen stramineous; wings below stramineous, unspotted ;

body below subochraceous, anterior cox spotted with

black; legs whitish, anterior femora blackish above,

anterior tibiz blackish below; tarsal claws black; venter

with a lateral series of black spots, anal segment ochreous:

expanse of wings 2 inches.

I have named this species after Mr. Kingdon (Mis-

sionary), through whose efforts the Museum has obtained

several interesting Mascarene novelties.

197. Lithosia? puncticollis, n. sp. LZab.—Sarawak.

Primaries above pale buff; an indistinct dusky dot at

the end of the cell, and two almost confluent trigonate

blackish spots below it; secondaries becoming gradually

white towards abdominal margin; head and thorax pale

buff, a black spot on the crest, two on the collar, and one

on each tegula; thorax apparently with a central black

spot (our example is a little rubbed); abdomen ochra-

ceous, clothed with long hairs; wings below paler than

above, the primaries with the external third slightly

dusky ; body ochraceous, legs pale buff: expanse of wings

1 inch 7 lines.

This species might perhaps be separated from Lithosia;

the form of the wings agrees better with Gonistis; but as

I do not yet know one or two of Walker’s genera of

Bornean Lithostids, I prefer to leave this species pro-

visionally in Lithosia.

198. Lithosia vetusta, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 506.

Lithosia muricolor? Wik. Journ. Linn. Soe. vi.

p- 105. Hab.—Shanghai; Sarawak.

The Bornean example is slightly darker than our

354 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

Chinese specimens which appear to be faded. The species

ought, perhaps, to be placed next to LZ. griseola, which it

nearly resembles.

IB) Lines aspersa, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 104.

Hab.—Sarawak.

200. ¢ Lithosia rotundipennis, Wik. J ourn. Linn. Soc.

vi. p. 104.

& Lithosia nodicornis, Wk. 1. c.

Lithosia chilomorpha, Snellen, Tid. voor Ent.

1877, pl. v. fig. 1. Hab.—Sarawak.

This, the preceding and the succeeding species, differ

somewhat from the other species of this genus in the form

of the primaries, but L. reticulata and L. angulifera seem

to form a transition between them and L. muscerda.

201. Lithosia sambara, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. i

p- 304. Hab.—Java.

202. Lithosia reticulata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865,

p- 798. Hab.— Darjeeling.

203. Lithosia muscerda, Hiibner, Bomb. 127, pl. xxiv.

fig. 103. _Hab.—Europe.

204. Lithosia prabana, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C.

p:- 304. Hab.—Java.

I believe Walker’s L. nigricans from Borneo to be this

species, but his description is too bad for positive identifi-

cation.

205. Lithosia natara, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. ii. p. 304.

Hab.—Java.

This and the preceding species would perhaps be better

placed near ZL. antica.

Lithosia colon of Moeschler appears to resemble L. b7-

puncta of Rambur.

Corcura, Walker.

206. Corcura torta, Wik. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 111.

Hab.—Sarawak.

Diastrophia me NN of Felder appears to be an allied

species,

Lepidoptera of the family Lithostide. 355

207. Corcura discalis = Lithosia discalis, Wlk. Journ.

Linn. Soe. vi. p. 108. Hab.—Sarawak.

If I have rightly identified this species there can be no

question about its being a Corcura.

TEULISNA, Walker.

208. Teulisna chiloides, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soe. vi.

p- 109. Hab.—Sarawak.

209. Teulisna tortricoides = Lithosia tortricoides, Wk.

Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 107. Hab.—Java.

210. Teulisna biplagella, n. sp. Hab.—Sarawak.

“ Ecophora biplagella,’ Walker, Ms.

Nearly allied to the preceding species; primaries above

stramineous with an oblong brown spot on the centre of

the costal border; costa narrowly blackish at apex; secon-

daries whitish stramineous; body whitish, tinted with stra-

mineous; under surface without black markings: expanse

of wings 1 inch.

211. Teulisna signata = Lithosia’ signata, Wk. Lep. Het.

2, p. 495. Hab.—Shanghai.

212. Teulisna oblonga, n. sp.

Lithosia tetragona, Wik. Journ. Linn. Soe. vi.

p- 103. Hab.—Sarawak.

Whiter than 7. tetragona, with the quadrangular black

patch on primaries of only two-thirds the length; the

secondaries almost pure white.

213. Teulisna tetragona = Lithosia tetragona, Wlk. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 510. Hab.—Silhet.

214. Teulisna plagiata, Wik. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 109.

Hab.—Sarawak.

215. Teulisna Bertha, n. sp. =Hab.—Java (Horsfield).

Primaries pale greyish-brown, slightly darker at outer

margin; basal half of costa and fringe whitish; a large

subquadrate black-brown spot with a whitish border across

the middle of the wing, touching the inner margin but

not reaching the costa, followed by an indistinct irregular

356 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

pale-brown fascia; secondaries grey, basal area and fringe

whitish; head and tegule white, thorax dark brown,

abdomen grey; wings below darker than above, but the

blackish spot of primaries only indistinctly visible through

the wings; body below ochraceous: expanse of wings

11 lines.

Chiefly differs from 7. plagiata in the darker primaries,

without the irregular almost interrupted black discal band,

and in the paler secondaries.

(Honistis, Hubner. (Pl. VIII. fig. 3.)

216. (Konistis quadra = Noctua quadra, Linn. Syst. Nat.

i. 2, p. 840. Hab.—Europe.

217. CKonistis basinota = Lithosia basinota, Moore, Proc.

Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 798. Hab.—Darjeeling.

- CHRYSAGLIA, nov. gen.

Differs from ZLithosia in the neuration of the second-

aries; the subcostal branches emitted together from the

upper extremity of the cell and the second and third

median branches from the lower extremity of the cell (in

neither case from a footstalk). From Crambomorpha it

differs in having three instead of four median branches

and the subcostals not emitted from a footstalk. Type,

C. magnifica.

218. Chryseelia magnifica = Lithosia magnifica, WIk.

Journ. Linn. Soe. vi. p. 103. Hal.—Sarawak.

CramBomorpHa, Felder. (PI. VIII. fig. 16.)

219. Crambomorpha entella, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 11.

pl. cevii. fig. D. Hab.—India, Sarawak.

220. Crambomorpha delia, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2,

p- 25. Hab.—Aneiteum, New Hebrides.

This appears to me to be distinct from C. entella, the

hatchet-shaped band being of only: half the width and the

oval apical spot shorter and broader.

221. Crambomorpha beema = Lithosia beema, Moore,

Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 798. Hab.—Dar-

jeeling.

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 357

222. Crambomorpha splendens, n. sp. Hab.—Bombay

(Dr. Leith).

Wings smoky-brown; primaries bronzy, the veins

broadly bordered with metallic dark green, especially

towards the base; a bright longitudinal basal golden-

yellow streak on the interno-median area; base of inner

margin irrorated with golden; body darker brown, more

or less shot with dark metallic green excepting at the

base of the abdomen; collar golden-yellow; wings below

smoky-brown, the primaries with a yellowish basal interno-

median dash; palpi, pectus and basal two-thirds of femora

golden-yellow, remainder of legs blackish, with dark

greenish reflections; venter yellow in the centre, blackish

at the sides: expanse of wings 1 inch 8 lines.

C. umbrifera of Felder is one of the links between this

species and the following.

223. Crambomorpha remelana= Lithosiaremelana, Moore,

Proce. Zool. Soc. 1865, p.798. Hab.—Darjecling.

224. Crambomorpha argentea, Felder, Reise der Nov.

Lep. 4, pl. evi. fig. 10. Hab.—KEspiritu Sancto.

225. Crambomorpha monoleuca=Halesidota monoleuca,

Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. 5, p. 1911. Hab.—

Bogota.

Nearly allied to the preceding species.

226. Crambomorpha argentifera = Halesidota argentifera,

Wik. Lep. Het. Suppl. 5, p. 1911. Hab.—

Venezuela.

Larger than the preceding, and without the yellowish

costal margin to the primaries.

CHRYSORABDIA, nov. gen.

Subcostals of secondaries emitted from a short footstalk ;

discocellulars obliquely standing inwards with a slight

curve; median vein three-branched, the second and third

branches emitted from the end of the cell without a foot-

stalk. Type, C. viridata.

227. Chrysorabdia viridata — Lithosia viridata, WIk. Lep.

Het. Suppl. 1, p. 225. Hab.—Darjeeling.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.) cc

358 . Mr. A. G. Butler on the

228. Chrysorabdia strigata — Lithosia strigata, Moesch-

ler, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1872, p. 353. Hab.—

Sikkim. ? = 2 of 227. ;

Arnva, Walker. (Pl. VIII. fig. 10.)

229. Areva laticilia, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 526. Hab.—

Venezuela. .

CaLaMIpDIA, nov. gen. (PI. VIII. fig. 4.)

Approaching Chryseglia in structure, but the primaries

in shape more resembling Areva, the second and third

subcostal branches united by a cross vein, so as to make a

postdiscoidal cellule, the fork of the third branch shorter,

the upper radial springing from the postdiscoidal cell, the

lower radial from the upper extremity of the cell (instead

of at the lower extremity close to the second and third

median branches, as in Chryseglia). Type, C. hirta.

230. Calamidia hirta— Lithosia hirta, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 510. Hab.—Sydney.

Lysce1a, Walker.

231. Lysceia bigutta, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 541. Had.

—South Africa.

Evustixia, Hiibner.

232. Eustixia subfervens __ Mieza subfervens, Wik. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 528. Hab.—United States.

233. Hustixia igninix — Mieza igninix, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 527. -Hab.—United States, E. Florida.

Crptasia, Walker.

Closely allied to the preceding genus.

234. Cyptasia egregiella, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 5,

p: 1837. Hab.—Swan River and Moreton Bay.

Mieza? erythrocerais aypeneatly a second species of this

genus.

THEMiscyra, Walker.

235, ‘Themiscyra leetifera, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 258.

Hab. loans Baye

y )

Lepidoptera of the family Lithostide. 359

236. Themiscyra mactata — Mieza mactata, Felder, Reise

der Noy. Lep. 4, pl. exxxix. fig. 44.

Themiscyra varicosa, Butler, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. s. 4, vol. xviii. p. 126. Hab.—Cape

York.

Meza? phenodes appears to belong also to this genus.

TIGRIOIDES, n. gen. (Pl. VIII. fig. 18.)

Readily distinguished from Lithosia by the very short

discoidal cell of secondaries, the subcostal branches, and the

second and third median branches emitted from extremely

long footstalks. Type, 7. alterna.

237. Tigrioides alterna = Setina alterna, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 520. Hab.—New Holland, Sydney, Moreton

Bay, Hunter River.

238. Tigrioides transversa = Lithosia transversa, Wk.

Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 229. Hab.— Australia.

Nearly allied to 7. alterna.

STENOPLASTIS, Felder.

239. Stenoplastis venata, n. sp. Hab.—Espiritu Sancto.

Primaries smoky-brown, with whitish veins, the disco-

cellulars broadly whitish; three transverse denticulated

black-brown lines, the first crossing the cell, the others

beyond it, the outermost bordered externally by a series of

hastate whitish spots; secondaries grey, becoming brownish

at apex; a blackish marginal line, fringe grey; head and

thorax smoky-brown, with a blackish longitudinal line ;

abdomen grey; primaries below greyish-brown, costal

margin whitish, fringe brown; secondaries grey, fringe

brown; body below greyish-brown; palpi and legs under-

neath whitish: expanse of wings 1 in. 2—6 lin.

Most nearly allied to an undescribed species in

Dr. Moeschler’s Collection from Surinam, and which he

intends to call S. furcata; it is, however, abundantly

distinct.

The genera Brachyglene and Ischnocampa should, I

think, be placed here.

Cuina, Walker.

240. Clina lapidaria, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 257.

Hab.—South India.

cc2

360 : Mr. A. G. Butler on the

241. Clina acclinatella = Lithosia ? acclinatella, WHk.

Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 232. Hab.—South

Africa.

_ Eucreagra seems to be an allied genus.

Sprris, Hubner.

242. Spiris funerea, Eversmann, Bull. Mosc. 1847, ii.

p- 77, pl. 5, 5. Hab.— Amur Land.

243. Spiris striata, Linnzeus, Syst. Nat. x. p.205. Hab.

— Europe.

Var. pallida. Veins of primaries obsolete ; secondaries

pale, not dusky at base, with slender discocellular litura

and narrow marginal blackish border. Hab.—¢, 2

Europe.

244. Spiris cribrum, Linn. Syst. Nat. 11. p. 831. Hab.—

Europe.

245. Spiris punctigera, Freyer, Neuere Beitr. p. 140.

Hab.—Kurope.

We have five examples of this form, so if it be a variety

of the preceding it must be very common.

246. Spiris candida, Cyrilli, Ent. Neap. 6, p. 5 (1787).

HHab.— Kiurope.

Sipyma, Walker.

247. Sidyma albifinis, Wlk. Lep. Het. 7, p. 1686. Hab.—

Masuri. Ly

This species calls to mind Felder’s Ischnognatha semi-

opalina.

De1opeEtA, Stephens.

248. Deiopeia pura, n. sp. Hab.—Brazil, Guatemala,

and Galapagos Islands.

Under this name [ wish to distinguish what may pos-

sibly be a pale form of D. ornatriz, but which seems to

be even commoner than that species ; it differs in the clear

pinky-whitish primaries and the much less heavily black-

bordered secondaries, the discocellulars of the latter wings

being at. most very slenderly blackened, and the posterior

projection of the black border only extending about half

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 361

as far into the wing; in some examples the border is

reduced to two molated marginal spots.

249. Deiopeia ornatrix— Noctua ornatrix, Linn. Syst.

Nat. u. p. 829. Hab.—Bolivia, Venezuela,

Nevis.

Var. Stretchii.

Utetheisa —?, Stretch, Zyg. and Bomb. pl. ii. fig. 17.

Hab.—Wonduras.

Var. hybrida.

Primaries of D. bella, but the yellow belts indistinct,

secondaries of typical D. ornatriz, but with the ground

colour red as in D. bella, and with a white-edged inter-

rupted black belt across the discoidal cell. Hab.—United

States.

250. Deiopeia bella= Tinea bella, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 2,

p- 884. Hab.—United States, E. Florida.

Var. intermedia.

Primaries with the yellow belts very pale, so that the

white borders of the black spots show faintly ; secondaries

exactly like D. speciosa. Hab.—United States.

Mr. Stretch says (Zyg. & Bomb. p. 58), “I have yet

to see anything which is intermediate in color between

U. bella and speciosa.”

251. Deiopeia speciosa, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p.568. Hab.

—Jamaica, Haiti.

252. Deiopeia pulchella — Tinea pulchella, Linn. Syst.

Nat. 1, 2, p. 884. Hab.—Germany, Spain,

Cape, Natal, Ashanti, Turkey, N. India, Nepal,

S. India, Ceylon, Australia, Port Essington,

Moreton Bay.

Var. lotrix, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. p. 20, pl. cix.

fig. KE.

Hab. —Ceylon, Philippines, Keelong Islands, New

Guinea, Sydney, Moreton Bay.

Var. candida.

Hab.—Congo, Interior of South Africa, Natal, Cape.

Primaries with the scarlet spots so pale as to be scarcely

visible, but the black spots large and well defined.

253. Deiopeia thyter, n. sp. Hab.—Turkey, Punjab.

General pattern of D. pulchella, but the black spots of

362 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

primaries reduced to points, many of them being absent,

and the scarlet spots of interno-median and external areas

united into bands; marginal black border of secondaries

narrower, the terminal “quadrate projection very small ;

head and thorax streaked with yellow, but without black

spots.

if believe Mr. Moore has this species also from Cash-

mere. It seems to come near to D. lepida of Rambur,

from Madagascar.

254. Deiopeia venusta = Utetheisa venusta, Hiibner,

Sml. Exot. Schm. Zutr. figs. 521,522. =Hab.—

Mauritius and Madagascar.

We have an insect (perhaps a variety of this species)

in which the white patch of primaries is much smaller

and tinted with pink, and the border of secondaries is

much more regular. Unfortunately this specimen is

without a locality, so that I cannot venture to decide

whether or not it is a distinct species.

Moore’s D. semara comes near to D. venusta, but has

a yellow streak through the primaries.

Lithosia Laymerisa of Grandidier appears from the

description to be a Detopeia, but D. occulians of Vollen-

hoven seems to differ from that genus in the form of the

secondaries, and would, perhaps, be best placed with D.

picta in a distinct genus.

Sommenia, Hubner.

255. Sommeria culta, Hiibner, Sml. Exot. Schm. Zuty.

figs. 433, 434.

Spilosoma? marmorata, Wik. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p- 293. Hab.—South Africa, Cape.

Homeognatha aganais of Welder may be congeneric.

‘256. Sommeria? privata = Anthora privata, Wlk. Lep.

Het. Suppl. 2, p. 334. Hab.—Natal.

Bithra spilosomoides probably belongs to this genus.

DicamMa, Moore.

-257. Digama nebulosa, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 238.

Hab.—tIndia.

258. Digama fasciata, n. sp. Hab.—Ceylon.

Primaries dust-grey ; two dots at the base, three costal

Lepidoptera of the fumily Lithosiide. 363

spots (that nearest the base lunate), two dots in the cell, a

sigmoidal litura closing the cell, a dot beyond it, an

elongate spot or dash and two dots in a longitudinal line

on the interno-median interspace, and two dots on the

internal interspace, black; a large spot on the inner

margin near the base, and an irregular discal interrupted

band (the nervures across which are blackish), dark

brown ; secondaries bright stramineous becoming whitish

on the costa; thorax dust-grey, spotted with black,

abdomen ochreous with a dorsal row of black dots;

primaries below brown, dusky in the cell, the latter with a

central black dot and a terminal black streak; secondaries

creamy yellow with a faint pink shot; a black spot on °

upper discocellular; body below creamy-whitish, the legs

spotted with black; venter subochreous, with a lateral

series of black dots: expanse of wings 1 inch 4 lin.

259, Digamamarchalii = Callimorpha? marchalii, Guérin,

Voy. Deless. Hist. Nat. p. 91, pl. xxvi. fig. 2.

Hab.—India.

260. Digama insulana, Felder, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges.

1868, p. 285. |

Digama hearseyana $, Moore, Cat. Lep.

E. I. C. 2, pl. viia. fig. 3. Hab.—é, 2 Ceylon.

The Indian males taken by General Hearsey agree in

all points of coloration with the female as figured by

Moore; whereas the Ceylonese species agrees with the

male, as represented on pl. vila. in having the primaries

pale dove-brown, slightly deeper towards outer margin,

and without dark blackish spots or a trace of the whitish

lines which occur on D. hearseyana.

261. Digama hearseyana, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. 2,

p- 298, 9, pl. vii’. fig. 3%. ZZab.— Punjab, North

India, South India, Ceylon.

262. Digama marmorea, n. sp. HZab.—North Australia.

Primaries sepia-brown, crossed obliquely by a broad,

irregular greyish-white band, spotted here and there with

brown, its inferior extremity continued inwards as a broad

basi-internal border, and marked with two black spots, a

black oblique line bounding the inner edge of the band on

the costal area, a second, less oblique, crossing it upon the

same area and limited by the subcostal vein, four black

364 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

dots forming a quadrangle in the centre of the band; two

black dots (still upon the band) placed obliquely 1mme-

diately beyond the cell; three irregular G -shaped whitish

markings in a line across the disc, the uppermost near to

apex, the lowermost, confused, placed near external angle;

a dusky regular submarginal line, beyond which is an

abbreviated white marginal line; fringe white, spotted

with brown; secondaries ochreous, with a large apical

brown patch ; thorax greyish, spotted with black, tegule

dark brown; abdomen ochreous, with dorsal and lateral

series of black dots ; wings below much paler than above,

primaries pale silky brown, with a broad abbreviated

costal streak crossed near the end by a large black spot

and terminating in a dark-brown spot; a black dot in the

cell, and another beyond it; secondaries with the apex

pale silky brown; a triangular black spot on the upper

discocellular, and a larger spot on the costa near apex ;

body below white, legs banded with brown, venter with a

well-defined lateral series of black spots: expanse of wings

1 inch 1 line.

“Mosopa, Walker.

263. Mosoda anartoides, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 5, p. 1900.

Hab.— Australia. :

Hatone, Walker. =

264. Halone sobria, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 540. Hab.—

Natal.

Nearly allied to the preceding genus.

CiisoBaRA, Walker.

265. Clisobara catocalina, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p- 269. Hab.—Moreton Bay, Australia.

Nearly allied to the genus Halone.

Arena, Hubner (Group Xanthestes, Rambur).

(Pl. VILL. fig. 6.) ae

266. Argina leonina= Deiopeia leonina, Wlk. Lep. Het.

Suppl. 1, p. 262. Hab.—Sierra Leone.

267. Argina dulcis= Deiopeia dulcis, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

| p. 569.

Phalena cribraria var. Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii.

pl. 288, D. Hab.—Canara, South India.

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 365

268. Argina pardalina? = Deiopeia pardalina, W1k. Lep.

Het. Suppl. 1, p. 263. Hab.—Moulmein.

269. Argina guttata — Xanthestes guttata, Rambur,

Faune de-l’Andalousie ii. p. 229.

Phalena cribraria, 8, Cramer (nec Clerck),

Pap. Exot. i. pl. ecvi. fig. C. Hab.—Rodri-

guez, Mauritius, Ceylon, India, Nepal.

- This and the four following are probably all varieties of

one common and widely-distributed species.

270. Argina notata, n. sp. Hab.—North India.

Differs from its near allies in the larger rounded spots

of primaries, which are not surrounded by white or grey

irides.

271. Argina cribraria, Clerck, Icones, pl. liv. fig. 4.

Hab.—Punjab, North India, Penang, Hong-

Kong.

272. Argina astrea = Phalena astrea, Drury, Ill. 2, pl. vi.

fie. 3.

Phalena cribraria, ¢, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii.

pl. eevii. fig. G. Hab.—Ceylon, North India,

Rodriguez.

273. Argina pylotis = Phalzna pylotis, Fabricius, Ent.

Syst. ii. 1, p. 479. Hab. — North India,

Ceylon.

Extremely close to the preceding form.

274. Argina ocellina = Deiopeia ocellina, Wlk. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 571. Hab.—Lizard Island, East

Africa, Zoolu, Natal, Madagascar.

Deiopeia lepida of Walker is a Zerenopsis.

275. Argina cingulifera = Deiopeia cingulifera, Wk.

Lep. Het. 2, p. 569. Hab.—Congo.

Chiefly differs from the preceding species in having the

black spots encircled with white.

276. Argina albocincta — Xanthestes albocincta, Ram-

bur, Faune de l’Andalousie ii. p. 229 (Note).

Hab.— Natal.

Differs from the preceding species in its slightly greater

366 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

size, the larger spots of primaries, the wider and continuous

submarginal band of secondaries, and the presence of two

additional black spots on either side of the discoidal cell

in these wings. This is without doubt the D. pylotis of

Boisduval, but not of Fabricius.

(Group Arena, Hubner.)

277. Argina argus = Kuprepia? argus, Kollar, Kaschmir

von Von Hiigel, p. 467, pl. xxl. fig. 3. Hab.—

Simla, North India, N epal, Calcutta, South

India, Ceylon.

278. Argina syringa = Phalena syringa, Cramer, Pap.

Exot. 1, pl. v. C. D. Hab.—North India,

Ceylon, ‘Australia.

TATARGINA, nov. gen. (PI. VIII. fig. 17.)

- Allied to Argina, but the primaries narrower, the

secondaries more acuminate at apex, the discocellulars of

the latter wings more angulated, and the palpi shorter.

Type, Z. picta.

279. Tatargyna picta = Deiopeia picta, Wik. Lep. Het.

Suppl. 1, p. 263. £/ab.—Moulmein.

280. Tatargyna formosa, n. sp

Detopeia picta, var. B. “Wik. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p- 264. Mab.—South China.

The white-bordered grey bands of primaries are not

only broader than in 7. picta, but more oblique and less

angular; the secondaries, instead of having a few small

scattered br own-bordered grey costal spots, have four more

or less interrupted brown costal bands, a spot at the in-

ferior extremity of the cell, a second on the middle of the

first median branch, and an irregular interrupted litura

across the interno-median interspace.

CasTABALA, Walker.

281. Castabala roseata, WIk. Lep. Het. Suppl. lnpen ale

Hab.—India.

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 367

Bawnasa, Walker.

282. Boenasa nigrorosea, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 266.

Hab.—Fiaiti.

_ This pretty little species nearly resembles our European

Callimorpha jacobee in coloration, but the secondaries are

much smaller in comparison, and the entire insect is little

larger than a single primary of that species.

CaLLimorpPHa, Latreille.

283. Callimorpha jacobs = Noctua jacobes, Linn.

Syst. Nat. 1, p. 839. Mab.—Kurope.

EvuBAPHe, Hubner.

284, Eubaphe leta = Lithosia leta, Boisduval in Guérin’s

Régne Anim. Ins. pl. Ixxxvii. fig.6. Hab.—?

285. Eubaphe opella ?= Crocota opella, Grote, Proc. Ent.

Soe. Phil. vol. i. p. 345, ii. pl. i. fig. 1 2. Hab.—

United States, Texas (Belfragqe).

Our specimens differ from Mr. Grote’s figure in their

smaller size and the wider black-brown marginal band of

secondaries. Walker included them with C. rubicundaria

(excepting the Texan example).

286. Eubaphe brevicornis = Crocota brevicornis, WIk.

Lep. Het. 2, p. 536. Hab.—United States.

Walker also placed several examples of this species

under his (not Htibner’s) Crocota rubicundaria.

287. Eubaphe aurantiaca, Hiibner, Sml. Exot. Schm.

Zutr. figs. 411, 412.

Crocota rubicundaria, Hiibney, 1. ¢. figs. 511, 512.

Hab.— United States.

288. Eubaphe ferruginosa=Crocota ferruginosa, Wk.

Lep. Het. 2, p.535. Hab.—St. Martin’s Falls,

Hudson’s Bay.

Walker placed an example of this species under his

C. rubicundaria.

Evupu ee, Hubner.

289. Eudule pulchricolora, Hiibner, Sml. Exot. Schm.

Zutr. figs. 253, 254. Hab.—Para.

E. variegata of Walker is referable to the genus Glissa,

368 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

and belongs to the Melameride; E. bipennis belongs to

the same family, in which it will constitute a new genus

allied to Mennis.

290. Eudule sanguinea, n. sp. Hab.—Probably from Para.

Wings above bright brick-red, the primaries with costal

margin and fringe black, the secondaries with the fringe

black; body pale olive-brown, the collar, tegulz and mar-

gins of abdomen red; wings below of a brighter colour,

with the outer border (as well as the fringe) and the costal

border of primaries brown; body below whity-brown:

expanse of wings 11 lines.

Somewhat like the next species, but smaller, consider-

ably. darker in colour, and more elegantly formed.

291. Eudule invaria = Ameria invaria, W1k. Lep. Het. 2,

p- 555. Hab.—Venezuela.

292. Eudule conformis = Ameria conformis, Wlk. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 555. Hab.—Mexico.

293. Eudule cupraria = Crocota cupraria, Wlk. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 537. Hab.—Brazil and Venezuela.

I suspect that the Lithosia trichoptera of Perty is this

species.

LEPTIDULE, nov. gen. (Pl. VIII. fig. 11.)

Wings delicate, thinly clothed with scales, the costal

margin of primaries waved, the outer and inner margins

convex; the discoidal cell very long and narrow; first

branch of subcostal forked, the lower fork united by a

cross-vein to the second branch which emits three nervules

from its inferior margin; the first of these nervules

answers to the upper radial; discocellulars oblique; the

lower radial emitted near the third median branch from

the inferior extremity of the cell, the second median near

the end of the cell, the first from about the middle of the

median nervure; secondaries almost circular; costal vein

absent; subcostal three-branched; upper discocellular

L-shaped; lower discocellular short and oblique; the

radial and the two last branches of the median vein emit-

ted at equal distances: body slender, scarcely exceeding

the secondaries, the male with lateral anal tufts; antennze

about half the length of the primaries, palpi small and

delicate; legs long and slender, the second pair of tibiz

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 369

with short terminal spinules, posterior tibize with two

pairs of spurs. Type, L. integra.

294, Leptidule integra = Ameria integra, Wlk. Lep.

Het. Suppl. 5, p. 1893. Hab.—Santa Martha.

295. Leptidule sordida, n. sp. Hab.—Santa Martha

(Bouchard).

Sordid ochraceous, secondaries with the outer margin

and anal angle smoky-brown, the inner edge being broadly

tridentate; body testaceous, the head, collar, tegule and

anus ochraceous, the tegule fringed with smoky-brown ;

primaries below with the apex greyish; body below ochra-

ceous, the legs blackish above, the tibiz and tarsal joints

below terminally black banded: expanse of wings 9 lines.

SETINA, Schrank.

296. Setina flava, Bremer and Grey, Beitr. zur Schm.

Nordl. China’s, p. 15. Hab.—North China.

This is undoubtedly Walker’s S. sinensis, as suggested

by that author )

297. Setina rejecta, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 521. Hab.—

—?

298. Setina apicalis, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 521. Hab.—

China.

299. Setina accepta, n. sp. Hab.—Sarawak.

Primaries bright chrome-yellow ; secondaries creamy

whitish, with the apex and fringe yellow; thorax chrome-

yellow, abdomen pale smoky-brown, anal tuft stramineous;

primaries below with a broad, terminally clavate subcostal

streak from the base to near the outer margin; internal

area whitish; pectus greyish, lees and venter stramineous:

expanse of wings 9 lines.

Allied to the two preceding species, but more nearly

resembling a little species taken by the Rev. R. P. Murray

at Zermatt, and which I have been hitherto unable to

identify ; it may be an immaculate and dwarfed example

of S. trrorella.

300. Setina mesomella = Tinea mesomella, Linn. Syst.

Nat. 11. p. 886. /ab.—Ratisbon.

370 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

301. Setina freyeri, Nickerl, Stett. Ent. Zeit. vi. is 105.

Hab.—Carinthian Alps.

302. Setina flavicans = Bombyx flavicans, Hiibner,

; Bomb. figs. 344, 345. Hab.—South of France.

303. Setina irrorella — Tinea irrorella, Linn. Syst. Nat.

i. p. 885. Hab.—Kurope.

304. Setina kuhlweinii = Bombyx kuhlweini, Hiibner,

Bomb. figs. 290, 291. Hab.—North-east Ger-

many.

305. Setina ramosa = Bombyx ramosa, Fabricius, Ent.

Syst. iii. 1, p. 463. Hab.—Vevay, Switzerland.

306. Setina furcifera, Wik. Lep. Het. 2, p. 520. Hab.—

‘Tasmania.

Setina trifurcata, Wlk. 1. c. Suppl. 1, p. 237.

307. Setina melanomos — Lithosia melanomos, Nickerl,

Stett. Ent. Zeit. vi. p. 104. Mab.—Carinthian

Alps.

308. Setina roscida — Noctua roscida, Denis: & Schiff.

Wien. Verz. p. 68. Hab.—Ratisbon.

. Setina aurita = Noctua aurita, Esper, Kur. Schmett.

iy. pl. xciv. fig. 1. Hab.—Swiss Alps.

Nuparia, Haworth.

. Nudaria dasara = = Setina dasara, Moore, Cat. Lep.

K. I. C. i. p. 303. Hab.—Java.

3 Naan margaritacea, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p- 275. Hab. — Darjeeling.

. Nudaria floccosa, Wik. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 274.

Hab.—South India.

. Nudaria mundana = Phalena mundana, Linn.

Syst. Nat. 1, 2, p. 812. Hab.—Europe.

. Nudaria obliterata, Wlk. Lep. Het. ee blo. 23s

Hab.—Sierra Leone.

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 371

315. Nudaria albida, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 273.

Hab.— Moreton. Bay.

316. Nudaria murina = Bombyx murina, Esper, Eur.

Schm. ii. p. 491, pl. lxxxviii. cont. 9. Hab.—

South of France.

317. Nudaria senex = Bombyx senex, Hiibner, Bomb.

pl. lv. figs. 236, 237. Hab.—England (British

Collection).

318. Nudaria solita = Setina solita, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2,

p. 521. Hab.—Ceylon.

Comacia, Walker.

319. Comacla simplex = Pagara simplex, Wlk. Lep.

Het: 17; ps 1679.

Comacla murina, Wk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 276.

Hab.—FEast Florida.

Paidia citrosa of Hiibner appears to me to belong to

this genus.

EvupuHanessa, Packard.

320. Euphanessa mendica = Nudaria mendica, Wk.

Lep. Het. 2, p. 576.

Eudule biseriata, Werrich-Schiiffer, Lep.

Exot. fig. 441. Hab.—United States, Nova

Scotia, Trenton Falls.

Paidia transjecta looks as if it belonged to this genus.

DELPHYRE, Walker.

321. Delphyre hebes, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 537. Hab.—

Honduras.

PaipiA, Herrich- Schiffer.

322. Paidia mesogona — Callimorpha mesogona, Godart,

Pap. de France, ii. p. 396, pl. xi. fic. 6.

Hab.— Europe.

323. Paidia marginata — Nudaria? marginata, WIk.

Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 274. Hab.—South

India.

Bie. Mr. A. G. Butler on the

Repa, Walker.

324. Repa cana, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 5, p. 1898.

Hab.— United States.

— Uxia, Walker.

325. Uxia albida, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 5, p. 1897.

Hab.— North America.

Cincia, Walker.*

326. Cincia conspersa, Wlk. Lep. Het. ee 538. Hab.

—Jamaica.

Mutona, Walker.

327. Mulona lapidaria, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 5, p. 1896.

Hab.—St. Domingo.

LAEMENE, Walker.

328. Ammene taprobanis, Wlk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 542.

Hab.—Ceylon.

Panassa cingalesa, Wik. Lep. Het. Suppl. 2,

p- 607.

Autoceras grammophera of Felder may be this

species, but I think it distinct.

329. /Emene sordida, n. sp. . Hab.—South India.

Primaries whity-brown; two black dots at the base; .

two sub-basal blackish spots placed obliquely, followed by

a sigmoidal transverse series, then a dot in the cell, followed

by a central somewhat blurred bisinuated series of spots ;

an angular black discocellular spot, followed by an irregular

oblique series of black dots ; a subapical costal lunule ; a

submarginal series of black dots; the base of the fringe,

opposite to the second and fifth of the submarginal dots,

dusky ; secondaries white with indistinct pale-brown mar-

ginal dots; fringe creamy; thorax whity-brown, abdomen

greyish; primaries below greyish, the borders stramineous,

the markings of the upper surface dimly visible; secon-

daries as above ; pectus whitish, venter white: expanse of

wing's 84 lines.

A somewhat allied species occurs in Japan.

* This and the four following genera are very nearly allied,

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 373

330. Atmene guttulosana = Tospitis guttulosana, Wlk.

Lep. Het. 28, p. 429. Hab.—South India,

Ceylon, East India, North India.

Primaries above creamy-whitish ; two black spots placed

obliquely near the base, followed at a short distance by

four spots, the first and third large, the other two mere

dots; a large spot on the centre of the costa, below which

is a small dot in the cell; a dot on the inner margin in a

line with the discoidal one and followed by two undulated

interno-median transverse liturze which are connected in

the centre by a short longitudinal line; a large black spot

closing the cell, and followed by a macular e-shaped discal

line; two subapical spots; a submarginal series of eight

black dots; secondaries white, slightly greyish from the

cell to the outer margin; thorax creamy-whitish, prothorax

with two black dots partly covered by the tegulee ; abdomen

greyish, with the two last segments white; wings below

greyish, the markings dimly visible; the borders whitish ;

secondaries with a greyish discocellular spot, and a line of

the same colour across the disc; body below creamy-

whitish: expanse of wings 11 lines.

The more Northern examples are rather smaller and less

distinctly marked than the Southern and Cingalese

specimens.

Siccra, Walker.

331. Siccia caffra, Wk. Lep. Het. 2, p. 539. Hab.—

South Africa, Knysna, N atal.

Melania punctigera, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep. 4;

pl. evi. figs. 34, 35.

Felder’s female is whiter than any that I have seen.

RasEviA, Hubner.

332. Reeselia confusalis, Herr.-Sch. Schm. Eur. 1. p. 164.

Hab.—Germany.

333. Reeselia ancipitalis, Herr.-Sch. Schm. Eur. ii. p. 165,

figs. 132, 133. Hab.—lHurope.

334. Roeselia centonalis = Pyralis centonalis, Hiibner,

Pyral. pl. ui. fig. 15. .Hab.—Germany.

335. Reoeselia chlamydulalis = Pyralis chlamydulalis,

Hiibner, Pyral. 7, 1, pl. xxv. fig. 160; pl. xxviii.

fig. 181. Hab. — Marseilles.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.) DD

374 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

336. Roeselia cicatricalis = Hercyna cicatricalis, Treit-

schke, Schm. Eur. x. p. 3. Habl.—Ratisbon.

337. Reeselia strigulalis—= Hercyna strigulalis, Treitschke,

Schm. Kur. viii. p. 187. Hab.—Europe.

338. Roeselia togatulalis = Pyralis togatulalis, Hiibner,

Pyral. 7, 1, pl. xx. fig. 130. Hab.— Germany.

339. Reeselia cristulalis = Pyralis cristulalis, Hiibner,

Pyral. 8, 6, pl. 1. fig. 17. Hab.—Frankfort.

340. Reeselia palliolalis = Hercyna palleolalis, Treitschke,

Schm. Eur. vii. p. 188. Hab.—Europe.

Evueoa, Walker. (Pl. VIII. fig. 6.)

341. Eugoa equalis, Wik. Lep. Het. 12, p.768. =Hab.—

Sarawak.

Lyclene trifascia, Wik. Journ. Linn. Soe. vi.

Oo Lb

Lyclene imposita, Wik. 1. c. p. 112.

342. Eugoa bipunctata = Lyclene bipunctata, WHk.

Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 115. Hab.—Sarawak.

I was a long time in identifying this species, as Walker

has omitted the very character for which he gave it the

name; the primaries have two black dots in the discoidal

cell between the two dark oblique lines.

343. Eugoa distributa = Lyclene distributa, Wlk. Journ.

Linn. Soc. vi. p. 113. Hab.—Sarawak.

Lyclene vagigutta and L. atrigutta probably belong to

Ajmene.

Sinna, Walker. (Pl. VIII. fig. 12.)

344, Sinna extrema — Deiopeia extrema, Wlk. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 573.

Teinopyga reticularis, Felder, Reise der Nov.

Lep. 4, pl. cvi. fig. 18. Hab.—Shanghai. |

345. Sinna calospila, Wlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. 2, p. 642.

Hab.—Java.

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 375

ZERENOPSIS, Felder. (Pl. VIII. fig. 19.)

346. Zerenopsis leopardina, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep. 4,

pl. c. fig. 19. Hab.—South Africa.

347. Zerenopsis lepida = Deiopeia lepida, Wlk. Lep.

Het. 2, p. 571. -Hab.—Natal. |

STENELOPSIS, nov. gen. (PI. VIII. fig. 13.)

' Allied to the preceding genus, but strangely resembling

the Dioptid genus Stenele. It may readily be distin-

guished from that group (with which alone it could be

confounded) by its more robust body, much longer palpi,

the bladder-like drums at the base of the abdomen, the

lower radial of primaries emitted near to the third median

branch, the shorter secondaries, longer discoidal cell, the

subcostal branches placed upon a footstalk, and the more

angular discocellulars. Type, S. exposita.

348. Stenelopsis exposita, n. sp. Hab.—Para.

Much resembling Stenele translata; wings cadmium-

yellow; primaries with a sulphur-yellow longitudinal in+

terno-median streak; a large black spot, excavated in

front, at the end of the cell, followed by an irregular

abbreviated cream-coloured band ; outer border and apex

broadly brown; a submarginal series of eight pale yellow

spots, becoming elongate towards the costa; costal margin

and internal vein blackish; secondaries with a large rounded

black spot at the end of the cell; outer border and the

greater part of the veins on the disc black-brown; subapical

area and costa sulphur-yellow; crest of head white, with

a central brown spot; vertex and collar brown, spotted

with yellow; thorax dark brown, longitudinally streaked

with yellow; abdomen chrome-yellow, the posterior half

with central and lateral longitudinal dusky streaks, which

converge towards the anus; wings below clearer in colour,

the submarginal spots paler; secondaries with five or six

small spots on the outer border; body below cream-

coloured, legs streaked with brown: expanse. of wings

2 inches | line.

349. Stenelopsis maculifrons = Stenele maculifrons, WIk.

Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p..157. Hab.—Limas,.. ..

DD2

376 ; Mr. A. G. Butler on the

Petovia, Walker. (PI. VIII. fig. 7.)

350. Petovia dichroaria = Geometra dichroaria, Herrich-

Sch. Lep. Exot. fig. 189. Hab.—Natal, Cape.

Confounded by Walker with the following, of which he

regarded it as the female.

351. Petovia marginata, Wik. Lep. Het. 2, p. 560. Hab.

—Interior of South Africa.

PTEROODES, nov. gen. (PI. VIII. fig. 20.)

Wings long and oval, the costal nervure of primaries

terminating at second third of costal margin; the sub-

costal five-branched, the first two branches thrown off

before the end of the cell, the third and fourth emitted

from a long footstalk, below and near the base of which

the fifth branch (answering to the upper radial) is emitted,

discocellular arched inwards; lower radial and last two

branches emitted almost from the same point at the in-

ferior extremity of the cell; subcostal of secondaries three-

branched, the first branch emitted before the end of the

cell, the others from the same point at its superior

extremity; discocellular im-arched, a false radial with

recurrent continuation passing through its centre to the

base of the cell; true radial emitted near the second and

third medians as in primaries; body moderately slender

and extending considerably beyond the secondaries; palpi

long and porrect; legs long and rather slender, hind tibize

with a short thick spine before their proximal extremity,

and two still shorter at their extremity. Type, P. longi-

pennis.

352. Pteroodes longipennis = Lithosia longipennis, W1k.

Lep. Het. 2, p. 510. Hab.—Mexico.

This singular species has much the form of the Rhopa-

locerous genus Heliconius ; it forms an excellent transition

to the next family—Hypside.

SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIES.

353. Pallene gracilis, n. sp. Hab.—Sydney (Two speci=

mens).

Primaries white, crossed just before the middle by a

black »-shaped band, slightly irregular and with its inner

fork much more slender than the outer one; two black

Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiide. 377

dots below the angle of the band, almost converting it into

an x ; the discoidal cell and interno-median interspace

immediately beyond the band blurred with greyish scales;

a large blackish subapical spot, just enclosing a small

white costal spot at its upper interior angle; external

angle divided off by an arched series of five blackish dots ;

outer margin greyish; a marginal series of minute black

dots; fringe yellowish ; secondaries stramineous, the

fringe darker; discocellulars and apex grey; head and

collar white; tegule with the basal half black, the apical

half white; thorax black, with interrupted white posterior

margin; abdomen stramineous; primaries below blurred

with grey, the costa to the end of the cell broadly black-

ish; pectus greyish: expanse of wings 8 lines.

Intermediate in character between P. transversa and

P. aspectalella. I found this species with the Tineina.

For Japanese species in the collection see Ann. and

Mag. Nat. Hist. 4th Series, vol. xx. pp. 396—400.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII,

Figs. 1, 2. Neuration of secondaries of Chrysocale g and Q.

3. Ap Gonistis basinota.

4, bs primaries of Calamidia.

5. s secondaries of Argina.

6. of 55 ELugoa equalis.

Uc -p ss Petovia dichroaria.

8. Male claspers of Josioides celena.

9. Neuration of secondaries of Dianasa.

10. "5 F and radiating brush of primaries in

g Areva.

ie = as of Leptidule.

12. r of Sinna calospila.

13. r + Stenelopsis exposita.

14, oF of Lemyra.

Lb: a oe Bizone divakara.

16. op Crambomorpha beema.

ie 5 of Tatargyna.

18. 3 7 Tigrioides.

LOE a op Zerenopsis lepida.

20. + op Pteroodes longipennis.

XXIV. Descriptions of New Species of the Coleopterous

genus Callirrhipis (Rhipidoceride) in the

British Museum. By Cuas. O. WaArTER-

HOUSE.

[Read November 7th, 1877.]

THE determination of a species of Callirrhipis from the

Andaman Islands has led me to examine the specimens

of this genus in the British Museum Collection. I have

found among them numerous undescribed species which

are here characterized, and I have also made the following

notes.

The males are always more or less pubescent above, and

the antennz are at least half the length of the entire

insect, and with long slender branches, the length of

which appears to vary slightly in the same species. The

male organ is short, rather flattened, and presents at the

apex three points, the two lateral ones slightly curved,

acuminate and embracing the central smaller one.

All the females of species known to me are destitute of

pubescence above ; the antennz are about as long as the

head and thorax taken together, and have only short

branches. The ovipositor is nearly as long as the entire

abdomen, and the apex (which is frequently visible) pre-

sents two sharp points.

