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. TPePPRAR RNS AALS Meera 4 Eo
THOMAS LINCOLN
CASEY
LIBRARY
1925
Wi}
"
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF
LONDON.
THE
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LONDON
FOUR TELE: YEAR
1880.
OND: ON:
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY WEST, NEWMAN AND CO.,
54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C.;
SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET,
CAVENDISH SQUARE,
AND BY LONGMAN, GREEN, READER AND DYER,
PATERNOSTER ROW.
1880.
ee
..
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
COUNCIL FOR 1880.
Sir Joun Lussock, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., &. President.
Henry W. Bates, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.8., &c.
JosEPH W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S. Vice-Presidents.
Henry T. Stainton, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S8., &c.
Epwarp Saunpers, Hsq., F.L.S. ... so. Lveasurer.
FERDINAND Grout, Esq., F.L.S. —... ... Librarian.
RapPHaEt MELpo.a, Esq., F.C.S., F.R.A.S.,&e.
Wo. L. Distant, Esq., Direct. Anth. Inst.
WIL1IAM COLE, Esq.
F. Du Cane Gopmany, Esq., M. Aes F. i 8.
Ossprert Sauvin, M.A., F.L.S.
SAMUEL STEVENS, Esq., F.L.S.
J. JENNER WEIR, F.L.S., F.Z.S.
: Secretaries.
Other Members of
Council.
Wiehe POOnE, (a. eo ae bas .. Lestdent Librarian.
THE
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
1834—J880.
To the Public. To Members.
First Series, 5 volumes (1834—1849)...... Price £6 0 0 £410 O
Second Series, 5 volumes (1850—186]1) .... 8 700 @ ) ©
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‘The Transactions for the year 1868........ i) 015 0
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: “5 IUSHO Rs Gro Gln Oc i fs i il @
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= NOVAr sa. eer 1120 ib a
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re - LBV One ae ut 2 0) 016 6
3 is MWeeWoonec are OR9T 0 014 3
Volume 5 of the First Series can no longer be obtained separately ; all
the other volumes may.
Longicornia Malayana may be obtained
separately .. .. Price £2 12 0 £1190
Phytophaga Malayana, Rts 1. Apostasicera,
may be obtained separately of 016 O 012 0
Synopsis of British Heterogyna and Fos-
sorial Hymenoptera may be obtained
separately .. od or ad a6 0 4 6 0 3 3
The Journal of Proceedings is bound up with the Transactions, but
may be obtained separately, by Members, gratis. a“
Members and Subscribers resident more than fifteen miles from
London, who haye paid the subscription for the current year, are entitled
te receive a copy of the Transactions for the year without further pay-
ment, and they will be forwarded free, by post, to any address within the
United Kingdom.
Members and Subscribers resident in or within fifteen miles of
London are entitled to a copy of the Transactions for the current year at
half the price to the public, which copy may be obtained on application
to the Librarian: or all such Members or Subscribers who, in addition
to their Subscription for the current year, shall, at or before the April
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shall be entitled to receive a copy of the Transactions for the year
without farther payment, which copy will be forwarded free by post.
CONE TN DS:
=e
PAGE
Explanation of the Plates i Vs wt 9 ae ee VILL
Errata O5 : viii
List of Members ac 3< ere re ae ave a6 ix
Additions to the Library xs 50 Ss Ac bc oe SVL
MEMOIRS.
PAGE
I
. Materials for a Revision of the hig By the Rey.
H. S. GorHam
II. On some Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. By D.SHarp. 37
III. On Synonyms of Heterocerous ae ae By ArtHtr G.
Burien, ELS. &e. . . dd : bo ae oa UH)
IV. Descriptions of Cetoniide and Cerambycide from Mada-
gascar. By Cuartes O. WATERHOUSE. .. ac ne Oo
VY. On the Structure of the Lampyride, with reference to their
phosphorescence. By the Rev. H.S. GorHam. .. 63
VI. Notes on the Coloration and Development of Insects. By
PETER CAMERON ate 55 oc 56 Sc 50) HY
VII. On Cetonia aurata and Protaetia Bensoni. By J. O. Wxst-
woop, M.A. EIS. .. ae ss ws Ne aA tsi!
VIII. Materials for a Revision of the Romande: By the Rey.
H.S. Gorwam .. 50 ye : 5¢ Bo) teh)
IX. On two Gynandromorphous Specimens of Cirrochroa Aoris,
XIII.
Doubl., an Indian species of Nymphalideous Butterfly.
By J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S. .. Ee ss ao. 11}
. A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra
Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia, and the Vicinity. By
F. Du Cane Gopman, M.A., F.L. Py. and OsBERT SALVIN,
M.A., ERS... : c are 5 Alls)
. On the Genus Colias. By H.J. Exwes, F.LS.,F.Z.S. .. 133
XII.
Notes on Exotic Rhynchota, with descriptions of new Species.
By W.L. Distant .. ss ss ae Ss og daly
On the Asiatic Lepidoptera referred to the Genus Mycalesis ;
with descriptions of new Genera and Species. By F.
Moore, F.L.S., F.Z.S. a ae a He oo Lust)
Plate I
. On the Buprestide from Madagascar. By Cuaries O.
MEMOIRS (continued).
PAGE
WATERHOUSE > Ld
. Observations upon certain Species of the Lepidopterous
Genus Terias, with descriptions of hitherto unknown
forms from Japan. By Artuur G. Burier, F.L.S., F.Z.8. 197
. Synopsis of British Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera.
By Epwarp Saunpers, F.L.S. 50 36 56 -. 201
On a Collection of Hemiptera from Japan. By Joun Scorr. 305
Description of a new Species of the anomalous Genus
Polyctenes. By Cuartes O. WaTERHOUSE. o¢ emolg
Proceedings for 1880 .. at oe a0 50 sg- al
Index ae Be 56 BO Oc are aC oe Lvil
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
5. 06 -. See page 112] Plate VI. .. See pp. 197 - 200
Plate II.
53 117 | Plates VIL. & VIIE. ,, 201-30£
Plates III. &1V. See pp. 119-132 | Plate IX. .. ~- » 9319-820
Plate V.
» 147-153
ERRATA.
IN THE TRANSACTIONS FOR 1880.
Page 133, line 5 (from top), for “ Salvini’s” read “ Salvin’s.”
» 186, line 2 (from bottom), for “ Keewaydim” read “ Keewaydin.”
Page vii, line 12 (from bottom), for “was observed” read “was not
Pages ix (line 1 from top) and xi (line 6 from top), for “1878” read “1880.”
139, line 9 (from top), the word “ nastes” should be in Italics.
140, line 14 (from top), for “ Keewaydon” read “ Keewaydin.”
140, line 20 (from bottom), for “food plant” read ‘ food plants.”
140, line 14 (from bottom), for “are not” read “is not.”
140, line 5 (from bottom), for ‘“* McLachan” read “ McLachlan.”
140, line 2 (from bottom), for “ germ” read “ genus.”
141, line 17 from top), for “ Pauens” read “ Pallens.”
207 (lines 3 and 7 from top) and p. 261 (lines 4 and 5 from bottom)
for ‘‘ mesopleurz”’ read “ mesopleura.”
IN THE JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS FOR 1880.
observed.”
Hist of Ttlembers
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON.
3lst DECEMBER, 1880.
LIST OF MEMBERS
OF
THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON.
Honorary IWembers.
Burmeister, Hermann, Buenos Ayres.
Guenée, Achille, Chateawdun.
Hagen, H. A., Cambridge, U.S.A.
Leconte, John L., Philadelphia.
Milne-Edwards, H., Paris.
Saussure, H. de, Geneva.
Schiddte, J. C., Copenhagen.
Selys-Longchamps, HE. de, Liege.
Siebold, C. T. E. von, Munich.
Zeller, P. C., Stettin.
ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.
Date of
Election.
1877
1877
1880
1867 8.
1856
Marked * are Original Members.
Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.
Marked 8. are Annual Subscribers.
Adams, Frederick Charlstrom, 74 Jermyn-street, W.
Adams, Herbert Jordan, Roseneath, London-rd., Enfield, N.
André, Ed., M.S.E. de France, Berlin, Stettin, &c., 21 Boule-
vard Brétonniere, Beaune (Cote @Or), France.
Archer, F., Litsle Crosby-road, Crosby, Liverpool.
Armitage, Edward, R.A., 3 Hall-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W.
Babington, Charles Cardale, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., Pro-
fessor of Botany, 5 Brookside, Cambridge.
Baly, Joseph 8., M.R.C.S., F.L.S., The Butts, Warwick.
Barton, Stephen, 32 St. Michael’s-hill, Bristol.
Bates, Henry Walter, F.L.S., F.Z.8., 40 Bartholomew-road,
Kentish Town, N.W.
Beaumont, Alfred, Steps Mills, Huddersfield.
Berens, Alexander Augustus, Spratton Grange, Northampton,
and 68 Great Cumberland-place, W.
Bicknell, Perey, Beckenham, Kent.
Bignell, Geo. Carter, 7 Clarence-place, Stonehouse, Plymouth.
Billups, T. R., 4 Swiss Villas, Coplestone-road, Peckham, 8.K.
Blomefield, Rev. Leonard, M.A., F.L.S., &.,19 Belmont, Bath.
Bond, Fred., F.Z.S., 5 Fairfield Avenue, Stains.
Bonvouloir, Vicomte Henri de, 15 Rue del Université, Paris.
Borrer, William, junr., Cowfold, Sussex.
Boscher, Edward, Bellevwe House, Twickenham.
Boyd, Thomas, Surrey Lodge, Hornend-road, Norwood, 8.E.
Boyd, William Christopher, F.L.8., Cheshwnt, Herts.
Braikenridge, Rev.Geo. Weare, M.A., F.L.S.,Clevedon, Bristol.
Brandt, Dr. Edouard, Pres. Russ. Ent. Soc., &¢., Imperial
Medico-Chirurgical College, St. Petersburg.
. Bridgman, John B., 69 St. Giles’-street, Norwich.
Briggs, Charles Adolphus, 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C.
Briggs, Thos. Henry, M.A., 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C.
Brongniart, Charles, M.S.E. and M.8.G. de France, &c.,
Musewm Whistoire Naturelle de Paris, 57 Rue Cuvier,
Jardin des Plantes.
Broun, Capt. Thomas, Kawan, Auckland, New Zealand.
. Brown, N. E., Ivy Cottage, near St. John’s Church, Red Hill.
Browne, Rev. Thomas Henry, M.A., F.G.S., The Cedars,
High Wycombe, Bucks.
. Bull, R. E., 85 Milton-street, Dorset-square, N.W.
Burnell, Edward Henry, 32 Bedford-row, W.C.
{+ Butler, Arthur Gardiner, F.L.8., F.Z.8., 10 Avington-grove,
Penge, 8.E.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
. Cameron, Peter, 31 Willow-bank-crescent, Glasgow.
Candéze, Dr. E., Glain, Liege.
Cansdale, W. D., 4 Guithavon-terrace, Witham, Essex.
. Capron, Edward, M.D., Shere, Guildford.
. Carmichael, Thos. D. Gibson, Castle Craig, Dolphinton, N B.
Carrington, Charles, Ellerslie, Lower Merton, S.W.
Carrington, John T., F.L.S., Royal Aquarium, Westminster.
Champion, G. C., 274 Walworth-road, 8.E.
Charlton, Ernest 8., Hesleyside, Bellingham, Hexham.
Clarke, Alexander Henry, 16 Furnival’s Inn, E.C.
. Clarke, Chas. Baron, M.A., F.L.S., Royal Herbarium, Kew.
Cockle, Capt. George, 9 Bolton-gardens, S.W.
. Cole, Benjamin G., Lawrel Cottage, King’s-place, Buckhurst
Hill, Essex.
Cole, William, Lawrel Cottage, King’s-place, Buckhurst Hill,
Essex.
. Cooke, Benj., 103 Windsor-road, Southport, Lancashire.
Copland, Patrick F., Hillcote, Buckhurst Hill, Hssem.
Copperthwaite, William Charles, Beesh-grove, Malton.
. Cowell, Peter (Librarian of the Free Public Library), William
Brown-street, Liverpool.
Cox, Colonel C. J., Fordwich House, Canterbury.
Cox, Herbert Edward, Rosenheim, Reigate.
Crisp, Frank, LL.B., B.A., F.L.S., Sec. R.M.S., 5 Lansdowne-
road, Notting Hill, W.
Crosbie, Frank, The Chestnuts, Barnet, Herts.
Curzon, E. P. Roper.
Dale, C. W., Glanville’s Wootton, Sherborne.
Dallas, William Sweetland, F.L.S., Geological Society, Bur-
lington House, W.
Darwin, Chas., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., Down, Beckenham,
Kent.
Devonshire, William Cavendish, Duke of, K.G., F.R.8S., &c.,
Devonshire House, 78 Piccadilly, W.
. Dickson, Prof. Wm., Curator, University Library, Glasgow.
Distant, William Lucas (Director of the Anthropological
Institute), Sroretrary, 1 Selston Villas, Derwent-grove,
East Dulwich, 8.K.
Dohrn, Dr. C. A. (Pres. Entomological Soe. of Stettin), Stettin.
Doria, Marquis Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa.
. Dormer, John Baptist Joseph Dormer, Lord, Grove Park,
Warwick.
Douglas, John William, 8 Beaufort-gardens, Lewisham, S.K.
Dowsett, Arthur, Kingsgate Villa, King’s-road, Reading.
Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.8., 1 Circus-road, St. John’s
Wood, N.W.
. Duer, Yeend, Cleygate House, Esher.
Dunning, Joseph Wm., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 12 Old-square,
Lincoln’s Inn, W.C.
Du Pré, Charles Christian, F.L.S., 17 Pembroke-gardens,
Kensington, W.
D’Urban, W. 8. M., F.L.S., Albwera, St. Leonards, Exeter.
Eaton, Rey. Alfred Edwin, M.A., 51 Park-rd., Bromley, Kent.
Elwes, Hy. John, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Preston House, Cirencester.
LIST OF MEMBERS. xill
Emich, Gustave d’, 6 Sebastian-place, Budapesth, Hungary.
. Enock, Fredce., 30 Russell-rd., Seven Sisters’-rd., Holloway, N.
. Finzi, John A., 105 Gower-street, W.C.
Fitch, Edward A., F.L.S., Brick House, Maldon, Essex.
. Fitch, Frederick, Hadleigh House, Highbury New Park, N.
Fletcher, J. E., Happy Land, Worcester.
Forbes, William Alexander, St. John’s College, Cambridge.
Fowler, Rev. W., M.A., F.L.S., The School House, Lincoln.
Freeland, H. W., M.A., Chichester.
French, Rev. David John, F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.H.S., &e.
Fry, Alexander, F.L.8., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood
Park, Norwood, 8.E.
Fryer, Herbert Fortescue, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire.
Garneys, W., M.R.C.S., Repton, Burton-on-Trent.
+ Godman, Frederick DuCane, M.A., F.L.S, &c., Park Hatch,
Godalming; and 10 Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W.
. Gooch, W. D., Spring Vale, Little Umhlanga, Victoria Co.,
Natal.
. Goodman, C. H., Kearsbrook Lodge, Lesness Heath, Kent.
Gorham, Rev. Henry Stephen, Shipley, Sussex.
Goss, Herbert, F.L.8S., F.G.8., The Avenue, Surbiton Hill,
Surrey.
Gosse, Philip Hy., F.R.S., Sandhurst, Torquay, Devonshire.
Gould, John, F.R.S., F.L.5., &e., 26 Charlotte-street, Bedford-
square, W.C.
Gray, John, Claygate House, Esher.
Greene, Rev. J., M.A., Rostrevor, Apsley-rd., Clifton, Bristol.
Grut, Ferdinand, F'.L.8., Liprartan, 9 King-street, South-
wark, 8.E.
Harding, George, The Grove, Fishponds, Bristol.
Harford, Henry C., Lieut. 99th Regt., Cape of Good Hope.
Harold, Baron Edgar von, 52 Barerstrasse, Munich.
Harper, P. H., 80 Cambridge-street, Hyde Park-square, W.
. Harris, John T., Newton-road, Burton-on-Trent.
Hillman, Thomas Stanton, Hastgate-street, Lewes.
Holdsworth, Edward, Shanghat.
Horniman, Frederick John, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., F.Z.8S., &e.,
Surrey House, Forest Hill, 8.H.
Hudd, A. E., 96 Pembroke-road, Clifton, Briatol.
Inchbald, Peter, The Lodge, Hovingham, York.
. Janson, E. M., Las Lajas, Chontales, Nicaragua.
Janson, Edward W., 82 Victoria-road, Finsbury Park, N.;
and 35 Little Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.
Janson, Oliver E., 382 Victoria-road, Finsbury Park, N.;
and 35 Little Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.
Jekel, Henri, 62 Rue de Dunkerque, Paris.
. Jenner, J. H. A., High-street, Lewes.
. John, Evan, Llantrissant, Pontypridd.
Katter, Dr. F., Putbus, Rigen, North Prussia.
Kay, John Dunning, Leeds.
Kaye, Ernest St. G., Jessore, Bengal.
XIV
1861
1876
1842
1875
1868
1880
1868
1876
1876
1835
1875
1865
1849
1850
1853
1880
1851
1858
1869
1873
1865
1856
1874
1865
1860
1865
1872
1880
1871
1866
1879
1853
1859
1869
1876
1872
1878
1878
1878
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Kirby, W. F., 5 Union-road, Tufnell Park, N.
Kraatz, Dr.G. (President of the Berlin Entomological Society),
Link-strasse, Berlin.
Kuper, Rev. Chas. Augustus Frederick, M.A., The Vicarage,
Trelleck, Chepstow.
Lamarche, Oscar, 70 Rue Louvrex, Paris.
Lang, Major A. M., R.E., Thomason Civil Engineering
College, Roorkee, India.
Lang, Dr. Henry Charles, 41 Berners-st., Oxford-st., W.
Lendy, Major Augustus F., F.L.S., F.G.8., Sunbury House,
Sunbury, 8.W.
Lewis, George.
Lichtenstein, Jules, La Lironde, near Montpellier.
Lingwood, Robert Maulkin, M.A., F.L.S., 6 Park Villas,
Cheltenham.
Livingstone, Clermont, Tudor Lodge, Snaresbrook, E.
Llewelyn, J. Talbot Dillwyn, M.A., F.L.S., Ynisgerwn, Neath.
Logan, R.. F., Spylaw House, Colinton, near Edinburgh.
. Lowe, W. H., M.D., Woodcote Lodge, Inner Park-road,
Wimbledon Park, S.W.
Lubbock, Sir John, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., F.L.8., &e., PRESIDENT,
High Elms, Farnborough, Kent.
Lupton, Henry, The Elms, Chapel Allerton, Leeds.
M‘Intosh, J.
M‘Lachlan, Robert, F.R.S., F.L.S., 89 Limes-grove, Lewis-
ham, 8.EK.
Marseul, L’Abbée 8. A. de, Bowlevard Pereire 271, Paris.
. Marsh, John Geo., 16 Hanover-st., Rye-lane, Peckham, 8.E.
Marshall, Rev. Thos. Ansell, M.A., F.L.8., Golconda Estate,
near San Fernando, Trinidad.
Marshall, William, Him Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield.
Mason, Philip Brooke, M.R.C.S., F.L.8S., Burton-on-Trent.
Mathew, Gervase F., R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., Instow,
North Devon.
May, John William, K.N.L., Arundel House, Percy Cross,
Fulham-road, S.W.
- Meek, Edward G., 56 Brompton-road, S.W.
Meldola, Raphael, F.R.A.S., F.C.S., Secretary, 21 John-st.,
Bedford-row, W.C.
Meyrick, Edward, Ramsbury, Hungerford, Wilts.
. Miskin, W. H., Brisbane, Queensland.
Mniszech, Comte G. de, 22 Rue Balzac, Paris.
Monteiro, Senor Antonio Augusto de Carvatho, 72 Rua do
Alecrion, Lisbon.
Moore, Frederic, 110 Oakfield-road, Penge, 8.E.
Mosse, G. Staley, Stanford-road, Kensington, W.
ears Albert, F.R.G.S., 1954 Junkergasse, Berne, Switzer-
and.
Miller, Dr. Clemens.
Murray, Lieut. H., 70th Brigade Depot, Tralee, Ireland.
Nevinson, Basil George, 19 Torrington-square, W.C.
Newman, Thomas P., 7 York-grove, Peckham, S.E.
Nottidge, Thomas, Ashford, Kent.
LIST OF MEMBERS. KV
Oberthiir, Charles (fils), Rennes.
Oberthir, René, Rennes.
Olivier, Ernest, Ramillons, pres Moulins (Allier), France.
Ormerod, Miss Eleanor A., F.M.5., Dunster Lodge, Spring-
grove, Isleworth.
Ormerod, Miss Georgiana, Dunster Lodge, Spring-grove,
Isleworth.
Owen, Richard, C.B., M.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.8., &c.,
British Museum, W.C.
Parry, Major Frederick John Sidney, F.L.5., 18 Onslow-
square, 5.W.
Pascoe, Francis P., F.L.8., 1 Burlington-road, Westbourne
Park, S.W.
Perkins, Vincent Robt., 54 Gloucester-st., South Belgravia, W.
Phipson, Arthur, 3 Gray’s Inn-square, W.C.
Porritt, George T., F.L.S., Huddersfield.
. Power, Hy. d’Arcy, F.L.S., 38 Cottage-green, Camberwell, S.E.
Preston, Rev. Thomas Arthur, M.A., F.L.S., The Green,
Marlborough, Wilts.
Preudhomme de Borre, Alfred (Sec., Ent. Soc. of Belgium),
19 Rue de Dublin, Iwelles, near Brussels.
Price, David, 48 West-street, Horsham, Sussex.
. Pryer, H. J. 8., Yokohama, Japan.
Puls, J. C., Place de la Calandre, Ghent.
. Ranson, Wm. Hy., M.D., F.R.S., The Pavement, Nottingham.
Reed, Edwyn C., F.L.8.
Reeks, Henry, F.L.S., Manor House, Thruxton, near
Andover, Hants.
Riley, C. V., State Entomologist, United States Entomological
Commission, Washington.
Ripon, George Frederick Samuel Robinson, Marquis of, K.G.,
F.R.S., F.L.8., 1 Carlton-gardens, 8.W.
Robinson, Frank Edward, 10 Little Clarendon-street, Oxford.
Robinson-Douglas, William Douglas, F.L.S., F.R.G.S.,
Orchardton, Castle Douglas, N.B.
. Rothera, G. B., High-street Place, Nottingham.
Rothney, G. A. J., Calcutta.
Rutherford, David Greig, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., F.Z.S., &e.
Rye, Edward Caldwell, F.Z.S., Parkfield, Putney, S.W.
Rylands, Thomas Glazebrook, F.L.8., F.G.8., Highfields,
Thelwall, Warrington.
Salle, Auguste, 13 Rue Guy de la Brosse, Paris.
Salvin, Osbert, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.8., &c., 10 Chandos-street,
Cavendish-sq., W.; and Brookland-avenue, Cambridge.
Saunders, Edward, F.L.S., Treasurer, Holmesdale, Wandle-
road, Upper Tooting, S.W.
Saunders, G. 8., St. Stephens, Canterbury, Kent.
Saunders, Sir Sidney Smith, C.M.G., Gatestone, Central Hill,
Upper Norwood, 8.E.
Schaufuss, L. W., Ph.D., M.Imp.L.C.Acad., &c., Dresden.
Scott, Sir Arthur, Bart., 97 Haton-square, W.; and Great
Barr Hall, Birmingham.
Sealy, Alfred Forbes, Cochin, South India.
1868
1865
1874
1878
1874
1862
—
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Semper, George, Altona. ;
Sharp, David, M.B., Hccles, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.
Shepherd, Edwin.
Sheppard, Edward, F.L.S.,18 Durham Villas, Kensington, W.
Sidebotham, Joseph, The Beeches, Bowdon, Cheshire.
Slater, John Wm., 18 Wray-crescent, Tollington Park, N.
Smith, Miss Emily A. (Assist. State Entomologist of Illinois),
Peoria, Illinois; and Care of Dr. R. Leuckart, Leipzig.
Smith, Henley Grose, Warnford-court, Throgmorton-st., H.C.
Spence, William Blundell, Rome.
Stainton, Henry Tibbats, F.R.S., F.L.8., &e., Mountsfield,
Lewisham, 8.E.
Standen, Richard 8., The White House, Alby, Norwich.
Stevens, John 8., 88 King-street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Stevens, Samuel, F.L.S., Loanda, Beulah Hill, Upper
Norwood, 8.E.
Swinton, A. H., Binfield House, Waterden-road, Guildford.
. Thompson, Miss Sophia, Barn H ill, Stamford.
Thomson, Jas., 12 Rue de Presbourg, Place del Etoile, Paris.
Trimen, Roland, F.L.S. (Curator of South African Museum),
Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.
Vaughan, Howard, 11 Ospringe-road, Brecknock-road, N.W.
Vaughan, P. H., Redland, Bristol.
Verrall, G. H., Sussex Lodge, Newmarket.
Wakefield, Charles Marcus, F.L.S., Belmont, Uxbridge.
Walhouse, Moreton J., F.R.A.S. Beng., 9 Randolph-crescent,
Maida Vale, W.
Walker, Rev. Francis Augustus, M.A., F.L.8., Bowrne Villa,
Bournemouth, Hants.
. Walker, J.J., R.N., 12 Ranelagh-rd., Marine Town, Sheerness.
Wallace, Alexander, M.D., Trinity House, Colchester.
Wallace, Alfred Russel, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &¢., Pen-y-bryn,
St. Peter’s-road, Croydon.
Walsingham, Thomas de Grey, Lord, M.A., F.Z.8., &e.,
Eaton House, Eaton-square, 8.W.
Ward, Christopher, F.L.5., Savile-road, Halifaz.
Ward, Frederick Henry, Springfield, Tooting, S.W.
Waterhouse, Charles O., British Musewm, W.C.
Waterhouse, George R., F.Z.S., &c., British Museum, W.C.
Websdale, C. G., 78 High-street, Barnstaple.
Weir, John Jenner, F.L.S., 6 Haddo Villas, Blackheath, 8.E.
Western, Edward Young, 27 Craven Hill Gardens, Bays-
water, W.
Westwood, John Obadiah, M.A., F.L.S., &., Hope Professor
of Zoology, Walton Manor, Oxford.
White, F. Buchanan, M.D., F.L.8., Perth, N.B.
White, Rev. W. Farren, Stonehouse Vicarage, Gloucestershire.
Wilson, Owen, Cwmffrwd, Carmarthen.
Woodgate, John, Richmond-road, New Barnet, Herts.
Wood-Mason, James, F.G.S., F.L.S. (Curator of the Indian
Museum), Calcutta.
Wormald, Percy C., 2 Clifton Villas, Highgate Hill, N.
1865 S. Young, Morris, Free Museum, Paisley.
ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY
DURING THE YEAR
1880.
Abeille (L’), redigé par M.S. A. de Marseul. Nos. 226—238. The Editor.
ADoLPH (Dr. G. Ernst). Ueber Insektenfltigel, Halle, 1880. F. Grut.
Ueber abnorme Zellenbildungen einiger Hymenopterenfligel, Halle,
1880. F. Grut.
Acassiz (Alexander). Annual Report of the Curator of the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology at Harvard College for 1879-80. Cambridge
(Mass.), 1880. The Author.
Obituary Notice. L. F. de Pourtalés. The Author.
American Entomologist (The). An Illustrated Magazine devoted to Practical
and Popular Entomology. Edited by C. V. Riley and A. 8. Fuller.
New Series, Nos. 4, 5, 8, 9, and 11. New York, 1880.
The Editors.
American Naturalist (The). Vol. XIII.,No.12. Vol. XIV., Nos. i 3—orandele
Philadelphia, 1879-80. The Editor.
Bere (Dr. Carlos). Hemiptera Argentina enumeravit speciesque novas
descripsit. Bonarie et Hamburgo, 1879. The Author.
Apuntes Lepidopterologicos. Buenos Aires, 1880. The Author.
Sinonimia distribucion Geografica de la Langosta peregrina. [Acridium
(Schistocerca) peregrinum (Oliv.), Stal. ] The Author.
Observaciones acerca de la Familia Hyponomeutide. Buenos Aires,
1880. The Author.
Bertkau (Dr. Philipp). Bericht tiber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im
Gebiete der Entomologie wahrend der Jahre 1877 und 1878. 8vo.
Berlin, 1879. Purchased.
Brapy (G. Stewardson), M.D. A Monograph of the Free and Semi-Parasitic
Copepoda of the British Islands. 38 vols. 8vo. London (Ray
Society), 1878 and 1880, J.W. Dunning.
Butter (Arthur Gardiner). Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera
Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum. 4to. London,
1879. Trustees of British Museum.
Cameron (Peter). A Catalogue of the British Tenthredinide. 8vo. Glasgow,
1878. The Author.
The Fauna of Scotland, with special reference to Clydesdale and the
Western District. Hymenoptera. Part I. 8vo. Glasgow, 1878.
The Author.
Canadian Entomologist (The). Edited by William Saunders. Vol. XI., No. 12.
Vol. XIL., Nos. 1—10. The Editor.
Xvill
CanpEzE (Dr. E.) Notes from the Leyden Museum. 8vo.
Note 1. Descriptions of the new Elateride collected during the
Recent Scientific Sumatra-Expedition.
Note 2. A new Genus and Four New Species of Elateride from
the Collections of the Leyden Museum. The Author.
Liste des Elatérides décrits postérieurement au Catalogue de Munich.
8vo. Bruxelles, 1880. The Author.
Addition au Relevé des Elatérides Malais. Svo. Genova, 1880.
The Author.
CuamBers (V. T.) Descriptions of some New Tineina, with Notes on a few old
Species. 8vo. Cincinnati (O.) The Author.
Annual Address of the President, Cincinnati Society of Natural History.
8vo. Cincinnati (O.) The Author.
Cresson (E. T.) Descriptions of Nine New Species of Hymenoptera in the
Collection of the American Entomological Society. 8vo. Phila-
delphia, 1879. E. C. Rye.
Descriptions of Five New Species belonging to the Hymenopterous
genus Hucerceris.. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1879. H.C. Rye.
Descriptions of Ten New Species of Metopius belonging to the American
Entomological Society. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1879. H. C. Rye.
Descriptions of Seven New Species of the Hymenopterous genus
Philanthus. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1879. i. C. Rye.
Distant (W.L.) On some African Species of the Lepidopterous Genus Papilio.
8vo. London, 1879. The Author.
On some African Species of Lepidoptera belonging to the Sub-family
Nymphaline. 8vo. London, 1879. The Author.
Scientific Results of the Second Yarkand Mission; based upon the
Collections and Notes of the late Ferdinand Stoliczka, Ph.D.
Ruyneora. Imp. 4to. Calcutta, 1879. The Author.
Dours (A.) Catalogue Synonymique des Hymenoptéres de France. 8vo.
Amiens, 1874. F. Grut.
Excuorr (W.) Ratio, Descriptio, Emendatio eorum Tomicinorum qui sunt in
Dr. medic. Chapuisii et autoris ipsius collectionibus et quos
preterea recognovit. [Mém. de la Soc. Roy. des Se. de Liége.
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Entomologist (he). 8vo. London, 1880. T. P. Newman.
Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine (The). Vol. XVII., Nos. 188—192. Vol.
XVITTI., Nos. 1983—199. 8vo. London, 1880. The Editors.
Goss (Herbert). The Insect Fauna of the Primary or Paleozoic Period. [The
last of Three Papers on Fossil Insects.] 8vo. 1879.
The Author.
The Geological Antiquity of Insects. Twelve Papers on Fossil Ento-
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The Author.
GossgE (Philip Henry). On the Structure, Functions, and Homologies of the
Manducatory Organs in the Class Rotifera. [Phil. Trans. Roy.
Soc.} 4to. London, 1855. The Author.
On the Dicecious Character of the Rotifera. (Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. ]
4to. London, 1856. The Author.
Grote (A. R.) See “ Norra American Entomonoatst.”
Hacen (Dr. H. A.) Destruction of Obnoxious Insects: Phylloxera, Potato-
Beetle, Cotton-Worm, Colorado Grasshopper, and Household Pests,
by Application of the Yeast Fungus. 8vo. Cambridge (Mass.),
1879. The Author.
XIX
The Author.
Hersst (Johann F. W.) Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und
Krebse. 4to. Vol. 1., Zurich, 1782. Vols. II. and III., Berlin
und Stralsund, 1796 und 1799. With folio Atlas of 62 Coloured
Plates. By exchange.
Hermann (Otto). Ungarns Spinnen-Fauna im Auftrage der Ko6n. Ungar.
Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft. Band. I.—III. 4to.
Budapest, 1876. [| Bi-lingual. Hungarian and German.) F. Grut.
Horn (George H.), M.D. Extracts from the Transactions of the American
Entomological Society, viz. :—
1. Notes on some Species of Hister.
2. Revision of the Species of Acmzeodera of the United States.
3. Descriptions of the Larve of the North-American Genera ot
Cicindelide, also of Dicelus, with a Note on Rhyncophorus.
4, Notes on some Genera of Cerambycide of the United States.
5. Contributions to the Coleopterology of the United States. No. 2.
6. Synopsis of the Monotomide of the United States.
7. Revision of the Nitidulide of the United States.
Hammonp (Arthur), On the Thorax of the Blow-fly (Musca vomitoria). 8vo.
879.
8. Notes on the Mycteride and other Heteromera. E. C. Rye.
Huxnry (T. H.) An Introduction to the Classification of Animals. 8vo,
London, 1869. By Exchange.
The Crayfish, an Introduction to the Study of Zoology. London, 1880,
J. W. Dunning.
Journal of Science. Nos. 75—77, 79, and 81—83. 8vo. London, 1880.
The Editor.
Karrer (Dr. F.) Entomologische Nachrichten, 5 Jahrg. Putbus.
The Editor. ©
Kirsy (W. F'.) A Synonymic Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera. Supplement,
March, 1871—June, 1877. S8vo. London, 1877. F. Grut.
Catalogue of the Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera, Sphingide, Castniide,
and Uraniide) in the Museum of Science and Art, Dublin, with
remarks on new or interesting species. [Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin
Soc.] 1879. The Author.
LansBerce (M. G. van). Description de quelques Coléoptéres de la Malaisie et
de la Papouasie. The Author.
Le Conte (Dr. John L.) The Tendencies of Scientific Culture. S8vo. Phila-
delphia, 1880. The Author.
The Coleoptera of the Alpine Rocky Mountains. Part 2. Washington,
1879. The Author.
On Lightniug Bugs. [Canadian Entomologist. ] The Author.
Synopsis of the North-American Species of Platynus, Bon. 1879.
The Author.
Short Studies of North-American Coleoptera. The Author.
Fungoid Diseases of Insects—a Reclamation. The Author.
LicutTenstgBin (Jules). Les Pucerons des Ormeaux (Aphides—Coccides) avec
Description de deux insectes nouveaux (Pemphigus ulmi—Ritsemia
pupifera). The Author.
Lebensgeschichte der Pappelgallen—Blattlaus. (Pemphigus Bursarius
(Aphis), Linné.) P. C. Zeller.
Les Pucerons du Terébinthe (Pistacia terebinthus, Lin.) The Author.
Chasse et Collection des Pucerons. 1880. The Author.
Observations Critiques sur les Pucerons des Ormeaux et les Pucerons
du Térebinthe, 1879. The Author.
XX
Lifnarp (Valére). Recherches sur le systeme nerveux des Arthropodes. Con-
stitution de Anneau Cisophagien. 1880. The Author.
Louis (J. A. H.) A few Words on the Present State and Future Prospects of
Sericiculture in Bengal. London, 1880. The Author.
Lucas (H.) Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie pendant les années 1840,
1841, 1842.—Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés. 3 Tomes
et Atlas. Imp. 4to. Paris, 1849. By purchase.
M‘Lacutan (Robert). A Monographic Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera
of the European Fauna. Part IX. [Completing the work.]
The Author.
Note on the Entomology of Portugal. Pseudo-Neuroptera and
Neuroptera-Planipennia. [Ent. Mo. Mag. ] The Author.
MacLeop (Jules). La Structure et la Circulation Peritrachéenne. Bruxelles,
1880. The Author.
Magazine of Zoology and Botany. Conducted by Sir W. Jardine, P. J. Selby,
and Dr. Johnston. 2 vols., 8vo. Edinburgh, 1837-38.
By exchange.
Merxrpora (Raphael). Inaugural Address delivered to the Epping Forest and
County of Essex Naturalists’ Field Club. 1880. The Author.
Mocaripeér (J. Traherne). Harvesting Ants and Trap-door Spiders. Notes and
Observations on their Habits and Dwellings. With Supplement.
2 vols., 8vo. London, 1873 and 1874. By exchange.
Moors (F.) The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. Part I. The Ceylon Government.
Naturalist (The). See Soctrtizs (HUDDERSFIELD).
Nature. Nos. 527—578. The Publishers.
North American Entomologist. Edited by A. R. Grote. Vol. I, Nos. 6, 7, 10,
ll and 12. 1879-80. The Editor.
OrmeEROD (Eleanor A.) The Chobham Journals. Abstracts and Summaries of
Meteorological and Phenological Observations made by Miss
Caroline Molesworth in the years 1825—1850. The Editor.
Notes of Observations of Injurious Insects. Report, 1879.
The Author.
OsTEN-SackEN (C. R.) Catalogue of tha described Diptera of North America.
Second Edition. 1878. The Smithsonian Institution.
Pracet (E.) Les Pédiculines. Essai monographique. 1 Tome, et Atlas.
By purchase.
Porritt (G. T.) Yorkshire Lepidoptera in 1878. The Author.
PREUDHOMME De Borre (A.) Note sur le Genre Macroderes, Westw.
The Author.
Description d'une espéce nouvelle du genre Trichillum, Harold.
(Coprides: Chceridiides). The Author.
Quelques mots sur l’Organisation et I’Histoire Naturelle des Animaux
Articules. Bruxelles, 1880. The Author.
Ktude sur les espéces de la tribu des Féronides qui se rencontrent en
Belgique. 2de partie. The Author.
Note sur la femelle des Rhagiosoma Madagascariense, Chapuis.
The Author.
Coup d’wuil sur l’Histoire des Vingt-cinqg premiéres années de la
Société Entomologique de Belgique. The Author.
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XX1
Saussure (Henri de). Spicilegia Entomologica. I. Genre Hemimerus. 1879.
The Author.
Voyage au Turkestan de A. P. Fedtschenko. Hyménoptéres, famille
des Scolides. St. Petersburg & Moscow, 1880. The Author.
Scottish Naturalist (The). Edited by F. Buchanan White, M.D. Nos. 37—40.
The Publishers.
ScuppEr (S. H.) A Century of Orthoptera. The Author.
Insects from the Tertiary Beds of the Nicola and Similkameen Rivers,
British Columbia. The Author.
Paleeozoie Cockroaches; a Complete Revision of the Species of both
Worlds, with an Essay toward their Classification. Boston, 1879.
The Author.
The Early Types of Insects; or, the Origin and Sequence of Insect-life
in Paleozoic Times. Boston, 1879. The Author.
The Devonian Insects of New Brunswick. Boston, 1880.
The Author.
Srespoitp (Ph. Fr. de) & W. DE Haan. Fauna Japonica. Auctore Ph. Fr. de
Siebold.—Crustacea elaborante W. de Haan. Folio. Lugduni
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Societies (Transactions of Learned) :—
(ADELAIDE). Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Philosophical
Society of Adelaide, South Australia for 1878-79. Adelaide, 1879.
The Society.
(Bertin). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 23 Jahrg., 1879. Zweites
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(Boston, Mass., U.S.A.) Froceedings of the Boston Society of Natural
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The Society.
Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. III., Pt. 1,
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(Bruny). Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Briinn. XVII.
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(Brunswick). Jahresbericht des Vereins fiir Naturwissenschaft zu Braun-
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(Brussets). Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. XXIL., 4.
The Society.
Assemblée générale extraordinaire convoquée pour la consideration de
la Fondation de la Societé Entomologique de Belgique.
The Society.
Bulletin de l’Academie Royale des Sciences, &c. Tome 49, No. 1.
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(BuckuHurst Hitt). Transactions of the Epping Forest and County of Essex
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(Buenos Ayres). Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina. 1878.
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CamBRIDGE, Mass., U.S.A.) Psyche, Organ of the Cambridge Entomological
Club. Vol. IL., July to Dec., 1879. Vol. III., Nos. 69—76.
The Club.
Annual Report of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard
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Corposa, Argentine Repub.) Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias
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(Dustin). The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society. New
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Xxil
Societies (Transactions of Learned).
(FnorencE). Bulletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana. Anno XL.,
Trimestre 4, and Anno XII., Trimestre 1, 2, 3. Firenzi, 1880.
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(HuppDERSFIELD). The Naturalist; Journal of the Yorkshire Naturalists’
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The Society.
Royal Society Catalogue of Scientific Papers. Vol. VIII. The Society. ;
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The Society.
Proceedings of the Scientifie Meetings of tha Zoological Society of
London. 1879, Pt. 4; and 1880, Pts.1,2 and 3. The Society.
Catalogue of the Library of the Zoological Society. The Society.
Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Vol. IL., Nos. 7 and 7a
(Dec. 1879); Vol. III., Nos. 1 to 5 (1880). The Society-
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(Lonpon & Leeps). Transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union.
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(MinwavKEE, Wis., U.S.A.) Jahres Bericht des Naturhistorischen Vereins
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(St. Louis, Miss., U.S.A.) Transactions of the Academy of Science of
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No. 1. The Society.
(St. PeTEBspuRG). Hore Societatis Entomologice Rossice. Tome XII.,
No. 2; Tome XIV. 1876 & 1878. The Society.
(SCHAFFHAUSEN). Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft. Vol. V.,
Heft. Nos. 9 & 10; Vol. VI., No. 1. 1879-80. The Society.
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(SypNEY). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.
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Xxill
Societies (Transactions of Learned).
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lléme année, fase. 3; 12éme année, fasc. 4; 13dme année, fase. 2,
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Obituary Notice by J. O. Westwood. R. M‘Lachlan.
/
WatsH (Benjamin D.) Sur la Nymphe du genre d’Ephémerines Betisca.
Traduis par Dr. Emile Joly. The Translator.
WatsincHam (Lord). Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Hete-
rocera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. American
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Wartrrnouse (Charles Owen). Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera
in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Lycide.
Trustees of British Museum.
Westwoop (J. 0.) Articles extracted from the ‘Gardener's Chronicle,’ viz. :—
(1) The Cabbage Moth; (2) The Pea Midge; (3) The Pea Moth;
(4) The Vea Thrips. The Author.
Observations on the Uraniide, a Family of Lepidopterous Insects, with
a Synopsis of the Family and a Monograph of Coronidia, one of the
Genera of which it is composed. [Trans. Zool. Soe. ]
FE. Grut.
Witson (C. A.) The Life and Works of Alfred Russel Wallace. By Delta.
[‘ The Garden and the Field.’ Adelaide.] The Author.
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Winsor (Justin). Bibliographical Contributions. Edited by J. W. Library of
the Harvard University. No. 11. The Editor.
XXIV
Woop-Mason (James). Preliminary Notice of a new Genus (Parectatosoma) of
Phasmideé from Madagascar, with brief descriptions of two new
Species. The Author.
Synopsis of the Species of Cheradodes, a remarkable Genus of Mantodea
common to India and Tropical America. ‘The Author.
ZELLER (P. C.) Microlepidoptern in Australien, ein Brief des Hon. Edward
Meyrick aus dem ‘ Kntomologist’s Monthly Magazine,’ xv., pp. 70,
71, tibersetzsdurch P.C.Z. The Author.
ZoGcRAF¥ (Nicolas). Anatomy of Lithobius forficatus. Moscow, 1880.
Zoological Record. Vol. XY. (1878).
By purchase.
Zoologist (The) for 1880.
1. P. Newman.
THE
TRANS 26 TrONns
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF
LONDON
FOR THE YEAR 1880.
I, Materials for a revision of the Lampyride. By the
Rey. H. 8. Goruam.
[Read December 5th, 1879, February 4th and March 3rd, 1880. ]
In submitting the descriptions of hitherto uncharacterized
beetles of the family of Lampyride to the Entomological
Society, I will introduce the subject by a few general
remarks which I venture to think will not be out of place.
The family in question form the second division of the
great group Malacodermata of Latreille, or they may be
properly regarded as a sub-family or group of secondary
importance. For the purpose of this paper I shall treat
them as a family, for though they certainly pass very
gradually into the Lycide on one side, and the Telepho-
ride on the other, yet a very little experience will enable
the student at once to decide whether a species really
belongs to the Lampyride or not. The resemblance to
the former is rather apparent than real, a true case of
mimicry, there being scarcely a pattern in the Lycide
which is not repeated here. With regard to their affinity
to the Telephoride, Photuris, which makes the nearest
approach, is so very natural a genus, and retains so many
peculiar characters of the Lampyride, including their
luminosity, in so high a degree that the general characters,
TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1880.—PART I. (MARCH.) B
2 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s materials for a
which I now proceed to give, will always separate them.
Lacordaire thus defines these differences :—
Intermediate cox separated by an interval—
I.—Lycide.
Intermediate coxz close to each other—
Antenne inserted close together .. U.—Lampyride.
Antenne separated .. a0 -. UL—TZelephoride.
On this I will merely remark that as we study the
general structure of Photuris, it will be found to recede
further from the Telephorides, e.g., in the development of
the eyes, correlated with that of the production of light
in the female, and in the structure of the abdomen, of
which more hereafter.
I now go on to speak of the generic classification of
these insects. If Motschulsky used the number of appa-
rent light-giving segments in the abdomen, to the neglect
of more important modifications in its structure, yet on a
review of the more natural arrangement to which Lacor-
daire reduced his genera, or rather restored the family,
we shall see a distinct relation between the development
of the phosphorescent power, and many, if not all, the
other modifications. Thus im the first section in which
both males and females are equally provided with wings,
and in which those remarkably beautiful flabellate antennz
are found, the light-giving parts are confined to one or
two small points, and the eyes, especially those of the
males, are not of extraordinary size. While in those
genera which form the latter half of this section (Lucido-
tides ), and are contained in the two following (Lampyrides,
Luciolides), and in which the phosphorescence reaches its
greatest development, the antennz are reduced to simple
filiform, often very short organs, and the eyes of the males
are so enlarged as to resemble small seeds. In short, if
T see the head of a Lampyrid, I can predict the greater
or less phosphorescence of the ventral portion.
And beyond this I have found that the best generic
characters lie in the structure of the last or last but one
abdominal plates; these are cut out or lobed in a manner
varying in each genus I have yet examined, sometimes
alike in each sex, at others differently. These portions
are apt to shrivel m such soft-bodied insects, enhancing
the difficulty of examination in old specimens. I there-
fore must ask some indulgence for the merely partial
description of these parts, and for the mere attempt at
drawings of them which I have to offer.
revision of the Lampyride. 3
One word as to the so-called luminous portions. These
parts are patches, or even whole ventral and sometimes
dorsal plates, deprived of pigment and hence often white,
and vitrified in a peculiar manner, to which I apply the
word eburated ; this occurs oftenest when the portion is
small, and then it is generally also raised, and seems to
bear some analogy to the eburated white marks and fascie,
which I have noticed in the elytra of other Coleoptera, e.g.,
in Longicorns and Cleride. Is it merely a fancy that these
raised portions act as lenses for condensing and intensifying
the light, and that in some of the other Coleoptera I have
mentioned they permit the sun’s rays to pass through the
elytra and exercise some good effect on the body, while
here they serve something like the bull’s-eye of a lantern
for the dispersal of the rays of light? The spots on the
thorax of the luminous elaters of the genus Pyrophorus
may serve to illustrate my meaning in the light-giving case;
the lucid points on the elytra of a species of Helota, described
by myself (H. gemmata), that of the light-transmitting case.
I do not aspire to a revision of the Lampyride at present;
the material in my hands is not sufficient for that: it con-
sists of—1, my own collections, formed for a few years only,
including that of Mr. Norris; 2, that of the Brussels
Museum with Guérin’s types obligingly entrusted to me
by the Curators; 3, the collection sent and still coming
from Mr. Champion, from Guatemala; 4, typical speci-
mens from M. Chevrolat, and a few small collections for
which I beg to thank the various lenders.
I content myself now with merely enumerating the
species I have actually identified, and describing those
which appear to be new, at the same time indicating where
the specimens alluded to are now. The first portion
which I lay before you to-night takes the Lwezdotides as
far as the end of Lucidota, or the genera with pectinate
or at least dentate antennze. ‘Thirty species and one genus
are described as new.
List oF NEw SPECIES.
Lamprocera tristior. Cladodes ventralis.
3 preeusta. % nigricollis.
i picta. . plumosa.
3 brevicollis. Pheenolis genus novum.
Hyas bipunctata. 7s laciniata.
», rhomboidea. r ustulata (Chevr.).
5, angularis (Cheyr.). 3 ochracea,
Cladodes stellata. ZEthra despecta.
B2
4 Rey. H. S. Gorham’s materials for a
ZKithra concolor. Lucidota silphoides.
», brunnipennis. - bella.
Vesta Saturnalis. es rubricollis.
»» proxima. 5 fulgurans.
», _ basalis. an apicicornis.
Lucidota proxima. » limbata.
S californica (Chevr.). i tricolor (Chevr.).
si exstincta. ” quadriguttata.
3 boliviana.
LAMPROCERA, Castelnau.
L. Latreilleit, Kirby, Tr. Linn. Soe. xii. 387.
(Pl. X XI. fig. 4a.)
Brazil, ¢, 2. All collections.
Lamprocera tristior, n. sp.
Sooty-black, thorax with the margin reflexed, which in
one é is very narrowly yellow, elytra witha narrow yellow
vitta from the humeral callus for two-thirds their length.
Luminous round spot on fifth ventral segment.
Long. lin. 9—10.
2 ¢ Brus. M., Brazil; 1 2 Gorh., Rio Grande.
Lamprocera preusta, n. sp.
Testacea, antennis, tibiis, tarsis, elytrorum apice epis-
ternis mesothoracis, abdominisque lateribus, et segmentis
tribus apicalibus, fusco nigris.
Long. lin. 10; lat. lin. 5. 9.
Of the form of L. Latretlle?, and equal in size to small
females of it. I have only seen one ¢ of this species,
which is in my collection, from that of Norris.
Buenos Ayres.
Lamprocera Castelnau, Kirsch., Berl. Zeit. 1865, p. 69.
Niger, thorace elytrisque brunneis, his apice late, illo
disco nigris, thoracis angulis posterioribus punctatis, sub-
fuscis.
Long. lin. 9—11; lat. 5—6.
Of the size and form of dlattina, unlike any other
species in the colouring, the luminous segment in the ¢
appears to be the seventh, in the ?, although the segments
are rufo-fuscous in their middle and at the sides any dis-
tinctly-luminous portion is not apparent. Antenne widely
flabellate in 6, pectinate in ¢.
Nova Grenada, Gorh. 6, ?. B.M.
revision of the Lampyride. 9)
Lamprocera abdominalis, Cast. Essai, 136. Lac. Gen. iv.
p- 312.
Gorh, ¢. Brus: 2.
The humeral callus and base of elytra round the scu-
tellum are yellow.
Lamprocera picta, un. sp.
Nigro-fusca, thorace antice, elytrisque fascia lata, mar-
ginem non attingente flavis.
Long. lin. 8—11; lat. 5—6.
Very nearly related to abdominalis, Cast., but the
elytra usually are concolorous at the base (the scutellar
spot and a very small basal streak external to the callus
are present in one 2 example), and the fuscous abdomen
sufficiently distinguish this species. The arcuate sixth
segment in the ¢, and two points on the seventh segment
in the ¢ are luminous.
Nicaragua, Godman and Salvin. ¢, 2. Brus. 2 var.
Lamprocera brevicollis, n. sp.
Nigro-fuscus, thorace antice pallido, elytris fuscis an-
culis basalibus et macula magna communi post scutellum
flavis.
Long. lin. 8; lat. 4. 9.
Rather oblong, thorax very short, external angles
rounded, a little longer than Hyas denticornis, but not
so wide.
Buenos Ayres, Gorh. (e Norris).
Lamprocera flavoquadrata, Blanchard Voy. d’Orb.
(Fig. 124.)
Bolivia, Brus. M. 2.
Lamprocera blattina, Perty Del. An. Art., p. 26.
CRIN, fie. 1)
Brazil, ¢, 2.
Cayenne, Brus. M. 2 var. Thorace antice tantum
pallide binotato.
Surinam, Bartlett, ¢ var. Thorace antice pallido, basi
etiam anguste testaceo, striolis duobus rufis discoidalibus,
elytris basi tenuissime et circa scutellum pallidis.
Gorh. ¢, ?. Thorace antice tantum pallido.
6 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s materials for a
Hyas, Castelnau.
Hyas denticornis, Germ. Ins. Nov. Spec. p. 67, 6, &.
Brazil, all collections [ Rio Jan., Brus. M. ].
Hyas scissiventris, Perty Del. An. Art. p. 26. (PI. al Be
fig. 2.)
Brazil.
Obs.—Apparently a variety of the preceding, in which
the central fascia is more divided than usual.
Hyas bipunctatus, n. sp.
Niger, thorace antice maculis duabus pallidis trans-
lucidis, angulis posterioribus subacutis, elytris thorace
latioribus, postice angustatis, punctis duobus lateralibus
paulo post medium sitis, pallidis. Subtus nigro-fuscus,
abdomine medio tantum flavo notato.
Long. lin. 5—6; lat. 43.
The characters of the apical segments of the abdomen
of the male are similar to those of denticornis. The
pygidial and ventral plates together form a circular
opening.
Brazil? Three ¢. Coll. Gorh. (Norris).
Tyas rhomboidea, n. sp.
Fusca, thorace transversim subquadrato, lateribus antice
paululum angustatis, vittis duabus croceis, disco nitido,
elytris flavis dimidio apicali, maculisque duabus lateralibus,
nigris; abdomine segmentis ventralibus medio flavis.
Long. lin. 8; lat. 4.
Mas.—Segmento sexto ventrali medio exciso, bidentato,
dorsali bilobato, uncinato.
Oblong, parallel, rather flat elytra, a little wider than
the thorax, the latter squarish, the front margin a little
produced, little reflexed, the yellow vitte are placed in two
shallow foveze, which extend from front to base, the disc
and sides elevated, the former finely carinate. Scutellum
black, shining. lytra with the sides parallel, shoulders
and apex rounded, sutural angle also round; the humeral
callus is well raised, basal expanded margin reflexed,
ochreous-yellow, a large lateral spot and the apical half, or
rather less, smoky-black. Legs black, anterior trochanters
yellow. Antenne black, with fairly-long lamellee.
The ventral claspers are singular and much more deve-
revision of the Lampyride. 7
loped than in denticornis, in which the sixth segment is
simply cut out.
Nicaragua, Chontales. A single male. Coll. Godman
and Salvin.
Hyas flabellata, Fab. Syst. El. i. p. 106.
Cayenne, Paramaribo (Chev.).
Base of elytra and dentate pale fascia, sometimes united.
Hyas guttata, Fab. Syst. El. ii. p. 107.
Cayenne, Demerara. Brus. M.
Apical ventral segment acutely notched in ¢?3 base of
elytra and two lateral spots pale.
These two species are not distinguished in collections,
if, indeed, they are distinct.
Hyas angularis, n. sp. (Chev. in lit.) Cratomorphus.
Late-ovata, obscure nigro-fumosa, opaca, thorace rufo,
medio miniato leviter carinato, angulis posticis, et disco
ad basin, infumatis, abdomine, apice dilutiori. ¢, ¢.
Long. lin. 54—6; lat. 33—4.
A species sent me by M. Chevrolat, under the name
I adopt, is rather doubtfully assigned to this genus. It
agrees very nearly with a larger specimen, which I
obtained from Norris’s Collection, and which I regard
as the female. In the first, the anal opening is formed
as in typical Hyas, but the apical segments are more
deeply excised. ‘The antennz in this are wanting. In
my Norrisian specimen, the two ventral apical plates are
excised, but not deeply, the pygidial simply sinuate, and
not convex so as to form any large opening. The antennz
are long, sub-dentate; two basal joints pale.
Mexico; Chey.
CLADODES SOLIER.
Cladodes lamellicornis, Mots. Etudes Ent. 1853, ii. 10.
$, 2. Rio Janeiro; Gorh.
Cladodes flabellicornis, Mots. l.c. p.10. ¢.
Brazil; Gorh., Brus. M.
Cladodes Demoulini, Mots. 1. ¢. p. 10.
Rio Janeiro, ¢; Santa Catharina, 2 ? Brus. M., Gorh.,
and most collections.
8 Rey. H. S. Gorham’s materials for a
Cladodes stellata, n. sp.
Niger, prothorace, elytrisque flavis, his apice late, illo
disco nigro.
Long. lin. 7; lat. 33.
Very like flabellicornis, Mots., in colour, but smaller,
and distinguished from it by the thorax being much more
coarsely and deeply punctured on the yellow margin; in
Jlabellicornis there is a short carina on the base of the
black discoidal patch, this is absent in stellata; the
scutellum is yellow at its apex, but pitchy-black at the
base alone, and there is a slight dark stain on the elytra
on each side of the scutellum which I have not observed
in flabellicornis.
From Demoulini, to which it is more nearly related,
the nearly total absence of the black round the scutellum,
and the less extended black colour of the apex of the
elytra distinguish it.
Rio Janeiro, Brus. M.
Cladodes ventralis, n. sp.
Niger, prothorace, elytris basi apiceque, abdominis
segmentis quatuor primis in medio flavis.
Long. lin. 64.
Black, prothorax yellow, small in proportion to the size
of the insect, obsoletely and finely punctured, elytra
fuscous black, with the basal third and apical margin
yellow; the yellow portion of the base extends itself
angularly about to the middle, the first two segments of
the abdomen are nearly entirely yellow, the third and fourth
yellow in the middle. Possibly this is the luminous portion,
as spots are not evident on the seventh segment.
The lamella of the antennz are rather long.
The single specimen of this species I have seen is a
very old one, probably from Norris’s collection; the
elytra are somewhat shrivelled, but the specimen is other-
wise perfect.
Hab. (?)—Gorh.
Cladodes nigricollis, n. sp.
Ater, elytris croceis, apice nigris.
Gong, lin: 7.
Elytra little wider than the thorax, the latter finely
rugose at the margins, disc rough, but scarcely punctured,
revision of the Lampyride. 9
opaque, the yellow of the elytra extends a little near the
suture and margin towards the apex. Two luminous
spots on seventh segment.
Kceuador, Brus. M.; a single specimen.
Cladodes plumosa, n. sp.
Croceo-flava, antennis, palpis, elytrorum dimidio apicali,
abdomine, tibiis, tarsisque nigris, thorace brevi angulis
posterioribus sub-rotundatis.
Long. lin. 73.