The small horny pieces (“ piéce jugulaires”) situated in

ligament between the head and thorax seem to be for pro-

tection to the eyes when the head is withdrawn into the

thorax; they are slightly woolly on the surface next the

eye. It is strange that they should have only been

observed in the American species. I have found them in

all the species in both sexes.

I have not seen the female of any American species,

and have only been able to match the sexes of one species

from Borneo, that which I here name Callirrhipis dis-

similis ; but of the characterized species known to me

from description I have little doubt that C. Championi of

Westwood will prove to be the female of C. Templeton

of the same author. C. orientalis, Castelnau, will pro-

TRANS. ENT. 80C. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.)

380 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of

bably be the female (not the male as he suggests) of

C. javanica, Casteln.

List OF SPECIES.

Callirrhipis dissimilis, C. Waterh. Callirrhipis lineata, C. Waterh.

4 fasciata, a 5 costata, yd

” trepida, ” ry) gausapata, ,,

55 stabilis, Bs we residua, .

. Bowringii, a 55 suturalis, ,,

= antiqua, rs $6) cribrata,

+) robusta, 5 55 cyaneicollis, ,,

as longicornis, __,, 4 reticulata, ,,

35 femorata, 3 . inconspicua, ,,

* leta, 3 3 simplex, x

I. ASIATIC SPECIES.

Callirrhipis dissimilis, sp. nov.

Elongata, parum convexa, fusca, dense pube flavo-

grisea vestita; antennis ramis longissimis; thorace antice

rotundato, supra utrinque puncto profundo, et postice

impressionibus quatuor notato, dense evidenter punctato;

elytris. punctis profundis sat crebre dispositis, pube flavo-

eriseo tessellatis; antennis tibis tarsisque brunneis.

Long. 8—9 lin.

Head somewhat rough above, very closely and distinctly

punctured, the width in front half that of the head between

the eyes. Antenne (except the basal joint) dull brown,

the basal joint thickly and distinctly punctured. Thorax

one-third broader than long, a little narrowed and much

rounded in front, convex anteriorly; the punctuation

behind is fine and close, in front it is stronger and close,

and the interspaces form rugulee ; on each side of the disk

(a little behind the middle) is a deep punctiform im-

pression; there are two small shallow impressions just

over the scutellum, and a large shallow impression within

the posterior angle; the posterior margin is rather strongly

notched above the scutellum, and strongly sinuate on each

side. The elytra sub-parallel for two-thirds their length,

then narrowed to the apex, the dense pubescence being

arranged in different directions gives them a tessellated

appearance; there is a short oblique (scarcely visible)

costa near the scutellum, two others (rather more distinct)

unite a little before the apex, the lateral one is very

obscure; the punctures on the surface are not very close,

very deep and distinct, with a tendency to form lines at

the sides. ‘The abdomen has no impressions, the margins

new species of the Coleopterous genus Callirrhipis. 381

of the segments (as well as the tibize and tarsi) are rather

brown.

The antennz in one specimen are a trifle shorter than

in the others, but I can perceive no other difference, and

have not the slightest doubt that they are all one species.

Hab.—Borneo (J. C. Bowring, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

The following is the description of the female :—

Elongata, robusta, picea, nitida, calva; capite crebre

fortiter punctato, inter antennas sat profunde excavato ;

thorace ante medium angustato, antice obtuse rotundato,

sat crebre punctato (punctis parvis atque majoribus inter-

mixtis), intra angulos posticos impresso, disco utrinque

fossi profunda ovata nitida, basi juxta scutellum impres-

sionibus oblongis duobus ; scutello subtiliter punctulato ;

elytris postice parum ampliatis, apice angustatis, sat crebre

fortiter irregulariter punctatis, interstitiis levibus, costis

quatuor elevatis ; abdomine distincte crebre punctato.

Long. 9 lin.; lat. 3? lin.

Antenne as long as the head and thorax together.

Head above deeply excavated between the antenne, with

a short longitudinal impression on the vertex. Thorax

rather swollen at the sides before the posterior angles,

convex in front, deeply impressed within the posterior

angles (this impression longitudinally obscurely rugulose),

very unevenly, rather thickly, and not very strongly

punctured, and with extremely fine punctures intermixed;

on each side of the disk is a deep fovea, and just above the

scutellum are two shallow ill-defined impressions. The

scutellum is rather raised in the middle and at the sides.

Elytra thickly and strongly punctured, the intervals and

coste impunctate, the cost are distinctly but not much

raised, and the space between first and second is slightly

concave. The punctuation of the abdomen, although

rather fine, is very distinct.

Hab.—Borneo (J. C. Bowring, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

Of the following Species only the males are known to me.

C. fasciata, sp. nov.

Elongata, fusca, griseo-flavo-sericea; capite inter an-

tennas bene angustato, longitudinaliter impresso ; thorace

antice angustato, medio paulo constricto, dense sericeo,

subtiliter dense punctulato, utrinque puncto profundo, et

basi juxta scutellum impressionibus duobus notato; elytris

382 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of

subparallelis apice angustatis, brunneo-fusco velutinis,

dimidio basali et fascia obliqua griseo-flavo-sericeis ; ab-

dominis segmentis 2° et 3° macula velutina notatis.

Long. 6—83 lin.

Head above slightly concave, unusually narrowed be-

tween the antenne, with a longitudinal impressed line,

the pubescence forms a patch at the back, divided in the

middle into two. Thorax much narrowed in front, dis-

tinctly constricted about the middle, rounded and convex

in front; there is a deep punctiform impression on each

side of the disk, two small shallow impressions next the

scutellum, and an indication of an impression within the

posterior angles. The punctuation of the elytra is ex-

tremely fine and difficult to see, but there are some large

punctures scattered over the sides; the pubescence is dark

velvety-brown, but all the basal portion is clothed with

greyish-yellow silky pubescence (intermixed with brown

in some lights), a little behind the middle is an oblique

band of yellowish pubescence.

Hab.— Ceylon. Brit. Mus.

The description and figure of C. Templetoni, Westw.,

agree admirably with this species, but I cannot believe

that Prof. Westwood could have omitted all mention of

the silky bands on the elytra, which gives the insect such

a marked character.

C. trepida, sp. nov.

Elongata, angusta, fusca, dense griseo-pubescens ;

thorace ante medium rotundato-angustato, creberrime

evidenter punctato, utrinque impressionibus tribus parvis ;

elytris apicem versus attenuatis, costis vix conspicuis,

subtilissime crebre punctulatis, punctis majoribus sat

crebre irregulariter dispositis.

Long. 54 lin.; lat. 12 lin.

Head impressed between the eyes, very thickly and

distinctly punctured ; antennz very long, the same length

as the elytra. Thorax very closely and rather strongly

punctured, convex and rounded in front, distinctly nar-

rowed in front of the middle, the sides nearly parallel near

the posterior angles, which are consequently nearly right

angles, the base not very strongly sinuate on each side,

slightly lobed over the scutellum, the lobe truncate ; on

each side of the disk there is a small not very distinct

new species of the Coleopterous genus Callirrhipis. 383

punctiform impression, two others just above the scutellum,

and the space within the posterior angles is also slightly

impressed. LElytra attenuated from about the middle,

very finely and closely punctured, and large punctures are

rather thickly irregularly scattered over the surface, more

especially visible towards the sides. Abdomen very finely

and thickly punctured, the fifth segment rather less closely,

very slightly emarginate at the apex.

Hab.—Batchian. Brit. Mus.

One example has the elytra rather brownish.

C. stabilis, sp. nov.

Elongata, postice attenuata, fusca, flavo-griseo-

pubescens; thorace antice bene rotundato, creberrime

evidenter punctato, lateribus arcuatis, disco utrinque fossa

sat profunda, basi juxta scutellum punctis duobus notata;

elytris postice angustatis (costis parum elevatis), crebre

fortiter seriatim punctatis, interstitiis crebre subtilissime

punctulatis.

Long. 54 lin.; lat. 12 lin.

Very close to the preceding, but rather broader in

form, more attenuated posteriorly. Antenne rather

shorter, five-sixth the length of the elytra. Thorax a

little broader, entirely rounded in front, with no distinct

constriction in front of the middle, the sides regularly

arcuate from the posterior angles; the fossez on the disk

are deep and rather large, the small impressions next the

scutellum are shallow, the space within the posterior

angles is slightly impressed; the base is rather more

sinuate on each side, and the mesial lobe is very slightly

emarginate. The costs on the elytra are indistinct ; the

large punctures are rather close and more distinct (even

on the dorsal region), and towards the sides they form

irregular lines; the punctuation of the interspaces is

extremely fine and much less close than in the preceding

species, so that the elytra are more shining; the pubes-

cence is more sparse. The abdomen is very finely and

closely punctured, but the fifth segment is much less

closely punctured at the base, and the apex is rounded.

Hab.—Ceram. Brit. Mus.

C. Bowringii, sp. nov.

Elongata, sat lata, postice angustata, fusca, flavo-griseo-

pubescens; thorace fere semicirculari, crebre fortiter

384 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of —

punctato, fossis quatuor haud profundis impressis ; elytris

apicem versus gradatim attenuatis, sat crebre fortissime

lineato-punctatis, interspatiis haud crebre subtilissume

punctulatis, nititis, costis haud conspicuis.

Long. 63 lin.; lat. 24 ln.

Relatively broader than the preceding, and more

oradually attenuated behind. ‘The antennz are relatively

shorter, being five-sevenths the length of the elytra. The

thorax is nearly semicircular, very thickly and strongly

punctured; there is on each side an oblique shallow im-

pression (formed by the uniting of the usual discoidal fossa

and the impression within the posterior angles); there are

two small impressions near the scutellum, the base is

sinuate on each side, the mesial lobe is rather broad and

not emarginate. Scutellum clothed with yellowish pubes-

cence. LElytra much attenuated, very strongly and rather

closely punctured in tolerably well-defined lines, the inter-

spaces are extremely, finely and rather sparingly punc-

tured ; the coste are scarcely visible.

The punctuation is much stronger than in the preceding

species.

Hab.—Penang (J. C. Bowring, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

C. antiqua, sp. nov.

Elongata, postice attenuata, obscure fusca, dense flavo-

griseo-pubescens ; thorace antice parum angustato et

rotundato, creberrime evidenter punctato, impressionibus

quatuor parum distinctis; elytris sat crebre fortiter punc-

tatis, interstitiis crebre subtilissime punctulatis.

Long. 74 lin.; lat. 2? lin.

Antenne two-thirds the length of the elytra, fuscous.

Thorax gradually (but not much) narrowed anteriorly

from the base, regularly rounded in front, not constricted

in the middle, distinctly and very thickly punctured; the

dorsal impressions are not deep, the two on the disk and

the pair next the scutellum moderately distinct, the im-

pression within the posterior angles scarcely perceptible.

The punctuation of the elytra is very strong, but the

punctures are not so large as in C. occultus, and they do

not form lines, the interspaces are very finely and thickly

punctured.

HHab.—Philippine Islands. Brit. Mus.

This species is close to C. Bowring7?, but is less narrowed

new species of the Coleopterous genus Callirrhipis. 385

posteriorly, the thorax is not so short, and is a little

narrowed from the posterior angles forward. The punc-

tuation of the elytra is less strong and not in lines.

C. robusta, sp. nov.

Elongata, convexa, fusca, flavo-griseo-pubescens ; tho-

race antice omnino rotundato, creberrime sat fortiter punc-

tato, supra impressionibus quatuor haud profundis; elytris

sat convexis parallelis apice arcuatim attenuatis, crebre

fortiter irregulariter punctatis, interstitiis crebre subtilis-

sime punctulatis, costis vix conspicuis.

Long. 6# lin. ; lat. 2} lin.

Rather a oe species, rather convex, more parallel in

the elytra, only narrowed at the apex. Antenne three-

fourths the length of the elytra. Thorax scarcely narrowed

anteriorly, rounded in front (the sides not much arched),

very thickly and rather strongly punctured; the two dis-

coidal impressions and those near the scutellum not very

large and rather shallow, the impression within the pos-

terior angle is very slight and ill-defined ; the base is very

little smuate on each side, the mesial lobe broad and very

little prominent, slightly emarginate. LElytra rather con-

vex, thickly, strongly and irregularly punctured, the inter-

spaces thickly and very finely (but distinctly) punctured.

The antenne, tibiz and tarsi are (as usual) rather more

brown than the rest of the insect. The elytra present

numerous elongate impressions in different directions,

which give them a pleated appearance. This seems to

be natural, but having only a single example it may

possibly be accidental.

fab.—Siam. Brit. Mus.

C. longicornis, sp. nov.

Valde elongata, subdepressa, fusca, brevissime flavo-

griseo-pubescens; antennis corpore vix brevioribus;

thorace antice rotundato, ad medium lvissime sinuato,

confertim subtiliter punctato, impressionibus quatuor

notato; elytris elongatis parallelis apice angustatis, crebre

irregulariter minus fortiter punctatis, interstitiis subtiliter

obsolete punctulatis.

Long. 7} lin.; lat. 2 lin.

Distinct from all the preceding by its very elongate

386 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of

rather depressed form, and by the length of the antennz

‘which are as long as the thorax and elytra together.

The punctuation of the elytra is strong but the punctures

are not very large; the punctuation of the intervals is

very fine and difficult to see. There are no distinct

coste.

Hab.— Andaman Is. (R. Meldola, Esq.).

C. femorata, sp. nov.

Elongata, robusta, convexa, nitida, fusca, breviter ferru-

gineo-pubescens ; antennis ferrugineis; thorace antice

arcuatim angustato, creberrime evidenter punctato, im-

pressionibus quatuor haud profundis notato; elytris con-

vexis, subparallelis apice arcuatim attenuatis, piceis,

creberrime fortiter rugoso-punctatis, interstitiis fere levi-

bus, costis quatuor parum elevatis; femoribus quatuor

posticis subtus dense flavo-tomentosis.

Long. 8 lin.; lat. 2% lin.

A convex, robust species with coarsely sculptured

elytra; at once distinguished from all the foregoing by

having a patch of pale pubescence on the underside of the

four posterior femora. Antenne six-sevenths the length

of the elytra, the basal joint unusually slender. The

thorax is nearly twice as broad as long, much narrowed

and rounded in front, broadest immediately before the

posterior angles; the punctuation is rather strong, very

close and distinct ; there is a broad shallow impression in

the middle in front and another next the scutellum, united

by an ill-defined longitudinal channel ; there is also a well-

marked rather large impression within each posterior

angle. The punctures on the elytra are very deep and

close (not quite confluent), the interspaces very shining

(only presenting a few fine punctures).

Hab.—Samoa Is. (Rev. 8. J. Whitmee). Brit. Mus.

C. leta, sp. nov.

Elongata, angusta, flavo-rufa, subopaca rufo-pubescens;

antennis et femorum tibiarumque apicibus nigrescentibus;

capite confertim fortiter punctato, inter antennas impresso;

thorace antice arcuatim angustato, convexo, confertim for-

titer punctato; scutello fere levi, basi constricto; elytris

creberrime fortiter multi-seriatim punctatis, interstitiis

new species of the Coleopterous genus Callirrhipis. 387

angustis, sub-interruptis, levibus; corpore subtus tenue

flavo-pubescenti.

Long. 5% lin.; lat. 14 lin.

General appearance of Campylus linearis, reddish-yel-

low. Head thickly and roughly punctured, with a trans-

verse impression between the eyes, the deflexed portion in

front of the antennee forming an obtuse angle with the

upper surface. Antenne very dark ferruginous. Thorax

broadest at the posterior angles, rather narrowed anteriorly,

bluntly rounded in front, with a lightly-impressed mesial

line, deeper and broader near the scutellum, and on each

side of the disk a not very distinct oblong fovea, there is

an indication of an impression within each posterior angle.

Scutellum nearly smooth, strongly constricted at the base,

spade-shaped. Elytra long and narrow, nearly parallel,

each with about nine lines of strong transverse punctures,

the interstices narrow, rather irregularly costiform, shining.

The apices of the femora and tibiz are blackish; the ex-

treme base of the thorax and the extreme base of the

elytra are narrowly bordered with black.

Hab.—Sylhet (J. C. Bowring, Esq. ). Brit. Mus.

C. lineata, sp. nov.

Rufo-picea, nitida; thorace, elytrorum sutura et costis,

corporeque subtus albido-pubescentibus; thorace sat crebre

evidenter punctato; elytris crebre sat fortiter lineato-

punctatis.

Long. 5 lin.; lat. 13 lin.

Head gently convex, not very thickly but very dis-

tinctly punctured, with a small smooth spot on the fore-

head, rather deeply impressed between the antenna.

Thorax one-third broader than long, very little narrowed

anteriorly, bluntly rounded in front, broadest at the pos-

terior angles, the punctuation is very distinct but not very

strong, the usual discoidal and basal impressions are lightly

marked, there is no impression within the posterior angles

which are scarcely less than right angles. The elytra are

convex, the punctuation is strong and forms lines, the su-

ture, a short scutellar costa and the first dorsal costa are

clothed with whitish pubescence.

Hab.—Borneo. Brit. Mus.

388 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of

Of the following Species only the females are known to me.

C. costata, sp. nov.

Elongata, crassa, nigro-fusca, calva; thorace nitido, sat

erebre subtiliter punctulato, intra angulos posticos im-

presso, disco utrinque fossé rotundata; elytris quadri-

costatis, subopacis, subtiliter coriaceis, sat crebre punctu-

latis; abdomine creberrime subtilissime punctulato.

~ Long. 14 lin.; lat. 5 lin.

_ Antenne as long as head and thorax together, ferru-

gineous except the basal joint. Thorax very convex and

shining, distinctly swollen before the posterior angles

(which are nearly right angles), the surface finely and not

very thickly punctured; on each side of the disk is a

rather deep round fossa, and in front of each (near the

anterior angles) is an indication of another; the usual two

impressions near the scutellum are rather large but slightly

indicated, the impression within the posterior angles is

rather deep. The scutellum is slightly cordiform, nearly

smooth. LElytra somewhat opaque, finely coriaceous and

rather thickly punctured, but the punctures are very small

and irregular, the costs are moderately raised and shining,

the space between the first and second slightly concave.

Hab.—F¥iji Is.? (Macgillivray). Brit. Mus.

C. gausapata, sp. nov.

Elongata, robusta, convexa, nitidula, obscure picea,

calva; thorace nigro nitido, antice arcuatim angustato,

convexo, crebre subtiliter punctato, disco utrinque puncto

impresso, angulis posticis acutis supra haud impressis;

elytris convexis, crebre irregulariter sat fortiter punctatis,

interstitiis creberrime subtiliter punctatis, costis fere nul-

lis; abdomine creberrime evidenter punctulato.

Long. 123 lin.; lat. 4 lin.

Head very thickly, coarsely and rugosely punctured,

with no longitudinal impression behind, deeply impressed

above between the antenne, the deflexed portion in front

deeply longitudinally impressed (narrower above than

below), so that there is a well-marked ridge over the base

of each antenna; antenne dull rusty, as long as head and

thorax together. ‘Thorax convex, broadest at. the pos-

terior angles, narrowed and rounded in front, regularly

arcuate at the ae rather thickly and finely (but dis-

new species of the Coleopterous genus Callirrhipis. 389

tinctly) punctured; disk with a small round punctiform

impression on each side; base with two very slight im-

pressions near the scutellum, with no impression within

the posterior angles, which are consequently convex above.

Scutellum extremely finely and thickly punctulate, lightly

impressed on each side at the base. LElytra thickly and

rather strongly punctured, the punctures star-like, occa-

sionally connected, the interspaces very thickly and finely

but distinctly punctured; the coste scarcely noticeable.

Abdomen very thickly and distinctly punctured.

Hab.—Burmah (J. C. Bowring, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

C. residua, sp. nov.

Conyexa, nitida, calva, picea; thorace brevi parum

convexo, crebre sat fortiter punctato, disco utrinque fossa

parum profunda notato, basi juxta scutellum fossis duabus

impressa; elytris crebre irregulariter sat fortiter punctatis,

interstitiis levibus ; abdomine minus crebre tenue punc-

tulato.

Long. 103 lin.; lat. 34 lin.

Head thickly and strongly punctured, less closely on

the forehead, which is longitudinally impressed, the fore

part bi-impressed between the antennz, the deflexed

portion in front of the antennz a little broader than long,

nearly straight above, not longitudinally impressed.

Thorax short, only convex in front, a little narrowed an-

teriorly, bluntly rounded in front, broadest at the posterior

angles, thickly and moderately strongly punctured, the

punctures smaller near the base ; on each side of the disk

is a rather deep ill-defined fossa and two similar ones near

the scutellum, there is also a shallow impression within

each posterior angle which is a little less than a right

angle. LElytra rather thickly and strongly punctured, the

interspaces smooth; the four usual coste are scarcely

visible. The punctuation of the abdomen is moderately

thick and very delicate.

Hab.—Java. Brit. Mus.

C. suturalis, sp. nov.

Elongata, parum convexa, picea, calva; thorace brevi,

- D >) z >] b) b 4

leviter convexo, antice rotundato, sat crebre evidenter

. Z . > Z A . .

punctulato, disco utrinque fossa rotundata, basi intra

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.

PART IV. (DEC.) EE

390 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of

angulos posticos late impress& et juxta scutellum fossis

duabus; elytris piceis (sutura marginibusque fuscis), sat

crebre distincte punctatis, costis fere nullis.

Long. 7—8 lin.

Elongate-elliptical, reddish-pitchy, with the suture and

margins of the elytra fuscous. Antenne as long as head ”

and thorax together. Head rather thickly and not very

strongly punctured, distmctly impressed on each side close

to the eyes and deeply between the antenne; there is an

elongate fovea on the forehead; the deflexed portion forms

an obtuse angle with the upper portion (7.e., it is not so

suddenly deflexed as usual), it is rather small, broader

than long, and has a slight transversely-impressed line.

Thorax a little narrowed and rounded in front, gently con-

vex, rather thickly and finely (but distinctly) punctured,

the usual discoidal impressions and the pair next the scu-

tellum are distinct in one example and rather obsolete in

the second ; the impression within the posterior angles is

wide but indistinct; the posterior angles are a little less

than right angles. Scutellum extremely delicately punc-

tured. Elytra rather thickly and very distinctly (but not

very strongly) punctured [the larger specimen has the

elytra more strongly punctured |, the interspaces smooth ;

the coste are very indistinct.

Hab.—Penang (J. C. Bowring, Esq. ). Brit. Mus.

C. cribrata, sp. nov.

Piceo-castanea, calva, nitida; capite convexo, inter

antennas vix impresso, crebre sat fortiter punctato ;

thorace antice angustato, basi perparum ampliato, con-

vexo, crebre sat fortiter punctato, medio antice posticeque

leviter impresso, disco utrinque foveolaé notato; elytris

crebre fortissime lineato-punctatis, punctis transversis,

interstitiis lsevibus subcostiformibus ; ; abdomine crebre

subtiliter punctulato.

Long. 7 lin.; lat. 2 lin.

Thorax narrowed in front, a little swollen at the pos-

terior angles (which are nearly right angles), the greatest

width being a little before the angles; the punctuation is

not very strong but very distinct, rather close; there is a

slight longitudinal mesial impression in front, the usual

pair at the base (not very distinct), and the usual small

fossa on each side of the disk; there is no distinct impres-

sion within the posterior angles. Scutellum almost im-

new species of the Coleopterous genus Callirrhipis. 391

punctate. Elytra very strongly punctured, the punctures

deep and transverse (each formed of two confluent punc-

tures), and are in lines, the intervals shining and smooth,

the three near the suture almost costiform.

Hab.—Borneo, Sarawak. Brit. Mus.

C. cyaneicollis, sp. nov.

Elongata, nigro-cyanea; thorace cyaneo, antice angus-

tato, sat crebre distincte punctulato, medio longitudinaliter

impresso, disco utrinque foveola notato; scutello transverso,

subtiliter punctulato; elytris convexis, purpureo-cyaneis

per fortiter reticulato-punctatis, interstitiis levibus, costis

quatuor sat elevatis nitidis vix parce punctulatis; corpore

subtus brevissime griseo-pubescenti.

Long. 9 lin.; lat. 23 lin.

Head very coarsely and rugosely punctured. Antenne

as long as the head and thorax together. Thorax one-

fourth broader than long, regularly narrow anteriorly

from the posterior angles which are acute, not very

thickly nor strongly punctured, the sides straight, the

anterior margin arched, incrassated; there is a lightly

impressed mesial line, on each side of the base of which

are the two usual shallow impressions near the scutellum ;

on each side of the disk there is a small round fovea.

Scutellum twice as broad as long, a little narrower at the

base, rounded at the angles, truncate at the apex. Elytra

gradually (but not much) enlarged to near the apex, and

then narrowed again, very strongly and thickly punctured,

the punctures with a small puncture in the middle of

each, the intervals forming a sort of irregular network ;

each elytron has four distinct coste, which are shining

and with very few fine punctures. The underside of the

insect is dull, very finely and closely punctured.

Hab.—India (J. C. Bowring, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

C. reticulata, sp. nov.

Nigra, subnitida; thorace crebre fortiter punctato, medio

longitudinaliter impresso; scutello rotundato; elytris crebre

fortiter punctatis, singulis costis quatuor nitidis a carinis

transversis hic et illic conjunctis; corpore subtus creberrime

subtiliter punctulato, brevissime pubescenti.

Long. 74 lin. ; lat. 24 lin.

Head thickly and rugosely punctured ; antennz a little

EE2

392 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of

longer than the head and thorax together; palpi pale

pitchy. Thorax one-third broader than long, rather nar-

rowed in front, very thickly and coarsely punctured, with

a well-marked mesial impressed line, and two distinct

oblong impressions near the scutellum; anterior margin

arched, slightly bordered; the posterior angles acute; the

sides a little rounded in front. Surface of the elytra very

uneven, deeply and rather thickly punctured, the intervals

between the punctures shining and raised; each elytron

has four rather irregular coste, which are united at

irregular intervals by transverse coste.

Hab.—India (Bombay ?). Brit. Mus.

II. SoutH AMERICAN SPECIES.

C. inconspicua, sp. nov.

Elongata, subdepressa, fusca, tenue pubescens ; antennis

(articulo basali excepto), corpore subtus, tarsisque rufo-

ferrugineis; capite sat crebre evidenter punctato; thorace

longitudine } latiori, antice convexo, rotundato, postice

ampliato, creberrime fortiter punctato, linea mediana dis-

tincte impress’ haud basin attingenti, postice utrinque

fortiter oblique impresso; elytris crebre evidenter punc-

tatis, costis nitidis sat elevatis. ¢.

Long. 74 lin.; lat. 23 lin.

Head with rather strong punctures, not very close

together. Thorax considerably narrowed in front, en-

larged at the posterior angles (which are nearly right

angles), very closely and rather rugosely punctured im

front, more finely behind; there is a well-marked mesial

line (which does not extend to the base), there is a rather

deep wide fovea on each side of the disk, which being.

united with the usual impression within the posterior

angle forms a well-marked oblique impression on each

side, there is also an impression near the scutellum. The

elytra are a little less dark than the head and thorax,

rather closely and very distinctly punctured; each elytron

has three distinct costee.

Hab.—Braazil. Brit. Mus.

C. simplex, sp. nov.

Elongata, convexiuscula, sat parallela, fusca, tenue pu-

bescens; antennis (art? primo excepto), corpore subtus

tarsisque rufo-ferrugineis; capite convexo, crebre distincte

new species of the Coleopterous genus Callirrhipis. 393

punctato ; thorace postice longitudine vix latiori, convexo,

antice parum angustiori, erebre sat fortiter punctato, ante

medium linea mediana& impresso ; elytris crebre sat fortiter

punctatis, costis sat elevatis. 3.

Long. 7 lin.; lat. 24 lin.

Rather a convex cylindrical species, with the thorax not

much enlarged behind. Head rather convex, with a short

impressed line on the vertex and a transverse deep fovea

just before the base of the antennz; the punctures are

rather strong, very close but not crowded. Thorax gradu-

ally and not much narrowed in front (not suddenly en-

larged at the posterior angles), convex, very thickly and

rather strongly punctured; there is a short impressed line

in front, and a shallow round impression near the scutel-

lum, the space within posterior angle shallowly excavated.

Elytra very distinctly and rather closely punctured, the

punctures rather unequal in size; each elytron with four

moderately distinct cost, the lateral one not extending to

the shoulder.

Hab.—Rio. Brit. Mus.

C. Laportei, Hope, var.

Testaceo-rufa, sub-opaca, tenue pubescens; antennis,

thoracis macula discoidali, tibiis tarsisque nigris ; capite

crebre rugoso-punctato ; thorace antice parum angustato,

crebre rugoso-punctato, disco utrinque foveola notato;

elytris crebre fortiter punctatis, costis nitidis elevatis. ¢.

Long. 6 lin.; lat. 14 lin.

Head and thorax densely, rather finely and rugosely

punctured, the former with a small black spot on the ver-

tex, the thorax with a black spot in the middle. Thorax

eradually and not very much narrowed in front, the front

margin arched; the discoidal foveze are not very distinct.

Elytra very thickly and strongly punctured; each elytron

with four distinct shining cost, the third extending a

little beyond the middle, the fourth obliterated near the

shoulder.

Hab.—Nicaragua. Brit. Mus.

I have determined the above to be a variety of C. La-

portet, Hope (T. E. S. iv. p. 181); but besides the dif-

ferent coloration of the elytra it has the basal joint of the

antenne black, which inclines me to think that it may

prove to be a distinct species.

( 395 )

XXYV. Descriptions of a new genus and two new species

of Sphingidee, with general remarks on the

family. By Arruur G. Burier, F.L.S.,

F.Z.S., &c.

[Read 7th November, 1877. ]

Mr. Kirsy having kindly placed in my hands for

description a beautiful new genus of the sub-family

Macroglossine, 1 take this opportunity of more fully

characterizing my genus Himantoides, and also of answer-

ing some of the remarks which Mr. Kirby has made

respecting my revision of the Sphingide.

Himantorpes, Butler. (Pl. IX. fig. 1.)

Allied to Perigonia, but the wings much shorter and

_ broader, the secondaries more rounded, scarcely perceptibly

excavated above the anal angle, not sinuated; eyes less

prominent though quite as large; antennz considerably

longer (so that if thrown back they would reach to the

middle of the abdomen), of the male thicker, of both sexes

with the terminal hook of nearly twice the length. Type,

Himantoides undata, W1\k.

The example described by Walker consists of the head,

with one antenna, the thorax and the primaries of a female

example; a second specimen (a male), was presented to

the collection towards the end of the year 1876 by

Mr. F. B. Sturridge; it differs from the female in the

absence of all the blackish bands and lines, excepting one

which tapers from near the apex to the second median

branch, forming a partial boundary to the outer border ;

the secondaries are deep orange with a large triangular

interno-basal spot and a broad almost marginal band of

chocolate-brown ; the abdomen seems to have the general

coloration of the thorax, but the specimen is rubbed:

expanse, | inch 9 lines.

Hab.— Jamaica. Type, B. M.

Mr. Kirby quotes one or two instances in which I have

missed Boisduval’s recent species. I am not surprised

because the book arrived in England after my paper was

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.)

396 Mr. A. G. Butler’s descriptions of

completed, and I was compelled to add the species at once

in an Appendix; in hastily copying down such names as

Sphinx jasmint and Sphinx jasminearum in juxtaposition

one is very likely to write both names alike, and subse-

quently when going through the press the duplicate name

would naturally be erased.

I cannot quite comprehend Mr. Kirby’s meaning with

regard to the synonymy of Calliomma pluto ; unless it be

that the species described by Fabricius is not the insect

figured by Cramer, but the Oreus thorates of Hiibner,

which appears from the description in the Genera Insecto-

rum, to be the true state of the case. Mr. Kirby says, on

the authority of specimens of Acosmeryx Mishini in Herr

Maassen’s Collection, that nyo cinnamomea of Herrich-

Schiffer is probably an over-coloured figure of this species

and should take priority. Whilst giving Mr. Kirby

eredit for referring Herrich-Schiiffer’s species to its true

genus, I much regret that he relies upon the authority of

Herr Maassen, who, although he has favorred me with a

letter in which he informs me that I am “an ass,” is, I

think, on that account, none the better qualified to deter-

mine the allied species of Lepidoptera. A. Miskini is not

only half as large again in both sexes as A. cinnamomea,

but has an entirely different pattern on the wings, and is

the dullest of all the species of the genus; the wings are

also much broader and less produced. Jf Herrich-Schiif-

fer’s figure were intended for Murray’s species, I would

simply ignore it, as being below the average of the Ento-

mological drawings used to paper toys and boxes of sweets;

but, knowing how excellent the other illustrations of this

author are, I have not a shadow of a doubt that the species

represented is abundantly distinct.

I can say nothing respecting the A. daulis of Boisduval

as I have not seen the type.

OTUS VERSICOLOR, Harris.

The name Otus being preoccupied, Mr. Grote proposes

to adopt Boisduval’s generic name Everyz.

The names in Delegorgue’s Voyage being, with one

exception, unaccompanied by description, can take no

precedence over Walker’s.

Cherocampa butus, H.-S., is allied to C. lucasi and

perfectly distinct from my C. punctivenata.

Mr. Kirby gives Sphinx porcus, Retz.,as a synonym of

a new genus and two new species of Sphingide. 397

C. elpenor ; should not Oreus porcus, Hiibn., therefore,

take another name? I am very glad to see that M‘Leay’s

species are at last identified; I could make nothing of the

descriptions myself, but shall be glad to adopt Mr. ‘Kirby’ s

determination, and thus lay them on the shelf, though I

cannot guess how he made them out.

Pachylia lyncea is hardly likely to be identical with the

species which I have diagnosed from Haiti; still, as Mr.

Ksirby says, it may be.

The drawing of P. Kadeni, Schauf., which Mr. Kirby

kindly sent me for examination (and of which I took a

copy), is, I should say, identical with Cramer’s P. ache-

menides, and probably with Walker’s Oryba robusta; in

my Revision I adopted Hiibner’s name, Clanis, for P.

achemenides, but if this species be the same as or con-

generic with Oryba robusta, the genus Basiana of Walker

must necessarily fall before Clanis (not because Hiibner’s

two first species of Clanis are referable to Walker’s genus

_ Basiana, but because Oryba was first characterized).

At page 239 Mr. Kirby says, ‘‘ The following five

Sphinges are not noticed by Butler ;” he then enumerates,

first, S. pagana, Fabricius, and says, “ The type should be

in the Banksian Collection.” I must call his attention to

page 596 of my Revision, where this species is quoted in

full as a synonym of Basiana phalaris, and the following

statement occurs with it:—“ The type of S. pagana of

Fabricius is in the Banksian Collection in the British

Museum.”

The second species, S. jasmini of Boisduval, was

doubtless wrongly copied in my list of that author’s

species, and subsequently erased, as already explained.

The third species, Sphinx orneus of Westwood, is, I

admit, a careless oversight; it appears to be referable to

Bveryr.

Sphinx sanguinosa of Martyn, the fourth species, is a

true Zygenid (referable to Empyreuma lychas, Fabr.) ;

and the fifth species, Sphinx argentiflora, is a Zygenoid

Arctiid of the genus Charidea.

I now proceed to the description of new forms :—

MACROGLOSSINZ.

HyYPADALEA, noy. gen.

Allied to Lophura, but the wings considerably broader,

in form more nearly like Pachygonia; the abdomen

eradually expanding from its base backwards, abruptly

398 Mr. A. G. Butler’s descriptions of

rounded off behind and terminating in a pencil of stiff

hairs; primaries subtriangular, produced at apical and

external angles, excised below the apex, inner margin

gently excavated from the external angle to the- middle,

and less markedly from the middle to the base; costal vein

terminating a short distance beyond the cell, subcostal

emitting two branches before the end of the cell, third

branch emitted from the end of the cell and forked, the

upper furcation running (close to the second subcostal

branch) to apex, upper radial emitted from the base of the

third subcostal branch; discocellulars oblique, slightly

convex; secondaries with very convex (almost angular)

costal margin, outer margin straight, meeting the abdo-

minal margin at an angle rather greater than a right

angle; costal vein running from the base to near the apex

at a great distance from the costal margin, subcostal vein

running close to the costal but continued to apex, forking

just beyond the cell, the latter short, discocellulars convex,

angular; second and third median branches emitted rather

near together; palpi thick, hairy, abruptly truncated, the

terminal joint extremely short; eyes metallic. Type,

HI, insignis.

Hypedalea insignis, n. sp. (PI. IX. figs. 3, 3a, 30.)

Alz antice supra rufo-fusce, nigro, rufo et testaceo

marmorate et striate; plaga distincta ovali interna, albo

partim marginata; posticee fuligimose, area basali albi-

cante, plaga apud apicem albida antice rufescente; thorax

rufescens tegulis lateraliter rufis; abdomen ochreum, seg-

mentis tribus analibus et cristula media basali, nigris;

alze subtus purpureo-fuscze ad basin crocez; antics costa

apicali ochrea, area subcostali apicali pruinosa; area in-

terna albida; posticz tertia parte basali crocea; corpus

subtus croceum, pectore postice albicante, ventre lateraliter

fusco notato ; oculis zneis: exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 6.

Hab.—Sierra Leone.

Type in Coll. Royal Dublin Soc.

One of the most singular of the Sphingide, exhibiting

affinities to Lophura, Pachygonia, Rhodosoma and

Sataspes.

CHEROCAMPINA.

Cherocampa Walduchii, n. sp. (Pl. IX. fig. 2.)

Coloribus et aspectu C. ducasii, alis autem multo

latioribus; anticis magis griseis, strus obliquis minus

a new genus and two new species of Sphingide. 399

distinctis, puncto nullo discocellulari ; posticis pallidioribus

magis griseis, margine toto externo pallide roseo-fusco

apud angulum analem late intus diffuso; capite tegulisque

magisolivaceis ; abdomine roseo-fusco paululum lutescente,

lateraliter pallidiore, haud albido; lineis nullis obscuri-

oribus (velut in C. lucasii); alis subtus non distincte

notatis, coloribus autem C. lucasii; pectore paululum

fuscescente, ventre roseo-tincto : exp. alar. une. 3, lin. 4.

Australia (Du Boulay). Type, B. M.

This species comes nearest to the Javan form which I

considered, in my Revision, to be the C. cyrene of

Westwood; Mr. Moore has, however, shown me that the

latter is closely allied to if not a variety of C. clotho; the

C. rhesus of Boisduval from the Philippines seems to me

to be the same as the species from Java, the latter may

therefore provisionally bear that name. From C. rhesus

of Java, then, my new species may be distinguished by its

ereatly superior size, deeper coloration, the absence of a

dorsal abdominal line or the black dot at the end of the

cell of primaries, the redder and more blurred pale border

of the secondaries, and the redder and less distinctly marked

under-surface.

The type of this species has recently been presented to

the Collection by H. Walduck, Esq., to whom it was

given in Queensland by Mr. Du Boulay. It was probably

captured in Western Australia.

eh iiee ass ait

; eR ee Btlne) ‘A cial Hid ne ;

Dies PY ii m

- Sacinh = oT) une

M ok aed "

“

oa ae LOR ah vale ra

(C401)

XX VI.—Descriptions of new species of Cleridx, with

notes on the genera and corrections of syno-

nymy. By the Rev. H. 8. Gornam.

(Continued from p. 263.)

[Read November 7th, 1877. ]

List oF New SPECIES.

Tenerus Parryanus.

5 slamensis.

+ cruentatus.

a ceramensis.

» javanus.

» flavicollis.

» cyaneus.

» chalybeeus.

ep doreyanus.

p andamanensis.

» tfuscipennis.

oe discolor.

» Mmindanaonicus.

op difficilis.

>» incertus.

»» persimilis.

» apicalis.

of melanurus.

Ichnea funesta.

» subfasciata.

» Iitella.

» disjuncta,

> mimica.

» JBatesiana.

Ichnea, var.? peloniodes.

» plumbea.

» incerta.

» tfumigata.

» obscura.

»» impressocollis.

» Fryana.

» Vitticollis,

nitida.

”?

Pyticera flavicollis.

op coronata.

Pelonium optabile.

op ruficolle.

D semirufum.

op Badeni.

- difforme.

on bipunctatum.

micans.

F irroratum.

e ridens.

; pictipenne.

& confluens.

maculosum.

”

Pelonium ? extraneum.

V.—ENOPLIIDES.

SYNOPSIS OF GENERA.

A. Tarsi with four joints visible above.

a. Antenne nine-jointed a oe «+ Apolopha.

aa. Antenne eleyen-jointed.

b. Antenne, joints 3 or 4 to 11, serrate.

Legs straight te aid ac -. Tenerus.

Legs bent .. +. ve oe -» Prionophorus.

bb. Antenne, joints 9, 10, 11, large.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.)

402 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s descriptions of

A. Tarsi with four joints visible above—continued.

c. Antenne, joints 3—8 reduced, transverse,

indistinct.

Palpi obconic, or but little hatchet-shaped.. JZchnea.

Palpi hatchet-shaped, elytra widened behind Platynoptera.

Elytra ovate .. 50 56 00 -- Pyticera.

Chariessa.

cc. Antennz with joints 3—8 obconic .. oe Aes

Phymatophea.

AA. Tarsi with three joints only visible above.

Palpi obconic .. ete 20 50 e- Orthopleura.

Palpi hatchet-shaped .. 00 o0 e- LHnoplium.

TENERUS, Castelnau.

Type, ZT. preustus, Cast.

A very natural genus, and widely distributed in the

Old World tropics. The great majority of the species

yet known are from the Malay Isles.

M. Chevrolat’s remark Mem. 1876, p. 37, note] on the

supposed synonymy of Stenocylidrus, Spin., with this

genus is based on some error, the type of ae former

being Xylobius azureus, Klug.

Tenerus Parryanus, 0. sp.

Ruber, supra dense pubescens, corpore toto subtus, pro-

thoracis lateribus, antennis, pedibusque nigris, elytris

quadri-costatis, costis ante apicem desinentibus.

Long. 7% lin.

Nearly allied to ZT. cingalensis, White, from which it

differs in having the elytra without any apical spot, the |

sides of the thorax and the underside (including that of

the head) black, the crown only is darker; the pronotum

has the centre with a keel, and two longitudinal sulci, the

central portion between them appearing darker, especially

at the base, but this is due to the pubescence there reflect-

ing the light less. The whole of the upper surface of a

rich brick-red.

Hab.—Indian Archipelago; coll. Parry, who oblig-

ingly lent the specimen to me with other Cleride, and to

whom I have pleasure in dedicating its description.

Tenerus siamensis, n. sp.

Sanguineo-rufus, tenuissime pubescens, subnitidus, cor-

new species of Cleride. 403

pore toto subtus, prothoracis lateribus, antennis pedibusque

nigris, pronoto basi medio tuberculato, elytris unicostatis,

sutura parum elevata.

Long. 44 lin.

Though allied to the preceding in colour, this species

can hardly be confounded with it, even if much larger

specimens than the type should be found, if the very much

finer and sparser pubescence and single conspicuous costa

of the elytra are noticed. The head is shining, spotless,

mouth, palpi and antennze black, thorax shining, sides

widely black, with a shallow depression each side of the

centre of the disk, and a shining tubercle in the middle of

the base; elytra even, parallel, a single raised costa from

the base to near apex, the second and third cost barely

visible.

Hab.— Siam (Mouhot); coll. Gorham (e Mus.

Saunders).

Tenerus cruentatus, n. sp.

Brevior, sanguineo-rufus, immaculatus, nitidus, pronoto

basi tuberculato, elytris unicostatis sutura vix elevata.

Long. 3 lin.

Allied to T. siamensis, but distinct by the coloration;

the thorax is visibly punctured under a very strong lens,

the elytra impunctate, the costa distinct, but terminating

before the apex.

Hab. — Laos (Mouhot); coll. Gorham (e Mus.

Saunders).

Tenerus ceramensis, i. sp.

Nigro-fuscus, capite ferrugineo, nigro-notato thorace

ferrugineo, disco et margine antico nigris elytris flavo-

ferrugineis limbo externo apiceque indeterminate fuscis

tricostatis.

Long. 6 lin.

Head with the epistoma and crown black, finely punc-

tured, semiopaque ; thorax black in front and down part

of the sides, disk black; elytra plainly three-costate, the

first conspicuous at the base, the third commencing in the

humeral callus, not very distinct but all traceable to near

the apex ; the margin, except at the base, and about one-

third of the elytra at the apex, fuscous.

Hab.—Ceram (Wallace); coll. Gorham.

404 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s descriptions of

Tenerus javanus, n. sp.

Flavo-testaceus, nitidus, pubescens, capite (vertice

summo excepto), antennis (articulo basali et ultimo ex-

ceptis), elytrorum apice tibiis tarsisque nigris.

Long. 24—3 lin.

This species must be very nearly allied to preustus,

Spin., from which it differs in having the head black with

crown only yellow; when retracted into the thorax this

is not visible; the thorax is wholly yellow (but it is

noticeable that the two spots mentioned in the description

of Spin. are not shown in the figure). The antennz are

nearly black, the basal joint in one of two examples being

yellow in the other, fuscous above, and the terminal joint

dirty yellow. The tibiz and tarsi black, the claws only

being testaceous. ‘The thorax and elytra are even, the

former with scattered distinct punctures.