Head yellow, antennz and palpi much as in C. flabel-
licornis, M. Thorax of a different form to any of the
preceding species, having the sides much more rounded,
and contracted in to the hind angles, which are not pro-
duced, but meet the base (which is truncate, slightly
sinuous) in an obtuse angle. Their anterior and lateral
margins are hardly reflexed. Sides roughly, sub-
rugosely punctured, disc nearly smooth, obsoletely cari-
nate. Elytra with the sides little expanded, of the
width of the thorax, the apical half smoky-black.
Abdomen with the lateral lobes of the dorsal segments
well developed, more rounded, and not so much produced
backwards as in jflabellicornis, the abdomen is hence
wider and broader at the apex, the two luminous points
of the ventral sixth segment are small, smooth, whitish and
a little convex, they do not show through to the dorsal or
pygidial surface, as is the case in some other species of
Cladodes, and it may be hence concluded their light is
only visible from beneath. The sterna, coxee and femora
are entirely of the crocus-yellow colour of the thorax
and half-elytra, and this character alone separates this
elegant species from any other of its allies; it is, however,
similar in this respect to the insect described in this paper
as Phenolis laciniatus.
Nicaragua (Chontales); coll. Godman and Salvin.
Atycunus, Kirsch., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1865, p. 71.
Pygidium in the male angularly emarginate, in the
female rounded. (Plate, fig. 9.)
This singular genus combines the characters of Luci-
dota with those of Photinus, the shortening of the elytra
in the ¢, together with a moderate enlargement of the
abdomen (which is sublobate in the ¢), is associated with
apparently a total loss of luminosity, testified both by the
10 Rey. H. S. Gorham’s materials for a
absence of diaphanous segments, and small, feebly-deve-
loped eyes.
Alychnus xanthorrhaphus, Kirsch. |. ¢. p. 72.
Columbia, Brus. M., Guérin, Men. Gorh. (Norris),
Bod
Probably in most collections.
PuixotTomus, Leconte, Classif. Col. N. Am. I.
p. 184, 1861.
The elytra here are rudimentary in the ?, and feebly
developed in the ¢, which is, however, quite capable of
flight. The eyes are well developed, especially in the
male. Abdomen sublobed in the é, pygidium rounded,
faintly bisinuate in 6, round in @, ventral, apical emargi-
nate scarcely notched in the same sex.
Pleotomus pallens, Lec. New Spec. Col. I. p. 88.
Texas, U. S. America, Gorh.
PHAENOLIS, genus novum.
Maxillary palpi.
Eyes small. Head entirely received into the prothorax.
Antenne 11-jointed; joint 1 stout, 2 short, 3—10 bifla-
bellate,as in Lamprocera Latreillet. Prothorax contracted
at the base, its margins broadly reflexed. Scutellum elon-
gate. Hlytra not expanded, their lateral margin a little
reflexed. Abdomen having the dorsal segments lobed at
the sides; segments four, five and six laciniate, the seventh
widely bilobed; the anal, or corresponding ventral segment,
being divided and produced in two recurved, spathulate
lobes, at the base of which is a luminous spot.
Type, Phenolis laciniatus, Gorh.
Phenolis laciniatus, n. sp.
Elongatus, subparallelus, ochraceus, capite antennis,
palpis, abdomine, tibiis, tarsis, elytrorumque apice late
fusco-nigris.
Long. lin. 6—7. $4, 2 ?.
Head black, antennz with the lamellzx equal on each
side, long; breast ochreous-yellow, extreme tip of femora
dusky, tibize and tarsis black, excepting the claws, which
revision of the Lampyride. 11
are yellow. Abdomen black, apical ventral segment
bilobed, the lobes being central and with their margins
reflexed; the luminous spot on this segment is whitish,
smooth and convex. Thorax and elytra dull ochreous,
the latter with their apical third smoky-black. Rather
near the following species, from which the yellow breast
will separate it.
Nicaragua, Chontales. Three specimens, $?. Coll.
Godman and Salvin.
Phenolis ustulatus, Chevrolat (in lit.).
Niger, prothorace, elytrorumque basi, ochraceis.
Long. lin. 5—6.
Head, antenne and palpi black; prothorax orange-
yellow, inclining to brick-red or vermilion in the centre.
Elytra smoky-black, excepting the basal third, the black
colour extending indistinctly along the costal ridge to the
humeral callus. Legs black, anterior and middle cox
yellow at their base.
Zapote, Guatemala. ‘Two specimens, apparently males,
agree with a type sent to me by Chevrolat, with the above
name, and which is, I think, a female from Mexico. This
latter exhibits no trace of a luminous spot, but the anal
segments are precisely similar, as well as the pectination
of the antennz, to those I think to be males.
Phenolis ockraceus, n. sp.
Ochraceus, capite, antennis, palpis tibiis tarsisque fuscis,
abdominis lateribus et apice leviter infuscatis.
Long. lin. 6—7. ¢, $?.
Dull ochreous-yellow, with the antenne, tibia and tarsi
fuscous; the abdomen in the male (if I am correct in
assigning one of the two specimens to that sex) is slightly
darker, inclining to pitchy, at the sides and apex, while
in the female? it is rather more infuscate still. The pro-
thorax in the former is more acuminate in front, less con-
tracted behind than in the female ?, but in neither is any
trace of luminous parts observable.
Nicaragua, Chontales. Coll. Godman and Salvin.
CALYPTOCEPHALUS (Gray, Griffith, An. Kined. i. p. 370.)
Calyptocephalus fasciatus, Gray, loc. cit.. (Pl. XX XIX.
5°
Guiana. Brit. M.
12 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s materials for a
The narrow thorax and fasciate elytra give this species
a lyciform look.
PoLuiycuasis, Newman.
Pollyclasis bifarius, Say, Bost. Journ. i. p. 157.
The genus is very distinct from the last, and will, no
doubt, stand. J have not been able to make a detailed
examination of the type.
America borealis, United States. Brit. M.
/ETHRA, Cast.
Abdomen lobed; sixth segment produced triangularly in
middle.
LEthra marginata, Gray; Griff. An. Kingdom.
Brazil, Gorh.; Columbia, Brus. M.
LEthra lateralis, Cast. Essai, p. 133.
Brazil, Constancia, Gorh.; Brus. M.: coll. Guérin,
Men., but ticketed “ marginata, Gray.” There is no type
of M. Guérin’s lateralis in this collection.
Lthra despecta, n. sp.
Rufo-brunnea, subnitida, capite, antennis, tibiis, tarsis,
et abdomine nigris, thoracis disco, elytrisque margine
excepto interdum infuscatis.
Long. lin. 4—44.
Head black, crown shining, antennz nearly as long as
the body ; joint 1 moderately stout, 2 short, 3—10 trian-
gular, their innerside acuminate subpectinate, 11 elongate,
and all compressed. Thorax short, almost semicircular,
middle canaliculate, margins reflexed, and hind angles
acute. Elytra four times the length of thorax, ochreous-
red, in the majority of specimens a little infuscate, with
the entire margin paler.
Nicaragua, Chontales; Godman and Salvin.
Columbia; Brus. M. and Gorh.
LEthra concolor, n. sp.
Parallela, flavo-testacea, capite nigro, thorace trans-
verso angulis posticis acutis, antennis corporis longitudinis,
serratis tibiis tarsisque nigro-fuscis.
Long. lin, 5.
revision of the Lampyride. 13
Mas.?—Pygidio margine apicali tridentato. (Plate,
fiz. 7.)
Closely allied to A. despecta, but the abdomen is yellow,
and the wings are pale, and the antennz are simply serrate,
not, as in that species, almost pectinate.
Trazu, Costa Rica. 6,000 to 7,000 ft. alt.; coll. God-
man and Salvin.
LE thra brunnipennis, n. sp.
Nigra, subnitida, elytris brunneo-flavis, thorace canali-
culato, semicirculari.
Long. lin. 44.
Allied to the preceding, and of the same form and size,
but with the body entirely black, the elytra alone being
yellow.
Hab. ?—Brus. M.; a single specimen.
Vesta, Castelnau Essai, p. 133.
Type, V. Chevrolatii.
I think it will be better to retain this name for the
Eastern species. The sixth ventral segment is produced
into a small tooth-like lobe in its centre, which overlies a
seventh lobe-like segment. I have only seen one specimen
that I can consider to be a female of this genus, viz., one
of V. Saturnalis, in this the abdomen is very wide, the
sixth segment angularly elevated in the middle, the
seventh is triangularly cut out.
Vesta Chevrolatti, Cast. loc. cit.
Java; Brus. M.; Chevrolat; Gorh. ¢.
Vesta Saturnalis, n. sp.
Nigro-picea, prothorace, elytris abdominisque segmentis
sexto et septimo brunneo-flavis, thorace disco canaliculato,
margine laterali reflexo angulis posticis acutis.
Long. lin. 10—11.
Mas.—Segmento sexto ventrali acuminato producto.
Femina.—Kodem leviter emarginato, septimo triangu-
lariter exciso.
Rather larger and wider than V. Chevrolatii.. Thorax
and elytra ochreous-yellow, the dise of the former a little
14 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
shining, and with a deep longitudinal sulcation. Sides
sinuous from the base to the apex, which is acuminate
and produced as in Chevrolatii. Head, with the an-
tenn, palpi, underside of the body and legs black, the
apex of the abdomen, and in the ¢ the sides, of two or three
preceding segments yellow. Scutellum pitchy, elytra
dull, three nervures apparent, the humeral one costate.
India, Naga Hills, 5,000 ft. alt., and Khasia Hills,
Assam; coll. Gorh.; about twelve examples, one of
which is a female.
Vesta Menetriesit, Mots. Etudes Ent. 1853, p. 43.
Java. Two specimens which I refer to this, without
locality in Brus. M.
Vesta flavicollis, Mots. [ Cratolampis] Etud. Ent.
1853, p. 43.
Philippine Isles; Gorh.
Vesta proxima, n. sp.
Flavo-rufa, capite, antennis, palpis, tibiis, tarsis elytris-
que nigris.
Long. lin. 6.
Very near to rufiventris, Mots. [Cratolampis], which,
without doubt, belongs to this genus. It appears to differ
in the colour of the thighs, which in proxima are with
the coxze and whole of the body entirely yellow; the knees
alone with the tibiz and tarsi are black. The thorax
is wider and more acuminate in front than in flavicollis,
and is also with the scutellum clothed with short, yellow
hairs.
Hab.?—In my own Collection, with yellow ticket ;
probably India,
Vesta rufiventris, Mots. | Cratolampis] Etud. Ent.
1853, p. 43.
Philippine Isles; Gorh.
Three specimens appear to agree with this, but the
thorax is not translucid in any part, and is scarcely
channelled. 2
Vesta basalis, n. sp.
Rufa, subtus flava, capite, antennis, palpis tibiis, tarsis,
elytrisque (basi excepto) nigris.
Long. lin. 5—6,
revision of the Lampyride. 15
This species is also very nearly allied to the two pre-
ceding, but differs in colour, having the base of the elytra
red, varying in extent in the two specimens before me;
they are also rather wide in proportion to their length.
Hab, ?—Two very old specimens with yellow tickets ;
coll. Gorh.
LucernvutTa, Cast. Ann. Fr. 1833, p. 136.
Lucernuta fenestrata, Germ. Ins. n. sp. p. 66. 6, 2.
Brazil; Brus. M.; Gorh.
Lucipota, Cast. loc. cit.
Lucidota flabellicornis, Fab. Spec. Ins. i. p. 252.
ry pectinicornis, Mots.
Brazil (Espirito Santo, &c.). ¢. Brit. M. coll. Banks,
Type; &, ¢. Brus. M.; Gorh.
The male has the sixth, that is, the apical ventral seg-
ment broadly and triangularly cut out.
Lucidota compressicornis, Fab. Syst. El. i. p. 103 ?
Brazil; Rio Grande; Gorh.
Three specimens, which have the antennz longer, but
with the joints 3—8 more compressed than in the pre-
ceding species, not flabellate but triangularly acuminate
within, I refer to this. The abdomen has the pygidium
long, faintly emarginate at the apex, the ventral apical
seoment not excised, but trilobate.
Lucidota, sp.?
Rio Janeiro; Gorh.
Antenne only half the length of the body, compressed
serrate, joints triangularly acuminate.
Lucidota albo-marginata, Solier. ?
Hab.?—Gorh.
Two specimens in my collection from Norris.
Antenne compressed, joints 3—8 scarcely serrate, rather
longer than wide ; anterior margin of thorax scarcely re-
flexed, translucent on the margin on each side of the apex.
Elytra ovate, margin expanded, white in the middle,
except the narrow reflexed edge. Abdomen witlr a
transverse white luminous mark on the fifth segment,
pygidium triangular, truncate.
16 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Lucidota Klugii, De}. Cat.,—Mots. ?
Hab.?—Gorh. <A species labelled ‘ Klugi,” in La-
treille’s writing, scarcely agrees with Motschulsky’s descrip-
tion, as the elytra have a wide pale yellow band, widest
on the margins and suture.
Lucidota lunata, Mots. II. 1853, p. 41.
Brazil [‘ Constancia,” “ Tejuca”] ; Gorh.
Antenne sharply serrate, pygidium sinuate at apex.
The largest species I have seen, 10—12 lines.
Lucidota Banoni, Cast. Ess. p. 137?
Hab. ?—Gorh.
A specimen in my collection, labelled ‘ mellicula,” from
Norris, seems to be this. The name is from Dej. Cat.
Lucidota thoracica, Cast. Essai, p. 137.
a penuata, De}.
The antennz are as long as the body, their flabellee
more distant from each other at the base than usual, of
the length of two joints or nearly, giving a more plume-like
appearance than in any other species I know.
Columbia, Brus. M. Hab. ?—Gorh. (Norris).
Lucidota proxima, n. sp.
Nigro-fusca, thorace rufo, vitté mediana nigra, coxis et
femoribus anticis rufo-piceis, abdomine apice flavo.
Long. lin. 6.
Like thoracica, but distinct, the antennez are shorter,
a little more than half the body’s length, compressed
joints 3—8 internally acuminate, but only sharply so
from joint 6. The underside is not yellow as in thoracica,
Cast., under which name the specimen described was sent
me by M. Chevrolat.
Cayenne, Gorh. (Chev.)
Lucidota nigripennis, Solier, Gay Hist. Chili, iv. p. 449.
Antenne nearly as long as body, sub-serrate.
Chili, Brus. M.
Lucidota rhododera, Solier, loc. cit.
Antenne half body’s length.
Chili, Brit. M.
revision of the Lampyride. Me
Lucidota biplagiata, Mots. Bull. Mose. 1. p. 167.
Ps vulnerata, Kiesenw.
Antenne faintly serrate, nearly as long as body.
Japan; coll. Lewis. I am indebted to Mr. Lewis for
a type.
Lucidota discicollis, Kiesenw.
Antenne compressed, almost simple, shorter than in
biplagiata.
Japan; coll. Lewis, from whom I received a type.
Lucidota tabida, Kiesenw.
Japan; coll. Lewis.
Lucidota angusticollis, Kiesenw.
Japan ; coll. Lewis.
The Japanese species are allied both to the Chilian
and North American.
Lucidota atra, Ol. Ent. u. 28. (PI. III. fig. 28.)
United States, Brus. M.; Gorh.
Var.? Nicaragua (Chontales) ; ; coll. Godman and
Salvin.
The pygidium has its hind margin sinuate and centre
finely notched; the ventral segment appears cuspidate,
and two or three preceding dorsal segments are lobed.
Lucidota Californica, n. sp.
Aterrima, thorace (disco et margine laterali tenui ex-
ceptis) lxete rufo, angulis posticis rectis, antennis sub-
filiformibus leviter compressis.
Long. lin. 33.
California; Chevrolat, to whom I am indebted for the
species.
Lucidota exstincta, n. sp.
Magis linearis, aterrima, prothorace sanguineo vitta
discoidali lata nigra, in medio et ad basin inzequaliter
impresso.
Long. lin. 32. ¢.
Closely resembling Lucidota Californica, from which it
differs in not having the lateral margis of the prothorax
TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1880.—PART I. (MARCH.) Cc
18 Rey. H. S. Gorham’s materials for a
narrowly black, and the central black vitta wider. The
elytra have the nervures distinct, especially at the base.
It is very difficult to decide whether this species belongs
to Photinus or Lucidota, but taking the very short 2nd
joint of the antennz into account, I think it is better
placed in the latter.
Guatemala City, and Duenas; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Lucidota Boliviana, n. sp.
Nigro-fumosa, thorace rufo, disco leviter canaliculato
angulis posticis paulo retrorsum acutis, antennis acute
serratis, corporis vix longitudine eequalibus; coxis, femori-
bus et tibiis anterioribus et intermediis rufo-fuscis, abdo-
minis apice flavo.
Long. lin. 54.
Like Banoni, but the scutellum and breast are smoky-
black.
Bolivia, Brus. M. (Guérin); a single specimen.
Lucidota bella, n. sp.
Atra, subnitida, thorace lucido flavo, disco miniato,
coxis anticis et intermediis rufis, scutello flavo.
Long. lin. 4—5.
Head black; antennz about half the body’s length,
subserrate, entirely black, with the exception that the
basal and short 2nd joint are sometimes paler in the
articulation; elytra shiming black, with the nervures
apparent, especially the discoid; thorax semicircular, the
disc deeply channelled, but the sulcus not reaching the
margins ; the hinder angles are acute and produced back-
wards.
Guatemala, Zapote; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Lucidota silphoides, n. sp.
Aterrima, antennis brevibus, sub-pectinatis, thorace
transverso, albo, disco nigro fortiter longitudinaliter im-
presso, margine valde reflexo, abdominis segmentis duobus
penultimis albis, fusco externe notatis.
Long. lin. 43. ¢.
Of the form of L. bella, but larger, and with the thorax
more transverse, the hinder angles a little produced back-
wards. Elytra rather widened toward the apex, deep
sooty-black with nervures distinct. Scutellum black.
revision of the Lampyride. 19
Rio Sarstoon, British Honduras. Coll. Godman and
Salvin.
Lucidota apicalis, n. sp.
Atra, thorace (elytris duplo angustiore), abdominis
segmentis duobus ultimis, pygidio et antennarum articulis
tribus vel quatuor apicalibus albis, antennis corpore fere
longioribus compressis serratis.
Long. lin. 5. 6, &.
The three pure white apical joints of the antennz give
this species a very striking appearance ; in one specimen
the 8th joint is also white, except at its base; the
thorax is semicircular, small, entirely whitish-yellow. The
pygidium is three-lobed at the apical margin, narrowed at
the base, and rounded on the sides; the sub-apical ventral
plate is lobed at the sides, emarginate, and embraces the
apical, conical, eighth plate. (Plate, fig. 10.) The three
specimens I have seen agree in this respect, and are, I
conclude, males.
Irazu, Costa Rica; alt. 6,000 to 7,000 ft. Coll. God-
man and Salvin.
Lucidota rubricollis, n. sp.
Atra, subnitida, thorace lucido flavo, disco aurantiaco,
breviter semicirculari, antennis pectinatis articulis basalibus
extus pallidis, pedibus anticis basi et interne pallide flavis.
Long. lin. 4.
This little species is more ovate than bella, and is
abundantly distinct. The antennz are pectinate, as long
in proportion (the species being smaller). The thorax is
more transverse, not so brightly coloured, and with the
discal furrow less pronounced. The scutellum black. The
abdomen is entirely black, and I do not observe any trace
of the luminous portion, nor can I, at present, distinguish
the sexes.
Nicaragua, Chontales ; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Lucidota fulgurans, n. sp.
Nigro-fumosa, thorace oblongo antice acuminato, flavo,
disco et prosterno nigris, elytris flavis, circum scutellum, et
ad apicem, late nigro-fumosis, antennis modice flabellatis.
Long. lin. 8.
Head, antenne and palpi black. Antenne two-thirds
of the body’s length, joints 3—10 flabellate, the lamellz
€ 2
20 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
being not so long as in flabellicornis, and equal to each
other, excepting that on the 10th joint, which is shorter.
Thorax, with the expanded lateral margins, yellow ; the
dise is pitchy-black from the base to near the apex, but
leaving the anterior margin yellow; hind angles acute.
Scutellum black. Elytra black round the scutellum, as
far as the humerus, and the apical portion (rather less than
half) yellow in the central half, and lateral margin at the
base, dull. Abdomen, with the dorsal segments, acute
at the side, the sixth sublobate, the pygidial having the
apex truncate, emarginate sinuosely, the sixth ventral with
a luminous spot on each side, the seventh small, lobiform,
compressed at the apex.
Brazil, Brus. M.; a single specimen.
Lucidota apicicornis, n. sp.
Fusco-nigra, thoracis limbo, elytrorum margine laterali,
pedibus basi, et antennarum articulis tribus apicalibus
albis, thoracis disco nitido miniato in medio, et ad basin
infuscato.
Long. lin. 5.
The antenne are about the length of the body, the
intermediate joints triangular, longer than wide, com-
pressed, serrate; the 9th white, but infuscate at its base,
the 10th and 11th entirely white. The thorax equal in
length and width at the base, white, with the disc and
prosternal parts of a beautiful carmine, more or less infus-
cate in the centre. Abdomen white or yellowish at the
apex.
Nicaragua, Chontales; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Lucidota Osculatti, Guérin, Wiener Verzeichiss v. 1855,
p- 580. Columbia, Brus. M.; Nicaragua, Chontales ;
coll. Godman and Salvin.
Obs.—The Nicaragua specimens differ from the type
in being smaller, in having the antenne less acutely
serrate and the upper surface duller: but as the type is
at present unique, it will be better not to separate them at
present.
A second specimen in Guérin’s Coll., Brus. M., is, I
think, to be doubtfully referred to this species; it is from
Caraccas.
Lucidota limbata, n. sp.
Sordide nigro-picea, thorace elongato pileato, rufo-flavo,
revision of the Lampyride. 21
sub-miniato; scutello, elytrorum limbo toto, pedibus basi,
et abdominis segmentis duobus penultimis flavis.
Long. lin. 5.
The principal points in which this differs from Oscu-
latti are that the thorax is longer and without a dark
discoidal patch, and that the fifth ventral segment is pale ;
in other respects it is more nearly allied to the Nicaragua
specimens doubtfully referred to Oseulatii.
Nicaragua, Chontales; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Lucidota tricolor, n. sp. (Chevr. in litt.)
Nigro-subfusca, thorace disco utrinque miniato-macu-
lato, elytris margine explanato medio albo, abdominis
segmento quinto puncto albo lucido.
Long. lin. 4.
Oblong, not much widened, thorax rather longer than
wide, front semicircular. Head black, antenne with
rather long but narrow lamellx. LElytra with the ex-
panded portion of the margin white, yet leaving the
extreme limb fuscous. This and the following differ from
any other Zucidote in having a luminous round point on
the centre of the fifth ventral plate.
Brazil (Chevrolat), whom I thank for the specimen
described.
Lucidota quadriguttata, n. sp.
Nigro-fusca, thoracis margine, et elytrorum margine
explanato in medio, guttisque duabus prope suturam, post
medium sitis albis; pedibus basi, abdominis apice, et
puncto in segmento quinto flavidis.
Long. lin. 5.
Antenne exceeding half the length of the body, com-
pressed, and with lamellz to the third and succeeding
joints, which, however, are closely adpressed and not
easily observed in the specimens I have. The thorax has
the dise pitchy and shining, and channelled in the basal
half. The elytra are dull fuscous black, on which the
white markings are conspicuous; these are a lateral vitta
on the expanded margin (the extreme limb being dark)
and nearer to the base than the apex, and a less distinct
oval spot on each elytron near the suture and opposite the
end of each white sub-margin. The abdominal spot is
eburnised yellowish-white.
Bahia; coll. Gorh. Brazil; Brus. M.
22 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s materials for a
Puotinus, Castelnau, Ann. Fr. p. 141.
Type, P. coruscus, Linn.
This genus is the one of which the study is attended
with most difficulty among the Lampyride. The cha-
racters laid down by Castelnau are too general, and
include the genera Cratomorphus, Lucernula, Aspido-
soma and Photuris. No account is taken of the sexual
characters to be found in the terminal plates of the
abdomen. Motschulsky’s numerous subdivisions are un-
tenable, being based chiefly on the number of light-giving
seoments, or rather on those apparently so, for it is not
known that this effect is confined to the white or yellow
portions of the abdomen. Lacordaire has left little to be
desired in his exhaustive resumé of characters, and he
has described the sexual distinctions [Genera des Col.
iv. p. 306], but he appears to have considered them not
to have generic value. I have, however, found them to
be very constant and useful in this respect. The three
last segments beneath and the pygidial above are fre-
quently emarginate, sinuate or triangularly notched. The
males are in general much commoner in collections than
the females. They have eight ventral plates, the seventh
generally very short. The females have the seventh or
apical ventral plate nearly as wide at its base as the pre-
ceding one, and triangularly narrowed to the apex, which
is always cut out ina notch in this genus. In one species,
at least, longipennis, Mots., the abdomen is much enlarged
and the elytra are shortened in the female. M. Lacordaire
cites longipennis, Mots.,as the type, but it is convenient
to take that species, for Castelnau did not give it under any
name, and it was not described till 1853. I have taken
coruscus, L., as being the earliest species described.
I have found it convenient to retain Pyrectomena, Lec.,
as a distinct genus. The species forming this group have
a very peculiar and uniform facies, the abdominal plates
are also sufficiently different from true Photinus. (See
Plate, fig. 14.)*
I now briefly recite those species which, up to the
present time, I have been able to identify; my knowledge
of the described species is not sufficient to justify me in
describing many of the South American species. I have,
however, given the characters of the very interesting
collection lately arrived from Guatemala.
* The Plate to illustrate the abdominal segments will appear in the
next Part.
revision of the Lampyride. 23
I.—LINNZZAN SPECIES.
Photinus coruscus, L. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 644.
Am. Bor.; all collections.
Photinus pyralis, Li. loc. cit., nec Fab. Ent. Syst. 2, 99, 6.
Am. Bor.; all collections.
The French collections generally refer marginellus,
Lec., to pyralis, Lin.; and with this the type in the
Banksian Coll. agrees. ZL. pyralis, Oliv. Ent. ii. 28, is
named Olivier? by Castelnau, Ann. Fr. 1832, p. 141.
The pyralis of my collection is 5—7 lines in length,
the elytra entirely margined with yellow, and the thorax
with a quadrate, dark central spot.
[ Photinus marginatus, L. and phosphoreus, L. I have
not seen types. |
II.—FABRICIAN SPECIES.
Photinus obscurus, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 200.
Chili; Mus. Brit. and Brus., Coli. Chev., &c.
Photinus vittatus, Fab. Ent. Syst. 1.2, p. 102; Olivier i.
7s User ps ats
San Domingo; coll. Chey.
Photinus cinctus, Fab. Ent. Syst. 2, 99, 7.
Pulicandor ; Mus. Banks., B. M., Coll. Chev., &c.
About 4 lines, thorax red; elytra fuscous, with pale
suture and margins.
[ The following are also referred to Fab., but I have not
found a type of them in the collections I have examined:
analis, F. Syst. El. 1.100; guttula, F.1.c. 101; pallens,
F. Syst. Ent. Sup. 124; planicornis, F. Syst. El. 104;
pectinata, F. Syst. Ent. App. 824. |
IT.—OLIVIER.
Photinus rufus, Ol. Ent. i. 28, p. 28.
Antilles ; coll. Chey.
The remaining Olivierian species will be identified by
M. E. Olivier, who is working at this group.
24 Rev. H. 8S. Gorham’s materials for a
IV.—CASTELNAU.
Photinus modestus, Cast. Essai Ann. Fr. i. p. 138.
[ Lucidota. |
Brazil; coll. Gorh., e Murray.
Very much of the size and form of Alecton discoidalis.
Doubtfully of this genus, but not a Lucidota.
V.—OTHER AUTHORS.
Photinus longipennis, Mots. Etud. Ent. u. p. 37.
Columbia. ¢. All collections. @. Mus. Brus., and
Gorh. (Plate, fig. 13.)
The ? has short elytra and the abdomen enlarged.
Photinus lunifer, Esch. Ent. i. p. 22.
Brazil; coll. Chey., Gorham, Mus. Brus.
Photinus cinctus, Mots. Etud. Ent. 11. p. 37, nee Fab.
Columbia; Mus. Brus. [Guér. Men. ]
Length 8 lines. Near longipennis. Gemminger has
renamed it circumcinctus. Col. Heft. vi. 1870.
Photinus coronatus, Chev. in litt.
Broad, rather pale fuscous; elytra darker at the base,
the suture narrowly, the sides widely margined white ;
thorax with the dise convex, dark fuscous, the front and
lateral margin broadly white.
Long. 6—-7 lin.
Columbia ; coll. Chev., Mus. Brus.
Photinus congruus, Chev. Col. Mes. Cent. i.
Mexico ; coll. Chev., Mus. Brus.
Photinus cinctellus, Chev. in litt.
Oblongo-ovalis, fuscus, thorace nitido, disco nigro,
utrinque miniato, margine pallido, elytris tenuiter flavo-
cinctis, abdomine segmentis tribus ultimis albis.
Long. lin. 5—6. 6, @.
$. Segmento ventrali sexto leviter exciso, sexto per-
brevi apicali minuto ovali. ¢. Segmento sexto leviter
sinuato, septimo triangulari, apice exciso.
revision of the Lampyride. 25
Mexico; coll. Chev., Gorham; Guatemala [ Zapote | ;
Nicaragua | Chontales|; Ivazu; coll. Godman and Salvin.
This is not cznctella, Mots.
Photinus suturalis, Guér. MS. nee Schonh.
The species thus labelled both in my own collection
[ Norris] and in Mus. Brus. [Guér. | is Alychnus xanthor-
rhaphus, Kirsch. Berl. Zeit. 1865, p. 72. It is 8 lines in
length, black, with the suture yellow.
The female with a larger thorax, and elytra shorter
than abdomen; underside and legs entirely black.
Columbia.
Photinus vittiger, Gyll. Schonh. Syn. Ins, i. App.
p20.
Martinique; Mus. Brus.; Guadaloupe; coll. Chey.
Hab. ?—Coll. Gorh.
Photinus littoralis, Coquerel, Mots. Etud. Ent. 1853, 35.
Martinique; Mus. Brus. | Guévin Men. |
Not distinct, I think, from vittiger.
Photinus blandus, Mots. Etud. Ent. 1854, 25.
Cuba; Mus. Brus. [Guérin Men.]; coll. Chev.
Photinus discoideus, Sch.? Chey. in litt.
Guadaloupe ; coll. Chev.
Like blandus, elytra wider and pale at the base.
Photinus gamma, Jacq. Duv. Hist. Cube vii. p. 85.
Cuba; Mus. Brus. [Guérin Men. |]
Photinus limbipennis, Jacq. Duv. 1. c. p. 86. Cast. ?
Cuba; coll. Chev.
Parallel, narrow pale fuscous elytra with the margins
and suture pale, thorax pale at the base, eyes very large,
pygidium and ventral two last segments white.
Long. lin. 3.
Photinus fuscus, Germ. Ins., n. sp., p. 63.
Buenos Ayres; coll. Chev.; Maldonado, Mus. Brus. ;
Bahia; coll. Gorh. The latter locality perhaps in error.
26 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s materials for a
Photinus autumnalis, Melsh. Proc. Ac. Phil. ii. p. 303.
The smaller, narrower, and blacker form of coruscus,
L., from which it is not, I believe, specifically distinct.
Pennsylvania, U. 8. Most collections.
[I have not seen a type of californica, Mots., but
judging from the description, it is a large form of
corusca, L. Crotch gives it as a sub-species of facula,
Lec. Pyropyga californica, Mots. |. c. p. 5, 1s quite a
different species, 2} lines long, thorax with two red marks,
and will want a new name. |
Photinus nigricans, Say, Journ. Ac. Phil. i. 179.
Massachusetts, U. 8.
Photinus decipiens, Harris, Trans, Hartf. 1836, p. 74.
Texas, U. S.
Very near niyricans, Say.
Photinus minutus, Lec. Syn. p. 333.
United States (New Orleans).
Photinus ardens, Lec. 1. ¢. p. 334.
Michigan, U.S.
Photinus lineellus, Lec. 1. ¢. p. 335.
Texas, U.S.
Photinus marginelius, Lec. 1. c. p. 335.
Missouri, U.S. Very near lineellus. New York, Mus.
Brus.
VI.—NEW SPECIES.
Photinus Guatemala, n. sp.
Niger, sat nitidus, thorace disco nigro nitido, lateribus
rubricatis, limbo omni tenuiter nigro, scutellum lve,
abdominis segmento sexto flavo, genitali nigro. ¢, ¢.
Long. lin. 53 —6$.
Elongate, rather shining, black, thorax (at least in the
male) a little longer than wide, posterior angles right, disc
smooth and shining, with two impressions at the base, and
very obsoletely canaliculate, the black portion transversely
widened near the base, the entire limb very narrowly
black, the portion between this and the disc, as well as the
revision of the Lampyride. 27
pleurx beneath, being yellowish-red. Antenne half the
body’s length, compressed. Elytra sub-coriaceous, nervures
hardly visible, margin not expanded below the middle.
Abdomen in the male with the sixth segment emarginate,
and the seventh acutely cut out, the genital dark ; in the
female the sixth is triangularly cut out and a little com-
pressed in the middle, and the seventh is fuscous with the
sides yellowish.
Guatemala, Calderas; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Photinus lunicollis, n. sp.
Oblongo-ovalis, griseo-niger, opacus, thorace sub-nitido,
utrinque vitta obliqué luted in medio miniaté, margine
laterali nigro-fusco, punctorum linea submarginali, disco
canaliculato.
Long. lin. 4—43. ¢, 9.
Depressed, thorax short, semicircular, posterior angles
acute, the oblique vitta is of a beautiful carmine colour in
the middle, and this colour also extends beneath to the
pleural portion (probably, however, the colour fades as the
specimens dry in the collection). Scutellum punctured.
Elytra greyish-black, obsoletely punctured, the lateral
margins more expanded than in the preceding species.
Antenne only of moderate length. Abdomen black, with
only two faintly paler spots on the seventh plate in both
sexes.
Guatemala, Capetillo; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Obs.—This species and P. Guatemale have a good
deal of resemblance to P. coruscus, L.
Photinus ruficollis, n. sp.
Fumeo-niger, opacus, thorace sub-nitido luteo disco
rubricato, canaliculato, abdomine, coxis et femoribus
pallide flavis.
Long. lin. 4—5. 6,92.
Head black, mouth and palpi pale, tinged with fuscous,
antenne half the body’s length; thorax rather short, hind
angles acute, wider at the base in the female, margin
punctured; scutellum red. Elytra greyish, or smoky-
black, nervures rather distinct. Abdomen nearly entirely
pale yellow in the male, more clouded with fuscous in the
female. Sexual characters as usual in this genus, 7. e.,
the sixth and seventh segments of the ventral side are
28 Rev. H. S$. Gorham’s materials for a
emarginate, and the eighth is small and notched in the
male, while in the female the seventh is triangular and
notched, the fifth and sixth being simple.
Guatemala, Zapote ; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Obs.—The colours and patterns of the Lampyride are
repeated so frequently throughout the genera that I shall
in general only notice these resemblances briefly. The
present species closely assimilates itself to Lucidota bella
(ante, p. 18), as well as to two species of Photuris, described
hereafter from the same country.
Photinus fumigatus, n. sp.
Fumeo-niger, sub-opacus, thorace luteo, disco nitido
nigro, utrinque miniato, elytris margine laterali, obscure
brunneis, abdomine toto nigro. ¢, ¢.
Long. lin. 3—34.
The present begins a series of small species of the
group to which nigricans, Say, and minutus, Lec., belong,
and which are extremely difficult to separate; the colour of
the thorax and elytra, and of the abdomen, are the best
characters at present known to me. This little species has
the thorax with the dise rather convex and smooth, not
channelled, the sides are rather brightly red, and the
margins luteous, including the front. ‘The abdomen is
wholly blacix.
Zapote; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Photinus affinis, n. sp.
Niger, opacus, thorace breviori, disco nigro lateribus
albis, canaliculato. Abdomine segmentis sexto et septimo
(basi fuscis) albis.
Long. lin. 33.- $, %.
Rather larger in bulk than fumigatus, of a deeper
black colour, the black portion of the disc of the thorax
triangular, with its apex near the front margin, and the
sides only of the thorax whitish, in some specimens a
carmine spot not very brightly developed on each side
of the discoidal patch. Abdomen whitish at the apex.
Sexual characters as usual, but in the male the sixth
segment scarcely emarginate, only sinuate.
Guatemala, Calderas and Capetillo; coll. Godman
and Salvin.
revision of the Lampyride. 29
Photinus plumbeus, n. sp.
Plumbeo-niger, thorace canaliculato lateribus albis,
elytrorum margine extimo, sutura tenuiter abdominisque
segmentis quinto, sexto, septimo, et maris genitali albis.
‘Long. lin. 22?—3. 4, 2.
Rather smaller and more feebly built than either affinis
or fumigatus. The thorax, also, is narrower, and the
margins of the elytra and the suture very narrowly pale ;
the oeneral colour is more leaden or griseous, but it may
at once be distinguished from either ‘by the almost white
abdomen, which is fuscous only in the three basal plates.
Zapote ; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Photinus perlucens, n. sp.
Niger, obscure subviolaceus, magis elongatus, thoracis
disco fortius canaliculato, nigro, lateribus late flavis;
elytris paulo micantibus postice angustatis ; abdominis
segmentis quarto ad apicem, quinto, sexto, et septimo
perbrevi, leete flavis, octavo maris vel genitali, fusco.
Long. lin. 5. ¢.
Though there are but two male specimens of this in the
Guatemala collection at present, it is very distinct by its
elongate oval form, rather short antennee, black body and
legs, and clear yellow apical portion of the abdomen.
“Calderas: coll. Godman and Salvin.
Photinus pulchellus, n. sp.
Plumbeo-niger, thorace nitido, medio canaliculato disco
nigro, utrinque roseo, lateribus et apice albis, elytris sub-
parallelis, mareine et sutura in medio, pedibus basi, et abdo-
mine albis. ¢, ¢.
Long. lin. 33.
This species is allied to plumbeus by its nearly wholly
white abdomen, but the form is more parallel, the thorax
is larger and very beautifully marked with a rosy tint on
each side of the disc, and ‘the margin of the elytra is
widely, and the suture narrowly, white in their middle.
The abdomen, as usual in those species which have very
much of their ventral portion white, is more infuscate at
its base and apex in the female than in the male.
It is more closely allied to the following, which is, per-
haps, only a variety.
Zapote; coll. Godman and Salvin.
30 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Photinus concinnus, n. sp.
Scarcely differs from pulchellus, but is rather smaller.
The thorax shows less traces of the rosy colour, and the
suture is of the same leaden colour as the rest of the
elytra; their lateral margins are pale, but not beyond
three-quarters of their length.
Zapote; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Photinus sanguinicollis, n. sp.
Nigro-griseus, thorace sanguineo, limbo toto anguste,
et disco vitta tenui nigris, abdominis segmentis tribus
ultimis pallide flavis. 2.
Long. lin. 54.
Greyish-black, thorax of a beautiful blood-red, narrowly
and evenly margined with black, disc shining, with a
narrow black vitta scarcely touching the front or hind
margin, sides with distinct, scattered punctures and a
submarginal row, which become confused towards the
apex and hinder angles.
Trazu, Costa Rica, alt. 6,000 to 7,000 ft. ; coll. Godman
and Salvin.
Photinus aurora, n. sp.
Nigro-griseus, vel plumbeus, thorace lete flavo, disco
basi nigro-piceo, utrinque miniato.
Long. lin. 53.
This very beautiful species is allied to the last, but the
thorax is rather longer, a little contracted at the hind
angles, which are acute, and is of a most beautiful gam-
boge-yellow; the disc is a little uneven and irregularly
canaliculate in the centre, and is dark pitchy-black from
the base to about the middle, this dark portion being
widened at the base and nearly surrounded with bright
vermilion-red. The elytra are fuscous or leaden-black,
with but faint traces of raised nervures. The abdomen
is entirely black.
Trazu mountains and Rio Susio, Costa Rica; coll.
Godman and Salvin.
Photinus amabilis, n. sp.
Nigro-griseus, thorace albido, disco miniato vitta
mediana ad basin latiori nigro-piceo, elytris albo-subviridi
concinne marginatis. &.
Long. lin. 5.
revision of the Lampyride. 31
Femina abdominis segmento quinto macula parva flava.
Head, antennez, legs, breast and abdomen, with the
exception of a yellow spot on the fifth segment, fuscous-
black. Thorax nearly semicircular, sides straight at the
hind angles, which are acute, the base being, as usual,
reflexed before meeting the sides; disc not channelled,
with a broad black patch on the base, narrowing suddenly
above the middle and not reaching the front; carmine
where the black patch narrows, and the lateral margins
widely white. Elytra evenly margined from the base to
the apex with white, which has a greenish tinge in the
single specimen I have seen.
Rio Susio, Costa Rica; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Photinus perelegans, n. sp.
Elongatus, fuscus, thorace longiori, angulis posticis fere
rectis, albido, disco late nigro, medio canaliculato utrinque
miniato, elytrorum, margine laterali et sutura conjunctim
tenuiter albidis. ¢, @.
Long. lin. 7.
Mas.—Oculis majoribus, abdominis segmentis quinto
et sexto lete flavis, utrinque puncto impressis, septimo
perbrevi, apicali parvo ovali.
Fem.—Abdominis segmento quinto ventrali albo flaves-
cente, basi fusco notato; sexto fuscescente, leviter exciso ;
septimo triangulari, apice exciso.
Head black, antenne, palpi, legs and body beneath
entirely pitchy-fuscous, the extreme base of the thighs
alone touched with pale yellow. The thorax elongate,
hat-shaped, the front margin a little more prominent and
reflexed in the @, disc rather convex, broadly pitchy-
black; this colour, in the male at any rate, not reaching
the front, but produced transversely at the base, and
showing on each side the rosy colour of the pleural fold
beneath.
The elytra are leaden-black, very finely punctured, the
suture and entire lateral margin narrowly whitish-yellow,
the sutural and discoid nervure a little distinct. Beneath
the body is dark, pitchy-black ; and in the male the first
four segments of the abdomen of the same colour, but the
apical margin of the fourth very narrowly testaceous.
The fifth and sixth segments are nearly twice the width of
those preceding, clear testaceous yellow-whitish towards
=? ‘A
their margins on the ventral side, but fuscous on the dorsal
32 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
side, with only their margins yellow. The seventh is so
short as only just to be visible ; the eighth, or apical, lobe-
shaped, these two being clouded. The pygidial segment
is diaphanous, a little clouded i in its centre. In the female
the fifth ventral plate alone is white. This species is both
in general appearance and by its sexual characters
obviously allied to longipennis, Mots., from which it may
be distinguished by its much smaller size and other cha-
racters given above. The elytra of the female are not
reduced in size as in the female of that species.
Guatemala, Calderas; and River Sarstoon, British
Honduras. Coll. Godman and Salvin.
PyYRECTOMENA (Dej.), Mots., Leconte.
Type, P. vitticollis, Mots.
The species composing this genus agree in several
characters in which they differ from the other Photinz.
They are depressed, and parallel in form. The thorax
has its sides sinuate near the apex, which is often pro-
duced, and the sides more or less reflexed; it is more or
less carinate; the antennz are short, not much longer
than the head and thorax. The male has the fifth and
sixth ventral plates yellow and translucent, with impres-
sions as in certain Photinz, but the seventh ventral plate
is in the form of a truncate triangle, the apex being
scarcely emarginate, and the apical or eighth plate is so
small as not always to be seen. The pygidial plate is
triangularly and deeply cut out in the male, truncate in
the female. Six species are referable to this genus, of
those already described; dorsalis, Mots., I have not yet
been able to identify, and it may belong to another
eenus.
Pyrectomena angulata, Say, Journ. Ac. Phil. v. 162.
America, Bor.; Texas, coll. Gorh.; Mus. Brus. $, 2.
Pyrectomena borealis, Randall, Bost. Journ. i. 16.
Michigan ; coll. Gorh. @.
Pyrectomena angustata, Lec. Syn. 336.
Texas; coll. Gorh. ¢.
revision of the Lampyride. 33
| Pyrectomena lucifer], Melsh. Proc. Ac. Phil. ii. 304.
As linearis, Lec. Syn. 336.
Pennsylvania, Georgia. Not seen by me.
Pyrectomena vitticollis, Mots. Etud. Ent. ii. 38.
St. Domingo ; coll. Gorh. (Norris); Chevr. &.
| Pyrectomena dorsalis |, Mots. Etud. Ent. ii. 38.
Mexico. Probably not of this genus.
Pyrectomena striatella, n. sp.
Oblonga, subfusea, thorace pallide flavo, vitta dis-
coidali prope basin transverse dilatata, maculisque dua-
bus lateralibus nigris, disco tenuiter carinato, elytris,
margine sat late, sutura, lineisque duabus elevatis pallide
flavis.
Long. lin. 5—6. ¢, 2.
Mas.— Abdominis segmentis quinto et sexto lete flavis,
septima fusco albo-marginatis.
Fem.— Abdominis segmentis basi fuscis. (Plate, fig. 14.)
Smaller than angulata, Say. The lateral dark patches
and the discoidal mark do not touch the margin or base,
the disc on each side and the pleural fold are orange-red.
The sutural, discoidal and outer nervure are raised, the
two inner obscurely testaceous.
Guatemala, Zapote and Duenas; coll. Godman and
Salvin.
Cratomorphus, Mots. Etud. Ent. 1. p. 35.
Type, Crat. giganteus, Drury, Ill. Ins. 11.75. (Pl. L.
fig. 2.)
Mots. describes the pygidium of the ? as “ triangular,
truncate and feebly sinuate.” Lacordaire says it is
“strongly trilobed in both sexes.” Neither description
is exact. This segment varies in the different species,
and in giganteus (= splendida, Lac., Fabricii, Cast.)
that of the @ has three large angular lobes, the middle
being the most prominent, while in the ¢ it is trans-
versely square, the hind margin simply sinuate. (Plate,
fig. 15.) .
TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1880.—PART I. (MARCH.) D
34 Rey. H. S. Gorham’s materials for a
Cratomorphus giganteus, Drury.
Brazil. All collections. ¢, ¢.
Obs.— A variety occurs in which the expanded margin
is entirely pale.
Cratomorphus fuscipennis, Mots. Etud. Ent. 1. p. 33.
C. latus, Kirsch. (Berl. Zeit. 1865, 72) appears to
agree with this, as well as albo-marginatus, Guérin.
Mus. Brus., Cast. ? The lateral lobes of the pygidium
are much smaller in the ? than in giganteus.
Buenos Ayres? Mus. Brus.
Brazil? Columbia. Chontales, Nicaragua; coll. God-
man and Salvin.
Cratomorphus vittatus, Kirsch. 1. ¢.
Ecuador? Mus. Brus. ¢. Pygid. feebly sinuate.
Cratomorphus diaphanus, Germ. ?
Brazil; Mus. Brus. 9°.
More elongate than giganteus. FElytra with the ex-
panded margin white, 2 pygidium feebly lobed at the
sides, apex prominent rounded. (Plate, fig. 16.)
Cratomorphus bifenestratus, n. Sp.
Oblongus, fusco-testaceus, thorace disco postice piceo,
medio tenuiter flavo carinato, antice maculis duabus
diaphanis scutello piceo elytris subcostatis.
Long. lin. 10, $.—13, 2.
Mas.—Pygidio trilobato, lobo apicali transversim quad-
rato, truncato, lateralibus sat magnis apice rotundatis.
Fem.—Pygidio medio fortiter producto, apice rotun-
dato, ventrali eo conveniente apice acute diviso; pectore
et abdominis segmentis quatuor piceo-fuscis marginibus
flavis.
The two specimens in the Brussels Museum of this
species seem to me very distinct from any species described,
and it will be best recognized by the diaphanous patches
on the front portion of the thorax, by the yellow fine
carina which extends from the base to the front margin,
dividing a basal, rhomboidal, pitchy patch into two
revision of the Lampyride. 35
portions; by the pitchy scutellum and callus; and by the
form of the pygidial segment. (Plate, fig. 17.)
The abdomen is entirely pale in the ¢, with the two
dorsal segments preceding the pygidial, but feebly lobed in
the 2, the dorsal segments are only acutely angled, not
produced backwards. The antennz in both sexes are
fuscous, with two basal joints pale; legs pale at the base;
apex of femora, tibiz, and tarsi fuscous.
Bahia; Mus. Brus.
Cratomorphus elongatus, n. sp.
Elongatus, nigro-piceus, thorace testaceo, areolis duabus
antice diaphanis, disco postice piceo, elytris flavo mar-
cinatis, Vix expansis.
Rone ino. os.
Mas.—Pyegidio apice subsinuatim truncato, segmentis
enum eae Oe aS
duobus precedentibus angulariter lobatis, his flavo mar-
. . . 5, . .
ginatis, segmentis ventralibus 5‘ et 6° in medio flavo-
lucidis, 7"° apice vix producto, apicali parvo.
Hab.?—Huanao; Mus. Brus.
Very distinct both by the elongate form and dark elytra.
The sixth ventral segment has a small notch.
Cratomorphus insignis, n. sp.
Elongatus, nigro-fuscus, thorace testaceo areolis duabus
antice diaphanis, disco postice fusco, macula basali
testaceo. Elytris sutura tenuissime, et vittis duabus
lateralibus submarginalibus flavis, femorum basi, ab-
dominisque segmentis quinto et sexto flavis.
one im. 10.” “é:.
Mas.—Pyeidio, utrinque lobato, lobis parvis sub-lanceo-
latis, apice rotundato ; segmento septimo ventrali fortiter
angulariter exciso, medio longe mucronato. (Plate, fig. 18.)
Allied to elongatus, less shining, the elytra smoky-
black, with nervures more visible, body beneath pitchy, or
fuscous, with the femora at their base, cox, sternal
sutures, fifth and sixth ventral, and margins of the two
penultimate dorsal plates testaceous.
Hab.?—Brazil? Mus. Brus.; a single male from the
collection of C. Van Volxem.
D2
36 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s materials, & ce.
Cratomorphus concolor, Perty Del. An. Art. p. 27.
Rio Janeiro, Callao; Mus. Brus.; coll. Gorh.; B. M.
Oe:
I am not sure that my reference of these specimens is
correct. The thorax has a dark patch on the disc at the
base, intersected by two rosy-yellow lines, and more or less
bordered with the same colour, Elytra with the nervures
costate; the general colour is pale testaceous; the antennze
(basal joint excepted), palpi, tarsi, are fuscous. The
pygidium in the male is rounded at the apex and lanceo-
late, lobed at the sides, the ventral apical segment trilobed,
central lobe broad, cleft.
Cratomorphus cossyphinus, Perty Del. An. Art. p. 28.
Bahia; Mus. Brus. ¢.
Also of doubtful identity. Pygidium simply sinuate,
ventral plate not lobed at apex. Abdomen with four
segments, breast, legs and antenne dark fuscous, cox
and middle of sterna paler.
Long. lin. 7
Cratomorphus dorsalis, Gyll, Schonh. Syn. Ins. i.
App. p. 24?
Antilles; Mus. Brus. ¢?
C. dorsalis (Mots. Etud. ii. p. 34), can hardly be the
same as this; it is from Brazil.
@. Pygidium sinuate at apex, ventral apical plate nearly
similar.
Cratomorphus parmatus, n. sp.
Oblongo-ovalis, sordide testaceus, thorace areolis duabus
antice diaphanis, disco postice piceo, lineolis duabus parvis
flavis, elytris brevibus subscutiformibus.
Jone sin. 7. 6.
Mas. .—Pygidio trilobato, lobis lateralibus medio longi-
tudine fere zqualibus, curvatis; segmento ventrali apicali,
utrinque fortiter sinuato.
This little species will easily be distinguished from any
other by its short shield-like form, in which it quite
resembles certain Aspidosome. ‘The eyes are particularly
large for its size; the abdomen with the dorsal segments
fairly lobed.
Cayenne; Mus. Brus.; a single male.
(ose)
II. On some Coleoptera from the Hawatian Islands.
By D. Sarr.
[Read February 4th, 1880.]
THIS paper is devoted to a description of the new species
of Staphylinide found by Mr. Blackburn in the Sand-
wich Islands; they are twenty-nine in number; all are
small—most of them minute—insects, but they comprise
nevertheless some very interesting forms. It is pretty
clear that the autochthonous (to use an expression of
Mr. Wollaston’s) fauna, in this family comprises two or
three groups of rather numerous species, and I anticipate
that of these groups other species will be brought to light,
if Mr. Blackburn be able, as we all hope he will be, to
continue his researches in this isolated insular group.
Falagria curraz,n. sp. Variegata, nitidula, subtiliter
punctulata; antennis sat elongatis rufo-obscuris, basi
apiceque testaceis ; capite thoraceque rufescentibus, sub-
tilissime punctulatis, hoc profunde canaliculato ; elytris
fuscis, humeris apiceque testaceis; abdomine nigricante,
segmentis basalibus testaceis; pedibus fusco-testaceis.
Long. corp. extens. 3 mm.
Antenne 14 mm. long, being rather longer than head
and thorax, the three or four basal joints yellow, the
following ones dusky-red, the apical one or two again
yellowish ; joints 8—10 each not quite so long as broad.
Head reddish, shining and almost impunctate, and desti-
tute of fovea or channel. Thorax of the same colour as
the head, shining and almost impunctate, scarcely so
broad as the head, very deeply channelled along the
middle. LElytra rather short, of an infuscate yellow
colour, with the base (especially at the shoulders) and the
hind margin paler yellow; they are shining, their punc-
tuation being very fine and indistinct ; they have an im-
pression or fovea on the suture immediately behind the
scutellum; the scutellum itself is reddish and destitute of
channel or carina. The hind body is black, with the
basal two segments yellowish, the dorsal plates very finely
and indistinctly punctured. The elongate and slender
TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1880.—PART I. (MARCH.)
38 Mr. D. Sharp on some
legs are yellow, the femora infuscate, with their base
yellow.
The species is closely allied to F. flavocincta, Kr.
(Ceylon), and F. fovea, Sharp (Japan); it is still closer,
however, to an undescribed species found by Mr. Lewis
in China, but I think is nevertheless a distinct species :
there is also a very closely-allied species in Brazil.
Occurs rarely near the town of Honolulu, and is pro-
bably an introduced species.
Tachyusa pumila, n. sp. Parva, depressa, fusco
testacea, abdomine nigro-fusca, antennis pedibusque tes-
taceis; subtilissime punctulata et pubescens, subnitida;
capite brevi, posterius recte truncato; prothorace margine
anteriore rotundato, lateribus versus basin angustatis; ab-
domine obsolete punctato, segmentis basalibus ad basin
transversim depressis. Long. vix. 2 mm.
This little species reminds one by its form of the
European Tachyusa sulcata, Kies. (Genus Xenusa,
Rey), but it is not half the size of it. The antenne are
entirely yellow, rather short, the three basal joints about
equal inter se in length, joimts 6—10 each about as long
as broad, 11th joint small. Palpi yellow; head trans-
verse, very finely punctured, obscurely depressed along
the middle, the hind margin nearly straight. Thorax
about as broad as the head, a good deal narrower than
the elytra, the front margin a good deal rounded, the
front angles completely rounded, the sides from the front
angles to the base a good deal narrowed, in front of the
base in the middle is a transverse impression ; the punc-
tuation, like that of the head, is excessively fine. HElytra
longer than the thorax, finely and closely punctured.
Hind body distinctly a little broader from the base to near
the extremity, the lateral margins coarse, it is very indis-
tinctly punctured, but the basal dorsal segments are rather
deeply depressed in front. The legs are yellow, the tarsi
quite short.
I have not been able to count the joints of the tarsi
of this little insect; allied maritime species are pretty
certainly widely distributed throughout the world.
Two specimens have been captured by Mr. Blackburn
on the muddy sand about high-water mark at Kahului
Bay, Island of Maui.
Drestota plana, nv. sp. Depressa, fusca, opaca, anten-
Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. 39
narum basi fusco-testaceo, pedibus testaceis; prothorace
transverso, basin versus angustato, medio depresso; elytris
cum thorace fere impunctatis; mesosterno ecarinato.
Long. 2 mm.
Antenne moderately long and stout, scarcely longer
than head and thorax, the two or three basal joints of a
dirty yellow colour, the rest darker , the 3rd joint is a good
deal shorter than the 2nd, 4th joint small, even smaller
than the 5th; 5—10 each slightly broader than its pre-
decessor, the 5th being scarcely, the 10th distinctly trans-
verse, 11th moderately long, twice as long as the 10th.
Head distinctly narrowed behind the eyes, its anterior
part in the middle slightly depressed, and there impunc-
tate, the rest of the upper side, very obsoletely but yet
rather coar sely and densely punctured. Thorax just a little
narrower than the elytra, transverse, its greatest width in
front of the middle, ‘thence a good deal narrowed towards
the base, the disc is somewhat flattened or depressed, the
surface is very dull, but has no distinct sculpture. The
elytra are rather short, but are quite distinctly longer than
the thorax, they are quite dull, very densely and obsoletely,
scarcely visibly, punctured. Hind body with the basal
segments very finely punctured, the apical ones almost
impunctate and shining. Legs yellow; tarsi quite short.
This species reminds one greatly of the well-known
European Aleochara plana, Gyll. (Gen. Epipeda, Rey),
but it is not half the size of the European insect.
Found very rarely on the mountains near Honolulu;
three specimens in the flowers of palm trees, and another
at the. sap exuding from a freshly-broken palm branch.
The two individuals before me show no sexual characters.
Diestota parva, n. sp. Depressa, nigro-fusca, opaca,
pedibus testaceis; prothorace fortiter transverso, basin
versus leviter angustato; elytris cum thorace fere impunc-
tatis ; mesosterno ecarinato. Long. 2 mm.
Antenne rather short and stout, about as long as head
and thorax, the lst and 2nd joints scarcely so dark in
colour as the others, joints 5—10 transverse. Head very
dull, very obscurely punctured. Thorax strongly trans-
verse, much shorter than the elytra.
This species is extremely closely allied to the preceding
one, but the head and antenne are shorter, the thorax
also is shorter and not impressed on the disc.
40 Mr. D. Sharp on some
Mr. Blackburn found a small colony of this species
among the remains of a decayed tree on the mountains
near Honolulu. The two specimens before me are not in
good condition, and show no sexual characters, except,
perhaps, that the head appears more distinctly punctured
in one than it is in the other.
Diestota latifrons, n. sp. Depressa, fusca, opaca, an-
tennarum basi pedibusque rufis; antennis articulis nullis
transversis ; capite thoraceque fere impunctatis, hoc elytris
angustiore basin versus angustato ; elytris subtiliter punc-
tatis. Long. fere 3 mm.
Antenne longer than head and thorax, a little thickened
towards the extremity, 3 3rd joint as long as the 2nd, 4—10
each about as long as broad. Head large, a wood deal
narrowed behind the prominent eyes, its surface very dull,
but without distinct punctuation. Thorax a good deal
narrower than the elytra, transverse, but not very strongly
so, its greatest width much in front of the middle, thence
distinctly narrowed to the base; its surface is very dull,
but only very indistinctly punctured. Elytra much longer
than the thorax, dull, finely punctured. Hind body
scarcely visibly punctured, rather dull, the apical segments
a little more shining. Legs red.
This species has the antennz more elongate than any
of the allies, and its middle cox are more approximate.
The only individual I have seen is, I think, a female.
The mesosternum, I believe, is without carina.
Found on Freycinetia, in the mountains of Kauai.
Diestota palpalis, n. sp. _Depressa, fusca, opaca, pedi-
bus testaceis, antennis articulis penultimis transversis ;
capite thoraceque fere impunctatis, hoc basin versus
leviter angustato; elytris subtiliter punctatis. Long.
fere 3 mm.
Antenne not longer than head and thorax, 3rd joint
not quite so long as “ond, joints 7—10 transverse. Head
rather large, without visible punctuation. Thorax nar-
rower than the elytra, transverse, but not strongly so.
Elytra a good deal longer than the thorax, finely punc-
tured. Hind body very sparingly and indistinctly punc-
tured, not nearly so dull as the other parts. Mesosternum
without carina; ; middle coxe only moderately distant.
The species is very closely allied to the preceding one,
Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. 41
but is easily distinguished by the shorter antenne; the
middle cox also are slightly less approximate, and the
space between them is slightly different in its structure.
I have seen but a single individual, which was found on
Mauna Loa, Hawaii, at an elevation ‘of about 4,000 feet.
Diestota puncticeps, n. sp. Depressa, nigro-fusca,
abdomine paulo dilutiore, opaca, pedibus antennarumque
basi testaceis; capite crebre fortiterque punctato; pro-
thorace ten transverso, basin versus angustato, crebre
fortiter subobsolete punctato; elytris crebre subtiliter
punctatis; abdomine segmentis basalibus crebre punctu-
latis. Long. 23? mm.
Antenne rather short and stout, distinctly thicker
towards the extremity, the two or three basal joints
yellowish, the others darker, 3rd joint slightly shorter
than 2nd, 7--10 rather strongly transverse. Head short
and broad, coarsely and closely punctured. Thorax dis-
tinctly narrower than the elytra, strongly transverse, the
ereatest width in front of the middle, thence much nar-
rowed to the base, its surface rather closely and coarsely
punctured, but the punctures very shallow; elytra much
longer than the thorax, rather closely and finely punctured.
Hind body more shining than the other parts, the basal
segments somewhat closely but indistinctly punctured, the
apical segments more sparingly punctured. Legs yellow.
The only individual I have seen does not exhibit any
sexual characters and is probably a female; the species is
more rufescent in tint than the preceding ones, the head
beneath, the sides of the prosternum, and the mesosternum
being of a reddish colour; the middle cox are rather
widely separated, and the mesosternum has very obscure
traces of a carina along the middle.
Found by beating in a mountain forest near Honolulu.
Diestota carinata, n. sp. Depressa, nigricans, antennis
basi fusco-testaceo, pedibus testaceis; opaca; capite dense,
fortiter, fere rugulose, punctato; prothorace transverso,
elytris angustiore, dense, rugulose punctato ; elytris rugu-
lose subtiliter, punctatis ; mesosterno subtiliter carinato.
Long. 23 mm.
Antenne short, not stout, distinctly thickened towards
the extremity, the basal joint infuscate-yellow, the others
nearly black, 3rd joint as long as, though more slender
42 Mr. D. Sharp on some
than 2nd, the penultimate joints distinctly transverse.
Head short and broad, densely, deeply and coarsely punc-
tured. Thorax distinctly transverse, narrower than the
elytra, a little narrowed towards the base, its surface
densely and coarsely punctured. LElytra considerably
longer than the thorax, densely and not altogether finely,
yet indistinctly, punctured. Hind body slightly but dis-
tinctly constricted at the base, its surface dull, obscurely
punctured, the lateral margins broad, the pubescence
somewhat distinct.
Of this species I have seen only a single female; the
punctuation of the upper surface easily distinguishes it
from its allies ; the middle coxe are rather widely separated,
and the mesosternum is finely carinated along the middle.
Found by beating in a mountain forest near Honolulu.
Diestota rufescens, n. sp. Subdepressa, opaca, rufes-
cens, elytris fuscis, basi rufescente, antennis versus apicem
infuscatis; capite thoraceque obsolete punctatis. Long.
3 mm.
Antennz moderately short, not very stout, distinctly
thickened towards the extremity, of a reddish colour,
infuscate towards the extremity; 3rd joint a little smaller
than 2nd, 4th, but little smaller than the following ones ;
these are not transverse, the 10th being, in fact, the only
one that is distinctly transverse. Head broad and short,
very dull, but without any distinct punctuation. Thorax
strongly transverse, a good deal narrower than the elytra ;
its greatest width in front of the middle, thence a good
deal narrowed to the base; the surface is very dull, its
punctuation extremely fine and indistinct. The elytra
are much longer than the thorax, their apical portion is of
a smoky or blackish colour, their basal portion reddish,
their punctuation is dense and fine, but not so fine as that
of the head and thorax. The hind body is rather large
and broad, scarcely at all narrowed at the base; it is less
dull than the anterior parts, the basal segments are some-
what closely, the apical ones are more sparingly, punc-
tured. ‘The legs are reddish-yellow.
I have seen but a single individual; it is a male, the
last dorsal plate termimates on each side in a sharp,
slender, slightly-curved tooth, and between these are
seven fine short crenulations. The middle coxe in this
species are rather widely separated, but the mesosternum
appears destitute of a carina. Although on account of the
Coleoptera from the Hawatian Islands. 43
form of the antennze, and its dull, impunctate head and
thorax, this species has some resemblance to D. latifrons,
it is really very distinct from it, the middle coxe being
widely separated.
Found on Freycinetia, in the mountains of Kauai.
Obs.—As it is doubtful whether these minute Hawaiian
Aleocharini are correctly associated with the European
Diestota Mayeti, I give below a brief enumeration of
such of their characters as I have been able to observe.
Labial palpi elongate and slender, 2-jointed, project-
ing beyond the labrum; middle cox not contiguous,
sometimes rather widely separated, the metasternum ad-
vancing far forwards between them, so that of the inter-
coxal space more than half the length is appropriated
by the metasternum. Tarsi short and rather stout, the
anterior and middle ones 4-jointed, the hinder ones
5-jointed; tibize rather stout, without spines. Antennze
but little elongate; head broad, without neck, but little
immersed in the thorax. Thorax narrower than elytra,
transverse, narrowed behind.
These insects seem allied to Epipeda, Rey, from which
they differ, by the elongate and slender labial palpi, and
the more widely separated middle coxee, as well as by the
form of the thorax. The form of the mesosternum, and
the separation of the middle cox are, in fact, inter-
mediate between the two “‘rameaux,” Diestotates and
Placusates of the French author; for, while the meso-
sternum descends but little between the coxz in all the
species (the character of the Diestotates), its apex 1s
truncate in some of the species (as in Diestotates), pointed
in others, as in Placusates. I have not been able to
procure the single European insect, Diestota Mayett,
for which Rey founded his rameau, but I believe these
insects will prove to be really allied to the European
insect, though it is not probable they will be really con-
generic therewith. Although these Hawaiian insects
differ inter se in the structure of the intercoxal parts,
it would be impossible for me to treat them at present
as forming more than one genus, without making three
or four genera for them, a course which would be inad-
visable, as I have not at present specimens enough for
examination and comparison of the details of their struc-
ture.
44 Mr. D. Sharp on some
Phleopora cingulata, n. sp. Depressa, angustula, pa-
rallela, parum nitida, omnium subtilissime punctulata et
pubescens, testacea, capite, pectore, elytris, abdominisque
cingula, fuscis; antennis incrassatis. Long. 13 mm.
Antenne short and stout, much thickened towards the
apex, yellow; 3rd joint quite small, 5—10 strongly trans-
verse. Head about as broad as thorax, with the sides
and vertex rectangular; it has a rather obscure longitu-
dinal impression along the middle, its punctuation is quite
indistinct, but the surface is dull, and its colour is in-
fuscate yellow. Thorax quadrate, parallel-sided, about
as broad as the elytra, yellow, dull, punctuation exces-
sively indistinct. Elytra considerably longer than the
thorax, of an obscured yellow colour, quite dull. Hind
body narrow and parallel, yellow, with an infuscate ring
before the apex. Legs yellow.
I have a single individual, which was found under bark
near Honolulu.
This and the P. diluta, though excessively closely
allied, will prove, I think, to be two distinct species.
Although very much smaller and more depressed than
our European Phleopore, they present the characteristic
form of their head and thorax; the Hawaiian species
depart, however, from the European ones, by their middle
cox being quite contiguous, and in this respect they
agree with the two Australian insects (P. leviuseula and
P. gratiosa) assigned by Fauvel to the genus Phleopora;
one of these Australian insects, P. gratiosa, is, in fact,
in size, form and colour, remarkably intermediate between
the European and Hawaiian insects.
Phleopora diluta, n. sp. Depressa, angustula, paral-
lela, parum nitida, omnium subtilissime punctulata et
pubescens, testacea, abdomine ante apicem infuscato ;
antennis brevibus, sat incrassatis. Long. 1} mm.
This species is very closely allied to P. cingulata, but
it is less variegate in colour, and the antennz are not
quite so stout.
The single individual sent by Mr. Blackburn was found
in decayed wood in the mountains of Kauai.
Oligota clavicornis, n. sp. Brevis, utrinque attenuata,
subtiliter crebre punctulata, subopaca, fuscescens, anten-
—- +
Coleoptera from the Hawatian Islands. 45
narum basi, pedibus, abdominisque apice testaceis ;
antennis brevibus, valde clavatis. Long. 1 mm.
Antenne very short, with a very thick club, yellow, the
club appearing darker; 2nd joint elongate and stout; 3rd,
4th and 5th scarcely differing from one another in aiid
the latter, however, just perceptibly the broader; 6th a
little bro Hen than ‘bth, slightly transverse ; 7th strongly
transverse, considerably broader than 6th; 8th and 9th
very broad, very strongly transverse ; 10th very large, as
thick as the preceding ones, and as long as the three pre-
ceding ones together.
This species, by its form, colour and punctuation, is
allied to the European apicata, from which it is distin-
guished by its short antennze, with very thick club.
A single individual has been sent by Mr. Blackburn,
with the information that he found two specimens in straw
in Honolulu ; the straw was imported from England, but
had been lying more than two years; much search has
failed to produce any more specimens. ‘The species is so
different from any of the indigenous allies of the Hawaiian
islands that I believe it to be imported; it is, however,
very distinct from any European species, and it is probable
that it found its way into the straw from some port touched
at on the long voyage between England and Honolulu.
The nearest allies I have in my collection to it come from
South America (Rio de Janeiro).
Oligota polita,n. sp. Brevis, picea, abdomine, nigri-
cante, antennis palpisque testaceis, pedibus testaceo-
obscuris; glabra, nitida. Long. 14 mm.
Antenne pale yellow, stout, scarcely shorter than head,
and much thickened towards the extremity ; the two basal
joints long; 3rd, 4th and Sth scarcely differing inter se,
each a good deal longer than broad; 6th and 7th each a
little stouter than the preceding one, each longer than
broad ; 8th and 9th also each a little stouter than the pre-
ceding one, and broader than long; 10th large, as long
as the two preceding ones together. Head much narrower
than the thorax. Thorax strongly transverse, a little
narrower than the elytra, which are distinctly longer than
the thorax. Hind body rather short, scarcely at all nar-
rowed at the base, about as broad as the thorax. Legs
obscure yellow, or reddish, rather long, but not slender,
the tarsi rather short and stout.
46 Mr. D. Sharp on some
This species is rather smaller and narrower than our
European O. inflata, from which it also departs, by its
more prominent eyes, the more Gyrophznoid shape of the
prothorax, and stouter legs, as well as by its colour and
sculpture.
Mr. Blackburn has found two individuals of this
species in flowers in the island of Oahu; although the
two localities in which they were found are widely sepa-
rated, in each case the elevation was about 3,000 feet.
Oligota glabra, n. sp. Parum elongata, nigra, nitida,
olabra, elytris parcissime punctulatis, antennis palpisque
testaceis, pedibus fuscis, abdomine ad basin angustato.
Long. 1} mm.
Antenne yellow, Ist and 2nd joints elongate, 3rd, 4th
and 5th slender, the 3rd rather longer than “either of the
other two, 6th just a little broader than the preceding one,
longer than broad, 7th to 9th each distinctly broader than
the “preceding one, the 7th about as long as broad, the 9th
rather transverse, 10th large, quite as long as the two pre-
ceding together.
This species appears to be closely allied to the preceding
one, it is a little larger, and the antennez are rather more
elongate. The hind body appears more developed, and
owing to the basal segments being narrower than the fol-
lowing ones, is but little retractile. It is a little larger
than the European O. inflata.
Found rarely by beating trees on Mauna Loa, and
Mauna Kea, Hawaii.
Oligota mutanda, n. sp. Sat elongata, nigra nitida,
elytris sat crebre punctatis (antennis?); abdomine parallelo
quam thorace conspicue angustiore. Long. 13 mm.
Head rather small, but with the eyes distinct and con-
vex; thorax very strongly transverse, about as broad as
the elytra, and closely applied to them, the surface very
finely punctured and pubescent. Ely tra longer than the
thorax, somewhat finely and not closely, quite distinctly
punctured. Hind body rather narrow, and nearly parallel,
but little broader than the head, and a good deal narrower
than the thorax and elytra, rather convex and shining,
but finely punctured and with a scanty pubescence, the
basal segments rather deeply impressed at the base. Legs
rather elongate and slender, nearly black.
Coleoptera from the Hawatian Islands. 47
The only individual I have seen of this species is de-
prived of its antenne; itis rather more elongate and more
convex than O. inflata, it is of different form, owing to its
narrow hind body, and its legs are rather longer and
stouter. From the preceding species it differs by its nar-
rower hind body, punctate surface, and by its more elongate
posterior tarsi.
Found by beating trees at an elevation of 4,000 feet on
Mauna Loa, Hawaii.
Liophena gracilipes, n. sp. Sat elongata, convexius-
cula, nigra nitida, glabra, elytris parcissime punctulatis,
antennis palpis, clypeo, pedibusque testaceis; abdomine
ad basin leviter angustato. Long. 2 mm.
Antenne yellow, pilose, slender, rather short, Ist and 2nd
joints rather elongate, 3—7 differing little from one another,
the three apical joints subclavate, being distinctly stouter
than the preceding ones, but yet not forming a club.
Head greatly narrower than the thorax, very shining and
impunctate, yellowish in front. Thorax strongly trans-
verse, narrower than the elytra, and at the base closely
applied to them; it is quite black, very smooth, shining
and impunctate. LElytra rather elongate, black and shining,
extremely sparingly punctured. Hind body rather broad,
a little narrowed at the base, very indistinctly punctulated,
the basal segments transversely impressed at the base.
Legs slender, tarsi slender and elongate, yellow, the ter-
minal joint blackish.
Beaten from a nearly dead tree at an elevation of
4,000 feet on Mauna Loa, Hawaii.
Liophena flaviceps, n. sp. Sat elongata, convexius-
cula, nigra nitida, glabra, capite, prothorace anterius,
antennis pedibusque flavis; abdomine ad basin leviter
angustato. Long. 2; mm.
This species is readily distinguished by the pale colour
of the head, which extends to the anterior portion of the
thorax; it is very closely allied to L. gracilipes, but it is
a little more elongate, and the hind tarsi are even more
slender and elongate than they are in that species.
Found by beating trees on Mauna Loa, Hawaii.
The two species just described have obliged me to pro-
pose a new generic name, Liophena, they being so distinet
from any Aleocharini yet known, that it is impossible to
48 Mr. D. Sharp on some
mass them in any genus yet established. I subjoin a brief
sketch of their Characters from which it is evident that
they should be placed near Oligota.
Labial palpi elongate, the terminal joint slender, elon-
gate and parallel. Maxillary palpi elongate, their terminal
joint about as long as the dilated penultimate one, but
remarkably slender and parallel; the penultimate one
rather slender, oval. Eyes very convex and prominent.
Antenne 10-jointed, subclavate, loosely articulated. Legs
slender and elongate, tarsi 4-jointed, the basal joint of the
posterior ones very elongate, quite as long as the three
others together. Middle coxee widely separated ; meso-
sternum not descending so far between them as _ their
extremity, separated from the metasternum by a fine,
nearly straight suture.
Myllena vicina, n. sp. Rufo-obscura, dense subtiliter
punctata, subopaca, abdominis apice rufo-testaceo, pedibus
testaceis, antennis gracilibus sat elongatis, articulo ultimo
dilutiore. Long. corp. extens. 3} mm.
Of an obscure, dark-red colour, with the extremity of
the hind body paler. The antennz are rather long, a
little longer than head and thorax, slender; even the 10th
joint distinctly longer than broad. The elytra are almost
as long as, and scarcely as broad as the thorax. The legs
are yellow. There is a slight but distinct and broad inci-
sion at the outer angle of the elytra.
This species is about the size of the European M.
tntermedia, and is extremely similar to it. It is, however,
redder in colour, and the parts of the mouth are more
porrect, so that the head appears more acuminate in front.
These characters approximate it to M. brevicornis, from
which it is distinguished by its longer and more slender
antenne and the more obscure colour of the anterior parts
of the body.
Found on the island of Maui.
Myllena fumiliaris, n. sp. Nigra, crebre subtiliter
punctata, subnitida, antennis, palpis pedibusque fuscis.
Long. corp. extens. 24 mm.
The antennz are rather short, not so long as head and
thorax, the 10th joint rather broader than long. ‘Thorax
about as broad as the elytra, not so long as broad. Elytra
just a little longer than the thorax, very slightly excised
Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. 49
at the outer angle of the hind margin. Hind body black,
closely punctured, its exserted sete short. Legs between
black and red in colour, moderately short and stout.
The species is excessively similar to the European
M. minuta; it is rather larger and blacker, and the
punctuation is not so dense and fine, and the surface,
therefore, not so dull. It is still closer to M. gracilis,
but it is blacker than it, and the punctuation is not so
dense and fine, and the antennz are slightly shorter and
finer.
Mr. Blackburn finds this by beating trees and flowers
in the forests about Honolulu.
Myllena curtipes, n. sp. Minuta, rufo-fusca, dense
subtiliter punctata, subopaca, antennis pedibusque sordide
rufis, illis articulo ultimo dilutiore. Long. corp. 2 mm.
Closely allied to M. familiaris, but smaller, and reddish
in colour, with the antennz and legs shorter. Also very
close to the European MZ. minuta, but more red in colour,
not so extremely densely and finely punctured, and with
the antennz and legs a little shorter. The elytra are not
longer than, or indeed are scarcely so long as, the thorax,
and they have scarcely any excision at their hind angle.
Found in a heap of refuse on Konahuanui, Oahu, at an
elevation of about 3,000 feet.
Myllena discedens,n. sp. Elongata, rufescens, abdo-
mine fuscescente, versus apicem cum segmentorum margi-
nibus posterioribus rufescentibus ; capite acuminato-ros-
trato, oculis debilibus; prothorace magno, convexo, elytris
~ latiore et longiore. Long. corp. extens. 4? mm.
Antennz slender and elongate, as long as head and
thorax, yellowish, but the middle joints of more obscure
colour. Head red, small in comparison to the thorax,
with the eyes very minute; the parts of the mouth very
porrect, and the maxillary palpi very elongate. Thorax
very large and convex, much broader and much longer
than the elytra, its hind angles rectangular. LElytra red.
Hind body elongate and slender, so that though distinctly
narrowed to the apex, it is more linear than in the other
species, densely punctured, but the apical segments less
closely, the punctuation is rougher than in the other
species, and the surface not so dull. Legs yellow; the
posterior tarsi elongate, as long as the tibiz, their basal
TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1880.—PART I. (MARCH.) -E
50 Mr. D. Sharp on some
joint elongate, fully as long as the two following together.
Apex of middle coxe scarcely separated from the hind
Coxe.
This species is a very distinct and peculiar one, and
may probably prove to be sufficiently distinct from the
others to form a new genus. ‘The only individual I have
seen is in bad condition; it is, according to Mr. Black-
burn, an extremely rare insect and is found under decaying
logs, near Honolulu, at an elevation of about 1,500 feet.
Pachycorynus discedens, n. sp. Depressus, capite tho-
raceque piceis, parce punctatis, medio levigatis, antennis
pedibusque testaceis, elytris testaceo-obscuris crebre punc-
tatis, abdomine nigricante, apice ferrugineo, marginibus
lateralibus fusco-testaceis. Long. 6—7 mm.
Antennx reddish-yellow, slender, none of-the joints
transverse, the basal joint as long as the three or four
following ones together. Head quadrate, piceous, with
the clypeus more red, coarsely but sparingly punctured,
the punctures nearly or altogether wanting along the
middle ; the oblique groove extending inward from the
front anterior margin of the eye is distinct, as well the
parallel grooves at the insertion of the antenne. Thorax
almost as broad as the elytra, distinctly narrowed behind,
with a series of punctures on each side of the middle,
extending from the base to the apex, and with irregularly-
placed lateral punctures. Elytra scarcely longer than the
thorax, of a sordid or infuscate yellow colour, regularly
and somewhat closely and distinctly punctured. Hind
body blackish, passing into red at the extremity, and
with the elevated lateral margins obscurely yellow. It is
sparingly punctured, the punctuation wanting along the
middle. ‘The legs are short, the tarsi quite short and
stout.
This species differs from the East Indian and Papuan
P. dimidiatus, by the presence of distinct oblique lateral
grooves on the head, and by its middle coxe being
approximate, though not contiguous. It must be con-
sidered a still more aberrant form of Xantholinide than
the insect alluded to, but I have not thought it advisable
to give it a distinct generic name at present.
Found by Mr. Blackburn under bark in a forest near
Honolulu.
Oxytelus advena, n. sp. Rufescens, capite, elytris
Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. 51
versus apicem, abdominis apice, antennisque extrorsum
fuscis; capite brevi, crebre punctato, clypeo nitido, fere
impunctato, mandibulis sat elongatis; thorace elytrisque
sat fortiter punctatis, illo medio parum distincte trisulcato.
Long. 23—3 mm.
Antenne moderately long, blackish, yellow at the base,
the penultimate five joints transverse. Head blackish,
shining, rather strongly punctured, the punctuation in
the male strigose, the clypeus is very distinctly marked
off, and is smooth and shining. Thorax strongly trans-
verse, reddish-yellow, shining, rather strongly punctured,
the three grooves along the middle approximate and
rather indistinct. Elytra a good deal longer than the
thorax, blackish towards the extremity, reddish at the
base, rather coarsely strigose-punctate, somewhat shining.
Hind body almost without sculpture.
This species is closely allied to O. rufus, Kr. (Ceylon),
but that species is entirely reddish-yellow, and has the
antenne rather shorter, and with a thicker club.
Occurs in the low grounds of Oahu, but Mr. Black-
burn does not recollect seeing it in the other islands. I
believe it to be an introduced species.
Trogophieus senilis, n. sp. Elongatus, angustulus,
fusco-niger, antennis rufis, pedibus testaceis, omnium
densissime subtilissimeque punctatus brevissimeque pube-
scens, opacus; prothorace angulis anterioribus, subpromi-
nulis, acutis, dorso obsolete bi-impresso, lateribus versus
basin fortiter angustatis. Long. 3 mm.
About as long as 7’. dilineatus, Steph., but narrower.
Antennz rather long and stout, of a reddish colour, a
little thickened towards the apex, but without club, none
of the joints transverse. Head rather small, narrower
than the thorax, palpi reddish. Thorax a little narrower
than the elytra, nearly as long as broad, the front angles
distinct and acute, from the front angles to about one-
third of the distance towards the base, the width consi-
derably increases, and then rapidly diminishes towards
the base, so that the sides in front of the middle have a
subangulate appearance; the disc is scarcely visibly bi-
impressed, and the surface is quite dull, on account of
an extremely dense, fine, invisible punctuation. LKlytra
rather short, but a little longer than the thorax, very
densely and finely punctured, but the punctuation not
E 2
52 Mr. D. Sharp on some
quite so invisible as that of the thorax. Hind body
rather elongate, a little dilated from the base to near the
apex. Legs clear yellow.
Common in Oahu. I believe it to be an introduced
species; I have, indeed, an extremely closely-allied species
in my collection from Brazil.
Trogophleus fontinalis, n. sp. Capite abdomineque
nigricantibus, thorace elytrisque sanguineo-obseuris, an-
tennis rufis, basi dilutiore, pedibus testaceis, angustulus,
sat elongatus, dense subtilissimeque punctatus, subopacus,
prothorace dorso obsolete bi-impresso, lateribus rotundatis,
basin versus angustatis. Long. 2} mm.
Similar in size and form to 7. elongatulus, Er. An-
tenne moderately long, distinctly thickened towards the
apex, but scarcely clavate, the three terminal joints are
however perceptibly broader than the preceding ones,
the 10th joint scarcely shorter than long. Head rather
narrower than the thorax, black. Thorax narrower than
the elytra, rather broader than long, truncate in front,
without distinct angles, the greatest width is much in
front of the middle, and thence it is a good deal narrowed
towards the base, the surface is dull and is excessively
finely and densely punctured, and excessively indistinctly
bi-impressed. Elytra a little longer than the thorax,
and of a red colour a little clearer than it, very densely
and finely punctured. Hind body rather elongate and
narrow, a little dilated from the base to near the apex,
densely and finely punctured, but a little shining. Legs
yellow.
Found on the margin of running water in the mountains
of Oahu.
Trogophleus abdominalis, n. sp. Similis T. exigut,
Er., sed major et magis elongatus; niger, opacus, densis-
sime subtilissimeque punctatus, subopacus; antennarum
basi, pedibusque sordide testaceis. Long. 2} mm.
Antenne moderately long and stout, with the three
apical joints a little thicker than the others, the 9th and
10th rather transverse. Head rather narrow but nearly
as broad as the thorax. Thorax a good deal narrower
than the elytra, as long as broad, the front angles very
indistinct and depressed, transversely convex, the greatest
width in front of the middle, thence a good deal narrowed
to the base, the surface with excessively dense and fine,
Coleoptera from the Hawatian Islands. Da
invisible punctuation and pubescence, and excessively
obsoletely impressed. Elytra rather longer than the
thorax, very densely and finely punctured and pubescent,
but not so extremely finely as the thorax. Hind body
rather elongate, slightly dilated from the base to near the
apex, densely and finely punctured. Legs dirty yellow.
Although the head and thorax of this species give it a
great resemblance to 7. exiguus, the elytra and hind body
are more after the pattern of 7’. elongatulus. The antenns
are considerably longer than in 7’, exiguus.
Found in the salt marshes of Oahu.
Glyptoma Blackburni,n. sp. Nigricans, opacus, antennis
pedibusque rufis, capite thoraceque longitudinaliter strigu-
losis, fere sine lineis elevatis, hoc vix transverso; elytris
thorace conspicue longioribus, lineis elevatis rectis fere
integris; abdomine per-opaco, segmentorum marginibus
posterioribus rufescentibus. Long. 33 mm.
Antenne much shorter than head and thorax; joints
8—10 strongly transverse; 7th scarcely transverse, but
slightly broader than the preceding one. Head distinctly
strigulose, but without any distinct elevated lines.
Thorax a little broader than long, a little narrower than
the elytra, the sides from the front to near the base nearly
straight, a little in front of the base they become some-
what narrowed, the hind angles rectangular; the surface
is longitudinally strigose, and slightly uneven. The elytra
are distinctly longer than the thorax, and have five or six
somewhat fine elevated lines extending for nearly their
whole length.
This species has been found by Mr. Blackburn in
several of the islands.
Glyptoma brevipenne, n. sp. Rufo-obscurus, opacus,
capite thoraceque longitudinaliter strigulosis, fere sine
lineis elevatis, hoe subtransverso; elytris thoracis fere
longitudine, lineis elevatis rectis fere integris; abdomine
per-opaco. Long. 33 mm. ”
This species is very closely allied to G. Blackburni in
all points except that it has the elytra very much shorter.
Found rarely in the mountains of Oahu.
Lispinodes explicandus, n. sp. Valde depressus, line-
aris, subglaber, parum nitidus, fusco-testaceus, prothorace
54 Mr. D. Sharp on Coleoptera of Hawaiian Islands.
rufescente, antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis ; femori-
bus crassis, tibiis anterioribus curvatis. Long. 23 mm.
Although the surface is nearly destitute of sculpture
and pubescence, it is but little shining; the antennz are
rather short, the basal jomt short and much concealed,
the five following ones short and slender, 7—10 not very
stout, but distinctly transverse, differing little from one
another. Head rather narrower than thorax, smooth,
dull, without sculpture. Thorax rather broader than
long, narrower than the elytra, the sides rounded and
narrowed behind, the hind angles very indistinct, the
surface very sparingly and indistinctly punctured, without
impressions. LElytra much longer than the thorax, very
sparingly punctate, with a very distinct sutural stria.
Hind body elongate, dull. Legs yellow, the femora
thick, but flattened.
Found rarely, under bark, on the higher mountains of
Oahu.
The structural characters of this new genus follow :—
Sculpture and form of Lispinus, but more depressed.
Head small, not margined in front, and without antennal
tubercles, slightly constricted behind the eyes so as to
form a thick neck. Thorax with the base slightly emar-
ginate. Hind body without lateral margins, shaped just
as in Lispinus, but the terminal segment ends in two
very obscure styles. Parts of the mouth, including the
mandibles, very small; the sutures of the undersurface
of the head are quite effaced. Prosternum in front of
cox large; anterior coxee not prominent, contiguous, not
separated by any process of the prosternum. Middle
coxe globose, very nearly contiguous. Femora very
thick; tibize slender, without spines or hairs. Tarsi very
small, three-jointed, the two basal joints very short.
Although this insect has at first sight quite the appear-
ance of the flatter and smaller species of Lispinus, it
is not really allied to them. Its affinities are undoubtedly
with Glyptoma, Er. ( Thoraxophorus, Motsch.), although
it differs totally therefrom by the absence of sculpture and
by the depressed form. Its nearest known ally is, no
doubt, the Austro-Malasian Thoracophorus ecrenicollis,
Fauv., but it is not at all probable that the two can be
placed in one genus. Fauvel has quite correctly stated
that a new genus will require to be founded for his
species,
—~
On
Or
Set
III. On synonyms of Heterocerous Lepidoptera. By
ARTHUR G. BUTLER.
[Read March 3rd, 1880. ]
In the hope that the following notes on synonyms may
prove useful to Lepidopterists | venture to publish them ;
and, much as I must deprecate the want of care which has
been the cause of their creation, I nevertheless am willing
to believe that the authors who have thus sinned will in
future take more pains than they have hitherto done to
prevent a repetition of the error.
Whilst correcting the specific names applied for a
second time to the same insect, I think it will be advisable
to help one writer whom I here criticise to an identifica-
tion of the genera to which his other species are refer-
able. As it is not conceivable that any Lepidopterist now
living can honestly desire to restore the nomenclature to
the simplicity of almost Linnean times, and as nevertheless _
species have been referred by Herr Snellen to the typical
genera of families (such as Luproctis, Limacodes, &c.),
when the insects described are manifestly not closely allied
to these genera, I can only suppose that this Entomologist
is waiting for the identifications in order to classify them
in their proper groups.
At present I regret that I have only time to note the
synonyms in one of Herr Snellen’s most recent memoirs,
I refer to that on the Lepidoptera of Celebes (Part II.),
in the Tijdschrift voor Entomelogie for 1879, pp. 61—
126.
Nyctemera latistriga, Snellen (Pl. VI. fig. 5), is pro-
bably WV. lacticinia of Cramer, and certainly not NV. latis-
triga of Walker.
Nyctemera abraxata, Snellen (fig. 6), is Pitasila guttu-
losa of Walker.
Chalcosia appendiculata is a Heteropan, scarcely differ-
ing from H, scintillans of Walker.
Aganais vitessoides is a Hypsa close to H. silvandra of
Cramer.
Digama piepersiana is probably the female of D. mar-
morea.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1880.—PART I. (MARCH.)
56 Mr. A. G. Butler on synonyms of
Lithosia chryseola is Capissa sambala of Moore; Herr
Snellen states that he has it from Java as well as from the
Celebes.
Lithosia xantholoma is nearly allied to L. replana 2 of
Lewin. I have not yet been able to determine the genus
of this species.
Paidia creatina, Setina nigrocincta, S. calligenioides,
Hypocrita meander and Pitane rectilinea, are all species of
Miltochrista. P. creatina and H. meander being refer-
able to the typical section of the genus, P. rectilinea to
the section named Sesapa, and the two others to the
section Barsine.
Hypocrita (1) flavicollis is a Chalcosiid, referable to
the genus Scaptesyle, and nearly allied to S. calida of
Walker.
I can find no difference between Farias limbana and
E. fervida of Walker.
Amerila piepersii is Pelochyta arthus-bertrandi of
Guérin.
Orgyia ludekingit is an Enome close to E. ampla of
Walker.
I can find no difference whatever between the figure of
Lelia subrufa and the male of L. cenosa, yet in specimens
which geographically are so widely separated it is probable
that some local difference does exist.
LL. saturnioides not only is not a Lelia, but does not
belong even to an allied genus; in pattern it somewhat
resembles Geodena, but probably is a new genus.
Euproctis Mooret is represented by three species of
Artaxa, fig. 8 being scarcely distinct from A. dissimilis
of Java; fig. 9 being allied to A. linta, and fig. 10 to
A. subnotata.
Euproctis flavipennis, although exactly like the female
of A. varians of Walker, is probably distinct, since one
is Indian and the other from the Celebes.
Euproctis discophora is a Cherotriche, an allied species,
occurs in Borneo.
Limacodes chlorostigma is a Parasa, although in colora-
tion it greatly resembles E'uclea monitor of Packard.
Limacodes circinatus is an Eloasa, close to E. congrua
of Walker.
LL. catenatus appears to be an Aphendala, but it would
require careful examination to be certain.
LL. albiguttatus is a Miresa, allied to M. castaneipars
of Moore.
feterocerous Lepidoptera. OW
The following are notes upon a short paper by Herr
Meeschler in the Stettin Entomologische Zeitung for
1872 :—
Heterusia signata is H. edocla of Doubleday.
H, trimacula is H. scintillans of Herrich-Schiiffer.
fT. flavomaculata is Soritia pulchella, $, of Kollar.
HI, octopunctata is Soritia sexpunctata, 2 var. of
Walker.
Phalanna amena is probably African, being evidently
nearly allied to Euchromia africana, Butler, but appa-
rently differing in its yellow tegule, the abdomen snow-
white at base, the abdominal band yellow and wider, the
base of primaries occupied by two sagittate spots, of
which the lower one is large and carmine, whilst the
upper one is yellow.
_Gnophria quadrimaculata is Vamuna remelana, ?, of
Moore.
Gnophria (C@onistis) strigata is Chrysorabdia viri-
data, 2, of Moore.
Lithosia colon appears to be referable to Moore’s genus
Prabhasa.
LEgocera fimbria is Walker’s 4. fervida, and comes
only from South Africa, which fact throws considerable
doubt upon the accuracy of the locality for Phalanna
amena, described in the same paper.
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IV. Descriptions of Cetoniide and Cerambycide from
Madagascar. By Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE.
[Read March 38rd, 1880. ]
THE species described in this paper have recently been
received by the British Museum from Fianarantsoa.
They were collected by the Rev. Wm. Deans Cowan, to
whom we are already much indebted for many novelties.
Among other rarities is a single specimen of the remark-
able genus of Hlateridce, described by Dr. Candéze (Cist.
Ent. 11. 1879, p. 485) as Morostoma, having the palpi as
long as the antenne. It differs from the type specimen
in being much larger, nine lines in length, and in having
the legs concolorous with the body; it is probably a
female.
CETONIID2.
Celidota splendens, n. sp.
Viridi-aurea, nitida; thorace (marginibus exceptis)
scutello, elytrisque cupreo-rufis, tibiis cupreo-tinctis,
pygidio sat crebre punctato.
Long. 13 lin.
Clypeus rather thickly and strongly punctured, a little
wider in front than at the base, transversely impressed
before the anterior margin, which is slightly reflexed, the
angles obtuse. Thorax deep coppery red (except at the
sides), very finely coriaceous, and moderately thickly and
distinctly punctured, especially towards the sides; the
base is sinuate in the middle; the posterior angles are
obtusely rounded. Scutellum nearly in the form of an
equilateral triangle, moderately thickly punctured at the
sides. Elytra broad at the shoulders (where there is a
black spot), relatively more narrowed behind than in
C. Stephensii, leaving the margins of the abdomen
visible from above, deep coppery red, extremely finely
coriaceous, and not very shining, thickly and very dis-
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—PaART Il. (JUNE.)
60 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions of
tinctly punctured all over, with no costz nor strie.
Pygidium gently convex, moderately thickly and distinctly
punctured, very slightly impressed on each side at the
margin. Mesosternal process transverse, a little angular
in the middle, evenly arcuate in front. The segmentations
of the abdomen margined with deep blue. Anterior tibiz
with two teeth.
Coptomia rufo-varia, Nn. sp.
C. prasine affinis, viridis, thorace elytrisque rufo-tinctis ;
elytris fortiter striatis, pygidio leviter convexo haud
impresso, transversim striolato. 9.
Long. 9 lin.
Very close to C. prasina, but much narrower, and
pale yellowish green, with the thorax and especially the
scutellum and dorsal region of the elytra coppery red.
Head and thorax less strongly punctured than in prasina.
Scutellum more acuminate. LElytra deeply striated, but
the punctures in the striw are scarcely visible even with
a magnifying power, and there is no fine line at the
bottom of the stria, as is usual in prasina; the first four
interstices are straight and equally broad; the fifth and
sixth striz are very strongly punctured, straighter, and
nearly of equal length ; beyond these there are two lines of
strong punctures besides the marginal one; the apex is
finely striolate, as in prasina. The pygidium is not im-
pressed on each side of the disk, but is evenly convex,
and although closely striolated, is not so closely as in
prasina.
Hab.—Fianarantsoa (Rev. Wm. Deans Cowan).
CERAMBYCIDA.
Opsamates purpureipennis, N. sp.
Niger, nitidus ; antennis articulis 3°—11"" piceis, bre-
viter pilosis, thorace crebre fortiter punctato, linea me-
diana levi, lateribus tuberculo parvo ante medium, elytris
purpureis, parum convexis, fortiter discrete punctatis,
singulis costis tribus obtusis, humeris apiceque virescen-
tibus.. ¥ .
Long. 13 lin.
Head with a longitudinal channel, and with some
strong punctures on the antennal tubercles. Antenne
Cetoniidee and Cerambycide. 61
short, not reaching to the middle of the elytra, finely
pilose, the basal joint strongly punctured ; the punctuation
of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th joints is less strong, that of the
following joints is finer and closer, the 3rd and 4th joints
are subcylindrical, the 5th 6th and 7th are rather wider
at their apex. ‘The thorax is one-fifth broader than long,
convex, covered with large close punctures, which leave a
more or less complete smooth mesial line; on each side
of the disk there is a very slight tumour; there is a
nearly rectangular prominence at the side in front (obtuse
at its apex), and rather before the middle of the side there
is a small obtuse tubercle ; the base is strongly margined,
and is slightly sinuate on each side. Scutellum smooth.
Elytra about one quarter broader than the widest part
of the thorax, parallel (or perhaps a little wider behind),
very obtuse at the apex, with strong punctures not very
closely placed over the surface ; each elytron has three
obtuse cost, none of which reach the apex. The meta-
sternum is thickly and strongly punctured ; the abdomen
rather less thickly but still more strongly punctured. The
legs are more or less piceous, sparingly punctured, and
sparingly pilose. The prosternum is very strongly trans-
versely rugulose.
In my endeavour to determine the position of this
curious insect, by the help of the “Genera des Coléop-
teres,’’ I came to the conclusion that it should be placed
after the Metopoceline, and in comparing it with my
genus Opsamates (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1879, p. 264), also from
Madagascar, which I had placed in that position, I have
not seen sufficient reason for separating it as a distinct
genus, although its appearance is very different. The
antenne, however, are shorter, and scarcely at all dentate ;
the anterior coxe are not quite so approximate, and the
thorax has no dorsal tubercles.
Leptocera flavovittata, n. sp.
Nigra, subopaca ; antennarum articulis 3°—11"™ pedi-
busque flavescentibus, thorace subcylindrico, dense punc-
tato, elytris cyaneis, singulis vitta lata flavescenti haud ad
apicem attingenti,
Long. 8 lin.
Head very strongly punctured between the eyes. Thorax
a little longer than broad, subcylindrical, a very little
narrowed in front and behind, densely and rather strongly
62 Mr. C. 0. Waterhouse’s descriptions of Cetoniide, cde.
punctured. Elytra deep blue, rather thickly and very
distinctly punctured ; each elytron with a pitchy-yellow
stripe down the middle, extending to the shoulder at the
base, narrowed posteriorly, and not reaching to the apex ;
the apex truncate, the external angle with a very small
tooth. Abdomen smooth, with a few strong punctures
scattered here and there.
Hab.—Fianarantsoa.
This species is closely allied to C. humeralis.
Greer)
V. On the Structure of the Lampyridx, with reference
to their Phosphorescence. By the Ruy. H. S.
GorRHAM.
[Read March Srd, 1880. |
Tun interest taken by the members of the Society who
were present when I rather briefly stated some morpho-
logical observations I had made while studying the
Lampyride, was so much greater than I had anticipated,
that 1 think it worth while to lay before the Society a
fuller summary of those facts, and venture to restate in
arather fuller form, and, if I can, more clearly, the con-
clusions at which I arrived.
I think it will be admitted that generalisations founded
on a limited number of phenomena are only misguiding,
and have no sure basis, while in those founded on a large
number of facts, some cases are sure to be found, which
may at first seem adverse to the conclusion which we are
at last compelled to adopt.
This has been the case here. There are examples, such
as the non-luminous species, which I do not profess to say
more about than that they do not invalidate the general con-
clusion at which I arrive, which is that the sexual instinct
has played a large part in moulding the external structure of
this group of beetles, and that it is to that we may look
for an adequate explanation of the wonderful development
of phosphorescent light, though perhaps not to its origin.
In the first place, then, it is to be observed that all the
species of this family do not possess the luminous faculty
in equal degree ; but that on the contrary, while some are
highly luminous in both sexes, some are only highly so in
the female, some are not luminous in either sex, and some
(though this appears rather doubtful) are luminous in the
males, and not so, or much less so, in the female.
The part which this faculty of emitting light plays in
the economy of nature has been long and earnestly debated.
The most general view, and therefore one to which I lay
no claim for originality, but which my observations tend to
confirm, is that it serves as a beacon to attract the male to
TRAYS. ENT. soc. 1880.—partT tl. (JUNE.) BE
64 Rev. H. S. Gorham on the
the female ; but I believe this to be the case only ina
special sense in those species which do not assemble, and
especially in those in which the females are incapable of
flight. In other cases I believe that both sexes are
attracted, and enabled by this means to assemble at night
for their union. These inferences are drawn from the con-
sideration of the relative development of the eyes, together
with what is known of the habits of the various species.
The eyes of the Lampyride are, I find, developed in
magnitude according to the amount of luminosity of the
species considered. And the other parts which I have
taken account of, together with these, are the antennae,
of which there is a very great diversity, both between the
sexes, and in the genera ;—the elytra, which are also
subject to sexual and generic limitations, and finally the
size of the abdomen in the female.
The last mentioned is no doubt, as in other apterous
females, the result of an increased production of ova.
These are, I believe, in the Lampyride laid on roots, and
other substances near the ground, where the young larvee
will at once be likely to meet with their molluscan diet.
The greater the tendency to produce ova in abundance, the
more sluggish the females would become, and hence females
once capable of flight would lose the use of their wings,
and the usefulness of the light to attract their more
volatile partners would be greater than ever. This I
believe to be the explanation of the fact that the highest
degree of light, or at any rate the greatest disproportion
in the amount shown by the sexes, is to be found in those
species which have apterous females, and together with
this the greatest development of eye in the male. We will
now consider the case of those species in which both sexes
are winged, and in which both are luminous, and in
probably nearly equal degree. Such are, I have reason to
think, by far the large proportion of the whole number of
existing species. In this case the power of emitting light
would be obviously useful in attracting both sexes to
assemble in swarms, and it does not militate against this
supposition that in many species the males should possess
this faculty in the higher degree. It might be anticipated
that if the female has to be guided to the rendezvous of
the species by this effect, the eyes in that sex would not be
inferior to those of the male; and such is the fact. To
save repetition here I will only instance one well-known
case, viz., that of the European and Eastern genus
Structure of the Lampyride. 65
Luciola. Here both sexes fly, both are luminous, and
both have largely developed powerful eyes.
Neither of these sections, however, comprise those
species which are generally regarded as most typical of the
family, the largest, and those which appear on the whole to
have all their parts most highly specialised, and which,
therefore, we place at the head of a systematic list, such as
the genera Lamprocera and Cladodes. It is rather re-
markable that in these genera the lhght-emitting faculty
has not been developed in the same proportion as the rest
of the organs have, and that while one of these, viz., the
eyes, are also reduced in a direct ratio with the light, and
are small and uniform in both sexes, another organ, the
antenne, is developed in inverse ratio as the phos-
phorescence is diminished. I do not here speak of mere
length, or redundancy in the number of joints, which are
more usual in very simple and primitive forms of the
organ, such as we see in Blatta, but of a high degree of
specialisation, testified by large lamellar plates, or pectina-
tion. Whether the eye is developed at the expense of the
antenna, and is so to speak the receptacle of all the vital
forces of the head, or whether the antenna supplements
the loss of the other organ of sense, and is useful in
detecting the presence of the female, I only see one fact in
evidence, which is that this plumosity of the antenne, in
one case, and this enormous development of the eye in the
other, are usually sexual characters predominating in the
male, but sometimes found in both sexes.
I now offer some evidence in support of my view. The
species I have selected to illustrate the subject I have
arranged in three groups.
i. Species with plumose antennx, small or moderate
eyes, both sexes winged, light-emitting surface confined to
one or more small spots. Genera exhibited Lamprocera,—
L. Latreilleis g @. The male only is luminous, and
apparently only slightly so. Cladodes,—C. lamellicoris.
C. plumosa, Gorh. The sexes are as yet undistinguish-
able. Vesta,—V. saturnalis, Gorh. Lucidota,—L.
Habellicornis, Pheenolis,—P. plumosa, Gorh. Mega-
lophthalmus, M. Guatemale, Gorh. Of this genus it is
noticeable that Lacordaire remarks the name is unfor-
tunate, as the eyes are not larger than is usual in this
family.
ii, Species in which both sexes are winged; light
F2
66 Rey. H. S. Gorham on the
emitted considerable, sometimes greater in the?. Eyes
large, sometimes excessive. Antennz simple, usually
filiform. Genera,—Cratomorphus,—C. giganteus, C.
JSuscipennis. Lucernula,—L. fenestrata, Aspidosoma,—
A. laterale 3. A. cegrotum, Gorh. 6 2. Luciola,—L.
wtalica; L. lusitanica; L. vespertina. Photuris,—P.
pennsylvanica.
ill. Species in which the female is apterous or with
rudimentary wings ; light emitted often very great in the
female, and often only rudimentary traces of it in the
male, Antenne usually rudimentary. Eyes large in the
male, often excessively so, occupying nearly the whole
head. Genera,—Pleotomus,—P. palleus, ¢ 2? ; Lampro-
phorus nepalensis 3; Microphotus, M.n. sp. Lampyris,—
L. noctiluca $ 2; L. mauritanica$ 9; L. sp.? Africa ;
Lamprorhiza,—L. Delarouzei 3 ¢.
iv. Three abnormal genera which do not seem to form
cases in point. Alychnus,—A. xanthorrhaphus 3 9. This
being quite non-luminous appears only to offer negative
evidence. The eyes are not developed. Dioptoma,—
DPD, Adamsi,—the eyes are enormous, but I do not know
anything about the luminosity. Amythetes,—A. fastigiata.
The antennz are plumose, and both sexes I believe
luminous, but the insect is quite abnormal; the antennz
are redundant in the number of joints and the plumosity
very soft and fine. I should consider them simple rather
than specialised.
With regard to the power of withdrawing the light proved
I believe to exist in these insects, whether suddenly and in-
termittently as in the instance of the Lwciola, or gradually
as I have observed in L. noctiluca, the explanation is I think
that the external white vitreous-looking parts are only dia-
phanous, not themselves the source of the light which is
within the body of the insect and can be pressed against
these windows, or retired from them at its pleasure.
I think Newport observed that these segments in the
female of LZ. noctiluca were detached from the internal
parts on dissecting them. ‘The circumstance of the
Luciolas thus flashing in unison would on this hypothesis
easily be accounted for, by any exciting cause, such as the
arrival in the swarm of a fresh female, or the gusts of air,
which affected them all at one time. And the comparative
hardness of the body in this genus seems to favour the
idea that this may be really the case.
Structure of the Lampyride. 67
I trust I shall not have been too prolix or to have dwelt
longer on the subject than it deserved. I have for some
years taken the greatest interest in the distinctions in the
sexes of insects, and the apparent cause of these diversities,
or ends gained by their means, and you will see that the
theory of their gradual development forms part of my
suggestion.
We do not find here the feet with widened tarsi, or
patellated front feet with roughened elytra in the female,
as in the Carabide and Water-beetles, nor prehensile
bent tibiae in the male as in Necrophaga, Weevils, and
many other groups, nor teeth developed on the tibiae, nor
claspers to the abdomen, nor the enormous jaws of Lucanus
by which, as I have observed, he can throw a rival as an
athlete does his antagonist, nor fighting horns as in many
Coleoptera. But what we do find is a simple natural
variation, taken advantage of with such success, that it has
proved sufficient to mould at least two other organs by its
application to the insect’s necessities : one the eye in the
direction of developing its power, the other the antenna by
correlation in the opposite direction of reducing it to a
rudiment. The light of Lampyride, which may have
originated with their molluscan diet, has been sufficient to
develop the most perfect eyes I have noticed in Coleoptera:
while it has rendered unnecessary and checked the original
tendency to plumosity in the organ of touch, wherever it
has been taken advantage of in any considerable degree.
Among the numberless variations that arise naturally in
the animal and vegetable kingdom, man is ever availing
himself of those he desires, and is, to a great extent, able
to render those that are useful permanent, and to check
those that are not so, and it appears to me that I have shown
you an example where nature has proceeded in the same
way.
Our Vice-President, in his address, exhorted us in our
papers to bring our attention to bear on the morphological
characters and habits of the creatures we study. If I have
relieved the monotony of the technical descriptions, and
mere classification of these beetles, which the Society has
received so favourably, and taken a step in the direction
he indicated, I shall feel I have not wasted your time, and
shall be recompensed if the discussion of the subject brings
out any new facts for its elucidation.
(69°)
VI. Notes on the Coloration and Development of Insects.
By P. Cameron.
[Read 7th April, 1880. ]
I. On tHE Marxines on tHE Larvae or Smerinthus.
Last autumn I made an observation which may possibly
throw some light on the use of the reddish-brown marks
along the sides of the larvee of Smerinthus. My attention
was attracted to a small poplar (Populus nigra) whose
leaves were very much affected with the small dark blotches
caused by the fungus Melampsora populina, Lev. When
examining these, I noticed that some of the blotches
appeared to be of a brighter and redder tint. On pulling a
leaf down which bore these differently-coloured markings,
I found, somewhat to my astonishment, that they were not
fungi, but the markings along the sides of a caterpillar of
S. populi, which I had not obs.zved before. The question
then occurred to me : Might not the markings on the cater-
pillar have been acquired in imitation of the fungi, so as
to give it an additional means of protection, in conjunc-
tion with the green colour of its body, in imitation of the
green colour of the leaf? To test this, the caterpillar was
put back again on the tree, and the effect noticed. No
doubt, looking at it close at hand, the larva was readily
seen, for besides the slight difference in the colour of the
lateral marks and the fungi (as already explained), the
colour of the body was much brighter than the leaves,
which were then (the end of September) beginning to fade ;
but, looked at from a distance of several feet, the cater-
pillar was certainly very difficult to see, and undoubtedly
it seemed to me that the similarity of the spots to the
fungi added not a little to hide it. Several other cater-
pillars were found on neighbouring trees (likewise infested
with fungi),and the examination of these served to confirm
my first impression of the usefulness of the marks in hiding
the larva in the circumstances in which it lived. The
markings on the three species of Smerinthus are variable,
and may be entirely absent. Mr. Boscher, for instance
(Proc. Ent. Soc., p. xliv., 1878), describes two forms of
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—Pparvit. (JUNE.)
70 Mr. P. Cameron on the
the larva of S. ocellatus—one feeding on Salix triandra,
without markings, and another on Salix viminalis, with a
double row along the side. We can scarcely suppose that
the marks serve no useful purpose ; and we have in the
case of Deilephila Hippophaes a very good illustration of
similar marks simulating objects—the berries—found on
the food-plant. There is another circumstance which
favours my view, the circumstance, namely, that the three
principal food-plants of our species of Smerinthus—Tilia,
poplars, and willows—are much infested on the leaves with
fungi (as the poplar), or, as with all three, with mites
(Phytopus), which form on the leaves little galls of from
1 to 3” in length, and usually of a brownish-red colour ;
while they are, like the fungi, very common, and have a
wide distribution. On a willow (Salix aurita) close to
where I discovered the caterpillars, I found many mite-
galls on its leaves, and compared them with the markings
in the caterpillar. Many were larger, and many smaller,
while the colour was scarcely so bright in most cases, but
still at a distance of a yard or two the resemblance was
considerable, and could only be detected by a practised
eye. Ido not knowifthe spotted caterpillars are found
only on infested trees, or the contrary ; what I contend
for is, that these and similar excrescences, being so common
on the food-plants (and indeed on most plants near those
frequented by the larvze), the reddish markings serve to
protect them.
In the above-mentioned caterpillar of S. populi, the red
spots were fully larger than those in Weismann’s figure
of Deilephila Hippophaes,* and they were the same in
number (6); the spiracles too were surrounded with red ;
but these red blotches, though more numerous, were
scarcely so large as those on the upper row, although con-
spicuous enough.
My observations have shown too, I think, that they do
aid in concealing the larva on an infested tree. The fact
of the spots appearing late in life may be owing to the
caterpillar’s increased size rendering it more conspicuous
than it was when younger, and, consequently, standing
more in need of additional means to aid concealment. It
may be added that Hippophae rhamnoides, the food-plant
of Deilephil a Hippophaes, has a Phy ytopust attached to it ;
* Descendenz—Theorie, ii., pl. iv., f. 59
¢ cf, Rudow. Pflanzen-gallen Norddeutschlands, p. 173.
Coloration and Development of Insects. vgs
and if its galls be like those on willows, &c., they would
have, at least, a general resemblance to the reddish
markings on the caterpillar, and the similarity between
the two may serve to hide the caterpillar when the berries
are unripe or absent, or even when they are present.
II. Furtuer Novus on tun CoLoRAtion or Saw-F iy
Larv2. *
a. On the Changes of Colour undergone by certain Larve.
—It has long been known, from the observations of
Reaumur, De Geer, and many modern observers, that
many saw-fly larve, immediately before pupating, change
colour, becoming, as a rule, more obscurely and uniformly
coloured, and throwing off any hairs, spines, &¢., which
they may have carried before. What is the meaning of
this change ? It might be said that in the case of a spiny
larva it was in order to give it greater freedom to spin the
cocoon, but obviously this answer will not explain why
spineless larvee change. The change of coloration is most
conspicuous with gaudily-coloured larvee, as, for instance,
with the gooseberry grub, whose two forms of larva are often
taken for two distinct species. All gaudily-coloured larvee
do not change colour; while, on the other hand, others,
whose coloration is obscure, do so, although in this case
the difference between the two is not very conspicuous.
Unfortunately, our knowledge of the habits of these
creatures in a state of nature is still somewhat limited,
especially as to their modes of ‘pupation. We cannot
suppose that the change is altogether useless and meaning-
less, and I believe further observation will show that it is
protective, either in concealing the creature, or by making
it more conspicuous in the case of noxious larve. Saw-fly
larve are seldom large; protected larve therefore can
only make their presence known by feeding in company
on a leaf; but when they become full-fed they have to
separate, to descend to the earth to seek a resting-place,
and while doing so they encounter new enemies, and are
exposed to dangers of a different kind from what they had
been accustomed to. Hence a change of colour might be
of advantage ; either a colour which would simulate the
surroundings, or one which would make them more con-
spicuous than they were when living in companies. While
some of these creatures bury themselyes immediately
* See Trans, Ent, Soc., 1878, p. 141.
72 Mr. P. Cameron on the
beneath the food-plants, others travel some distances, in
order to find a suitable resting-place. This is especially
the case with those which do not pupate in the earth, but
bore into the stems of pithy plants, in leu of spinning a
cocoon, or because the cocoon itself is thin. Some of these
species (Lmphytus, Taxonus) I have found at considerable
distances from their food-plants in stems ; and I have found
a cocoon of Lophyrus pint in a crevice} of a wall many
yards’ distance from any pine. The view that the change of
coloration is protective is confirmed by observations I have
made on two very different species, and the observations
are especially interesting, as they illustrate the two forms
of protective coloration. While in most cases the change
is (ag already mentioned) in the direction of a more
obscure (generally green) coloration, in one or two instances
the opposite is the case. There is a gall-making Nematus
found abundantly along the banks of rivers on Salia pur-
purea. Living, as the creature does, in its larval state
concealed in galls, it has no need of bright colours, and
accordingly its body is white. At the last moult, however,
it becomes entirely slate-coloured, and leaves the galls for
the ground. I once found several of these larvee on the
sands which surrounded the trees, marching up to a higher
portion of the river bank. I noticed especially that the
colour of their bodies harmonised admirably with the sand,
and thus they were very difficult to see ; certainly a white
larva would be much easier detected. Another species of
the same group is found on Salix aurita. In this case, of
course, the comparison with the sand does not hold, but
then the slate colour agrees quite as well with the dead
grass, &c., found in the marshy situations where the species
lives. The other observation relates to Cladius viminalis.
Three or four of its larvae feed, ranged in a row, on the
underside of a poplar leaf, of which they eat only the
epidermis. When very young they are entirely green;
gradually orange makes its appearance on the first and last
segments, black marks appear on the body, which is also
covered with hair ; but still the green largely predominates.