Hab.—Java (Raftray). ‘Two specimens received while

this paper was being written.

Tenerus flavicollis, n. sp.

Cyaneus, prothorace (margine antice excepto) flavo,

elytris confertim subtiliter punctatis unicostatis, costa post

medium haud distincté, antennis nigris.

Long. 54 lin.

Head thickly and distinctly punctured, deep blue mouth,

and palpi testaceous. ‘Thorax yellow, except in front of

the anterior impressed transverse line, where it is blue-

black, deeply but less thickly punctured. LElytra deep

steel-blue, very thickly and finely punctured, subopaque,

the suture a little raised; one raised line distinct at the

base, but barely to be traced beyond the middle. Breast,

abdomen and legs blue; antennze black, opaque.

Hab.— Laos (Mouhot); coll. Gorham (e Mus.

Saunders).

Obs.—F rom T. cyanopterus, Spin., easily separated by

the colour of the body beneath and legs.

Tenerus cyaneus, n. sp.

Cyaneus, nitidus, ore, palpis, pectore, abdomine pedi-

busque flavis, antennis nigris, articulis tribus basalibus

testacels.

Long. 4 lin.

Head and thorax sparsely and not deeply punctured,

new species of Cleride. 405

shining, almost glabrous; elytra more thickly and deeply

punctured, especially at the base, not costate, but with the

basal half of the suture somewhat flatly depressed. Mouth,

palpi and three basal joints of antennz yellow; mandibles

pitchy; abdomen, breast and legs wholly testaceous.

Hab.—Waos (Mouhot); coll. Gorham (e Mus. Saun-

ders).

Tenerus chalybeus, n. sp.

Cyaneus, nitidus, palpis tantum piceo-testaceis, pube

erecta vestitus, capite thoraceque obsoletissime, elytris

creberrime subtiliter punctatis, antennis nigris.

Long. 34 ln.

This species is more pubescent than either of the pre-

ceding blue species; the elytra exhibit no trace of coste,

and are more thickly punctured than in Cyaneus.

A specimen in Major Parry’s collection has the head

with a minute yellow spot in front.

Hab.—Singapore (Wallace) ; coll. Gorham and Parry.

Tenerus doreyanus, 0. sp.

Niger, capite thoraceque nitidis, antennis flavis, articu-

lis tribus basalibus totis, sequentibus externe fuscis, elytris

aurantiacis apice late nigris, pube brevi flavo vestitis.

Long. 32 lin.

Head obsoletely but visibly punctured; thorax finely

punctured in front; disc uneven, shining, a deep trans-

verse impression in front of the middle, and the centre of

the base raised in a tubercular manner. LElytra of a fine

orange-red for two-thirds or rather more of their length,

the apical third velvety black, clothed with a fine thick

pile of the same colour as the respective parts of the

elytra; impunctate, even; legs black; antennz testaceous;

three basal, and the following two or three joints externally

fuscous.

Hab.—New Guinea, Dorey (Wallace) ; coll. Gorham.

Tenerus andamanensis, n. sp.

Ferrugineus, breviter pubescens, antennis, elytris tar-

sisque nigro-fuscis, elytris obscure tricostatis.

Long. 3—6 lin.

Head rusty-red, spotless, very finely punctured, sub-

pubescent, shining. ‘Thorax rather longer than wide, a

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.) FF

406 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s descriptions of

little narrowed in front; the usual transverse impression

in front is shallow, very finely and obsoletely punctured,

shining, red. Elytra dull leaden-black; in larger ex-

amples (females ?) the margin at the base and the suture

are very narrowly red; the punctuation is exceedingly

close and fine, the cost only visible in rather rubbed

examples; body beneath, scutellum and legs rusty-red,

tarsi sometimes fuscous ; antennz black, basal jomt some-

times fuscous.

Hab.—Andaman Isles ; coll. Gorham and G. Lewis.

Tenerus fuscipennis, n. sp.

Ferrugineus, breviter pubescens, capite thoraceque ni-

gro-notatis, antennis basi excepto tarsisque nigro-fuscis,

elytris fuscis vel nigro-fuscis obsolete bicostatis.

Long. 3—5 ln.

Very nearly allied to the preceding, of which perhaps it

is only a local variety, the distinctions which exist being

in themselves variable. ‘The head has a black spot on the

crown, and the thorax one usually on the front margin

contiguous, so that when the insect is set straight they

appear to be one; but the thoracic spot sometimes does

not touch the front margin, and is occasionally wanting.

The antennz have always two or three joints red at the

base. The elytra are fuscous, or fuscous-black, clothed

with grey or yellow pubescence, the first costa sufficiently

visible at the base, the second visible in larger examples

only. ‘Tarsi usually darker than in andamanensis, but

variable.

Hab.—Ceram ; Amboina (Wallace); coll. Gorham ;

Cambodia, Parry.

Tenerus discolor, n. sp.

Flavo-testaceus, capite nigro-notato (interdum fere toto

nigro) thorace lateribus et disco plus minusve nigricanti-

bus, nunc linea median& nune macula antice tantum notato,

elytris nigro-fuscis interdum (feminz ?) basi testaceis,

carinula juxta scutellum instructis; pedibus nigro-fuscis,

femoribus basi testaceis; antennis nigris.

Long. 23—4 lin.

A very variable species, but to be separated from the

two preceding by its average smaller size, totally black

antennz and legs (excepting the base of the femora), and

by the usually much larger extent of black on the head

new species of Cleride. 407

and thorax, the marks on the latter vary from a spot on

the front margin only to a broad central vitta, with the

whole front margin and sides black. The scutellum is of

the same colour as the base of the elytra, z.e. in those

specimens with yellow base it is red, in others dark.

The elytra are subpubescent and dull, the first costa

represented only by a keel at the base. In darker

examples the body beneath is fuscous, in lighter ones

yellow.

Hab.—Ceram, Batchian, Kaioa (Wallace); coll.

Gorham; Cambodia, Parry ; Batchian, Fry ; Common.

Obs.—Variable as this species is, I have no doubt care-

ful search and attention to habits, in the district in which

it occurs, will tend to multiply rather than throw into one

the number of closely-allied species. ‘The Teneri appear

to vary very much as Telephori do in Europe, some

species having the elytra sometimes testaceous and some-

times fuscous, with intermediate varieties, while others are

constantly of one colour. The spots on the head seem

very constant, as it is, for example, in our Telephorus

lividus, which, nevertheless, has both black and yellow

elytra.

Tenerus mindanaonicus, ni. sp.

T. andamanensi affinis; ferrugineus, capite supra, an-

tennis, thoracis, margine antico, elytris, pedibus (femoribus

basi exceptis), abdominisque apice nigro-fuscis elytris

unicostatis.

Long. 4 lin.

Head hlack above, mouth, palpi and underside red, but

little, shining, finely punctured; antenne entirely dull

black. Thorax rusty-red, obsoletely but visibly punctured,

the middle portion of the anterior margin black, the base

tuberculate before the scutellum, which is dark. LElytra

fuscous-black, with a fine yellowish pubescence; a single

costa terminating about a third of their length from the

apex, and the suture moderately raised. Femora and

breast red, clouded at the knees and the latter on the

sides, abdomen with the first three segments yellow and

shining, the remainder black.

Hab.—Mindanao (Semper); coll. Gorham.

Tenerus difficilis, n. sp.

Nigro-fascus, capite thoraceque flavis, hac margine

FR2

408 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s descriptions of

antico, illo occipite nigro, elytris nigro-violaceis, pedibus

nigris, genubus tibiisque posticis flavis.

Long. 33—4 lin.

Head yellow, crown with a round black spot, thorax

yellow, shining, the anterior margin (and in the ¢ ?), the

sides and two ‘spots on the base black, of equal width with

the elytra, finely punctured, anterior impression shallow.

Elytra cylindrical blue-black, very finely and closely

punctured. Legs pitchy, anterior knees and hind tibiz

(except at their apex) testaceous. Antenne black.

Hab.—New Guinea, Dorey (Wallace).

Tenerus incertus, n. sp.

Niger, nitidus, capite, thorace, antennis, pedibusque

testaceis, thoracis margine antico nigro.

Long. 3 lin.

Allied to the preceding, but distinct by the wholly

yellow head, legs and antennz ; the elytra are quite black ;

the thorax tumid at the middle of the base.

Hab.— Aru, Wallace.

Tenerus persimilis, n. sp.

Flavo-ferrugineus, capite thoraceque minute punctatis ;

elytris indistincte unicostatis; subtilissime punctatis, plaga

subapicali, apiceque ipso nigris, antennis nigris articulis

tribus basalibus flavis.

Long. 5 lin.

Mas.— Articulo quinto abdominali medio tuberculato.

Apparently very much like 7. bimaculatus, Lap. The

thorax in the male is tubercularly elevated in the middle

of the base, less so in the female; the elytra with the first

or sutural costa visible as far as the middle, the second

scarcely perceptible ; the subapical plaga commences near

the margin about one-third from the end, and widening

turns inward to near the suture; the apical margin is

somewhat expanded and is black in the female, but very

narrowly so only in the male.

Hab.—New Guinea, Dorey (Wallace); ¢ coll. Parry;

? Gorham and Fry.

Tenerus apicalis, n. sp.

Flavo-testaceus, antennis (articulo primo excepto), ab-

dominis elytrorumque apice late nigris.

Long. 44 lin.

Of the section with elytra black in the apical portion,

new species of Cleride. 409

this may be distinguished by the spotless head and thorax,

the latter sub-tuberculate at the base, the elytra with very

indistinct traces only of coste, and the abdomen with the

first two segments yellow, the second black on the sides.

The extreme apex of the tibiz and the tarsi are blackish.

Hab.—Ceylon (Nietner); coll. Fry.

Tenerus melanurus, 0. sp.

Flavo-testaceus, antennis, thorace maculé magna in

margine antico, postice attenuata, elytrorumque apice

nigris.

Long. 43 lin.

Head and thorax closely and rather distinctly punc-

tured, the latter with a tubercule a little before the middle

of the base, a large black spot commencing on the front

margin, and extending to the tubercule, where it 1s attenu-

ated into a point. Elytra with an abbreviated distinct

costa, and the suture raised at the base, apex neatly and

not widely black, legs entirely pale.

Hab.—Ceylon; coll. Gorham.

Obs.—This is very near to a species in the British

Museum named “ signaticollis,” but it is observable that

Spinola’s description and figure both give two spots on the

anterior margin of the thorax, and that its habitat is

different.

PrionopHorus, Blanchard.

Type, P. bicolor, Blanch.

IcHNEA, Castelnau.

Type, J. lycoides, Cast.

The following is an attempt at a tabular view of the

species of Zchnea described here, with those known to me.

The groups shade into one another, and the analysis here

given cannot be rigidly applied.

I. Palpi cylindric; elytra widened gradually to the apex.

A. Prothorax wider behind than in front, sides more or less

sinuate: — lycoides, Cast. — dimidiatipennis, Spin.—

mexicana, Chev.—religiosa, Chev.—trilineata, Chey.—

funesta, Gorh.—disjuncta, Gorh.—mimica, Gorh.

AA. Prothorax about equal before und behind, but longer than

' wide :—mitella, Gorh.—subfasciata, Gorh.

AAA, Prothorax quadrate or sub-quadrate, sides rounded :—Bate-

siana, Gorh,

410 Rev. H. 8S. Gorham’s descriptions of

II. Palpi cylindric; elytra éblong, scarcely widened posteriorly, sides

rounded.

A. Prothorax longet than wide :—enoplioides, Spin.—divisa,

Chey.—circumcincta, Chev.

AA. Prothorax subquadrate :—plumbea, Gorh.—incerta, Gorh.

III. Palpi cylindric; elytra oblong, sides straight:—fuwmigata, Gorh.—

obscura, Gorh.—impressocollis, Gorh.—Fryana, Gorh.—suturalis,

Klug—vitticollis, Gorh.—nitida, Gorh.

IV. Palpi sub-securiform :—calceata, Chev.

Ichnea funesta, nu. sp.

Atra, subnitida, capite, prothorace (lateribus maculaque

dorsali exceptis), vitta humerali, femorumque basi ferru-

gineis, palpis rufis apice fuscis.

Long.. 4—43 lin.

Black; head red, incision of eyes well defined; antennze

black; thorax with the sides sinuate, anterior margin

narrower than base; the sides are entirely Llack, and also

a triangular patch on the base reaching nearly to the

front, hence above only two sublateral lines and the front

margin are red. Elytra punctate-striate, the striae con-

fused, and punctures confluent before the apex; a vitta

occupying the humeral callus red. Legs black, base of

femora red, the front pair black above.

Hab. __ ream (Ega, Santarem), Bates; coll. Fry

and Gorham.

Ichnea subfasciata, n. sp.

Ater, capite, prothorace vitta sublaterali alteraque in

medio marginis antice, humero et fascia post medium

suturam non attingente, femorum basi, pectoreque testacels.

Long. 4 lin.

Somewhat resembling Jf. funesta, but wider, the thorax

less contracted in front and its sides nearly straight; it is

also differently coloured, having a narrow line on each side

and a vitta on the front margin testaceous; the elytra are

deeply punctate-striate, with a humeral vitta, and a fascia

commencing widely on the margin, but terminating in a

point about the centre of the elytra; the breast is yellow.

Hab.— Amazon (ga), Bates; coll. Fry.

Obs.—This may be the female of funesta, but I am not

able to assert their sex. I have only seen three specimens.

new species of Cleride. 411

Ichnea mitella, n. sp.

Testacea, subopaca, thorace lineis duabus dorsalibus,

basi seepe confluentibus, elytris dimidio basali (humeris

exceptis) apiceque late nigris, antennis et pedibus nigris,

his femoribus basi, illis articulo ultimo ad apicem testaceis.

Long. 44—53 lin.

Var.?—Elytris nigris, vitta humerali, guttaque mar-

ginali pone medium flavis, pectoris lateribus abdomineque

etiam infuscatis.

Allied to lycotdes, and still more nearly to subfasciatus ;

distinguished from the former by the absence of coste on

the elytra and the colouring, and from both by the pale

apex of its antenne. Head yellow; thorax yellow, the

sides narrowly, and two lines on either side of the centre

often joined at the base black, having only a central vitta

on the front margin yellow. LElytra wider at the base

than in lycoides, thickly punctured, the punctures sub-

seriate, black, with a vitta on the shoulder, a fascia, very

variable in width, usually dentate on its basal margin and

extending more or less down the margin and suture to-

wards the apex, of an orange-yellow. Legs black, the

femora yellow, except at the knees, the apical joint of the

tarsi and claws also testaceous. Antenne black, with

apical half of the last joint pale yellow.

The variety appears only to differ in having the central

fascia indicated upon the margin alone, and the black

coluur predominating.

Hab.— Amazon (Bates, by whom many specimens were

collected at Ega, S. Paulo and other places).

Ichnea disjuncta, n. sp.

Testacea, subopaca, thoracis lateribus et macula basali

elytris macula magna basali marginem non attingente,

apiceque nigris, antennis pedibusque etiam nigris his

femorum basi testaceis.

Long. 4—44 lin.

Closely allied to mitella, the head with the eyes nar-

rower, the thorax has the sides more sinuate, the elytra

are more contracted at their base, and have their margins

scarcely expanded; it is also more thickly pubescent, and

the yellow pile of the thorax has a silky appearance

wanting in mitella. The wholly black antennzx will,

however, prevent its being confused with mitella, while

412 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s descriptions of

the absence of raised interstices separate it from /ycoides,

the eyes are even less prominent than in that species. I

do not think it will prove to be the alternate sex of either.

Hab.— Amazon, Ega (Bates); coll. Fry.

Ichnea mimica, n. sp.

Nigra, opaca, capite, thoracis lineis duabus sublaterali-

bus, callo humerali, fascia pone medium, femorumque

basi flavis, elytris postice ampliatis, basi sub-tricostatis

corpore subtus piceo, pectore in medio, et abdominis

segmentorum limbo testaceis.

Long. 54 lin.

This species bears a striking resemblance to Platynop-

tera Goryi, the palpi, however, are not hatchet-shaped.

The thorax has its sides not sinuate, as in that species, but

nearly straight, only subtuberculate in the middle, wider

at the base than in front, the elytra are widened nearly as

in P. Goryi, the punctures deeper, the fascia is inter-

rupted by the suture. The reflexed edge of the elytra is

yellow as far as the fascia, and there is an indistinct short

line of the same colour between the humeral vitta and the

suture, which also has a few yellowish hairs.

Hab.—Amazon, Para (Bates); coll. Fry.

Ichnea Batesiana, n. sp.

Nigra, subopaca, capite subtus, maculaque parva

occipitali, thorace linea mediana, scutello, elytris margine

humerali, fasciaque irregulari in medio, a sutura inter-

rupta, femorumque basi flavis.

Long. 4—5 lin.

A remarkable species, in form resembling a Platynop-

tera, the palpi are, however, not hatchet-shaped; it also

somewhat resembles certain Pelonia, but is very distinct,

by the reduced, and confused third to eighth joints of the

antennze, as well as in the form of the palpi.

Antenne half the length of the body. Head and thorax

with erect brown sete, the latter with the sides evenly

rounded, formed much as in P. pilosum. Scutellum

yellow, elongate triangular. LElytra rather wider than

thorax at the base, widening to about three times that

width before the apex, which is suddenly rounded, obso-

letely punctured, subcoriaceous of a dull black, the margin

at the humerus and central fascia yellow, the latter not

new species of Clerida. 413

reaching the suture, and sometimes almost divided in its

middle. The base of the thighs, and trochanters yellow.

Hab.— Amazon, Ega (Bates); coll. Fry.

Var. ?—peloniodes.

Elytris minus ampliatis, fascia paulo distinctaé, margine

usque ad medium tenuiter flava.

Hab.— Amazon, Santarem (Bates).

A male and female taken in copula present no important

external differences, and afford valuable evidence that the

structure of the antennz are at least sometimes alike in

both sexes in this genus; the ventral segments are un-

fortunately too much shrunk and dried for careful study.

Ichnea plumbea, n. sp.

Nigro-picea, subnitida, capite, prothorace (disco ex-

cepto) sutura tenuissime, elytrorum limbo laterali, anten-

narum apice, femoribusque pallide testaceis; elytris sub-

violaceis, crebre subtiliter punctatis.

Long. 4 lin.

Closely allied to enoplioides, Spin., from which it differs

in being wider, the eyes less approximating, the apex of

the antennz pale, the punctures of the elytra less distinctly

in series.

Hab.—Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry.

Ichnea incerta, nu. sp.

Testacea, antennis (apice excepto), pectoris lateribus,

tibiis tarsisque basi, abdomine apice et superne nigris,

elytris crebre subtiliter punctatis, basi striatis, nigro-fuscis,

limbo toto (humeris late) testaceis; sutura margineque

laterali interdum concoloribus.

Long. 4—4} ln.

Allied to plumbea, and agreeing with it in haying the

apex of the antenne pale; it differs, however, in the

colour of the body, which is of a richer orange-red; the

tibize are yellow at their base and the tarsi at the apex.

The elytra are more distinctly striate at their base, and

usually have the base widely yellow and the entire margin

of the same colour, the suture more widely so towards the

middle.

Hab.— Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry.

414 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s descriptions of

Ichnea fumigata, n. sp.

Atra, opaca, capite flavo, inter oculos nigro, pronoto

lineis duabus lateralibus cum margine antico ena aureo-

pilosis, elytris indistincte tricostatis, punctatis, humeris

flavis, pedibus nigris, femoribus basi flavis.

Long. 44 lin.

Thorax as wide as long, sides rounded, disk without

deep impressions, slightly carinate behind, antenne black,

half the body’s length, funiculus very short.

Hab.— Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry.

Ichnea obscura, 0. sp.

Atra, opaca, capite subtus flavo, pronoto lineis duabus

lateralibus aureo-pilosis, flavis, elytris crebrius punctatis,

humeris lineolé minuté flava, femorum basi testaceo.

Long. 3 lin.

Allied to the preceding; the thorax, however, is nar-

rower in front than behind, the elytra are not costate, the

humerus with only a very small yellow line, the head

entirely black above.

HHab.—Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry.

Obs.— A male and female taken in copula present no

external distinction.

Ichnea impressocollis, n. sp.

Nigro-fusca, subnitida, capite thoracis angulo antico,

elytrorum margine laterali, femorumque medio flavis,

thorace subquadrato lateribus rotundatis, disco utrinque

bifoveolato.

Long. 34—53 hn.

Mas.? Antennis longioribus, corporis fere longitudinis.

Leaden-black, or fuscous, head, anterior angles of the

thorax, femora, excepting the base, and lateral margins of

the elytra testaceous, suture very narrowly pale. Eyes

coarsely granulate, large, closely approximating in the ¢;

palpi pale, black at the apex, subulate. Antenne black,

funiculus of about the length of the head, the three ter-

minal joints in the smaller specimen, which is apparently

the male, nearly equal to the remainder of the body in

length; in two other examples about half of its length, of

these two one is much larger, the other smaller, than the

supposed male. Thorax a little wider than long, sides

new species of Cleride. 415

rounded, rather cvarsely punctured, a large round fovea

on each side of its disk. Elytra rather parallel, finely

punctured. The whole insect is clothed with silky yellow,

erect pile above.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro; Fry.

Obs.—A remarkable species, recalling certain Lampy-

ride; three examples were collected by Mr. Fry.

Ichnea Fryana, un. sp.

Fusca, subopaca, subdepressa, pronoto elongato sub-

cylindrico, lined median& lateribusque tenuiter flavis,

elytris lateribus late pallide flavis antice subroseis.

Long. 4—44 lin.

A very distinct species most nearly allied to vitticollis.

Head fuscous above, yellow beneath; crown with a bifur-

cate yellow line; thorax elongate, widened a little in the

mildle, a narrow pale line in the middle and on the

lateral margins. Elytra but little widened behind, very

finely and closely punctured, the margin broadly pale

to near the apex, rosy in front below the shoulder. An-

tenn lack, scarcely half the hody’s length. Legs and

underside fuscous, varied with pale.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro (Fry); Parana; coll. Gorham.

Ichnea vitticollis, n. sp.

I. suturali, Klug, affinis, nigra subopaca, crebre

punctata capite flavo, nigro-trinotato, thorace linea me-

diana, scutello, sutura, antennarum articulo ultimo, pedi-

busque flavis, his tarsis anticis fuscis.

Long. 34 lin,

This species appears very near to suturalis, Klug, the

chief points of difference being that the apical jomt only

of the antenne is white; the sides of the thorax are not

yellow, nor are the elytra margined with the same colour,

the suture only (and that not at the apex) being yellow;

the front tarsi alone are darker than the legs,

Hab.— Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry.

Ichnea nitida, n. sp.

Nigra, nitida, capite flavo, nigro-notato, thorace parce

punctato, linea mediana vel maculis minutis indistincte

416 Rev. H. 8S. Gorham’s descriptions of

flavis, pedibus flavis tibiis anticis apice, tarsisque anticis

nigris, antennis articulo ultimo albido.

Long. 33 lin.

Also nearly allied to suturalis and to the preceding, but

it differs in the whole upper surface being more shining ;

the thorax is more depressed in front and behind, and less

closely punctured; there is very little trace of the median

line, it is also more narrowed in front and wider behind

the middle. The scutellum is yellow, the elytra black

and shining, thickly punctured. Legs very pale yellow,

anterior tibie black for the apical half, and tarsi of the

same pair black.

Hab.— Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry.

PLATYNOPTERA, Chevrolat.

Type, P. lyciformis, Chev.

PYTICERA, Spinola.

Type, P. Duponti, Spin.

Only separable from Platynoptera by the ovate form of

the elytra. The species of this genus mimic Lampyride,

while those of the former mimic Lycide.

Pyticera flavicollis, n. sp.

Nigro-picea, nitida, capite, pronoto, scutello, mesosterno,

coxisque cum trochanteribus flavis, elytrorum margine re-

flexo pallida.

Long. 3—4 lin.

Compared with P. Duponti, Spin., this species is smaller,

and blacker in colour; it is at once distinguished from it

by the absence of the pale vitta on the elytral margin.

The head is entirely yellow, with the exception that in one

specimen in Mr. Fry’s and one in my own collection, the

crown is marked with pitchy. The yellow scutellum will

also serve to distinguish it.

Hab.—Amazon; LEga, Santarem (Bates); coll. Be

and Gorham.

Pyticera coronata, n. sp.

Nigro-picea, nitida, capite thoraceque flavis, hoc vittis

new species of Cleride. 417

duabus magnis, illo occipite nigris, pedibus nigris, tro-

chanteribus pallidis.

Long. 3—4 lin.

Of the same size, and allied to the preceding, but readily

distinguished by the coloration of the pronotum; the

scutellum is black in two examples, but yellow in a third,

which is also larger, possibly indicating a sexual difference.

The thorax is more rounded at the side than in flavicollis.

Hab-—Amazon, Ega (Bates); coll. Fry.

Crecya, Leconte.

Type, C. mixtu, Lec.

I see no sufficient grounds for separating the species in

this genus from Pelontum. The constriction of the pro-

thorax behind, and the want of serration in the anterior

tibiize, are characters found in many true Pelonia.

CuaARIEssA, Perty.

Type, C. ramicornis, Perty.

This genus is inseparable from Pelonium, excepting in

the form of the body, but as has been well remarked by

Lacordaire (Gen. des Col. iv. 480), the latter genus is

composed at first sight of most heterogeneous elements,

and it would be impossible to refer more species to this

type, without rendering the name Pelonium superfluous.

Chariessa has the priority by fourteen years, but as several

titles have been suggested for the various forms, e.¢.,

Lasiodera, Gray (Kirby7), Philhyra, Cast. (helopiotdes),

Brachymorphus, Chev. (vestita). I conceive it will be

found simpler to reunite them under Pelonium, than to

refer the Pelonia all to Chariessa, a title which has for

many years had a typical signification only.

Chariessa pilosa, Forst. Gemm. and Harold Cat.

p. 1753 (Lampyris) = Enoplium pilosum, KA. p. 104, but

not Enoplium pilosum, Kl. p. 113. It must be retained

as a Pelonium, of which indeed it formed the type.

PELONIUM, Spinola.

Type, P. pilosum, Forster.

Pelonium pilosum, Klug, Mon. p. 369, G. & H. loc.

cit. 1754, nec Forst. Spinola, in redescribing this as

418 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s descriptions of

testaceum (Buquet), increases the confusion of synonymy,

the latter name being already used by Klug, Mon. p. 367,

for a distinct species. I propose the name Klugii for it.

Pelonium pustuliferum, Westwood [ Proc. Zool. Soc.

1852, 52, pl. xxiv. fig. 8]. However muchispecies from the

East may resemble the species of the present genus, their

differences will always, we may be sure, justify their sepa-

ration generically.

The present species is identical with Mr. Pascoe’s

Phymatophea electa(Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1876,

p- 50), with which Mr. Sharp associating opiloides, Pascoe,

loc. cit. p. 51, describes as new two other species—hilaris,

Sharp, longula, Sharp. See Ent. Mo. Mag. [1877, xiv.

pp: 7, 8], and Gorh. Notes on Cleride [Cist. Ent. 1876,

15 8)

Chevrolat has proposed a genus, TYarandocerus, for

those species of Pelonium which have the antennz of the

males with the three terminal joints longer than in the

females, and overlapping each other, including as well

Platynoptera lycoides as Chariessa pilosa. Apart from

the doubtful advantage of dissociating lycoides, Spin.,

from the Platynoptere, pilosum being the first of the

described species mentioned by Spinola, becomes, in lieu

of any other being indicated, the type of Pelonium.

Pelonium semivittatum, Chev. Mém. 1876, p. 37 = P.

helopioides, Cast.

Pelonium centromaculatum, Chev. Mém. 1876, p. 40.

Distinguished by the colour of the prothorax, which is

yellow, and by its finer punctuation, and by the black

antenne from humerale, Spin. It is very variable in the

colour of the elytra and head, and somewhat so in that of

the antennee. In a small series found by Mr. Fry at Rio

one has the head entirely yellow, the apex of the elytra is,

however, constantly pale.

- Pelonium marginipenne, Chev. Mém. 1876, p. 40.

This does not equal P. marginipenne, Spin. i. p. 363;

if I am right in referring a specimen in Mr. Fry’s col-

lection to Chevrolat’s species, it is, I believe, only a

variety of centromaculatum with the elytra nearly black.

Pelonium humerale, Spin. 1. 366, G. and H. Cat.

1754 = P. vitticeps, Blanchard, sec. Fry.

new species of Cleride. 419

Pelonium preustum, Spin. G. and H. Cat. loc. cit. =

seminigrum, Chev. G. and H. sec. Chev. Mém. p. 7, note.

If the reference is correct this species is found over the

whole South American continent. An example in Mr.

Fry’s collection is from La Plata.

Pelonium rufipes, Klug, G. and H. Cat. p. 1755, is

distinct from trifasciatum, Cast.

Pelonium insigne, Chev. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1874,

1875, sine habitat. Taken by Mr. Fry at Rio, also from

Espirito Santo.

Pelonium optabile, n. sp.

Fuscum, subnitidum, antennarum articulo basali et

apicali, prothoracis lateribus antice, elytris vitté laterali

pone medium latissima, femoribus apice tibiisque pallidi-

oribus.

Long. 83 lin.

Antennz somewhat longer than head and thorax, joints

two to eight about equal to the three apical; these latter,

but especially the eleventh, paler. ‘Thorax with the disk

dark in the centre, the anterior angles and sides in front

pale; longer than wide, sides scarcely sinuate, contracted

at the base. Elytra twice the width of the latter, widened,

and the lateral margin somewhat expanded behind the

middle; varied with pale and dark fuscous-yellow, but

with a conspicuous pale patch on the sides where most

expanded. :

H[ab.—Minas Geraes ; coll. Fry.

Obs.—This species mimics Lampyride, of the genera

Hyas or Cladodes, in colour and pattern.

Pelonium ruficolle, n. sp.

Rufum, elytris testaceis, sutura fasciisque tribus nigris,

basi punctatis, thorace parce punctulato, lateribus fortiter

lobatis, antennarum clavaé fusca.

Long. 5 lin.

Allied to rufipes, Klug, but besides the different colour

the thorax has the sides very much more strongly lobed.

The scutellum is red, and, the suture being black, it is

surrounded with that colour.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro (Fry), Parana; coll. Gorham.

420 Rev. H. 8S. Gorham’s descriptions of

Pelonium semirufum, n. sp.

Elongatum, sub-parallelum, capite thoraceque nigris, ore

cum palpis rufis; elytris rufis, tertia parte apicali nigra,

corpore subtus rufo, pedibus nigris femorum basi, tarsorum

apice rufis.

Long. 5 lin.

Head and thorax a little shining, sparsely and deeply

punctured, sides of the latter lobed in the middle. LElytra

wider than thorax, chestnut-red, with the apical third

black, less widely so at the suture, with obsolete punctures

In series as far as the red portion reaches, subpubescent,

shining. Meso-, and metasterna, with the abdomen red.

Legs black, base of femora and last two joints of tarsi red.

Antenne as long as the head and hone black, basal

joint red beneath.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro (Fry).

Pelonium Badeni, n. sp.

Rufum, capite thoraceque, crebre sub-rugose punctatis,

nigris, semi-opacis, elytris castaneo-rufis, fascia mediana

apiceque albido-flavis, inter fasciam et apicem nigris, grosse

seriatim punctatis, apice subleevi.

Long. 34—53 lin.

Elongate, head and thorax coarsely and closely punc-

tured, the latter with a smooth line in the centre of the

disk, sides tubercularly lobed, base contracted, palpi and

antenne red; in small specimens the latter longer than

head and thorax; three terminal joints longer than the funi-

culus, 9th and 10th much acuminate internally, 6, 7, 8

serrate. Elytra cylindric, sides parallel, their basal halt

chestnut-red, the extreme base sometimes paler, an oblique

pale fascia, and the apex itself obliquely whitish-yellow,

the intermediate space black. Body beneath and legs red.

Hab.—Brazil, Rio Janeiro (Fry); coll. Fry, Gorham

and Baden.

Pelonium difforme, un. sp.

Elongatum subdepressum, pallide testaceum, anten-

narum articulis tribus ultimis nigris; elytris pallidis, linea

humerali punctisque quatuor, una basali, tribus obliquis

pone mediam sitis nigris.

Long. 44—6 lin.

Mas.?—Antennis corporis dimidia parte longitudine

eequalibus, articulis 9 et 10 apice intus fortius acutis.

Feminu ?— Antennis brevioribus, clava simplici.

Head and thorax with large distinct punctures, tes-

new species of Cleride. 421

taceous, the latter tubercularly lobed on the sides, base

somewhat contracted. Elytra paler yellow, with large

shallow punctures in series and smaller ones between. A

basal very small spot on each side the scutellum, a straight

narrow line from the humerus for one-third the length,

and three black points obliquely placed, that nearest the

suture being about equally distant from the base and

apex. Antennz with the funiculus in the male (?) much

shorter than the club, joints 5, 6, 7 being transverse and

very short. In the female (?) joint 7 only is transverse,

and the club and funiculus of equal length.

Hab.—Santa Catharina (Fry) ¢, Parana ¢; coll.

Gorham (e Mus. Saunders).

Obs.—I think I have seen this species named Buquet?,

Spin., to which it approximates in pattern.

Pelonium bipunctatum, n. sp.

Elongatum, subdepressum, flavo-testaceum, nitidum

antennis pedibusque nigris, his femoribus ad basin, tibiis-

que in medio flavis, illis clavé elongata articulis duabus

primis intus acuminato-productis; elytris flavis, striato-

punctatis, ante apicem punctis nigris notatis.

Long. 33 lin.

In form and structure of the antenne allied to difforme ;

the latter are about half the length of the body, basal

jomt pale yellow, remainder fuscous, mandibles and apex

of the palpi black. Head and thorax sparsely punctulate.

Elytra testaceous, paler towards the apex, deeply punctate-

striate for two-thirds their length, each impressed with a

black dot one-third from the apex. Legs, base of the

femora and the tibiz ringed with pale yellow, the mem-

branaceous portion of the tarsi and claws of the same

colour.

Hab.—Santa Catharina; coll. Fry.

Pelonium micans, n. sp.

Breviter ovatum, rufo-testaceum, nitidum, capite tho-

raceque parcius punctatis ; elytris seriatim punctatis, pube

brevi sericeo-micante dense vestitis.

Long. 3 lin.

Allied to variabile, Spin., but larger; the thorax

especially wider, more sparsely puuciured and more

shining. The elytra are more widened posteriorly, and

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.) GG

422 Rev. H.-S. Gorham’s descriptions of

are densely covered with a silky pubescence. The an-

tenn have the ninth and tenth joints triangularly acumi-

nate internally, and these joints are red; the terminal joint

is wanting in the single specimen I possess.

Hab.—Brazil.

Pelonium irroratum, n. sp.

Breviter oblongum, testaceum, elytris ampliatis con-

vexis fusco-irroratis fortiter punctatis, punctis irregulariter

dispositis, fuscis, antennarum clava nigra.

Long. 2—23 lin.

Mandibles black,.at least at the tip, head and thorax

obsoletely punctured, shining, the latter lobed, but not

strongly at the sides. Elytra very much widened behind,

sparsely and irregularly punctured ; the punctures fuscous,

this colour often filling the intermediate spaces, and being

especially condensed near the scutellum. Antenne pale

club-black.

Belonging to the variabile group, but distinct from any

other by the fuscous punctures.

Hab.— Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry and Gorham.

Pelonium ridens, n. sp.

Oblongum, flavum, nitidum, elytris vittis duabus ob-

liquis cum linea submarginati conjunctis tibiis tarsisque,

ruto-ferrugineis ; antennis externe nigris.

Long. 43 lin.

Nearly allied to vittatum, Spin., which it resembles in

colour, but from which it differs as follows:—The thorax

is nearly smooth, the punctuation of the sides and lateral

lobe, which is obvious in vittatum, here being absent.

The elytra are smooth, showing no trace of the impressed

series of punctures, but covered with minute irregular

punctures and dark dots very slightly impressed. The

pattern is quite different, and consists of an oblique stripe

which, starting from near the scutellum, continues in a

line from the humerus nearly parallel to the margin; this

line terminates before the apex, where it is joied by a

second oblique stripe commencing near the suture at the

middle ; these stripes are of a rich orange-yellow. The

ground colour of the elytra is of a paler yellow than the

head and thorax. The antenne are apparently ten-jointed,

the seventh joint, or the one preceding the club, is short;

new species of Cleride. 423

the eighth is concealed; indeed, with a Stanhope lens I

can see no trace of it; the structure of these organs is

precisely similar to those of vittatum, of which Spinola

says it is the suture between the seventh and eighth that

is obscure. Externally the antenne are blackish, in-

ternally pale, whitish at the club.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro; Fry.

Pelonium pictipenne, n. sp.

Oblongum, pallide flavescens, nitidum, antennarum

funiculo, clava externe, capite ex parte, guttisque quinque

elytrorum, tribus basalibus duabus subapicalibus nigris;

elytris albidis medio flavis.

Long. 5 lin.

Antenne apparently ten-jointed, basal joint red; 2, red

tinged with black, 3—7, black, club-black at the base and

externally, internally and at apex pale. Palpi yellow.

Thorax pale yellowish, tuberculate at sides which are

punctulate; disk smooth, depressed. LElytra (excepting

in the middle) pale whitish-yellow; the suture at the

scutellum and a humeral spot, as well as the reflexed

portion of the elytra under the humeral callus, and two

triangular, converging, subapical spots black; their sur-

face covered with obsolete, irregular, scarcely impressed

dots, darker than the ground colour, and which support

subdepressed setae. Legs pale yellow.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro; Fry.

Pelonium confluens, n. sp.

Oblongum, postice ampliatum, flavo-testaceum nitidum,

subpubescens, capite, pectore, guttisque nonnullis elytro-

rum basalibus et subapicalibus, seepe confluentibus, nigris;

elytris striato-punctatis.

Long. 3—34 lin.

Most nearly allied to sex-notatum, Klug.

Head black, mandibles yellow at the base; palpi and

antennz yellow, the latter fuscous externally. Thorax

pale, faintly punctulate at the sides. Elytra with distinct

series of punctures obsolete at the apex, testaceous yellow;

the scutellar region and humerus are always black, and

these markings are often united; towards the apex two

or three lineal black markings occur; these, too, are often

united so as to form an irregular oblique fascia, the suture,

GG2

424 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s descriptions of

however, here being always pale. Scutellum and meta-

sternum black. Legs pale, tibie and tarsi ferruginous

red.

Hab.—Amazon (Bates); coll. Fry and Gorham.

Pelonium maculosum, n. sp.

Oblongo-elongatum, ferrugineum, capite thoraceque

dense subrugose punctatis, hdc nigro-binotato; elytris

fortiter striato-punctatis, nitidis, singulatim maculis qua-

tuor nigris notatis, und basali, duabus in medio spe

confluentibus, una tertia parte ante apicem.

Long. 22—3} lin.

Not very nearly allied to any other known to me.

Rather elongate, dark rufous, elytra rather paler at

their apex. Legs and antenne pale yellow. Head and

thorax thickly punctured, punctures confluent, clothed

with rufous erect setz; little shining, with an elongate

black spot on each side the middle, sides strongly lobed.

Elytra shining, with rows of large deep punctures vanish-

ing before the apex; somewhat pubescent, with four con-

spicuous black spots on each; one on the base near the

scutellum, two nearly round in the middle, and one gene-

rally transverse, about a third from the apex.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro; Fry.

Pelonium? extraneum, un. sp.

Rufo-ferrugineum, antennis, genubus, tibius tarsisque

nigris, capite et thorace crebre punctulatis nitidis, elytris

creberrime subtiliter punctatis.

Long. 63 lin.

Head sparingly but deeply punctate, scarcely so wide

as the thorax; eyes well cut out, rather coarsely facetted ;

antennz eleven-jointed, seventh and eighth joimts very

short, especially the eighth, black. Palpi yellow. Thorax

a little narrowed in front, with an impressed line in front

and near the hind margin; disk moderately, sides more

thickly punctured, the latter evenly rounded, without signs

of lobes. Anterior femora sub-clavate, middle and hind

pairs rather compressed; knees narrowly, tibiz and tarsi

black. Elytra rather convex, a little widened behind;

humerus not very prominent, very thickly and finely

punctured, punctures confluent; four fine raised lines may

be traced, but they are not distinct. ‘The suture is finely

raised, and at the apex there is a short sutural stria;

new species of Cleride. 425

underside of the body shining, testaceous, six ventral seg-

ments of the abdomen are visible.

Hab.—ULaos, Mouhot; coll. Gorham.

Obs.—I provisionally describe this very curious insect

here, as its general characters coincide with those of

Pelonium. The most obvious difference is in the entire

absence of tubercular lobes to the thorax. It will form

the type of a new genus, but at present I cannot point out

satisfactory characters. I have only as yet seen the speci-

men described which I obtained from the collection of

Mr. Saunders.

PHYMATOPHGA, Pascoe.

Type, P. pustulifera, Westwood. (Pelonium.)

Mr. Pascoe’s remarks, following the characters given,

are nihil ad rem. The insect is obviously one of the

Enopliides, having four joints of the tarsi visible above,

the basal joint atrophied and covered by the second. ‘The

antenne are differently constructed (though with nearly

the same proportions) to those of any Peloniwm I have

examined, their joints being fusiform rather than obconic

or bead-shaped. In Pelonium the eighth joint, or the one

preceding the club, is often so closely connected with the

seventh as to make the organ appear to be ten-jointed,

while here it is perfectly visible. ‘The tuberculated thorax

and elytra, which at the same time are comparatively free

from hairs, can be compared to nothing in the South

American genus, unless it be a remote resemblance to

P. scoparium, Klug.

APOLOPHA, Spinola.

Type, A. Reichet, Spin.

The reduction of the joints of the antennz is probably

owing to the fusion of two or more of those immediately

preceding the club, as is sometimes the case in Pelonium.

I have not seen the type in any collection.

CHORESINE, Pascoe.

Type, C. advena, Pas.

The combination of characters found here is at variance

with the idea of it pertaining to the Cleride at all. With-

out venturing to pronounce on its admission into families

426 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s descriptions, §c.

with which I have slight acquaintance, I should be in-

clined to refer Choresine to the Malacodermata, probably

in the sub-family Melyrides.

OrTHOPLEURA, Spinola.

Type, O. damicornis, Fab.

Enopuiivum, Latreille.

Type, £. serraticorne, Villers.

This European genus is characterized by having ap-

parently trimerous tarsi, the basal joint bemg hidden from

view above ; by this character all those species referred to

it by Klug, Westwood, and others are separated.

Enoplium humerale, Horn. G. and H. Cat. p. 1756 =

Pelonium militare, Chev. Rev. et Mag. 1876, p. 73. If

referable, as is probable, to Pelontum, and not to Kno-

plium, the latter name will stand.

ANISOPHYLLUS, Westw. [ Trans. Ent. Soc. 1876, iv. 493. ]

Type, Anisophyllus obscurus, Westw. [loc. cit. |

Mr. Westwood says, “ This genus is allied to Eno-

plium.” The tarsi, however, are given as five-jointed,

and, moreover, with all five visible from above. I¢ can-

not, therefore, enter into the Knoplides without domg

violence to the tarsal arrangement adopted by all modern

authors, and which seems quite in harmony with the

natural affinities observed among the Cleride. The sub-

cylindric terminal joint of both pair of palpi is an unusual

character in this family of Coleoptera, but is at least more

nearly assimilated to some genera among the 7%llides, to

which sub-family it will more properly be referred.

(Ao)

XXVII. On Notiothauma Reedi, a@ remarkable new

genus and species of Neuroptera from Chili,

pertaining to the family Panorpide. By

R. M‘Lacuuan, F.R.S., &c.

[Read October 3rd, 1877. ]

SomE time ago I received from Mr. Edwyn C. Reed, of

the Museo Nacional of Santiago de Chile, a box of Neuwrop-

tera from that quarter. The fauna of Chili has always

been of special interest to me, in consequence of the many

remarkable forms exhibited by it, and the tendency shown

to produce European genera that do not exist in the vast

regions of tropical America, so that the extreme southern

part of the continent forms, as it were, an island, with a

large admixture of Palearctic faunistic elements. The

other insects are not less interesting, and Mr. Reed’s

collection added several curious forms, already known, to

my hitherto somewhat scanty materials from that country.

But unfortunately it had suffered much from the ravages

of Anthreni, and some of the best things had been greatly

mutilated by them. Among these was an insect that for

a long time puzzled me exceedingly, and it is only recently

that I became aware of its true position, which I think is

certainly in the family Panorpide, its nearest ally being

the extraordinary and rare Merope tuber (Newman) of

North America. The single individual had suftered

perhaps worse than any other, the legs being absent, and

the head and prothorax nearly entirely devoured, but leay-

ing an antenna, a portion of a large eye, and a fragment

of the front with the maxillary palpi attached thereto,

hanging by a thread of débris. Ihave a great aversion to

descriptions drawn up from mutilated examples; but in

the present instance identity can clearly be established

from the singular wings, &c. I propose to call the genus

Notiothauma, and to acknowledge Mr. Reed’s labours in

Chilian entomology by associating his name with the

species.