Then at the last moult every trace of green disappears, and
the entire body is orange, save the black head and the black
marks. The brilliant colour acquired when it has stopped
feeding and is ready for pupating is explainable, I think,
by a reference to the habits of the creature. Living
several on a leaf, their presence is made sufficiently visible
during the greater part of their life ; but when they have
Coloration and Development of Insects. 73
become full-fed they separate, and each seeks a suitable
hiding-place. They do not pupate apparently on their natal
tree, but descend it to go in search of another, up whose
trunk they march, and spin their cocoons in crevices. I
have found them doing this on trees—firs, beeches—
many yards’ distance from any poplars. Last September I
found one far from the food-plant, about six feet up on the
trunk of a beech, where it was readily noticed by its gaudy
colour. It was put into a tube, and in half an hour had
begun to spin its cocoon. Here, then, we have the reason
for the gaudy coloration acquired at the last moult ; it is to
make it more conspicuous than it would be if it had
retained the green which it had when feeding. The species
of this genus spin an irregular, thin, semi-transparent
cocoon, which is spun either in chinks in the bark, or in
stems of herbaceous plants. Hence they may have to go
some distance before a proper place is met with.
b. Dimorphic larve.—The question of dimorphic larve
with the Tenthredinide is one well worthy of attention.
The subject is at present somewhat obscure, for although I
have bred forms, which I cannot separate in the perfect
state from differently-coloured larvee, and might therefore
conclude that they were dimorphic larva of the same
species, yet further observation might show that in reality
they were distinct species. I am not now referring to
such cases as Lophyrus similis and L. pint, and Nematus
cadderensis, Cam. and NV. croceus, Fall. (fulvus H.); for
although in these two cases the perfect msects cannot be
separated by any distinct characters, yet the larvze are so
different in form, coloration, and habits, as to preclude
the idea of their being dimorphic larvae of the same
species. J am alluding to such forms as I have described
elsewhere,* where larve differently marked (but. still
having some common characteristics) produced imagos
which cannot —or, at any rate, I cannot, nor can Herrn
Brischke and Zaddach, as they inform me in litt.—be
satisfactorily separated. Nematus capree, Pz., has two
forms of larve: one, the common type, green, with
white lines; and a much rarer form, which is reddish,
but with the same markings as the other. Both feed
on the same food-plant (Carices) and in the same
locality. One or two species of Cimbex would appear
* Fauna of Scot., p. 41,
74. Mr. P. Cameron on the
to have dimorphic larvee, but the specific distinctions be-
tween the forms of this genus are yet too complicated to
enable us to decide if the different larve belong to the
same or to different species. Brischke and Zaddach*
(and no better authorities could be stated) describe
two distinct forms of the larvee of Cimbex saliceti, Zad.
(lutea auct.) on Salix caprea—one brownish-red, and a rarer
bluish-green one. The larvaof another species of Nematus
(histrio Lep.), is in the great majority of cases green, but
specimens are occasionally of a decided reddish hue,
although I have never seen the red predominating to such
an extent as with the red form of NV. capree.
I find that the larvee of the various species of Cimbea and
Trichiosoma are not at all clearly defined, any more than
are the perfect insects, Dahlbom + had an idea that the great
variability of the imagos was produced by the food-plants,
but this I regard as very doubtful ; and it is certain that
some forms which Dahlbom regarded as varieties are good
species, presenting distinctive (although slight) characters
in their larval and imago states. Several varieties of
Cimbex sylvarum, for instance, are bred from birch, and of
C. saliceti from willow; while the form mentioned by
Dahlbom from beech is considered by Brischke and Zaddach
as a good species.
c. On the Use of the Hairs on Green Larvee.—I have
already alluded to the difference in the mode of feeding
of the protected and edible larve which feed on the
flat surface of the leaf. Besides this difference in habits,
there is a structural peculiarity which distinguishes them.
It is that the noxious larvee have bare, shining bodies ;
whereas the others have their bodies more or less covered
with pale hairs. With flat larvae, as in Caimponiscus, they
are only along the edge, which is very projecting and
waved, so that the legs are entirely hid. In Nematus pal-
lescens the body is more cylindrical, and covered all over
with pale hairs, which, although of moderate length, cannot
be seen unless the larva be examined close at hand, when
it is resting on the leaf. In Cladius, again, the bodies
are still more cylindrical, and the hairs are longer. Now,
hairs of this class appear to be entirely confined to larvee
(generally green) which feed on the surface of the leaf,
* Schr. ges. Konig. U1, pl. 11, f. 4.
+ Prod. Hymen, Scand, 50.
Coloration and Development of Insects. 75
and, with scarcely an exception, to edible ones. Cladius
viminalis has these hairs, like the other species of this
genus, but they do not add in any way to its conspi-
cucusness, for they are pale and scarcely noticeable, and
therefore cannot be ranked with the hairs on the goose-
berry grub (Nematus ribesit), which undoubtedly tend to
render it more easily seen.
From the pale woolly appearance of these hairs, and
from the fact that most of the larve of Cladius are green
and inconspicuous, it is probable that C. viminalis and
C. aeneus, Zad., are the youngest species, and that the
hairs derived from the primitive pale-coloured ancestor
have been retained, although no longer aiding concealment.
Now what is the use of these hairs? I believe that
suggested by Meldola and Lubbock, * to prevent the:body
throwing a sharp shadow on the leaf, which would certainly
happen if the bodies were perfectly bare. It is possible,
too, that the hairs in Cladius, and the spines in Blenno-
campa (eg., B. geniculata), may in addition to this
purpose, serve as a protection against the attacks of ants
and other carnivorous insects. I believe the green, spiny
larvee are as a rule nocturnal feeders, resting motionless
during the day on the underside of the leaf. Such, at any
rate, is the habit of those of Macrophya sturma, ¢ K1., which
feed in company, and they give out a bad smell. One
kind of larva of this class (Nematus compressicornis, Fab.,
vallater, Voll.)t has the curious habit of surrounding
itself with a wall of dried bubbles secreted by itself, appa-
rently as a protection against insects.
In regard to this subject, I notice a very suggestive
remark by Fritz Miiller,§ which is very well illustrated by
certain ‘'enthredous larve. He says (alluding to the
caterpillars of butterflies) that obscurely-coloured larvee
must either live solitary and hide themselves, or acquire a
bad odour and congregate together. ‘These, by living in
companies, surround themselves with a fetid atmosphere,
and thus make their presence as effectually known as if
they were gaudily coloured, or armed with hairs and
spines. This is precisely what we find with the larve of
Hriocampa, and others, as mentioned in my last paper.
Eriocampa adumbrata appears to have reached the
* Trans, Ent. Soc., 1878, 214.
+ Cf. Kaltenbach, Pflanzenfeinde, 83.
t Cf. Vollenhoven, Tijd. Ent., i, 191, pl. 12,
§ Quoted Proc. Ent. Soc., 1878, vi.
76 Mr. P. Cameron on the
highest phase of this protective coloration ; for not only do
its larvee have a bad smell, and are covered with a resinous
secretion, but they resemble very closely the droppings of
abird.* Dineura stilata and D. degeeri afford other
instances. I am strongly inclined to believe that the
obscure coloration of these protected larvae has been
acquired as a protection against ichneumons, by rendering
them less conspicuous, while the secretions have been
acquired against the attacks of carnivorous insects. Flat
larvee like those of Hriocampa cannot defend themselves
with the abdomen like those which feed along the edge of
the leaf, as I have already explained. It is worthy of
remark that the Hriocampa and Dineura larvee are not
always exhaling the odour, but only when danger is near.
It may be noted here that the habit of congregating
together on the upper or lower surface of the leaf, and
eating only the epidermis, is not confined to saw-fly larve.
We have a very good illustration of it with Phratora
vitellince, the beetle whose larvee are so common on willows.
And the reason of it is obvious. <A large, gaudily-coloured
larva might live apart, and be still easily observed; but
the only way small larvee can make their presence known
is by massing together.
III. On PargrHENOGENESIS IN THE TENTHREDINIDS.
The first indication of the occurrence of Parthenogenesis
with the Tenthredinide, was recorded by a gardener
named Thorn,+ who had observed Nematus ribesit to
deposit fertile eggs without having had any access to males.
This observation remained unverified until 1866, when
Kessler, a German naturalist, confirmed it.t The same
species formed the subject of many careful and extended
experiments by Von Siebold§—experiments which proved
beyond all doubt that Parthenogenesis was a common
phenomenon with this saw-fly ; and that only males were
produced out of the unfertilised eggs.
Last year I experimented with WV. ribesit, and had no
difficulty in getting several females to lay eggs without
* As remarked by Jordan, Ent. M. Mag., viii., 252.
+ Gardener's Magazine, vii.,-196.
{ Die Lebensgeschichte von Ceutorhynchus sulcicollis und Nematus
ventricosus. Cassel, 1866.
§ Beitr. zur Parthenogenesis der Arthropoden. Leipzig, 1871, pp.
106—180.
Coloration and Development of Insects. rie
their having had any connection with males, and from
these eggs I bred only males. <A few years ago I got an
unfertilised ? of Nematus miliaris, Pz. (viridis Htg.), to
lay eggs, but the larvee which they yielded, unfortunately
died in the cocoons during the winter.* Last year I was
more successful with this species, and succeeded in rearing
the imagos from unfertilised eggs: they were all males.
N. miliaris, I may remark, has the males—if not as
abundant as the other sex—tolerably numerous. I was
also fortunate enough to get Strongylogaster cingulatus
Fab., Phyllotoma nemorata, Fall., and Hemichroa rufa,
Pz., to lay unfertilised eggs, which yielded larve, but
unfortunately they all died very young. The ¢ of S.
cingulatus is known, but is certainly very rare; while the
males of the other two are quite unknown, although they
are very common species and have been often bred. I
experimented with several other species, but the result was
altogether negative: they would not lay; nor indeed
would all the individuals I had of the species I have
mentioned.
Mr. J. E. Fletcher, of Worcester, has kindly communi-
cated to me the results of some experiments he made last
year on the same subject.t He got the common gall-
making species, Nematus gallicola (Vallisneri) to oviposit,
but the gall did not come to maturity, owing apparently to
the plant being small and weak. Mr. Fletcher was more
fortunate with Nematus curtispina, Thoms., and WN.
palliatus, Thoms., having managed to rear from unfer-
tilised eggs 21¢ and 1? from the former, and 2¢ from
the latter species. That a ? should appear as with
N. curtispina is certainly very exceptional, but I have
no doubt of the correctness of Mr. Fletcher’s observations ;
although it is quite possible that the egg may have been
brought in with the food-plant, or a pupa may have been
put in by mistake, as happened to Von Siebold when con-
ducting his experiments. Both species are closely related
to N. miliaris, but both are good species.
From the above remarks it will be observed that the
experiments were only completely successful with those
species which have the males tolerably common; while
they have only shown that those species which have the
males exceptionally rare, or altogether unknown, are
capable of laying fertile eggs, but without telling us if they
* Scot. Nat., iv., 157.
+ Seo.also Ent. M. Mag., May, 1880, p. 269.
tome)
78 Mr. P. Cameron on the
would yield males or females. The unfertilised eggs of
S. cingulalus might produce males; but the probability is
that Hemichroa rufa and Phyllotoma nemorata would
give issue to females, seeing that no one has ever caught
or bred the males of these common species. There is
equally good evidence that complete parthenogenesis occur
with Lriocampa ovata, L., and Poecilosoma pulveratum,
Fall. (obeswm Kiug.). The late Frederick Smith once bred
between 300 or 400 flies from the larve of #. ovata, and
not one of them was a male, while it has recently been
shown by Mr. Bridgman* that an unfertilised female can
lay fertile eggs, but Mr. Bridgman’s larve unfortunately
died young. I have}shown too elsewhere + that P. pul-
veratum, (whose: male is unknown) is a parthenogenetic
species. I think then we are justified in concluding that
complete and mixed parthenogenesis exist in the Zenthre-
dinide.
Von Siebold in his book has analysed Hartig’s blatt-
wespen in reference to the scarcity of males with these
insects, and shows that Hartig was apparently unac-
quainted with the males of 76 species out of a total of 381.
Since the publication of Hartig’s classical work, our know-
ledge of the habits of saw-flies has enormously increased,
while the differences between the sexes are much better
understood. Still, with all that, the males of many species
remain to be discovered. I find that out of some 330
British species, the males of 53 have yet to be found. No
doubt many of these are rare and little known forms, so
that much stress cannot be laid on them as showing the
scarcity of males, but the same result is shown in another
way. ‘Tabulating the British species in my collection, I
find that, in addition to the maleless species noted above,
54 species are represented by females only, so that
altogether I have never seen the males of 107 species.
In the large genus Nematus, the males are very much
rarer than the other sex, even with common species.
Nematus pavidus,t for example, is a species I breed regu-
* Ent., 1878, 191.
+ Ent. M. Mag., xv., 12.
{ Last autumn I found about two dozen of the larve of this species on
a willow bush, nearly full-fed. They were placed in a jar together with
not more than a day’s supply of food, and forgotten for a week. Most of
them were then found dead: two spun cocoons and yielded ichneumons
(Mesoletus opticus), and three had turned to pup# without spinning a
cocoon. These proved to be two males and one female, the former of the
usual size, the latter rather small and dark coloured.
Coloration and Development of Insects. 79
larly, yet I have only got four males during several years.
Now males are, as arule, much easier bred than females
owing to their smaller size, and to their appearing seven
or eight days earlier than the females, so that, if they were
at all common, the chances are all in favour of the
observer rearing them.
The phenomenon would appear to occur with closely
allied species in all the genera. Thus we have (mentioning
only common species) Hemichroa rufa with the ¢ unknown,
and H. alni with it very rare, while the closely allied
Dineura verna has no male. Then there are Poecilosoma
pulveratum and P. luteolum, and two or three species of
Fenusa with no known males; the same is the case with
Blennocampa albipes and B. ephippium, while the closely
allied BL. fuscipennis, Fall. (luteiventris K1.), has the ¢
very rare. So it is with the too common LHriocampa
adumbrata, while, as stated already, /. ovata is unisexual.
Again, the males of Hoplocampa brevis, KI., and H. rutili-
cornis, Kl., have not been described, while of the large
genus Nematus we have N. Hrichsoni, Htg., and palli-
diventris ; leucotrochus, H., and conductus, Ruthe; and
(as before mentioned) palliatus, curtispina and miliaris.
Nore.—Since writing the above paper, Mr. Meldola has directed my
attention to a paper of his (Proc. Zool. Soe., 1873, p. 155) wherein he has
given a similar explanation of the change of coloration in larve before
pupation to that stated on p. 71. Mr, Meldola gives as examples of this
habit various species of Lepidoptera,
TRANS. ENT. soc, 1880.—PaRT II, (JUNE.) @
~y
81 )
anal
Vil, On Cetonia aurata and Protaetia Benson,
By J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &e.
[Read 7th April, 1880.]
Tan investigation of the claims of many so-called species
of insects to be regarded as such on account of slight
characteristic distinctions occurring in individuals inhabit-
ing adjacent but distinct localities, possesses a Very im-
portant bearing on the great question of the origin of
species, especially when the objects of the inquiry occur in
a free state of nature, undisturbed by the influence of man,
and resulting as might perhaps be inferred from modifi-
cations of locality, or temperature, or food, or times of
appearance. This, it must be admitted, is a very different
question from that in which the various modifications in
the individuals of a given species have resulted from the
action and influence of man, or even by his partial inter-
ference. ‘The variations in the various breeds of dogs or
of pigeons have doubtless been greatly influenced by human
agency, but animals in a wild state of nature must be
regarded as having followed a normal state of existence,
and if variations have been produced in them, we have a
far truer clue to the agency of nature than in the case of
domesticated animals and their variations.
The mode in which variation is effected in a given species
requires a preliminary inquiry as to the exact differences
which exist between any given set of individuals. How
and in what manner a variation has taken place is a far
more difficult question. In the Transactions of the Ento-
mological Society for 1872, I have endeavoured to trace
the variations from the typical state of several species of
butterflies, as Papilio Sarpedon, P. Anchises, &c., whilst
in the Entomologische Zeitschrift of the Berlin Society, Dr.
Kraatz has for several years past been endeavouring to
prove that many of the so-called new species of Coleoptera,
especially of Carabidw, are only geographical varieties, or
local modifications, or sub-species, or representative species,
or by what other name they-may be called. In the last
part of this work, just published (1879, Heft II.), there
TRANS, ENT. soc. 1880.—Part Il. (JUNE.) G 2
82 Prof. J. O. Westwood on Cetonia awrata, &e.
is a paper by the same author, entitled, ‘‘ Cetonia aurata
Linné (der Goldkifer) am Amur in Huryomia- und Glycy-
phana-arten verwandelt = Protaetia Bensom, Westw. von
Himalaya? ein Beitrag zur Kritischen Deutung der Cetonia-
formen,’’? pp. 240—252, in which the author endeavours
to prove that Cetonia cupreola, Kraatz, Glycyphana
viridi-obscura, Motsch., Huryomia amouriensis, Motsch.,
Glycyphana pilifera, Motsch., and probably Protaetia
Bensoni, Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., vol. V. (1849),
p. 145, Pl. 16, f. 3, are all merely varieties of Cetonia
aurata.*
At the meeting of the Belgian Entomological Society
on the 3rd January, 1880, the Baron von Harold, alluding
to the remarks of Dr. Kvaatz, admits their correctness, and
adds that C. Carthusia may be added to the number of
varieties, but that C. pilifera must be regarded as a dis-
tinct species, with which he considers Pr. Bensoni to be
identical, the latter being more strongly punctured.
_ Ido not feel called upon to support the claim to specific
rank of the five first-mentioned supposed species, my
object being to exhibit the typical specimen of LProtaetia
Bensoni side by side with an English Cetonia aurata in
order to prove their specific distinctions.
P. Bensoni will thus be seen to be a uch smaller, more
slender, and flatter insect, with comparatively more slender
limbs; a complete coat of dull green velvet-like pile, with
white markings differing from those of the Cetonia
in the two straight white lines down the pronotum,
and especially in the shape of the head, which is much
more conical in front than in the Cefonia. ‘Taking all
these characteristics into consideration, I must be allowed
to maintain my conviction that Protaetia Bensoni cannot
be regarded as a local modification of Cetonia aurata. If
the specific identity of the two insects be maintained, size,
form, sculpture, clothing, markings, and geographical dis-
tribution must no longer be regarded as affording specific
distinctions.
* JT will not here enter into any defence of the different genera of
Cotoniide here alluded to. I fear it must be allowed that far too many
genera have been established not only in this, but in very many other
families of insects,
Gnaeey)
VII. Materials for a revision of the Lampyride. By the
Rey. H. 8. Gorwam,
[Read June 2nd, 1880. ]
Prace I.
(Concluded from Part I. of the Transactions, p. 36.)
List or Nuw Spzcins.
Aspidosoma egrotum, Luciola substriata,
7 depictum, » attinis.
i diaphana, » Malacca.
os pulchellum. ao. tabidas
. bilineatum. », pallescens.
3 costatum. » costipennis,
Lamprophorus crassus. » xanthura.
Diaphanes limbatus, » carinata.
3 guttatus. » Spectralis.
ss Jayanus. Photuris tristissima,
Pyroceelia genus novum, 3 fumosa,
- terminata. 3 collaris.
A, lateralis. ry, ruficollis.
cn plagiata. 5 lucidicollis,
Hi fumigata, 5 mexicana.
59 Foochowensis, Ae amcena.
% Pekinensis, op scutellata,
Lampyris Huddi, » funestis,
Megalophthalmus Guatemala. + mollis,
Aspiposoma, Cast., Munich Cat., p. 1645.
A. Elytris ovatis apicem versus attenuatis.
Aspidosoma ignitum, Linn. Syst. Nat. IL, p. 645,
Columbia, Cayenne, and Antilles ; Mus. Brus., Gorh. ;
Caracas, Mus. Brus., Coll. Chey.; Rio Hondo, Honduras,
coll. Godman and Salvin.
Aspidosoma laterale, Fab. Syst. El. II. 106.
Amer. mer. ‘* Huanaco,’? Mus. Brus.; Costa Rica 3
Hab.% Gorh. [Norris.]
This is one of the largest species, nine lines.
TRANS. ENT. SOC, 1880.—rart u. (suNu:)
84 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Aspidosoma sticticum, Gemm. Col. Heft. VI.
oe maculatum, Fab. Ent. Syst. Sup. 125.
Brazil, Buenos Ayres; ¥* Bolivia, Mus. Brus.
Hab. ’—Gorh. | Norris. |
The thorax has a spot at each hinder angle and some-
times a linear one near the apex. Length, 7—9 lines.
Aispidosoma lineatum, Gyll. Schon. Syn. Ins. App. p. 23.
Mots. Etud. Ent. II. 11.
Brazil, Rio Janeiro; Mus. Brus.; Hab.? Gorh. 3,9.
Like laterale, but smaller.
Aspidosoma cassideum, Mots. Etud. Ent. II. 14.
Brazil ; Hab. ? Mus. Brus.
Elytra of an uniform rusty red, strongly attenuated
towards the apex. Length, 7—9 lines.
Aspidosoma fenestratum, Blanch. Voy. d’Orb. 111.
Cayenne and Bolivia; Mus. Brus. [Guér. Men.]; &.
Like ignitum, but the elytra with two pale lateral spots,
one humeral, one median.
Aspidosoma polyzonum, Chev. Col. Mex. Cent. I. fase.
iii. 5
Mexico ; coll. Chey.
I cannot distinguish this from ignitum L.; there is a
specimen of ignitwm from the Antilles ; it may therefore
extend to Mexico.
Aspidosoma grossum, Er. Wieg. Arch. I. 81 ?
Peru ; Mus. Brus.
There is a specimen in the Belgium Museum which I
think is this. Fuscous ; elytra obscurely lined with paler
towards the apex, and with the anterior half of the ex-
panded margin whitish yellow. Length, 7 lines.
Aspidosoma wgrotum, n. sp.
Ovale, antice posticeque attenuatum, prothoracis ely-
trorumque marginibus late sub-diaphanis, illo disco piceo,
linea mediana guttisque lateralibus miniatis, angulis
externis obsolete fuscis ; his macula post medium obscura,
revision of the Lampyride. 85
disco subfusco, sutura et lineis duabus pallidis ; pectore,
scutello abdomine basi et apice piceo.
Long. lin. 6;—7. ¢,9.
Mas.—Abdominis eemmoat quinto et sexto lete flavis,
ad margines albis, utrinque impressis, late emarginatis ;
septimo fusco emarginato, apicali parvo, elongato-ovali :
Oculis parum major ibus. #7 emina,—segmentis tribus ultimis
pallidis, ad basin fuscis, marginibus miniatis, apice exciso.
Head yellow, antennze and palpi fuscous, the former
with the basal joint pale, prosternum rosy. Legs and
underside of body dark pitchy-fuscous, extreme base of
thighs paler. Abdomen fuscous, with the ventral segments
paler in the middle at the apical margin; in the male two
diaphanous segments.
The rather elliptical form and entirely pale margin of
the elytra with an obscurely fuscous spot, will distinguish
this species.
Guatemala, Capetillo ; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Var.? KElytris postice magis angustatis ; corpore sub-
tus, pedibusque totis pallide flavis.
Nicaragua, Chontales; Rio Janeiro ?
There is undoubtedly a Brazilian species very closely
allied to, if not identical with this.
Aspidosoma depictum, n. sp.
Nigro-piceum, nitidum, prothorace, elytrisque sub-
diaphanis, his disco maculisque duabus, una subhumerali,
altera. paulo post medium fuscis, illo disco nigro-piceo
extus late miniato, et ad angulam externam infuscato.
Elytrorum disco lined singulari et sutura tenuiter pallidis.
ong: hn, 7. ¢, %.
Tienestiente megane abdominis segmentis quinto et
sexto leete flavis, limbo laterali fuscis.
Femina.—Segmentis ventralibus duobus penultimis
flavis, fusco maculatis, apice bi-mucronato.
Head, prosternum, and pleural fold of a carmine red,
the first with a dark dot between the eyes ; thorax twice as
wide as long, its disc pitchy and glabrous, with a very
narrow central red line, but the apex diaphanous; the
outer angles have a large fuscous spot.
The elytra have the discoidal portion, a basal spot, and
a lateral larger one fuscous; the discoidal portion divided
by a single narrow line. The scutellum and body beneath,
with the legs and antenni, are fuscous, almost pitchy.
86 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Trazu, Costa Rica ; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Obs.—This species is more conspicuously marked than
most of the genus; in form it resembles egrotum, being
elliptical, but all the species vary in this respect, some
specimens being more ovate than others.
Aspidosoma diaphana, n. sp.
Ellipticum, elytrorum et prothoracis marginibus sub-
diaphanis; thoracis disco et angulis externis, elytrorum
disco et maculis duabus (basali obsoleta) sordide fuscis, illo
lineis tribus pallidis.
ong in bs." 2:
Very like the preceding but smaller, the thorax not so
short but similarly coloured, the basal spot only of the
elytra indistinctly marked, and the posterior lateral one
further back; the dise of the elytra with three obscure pale
lines on each, and the body beneath, and legs yellowish,
clouded here and there with fuscous.
Rio Sarstoon, Honduras ; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Aspidosoma pulchellum, n. sp.
Flavo-testaceum, thorace subdiaphano, vitta mediana
basi et angulis externis nigris, subrugose punctatis, utrin-
que macula miniata; elytris fuscis, sutura tenuiter, et
externe late albidis.
Long. lin. 4—44. 3,9.
Head, middle of the body beneath, and base of the
antenne and legs pale yellow, sides of the breast and
abdomen fuscous; the two usual segments bright yellow in
the male, the prosternal region rosy-carmine. Elytra with
one raised nervure on their disc; ovate, a little narrowed
behind, punctured, the suture and nervure very finely
whitish yellow.
Rio Sarstoon, Honduras; coll. Godman and Salvin.
B. Elytris subparatlelis vel elongato-ellipticis, sape
costatis.
Aspidosoma bilineatum, n. sp.
Elongato-ovale, nigro-piceum, thorace pallido disco
utrinque miniato, macula transvers’ basali, vittaque
mediana et maculis lateralibus fuscis, elytris fusco-piceis
bicostatis, costis hmboque toto tenuissime flavis.
Long. lin. 6—7. 6,°.
reviston of the Lampyride, 87
Mas.—Abdominis segmentis quinto et sexto lete flavis,
nitidis.
Femina.—lisden in medio et ad latera fusco notatis.
The oblong form nearly evenly rounded in front, and at
the apex of the elytra combined with the fuscous elytra, of
which only the extreme margin, the suture, and the raised
nervures are paler, will readily distinguish this from any
of the section A. The discoidal nervure is costate, nearly
straight, not reaching the apex; between this and the
suture is a second, but finer and less raised, and vanishing
at two-thirds of the elytral length. The body beneath, the
legs and antenne are entirely pitchy, with only the dia-
phanous segments paler.
Mexico; Mus. Brus., coll. Gorh., Capetillo ; coll. God-
man and Salvin.
Aspidosoma costatum, i. sp.
Oblongo-ovale, thorace macula transversa basali, vitta
mediana, utrinque miniata piceis, maculis lateralibus paulo
distinctis ; elytris fusco-piceis, bicostatis, sutura et costis
tenuissime, margineque laterali latius pallidis.
Long. lin. 4—5. o,f.
Head, body beneath and legs pale, more or less clouded
with fuscous ; thorax pale and sub-diaphanous, markings
as in bilineatum, but the lateral spot only indicated by a
darker spot about the middle of the margin. Elytra with
the discoidal costate nervure well marked and the callus
strongly raised.
Panama; Rio Sarstoon, Honduras; coll. Godman and
Salvin,
Group II. Lameyripzs.
Lamprornorvus, Munich Cat. p. 1646.
Lamprigera, Mots. Etud. Ent. i., p. 47.
The females of this genus are still unknown. I have
nine examples before me, all of which are males. The
dorsal abdominal plates are wide and lobed, or acutely
angled at the sides. The eyes are enormous, and the
antenne short and rudimentary ; their apical joint termi-
nates in one or more mucronate points. ‘The species seem
readily divisible by the proportions of the antennal joints,
and by the form of the pygidium.
88 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Lamprophorus tenebrosa, Walker, Ann. Nat. Hist.
1858, p. 282.
Testaceo-brunneus, thorace semicirculari, tenuiter cari-
nato, disco sub-rugose punctato, nigro, margine antico et
limbo laterali testaceo, angulis posticis paululum acutis ;
elytris obsolete costatis, ad apicem gradatim attenuatis,
abdominis apice et segmentorum quatuor marginibus nigris;
antennarum apice denticulis minutis nonnullis, et mucrone
unica instructis.
Long. lin. 7—9, ¢.
Mas.—Pygidio lateribus rotundatis, apice leviter late
emarginato, segmento pro-pygidiali angulis externis acutis
retrorsum productis.
The eyes occupy the greater part-of the head, but are
separated by the crown, which is strongly concave. The
antenne have the basal joint stout, obliquely truncate ; the
second is as long and nearly as stout; the third much
narrower ; conico-cylindrical, about the same length, the
fourth, fifth and sixth longer than wide ; from this point
to the apex the joints are reduced in length, becoming
transverse, the apical one short, ovate, and with a central
slightly curved mucro.
Only seven segments are clearly discernible below, but
the penis appears to have a two-lobed appendage at its
base, which is perhaps really the eighth.
Ceylon ; Brit. Mus. (Zype).
Pondicherry ; Brus. Mus. and Gorh. [Norris], also India,
from Mr. EK. Hudd. :
Ols.—This species appears from his description to re-
semble L. Boyei, Mots., but in addition to the different
Hlab., the antennz are not bi-mucronate. In some speci-
mens the pygidium and preceding segment project beyond
the elytra, but in a small example are covered.
Lamprophorus crassus, n. sp.
Klongatus, subparallelus, testaceus, capite, thoracis
disco, elytris, abdominisque segmentis dorsalibus nigro-
picels.
Long. lin. 9. ¢.
Mas.—Abdominis segmentis tribus penultimis fortiter
lobatis ; pygidio bilobato lobis latius lanceolatis.
This species differs from L. nepalensis by the very short
lunate thorax, of which the hind-angles are much more
revision of the Lampyride. 89
acute ; the disc of the thorax is shining and uneven, with
a tumid space on either side, the centre finely carinate.
The elytra are longer and more parallel, and entirely
cover the abdomen, in the single specimen I have seen.
The scutellum is pitchy. The dorsal plates are dark, ex-
cepting the base of the pygidium, and the latter presents a
very striking difference to Nepalensis in being deeply cut
out, so as to make the apex bilobate. The antennz have
their second joint stout, but shorter than-the first ; the
third longer than second, from thence gradually shortening,
the eighth being quadrate, ninth, tenth, and eleventh short,
terminated by a single mucro. They are not serrate, but
the apices are obliquely truncate.
Pondicherry ; Mus. Brus.
Lamprophorus Nepalensis, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 26.
Abdomen largely lobed, the penultimate as well as the
pygidium pale, the latter truncate, very slightly emargi-
nate. Antenne a little serrate, apical joint short, ovate,
clothed with yellow hairs. I fail to see the short double
mucro attributed to it.
Hab.—Nepal ; Brit. Mus. (Type).
Assam plains, and Khasia hills, Gorh.
Lamprophorus difinis, Walker, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1858,
p. 282.
Hab.—Ceylon ; Brit. Mus. (Type).
Near Nepalensis; differs by its smaller thorax, with the
hind angles not acute, and the base and apex of the elytra
are yellowish brown.
Lamprophorus Boyet, Mots. Ktud. Ent. iii. 23.
Pygidium emarginate, all the dorsal plates strongly
lobed, and excepting the two last dark above.
Amboina ; Mus. Brus.
Obs.---I have no doubt I am correct in my reference of
this specimen, but the antennz are not correctly described ;
the second joint is longer and less stout than in Nepalensis,
the apical fowr or jive joints have each a double tubercle
or blunt mucro on the inner side, which is in fact a rudi-
mentary lamella, and the apical double point corresponds
to this rudimentary part.
90 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
DrarHanes, Mots. Etud. Ent. i. 44.
Though very close to Lampyris, this genus has a parti-
cular facies of its own, from the elevated margins of the
thorax and wider elytra. The eyes are very large, even
more developed than in Lampyris or Lamprorhiza, the
abdomen not so acutely lobed as in the former, the
fifth and sixth segments with transverse luminous spots.
The species appear to be Indian or Malayan, but some of
the African might be imtroduced, e.g., marginipennis,
Boh.; but as most of them are true Lampyrides, I prefer
keeping this for the Eastern species.
Diaphanes indicus, Mots. 1. ¢. iii. 15.
India; Mus. Brus. ¢.
Diaphanes limbatus, un. sp.
Sub-parallelus, opacus, fuscus, thorace testaceo disco in-
fuscato, margine antico fortiter reflexo, litura submarginali
diaphana, elytrorum limbo toto, pectore, femoribus infra,
abdominisque apice flayis.
Long. in. 7—10. ¢.
Mas.—Oculis magnis, pygidio apice leviter bisinuato,
segmento septimo ventrali apice rotundato, integro.
Head fuscous, eyes as in Lamprophorus. Antenne
scarcely longer than the head itself, fuscous; their basal
joint large, rather paler, the second very short, the suc-
ceeding ones longer than wide, setose, obliquely truncate,
the two before the apical shorter, but not transverse ;
thorax elongate hat-shaped, the lateral and front margin
reflexed ; the dise convex, with a fine carinate line from
the base to the apex, which with the sides is yellow,
as well as the base itself narrowly; the elytra are smoky
fuscous, with the suture and lateral margin very nar-
rowly yellow. Thighs above, tibiz, tarsi, and abdomen
fuscous, with the exception of two luminous transverse
spots on the fifth and sixth segments, the apex of the
pygidium, and seventh or apical segment, which are
yellow. The thorax has two diaphanous spaces at the
front, which are almost joined, and which are quite trans-
lucent, so that the head can be seen through from above.
India; coll. A. E. Hudd, and Gorh.
Diaphanes guttatus, n. sp.
Niger, supra testaceus, thoracis disco ad basin, elytrisque
vittis duabus, paulo distinctis, fuscis.
Long. lin. 53. 3.
revision of the Lampyride. 91
Mas.—Pygidio apice truncato, subsinuato, pallido, seg-
mentis ventralibus duobus penultimis macula flava trans-
versa, apicali toto pallido.
Head very concave between the eyes, which are large
and contiguous in front, as usual in this genus; thorax
with the margin reflexed, and elevated in front, where
there are two diaphanous spaces. Antenne of the length
of the thorax, filiform. Body, legs, and wings fuscous
black.
Bengal ; Mus. Brus. [Guérin].
Diaphanes Javanus, n. sp.
Niger, thorace, femoribus et tribus segmentis ventra-
libus testaceis, his nitidis, marginibus albis ; elytris fuscis,
sutura et marginibus lateralibus conjunctim albido-flavis,
antennis brunncis.
Long. lin. 5 @.
Allied, no doubt, to D. adustus, Mots., but does not
agree in colour with his description. The eyes are very
large ; the thorax has the usual diaphanous spots, and with
the scutellum, coxee, femora, inner side of tibize, pleura of
metasternum, and margins of elytra (excepting at their
base), is pale testaceous yellow.
Java; Mus. Brus. [Guérin].
PyYROC@LIA, genus novum.
Head received into the prothorax, eyes small, or at
most, moderate ; antenne nearly half the body’s length,
compressed, joint 2 very short, 3—10 strongly serrate,
11, small, oval. Thorax as in Diaphanes, front margin
strongly reflexed, sometimes with sub-diaphanous areolets.
The two segments preceding the apical one luminous, the
diaphanous spots transverse, occupying most of the plate,
and eburate. Legs rather long, femora reaching to the
elytral margins. Abdomen with the dorsal segments, with
acute hind angles, produced backwards, sublobate. Pygi-
dium bisinuate, the middle lobe a little prominent.
This genus is superficially very like Diaphanes, the
antenne are very different ; the thorax does not possess
the diaphanous areolets, or in a much less degree. The
eyes are comparatively small.
Lampyris bicolor, Fab., appears to me to belong to
this genus, which seems composed exclusively of Kastern
species, The females are hardly known.
92 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Mr. G. Lewis has assured me that the female of one
species (Foochowensis) is apterous, and I have two females
sent me by Mr. A. Hudd, which I believe belong to an Indian
species ; they are entirely yellowish brown, with the pro-
thorax similar in form to that of P. bicolor, F., but longer,
with reflexed anterior margin; the meso-thoracic plate
above has a fine carina, indicating the scutellum; the dorsal
abdominal plates are obsoletely channelled, not lobed nor
produced backwards at their angles ; ventral plates similar
in form to the dorsal, but with a pleural fold on which the
stigmata are conspicuous.
Length, 183—15 lines.
Pyrocelia is not congeneric with any of Motschulsky’s
divisions, nor, with the exception of bicolor, has there, I
think, been any species described which | can refer to it.
Pyrocelia bicolor, Fab. Syst. El. ii. p. 100 ; Cast. Essai,
p. 148 (Photinus); Munich Cat., p. 1€£5 (Crato-
morphus) ; ‘* Nov. Cambria.”’
Java; Mus. Brus., Gorh. «ec.
Obs.—Lampyris lutescens, Walker, Ann. Nat. Hist.
1858, p. 282, from Ceylon, is, I think, identical with this.
Pyrocelia terminata, n. sp.
Nigra, opaca, prothorace elytrisque brunneo-testaccis, his
apice nigro, illo antice acuminato, margine frontali fortiter
reflexo, areolis parvis diaphanis.
Long. lin. 8. o.
Head and antennz black, mouth testaceous, palpi black
at their apex. Thorax entirely brownish yellow, hind
angles a little produced backwards, acute, lateral margins
sinuate, contracted at the base. LElytra oval, widening
rather quickly from the shoulder, not costate, callus, rather
prominent ; closely punctured, tipped with black. Scutel-
lum and meso-sternum yellow. Body, legs, and wings
smoky-black.
India ; coll. Gorh.
Pyrocelia lateralis, n. sp.
Nigro-fumosa, opaca, prothorace, mesosterno, elytrorum
limbo laterali, suturié tenuissime, scutello, abdominisque
segmentis quinto et sexto flayis.
Long. lin. 74.
revision of the Lampyride. 93
Head black, eyes moderate, antennz of normal length,
i.e. reaching to about the middle of the meta-sternum,
serrate. ‘Thorax rather small and short, without dia-
phanous areolets, base nearly straight, hind angles scarcely
produced. Elytra with a rather wide yellow margin nar-
rowing towards the apex, where it vanishes. Suture very
narrowly yellow at the base.
Ceylon ; coll. Gorham.
Pyrocelia plagiata, n. sp.
Nigro-fusca, opaca, prothorace elytrisque flavis, his
plagia nigro-fumosa, in medio incipiente ad apicem latiore.
Long. lin. 8}. @.
Head and eyes small, retracted within the thorax;
antenne of normal form and length, the joints from the
third, sub-quadrate and not strongly dentate, only a little
acuminate internally. Thorax with the front margin
reflexed, but not strongly, nor with diaphanous areolets ;
hind angles a little acute. Elytra four times the length of
the thorax, the suture and two nervures finely raised, with
a long apical, black plagia commencing in a point about
the middle of the disc and widening till it occupies the
whole apex. Abdomen fuscous black with the exception of
the two diaphanous segments.
Hab. 2—Mus. Brus. India ?
Pyroceelia fumigata, n. sp.
Testacea, capite, antennis, abdominis segmentis tribus,
elytris retrorsum, pedibusque fumeo-nigris.
Long. lin. 8. 2.
Thorax with the front a little raised, plain at the sides
and hind angles, which are right angles but rounded. The
elytra are a good deal rounded at the sides, ovate, with very
slight traces of two coste. Head black, eyes moderate,
antenne about as long as the width of the thorax. Apex
of the abdomen whitish yellow.
Malacca ; Siam; coll. Gorh.
Pyrocelia Foochowensis, n. sp.
Testacea, opaca, sub-parallela, capite, antennis, abdo-
minis segmentis quatuor, pedibus, elytrisque nigro-fuscis ;
his suturaé marginibusque conjunctim, illis femoribus flavis.
hone. lin. 8. &.
94 Rey. H. 8S. Gorham’s materials for a
At first sight similar to Lampyris marginipennis and a
little to Diaphanes limbatus, separable of course from both
by the compressed, serrate antenne. The thorax is much
shorter than in the latter, obsoletely carinate and with
acute angles, the front with two diaphanous areolets. ‘The
elytra are opaque, and the colour of the abdomen will
separate it from marginipennis (in which it is wholly
yellow.)
China, Foochow (Lewis) ; coll. Gorh. Brit. Mus.
Pyrocelia Pekinensis, n. sp.
Nigro-fumosa, thoracis disco abdominique flavis, antennis
thorace duplo longioribus, compressis.
Long. lin. 6. ¢.
Thorax much narrower than the elytra, the margin
entirely fuscous-black, but only finely at the base. Dise
and prosternum yellow. Elytra with the sides sub-parallel.
China; coll. Gorh., Pekin; Brit. Mus.
Lampyris, Geoffroy, Munich Cat. p. 1647.
Type, LZ. noctiluca, Lin.
Lampyris noctiluca, Lin.,—Fab.,—Jacq. Duv. Mon. i. 7,
fig. 2.
Europe ; all collections; rarer in the South and East.
Female with only the attachments of the elytra, and a
scutellar, sulcate, carina.
Lampyris Lareyniet, Jacq. Duv. Mon. 1. 12, fig. 5.
Sardinia ; Corsica; Mus. Brus., Gorh. (Plason), ¢, ?.
Colour paler, and thorax longer than Z. noctiluca, and
with hind angles right instead of acute. @ with very small
rudimentary elytra, and scutellum developed; of a pale
yellow colour.
Lampyris lusitanica, Mots. Etud. Ent. i. p. 19.
5 Raymondi Muls. et Rey. Ann. Soc. Agr.
Lyons, i. p. 222.
France (Hyeres) ; Spain, Portugal ; Gorh. (Plason). ¢.
JT cannot find any satisfactory point of difference in the
males of this and noctiluca ; the female is said to have
small rudiments of elytra.
revision of the Lampyride. 95
Lampyris Bonvouloiri, Jacq. Duv. Mon. ii. p. 101.
Italy ; Gorh. (Plason). ¢.
Lampyris Zenkeri, Germ. Mots. Etud. Ent. iii. p. 17.
BS diluatia, Cast., Guérin Voy. Lefebr. p. 301,
Pie ait.
France (in the south) ; Mingrelia; Mus. Brus. Gorh.
Abyssinia; Mus. Brus. [Guér. Type]. Greece, Athens.
The latter is the locality of L. diluatia, Guérin, on
the type specimen with ticket in his own writing. I think
it is scarcely separable from Zenkeri ; the thorax is a little
more contracted at the base, and the elytra and suture
finely yellow at the margins.
Lampyris Reicher, Jacq. Duv. Mon. i. 13, fig. 6.
e mauritanica, Oliv. 11. 28, p.1, Pl. V., fig. b.c.,
Mun. Cat. 1648.
Spain ; Mus. Brus. gz. [Guer.] Tavira; 9.
I have not seen any specimens of this from the African
coast, and I very much doubt the correctness of the
synonymy. The female is similar to that of mawritanica,
Lin., but has rudimentary elytra. Ihave not seen specimens
of that species from the European side.
Lampyris mauritanica, Lin. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 645; Fab.
pyat. Hnt. p. 202; Ol. Ent. 1. 28, p. 13, Pl. 1, fig. 5. 9,9.
Algiers; Mus. Brus., Gorh., Chev., Brit. Mus., &c.
Tangiers ; Mus. Brus.
The only female which I can refer without doubt to this
species is from Algiers, and has no rudiments of elytra ;
while females from Spain and Portugal, which I think
referable to Reichei, J. D., have rudimentary elytra, and
a well-developed scutellum. The male has the dorsal seg-
ments of the abdomen with acute, produced hind angles,
especially the two before the last ; the apex is narrow and
rounded.
Lampyris depressiuscula, Mots. Etud, Ent. iu. p. 19.
Circassia ; Mus. Brus.
I have not seen authentic specimens of any of Mots.’
Eastern species, and refer two specimens in Brusse’s
Museum with some doubt to this.
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—part u. (JUNE.) B
96 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Lampyris marginipennis, Bohem. Ins. Caff. 1. 2, 439.
South Africa (Natal, Orange River, &c.); Brit. Mus.,
coll. Gorh., Hudd., &e.
Obs.—All the South African species of this genus which
I have seen have the under side of the body wholly pale
yellow.
Lampyris nigripennis, Bohem. Ins. Caff. 1. 2, 440;
nec Mots.
Js Nigrita Gemm., Mun. Cat. 1648.
South Africa, coll. Gorh., Hudd.
Lampyris Huddi, n. sp.
Flavo-testaceus, elytris fuscis, abdomine dimidio brevi-
oribus, apicem versus attenuatis thoracis margine reflexo,
disco postea bifoveolato.
Long. lin. 7. ¢@.
Very distinct by the abbreviated elytra, which scarcely
cover half the abdomen ; the wings are ample; the first
four segments of the abdomen pale fuscous ; legs yellow,
tibie and tarsi infuscate. Eyes very large, antenne
yellow.
Hab.—India, Bombay ; coll. Hudd.
Lampyris marginella, Hope, Gray Zool. Misc. 26.
India, Nepal ; Brit. Mus. (Zype), coll. Gorh.
Rather referable to Diaphanes than Lamprorhiza. The
form is that of Lampyris, the luminous segments and
transparent areolets of the thorax as in Diaphanes.
Lamproruiza, Jacquelin Duval.
Type, L. splendidula, Lin.
Lamprorhiza splendidula, Lin. Syst. Nat.i. 2, 644.
Europe, France, Belgium, Germany, Austria. Not in
the North. All collections. @, 9.
Obs.—Fifth and sixth segments luminous, eburated in 3;
pygidium rather deeply emarginate.
Lamprorhiza Boieldient, Jac. Duv. Mon. i. 17.
France ; Gorh. (Plason). ¢, 9.
Obs.—Sixth ventral segment with a small luminous spot,
pygidium emarginate in ¢.
revision of the Lampyride. Sh
Lamprorhiza Delarouzeet, Jac. Duy. Mon. i. 18.
France (?), ‘‘ Gabon ;’’ Gorh. (from Chevr.). @.
Obs.—Fifth and sixth segments with irregular brownish-
yellow markings. .
Pygidium deeply emarginate, the middle of the excision
with a triangular lobe.
PHospumnus. Cast. Ann. Fr. 1833, p. 138.
Pygidium in the male deeply cut out, sides of the excision
sinuate, ventral apical plate small, acuminate.
Phosphenus hemipterus, Geoftr.
Europe generally, not in the North. All collections.
Its occurrence in England is at least doubtful.
AmytHetss. Illiger Mag. vi. p. 342.
Pygidium with apex bisinuate.
Amythetes apicalis, Germ. Ins. spec. nov. p. 67; Mots.
Ktud. Ent. 1854, p. 25;
preeusta, Blanch. Voy. d’Orb. Ent. 124 2?
Brazil ; coll. Gorh., without locality.
Amythetes fastigiata, Il. (Indeseript). ?
Picea, nitida, fortius subrugose punctata, scutello,
prothoracis elytrorumque marginibus, et sutura pallidis,
thoracis disco canaliculato angulis posticis acutis.
Long. lin. 5—5}.
The three apical ventral segments are white and eburated,
very shining.
Rio Janciro ; Mus. Brus., coll. Gorh., Bahia ; Gorh.
MecaLorHtHaLmus, Gray, Griff. An. Kingd. I., 371.
Megalophthalmus Benetti, Gray loc. cit.
Columbia ; Brit. Mus. (Type.)
Megalophthalmus costatus, Cast. Essai. p. 162,
obsoletus, Blanch. Voy. d’Orb. 128 ;
Pl. 5 tigead:
Bolivia; Mus. Brus. [Guér. Men. Types. |
H 2
98 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Megalophthalmus collaris, Guérin, Rio. Zool. 1843, p. 18.
Columbia ; Mus. Brus. (Type.)
Obs.—Resembles an Amythetes, but the antennz are
eleven jointed, with equal lamelle, and are not more than
twice the length of the head and thorax. ‘The elytra are
pitchy black, with slightly raised nervures. The thorax is
pale, tubercularly elevated on each side of the disc,
miniate; scutellum pale, whitish. The abdomen of the
type is gone.
Megalophthalmus marginatus, Guérin, Wien. Verzeich.
Vopsore:
Columbia ; Mus. Brus. (Type.)
Megalophthalmus melanurus, Cast. Essai, 131.
Peru ; coll. Gorh. [Norris]. Chili; Mus. Brus.
Obs.—This species does not belong to the genus ; it will,
T think, come near Lucidota. Ihave only seen two speci-
mens, which vary in size, one being 3, the other 5 lines in
length.
Megalophthalmus Guatemale, n. sp.
Niger, opacus, elytris tricostatis, costis duabus exte-
rioribus ad apicem conjunctis, prothorace fulvo, disco
carinato, utrinque tuberculato, margine elevato. Scutello
flavo.
Long. lin. 33—4. @.
Allied to AZ, costatus, Cast., differs in being more linear;
in having the disc of the thorax scarcely darker, not in-
fuscate ; by the antenne being quite black, as well as the
legs (with the exception of the anterior cox, which are
yellow). The first costa on the elytra terminates rather
more than one-third from the apex, the second and third
(the humeral one) coalesce shortly before the apex, which
the single branch reaches, in which respect this species
differs from costatus or obsoletus, but resembles collaris,
with the exception that the apical branch is there very
short and evanescent. I am not able to decide certainly
which is the luminous segment, but it seems to be the
fifth ; it is reddish brown at the base and eburated white at
its apical margin. The pygidium is lobed at the sides,
rounded at the apex.
Guatemala, Zapote ; coll. Godman and Salyin.
revision of the Lampyride. 99
Lucioia, Castelnau, Ann. Fr. 1833, p. 146.
Type L. Ltalica, Lin.
Sexual distinctions not apparent in the European species ;
at least all the specimens I have examined have only six
ventral plates, and may be all female. In the Eastern
species seven ventral plates are clearly distinguishable. In
ovalis, Hope, the three apical in the male are luminous,
and are yellow, glabrous, diaphanous; the fifth is short;
the sixth nearly twice the length of the fifth, and has a
deep longitudinal line giving it the appearance of being
cleft. The apical is produced in the middle. The female
has six ventral plates, the two last diaphanous, the apical
longer than in the male, but similarly produced.
Luciola Italica, Lin. Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 645.
Europe, Italy. All collections.
Luciola lusitanica, Charp. Hor. Ent. p. 194,
italica, Fab.
Europe, Mediterranean district, Portugal (Cintra), Mus.
Brus.; Southern Italy, Corfu, Plason ; most collections.
Luciola mingrelica, Ménétr. Cat. rais. p. 161,
mehadiensis, Fald., Dej., Jacq. Duy., &c.
Hungary ; [Plason]. Asia Minor, shores of Black
Sea, &c. ; coll. Gorh., Lagodiche ; Mus. Brus.
Obs.-—Very nearly allied to lusitanica, blacker elytra,
with more distinct nervures.
Luciola greca, Cast. 1. ¢. 147.
Syria, Mus. Brus., Constantinople.
Luciola discicollis, Cast. 1. ¢. p. 147.
mendax, Dej. Cat.
Senegal ; Mus. Brus.
Luciola puncticoltis, Cast. 1. ¢. p. 148.
Senegal ; Mus. Brus., coll. Gorh.
Obs.—Castelnau distinguishes the sexes, remarking that
the males have two, the females three luminous segments.
As the body beneath is wholly yellow I cannot follow this
distinction.
100 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Luciola Caffra, Boh. Ins. Caff. i. 2, p. 445 ?
Zambesi ; coll. Gorh.
Two specimens doubtfully referred to this; the elytra are
pitchy and margins and suture testaceous, they are scarcely
costate.
Luciola Goudoti, Cast. 1. ¢. p. 150,
Cribricollis, Klug. Ins. Mad. 1833, p. 69.
Madagascar ; Mus. Brus., [Guérin]; coll. Gorh.
Luciola Madagascariensis, Guér. Mag. Zool. 1830, t. 22.
+ Madgascar ; coll. Gorh.
Lnciola plagiata, Erichs. Noy. Act. Ac. Cur. xvi. 2, p. 2381?
Philippine Isles; coll. Gorh.
Luciola vespertina, Fab. Syst. El. i, p. 103.
India, Assam ; coll. Gorh.
Sexual characters are visible here. Fabricius describes
the male, in which two segments are white, the apical
almost semicircular; in the female the eyes are much ~
smaller and the subapical ventral plate deeply cut out.
The species which I refer to this is about six lines in
length; the thorax is transverse and its hind angles pro-
duced and acute; the basal portion of the abdomen is
infuscate in the female. A species in my own collection
and in that of the Brussels Museum from Madras, Bombay
and Bengal, differs in being smaller (three and a half to
four lines); the thorax is not so wide and its angles are
nearly right; while a third species, from Malacca and
Madras, is much smaller and has the elytra obliquely
truncate at the apex.
I propose, then, provisionally to separate the various
species which are allied to, and rather closely resemble
vespertina, F., as follows :—-
1. Vespertina, Fab. Head black, prothorax channelled
in both sexes, elytra very closely punctured but not striate,
one or two nervures visible, anterior tibiz dark, middle
pair infuscate in part, hind pair yellow.
2. Substriata, n. sp. Head black, prothorax with a
fine raised medial line, elytra closely punctured, with the
punctures becoming arranged in rows, nervures not dis-
tinguished, but the interstices a little raised. Tibiz all
yellow.
Bombay.
revision of the Lampyride. 101
3. Affinis, n. sp. Very near No. 1. Smaller and hind
angles of thorax not produced, elytra punctured as in No.
1, but two nervures more clearly visible, prothorax chan-
nelled. ‘Tibix as in No. 1.
Madras [Murray], Bombay, Bengal, Mus. Brus.
4, Malacce, n. sp. Smaller and more parallel than
either of the preceding, thorax scarcely wider than long,
channelled, hind angles right but rounded off a little, sixth
ventral segment in the 2? with a deep circular emargina-
tion of each side, the portion between lobed and curved
upward to meet the pygidium, its own apex being angularly
emarginate. The apical margin and central lobe have
rather long cilie of grey pile. Four specimens from
Malacca in my collection agree with the description above,
while two from Madrashave the eyes smaller ; one of them
having the same curious structure of the abdomen, the
other having seven ventral segments, the sixth widely
emarginate, the seventh small, with a central lobe ex-
cised at its apex, of the same form and ciliated as in the ? ?
5. Chinensis, Lin. Syst. Nat. I. 2, p. 645? This is
certainly very close to No. 2, but the thorax has more
distinct hind angles, and is channelled, not with any raised
line; the tibiz are black except at their extreme base, and
the apex of the elytra with a very small black spot.
Foochow [Lewis]; coll. Gorh.
6. Preusta, Escholtz. Antenne yellow, thorax chan-
nelled, elytra very obsoletely punctured and with hardly
any trace of nervures.
Philippine Isles, Manilla; Mus. Brus. ?? coll. Gorh. ¢?
Obs.—The 3 has the sixth seg. excised, the seventh
acuminate.
Luciola tabida, n. sp.
Pallide testacea, antennis’ articulo basali excepto, ely-
trorum apice tarsisque infuscatis, thoracis angulis pos-
terioribus rectis, basi depresso submarginato.
Long. lin. 5. 2.
Head yellow, eyes small, received into the prothorax.
Klytra clothed with a fine white pile, apex with an inde-
terminate fuscous spot. The subapical segment of the
abdomen is emarginate, the segment preceding margined
with black.
Fernando Po; coll. Gorham [ Waterhouse].
102 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Luciola pallescens, n. sp.
Pallide testacea capite, antennis, tibiis anticis tarsisque
fuscis, thorace perbrevi, disco convexo angulis posticis
productis, acutis, maculis tribus una discoidali, duabus
basalibus, et margine frontali piceis, elytris crebre punc-
tatis apicem versus attenuatis, pube griseo tenuiter vestitis.
hones hin.s- Gse
Mas.—Abdominis segmento ventrali apicali semicir-
culari.
Femina.—Segmento sexto profunde exciso, septimo
bicarinato.
Readily recognised by its large size and depressed form ;
the antenne in the male are about half the body’s length.
The last three segments are shining, and paler than the
rest of the abdomen, and are no doubt the luminous
portion.
Java; 3 coll. Gorh.; % Mus. Brus. [Dr. A. Breyer].
Luciola costipennis, n. sp.
Flavo-testacea, capite, antennis, pedibus (femorum basi
exceptis), apiceque, nigris, elytris costa humerali distincta,
ad apicem fere provectia.
Long. lin. 3.
Clear testaceous yellow, about the size of L. Goudoti,
thorax transverse subquadrate, a little narrowed at the
anterior angles, channelled, hind angles very slightly
produced backwards; deeply punctured, but not so coarsely
as the elytra, in which the punctures are large, ocellated,
and sometimes confluent; the humeral costa is very raised,
and divides the elytron into two flat ares; the suture and
margin are both raised.
China, Foochow [G. Lewis]; coll. Gorh.
Obs.—This species belongs to the vespertina group, but
is so easily distinguished by its costate elytra I have
thought it better to keep it separate.
Luciola picticollis, Kiesenwetter.
Lewis, Cat. Col. Japan, 1204.
Japan [G. Lewis]; coll. Gorh.
Obs.—E. von Harold, Deuts. Ent. Zeit. 1877, p. 357,
says both this and the following = cruciata Mots. They
are however distinct from each other, and it is scarcely
revision of the Lampyride. 103
likely that either =a species which is from Java. There are,
moreover, discrepancies between picticollis and cruciata in
the description given by Mots. The femora in the
Japanese species are not yellow at the base, and the length
of Mr. Lewis’s species is 7 lines. The male has the
abdomen as in cructata, sec. Mots. The female has the
fifth and sixth segments yellow and short, the apical very
small and black.
Mr. Lewis includes preeusta, Esch. Kies ?, cruciata,
Mots., lateralis, Mots., and gaponica, Thun., as separate
species occurring in Japan, in his catalogue. There is
evidently some error here. The latter is given as synony-
mous with chinensis, Lin. in the Munich catalogue.
Luciola vitticollis, Kies. Lewis, Cat. Coll. Jap. 1205.
Three and a half lines long, more opaque than the pre-
ceding; thorax even, not channelled, rosy, with a broad
vitta, widest at the apex and base.
Japan [Lewis]; coll. Gorh.
Luciola ovalis, Hope, Gray’s Zool. Mise. 1831,
circumdata, Mots. Etud. Ent. ii. 1854, p. 50.
The singular structure of the abdomen has been noticed
in the prefatory remarks on the genus, p. 99.
India; coll. Hudd, Gorh., &c., Assam; Mus. Brus.,
Brit. Mus. 6,9.
Luciola indica, Mots. Etud. Ent. i., p. 53.
India ; Andaman Isles; coll. Gorh.
Bombay ; Mus. Brus. [Guérin].
Luciola xanthura, nu. sp.
Elongata, depressa, sordide testacea, sutura apiceque
elytrorum flavis, capite nigro, antennis, thoracis disco,
abdomineque fuscis, hoc segmentis duobus apicalibus maris
albis, eburatis.
Long. lin. 3. 3.
Thorax with the base truncate, hind angles right, disc
strongly punctured ; elytra obsoletely punctured, nervures
visible, but faint.