NOTIOTHAUMA, gen. nov.

[ Head and pronotum nearly entirely destroyed.| An-

tennz long and slender, being composed of about 32

TRANS. ENT. SOc. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.)

428 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan on Notiothauma Reedi,

joints; basal joint rather long and stout, dilated at the

apex; 2nd joint partaking of the same nature, but shorter

and thinner; the 3 or 4 succeeding joints short, and nearly

quadrate, afterwards the joints to the 14th or 15th are

more or less conical, then becoming longer and nearly

oval, but those at the tip again shorter. Front (from the

fragment that remains) apparently shortly rostrate. Maxil-

lary palpi with a very short basal joint, a long curved

2nd joint dilated gradually to the tip, a shorter (also

dilated) but stouter 3rd joint, the 4th and 5th short, the

latter obtuse. Body rather slender, subcylindrical. Meso-

notum furnished on either side with strong erect spines.

Metanotum transversely quadrate. Abdomen (¢) much

shorter than the wings, having at the sides the terminal

three segments gradually diminishing, so that the apex is

nearly conical; the apical segment furnished with a pair

of slender 2-jointed hairy cylindrical appendages, slightly

curved, and directed outward almost at right angles.

Wings perfectly horizontal in repose, one overlapping

the other (as in Termes), equal (the posterior slightly the

shorter), broad, nearly oblong with broad rounded

apices, almost coriaceous in texture (the posterior rather

less so); the extreme base of the inner margin with a

well-developed nearly semi-circular lobe ; reticulation very

dense, the nervures and nervules elevated and very strong.

In the anterior wings the costal area is very broad,

narrowed at the extreme base, where there is a stout,

simple transverse nervule ; this area is occupied by four to

six irregular rows of cellules, mostly irregularly hexagonal

in form, smaller and more numerous towards the costa,

larger and elongate above the subcosta which is indis-

tinctly separable from the general reticulation, and which

ends in a rather large space, before the apex, free from

nervules, but very coarsely tuberculate, forming the

pterostigma; radius also indistinct, running into the apex,

connected with the subcosta by transverse nervules; sector

arising at an angle in the radius towards the base, its

upper branch running parallel to the radius; the upper

cubitus originating at the same point as the sector, the

lower from the base of the wing. The sector and cubiti

have an infinitude of branches, all connected by numerous

transverse nervules, so that nearly the whole wing is

occupied by elongate irregularly hexagonal cellules, be-

coming shorter and more numerous at the apex; at a

point on the upper cubitus, about one-third from the

a remarkable new genus, §c. of Neuroptera. 429

base of the wing, is a white dot, the origin of a distinct

oblique nervure readily: separable from the ordinary

transverse nervules; the post-costal nervure runs into the

inner margin in an oblique manner, forming a slight fold,

the post-costal area densely filled with cellules; the mar-

gins very slightly ciliated; at the extreme base of the costal

margin is a series of confluent tubercles, whence arise long

and strong erect spines; there are similar spines on the

principal nervures at the extreme base, which are also

found, but distantly placed, on the basal quarter of the

radius. The reticulation of the posterior wings is almost

precisely similar, but the costal area is much narrower,

and contains only two rows of oblique irregularly penta-

gonal cellules; there are a few shorter and less strong spines

at the extreme base of the costal margin, but no others.

Notiothauma Reedi, n. sp.

Body uniformly dark castaneous, rather shining. An-

terior wings uniformly pale brownish-grey; neuration cas-

taneous, the radius paler; pterostigma dusky; spines .

nearly piceous. Posterior wings rather paler, with tes-

taceous neuration and more distinct pterostigma. ¢.

Length of body (excluding head and prothorax), 14 mm.

Length of anterior wing, 26 mm.; breadth, 10 mm.

Length of posterior wing, 234 mm.; breadth, 94 mm.

Expanse of anterior wings, 54 mm.

Hab.—Chili (E. C. Reed); in my collection.

I consider this the most extraordinary recent Neuropte-

rous insect yet known. Its external aspect, and especially

the colour and texture of the wings, are such as to cause one,

at first, almost to jump to the conclusion that he is dealing

with some anomalous form of true Orthoptera, and the

equal wings and their position in repose are equally sug-

gestive of something allied to Termes, if the slender abdo-

men be left out of consideration. In fact, almost the only

point indicative of affinity with Panorpa (in the absence of

the head) is the presence of the two divergent appendages

at the apex of the abdomen, as in the ¢ of that genus; and

had it not been for the existence of Merope it is probable

that a suggestion that the insect pertained to the Panor-

pide would have met with little serious consideration.

As in Merope we may predict that the $ will be found

armed with prominent anal parts. It will be very inte-

resting to learn the mode of life of Notiothauma ; its ex-

430 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan on Notiothauma.

tremely depressed and flattened form when in a state of

repose would appear to indicate that it may hide itself

beneath the loose bark of trees (an idea also somewhat

favoured by its colour), and be nocturnal in its habits.

Notiothauma differs from Merope in its much longer

and more slender (not thickened) antennze; in the broader

and more coriaceous wings, with the very broad costal

area of the anterior pair, and much more dense reticulation ;

the erect spines on the wings and mesothorax; also in the

structure of the maxillary palpi, if the figures of them

given by Westwood for Merope be strictly correct—a

point I am unable to decide, as I cannot discriminate

these parts in the only example (the type) of Md. tuber

accessible to me.

EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES.

Plate X. Div. A. .

. Notiothauma Reedi, 9 (somewhat enlarged).

. Portion of mesonotum (much enlarged),

. An antenna ra re

. A maxillary palpus 6 3

. Apex of abdomen 0 mn

om 0 be

(24aB IE)

XXVIII. Entomological Notes. By J. O. WEstwoop,

M.A., F.L.S., Pres. Ent. Soc.

[Read October 3rd, 1877.]

1. On the Pupa of a Trichopterous Insect.

My young friend, Mr. Edward B. Poulton, B.A., of

Jesus College, recently brought me a pupa of a Trichop-

terous insect, which Mr. M‘Lachlan considers to be that

of Anaboliu nervosa, one of the Limnephilides,* which has

enabled me to correct certain passages in my Introduction

to the ‘“* Modern Classification of Insects,” 1. pp. 68, 69.

The mode in which insects having a quiescent or necro- ,

morphous pupa undergo their change to the perfect state

varies in the different orders. In the Lepidoptera, in

which the limbs are enclosed in separate sheaths and

fastened together by a gummy secretion on assuming the

pupa state, the legs are drawn out of their sheaths, which

remain fixed in their position along the breast, so that,

except for the slit down the back of the thorax, the cast

skin might often be mistaken for an entire pupa. In the

Diptera, which undergo a coarctate metamorphosis, the

limbs are free, but the insect on shedding the outer skin

of the pupa has to burst by force through the indurated

shell formed of the last larval skin, whilst such Hymenop-

tera as are enclosed in the pupa state in closed cells or

cocoons have to burst through these coverings after as-

suming the winged state.

In the Coleoptera and most of the Hymenoptera, the

limbs are free although lying inactive along the breast ;

but immediately before assuming the imago state they

become endowed with a small amount of activity, and the

insect is able to creep or move about slightly, whilst still

entirely inclosed in its pupa skin. In certain Hymenop-

tera, the pups of which are enclosed in cocoons of a hard

texture, such as the Cimbicides and other Tenthredinide,

* The larva of this species, according to Mr, M‘Lachlan, is found com-

monly in ditches and streams, with long twigs attached longitudinally to

the larva-case as balancers.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.)

432 Prof. J. O. Westwood’s

the insect, arrived at its perfect state within its cocoon,

has to bite off the end of the latter with its strong jaws;

but in the Zrichoptera a totally different and exceptional

process is effected, in consequence of the pupa being

furnished with a pair of horny mandibles, quite unlike

those of the larva state, and which are thrown off on

assuming the winged state in which the mandibles are

quite rudimentary.* With these mandibles, which vary

in form and strength in the different groups according to

the nature of the cocoons,t the pupa cuts its way through

the net-work mouth of its case shortly before assuming

the perfect state; at which period it is stated in my

Introduction, |. c., p. 69, that “it assumes considerable

activity, swimming along, as I have observed, by means

of its two hind legs, which are strongly ciliated, and

crawling about by means of its four fore legs, which

become detached from the breast.” I have, unfortunately,

no recollection of the species which I observed acting in

the manner thus described; { but in the pupa communi-

cated to me by Mr. Poulton, it is the middle pair of legs

which are fringed with long strong hairs, and which the

insect uses In swimming exactly in the same manner as

the Notonecte use their hind legs; and M. Pictet also

states (“‘ Phryganeides,” p. 53) that it is the middle pair

of legs which are furnished with “ deux rangées symme-

triques de poils forts et serrés, dispos¢s comme des barbes

de plumes; la nymphe se sert de ces pattes comme d’avi-

rons, pour nager lorsqu’elle veut éclore ; ces poils restent

a la depouille et n’existent point dans Vinsecte parfait.”

* In my Introduction, 1. c., I have said that the mandibles of the pupa

are different in form from those of the larva and pupa, the latter word

having been inadvertently printed instead of imago.

+ The pupa before us agrees, in the simple structure of the mandibles,

with that of Sericostoma (Pictet Phryganides, pl. 4, fig. 3). According to

Mr. M‘Lachlan, “these mandibles appear to be stronger and more notched

in those families of caddice flies that make fixed cases of stones, such as

the Hydropsychides and Rhyacophilides. In the latter there is an inner

cocoon to be cut through as well as the ordinary case or grating; in all

others the pupa lies free in the case.”

t The following is a copy from my original note on the subject :—

“10th May, 1829. Observed several specimens of a pupa in a pond on

Coombe wild, which at first appeared like the pup of large gnats. They

were swimming slowly about, seeking for some twig to creep up, and the

motion was performed by means of their two hind legs, the tarsi and tibie

being finely haired. On taking them out of the water I perceived a slit

down the front of the back of the thorax, and after a little while (after

creeping about by means of their fowr front legs) I perceived that they

were Trichopterous pupz, which must have left their cases to change

to the winged state: The tail was furnished with two small sete.”

Entomological Notes. 433

The various figures hitherto published of the peculiar

structure of the mouth organs of the Trichopterous pupa

fail to give a clear idea of their relative position; indeed,

in that of Hydropsyche senex, given by Pictet, copied in

my Introduction, fig. Ixvii. 14, vol. 11. p. 61, the maxille

and labrum are represented as entirely absent. This is

the more to be regretted as the intermediate structure of

the mouth organs of the pupa, between those of the active

biting larva and the rudimentary trophi of the imago,

iS especially interesting in a morphological point of view.

In Mr. Poulton’s pupa, however, the mandibles although

small are strong, horny, and terminate in an acute point,

occupying the middle of the face, and being directed

forwards: the maxillz and lower lip on the other hand are

deflexed and lie upon the breast, without any apparent

connexion with the mandibles. They appear to be sol-

dered together, the inner margin of the round apical lobes

of the maxillz meeting together, and the large lower lip

occupying the central space, the maxillary and labial

palpi (each being three-jointed) * extending longitudinally

from the outer margin of their respective supports.

As the various figures given by M. Pictet in his great

work on the Phryganeides do not show either the middle

feet of the pupa or the relative position of the maxille

and lower lip, I have represented them in the accompany-

ing figures :—

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

Plate X. B.

Fig. 1. Underside of the front part of the body of the pupa of Anabolia

nervosa male: a, labrum; 0, mandibles; ¢, basal portion of

maxilla; c*, apical lobe of maxilla; d, maxillary palpus;

é, labium; /, labial palpi; g, antenne; h, coxe of fore legs.

Fig. 2, Mandible.

Fig. 3. Middle leg.

so)

2. Notes on the Parasitism of certain Lepidopterous

Insects.

Referrmg to my memoir on Epipyrops anomala, pub-

lished in our Transactions for 1876 (p. 519), I now

beg leave to lay before the members of the Society a short

note on the habits of an analogous (if not the identical)

species which Lieut.-Col. Godwin Austen observed upon

* In the female pupa of this species the maxillary palpi ave five-jointed.

434 Prof. J. O. Westwood’s

the body of another Homopterous insect, Aphena sp.

(also belonging to the family Fulgoride). His statement

is :—

“This Aphena I found at No. 6 Camp in the Dillrang

Valley. When found it had on the hinder part of the

back a lot of pure white fluffy stuff, which I at the time

thought was a part of the insect or else a disease. I

pinned the Aphena in the insect box and thought no more

about it until the next day, when I proceeded to remove

its contents into one of my insect cases. I then found

that the white mass had left the body of the Aphena,

which had died, and was wandering about the box. I left

it in the box and it eventually spun a cocoon, which I

gave to my friend Mr. Wood-Mason, with a short note

which was written at the time on a label underneath the

insects.”

Unfortunately the parasite died in the pupa state. It

was, however, quite clear that the white material of which

the insect had formed itself a case, or at least had covered

a case therewith, was the white waxy secretion emitted by

the Aphena and other Homoptera, and which some-

times, as in the Mexican species figured by Burmeister

(Genora queed, Insect. Part I. pl. 1), extends in filaments

to the length of five or six inches.

I am further indebted to Mr. Wood-Mason for an

opportunity of examining another instance of this Lepi-

dopterous parasitism occurring upon a specimen of the

small Fulgorideous insect, Kurybrachis spinosa, repre-

sented in Pl. X. fig.C.1. We here see a Lepidopterous

larva (which appears to me to differ in no other respect

than in its smaller size from the larva of Epipyrops

anomala) firmly attached by a strong white band of a

membranous texture to the dorsum of the abdomen of

the Eurybrachis at the base of the third abdominal

segment. The specimen being unique, and in spirits, and

belonging to the Madras Museum, I have not been able

to examine the nature of the connecting cord or band,

which is firmly fixed to the underside of the anal ex-

tremity of the larva, apparently held by the hooklets of the

anal prolegs. ‘There seems, indeed, sufficient reason not

to suppose that it is the attenuated portion of the mem-

branous connection between the second and third seg-

ments of the abdomen of the Kurybrachis, as the parasite

larva is too large, and as the Kurybrachis is entire so as

to prevent the possibility of the larva having been an

Entomological Notes. 435

internal parasite. In like manner we cannot suppose the

connecting cord to have been a previous sloughed skin of

the Lepidopterous larva, as there would have been no

means of attaching one end of the slough to the dorsum

of the abdomen of the Kurybrachis, although the other

end might have been firmly held by the anal prolegs of

the larva. Mr. Wood-Mason’s suggestion that the con-

necting cord is the case which the larva had spun for its

residence, and of which it had firmly affixed the basal

extremity (out of which the head of the larva must at that

time have protruded) to the body of the Eurybrachis,

after doing which it had turned itself round in its case as is

the manner of the larvee of the Ozketic?, Psyche and other

sack-tragers, and pushed itself quite out of the distal

extremity of the case on being plunged into spirits,

holding firmly by its prolees to the distal extremity of the

case. (See Proc. Ent. Soc. Oct. 3rd, 1877.)

The question then arises (and is applicable also to

Epipyrops), what is the real condition of the relationship

between the Homopteron and its supposed parasite? In

Fulgora and Aphena there is a dense supply of the waxy

matter upon which I have assumed that the Lepidopterous

larva had fed, as do the larvae of Galleria, upon the wax

of the honey-comb, leaving the Homopteron itself un-

touched and entire, but the Hurybrachis before us (in

spirit) shows no sign of the waxy secretion. I believe,

however, that this insect really does secrete the wax, and

that all trace of it is here lost by immersion in the spirit

which has dissolved it, as I am aware has been the case

with other wax-secreting insects which I have immersed

in spirit. In reply to the suggestion that the waxen

secretion is simply used by the parasites of the Fulgora

and Aphena for the formation of its case, I would observe

that there are many insects which make use of the mate-

rials on which they feed for the formation of their move-

able cases, as is done by the larva of the common clothes-

or carpet-moth, which uses the wool on which it feeds for

this purpose, or by the Lyda of the rose, the larva of

which makes its case of a strip of the same leaf, on the

remains of which it then feeds. Mr. Wood-Mason, on

the contrary, thinks these are cases of commensalism,

and that the Lepidopterous larva makes use of the

Homopteron to transport it from place to place, and that

on arriving at the plant which is its favourite food it

partially leaves its companion, and, after eating its fill on

436 — Prof. J. O. Westwood’s

the leaf, it re-ascends, as must be supposed to be the case

with the Lepidopterous larvee mentioned recently by

Mr. Fritz Miiller in a communication to “ Nature,”

January 18th, 1877, which is sufficiently curious to

warrant its republication, and which is as follows :—

“T have lately become acquainted with an interesting

case of commensalism in two caterpillars. The larger,

with red head, protected by long branching stinging hairs

or thorns, lives on mulberry and other trees. Like other

caterpillars protected from enemies by odours, stinging

hairs or otherwise, it sits on the upper side of the leaves

and is light coloured, the head red, the hairs white.

Across its back, between its thorns, there sits a small

blackish caterpillar protecting itself by the thorns of the

large companion. I took off the small caterpillar from

the large one, but it soon occupied again the same place.

In order to take a photograph of it the larger caterpillar

was anesthetised with ether; it recovered again some-

what, but after two days it died. The smaller caterpillar

has now left its place and taken refuge on another cater-

pillar in the same box; on this it sits somewhat further

forward, on the base of the abdomen. In its former post

the place where the small caterpillar sits looks pale, as if

it had been scoured. ‘The small caterpillar from above

eats small holes in the leaf on which the larger one is

sitting. As far as I know no similar case has hitherto

been observed.”

The caterpillar upon which the smaller one resides

belongs to the genus Doratifera (Limacodes), as appears

from his figure, but the author is silent as to the genus or

even order of the smaller caterpillar; and were it not that

he calls it a caterpillar (confining the name apparently to

the Lepidoptera), and that he says it descends and eats

holes in the leaf, we might infer that it was a real external

parasite, especially as he notes a difference in the appear-

ance of that part of the larger caterpillar on which the

smaller one had sat.

Two other instances of more doubtful parasitism in

Lepidoptera have fallen under my notice. I obtained

from the collection of the late J. Curtis two small brown

Tineideous moths about the size of Depressaria Populi,

to one of which was attached a note in the handwriting

of Mr. Curtis, “living on the Bradypus tridactylus, I

believe.” I also obtained from one of the boxes of insects

collected by Mr. Bates on the Amazon, two small moths,

Entomological Notes. 437

more robust than the former and darker coloured (both of

which have the fore-wings apparently naturally truncated

not extending to the extremity of the abdomen), with the

note “parasitic on the three-toed sloth. Pard. Many

found.” From the information I received with the last-

mentioned specimens, I believe it was among the hairs of

the Bradypus that the moths had either been reared or

had taken up their abode. These moths are now in the

Oxford Museum.

Lastly, I recently obtained from a collection of Lepi-

dopterous insects, sent by Mr. Thelwall from Lake Nyassa,

and folded in paper, a small moth, measuring 13 lines m

the expanse of its broad semi-transparent white fore-wings,

marked beyond the middle with a few irregularly-placed

black scales and having strongly bipectinated black an-

tenne, which seemed to me allied to the Psyche fusca,

although having somewhat the appearance of a male

Orgyia. With this moth was enclosed the empty cocoon

or rather hard horny coaretate puparium of a Tachina, with

the note that the moth had been reared from the latter.

If such had really been the case, I think the larva of the

moth must simply have taken advantage of the empty

puparium in which to undergo its transformation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

Plate x. C:

Fig. 1.—Lurybrachis spinosa? magnified, with the parasite attached to

the dorsal surface of its abdomen.

Fig. 2.—The parasite seen from below, showing the six thoracic legs

and eight ventral prolegs, and part of the suspending mem-

brane.

Fig. 3.—The extremity of the body of the parasite, showing the manner

in which the membranous attachment is seized by the anal

prolegs of the parasitic larva.

3. On the Lepidopterous genera Himantopterus, Wesmael,

and Thymara, EF. Doubleday.

The genus Himantopterus was founded by M. Wesmacl

in the Bulletin of the Royal Academy of Brussels for

1836, for the reception of a very remarkable Javanese

insect, still unique, then in the collection of the late

M. Robyns, where I had the opportunity of examining it,

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1877.—PART IV. (DEC.) Hu

438 Prof. J. O. Westwood’s

and which is distinguished by the hind wings being several

times longer than the body, and quite linear, giving the

msect the appearance of a Nemoptera, in fact closely

resembling the Indian species of that genus, which I de-

scribed and figured in my Cabinet of Oriental Entomology,

under the name of Nemoptera filipennis. (Plate XX XLV.

fig. 6.) The insect appeared, and still appears, to me to

be related to the family Arctitde, and is mentioned under

that family in my “ Introduction” (vol. ii. p. 389).

In 1843, Mr. Edward Doubleday published a copy of

Wesmael’s figure, together with the description aud figure

of an allied Indian moth, to which he gave the name of

Thymara zoida (Zoologist, i. p. 197), the type of which

from Northern India is in the British Museum collection.

He thus describes the veins of the fore wings of this inte-

resting species : —

‘“¢ The neuration of the wings is very peculiar, especially

that of the posterior; and I am by no means certain that

in these I have given the right names to the nervures”

which are thus described (see Pl. X. fig. D. 3).

“‘Costal nervure straight, attaining the costa consider-

ably beyond the middle; subcostal nearly parallel with

the costal nervure, bent downwards beyond the middle, so

as partly to close the discoidal cell; from which portion

two nervules are thrown off to the outer margin, whilst

the third proceeds in a direct course to the costa just

before the apex; median nervure four-branched, the ner-

vules attaining the outer margin at about equal distances:

discoidal cell divided longitudinally by a false nervure

which bifurcates at its extremity, one fork striking the

discocellular curve of the subcostal, the other the median

nervure above and beyond the point where the second

nervule from the base is thrown off, thus closing the dis-

coidal cell: radial nervure replaced by a very faint, false

nervure.” :

In 1876, my attention was directed by M. Borré, the

distinguished entomologist at the head of the Entomolo-

gical Department in the Brussels Museum, to the original

type of the former genus Himantopterus, which is now

in the collection of that Museum, and I took the oppor-

tunity of carefully examining and delineating the veins

of the fore wings, my attention having been recently

directed to that subject in investigating the typical ar-

rangement of these organs in the Heterocerous Lepidop-

tera, as partly illustrated in my memoir on the Casinie,

Entomological Notes. 439

published in the “ Transactions of the Linnean Society.”

The accompanying Fig. 1 represents the arrangement

of these veins, which nearly resembles that in Mr. KE.

Doubleday’s genus. (See Fig. 3 copied from his figure.)

My opinion of the real nature of these veins differs, how-

ever, somewhat from that of Doubleday. In my view of

the subject we have a simple costal vein (1), a subcostal

vein (2), with only two branches (2a and 2b), a rudi-

mental discoidal vein (3), with its two upper and lower

discoidal veinlets (2b* and 4c*)t, a median vein (4), with

its three ordinary veinlets (4a, 4b and 4c), a sub-median

veinlet (5), and an anal vein (6). In this view the small

space indicated by + preceding the origin of the third

branch of the median vein must be regarded as composed

of portion of the third median branch and portion of the

lower discoidal veinlet united together—a condition, how-

ever, found in very many Lepidopterous wings. The

only difference between the wings of the two genera con-

sists in the upper branch of the subcostal vein (2a) arising

nearer the base of the wing in Himantopterus, which

causes the discoidal cell to be less pointed in this genus

than in Thymara.

Fig. 2 represents one of the tippets of the thorax of

Himantopterus, proving its real Lepidopterous character.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

Plate X. D.

Fig. 1. Fore wing of Himantopterus.

Fig. 2. One of the tippets of the same genus.

Fig. 3. Fore wing ot Thymara.

t{ I have elsewhere expressed the opinion that these two branches are

respectively portions of the subcostal and median systems, and hence have

lettered them thus rather than 3a and 3b.

PROCEEDINGS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON

FOR

Sie.

February 7.

Professor Wesrwoop, M.A., F.L.8., President, in the chair.

Election of a Subscriber.

William Denison Roebuck, Esq., of Leeds, Hon. Sec. of the West Riding

Consolidated Naturalists’ Society and of the Leeds Natural History Society,

was balloted for and elected a Subscriber.

‘The President nominated Messrs. J. W. Douglas, J. W. Dunning and

Henry T. Staiuton as Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year.

The President then delivered the Address, which he was prevented from

delivering at the Annual Meeting, on the progress of Entomology during

the past year, and which was ordered to be printed.

Exhibitions, de.

Mr. F. Bond (on behalf of Mr. Cooke, of Brighton) exhibited another

specimen of the North-American butterfly, Danais Archippus, taken during

the second week of September last by Mr. Alford Wood, of New Close,

Keymer, Sussex, flying over a field of clover near Hassock’s Gate. This

was the third specimen recorded as having been taken in this country; the

first having been captured near Neath on the 6th September, and the second

near Hayward’s Heath on the 17th October, 1876, and recorded in the

‘Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine’ for October, and in ‘The Entomologist’

for December, 1876.

The President brought for exhibition a specimen of the singular butterfly

Bhutanitis Lidderdalii, Atkinson, from Bhotan. He also read a letter

which he had received from Baron y. Osten-Sacken, referring to his paper

on the genus Systropus, published in the last part of the ‘ Transactions’ of

this Society, in which he had stated that a species received from Natal

‘(S. crudelis) had been bred from a cocoon resembling that of Limacodes,

found on a tree of the genus Mimosa. ‘The letter referred the President to

a paper by Benj. D. Walsh in the ‘ Proceedings of the Boston Society of

Natural History’ (vol. ix., p. 300, 1864), in which he relates that he had

bred a dipteron from a cocoon of Limacodes hyalinus. This dipteron, which

he had communicated to Baron Osten-Sacken, proved to be the common

North-American Systropus (S. macer, Loew), and was a remarkable instance

of community of habit among insects of the same genus in far distant

regions.

The President had also been informed by M. Ernest Olivier, of Moulin,

who had recently visited Pompeii, that he had observed large numbers of

Bombylit flying 1 company with a bee of which he had forwarded a speci-

men, but this proved to be an Anthophora (probably A. nigrocincta), and _

not an dAndrena, like those described in his paper in the last part of the

‘ Transactions’ (‘* Note Dipterologice,” No. 1).

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a case of a Lepidopterous larva sent by Dr. Kirk

from Zanzibar, who had found it on a species of Mimosa. He considered

it to be allied, probably, to Psyche and Oiketicus, and was remarkable on

account of its form, which bore a striking resemblance to that of a flattened

Helix. It appeared to be constructed of a substance resembling papier

maché, with a smooth whitish external coating.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited varieties of British Lepidoptera, viz.,

Chrysophanus phleas, Polyommatus Adonis, P. Alexis and Agrotis ea-

clamationts.

Dr. F. Buchanan White forwarded to the Society the following account

of a case of “ Pruritus from an Unusual Cause,” by Dr. Tilbury Fox,

extracted from the ‘ Medical Examiner’ of 21st December, 1876 :—

‘At the end of July, 1876, a gentleman resident in the Hastern Counties

noticed on the eyelid of his infant a small red speck, which on examination

with a hand-microscope proved to be a living parasite, partially imbedded

in the skin. Several days subsequently his wife was greatly annoyed by

pruritus, and her neck and chest were found studded here and there with

these little red specks, which at first sight were thought to be “ petechie,”

but turned out to be insects. ‘They could be readily extvacted with a pin.

In the attempt to discover the source whence the parasites came, a pet pug

dog was examined, and then collections of these parasites on the nose and

between the eyes—where, in fact, the hair was least thick—were discovered.

During August the little red visitors caused excessive annoyance to the

servants and everyone in the house, defying all remedial measures, though

some members of the household were very much less affected than others.

Remove them as you would, the next day a fresh supply appeared, and the

iil

insects were found on the arms of the infant as well as the face, on the back,

neck and chest, and even the nipples of the adults. A favourite long-haired

French cat was examined, because one of the family after nursing it was

greatly annoyed, and the ears were found infested. The hair fell off, leaving

bald patches where the parasites were congregated on the dog and the cat.

In the middle of August the animals were shut up, isolated, and regularly

dressed with equal parts of sulphurous acid and glycerine, and the plague

began to diminish at once. The members of the household had tried citrine

ointment, compound sulphur ointment, detergent solution of tar, &e.; but

still the nuisance continued in some degree, and a second cat was found

affected. But when all the animals were shut out of the house the mischief

did not cease. There was some doubt and difference of opinion with regard

to the exact species of the parasite. A specimen was submitted to my friend

Dr. Cobbold, and he pronounced it to be Trombidium, or garden mite,

which lives on plants. It is closely related to the true mites, the itch-insect,

the little red “spider” of hot-houses, and the well-known Leptus autwmnalis,

or “ harvest-bug.” The annoying pruritus about the legs produced by the

latter at the end of the summer, after a walk in the fields, &c., is well known

to every one; and Dr. Heiberg has lately recorded that the nuisance

assumed an epidemic form in a village in Denmark. In the present case

the pruritus was chiefly around the neck and shoulders, and several parasites

were removed from the eyelids. The plants in the garden were not examined

to see if plant-mites were very abundant there, as this exact source was not

suspected at the time. There can be little doubt, I think, that the original

source must have been certain plants in the garden; that the house pets,

who were undoubtedly first affected, were agents in the conveyance of the

main portion of the parasites to the human members of the family, but not

exclusively, the probability being that many of the people, especially after

the pet cats and dog were excluded from the house, managed to be infeeted °

directly from the original source.”

Papers read.

‘“‘ Notes on the African Saturnid@ in the Collection of the Royal Dublin

Society.” By W. F. Kirby.

“Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Phytophagous Beetles

belonging to the Family Cryptocephalida, together with Diagnoses and

Remarks on previously described Genera.” By Joseph 8. Baly, F.L.S.

“ Descriptions of new Species of Phytophagous Beetles belonging to the

Family Lumolpide, and a Monograph of the Genus Humolpus.” By Joseph

S. Baly, F.L.S., &e.

March 7, 1877.

J. W. Dunntne, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair.

Eahibitions, dc.

Mr. Douglas exhibited a specimen of the Longicorn, Monohammus sutor,

brought to him alive, having been captured in a garden in the Camden

Road. Also a melanie variety of Orthosia suspecta, taken at Dunkeld.

Mr. Hudd exhibited varieties of British Lepidoptera taken near Bristol

and in South Wales. Amongst them were Sphina ligustri, Lycana Aleais,

and Boarmia repandata, the latter a black variety.

Mr. Champion exhibited specimens of Cardiophorus rujfipes, a species

new to Britain, taken by Mr. J. Dunsmore near Paisley; also a British

example of Aphodius scrofa, from the collection of Mr. Dunsmore, who

unfortunately had no note of its locality.

The Secretary exhibited a specimen of an Isopod Crustacean, which

had been forwarded to him by Mr. J. M. Wills, Surgeon 8.8. ‘City of

Canterbury,’ who stated that it was found occasionally parasitic on the

flying fish, and generally close to the pectoral fins.

Mr. Douglas read the following extract from a letter received from

Dr. Sahlberg from Helsingfors :—

«As you have already heard, I went on an entomological excursion to

Yenisei. My plan was to meet Professor Nordenskjold at the mouth of the

river, and to return per steamer over the Kara Sea. I did not suc-

ceed, and therefore had to travel back through Siberia; still I have

brought a mass of insects with me from the extreme north of Siberia,

especially Coleoptera and Hemiptera, and now I am busy getting them into

order. The insect fauna of Arctic Siberia agrees with that of Lapland, and

I had the pleasure to find several species which I had formerly discovered

in the north of my own country; for example, among Hemiptera, Platyp-

sallus acanthioides and Bathysmatophorus Reuteri, the last being the most

frequent of the Cicadaria in the district. In the neighbourhood of the

River Yenisei, in places which are yearly flooded there were to be found

many species strange to Kurope, but not very many new.

““T have just looked through my Siberian collection of Hemiptera-

Heteroptera, and as most of these were collected in the extreme north, the

lot is rather poor, and consists of less than one hundred species, of which

fourteen were new—viz., one Aradus, one Calocoris, two Orthotylus, one

Orthops, one Pachytoma, one Anthocoris, one Acompocoris, five Salda, one

Coriva, Iam interested most in the Salda species, which were large and

fine, aud discovered in the extreme North (69°—70° 20’), in Tundra

territory (ewtra limites arborum).

“TJ have just received the commission from the Nordenskjéld Yenise;

Expedition (which consists of four naturalists, amongst whom is Philip

Trybom, an entomologist), to work at the collection of Coleoptera and

Hemiptera, which, however, is still in Siberia. I shall therefore not

publish anything until I have looked through it, although I have the

descriptions of the new species ready. Pending the appearance of Fieber’s

‘Huropean Cicadaria,’ I shall begin the Coleoptera.”

Paper read.

The Secretary read a paper by Mr. W. L. Distant, ‘‘ On the Geographical

Distribution of Danais archippus.” The author remarked on the migration

of the butterfly from North America (its original home) eastward to Europe

and the Azores and westward to the South Sea Islands and Australia, and

attributed the ‘‘ means of dispersal” to “ winds, currents, and the agency of

man.” After the reading of the paper a discussion ensued, in which

considerable doubt was expressed as to the probability of insects being

conveyed on floating timber by the agency of the Gulf Stream or other

currents,

April 4, 1877.

Professor Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the chair.

Election of Members.

Mr. George Harding, of Stapleton, Bristol; Mr. Charles Adolphus Briggs,

of 55, Lincoln’s Inn Fields; and Mr. John T. Carrington, of the Royal

Aquarium, Westminster, were balloted for and elected Ordinary Members.

Mr. E. Howard Birchall, Mr. T. D. Gibson Carmichael, Dr. Edward

Capron, and Mr. Valentine Cluse were balloted for and elected Subscribers.

Hahibitions, dc.

The Secretary exhibited a collection of fine species of Lepidoptera from

Siam (about twenty miles from Bangkok), forwarded to him by Mr. kt.

Garner, of Stoke-upon-Trent.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a specimen of Ophideres materna, a brightly-

coloured exotic species of Noetuide, given to him by Mr. R. H. Scott, of

the Meteorological (flice, with a note to the effect that it was taken at sea

in lat. 25° 24’ §., long. 62° 10’ EK. (the nearest land being the island of

Mauritius, about 360 miles distant), by Captain Raeburn, of the ship

‘ Airlie.’ The moth is a common Indian species, but is found also in Africa.

A specimen was long ago received from Brazil, and Mr. Grote had recently

noticed its occurrence in Florida. ;

Mr. M‘Lachlan also exhibited a cocoon and pupee of a species of Cetontide

(probably Diplognathus silaceus) from Cameroons, sent to Mr. Rutherford.

The cocoon appeared to be formed of dark brown earth, but attached thickly

to the exterior were oval, slightly flattened, deep black, hard bodies (each

nearly five lines long by two broad), which he thought were probably the

excrement of some rodent quadruped.

Mr. Champion exhibited Stenus Kicsenwettert (hitherto only found in this

country at Wimbledon), Gymnusa brevicollis, Bembidium nigricorne, and

Plociomerus luridus, all from Chobham; also Philonthus cicatricosus from

Shoreham.

Mr. Howard Vaughan exhibited (on behalf of Mr. Bidwell) a specimen of

Notodonta trilophus, taken about the year 1867 at Ipswich by a lamp-

lighter. Mr. Douglas had captured some years ago at St. Osyth, in Essex,

what was hitherto the only authentic British specimen of this insect.

The President read some interesting remarks from a letter he had received

from Mr. B. G. Cole respecting some specimens of Hphyra punctaria which

he had bred from eggs laid by the same female, the greater number of which

emerged from the pup in July (as the spotted variety), while the remainder

appeared in May, in all respects resembling the mother. He repeated the

experiment in 1876 with similar results; all but one pupa from a batch of

eggs laid in May appeared in July as the spotted form (males and females),

the single exception remaining still in pupa, which it was presumed would

appear during the coming May in the vernal dress. In this latter case he

had reared a second brood of larve from eggs laid by some of the July

females, all of which were now in the chrysalis state. Mr. Cole added—

“May not the above be considered a case of ‘season-dimorphism’

analogous to that occurring in Pieris, Araschnia, Selenia, &c., as investi-

gated by Dr. Weismann, a slow process of development during the winter

being necessary for the production of the May form (which may be con-

sidered the type), whilst if the development of the pupa is hastened by the

heat (and light ?) of summer, the smaller and less perfect individuals are the

result. Referring to the similar case of Selenia ilustraria, Dr. Knages

(Entom. Mo. Mag., vol. i. p. 238) remarks as follows :—‘It is pretty well

known that in the natural sequence dlustraria reproduces itself in the form

of delunaria and vice versa. But what I assert is, that whenever (whether at

large, owing to exceptionally hot or long summer seasons, or in captivity

from warmth, assisted perhaps by what Mr. Crewe has happily termed

Vil

“feeding up quickly”) the completion of the pupal stage is accelerated,

then delunaria produces delunavia, not illustraria. Further, it is my belief

that the converse will be found to hold good, viz. that should the completion

of the pupal stage be retarded either by cold seasons or climates in a state

of nature, or artificially by aid of an ice-well, illustraria, not delunaria, would

be found to result from ilustraria.’ And again (loc. cit. p- 256) he puts it

thus :—‘If I. — illustraria, D. = delunaria, and — = winter; then if

there be but one brood in the year the sequence will be 7. — 7. — TI., and

so on; if two broods, J. D. — I. D. — I. D., and so on; if three broods,

I. D. D. — I. D. D., and so on.’

“T have not yet tried the effect of artificial retardation on the pupe of

Ephyra, but intend to do so when opportunity offers. My experiment

shows that the effect of natural retardation over the winter months is to

produce the type whatever may be the form of the parents; and that such

natural retardation does usually (? always) occur in double-brooded species

I believe to be true from my experience in breeding various insects.

Remembering that the summer broods of season-dimorphic species are

smaller, and apparently vitally weaker than the spring ones, and that it is

from the former that the latter are usually descended, may we not assume

that the provision by which some few of the direct offspring of the spring

forms are preserved through the winter in the pupal state, and so are

enabled to pair with the offspring of the summer form, is of advantage to

the species, in affording a ‘ cross’ between individuals which have developed

under very different conditions? A similar benefit may be derived in the

commonly observed case of individual pup of single-brooded moths

(e.g. Hriogaster and many Notodontidé) remaining two, three, or more years

in that stage, and then eventually making their appearance at the proper

season with the ordinary flight of the species.

“As bearing on the above suggestion, I may refer to what occurs in

those single-brooded moths (Sphina Convolvuli, Acherontia Atropos, &e.),

which sometimes appear abnormally from the pupa before the winter

hybernation, or which by ‘ forcing’ have been artificially so developed. It

has been stated, I believe, in most such cases in which an anatomical

examination has been made, that the ovaries, &c., were found in an abortive

or rudimentary condition. ‘This goes to show that a long period of quiescence

is necessary to perfect these delicate and highly specialized organs, and by

a parity of reasoning it may perhaps be assumed that those pupe which

remain longest in that stage will (ceteris paribus) produce the most highly

developed and vitalized imagos.”

Papers read.

The President read “ Notes upon a Strepsipterous Insect parasitic on

an Exotic Species of Homoptera (L/pora subtilis, Walk.) trom Sarawak,”

vill

accompanied by drawings illustrating the metamorphosis. He also read

Notes on the Genus Prosopistoma, especially with regard to the species

from Madagascar described by Latreille, of which he exhibited the types.

Mr. Cameron communicated a paper on Hast Indian Tenthredinide ; and

Mr. Butler a paper on the Lepidoptera of the Amazon Valley, collected by

Dr. Trail in the years 1873—75.

Mr. Baly communicated “ Descriptions of new Species of Halticide,” and

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, “A Monograph of the Australian Species of the

Coleopterous Family Lycide@.”

Mr. Frederick Smith read “ Descriptions of new Species of the Genera

Pseudomyrma and Tetraponera belonging to the Family Myrmicide.

May 2, 1877.

J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.8., Vice-President, in the chair.

Election of Members.

Messrs. H. J. Adams, Charlestrom Adams (Chase Park, Enfield), and

J. W. Slater (2, ‘Tamworth Terrace, Hornsey Road) were balloted for and

elected Members of the Society.

Laxhibitions.

Mr. Jenner Weir exhibited a large silken cocoon from the Cape of Good

Hope, supposed to be a spider’s nest. On being opened it was found te

contain, amoung other débris, a number of skins of small spiders and remains

of the elytra of a beetle of the genus Moluris. Mr. Weir also exhibited a

spider’s nest from Montserrat.

Mr. F. Grut exhibited a large species of Chelifer from North Spain.

Sir Sidney Saunders exhibited a spider, Atypus sulzeri, taken on Hamp-

stead Heath; it was found inhabiting tubes concealed under bushes in

hedges. ‘These tubes project about four inches above the ground and

extend about ten inches beneath the surface. Mr. Jenner Weir remarked

that he had observed the same or an allied species on the South Downs.

Mr. Champion exhibited a series of Alaus Pareyssi from Thaso Island.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited specimens of Dohrnia miranda (Newm.),

a Heteromerous beetle from Tasmania; also Creophilus erythrocephalus and

forficula erythrocephala from the same region, these two last insects

having some resemblance to each other. Mr. Bates suggested that the

resemblance might possibly be accounted for by the two insects mimicking

some other species.

Papers read.

Sir Sidney Saunders communicated a paper “On the Adult Larve of

Stylopide and their Puparia,” and exhibited specimens in illustration.

Mr. H. W. Bates communicated a paper “ On Ceratorrhina quadrimacu-

lata (Fab.), and Descriptions of ‘lwo new Allied Species.” Specimens of

the new species and also of C. Morgani (Westw.) were exhibited by the

author.

Mr. Dunning urged upon authors of papers the advisability of exhibiting

specimens of the new species described in their communications in all cases

where possible.

June 6, 1877.

J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair.

Election of a Foreign Member.

M. René Oberthiir, Rennes, France, was balloted for and elected a

Foreign Member.

Exhibitions, éc.

Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited the following insects :-—

Psylla sylvicola, Leth. On birch trees, Sevenoaks, July.

» *betule, Linn. On birch trees, Dunkeld, August.

» pruni, Scop. On fir trees, Addington Hills, October.

*Psylla peregrina, Forst. On mountain ash, Perth, August.

» costalis, Flor. On larch, Edinburgh, August.

» spartiophila, Forst. On broom, Plumstead, June.

» simulans, Forst., and *P. pyricola, Farst. On pear trees, Perth

and Roslyn, August.

» erategi, Forst. On pear trees, Roslyn, August.

» *Scotti, Léw. On fir trees, Addington Hills, October.

» hippophaés, Forst. On Hippophaé rhamnoides, Folkestone, August.

Trioza urtice, Linn., T. hemotodes, Forst., and T. albiventris, Forst. On

fir trees, Addington Hills, October.

» Walkeri, Forst. On buckthorn, Dartford, October.

Aphalara polygoni, Férst. On Rumewx acetosella, Sevenoaks, July; and

on fir trees, Addington Hills, October.

Jn all sixteen species of Psyllide taken by him during the latter half of

1876, whereof four (**) are new to Britain. Mr. Douglas called attention to

the wide field the Psyllide@ offered for the discovery of new species and

observation of economy, the variety in the latter being very great, some

species rolling or deforming leaves, some exuding a waxy secretion, and

others living free. The natural history of many species is quite unknown,

and the rearing of any from the egg or larva to the perfect state was com-

mended to the attention of entomologists, especially of those who have

reared Lepidoptera, as being equally interesting with insects of that order,

and furnishing an area for investigation as yet but little occupied.

Mr. F. Grut exhibited a white downy nest from Jamaica, supposed to be

produced by some insect.

Mr. H. Goss exhibited a dark variety of Cleora glabraria.

Mr.C. O. Waterhouse exhibited a new species of dragon-fly from Borneo,

belonging to the genus Gynacantha, which he proposed to call G. plagiata.

Tt differed from all its congeners, not only in its great size, but in the

unusual colouring of the wings, which were hyaline, with the whole anterior

border as far as the stigma broadly margined with pitchy brown, and with a

large patch of the same colour, only darker, across each wing near the apex ;

this patch on the hind wings extended a little along the posterior border.

The total expanse of the wings was 64 inches; the length of the posterior

wing, 3% inches. ‘The specimen was a female.

The Secretary read a circular from Dr. Buchanan White, of Perth, asking

entomologists to assist him with specimens of Hemiptera (especially exotic),

as he was engaged in working out that order of insects.

Dr. Sharp communicated the following note :—

“At the time Dr. Leconte was engaged in working out the classification

of the Rhynchophorous series of Coleoptera, I sent to him some New Zealand

species which appeared to me to be of interest, and he has now communicated

to me his opinions on these forms. As Dr. Leconte’s highly important

memoir is now in the hands of entomologists, it is but fair that his views as

to these insects should be made known to those who are likely to find them

of assistance. ‘I have looked,’ he says, ‘ several times at the New Zealand

Rhynchophora you sent me, and find them so different from our North

_ American types that my opinion without the study of very extensive series

of genera from other countries would probably have but little value. Still

~I will say what I think will be confirmed with more comparisons. Rhadi-

nosomus is a subfamily of Curculionide of equal systematic value with

Sitonide and Alophide of my system, and indicates an affinity towards

Brenthide. Lacordaire has put it in an entirely wrong position, for the

mentum is small, the gular peduncle well developed, the maxille exposed,

and the mandibles without scar and emarginate at tip. Psepholax is not

a Cryptorhynch, as indicated by Lacordaire, but a Scolytid of the tribe

Hylurgini, as is clearly proved by the last ventral segment surrounding the

dorsal at the tip on the upper surface; the beak and antenne are also more

like Hylastes ; in fact, the genus does not differ greatly from Scierus, Lec.,

except by the front and hind tibie not being toothed. Nymetes indicates a

tribe belonging to the Anthonomine type. Pactola and Stephanorhynchus

are entirely anomalous; they seem to have the same relation to the Erirhine

and Anthonomine types that Tachygonus bears to the Cryptorhynchs and

Ceuthorhynchs. Xenocnema seems to be a new group of the tribe Hylurgini,

allied to Hylastes, but making a still nearer approach to the Cossonide

Stenoscelis. Anthribus inflatus and atomus belong to a tribe allied to

(perhaps not different from) Notioxeni.’”

Mr. Pascoe said that some of the genera mentioned were his own, or

had been treated by him, which Dr. Leconte had apparently overlooked.

Rhadinosomus, as a phanerognathous genus, he had been compelled, much

as he disliked interfering with a classification generally adopted, to remove

to a group apart, and allied, as he thought, to Rhinaria (through such

genera as Huthyphasis, Acalonoma and Ethemaia). Psepholax, too, could

be traced through certain forms (as EHmpleurus, Oreda, and others, to

Strongylopterus), connecting it with the normal Curculionide. Very little,

he thought, could be done satisfactorily without reference to large collections.

Classification, to be natural, should depend more on a comparison of forms

than on merely technical characters, which, when derived from a limited

series, were often misleading. The Rhynchophora of the United States

were of a remarkably common-place character, aud very poor apparently in

individuals.

Mr. Pascoe adds the following note:—‘“It should be mentioned that

Dr. Leconte divides the Rhynchophora into fourteen families, viz., Rhino-

maceride, Rhynchitide, Attelabide, Amycteride, Brachyceride, Byrsopide,

Otiorhynchide, Curculionidae, Brenthide, Calandride, Anthribide, Scolytide,

Apionide, and Belide@; ail of equal taxonomic value, so that the present

position of Psepholax among the Scolytide is not so great a change as

it seems to those accustomed to the less sensational classification of

Lacordaire.”

Papers read, éc.

Mr. J. W. Slater communicated a paper, ‘On the Food of Gaily-

coloured Caterpillars,” in which he attempted to show that brightly-coloured

larvee generally fed on plants which were poisonous.

Mr. M‘Lachlan stated that the bright coloration of larvee was no pro-

tection from the attacks of ichneumons. He also remarked that the larva

of Diloba ceruleocephala was found feeding sometimes on sloe and sometimes

on laurel, and raised the question whether specimens found on the latter

plant would be poisonous, and those on the former innocuous.

Xil

Mr. Meldola stated that, with regard to the chemical aspect of the question,

he believed it possible for a poisonous substace derived from a food-plant to

permeate the tissues of a caterpillar without undergoing any change. The

evidence upon which this statement rested was to be found in the fact that

the colouring matters of some plants had been found by means of the

spectroscope in the tissues of larvee which fed upon them in an unaltered

condition. If colouring matters escape the digestive processes unaltered it

is probable that organic poisons would do the same. On the other hand,

it is well known that larve feeding on non-poisonous plants may elaborate

poisons by chemico-physiological processes. The larva of Liparis aurifiua,

which feeds upon hawthorn, sloe, apple, oak, &c., and which possesses the

well-known property of “ urticating,” was adduced as an example.

Mr. M‘Lachlan remarked that it was now generally admitted that the

urticating property was due to mechanical irritation, the numerous brittle

hairs of the larva entering the skin.

Mr. Dunning and Mr. Waterhouse raised the question whether the hairs

thus penetrating the skin might not possess some poisonous quality.

Mr. Meldola further remarked that he had observed that certain dis-

tasteful species of Lepidoptera preserved their disagreeable qualities after

death, in proof of which he exhibited some butterflies found among an old

collection of Indian insects, the greater part of which had been demolished

by mites. The surviving specimens were all of protected species, viz. four

of a Huplea, one of Danais pleaippus, and one of Papilio Pammon. Huplea

and Danais were well known to be protected genera, since they serve for

models of mimetic resemblance. With regard to Papilio Pammon, Mr.

Meldola stated that in his belief it was in some way distasteful, as he had

seen it in swarms in the island of Nancowry, Nicobar Islands, in April,

1875.

Mr. M‘Lachlan stated as a contrary fact that Cantharides is particularly

subject to the attacks of beetles.

With regard to the means by which bright nao might have become

associated with poisonous qualities in a larva, Mr. Meldola reminded the

Society of the experiments of Messrs. Jenner Weir and A. G. Butler, com-

municated to them in 1869. These gentlemen had proved that brightly-

coloured, hairy and spiny caterpillars were generally distasteful, while dull

species were devoured. Mr. Wallace was of opinion that the observed

correlation between bright coloration, &c., and distastefulness was brought

about by means of Natural Selection. Mr. Meldola quoted the following

passage from Mr. Wallace’s ‘Contributions to the Theory of Natural

Selection ’:—‘‘ Distastefulness alone would, however, be of little service to

caterpillars, because their soft and juicy bodies are so delicate that if seized

and afterwards rejected by a bird they would almost certainly be killed.

Some constant and easily perceived signal was therefore necessary to serve

xiii

as a warning to birds never to touch these uneatable kinds, and a very

gaudy and conspicuous colouring, with the habit of fully exposing them-

selves to view, becomes such a signal, being in strong contrast with the

green or brown tints and retiring habits of the eatable kinds.” (See also

Proc. Ent. Soc., March 4, 1867.)

During the meeting the Rev. A. Haton stated that he had observed a

male specimen of Colias Hdusa in Dorset on June 8rd. Mr. 8. Steveus had

likewise seen six specimens near Gravesend on June 4th.

July 4, 1877.

Professor J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the

donors.

Ehibitions, éc.

Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited a living specimen of Cerambyx Heros bred

from a log of wood imported from Bosnia; also a young larva of the same

species from the same source.

Prof. Westwood exhibited a number of cases constructed by the larva of

some species of Phryganea inhabiting Southern Europe. They were com-

posed of small semi-transparent quartz-like particles, and had been described

by Swainson in 1840 as a shell belonging to the genus T’helidomus, div.

Turbineg.

Prof. Westwood also exhibited a specimen of a plant-bug (Capsid@) which

had been sent to him by Mr. Alexander Wallace, together with the leaf of

an orchis (Cattleya Aclande@), from Bahia. The leaf was covered all over —

with blisters caused by the attacks of the insect.

Mr. Jenner Weir exhibited a female specimen of Cicada montana, taken

in his presence in the New Forest by Mr. Henry Auld, who stated that he

was attracted to the spot where the insect was concealed by hearing it

stridulate.

Mr. J. W. Douglas suggested that possibly the specimen caught did

not give rise to the sound heard, but that it was produced by a male

concealed near.

Mr. Weir remarked that he had searched for the stridulating organ in

the specimen exhibited, and had found traces, although developed but

slightly in comparison with those of the male.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited two living specimens of Tillus unifasciatus,

taken near Norwood. They fly rapidly in the sunshine, and settle on

oak-palings.

X1V

Mr. J. P. Mansell Weale read notes “On Variations in Rhopalocerous

forms inhabiting South Africa.” The author, after stating that he had

travelled over most of the eastern districts of the Cape Colony, alluded

to the distribution of plants as affecting that of insects, and noticed the

apparent encroachments of the subtropical flora and insect fauna along the

south-eastern seaboard, the absence of any great barriers and the general

uniformity tending to produce close variations. He exhibited and remarked

on a large series of Papilio merope, male and female, some reared by him,

and all collected in one small wooded gully, isolated-in an open grass

country. He also exhibited male and female Nymphales xiphares (Thyestes),

the male of which is wanting in the National Collection, remarking on the

apparent imitation by the female of Amauris echeria. He next exhibited

and remarked on a series of imagines of Acrea esetria, some of the forms

of which are separated by some entomologists, and stated that all the forms

had been reared from larve collected on a single plant. He next exhibited

a series of Junonia pelasgis and archesia, showing,a very close gradation

linking the.two forms, and showed that some of the latter approached

J. amestris, although the alliance was not so evident as in J. pelasgis. He

objected to the use of the name “ species” as too freely used among plants

and insects, and suggested that it merely implied a provisionally uncertain

distinction of apparently important differences. In illustration of this,

he exhibited ‘specimens of Callosune evarne and keiskamma, two forms

hitherto held distinct, but of which the ova, larvee and pupe exhibited no

differences, although in two broods in successive years the forms appeared

separately. He also remarked on artificially produced changes in the

pupe.

Prof. Westwood stated that he had just received collections of Coleoptera

and Lepidoptera from South Africa, collected by Mr. Oates.

The Secretary read a letter from Mr. W. G. Gibson, of Dumfries, stating

that Colias edusa had made its appearance in that district during the

month of June, and suggesting that its occurrence might be accounted for

by the large importation of foreign clover.

Prof. Westwood stated that Mr. Alexander Wallace had informed him

that both Colias edusa and hyale were very common about Colchester in

June.

Prof. Westwood brought under the Society’s notice the recent accounts

of the appearance of the Colorado beetle in Ontario and near Cologne.

Mr. May handed in a copy of the Memorandum issued by the Canadian

Minister of Agriculture in relation to this insect.

Part II. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1877 was on the table.

August 1, 1877.

J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair.

Exhibitions, &éc.

Mr, Stevens exhibited specimens of Teretrius picipes (Fab.), one of the

Histerida, which he had taken on the same fence, at Norwood, on which

he had previously taken Tillus unifasciatus. He also remarked on the

appearance in his neighbourhood of a second brood of Colias edusa, several

specimens having been observed by him, all of which were males.

Mr. Smith exhibited, on behalf of Dr. Bennett, of Sydney, who was

present at the meeting, a fine pair of the beautiful and rare beetle Hupholus

Bennettii (Gestro), from Yule Island, New Guinea. It had been described

under that name in the ‘ Annali di Museo Civico di Genova,’ viii. 1876.

The Secretary exhibited a specimen of an insect which had been for-

warded to him by Mr. Bewicke Blackburn, who stated that a large field of

mangolds belonging to the Knight of Kerry, in the Island of Valentia, had

been totally destroyed by it. The specimen was examined by several of the

members, who agreed that it was the larva of a Coleopterous insect, but in

consequence of its imperfect condition it could not be determined.

Mr. Douglas, who was unable to be present at the meeting, had forwarded

to Mr, Jenner Weir a letter he had received from Mr. R. A. Ogilvie,

enclosing specimens of an insect found in great quantities in a jar of pickles

(piccalilly), They confined their attacks to the pieces of cauliflower in the

jar, which they appeared to relish, notwithstanding the vinegar, mustard,

pepper, &c.,in the pickles. The specimens had been submitted to Professor

Westwood, who replied that “ the flies were the common Drosophila cellaris,

with their curious two-horned pups; and they frequent cellars and cup-

boards, delighting in stale beer, wine, &c.” He supposed that ‘ the cauli-

flowers were more to their taste than the other things in the jar, being

more succulent and flabby.” In answer to a question put by Mr. Ogilvie,

he said that the eggs were laid in the pickle-jar, and not in the vegetables

before they were pickled.

Mr. Douglas also forwarded a letter he had received from Mr. A. H.

Swinton, of Guildford, enclosing a specimen of Myrmica ruginodis, which,

on being placed under a wine-glass, stationed itself at the rim, head down-

wards, and rapidly vibrating the abdomen, continued “an intense noise,”

resembling the spiracular piping of the Dipteron, Syritta pipiens.

Mr. Enock remarked, with reference to a spider which had been exhibited

by Sir Sidney Saunders at a previous meeting as Atypus Sulzeri, that he

had taken the specimen himself at Hampstead, and that he had since

yeferred it to the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, who stated that the insect

Xvi

was certainly not A. Sulzert, but that he considered it to be A. Becki

(Cambridge), which would probably be found to be the same as A. piceus

(Thorell), though he was not certain, as the only female which he had of

that species was too much damaged to admit of any satisfactory comparison.

The type of A. Beckii was an adult male given to him by the late Richard

Beck, who was uncertain of the locality, though Mr. Cambridge appeared to

think it probable that he had got it from Hampstead, as he often collected

there. The example sent to him by Mr. Hnock was different from the Isle

of Wight species, of which he had several female specimens, but no males,

though he believed them to be A. Sulzeri. He would be very glad if

collectors in the Hampstead locality would look out for the males in the

autumn and winter, as if he could obtain that sex it would enable him to

put the question, as to species, at rest.

Mr. Enock exhibited a bottle containing a great number of larve of

Cossus ligniperda, which he had found in a portion of a small willow. He

had taken fifty-six larvee out of a piece of wood four feet long.

Mr. Dunning again directed the attention of members to the exhibition

by Mr. Jenner Weir, at the last meeting, of a female specimen of Cicada

montana, which was reported to have been distinctly heard to stridulate,

notwithstanding that the imsect was a female, and also that the species

was one of which even the males were not previously known to stridulate.

Mr. Weir stated that since the last meeting he had again been to the New

Forest, and had seen, in the possession of Mr. James Gulliver, of Ramnor,

near Brockenhurst, two specimens of Cicada montana, and he was assured

by Mr. Gulliver that the stridulation of the insect was well known to him,

and that he was guided by the sound so made in effecting the capture.

Mr. Champion said that he himself had captured the insect, and had distinctly

heard a loud noise, but whether the sound was caused by the males or

females he could not say. Mr. Dunning considered that further evidence

was wanting to prove stridulation in the females.

Papers read.

A paper was read by Mr. W. F. Kirby, entitled “ Notes on the new or

rare Sphingide in the Museum of the Royal Dublin Society; with remarks

on Mr. Butler’s recent Revision of the Family.”

Papers were also communicated, by Mr. J. 8. Baly, on ‘“ Deseriptions

of new Genera and Species of Cryptocephalide,” and by the Rev. H. 8.

Gorham-—“ Descriptions of new Species of Cleride.”

XVil

September 5, 1877.

Professor J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors.

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited, on behalf of Mr. G. A. James Rothney, a fine

collection of Hymenoptera, collected in the neighbourhood of Calcutta

during the past season. The majority of the species belonged to the

fossorial division; among them were several fine species of Sphegid@ and

Bembicide. In the collection were several new species of the genus Cerceris,

also a few new species of Apida, the whole series being in the finest possible

condition.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited drawings (with details) of the extraordinary

insect from Java, described by Wesmael in 1836, under the name of

Himanopterus fuscinervis, as pertaining to the Lepidoptera. The insect

remaius to this day unique in the collection of the Brussels Museum. In

1866 Dr. Hagen transferred Himanopterus to the Neuroptera as a sub-

genus of Nemoptera. No palpi nor legs existed in the insect when first

described, but from the neuration, general form, nature of the clothing, &c.,

Mr. M‘Lachlan is quite certain it has nothing to do with Nemoptera, and is

truly lepidopterous, allied to the North Indian insect described and figured

by E. Doubleday as Thymara zoida.

Prof. Westwood stated that in 1876 he had also studied the type, and

made drawings and agreed as to its position near Thymara.

Mr. M‘Lachlan also exhibited leaves of a large species of Acer from trees

growing in the grounds of Mons. van Volxen, at Lacken, near Brussels.

These trees were many of them fifty feet in height, and almost each leaf

had one or more large white blotches on it, being the mines of a small

sawfly described by Kaltenbach as Phyllotoma aceris, a species occurring in

England on the wild Acer campestre. The insect only first appeared in

M. van Volxen’s grounds last year, and was now in such extraordinary

profusion that the flattened discs formed by the larvee when full fed made

quite a pattering noise as they fell from the trees. Unless the insect

should disappear as rapidly as it came, there is every possibility that

the combined attacks of the myriads of larve may seriously damage the

trees.

Prof. Westwood exhibited specimens of two minute hymenopterous insects

from Ceylon, closely allied to Mymar pulchellus, a British species.

Prof. Westwood also exhibited the two sexes of Narycius (Cyphonocephalus)

smaragdulus, sent to him by Mr. James Wood-Mason, having been taken in

XVill

the Nielgherries. One of the males exhibited was of a purple colour. The

insect had remained almost unique since first described by Prof. Westwood,

in 1842, in his ‘ Arcana Entomologica’ (vol. i., p. 115).

Mr. J. Wood-Mason exhibited the two sexes of Phyllothelys Westwoodi,

one of the remarkable species of Mantid@, as to which he had observed and

pointed out (in Proc. As. Soc. Beng., August, 1876, and in Ann. and Mag.

Nat. Hist., 1876) that the females are distinguished by the presence either

of a well-developed foliaceous frontal horn (as in Phyllocrania) or of a great

vertical cephalic cone (as in Blepharis or Gongylus) from the males, wherem

these processes are represented by mere rudiments; and stated that a pair

of Hestias Brunneriana, another of the species in which this interesting

and novel kind of distinction between the sexes had been observed, was in

the collection of the British Museum, under the MS. name of Oaypilus

pictipes. The latter appeared to be a species common in collections; but

of the former he had hitherto seen but five specimens—three females (one

a nymph) and two males—all, even the nymph, exhibiting the sexual

differences referred to equally and perfectly. The specimens exhibited

were, the male from Upper Tenasserim, and the female from Sibsagar, in

Assam.

Mr. Mason next exhibited a beautifully executed drawing of the great

stridulating spider from Assam, Mygale stridulans, in a stridulating attitude.

This sketch was by Mr. 8. EH. Peal, who had likewise furnished Mr. Mason

with a detailed description of the habits of the creature.

Mr. Mason further announced the discovery of stridulating organs in scor-

pions. While recently working at the anatomy of a species allied to S. afer,

he had met with structures which, from his familiarity with the analogous

ones in other Arthropods, crustaceans as well as insects, he had at once

without hesitation determined to be sound-producing apparatus—even before

he had found that sounds could be produced by them artificially by rubbing the

parts together or accidentally in the mere handling of alcoholic specimens.

He had, however, been enabled to place the matter beyond all doubt; for

while at Bombay, waiting for the steamer, he had obtained, by a happy

chance from some Hindustani conjurors, two large living scorpions belonging

to another species of the same type; these, when fixed face to face on a

light metal table and goaded into fury, at once commenced to beat the air

with their palps and simultaneously to emit sounds, which were most

distinctly audible, not only to himself, but also to the bystanders, above the

clatter made by the animals in their efforts to get free, and which resembled

the noise produced by continuously scraping a piece of silk-woven fabric, or,

better still, a stiff tooth-brush with one’s finger-nails. The species—a gigantic

one from the Upper Godaveri district—in which he had first observed

stridulating organs had these organs more highly developed than in the one

experimented upon at Bombay, and must stridulate far more loudly, for by

x1x

artificially rubbing the parts together in a dead alcoholic specimen he could

produce a sound almost as loud as, and very closely similar to, that made

by briskly and continuously drawing the tip of the index-finger backwards

and forwards, in a direction transverse to its coarse ridges, over the ends of

the teeth of a very fine-toothed comb. The apparatus, which, as in the

Mygale, is developed on each side of the body, was situated—the scraper

upon the flat outer face of the basal joint of the palp-fingers; the rasp on

the equally flat and produced inner face of the corresponding joint of the

first pair of legs. On separating these appendages from one another,

a slightly raised and well-defined large oval area of lighter coloration than

the surrounding chitine was to be seen at the very base of the basal joint

of each; these areze constituted respectively the scraper and the rasp; the

former was tolerably thickly but regularly beset with stout, conical, sharp

spinules curved like a tiger’s canine, only more towards the points, some of

which terminate in a long limp hair; the latter crowdedly studded with

minute tubercles shaped like the tops of mushrooms. He had met with no -

stridulating organs in this position in any scorpions besides S. Afer and its

allies; but in searching for them in other groups he had come to the

conclusion that the very peculiar armature of the trenchant edges of the

palp-fingers in all the Androctonoide, and in some at any rate of the

Pandinoide (no Telegonoide nor Vejovoide had yet been examined), was

nothing but a modification for the same purpose, for the movable finger of

this pair of appendages when in the closest relation of apposition to its

immovable fellow could most easily be made to grate upon it from side to

side so as to produce a most distinct crepitating sound; but when separated

from it ever so little appeared to be incapable of the slightest lateral

movement. It was his intention on his return to India to endeavour

to determine this question, as well as many others relative to the

species in which the presence of sound-producing apparatus had now

been demonstrated by careful observation and experiment upon living

animals.

Mr. Mason finally handed to Prof. Westwood for identification the larva

of some homopterous insect with what appeared to be a lepidopterous case-

bearing larva attached to its last segment by a tough semi-transparent cord.

The specimens were from Bangalore.

Mr. Wormald exhibited, on behalf of Mr, Pryer, a small collection of

Chinese Lepidoptera.

Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited some rare beetles from Aviemore,

Inverness-shire ; among them was Pachyta sex-maculata, a Longicorn new

to Britain.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir mentioned a case of parthenogenesis in Lasiocampa

quercus, which had recently come under his notice.

The President read the following letter from Herr A. W. B. Grevelink,

of the Hague, relating to the insects which attack the cocoa-nut trees in

the West Indies :—

** At Barbadoes the cocoa-nut trees were all destroyed by the Aleyrodes

cocois, which afterwards, according to Sir Robert Schomburgh, extended its

ravages over Antigua, Nevis, St. Christopher’s, and other islands, from

which I infer that it did the same in Martinique, as that island lies in the

same line with the rest. The year or years, however, in which all this

happened I have never been able to make out, and all that I can gather on

this point, from the ‘ History of Barbadoes,’ is that the said trees had been

planted after the hurricane of 1831, and that they had attained to maturity

when the insect first showed itself, which, as regards the new plantations,

cannot well have been earlier than 1837.

« Now it so happened that in March of the same year, whilst serving as

Lieutenant on board H.M. Brig ‘ Echo,’ then stationed in the West Indies,

I assisted in carrying over from St. Pierre, Martinique, to Curagao a con-

siderable number of the nopal-plant (Cactus coccinillifera), peopled, of course,

by the cochineal insect; and as it was not many months afterwards that, in

the last-named island, the cocoa-nut trees on some of the estates began to

show symptoms of being affected as if by blight, which on examination was

pronounced to be caused by an insect of the Coccide or Coccus genus,

many persons there have ever since held the opinion that it was troduced

at the same time with the cochineal from Martinique, which opinion was

not a little strengthened when, in 1839, tidings from that island stated that

all the cocoa-nut trees there had been destroyed by an insect (name not

mentioned), but which, all things considered, I have not the least doubt

was the same species which ruined the cocoa-nut trees at Barbadoes.

“After making a voyage to Hurope, I arrived again at Curagao in the

beginning of September, 1888, where I took charge of the estate St, Joris,

belonging to my family, on which were about two thousand cocoa-nut trees,

the greater part of which were then already in a sickly condition, caused

evidently by a microscopic insect which covered every part of the crown and

extended also deep down into the heart of the tree, though outwardly the

stem remained free from them. I applied every means that could tend to

arrest their progress, in which I persevered during several months, but

without any perceptible effect, for the fronds turned yellow and dropped to

the ground as before. Trees which when I arrived were still healthy

successively caught the infection, their leaves withered, and after they, as

well as the fruit-stalks, had all dropped, down came also the centre of the

crown, when nothing remained but the lifeless trunk, a useless encumbrance

to the soil, as the wood is fit for nothing—not even for fuel. On all the

other estates they had the same story to relate, and at the end of the year

1839 not one of those noble palm trees remained alive, which, to the number

of 20,000, had graced this barren island only a year before.

XX1

“As for the appearance of the insect which caused this calamity, I can

only say that, like other larve of Aleyrodes, it was not even so big as the

head of the smallest pin in common use, and was of nearly circular outline,

but quite flat, and as thin as the finest paper. It never moved that I could

see, and seemed as if glued to the leaf, on which myriads of them were

huddled together.

“ Having thus been an eye-witness in the case, you may judge of my

astonishment when, only last year, I was informed here at the Hague by a

professional entomologist of some repute, that from the communication of

a friend of his who visited Curagao many years after the above-mentioned

occurrence, he felt convinced that the cocoa-nut trees in that island have

been destroyed by the caterpillar of a nocturnal lepidopteron. This absurd

notion I have not been able to dispel, not even by producing extracts from

the colonial newspaper, because, said he, although it appears therefrom

that the colonists hold the same opinion as I do, yet the question remained

whether that opinion is the right one. In reply, I can only say that

I never expected an entomologist to believe on mere hearsay that any

butterfly will soar to a height of sixty to eighty feet above the ground to

lay its eggs in trees which have so little to attract them as those of the

order Palme, whose leaves, from their texture, are unfit to serve as food

for the larvee of Lepidoptera.

“ Passing from this subject to that of the destruction of the cocoa-nut

trees in the coast regions of Guiana, here in Holland it seems nobody ever

heard of those trees suffering from insects in Surinam. I beg to refer to

Mr. Russell’s report on the Aleyrodes, as well as on the beetle, which, long

before the arrival of the first-mentioned insect, about three or four years

ago, used to spoil the said trees in those districts, and which report must

have reached you long since, as it was read at one of the monthly meetings

of the Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society in Demerara, and

printed in the ‘ Royal Gazette’ (George Town, British Guiana), of the

4th March, 1876.

“From that paper, I see, Mr. Russell says his friend Dr. Whitlock calls

the beetle Passalus tridens, which, so far as I know, may be very correct,

though, judging from the appearance of one I saw in the museum at

Leyden, I should not have thought it capable of boring holes which have

been compared by Mr. Russell to those made by means of an augur. Among

the eight species of Passalus enumerated by Dr. Dalton, in his ‘ History of

British Guiana, I do not find this one; but, of course, that is no reason

why it should not be found there, as the author himself does not pretend to

give a complete list of insects. I was lucky enough to have the opportunity

of inspecting a couple of beetles, which were caught on the estate of a

respected friend of mine, the Hon. A. D. van der Yon Netscher, formerly a

landed proprietor in Demerara, and member of the Council there. They

XX11

were trapped by one of his coolies while in the act of burrowing in the

ground for the evident purpose of finding their way through a hole in the

rhizome up to the top of the tree, in order, by the attacks of their larve, to

destroy it; the whole according to the manner described by Mr. Russell,

whose very interesting account is fully corroborated by Mr. Netscher’s, who

has very obligingly drawn it up from his own experience, at my request.

The beetles are a male and female, well known in the country as belonging

to the real destroyers of cocoa-nut trees, and from their very prominent

features, easily recognizable as answering in every point—the male to the

description of the Scarabeus aloé, the other, or female, to that of the

S.alveus in Dr. Voet’s ‘Catalogus Systematicus Coleopterorum,’ both

insects being stated to belong to Surinam. Let me add that, from their

hirsute aspect, they look a by no means very amiable couple.”

The Secretary exhibited a Longicorn beetle which had been sent from

Birkenhead by Mr. David Henderson. It had been captured on the wing

in that town, having probably flown from a ship in the river.

Paper read.

Mr. J. W. Slater read a paper entitled “Vivarium Notes on some

common Coleoptera.”

October 3, 1877.

Professor J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors.

Exhibitions, éc.

Mr. W. L. Distant exhibited a specimen of the ravages of Dermestes

vulpinus (Fab.) in a cargo of dried hides from China. On the arrival of

the hides in this country they were found to be infested and gnawed into

holes by swarms of the insect in their different stages, causing a damage

of from fifteen to twenty per cent. on the value of the cargo. It is not

unusual to see this well-known insect amongst these articles, but quite

unprecedented to find it in such numbers and causing such an amount of

damage. In fact, its appearance had quite paralyzed the importation of the

hides, and gave further proof of the value of Economic Entomology in

the arts and manufactures.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a portion of a wooden case containing hides

from Shanghai, which was riddled with borings of the larvee of this beetle.

Prof. Westwood remarked that some years ago the attention of the

Society was drawn to the depredations of this beetle in a cargo of cork.

X Xi

Prof. Westwood exhibited drawings of the pupa of a trichopterous insect

(Anabolia nervosa), which swam about in water like a Notonecta, but used

its middle legs as swimming apparatus. Prof. Westwood also made

‘remarks upon the structure and situation of the mouth organs of the

pup of Trichoptera, and stated that the mandibles of the pups were

unlike those of the larva, while these organs were quite aborted in the

imago. ‘The Professor suggested that the mandibles of the pupa were for

the purpose of enabling the insect to eat its way out of the case in which it

had undergone its transformation, and in which, after cementing down the

mouth, it was obliged to turn itself completely round, so as to escape at

the opposite free extremity.

Mr. M‘Lachlan confirmed this view of the function of the mandibles of

the pup.

The President next exhibited a small lepidopterous insect from Lake

Nyassa, apparently a species of Psyche, which had been sent in a paper

packet with a pupa-case of a Tachina, from which it was stated that the

moth had been produced. Prof. Westwood was inclined to believe that

the larva of the moth might have simply made use of the empty pupa-case

to undergo its transformation in.

Prof. Westwood read a post-card from Mr. Albert Miiller announcing the

formation of an entomological station at Basle.

The President then referred to the lepidopterous larva attached to a

specimen of the homopterous Hurybrachys spinosa, which had been handed

over to him by Mr. Wood-Mason at the last meeting, and exhibited drawings

of both insects, the former being evidently identical with the species formerly

described as being parasitic upon Fulyora candelaria (Trans. Ent. Soe.

1876, p. 519). In the absence of direct observation, the President was

inclined to believe that the relation of the lepidopterous larva to the

Homopteron was one of true parasitism, the former insect feeding on the

waxy secretion of the latter, it being well known that certain lepidopterous

larvee of the genus Galleria feed upon wax.

Mr. Wood-Mason stated that the interesting specimen which he had

handed to Prof. Westwood at the last meeting consisted of a lepidopterous

larva clinging by its anal pair of prolegs to the free extremity of a stout,

tough, flaccid cord, which was firmly fastened to the dorsal surface of the

abdomen of the Homopteron. ‘The specimens were captured in August or

September, 1876, at Bangalore, South India, by Mr. G. Nevill. The

caterpillar was closely allied to Hpipyrops (West.). The cord to which it

was clinging, Mr. Mason considered to be the wet and matted remains of a

case or sac, from the imperfectly closed aboral or free end of which the

caterpillar had suddenly withdrawn itself (the case-bearers, as well known,

readily being able to turn in their cases) on immersion in alcohol, and on

which its anal pair of prolegs had closed in their death-grasp. ‘The end of

XXIV

the cord fastened firmly to the back of the Homopteron being the oral or

attached end of that case; i.¢., the end by which the case-bearers fasten

themselves when at rest to the twigs and branches of the plants on which

they live, the attachment being quite as firm, or even firmer, thau that

of the present specimens. Mr. Wood-Mason’s view of the nature of the rela-

tion of the caterpillar to the Homopteron in all these cases had always been

that the former is the messmate of the latter rather than its parasite, merely

making use of it as a vehicle whereon to reach its vegetable food, just as in the

curious case recently brought to notice by Fritz Muller (‘ Nature,’ vol. xv.,

p- 264), and employing—as Colonel Godwin-Austen’s valuable note on the

specimen found by him on Aphena, sp., and his own examination of that

specimen in its cocoon seemed conclusively to prove—some of its messmate’s

wax to cover its body (and in some instances for the construction of a case),

in order probably to render itself less conspicuous to its enemies (Ichneu-

monida, Tachinidae, &c.) than it would be as a naked, fleshy, yellowish grub

upon the white wax-covered surface of its messmate’s body. He had opened

the flattened squarish cocoon constructed by Col. Austen’s specimen, and

found the body of the enclosed caterpillar still clothed thickly on its upper

surface with the satiny asbestos-like waxy substance secreted by its mess-

mate. This specimen was probably identical with Professor Westwood’s

Epipyrops, while the one from Bangalore represented a different but closely-

allied form, distinguished in the larval condition by the presence of a

well-developed case, which may or may not have been rendered less

conspicuous by a covering of wax borrowed from its homopterous ‘ chum.”

With reference to the firmness of the attachment of the cord to the back

of the Homopteron, Mr. Jenner Weir reminded the Society that the larvee

of Psyche were always most firmly fixed, and Mr. M‘Lachlan stated that

the larve of Phryganea glued down their cases with great firmness under

water.

Mr. W. L. Distant raised the question as to whether the Homopteron

frequented the plants on which the caterpillar fed or whether the latter

was omnivorous.

Prof. Westwood also mentioned a small dingy moth from Brazil, of

which numbers had been found upon the Three-fingered Sloth, Bradypus

tridactylus.

Mr. Meldola exhibited a collection of Lepidoptera, from Ceylon and

the Nicobar Islands, formed by him in 1875. Among them were a few

species new to science. The collection had recently been worked out by

Mr. F. Moore.

Mr. H. Goss exhibited a series of specimens of Lycena (Cupido) Arion,

taken in the Cotswolds in June, 1877. One-third of the specimens

exhibited were far below the average size, the remainder being of the

normal size. Both forms were taken flying together at the same time of

XXV

the year and in the same locality. Mr. Goss stated that according to his

experience these dwarf specimens did not occur in the same proportion in

other parts of the country where the species was taken. The specimens he

had obtained in Devonshire and Northamptonshire were, as a rule, of the

‘average size.

The Secretary stated that the Longicorn beetle exhibited at the last

meeting, which had been sent from Birkenhead by Mr. David Henderson,

had been identified by Mr. C. 0. Waterhouse as Monohammus titillatus

(Fab.), a species inhabiting the United States,

Papers read.

“On Notiothawma Reedi, a remarkable new Genus and Species of

Neuroptera from Chili, pertaining to the Family Panorpide,’ by

R. M‘Lachlan, F.R.S., &e.

“On the Lepidoptera of the Family Lithosiide in the Collection of the

British Museum,” by Arthur G. Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e.

November 7th, 1877.

Professor J. O. Wrstwoop, M.A., F'.L.S., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors.

Exhibitions, éc.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited ten of the thirteen species of Lepidoptera

collected by Captain Feilden and Mr. Hart in Grinnell Land, between the

parallels of 78° and 83°N. lat., during the recent Arctic Expedition. They

consisted of Colias Hecla, Lef., var.; Argynnis polaris, Bdy.; A. Chariclea,

Schnd., many vars.; Chrysophanus phl@as, Linn., var.; Lycena Aquilo,

Bdy.; Dasychira Grenlandica, Wocke; Mamestra? n. sp.; Plusia parilis,

Hiibn. : Psycophora Sabini, Curt.; and Scoparia, n. sp. He entered into

some details respecting the insects generally of this high northern region

and their habits, in anticipation of his extended Report to be read at the

next meeting of the Linnean Society.

The Rey. A. E. Eaton remarked, with regard to Arctic insects, that he

was disposed to consider that their transformations may sometimes be

protracted through two or more summers. He adduced some apparently

analogous phases in respect of plant life in Spitzbergen, where he had

noticed, in June, plants seemingly upon the point of flowering, which had

evidently remained in that state under the snow since the previous autumn.

He said that in the islands referred to insects are not altogether indifferent

XXV1

to the approach of midnight, although the diurnal variation of light does not,

in July, equal in intensity the difference between rural sunshine in this

country and the light which passes for daylight in London when the sky is

slightly overcast. He mentioned, in conclusion, that no Bombus has been

hitherto found in Spitzbergen, and that Pedicularis hirsuta appeared to be

unvisited by insects in that archipelago.

In reply to a question from the President as to the habits of the Arctic

Culex, the Rev. A. E. Eaton remarked that when in Spitzbergen he had

suffered much from the attacks of this insect, which had the habits of a

true mosquito.

Mr. Meldola exhibited a five-winged specimen of Gonepterya rhamni,

caught near Brandon, Norfolk, in August, 1873, by Mr. John Woodgate.

He also exhibited a gynandromorphic specimen of Pieris brassice, taken

near Thame, Oxfordshire, by Mr. J. B. Watson, in August, 1877. In this

last specimen the right fore and hind wings were female and the left male;

the right antenna was also longer than the left. |

Mr. H. Goss exhibited an hermaphrodite specimen of Gonepterya rhamni,

caught in Abbot’s Wood, Sussex. He stated that he believed the specimen

to be what Ochsenheimer called a “ perfect hermaphrodite,” the whole of

the right side, both in characters and organs, being female and the whole

of the left side male. Mr. Goss remarked that from the recorded instances

of hermaphroditism among the Lepidoptera it appeared that it was more

common for the left side to belong to the female sex, and that in fourteen

out of twenty-three instances of perfect hermaphrodites cited by Bur-

meister this was stated to be the case, and only in nine instances out

of the twenty-three did the female characters and organs appear on the

right side.

Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited the following insects :—

1. An example of Polyphylla Fullo, Linn., which flew on to a steam

vessel at Antwerp in August, and was thus brought to London.

2. A specimen of Tettigometra impressopunctata, Duf. (a rare species,

and the only representative of the genus in Britain), which was taken

casually, on October Ist, at Sanderstead Downs, this being the fourth

recorded locality im this country.

3. An example of Typhlocyba debilis, Doug., taken at the same time and

place as the last-mentioned; also 7. tenerrima, H.-Schf., its nearest ally,

to show the difference of the species.

Mr. W. C. Boyd exhibited a larva of Pieris rape, which had been

attacked by Microgaster. (See Proc. Ent. Soc., July 5th, 1875, and

December 6th, 1876.)

Prof. Westwood read notes on new exotic lamellicorn Coleoptera, and

exhibited specimens of Calomelopus Nyasse and Amblyodus Nicarague,

also drawings of these beetles and of Valgus furcifer, Sumatra; Nicagus

XXVil

obscurus, North America; Cyclidius velutinus; Cremastocheilus crassipes,

California; and Pantodinus Klugii, Guatemala.

Prof. Westwood called the attention of the Society to a letter in ‘ Nature’

(Nov. Ist, 1877, p. 11), from Mr, J. Saville Kent, @ propos of Mr. Wood-

Mason's discovery of stridulating appayatus in scorpions, announced to the

Society at the September meeting, and from which letter the following is an

extract :—

“The Crustacean in question, which I have ascertained to possess

sound-producing properties to an eminent degree, is a species of Spheroma,

belonging to the isopodous order of the class. I have not as yet ascertained

the exact method in which sound is produced, nor whether the animal has

organs specially adapted for the purpose: on numerous occasions, however,

my attention has been attracted to the glass jar of which, with the exceptiou

of microscopic Copepods and Protozoa, a single specimen of the species is

the sole animal occupant,. by a little sharp tapping sound produced three or

four times consecutively, with intervals of about one second’s duration, and

which I can almost exactly imitate by gently striking the side of the jar

with the pointed end of a pipette. On being approached the little creature

always endeayours to elude notice by passing to the opposite side of the stalk

of sea-weed upon which it usually reposes, in the same way that a squirrel

dodges round the branch of a tree; and on no occasion, so far, have I been

able to catch the little fellow flagrante delicto, or in the act of producing

the sound which it most undoubtedly emits. The character and intensity

of the sound produced, associated with the small size of the animal,

scarcely one quarter of an inch in length, induces me to believe that it

is caused by the sudden flexion and extension of the creature’s body.”

Mr. Kent also mentions the snapping sound produced by Alpheus ruber

and the “shrill squeaking sound” emitted by the large sea crayfish

(Palinurus quadricornis) when handled, this sound being produced “ by the

rubbing together of the spinous abdominal segments.”

Mr. Wood-Mason remarked that structures in Crustacea, some of which

certainly, and all of which probably, are for the production of sounds, were

first brought to notice by Hoffmann,—in V. der Decken’s ‘ Reisen in Ost-

Africa (Crustaceen)’—but had been independently observed by himself in a

number of species during his dredging excursion to the Andaman Islands

in 1872. They were paired organs, as in Scorpions, the Mygale, and the

Phasma to be brought to notice that night—that is to say, organs working

perfectly independently of each other were on each side of the body. In

some forms (I.) they were seated partly on the body (carapace) and partly

on a pair of appendages ; of these some (a) had the seraper on the body and

the rasp on the appendages—e. ¢., Matuta, in which the organs are developed

in both sexes; and others (b) bad the rasp on the body and the seraper on

the appendages—e. g., J/acrophthalmus et affinia, in which the scraper was

XXV1l1

formed by a sharp-edged lamellar projection on the meropodite of each of

the chelipeds, and the rasp was the crenulated infraorbital margin: in

these the apparatus could only be developed in the males, the females

having short and small and quite inconspicuous chelipeds, which hardly

reached so far as to the margins of the orbits. In others (II.) they were

seated wholly on the appendages; in the males of the species of Ocypode

the rasp was on one and the scraper on another part of the same appendage ;

in those of Platyonychus bipustulosus the rasps were on one and the scrapers

on another pair of appendages: the walking-legs of the second pair were

here very long and robust, and their third joimt (meropodite) had its upper

margin produced upwards at apex into a sharp crest (the scraper); both

Dana and Milne-Edwards had noticed the remarkable length and structure

of this pair of legs, but the former alone had mentioned, in his description

of the species, the regular transverse plication of the under surface of the

propodite of the chelipeds, which constituted without doubt the rasp. The

above did not pretend to be a complete account of stridulating apparatus

in Crustacea; but separated as he at present was from notes, drawings, and

specimens he could not go into greater detail. The cases of Macrophthalmus

and of Platyonychus had not, he believed, been previously recorded. In the

forms alluded to by Mr. Kent no special sound-producing apparatus seemed

to be developed. Everybody who had searched for animals on coral-reefs

or had dredged in tropical seas was familiar with the “clicking” sounds

emitted by the Alphei and their allies. The sounds which here always

accompanied so sudden an opening of their claws to their fullest extent that

dislocation seemed imminent each time, might be caused either by the im-

pact of the dactylopodite upon the joint to which it is articulated or by the

forcible withdrawal of the huge stopper-like tooth of the dactylopodite from

its pit in the immovable arm of the claw; in which latter case the noises

might be susceptible, mutatis mutandis, of the same physical explanation

as that produced by the withdrawal of a tightly-packed piston from a cylinder

closed at one end. ‘These were the explanations that occurred to him while

watching a small species that lived in force amidst the branches of the

zoophytes called Spongodes, the masses of which crackled all over when

brought to the surface. ‘The sounds in this case resembled very closely those

made when sparks were taken by the knuckles from the prime-conductor

of a small electrical machine. The sounds emitted by the Spheromid

might possibly be produced by the impact of the terga of the posterior

somites upon one another at the end of each movement of extension.

Mr. Wood-Mason then announced the discovery of stridulating organs in

Phasmide@, in a species of Pterinoxylus, and in illustration of his remarks

exhibited an impression of Westwood’s plate of Serville’s species, P. diffor-

mipes. Here, as in Crustacea and some other Arthropods, an apparatus

working perfectly independently of its fellow was developed on each side of

XX1x

the body. The rough prominent basal portion of the costal nervure of the

wings formed the rasp, in connection with which was developed a large oval

“speculum,” “ tale-like spot,” or “ mirror.” The rasps were scraped by the

sharp and hard front edges of the tegmina, the dome-like form of which

seemed admirably adapted and probably did, to some extent, serve to

increase the sound by resonance. In Serville’s species, according to

Westwood’s figure, the stridulating apparatus appeared to be more highly

developed, the “mirror” being more distinct and the tegminal cavities

much more spacious. ‘The males of the Plerinowyli were unknown. We

had here another case in which functional stridulating organs are present

in females. The only other insects known to him in which stridulating

organs were seated partly on the wings and partly on the tegmina were the

orthopterous Uidipoda, which, according to Scudder (Amer. Nat., 11. 1138),

stridulate during flight, in connection with which fact it was interesting to

observe that the female Pterinowyli, though incapable of flight, needed to

expand their organs of flight in order to bring their similarly situated

apparatus into play.

Professor Westwood mentioned the formation of a ‘Channel Islands’

Museum and Institute of Pisciculture Society” in Jersey.

The President also brought under the notice of the Society a recently-

published paper by Dr. Anderson (Proc. As. Soc. Beng., Aug. 1877), con-

taining an account of Gongylus gongylodes, Linn., a remarkable Indian

Mantis, the pupa of which is stated to resemble a flower, both in colour,

marking, form, and attitude, this resemblance being, it is suggested, for the

purpose of attracting insects on which the pupal Mantis feeds.