India, Neilgherry Hills; Mus. Brus. [Guerin].
104 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Luciolu carinata, un. sp.,
striata Lat. ? Dej. Cat. nec. Fab.
Feruginea, elytris flavis, interstitiis fusco-irroratis punc-
tato-striatis, sutura, lineis quatuor, et margine elevatis,
antennis (basi excepto), thoracis disco, maculis duabus,
abdominis segmento quarto ad marginem, tarsisque nigris.
Long. lin. 5.
This species may be at once known by the orange-yellow
colour, the two distinct spots on the middle of the thorax,
and the singular evenly carinate elytra. The suture and
two first carinze are moderately raised; the two second pale
lines start from the raised humeral callus, but are scarcely
elevated lower down; all the lines unite with the pale
margin of the base, but only the suture and margin are
connected at the apex. The ventral apical plate is long,
and somewhat triangular, with a fovea on each side at the
base, and a pale triangular spot in the middle of the base.
Java; Mus. Brus. [Guérin].
Luciola australis, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 201.
Very close to indica, Mots. The only difference I can
see being that the tibiz are black, and that the suture and
margins are not inclined to be pale, as in some specimens
of indica.
Port Denison ; Mus. Brus. [Simson].
Luciola spectralis, n. sp.
Supra pallide flavo-testacea, capite sordide flavo, an-
tennis, thorace maculis duabus magnis, elytrorum apice
latius, corpore pedibusque nigris, his basi, illo segmentis
quinto et sexto flavis.
Long. lin. 54 ¢ 2
Thorax obsoletely channelled, clothed with yellow pile,
hind angles acute, scarcely produced. Elytra with four
cost. The black colour of the apex not very pronounced,
and the yellow extends along the suture and margin.
Punctuation of the elytra close but distinct, the pile very
short but close.
New Zealand; coll. Gorham. A single specimen.
Luciola discoidea, un. sp.
gratiosa Dej. Cat.
Sordide fusea; thorace flavo, disco late nigro, capite,
abdominisque basi nigris, elytris fuscis flavocinctis.
Long. lin. 3: ob, 9.
revision of the Lampyride. 105
Head black, antenne of half the length of the body,
fuscous, thorax closely subrugosely punctured, transversely,
subquadrate, front angles rounded, hind angles sub-acute,
base sinuate.
The male has the two apical, the female the sub-apical
ventral plates white, shining, and diaphanous.
Senegal ? ; coll. Gorham.
Obs.—I am not sure of the locality; this species may
be the same as discicollis, Cast.
Puoturis, Leconte, Proc. Ac. Phil. vy. 337.
Type, P. pennsylvanica, De Geer.
The determination of the species of this genus is attended
with almost as much difficulty as those of Photinus. The
adoption of Dejean’s catalogue names is one principal
cause of the confusion that exists. Motschulsky gives
hectica, Fab., as the type of Photuris, Dej. No doubt it
would have been well if Leconte had taken one of the
larger tropical species for a type; but it is more than
doubtful if Dejean’s reference of hectica was correct, for
I do not think it possible to join his biguttata with it.
Hence I think it necessary to consider the North American
species the type. I think the best plan is to reject the
Dejeanian names altogether. I give references to his
names for the sake of those collections that have them,
but it must be uncertain whether they refer to the same
species or not. It must ever be a misfortune to have had
them at all.
The genus will divide into sections by the structure of
the claws : Sec. I.—Claws simple. Sec. 1[.—Claws split in
the male, simple in the female. Sec. Hil.—External claw
split. Sec. [V.—All the claws split.
All these agree in having a Telephoroid aspect. The
head is exserted, the elytra very soft, and apt to curl up
when dry ; the thorax, however, is, unlike that of Tele-
phoride, semicircular, with hind angles usually produced,
and the diaphanous segments are very conspicuous and
white. In Sec. I. I cannot discover the sexual distinction,
unless it is in some species in which one sex has only a
luminous spot on the fifth plate, the other the whole of
the fifth and sixth luminous. In Secs. II. and III. the
males have larger eyes, and the apical ventral plate pro-
duced into a long acuminate lobe, reaching the apex.
106 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Sec. I.—Claws simple, a luminous spot, or two segments
luminous.
Photuris hectica, Fab. Syst. El. 11. 102.
The species I refer to this is testaceous above, with
black head and abdomen, one luminous spot; the legs,
antenne, and three spots on the thorax are also black. This
is the only species I have seen at all agreeing with the
Fabrician description.
Brazil ; coll. Gorham.
Photuris moesta, Germ. Ins. spec. nov. 65.
Black, a little shining, lateral margin of elytra termi-
nating before the apex, white; head, crown, and mouth
black, yellow below antenne, pleure of the prothorax and
reflexed margin of elytra yellow. One yellow spot on
fifth, or middle of fifth, and whole of sixth segment yellow.
Pygidium and ventral apex entire, acuminate, in some
specimens with one spot, the ventral apex is notched. ??
Brazil ; Rio Grande, coll. Gorh., Mus. Brus.
Photuris tristissima, n. sp.
limbata, Dej.?
Very nearly allied to moesta, and perhaps not distinct ;
chiefly distinguished by having the margin pale to the
apex, and the suture and lateral margin of the thorax pale.
It is duller, and rather fuscous than black. ‘The fifth seg-
ment in the d ? is often wholly white as well as the sixth.
Brazil ; coll. Gorh. Rio Janeiro, Mus. Brus.
Obs.—The thorax has sometimes two red spots, very
distinct examples of which are biguttata, Dej.
Photuris fumosa, n. sp.
aurita, De}.
Oblongo-ovata, nigro-fumosa, opaca, thorace lunari
angulis posticis acutis, productis, thorace plagis duabus
capite infra oculos, et antennarum articulis tribus subtus
pallide flavis.
Long. lin. 6—7.
Var.—Flytris vittis duabus sub-marginalibus flavis
biplagiata, Dej.
Brazil; coll. Gorh., and Olivier. [Chevr.]
Obs.—A spot on the 5th, and in the var, one on the
6th segment also, luminous. ? 2
revision of the Lampyridee. 107
Photuris telephorina, Perty Del. An. Art. p. 27,
Pl. VI, fig. 3.
A well-known, rather variable species. I have a variety
(dimidiata) in which the apex of the elytra only is black ; a
spot on the 5th and 6th segments, or the whole of those
plates are luminous.
Brazil ; all collections.
Src. [].—Claws split in the ¢, simple in the female.
Photuris collaris, n. sp.
Nigerrima, sub-nitida, thorace lunari, ore, antennis
articulis duobus basalibus lete rufis, pedibus nigropiceis
femoribus anterioribus et intermediis brunneis.
Long. lin. 5—7}. 3, 2?
The two sub-apical in the male, and the three apical
segments in the female are whitish yellow; the sixth
emarginate, and the apical notched in the @.
Zapote, Guatemala; coll. Godman and Salvin. Q.
Mexico; Mus. Brus. 2.
Photuris rujicollis, n. sp.
Nigra, thorace lunari, scutello, coxis et trochanteribus
anticis rufis.
Long. lin. 53. 9.
Very nearly allied to collaris ; the scutellum is red, the
thorax more rounded at the sides, and more opaque than
in that species.
In the specimen in my collection, a spot common to the
fifth and sixth segments is luminous.
Hab.— 2? Coll. Gorh.
Photuris lucidicollis, n. sp.
Fusea, elytris marginibus et sutura, interdum etiam
vitta discoidali, dilutioribus, thorace lunari margine pal-
lido, disco piceo, canaliculato, utrinque roseo-miniato,
angulis posticis acutis retrorsum productis.
fhone lini, ad 52:
Mas.—Segmentis tribus ventralibus apicalibus albis,
apicali parvo, medio acuminato producto; unguiculis fissis.
108 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s materials for a
Femina.—Segmento ventrali apice exciso, nigro, ungui-
culis simplicibus.
Var.—FElytris nigro-fuscis margine toto tenuiter flavo,
corpore nigro.
This species, especially the vaz., bears some resemblance
to Photinus cincticollis, Chev. The form of the thorax
and its acute hind angles afford a ready distinction.
Guatemala, Duenas, Capetillo; Costa Rica; coll. God-
man and Salvin.
Obs.—The specimen from Capetillo is the dark var. of
the 9.
The Costa Rica specimen has the ventral apex pale, as
the ¢.
Photuris mexicana, n. sp.
Fumeo-nigra, thorace pallide flavo, disco nigro utrinque
roseo, antennarum basi, femoribus et tiblis anticis intus, et
ore pallidis.
Long. lin. 9. " G, 9
Mas.—Segmentis apicalibus tribus, flavis vel roseis ;
apicali acute producto ; unguiculis fissis.
Femina.—Segmentis tribus apicalibus flavis, apice ex-
ciso; unguiculis simplicibus.
Mexico ; coll. Gorham, Hudd, and Chevr. [Boucard.]
Photuris ameena, i. sp.
Nigro-fusca, thorace rufo, disco nigro, margine pallido,
pectore pedibusque pallide flavis, his genubus, tarsis, et
tibiarum apicibus fuscis ; elytrorum sutura tenuiter, mar-
gine laterali latius flavis.
Long. lin. 4—5. , 2.
Mas.—Unguiculis externis fissis, segmento quinto et
sexto lete flavis, eburatis, apicali acute producto.
Femina.— Unguiculis simplicibus, segmento quinto
macula albido-flava eburato, sexto et apicali excisis, rufis.
Guatemala, St. Geronimo, and Guatemala City; coll.
Godman and Salvin.
Obs.—This has a superficial likeness to P. frontalis,
Lec., but besides having simple claws in the ?, the head
is black, and it is abundantly distinct.
vevision of the Lampyride. 109
Sec. III.—External claw split in both sexes.—a. One or
two segments luminous.
Photuris latefascia, Mots. Etud. Ent. iii. p. 61.
annuliventris, Dej.
cinctiventris, Chev. Guér. 9.
In the male ¢éwo segments, in the female one, before
the apical are white and luminous; the structural characters
of the apex are as usual in this genus.
Columbia; Mus. Brus., coll. Gorh.
Photuris axillaris, Mots. Etud. Ent. i. p. 61.
If I am right in my reference, this is very like late-
fascia in form and details, but the elytra are nearly
black, only the middle of the suture and margin being
yellow.
Columbia; Mus. Brus. .
Photuris scutellata, n. sp.
Nigra, thorace elytrorumque dimidio basali rufo-ferru-
gineis, his macula scutellari nigra.
Kone: lin. 6. 2g, 2.
Mas.—Segmentis quinto et sexto late flavis, apicali
nigro, acute producto.
Femina.—Segmento quinto albido, apice leviter exciso.
Columbia; Mus. Brus. [Guérin], coll. Gorh.
Obs.—This species is labelled ‘‘lycoides’’ in my collection
from Norris. It is not lycoides, Cast. Essai. Ann. Soc.
Ent. Fr, 11, 145.
Photuris funestis, n. sp.
Nigerrima, thorace rufo maculé basali_ transversa,
angulis posticis acutiusculis, margine laterali reflexo,
elytris quintuplo breviore.
ouge tin. 6. dy 2
Mas.—Segmentis quinto et sexto lete flavis, emarginatis;
apicali nigro, acute producto.
Femina.—Segmento quinto albido.
Columbia ; Mus. Brus. [Guérin].
Of similar form with the three preceding species, which
all have the thorax very small compared with the length
and amplitude of the elytra; the eyes of the males are
rather large and prominent; the luminous segments are
particularly conspicuous, and not clouded in either sex.
110 Rey. H. 8, Gorham’s materials for a
Sec. [II1.—b. Three segments luminous.
Photuris pennsylvanica, De Geer. Ins. iv., p. 52.
This species, or very closely-allied varieties which I am
not at present able to separate, has a very extended range,
from Canada to the equator. Specimens of the typical
form have the elytra dark fuscous brown with pale margins,
suture, and a single vitta starting from the humerus and
varying in length. This form appears to be Telephoroides
vittigera, Mots.
Canada, Montreal, Quebec, &ce.; U.S. Michigan, Penn-
sylvania, &c. ; Guatemala, Zapote ; all collections.
Var.—a. Elytra nigro-picea, margine et sutura tantum
flavis. 7. lineatocollis, Mots., Quebec. Mus. Brus.,
** Am. bor.’’; coll. Gorh.
Var.—f. Latior, pallidior, elytris striga pallida inter-
vittam humeralem et suturam, alteraque ante marginem.
Mexico; Mus. Brus., coll. Gorh., Guatemala, Zapote,
Capetillo, San Geronimo ; Nicaragua, Chontales ; Costa
Rica; British Honduras, Rio Sarstoon ; coll. Godman and
Salvin.
Var.—y. Elytris totis fuscis.'
Antilles ; Mus. Brus.
Var.—é. Minor, elytris et thorace sordide fuscis.
Antilles ; Mus. Brus.
Var.—e. Tota pallida, elytris vittis et marginibus egre
distinctis, dilutioribus.
Columbia; Mus. Brus., Guiana; Demerara; Costa
Rica; coll. Gorh., Panama; Chiriqui; coll. Godman and
Salvin.
The male has larger eyes, two segments before the apical
eburated, yellowish, and emarginate ; the apical produced
but not spiniform.
Photuris frontalis, Leconte Proc. Ac. Phil. v., p. 337, 1852.
United States, Texas. ¢ coll. Gorh.
Thorax coarsely punctuate, hind angles scarcely pro-
duced, male with the two subapical segments deeply emar-
ginate, head yellow.
revision of the Lampyride. ig Gis
Photuris fruticola, Escholtz. Mots. Etud. Ent. iii., p. 60,
tibialis De}.
trivialis Bohem. Res. Eugen. 1858, p. 77:
Guatemala, Zapote; coll. Godman and Salvin, Brazil ;
Parana ; coll. Gorh., Monte Video; Mus. Brus. 6, 2.
Thorax shining, immaculate ; the elytra vary in depth
of colour, the head is usualy black, or partly so.
Photuris mollis, n. sp.
Sordide livida, capite, antennis, tibiis, tarsis, thoracis
disco, elytrisque fuscis his margine, in medio latius, et
sutura tenuiter pallidis.
Long. lin. 383—4. 3,2.
Head with the concave crown black, becoming testaceous
towards the mouth; antenne fuscous except at their
insertion, prothorax shining, obsoletely punctured, the disc
pitchy, base sinuate, hind angles hardly produced ; elytra
of a dull leaden hue, finely pubescent, not much wider than
the prothorax ; cox and femora pale; the margin of the
fourth and the three following ventral segments entirely
whitish. Sexual characters normal.
Guatemala, Zapote ; coll. Godman and Salvin.
Photuris brunnipennis, Jacq. Duv. Hist. Cubee, vil., p. 89.
Cuba; coll. Chevrolat [now Olivier], who sent me the
3. Resembles fruticola, but more pubescent, and head
yellow ; the suture and margins are widely testaceous in
their middles.
Ssc. [V.—All the claws split (in both sexes ?)
I have not seen a female of the only species known to
me in this section. The male has the apical segment
acutely produced, the fifth and sixth are yellow, eburated,
and with the punctiform stigmata distinct.
Photuris lividipennis, Mots. Etud. Ent. ii., p. 58.
Brazil? coll. Gorh. [Norris.] ¢.
TRANS. ENT. SOC, 1880.—PaRT 11, (JUNE.) T
112 Rev, H. S, Gorham’s revision of the Lampyride.
EXPLANATION OF Prats I.
In all tho figures a is the dorsal, and b the ventral surface of the apex
of the abdomen,
1, Lamprocera Latreillei, Kirby. 3.
» 2. Hyas denticornis, Germ., g and ?.
» 3 Cladodes flabellicornis, J/ots, Sex uncertain.
» 8a. Cladodes lamellicornis, Mots, Sex uncertain.
» 4. Phenolis laciniatus, Gorham. 4? cc, ventral apical plate
enlarged,
5. Vesta Chevrolatii, Cast. 3.
5 6. Lucernula fenestrata, Germ.
7, J®thra concolor, Gorham. Sex uncertain, ventral.
8. Lucidota flabellicornis, Fab. ¢.
,, 9. Alychnus xanthorrhaphus, Kirsch, g and 9.
» 10. Lucidota apicalis, Gorh. 3
», ll. Lucidota discolor, Gorh, ¢
,. 12. Photinus coruseus, Lin, g and 9, ventral.
,, 18. Photinus longipennis, Mots, g a andc, ? ventral.
», 14. Pyreetomena striatella, Gorh, fg and 2 ventral
» 15. Cratomorphus giganteus, Drury. g and ?.
» 16. Cratomorphus diaphanus, Grerm.? 92.
5, 17. Cratomorphus bifenestratus, Gorh, 9.
», 18. Cratomorphus insignis, Gorh, ¢.
» 19. Hyas angularis, Gorh. (Chev.).
» 20. Alychnus xanthorrhaphus, Kirsch. 9.
The figures are all a little enlarged,
113 )
IX. On two Gynandromorphous specimens of Cirrochroa
Aoris, Doubleday, an Indian species of Nympha-
lideous Butterflies. By J. O. Wusrwoop, M.A.,
PLS.’ &e,
[Read April 7th, 1880. ]
Puate II.
Tue term Gynandromorphism was first applied by M.
Lacordaire to supersede in entomology that of Herma-
phroditism, the latter term being more strictly applicable
only to those animals in which the generative organs of
both sexes are normally included in the same individual,
but which, nevertheless, require the presence of a second
individual of the same species to effect the joint impregna-
tion of the two individuals. In insects, gynandromorphous
specimens, partaking abnormally of the character of both
sexes, are generally bilateral ; the sexual distinctive charac-
ters (which are for the most part in these instances the
secondary ones) of one sex being exhibited on one side of
the body and its organs, and the peculiarities of the oppo-
site sex being seen on the other half of the insect. Of this
bilateralism many instances have been recorded, and most
extensive collections can boast of the possession of one or
more of such ‘‘ half-and-half ’’ monsters. Here the gynan-
dromorphism may be termed complete, but specimens of far
greater rarity, in which the abnormality is only partial (of
which no notice occurs in any of the hitherto published
introductions or general works on the science), are now
known; and in my Thesaurus Entomologicus I collected
together a number of instances in which, whilst the body
of the insect appears to be unisexual, the partial sexual
divarication is confined entirely to the secondary sexual
characters, exhibited by one or more of the wings only.
The peculiar import of this strange modification in a
physiological point of view is very difficult to be under-
stood, and from the great rarity of the individuals, and
their small size, we can hardly hope to obtain specimens
sufficient for the necessary examination of the characters
of the primary and internal sexual organs.
TRANS. ENT. soc, 1880.—PaRT 1. (JUNE.) 12
114 Prof. J. O. Westwood on two Gynandromorphous
The specimens exhibiting this partial gynandromorphism
hitherto observed, belong, for the most part, to the Diurnal
Lepidoptera, in which the sexual variation in the markings
and coloration of the wings quickly catches the eye.
Doubtless, however, they are more numerous than has
hitherto been supposed. But they are of course liable to
be overlooked in the vast multitude of species of all orders
where the external sexual distinctions are not conspicuously
distinct.
The individuals figured in the 35th plate of my Thesaurus
Entomologicus (in addition to Mr. George Semper’s speci-
men of Papilio Pollux figured in the Wiener Ent. Mo-
natschr. Bd. vil. pl. xix., from India) are Pieris Pyrrha in
Mr. Hewitson’s collection, in which the pair of wings on
the left side and the anterior right wing are male, whilst
the hind right wing exhibits a mixture of the female
brightly-coloured markings, especially towards the outer
angle. Several specimens of Huchloe Cardamines are
figured, in which patches of the male orange colour appear
on one of the wings, otherwise female ; specimens also of
Anthocharis Evippe, Gonepteryx Rhamni, Siderone Isi-
dore, Hipparchia Semele, Morpho Sulkowskyi, Polyom-
matus Adonis, and Lusiocampa quercus are described and
figured together with a specimen of Caulepteryx Virgo, in
which the right hand fore wing is irregularly marked with the
sexual colours. The specimen of Hipparchia Semele, in
Mr. F. Bond’s cabinet, in size and general appearance, as
well as in the structure of the fore legs, is a male insect,
but the left fore wing does not exhibit the peculiar rugose
portion of the disc (as seen in the male) to its full extent,
whilst the apical portion is marked as in the female. Mr.
Bond also possesses a male specimen of the same species
of butterfly having the apical half of all the wings marked
as in the female.
In this species of Hipparchia the secondary sexual cha-
racter of the wings is not confined to the colour or markings,
but extends also to the clothing of the wings, the greater
portion of the disc of the fore wing being covered with ordi-
nary shaped oval scales, which are affixed to the wing in little
cups placed transversely in rows at equal distances apart ;
but in the rugose portion of the fore wings (characteristic
of the male) the membrane of the wing is covered quite
irregularly with a vast number of the small cups, the
characteristic male scales, or plumules (as they are termed
by microscopists), occurring in these parts in vast numbers.
specimens of Cirrochroa Aoris. 115
These plumules are either of a very elongated oval form,
or are almost linear, with the surface of the scale, however,
striated, and the apex terminating in a small tuft of very
fine bristles. These scales are implanted in the cups by a
minute bulbous base, from which extends a short, extremely
slender, cylindrical portion. Although, however, occurring
in such vast numbers, these scales are not observed when
the insect is at rest, or dried in a cabinet, the roughness
which is observed in those parts of the wings being pro-
duced by the usual oval scales implanted amongst them,
sticking up as if thrust upwards by the dense mass of male
plumules beneath.
Cirrochrow Aoris, Doubleday and Hewitson Gen. D.
Lep. Pl. XXI., fig. 1, is a handsome butterfly belonging to
the family Nymphalidz, inhabiting Assam, Sylhet, and the
adjacent parts of India, which was sent to me by Major
Jenkins, and of which numerous examples are contained in
the British Museum and Oxford collection. The male has
the upper side of the wings of an uniform orange colour, with
a narrow indistinct oblique stripe across the discoidal cell
of the fore wings, followed by an undulated, slightly defined
narrow line extending obliquely from the costa of the fore
wings to the anal margin of the hind ones; the tip of the
fore wings is black, with a submarginal row of lunules,
which become nearly obliterated towards the posterior
angle, the outer margin being also brown. The hind wings
are marked beyond the middle with an oblique row of small
round blackish spots, the space between the third branch
of the median vein and the discoidal one being without the
spot ; these are succeeded by two rows of narrow dark
lunules parallel with the outer margin, which is also dusky.
On the underside the markings are more varied, the ground
colour of the wings being paler buff, with a subcentral
pearly whitish bar, having an irregular inner and a straight
outer margin; the tip of the fore wings is also whitish, the
rows of lunules of the upper side being but faintly repre-
sented beneath.
The female is much more varied on the upper surface
than the male, the ground colour of the wings being ashy
buff, with all the markings of the male much darker and
better defined, the middle of the wing being traversed by
an irregular pale buff band, edged internally with an angu-
lated blackish line ; the outer margin of the wing and its
markings are also much darker.
Of this species there are two specimens in the British
116 Prof. J. O. Westwood on two Gynandromorphous
Museum collection, which exhibit the two varieties of
gynandromorphism above described. In one of these speci-
mens the gynandromorphism is exactly bilateral, the wings -
on the right side of the insect having the colouring and
markings of the male strongly defined, whilst the wings on
the other left side are those of the female equally strongly
marked. ‘The body is small and shrivelled, having the
appearance of a male, but the fore leg on the left side is
clearly masculine.
The other specimen is clearly a male insect, as it pos-
sesses the brushed fore-legs and the slender body of this
sex, the wings on the left-hand side being also normally
masculine. Those of the right side, on the other hand,
exhibit a singular mixture of the characters of the two
sexes. On the upper side the fore-wing has the costa,
together with a narrow stripe along the fore-margin of the
discoidal cell of bright orange, this colour extending to the
tip of the wing, the outer posterior angle of which has also
broad orange, extending into the space along the apical
margin between the second and third branches of the dis-
coidal cell, which space is further marked by two little
orange dashes near the base, and a single one beyond its
middle. The basal part of the rest of the wing and the
middle extending to the central portion of the apical margin
is marked as in the female. On the hind-wings the
costal portion extending nearly to the discoidal vein is
broadly orange, which colour is also seen occupying a large
portion of the wing from the middle of the outer margin
nearly to the anal angle, extending upwards between the
first and second branches of the median vein to the sub-
costal row of dark lunules. The remainder of the wing is
feminine.
On looking at the insect from beneath, the two right-
hand wings are masculine, whilst the fore-wing on the
opposite side is almost entirely female, with some longi-
tudinal orange streaks along the costa as above, and some
slight orange rather indistinct marks on the external
margin. The hind-wing on this side is curiously divided
in its colours, the costal portion being broadly masculine,
whilst more than half the wing is female.
specimens of Cirrochroa Aoris. 117
EXPLANATION OF Prats II.
Fig. 1. Cirrochroa Aoris, exhibiting partial gynandromorphism of
the wings on the right-hand side of the insect, seen from
above.
». 2. The same specimen, seen from beneath, showing the partial
gynandromorphism confined chiefly to the costal area, and
towards the anal angle of both fore and hind wings.
8. Ctrrochroa Aoris, exhibiting complete gynandromorphism, the
wings on the right side being male, and those on the left
female ; ordinary character of both sexes.
ed
Certs.)
X. A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the
Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia, and
the Vicinity. By F. Du Canz Gopman and OsBert
SALVIN.
(Plates III. and LV.)
[Read July 7th, 1880.]
THERE are few parts of South America the zoology of
which has been less studied than the group of mountains
in the extreme north of Colombia, known as the Sierra
Nevada of Santa Marta. Though visited at rare intervals
by botanical travellers, this district was comparatively un-
touched by any zoologist until Mr. F. A. A. Simons under-
took its exploration ; and reaching his destination early in
1878, is still at work in the country. Of the butterflies he
has sent us from time to time we now proceed to give a list,
with descriptions of such species as appear to us to be new,
adding a few notes on the more interesting known ones.
In the Proceedings of the Geographical Society y for 1879
(pp. 689—694), Mr. Simons has published a description of
the various places visited by him, all of which are shown on
a@ map accompanying his paper.
The Sierra Nevada itself is a group of mountains attain-
ing an elevation of about 18,000 feet above the sea level,
and, as its name implies, has its summit covered with per-
petual snow. The connection between this mountain mass
and the northern spur of the Andes, which passes to the
eastward of it, is made by a range of hills, the height of
which probably does not exceed 1,000 feet, so that the
Nevada itself, and all the higher slopes of the mountain,
are completely isolated from the rest of the Andes, and
- therefore highland forms of species allied to those of the
Andes might be expected to exist in this district. This
Mr. Simons’s collections have proved to be the case, though
we are certainly surprised to find the butterfly fauna so
‘comparatively poor. Still, of the eighty species collected
ost of which are probably peculiar to this restricted area.
most mountain nine appear to be new and undescribed,
r. Simons describes the greater part of the country as
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—parT im. (ocrT.) K
120 Messrs. F. Du Cane Godman and Osbert Salvin’s
open savanna, with but few trees and barren hill-sides, the
forest, of small extent, being restricted to the neighbour-
hood of the mountain called Chinchicua, which reaches an
elevation of 11,000 feet, a little to the southward of the
higher peaks of the Nevada itself. To this scarcity of
forest the poverty of the fauna must in a measure doubtless
be attributed ; but something must also be set down to the
difficulties lying in the way of a collector making any length
of residence in these high regions. We still hope to see
considerable additions to the number of species of butter-
flies of this district, as in those that have already reached
us we trace the elements of a much richer fauna.
Besides working in the Sierra Nevada, Mr. Simons made
an expedition to the southward, and spent some time at a
place called Manaure, situated on the northern spur of the
Andes, at an elevation of 2,700 feet above the sea. Here
he found a much richer fauna, as will be seen from the sub-
joined list. But the peculiar species of the Sierra Nevada
do not appear to extend to this district, the butterfly fauna
being made up of a mixture of Colombian and Venezuelan
forms of considerable range ; with these are intermingled
a few hitherto only known from Central America, and
others we now describe for the first time.
The localities mentioned in the following list are situated
as follows :—
MANAURE.
Elevation, 2,700 feet. <A coffee plantation south-east of
Valle Dupar, on the western slope of the northern spur of
the Andes.
CHINCHICUA AND CHINCHICUA VALLEY.
Not given in Mr. Simons’s map, but doubtless situated
on the slopes of the Chinchicua mountain, which attains an
elevation of 11,000 feet, and is situated on the south side
of the Nevada. The only forests in the Nevada are situated
here.
ATANQUEZ.
Elevation, 2,800 feet. On the south-eastern slope of the
Nevada, six hours’ journey from Valle Dupar.
San SEBASTIAN.
Elevation, 6,700 feet. On the south-western slope of the.
Nevada.
List of Diurnal Lepidoptera. 121
Pursio VIEJO.
Elevation, 3,700 feet. On the southern slope of Mount
Chinchicua.
Vatite Dopar.
Elevation, 700 feet. The principal town of the district,
surrounded by gardens, but situated in a savanna, with no
forests in its immediate vicinity.
San ANTONIO.
Elevation, 3,700 feet. On the north-eastern slope of the
Nevada.
San JOSE.
Elevation, 5,000 feet. On the track from Atanquez to
the Nevada, situated in the valley of the Rio Gua.
Fam., NYMPHALIDS.
Subfam., Danaina.
1. Danaiseresimus,Cram... .. « .. Manaure.
2. Ituna lamirus, Latr. .. .. .«. .. Chinchicua.
3. Lycorea atergatis, Doubl. & Hew. .. Manaure.
4
5
*4, Melinea lilis, Doubl.& Hew. .. .. op
. Aeria agna,Godm. & Salv... .. «. s
6. ,, elara, Hew.. bc op
7. Thyridia edesia, Doubl. & Hew... -
8. Mechanitis macrinussHew... «+ o- of
*9, Ceratinia philidas,n. sp. .. «2 eos p
10. Napeogenes stella, Hew. . 6
aE i cyrianassa, Doubl. & Hew. 5
12. Dircenna euchytma, Helden et ras +6
13. %5 jemima, Hiibn. . Ao ot Fe
14. 53 lenea, Cram...
15. Caloleria tutia, Hew. .. .
16. Leucothyris amalda, Hew. .
Wc , hippodamia . .
*18. “ Ithomia” cymothoe, Hew. 50 95
19. Pteronymia alinda, Feld, .. .. «. Pueblo Viejo.
20. * aletta, Mews: Manaure.
21. Ithomia iphianassa, Doubl. & Hew... Atanquez.
22. ms lagusa, eeweetont ss oe : oF
23. Hypoleria lavinia, Hew. .. .. Manaure.
24, a ocalia, Doubl. & Hew. .. Atanquez.
*25. “ Ithomia” giulia, Hew. .. .. ~- Manaure, Valle Dupar.
26. Pseudoscada utilla. Hew. .. .. «. Manaure.
: 56 7
5 oo oo AimmGeEy.
asco co Wirimevonrey
”
Subfam., SaTyRINa».
27, Tisiphone maculata, Hopff... .. Manaure.
28. Huptychia ocirrhoe, Faby. .. «+ .. San Antonio.
29, labe, Butl. ‘ccc eoteeteiVallesDupar,
30, ‘ terrestris, Butl., var. 40 55
K 2
122 Messrs. F. Du Cane Godman and Osbert Salvin’s
31. Euptychia saturnus, Butl. ..
-. . Atanquez,
*32. . oreba, Butl... ..... .. Manaure.
33. 6 camenta, Cram: is. 50) tee 6
34. 3 batesi. Buble se) 90 oS
*35e 3 MGR MBI 55 06 oo »
36. 53 herse, Cram. slo turefet UietoueALATICUCZ.
37. 5 ebusa, Cram. .. .. .. Manaure.
38. lineata, n. sp. 2 BO 0% sp
39. Taygetis andr omeda, CrAM ss onto) aes ¥
40, - virgilia, Cram. aC F Pe
Chinchicua,and between
*41, Lymanopoda ceruleata, 0. 8p. ++ San Sebastian, and
Atanquez,
*42, Pedaliodes polywo, 0. 8p. «. .. ee ‘
¥*43. 45 leucocheilus, ND. Sp. -. «. 6
44, % piletha, Hew. .. «. oe “1
AB, - manis, Feld. dq) 00 do | Sines Suan ees
46. a symmachus,D. Sp. +. oe ”
*47, tyrrheus,D. Sp... ee -
48. Pn onophila thelebe, Doubl. & Hew. aie
49, Lasiophila zapatosa, Westw. oo 39
50. Corades medeba, Hew. ee « «- San Sebastian,
Subfam., Morpuinm.
*51. Morpho rhodopteron, n. sp... .. +. Pueblo Viejo.
52. » peleides, Koll... .. .- .«- Manaure, Atanquez,
Subfam., Brassouina”.
53. Opsiphanes tamarinde, Feld. .. .. Manaure, Atanquez.
54, bogota nus, Dist... 00 00 ~
55. Caligo telamonius, Feld. .. .. «- Manaure,
56. EHuryphanes automedon, Cram, .. «. ”
Subfam., AcR#INE.
57. Acrea anteas, Doubl. & Hew... .. {Pueblo Viejo, Manaure,
Atanquez.
58. » acipha, Hew. .. .. « ++ San Antonio.
Subfam., Hentconinm.
59. Heliconius metalilis, Butl. .. .. «. Manaure, Atanquez.
60. ; melpomene, Linn, .. «. Pueblo Viejo.
61. . erato, Linn. ve oe een se ianaure:
62. 5 clysonymus Latr. oh 08 eee
63. 3 charitonia, Linn. .. .. Manaure. ; :
64. os eleuchia, Hew. ce clot 1 eR San Sebastian
and Atanquez.
65. aranea, Faby. .. .. «. Manaure.
66. Eueides aliphera, Godt. 56 oa 08 %
67. » cleobea, "Hiibn. Ae ag. fos ”
*68, yy edvas, Hew. <0 es) eel rt valle Dupar:
List of Diurnal Lepidoptera.
123
Subfam., NymMpHaALina.
Colenis julia, Fabry. .. «2 ‘ee
Agraulis juno,Cram. .. .. --
. glycera, Feld. aq 00
An moneta, Hiibn. .. «-
9 vanille, Linn, .. «-
Euptoieta hegesia,Cram, .. «+
Microtia elva, Bates .. «2 +
Phyciodes claudina, Eschsch. ..
a drusilla, Feld. .. «-
” catenarius, D. Sp. sie
” castianirvad,D. BP. ee
Wee Gv co op on oF
7 perlula, Feld. .. «.
oD Ieucodesma, Feld.
HPresia eranites, ree Ate oe
i drypetis, 8 Sees Go
: myit, Hew. 50. 0
Synchloe narva, Faby. .. 2 oe
ea pecile, Feld. .. «. a.
an SAU ndersi, Doubl. & Hew.
op hippodrome, Hiibn. ..
Eurema lethe, Faby. .. «.
Ap dione, llpins ag oc
Pyrameis m yrinna, Doubl. & Hew.
Junonia lavinia, Cram... «2 «-
Anartia jatrophe, Linn, .. «.
yy. Cinicladieih Wihttlss6 Go oo
Hunica caresa, Hew. ote .
3 alemena, Doubl. & Hew.. ae
=p malvina, Baitesic. s. o«
* mygdonia, Godt. oe
66 cerulea, 5. & G. c+ ao.
modesta, Bates . oe
Hematera thy ysbe, Doubl. & Hew.
Nica canthara, Doubl. & Hew. ..
Temenis ariadne, Oram eae e's
Epicalia salacia, Hew... .- «
» esite, Feld. so. BC
Eubagis theseus, Feld... «+
a postverta, Cram. .. «-
46 arene, Hiibn... ..- ee
F salpensa, Feld. sein eye
Cybdelis mnasylus, Doubl. & Hew.
Callicore marchalii, Guer. .. «+
os gabaza, Hew. .. .. os
Perisama humbolti ? Guer... +.
x GUSCOMMAS Dre Verh ces
Catagramma aretas, Hew... .
y pitheas, Latr. .. .
Gynecia dirce,Linn. .. .. .
Ectima livia, Fabr. ros
Ageronia feronia, Linn. ..
of Serentina, Godt. .
iA Grethusa, Cram. .. «.
6 amphione, Linn, .. «-
Manaure,
P ( Between San Sebastian
| and Atanquez.
Manaure.
Pueblo Viejo.
Manaure.
phd
Chinchicua, Manaure.
Manaure.
Chinchicua Valley.
Manaure,
Manaure, Valle Dupar.
era San Sabastian
and Atanquez,
Manaure.
b)
San Antonio.
Manaure.
Pueblo Viejo.
Manaure.
and Atanquez.
Manaure.
ae San Sebastian
Atanquez,
Manaure, Pueblo Viejo.
Manaure.
”
124 Messrs. F. Du Cane Godman and Osbert Salvin’s 3
124. Didonis biblis, Faby. .. «.. +. «- Manaure.
125. Cystineura bogotana, Feld. Ke ” ‘|
126. Pyrrhogyra edocla, Doubl. & Hew. — * I
127. a typhus, Walloon Gc. oc i
128. Dimetes pelius, Sulz. 3. 3s
5 oe x f
129, 3 @htron,Babry s.) s6 «s «» Eueblo Viejo: r
130. » OGerania, Hew. .. .. «- «- Manaure. ,
131. » corinna, Latr. .. .. «. «. Chinchicua. 5 |
BPE 5, - \conesia Godt.) +69 sa) senlte ss Wlanaure: }
133. Victorina steneles,Linn. .. .. «- i :
134. Amphirene epaphus, Latr. ater oha|s 3 |
135. Adelphalara,Hew. ... «2 os oe ”
136. : cytherea, Linn. -. «. San Antonio.
137. cocala, Cram... .. .. Manaure. ;
138. 7 Yaiadiielinwlineog 0 00 oc iy
139. es HRI sg oo © 00 0b 5
140. ¢ sycheus, ithGg 65. oa oC 6
141. celerio, Bates.. oo 6 ate *
142. Apatura laura, Drury. D6 on 06 » .
143. 6 cherubina, IHG] G+ Reise Bere) Mtoe ”
144, 5 pawonii, Latr... «. « 40 7 i
145. ”% élis, Feld. ee ee ee ee ”
146. <Aganisthos orion, Fabr. 56° G0. 00 » :
147, % pherecydes,Cram. .. .. on ¢
148. Prepona gnorima, Bates. 50° (55-08 af
149, ” demophoon, Linn. .. .. .«- a4
150. Agrias edon, Hew.. Sieh) wid Vejen eters +
151. Smyrna blomfildia, Fabr. ce Ae eS ap
152. Anea glycerium, Doubl. & Hew... .. .
153. Hy PHU dalle Ge Oe doe G0 on
154. » cheronea, Feld. .. .» .- Chinchicua Valley.
155. . pasibula, Doubl. & Hew. 560 00 , '
156. j
157. » - whis, atr 25° se .. + Manaure.
158. 3, stheno.. eid) alls © wiei® Lote es a
159. pithyusa, Feld. .. ..~- oo
160. Siverone isidora, Cram. ns Men "
161. a thebais, Feld. . ro Ste oF
162. LHypna clytemnestra, Cram. oO gC ”
163. 5 rufescens, Butl. wish Resefeusterdts y)
164. Protogonius cecrops, Doubl. & Hew... .
Fam., Lemoniip.
Subfam., Linrrn@inz.
165. Libythea carinenta, Cram, -- .. Manaure.
Subfam., Nemzosrn 2.
166. Mesonemia telegone, Boisd... .. «. Valle Dupar.
Subfam., Lumonimn a.
167. Esthemopsis clonia, Feld. ... .. .. Manaure, Atanquez.
*168. linearis, SO Go oo oc ”
169. Lymnas melantho, Men. ar ote Mamaure,
170. Diorhina per iande OLA are atelsteiitete "9
Wefaile, ¥ iunee, brit, G5 GG 06" bo as
List of Diurnal Lepidoptera.
125
172. Erycina atahualpa, Saund... .. .. Manaure.
*173. Siseme pomona,n. sp... .. «+ «. Chinchicua,
174. Emesis cypria, Feld. .. .. «+ «- Manaure.
ioe F ? iste Oe DINchicia,
AG. bp CRAVING NBEN ES) G6 | OaQu uno c AH
| WT » .mandana,Cram.. .. .«. » Manaure.
178. Symmachia amazonica, Bates eromnrets of
W792: Charts ceneus, Linn. .. «2° «. o« of
180, » argyred, Bates .. oe ee ”
181. 9 OS iO Bay GG aA Goede 3
182. » . ocellata, Hew. .. . « «. Atanquez.
183. Lasaia meris, Cram... -» »- Manaure.
184. Lemonias pseudocrispus, Westw... .. Valle Dupar, Atanquez.
185. Apodemia campestris, Bates.. .. .. Valle Dupar, Manaure.
186. Nymphidium eutra pela, Bates .. -.. Manaure, Atanquez.
187. 5 molpe, Hiibn... .. ». Atanquez.
188. fs cachrys, Fabry. o. -- Mangure.
189. 6 Geld; LGW. ee 06 le n%
Fam., LycmNIDz.
190. Thecla imperialis, Cram. .. .. » Manaure.
We 7 togarna, Cram. «2 «oe e+ eo» ”
192. woland, THEW. 20 se 00 oe ”
BBE » b@on, Cram. OG! s0D) 001.1 oc ” ?
194. » crolus,Cram. .. KG { San Sebastian to Atan-
quez.
195. » a@myntor,Cram... .. . .». Manaure.
196. m balla, IEW obo GoGo OU soo *
197. » argivd, Hew. 5. 00 ”
4 198—203. Thecla, six species undetermined.
208; LACM CASSIUS 05 26 «2 20 oe »
Fam., PApmLionip&.
Subfam., Prerinz.
205. Huterpe charops, Boisd. .» «. «+ San Sebastian.
206. 5, ‘eucodrosime, Koll... .. Chinchicua.
207. PN CMCUUA Sy HOC anise)” cle lors) uiele ae Seas sbase
; an Sebastian
208. ee tena eDoublice sos. act te | awacae a
*209. + lycurgus, DQ. Sp. 55 00 . eek cee ee
210. Leptalis medora, Doubl. .. .. «. Chinchicua.
PAD + critomedia, Hiibn... .. «+. San Jose.
212. rr theucharila, Doubl. .. .. Manaure. —
213 oe fe Sebastian to Atan-
: B B. ane quez.
214. Nathalis tole, Boisd. «5 «ss ee ‘«-« 7
215. Terias vitellina, Feld. .. -» .»» Manaure. —
216. » proterpia, Fabr.... .. +. ++ Pueblo Viejo.
DG, 5 bogotana, Feld... .. «- «+. Manaure.
218. ” chloe, Feld... oe oe oe ae ”
219, x GileMiem (ORION, GGe Od Oc “ >
220. Pieris pandosia, LG Wivsst jee! G. lets *:
221. » gnalenka, Hew. ..° o. es
222. SP LIOIUSTE IDNs - see se sic 4 é
223. sy) locusta, Held; ic° «4° «sae ee
Messrs. F. Du Cane Godman and Osbert Salvin’s
Pieris peruviana, Lue. -. «+ « Manaure.
» margarita, Hitbn. .. «. .. .
Callidryas rurina, Feld. .. .. « 5 ;
3 philea, Linn. je) ee ee eueblon Viejo:
“ statira,Cram. .. .. .. Manaure.
Gonepteryx chlorinde, Godt. 55h eit »
Subfam., PAprLioNInz.
. Pueblo Viejo.
.- Manaure.
.. Atanquez,
.. Manaure.
ee ”
°
°
.
.
Papilio sesostris, Cram.
D Osymis, Held.) <r.
» serapis, Boisd.
» anaxilaus, Feld.
on vanticles, Bates
» protesilaus, Linn.
» sadalus, Luc. ..
6b theophron, Feld.
» androgeus, Cram.
5 theramenes, Feld.
a6 Chinchicua Valley.
.. Manaure.
ei je *) Ye os) 1 eo 167 8) 6) Gy Velne
one) Je? te 18 oie 6 fous
® te
” 7 tlus, Fabr. oe . ee ”
mh J NUGIOD AOC 55 GOL. oo | 36 >
5, lycidas, Cram... 5.6 . ”
my UE OPER KEG Gao Go 00 ”
» polydamus,Linn. .. . 50 ”
5 thoas, Linn. .. 50 OC ”
Fam., HesPpERIDE.
.. Pueblo Viejo, Manaure.
Thymele dorantes, Stoll. .. «-
» chaleo, Hibn... .. .. .. Manaure:
Ss PROLCUE® MAINT .1<0 tale) einle Mote ”
i ices Mabie G4 6a oo oc ”
Telegonius enadeus, Cram. .. .. .. Atanquez, Manaure.
55 etias, Hew. ae -- .«-» Manaure.
> fulgerator, Walch. sia Wes on
ie MARCOSLUS SG0)lleienets Neletet were ”
3 idas,Cram, .. .. .. «. San Sebastian.
Fe jolus,Cram. .. .. .. «» Manaure.
anaphus.Cram., 4. ss + ”
Zthilla corac ina, Butl. 50 Chinchicua.
Pyrrhopyga charybdis, Doubl. & Hew. Manaure.
is phidias, Linn, .. .. .. Atanquez.
5 acastus,Cram... .. -.- Manaure.
7 azeta, Hew. Sieh ele Pate >:
5 erata,G.& 8S... .. .. Pueblo Viejo.
Erycides palemon, Cram. .. .. «. Ap
5 pygiialion, Cram. .. 2. «. “5
Carystus lutetia, Hew cet sa). wos Atanquez.
9 coryna, Hew. eae ee ee Nlananre:
* ethlius,Cram... .. .. «. Pueblo Viejo.
ss minos, Latr. .. .. .. .. Manaure.
Pamphila ares, Feld. .. «2 «os oe »
% sp. ? ; AS Oo OO Ge oH
a sp. ? we eon eee Ohincehicua:
L sp. ? te eee eeeeeellanaures
4 sp. ? +» «- e- San Sebastian.
sp. ? : On OD. 00° a5 ad
Achlyodes busirus,Cram. .. .. .. Manaure.
AGO ehblsy; Go Go OG ”
List of Diurnal Lepidoptera. 27
277. Achlyodes thrasybulus, Faby. .. .. Manaure.
278. 50 melander, Cram... .. .. Atanquez.
279. asychis, Cram. .. .. .. Pueblo Viejo.
280. ‘si ? pyralina, Hew... .. .. Manaure, San Sebastian.
281. 1 Bot oo doe oo oo ag Wilewiipig).
282. Pythonides limea, Hew. .. .. os +
283. a lerina, ELE We | em) set acre "
284. or SUUGMA EC Cle) fale) lefelnere A
28>., -Byrgusitonquimt, Hew... «5 «2. rf
286. Antigonus erosus, Hiibn. .. .. .. 9
RivemencuasisaLyTus, Held (5 .. s- oc x.
288. » salyrinus, Feld... .. .. .. Manaure, San Sebastian.
289: Helias noctua,Feld. .: .. “ss «« .
290. » albiplaga, Feld... .. .. .. Manaure.
291—294. Species undetermined.
4, Melina lilis, Doubl. & Hew.
We prefer at present to refer the single example of
this insect which Mr. Simons has sent us from Manaure
to this species. It differs, however, in the following par-
ticulars from our Venezuelan and Panama specimens. There
is a greater extension of the tawny colour towards the outer
margin of the primaries at the expense of the black. The
primaries have three subapical white spots, the second and
third of which are bipartite, two double white submarginal
spots between the first and second and the second and third
median branches, and a row of the same colour on the black
margin of the secondaries. These spots are absent or
obsolete in WZ. lilis. It is probable that these differences
are constant, and that the insect is a good local race ;
but in the absence of more materials we have thought it
better to regard it as a variety only. It appears to bear
about the same relationship to JZ. lilis that that form does
to I. imitata.
9. Ceratinia philidas, sp. n. (Plate IIL, fig. 1).
Exp. 2°5 poll.
Alis rufis, anticis costa ad basin, margine interno et
apicibus nigris, macula subtriangulari in cellule medio
et duabus ad finem coloris ejusdem, litura flava ultra
cellulam a costa angulum analem versus extendente, punctis
septem margini externo parallelis, flavis; posticis fascia
lata intra ramum medianum et marginem externum, hoc
punctulis albescentibus obsoletis notato. Subtus ut supra,
sed punctis marginalibus magis distinctis; antennis flavis,
ad basin nigris.
Obs.—C. thew, Hew., affinis, sed anticarum macula
cellulari nigra et secundariis fere omnino nigris distin-
guenda.
128 Messrs. F. Du Cane Godman and Osbert Salvin’s
18. ‘‘ Ithomia’’ cymothoe.
25. ‘*Ithomia”’ guilia.
The position of these two species in the Jthomiune is
doubtful, but had best be left until the whole group is
revised. They do not belong to any of the genera which
we have lately examined in compiling the Rhopalocera in
the ‘ Biologia Centrali-Americana.”’
32. Huptychia oreba, Butl.
These specimens differ slightly from the types in being
darker beneath—in having the outer of the two transverse
bands of the secondaries more curved. There is a fulvous
spot at the end of the cell in both wings not shown in the
typical Z. oreba.
35. Huptychia peribea, n. sp. (Plate III., fig. 2).
Exp. 2 poll, *
Alis czxruleo-griseis, anticaum costa et apice fuscis,
posticis linea duplici fusca marginatis. Subtus alis fuscis,
margines versus pallidioribus, lineis duabus arcuatis obscuris
alas transeuntibus—una ultra cellulam, altera basi propiore;
anticis quatuor ocellis minutis ad apicem, posticis quinque
(tertio et quarto indistinctis) submarginalibus nigris albo
pupillatis.
This Huptychia is not very closely allied to any with
which we are acquainted ; it seems, however, best placed
in the #. celestis group. The blue-grey instead of blue on
the upper surface distinguishes it at once from all
others; the underside is also of a nearly uniform dark
brown, slightly paler towards the outer margins of the
primaries.
38. Huptychia lineata, n. sp. (Plate III, fig. 3).
Exp. 2°8 poll.
Alis fuscis, posticis ad angulum analem multo elongatis,
et leviter serratis. Subtus alis saturatioribus limbisque
externis pallidioribus, alis utrisque linea submarginali un-
dulata, et altera interiore per cellulam transeunte, lineaque
ochraceo-alba inter eas notatis (hac aliquando interrupta
et fere absente); anticis et posticis ocellulis duobus apicali-
bus, albo pupillatis, tertio quoque majore in posticis ad
angulum analem ; antennis flavis, apicibus nigris.
This is a well-marked species, coming near L. satyrina,
Bates, and its allies, but is larger than that species, and
trys oot ey
List of Diurnal Lepidoptera. 129
is distinguished by the white line which in most specimens
crosses the underside of both wings. In some examples
this line is obsolete, only indications of it being visible.
Lymanopoda ceruleata, n. sp. (Plate III, fig. 4).
Exp. 1°8 poll.
LI. samio similis, sed alis latioribus et apicibus minus
acutis, marginibus nigris, punctis albis (nec ceruleis)
notatis ; subtus alis anticis ad basin fuscis, area mediana
nigris ceruleo atomatis et punctulis albis notatis.
This beautiful species seems to take the place of L. samius,
in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta. It is distinguished
by many characters, which will be apparent when L. samius
is compared with the figure now given.
42. Pedaliodes polyxo (Plate IIL., fig.8 d, 8a 2).
3 Exp. 1°6 poll.
Alis-fusco supra nigris ; subtus anticis fuscis apice cane-
scente, posticis ad basin obscurioribus, striga albescente
transversa a limbo costali per cellulam ad marginem
internum transeunte, ultra eam, presertim marginem
internum versus, eodem colore variegatis, angulum analem
versus obscurioribus et macula fere W formante apud cellule
finem ; margine externo et angulo anali productis et
serratis ut in genere Steromate.
?. Major et alis dilutioribus, posticis rufo variegatis et
duabus lineis angularibus prope marginem externum
notatis.
This species has the general appearance of a Steroma,
but it wants the lobe on the costa of the hind wings which
characterises that genus.
43. Pedaliodes leucocheilus, nu. sp. (Plate IIL, fig. 5).
Exp. 2°5 poll.
Alis fusco-nigris, anticis ad apicem albescentibus : subtus
anticis fuscis, apicibus canescentibus, macula indistincta
cellule finem versus, altera subtrigona inter eam et
limbum externum, rufis ; posticis fusco irroratis, macula
subquadrata in costa punctoque angulum analem versus
albis notatis.
This is one of the peculiar species of the Sierra Nevada, of
which Mr. Simons has sent several specimens. It has no
very near allies that we know of.
130 Messrs. F. Du Cane Godman and Osbert Salvin’s
46. Pedaliodes symmachus (Plate III., fig. 7).
Exp. 2°4 poll.
Alis fusco-nigris, fascia submarginali ochraceo-feruginea
a costa anticarum ad angulum analem posticarum transe-
unte : subtus alis fuscis rufo variegatis, anticis fascia
submarginali introrsum irregulari ochraceo-ferruginea, cos-
tam versus cervino irroratis; posticarum dimidio postico
cervino et fusco irrorato.
Several specimens.
47. Pedaliodes tyrrheus, n. sp. (Plate IV., fig. 6).
Exp. 2°4 poll.
Alis fusco-nigris, posticis striga rufa submarginali a
limbo interno medium marginis externi versus extendente ;
subtus alis dilutioribus, et posticis striga ochracea nec rufa
notatis.
A single specimen. The species resembles on the under
side P. paneis (Hew.).
51. Morpho rhodopteron, n. sp. (Plate IV., fig. 9).
Exp. 4 poll.
6. Alis cyaneis rosaceo tinctis, vix pellucidis, posticis
ad angulum analem elongatis et irregulariter fusco tinctis :
subtus pallidissime ferrugineis, striga submarginali ejusdem
coloris, extrorsum et introrsum linea argentea notatis, aliis
intra et ultra cellulam anticarum, regioneque basali
posticarum lineis variis tortuosis notatis; anticis ocello
subapicali, posticis aliis tribus (uno ad apicem, aliis
angulum analem versus positis).
Nearly allied to M. aurora, Westw., but easily distin-
guished by its more rosy tint on the upper side, and the
absence of the two ocelli between the median nervules of
the primaries on the under side. A single specimen only
was procured by Mr. Simons at Pueblo Viejo.
68. Hurides edias, Hew. Journ. Ent. I., p. 155, t. X., f. 2.
ny kiinowti, Dew., Mith. d. Munich. Ent. Ver.
1877; p89) wie ct aoe
The specimen from the Sierra Nevada belongs un-
doubtedly to the insect described by Dr. Dewitz, but we
cannot distinguish it from Bogota specimens, to which
Hewitson’s name is applicable.
List of Diurnal Lepidoptera. 131
78. Phyciodes catenarius, sp. n. (Plate IV., fig. 11).
Exp. 1°4 poll.
6. Alis obscure fuscis, linea angustasubmarginali flava,
intra eam serie coloris ejusdem catenam formante : subtus
alis flavis, anticis lineis brunneis irregularibus transversis ;
posticis punctis quinque nigris irroratis fasciaque ultra
ea pallida margini parallela notatis.
Of this species Mr. Simons sends a single specimen, for
which we are unable to find a name. Nor do we possess
any very nearly allied species. In some respects it resembles
P. aceta (Hew.).
79. Phyciodes castianira, n. sp. (Plate IV., fig. 10).
Exp. 1°38 poll.
Alis obscure fuscis, anticis maculis ferrugineis notatis
(una in cellula, altera infra eam, tertia bipartita in area
mediana, quarta trifida ultra cellulam a costa extendente),
aliis duabus pallidioribus (una ad angulum analem, altera
apici propiore), et tribus submarginalibus minutissimis ;
posticis lineis tribus margini parallelis, duabus exteri-
oribus augustissimis, imteriore presertim costam versus
latiore et secundam attingente, aliis indistinctis basi
propioribus : subtus alis anticis fulvis, in dimidio exteriore
nigro et fusco marmoratis ; posticis pallidioribus et minus
irroratis.
This species is closely allied to P. nebulosa, G. & S.;
but the markings, though somewhat similarly situated, are
much brighter and larger; the outer margin of the wing
is less cut out ; it likewise differs considerably beneath, the
secondaries of P. nebulosa being strongly marked with a
silvery grey, which colour is absent in the species we now
describe.
80. Phyciodes, sp. ?
Closely allied to P. gyges, Hew., from Jamaica, of which
we have specimens from Venezuela.
114. Perisama humbolti ?
The specimen sent is not in sufficiently good condition to
make it out satisfactorily.
115. Perisama gisco, n. sp. (Plate IV., fig. 12).
Exp. 1°8 poll.
3. P. euriclee similis, sed alis anticis fasciis transversis
132 Messrs. F. Du Cane Godman and Osbert Salvin’s List.
viridibus augustissimis et angulum analemyersus in maculas
fractis differt ; posticis supra quoque fascia submarginali
augustiore, et subtus marginem interiorem versus palli-
dioribus.
The single male specimen sent differs in several points
from P. euriclea of Venezuela, though nearly allied to that
species.
168. Esthemopsts linearis, n. sp. (Plate IV., fig. 13).
Exp. 1°8 poll.
?. Alis nigris ceruleo tinctis; anticis fascia arcuata
albescente a basi per cellulam angulum analem versus
extendente, secunda transversa subapicali, margine interno
ceruleo ; posticis area interiore albescente; venis omnibus
late nigrescentibus; subtus fere ut supra ; palpis et fronte
rubro-aurantiacis.
EE. sericine, Bates, certe affinis, sed maculis alarum
albescentibus multo majoribus distinguenda.
173. Siseme pomona, sp. n. (Plate IV., fig. 14).
Exp. 1°4 poll.
&. 8S. caudali similis sed alis dilutioribus et fascia
transversa alba absente distinguenda ; subtus pallidioribus
et fascia angustiore.
Of this species we have specimens from Venezuela,
obtained by Dr. Staudinger’s collector in the vicinity of
Merida.
209. Huterpe lycurgus, sp. n. (Plate IV., fig. 15).
Exp. 1°9 poll.
¢. Alis flavis, corpore, nervulis, marginibusque nigris,
macularum serie submarginali (in posticis majorium)
flaviarum, totidemque punctis in margine ipso flavescenti-
bus ; subtus fere ut supra, sed coloribus dilutioribus.
A single specimen only of this distinct Huterpe has yet
reached us, which was captured by Mr. Simons on the road
from San Sebastian to Atanquez. It appears to belong to
the H. nimbice group; but the black markings are very
narrow, and the yellow colour is very much brighter than
in any species known to us.
*
(£183")
XI. On the Genus Colias.
by SJ. Kuwns) 2-Z:5.,. ELS:
[Read August 4th, 1880. ]
Havine recently had occasion to arrange the species of ,the
Genus Colias contained in Messrs. Godman and Salvini’s
magnificent collection, and having found, as others have
done before me, that the genus is an exceedingly difficult
one, I offer a few notes on some of the species, in the
hope that they may be useful to those who are not disposed
to recognise every slight variety as a distinct species.