Mr. Wood-Mason stated that the remarkable form and coloration of

Gongylus gongylodes, and of other species of Mantide, had been known

to him for years, but had remained an inexplicable puzzle till December,

1875, when his valued and talented correspondent, Mr. 8. E. Peal, of Assam,

informed him that he had just captured “a little rose-pink Mantis that

simulates a blossom beautifully ;” and six months later a second ‘ beautifully

white (wax-white) and larger than the previous pink one.” On examination

these specimens proved to be larve of Hymenopus bicornis of Serville, an

insect of great rarity, and only up to that time recorded from Java. ‘The

species had the thighs of the four posterior legs expanded into broad pear-

shaped plates; so that when scated on a twig with thorax and abdomen

raised at right angles to one another, with the fore-legs drawn out of sight

under the thorax, and with the four expanded thighs of the rest of the legs

spread out two on each side, the “feet” of all these legs being brought to

one spot, in form as well as in colour it must present a most perfect and

deceptive resemblance to a flower. Here form conspired with colour in a

most inimitable manner to produce the deception. ‘The principal reason

why this observation of Mr. Peal’s was not published long ayo was that

XXX

there was no evidence that insects were attracted to the coloured Mantises

as insects to flowers, for if this were not so the resemblance was meaning-

less; but the evidence required having been published by Mr. Wallace in

the September number of ‘ Macmillan’s Magazine,’ he had come prepared

to make known Mr. Peal’s and his own observations, little expecting that

reference would be made to the same subject from the chair. According to

Mr. Wallace, a small Mantis which exactly resembled a pink Orchis-flower

was shown to Sir Charles Dilke in Java. This species was not only said to

attract insects, but even the kind of insects (butterflies) which it allures and

devours was mentioned.

Mr. Wood-Mason, in reply to a question of the President, stated that

Schizocephala bicornis, a species remarkable for its enormously elongated

and filiform legs and body, was really another case of the same offensive (as

opposed to the purely defensive resemblance of, for example, the Phasmide)

resemblance. It lived on tall grasses (Saccharum spontaneum—wild sugar),

to which in course of time it had gradually become perfectly assimilated in

form as well as in colour; and in the adult condition was fully thirty times

as long as broad, but when it quitted the egg the length of the body, in pro-

portion to its greatest breadth, was only as about fifteen to one; from which

fact in its development we might with confidence infer that the species

is descended from some shorter and stouter form; that this could only

have differed by characters of the most subordinate importance from such

existing African and Indian forms as Hpiscopus chalybea (actually by Bur-

meister referred to the same genus), Oxyophthalma collaris, gracilis, &c.,

it was only necessary to study those forms to become convinced of.

Sir Sidney Saunders read the following :—

““ Remarks on the Specific Identity of the Hampstead Atypus.

“Tn the report of our Proceedings at the August meeting of this year,

which has just appeared in the third part of our ‘ Transactions’ (p. xv.), it

is stated that the spider exhibited by me at a previous meeting as Atypus

Sulzert had since been referred to the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, who

stated that the insect was certainly not A. Sulzerz, but that he considered it

to be A. Beckit (Cambridge), which would probably be found to be the same as

A, piceus (Thorell), though he was not certain, as the only female which he

had of that species was too much damaged to admit of any satisfactory

comparison, the type of A. Beckw being an adult male. I was not present

at the meeting referred to, or I should have explained that the identical

specimen which I had exhibited could not be the one referred to by

Mr. Cambridge, it having never since passed out of my hands. But, as

regards the name ascribed to the Hampstead species, Thorell, in his

‘Synonyms of Huropean Spiders’ (published 1870— 1873), adopts the

XXX1

name of Atypus Sulzeri (Latr.) for the species which Sulzer had named

Aranea picea in 1776, and which Thorell gives as synonymous with—

Atypus piceus, Thor., 1870,

FP » Ausserer, 1871, and

» Sulzert, Koch, 1848.

“M. Hugene Simon, in his memoir on the French species of the

genus Atypus (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 5e sér., tome iii., 1878, p. 109), reverts

to the original specific name of A. piceus (Sulzer), as entitled to priority,

while repeating the synonyms as aforesaid. Thus the Hampstead species,

which is said to be certainly not the A. Sulzeri, but possibly the A. Beckii

(Cambridge), and probably the same as 4. piceus (Thorell), would, in such

case, be synonymous with Sulzer’s species, which is the Atypus Sulzeri of

Latreille (1806), of Koch (1848), and of Thorell (1873), and the Atypus

piceus of M. Eugéne Simon (1873).”

Mr. F’. Knock exhibited the male and female of this spider, taken at

Hampstead on October 24th, 1877, and read extracts from a letter from

the Rey. O. P.-Cambridge, to the effect that the male specimens afterwards

submitted to him were Atypus Sulzeri, and not A. Beckii, as at first

conjectured when females only had been examined. (See above paper by

Sir Sidney Saunders.)

Papers read.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse read a paper containing “ Descriptions of new

Species of the Coleopterous Genus Callirhipis (Rhipidoceride) in the British

Museum,” and exhibited specimens of C. longicornis, male, Waterh. (Anda-

man Islands), and CU. dissimilis, male and female, Waterh. (Borneo).

The Rey. H. S. Gorham communicated the continuation of his

“Descriptions of New Species of Clerida, with Notes on the Genera and

corrections of Synonymy.”

Mr. A. G. Butler communicated a paper containing ‘“ Descriptions of a

New Genus and two New Species of Sphingida, with general Remarks on

the Family.”

Mr. J. S. Baly communicated ‘‘ Descriptions of New Genera and of

uncharacterized Species of Halticine.”

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

Part ILI. of the * Transactions’ for 1877 was on the table.

XXX

’ December 5, 1877.

J. W. Dunnine, M.A., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors.

Hahibitions, de.

Mr. W. L. Distant exhibited two rare species of Hemiptera-Heteroptera

from the West Coast of Africa, viz. Tetroxia Beauvoisit, Fairmaire, described

in 1858, but according to Stal the type, in the possession of Signoret, is

without antenne, rostrum, abdomen or legs, and is also placed by Stal

amongst ‘‘ species incerti generis ;” and Oncocephalus subspinosus, A. & 8.,

described in 1848; according to Stal the type, in a bad condition, is in the

collection of Signoret.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a fine series of both scxes of Macropis labiata,

captured by Mr. J. B. Bridgman, of Norwich, at Brundall, near that city.

A British specimen of the male had for many years been unique in the

collection of the British Museum; at length a second male was taken in

the New Forest by the late Mr. J. Walton, and twenty years subsequently

Mr. 8. Stevens took a third at Weybridge. During the past season

Mr. Bridgman took both sexes in some numbers.

Mr. Smith also exhibited a specimen of Rophites quinquespinosus, captured

at Guestling, near Hastings, by the Rev. EK. H. Bloomfield during the past

season. This capture added a new genus and species to the British

Hymenopterous fauna, and was the most important addition that had been

made for many years.

Mr. Meldola exhibited three photographic enlargements of micro-photo-

graphs by Mr. Edward Viles, of Pendryl Hall, Wolverhampton. These

photographs, two of which were of parts of insects,—viz. the mouth organs

of a bee and the proboscis of a fly,—had been exhibiteu at the recent

Exhibition of the Photographic Society of London, and had obtained one of

the Society’s medals. The original negatives, taken by means of the

object-glass of a microscope fitted into the camera in place of the ordinary

lens, were 3 inches square, while the finished enlargements were 30 x 24

inches, being thus enlarged 10 diameters.

Mr. Meldola next exhibited an acoustal experiment illustrating the

effects of resonance in increasing the volume of sound emitted by

a vibrating bell. This illustration gave experimental demonstration of the

action of the stridulating apparatus of the Pterinoaylus mentioned at the

last meeting by Mr. Wood-Mason. In this insect the sound-producing

structure is the vibrating membrane known as the “ talc-like spot,” which

is surrounded by a “milled” edge or rasp which is scraped by the hard

XXXill

edges of the tegmina, the membrane being thus thrown into vibration

and the sound enhanced by the resonance of the dome-like cavities of the

tegmina. In the experiment shown, the membrane was represented by

the bell which was thrown into vibration by a violin-bow, representing the

scraper, and the tegminal cavities were represented by a closed air-chamber

adjusted to the note of the bell.

Mr. Meldola likewise exhibited a specimen of Gongylus gonglylodes found

in an old collection of Indian insects, a propos of the recent observations on

this species (see Proc. Ent. Soc., Nov. 7th, 1877, p. xxix.).

Mr. Wood-Mason remarked that he had been recently making a close

investigation of the stridulating apparatus of scorpions, and had detected at

the base of each pair of legs carrying the stridulating apparatus a well-

defined pore opening into the interior of the leg. He made remarks upon

this structure, and gave further details in anticipation of a more extended

communication to be made to the Society.

Mr. M‘Lachlan remarked that the stridulation of the pupa of Thecla

rubi appeared to be well-established by the recent observations of Herr

F. G. Schild (‘ Stettiner entomologische Zeitung,’ xxxviii. 86, 1877), and

of Herr Kleemann, of Nuremburg, made so far back as 1774, and com-

municated to vol. iv. of the ‘ Naturforscher’ (p. 123).

Mr. F. Smith mentioned an instauce of stridulation occurring among the

small species of British Curculionide in a species of the genus Acalles.

Mr. Wollaston described a species belonging to this genus found by himself

in Madeira, and which he calls the musical Acalles. The species found at

Deal is very much smaller than the Acalles roboris, but it is also musical,

although the stridulation of a single insect was scarcely audible; but on

placing several in a small box and disturbing them by shaking, the shrill

grating noise was very distinctly heard. The noise is produced by the

friction of the segments of the abdomen against the under side of the

elytra.

Mr. J. W. Dunning called the attention of the Society to a paper

recently published in the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Cambridge Philosophical

Society (vol. iii., part ii, Feb. 12th, 1877), “On a striking instance of

Mimicry, with some Notes on the Phenomenon of Protective Resemblance,”

by Mr. Neville Goodman, M.A. The insect mimicked is the well-known

hornet, Vespa orientalis, which is found commonly round the shores of the

Mediterranean, and extends through Upper Egypt, Syria and Arabia, into

Hindostan. The imitator is a species of Laphria, the resemblance con-

sisting in similarity of colour, size, shape, attitude when at rest, and mode

of flight. The author points out that the word “ mimicry” is best applied

to cases of resemblance of one living being to another, and suggests that the

term “protective resemblance” should be confined to cases of assimilation

to stones, sticks, bark, lichens, dead leaves, &c. The author also refers to

XXXIV

the fact that the phenomenon of resemblance (both mimetic and protective)

is one of degree, and insists that this fact is entirely in favour of the view

of the production of such resemblances through the agency of the “ survival

of the fittest,” but is quite inexplicable on the teleological view of the origin

of species.

The Secretary directed attention to a letter in ‘ Nature’ (Nov. 15th, 1877,

p. 45), detailing some experiments made upon Abrawas grossulariata, which

tended to show that the insect was sensitive to certain sounds, and remarked

that these facts appeared to lend experimental support to the existence of an

organ of hearing in Lepidoptera, as recently described by Mr. A. H. Swinton

(Ent. Mo. Mag., Nov. 1877).

Papers read.

Mr. F. Smith read a paper containing “ Descriptions of new Species of

Hymenopterous Insects of New Zealand, collected by Prof. Hutton at

Otago.” The author exhibited a collection of the insects in illustration of

the paper, in which seventeen uew species are described.

Mr. A. G. Butler read a paper ‘‘On the Lepidoptera of the Amazons

collected by Dr. James W. H. Trail during the years 1873 to 1875—

Part ii. Sphinges and Bombyces.” The author directed attention to the

following remarkable cases of parallelism :—

1. Transparent genera with white wings.

Prismoptera, n. gen. (Amazons) = Hrnolatia, Walk. (Borneo).

2. Opaque genera with coloured wings.

Anthrocroca, n. gen. (Amazons) = Noraswma, Moore (Darjeeling).

Prismoptera and Anthrocroca agree in neuration with one another, but differ

entirely (in the neuration of the primaries) from the Asiatic genera, which

likewise agree in neuration with one another. Moreover, there is a similar

difference in structure between Prismoptera and Anthrocroca to that between

Ernolatia and Norasuma, Prismoptera and Ernolatia having more prominent

prothorax, comparatively longer antenne, and transparent wings.

Dr. Sharp communicated “ Descriptions of eight new Species and a new

Genus of Cossonides from New Zealand,” and ‘“ Descriptions of some new

Species and a new Genus of Rhynchophorous Coleoptera from the Hawaiain

Islands.”

XXXV

ANNUAL MEETING,

January 16, 1878.

Professor J. O. Wrstwoop, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the chair.

An abstract of the Treasurer's Accounts for 1877 was read by Mr. J. W.

Dunning, one of the Auditors, showing a balance of £9 18s. in favour of

the Society.

The Secretary read the following :—

REPORT OF THE CounciL ror 1877.

In accordance with the Bye-Laws, the Council begs to submit the

following Report :—

During the year 1877 twelve new Members and Subscribers have been

elected into the Society, and seven have been lost by death or resignation.

The losses by death are Henry Adams, E. W. Robinson (whose artistic

labours for many years enriched our ‘ Transactions’), James Scott Bower-

bank (one of the original Members of the Society, well kuown as a

microscopical entomologist), and William Arnold Lewis (who met with an

untimely end in the Alps).

The ‘Transactions’ for the year (exclusive of ‘ Proceedings’) form a

volume of 439 pages, containing ten plates, of which two are coloured.

Although somewhat smaller than last year’s volume, which contains twenty

memoirs, the ‘Transactions’ for 1877 compare favourably with it in the

variety of the communications, which comprise twenty-eight memoirs. The

‘Journal of Proceedings’ for the year has been enriched by many com-

munications of considerable scientific value from our Members and their .

correspondents. The thanks of the Society are due to Professor James

Wood-Mason for the plate of Mygale stridulans, illustrating his note on

that remarkable spider.

It is satisfactory to find that the income of the Society for the year has

been sufficient to meet the expenditure. The unusually large sum of

£109 has been realized by the sale of the ‘ Transactions.’

The following is an abstract of the financial account :—

RECEIPTS. ) PayMENTS.

Balance in hand . ; - é £6 | Rent, Office and Meeting Ex-

Contributions of Members . 95 penses; . . : » oll

Sale of Publications . : . 109 | Publications . . . - 208

| ~ 4 ,

Interest on Consols 9 Library : . . . . 14

Donations . 5 j ; ‘ 27

XXXV1

The chief alteration in our publications to which the Council wish to

direct attention is one affecting the ‘Journal of Proceedings.’ The list

of ‘‘ Additions to the Library,” instead of being published monthly, as

heretofore, will be printed collectively, in alphabetical order, at the end of

the volume.

The Council again desires to point out the advantages that may be

derived by Town Members by an extra annual prepayment of half-a-guinea,

which payment places them in the same position as Country Members

with respect to the ‘Transactions,’ each part being posted to such

subscribers on the day of publication.

The Library has been increased during the year by more than the

usual donations, and the increasing use made of it by Members may be

taken as a clear confirmation of the advantages arising from having it open

daily. The Society has to regret the enforced resignation of the office of

Honorary Librarian by the Rev. T. A. Marshall, through his acceptance

of a colonial appointment, and during nine months the duties have been

performed by Mr. Grut. The Council desires to.thank the Senior Secretary

for undertaking this voluntary addition to his labours.

11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square,

January 16th, 1878.

An Address on the progress of Entomology during the past year was

then delivered by the President.

Prof. J. Wood-Mason and Mr. 8. Stevens were appointed scrutineers.

The following Members of Council were elected for 1878 :—H. W. Bates,

G. C. Champion, J. W. Douglas, Rev. A. E. Eaton, F. Grut, R. Meldola,

E. Saunders, J. Jenner Weir, Prof. J. O. Westwood, W. L. Distant,

EK. A. Fitch, G. Lewis, and F. Smith.

The following Officers were subsequently elected :—President, H. W.

Bates, F.L.S., F.Z.S.; Treasurer, J. Jenner Weir; Secretaries, R. Meldola

and W. L. Distant; Librarian, F. Grut.

Mr. M‘Eachlan proposed a cordial vote of thanks to the President, and

moved that his Address should be printed; the motion was seconded by

Mr. S. Stevens, and carried unanimously. A vote of thanks to the other

Officers was proposed by Mr. Dunning, seconded by Mr. Fenn, and also

carried unanimously. Messrs. Jenner Weir, Grut and Meldola replied, and

the meeting was adjourned to February 6th.

XXXVil

THE PRESIDEN'’S ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

The task imposed on the President of this Society, of

giving a report of the progress of the Science during the past

year, is annually becoming more difficult: the vast range of the

subject, the multitude of workers, and the numerous means of

publication in all parts of the world, render it impossible for

anyone to keep himself thoroughly aw cowrant with every branch

of the subject, especially if, as in my case, he reside at a distance

from London and its great central scientific libraries. If I

contrast the activity which now everywhere appears with the

state of the Science and the condition of its literature when,

fifty-eight years ago, I commenced the study of Entomology, the

difference is most striking and almost overwhelming. Then

there was no Entomological nor Zoological, nor even a Natural

History Magazine in existence; neither Entomological nor even

‘Zoological Society, either at home or abroad; and Berkenhout’s

‘Synopsis, Wood’s ‘Linnean Genera of Insects,’ and Samouelle’s

‘Useful Compendium’ were our guides. In what I now propose

to offer to your notice I have been guided more by general con-

siderations, and the investigation of views more extensive, than

the dry recapitulation of technical descriptions ; and I have also

abstained to a great extent from abstracting or noticing memoirs

published in exclusively Entomological works which can or ought

to be in the hands of all workers. The annual summaries of

Entomological works. published in this country and on the Con-

tinent* will eventually complete the very imperfect sketch which

I here offer you.

* The ‘ Zoological Record’ for 1875 appeared in the course of the last year. The

Entomological ‘ Bericht’ for the years 1873 and 1874, by Herr Bertkau, appears in

the Archiy. f. Naturg., fortieth year, 2nd part, and has been republished in the

Deutsche Entom. Zeitschr., twenty-first year, 1877, and a translation of the

Bibliographical part of my last year’s Address has appeared in Dr. Katter's

‘Entomologische Nachrichten.’

XXXV111

OBITUARY.

It is with the utmost regret that I commence this report with

the record of the decease of several of our most talented Ento--

mologists.

In Tuomas Vernon Woxuaston, Entomologists have lost one

of the most assiduous as well as the most talented of their body.

Elaborately minute in the descriptions of the species of insects

which he had collected with so much zeal and studied with so

much care, he was yet endowed with broad and well-formed

generalisations of the Science which he loved, and which were

developed not only in ‘ Variation of Species, published in 1856,

but in the ‘Introductions’ to all his subsequent publications on

the insects of the Atlantic Islands, a study which he has made his

own. Born on the 19th March, 1821, he became a student of Jesus

College, Cambridge, and was afterwards compelled, for a long

portion of his life, to pass much of his time in a warmer climate,

on account of pulmonary weakness; and selecting Madeira as his

temporary residence, he collected the insects and shells of this

island, and subsequently those of the Canaries, the Cape Verde

Archipelago, and more recently the Island of St. Helena, with

the greatest energy, notwithstanding his generally debilitated

state. His ‘Insecta Maderensia, 1854; ‘Catalogue of the

Coleoptera of Madeira,’ 1857; ‘Catalogue of the Coleoptera of

the Canaries,’ 1864 ; ‘ Coleoptera Atlantidum, 1865 ; ‘ Coleoptera

Hesperidum,’ 1867 ; and ‘Coleoptera Sanctee Helene,’ just pub-

lished, form a series of works unequalled in the literature of the

Order. In Hagen’s ‘ Bibliotheca Entomologica’ there is a list of

thirty-four separately published menoirs and notes, from 1847 to

1861. The titles of ten more, published in 1861—38, are given

in the Royal Society's Catalogue of Papers, since which time

numerous additional memoirs have appeared from his pen. The

type-specimens of all his collections were purchased by the

British Museum, but the large mass of his specimens, including

nearly all his species, were purchased by Mr. and Mrs. Hope, at

the price of £500, and are deposited in the Oxford Museum.

His death, on the 4th of January, was awfully sudden, and his

memory, both as a man of Science and a Christian gentleman,

will be cherished by all who knew hin.

XXX1X

AnpREW Murray, F.L.S., died on the 10th January, 1878, at

the age of sixty-five, having been born on the 19th February, 1812.

For the last twenty-five years Mr. Murray has been a constant

contributor to the scientific periodicals both of Scotland and

England of articles upon entomological subjects; among these

may be mentioned a report on the beetles of Scotland, published

in 1852, and in the following year a catalogue of the same insects ;

monographs of the beetles of the family Spheriduide and of the

genera Cercyon (1853) and Catops (1856); descriptions of some

insects from the Rocky Mountains in 1853; descriptions of new

Coleoptera from the Western Andes and the neighbourhood of

Quito in 1855, 1856 and 1857; a numerous series of articles on

the Coleoptera of Old Calabar, on the West Coast of Africa (pub-

lished in the ‘ Annals of Natural History,’ 1857—59); the first

part of a very extensive monograph of the family Nitidulide (in

the ‘ Transactions’ of the Linnean Society); a curious paper on

the species of Pediculi infesting the different races of men (in the

‘Transactions’ of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1860). As an

entomologist he will, however, be longer and more generally known

by his labours in establishing the entomological department of the

Museum of Science and Art, now transferred to the Bethnal Green

Museum, in which a very curious and extensive series of the

beneficial and destructive species of insects has been collected,

with specimens of the injurious effects of the latter on the objects

which they attack, illustrated by highly magnified coloured figures,

forming a very valuable Museum of Economic Entomology. This

collection it was intended should form the basis of a series of

handbooks on the economy of insects, of which the first, devoted

to the Linnean Aptera, or wingless species, has only been hitherto

published. Mr. Murray also published a large quarto volume on

the geographical distribution of Mammals (1866), with 108 maps,

and was well known as a good botanist and a monographer of the

genus Pinus, published in the ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ to which

he was latterly a constant contributor.

JAMES Scott BowrrBank, LL.D., F.R.S., L.S., G.S., &e., one

of the original founders of our own Society, as well as of the

Paleontological and Microscopical Societies, and (in conjunction

with Dr. Johnston) of the Ray Society, was born on the 14th July,

1797, and died on the 9th March last. Although more especially

devoted to the structures of sponges and flints, upon which he

published several memoirs in the ‘ Philosophical Transactions’

and other works (his views in which were keenly opposed by

Dr. J. H. Gray), he published two papers in the ‘ Entomological

Magazine’ on the circulation of blood in the wings of the

Eiphemeride, and one on the scales of the wings of Lepidoptera

in the same work.

We have to regret the death of Winu1am Arnotp Lewis, F.L.S.,

by a fearful accident on one of the Swiss mountains on the 6th

September last. His decided opposition to the constant altera-

tions in the nomenclature of Lepidopterous insects, made on the

doubtful and often improperly overstrained ground of priority, was

manifested by the publication of an extensive article on that

subject in the ‘ Transactions’ of our Society.

Mr. E. W. Roprnson, an excellent and well-known entomological

engraver, born on the 20th January, 1835, died on the 10th

August last.

Henry Apams, a distinguished Conchologist, and one of the

members of our Society, also died during the past year.

A genially written biographical notice of the late Henry

Dovusiepay, by Mr. Dunning, with a small but characteristic

photographic likeness, appears in ‘ The Entomologist’ for March,

1877.

I regret that, in the Obituary in my last year’s Address,

I omitted to record the death of Curistran Winuiam Lupwie

EpuarpD Surrrian, the distinguished Coleopterist, which took

place on the 18th August, 1876. A biographical notice and a

complete list of his entomological writings, is given by Dr. C. A.

Dohrn, in the ‘ Stettiner Ent. Zeitung, 1877, pp. 106—117. His

various memoirs on the Huropean Gidemerideé and on the family

Cryptocephalide are indispensable to the student.

Several large collections of insects have, during the past year,

been dispersed by auction by Messrs. Stevens, including those of

Mr. Edwin Brown and Mr. Trovey Blackmore (whose deaths I had

to record in my last year’s Address), and to these may be added the

collection of Mr. Francis Walker. In the first of these sales some

high prices were obtained for rare insects, of which a notice is given

in the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine’ for April last (p. 257).

- These prices, however, are by no means equal to those realized at

xli

the sales of Drury and Francillon’s collections, of which priced

lists are preserved in the Hopeian Library of Entomology at

Oxford.

Commencing the scientific part of my report with the earliest

insect formations with which we are acquainted, I shall next

notice the more recent views of Evolutionists, &c., and then pro-

ceed to memoirs on the Anatomy, Metamorphoses, Economy, and

Descriptions of the various Orders of Insects.

Fossiz Enromouoey.

A series of articles on fossil insects, by Mr. Herbert Goss, F.L S.,

F.Z.S., has been read before the Brighton and Sussex Natural

History Society, on the 9th March, 15th June and 9th November

last, published in the local journals of Sussex. In the first of these

the writer described the various formations of the recent and ter-

tiary periods, and the insect remains found therein; in the second

paper he treated of the formations of the secondary period, in-

cluding the upper oolite, the lower oolite, the lias and the trias, and

their fossils; and in the third he described the primary formations

and their remains, including those of the coal measures, in which

alone in this country fossil insects had been found. The Devonian

shales of New Brunswick were the oldest strata in the world in

- which any traces of insect life had been discovered, none having

been found in the Silurian, Cambrian or Laurentian formations.

It was remarkable that until quite recently all the fossil insects

were referable to the existing orders, and often to known genera of

insects, the only exception being the singular Hugereon Béckingii

of A. Dohrn, which exhibits the characters both of Hemiptera and

Neuroptera, and was thence considered by its describer as the

progenitor of those orders. ‘To this insect have been added two

or three species from America, referred by Mr. Scudder to the

Neuroptera, one species from Belgium and several new ones

which have been formed into a separate order (Paleeodictyoptera)

by Dr. Goldenberg, in his ‘ Fauna Sarcepontana fossilis’ (1877).

The writer considered from this fact that it was evident that the

geological record was not nearly old enough or perfect enough

to afford much direct evidence in support of the theory of Eyo-

lution of insects of the existing orders from inferior organisms.

xhi

Mr. Goss’s lectures are to be published in the Transactions of the

Geologists’ Association.

The Trustees of the British Museum have published ‘A

Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their synonyms and

the range in time of each Genus and Order,’ by Henry Wood-

ward, F.R.S. (8vo, 1877), in which are recorded 197 genera and

1051 species and varieties found fossil in Britain, whereas in

Prof. Morris’s ‘ Catalogue of British Fossils,’ published in 1854,

there were only 81 genera and 806 species indicated. ‘The great

majority of the species are referable to the T'rilobites and

Ostracoda.

In the ‘Primeval World’ of Dr. Heer, of Zurich, 876 species

of fossil insects are described.

In the ‘Geological Magazine’ for February, 1877, a restored

figure of a fossil cockroach is given; Mr. Etheridge has also -

described Hurypterus Stevensont from the lower carboniferous

series of Berwickshire ; and Mr. Woodward has an article on

Anthrapalemon from the coal measures (= Apuz dubius, M.-Hd-

wards). The same number also contains an article by Mr. Dawson

on a new species of the same genus from Nova Scotia and on

Homalonotus Dawsont.

We are indebted to Mr. J. H. Scudder for a continuation of

his memoirs on the fossil insects of the American tertiary

beds of the White River, of which former portions, in-

the ‘Proceedings’ of the Boston Society of Natural History

(vols. x. and xi.), the ‘ American Naturalist’ (vols. i. and vi.), the

‘Geological Magazine’ (vol. v.), and in Hollister’s ‘Mines of

Colorado.’ In the present article, published in the ‘ Bulletin of

the United States Geological and Geographical Survey’ (vol. i1.,

August, 1877), the Hymenoptera (three species only), a consider-

able number of Diptera, especially referable to the Tipulide,

including several new genera, various Coleoptera, five Hemiptera,

several Physopodans, and one Phryganea are described. In a

subsequent article, published in the same work, Mr. Scudder has

described two fossil Carabidae, belonging to the genera Loricera and

Loxandrus, from the glacial and interglacial strata of Toronto.

The fossil insects of the tertiary beds at Quesnel, in British

Columbia, collected by Mr. G. W. Dawson, have been described

by Mr. 8. H. Scudder, in the ‘Report of Progress of the Geological

xiii

Survey of Canada’ (1875-76), and are stated to be better pre-

served than any that have been obtained from other American

localities. The species are Formica arcana, Pimpla senecta and

decessa, Calyptites antediluvianum (Braconide), several midges

(Chironomid), very imperfect, Boletina sepulta (Mycetophilide),

Brachypeza (two specimens), and T'richonta Dawsoni (ditto),

Dolichopide (several fragments), and several species of Muscide

of different genera; Prometopia depilis (Nitidulide), Lachnus

petrorum (Aphid), and portions of one of the Libellulide.

A note on certain insect remains, chiefly Libellideous and

Blattideous, from Cape Breton, by Mr. 8. H. Scudder, is published

in the ‘Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History’

(vol. xviii.).

Descriptions, with figures, of two fossil caterpillars of Satyride

are published by M. Daudet, in Rev. & Mag. Zool., 1876, pl. 11.

An insect which appears to belong to the interesting family

Stylopide has been found in amber, and described by Menge in

the ‘Schriften’ of the Nat. Hist. Soc. of Dantzig, and is noticed

in the Ent. Mo. Mag., June, 1877.

Evouurion, ParTHENOGENESIS, Mrurcry.

A paper, by Mr. Packard, opposing Mayer’s views upon the

Ontogeny and Philogeny of Insects, appears in the ‘ Monthly

Microscopical Journal’ for February, 1877.

A notice of Dr. Weismann’s remarkable memoir on the genetic

character of the markings of the larve of Sphingide appeared in

‘Nature,’ March 22, 1877.

The ‘Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia’ contain a recent paper, by Thomas G. Gentry, on

the genetic Philogeny of Lepidoptera, illustrated by an arboreal

diagram, in which these insects are assumed to have been derived

from the aquatic Trichoptera through Paraponyx, with Arctica

as the progenitor of the order.

Mr. 8. H. Scudder has published an article upon the “ Classifi-

cation of butterflies, with special reference to the position of the

Eiquites, or Swallow-tails,” in the ‘ Transactions of the American

Entomological Society’ (vol. vi... Adopting the principles of

Evolution, the author assumes that the Nocturnal Lepidoptera

are the progenitors of the Diurna, which he divides into: four

families only, Nymphales, Rurales (EKrycinide and Lycenide),

xliv

Papilionide and Urbicole (Hesperide), which last group he con-

siders were “first separated from the common stock, and never

developed to a high degree, since they still remain by far the

lowest of the group, and are in many points more closely allied

to some of the higher moths than they are to any other butter-

flies.’ An arborescent plan of the genealogy of the groups of

butterflies is given, by which, as well as by the investigation

of the various points of their structural differences, the highest

place is given to the brush-footed butterflies, as has also been

done by Bates, following the Germans, and followed by W. F.

Kirby. Disagreeing entirely with this view of the relations of the

families of butterflies, and regarding the Papilionide as the

typical group, I must reserve my comments thereon for a future

occasion. ,

The curious questions as to the parthenogenesis, dimorphism,

and the occurrence of alternations of generation in certain Huro-

pean Cynipide, raised in Dr. Adler’s memoir, which appears in

the ‘Deutsche Entomol. Zeitschr.’ (vol. xxi., part 1), have formed

the subject of an article by Mr. P. Cameron, published in the

‘Scottish Naturalist’ (October, 1877). Hartig first divided the

gall-flies into (1) those which formed the galls, (2) those which in-

habited galls formed by the former, and (3) those which are purely

animal parasites. Of the first division eight of the genera are

exclusively confined to the oak, and three to other plants; but

amongst these Hartig found that in certain of the species there

were [apparently] no males, thousands of specimens having been

reared by competent observers all over Europe without, a single

male having been obtained; now the supposed unisexual indi-

viduals are mostly autumnal, whilst the bisexual ones are mostly

vernal, the galls appearing with the young leaves and flowers, and

the insects passing with great rapidity through their various

stages; and Dr. Adler’s hypothesis is that the spring forms give

origin in the autumn, not to galls and insects like themselves, but

to totally different galls which yield agamic forms very dissimilar

to the spring ones, and these autumnal insects hibernate and lay

eggs in early spring, which in due time yield the bisexual flies.

Thus he states that Spathogaster baccarum, the maker of the

common currant galls, oviposits in the young leaves, producing

the well-known spangle galls of Newroterus lenticularis, which in

' spring lays its eggs in the buds, giving issue to currant galls.

xlv

In this manner five other pairs of species are associated together

by Dr. Adler—

Neuroterus fumipennis with Spathogaster albipes

. numismatis ,, 5 vesicatria

Dryophanta scutellaris ,, Trigonaspis megaptera

‘5 longiventris _,, Spathogaster Taschenbergi

Aphilothrix radicis ns Andricus noduls

Mr. Cameron insists that if such associations were true the two

supposed species of each pair would appear in the same locality.

An examination of what is known of these five supposed dimorphic

species proves, however, that of the first four pairs the individuals

are not found in the same localities, whilst of the last pair, although

admitted by Mr. Cameron to be “undoubtedly found together”

(that is, in the same locality), he has no hesitation in saying that

they are by no means related in the way stated by Adler, D. longi-

ventris being also pretty common in this country, whereas its

supposed double, S. Taschenbergi has not yet been found here.

Of A.radicis it has been fully proved that there is only one brood

in the year, whilst the galls of its supposed double, A. noduli,

appear in the spring, and the insects quit them in the autumn.

Thus this pretty German theory is blown to the winds by the

direct and well-continued observation of facts.

A curious phenomenon is mentioned by Mr. Cameron with one

or two of the polythalamous gall-makers—namely; that from

one gall only females will be produced, from another only males,

but oftener both sexes will be found in the same gall. This

observation has a very curious bearing on the variations of

parthenogenesis, termed by Leuckart “ Arrenotoky,’ and by

Siebold “'Thelytoky.” The fact, however, of the existence of

parthenogenesis has been fully proved by Mr. Cameron, not only

in the Cynipide, but also in the T'enthredinida, of which numerous

instances are given in the article under notice.

An article on the alternations of generations in the Cynipide,

by M. Lichtenstein, appears in the ‘Scottish Naturalist,’ July,

1877.

Mr. Riley’s memoir on Nematus ventricosus, contained in his

‘Ninth Report,’ makes us acquainted with the interesting fact

that that species is subject to the variation of parthonogenesis in

which male progeny only are produced by unimpregnated females,

xlvi

and which has been termed “ Arrenotoky’”’ by Leuckart (the

variation in which female progeny only are produced in many

Cynipide having been termed ‘“‘ Thelytoky” by Siebold). This

remarkable fact was observed nearly fifty years ago by R. Thom

(Loudon, Gard. Mag., vii., p. 196), who, however, being loth to

believe in anything so extraordinary as “lucina sine concubitu,”

thought that there must have been a connection between the male

andfemale caterpillars, especially as he had often noticed these

caterpillars with their tails curled around each other. The

females of Nematus ventricosus lays its eggs on the surface of the

leaf, and not in a groove formed by its saws, which are almost

destitute of teeth, and which leads Dr. Riley to regard them as an

instance of defunctionation of special parts, in which the teeth of

the saw of the promordial sawfly have become degraded or reduced

to almost nothing!

A case of parthenogenesis in a spider (Segestria perfida, Walck.)

is recorded by Holmgren in the ‘ Organo de la Soc. Zool. Argen-

tina,’ tome u., Entrega iv. (Cordova, 1877).

The wonderful modifications which occur in the development

of many of the species of Aphides, especially those of the young

Phylloxera, have continued to occupy the attention of M. Lichten-

stein, who has published a reswme of his observations in the

‘Annals’ of the Entomological Society of Belgium (vol. xix.), in

which we find stated the anomalous fact that in certain groups,

Phylloxera and Rhizaphis, some of the individuals are found in a

partially winged state which is only transitory—“ ne servant que

de véhicule a la forme parfaite sexuée, un véritable cocon volant,

Sl je puis m’exprimer ainsi.” The small wingless Aphides pro-

duced from these winged ‘“cocons volants” are destitute of

rostrum, but furnished with organs of generation, ‘“‘ et s’accouplent

dés leur naissance”! The following short table is given of this

curious group, which, from a fancied analogy with the development

of a flower, are termed

ANTHOGENETIC HoMopTERa.

Insects characterized by a special pupiferous form, serving as an envelope

from which the sexual specimens escape.*

* This “cocon volant” seems to me to be identical with the pseudo-nymph state

of the Ephemeride.

xlvii

I. Pupiferous form winged.

a. Paytuoxera,* Boyer. Besides the pupiferous autumnal form

there is a vernal parthenogenetic form. The species migrate

from one kind of oak to another. The colonies are anuual.

b. Rurzapuis,* Planchon. Without any vernal winged form, but

only parthenogenetic wingless individuals, which pass from the

leaves to the roots, or live only on the roots, the colonies being

perennial.

II. Pupiferous form wingless. AcAN?tHocHERMES, Kollar, founded on a

species inhabiting Austria and France, upon the oak.

Our ‘ Transactions’ (1877, p. 265) contain a very important

memoir, by Mr. J. P. M. Weale, on variations occurring in South

African species of butterflies. The species especially noticed (of

which extensive series were exhibited) were Papilio merope and

its female varieties, Acrea Esebria (five distinct variations in

coloration being described), Junonia pelasgis and archesia, and

Anthocharis Keiskamma. Various experiments on feeding the larve

of some of these variable species are recorded.

The modifications occurring in different species of batteries

produced at different seasons of the year (which in some species

is so great as to have led to the different individuals being regarded

as forming distinct species, and which formed the subject of

a remarkable work by Dr. Weismann, noticed in my last

year's Address) have been investigated by Mr. W. H. Edwards,

whose memoir, containing “‘a history of Phyciodes Tharos, a poly-

morphic butterfly,” appears in the ‘ Canadian Entomologist’ for

January, 1877. The eggs were obtained from the common wild

aster (NV. Nove-Anglie) in the Catskill Mountains, in July, 1875. A

variety of experiments and observations on the different broods of

this butterfly are recorded by Mr. Edwards, from which it appears

that in the Catskills it is digoneutic, having two generations

* Ttis much to be regretted that the author has transposed these two generic names,

giving to the destructive vine species the name of Rhizaphis, and that of Phylloxera,

universally applied to the vine insects, to species found only on the oaks, the name

Rhizaphis being especially inapplicable to an insect which partially lives on the

leayes, and not exclusively on the roots, of the vine. If absolutely necessary,

according to the inflexible (!) rules of nomenclature, to employ a separate name for

the vine insect, it would have been vonyenient to have adopted the generic name

Peritymbia, which I first proposed for the vine insect, and which would absolutely

have had the priority if the Secretaries of the Ashmolean Society of Oxford had issued

the ‘ Proceedings’ of that Society as they ought to have been done.

xviii

annually, the first of which is Marcia, or the winter form, and the

other is the summer form, and a certain proportion of the larve

proceeding from the first hybernate (so far as appears), and all

those from the second; whilst at Coalburgh, W. Virginia, there

are four generations annually, the first being Marcia, the second

and third Tharos, and the fourth mixed.

A further communication on the life-history of Phyciodes

Tharos, by Mr. W. H. Edwards, in the subsequent number of the

‘Canadian Entomologist,’ has shown that not only P. Marcia and

Tharos, but also P. Phaon, Vesta, and probably also Batesw, are

to be regarded as periodical varieties of one variable species, of

which Drury remarked, more than a hundred years ago, ‘“‘ Nature

forms such a variety of this species that it is difficult to set bounds

or to know all that belongs to it.” The fact that variations in

colour and markings correspond in this species with variations

in periodicity have led Mr. Edwards to conclude that ‘“‘ When

Phaon and Vesta and Tharos were as yet only varieties of one

species the sole coloration was similar to that now common to the

three. As they gradually became permanent, or, in other words,

as these varieties became species, T’haros was giving rise to several

sub-varieties, some of them in time to become distinct and well-

marked, while the other two, Phaon and Vesta, remained con-

stant.” Dr. Weismann, commenting on Mr. Edwards’ experiments

and their results, observes, in a letter to him, ‘‘ The case seems to

me perfectly intelligible: Marcia is the old primary form of the

species, and in the glacial period, the only one. Tharos is the

secondary form, having arisen in the course of many generations

through the gradually working influence of summer heat. In your

experiments, cold has caused the summer generation to revert to

the primary form. The reverting which occurred was complete

in the females, but not in allthe males. If so treated the summer

brood of Levana will, in many more females than males, revert to

the winter form. ‘This sex is more conservative than the male—

slower to change.”

An instance of the so-called “mimicry” existing between insects

of different orders, and in which a very striking resemblance exists

between Vespa orientalis and a species of the dipterous genus

Laphria, has been communicated to the Cambridge Philosophical

Society (Proceedings, vol. 1., Feb. 1877). The author proposes

to confine the term “mimicry” to cases of resemblance between

xlix

living objects, confining the term “ protective resemblance” to

those instances in which assimilation to stones, sticks, dead

leaves, &c., exists.

An extended memoir on protective coloration in Nature,

especially with reference to insects, by A. R. Wallace, has

appeared in ‘Macmillan’s Magazine,’ September, 1877; and has

been reprinted in the ‘American Naturalist.’

An abstract of Dr. Fritz Miiller’s memoir on mimicry in

the genus Leptalis, alluded to in my last year’s Report, has

appeared in the ‘American Naturalist,’ September (vol. x.,

No. 9).

An interesting instance of the striking simulation to flowers,

exhibited by living individuals of one of the Indian Mantide,

Gongylus gongylodes, has been recorded by Dr. J. Anderson, in

the ‘ Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,’ August, 1877.

It is, however, only the under surface of the animal that exhibits

this resemblance to a flower: the leaf-like expansion of the

prothorax, instead of being green, is of a clear, pale lavender-

violet colour, with a faint pink-bloom margin, and a blackish

brown spot in the centre, thus resembling the opening of a

tube in the middle of the corolla of a flower. A favourite

position of the insect is to hang head downwards amongst a

mass of green foliage, remaining motionless, or occasionally

swaying about like a flower touched by a gentle breeze; and

while in this attitude, its fore limbs banded violet and black, and

drawn up in the centre of the corolla, render the simulation of

a papilionaceous flower complete; and by this disguise act as a

decoy to insects, which fly directly into the serrated, sabre-like

raptorial arms of the simulator.

ANATOMY AND PHysIoLoey.

A yaluable introductory work on the general structure of

insects has been published by Dr. Vitus Graber (small 8vo,

pp. 403, with 200 excellent original woodcuts), under the title,

‘Die Insekten, Erster Theil. Der Organismus der Insekten.’

Two articles on the development of the river crayfish, by

Reichenbach, appear in Siebold and Kolliker’s ‘ Zeitschrift’

(vol. xxix.); and have been abstracted by T. J. Parker, in the

Quarterly Journ. Microsc. Science (Jan. 1878). The investigations

of the author are confined to the condition of the animal ‘in

ovo,’ in which six stages are recorded, the last being styled the

Nauplius stage; but the links between this stage and the free

state of the young animal, in which it resembles its parents, as

shown by Herold, as well as the Zaa condition, remain yet

unobserved.

A memoir on the respiration of land crabs, by M. Jobert,

appears in the Annales Sci. Nat. (ser. vi. vol. iv.).

A note, by Dr. H. Wayenbergh, on a mortal case occurring

from.the bite of Segestria perfida, Walck., is published in the

‘Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias’ (vol. 11., Cordova).

A memoir, by M. Plateau, on digestion and its organs in the

Phalangiide, is noticed in the Annals Nat. Hist. for March

last; as is also an article, by M. Magnin, on the power of

fasting during long periods possessed by some species of

Acaride.

_ Descriptions of a number of coleopterous monstrosities are

published, with figures by Dr. Kraatz, in the Deutsch Entomol.

Zeitschr. for 1877, consisting of malformations, retarded develop-

ments, or duplication, or even triplication, in some portions of

the limbs. ;

A memoir on the anatomy of the digestive apparatus of the

Orthoptera, by Wilde, appears in the Archiv. f. Naturg. (43rd

year, Heft 2).

An abstract of Mr. Wood-Mason’s observations, on the de-

velopment of the antenne in the pectinicorn Mantide, appears

in the Proc. Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, December, 1876, showing

the mode in which the bipectinations of the male insect are

developed at the last shedding of the chitinous membrane of

the pupe.

Mr. J. Wood-Mason has also given a short notice of a new and

remarkable species of Phasmide, from Borneo, which appears to

possess, in the perfect state, structures which seem fitted both

for aérial respiration and respiration by tracheal gills, in the

shape of small, oval, ciliated plates, such as co-exist in Ptero-

narcys regalis. For this curious insect he proposes the name of

Cotylosoma dipneusticum (Ann. Nat. Hist., 5 §., vi. p. 102).

A memoir upon the generative organs of the Ephemeride has

been presented to the Academy of Sciences, Paris, by M. Joly,

of which an account is given in the ‘Comptes Rendus,’ October,

1876; noticed in Annals Nat. Hist., February, 1877.

An article on the suspension of the power of flight in bees, by

Dénhoff, in the Archiv. Sc. Phys. et Natur., is noticed in ‘ Nature,’

April 26, 1877.

A memoir on the structure of the brain in Apis, Gryllus,

Gryllotalpa, Carabus and Astacus, by Dietl, appeared in the

Zeitschrift f. wissensch. zool. (vol. xxvii., part 4).

The stridulating powers of insects have recently attracted

considerable attention, both at home and abroad. In addition to

the discovery of this power in a large Indian species of spider, by

Mr. J. Wood-Mason, already mentioned, and of which a notice is

given, with a characteristic figure of the specimen in the act of

stridulating, by the author, in the Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1877,

the same author has, in the same work, announced the discovery

of stridulating organs, not only in a species of scorpion, but also

in certain Crustaceans and in a large species of Phasmide.

The musical apparatus of the Cicad@ has been studied by Paul

Mayer, whose memoir, with figures, appears in Siebold and

Kolliker’s ‘ Zeitschrift’ (vol. xxvii. Heft 1, 2). A paper by Mr.

Galton, on the same subject, appears in the ‘ Popular Science

Review’ (n.s., vol. i.); and another by M. Carlet, in Ann. Sci.

Nat. Zool. (6 ser., vol. v.).

Various articles on the stridulation of other insects have

appeared in the ‘Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine,’ vol. xiii,

pp- 169 (Vanessa), 207 (Ageronia), 208 (Vanessa), 217 (Acherontia),

230 (various), 273 (various moths).

Mr. Swinton has also published an article on the stridulation

of the Cicada, in the Ent. Mo. Mag. (September, 1877); and has

also described stridulating organs in various Hemiptera, in the

same work (vol. xiv., p. 29). and in different Hymenoptera, in

ditto (vol. xiv., 187).

An article on a supposed auditory organ in nocturnal Lepi-

doptera at the base of the abdomen, by Mr. Swinton, appears in

the Ent. Mo. Mag. for November, 1877.

The minute anatomy of various organs of ants, illustrated by

four coloured plates, formed the subject of the first Quekett Lecture,

delivered by Sir John Lubbock before the Royal Microscopical

Society, in April, 1877, published in the ‘ Monthly Microscopical

Journal,’ September, 1877.

A curious memoir by Fritz Miiller, entitled, “‘ Die Stinkkélbchen

der weiblichen Maracuja falter,” has appeared*in Von Siebold

lii

and Kolliker’s ‘ Zeitschrift, November, 1877, with numerous ~

illustrations of the small, clavate, and remarkably setose and

strong-smelling appendages [called Osmateria by Kirby] placed at

the extremity of the bodies of the females of the genera Helt-

conius, Huvides, Colenis, and Dione (= Agraulis), which have

received the names of Maracuja butterflies, from the food-plant

of their larve. By the possession of- these organs, and by a

variety of other peculiarities, detailed by the same author in an

article in the Stettin Ent. Zeit., December, 1877, the author has

satisfactorily shown that these four genera ought no longer to be

associated with the Heliconude and Nymphalide, but together

form a separate group. ‘These two articles are of much interest

in connection with the question as to the cause of the so-called

mimicry of many Heliconiide (supposed to be owing to the bad

odour of the latter, most of which, however, want this stinking

organ) by other butterflies, as well as with reference to the name

of the remainder of the family, from which ine supposed typical

genus is thus removed.

Economic ENTOMOLOGY.

The ninth annual report on the noxious, beneficial and other

insects of the State of Missouri, made to the State Board of

Agriculture, pursuant to an appropriation for this purpose from

the Legislature of the State, by Dr. C. V. Riley, “ State Entomolo-

gist,’ has appeared. It contains, as usual, admirably illustrated

memoirs on the different species studied during the preceding year,

which are as follows:—the Gooseberry Span-worm, Hufitchia

ribearia (Geometride); the imported Currant-worm, Nematus

ventricosus, Klug (Tenthredinide); the native Currant-worm,

Pristiphora grossularie (Tenthredinide); the Strawberry-worm,

Emphytus maculatus (Tenthredinide); Abbot’s White Pine-worm,

Lophyrus Abbot (Tenthredinide) ; Leconte’s Pine-worm, Lophyrus

Leconter (Tenthredinide); the Colorado Potato-beetle (Chryso-

melidz); the Army-worm, Leucania unipuncta (Noctuide); the

Wheat-head Army-worm, Leucania albilinea (Noctuide); the

Rocky Mountain Locust, Caloptenus spretus (Acridide), occupying

more than half the volume; the Hellgrammite, Corydalis cornutus

(Sialidee); and the Yucca-borer, Megathymus Yucce (Hesperide).

Mr. Wollaston has made us acquainted with a new insect-pest

at Madeira (Ann. Nat. Hist., October, 1877), which threatens to

liii

be very destructive to the banana trees in that island. It is

Calandra (Sphenophorus) striatus of Fabricius, which has been

taken “in fabulous numbers” on the trunks of that tree, and of

which Mr. Wollaston himself took as many as fifty specimens in a

few minutes, the larve feeding deeply in the interior of the trees,

and the perfect beetles eating grooves for their exit to the surface

of the stems. The species appears to be a native of Brazil,

although specimens have been also received from India, Tasmania

and Japan, and it is clear that it has been introduced into Madeira

within the last twenty years.

A memoir by Dr. Hagen on the possible mischief likely to result

in the United States by the extension of the ravages of the species

of White Ant, Termes flavipes, and of the most advantageous

measures to be adopted against its inroads, is published in the

‘American Naturalist’ for 1876.

The account of the injuries done to the eggs of fish, at Can-

nara, in India, by Corixa oviwora, published by myself in our

Transactions some years ago, has been supplemented by a state-

ment, made at the last meeting of the Natural History Society of

Gorlitz, that the spawn of the Carp are attacked by the Ranatra

linearis, which sucks the blood out of the young organism; the

only successful mode of preventing the mischief being to drain

the pools and restock them with fish.

A curious notice of the different species of insects introduced

into America with the goods and packages sent to the Inter-

national Exhibition of Philadelphia was given, by Prof. C. V. Riley,

in the ‘Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of St. Louis’ —

(October, 1876). A Committee was subsequently formed, with

Dr. J. L. Leconte as Chairman, for the purpose of drawing up an

account of these different introduced species, and their report is

published in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. (Noy. 1876), in

which thirteen species of beetles, two Tineide, four parasitic

Hymenoptera, and various small Coleoptera, mostly found in

mouldy specimens of straw goods from Italy are described.

The Colorado Beetle (Doryphora decemlineata), which has

committed such extensive ravages on the potato crops of North

America, has been the fruitful source of popular publications

during the past year. The Prussian Government led the way by

haying small models of the insect in its different states, and of

the potato-stem and leaf, extensively distributed; and the Privy

liv

Council in our own country expended a large sum in distributing

magnified illustrations of them all over the country. Dr. Charles

V. Riley’s memoir, with its plate, has been republished in this

country by Messrs. Routledge (‘The Colorado Beetle, with Sug-

gestions for its Repression, and Methods of Destruction,’ 12mo,

1877), a compilation from which, by Dr. Andrew Wilson, was

also published in Edinburgh, by Messrs. Johnson. Dr. Stal

has also issued a small pamphlet with the title ‘Om Colorado

Skalbaggen.’

The natural history of the Rocky Mountain locust (Caloptenus

spretus), and the habits of the young or unfledged insects, as

they occur in the more fertile country in which they will

hatch during the present year, form the subject of the first two

numbers of the ‘Bulletin of the United States Entomological

Commission, issued by the Government Printing Office at

Washington (8vo, 1877).

Prof. C. V. Riley has also published an elegant little volume

entitled ‘The Locust Plague in the United States, being more

particularly a Treatise on the Rocky Mountain Locust, or so-called

Grasshopper, as it occurs east of the Rocky Mountains, with

practical recommendations for its destruction’ (8vo, Chicago,

1877), in which the entire history of this very destructive

insect, in all its stages, is detailed at full length, with excellent

illustrations.

A note, by Dr. H. Weyenbergh, upon the useful properties of

Mantis precaria, has been published in the ‘ Anales de la Republica

Argentina’ (t. iv.). .

‘On the Habits of Ants’ is the title of a pamphlet (large 8vo,

20 pages), published by Sir John Lubbock, full of interesting

particulars of the economy of these insects, “ which have a fair

claim to rank next to man in the scale of intelligence, although

the anthropoid apes no doubt approach nearer to him in bodily

structure.” .

Sir John Lubbock has also, with wonderful perseverance, the

more remarkable from his numerous other and more important

avocations, continued his observations on the habits of ants,

published in the ‘Journal of Proceedings of the Linnean Society.’

The various chapters of this fourth memoir are devoted to—

]. The want of ingenuity in crossing chasms.

2. Experiments testing intelligence.

3. As to power of communication.*

4, Individual influence on character.

5. Intelligence and affection.

6. Experiments on ants under chloroform and intoxicated.

7. Recollection of friends.

8. Experiments with ants of different nests.

9. Contrast in behaviour of different kinds of ants.

10. Suspected cannibalism.

11. Experiments testing the senses, sight and hearing.

12. Dependence on slaves.

18. Division of labour, with a wonderful series of tables.

14. Parthenogenesis in ants.

15. Parasites of, and on, Ants, with technical descriptions of a new

species of Phora, and a new genus allied thereto.

An excellent coloured plate of the five species of ants experi-

mented upon accompanies this most interesting memoir.

A memoir, by M. Collin de Plancy, on certain dipterous insects —

parasitic on toads, appears in the ‘ Bulletin’ of the Soc. Zool. de

France, 1877. The author gives a detailed account of the various

instances already published by different authors} of the occur-

rence of Muscideous parasites on these Batrachians, and describes

several other instances in which toads have been found with large

wounds under the eyes infested with dipterous larve of the genus

Lucila (L. bufoniwora), which he believes had laid their eggs in

already formed wounds.

This memoir of M. de Plancy is followed by another, ‘ Sur des

Diptéres Parasites de la Rana esculenta, by M. E. Taton. In

* The observations on this head clearly show that the ant experimented on had

announced to her friends the discovery of a supply of food, although she had not

told them the way to it.

+ Moniez, in ‘ Bull. Scient. Hist. et Litter. du Departm. du Nord.’ Fevyrier, 1876.

De Borre, in ‘ Comptes Rendus,’ Ser. i., No. 30, p. 6.

M. Girard, in ‘Bull. Sceane. Soc. Ent. France, Noy. 1876, Dec. 1876, Jan. 1877,

and May, 1877.

Taton, in ‘ Bull. Sceane. Soc. Ent. France,’ May, 1877.

Boie, in ‘ Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien.,’ 1865, p. 241.

Leliévre, in ‘Bull. Se. Dep. du Nord,’ Aug. & Sept. 1876. .

De la Fontaine, ‘ Reptiles,’ Luxembourg edit., 1870, p. 37,

Selys-Longchamps, in ‘Soc. Ent. Belge,’ 7 Oct. 1876.

McLeay, in ‘ Trans. Ent. Soc. N. 8. Wales,’ vol. i., 1863.

Another memoir on the existence of a Sarcophila parasitic on man, especially

children, and other animals. ‘ Hore Soc. Ent. Ross.,’ and ‘Soc. Linn. du Nord de

France,’ 1 April, 1877, tome iii., p. 241.

Lucas, in ‘Ann, Soc, Ent. France,’ 1851, Bul., p. Ixiii,

lvi

this memoir M. Taton describes some experiments made upon

frogs in order to discover whether the wounds of the Batrachians

infested with larve owed their existence to the eggs having been

deposited by the parent fly on the sound skin of the frogs,

or in previous wounds, the result of which showed that the

parasite larvee only infested previously made wounds. ‘Two, if

not three, distinct species of Muscide were reared by M. Taton

and M. Girard, including Sarcophaga nurus, Rondani (hemor-

rhoidals, Meig.), and S. setinervis ? as determined by M. Bigot.

A peculiar kind of industry, that of breeding maggots, has lately

been tried in Paris. Over the soil were spread large quantities of

stale fish, dead lobsters, odorous poultry, &c. The maggots,

which soon became abundant, were carefully picked out, and

packed in casks of galvanized iron, and finally sold for fish-bait

and chicken feod. The remaining refuse was converted into

manure. The industry having become an intolerable nuisance

in the neighbourhood was put a stop to by the police. (‘ Nature,’

Aug. 9, 1877.)

A short article on the mode of life of the larve of a species of

Phryganea, by Signor Silva de Bell Ville, has appeared in the

‘Organo de la Soc. Zool. Argentina,’ tome 11., Entrega iv.

A curious instance of supposed Commensalism in larve, as

distinguished from Parasitism, is recorded by Fritz Miller, in

‘Nature’ (Jan. 12,1877). I have added a copy of this article to

my paper on “ Lepidopterous Parasitism” (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877),

The agency of insects in effecting the impregnation of flowers

has recently attracted much attention; and we find an entire

chapter devoted to the subject in Mr. Darwin’s remarkable work

on ‘ The Effects of Cross- and Self-fertilisation in the Vegetable

Kingdom,’ in which the perforation of flowers by bees for the

purpose of obtaining the nectar, and the effects thereby produced

on the fertilisation of the flowers, is dwelt upon at great length.

The former work of Mr. Darwin’s on the fertilisation of

Orchids, Sir John Lubbock’s little work ‘British Wild Flowers,’

and a memoir by Miiller in ‘Bienen Zeitung’ for June, 1876,

enter upon the same curious question; and various articles on

this subject have appeared in ‘ Nature’ during the past year, by

Hermann Miiller.

A memoir, “ On certain relations between plants and insects,

including not only the modes of attraction, but the means of

defence which have been elaborated by plants, and also the

influence exercised by plants on insects,’ was read by Sir John

Lubbock, before the Society of Arts, on February 23rd, 1877, in

continuation of his little work on the same subject, and is pub-

lished in the ‘ Journal’ of that Society (vol. xxv., p. 281). In this

memoir the author has entered into the curious questions as to

the colours and markings of the larve of the elephant hawk-moth

(Cherocampa elpenor), raised by Dr. Weissmann; and also on the

curious connection between the larvee of Sitaris and honey, as

investigated by M. Fabre.

The question of the selection of particular species of flowers by

individual specimens of bees or other insects, having for its

object, not supplying the wants of the insect, but the fertilisation

of the plant, has formed the subject of several communications to

‘Nature’ (vol. xvii. pp. 102, 163); an anonymous writer main-

taining that when pollen-grains of different colours and of

different species of plants are found on the thighs of an Andrena,

the plants visited by the insect must have been those the

admixture of whose pollen would induce cross-fertilisation.

In an article on honey-dew, by Dr. Hoffman, of Giessen, it is

asserted that that secretion is not produced by Aphides or other

insects, but is purely vegetable in its origin (‘ Nature,’ Feb. 8th,

1877).

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.

During the past year we have been made acquainted with the

establishment of another Academy of Natural Sciences in the |

United States, at Davenport; and in the first volume of the

Proceedings of which Academy are published a series of papers

on North American insects, namely :—

1. Notes on the maple-bark louse [or scale], Lecaniwm acericola

of Walsh and Riley, a scale insect which has been found very

injurious to the maple trees in Davenport, Lowa.

2. List of Coleoptera found in the vicinity of Davenport.

8. List of Lepidoptera collected in the vicinity of Davenport.

4, List of Coleoptera collected on the Rocky Mountains of

Colorado.

5. List of Lepidoptera collected in Colorado, with dates and

localities.

6. Report on the insects collected by Capt. Jones’ expedition

vii

to North Western Wyoming: — Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera,

Coleoptera, and Neuroptera; with dates and localities.

All the preceding memoirs are by J. D. Putnam.

7. List of Hymenoptera collected by J. D. Putnam; with

descriptions of two new species, Nomada Putnam and Anthophora

albata. By E. T. Cresson. .

The Proceedings of the Linnean Society contain an abstract of

a memoir, by Mr. M‘Lachlan, of the insects collected in the late

Arctic Expedition. A notice of this paper has appeared in

‘Nature’ of the 22nd December last.

The Annulosa collected at the Duke of York Island, New

Ireland, and new Britain, have been described in the Proceedings

of the Zoological Society, 1877 (part 1), as follows:—The

Crustacea (sixteen species), by EH. J. Miers; the Lepidoptera

(forty Rhopalocera and ten Heterocera, including Aleides aurora,

pl. 28, figs., 5, 6), by Messrs. Salvin and Godman; and the

Coleoptera (forty-four species, including new species of Dipelicus,

Oryctoderus, and Batocera), by H. W. Bates.

The collections of articulated animals, found at the Galapagos

Islands during the visit of H.M.S. ‘ Petrel,’ have been described

in the Proceedings of the Zool. Soc. for 1877:—The Crustacea

(four species), by E.J. Miers; the Myriapoda and Arachnida

(seven species), by A. G. Butler; the Coleoptera (including

several new genera), by C. O. Waterhouse; the Hymenoptera (five

species) and Diptera (one species), by F. Smith; the Neuroptera,

by R. M‘Lachlan; the Lepidoptera (two species), the Orthoptera

(six species), the Hemiptera (nine species), and the Homoptera

(nine species), by A. G. Butler.

Some notes, by Mr. W. Macleay, on the Entomology of New

Ireland, have been published in the Proceedings of the Linnean

Society of New.South Wales (vol. i., part 4).

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan has called attention (in ‘ Nature,’ vol. xvii.,

No. 162, December 27, 1877) to the remarkable fact, having

reference to the geographical distribution of animals, that in Chili

and the extreme southern portion of South America there are

found several well-marked palearctic or nearctic forms not found

otherwise in America, South of Mexico, and equally unknown in

the southern hemisphere of the Old World. Such are the genera

—Carabus, Argynnis, and Colias—to which Mr. M‘Lachlan adds

several T'richoptera, of the family Limnophilide, which are rich

lix

in species in the northern regions and also in Chili, Araucania,

and the Falkland Islands, but not elsewhere South of Mexico in

the New World, nor of the Himalayas in the Old World. Mr.

M‘Lachlan accounts for this by supposing that at the close of the

northern glacial epoch a few stragglers of these groups, instead

of wending their way northwards, mistook the points of the

compass, and went southwards. Mr. Wallace has replied to this

article in a subsequent number of ‘ Nature.’

“A Cosmopolitan Butterfly; its Birthplace and Natural

History,” is the title of a memoir, published by Mr. S. H.

Scudder, in the ‘American Naturalist,’ 1876. Vanessa Cardui is

the only butterfly whose range is so extended as to be termed

cosmopolitan; and the enquiry as to its exact range, its natural

history, its migrations, the variation of the periodicity in different

seasons and in different countries, and the distribution of its

plant-foods, has resulted in several interesting points of general

interest.

Memoirs containing descriptions of insects of various orders

and families inhabiting different countries are noticed in the

portion of this Address devoted to

DESCRIPTIVE ENTOMOLOGY.

CRUSTACEA.

The first number of the ‘Bulletin of the Natural-History

Society and Museum of Illinois’ contains a paper, by 8S. A.

Forbes, on the Crustacea of that State, including twelve species

of Cambarus (three of which are new), two species of Crangonyx,

and three Gammari.

Descriptions of two new species of Crustacea from New

Zealand, Trichoplatus Huttoni (= Halimus Hector, Murs.) and

Acanthophrys Filhoti, are published by M. A. M. Edwards, in

Ann. Sc. Nat. (ser. vi., vol. iv.).

The Crustacea, collected by the Rev. G. Brown ‘“‘on Duke of

York Island,” have been catalogued and described by Mr. Edward

J. Miers (Proceed. Zool. Soc., February 20, 1877). They repre-

sent sixteen species, none of which are new to Science, and

belong to well-known forms, generally distributed throughout the

Indo-Pacific region.

The same author has also published descriptions and figures

of the Crustacea of Kerguelen-Land (Transit of Venus Expedition,

Zool., pl. xi.); and also of a small interesting new species of crab

belonging to the Oxystomata, although bearing a strong resem-

blance to certain Cancride, under the name of Acteomorpha erosa,

from Australia (Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. xii., pl. 14).

The position of the Anomourous division of the decapod

Crustaeea has been the subject of much discussion, including as

it does groups of great diversity, the hermit crabs differmg most

widely from the Hippide. A small species, Hippa talpoida,

found along the whole of the eastern coast of the United States,

has furnished the subject of a memoir by Mr. Sidney Smith, of

Yale College, in the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy

(vol. ii. p. 811). This species passes through a larva state

similar to Z@a, but destitute of a large dorsal spine. ‘They then

assume the Megalopa form, with large eyes, and powerful,

abdominal swimming legs, but burying themselves in sand with

great alacrity. Hence the embryonic development of Hippa, like

that of Albunea, studied by Claus, agrees much more with the

Brachyura than with the Paguri and lobsters.

An account of the Crustacea collected by the Rev. A. EH.

Eaton at Spitzbergen has been published by Mr. Miers, in the

Annals Nat. Hist., February, 1877.

A memoir, by E. J. Miers, on the Leucosiade and on Matuta,

appears in the Transactions of the Linnean Society (2nd ser.,

WOlk te Toll, &))s

A memoir, by Alois Humbert, on blind Crustacea (Niphargus

and Crangonyx), in which the conclusions of Rougemont are

opposed, appears in the Archiv. Sci. Phys. et Natur. (Ann. Nat.

Hist., March, 1877).

““Notes on Sessile-eyed Crustacea,’ by Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing

(Annals Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol.i. p. 31), including descriptions and

figures of a new species of Caprella, dredged at Salcombe,

Stimpsonia chelifera, Sp. Bate and Westw.; and notes on other

Amphipodous Crustacea.

Descriptions of new and little-known Amphipodous Crustacea,

Amphilochus concnna, Danara dubia, Callimerus acutidigitata, and

Cratippus (Haunguia) stilipes, all from ‘Torbay, are also described

by Mr. Stebbing, in Ann. Nat. Hist. (4th ser., vol. xviii. p. 448).

V. Lilljeborg, ‘Synopsis Crustaceorum suecicorum ordinis

Branchiopodorum et subordinis Phyllopodorum. Upsala.

lxi

A memoir, by Kurz, on the Lerneopodide, appears in Siebold

and Kélliker’s ‘ Zeitschrift’ (vol. xxix. Heft 3).

A curious memoir on the anatomy and transformations of the

parasitic crustacean, Tracheliastes polycolpus, with three plates,

appears in Siebold and Kolliker’s ‘ Zeitschrift’ (vol. xxix. pl. 1).

An extended memoir, by Dr. Weismann, on the “ Naturge-

schichte der Daphnoidea,’ with especial reference to the

embryology of the species, appears in Siebold and Kélliker’s

‘ Zeitschrift’ (vol. xxviii.), illustrated by five large plates.

A memoir, by Drs. Weismann and Griber, appears in the

‘Bericht’ of the Freiburg Society of Naturalists, on the

erustaceous family Daphniade, noticed in ‘ Nature,’ October 11,

1877.

ARACHNIDA.

Prof. Lebert has contributed an elaborate memoir, on the

spiders of Switzerland, to the general Swiss Society of Natural

History of Zurich, and which entirely occupies the second part

of its ‘ Transactions’ for the past year.

The spiders of Hungary form the subject of a handsome royal

Ato volume, with three plates, forming part of the ‘ Transactions

of the Royal Hungarian Natural History Society,’ by the assistant

director, Otto Hermann, of Buda Pest. This first volume treats

of the bibliography of the tribe, and the life-history of spiders in

general, as well as the geographical distribution of the Hungarian

species, the technical description of which will occupy a second

volume.

An extensive list, with descriptions, of the spiders and other

Arachnida of the Argentine Republic, by E. L. Holmberg, has

appeared in the ‘Anales de Agricultura de la republica Argentina’

(vol. iv.), which has also been separately published, but without

the plates, by the Sociedad Cientifica de Buenos Aires, and in the

‘Periodico Zoologico’ of the Sociedad Zoologica Argentina

(Cordoba, 1877). The species described are Isometrus fuscus,

Bothriurus vittatus, Guer.; Telegonus (two species) and Cerco-

phonius (one species) belonging to the Scorpiones; Pachylus

(two species) and Ostracidiwm (one species) belonging to the

Opiliones, and one species of Chelifer. This memoir has been

republished in the ‘ Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias’

(tom. ii.).

Ixii

The Araneides of the Chevert Expedition have been described

by H. H. B. Bradley, in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society

of New South Wales (vol. i1. part 2).

A list of the spiders captured in the Seychelles Islands by

Prof. E. P. Wright, with descriptions of species supposed to be

new to arachnologists, by John Blackwall, F'.L.8., accompanied

by notes by the Rey. O. P. Cambridge, has been published in the

‘Proceedings’ of the Royal Irish Academy (August, 1877), with two

excellent plates by Mr. Tuffen West. Four species of Salticus,

one Lissomanes, one Thomisus, one Olios, one Sparassus (?), one

Clubiona, one Theridion, one Argynodes, three Hpeire, one Nephila,

and two Tetragnathe are described as new.

A memoir by Kramer on the classification of the Acaride

appears in ‘ Archiv. f. Naturg.’ (48rd year, 2nd Heft). Also, by

the same author, two remarkable new genera of Acaride, Labi-

dophorus talpe and Pygmephorus spinosus, are described and |

illustrated in the 8rd Heft of the same work.

A memoir on the curious transformations which occur in

various species of mites, especially in the genus Trombidwm,

with two plates, is given by M. Megnin (Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. vi.,

vol. iv.).

A remarkable genus of Acaride (Heterotrichus, belonging to

the Gamaside), covered with strong bristles, is described by

Donnadieu, in the ‘ Microscopical Journal’ for June last, in which

also appear a number of excellent illustrations of different Acaride

by Tuffen West. J :

A large magnified figure of the tick found in considerable

numbers in the woodwork of the roof of Blyborough Church,

supposed to be parasitic on the bats, of which a good many were

disturbed in repairing the roof, is given by Mr. C. F. George, in

the ‘ Quarterly Journal’ of Quekett Microsc. Club, 24th Novy. 1876,

pl. 21 & 22 (and in ‘Science Gossip, 1877, p. 104). It is given

us the Argas Fischeru of Walcken., but it seems to me identical

with A. Pipistrelle, Aud.

The Acarideous genera Dermaleichus (= Analges), Freyana and

Picobia, are fully described, and-illustrated with two fine plates,

by G. Haller, in Siebold and Kolliker’s ‘ Zeitschrift’ for November

last. Thirteen species of the first named genus, parasites on

birds, are described with very full biological details of both sexes

and their transformations. Freyana anatina is parasitic on

Anas boschas, and Picobia is an internal subcuticular parasite

on birds.

A memoir, by Dr. Thorell, on Persian and Sardinian

Opilionides in the Museum of Genoa, with a revision of the

genera, appears in the ‘Bericht’ of the Freiburg Society of

Naturalists.

An extended memoir, entitled ‘‘ Phytoptocecidien,” on the

plant-galls formed by the singular little mites of the genus

Phytoptus, is published in Giebel’s ‘ Zeitschrift’ (June, 1877,

Series i1., Band 1), by Dr. F. Thomas.

Prinova.

The species of insects figured by Goedartius, in his ‘ Historia

Naturalis Insectorum,’ have been subjected to careful inquiry in

several recent works:—H. P. Snelleman, in the ‘ Album der

Natuur’ (1877, p. 203); Werneburg, in ‘ Beitrage zur Schmetter-

lingskunde ;' Dr. Snellen van Vollenhoven, in the ‘ Transactions

of the Dutch Entomological Society,’ in which last memoir a

concordance is given of all the species as determined by these

different writers.

The following popular French works, forming a series of

handsome 4to volumes on entomological subjects, have appeared

from the house of Rothschild, of Paris :—

‘Musée Entomologique Illustré,—Les Coléoptéres : Organiza-

tion, Mceurs, Chasse, Collections, Classification.’ 48 plates and

335 woodcuts.

‘Les Papillons: Organization, Mceurs, Chasse, Classification.’

By Depuiset. 50 plates and 260 woodcuts.

‘Les Insectes, Organization, Mcurs, Chasse, Collections,

Classification,’ containing the remaining orders. With 24 plates

and 450 woodcuts.

‘Anatomie et Physiologie de l’Abeille,’ par Michael Girdwoyn.

12 lithographic plates.

COLEOPTERA.

Coleopterists may be congratulated on the completion of

Harold and Gemminger’s great ‘ Catalogue of Coleoptera’ with

the 12th volume. ‘The number of species already described and

lxiv

enumerated in this work is 77,908, the chief families (exclusive

of several of the smaller groups) being as follows :—

Cicindelidee - - - - : 2 803

Carabide - - - - - - - 8,516

Dytiscide - - - - - - - 948

Gyrinide - - - - - - - 147

Hydrophilide = - - - - - - 573

Staphylinide - - - - - - 4,180

Pselaphide - - - - - - 450

Pausside - - - - - - 99

Scydmenide - - - : - : 269

Silphide - - - - - - - 460

Histeride - - = - : ape olealteyi

Lucanide - - - - - - 529

Lamellicornia - - - - Lo GO)

Buprestide - : - - - 2,686

Elateride - - - - - : 2623098

Malacodermids - - - : = |) 2160

Cleridz = - - - - - - 697

Tenebrionidee - - - - - = abl)

Cantharidee - - - - - - 812

Curculionids : en vinere - - - 10,196

Cerambycidee - - - - : 2) Ugo

Chrysomelide = - - - ° - - 10,196

EHrotylide - - - - - - > Ih glat

Endomychide = - - - - - 366

Coccinellidze - - - - - - 1,449

In the most recent general work on the invertebrated animals

(Huxley’s ‘ Manual,’ p. 256), the number of all the Arthropoda is

estimated at rather above than below 200,000, of which the

larger proportion, probably more than 150,000, are insects, all

the rest of the animal kingdom numbering 50,000 species. Con-

sidering, as I think we are justified in doing, that there are not

fewer than 100,000 species of beetles, I should rather think the

total number of insects (including Crustacea and Arachnida),

cannot be fewer than a million.

Our lamented member, T. Y. Wollaston, completed his labours

upon the Coleopterous fauna of the Atlantic islands, a few weeks

before his death, by the publication of his ‘Coleoptera Sanctze

Helene ’ (8vo, 256 pages and | plate, Van Voorst), in which are

Ixy

contained descriptions of the 203 species of beetles which he

collected in the Island of St. Helena; of this number it would

- appear that there is every reason to suppose that fifty-seven —

species have been introduced into the island through various

external media; seventeen other species are probable intro-

ductions (four, indeed, possessing very slight claims to having

been ever found in the island); leaving one hundred and twenty-

nine species as ‘the veritable descendants of the Autochthones of

the soil’; and of these, ninety-one are Rhynchophorous and

fourteen Geodephagous; leaving only twenty-four species, dis-

tributed thus, Heteromera, six; Brachelytra, six; Priocerata,

three ; Phytophaga, three; Lamellicornia, two; Pseudo-trimera,

two; ‘Trichopterygia, one; and Necrophaga, one; the Hydra-

dephaga, Philhydrida, and Longicornia being absent: whilst of

the ninety-one Rhynchophora not fewer than fifty-four belong to

the Cossonide, and twenty-six to the Anthribide. ‘The presence

of so many weevils and the nearly complete absence of plant

beetles (Phytophaga) and Lamellicorns is very remarkable.

The peculiar geographical position of the island renders the

geographical distribution of its inhabitants exceedingly interesting,

and we accordingly find that the author entered very fully into

this question in his Introduction.

A series of articles on the Coleoptera of Japan are published

in the ‘Deutsche Entomol. Zeitschr.’ for 1877, namely, the

Carabidae, by Putzeys; Damaster, by Kraatz; Staphylinide and

Pselaphide, by Weise; Silphide, by Kraatz; MNitidulide, by

Reitter; Scotylide, by Hichhoff.

The same work contains an article on the Coleoptera of

Auckland Island, by Von Kiesenwetter.

Dr. Kirsch has published a memoir, entitled, ‘ Neue Kifer aus

Malacca,’ containing sixty-six species, of different families, in the

Ist Heft of the ‘Mittheilungen’ of the Dresden Museum of

Zoology (4to, 1877). He has also published the descriptions of

one hundred and ten species of Coleoptera from New Guinea,

including five new genera (chiefly Rhynchophorous), in the 2nd

Heft of the same work.

We are indebted to Dr. J. L. Leconte for very careful lists of

the Coleoptera collected, 1st, in California, and 2nd, in Southern

. Colorado and Northern New Mexico, with descriptions of ten

new species collected by the expeditions for geographical surveys

Ixvi

west of the one hundredth meridian, and published as part of

an Appendix (J J.) to the ‘Annual Report of the Chief of the

Engineers,’ Washington, 1876.

A descriptive account of the Cicindelide and Carabide collected

by Raffray in Abyssinia, including a number of new species, is

published by Baron Chaudoir in the Rev. and Mag. Zool. 1876,

(pts. 10 and 11.)

“Notes on the Cicindelide of the United States,” by Dr. J. L.

Leconte, published in the Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. (v. 5),

contains the description of anew species of Omus, six new species

of Cicindela, with figures of the elytra of several species,

including C. Magdalene, so named by Dr. Leconte in com-

memoration of his visit to Magdalen College, Oxford, the only

known specimen of which species is in the Hope Collection in

the Oxford Museum.

“Notes on the Rhysodide of the United States,” by Dr. J. L.

Leconte, also published in the Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. (vol. v.),

contains descriptions of two species of the singular genus

Ehysodes (one new), three species of Clinidiwm, Klug. (one new).

These descriptions are followed by an inquiry into the relations

of the Rhysodide, which are considered as most intimately allied

to the Cupeside, and as “quite distinct from any existing types,

and as the ‘remains’ of a series of Coleoptera existing in former

times which was of an undifferentiated nature, and was the original

stem, or contained the ancestry, if I may use the realistic expres-

sion of a modern school, of the several series which are comprised

in the now existing great complex of normal Coleoptera with the

penultimate joint of the tarsi not anchylosed to the last joint,

consisting of the series Adephaga, Clavicornia, Lamellicorna and

Serricornia.”

“ Description of New Coleoptera of the United States: with

Notes on Geographical Distribution,’ by Dr. J. L. Leconte,

- appears in the ‘Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.’ (vol. 5). Twenty-five

new species of different families are here described.

A very careful investigation of the whole of the structure and

character of the genus Hypocephalus, one of the most ano-

malous of known beetles, by Dr. J. L. Leconte, has been pub-

lished in the Transactions of the American Entomological Society

(vol. v.), followed by a comparison with the characters of other

Coleopterous groups, with which it has been assumed to be

Ixvil

related, which has led Dr. Leconte to adopt the opinion advanced

by Spinola that the insect must be excluded from all other

families of Coleoptera, but that, as first suggested by myself, it

belongs to a series connecting Passandra, Catogenus and Rhysodes

with Calodromus and the Brenthide, a suggestion which I subse-

quently modified in deference to the authority of Burmeister and

others. Dr. Leconte goes further than this, maintaining that it

is “still more isolated, and represents a fragment of a very

old fauna, of ‘which, as I have already endeavoured to show,

Trictenotoma, Cupes, and Rhysodes * are remnants, to which, also,

the Brenthide, though numerous, and perhaps greatly modified

in recent geological times, might be added.’—Op. cit., p. 216.

A memoir on the family Pselaphide is given by Schaufuss, in

his ‘‘ Nunquam Otiosus”’ (ii. p. 450), in which several new genera

and species are described.

A monograph of the Australian species of Lycide is given in

the Trans. Ent. Soc., London, June, 1877, by Mr. C. O. Water-

house, containing thirty-eight species, of which twenty-four are

described as new. The same author has also published mono-

graphs of the genera Calochromus and Callirrhipis, consisting for

the most part of Malayan species, in the ‘ Cistula Entomologica’

(part xvi.) and Trans. Ent. Soc.

Dr. Sharp has published descriptions of New Zealand Elateride

in Ann. Nat. Hist., May and June last; and of other New Zealand

beetles in the Ent. Mo. Mag.

A memoir, also by Dr. Sharp, containing Ee Desenneone of some

New Forms of Aberrant Melolonthini from Australia, forming a

Distinct Sub-Tribe (Systellopides) allied to Pachypus” is pub-

lished in Annali del Mus. Civic. di Sci. Nat. di Genova (vol. ix.)

March, 1877; and the same work also contains the description of

anew genus of Dynastide from New Guinea, by the same writer.

Descriptions of six new and beautiful species of exotic

Cetoniide are published by Mr. Oliver Janson in the ‘ Cistula

Entomologica’ (vol. ii. part 15.)

- M. Lichtenstein has communicated to the Academie des Sciences

of Paris the successful result of his investigation of the various

larval states of the common blister beetle (Cantharis vesicatoria),

which agree in the main with the details which have been

* Leconte, ‘“‘ Notes on the Rhysodide of the United States,” Tr. Am, Ent, Soe.,

1875, p. 162, seq.

Ixvili

published of the other Vesicantia. ‘Comptes Rendus,’ Oct. 1, 1877

(p. 628), and Ann. Nat. Hist. (5 Ser., vol.i., p. 104.)

In the Transactions of the Saint Louis Academy of Science

November 5, 1877, Prof. C. V. Riley has published an admirable

memoir “On the Larval Characters and Habits of the Blister

Beetles belonging to the Genera Macrobasis, Lec., and Epicauta,

Fabr.: with Remarks on other Species of the Family Meloide,”

of which an abstract has been published in the Ent. Monthly

Mag., but without the excellent figures with which the original

memoir is illustrated. Unlike the allied Kuropean genera, the

young larve of the Hpicaute are found of different ages within

the egg-pods and devouring the eggs of a locust, Caloptenus

spretus. ‘These larve, however, like their European relatives, go

through several hypermetamorphoses, differing, however, in many

important respects from Meloé and Sitaris.

This paper is followed by another by the same author, ‘“ On a

Remarkable New Genus in Meloide infesting Mason-Bee Cells in

the United States.” This new genus and species, named Hornia

minutipennis, has the appearance of a small Meloé, but with minute

divaricating elytra and quite simple tarsal claws. These two

memoirs constitute one of the most important contributions which

have recently been made towards the biology of the Coleoptera.

Mr. Pascoe has published the descriptions of a considerable

number of species of Coleoptera from New Zealand, chiefly

Curculionidé (Annals Nat. Hist., February, 1877.)

We are indebted to Drs. John L. Leconte and George H. Horn

(par nobile fratrum) for an 8vo volume of 470 pp. (published as

the fifteenth volume of the ‘ Proceedings of the Americal Philo-

sophical Society,’ held at Philadelphia, for the Promotion of Useful

Knowledge), upon the Rhynchophora of America, north of Mexico.

The numerous* species of weevils inhabiting North America are

divided into three primary groups :—

1. Hapnocastra. Abdomen alike in both sexes; pygidium small; elytra

without lateral fold on the inner surface. Fam. Rhinomaceride, Rhyn-

chitide and Attelabide.

2. ALLoGasTRA. Abdomen dissimilar in the two sexes, those of the males

with an additional anal segment; pygidium large; elytra with an acute

lateral fold on the inner surface. Fam. Brysopide, Ottorhynehide, Cur-

culionide and Brenthide.

* Unfortunately the enumeration of the species is irregular in the text,

lxix

3. Herrrogastra. Abdomen alike in both sexes; elytra with a distinct

lateral fold on the inner surface. Fam. Calandride, Anthribide, Scolytide

‘and Apionide.* .

These insects are regarded by Dr. Leconte as “ the lowest type

of Coleoptera, and therefore geologically the oldest. Regarding,

then, the fixity of insect types as shown by the resemblance of

ancient forms to those of the present time, the uniformity in food

and manner of life, and the immense number of genera in this

complex, we have a right to expect that there will be a propor-

tionally larger survival of unchanged descendants of those species

or genera which were first introduced. We will therefore have

a more perfect series of connecting forms than can be found in

other orders of insects, whose methods of life expose them to the

influences of destruction or modification by external circum-

stances.” A remarkale Appendix is given, drawn up with much

labour by Mr. B. P. Mann, of Cambridge, Mass., of the biblio-

graphy of memoirs relating to the Economic Entomology of the

Rhynchophora of the United States, relating to the benefits, habits,

proposed remedies against, descriptions, injuries, seasons, food,

localities and transformations, derived from the ‘ American Ento-

mologist, the ‘ Practical Entomologist,’ ‘New England Farmer,’

‘Packard’s Guide, MHarris’s ‘Insects injurious to Vegetation,’

Fitch’s ‘ Reports on Insects of New York,’ ‘ Transactions of New

York State Agricultural Society,’ Riley’s ‘ Reports,’ Walsh’s ‘ Re-

port on Insects of [llinois,’ and ‘ Canadian Entomologist,’ and in

‘Psyche,’ published in monthly numbers by the Cambridge Ento-

mological Club, Cambridge, Mass.

A remarkable tabular synopsis of the Rhynchophora and their

geographical distribution in the different zoological provinces of

temperate North America, has also been published by Drs. J. L.

Leconte and G. H. Horn, in the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Amer. Phil.

Soc., vol. xvi., No. 96, in which are tabulated the numbers of

already described and new species; also of the geographical

distribution of the genera, whether Atlantic, Central or Pacific,

and a similar table of the geographical distribution of the species.

The total number of the genera is 270, and that of the species is

922. The instances in which similar extraordinary forms occur

* This classification is opposed by M. Roelofs, ‘ Compte-Rendre Soc, Ent. Belg.,’

26 December, 1877,

lxx

in geographical regions very remote from each other corresponded

with what Dr. Leconte had previously shown in the other higher

types of Coleoptera, and he again expressed the opinion that the

isolated and feebly represented, though sometimes widely dis-

tributed forms in insects, were representative survivals of the

faune of former geological periods.

A supplement to the list of Dutch Coleoptera, by Dr.J. EK. Everts,

with an especial list of the Halticide, carefully worked out by

A. F. Leesberg, is given in the 4th part of the 20th volume of the

‘Transactions’ of the Dutch Entomological Society. The total

number of species recorded is 2397.

Mr. Baly has, with unwearied industry, continued his descrip-

tions of the interminable species of Phytophagous Beetles. The

‘Journal of Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ vol. xiil., con-

tains descriptions of thirty new Australian species, four of which

constitute new genera belonging to the families Chrysomelide and

Halticine.

A monograph of the Phytophagous genus Humolpus, together

with descriptions of new species belonging to that family, is pub-

lished by Mr. Baly, in Trans. Ent. Soc., 1877, as well as a paper

containg descriptions of new exotic genera and species of Crypto-

cephalides. Papers, by the same writer, on exotic species of

Phytophagous beetles, of various families and of various

countries, appear in Ann. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3, vol. i.); and in the

seventeenth part of the ‘Cistula Entomologica,’ Mr. Baly has

published descriptions of a number of new species of exotic

Phytophaga, without any indications of the families to which they

belong. This desultory and ubiquitous mode of publication is

most inconvenient to the student of the great tribe to which

Mr. Baly devotes his labours.

ORTHOPTERA.

Dr. C. Stal has published a considerable addition to our know-

ledge of South African Orthoptera, collected in Damaraland and

Ovampo, in his “ Bidrag till sodra Afrikas Orthopter fauna,” in

the ‘ Kongl. Vet. Akad. forhandl.’ (1876): the greater number of

new species, with various new genera, belong to the Acridiodea

and Locustina. <A listis also given of twenty-one species from

Cape Land, including one new species, Maxentius fusco-

fasciatus.

lxx1

The same author has also published the following Orthoptero-

logical memoirs, presented to the Royal Academy of Stockholm,

Band 4, No. 5 :—

1. “Les Genres des Acridiodées de la Faune Européenne.”

2. “ Apercu des Genres des Acridiodées de 1 Amerique du Nord.”

3. “Sur Anostostoma et quelques Genres voisins.”

4, “ Diagnoses d’Orthoptéres nouveaux.”

A list of the Orthoptera of Illinois, containing forty-six

species, of which two are new, by Cyrus Thomas, is published in

the ‘ Bulletin’ of the Museum of Illinois.

We have to welcome the appearance of the first part of the

‘Annales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural,’ con-

taining a synopsis of the Orthoptera of Spain and Portugal, by

M. Bolivar.

A memoir by Mr. Samuel H. Scudder, upon the Orthopterous

insects collected by the United States Expedition for Geographical

Surveys West of the 100th Meridian during the field season of

1875, has appeared as an appendix, “J.J.,” to the ‘ Annual Report

of the Chief of the Engineers’ (Washington). The fifty species

here described were collected chiefly in New Mexico and in the

eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, and of this number nearly

one half proved uew to science. Three crickets, nine long-horned

grasshoppers, and thirty-six locusts (Acridzz), are described and

careful tabulations of the species of Pezotettia, and of the sixteen

genera of Gdipodide, of which several are new are added.

We are indebted to Mr. S. H. Scudder for a valuable tabulation »

of the primary groups of Orthoptera, with references to al] the

works in which American species of the order have been published

(‘Psyche,’ vol. 1., No. 26).