It is a very compact and homogeneous genus, containing,
according to the views of some lepidopterists, a large number
of species ; but I venture to think that time will prove that
many of these are but local varieties, and cannot possibly
be distinguished from each other with certainty. The best
proof of this is that if a large number of Colias from all
parts of the world are mixed together, it is, in many cases,
impossible to arrange them again under their supposed
species. Some may be distinguished in the male sex only,
others in the female. Many can only be referred to their
right places when the locality from which they come is
known, and as most of the local forms are variable, there
will always remain, even when the habitat is known,
specimens which cannot be named with certainty.
This applies specially to the North American forms, of
which many have been recently described by Mr. Edwards and
others ; and as few or no specimens of some of these are to
be found in European cabinets—or if they exist cannot be
recognised—I can only follow Mr. Herman Strecker, whose
catalogue of North American butterflies, recently published,
seems to be drawn up with broader and more scientific
views as to the value of slight variations than Mr. Edwards’
catalogue, which appeared a year sooner.
Russian and German naturalists also have described
many supposed species, which further investigations have
proved to be identical with, or very slightly varying from,
those now accepted; and I am convinced that a future
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—part m1. (0cT.)
134 Mr. H. J. Elwes on the
generation of naturalists will prove that what we even now
accept as specific differences are not founded on fact, and
that climate, food, and conditions of life will more than
account for the changes in tint we see of the representative
forms such as C. Aurora, Esp., from Eastern Siberia; C.
Thisoa, from N. Persia; and C. Heclu, from Lapland ;
whilst insects of different broods in the same region have, no
doubt, as in other cases, been mistaken for different species.
Menetries, in the Znumeratio Corporum Animalium, p.
77, attempts to show that the nearly allied species of Colias
may be recognised by the shape of the inner edge of the
band on the forewing in the males (he gives on plate 1 cuts
of the typical shape of this in one species) ; but after com-
paring his figures with specimens, and examining this
character in a number of examples of one species, I am
quite unable to follow out his theory.
Menetries says that he thinks too much importance has
been attached to the shades of orange in different species,
and to the violet reflections on them ; but this is, after all,
the only means by which several of the nearly-allied forms,
such as electra, or awrorina, can be recognised in the male
sex, and though varying in intensity, as we see in C. Hdusa
and C. Hecla, it is in fresh specimens from the same locality
usually constant.
In most, if not in all, of the first group we find a pale
form of the female, analogous to the variety of edusa named
helice, but I am not aware of any similar aberration in the
male sex.
Hybrids seem to occur between some of the species, and
add considerably to the difficulty of recognising them. Cf.
Moschler Wien. Ent. Monats., iv. p. 22, and Edwards’
Butt. North America, ser. 2. pt. v., where a hybrid between
Philodice and Pelidne is suggested. Herr Werneberg,
in Stettiner Ent. Zeit, 1865, p. 272, gives a revision of
the European species of the genus, which he treats in a
very different spirit from the majority of those who have
studied it, and reduces those included in Staudinger’s list
to the following species: Group 1st, having the border
of the forewing spotted in both sexes.
yale, L.
var. Phicomone, Esp.
var. Nastes, Boisd.
var. Rossi, Guenée.
var. Melinos, Eversm.
npr ental
Genus Colias. 135
Group 2nd, having the border of the forewing spotted in
the female sex only.
Edusa, Fabr.
ab. Helice, 2
var. Helene, Bisch.
var. Heldreichi, Std.
var. Feildii, Men.
var. Aurorina, H. S.
Myrmidone, Esp.
var. Hos, H.S.
var. Iibanotica, Led.
ab. Thisoa, Men.
var. Aurora, Esp.
Lrate, Esp.
ab. Pallida, Std.
Chrysotheme, Esp.
var. Hecla, Lef.
var. Boothii, Curt.
var. Chione, Curt.
Group 3rd, having the border of the forewing unspotted
in both sexes.
Paleno.
- yar. Philomene, H.
var. Huropomene, Ochs.
var. Pelidne, Boisd..
var. Werdandt, Zett.
He relies on the colour and form of the border, and on
the discoidal.spots of the hind wing for the characters by
which the species are separated ; but I cannot follow out
his arrangement of the species in the specimens before me,
and by no means agree with his conclusions; which are
quite regardless of the distribution of the supposed species .
and varieties. His division into groups, however, seems
quite natural, and is nearly identical with what I have
adopted. Dr. Staudinger’s arrangement of the genus in the
last edition of his catalogue, 1871, is by far the best and
most accurate I know of, though based on a narrower idea
of specific distinctions than I can quite agree with. As,
however, uncommon care has been taken in consulting all
plates and descriptions, and the collection on which his
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—Part tt. (ocr) L
136 Mr. H. J. Elwes on the
catalogue is based, is at any rate for the Palearctic species
unrivalled, we cannot do better than accept his arrange-
ment as far as it goes. After carefully studying the very
fine collection of Messrs. Godman and Salvin, which con-
tains good series of almost all the species, together with
that in the British Museum, which is rich in specimens
from the arctic regions; as well as the fine though not
numerous examples in the Hewitson collection, I have
arranged them in the following order, which I think will be
found by an unprejudiced examiner to indicate pretty fairly
the principal points of distinction, and to show the geo-
graphical distribution accurately.
GROUP I,—FEMALE SEX ONLY SPOTTED ON THE DARK BORDER OF
THE FOREWING.
Name of Species and Vars. Geographical Distribution.
Sub-species
or local races
in which the
males
are usually
brighter or
darker orange
than in
edusa, this
character in-
creasing in in-
tensity as we
go eastward,
S. African sub-
species, very
near Edusa,
Dwarf arctic
sub-species
or
races.
|
pe
a
|
Central and Southern
OF Hdusa Mann... Europe, N, Africa, and
Syria.
Central, Eastern, and
C. Myrmidone, Esp. .
C, Thisoa, Men. . .
C. Feldit, Men. . . }
(?) = eogene, Feld. .
C. aurorina, HLS.
var. Libanotica . . .
var. Heldreicht
C. aurora, Esp. eae |
Cxreleci. cline ee tees {
C. ene Curtie.
oe eae: iW. H, |
C, hecla, Lef.
var. gies, Mac- l
Lachlan. hed) ha
C. chrystheme, Esp. .
(2?) = Vilwiensis, Men,
var. Zurytheme, Bal.
var. Keewaydim, W. Bs
IA of Go c
Southern Germany, §.
Russia, and Turkey,
Mountains of N. Persia.
Bhotan to Kashmir and
Yarkand,
Mountains of Armenia,
Mountains of Syria, North
Persia and Asia Minor,
Mountains of Greece.
S.-E. Siberia and Amur
region.
Cape of Good Hope;
Natal, Transvaal.
Boothia-felix,
Mountains of Colorado,
10,000 feet elevation,
Greenland, Lapland,
Smith Sound.
S.-E. Europe, Asia Minor,
S.-E. Siberia:
UnitedStates & Territories
California.
Sa ee
(Fide Strecker /
but seems to
me more like a
form of palano)
r
South Ameri-
can forms
differing , more
from the
Palearctic
species of this
group
than they do
inter se. |
Species of
doubtful posi-
tion and dis-
tinctness, but
probably com-
ing here.
Genus Colias.
Name of Species and Vars.
C. philodice,Godt. . .
var. Occidentalis, Scud.
= Chrysomelas,H. Edw. {
C. Erate, Esp.
= nereine, Fisch.
OC. Lesbia, Fabr. }
= pyrrothea, Huba ,
C. Vautier?, Guer.. .
C. Imperialts, Butl. .
C. Dimera, Doubl, }
= erythrogramma, Koll.
0. hermina, Butl,
= Scalidonura hermina
C. euxanthe, Feld. 2
C. flaveola, Blanch. .
C. pontent, Wall . :
137
Geographical Distribution,
Eastern United States,
Pacific States and.British
Columbia,
S. Russia, Siberia, Amur,
Afghanistan,
Argentine States to Pata-
gonia,
Chili to Patagonia,
Straits of Magellan.
Andes of Golambis and
Ecuador,
Andes of E, Peru.
Peru,
Chili,
Sandwich Islands,
GROUP II.—BOTH SEXES SPOTTED ON THE BORDER OF THE
(?) a distinct sp,
FOREWING.
C. Sagartia,Ld. . .
Crhyale, bee.
var. nilgheriensis . .
var. simoda, De l’Orza.
= poliographus, Mot-
schulsky 3%) 3 « -
—*,
Phicomone, Esp. . .
var. ladakensis, Feld. .
= Shipkee, Moore .
(?) var. melinos, Eversm, .«
Nastes, Boiss . . .,
var. Werdandi, Zett. .
var, Rossti,Guen. . .
var, Kokandica, Ersch.
var. Behrii,W. H. Edw.
North Persia.
Central and Southern
Europe, Himalayas.
Nilgherry Mountains.
China, Japan.
Alps of Central Europe,
Ladak,
8.-E. Siberia, Amur,
Labrador,
Lapland.
Boothia-felix.
Alps of Turkestan,
Mountains of California.
GROUP III.—BOTH SEXES UNSPOTTED ON THE BORDER OF THE FORE-
WING, OR THE FEMALE ONLY SLIGHTLY SPOTTED, OR THE BORDER
REPLACED BY MORE OR LESS FAINT MARKINGS. :
Fide Strecker
= Helena, W. H. Edw. .
= Chippewa, W. H. Edw. .
HZOIENO Makawao) ee sede
Northern Europe, Asia,
and America, N, Japan,
Alps of Central Europe,
1
138 Mr. H. J. Elwes on the
Name of Species and Vars. Geographical Distribution.
: Pelidne, Boisd. . . .. « British N. America, La-
Fide peek = Scudderi, Reak . brador, Colorado, Ca-
De. var. Interior, Scudd. .. nada, Anticosti, Lake
0. var. Christina, W. H. Edw. Superior, B. Columbia.
(?.a good sp.) Alexandra, W. H. Edw,
Fide Strecker yar, Edwardsi, Behr. . Colorado, Nevada.
American forms unknown to Strecker or myself, and not
existing in his or in any English collections, are C. Emilia,
W. H. Edw.; Barbara, H. Edw.; Astriea, W. H. Edw.
N.B.—This group does not seem so natural as the other
two, and perhaps connects them ; for though in the female
of some forms of Palwno and pelidne the border of the
forewing is unspotted, in others it is so to a certain extent,
or the border is entirely wanting, or indicated only by
indistinct markings, as in Alexandra, MScudderi, and
Edwardsi. .
These N. American forms seem to run into each other
in an inextricable manner, and to connect Paleno and
pelidne with Philodice, Cf. Edwards’ Butt. North America,
ser. il. part ii, under C. pelidne ; and part v., under
Philodice. Cf. Schilde, Stett.. Ent. Zeit., 1873, pp.
169—75.
Mr. Edwards, in his beautiful work, gives excellent
figures of all these forms ; but so far from clearing up the
question of their distinction, he seems to me to make the
question infinitely more difficult, as Tam quite unable to
appreciate the characters on which he relies, or to define
the limits of the three species, even supposing that we
allow only three, as above, instead of seven or eight as
he does. ;
I do not think that all the species which are mentioned
above can invariably be recognised with certainty, and I
am certain that many of the varieties could not; yet, as
for the most part they have a fairly well-defined range,
they may be allowed specific rank for convenience’ sake, and
in the absence of full information as to their larval
states. Speaking broadly, there are, with the exception of
the Neotropical species, which are confined to the Andean
ranges and temperate regions of the south, three well-
defined species of Colias, representing the three groups
which I have formed. These are nearly confined to the
Palearctic and Nearctic regions, which, as far as butterflies
are concerned, are inseparable. They are C. edusa, C. hyale,
and C. paleeno. The first and last of these vary exceedingly,
Genus Colias. 139
and have developed a number of constant local varieties,
whilst other varieties do not appear to be fixed, and all are
much influenced by local conditions. Paleno and its
forms are pretty nearly confined to the colder regions of
Europe, Asia and America. Hdusa takes its place in
more southern and warmer regions, though it also has
developed arctic forms, like Hecla and Boothi. Hyale, with
its forms, is confined to the Old World, though its arctic and
alpine representative nastes spreads into the northern parts
of North America.
As regards the species in Group I., C. edusa seems to
be smallest in Syria and largest and brightest in the South
of Europe.
- To Myrmidone, which does not extend to Northern or
Western Europe, it is very closely allied. As we go east
it develops other forms, such as Thisoa, aurorina, Feildii,
and aurora, gradually increasing in brilliancy.
In South Africa it appears in the form of electra, which
though distinguished in the male sex by the tint of the
orange, in the female sex may easily be confused with the
females of the Himalayan form feildii. Near this latter
there are specimens from- Ladak, in the British Museum
and in Mr. Moore’s collection, differing considerably from
the usual Himalayan form found in Kashmir, Nepal, and
Sikkin ; but [ should not like to separate them specifically
without knowing more about them.
Another supposed species, differing from Feildii in its
paler colour, and having some slight difference in the
discocellular marks, has recently been separated by Moore
as C. Stolikezkana, from Ladak, and another from
Turkestan has been described as C. Staudingert. A
female from the Punjaub is very near the Grecian Held-
reichi (for the varieties of which consult Staudinger on the
Lepidoptera of Greece and of Asia Minor, in Hore Ent.
Ross).
C. aurora, first figured and described by Esper, from
specimens sent by Bober from Nertchinsk, and afterwards
found at Kiachta on the border of the Gobi desert, and on
the Amur river by later travellers, is the brightest in
colour of any of the genus, and though, according to
my views, only a local race of Hdusa, is very easily distin-
guished from any of the other varieties, by the extremely
bright fiery orange in the wings of fresh males, and
as it appears from the figure of Boisduval, in the females
also (though I have seen none of this colour), In Mus.
140 Mr. H. J. Elwes on the
Godman and Salvin are two females from the Amur of the
pale form, figured by Eversmann, Bull. Mosc. 1847,
t. 4, figs. 3 and 4, as C. chloe. This form is evidently the
analogue of the var. helice in C. edusa.
Females appear to be rare, as there are none in the
Hewitson or British Museum collections.
As regards C. chrysotheme, Esp., it seems to agree very
closely with some of the varieties of Hurytheme from
California and Texas, though, if we consider it as the
same species, the geographical distribution is remarkable,
Chrysotheme being confined to South-Eastern Europe,
some parts of Asia Minor, and Eastern Siberia. I cannot
distinguish between specimens of Chrysotheme from Pesth,
and of Keewaydon from California.
Colias Boothii Curt., Ross, 2nd Voy. App. Nat. Hist. p
, Pl. A., 8-5, 18385; Guendée
Ann. Ent. Soc. Tr. 1864, p. 198.
C. Chione Curt., 1. ¢. p. 66:
This species or variety is only known from the speci-
mens collected in Captain Ross’s second expedition to the
arctic regions, at Repulse Bay and in Boothia-felix, where it
is said to be. abundant for about a month in July and
August on Oxytropis campestris, and O. arctica, which
are probably the food plant of the larva.
They have been considered by all writers as a good
species, on account of the very narrow border of the wings,
which is entirely absent in the var. Chione.
I am doubtful, however, whether this last, of which
three specimens from Repulse Bay are in the British
Museum collection, are not rather a form of C. ee or
a hybrid between that and Nastes.
Colias Hecla, Lefebre Ann. Soc. Ent. Tr. 1836, p. 383,
Pl TX, Betig. 3-6.
C. Hecla, var. Glacialis, McLach. J. L. S. Zool. 14,
108, 1879.
This species, which is found on the high fells of Lap-
land, in Greenland, and Arctic America, is, from my point
of view, only a dwarfed local race of C. Hdusa.
The variety of it described by McLachan from Hayes
Sound, lat. 79° N., and from Grinnell Land in lat. 81° 45’ N.,
are probably the most northern specimens known of this
‘germ, and are much paler in tint and duller in their mark-
ings than the Lapland variety.
ee
Genus Colias. 141
C. erate is a puzzling species, which, though distinct
enough in Southern Russia, appears to have a tendency for
crossing with other species, such as Hdusa and Hyale.
From Candahar Mr. Butler has recently described no
less than four supposed species and varieties (see P. Z. S.
1880) nearly allied to this; but, after examining the
Specimens in question, I can only say that I entirely fail
to follow his distinctions. Those which he calls Hrate,
from Candahar, agree closely with examples from South
Russia and the Punjaub.
What he calls Helichta of Lederer has in the male more
of the orange tint of Hdusa, and may, as was originally
supposed, be a hybrid between it and Erate. What he
calls Sareptensis, Staud., seems identical with the form of
Alyale, found in the Himalayas, China, and Japan, under
the names of Simoda, De l’Orza ; Poliographus, Motsch.;
Pauens, Butl., &c.
Of what he calls Pallida, Staud., the female seems like
Hyale, or a pale female of Hrate, and the male a small
specimen of the latter species.
- Colias Lesbia, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. i., 208, 652 ; Butl..
Cat. Fabr. Pl. II., fig. 2,1870; Burm.
Desc. Phys. Rep. Arg. Vol. V., p. 95.
C. pyrrothea, Hubn. Exot. Schm. Zutr. i., 28, 183,
fig. 365, 366.
C. heliceoides, Capron. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. t. XVII. 13.
This species, first described by Fabr. from a ? specimen
in the Banksian collection taken in the Straits of Magellan
during his voyage with Cook in 1790, is common, according
to Burmeister, all over the Argentine Republic, from the
Straits as far north as San Paolo in 8. Brazil (Rodgers in
Mus. Godman and Salvin).
The females vary, but not enough, according to Bur-
meister, to allow them to be considered asgsub-species, the
-males being very similar. One ? from Coralitos, Entre
Rios, in Mus. Godm. and Saly., is as dark, and almost
exactly similar to the 2 of Meadii, while others are pale,
like the var. Helice of Hdusa.
The caterpillar lives on Medicago sativa, according to
Burmeister. Two male specimens of this species in Mus.
Godm. and Salvy. are marked Chili (Reed), but as it is not
included in his work, I conclude they are from Menwoza,
or some locality on the east side of the Andes.
142 Mr. H. J. Elwes on the
Colias Vautieri, Guer. Voy. Cog. Pl. XV., fig. 2,
1829, ¢ ; Blanch. Gay Faun, Chil.
Vil. sp: 18, 1852; Reed Mariposas,
Chil. p. 15, 1877.
C. rutilans, Boisd. Sp. Gen. i. p. 642, Pl. XIX., fig. 3,
1836 ; Blanch, Gay Faun. Chil. vii
p. 18, +t. L£.7ab, 6 , 3; Reed Mari-
posas Chilenas, t. I. ‘fig. 3, 4,36
‘This species, in which the d and ? differ remarkably
from each other, the latter resembling the pale 2 of Lesbia
in markings and tint, whilst the d have something of the
brilliant tints of C. electr a, is, according to Reed, common
through the whole of Chili, from Atacama to the Straits of
Magellan.
The figure of the 2 given by Reed is coloured much more
darkly than any I have seen, the yellow being almost
covered by the black of the border.
Colias flaveola, Blanch. Gay, Chili, vii. p. 19., t. I. fig. 6 ab,
Reed Mariposas Chilenas, p. 18.
The description of this species in Gay does not say any-
. thing as to the sexes, whilst the figure seems to represent
a ?. Itis said by Gay to have been taken at Coquimbo,
but Reed has never seen a specimen, and there is none in
any collection I have seen, though a female from Bolivia
collected by Buckley in Mus. Godm. and Salv. somewhat
resembles it.
Very possibly this is not a good species, but only a small
aberrant female of dimera or Vautieri.
- Colias Imperialis, Butl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 250, Pl. XIX. ;
Reed Mariposas Chil. p. 1
This fine and distinct species is easily distinguished by
the broad black border on the wing in both sexes, which
extends to the anterior margin of the hind wing.
It is only known to me from three specimens in the
British Museum, collected at Portfamine, about the centre
of the Straits of Magellan.
There are specimens of C. Lesbia from this locality in
the British Museum, and others of what appears to be
Vautieri, though it has a narrower border than Chilian
specimens from Sandy Point, a little to the north-east-
ward. We therefore have three apparently distinct species
of Colias meeting in the Straits of Magellan, so that a large
Genus Colias. 143
series of specimens showing their variations and possible
hybrids would be of great interest.
Colias dimera, Doubl. Hew. Gen. D. L. t. IX. fig. 3,
1847,
C. erythrogramma, Koll.
(2) C. euxanthe, Feld. Reise. Nov. Lep., II. p. 196 (1865).
This species, which may be easily recognised by the pale
colour of the hind wings, which are of a very different
colour from the fore wings, and by the blood-red spots and
streaks on the under side, which are conspicuous in most
specimens, is found in the equatorial Andes of New Granada,
and perhaps Venezuela. Specimens from Bogota are com-
mon in museums. *
The species described as C. ewxanthe, by Felder, I
cannot identify with certainty in the absence of a plate.
It is described as being very near C. dimera, but differing
in the shape of the wings, and larger. There are four
specimens in the Hewitson collection, under the name of
euxanthe, from Ecuador and Peru, which may belong to
C. hermina or to dimera, or may be a distinct species.
There are also two Chilian specimens in Mus. Godm. and
Salv. which I cannot identify with any known species, so
that a more complete account of the South American
Coliades is much to be desired.
Colias (Scalidoneura) hermina, Butler, P. Z. S. 1871, p.
2H el OX EX. fim, OF
This obscure species, on which Mr. Butler has founded
the genus Scalidoneura, appears to be very rare in col-
lections.
The type specimen which I have examined in the British
Museum is from Peru, and is probably from the same .
locality as two specimens in Mus. Godm. and Salv., which
were collected by Whiteley at Pozuzzo or Pozuzu, a branch
of the Ucayale River, on the Upper Amazon, and situated
in about lat. 10° N., long. 75° W.
It appears to be very closely allied to C. dimera, and
can only be recognised with certainty by the slightly
different branching of the costal nerve towards the apex,
on which, as it seems to me, insufficient character Mr.
Butler has founded the genus Scalidoneura.
In all other respects it appears to be a true Colias, only
distinguishable from dimera by the narrower border of the
144 Mr. H. J. Elwes on the
fore wings, and by the colour of the hind wing not differing
from that of the fore wing, as it does in Dimera.
There is a specimen in Mr. Hewitson’s collection which
may possibly be the ? of this species ; but in the imper-
‘fect light of the building I was unable to detect the
en ence in the neuration.
Colias hyale seems confined to the Old World, no form of
it having been discovered in the New, though it spreads
over most of Asia, and has received numerous specific
names.
In the British Museum collection Mr. Butler indicates
no less than four forms of this species, all of which he
considers distinct, from Japan—viz., Simoda, Poliographus,
Pallens, and another. He professes to be able to dis-
tinguish them with certainty, but I entirely fail to follow
him in doing so. Probably special training is necessary to
enable one to appreciate such minutie ; but in any case it
would be most unlikely that in such a genus four species
of one group should exist in Japan alone, or rather in that
very small part of Japan from which collections have
come.
Alyale extends to the Himalayas, to China, at any rate
as far as Shanghai, into South India, under the name of
Nilgheriensis, and is said by Layard to have occurred in
South Africa, though I know of no authentic specimens
from that country.
C. Sagartia Led., from the mountains bordering the south
end of the Caspian ‘Sea, seems a good species, nearly allied
’ to Phicomone, and representing it in Asia, but easily
distinguished by colour and size from that species.
Colias ludakensis, Feld., Reise. Nov. Lep. II. p. 197,
P27, fe..8; 9, 1865,
C. shipkee, Moore, P. Z..8., June 18, 1865, p. 492,
t. XX XI. fig. 13.
There seems to be little doubt that these two supposed
species are identical, though the figure of Shipkee is not
good.
There are two specimens from Ladak in Hewitson’s
collection named (. Vautiert!!! and two others in the
British Museum from Tibet, apparently g and ?, which all
agree very well with Felder’s plate.
It seems to me a local race of C. Naustes or Phicomone,
though easily distinguished by its bright lemon colour.
PAN <
Genus Colias. 145
As regards the correct name of the form, I adopt
Felder’s, because it is the most scientific, and because the
part of the P. Z.S.in which C. shipkee was described,
though read in June, would not have been published till the
end, or near the end, of the year, and therefore probably
be later than Felder’s description, the date of publication
of which seems not quite certain.
This is an essentially alpine form occurring at eleva-
tions of 14,000 feet and upwards in the dry region of
Ladak. : ;
CO. melinos Eversm., from the Amur region, is perhaps
another form of Phicomone, but is very imperfectly known
as yet, and may be a distinct species.
The various forms of Nastes are puzzling, and if I am
right in referring Kokandica Ersch and Behrii Edw., to this
species, the distribution is still more so. I am somewhat
doubtful about the last of these forms, which Mr. Strecker
considers distinct. I fail to see any good character by
which Nastes can be distinguished from Phicomone, of which
it may be only an arctic form. The var. Werdandi from
Lapland is just as likely to belong to one as the other, .
though Phicomone as found in the Alps of Central Europe
does not seem to have so much tendency to variation as
most of the species.
Colias Pelidne. Boisd. Ic., p. 41, Pl. VIII. figs. 1—3.
(1832.)
I adopt Boisduval’s nate instead of the name Anthyale
Hubn., which “is given to it by Staudinger, because the
latter expressly states in his account of that species that it
comes from Pennsylvania, which in my opinion proves his
Anthyale to be a small specimen of Philodice, God., Cf.
Mosch. Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1870, p. 113.
This supposed species, which comes very close to Palceno
on the one hand and to Philodice on the other, is found in
Labrador, British Columbia and Colorado ; but various
forms of it which have been described as distinct species
under the names of
Colias interior, Scud. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. ix. p.
108, from South Labrador and Anticosti,
C. Christina, W: H. Edw. Proc. Ent. Soe. Phil. I. (p:
- 79, Brit. N. Am. I. t. IL, from British
Columbia,
C. Scudderi, Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., iv. p. 217,
146 Mr. H. J. Elwes on the Genus Colias.
C. Philodice, var. Laurentina Scud. Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist. p. 4, Oct. 1875, from Lake
Superior,
are found in other parts of North America; and ac-
cording to Mr. Strecker’s catalogue and to what I can see
from the figures and descriptions, they are at most but
local varieties of one species. Indeed, I cannot see how
the numerous forms of Palcno, Pelidne and Philodice,
found in North America, can be assigned with certainty to
one or other of these species ; and the confusion of names
which exists is so great, that without access to the prin-
cipal collections in the United States, it seems to me
impossible to unravel them.
Cela)
XII.—WNotes on Exotic Rhynchota, with descriptions of
new species. By W. L. Distant.
(Plate V.)
[Read August 4th, 1880.]
Lobothyreus obscurus, n. sp. (Plate V., fig. 1, 1a).
Ferruginous, mottled with ochreous. Head above, with
the central lobe margined with ochreous for about two-
thirds from base, and a small basal oblique black fascia
placed on inner margin of each ocellus; beneath with
apical half black, basal portion ochreous. Antenne with
the first three joints about equal, third and fourth longest
and sub-equal; three basal joints castaneous, first darkest,
fourth castaneous with the basal half ochreous, fifth pitchy.
Pronotum with the lateral margins deeply sinuated, the
lateral angles very broadly prominent and somewhat
truncate ; marked irregularly with fasciz formed of con-
fluent black punctures, between which the ground colour is
much paler and more finely and sparsely punctured; a
pale, central longitudinal line extending half across disk
from anterior margin. Scutellum with the base somewhat
gibbous, on which is a paler ochreous patch mottled with
confluent black punctures ; on each side of this the surface
is abruptly deflexed and excavated, and defined with a some-
what obscure arctuated black fascia. The whole surface is
somewhat thickly and finely punctured, with the lateral
margins and apical half granulate. Costal margins of
corium marked with transverse black fascia. Sternum
ochreous, punctured, and mottled with black ; abdomen dark
castaneous, thickly and finely punctured on lateral margins,
more sparingly so on disk. Legs castaneous with ochreous
markings, tarsi dull, ochreous. Rostrum castaneous,
scarcely extending beyond posterior coxe.
Long. 10 millims. Lat. pronot. angl. 7 millims.
Hab. Peru.
_ Differs from. LZ. lobatus, at present the only other
known species of the genus, by its much larger size, the
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—part 1. (ocT.)
148 Mr. W. L. Distant on the
profoundly sinuated lateral margins of the pronotum, the
granulated scutellum, different coloration, &c.
Podisus cenescens, Stal. Rio. Jan. Hem. I. p. 11, 4
(1865).
Var. Apex of scutellum concolorous, not luteous,
abdomen beneath with a central row of large greenish-
black spots, on each side of which is a lateral row of
smaller ones of the same colour.
I have not seen typical specimens of this species, but
this form otherwiseayzrees so closely with Stal.’s description,
that I have identified it as a variety of the same. The
colour of the two basal joints of the antennze are very dark
- testaceous.
Hab. Teffe, Ega; Amazons (de Mathan). Coll. Oberthur.
Oplomus marginalis. Hope.
Pentatoma marginalis. Hope. Cat. Hem. I. p. 37 (1837).
Var. Differs from type in having the scutellum marked
with a central basal, somewhat triangular black spot,
which occupies about half its length. Corium without
black macular marking.
Hab. Obydos. Amazons (de Mathan). Coll. Oberthur.
Palomena amplificata, n. sp. (Plate V. fig. 2).
Above green, thickly punctured, head densely and finely
-punctated, the lateral margins slightly reflexed, lateral
lobes longer than central, and cleft at apex; pronotum
thickly punctate and somewhat rugulose, the lateral
margins ampliated and rounded, lateral angles obtusely pro-
minent; scutellum thickly punctured, somewhat rugulose.
Corium with the punctures somewhat finer and more
regular; membrane brassy, shining. Underside of body
paler, disk of abdomen and coxee pale luteous, legs green,
tarsi brown. Connexivum well produced, green, thickly
punctured. Antenne green, fourth and fifth joints brown,
the last joint with apical half pitchy ; second joint longer
than third; fourth and fifth sub-equal. Rostrum pale
luteous, with a central dark line, and apex narrowly pitchy.
Long. 13 to 14 millims. Lat. pronot. angl. 8 to 9
millims. Max. exp. abd. 8 to 9 millims.
Hab. Shantung, N. China.
This species is easily distinguished by the ampliated pro-
notum, and the broad ovate body.
Exotic Rhynchota. 149
Palomena spinosa, n. sp. (Plate V., fig. 3).
Above green, thickly, darkly, and coarsely punctured.
Head coarsely and somewhat densely punctured, the
lateral lobes longer than the central and cleft at apex, with
the lateral margins slightly reflexed. Antenne with the
first three joints green, fourth excepting base and whole of
fifth brown, second joint longer than the third, fourth and
fifth sub-equal. Pronotum coarsely punctured, somewhat
sparingly so on disk, with the lateral angles produced into
broad, obtusely pointed spines, somewhat rounded and
narrowly black at apex ; scutellum thickly punctured, more
sparingly so at apex ; corium thickly punctured, especially
near costa; membrane brassy, shining. Connexivum
green, thickly and darkly punctured, narrowly luteous on
outer margin, and at segmental incisures. Body beneath
paler, disk of abdomen, cox, and bases of femora some-
what luteous ; legs green, tarsi brown. Stigmata marked
with black dots. Rostrum luteous, with the apex narrowly
black
Long. 13 to 14 millims. Lat. pronot. angl. 9 to 10
millims.
Hab. N. India. Sind.
Allied to P. angulosa, Motsch., but separated at once
from that and all other species of the genus by the much
produced pronotal angles.
Caura excelsa, n. sp. (Plate V., fig. 4).
Dark shining blue or green, thickly and finely punctate.
Head very densely and finely punctate, luteous beneath.
Antennze concolorous, second joint shorter than the third,
fourth longest, third and fifth sub-equal. Pronotum and
scutellum very thickly punctate, obscurely rugulose; lateral
margins of pronotum somewhat ampliated, reflexed, and
rounded. Corium opaque, very finely and sparingly punc-
tured. Membrane pitchy opaque. Abdomen above and
connexivum luteous. Body beneath luteous. Prosternum,
mesosternum, and metasternum, with two transverse blue
-spots on each side ; abdomen with a sub-marginal row of
transverse bright blue spots, placed close together in pairs
on the base and apex of each segment; within these a
segmental row of three or four small spots and a central
row of transverse streaks of the sanie colour, cox luteous,
legs and rostrum dark blue.
Long. 15 millims. Lat. pronot. angl. 10 millims.
150 Mr. W. L. Distant on the
Hab. Calabar, W. Africa.
Allied to C. azurea Fabr.and C. bipartita Sign. Differs
in its larger size, and different colour of the head above.
The head is also much shorter than C. bipartita, and the
legs and head different colour to C. azurea.
Caura marginata, n. sp. (Plate V., fig. 5).
Above green, lateral borders of pronotum and _ basal
border of corium luteous. Head green, very thickly
punctured; pronotum and scutellum finely and densely
punctured, somewhat rugulose ; the colour of the head,
-pronotum, and scutellum is shiny, that of the corium
opaque and very finely punctate. Membrane pitchy opaque,
margins fuscous. Underside of the body luteous, with a
sub-marginal row of blueish spots, one on prosternum, one
on mesosternum, one on metasternum, and one on each
abdominal segment. Legs green, shiny. Antenne green,
first joint narrowly luteous at base, second joint slightly
longer than third (remainder mutilated). Rostrum luteous,
clouded with fuscous.
Long. 15 millims. Lat. pronot. ang]. 10 millims.
Hab. Calabar district, W. Africa.
Allied to preceding species, but less ovate, lateral
borders of pronotum more strongly reflexed, colour also
different.
Edessa inclyta, Walk. Cat. Het. pt. i. p. 445, 118,
(1868). Walker describes this species as having the
‘abdomen above black.’’ In all the specimens in my
collection, which have been carefully compared with the
type, the dorsal colour is dull red. The general colour
also varies from olive green to castaneous.
Hab. Bogota, Demerara. (Coll. Dist.) Amazons ; Obydos,
Ega. (Coll. Oberthur.)
Oncoscelis antennatus, n. sp. (Plate V., fig. 6).
Above purplish, with luteous markings; head luteous,
central lobe margined with fuscous, and an obscure fuscous
patch on front of each ocellus ; ocelli red, eyes black, lateral
borders strongly reflexed, antennze red; fourth jot, ex-
cepting base and apex, black ; second joint longest ; third
very short, not equal to first ; fourth slightly longer than
fifth. Pronotum purplish, with the frontal and lateral
margins; a broad central longitudinal fascia, and a narrow
obscure line at base luteous; within the lateral luteous
at ie a
Exotic Rhynchota. 151
border is a sub-marginal strongly indented black line; near
frontal margin, on each side of central fascia is an irregular
darker patch enclosing a small luteous space. Scutellum
purplish, with the basal angles narrowly, and a central
longitudinal fascia continued from that of pronotum, and
apex broadly luteous. Corium purplish, with basal margin,
radial suture for half its length from base, and apical
margin luteous. Connexivum luteous, with base and apex
of each segment black. Abdomen above reddish; mem-
brane dark, brassy, shining; underside of body and legs
luteous ; apices of femora, tibiz, and the tarsi purplish ;
stigmata black; abdomen centrally and longitudinally
sulcated.
Long. 22 millims. Max. lat. 12 millims.
Hab. Torres Straits.
Allied to O. sulciventris, Stal., but differs from that
species in having the abdomen sulcated in both sexes.
The colour is also very different, and fourth joint of the
antennee black, and not concolorous, as in O. sulciventris.
Plisthenes dilatatus. Monty.
Tesseratoma dilatatum, Montr. Ann. Sciene. phys. Sér.
2, vii. i. p. 100 (1855).
Oncomerus dilatatus. Voll. Faun. ent. ind. Néerl.
ili. p. 32, 4 (1868).
Stal. (En. Hem., i. p. 63) considered this species as a
variety only of P. meriane, Fab. Vollenhoven describes
it as being generally smaller than that species. I have not
been able to find agreement with either of these authors.
A specimen of P. dilatatus which I possess, from near Fort
Moresby, is considerably larger than specimens of P. me-
riane & and 2, which I have received from the same
locality and from Murray Island. These last agree with
the Australian varieties described by Stal., having the last
two joints of the antennz luteous, the base of the third
being black. The antennz will, however, I think separate
these forms.
Antenne with the second joint shorter than the third.
Abdomen beneath, with a central piceous longitudinal
Pa BAT. a!) 3) is. & «,) hatheeh at i ecmeriance
Antennz with the second and third joints sub-equal.
Abdomen beneath, with a central and two sub-marginal
longitudinal fascie . . . . . . P.dilatatus.
TRANS. ENT. soc., 1880.—ParT I. (OCT.) M
152 Mr. W. L. Distant on the
Tiarodes Meldolw, n. sp. Sanguineous ; head above,
apices of femora, bases of tibiz, and abdomen _blueish-
black, shining. Hemielytra, excepting a broad sanguine-
ous patch at base of costa, black opaque. Sternum with two
lateral and two central streaks of blueish-black.
Long. 20 to 22 millims.
Hab. Port Blair, Andaman Isles. (f. Meldola.)
Allied -to 7. versicolor, Lap., from which it differs by
the different colour of the tibize scutellum and underside
of abdomen, its much greater size, and also by the rela-
tive depth of the anterior and posterior lobes of the pro-
notum, which are, in that respect, sub-equal.
Fulgora andamanensis, n. sp. (Plate V., fig. 7, 7a).
Rostrum long, slender, ascending, as long as body;
beneath greenish-luteous, with the apex black, above black,
apical two-thirds, irrorated with small white spots, and a
luteous streak on each side within the eyes, which are also
luteous ; thorax above black, with dull luteous markings ;
abdomen above pale greenish-luteous, beneath black ; coxe
trochanters and femora fuscous, the last darkest, tibize and
tarsi black. Tegmina black, with the veins pale green, and
a number of brown spots encircled with pale greenish,
arranged in the following manner: a transverse row of
four near base, the upper three fused together; two
irregular transverse rows on disk, a little nearer together
than from basal row, followed by a straighter transverse
row of three smaller ones ; remaining apical portion occu-
pied by about twelve spots, of which the largest are two
fused together on costa, and one with a very small brown
centre about apex of inner margin; extreme apical spots
very small and somewhat indistinct. Wings blue, with the
apex broadly and outer margin somewhat narrowly black.
The veins on the blue portions of wings are green, with
the exception of two, which are narrowly black at base.
Long. rostr. 20 millims. Long. body 20 millims. Exp.
tegm. 68 millims.
Hab. Andaman Isles.
Allied to F’. Delessertii. Guer. and Ff. maculata, Oliv.
It somewhat resembles the first in pattern of tegmina, but
differs in length of rostrum, which in #. Delessertii is but
about half the length of the body. In length and structure
of rostrum which seems to be the structural character to
differentiate the species of this genus, it is more closely
allied to /. maculata; the rostrum, however, is longer
Exotic Rhynchota. 153
than in that species, being about equal to the length of the
body, and, besides the different pattern of the tegmina, the
wings are much more narrowly black along the posterior
margin.
Fiata (Colobesthes) Pryeri, n. sp. Body above and
tegmina pale greenish, wings pale greenish white. Teg-
mina with the costal, outer and inner margins (the last only
half the length from apex) narrowly and obscurely luteous,
and with an angular black line on disk, about half way from
base and about two-thirds the distance from costal margin.
Body beneath and legs somewhat luteous.
Long. body 10 millims. Exp. tegm. 36 millims.
Hab. Sandakan, N. Borneo. (Pryer.)
Face broad, convex, with a central raised line, the sides
ampliated. Posterior angle of tegmina attenuated and
acute, expanse at outer margin twice that of width near
base. Two well developed, transverse, somewhat irregular
series of veinlets preceding outer margin, and a third one
situated mid-way between these and the reticulated area.
Allied to C. marginata, Walk.
A. second specimen from Penang is in the collection of
the Brit. Mus.
a
— are Y ao a 7 7
( 155 )
XIII. On the Asiatic Lepidoptera referred to the genus.
Mycalesis; with descriptions of new genera and
species. By F. Moors, F.Z.S., &c.
{Read October 6th, 1880.]
Tur Asiatic species of butterflies hitherto described
under the genus Mycalesis are primarily divisible into
three groups: the first comprising species of which the
males possess a glandular-pouch (or scent-producing
organ) covered by a tuft of hair on both the fore and
hind wings; the second group of species possessing it
on the hind wings only; and the third of species which
have two on the hind wings.
These three groups, again, are composed of a number
of forms mostly possessing a different vein structure.
Thus separated they fall into a natural assemblage of
species.
I have not ventured into an examination of the
African species further than the determination of the
form and structure of the type of the genus Mycalesis
(viz. M. Hvadne, Cramer); finding, however, that this
form has no congener among the Asiatic representatives,
and that most of the described African species are
generically distinct from Mycalesis, some of them, more-
over, having no affinity with that genus of Satyrine.
Group I. With a glandular pouch and tuft on both wings.
N.g. VrIraPa.
Fore wing with costa arched in the middle, apex
convex, exterior margin oblique and even, posterior
angle acute; costal, subcostal, and median veins swollen
at the base; first subcostal branch emitted immediately
before end of the cell; disco-cellulars bent inward at
their middle; radials from upper near the cell. Male
with a glandular patch of raised scales on the middle of
submedian vein, the patch being partially covered by a
tuft of long fine hairs exserted outward from each side of
the vein. Hind wing oval, exterior margin convex ; first
subcostal in male much curved upward at the base and
thence straight to apex, emitted at more than half
distance before end of the cell, second very concave from
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—parT Iv. (DEC.) N
156 Mr. F. Moore on the Asiatic Lepidoptera
base of first to end of the cell; upper disco-cellular out-
wardly convex, lower straight and oblique, radial from
their middle; two upper median branches emitted at
some distance beyond end of the cell. Male with a tuft
of fine long hairs exserted over a glandular patch at end
of subcostal ven. yes very slightly hairy. Antenne
with a well-formed slender club. Palpi uniformly pilose
beneath to tip.
Type. V.. Anaxias.
Virapa Anaxias.
Mycalesis Anaxias, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. i. p. 86;
Myc. pl. 4, figs. 25, 26 (1862).
Hab.—Darjiling (Atkinson); Khasia Hills (Austen) ;
Nilgiris.
Virapa Radza.
Mycalesis Radza, Moore, P.Z.8., 1877, p. 588, pl. 58,
es A
Hab.—Andaman Isles.
N. g. GARERIS.
Wings broader than in Virapa. Fore wing more
angular at apex, the costa much more arched, venation
of male and the glandular patch of raised scales and
tuft similar. Hind wing with the first subcostal branch
in the male swollen beneath at its base above the cell,
and covered on the upper side by a tuft of hair; the two
upper median branches emitted from end of the cell.
Eyes hairy.
Type. G. Sanatana, Moore.
Gareris Sanatana.
Mycalesis Sanatana, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i.
De 2oldso7).
Hab.—Darjiling (Atkinson); Khasia Hills (Austen).
Gareris Francisca.
Papilio Francisca, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv., pl. 326,
feptiewes. lf 80),.o 8
FTab,—China.
referred to the genus Mycalesis. 157
Gareris Perdiccas.
Mycalesis Perdiccas, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. ili. p. 84;
Myc. pl. 3, fig. 15 (1862).
Hab.—Japan ; Shanghai.
Gareris Gopa.
Mycalesis Gopa, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. iii. p. 501
(1867); Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 140.
Hab.—Danjiling (Atkinson).
N.g. Satoa.
Male.—Wings short; fore wing more arched than in
Virapa, apex more rounded; exterior margin less oblique ;
second subcostal branch emitted before end of the cell; a
tuft of fine hair covering a glandular patch below sub-
median vein; hind wing subconical, exterior margin
oblique, anal angle convex, abdominal margin short; a
tuft of fine hair covering a glandular subcostal patch ;
cell short, broad at its end; subcostal deeply recurved
at its end, first branch emitted near end of the cell,
second bent downward; disco-cellulars straight, slightly
oblique; middle median emitted before end of the cell.
Antenne with a slender club; palpi somewhat stout.
yes hairy.
Satoa Maianeas.
Mycalesis Maianeas, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. ui. p. 87;
Myc. pl. 5, figs. 27, 28 (1864),¢; Butler, Catal.
Satyr. B. M. p. 1381.
Hab.—Malay Peninsula (Malacca) ; Borneo (Sarawak).
N.g. Saparea.
Fore wing shorter, with more rounded and less oblique
exterior margin than in Virapa; venation similar, but
the veins more curved. Male with a slight tuft (but no
perceptible glandular patch of raised scales) on sub-
median vein before the swollen base. Hind wing very
convex externally ; first subcostal in male not curved at
the base; second concave at base and much swollen
beneath between first and end of the cell, and with a
slight tuft of hairs above; two upper median branches
158 Mr. F. Moore on the Asiatic Lepidoptera
emitted from angle before end of the cell. Hyes
hairy.
Type. S. Gotama, Moore.
Sadarga Gotama.
Mycalesis Gotama, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i.
p. 282 (1857); Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 134.
M. borealis, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. 11. p. 500 (1867).
Hab.—China (Shanghai) ; Japan.
Sadarga Madjicosa.
Mycalesis Madjicosa, Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 1387,
plea, ae. 10,2.
Hab.—Madjico-Sima.
Sadarga oculata.
Male and female-—Similar on the upper side to
S. Charaka, the ocelli of the same large size, but the
lower somewhat laterally bulged. On the under side
the basal area is paler, being of a pale purplish
ochreous, the discal transverse line having a much
broader yellowish border; the ocelli on both wings are
very prominent, and slightly larger than those in
S. Gotama.
Expanse, of 1,%., 2 27.
Hab.—N. EK. India (Silhet). In Coll., F. Moore.
Sadarga Charaka.
Mycalesis Charaka, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 566.
Hab.—N. E. India (Silhet).
N.g. Dawapa.
Fore wing more triangular than in Gareris, costa less
arched, the exterior margin oblique. Male with a
similar glandular patch of raised scales and tuft on the
submedian vein, but less prominent. Hind wing not so
broad, somewhat quadrate in form; exterior margin and
anal angle more convex, and waved; first subcostal
slightly swollen at the base beneath, tufted above ; |
second branch with a slightly raised fold on the upper
side extending from first branch to near the end. Hyes
hairy. Club of antenne thicker.
Type. D. Sudra.
referred to the genus Mycalesis. 159
Dalapa Sudra.
Mycalesis Sudra, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. iii. p. 500,
pl. 67, fig. 10 (1867).
Hab.—Java; Sumatra.
N. g. Surabaya.
Fore wing comparatively lone and narrow; costa
slightly arched ; exterior margin oblique, almost straight
and even. Male with a very slight glandular patch
(more distinct beneath) sparsely covered with delicate
short hairs. Hind wing small, oval; exterior margin
convex, waved ; first subcostal branch slightly swollen at
its base, second very concave at its base; cell narrow;
disco-cellulars very oblique. Male with a long tuft of
hair covering a glandular patch above base of first
subcostal branch. Eyes almost naked. Antennal club
slender.
Types S. Orsers.
Suralaya Orseis.
Mycalesis Orseis, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. iil. p. 89, Myc.
pl. 6, fig. 86, 87 (1864) ; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M.
p- 186.
Hab.—Sumatra ; Borneo.
Genus ORSOTRIMNA.
Orsotriena, Wallengren, Kongl. Vet. Akad. Férh. xv.
p- 79 (1858).
Fore wing comparatively shorter, exterior margin less
oblique, apex and posterior angle convex; costal vein
only, in both sexes, swollen at the base. Male with a
tuft of fine hairs covering a glandular patch above the
base of submedian vein. Hind wing less arched at the
base, anal angle convex; first subcostal branch emitted
immediately before end of the cell, middle median also
emitted before lower end of the cell. Male with no
erectile tuft at the base of subcostal, being replaced by a
slight tuft of more delicate and recumbent hairs above
and below the median vein. Hyes naked.
Type. O. Medus.
160 Mr. FE’. Moore on the Asiatic Lepidoptera
Orsotriena Medus.
Papilio Medus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 488 (1775).
P. Hesione, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 11, fig. c, p (1775).
Mycalesis Hesione, Hiibner, Verz. Vek. Schmett. p. 55;
Hewits. Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool. vii. p. 146; Butler,
Catal. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 34.
Orsotriena Hesione, Wallengren, Kongl. Vet. Akad. xv.
p. 30:
Papilio Doris, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 362, fig. c
(1782).
P. Hamilcar, Herbst, Naturs. Schmett. vill. p. 738,
pl. 198, fig. 8 (1796).
Mycalesis cinerea, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 401,
ples, 129.
Hab.—India (Gangetic Plains); British Burmah ;
Malay Peninsula; Nicobars; Singapore; Sumatra;
Java; Flores; Timor; Macassar; Borneo (Sarawak).
Orsotriena mutata.
Mycalesis mutata, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 612.
Hab.—New Hebrides ; New Ireland.
Orsotriena mandata.
Mycalesis mandata, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i.
p- 233 (1857); Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 189.
M. Gamaliba, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1867, pl. 2, fig.
SOL Ay Be
Hab.—S. India (Malabar) ; Ceylon.
Orsotriena mandosa.
Mycalesis mandosa, Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus.
p. 189, pl. 3, fig. 9 (1868).
Hab.—S. India (Malabar).
Orsotriena Runeka.
Mycalesis Runeka, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i.
p. 284 (1857).
Hab.—N. India (Darjiling, Cherra, Calcutta, Deyra
Doon); British Burmah; Hainan.
referred to the genus Mycalesis. 161
Orsotriena Jopas.
Mycalesis Jopas, Hewitson, Hxotic Butt. iii. Myc. pl. 4,
fig. 24 (1864).
Hab.—Macassar; Tondano; Sula.
Group Il. With a glandular pouch and tuft on hind
wing only.
N. g. CALYsISME.
Mycalesis (part), Hubner, &e.
Wings short, broad. Fore wing with the costa arched
at base, apex acute in male, less so in female, exterior
margin oblique and curved, posterior angle acute ; costal,
median, and submedian veins swollen at the base ; second
subcostal branch emitted immediately before end of the
cell; cell broad; disco-cellulars very concave, radials
from two angles in upper near subcostal. Hind wing
oval; costa arched at base; exterior margin convex,
dentate; first subcostal branch emitted and swollen
before end of the cell; disco-cellulars slightly concave,
radial from their middle; two upper median branches
from end of the cell; male with a tuft of long hairs at
base of subcostal covering a glandular patch of scales.
Body slender; palpi porrect, slender, finely pilose
beneath ; legs slender. Eyes hairy. Antenne slender
at tip.
Type. C. Drusia.
Calysisme Drusia.
Papilo Drusia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 84, fig. c, p
(ESO). 2.
Mycalesis Drusia, Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 188; id.,
Catal. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 33.
Hab.—India (Bengal); Andaman and Nicobar Isles ;
China (Cramer).
Calysisme Justina.
Papilio Justina, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 326, fig. c
(1780).
Mycalesis Justina, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 55;
Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 135.
Hab.—S. India (Malabar).
162 Mr. F. Moore on the Asiatic Lepidoptera
Calysisme Mamerta.
Papilio Mamerta, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 326, fig. p
(1780).
Mycalesis Mamerta, Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 186.
Hab.—China (Cramer) ; Formosa (Swinhoe).
Calysisme Mineus.
Papilio Mineus, Linneus, Syst. Nat. i. u. p. 768 (1767) ;
Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 488.
Mycalesis Mineus, Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 135;
id., Catal. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 34.
Hab.—India (Bombay); Ceylon; Java; Hong-Kong.
Calysisme Polydecta.
Papilio Polydecta, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 11. pl. 144, fig. 5, F
(CUED
Mycalesis Polydecta, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1867, p.
402, pl. 9, f. 5, 62; Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 185.
Hab.—Borneo. [Tranquebar, Cramer.]
Calysisme Igoleta.
Mycalesis Igoleta, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats. vii. p. 127
(18638) ; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 188.
Hab.—Philippines (Luzon).
Calysisme Nautilus.
Mycalesis Nautilus, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 402,
pl. 9, f. 7; ad., Catal..Satyr. B. M. p. 186.
Hab.—Malacea.
Calysisme Justinella.
Mycalesis Justinella, Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 185,
pl. 3, fig. 12 (1868).
Hab.—Philippines.
Calysisme Blasius.
Papilio Blasius, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 426
(1798).
Mycalesis Blasius, Butler, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 720,
fio. 4; ad., Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 187; éd., Catal.
Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 34.
referred to the genus Mycalesis 163
M. lurida, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1879, Dione:
Hab.—India (Cachar); Pegu; Ceylon; Singapore ;
Java; Formosa; Philippines.
Calysisme Samba.
Mycalesis Samba, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. J. C. i.
p. 233 (1857) ; Butler. Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 187.
Hab.—India (Caleutta).
Calysisme Lalassis.
Mycalesis Lalassis, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. iii. p. 89,
Myce. pl. 6, fig. 35 (1864) ; Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool.
vill. p. 147 ; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 187.
Hab.—Gilolo ; Amboyna.
Calysisme Cepheus.
Mycalesis Cepheus, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 402,
pl. 9, fig. 8,492; id., Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 184.
Hab.—Penang.
Calysisme lugens.
Mycalesis lugens, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 612.
Hab.—New Hebrides.
Calysisme Zia.
Mycalesis Zia, Butler, ‘Entomologist’ iv. p. 847 (1869).
Hab.—Australia (Queensland).
Calysisme Perseus.
Papilio Perseus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 488 (1775), @ ;
Donovan, Ins. New Holl. pl. 26, f. 3.
Mycalesis Perseus, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 718,
fig. 2; Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 183; Catal. Fabr.
Lep. B. M. p. 33.
Papilio otrea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 314, fig. a B
(E780); 2
P. Tabitha, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. i. 1. p. 248 (1793).
Satyrus Zopyrus, Kollar, in Hugel’s Reise Kaschmir, iv.
p- 450 (1844).
Hab.—India (Bombay ; Deyra Doon; Simla; Oudh ;
Calcutta).
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—pPaRT IV. (DEC.) O
164 Mr. F. Moore on the Asiatic Lepidoptera
Calysisme indistans, n. sp.
Differs from C. Perseus in having a more distinctly-
pointed apex and straighter exterior margin, resembling
in these respects C. visala ; the colour is uniformly much
paler above; the under side is especially paler, the
transverse discal pale-bordered line more even, and that
on the fore wing is slightly curved inward, the marginal
spots are less prominent, or only visible as white spaces,
and sometimes are quite obsolete.
Expanse, f 1¢ 2 2in.
Hab.—Calcutta. In coll. F. Moore.
Calysisme Ostrea.
Mycalesis Ostrea, Hubner, Exot. Schmett. Zutriige, fig.
79, 80,%; Moore, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 566 (note) nec
Cramer.
M. Ostrea, Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 394 (1851).
Hab.—China ; Hainan (Swinhoe).
Calysisme Visala.
Mycalesis Visala, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. J. C. 1.
p. 280 (1857) ; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 183.
Hab.—India (Sikkim).
N. g. JATANA.
Male.—Wings short ; fore wing narrow, very much
arched at base, apex convex; exterior margin oblique,
straight. Hind wing somewhat quadrate ; costa very
convex in the middle, apex slightly angular; exterior
margin oblique, slightly convex, anal angle prolonged ;
abdominal margin long; a tuft of fine hair at base of
subcostal ; cell short and broad at the end; subcostal
straight at its base, first branch emitted near end of the
cell, second straight at its base; upper disco-cellular
straight, lower slightly curved and oblique; two upper
median branches from end of the cell. Antenne with a
stout club; palpi pilose to the tip. Eyes slightly hairy.
Jatana Mynovrs.
Mycalesis Mynois, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. in.; Maye.
pl. 5, fig. 29, 80 (1864) ; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M.
p- 144.
Hab.—Timor.
referred to the genus Mycalesis. 165
Genus Cunapa.
Culapa, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 825.
Fore wing longer than in Calysisme ; costa very
slightly arched, apex produced, exterior margin very
oblique and slightly convex below the apex; cell longer
and narrower ; third subcostal branch nearer the fourth.
Hind wing somewhat quadrate, apical angle slightly
acute, exterior margin convex hindward and truncated
at anal angle, abdominal margin long; cell triangular ;
disco-cellulars very oblique; middle median branch
emitted at some distance before lower end of the cell.
Male with a tuft of fine hair exserted from base of cell
and covering a small glandular patch above base of first
subcostal branch. Antenne witha well-formed, slightly-
stout club. Palpi compactly clothed with shorter hair.
Eyes hairy.
Culapa Mnasicles.
Mycalesis Mnasicles, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. i.; Mye.
pl. 5, fig. 338, 384 (1864); Butler, Catal. Satyr.
B. M. p. 141.
Culapa Mnasicles, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 825.
Hab.—Sumatra; Burmah (Tenasserim ; Moulmain).
N. g. PacHama.
Wings large and broad, but comparatively shorter
than in Samanta. Fore wing with costa arched in the
middle, apex rounded, exterior margin slightly oblique
and convex, cilia prominent. Hind wing somewhat
bluntly conical, exterior margin slightly arched, apex
somewhat angled, exterior margin very oblique and
scarcely convex ; cilia prominent ; first subcostal emitted
at some distance before end of the cell; cell longer, end
much pointed ; disco-cellulars very oblique, radial from
a slight angle near subcostal. Male with a subcostal
tuft and glandular patch, as in Samanta. Palpi slender
at tip. Eyes hairy. Antennal club gradually formed.
Pachama Mestra.
Mycalesis Mestra, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. in. p. 79;
Mye. pl. 1, fig. 2 (1862) ; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M.
palsy.
Hab.—l. Bengal (Khasia Hills).
166 Mr. F. Moore on the Asiatic Lepidoptera
N. g. Inpauasa.
Male.—Fore wing somewhat narrow; costa arched at
base, apex convex; exterior margin oblique, straight ;
hind wing narrow, conical; anterior margin arched at
base, apex slightly produced; exterior margin oblique,
slightly convex; cell long, fusiform; a fuft of fine hair
at base of subcostal; first subcostal branch half way
between the costal and second; disco-cellulars very
oblique; two upper median branches from end of the
cell. Antenne with a moderately formed club. Palpi
pointed and hairy to tip. Hyes slightly hairy.
Indalasa Moore.
Mycalesis Moorei, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. i. p.
502, pl. 67, fig. 9 (1867).
Hab.—Java.
N.g. SaMANTA. ~
Fore wing arched towards the apex, angle convex.
Hind wing conical; exterior margin waved; first and
second subcostal branches emitted together from end of
the cell, base of the first straight ; disco-cellulars straight
and very slightly oblique; cell short; male with a small
tuft covering a glandular patch of scales above base of
subcostal branch. LHyes hairy.
Type. S. Malsara.
Samanta Malsara.
Mycalesis Malsara, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. EH. I. C. 1.
p- 231 (1857) ; Hewitson, Exotic Butt. i. p. 80;
Myce. pl. 1. figs. 5, 6.
Hab.—N. EK. India (Darjiling ; Cherra).
Samanta rudis, n. sp.