We are further indebted to Mr. Scudder for a memoir on the

mode in which the wings of the Blattide and earwigs are folded

and unfolded, being a supplement to the memoirs of M. H. de

Saussure on this subject (‘American Naturalist,’ Sept. 1876).

Careful descriptions of the thirty-eight species of earwigs known

to be natives of North America and the West Indies are given by

Mr. Scudder, in the ‘ Bulletin of the Geological and Geographical

Survey of the U.S. Territories,’ vol. ii., No. 3 (Washington), together

with some short notes on the fossil species of the group hitherto

observed in North America.

Ixxii

The same work also contains a list of the Orthoptera collected

by Dr. A. 8. Packard in Colorado and the neighbouring territories

during the summer of 1875, consisting of twenty-nine species, of

which seven are new. Four new genera are also indicated.

Descriptions of twenty-three new species of Forficulide are

given by Mr. 8. H. Scudder, in the Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.

(vol. xviii.). The same author has also published in this volume a

series of critical and historical notes on the Forficularie, including

descriptions of new generic forms and an alphabetical synonymical

list of the described genera, and another alphabetical list of the

described species, with occasional brief notes; the species not being

arranged in a single alphabetical series with a reference to their

respective genera, but the species belonging to each genus are

placed alphabetically under each genus.

_*Mélanges Orthoptérologiques,’ fasc. V., Gryllides, by M. H. de

Saussure, form part of the memoirs of the Société de Physique

et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve (tom. xxv., 1877). The present part of

this valuable work is devoted to the family of the crickets, to which

the name of Gryllide is applied, and which are divided into six

tribes :—1. Gryllotalpii, including the Tridactylites; 2. Myrme-

cophili; 3. Gryllia; 4. @canthii; 5. Trigonidit and Eniopterit.

The genera and species are described with the accustomed skill of

the author, and the plates are overflowing with generic details of

these little studied but very curious insects.

Descriptions of twenty-one new species of Orthoptera belonging

to the family of the Locusts (4ertidiodea, Burm.) from Senegal,

including several new genera, are described by Krauss, in the

Proceedings of the Imp. Acad. Sci., Vienna, 21 June, 1877.

In his ‘Systema Mantodeorum, Essai d’une systematisation

nouvelle des Mantodées’ (Stockholm, 1877, 8vo, ninety-one pages

and one plate), Dr. Stal has introduced a new element in

the primary distribution of the genera of Mantide (which he

divides into six subfamilies, Amorphoscelide, Eremophilide, Man-

tide, Vatide, Harpagide and Lmpuside), founded chiefly upon

denticulation of the anterior tibize and veining of the wings. A

great number of new genera and species, especially from the

collection of M. Brunner de Wattenwyl, are described in this

memoir.

Descriptions of two new genera of Mantide from India, and a

note on the femoral brushes of the Mantide, by Mr. Wood-Mason,

Ixxili ~

appear in the Annals Nat. Hist., of March last, and descriptions

of new species of Phasmide in the ‘ Annals’ for June; also de-

scriptions of Phasmide and Mantide from Australia and New

Britain in the ‘ Annals’ for July.

Several new species of Phasmide are described and excellently

figured by Mr. Wood-Mason in the ‘ Journal of the Asiatic Society

of Bengal,’ vol. xlvi., 1877.

NEUROPTERA.

Dr, Hagen has published a 4to report on the collections of

Neuroptera and Pseudo-Neuroptera made in portions of Colorado,

New Mexico, and Arizona. A large portion of the collection was

unfortunately destroyed by a railroad accident, so that only four

new species of different families are here described.

Dr. Hagen has described a new genus and species, Symphrasis

signata, from California, belonging to the curious group of

Mantispides, to which new genus my MM. myrapetrella is also

associated (Stettin Ent. Zeitung).

A memoir on the habits of Embia (a genus allied to the white

ants), by Mr. M‘Lachlan, with an account of its nymph state, and

a description of four new species, one of which was found in

a hothouse, in London, among plants of Saccolobium retusum,

imported from India, is published in the ‘ Proceedings of the

Linnean Society.’

An article by Dr. C. von Siebold, on the curious genus

Helicopsyche, one of the caddice-flies, the larve of which

construct cases which had been mistaken for shells, and had been —

so-called, appears in the ‘ Bolletino’ of the Italian Entomological

Society (vol. viii.).

HYMENOPTERA.

Mr. P. Cameron has published a very serviceable series of notes

on the modes of collecting and studying the habits of the various

species of plant-feeding Hymenoptera (Tenthredinide and Cyni-

pide), both in the perfect and preparatory states, and has added a

list of their food-plants, indicating those which are infested by

gall-makers or leaf-miners (Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow,

January, 1877).

The same author has given descriptions of new genera and

species of Indian Tenthredinide in the Kast Indian and British

Ixxiv

Museums, including two new genera, Szobla and Ancyloneura,

published in the ‘Transactions’ of the Entomological Society of

London for 1877.

Mr. Cameron has also published his notes on the seven Old-

World species of Athalia (including the destructive “ nigger,” or

“black-jack,” of the turnip), in the same work, for January,

1877.

A monograph of the British species of the Tenthredinideous

genera Phenusa (seven species) and Cladius (seven species), in

which the larve of nearly all the species, as well as the perfect

insects, and their food-plants and habits, are carefully described,

is published by Mr. P. Cameron, in the ‘ Proceedings of the

Natural History Society of Glasgow.’

A series of notes, with localities and habits of various species of

Tenthredinide and Cynipide found in the Clydesdale district, are

given by Mr. P. Cameron, in the ‘ Proceedings of the Natural Hist.

Soc. of Glasgow,’ April, 1874, including very careful descriptions

of the larve of four species of Trichiosoma, which had been

hitherto confused, namely, 7. lucorum, L., on birch; Sordi, Hartig,

on Pyrus aucuparia; Vitelline, on willows; and Betuleti, KI.

(Crategt, Zadd.), on the hawthorn.

A series of short articles, consisting of translations from Dr.

Mayr’s work on the galls of the oaks of Central Europe, with

woodcut copies of his figures, has for some time past been in

course of publication in the pages of the ‘ Entomologist.’

The structure of the ovipositor of the females of the Cynipide,

illustrated by Aphilothrix Radicis, with highly magnified figures,

is given by Dr. M. W. Beijerinck, in the fourth part of the

twentieth volume of the ‘ Transactions of the Entom. Society of

the Netherlands.’

The fourth and fifth parts of Dr. Snellen van Vollenhoven’s

laborious work on the North-west European Ichneumonideze

(Sensu Linn.) have been published during the past year,

including the genera Metopius, Ewetastes, Codrus, Proctotrupes,

Colpomeria, Lycorina, Pimpla, Tryphon, Mesoleius, Iphiaulax,

Bracon, Oxylabis, Belyta, and Ismarus.

‘Hymenoptera Scandinavie,’ auctore C. G. Thomson (tom. iv.,

pp. 193 to 258); this part, concluding the fourth volume of the

work, is devoted to a portion of the great sub-family Pteromalides,

belonging to the family Chalcidide,

lxxv

In the ‘Entomologist’ for March, 1877, Mr. F. Smith has given

a summary of the new and rare species of Aculeate Hymenoptera,

taken in this country since the termination of the ‘ Entomologist’s

Annual,’ in 18738.

A memoir, in the Russian language, upon the species of Ants

collected in Turkestan by H. Fedtschenko, extending to twenty

pages, 4to, has been published by Dr. Gustav Mayr, as portion of

the travels of that voyager. Fortunately the specific characters of

the new species are given in Latin.

The Smithsonian Institution of Washington has published an

8vo volume, of about 430 pages, by Dr. H. de Saussure, containing

a complete monograph of the solitary species of wasps of America,

north of the Isthmus of Panama, likewise of the Antilles and

Mexico; including the catalogue of all the species hitherto

known in the rest of America. The descriptive portion of the

work is preceded by an excellent introduction, of which the only

passage that appears to me objectionable is one in which the

author recommends that specimens should not be carefully set

whilst fresh; the consequence of this practice would be that the

veining of the wings would not be seen, owing to those organs

being folded, and in many cases the peculiar structure of the legs

would not be at once visible. The number of species described or

mentioned are—Trimeria, one (S. Am.) ; Masaris, three ; Gayella,

one (Chili); Zethus, sixty; Labus, one (Chili); Disceelius, two;

Eumenes, fifty-three ; Montezumia, twenty-four ; Monodia, eleven ;

Norionia, three; Odynerus, one hundred and fifty-nine; Lepto-

chilus,.two; Pterochilus, four ; Ctenochilus, one (Chili); Alastor,

five ; Smithia, one (Africa); with seven uncertain species: total,

three hundred and thirty-eight.

LEPIDOPTERA.

The trustees of the British Museum have at length issued a 4to

volume of excellent coloured plates of Sphingide and nocturnal

Lepidoptera, executed many years ago by Mr. W. Wood, jun.,

with additions and with text by Mr. A. G. Butler.

The first part of the ‘ Mittheilungen’ of the Zoological Museum

of Dresden contains a memoir, by Kirsch, on the Lepidoptera of

New Guinea (one hundred and sixty-seven species, of which only

one hundred and thirty-three are Diurna).

Ixxvi

‘Etudes d’Entomologie, Premiére livraison, Faune des Lépi-

doptéres d’Algerie: Deuxiéme livraison, Nouveaux Lépidopteres de

la Chine.’ By Charles Oberthur (Rennes, 1876). Under this title

M. Oberthur, the purchaser of the famous lepidopterous collection

of M. Boisdaval, has brought out the first two parts of a splendid

work, in small folio, with charming coloured plates, containing

descriptions and figures of new species of lepidopterous insects

from Algeria and China; amongst the latter the famous Armandia

Thattina is represented.

The second series of the continuation of Sepp’s ‘ Nederlandische

Insecten’ has been continued, by Dr. S.C. Snellen van Vollen-

hoven, by the publication of excellent coloured plates, and

descriptions of the following species of moths and their trans-

formations :—Harpella bracitella, Ino Pruni, Paraponyx stratto-

tata, Solenobia triquetrella, Ephestia interpunctella, Coleophora

solitariella, Pempelia Betula, Metrocampa margaritaria, Gra-

pholitha Weeberana, Lioptilus tephradactylus, Adela DeGeerella,

and Hugonia fuscantaria.

The lepidopterous fauna of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands

~ forms the subject of a memoir by Mr. F. Moore, published iu the

Proceedings of the Zool. Soc. of London, June 19, 1877. Two

hundred and seventy-four species (including one hundred and four

Diurna) are introduced into this memoir, of which a considerable

number are new. ‘Three coloured plates, and an excellent

geographical tabulation of the species, complete the technical

descriptions and lists.

Twenty-seven new species of Oriental butterflies of different

families are described by Mr. F. Moore, in the Annals of Nat.

Hist., July, 1877; and a number of new species of heterocerous

Lepidoptera of the tribe Bombyces, collected by Mr. W. B. Pryer, |

chiefly in the district of Shangai, are also described by Mr. Moore,

in the Annals Nat. Hist., Aug. 1877; and the same author has also

published the deseriptions of twenty-five species of Lepidoptera of

different groups, including nine Diurna (Ann. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1877).

Mr. W. F. Kirby has published the Supplement to his Synonymic

Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera, from March, 1871, to June, 1877

_(8vo; London, Van Voorst; 200 pages).

The Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumber-

Jand and Durham (vol. v., pt. 3) contain papers on the Lepidoptera

of those counties, by W. Maling and J. C. Wassermann.

Ixxyil

A remarkable paper, entitled, ‘‘ Notes on some of the Genera [of

butterflies] of Mr. Scudder’s Systematic Revision,” by Mr. T. L.

Mead, appears in the ‘Canadian Naturalist. These notes are

founded on a minute measurement of the lengths of various organs

which have been employed for generic characters, such as the

place of origin of the different branches of the veins of the wings,

the discoidal cell, length of antennz, the joints of the palpi and

joints of the legs, &c., these measurements having been made

by means of a micrometer eye-piece to the thousandth of an

inch, the results proving that the venation of the wing is very

variable in specimens of the same species, and that no generic

distinction whatever can be based on slight differences in the pro-

portionate length of the cell and wing, or the origin of the first

and second branches of the subcostal nervures of the primaries.

A catalogue of the 506 species of Diurnal Lepidoptera of

America north of Mexico is published by Mr. W. H. Edwards

in the Trans. American Entom. Soc., 1877. In this catalogue the

author rejects both the classificational and evolutional views of

Messrs. Bates, Scudder, &c., as well as many of the changes in

the nomenclature proposed by Mr. Scudder. His work, therefore,

“adheres mainly to the order of Doubleday and his associates in

the ‘Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera.” Rejecting, also, the special

classification of the Hesperide proposed by Mr. Scudder “ which

was at once found objectionable on account of the excessive

restriction of the groups called genera,” he has given by way of

supplement a generic classification of them, written by Dr. Otto

Speyer, in which eleven genera only (in lieu of Mr. Scudder’s

thirty-nine) are adopted.

A notice of a small collection (fourteen species) of butterflies

from Cape Breton Island is given by Mr. 8. H. Scudder in the

Proceedings of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist. (vol. xviii.),

noticeable chiefly on account of the. dimorphic and gynandro-

morphic character of the females of Hurymus Philodice, of thirty-

nine specimens of which ten were gynandromorphic females and

eight pallid (dimorphic) females.

A notice of a collection of thirty-three species of butterflies

collected in Colorado and Utah, by Dr. A. S. Packard (all of

which had been previously described), has been published by Mr.

S. H. Scudder in the ‘ Bulletin of the Geological and Geographical

Survey of the United States Territories ’ (vol. ii.)

Ixxvill

A memoir of Messrs. Godman and Salvin on butterflies from

Central America, containing twelve new species and one new

genus (Bolboneura, type Temenis sylphis, Bates), appears in the

Proceedings of Zool. Soc., 1877 (part i.)

A tabulation of the difficult species of the genus of butter-

flies, Parnassius, is given by Schaufuss (‘Nunquam Otiosus,’ ii.,

p: 419).

The description of the preparatory states of Argynnis nyrina,

with very precise notes of the times of moulting, is given by Mr.

W. H. Edwards in the ‘Canadian Entomologist’ for September,

1876; and the same writer has also described the preparatory

states of Lycena comyntas in the same work.

Mr. Hewitson has published another part of his beautiful work

on the Lycenide in the course of the last year.

In ‘ Equatorial Lepidoptera’ (part v.), Mr. Hewitson has also

described thirty new species of butterflies of different families

collected by Mr. Buckley in Bolivia.

Descriptions of numerous new species of Hesperide from various

countries are published by Mr. Hewitson in Annals Nat. Hist.,

December, 1876, January, 1877, and October, 1877.

The 16th and 17th parts of the ‘Cistula Entomologica’ con-

tain papers on species of Danaide and Heliconide, by Mr. A. G.

Butler; on new species of butterflies from the Japanese Island

of Niphon, by Mr. Oliver Janson ; also a paper on a Lepidopterous

genus, Cryptolechia (of which the family is not given), with twenty-

six species, by Mr. A. G. Butler, together with the description of

a new Abyssinian dtliacus, by the last-named author.

The genus of butterflies Huptychia, belonging to the family

Satyride, has formed the subject of a memoir by Mr. A. G. Butler,

published in the ‘ Proceedings of the Linnean Society’ (vol. xiii.,

pl. 12.) One hundred and seventy-nine species are recorded, the

author having added sixty new species in 1866, and ten more in

1867, and thirteen additional are here described. The species,

which are entirely natives of South and Central America, are here

arranged in a number of groups, each named after a typical

species, without divisional characters.

Nine new species of butterflies and moths of different families,

in the collection of the British Museum, from Lake Nyassa and

Queensland, are also described by Mr. Butler, in the Annals Nat.

Hist., June, 1877.

lxxix

A monograph on the genus Castnia and some allied lepidopterous

groups, by myself, is published in the ‘Transactions of the Linnean

Society’ (2nd ser. Zool., vol.i.), with five plates. Sixty-eight species

of Castnia, one of Orthia, seventeen of Synemon, one of Tascina

(n. g. from Singapore), and three of Hecatesia, are described, with

a supplement containing seven species of Othria (n. g.), four of

Damas, one of Burgena, one of Hespagarista, five of Rothia (n. g.),

one of A’giale, and one of Megathymus.

Mr. A. G. Butler’s elaborate revision of the Heterocerous

Lepidoptera of the family Sphingide has been published in the

ninth volume of the ‘Transactions of the Zoological Society.’

The species, 579 in number, are divided into eighty-five genera

and six sub-families. The memoir is illustrated with five excellent

plates of larve and perfect moths.

Mr. W. F. Kirby has published a series of notes on African

Saturnide in the collection of the Royal Dublin Society, in Trans.

Ent. Soc., 1877, including four new species, one of which,

Eudemonia argiphontes, is a remarkable insect closely allied to

but larger than Bombyx brachyura, Drury (argus, Stoll.)

A memoir on the numerous species of the genus Catocala

found in North America appears in the ‘ Canadian Naturalist.’

The Malayan moths of the genus Clezs (Damias p., Boisduval),

including ten species, are catalogued and described by Mr. Butler

in the ‘Annals Nat. Hist.’, May, 1877; as well as “ Descriptions

of new Species of Lepidoptera-Heterocera from Japan,” Part ii.,

Noctuites. Twenty-one species of Noctuide@ are here described.

HEMIPTERA.

The third part of the twentieth volume of the ‘Transactions’ of

the Entomological Society of the Netherlands is occupied with the

continuation of the ‘ Proceedings’ (Verslag) of the Society; and

contains also the memoir of Dr.Snellen yan Vollenhoven on the

Heteropterous Hemiptera of Holland, which is continued and

terminated in the fourth part of the same ‘ Transactions,’ the whole

having been subsequently published in a handsome volume entitled

‘Hemiptera Heteroptera Neerlandica; de inlandsche land en

Waterwantsen.’

M. Signoret has completed his excellent work on the Coccide,

which has appeared from time to time in the ‘Annales’ of the

French Entomological Society since 1868, by the publication of a

Ixxx

Supplement, with notices of fifty-eight species of uncertain genera,

and by an excellent index of the plates and a systematic catalogue

and full alphabetical indices of all the genera and species described

in the various divisions of his memoir.

DIPTERA.

The Baron C. R. Osten-Sacken has enriched Dipterology with a

valuable contribution to the ‘ Bulletin of the Geological and Geo-

graphical Survey of the United States’ (vol. iii. No. 2, Washington,

April, 1877, pp. 165), containing descriptions of the Diptera of the

Region of North America west of the Mississippi, and especially

from California, collected by the author himself. .These countries

seem especially rich in Bombyliide and Asilide, and notes on the

general geographical distribution of these and other groups are

given in the course of the work, to which is also added an Appendix,

containing a more general notice of the geographical distribution of

the Diptera. A great number of new species are described, not

more than fifty having been previously published.

A fine volume entitled ‘ Diptera Neerlandica,’ illustrated with

fourteen plates, has been published by Van der Wulp (large 8vo,

1877).

Microcephalus is the generic name (already preoccupied in

Entomology) given by Schmabl to a new Cistrideous insect from

Western Siberia, allied to Hypoderma, a description of which is

published in the ‘ Deutsche Entomol. Zeitsch.’ for 1877. Nothing

is recorded of the habits of the insect.

MyzosToMATA.

The limits of the great division of the Articulata are gradually

extending, in consequence of the minute attention bestowed on

various hitherto obscure groups. In addition to the Tardigrada,

Pentastomata, Linguatulina, and Peripatus (so excellently worked

out by Mr. Moseley, zoologist of the ‘Challenger’ Expedition), we

must now include the Myzostomata, which have been elaborated

by Dr. L. Graff, in a fine folio monograph, with eleven plates,

entitled “Das genus Myzostoma.” These are small animals

parasitic upon Comatula and other Mediterranean Crinoidea, with

oval or circular slightly convex bodies, with lateral appendages of

varied form, and five pairs of very short-jointed legs, each termi-

nated by a single retractive claw. The mouth is a porrected fleshy

lxxxi

tubular proboscis surrounded by eight small fleshy lobes. The

whole animal resembles a small female Bopyrian, or the female

of the cochineal insect. They are most nearly allied to the

Tardigrades and Linguatule.

P.S.—I accidentally omitted to mention, in the section of this

Address devoted to Economic Entomology, a Report entitled

‘Notes of Observations of Injurious Insects’ noticed during the

year 1877. The name of E. A. Ormerod is appended as the

reporter, who appears to have been assisted by the Rev. T. A.

Preston, one of the indefatigable Masters of Marlborough College,

and E. A. Fitch, of Maldon, Essex. Notes on the times of

appearance and injuries committed by sixteen destructive species

of insects are given (unaccompanied by descriptions of the insects

themselves, the place of which is supplied, for the most part, by

copies of the woodcuts executed from the drawings of Mr. Curtis

and myself for the ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle’ many years ago—a fact

which ought to have been mentioned). It is proposed to publish

these Reports annually, and contributions of observations from

agriculturists or entomologists are requested by the Editors,

who have printed this first Report for distribution amongst the

observers; but which is also procurable gratuitously, together with

sheets for record of observations, on application to the printer,

Mr. Newman.

on ate

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Ixxxill

ABSTRACT OF TREASURER’S ACCOUNT FOR 1877.

Receipts. Pavments.

Bo Oh

Balance in hand from last Rent, Librarian and Office

Account - = : of} (0) Expenses, Teas, &c. -

Arrears of Subscriptions re- Printing : Transactions’ and

ceived in 1877_—s - - 25 4 0 ‘Proceedings’ : =

Subscriptions for 1877 - 161 14 0} Plates, Drawing, Engraving

Admission Fees - - - is) fs} (U and Printing - 5

Donations - - - - 2612 6) Do., Colouring : -

Sale of Publications - - 109 8 1) Binding and Purchase of

Dividend on £297 9s. 9d. Books - < 5 =

Consols - - - 8 16 2} Balance in the hands of

Treasurer - : :

eh WO)

Audited and found correct, SUE Ses SORTER:

January 12, 1878. TVD One.

Assets of the Society.

Gre Sas

Arrears of Subscriptions considered good (say) 21 0 0

Cost of £297 9s. 9d. 3 % Cent. Consols’ - = PNG A)

Cash Balance in hand - = : : i} als}, al

£308 7 1

January 12, 1878.

J. JENNER WEIR, Tre

152 18 10

34 17 9

20 0 0

13 13 6

918 1

£346 10 9

asurer.

(| theory |)

INDEX.

Nore.—Where the name only of an Insect is mentioned, the description

of the Insect will be found at the page referred to.

The Arabic Figures refer to the pages of the ‘ Transactions ;’ the

Roman Numerals to the pages of the * Proceedings.’

PAGE PAGE

GENERAL SUBJECTS.... Ixxxv HYMENOPTERA ......+. xe

IATA CHINEDAN eiclelsicicicleire) EK, LEPIDOPTERA ce -soecese xe

COLEOPTERA ....+-..0- IXxxvi NEUROPTERA ....+s.. 5c xciil

GRUSTACEA << ccccccccce IXXXIX ORTHOPTERA ....-- sisiene xcill

IDWS GosagoooUb noo lbe<cab< STREPSIPTERA ..c-ce-- XCiil

HIEMIPTERA ...-cceccee [XXXIX

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Annual Meeting, xxxv.

Channel Islands Institute of Pisciculture, xxix.

Cocoa-nut trees in Barbadoes destroyed by Coccus, xx.

Entomological station at Basle, xxiii.

Floral simulation by insects, xxix.

Micro-photographs enlarged, showing parts of insects, xxxii.

Nest from Jamaica, supposed to belong to an insect, x.

President’s Address, xxxvil.

‘Pruritus’ caused by Zrombidiwm, ii.

Season-dimorphism, remarks on, vi.

Stridulating organs in a spider, 281 and xviii.—in scorpions, xviii.—in a

Crustacean, xxvii.—in Phasmide, xxvili.—in the @dipoda, xxix.

Experiment illustrating the sound produced, xxxii.—in pupa of

Thecla rubi, xxxiii.—in Curculionide, xxxiii.

ARACHNIDA.

Atypus Sulzeri, from Hampstead, vilii—Remarks thereon by Mr. Enock,

xv.—Remarks on specific identity, xxx.

Chelifer, a large species from Spain, viii.

( Ikesxy ))

ARACHNIDA— continued,

Mygale stridulans, note on, 281.—Drawing exhibited, xviii.

Scorpions possessing stridulating organs, xviii.—structure of organs, XXxiil.

Silken cocoon from Cape of Good Hope, viii.

Spider’s nest from Montserrat, viii.

Trombidium, ‘ pruritus’ caused by a species, ii.

COLEOPTERA.

Acolastus Simonsi, 229.

Adelotopus collaris, 2.—marginatus, 2.

Alaus nodulosus, 4.—Parreyssi, from Thaso Island, viii.

Aphodius scrofa, taken in Britain, iv.

Aphthona amazona, 299.— chinensis, 295.— crassicornis, 295.— Dey-

rollei, 296.— diversa, 297.—fulvipes, 298.— nigro-cyanea, 298.

Pilatei, 296.—verticalis, 297.— Wallacet, 178.

Aporocera, Saund., 28.

Aprea, 293.—A. Jansoni, 294.

Argopus Fortunei, 181.

Arsipoda ceruleata, 159.—fulvipes, 284.—hematodera, 158.—merens,

285.— Wallacei, 285.

Bembidium nigricorne, from Chobham, vi.

Brachycaulus, Fairm., 26.

Bradycnemis, 11.—B. anomata, 12.—velutina, 12.

Cadmus, Erichs., 26.

Callidium violaceum, habits of, 279.

Callirrhipis antiqua, 384.— Bowringii, 383.— costata, 388.— cribrata,

390.—cyaneicollis, 391.—dissimilis, 380.—fasciata, 381.—femo-

rata, 386. — gausapata,, 388.— inconspicua, 392.— leta, 386.—

Laportei, var., 393.—lineata, 387.—longicornis, 385.—residua,

889.— reticulata, 391.—robusta, 385.—simplex, 392.— stabilis,

383.—suturalis, 389.—trepida, 382.

Carabus monilis and violaceus, habits of, 279.

Cardiophorus rufipes, captured at Paisley, iv.

Catascopus cupreicollis, 1.

Cerambyx heros, imported alive from Bosnia, xiii.

Ceratorrhina Grandyi, 202.—Hornimanni, 202.—Morgani exhibited,

ix.—quadrimaculata, Fab., 201.—quadrimaculata exhibited, ix.

Cetonia aurata, habits of, 277.

Chetocnema amazona, 306.—basalis, 310.—Blanchardi, 308.—brasilien-

sis, 8307.— Bretinghami, 170.—brevicornis, 317.—carinata, 174.—

clypeata, 172.—cognata, 168.—concinnipennis, 170.—divergens,

801.—Hrichsoni, 175.—fuscomaculata, 174.—gravida, 302.—

Haroldi, 306.—labiata, 305.—laticeps, 315.—laticollis, 316.—

madagascariensis, 309.—malayana, 312.—megalopoides, 173.—

mexicana, 173.—natalensis, 166.—nitens, 312.—pallidicornis,

803.—parvula, 310.—persica, 167.—propinqua, 314.—robusta,

171.—rugiceps, 309.—Sallei, 302.—separata, 304.—squarrosa,

Ciera )

COLEOPTERA—continued.

169.—Steinheili, 304.—submetallescens, 175.— Wallacet, 171.—

Waterhouse, 315.— Westwoodi, 311.— Wilsoni, 313.— Wollastoni,

167.

Chariderma, 28.—C. pulchella, 29.

Clitea, 287.—C. picta, 287.

Cocoon of one of the Cetoniide from Cameroons, vi.

Canobius chinensis, 214.—discoidalis, 212.—fulvipes, 213.—lividipennis,

211.—ruficollis, 212.

Colaspis Lefevrei, 37.

Colorado beetle, appearance in Ontario and Cologne, xiv.—Memorandum

by Canadian Minister of Agriculture, xiv.

Creophilus erythrocephalus, from N. Zealand, viii.—resemblance to a

Forficula, viii.

Crepidodera africana, 159.—collaris, 161.—costipennis, 161.—japonica,

160.—parallela, 162.—vestita, 162.

Cryptocephalus amazonus, 221.—gratus, 220.—histrionicus, 221,—Jan-

soni, 218.—notatipennis, 219.

Cyphodera, 25.

Dermestes vulpinus destructive to hides and cork, xxii.

Diastotropis olivaceus, 11.

Dibolia Duboutlayi, 182.

Dioryctus Mowhoti, 36.

Docema collaris, 293.

Dohrnia miranda, from N. Zealand, viii.

Elytrurus angulatus, 9.—divaricatus, 10.—expansus, 8.—serrulatus, 10.

Epiphleus capitatus, 248.—Chevrolati, 246.—nitidus, 248.—pulcher-

rimus, 246.—terzonatus, 247.—velutinus, 247.

Eumolpus australis, 50.—Batesii, 53.—carinatus, 54.—ignitus, Fab., 46.

—imperialis, 51.—nitidus, 48.—prasinus, Erichs., 55.—separatus,

47.—speciosus, 52.—surinamensis, Fab., 49.

Eupholus Bennettii, from New Guinea, xy.

Euiphyma, 224.

Buplectroscelis bimaculata, 320.—Deyrollei, 319.—nigripennis, 321.—

placida, 320.—sordida, 321.—tibialis, 319.

Gymnusa brevicollis, from Chobham, vi.

Haltica amazona, 163.

Haploscelis abdominalis, 13.

Hydnocera flavifemorata, 261—Guatemale, 261.—marginata, 260.—

olivacea, 262.—pallipes, 261.—rufithoraw, 262.—virescens, 262.

Ichnea Batesiana, 412.—disjuncta, 411.—Fryana, 415.—fumigata, 414,

—funesta, 410.—impressocollis, 414.—incerta, 413.—mimica, 412.

—mitella, 411.—nitida, 415.—obscwra, 414.—plumbea, 413.—

subfasciata, 410.—vitticollis, 415.

Idiocephala, Saund., 31.—T. bella, 225.— Chapuwisii, 224.

Iridotenia cupreovaria, 5.—purpureipennis, 5.

Isolemidia, 257.—I. apicalis, 259.—Batesi, 259.—pulehella, 258.—

subtilis, 259.

() ixeccvan >)

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Lamellicorn beetles, Westwood’s remarks on certain new species, xxvi.

Larva of a beetle destructive to mangolds, xv.

Lemidia bifurcata, 256.—concinna, 255.—dia, 252.—elongata, 253.—

Jiliformis, 254.—interrupta, 252.—labiata, 256.—maculicollis, 252.

—obliquefasciata, 251.—pilosa, 255.—plumbea, 257.—rufa, 251.—

subenea, 254.—sutwralis, 255.

Leptophysa, 165.—L. Batesii, 166.

Longitarsus amazonus, 177.—Buckleyi, 291.—capensis, 292.—concinnus,

290.—Fryellus, 291.—scutellatus, 177.— Wallacet, 292.

Mathesis, 7.—M. guttigera, 8.

Megistops ornatus, 322.—pretiosus, 322.

Melixanthus Adamsi, 216.—placidus, 217.

Metallactus eximius, 230.

Monachus angulicollis, 215.—obscuricollis, 215.

Monohammus sutor, captured in London, iv.—titillatus, captured in

Birkenhead, xxii. and xxv.

Mylassa, Stal, 32.

Narycius smaragdulus, the two sexes exhibited, xvii.

Nascio Enysi, 7.

Nisotra Breweri, 157.

Nodostoma Bevani, 40.—Dormeri, 39.—magnificum, 38.—tricolor, 38.

Nyetra, 33.—W. forcipata, 34.

Ochrosopsis, Saund., 30.—O. erudita, 30.

Pachybrachys contortus, 231.

Pachyta sexmaculata, new to Britain, xix.

Paracadmus, 227.—P. lucifugus, 228.

Paracephala, 222.—P. pectoralis, 223.

Passalus, species destroying cocoa-nut trees in Barbadoes, xxi. -

Paussotropus, 3.—P. parallelus, 3.

Pelonium Badeni, 420.—bipunctatum, 421.—confluens, 423.—difforme,

420.—extraneum, 424.—irroratum, 422.—maculosum, 424.—

micans, 421.—optabile, 419.—pictipenne, 423.—ridens, 422.—

ruficolle, 419.—semirufum, 420.

Philonthus cicatricosus, from Shoreham, vi.

Phygasia limbata, 290.

Phyllotreta Cuwmingii, 179.—Downesi, 300.—jamaicaensis, 299.—

malayana, 300.—orientalis, 178.

Plociomerus luridus, from Chobham, vi.

Polyphylia fuilo, taken on a vessel at Antwerp, xxvi.

Porrostoma abdominale, 75.—apicale, 77.—brevirostre, 74.—cinctum,

80.— clientulum, 81.— dichrowm, 86.— elegans, 75.— erythrop-

terum, 74.—fallax, 79.—hemorrhoidale, 79.—inguinulum, 81.—

wrregulare, 76.—laterale, 74.—limbatum, 81.—lineatum, 78.—

lugubre, 80.—plagiatum, 80.—rufipenne, Fab., 74.—russatum,

77.—salebrosum, 79.—scalare, 79.—textile, 77.—togatwm, 78.=

: uniforme, 76.

Prasonotus morbillosus, 35.—ruficaudis, 35.

(4 lee) |)

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Prionoplewra, Saund., 27.

Pseudocolaspis eximia, 44.—rigida, 43.

Pseudodera orientalis, 286.

Psiloptera scintillans, 6.

Psylliodes Chapuisii, 183.

Pyticera coronata, 416.—flavicollis, 416.

Rhombosternus pretiosus, 226.

Rhyncophora of New Zealand, remarks by Dr. Leconte, x.—remarks by

Mr. Pascoe, xi.

Rhyparida formosa, 40.—Howitii, 41.

Scelodonta albidovittata, 42.—bidentata, 438.

Sebathe fulvipennis, 164.—nigricornis, 164.—torrida, 165.

Spheroderma apicipennis, 180.—ornata, 180.

Sphenoptera andamanensis, 6.

Stegnaspea, 181.—S. Trimeni, 182.

Stegnocephala, 32.—S. discoidalis, 222.

Stenaspis plagiata, 12.

Stenophyma, 176.—S. elegans, 176.

Stenus Kiesenwetteri, from Chobham, vi.

Systena ceruleata, 289.—Deyrollei, 288.—ornata, 288.

Telephori, habits of, 279.

Tenerus andamanensis, 405.—apicalis, 408.—ceramensis, 403.—chaly-

beus, 405.—cruentatus, 403.—cyaneus, 404.—difficilis, 407.—dis-

color, 406.—doreyanus, 405.—flavicollis, 404.—fuscipennis, 406.—

incertus, 408.—javanus, 404.—melanurus, 409.—mindanaonicus,

407.—Parryanus, 402.—persimilis, 408.—siamensis, 402.

Teretrius picipes, taken at Norwood, xv.

Tillus unifasciatus, taken at Norwood, xiii.

Toxotus meridianus, habits of, 279.

Trichalus, 82.—T. ampliatus, 83.—discoideus, Er., 82.—flavopictus,

82.—serraticornis, 84.—sulcatus, 83.

Xenidea purpureipennis, 318.— Wallacci, 318.

CRUSTACEA.

Isopod Crustacean parasitic on a flying fish, iv.

Spheroma, species of, possessing stridulating powers, xxvii.

DIPTERA.

Bombylii flying in company with an Anthophora, ii.

Culew, species in Spitzbergen, xxvi.

Drosophila cellaris destructive to pickles, xy.

Systropus macer bred from cocoon of Limacodes hyalinus, ii.

HEMIPTERA.

Aphalara polygoni, from Sevenoaks and Addington, ix.

Cicada montana, supposed stridulation of, xiii— Further remarks thereon,

xvi.

HEMIPTERA— continued.

Coccid@, Herr Grevelinck’s remarks on destruction of cocoa-nut trees in

Barbadoes by, xx.

Epora subtilis, strepsipterous parasite on, 185.

Eurybrachys spinosa attacked by a Lepidopterous parasitic larva, xix.

and xxiiii—Remarks on the habits by Mr. Wood-Mason, xxiii.—

Discussion, xxiv.

Fauna of Arctic Siberia, Remarks by Dr. Sahlberg, iv.

Homopterous insect with Lepidopterous parasite, xix.

Oncocephalus subspinosus, from West Coast of Africa, xxxii.

Plant bug from Bahia causing blisters on an Orchid leaf, xiii.

Psyllide, new and rare British species, ix.—A field for discovery, ix.

Tetroxia Beauvoisti, from West Coast of Africa, xxxii.

Tettigometra impressopunctata, a rare species, XXVi.

Typhlocyba debitis, a rare species, XXvVi.

HYMENOPTERA.

Abramwas grossulariata, sensitive to sounds, xxxiv.

Ancyloneura, 91.—A. varipes, 92.

Anthophore and Bombylii flying in company, ii.

Athalia spinarum, var. orientalis, 90.

Beleses fulvus, 88.

Bombus, the genus not found in Spitzbergen, xxvi.

Hylotoma bipunctata, 90.—eaxcisa, 90.—interstitialis, 91.—simlacnsis,

91.

Hymenoptera, from Calcutta exhibited, xvii.

Macropis labiata, at Norwich, xxxii.

Mymar, species from Ceylon, xvii.

Myrmica ruginodis, sound caused by, xv.

Pachyprotasis rape, 88.

Phyllotoma aceris, a sawfly causing blisters on species of Acer, xvii.

Pseudomyrma, 58.—P. brunnea, 68.—canescens, 66.—distincta, 63.—

elongata, 67.—ferruginea, 64.—fervida, 65.—flavicornis, Gi

leviceps, 63.—levigata, 62.—penctrator, 66.—pilosula, 62.—rufa,

64.—rufomedia, 66.—sedula, 67.—simplex, 64.—terminalis, 64.—

unicolor, 68.—urbana, 65.—variabilis, 62.—volatilis, 65.

Rophites quinquespinosus, near Hastings, xxxiii—new British species,

XXxXii.

Siobla, 88.—S. Mooreana, 89.

Tenthredo latifasciata, 87.—simulans, 87.

Tetraponera, 68.—T. Aithiops, 71.—allaborans, Wlk., 69.—attenuata,

71.—petiolata, 70.—punctulata, 72.

Vespa orientalis, case of “mimicry,” xxxiii.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Acherontia Sculda, 242.

Achlyodes ecliptica, 154.—exosa, 155.—nyctineme, 155,

( tren)

LEPIDOPTERA— continued.

Adelpha juruana, 115.

Aimene guttulosana, Wik., 373.—sordida, 372.

Athilla infanda, 149.

Aleuron Butleri, 240.

Ammatho carnipicta, 342.-— fuscescens, 343.—hieroglyphica, 343.—

roseororatus, 341.

Antherea Hiibneri, 20.

Argina notata, 365.

Barsine exclusa, 340.—mactans, 340.—natalensis, W1k., 341.

Bhutanitis Lidderdalii, exhibited, i.

Bizone javanica, 338.—pallens, 338.—perversa, 338.

British Lepidoptera, varieties of, ii—ditto, taken in Wales, iv.

Bunea Aslauga, 18.—Thomsonii, 19.

Calamidia, 358.

Callatolmis, 348.

Cartea Trailii, 129.

Case-bearing larva parasitic on a Homopterous insect, xix.

Caterpillars, food of gaily-coloured, 205.—remarks thereon, xi.—Dis-

cussion, xii.

Ceratinia castanea, 109.

Cherocampa aspersata, 241.—erotus, var., 242.— Johanna, 241.—mar-

garita, 240.— Walduckii, 398.

Chryseglia, 356.

Chrysorabdia splendens, 357.

Cisthene minuta, 327.

Cleora glabraria, dark variety of, x.

Colias Edusa, &, observed in Dorset, in June, xiiiioccurrence in

Dumfriesshire, xiv.—common at Colchester, xiv.—a second brood

observed at Norwood, xv.

Cossus ligniperda, \larve taken in large numbers in a willow, xvi.

Crambomorpha splendens, 357.

Danais Archippus, specimen taken in Sussex, i.i—geographical distribu-

tion of, 93.—discussion, v.

Daptonwra pedrosina, 144.

Deiopeia pura, 360.—thyter, 361.

Digama fasciata, 362.—marmorea, 363.

Diludia Bethia, 243.

Dyphilebia elegans, 347.—tricolora, 347.

Lechenais mollis, 133.—sordida, 183.

Epatolmis, 348.

Ephyra punctaria, remarks on seasonal dimorphism, vi.

Epipyrops, parasitic on a Homopteron, xxiii.—Wood-Mason’s remarks on

habits, xxiii.— Discussion, xxiv.

Eubagis erata, 117.—limbata, 117.—niveata, 116.

Eudemonia Argiphontes, 20.

Eudule sanguinea, 368.

Hutane maculata, 335.

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Gonepteryn Rhamni, 5-winged specimen, xxvi.—hermaphrodite specimen,

XXVi.

Goniurus esmeraldus, 146.

Hemaris Cyaniris, Guér., 239.

TTimantoides, 395.—H. undata, W1k., 240.

Himantopterus, remarks on the genus, 437.—believed to belong to the

Lepidoptera, xvii.

Hypedalea, 397.—H. insignis, 398.

Josoides fallax, 331.—inconstans, 332.—indecisa, 332.—obscura, 332.—

variana, 331.

Larva case found on a Mimosa from Zanzibar, probably allied to Psyche

or Oiketicus, ii.

Lasiocampa quercus, case of Parthenogenesis, xix.

Lepidoptera from Siam, v.—from China, xix.—from Ceylon and the

Nicobar Islands, xxiv.—from Grinnell Land, xxv.—Remarks by

Mr. Eaton, xxv.

Leptidule, 368.—L. sordida, 369.

Leucothyris perspicua, 107.

Limacodes hyalinus, a Dipteron bred from the cocoon, ii.

Lithosia decreta, 351.—fraterna, 349 —innotata, 352.— kingdont, 353.—

puncticollis, 353.—Sarawaca, 350.

Lithosiide in the British Museum, 325.

Lycena Arion, dwarf specimens, xxiv.

Mepha plicata, 328.—sesapina, 329.

Mesene trucidata, 131.

Mesosemia Maria, 128.—sylvicolens, 127.

Nephele Charoba, 243.—infernalis, 244.

Nepita egrota, 336.—limbata, 336.—ochracea, 336.

Notodonta trilophus, from Ipswich, vi.

Nymphidium cavifascia, 135.—stibopieris, 135.

Ophideres materna, taken at sea, v.

Orthosia suspecta, melanic var., iv.

Otus versicolor, 396.

Pallene elegans, 334.—gracilis, 377.

Pamphila allubita, 151.—alumna, 151.—ancillaris, 151.—chyd@a, 152.

—compta, 152.—confiwa, 152.—evans, 153.—sodalis, 150.—sticto-

menes, 153.

Papilio opalinus, 145.

Parasitism among Lepidoptera, 433.

Pieris brassice, a gynandromorphous specimen, xxvi.—P. rape attacked

by Microgaster, xxvi.

Protoparce Dalica, 243.

Psyche, said to -have been produced from pupa case of a TZachina, xxiii.

Pteroodes, 376.

Rhopalocerous forms in §S. Africa, variation of, 265.—Remarks by Mr.

Mansel Weale, xiv.

Saturniide, notes on African, 15.

( xciii_ )

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Sesapa complicata, 344.—erubescens, 345.—ichorina, 345.

Setina accepta, 369.

Stalachtis Trailii, 137.

Stenolopsis, 375.—S. exposita, 375.

Stenoplastis venata, 359.

Symmachia punctata, 130.

Tagiades astrigera, 155.

Talara coccinea, 329.

Tatargina, 366.—T. formosa, 366.

Telegonus labriaris, 148.

Teulisna Bertha, 355.—biplagella, 355.—oblonga, 355.

Thymara, remarks on the genus, 437.

Tigrioides, 359.

Tmolus atrox, 140.—elitumnus, 140.—pereza, 140.

Trichromia strigosa, 328.

NEUROPTERA.

Anabolia nervosa, on structure and habits, xxiii. 431.

Case of Phryganea, resembling shells, xiii.

Dragon-fly (Gynacantha plagiata) from Borneo, x.

Notiothauma, 427.—N. Reedi, 429.

Prosopistoma, notes on the genus, 189.

Pupa of a Trichopterous insect, 431.

ORTHOPTERA.

Forficula erythrocephala, from New Zealand, yiii.—resemblance to a

Creophilus, viii.

Gongylus gongylodes, simulates a flower, xxix.—specimen exhibited,

XXXiii.

@dipoda, possessing stridulating organs, xxix.

Phyllothelys Westwoodi, a Mantis exhibited, xviii.—Distinction in the

Sexes, XVIil.

Pterynoxylus, possessing stridulating organs, xxix.

STREPSIPTERA.

Colacina insidiator, parasitic on a species of Homoptera, 185.

Stylopide, on adult larye and their puparia, 195,