Male.—Upper side similar to S. Malsara, the pale
band on the fore wing being narrower. Under side
ochreous-brown, with darker brown strige, somewhat
greyish brown on external borders ; both wings with an
ochreous-yellow transverse discal band, the inner margin
of which is well defined, the outer suffused; a sub-
marginal series of minute indistinct white-speckled spots,
referred to the genus Mycalesis. 167
the two subanal being ringed with black; an indistinct
ochreous-speckled pale streak crossing middle of the cell
on both wings.
Expanse, 13 inch.
Hab.—N. India. In coll. F. Moore.
Samanta Lepcha, n. sp.
Male.—Upper side brown; fore wing with an in-
distinct pale transverse discal narrow line, and two
or three submarginal indistinct blind ocelli, the upper
two minute ; hind wing with one or two similar subanal
ocelli. Under side brighter coloured, greyish externally,
covered with numerous darker brown strige ; both wings
with a prominent very narrow ochreous-yellow transverse
discal band, and a submarginal series of indistinct minute
black and white speckled spots ; a pale speckled indistinct
streak crossing both cells.
Expanse, 2 inches.
Hab.—Nepal (General Ramsay.) In coll. F. Moore.
Samanta Hert.
Mycalesis Heri, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. HE. I. C. i.
p. 283 (1857), 2; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 184.
Hab.—N. E. India.
Samanta Nicotia.
Mycalesis Nicotia, Hewitson, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 394,
pl. 66, f. 4 (1851), 2; id., Exotic Butt. i. Myce.
pl. 1, f.1,%; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 139.
Hab.—N. E. India (Darjiling).
N. g. TELINGA.
Fore wing comparatively long and narrow, apex
slightly convex, exterior margin oblique, nearly straight,
posterior margin convex near the base; cell long. Hind
wing broad, somewhat quadrate; costa arched at base
and thence straight to apex; exterior margin waved,
convexly angular in the middle, anal angle convex ; cell
broad, triangular ; disco-cellulars very long and oblique ;
second subcostal emitted just before end of the cell;
168 Mr. F. Moore on the Asiatic Lepidoptera
upper and middle median branches from lower end of the
cell. Male with a small subcostal tuft and glandular
patch. Palpi stout at tip. Eyes hairy. Club of
antenna well formed.
Telinga Adolphet.
Satyrus Adolphei, Guérin, Delessert’s Souv. Voy. Inde,
p- 76 (1848).
Mycalesis Adolphei, Westwood and Hewits. Gen. D.
Lep. p. 394; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 189.
M. Onatas, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. ii. p. 90; Myc. pl. 6,
fie. 40 (1864).
Hab.—South India (Nilgiris).
N. g. Kapanpa.
Wings short, broad. Fore wing very much arched
from the base, apex and exterior margin slightly convex
and even; cell short and broad. Hind wing bluntly
conical, short ; exterior margin almost even, anal angle
very convex ; costal vein quite short and nearly straight ;
first subcostal branch emitted immediately before end of
the cell; disco-cellulars almost erect; cell very short ;
middle median branch emitted before lower end of the
cell; male with a slight subcostal tuft and glandular
patch of scales; median branches dilated and grooved at
their base on the upper side. Antenne short, slender.
HKyes hairy. Palpi slender at tip.
Type. K. Malsarida.
Kabanda Malsarida.
Mycalesis Malsarida, Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 184,
pl. 3, fig. 14 (1868).
Hab.—k. Bengal (Khasias ; Cherra Punji).
Kabanda Khasiana.
Mycalesis Khasiana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874,
p- 566.
Htab.—K.. Bengal (Khasia Hills).
referred to the genus Mycalesis. 169
N.g. Marranpa.
Wings short. Fore wing somewhat triangular, apex
slightly pointed, exterior margin slightly oblique, nearly
straight and even. Hind wing bluntly oval; costa very
broadly convex at the base; exterior margin conyex,
slightly waved; cell long, very pointed at lower end;
first and second subcostal branches from end of the cell ;
disco-cellulars very oblique ; male with a double subcostal
tuft covering the glandular patch of scales. Antenne
short, club stout. Hyes hairy. Palpi slender at tip.
Type. M. Janardana.
Martanda Janardana.
Mycalesis Janardana, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C.i.
p. 234 (1857) ; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 186.
Hab.—Java; Sumatra; Malacca.
Martanda Megamede.
Mycalesis Megamede, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. iii. p. 84 ;
Myc. pl. 38, fig. 14 (1862); Butler, Catal. Satyr.
B.M. p. 136 (Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. viii. p. 147).
Hab.—Macassar ; Ternate; Gilolo; Batchian.
Martanda Sangaica.
Mycalesis Sangaica, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1877, p. 95.
Hab.—N. China (Shanghai).
N. g. NISSANGA.
Wings short. Fore wing slightly arched at the base,
exterior margin long, slightly convex, and nearly erect;
second subcostal emitted at end of the cell. Hind wing
bluntly conical; costa broadly convex at the base and
thence oblique to the apex; exterior margin oblique ;
cell short, quadrate, broad at its end; subcostal not
swollen, its first branch emitted immediately before end
of the cell; disco-cellulars erect, equal in length ; two
upper median branches emitted at some distance beyond
the cell; male with a tuft of fine hair covermg a
elandular patch at base of subcostal branches. Antenne
gradually thickened to tip. Eyes hairy. Apical joint of
palpi long and slender.
Type. N. Patnia, Moore.
170 Mr. F. Moore on the Asiatic Lepidoptera .
Nissanga Patnia.
Mycalesis Patnia, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. J. C. i.
p- 232, gs (1857); Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M.
p- 146.
Hab.—Ceylon.
Nissanga Junonia.
Mycalesis Junonia, Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 146,
pl. 8, fig. 4 (1868).
Hab.—S. India (Nilgiris).
N. g. Myposama.
Dasyomma,* Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats. iv. p. 401
(1860).
Wings short. Fore wing regularly arched along the
costa; exterior margin slightly convex and oblique ;
second subcostal branch emitted immediately before end
of the cell; disco-cellulars very slightly concave. Hind
wing bluntly conical ; costa convex ; exterior margin and
angles convex, slighly waved; cell broadly triangular ;
first subcostal branch emitted close to end of the cell,
and in the male swollen at its base; disco-cellulars
oblique, slightly concave ; two upper median branches
emitted from end of the cell. Male with a tuft of fine
hair covering a glandular patch at base of first subcostal
branch. Eyes hairy. Antennal club moderate. Palpi
less laxly clothed beneath than in Nissanga, and the
terminal joint shorter.
Type. M. fuscum.
Mydosana fuscum.
Dasyomma fuscum, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats. iv.
p. 401 (1860).
Mycalesis fuscum, Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 144.
M. Diniche, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. 11. p. 85, Myc. pl. 4,
fig. 23 (1862), 3; id., Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool. viii.
p- 146.
M. Margites, Hewitson, l.c., v. Myc. pl. 9, f. 59 (1874), 2.
Hab.—Malay Peninsula; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo.
* Previously used (1840) in Diptera.
referred to the genus Mycalesis. fia
Mydosama Anapita.
Mycalesis Anapita, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i.
p- 232 (1857); Hewitson, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool.
vil. p. 146; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 146.
Hab.—Borneo; Sumatra.
Mydosama Remulia.
Papilio Remulia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pl. 237, f. ¥ G
Tio).
Mycalesis Remulia, Hewitson, Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool.
vil. p. 145; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 143.
Hab.—Java; Bouru; Amboyna; Ceram; Mysol ;
Waigiou; Salwatty; Gilolo; Ternate; Batchian; Morty.
Mydosama Terminus.
Papilio Terminus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 488 (1775) ;
Donovan, Ins. New Holl. pl. 28, fig. 4.
Mycalesis Ternunus, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 720,
fig. 3, 8a; Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 148; Catal. Fabr.
Lep. B. M. p. 35.
Hab.—Australia (New Holland).
Mydosama flagrans.
Mycalesis flagrans, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1876, p. 243.
Hab.—New Guinea.
Mydosama Cacodemon.
Mycalesis Cacodemon, Kirsch, Mitth. Mus. Dresden, i.
p- 118, pl. 6, f. 5, 5a (1877).
Hab.—New Guinea.
Mydosama Messene.
Mycalesis Messene, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. iii. p. 81,
Myce. pl. 2, fig. 8, 9 (1862); Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool.
Vili. p. 145; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 142.
Hab.—Ternate ; Batchian; Gilolo; Morty.
Mydosama Mehadeva.
Satyrus Mehadeva, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Lep.
p- 151 (1882).
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—PaRr IV. (DEC.) P
172 Mr. F. Moore on the Asiatic Lepidoptera
Mycalesis Mehadeva, Hewitson, Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool.
vill. p. 145; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 143.
Hab.—Dorey.
Mydosama Asophis.
Mycalesis Asophis, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. i. p. 85, Myc.
pl. 4, fig. 20, 21 (1862); Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool.
vil. p. 145; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 144.
Hab.—New Guinea; Waigiou; Mysol; Ternate.
Mydosama Afthiops.
Mycalesis 4ithiops, Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 141,
pl. 3, fig. 11 (1868).
Hab.—New Guinea.
Mydosama Bazochi.
Satyrus Bazochti, Guerin, Voy. Coquille, Atlas, Ins.
pl. 14 4, f. 3, (1829).
Mycalesis Bazochii, Kirby, Catal. D. Lep. 91.
Satyrus Cyanites, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Lep. p. 152
(1832).
Mycalesis Cyamites, Hewitson, Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool.
vill. p. 145; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 142.
Hab.—Dorey.
Mydosama Ita.
Mycalesis Ita, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats. vii. p. 125
(1863); Reise Novara Lep. i. pl. 68, fig. 8, 9;
Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 145.
Hab.—Philippines (Luzon).
Mydosana Feldert.
Mycalesis Felderi, Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 144,
pl. 3, fig. 5 (1868).
Hab.—Philippines.
Mydosama Itys.
Mycalesis Itys, Felder, Reise Novara Lep. ii. p. 508;
Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 145.
Hab.—Celebes.
referred to the genus Mycalesis. 1738
Mydosama Sirius.
Papilio Sirws, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 488 (1775);
Donovan, Ins. New Holl. pl. 28, fig. 3.
Mycalesis Sirius, Butler, P. Z. S. 1867, Da (20s task
Id. Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 144; Id. Catal. Faby.
luep. B. M. p. 35.
Hab.—Australia (New Holland).
Mydosama Zacheus.
Papilio Zacheus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 217
(1798).
Hab.—Australia.
Mydosama Manipa.
Satyrus Manipa, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Lep. p. 150
(1882).
Mycalesis Manipa, Hewitson, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool.
vill. p. 146.
Mycalesis Daidis, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. i. p. 85, Myc.
pl. 4, fig. 22 (1862).
Hab.—Bouru; Amboyna; Ceram.
Mydosama Shiva.
Satyrus Shiva, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Lep. p. 149
(1832).
Mycalesis Shiva, Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 148.
Hab.—New Guinea (Dorey).
Mydosama Phidon.
Mycalesis Phidon, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. 11. p. 84, Myc.
pl. 8, fig. 16 (1862); Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. vii.
p- 146; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 141.
Hab.—Ayru.
Mydosama Cesona.
Mycalesis Cesonia, Wallengren, Wien. Ent. Monats.
1860, p. 36.
Hab.—Manilla.
: N. g. NEBpaRa.
Male. Wings short, broad; fore wing with the costa
arched, apex slightly convex; exterior margin oblique,
nearly straight; hind wing with the costa arched at
i: Mr. F. Moore on the Asiatic Lepidoptera
the base; exterior margin convex hindward, waved;
abdominal margin long; cell long; subcostal vein
slightly swollen before emitting the first branch, the
first branch emitted before upper half length of the cell;
disco-cellulars long, very oblique; middle median branch
emitted before lower end of the cell; a tuft of fine hair
at base of subcostal. Antenne with a gradually formed
club. Third joint of palpi long, slender. Eyes hairy.
Type. N. Tagala.
Nebdara Tagala.
Mycalesis Tagala, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats. vu.
p- 126 (1863); Reise Novara, Lep. ui. pl. 67,
fig. 7, 8; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 143.
Hab.—Philippines (Bourias Loeban, Mindanao).
Nebdara Bisaya.
Mycalesis Bisaya, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats. vi.
p-. 127 (1863) ; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 148.
M. Semperi, Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 187, pl. 8,
fig. 7 (1868) 3.
M. Mareotis, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. i. p. Myc. pl. 9,
fig. 58 ? (1874).
Hab.—Philippines (Bourias, Loeban, Luzon).
Nebdara Amena.
Mycalesis Amena, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18738, p. 339,
ple oa, 10. 1.
Hab.—Borneo.
N.g. SEVANDA.
Fore wing more lengthened than in Mydosama; apex
somewhat produced, exterior margin very oblique; disco-
cellulars deeply concave. Hind wing broad, bluntly
oval; cell very broad ; first subcostal branch emitted at
some distance before end of the cell; disco-cellulars
slightly oblique; upper median branch emitted from
end of the cell, middle branch immediately before the
end; male with the first subcostal branch swollen
beneath at its base, with a tuft of fine hairs above
covering the glandular patch. Antenne and _ palpi
stouter. Eyes hairy.
Type. S. Duponchel.
referred to the genus Mycalesis. 175
Sevanda Duponcheli.
Satyrus Duponchelu, Guerin, Voy. Coquille, pl. 17, fig. 8
(1829), 3s.
S. Dorycus, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Lep. p. 152 (1882).
Mycealesis Dorycus, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. ii. p. 81,
Myc. pl. 2, figs. 7, 10; Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool. viii.
p. 145; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 141.
M. Getulia, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats. iii. p. 404
(1859), 3.
Hab.—Dorey; Aru.
Sevanda Mucia.
Mycalesis Mucia, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. ii. p. 82,
Myc. pl. 2, figs. 11, 12 (1862); Butler, Catal. Satyr.
B. M. p. 142; Kirsch, Mitth. Zool. Mus. Dresden, i.
p; LS.
Hab.—Aru.
N. g. Lowora.
Wings broader than in Sevandra. Fore wing convex
at the base and apex, exterior margin convex and slightly
oblique; second subcostal branch emitted at some
distance beyond end of the cell; lower disco-cellular
extremely concave. Hind wing broadly oval; costa
nearly straight to apex; exterior margin convex; first
subcostal branch emitted at half length of the cell;
disco-cellulars obliquely concave; two upper median
branches from end of the cell. Male with a tuft of fine
hairs covering a small glandular patch at base of sub-
costal branch. Antenne with a gradually thickened
club. Palpi compactly clothed to the tip beneath.
HKyes hairy.
Type. L. Dexamena.
Lohora Dexamena.
Mycalesis Dexamenus, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. ili. p. 83,
Myc. pl. 8, figs. 17, 18 (1862) ; Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool.
viii. p. 146; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 142.
Hab.—TYondano.
Lohora Dinon.
Mycalesis Dinon, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. i. p. 88, Myc.
pl. 5, fig. 831 (1864); Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. vii.
p- 146; Butler, Catal. Satyr. B. M. p. 142.
176 Mr. F. Moore on the Asiatic Lepidoptera
M. Dexamenus (part), Hewits., Exotic Butt. i., Myc.
pl. 8, 1g. LO?
Hab.—Maceassar.
Lohora Deianra.
Mycalesis Deianira, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. in. p. 88,
Myc. pl. 3, fig. 18 (1862); Butler, Catal. Satyr.
B. M. p. 142.
M. Dora, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. i. p. 88 (1864);
Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool. viii. p. 146.
Hab.—Tondano.
N.g. Nasapa.
Male.—Fore wing slightly arched at the base and
before the apex; exterior margin oblique, slightly convex
below the apex; hind wing oval; costa arched from the
base; exterior margin and anal angle convex; a tuft of
fine hair covering a subcostal patch; cell short; first
and second subcostal branches at equal distances from
the costal; upper disco-cellular oblique, slightly concave,
lower nearly erect; two upper median branches from
end of the cell. Antenne gradually clavate; palpi laxly
pilose beneath, tip rather short, pointed. Hyes hairy.
Nasapa Aramis.
Mycalesis Aramis, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. ii. p. 91,
Myc. pl. 7, fig. 48 (1866); Butler, Catal. Satyr.
Be Mp. 129:
Hab.—Philippines.
Genus Mycanmsis.
Mycalesis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 55 (1816).
Fore wing much arched at the base, apex slightly acute; exterior
margin convex, oblique; hind wing broadly conical; costa convex in
middle, apex and exterior margin convex; anal angle produced;
abdominal margin long; cell narrow: first and second subcostal
branches emitted together from a foot-stalk above middle of tbe cell, the
foot-stalk swollen; a tuft of fine hair covering a glandular patch at
swollen base of subcostal branches; disco-cellulars very long and
oblique; two upper median branches from end of the cell. Antennal
club well formed ; palpi stout, pilose. Eyes naked.
Type. M. Evadne, Cramer.
Hab.—wW. Africa.
referred to the genus Mycalesis. Le
Group III. With two glandular pouches and
tufts on hind wing.
N.g. Lossa.
Male.—¥ore wing somewhat elongated and narrow;
costa arched at the base and apex; exterior margin
oblique, slightly convex ; second subcostal branch emitted
at some distance beyond the cell; hind wing bluntly
ovate; costa arched at base; apex, exterior margin and
anal angle convex; a tuft of fine hair at base of
subcostal, and a slender tuft covering a groove on middle
of submedian vein; cell short, broad in the middle;
subcostal concave at its base, first branch emitted close
to end of the cell, second concave at its base; disco-
cellulars long, oblique, straight; two upper median
branches from end of the cell. Antenne with a well-
formed terminal club; palpi pointed at tip. Eyes hairy.
Loesa Oroatis.
Mycalesis Oroatis, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. 11. p.
Myc. pl. 6, figs. 38, 39 (1864) ; Butler, Catal. Satyr.
B. M. p. 188.
Hab.—Java.
Species not examined, and of which the genus is
therefore undeterminable :—
Mycalesis Nala, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats. in. p. 403
(1859).
Hab.—Java.
Mycalesis Pandea, Hopff. Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1874, p. 39.
Hab.—Celebes.
Cia =)
XIV. On the Buprestide from Madagascar.
By Cuas. O. WatERHOUSsE.
[Read October 6th, 1880. ]
Recentiy M. James Thomson has published* a paper on
the Buprestide from Madagascar usually included in the
genus Psiloptera. He distributes the species known to
him under eighteen subgenera, sixteen of which are new.
Whether this is a desirable step or not is a matter of
opinion, but for my own part I think it is to be regretted.
In this paper I have placed the species under these
various genera so far as is practicable, but not in the
order given by M. Thomson, as he appears to have over-
looked the relationship of the species with those from
Africa. I think that there can be no doubt that what-
ever arrangement may be adopted for the Madagascar
species, Psiloptera albosparsa, Fairm., should be placed
in proximity to the African species; Psiloptera sternalis,
Fairm., Alampetis soror, Thomson, following then in
natural order. Psiloptera analis, Chev., is placed by
M. Thomson under his genus Cornelia with propyga,
Coq.; with which it has little in common, and is separated
by the genus Pycnobothris, Th. (with fifteen species), from
Cassidabothris colliciata, Gory, to which it is undoubtedly
most nearly allied.
Pycnobothris, Th., and Coccinellopsis, Th., must not
be separated by Cassidabothris, Th. ; in fact, Coccinellopsis
auropicta, Gory, and C. mystica, Th., are closely allied
to Pycnobothris subsilphoides, Th., P. ruficauda, Th., &c.,
agreeing both in general coloration and in having the
prosternal process densely punctured and pilose in the
males and smooth (or only sparingly punctured) in the
females.
The new species described in this paper were chiefly
collected by the Rev. W. Deans Cowan in the neighbour-
hood of Fianarantsoa; some by the Rev. C. Shaw,
chiefly in the Ankafina ‘Forest, N.E. of Fianarantsoa; a
few were obtained by Mr. Kingdon east of Antananarivo ;
* Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1878.
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—PraRT IV. (DEC.) Q
180 Mr. Chas. O. Waterhouse on the
and lastly, some collected by the Rev. Robert Toy at
Antananarivo. Of these correspondents Mr. Cowan
only remains in Madagascar ; Mr. Shaw and Mr. Kingdon
have returned home. Mr. Toy, who laboured as Senior
Tutor of the Theological and Secular College, after
having resided in the island since 1862, at length broke
down under his constant labours and the effects of the
trying climate, and after a severe illness, from which he
only partially recovered, he died on his passage home,
south of Madeira, on the 19th of April of the present
year.
Without enumerating all the species, I here give the
following typical forms arranged in the order which
appears to me to be the most natural :—
Alampetis albosparsa, Fairm. Cocecinellopsis emarginata, Gory.
> soror, Th. os complanata, Gory.
Fe zivetta, Klug. rs solea, Klug.
Apatea Luezotii, Guerin. auropicta, “Gory.
Amphisbeta navicularis, Gory. [Py cnobothris] subsilphoides, Th.
Hemisobothris quadricollis, Gory. H cuprifera, Lap. & Gy.
Laconides aureaopilosa, Guerin. crassa, Waterh.
Valeobothris ochreata, Oliy. (Coceinellopsis) Klugii, Gory.
Phobetodes Goryi, Guérin. convexa, Lap. &Gory.
Enharpya amorpha, Gory. Cassidabothris colliciata, Gory.
Carcinias scapularis, Guérin. analis, Chev.
Polybothris sumptuosa, Gory. Cornelia pyropyga, Cog.
Erebodes Jansonu, Th. Aplax obscura, Th.
Coccinellopsis Lafertei, Gory. Tearia alata, Gory.
In describing the following new species in the British
Museum collection, I have placed them, to the best of my
judgment, under the subgenera proposed by M. Thom-
son, but some of them are very difficult to locate :-—
Alampetis ? scintillans, n. sp.
Allied to P. zivetta, Klug, but much less convex, and
in general outline somewhat resembling P. impressipennis.
Thorax rather more narrowed in front than in zivetta,
more distinctly keeled at the sides; deep olive-green,
with only one raised median line, the disk rather
sparingly punctured with large punctures ; the impressed
portion within the lateral margin is closely punctured
nearly asin zivetta. The elytra somewhat resemble those
of impressipennis in general outline, but the shoulders
are a little expanded, and the lateral region from the
shoulder to rather behind the middle is impressed, and
the margin about the middle is slghtly reflexed; the
colour is more golden green and brighter than in zivetta,
Buprestide from Madagascar. 181
and there is a little coppery tint at the apex; on the
back there are a few dark purple spots, and a little way
from the apex there is one on the margin; the apex is
slightly truncate, and the outer tooth 1s seen with much
difficulty. The sculpture is as follows: there is a
prominent costa next the suture, which becomes oblite-
rated some distance from the apex ; next to this is a less
elevated costa, which extends to the apex, but is frequently
interrupted by round rugulose impressions; then there
is a prominent costa which is obscure at the base, but
which extends nearly to the apex; beyond these there
are portions of two or three coste, which are much
interrupted by impressions; the surface beyond this is
more flattened and is strongly punctured; close to the
apex on the margin there is a small frosted golden
impression filled with short pale pubescence, and there is
a rather larger one a little above it still on the margin.
The under side of the insect is wneous, tinted with
coppery, with brassy punctuation ; the prosternal process
is not thickly punctured, it is grooved on each side; the
abdomen is strongly marked with elongate punctures ;
the apical segment is blue, punctured with golden green,
and with a narrow frosted margin of green. The re-
flexed portion of the elytra is shining blue, slightly
concave, punctured posteriorly. Legs green.
Length 11 lines. .
Hab.—Madagascar.
This species is difficult to locate, but I think it is best
placed near P. zivetta.
Amphisbeta impressipennis, L. & G., varieties.
1. The typical form of this species, according to a
specimen compared with the type by Mr. Edward
Saunders. Rather olive-eneous, with three brassy lines
on the thorax, with a considerable amount of brassy
frosted space on the elytra, especially below the shoulders
and on the margin, and always with the sutural interstice
brassy. One specimen in the Museum collection has
almost the whole of the elytra taken up with the brassy
colour.
This form occurs at Antananarivo.
2. Specimens from Fianarantsoa. More brown-zneous
in general colour, and are rather smoother.
3. Specimens from Fianarantsoa. Uniform coppery
182 Mr. Chas. O. Waterhouse on the
brown, smoother than is the case with No. 2, with
no brassy lines on the thorax, and with the sutural
interstice of the elytra also not brassy; &c.
4. A single specimen from Fianarantsoa resembling
No. 8, but with the sides of the thorax much more
coarsely punctured, and with no impression within the
posterior angle.
5. A single specimen in Mr. Janson’s collection, without
particular locality, is entirely black above, but in other
respects agrees with No. 3.
Hemisobothris parallela, n. sp.
Allied to H. aureopilosa, Guérin, but much narrower,
more parallel, and with a patch of orange pubescence
near the apex of each elytron, &c. Thorax strongly
transverse, not quite so much narrowed behind as in
aureopilosa, bluish black, shining, with the punctures
and impressions brassy ; the punctuation is strong, but
not so close as in aureopilosa. The elytra are not
broader than the thorax, parallel for three-quarters their
length, and then arcuately narrowed to the apex ; bronzy-
black, shining, with numerous irregular lines of strong
punctures, much confused towards the apex, the inter-
stices narrow, irregular, and costiform ; the margin at
the shoulder is brassy; at one-quarter from the base
there is a brassy fascia, not reaching the suture, and a
little behind the middle there is a similar fascia; these
fasciz are more or less pubescent ; there are also several
small brassy, pubescent spots ; a little way from the apex
there is a large transverse spot, which is filled with
orange pubescence. Nearly the whole of the under side
of the insect (that is all the punctured portions) is
brassy; the prosternal process (which is smooth and
almost impunctate) and the middle of the metasternum
are dark steel-blue; the abdomen is dark steel-blue, with
the whole of the sides of the basal segment and two
impressions at the side of each of the other segments
frosted and brassy.
Length 12 lnes.
Hab.—Antananarivo (Toy).
Laconides equalis, 0. sp.
Allied to P. aureopilosa, Guérin, but larger. It agrees
in coloration with the general form of P. aureopilosa,
Buprestide from Madagascar. 183
being golden green, tinted here and there with coppery,
with blackish marks on the elytra; the under side is
entirely bright green, with golden reflections. It differs
' from aureopilosa in having the thorax more coarsely
punctured. The elytra are more convex, more attenuated
and prolonged at the apex, a little more expanded at the
shoulders ; without any distinct round pubescent spots.
The under flanks of the thorax are very coarsely
punctured ; the prosternal process is coarsely but not
very thickly punctured. The intercoxal process of the
abdomen is strongly punctured; the middle of the
abdomen is nearly as much punctured as the rest.
Length 20 lines.
Hab.—Madagascar.
This species is clearly allied to P. obtusa, Lap. & Gory,
but is differently coloured.
Laconides chalybeoventralis, Thomson.
I have hitherto regarded this as a dark variety of
P. aureopilosa, Guérin, and I think if it be separated as
a species it will be necessary to consider the varieties of
P. impressipennis above noticed as species also.
Phobetodes vespertilio, Thomson.
I have regarded this as a smooth variety of P. Goryi ;
the specimens from Antananarivo and Fianarantsoa
recently received are, however, smoother on an average
than those formerly received, and for which we have no
precise locality.
Enharpya chaotica, Thomson.
The single specimen of this species in the Museum
and one in Mr. Janson’s collection are females; of
E. amorpha there is only a single male in the Museum ;
so that, as M. Thomson does not mention the question
of sexes in his description, I shall hold to my opinion
that they are sexes of the same species. Great care is
required in distinguishing the sexes of these insects.
Carcinias spectralis, Thomson.
I cannot distinguish this from P. scapularis, Guérin.
184 Mr. Chas. O. Waterhouse on the
Carcimas anulifer, n. sp.
Allied to C. scapularis, Guérin, but larger, darker,
more depressed, and with the subapical yellow patch on
the elytra replaced by a streak of white pile. Head and
thorax nearly black; the latter of the same form as in
scapularis, and similarly sculptured, but the depressed
portions are not brassy, scarcely tinted with purple. The
elytra are black, with slight tints of purple here and
there; less compressed below the shoulders, which are
consequently less elevated; each elytron has three
distinct but obtuse coste, which do not reach the apex ;
the interstices are coar sely punctured, or rather wrinkled ;
there are some small impressed rings, and near the
shoulders some impressions which are frosted and of a
slight coppery colour, and filled with fine grey pile; the
exterior apical portion is smooth. The under side of the
insect is chiefly dark green, with dark coppery purple in
parts ; the pr osternal - process is smooth, shining, golden
ereen; the metathoracic parapleura are closely and
coarsely punctate-rugose. ‘The abdomen is moderately,
thickly, and very strongly punctured; there are no
distinct white pubescent spots on the 2nd to 4th
segments as in scapularis.
Length 22 lines.
Hab.—Antananarivo (Toy).
Carcinias ceruleipes, N. sp.
Allied to P. scenica, Gory, similarly coloured above,
with broader thorax, with the elytra much less attenuated
at the apex, and without the fulvous pubescent fascia
near the apex; bright golden and green below, with
coppery reflections, with blue lees. Thorax much less
narrowed in front than in scenica, more arcuate at the
sides ; the sculpture above is somewhat similar, but there
are no smooth spots on each side of the disk, as in
scenica. ‘The elytra are less deflexed at the sides, more
parallel, only moderately attenuated at the apex, the
shoulders less projecting ; the sculpture is very similar ;
there are numerous small round spots scattered over the
surface, those on the middle of each elytron are arranged
in two oblique lines ; these spots are coppery, and filled
with fine whitish pubescence. The under side of the
insect 1s very brilliant ; the prosternal process is smooth,
ereen. The metathoracic parapleura have a few obscure
Buprestide from Madagascar. 185
punctures. The abdomen is obscurely punctured, except
the apical segment, which is strongly punctured. The
reflexed margin of the elytra is dull blue-black. The
tarsi above are green.
Length 20 lines.
Hab.—Madagascar.
Hrebodes fulgidiventris, n. sp.
Above coppery brown, the front of the head coppery,
some portions of the interstices of the eltyra blackish.
Thorax with the surface uneven, distinctly impressed on
each side, the impressions and the sides very rugose.
Elytra rather smooth, the striz very imperfect, and not
very much impressed; all the surface below the
shoulders, a considerable portion of the sides, as well as
some oblique, irregular rows of sub-confluent spots,
frosted coppery brown, all these spaces filled with soft
grey pubescence. All the under surface of the insect
bright, shining, purple-tinted coppery, with a little golden
green at the margins of the segments; the legs and the
reflexed margins of the elytra golden green. Prosternal
process almost impunctate.
Length 23 lines.
Hab.—Fianarantsoa (Shaw).
This species differs from H. Jansonii, Th., m having
the elytra much less strongly striated, in its different
colour, &c. From EH. Deyrollei, Th., it differs in having
the thorax impressed on each side, and in being more
elongate.
Coccinellopsis ? ? cribraria, n. sp.
Depressed, elliptical, bronzy, the elevated parts
eneous. Thorax transverse, moderately narrowed ante-
riorly, the sides nearly rectilinear; the medial channel
is coppery; on each side of this the disk is smooth and
shining eneous, and sparingly punctured ; the sides are
very uneven and rugose. he elytra immediately below
the shoulders are rather more than one-third broader
than the thorax, subparallel for two-thirds their length,
then arcuately attenuated; almost the whole surface
frosted and punctured; there are three or four inter-
rupted narrow «neous cost on the back; numerous
small, round impressions are noticeable, particularly on
the 2nd and 4th cost; these spots are finely pilose; at
186 Mr. Chas. O. Waterhouse on the
the apex the pubescence in the small impressions forms
decumbent yellowish tufts. The under side is more
shining bronzy than the upper side; the under margin
of the elytra and some small irregular smooth spaces at
the sides of the abdomen are deep blue ; the prosternal
process is sparingly punctured ; the abdomen is strongly
and thickly punctured; the apical segment is nearly
semicircular, with the basal line, a medial line, and the
margins thickly and finely punctured and brassy, the rest
is smooth and dark blue, with a puncture here and there.
Length 133, breadth 7 lines.
Hab.—Madagascar.
this species stands quite alone; I know of nothing
that approaches it, but its somewhat broad form induces
me to place it w ith C ‘oceinellopsis, although the abdomen
is very different.
Coccinellopsis Lafertet, Gory.
The male of this species differs from the female in
having the prosternal process densely and finely
punctured and pilose. In the female this process is
shining, and has numerous strong punctures scattered
over the surface.
None of the immediately allied species known to me
differ in this way. But C. auropicta and its allies,
although far removed in other respects from C. Lafertei,
agree with it in this difference in the sternal process
in the sexes.
Coccinellopsis lateralis, n. sp.
Rather narrow, elliptical. Head and thorax eneous ;
the latter having the medial channel and punctures
brassy. The thorax resembles that of P. complanata,
but is a little more arcuate at the sides, the surface
is very uneven, very rugosely punctured at the sides ; on
each side of the medial channel there is a small, round,
smooth spot, more clearly defined than that in complanata.
Klytra not very broad and not much expanded at the
sides, very convex on the back, with the margins flattened,
rather straight at the sides for two-thirds their length,
then arcuately narrowed ; very strongly punctate-striate,
brassy at the suture, passing through brownish coppery
to dull purple ; the margin dull, dark blue; the apex is
truncate but not compressed, brown, the outer angle
shghtly dentiform. The under side is brassy; the pro-
Buprestide from Madagascar. - 187
sternal process is shining purple and smooth; the
irregular smooth spaces at the sides of the abdomen are
dark blue ; there is some blue colour on the prosternum
and flanks of the prothorax, and there is a small blue
and purple spot onthe episterna. The apical segment
of the abdomen is smooth and shining, dark blue at the
base, verging into purple and coppery towards the apex ;
the extreme apex is finely punctured and brassy. The
under margin of the elytra is dark blue.
Length 10 lines.
Hab.—Fianarantsoa (Shaw).
Allied to P. complanata, but differently coloured and
much narrower in the elytra; &e.
Coccinellopsis punctiventris, n. sp.
Resembles P. lamina, Klug, in general colour, form,
and appearance, but with the elytra more narrowed
posteriorly ; and with the apical segment of the abdomen
thickly and very strongly punctured, with only a small
irregular smooth purple space on each side. Thorax
geneous, very strongly and not very thickly punctured,
the medial channel very narrow in front; on each side
of which there are three or four irregular ill-defined
impressions, the outer ones as well as most of the
punctures brassy. Elytra brassy, with the dorsal,
convex, interstices tinted with brown, or coppery; the
expanded margin, which is strongly punctured, has a
somewhat round concavity some distance from the
shoulder, extended inwardly by a _ brassy, frosted
impression; a little behind the middle there are three
frosted impressions (on the 2nd and 6th interstices)
which are nearly confluent; at some distance from the
apex there is a transverse frosted impression, extending
from the second interstice to near the margin; the
extreme apex is finely punctured and fringed with
yellow hair; the external angle is not dentiform. The
colour of the insect below is «neous, tinted with brassy,
the intercoxal process of the abdomen, some small
irregular smooth spaces at the sides of the abdomen,
and the posterior part of the under margin of the elytra,
tinted with purple. The prosternal process has a slight
medial impression ; it is very sparingly punctured. ¢.
Length 11 lines.
Hab.—Madagascav.
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—PaRT IV. (DEC.) R
188 Mr. Chas. O. Waterhouse on the
Coccinellopsis ovalis, n. sp.
Oval; brownish brassy above and below, with the
under margins of the elytra blue-green, some irregular
smooth spaces on the sides of the abdomen purple, the
anal plate shining coppery purple. It is much narrower
than P. coccinella, L. & G., and has the elytra with only
a very narrow reflexed margin. In the form of the
thorax and general coloration it resembles P. chalco-
chrysea, Klug, but the thorax is not margined laterally ;
the colour and sculpture are the same. ‘The elytra,
although much narrower than in coccinella, are much
shorter and relatively broader than in chalcochrysea ;
the lines of punctures are even stronger than in the
latter ; there are numerous small round impressions on
the alternate interstices, but there are no large lateral
impressions; the apex is very slightly truncate, fringed
with pale pubescence. The prosternal process is thickly
and strongly punctured. The anal plate is nearly round,
moderately large, the surface of the segment round it
pubescent.
Length 73 lines.
Hab.—Madagascar.
This species is perhaps best placed near P. coccinella.
Coccinellopsis dejecta, 0. sp.
Very close to P. complanata. It differs in being rather
shorter, the thorax less narrowed in front, more rugose
at the sides, with the medial channel broader and more
defined. The elytra not so gradually narrowed behind ;
the apex is green and in part very finely punctured,
fringed with yellow pubescence. The whole upper side
is brownish wneous. The under side is ereen mixed with
purple and tinted with brassy; the smooth spaces at
the sides of the abdomen are beautiful purple; the
apical abdominal segment is purple, not very brilliant ;
its basal half is green and finely punctured, leaving the
middle part smooth and purple, and in the punctured
part on each side there is a small smooth space. The
prosternal process is rather thickly and rather finely
punctured, much more so than in complanata 3. The
under margin of the elytra is beautiful blue, tinted with
ereen on the inner side.
Length 12 lines.
Hab.—Madagascar.
=n ee
Buprestide from Madagascar. 189
Coccinellopsis multiguttata, n. sp.
Allied to P. complanata, Guérin, but with the thorax
less narrowed in front, the elytra straighter at the sides;
the apical segment of the abdomen shining purple, with
the basal half and a medial line densely punctured and
golden. Thorax rather broad, brassy eneous, obliquely
narrowed in front of the middle, sparingly but strongly
punctured; the medial impression is moderately distinct ;
there is a small irregular smooth space on each side of
the disk, and one on each side of the base; there is a
slight impression within each posterior angle. Elytra
not so prominent at the shoulders as in complanata,
more parallel at the sides; dull olive-green, with brassy
ereen margins, punctate-striate, the two or three dorsal
strize stronely impressed; there are numerous small
brassy spots on the sutural interstice ; about six small
quadrate spots on the 3rd interstice, several on the 5th,
and about five on the 7th interstice ; the apex is brassy,
very little compressed, shining, partly frosted, fringed
with yellow hair, the external “angle not toothed. The
under side of the insect is rather dark green, with golden
punctures; the middle of the sterna, the intercoxal
process of the abdomen, and a smooth irrecular- shaped
space on each side of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th abdominal
segments, purple. Prosternal process with a few large
punctures. The under margin of the elytra dark blue.
Length 12 lines.
Hab.—Madagascar.
Coccinellopsis elliptica, n. sp.
Allied to P. cassidoides, Guérin, but narrower and more
recularly elliptical, thorax smoother, and with the apical
seoment of the abdomen finely punctured along the base,
closely and very strongly punctured in the middle,
smooth on each side. ‘Thorax dull purple-black, even
above, the usual medial channel only represented by a
small impression at the base; the punctuation is sparse
and not very strong; the posterior angles are more
closely and finely punctured, and are tinted with brassy.
Klytra blue-black, not so much expanded as in cassidoides ;
there are four or five strongly impressed strize on the
back, which are obscurely punctured; the margin near
the shoulders is dull green; the extreme base and the
suture near the base is brassy; and each elytron has
190 Mr. Chas. O. Waterhouse on the
three strongly marked transverse, frosted, brassy im-
pressions, somewhat similar to those in cassidoides, but
extending to the margin. ‘The apex is only slightly
compressed, truncate, brassy, and pubescent. The under
margins of the elytra are dark blue. The under side of
the insect is coppery purple, shining, with the punctures
and some frosted impressions on the sides of the
abdominal segments brassy. Prosternal process with
only a few punctures, but with a longitudinal medial
impression extending to the front of the sternum. Femora
purple, tibie brassy green, tarsi green.
Length 10 lines.
Hab.—Fianarantsoa (Cowan).
Coccinellopsis propinguda, N. sp.
Very close to C. elliptica, but differs in being uniform
dull black above, slightly shining about the suture of the
elytra; the posterior angles of the thorax are not br ASSY 5
the elytra have the impressions less marked and smaller ;
there is no brassy colour at the base. On the under side,
the flanks of the thorax, the sternum, and the reflexed
margins of the elytra are dark blue; the sides of the
metasternum and the middle of the abdomen are more
or less brassy, the legs are brassy ereen. The prosternal
process has the same medial impression.
Length 9 lines.
Hab.—Antananarivo (Kingdon).
Coccinellopsis sodalis, n. sp.
Resembles P. solea, Klug, but without the oblique
impressed line on each side of the thorax; with the
shoulder of the elytra rather more square, t.e., less
oblique, &e. Thorax dull black, or nearly black; rather
sparingly punctured, the punctures strong in the middle,
less so on the disk, stronger and more close at the sides,
especially at a little distance from the anterior angles,
where there is a slight constriction; the medial im-
pression is broad and well marked posteriorly, but is
narrow and indistinct in front. The elytra are very
broad at the shoulders, only sightly narrower posteriorly
till just at the apex, where they are then suddenly
narrowed and compressed ; dull blue-black, very strongly
punctate-striate, the dorsal interstices convex; the basal
Buprestide from Madagascar. 191
region is more or less eneous, and there are the following
brassy impressions :—a large, shallow, ill-defined one on
the margin near the shoulders; another similar one a
little behind the middle; a third deeper one between the
last-mentioned and the apex; and there are four small,
round impressions on the 2nd interstice; all these
impressions are frosted. The apex is frosted and
furnished with yellow pubescence; the outer or lower
angle has a strong tooth. The whole under side, including
the margin of the elytra, is very dark blue, and is more
or less dull; the prosternal process has numerous, large,
strong punctures. The abdomen is very strongly and
rather thickly punctured, the punctures frequently
elongate, those in the intercoxal process particularly so ;
the apical segment is smooth and shining, with two or
three punctures only at the basal angles.
Length 11 lines.
Hab.—Antananarivo (Kingdon).
Coccinellopsis plagiata, n. sp.
Allied to P. solea, Klug, but without the oblique
brassy impressed line in front of the thorax, and having
a large irregular frosted, brassy impression (sometimes
filled with yellow tomentum) occupying the whole region
of the posterior angle. Thorax very dark blue [some-
times inclined to purple, and sometimes tinted with
green at the margins], shining on the disk, sparingly
but very strongly punctured, scarcely constricted before
the anterior angles; the medial impression narrowed
anteriorly, green [or golden) in the middle. Elytra very
dark blue, with strongly impressed dorsal strie; the
apex suddenly narrowed and compressed; the apical
impression brown and filled with yellow pubescence ;
each elytron has the following brassy, frosted im-
pressions :—one on the margin below the shoulder,
extending towards, but not reaching the suture; an
irregular, somewhat broken one about the middle, nearly
reaching the suture, but not the margin; a third one
some distance from the apex, extending from the margin
to near the suture; besides these, there are several
small golden spots. The under side of the insect is
bright brassy, tinted with pale green, strongly punctured ;
the sides of the prothorax are dull, pale green; the
reflexed margins of the elytra are beautiful green
192 Mr. Chas. O. Waterhouse on the
[sometimes blue, or inclined ‘to blue posteriorly]; the
prosternal process has a few strong punctures, [sometimes
with a slight medial impression]; the apical segment of
the abdomen is entirely smooth, blue-green. Legs green.
Length 10—11} lines.
Hab.—Madagascar (Crossley) ; Fianarantsoa (Cowan).
The remarks in brackets refer to the specimens from
Fianarantsoa.
Coccinellopsis bistrigata, n. sp.
Allied to P. solea, Klug, but smaller, with a more
distinctly defined oblique impressed line on each side of
the thorax; the prosternum with a medial longitudinal
impression, &c. Thorax subparallel at the sides,
suddenly narrowed (or perhaps rather constricted) in
front, rather sparingly but strongly punctured; with the
medial impression well marked and entire; there is an
oblique, rather deeply impressed brassy line extending
from the anterior angle to within a short distance of the
medial channel; there is also a small impression within
each posterior angle. The dorsal striz of the elytra are
very strong, and the first two or three interstices convex;
each elytron has the following impressions :—one at the
extreme base; one on the margin below the shoulder ;
one a little behind the middle; and two between this and
the apex; these last two rather more approximate than
the others, but not running together, as is nearly the case
in P. solea; there are also four or five small impressions on
the 8rd interstice, and some very small dots on the
sutural one; the apex is somewhat compressed, frosted,
and pubescent, as in solea. The colour above, in one
specimen, is obscure purple, the other specimens are
black; the impressions are slightly brassy, and filled
with white pubescence. The under side of the insect is
coppery, more obscure and partly brassy at the sides,
strongly punctured; the apical segment of the abdomen
is smooth, except a narrow basal margin. The under
marein of the elytra is dark blue. The legs are brassy.
Length 8—9 lines.
Hab.
Antananarivo (Kingdon).
Coccinellopsis terminalis, n. sp.
Allied to P. auromcta, Lap. & Gory, but with the
general coloration of P. complanata. Brassy, the thorax
Buprestide from Madagascar. 193
above and the under side of the insect in parts tinted
with «neous, the raised interstices of the elytra more
brown. Thorax as in auwropicta, but a little narrower,
rather straight at the sides posteriorly, obliquely
narrowed in front of the middle; the surface is uneven,
moderately and thickly punctured, with a shallow medial
impression, and an obscure oblique impressed line on
each side in front. The elytra have numerous small
round, brassy, frosted spots in lines on the alternate
interstices, similar to those in auropicta; and there is a
large quadrangular frosted space on the margin, some
distance from the shoulder, and a similar smaller one
some way from the apex; the spaces are not round, as
in auropicta, and, not being on a black ground, they do
not show so distinctly as in awropicta; the apex is brown
and fringed with yellow hair, the external angle distinctly
dentiform. The prosternal process is purple in the
middle, and has a medial impressed line, sparingly but
strongly punctured. The abdomen has the middle of
the intercoxal process and the irregular smooth spaces
at the sides of the segments, purple; the apical segment
is as if divided into three equal parts by two straight
lines, which meet in the middle of the base of the
segment, and diverge posteriorly; the middle portion is
smooth, shining purple; the lateral portions are thickly
punctured, brassy, and pubescent. The under margin
of the elytra is dull «neous.
Length 113 lines.
Hab.—Madagascar.
Coccinellopsis auropicta, Lap. & Gory.
This well-known species in its typical form is rather
dull, dark brassy below, with strongly sculptured elytra,
with their apex gently prolonged. C. quadrispilota,
L. & G., 1 am unable to distinguish from it. Of both
these, there are in this Museum specimens compared
with the original types by Mr. Edw. Saunders.
C. Schenherri, Chev., of which the type is in this
Museum, is scarcely distinct; it has the same dark
brassy coloration below, but the elytra are scarcely as
much produced at the apex and the striw are more
obsolete towards the margin.
C!. mystica, Thomson, is like Schwenherri above, but is
more brilliant and green below. One of the Museum
194 Mr. Chas. O. Waterhouse on the
specimens, however, from Fianarantsoa, approaches
Schenherri, even in the colour below.
Mr. Thomson, at the end of his description of C.
mystica, says :—‘‘ Espece tres originale et tres facile a
reconnaitre. Elle est voisine de la C. awropicta, Gory.”
Is this intended as a joke? for with a large series of
specimens it is difficult to know where to draw the line
between the two, especially as C. Schanherri is inter-
mediate.
Pycnobothris subsilphoides, Thomson.
This species differs from Coccinellopsis mystica, Th., in
being narrower in form, the elytra not being at all
expanded at the sides, and by the black-blue colour of
the under side.
Pycnobothris compacta, n. sp.
Closely resembles P. subsilphoides, Th., and is of the
same form and size. It differs in beimg more or less
tinted above with eneous, in having the elytra more
roughly punctured, with the lines of punctures more
distinct at the sides. It is the same dark blackish blue
below, but the smooth space on the apical segment of
the abdomen is more round; this space is shining
bronze.
Length 84—10 lines.
A single specimen, an obscure blackish brown variety,
only measures 7 lines.
Hab.—Antananarivo (Kingdon & Toy).
P. ruficauda, Th., is a more elongate species than
P. compacta, brighter in colour above ; is beautiful purple
below, at least in part; and has the elytra less rugose,
and more regularly striate-punctate.
Hab.—Fianarantsoa (Cowan).
Pycnobothris obscurella, Th.
This species somewhat resembles P. ruficauda, Th.,
but it is very dark brownish black, faintly tinted with
geneous, with more rugosely punctured thorax; more
strongly sculptured elytra, which are acuminate at the
apex and not truncated, and they are rather broader just
before the posterior white spots than at their base. The
anal plate is shining dark olive, a little elongate,
narrowed towards the base, with a fringe of golden
Buprestide from Madagascar. 195
pubescence round it, which is broad at its base and
sides, but very narrow round the apex; the space on
each side of this is finely punctured and brassy.
The under flanks of the prothorax are dull swneous,
with numerous large, deep punctures.
The prosternal process is sometimes channelled in the
middle, sometimes nearly flat, and one example in this
Museum has it slightly convex. This difference does not
appear to be either sexual or specific. Some specimens
have a few punctures in the middle of the process.
Length 83—11 lines.
Hab.—Antananarivo (Kingdon).
Pycnobothris truncatella, n. sp.
Closely resembles P. obscurella, Th., in form and
appearance. Obscure coppery brown, with thickly and
strongly punctured thorax, and closely and strongly
punctate-striate elytra. It is, however, at once distin-
euished by the elytra being a little truncate at their
apex, the outer angle of the truncature slightly dentiform,
and by the large lateral spots being round. The under
side is almost entirely of an obscure coppery purple in
the only example which I have seen. The anal segment
resembles that in obscurella.
Length 9 lines.
Hab.—Antananarivo (Kingdon).
Pycnobothris cuprifera, Lap. & Gory.
This species is scarcely distinguishable above from
P. obscurella, Th., but it appears always to want the very
small brassy spot on the margin of the elytra, just
before the apex, which exists in obscurella. Below it is
easily separated by the apical segment of the abdomen ;
this has the anal plate very small, round (or slightly
oval), surrounded by a ring of yellow pubescence, which
is sunk below the surface of the plate itself; the margin
beyond this is impunctate, shining, deep purple, raised,
and somewhat thickened ; the penultimate seement has
its apical margin smooth. ‘The prosternal process is
moderately thickly punctured in the middle, longi-
tudinally impressed in the middle. The under flanks of
the prothorax are brassy and irregularly, and more
finely punctured than in P. obscurella.
Length 9—11 lines.
. Hab.—Fianarantsoa (Cowan).
TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1880.—PART Iv. (DEC.) S
196 Buprestide from Madagascar.
Note:—In a series named by M. Thomson for Mr.
Janson, one of the specimens named P. obscurella is
P. cuprifera, and is from Fianarantsoa. It is only from
the locality for obscurella being given as Antananarivo by
M. Thomson that I am able to determine which is the
true obscurella.
My authority for P. cuprifera is a specimen so named
from La Ferteé’s collection, which agrees with Laporte
and Gory’s description, but as they do not describe the
anal plate the determination is not satisfactory.
Pycnobothris crassa, n. sp.
Very near P. obscurella, Th., but shorter and broader,
with more coarsely punctured elytra, and with brighter
colour below. Thorax scarcely narrower than the elytra,
closely and very coarsely punctured ; brownish coppery,
generally with a little eneous and brassy intermixed.
Klytra gradually becoming a little wider from the
shoulders to about two-thirds their length, then obliquely
acuminate, simple at the apex; dark brown tinted with
obscure purple, very strongly and closely punctate-striate ;
with two round spots, filled with pale yellow pubescence,
on the margin of each elytron. ‘The under side is
shining green {sometimes tinted with coppery|, with
the sides of the body and margin of the elytra brownish ;
the apex of the femora, some spaces on the abdomen,
and the anal plate are blue. The anal plate is round,
or nearly so, relatively larger than in P. cuprifera,
surrounded by a lightly impressed finely pubescent line;
the apical margin is somewhat raised and a little
- thickened, coppery or purple, obscurely punctured. The
prosternal process is longitudinally impressed in the
middle, and has numerous strong punctures.
Length 6—8 lines.
Hab.—Antananarivo (Kingdon and Toy).
GA LOR, y)
XV. Observations upon certain species of the Lepi-
dopterous genus Terias, with descriptions of
Jutherto unnamed forms from Japan. By Arruur
G. Burner, F'.L.8., F.Z.8., &e.
(Read October 6th, 1880.)
(Puate VI.)
Tue difficulty of discriminating between the species of
the genus Trias has long been admitted by lepidopterists,
and many of them have attempted to evade it by
regarding the species of this group as extremely liable
to variation.
Now, although it cannot be positively proved that the
multitudinous similar forms in this genus are constant
to their characters, the examination of a long series of
individuals from one locality seems to indicate that
hybridization, rather than extreme variation, is the factor
which produces the apparent gradations from one type
to another.
In the group of species allied to 7’. hecabe there are no
two more distinct forms than the heavily-bordered type
and the species named by M. De L’Orza 7. mandarina ;
and it is noteworthy that in the first the female is
extremely scarce; in 7’. mandarina this sex is commoner
than the male; in colouring also the 7’. hecabe type
reminds one of the genus Colias, but 7’. mandarina is far
more like Gonepteryx ; yet, with a series of 154 specimens
of this section of the genus from Nikko, I have been
able to arrange a perfect gradational series of scarcely
differing forms from the most heavily-bordered of the
Japanese representative of J’. hecabe to the palest
T. mandarina in which the border has practically dis-
appeared.
Superficially, therefore, it would seem that these
apparently very distinct species were wholly untenable,
and that the 7’. anemone of Felder, which stands half-
way between their extreme variations, was only one of
the gradations which proved them to be identical: this
view of the case would commend itself to almost any
entomologist who examined merely a selected series of
specimens ; but when one carefully compares upwards of
TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1880.—PART IV. (DEC.)
198 Mr. A. G. Butler’s observations upon certain
150 specimens, and discovers that the absence of six of
them, referable to only two gradations, would at once
leave the three species as sharply defined as any in the
genus, it naturally occurs to him to examine those six
specimens more minutely, and see whether they do not
exhibit differences inter se which point rather to hybridi-
zation than variation for their origin ; such I have found
to be the case, and, therefore, in the absence of positive
evidence of identity founded upon careful breeding, I do
not hesitate to regard the 7’. hecabe group, as represented
in Japan by three species.
That the species of Terias are not necessarily subject
to great variation is evidenced by an examination of
series of the two other Japanese species, T’. betheseba
and 7’. jegeri; of the first of these I have examined
twenty specimens from Nikko, which exhibit no variation
whatever ; of the second species I have examined thirty-
nine specimens, which only vary in the yellower or
redder tint on the under surface of the secondaries.
Descriptions of the Japanese forms of the T. hecabe
group of Terias:—
1. Terias mariesti, sp.n. PI. vi. fig. 1.
a. Male only differs from 7’. hecabe in its brilliant
lemon-yellow instead of dark gamboge-yellow colouring.
In this respect it shows no variation. The female
is of a sulphur-yellow colour, and is extremely rare.*
b. Rather larger than the type, the border of the
secondaries of about half the width, and emitting short
black spurs upon the veins. Fig. 2.
c. The border of the primaries slightly narrower,
especially near the external angle, the outer border of
the secondaries inconstant, the “ander surface with the
ordinary markings feebly indicated. Fig. 3.
d. Like the type form (a) excepting that the black
border of the primaries is of little more than half the
ee at external angle; size very variable. Fig. 4.
Similar to the pr eceding, . but with narrower border
to ae secondaries. Fig. 5.
jf. Similar to e, excepting that the border of the
primaries is distinctly narrower towards the externalangle,
and the border towards the costa not angulated. Fig. 6.
* Only one female apne in the poltections ana none Bet r. anemone.
Species of the Lepidopterous genus Terias. 1199
The form which follows this appears to be a hybrid
between J’. mariesii and T’. anemone, and therefore may
be provisionally named. Fig. 7.
Terias hybrida.—The outer border of the primaries
rather wider throughout than 7’. anemone, the inner
margin exhibiting from eight to nine fairly regular sinua-
tions, of which the two on the median interspaces are
broader but scarcely less prominent than the others, the
costal margin more or less bordered by a narrow black
band; secondaries with the outer border varying from a
narrow band to a series of dots; size variable.
2. Tertas anemone. Fig. 9.
Terias Anemone, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. vi.
p. 23 (1862). ;
a. Resembles the preceding form, and therefore differs
from Felder’s type in having a more or less pronounced
black border to the secondaries; the border of the
primaries is about as wide as in TJ’. hybrida, but the
sinuation of its inner edge is only strongly defined upon
the median interspaces. Figs. 8, 10. |
b.” Typical T’. anemone, with slightly narrower border
to the primaries than in var. a, and dotted margin to the
secondaries. Fig. 9.
c. The costal margin of the primaries only slenderly
black close to the apical border, and the external border
reduced to little more than a sinuated line towards the
external angle; secondaries as in preceding form. Fig. 11.
Terias connexiva.—The outer border almost as in var.
cof T. anemone. but the apical portion with an inward
angulation, as in the darkest forms of 7’. mandarina ;
the length of the apical patch variable ; in one out of our
three examples it is as short asin 7’. mandarina ; one of
the specimens with the short apical patch has the oblique
dash characteristic of 7’. mandarina on the under surface
of the primaries; size variable. Fig. 12.
I have little doubt that this is a hybrid between
T. anemone and T’. mandarina.
3. Terias mandarina. Figs. 16 and 18.
Terias mandarina, De L’Orza, Lep. Jap. p. 18 (1869).
a. Very like the preceding form, but the outer border
of the primaries giving place to black marginal dots
200 Species of the Lepidopterous genus T'erias.
from below the third median branch, the apical portion
distinctly angulated internally ; the under surface (as in
T. mandarina generally) almost always with an oblique
subapical brown dash on the primaries ; females com-
moner than males. Fig. 13.
b. Apical border of primaries much narrower, not
angulated internally ; female rather darker than usual ;
not common. Fig. 14.
c. Apical border still narrower, not smuated towards
the costal margin; female rare. Fig. 15.
d. Typical T’. mandarina, the apical border greyish and
interrupted in both sexes; the external border only
represented by dots at the extremities of the veins ;
female common. Fig. 16.
e. No border at all, but the black marginal dots
elongated upon the subcostal branches of the primaries
so as to form little oblique costal dashes; female com-
moner than the male. Fig. 17.
I have thus shown that we now possess a complete
cradation of slightly differmg forms linking the two
most dissimilar types of the J’. hecabe section of the
genus Terias, just as in the genus Huplwa we possess all
the links between the very different-looking EH. dolosa
and #. violetta, and in T'eracolus numerous links, of which
more are always coming in, tending to unite the whole
of the wonderfully dissimilar forms in that genus; in
Panopea also and Neptis, with many other groups, the
intermediates are constantly coming and making the
discrimination of species more difficult, and the study of
entomology more interesting; in a century from the
present time, if collectors labour as assiduously as they
have done of late, it will be impossible, I believe, for any
entomologist to decide without rearmg it from the egg
whether any form is a species, a hybrid, or a variety.
So far as I have been able to judge, the 7’. hecabe and
T. mandarina of China are constant; the intermediate
T’.. anemone does not appear to come from that country,
in which case hybridization cannot modify the typical
forms.
XVI. Synopsis of the British Heterogyna and Fossorial
Hymenoptera. By Epwarp Saunpers, F.L.S.
[Read November 8rd, 1880.}
(Plates VII. and VIII.)
Ir is now about twenty-two years since the late Mr.
F. Smith published his descriptive Catalogue of the
British Fossorial Hymenoptera, &c., and since that time
so many new species have been discovered, and so many
alterations have been made in the synonymy of the
species then known, that I thought the short treatise,
which I now offer to the Society, giving the more
modern views of the subject, might not be unacceptable.
In it I have endeavoured to give brief and concise
descriptions of each genus and species, accompanied by
synoptical tables showing their differential characters in
a few sentences.
It is, however, often very difficult to find words which
will express the distinctive characters tersely enough for
the purposes of such tables, and I hope that, in any
cases where the tabulated characters may appear in-
sufficient, the actual descriptions will be consulted, where
the differences are pointed out more fully.
The book which has been of more assistance to me
than any other in preparing this Synopsis is Thomson’s
‘Hymenoptera Scandinavie ;’ the aptitude of its author
for discovering small structural characters, most of which
are really important, although often difficult to find, is
truly wonderful, and I have to thank him for many of the
characters here employed.
I have omitted a good many species given by F. Smith,
which appear to me to have little or no claim to a place
in our fauna. Some of these he has himself left out in
his Catalogue, published by this Society in 1871.
Altogether I have described 30 species of Heterogyna
and 121 species of Fossores. fF. Smith, in his last
Catalogue, gives 85 species of Heterogyna and 119
of Fossores; but then he places Mutilla, Myrmosa,
and Methoca in the Heterogyna, which I have placed in
the Fossores. His reason for doing this I have never
been able to understand, as the Mutillide appear to me
to have neither the structure nor the habits of the
TRANS. ENT. soc, 1880,—PaRT IV. (DEC.)
202 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
Heterogyna, and certainly, as far as we know, do not
possess two forms of the female, as the name Heterogyna
implies ; except in this case I have altered but very little
the general arrangement of the families.
I cannot conclude this without acknowledging how
much I owe to the kindness and friendship of the late
Mr. Smith ; he was always willing to give all the infor-
mation that he possibly could, and never seemed to mind
how often one troubled him. I[ must also thank Messrs.
Bridgman, Cameron, Dale, V. Perkins, Billups, Service,
and others for the kind manner in which they have lent
me specimens, and helped me with observations, &c.
I hope shortly to publish a similar Synopsis of our
British Wasps and Bees.
HYMENOPTERA.
ACULEATA.
Hairs simple, or in some cases twisted, but not branched
or plumose xe .. Section 1.
Hairs more or less heanehedit or plumnose, at tenet fess on
the thorax at be , 3c So .. Section 2.
I have been obliged to adopt the character of the hairs
for my primary division, as I can find no other satisfactory
structural character.
Section I.
(2) 1. Petiole of the abdomen with one or more scales or
nodes; sexes consisting of g',?, and 8 .. Heterogyna.
(1) 2. Petiole of the abdomen simple ; sexes consisting of
g and 9 only.
(4) 3. Wings not folded longitudinally... ate .. Fossores.
(3) 4. Wings (at rest) folded longitudinally te .. Diploptera.
HETEROGYNA.
The form of the abdomen in the Heterogyna, or Ants,
easily distinguishes them from any other family of the
Hymenoptera. The 1st segment in the Formicide and
Poneride and the Ist and 2nd in the Myrmicide are
narrowed so as to form a distinct petiole, the single
joint in the Formicide, &c., bearing a transverse upright
scale, each of the two jomts in the Myrmicide form-
ing a distinct elevated node. All the sexes in the
Formicide are stingless, whereas the ? and % of
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 203
the Poneride and Myrmicide are aculeate. The pupx
of Formica and Ponera are generally contained in silken
cocoons; those of the Myrmicide are always naked.
All the species possess three sexes, 3,2, and%. The
g and ? have wings; the 3 is always apterous; the
wings of the 2 are pulled off by the ¥ or cast, after impreg-
nation.
(4) 1. Petiole with a single transverse scale or node.
(3) 2. Abdomen not constricted between the Ist and
2nd segments; ? and § without a sting .. Lormicide.
(2) 3. Abdomen constricted between the Ist and 2nd
segments; 9 and % with a sting Se .. Poneride.
(1) 4. Petiole with two nodes 26 fe 5¢ .. Myrmicide.
FORMICIDA.
(4) 1. Petiole with an erect scale.
(3) 2. g Ast joint of flagellum not thicker than the rest;
@ and 9 with the Ist joint of the flagellum as
long as or longer than the apical. . ie .. Formica.
(2) 3. g Ist joint of flagellum much thicker than the
rest; 9 and 3 with the peaBtiO of the Hagens
shorter than the apical .. . Lasius.
(1) 4. Petiole without an erect scale Ns ats .. Tapinoma.
Formica, Linn. (Pl. VII. figs. 1 and 2).
Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p. 579.
Sand ? about equal in size; ¥%very variable in this
respect, the ¥ major, as it has been called, being often
more than half as large again as the ¥ minor. Pupe
enclosed in silken cocoons; @ and 8 without stings.
Maxillary palpi with six joints, labial with four. Antenne
18-jointed in the, 12-jomted in the? and%. Man-
dibles generally somewhat slender in the ?, wide and
triangular in the 9 and ¥, much narrowed at the base.
Upper wings with one marginal, two submarginal, and
one discoidal cells, the apical margin of the 2nd sub-
marginal being the actual edge of the wing. Petiole with
an erect, flattened scale, generally more or less triangular,
widest above.
The species of this genus are rather naturally divided
into two sections by their habits, the first four making
their nests above ground, the last three underground.
Messrs. Emery and Forel consider the last three to be
all races of one species.
TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1880.—PaRT IV. (DEC.) T
204 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
(2) 1. Head more or less emarginate posteriorly -. exsecta.
(1) 2. Head not emarginate posteriorly.
(4) 3. Clypeus emarginate ae oye ote .. sanguinea.
(8) 4. Clypeus not emarginate.
(8) 6. Frontal area polished..
(7) 6G. Eyes not hairy in 9 and 8, sparsely so in g,
which has the body with only a few scattered
hairs = ote aye) MUSA
(6) 7. Eyes hairy in 9 a 3, densely soin g, which
has the body covered with upright hairs .. congerens.
(5) 8. Frontal area dull.
) 9. Abdomen shining, without a silky pubescence .. gagates.
(9) 10. Abdomen with a silky pubescence.
(12) 11. § body without metallic tinge; 9 body closely
punctured; §% thorax more or less red -. cunicularia.
(11) 12. § body with a metallic tinge; 9 body with
scattered punctures; 9% thorax not reddish
at all oe A 3: Se me .. fusca.
rufa, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. 1, p. 580, oe Fig.
Smith Cat. Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. 1, Ho 2345, ae:
3 black-brown; legs and genital segments testa-
ceous ; base of femora, tibie, and tarsi sometimes darker ;
head, prothorax and mesothorax, and sides of metathor aX,
dull; the rest more or less shining. Head and thorax
covered with fine semi-erect hairs. Mandibles not
toothed ; eyes with scattered hairs. Abdomen widest at
the base, somewhat egg-shaped, surface very indistinctly
and somewhat rugosely punctured, with a few hairs on
the basal and apical segments. Wings clouded with
brown at the base ; nerves brown. Length 10—12 mill.
@ brown; head, with the exception of the vertex
and a central stripe, prothorax, metathorax, and some-
times sides of mesothorax, petiole, and extreme base of
abdomen and legs testaccous-red. Head and thorax dull ;
wings slightly clouded at the base; scutellum and abdo-
men polished and shining. Eyes not hairy. Apical
segment of the abdomen and the under side with some-
what long hairs. Leneth 10 mill.
% entirely dull, except the frontal area and parts
of the mouth ; head widest behind the eyes ; not exca-
vated or constricted posteriorly; red, with a brownish
spot covering the vertex, and extending widely between
the eyes to the insertion of the antenne ; clypeus not
emarginate, with a dark central line ; antenne brown ;
thorax with only a few scattered bristly hairs, red, more
or less clouded on the pro- and mesothorax. Abdomen
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 205
brown-black, covered with a very short, fine, cinereous
pubescence, and scattered over with occasional upright
silvery hairs, especially on the basal segment; scale of
the petiole red, more or less rounded above, and some-
times slightly emarginate ; legs reddish. Length 6—10
mill.
Hab.—Common in fir woods, &¢., generally forming
its dome-like nest on the ground, but occasionally in
the trunk of an old tree; the ¢ and ? appear about
midsummer. In the nest of this ant is found oceca-
sionally, another of our rarer species the Stenamma
Westwoodvi ; on the Continent, Diplorhoptrum fugax, is
also found with it.
2. congerens, Nyl. Act. Soc. Fenn. (1846), 2, p. 906.
$ differs from rufa in having the eyes more densely
and regularly hairy, the wings with pale yellowish
nerves at the base, and less clouded ; the abdomen dull,
and all the segments above with black bristly hairs.
@ differs in having the eyes with very short, scat-
tered, fine hairs, and the abdomen covered with a
very fine short sericeous adpressed grey pubescence.
Scutellum dull.
% differs in having the thorax comparatively densely
covered with hairs, and the eyes hairy.
Hab.—Loch Rannoch and Bournemouth, and probably
elsewhere, but overlooked.
Forel and Emery consider this as only a race of rufa.
3. sanguinea, Ltr. Essai Fourmis France, p. 87.
Resembling rufa, but ¥% and @ much brighter in
colouring.
$ differs in having the mandibles with three to five
teeth, and the clypeus emarginate ; the thorax also has
only a few isolated bristly hairs. Length 9 mill.
? differs in the brightness and extent of the red
colour, the thorax sometimes being entirely red, and in
having the clypeus emarginate, and the frontal area dull.
Length 9—10 mill.
¥ differs much in the same respects as the female;
the thorax is generally unspotted, and the legs bright
clear testaceous-red ; the clypeus emarginate, and the
frontal area dull. Some of the pale varietics of cuni-
206 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
cularia resemble it closely in colour, and in the dull
frontal area, but the simple clypeus will distinguish them
at once. Length 5—9 mill.
Hab. — Weybridge, Chobham, Hawley Hants, New
Forest, &¢. Makes its nest generally in banks, and
makes slaves of /’. fusca and cunicularia. The gf and @
appear about July.
4. exsecta, Nyl. Act. Soc. Fenn. 1846, 2, p. 909, Fig.
Entom. Ann. 1865, frontisp. fig. 2.
Similar in colour to rufa (see No. 1), but very distinet
in form; the wide emargination of the head at the back,
the smaller eyes placed farther from the posterior mar-
gin, and the sides of the head behind the eyes converging
to the posterior margin, easily distinguish it in all the
sexes, besides the narrow, almost straight-sided and
deeply-notched scale of the petiole, and the smaller size
of thegand?. lLeneth 7—8 mill.
Hab.—Bournemouth.
The ¢ and 2 appear in July. This species forms
a nest, heaped up after the style of that of rufa and
congerens, but much smaller in diameter, and frequently
on the open heath.
5. cunicularia, Ltr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. p. 151.
Very like rufa in colouring; ¢ differs in being
smaller, with clearer wings, in having the thorax
without semi-erect hairs, and the frontal area dull;
the legs clear testaceous. Length 383 lines.
? differs in having the metathorax generally brown,
the abdomen dull, the legs clear testaceous, and the
frontal area dull. Length 9 mill.
% lke a small elongate rufa, and sometimes even
brighter in colour, but generally more obscure. It may
always be distinguished from that species by the dull
frontal area, and from sanguinea by the entire clypeus.
Length 7—8 mill.
Hab.—Generally distributed and common in many
localities. Makes its nest in the ground ; g and ? appear
about August,
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 207
6. fusca, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. 1, p. 580. Fig. Latr.
Hist. Nat. Fourm. pl. vi. fig. 32.
$ dark black-brown, shining, with a somewhat
bronzy tint. Scape of the antenne of the same colour
as the head; frontal area dull, legs and genital segments
testaceous-red. Length 8 mill.
@ dark brown, polished, with a bronzy tint, only
the legs and scape of the antenne dull brownish red;
head and thorax with a few erect hairs. Abdomen
remotely and very shallowly punctured, bearing a few
scattered bristly hairs. Length 8 mill.
% dark brown, with a bronzy tint, covered with an
exceedingly fine sericeous pubescence, which gives it a
sheeny appearance; legs and antenne slightly paler.
Abdomen with a few short, pale, bristly hairs near the
apex of each segment. Length 5—8 mill.
Hab.—Very common; makes its nest in the ground.
Very closely allied to cunicularia, and I have little
doubt that Emery and Forel are right in considering
them as merely races of the same species; there seems
to be no structural character to distinguish one from the
other, and their habits are very similar; still they
generally differ considerably in colour, but occasionally
a ¥% is found which it would be almost impossible to
refer to one or the other with any certainty.
7. gagates, Ltr. Essai Fourm. France, p. 36.
I have a single ¥ which belongs to this form. Its bright
shining, glabrous body, scattered over with brownish
bristly hairs, separates it from fusca.
Length 7 mill.
Hab.—Bournemouth.
Smith gives this as a new species to England in Ent.
Annual for 1866, but has omitted it from his Catalogue.
Emery and Forel consider it as another race of fusca.
Lastus, Fab.
Syst. Piez. p. 415.
Formica pars, Smith.
Differs from Formica in having the ¢ much smaller
than the ? , and in the shape of the antenne (see table of
genera, anted).
208 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
) 1. Deep black; 9 and 8 very shining aie .. fuliginosa.
) 2. Brownish; 9 and 8 not very shining.
) 8. Tibiee with erect prominent hairs.
) 4, g with the mandibles with one tvoth, wings clear;
Q? head not so wide as thorax, wings clear; 3
dark brown .. 50 a AO a0 -. niger.
(4) 5. g with the mandibles 5-toothed, wings dusky at
the base; 9 head wider than the thorax,
wings dusky at the base; 3 pale yellow .. umbratus.
(3) 6. Tibia without prominent hairs.
(8) 7. g and 9 with the wings more or less clouded; ¢
forehead not channelled; 3 pale yellow .. flavus.
(7) 8. f and ¢@ wings quite clear; g forehead chan-
nelled; 8 brown .. 3 ay ae .. alienus.
1. fuliginosus, Ltr. Ess. Fourm. France, p. 36. Fig.
Hist. Nat. Fourm. pl. v. fig. 27.
Jet-black, shining; head widely excavated behind.
g about the same size as the 8; thorax and
abdomen with a few scattered hairs; flagellum of an-
tenn and the tarsi testaceous ; wings dusky at the base.
Length 4—5 mill.
2? and 8 like thes, but rather more shining ; the seg-
ments of the abdomen above with an apical fringe of
fine short hairs, set at some distance from each other ;
extreme apex of the body, tarsi, and sometimes tibie,
more or less testaceous. Length, ? 6 mill., ¥3—5 mill.
Hab.—Generally distributed; in old trees, &e. Very
distinct from any other species. g and? are found in
June and July.
2. niger, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. 1, p. 580.
g fuscous, legs and flagellum of antenne rather
paler, entire insect covered with a fine, adpressed, grey
pubescence, and with scattered, fine, erect hairs ; head
slightly narrower than the thorax, deeply sulcate in
front ; mesothorax, looked at sideways, much raised and
rounded in front, flat on the disk; wings hyaline ;
scutellum large, somewhat raised, and nearly square ;
scale of the petiole somewhat truncate above, and largely,
but very slightly, emarginate ; abdomen somewhat egg-
shaped ; scape of the antenne and tibiz with fine erect
hairs. Length 3—5 mill.
é much larger than the?, similar in colour, but
with the mandibles, legs, and scape of antenne pale
testaceous-brown ; head much narrower than the thorax ;
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 209
wings large and hyaline, their nervures pale ; abdomen
very large and oval, densely covered with a fine silky
pubescence, and with short, semi-erect, brownish hairs ;
scape of the antenne and tibie with fine erect hairs.
Length 8—10 mill.
S generally rather smaller than the ¢, and like
like the 2 in colour and pubescence, but the head larger
and much wider than the thorax; abdomen only
slightly larger than the head; scape of the antenne and
tibie with fine erect hairs; extreme apex of the antennz
pale in all the sexes. Length 2—5 mill.
Hab.—Very abundant everywhere.
3. alienus, Forst. Hym. Stud. i. Heft p. 36.
Differing only from the preceding in having the scape
of the antenne and tibie without the erect ‘hairs, and
being generally rather paler and smaller; ? with the
costal area infuscate.
_Hab.—Not nearly so common as niger, but widely
distributed. I have taken it at Chobham, Hayling
Island, &e.
umbratus, Nyl. Add. Adn. Form. Bor. Eur. p. 1048.
= brunnea, Sm. Cat. Brit. Hym. p. 2.
The ¢ of this species is easily distinguished from
either of the above by the fia wider “head, which
is wider than the thorax, by the mandibles being armed
with five teeth, and by the dark smoky base to the wings.
The flagellum of the antenne and the tibie and tarsi are
also paler. Length 8—5 mill.
The ¢ differs from the allied species in its brighter
brown, almost mahogany, colour, the large head,
which is wider than the thorax, the much smaller
abdomen, and the hght clear brown antenne and legs.
Length 7 mill.
The % is of a pale yellow colour, and _ therefore
can only be confounded with L. flavus, from which the
erect hairs of the tibie and the denser hairiness of the
body generally distinguish it. Length 2—5 mill.
Hab.—Generally distributed, and not uncommon. It
occurs in the London district, and I have taken it at
Chobham, Hayling Island, &e.
210 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
5. flavus, DeGeer. Ins. i1. 1089, 5, pl. xli. f. 24—28.
$ differs from the preceding by the narrow head
and the untoothed mandibles, and the tibiz without erect
hairs; from niger and alienus it differs in having no
distinct frontal channel, and the wings generally shghtly
clouded at the base.
? differs from wmbratus in the smaller head, paler
colour, and smaller size, and the want of erect hairs
on the tibie; from mger and alienus in the dusky
base to the wings, the brown colour extending to nearly
their middle.
¥ pale yellow, Like umbratus, but generally smaller,
and distinguished by the want of the erect hairs on the
tibie and scape of the antenne.
Hab.—Common everywhere.
Taprnoma, Foerst. (Pl. VII. fig. 8).
Hym. Stud. 1 Heft, p. 48.
Differs from either of the preceding genera in wanting
the upright scale to the petiole, which is represented by
a flattened, somewhat oblong, node.
(2) 1. Black or brown-black oc 56 ae .. erratica.
(1) 2. Rufo-testaceous ; § only known St ote .. polita.
1. erratica, Latr. Essai Fourm. France, p. 24.
At first sight like a very dark Laswus niger, but at
once distinguishable by the want of the upright scale to
the petiole.
$ dark black-brown; eyes situated about midway be-
tween the base of the head and the apex of the mandibles,
vertex square, clypeus deeply emarginate ; antenne very
long, three-quarters as longas the body, joints of the flagel-
lum subequal; thorax rounded in front, disk flat ; wings
hyaline, nervures pale; abdomen with a few scattered
bristly hairs above, all the segments with a fringe of
hairs beneath ; genitalia very large, of the same colour
as the rest of the body; tibiz and tarsi pale, the former
clouded in the middle. Length 5—6 mill.
? brown-black, with similar pubescence to that of
the ¥; abdomen wider than in the male. Length
5—6 mill.
% jet-black, covered with very fine adpressed grey
hairs; the extreme base of the tibie and _ tarsi
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 211
paler. Very like ZL. niger in shape, but eyes much
farther from the base of the head; clypeus deeply
emareginate ; mandibles with long hairs on their surface ;
no upright scale to the petiole; surface of the body above
without upright hairs; abdomen beneath with long fine
hairs on each segment. Length, 3—5 mill.
Hab.—Common only in certain localities, and it seems
to confine itself to sandy and dry heathy country. It
has occurred at Bournemouth, Chobham, Weybridge,
Guildford, Coombe Wood; also near Croydon, and in
Scotland.
2. nitens, Mayr. Verh. Zool. Bot. Wien. ii. p. 143.
= polita, Smith, fide Emery and Forel.
“8 rufo-testaceous, smooth and shining ; head elon-
gate, with a few scattered long hairs, and slightly
emarginate behind ; the scape as long as the head; the
flagellum about the same length, the two apical joints
slightly thickened ; thorax narrow ed behind, and slightly
strangulated between the meso- and metathorax, the latter
emarzinate behind, with the lateral angles rounded ;
seale decumbent, rounded above; abdomen ovate,
sprinkled with a few long hairs.”
Length 4 mill. ¥ only known.
I have never seen Smith’s polita, so copy the descrip-
tion from his book.
Hab.—Wales ; one specimen. J.C. Dale, Esq.
PONERIDA.
Ponsra, Latr. (Pl. VII. fig. 4).
Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins.
This genus is easily recognised by its elongate parallel-
sided shape, and the thick large scale of the petiole, as
well as by its short clavate antenne, which hardly reach
to the apex of the metathorax in the %, and the
constricted 1st segment of the abdomen; maxillary palpi
1- or 2-jointed, labial palpi 2-jointed ; wings with one
radial cell, two submarginals, and one discoidal.
(2) 1. Paler, puncturation distinct, especially on the head;
maxillary palpi mas the 2nd terminating
mal yay Oe -. contracta.
(1) 2. Darker, puncturation so ine as 5 he flardly dis-
tinguish able even under a somewhat strong lens ;
maxillary palpi with only a single joint .. .. punctatissima.
TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1880.—ParT Iv. (DEC.) U
212 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
1. contracta, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. p. 195, pl. vii.
fig. 40.
3 brown, somewhat shining; head dull, er
punctured ; mandibles testaceous-red; thorax shining,
rather remotely punctured; abdomen covered with
somewhat decumbent pale hairs; apex of the abdomen
paler, with a strong reflexed spine ; legs testaceous.
@ and ¥% of a paler colour, but with the same strong
punctuation ; the maxillary palpi of two joints, the second
ending in a hair; abdomen covered with pale hairs ;
eyes obsolete in the ¥ ; wings of the? asinthes.
Length 83—4 mill.
Hab.—Rare. Brighton; Merton, Dr. Power; Wey-
bridge, Mr. Billups. I have never taken it myself.
2. punctatissima, Rog. Berl. Zeitsch. 1859, p. 246, pl. vii.
fig. 7 (palpi). = tarda, Sm.
Very like the above, but darker ; the punctuation of
the head is much finer, so fine indeed as to be hardly
discernible, and the pubescence of the abdomen adpressed,
not mixed with semi-prominent hairs, as in contracta ;
maxillary palpi 1-jointed.
Length 8—4 mill.
Hab.—Occasionally in houses; native ?
MYRMICIDAL.
(12) 1. Wings not very dark, or if dark not longly
ciliated at the edges in ¢; Ist node of petiole
much widened behind 9? and 3.
(11) 2. Metathorax spinedin 9 and %; mesothorax with
two impressed lines converging behind in the $
(4) 3. Last 3 joints of flagellum not nearly so long as
its remainder in 9 and $%; apical nerve of sub-
marginal cell in g\ and @ divided in two by a
transverse nervure 55 ays -. Myrmica.
(3) 4, Last 3 joints of flagellum as gag or nearly as
long as its remainder in @ and S; apical nerve
of submarginal cell in Ss not divided by a
transverse neryure.
(6) 5. 2nd node of petiole in 9 and 8 agined beneath ;
3 with clypeus keeled .. : . Stenamma.
(5) 6. 2nd node in 9 and 8 simple; aly peus of oo not
keeled.
(10) 7%. Hairs of thorax simple in 9 and 8; antenne
10- or 13-jointed in @; if 13-jointed, then with
Ist joint of petiole very long.
(9) 8. Eyes very small, and head reticulated behind in
@ and 8; g§ antennex 13-jointed a0 .. Asemorhoptrum.
(8) 9. Eyes not very small, and head longitudinally
striate behind; g§ antenne 10-jointed .. Tetramorium.
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 213
(7) 10. Hairs of thorax clubbed in ? and 8; antenne
12- or 13-jointed in @; Ist dome of petiole not
elongate .. 36 .. Leptothoraz.
(2) 11. Metathorax not spineats in 9 and 8; mesothorax
in § without converging lines .. Ot .. Solenopsis.
(1) 12. Wings very dark and ciliated in oi Ist node of
petiole square in 8 and 9° -. Myrmecina.
Myrmica. (PI. VII. figs. 5 and 6).
Latreille, Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv. p. 181.
The five forms that I have described of this genus
bear a very close general resemblance to one another,
and the latest authorities, Messrs. Emery and Forel, con-
sider them as mere races of one species. I have no doubt
they are right; but as a rule they are pretty easily dis-
tinguishable, and I have therefore thought better to keep
them distinct.
The short apical joints to the flagellum, the last three of
which are not nearly so long as its remaining joints in the
? and ¥ ,and the transverse nervure which divides the sub-
marginal cell in the 3 and @, distinguish this genus
from its allies. Labial palpi 4-jointed; maxillarypalpi
6-jointed.
(6) 1. g with the basal joint of the antenne half as long
as the flagellum, and also gradually curved near
the base; @ and §% with the basal joint not
somewhat angularly and sharply bent near the
base.
(3) 2. Frontal area longitudinally striated in all the sexes sulcinodis.
(2) 3. Frontal area smooth and shining in all the sexes.
(5) 4. g with long erect hairs on the tibiex; 9 with the
metathoracic spines not longer than they are wide
at the base; 8 with the spines scarcely longer
than in the 9 and the ae between them
smooth and shining : ae . levinodis.
(4) 5. g with short, somewhat adpressed hairs on the
tibie; 9 with metathoracic spines much longer
than their basal width; $3 with long spines like
the 9 and with the space between them rugose ruginodis.
(1) 6. g with the basal joint of the antenne not } so long
as the flagellum, or, if half as long as the Haeol:
lum, then with it sharply bent near the base;
and 8 with the basal jot sharply and angu-
larly bent near the base.
(8) 7. g basal joint of antennx very short, not longer
than the first two or three joints of the flagellum ;
@ and $ with the basal eh not puieoee at its
bend . aC c . seabrinodis.
(7) 8. gf basal fue of antennee half as Tong as te facet
lum; sharply bent at the base; 9 and 8 with
the angle of the basal joint spinosely lobate .. lobicornis.
214 My. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
1. ruginodis, Nyl. Adn. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. p. 929, 2.
$ dark brown, shining, surface with scattered,
short, semi-erect hairs; mesothorax in front, meta-
thorax, and abdomen polished and shining ; wings dusky
at the base, the dusky colour extending as far as
the radial cell; head, across the eyes, wider than the
thorax, eyes very prominent, situated about midway
between the base of the head and the apex of the
mandibles, frontal area not suleate, vertex somewhat
longitudinally rugose ; antenne with the scape curved
towards the base, and thickened towards the apex,
as long as the first six joints of the flagellum ; meso-
thorax in front of the converging lines very shining and
polished, behind them slightly uneven, with indications
of longitudinal rugosities; metathorax with two very
blunt spines, both nodes of the petiole smooth and
shining; abdomen about the same width as the thorax,
ega-shaped; legs with fine short semi-adpressed hairs.
Length 6 mill.
? testaceous, covered with long pale hairs; head,
with the exception of the mandibles, abdomen except at
the apex, and a curved line running from the insertion
of the wings, round the scutellum, generally darker ;
wings more or less testaceous towards the base, nerves
pale ; head and thorax deeply and longitudinally rugose,
the latter rather smoother on the disk; head wider than
the thorax, frontal area smooth and shining, scape
of the antenne slightly and regularly curved at the
base ; mesothorax rounded in front, moderately convex
on the disk, as wide behind as in front ; metathorax with
two strong, slightly curved spines, which are longer than
they are wide at the base, space between them trans-
versely rugose; nodes of the petiole rugose ; abdomen
shortly oval, with a darker cloud towards the base;
legs covered with short, somewhat adpressed hairs.
Length 6—7 mill.
% differs from the ? in the shape of the thorax,
which is wider in front than behind, and constricted
near the middle; it is also generally much more
rugose, with the rugosities deep and longitudinal. The
metathorax is as high as the mesothorax, and the spines
project above its level. Length 5—6 mill.
A common species in most localities,
Feteroqyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 215
2. levinodis, Nyl. Adn..Mon. Form. Bor. Hur. p. 927.
Extremely like the above, but differs in the male by
being smaller, with the antenne much shorter, and the
scape slightly shorter in comparison with the flagellum,
and the legs covered with long erect hairs.
In the @ by the metathoracic spines being much
shorter and wider, each spine being wider at the base
than itis long, and quite straight, the space between the
spines being smooth and shining, not transversely rugose
as in the preceding; the nodes of the petiole also are
rather smoother. In the 8. much as in the ?, but
having, besides, the thorax less deeply rugose, and the
rugosities not longitudinal.
Also a common species, but less generally distributed
than the preceding.
3. sulcinodis, Nyl. Adn. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. p. 931.
$ differs from either of the preceding in being
darker (nearly black) ; head not shining, with the frontal
area longitudinally sulcate ; mesothorax in front dull,
more or less tranversely wrinkled, rather deeply and
longitudinally rugose behind the converging lines ;
scutellum and base of the metathorax also rugose ; first
node of the petiole dull and more or less rugose, second
polished and shining ; abdomen and legs much as in the
preceding. Length 6 mill.
? and may be known by their darker, redder brown
colour, the head more deeply rugose, and reticulated
behind the eyes at the sides, the scape of the
antenne curved suddenly near the base, the frontal area
suleate, the thorax and nodes of the petiole deeply,
longitudinally, and rugosely sulcate. Length 6—7 mill.
Hab.—Rare. Wales, Hampshire, Chobham.
4. scabrinodis, Nyl. Adn. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. p. 9380.
gat once known from any of the preceding by the
short scape of the antenne, which is not longer than the
first two or three joints of the flagellum, and by having
the legs very densely covered with long erect hairs.
@ and ¥ very like sulcinodis, but with the scape
of the antenne thicker and rather shorter, distinctly
geniculated near the base; it also appears to be flat-
tened at the turn: this appearance is given by a sort
216 Mr. E.. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
of angular dilatation on its upper side. The thorax and
the nodes of the petiole are less rugose. The colour of
the insect is testaceous, as in ruginodis and levinodis,
from which the geniculated scape distinguish it at
once. Wings in the 2? dusky to beyond the submarginal
cell.
Hab.—Very abundant almost everywhere.
5. lobicornis, Nyl. Adn. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. p. 982,
fic. Smith Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. i. fig. 12 (antenna).
Like the other species of the genus in general
appearance.
3 differs from scabrinodis in the long scape of the
antenne, which is half as long as the flagellum, and from
the other species in the scape being angularly bent at
the base.
? and 8 are of the same dark colour as sulcinodis,
but have the scape of the antenne geniculated as in
scabrinodis, but not flattened at the bend, the bend
bearing a distinct spine.
Hab.—Rare. Chobham, South Shields, Whitley, Scot-
land, &c.
Stenamma, Westw. (Pl. VII. fig. 7).
Intr. Class. Ins. vol. i. p. 226.
This genus may be known from Myrmica by having
only three joints to the labial palpi and four to the
maxillary, and by the 8 and 2? only having eleven
joints to the antenne. The smooth polished sur-
face of the head and thorax and the spine under
the second node of the petiole in the ? and 3, as
well as the keeled clypeus of the g, will distinguish it
from all its allies.
1. Westwoodu, Westw. Intr. Class. Ins. i. p. 226,
pl. Ixxxvi. die, 1.
$ brownish black ; antenne, mandibles, sides of pro-
thorax, and legs pale, slightly hairy; head and thorax
dull, and very finely rugose ; clypeus with a central keel ;
abdomen smooth and shining ; wings milky white ; ante-
rior wings with the marginal cell incomplete, and with
one Submarginal and one discoidal cell. Length 5 mill.
? and ¥ testaceous, smooth, polished, and shining,
with short scattered hairs; antenne rather densely
Feterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 217
clothed with short hairs, basal joint of the flagellum
as long as the next three together; metathorax with
two rather short, triangular spies, second node of
the petiole beneath produced in front into a strong spine ;
abdomen more or less brown across the middle ; wings
ofgasing, but clearer. Length, 2? 5 mill., § 3—4 mill.
Hab.—Nests of Fornica rufa. Weybridge, Guild-
ford, &e.
AsEMoRHOPTRUM, Mayr.
Europ. Form. (Nachtrag.), after p. 75.
This genus is very closely allied in general appearance
to the following, but the ¢ may be known at once
by its 13-jomted antenne ; the @ and 8 by their small
eyes and 8- to 9-toothed mandibles.
1. hppula, Nyl. Add. Alt. Form: Bor. p. 4h. Fig.
Smith, Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. i. fig. 18.
& brown, the antenne and legs paler, sparsely
clothed with long fine pale hairs ; head finely and longi-
tudinally rugose; scape of the antenne as long as the
first three joints of the flagellum ; wings ciliated, some-
what opaque, nervures very pale; metathorax nearly
smooth, with a tooth on each side at the apex ; abdomen
smooth and shining ; first joint of the petiole very long ;
apex of the abdomen densely covered with somewhat
curled whitish hairs. Length 4 mill.
? and 8 reddish brown, mandibles, antenne, and
legs rather paler; head rather elongate and narrow,
finely reticulated; thorax irregularly, longitudinally
rugose ; metathorax with two short spines ; first joint of
the petiole elongate, with a rather small apical node,
second node of the petiole nearly round, a little longer
than wide, first segment of abdomen beyond the petiole,
very long, at least three times as long as the remainder.
Length, ? 5—6 mill., ¥ 3 mill.
Hab.—Rare. Plymouth, London district, Chobham,
Tunbridge Wells, Norwich, &c.
Trrramorium, Mayr.
Form. Austr. p. 151.
Differs from Myrmica, &c., as shown in the table of
genera.
218 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
Antenne 10-jointed inthe ¢ 12-jointed in ? and ¥%;
labial palpi 3-jointed ; maxillary palpi 6-jomted ; front
wings with one marginal, one submarginal, and one
discoidal cell ; metathorax with two spines in the 2 and 8 ;
merely truncate and angulated in thes; 2 nearly twice
the size of the ¥ , and considerably larger than the 3.
1. cespitum, Linn. Syst. Ent. ed. x. vol. i. p. 581.
3 brown-black, shining; head much narrower than
thorax ; antenne and legs paler ; head finely and longi-
tudinally rugose on the vertex ; thorax shining, clothed
with scattered hairs; nodes of the petiole short, the
second widely transverse, both more or less hairy above ;
abdomen polished and shining, with a few scattered pale
hairs; wings milky white, nervures pale. Length
6—7 mill.
? larger than the ¢; head as wide as thorax, or
nearly so; mesothorax irregularly punctured ; apex
of the metathorax emarginate and spined at each side ;
abdomen oval, shining and polished, with pale scattered
hairs; wingsasintheg. Length 7—8 mill.
% dark brown; thorax, sides of head, antenna,
mandibles, and legs somewhat paler. Head large and
quadrate, decidedly wider than the thorax, longitudinally
striate ; thorax longitudinally striate, much widest in
front; metathorax with two sharp spines. Nodes of the
petiole much elevated, smooth ; first, looked at sideways,
almost as high as long; looked at from above, not quite
so wide as long; second, looked at sideways, nearly
round; looked at from above, transverse. Abdomen
shining and polished. Entire insect clothed with scat-
tered long hairs. Length 2—4 mill.
Hab.—Sandy localities ; often very abundant.
LeptotHorax, Mayr.
Form. Austr. p. 159.
This genus consists of three species only in England,
which have the peculiarity of having their hairs clavate
in the @ and ¥, a character easily seen with a
strong lens. The ¢ is small, scarcely larger than
the 3; the ¢ is also small, with 11- or 18-jointed
antenne ; the frontal area not clearly defined. Labial
palpi 3-jomted ; maxillary palpi 5-jointed.
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 219
(2) 1. S antenne 12-jointed; 9 and 8 l1l-jointed .. acervorwm.
(1) 2. § antenne 18-jointed; 9 and 8 12-jointed.
(4) 3. g thorax in front of the converging lines very
finely rugose: club of the antenne in 9 and %
dark .. ie Me 20 ere ae .. wnifasciatus.
(3) 4. g thorax in front of the converging lines smooth
and polished ; club of the antennw in ? and 3
pale .. 50 on ois 3¢ a .. Nylandert.
1. acervorum, Fab. Ent. Syst. 11. p. 358.
$ black; mandibles and legs brown, joints and
tarsi paler ; clothed with long whitish hairs, especially
on the dull, rugose head ; mandibles not toothed ; antenne
12-jointed, scape very short and thick, about as long as
the second joint of the flagellum, which is much longer
than the first; thorax irregularly rugose posteriorly ;
metathorax tuberculated at the sides behind; nodes of
the petiole smooth and shining; abdomen shining and
smooth; wings very thin, milky white. Length 5 mill.
? brownish red; head, thorax, and abdomen above,
nearly black; mandibles, scape, and lees paler; an-
tenn 11-jointed, head finely and longitudinally rugose ;
thorax and nodes of the petiole also rugose ; metathorax
with two stout, rather blunt spines; abdomen shining,
with scattered white hairs; legs with prominent hairs.
Leneth 4—5 mill.
% testaceous-red ; head, apex of antenne, and abdo-
men nearly black; thorax sometimes with a more or
less extended dark patch on the disc. Entire insect
clothed with scattered short, upright, pale hairs; head
and thorax rugose; antenne 12-joited; metathorax
with two short, rather blunt spines; first jomt of the
petiole nearly quadrangular looked at from above, from
a side view much raised posteriorly ; both joints more
or less rugose ; abdomen smooth and shining. Length
4 mill.
Hab.—Under bark, &e.; chiefly a northern species. I
have taken it, however, near Croydon, and it occurs, I
believe, in other localities near London.
2. Nylanderi, Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. p. 53.
$ brown; the mandibles, antenne, and legs pale ;
mandibles 4- or 5-toothed; scape of the antenne as
long as the first three or four joints of the flagellum ; the
first seven joints of the flagellum are of about equal
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—PaRT Iv. (DEC.) x
220 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
lengths, the following four are thicker and longer, and the
apical joint is almost longer than the two preceding
together ; thorax in front of the converging lines smooth
and shining, behind finely and longitudinally rugose ;
metathorax finely rugose, and with two small tubercles ;
abdomen shining, the nodes of the petiole smooth above.
Length 2 mill.
? testaceous, club of the antenne of the same
colour ; abdomen black-brown, with the base of the first
segment widely, and of the following more or less
narrowly, testaceous. Head and thorax longitudinally
striate, clothed with scattered club-shaped hairs ; thorax
as wide as the head ; wings slightly milky, nervures very
pale ; metathorax with two sharp spines, very wide at the
base; abdomen shining, clothed with scattered hairs.
Length 5 mill.
% differs from the ? only in having the thorax
much narrower than the head and constricted in the
middle, its surface rather more rugosely striate, and
the spines of the metathorax rather longer, and in being
smaller in size. Length 2 mill.
Hab.—Not common. I have taken it by sweeping at
Chobham and at Wimbledon, but only in solitary speci-
mens. 1 have compiled the description of the ¢ from
Mayr’s ‘ Formicina Austriaca.’
3. unifasciata, Ltr. Ess. ?Hist. Nat. Fourm. Fr. p. 47.
Very like the preceding, of which Messrs. Forel and
Kmery consider it a race, putting them both together
under the name tuberwm, Nyl.
The g may be known from that sex of Nylanderi by
having the thorax in front of the converging lines rugose ;
the @ and 8% by having the apex of the antenne dark
dark brown, and the black bands of the body narrower,
often wanting, except on the basal segments.
Hab.—Rare. Sherborne, Dorset, C. W. Dale; and
Ventnor, Isle of Wight, taken by myself.
SoLENopsis, West.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1840, t. vi. p. 86.
Diplorhoptrum pars, Smith.
This genus may be easily known from any other British
one of this group. The ¢ has the mesothorax without
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 221
the impressed converging lines observable in all the
others, and the ? and ¥ have the metathorax without
spines or teeth; the species are very small, the ¥
a good deal smaller than the ¢ and ?. Labial palpi
2-jointed, maxillary palpi 2-jointed; ¢ antenne 12-
jomted, 2? and 8 10-jointed, club 2-jointed; front wings
with one marginal, one submarginal, and one discoidal
cell.
1. fugaz, Ltr. Ess. ’Hist. Fourm. Fr. p.46. Fig. Smith
Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. 1. fig. 15, 16.
$ black, shining; mandibles, antenne, and legs
brown; tarsi and inner margins of the mandibles
testaceous. Entire insect covered with long pale hairs ;
mandibles with three teeth; scape of the antenne short,
about as long as the second joint of the flagellum, but
thicker; the three apical joimts are longer than the
others. Head and thorax finely rugose ; abdomen shining,
nodes of the petiole finely rugose ; wings hyaline, nervures
pale. Length 5 mill.
? brown-black, shining; mandibles, antenne, and
legs paler. Entire insect hairy, like the ¢; man-
dibles with four teeth; scape of the antenne reach-
ing to the eye; the first joint of the flagellum is twice as
long as wide, the seven following, shorter than wide, the
ninth and tenth forming a decided club. Head and
thorax punctured ; abdomen shining and punctured,
nodes of the petiole somewhat rugose ; wings as in the 3.
Length 6 mill.
% pale yellow, shining, covered with long pale
hairs; clypeus bidentate; mandibles with four teeth ;
scape of the antenne not quite so long as the flagellum,
but reaching almost tothe middle of the apical joint ;
apical joint almost as long as all the other joints of the
flagellum together, apical and penultimate joints forming
the club. Head and thorax with scattered punctures ;
metathorax rounded, without spines; abdomen with
scattered punctures ; first joint of the petiole very wide
behind and rounded, second slightly transverse; legs
hairy. Length 2 mill.
Hab.—Southend and Deal, F. Smith.
The habits of this little species, according to Forel
(Mitth. Schw. Entom. Gesellsch. vol. i. No. 3, 1869), are
most interesting. It appears often or generally to live
229, Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
in the walls of the nests of other ants, so that the two
species do not intermix, and, although living in such
close proximity to one another, are bitter enemies, and
fight ferociously if they meet. The channels cut out by
S. fugax are so fine that they will only just admit the
insect. The long account given by Forel, quoted above,
is well worth reading.
Monomorium Puaraonis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. Vol. 1.
y :
p. 580. = Diplorhoptrum domesticum, Sm.
This genus and species can hardly be included
amongst our indigenous Hymenoptera, yet it is unfortu-
nately so common now in many houses that I cannot
leave it out.
It belongs to the same division as Solenopsis fugax, the
$ having no converging lines on the mesothorax,
and the ? and % no spines on the metathorax. Its
elongate form and almost naked surface at once dis-
tinguish it from fugax, as well as the short terminal joint
to the antenne, which is not more than half as long as
the rest of the flagellum. The ¢ also has 18-jointed
antenne, and the ? and ¥ 12; the club composed of
three joints.
Common in some houses in London, Hastings, &e.
“A native of tropical and subtropical countries through-
out the entire world, living in houses.”’—Forel and Emery.
Myrmecina, Curt. (Pl. VII. fig. 8.)
Brit. Ent: vol. vi. tol. 226.
$ antenne 18-jointed, 2 and ¥ 12-jomted; maxillary
palpi 4-joimted, labial palpi 8-jointed ; mandibles small
inthe ¢, with three teeth ; those of the @ and 8 with
two strong teeth, and seven indistinct small ones ; wings
very dark and hairy, and margins ciliated, with an ap-
pendiculated marginal cell and one submarginal; meta-
thorax spined in all the sexes, but very shortly so in
the ¢; first node of the petiole nearly square in all
the sexes, second somewhat rounded in front, truncate
behind.
1. Latreille:, Curt. Brit. Ent. vi. fig. 265%. Smith
Brit. Hoss. Hiym:. pl. a. figs9) oF:
$ black-brown, covered with rather long hairs; an-
tenne and legs somewhat paler. Head with the vertex
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 223
much rounded and elevated, the ocelli very prominent ;
antenne with the scape very short, about as long as the
two following joints; mesothorax irrecularly punctured
and somewhat rugose behind, converging lines very deep
and crenate ; metathorax crenate at the base, apex with
two short spines; wings as in the description of the
genus; abdomen shining and polished; nodes of the
petiole irregularly rugose ; legs finely pilose. Length
4 mill.
? rather larger than the 3g, black-brown, with the
clypeus, mandibles, antennz, legs, and the under side
of the thorax and nodes of the petiole reddish tes-
taceous. Head rugose, somewhat clathrately so at the
sides ; scape of the antenne thick, and about as long as
the nine following joints of flagellum; mesothorax
smooth in front, longitudinally rugose behind; meta-
thorax with two horizontal spines; abdomen shining,
finely pilose, nodes of the petiole rugose, basal node
nearly quadrangular; legs finely pilose. Length 4 mill.
¥ like the 2? but smaller, and with thorax more rugose.
Length 3 mill.
Hab.—Rare. Isle of Wight; London district ;
Worthing.
The following species have been admitted into our
lists, but they only occur in greenhouses, or other places
where there can be little or no doubt that they have been
introduced from abroad :—
Tetramorium guineense, F.— Kollari, Sm.— Green-
houses, Exeter, &c.
T’. simillimum, Sm.—Kew, &e.
Pheidole megacephala, F.= levigata, Sm. — Green-
houses, &c., Exeter, and house in the Borough.
FOSSORKS.
Of this tribe we have thirty-six genera in England,
varying very much in structure and in the neuration of
the wings. They have all short tongues, and the ? has
no pollen-collecting apparatus; the first joint of the
posterior tarsi also is not wider than the others, as it
is in nearly all the Mellifere. Still, there are cases
where it is not easy, at least for a beginner, to say
whether the insect before him belongs to the Fossores
224 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
or the Mellifere. In such cases I believe the structure
of the hairs will prove an unfailing test, the plumose or
branched hairs being a character of the Mellifere only.
FOSSORES.
Division I. — Prothorax considerably produced posteriorly, its hinder
angles reaching to the tegule of the wings; ? some-
times apterous.
Division II.—Prothorax often consisting of little more than a narrow
collar, its posterior angles lobately produced, but in no
case extending to the tegule; 9 never apterous
Drviston I.
(4) 1. Eyes sometimes small, sometimes larger and reni-
form, not touching the base of the mandibles.
(3) 2. Eyes not reniform; 9 apterous aS ac .. Mutillide.
(2) 3. Eyes reniform; 9 winged .. de sic .. Sapygide.
(1) 4. Eyes large, touching the base of the mandibles.
(6) 5. Intermediate tibia with one long spur; inter-
mediate coxee remote of Bc .- Scoliide.
(5) 6. Intermediate tibise with two ional spurs; inter-
mediate cox contiguous .. ac a .. Pompilide.
MUTILLIDAL.
(2) 1. Intermediate coxe distant; 9 without ocelli .. Mutilla.
(1) 2. Intermediate cox contiguous; 9 with ocelli.
(4) 3. g with four submarginal cells; 9 rugose .. .» Myrmosa.
(3) 4. g. with three submarginal cells; e smooth and
shining- S.C gc a6 : 510 . Methoca.
Morinua, Linn. (PI. VII. fig. 9).
Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p. 582.
This genus, with its strongly punctured and pubescent
species, 1s not likely to be confounded with any but
the genus immediately following, viz., Myrmosa, the ? of
which, in general appearance, greatly resembles the ? of
Mutilla ; the presence of ocelli in the Myrmosa ? will,
however, immediately distinguish them. In both our
British species the abdomen is banded with pale
golden or silvery hairs; the head is small and round,
the eyes not reaching the base of the mandibles.
Wings of the 9 with three submarginal cells, the mar-
ginal cell short and somewhat semicircular; tegule very
large ; tibie of the ? denticulate; ¢ winged; 9 apterous.
FHeterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 225
(2) 1. Large, 12—15 mill. long; abdomen in the § steel-
blue, with silvery bands; basal eS in the
Qw ithout a dorsal spot .. a0 c . Europea.
(1) 2. Small, 5—8 mill. long; abdomen in nce te
silvery bands; basal segment in g with a round
dorsal spot .. He in ; ore .. rufipes.
1. Huropea, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p. 588. Fig.
Panz. Faun. Germ. 76—20¢, Donov. Brit. Ins.
pl. 212.
3 head dark steel-blue, coarsely punctured; pro-
thorax black; mesothorax red, deeply punctured, with
the sides black; scutellum and _ post-scutellum red;
metathorax rugose, black, sometimes with the base red ;
wings fuscous ; abdomen hairy, steel-blue, deeply punc-
tured, with a band of pale hairs on the Ist, 2nd, and
3rd segments, those of the 2nd and 8rd slightly inter-
rupted.
? head black, rugosely punctured, covered with
black hairs; thorax red, quadrangular, rugose; pro-
thorax alone black, surface covered with bristly black
hairs ; abdomen black, deeply and rugosely punctured,
clothed with long bristly black hairs; 1st, 2nd, and 8rd
seements with an apical band of golden hairs, that of
the 2nd and 8rd interrupted in the middle, that of the
3rd extending almost to the base of the segment; legs
densely hairy ; tibiz spinose.
Length 12—15 mill.
Hab.—Sandy lanes, Kent ; Darenth and Birch Woods ;
Hampshire; &c. Often found in the nests of the species
of Bombus.
2. rufipes, Latr. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. 1. p. 9 (1792)
= ephippium, Fab. Ent. Syst. u. p. 370, d (1798).
Fig. Curtis Brit. Ent. ii. pl. [xxvii.
Largely and deeply punctured, covered with long
projecting hairs.
$ with the head black and very rugosely punctured,
with a deep longitudinal incision on the vertex; pro-
thorax, mesothorax, and scutellum red, the first black in
its centre; wings slightly dusky; metathorax black,
shining, largely and clathrately rugose ; abdomen black,
shining, largely punctured and clothed with silvery hairs,
the 1st and 2nd segments with an apical band of silvery
226 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
hairs; beneath with the 1st and apical segments largely
punctured, the others punctured only near the apex;
legs black.
Female, head round, black, coarsely punctured; an-
tenn and mandibles rufo-ferruginous, the former dusky
towards the apex; thorax red, rugosely punctured, clothed
with a short adpressed silvery pubescence and scattered
black, projecting hairs; abdomen black, punctured,
clothed with black adpressed hairs and with long scattered
projecting pale hairs, basal segment with a round spot
on the disk and a band at the apex silvery, 2nd segment
entirely covered with silvery hairs ; legs red.
Length 5—8 mill.
Common in some localities. Weybridge, Southwold,
Hayling Island, Plumstead Common, Charlton, near
Greenwich, Deal, Southend, Sandown Bay, &e.
Myrmosa, Latr. (Pl. VII. fig. 10).
Hist. Nat. xii. p. 266.
There is only one British species in this genus, which
is well characterised. 9 entirely black; wings with
four submarginal cells; segments of the abdomen
shghtly constricted at the base. @ much the same
shape as that of Mutilla, but with distinct ocelli, and the
intermediate coxee contiguous. The surface in both sexes
is rugosely punctured and hairy.
1. melanocephala, Fab. Ent. Syst. u. p. 372,92. Fig.
Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv. pl. xiii. figs. 6 and 8.
& black, rugose, covered with silvery grey hairs ;
head quadrangular on the vertex, face rounded, broader
than long; prothorax truncate in front, mesothorax
meeting it in a semicircular line; metathorax bounded
at the sides by a slightly-raised line, and channelled in
the middle at the base ; wings slightly fuscous, with four
submarginal cells ; 2nd to 6th abdominal segments con-
stricted and depressed at the apex, the depressed portion
smooth and shining, 7th segment sulcate, bifid at the
apex, 2nd segment beneath with a small spine at the
base. Length 6—10 mill.
? apterous, covered with short pale hairs; head
black, rugosely punctured; antenne testaceous, dusky
towards the apex ; thorax testaceous-red, rugose, slightly
FHeterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 227
widest in front, sides almost straight ; abdomen rugosely
punctured, black, with the basal segment, and the base of
the second, laterally testaceous-red, each segment at the
apex testaceous, with a fringe of pale shining hairs and
a few scattered longer hairs on the surface; legs
testaceous-red. Length 5—7 mill.
Hab.—Not very common. Littlehampton, Weybridge,
Chobham, Hastings, Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Lowestoft,
Wakefield, &c. Male on flowers.
Murnoca, Lair. (Pl. VIL. fig. 11).
Hist. Nat. xii. p. 268.
$ elongate, entirely black; antenne long, reaching
to the second segment of the abdomen; wings with
three submarginal cells, the first very elongate, and with
a slight indication of a divisional nerve on its lower
margin, radial cell almost reaching to the apex of the
wing; apex of the last ventral segment produced into a
strong upcurved spine.
? black and red; head large and round; thorax
much constricted in the middle; wings wanting ; abdo-
men somewhat egg-shaped, acute at the apex, very
shining.
The g might easily be mistaken in the net for a
good-sized ichneumon.
1. ichneumonides, Latr. Hist. Nat. xii. p. 269,29. Fig.
Lep. de St. Farg. Hym. pl. xxxvi. f.2,¢. Smith
Brit. Foss. Lym: pl. nu. fig. 19":
$ black, shining, covered with short greyish white
hairs; head very hairy, strongly punctured, rounded
posteriorly, clypeus elevated into a sort of angular spine ;
antenne with the basal joimt very thick, flagellum
eradually tapering to the apex; thorax strongly punc-
tured, the puncturation of the mesothorax, &c., denser
than that of the prothorax ; prothorax truncate in front,
sides slightly curved, arcuately emarginate posteriorly ;
mesothorax sharply truncate posteriorly ; scutellum very
rugosely punctured, rounded posteriorly, and triangularly
raised in the middle; metathorax rounded, gibbous,
rugosely punctured; wings hyaline, with three sub-
marginal cells, the third bounded by the apex of the
wing ; abdomen elongate, 13 times as long as the thorax,
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—PaRT Iv. (DEC.) ve
228 Myr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
shining, with irregular scattered punctures, the 1st four
seoments depressed and constricted at the apex, apical
seement beneath bearing a strong upeurved spine ; legs
with short erey hairs. Length 12 mill.
? apterous, covered with scattered short hairs,
shining; head, except the mandibles, and abdomen
black ; mandibles, thorax, legs, and antennz testaceous-
red; antenne towards the apex, and front legs, more or
less dusky ; head nearly twice as wide as the thorax,
rounded behind, and convex on the vertex, largely and
remotely punctured; mandibles falcate, very “pointed,
with a single tooth on each before the apex, and with
long white hairs on their surface ; ; prothorax convex,
much rounded at the sides, emarginate at the base,
wider than the mesothorax ; metathorax very globose ;
abdomen petiolated, elongate, ovate, impunctate, tes-
taceous at the apex; tibiz finely spinose; tarsi obscure
at the apex. Length 6—9 mill.
Hab.—In sandy places. Weybridge ; Chobham ; Black
Gang Chine and ‘Sandown, Isle of Wight ; Hampstead ; :
Southend; Lyme Regis; Bar nes Common; Dr. Power. 3
very rare; I took one at Chobham in July, 1880, by
sweeping in the evening after 8 p.m.
SAPYGIDA.
Sapyea, Lair. (Pl. VII. fig. 12).
Prec. Caract. gen. Ins. p. 134.
Easily recognised by the long, somewhat clavate
antenne ; the truncate thorax in front, and the smooth
cylindrical abdomen, which is slightly widened towards
the apex; wings with four submarginal cells.
2) 1, Antenne of g gradually thickened to the apex ;
body in @ more or less red dc 3 .. d-punctata.
(1) 2. Antenne of g\ with their two apical joints strongly
incrassate; 9 without red on body ae .. elavicornis.
1. 5-punctata, Fab. Sp. Ins. p. 453. Fig. Panz. Faun.
Germ. 100, 17, 3
Black, punctured; ¢ with the clypeus, two spots on
the anterior margin of the prothorax, and a transverse
spot on each side of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and sometimes 5th,
abdominal segments, and a spot at the base of the
posterior tibie white; antenne beneath more or less
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 229
red. The number of spots on the abdomen is very
variable.
? with a small white spot on each side of the pro-
thorax, the abdomen having the 2nd and 3rd segments red,
the 4th and 5th each with two lateral white spots, and the
6th with a white spot in the centre. Head and thorax
dull, rugosely punctured, clothed with a fine short white
pubescence ; prothorax sharply truncate in front ; wings
sheghtly clouded; abdomen distinctly clavate in thed,
somewhat oval in the ? , with the apical segment sharply
pointed ; surface shining in the g, somewhat dull in
the ? , rugosely punctured i in both sexes.
Length 9—12 mill.
Hab.—Common in many places. On palings, &c.,
Wandsworth and London district ; Norwich, Yorkshire,
Devonshire, Kent, Hants, &c.
2. clavicornis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. 1. p. 574
(Apis). Fig. Smith Brit. Foss. Hym. te i. fig. 6
Very like the preceding, but differing in the shape of
the antenne of the g, which are longer, and have the
two apical joints much thickened, forming a distinct
club. The 2 may be kiiown at once by the colour of the
abdomen, which wants the red band of 5-punctata.
Hab.—Herefordshire, Nottingham, Birmingham, Wake-
field, &c. I have never taken it my self.
SCOLIIDAL.
Trea, Fab. (PI. VII. fig. 13).
Syst. Ent. p. 353.
May be known at once by the very elongate thorax,
sharply truncate at the anterior margin of the pr othorax
and the posterior margin of the metathorax ; the latter
is elongate and nearly square, with three raised dorsal
lines ; wings with two submarginal cells ; tibie and tarsi
hairy and multispinose.
(2) 1. Larger, radial cell incomplete in 9; g with the
Ist segment of the abdomen transversely cari-
nated at the base .. ‘ : 5 . femorata.
(1) 2. Smaller, radial cell douglas in ie Q; 3 Sith
the 1st abdominal segment not carinated at the
base .. aye te ne AE on .. minuta,
230 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
1. femorata, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 353. Fig. Panz.
Faun. Germ. iii. 2.
Black, shining, clothed with scattered, white, shining
hairs; posterior and intermediate femora and tibie
in the ¢ red. Head rugosely punctured ; prothorax
slightly emarginate in front, its angles slightly produced,
irregularly and remotely punctured anteriorly ; meso-
thorax remotely punctured; wings slightly brownish
in the ?, hyaline in the ¢, ? with the radial cell
incomplete ; scutellum finely and remotely punctured,
with a row of large punctures round its posterior
margin; metathorax sharply truncate posteriorly, with
three raised longitudinal lines down tho middle, sides
longitudinally strigose ; abdomen punctured, 1st segment
in the g with a distinct, raised, transverse line at the
base ; tibiz and tarsi hairy and spinose.
Length 8—12 mill.
Common in many localities. Birch Wood ; Blackwater,
Hants ; Windsor; Southend; Deal; Lowestoft; South-
wold; &c. Often on Umbelliferous flowers, especially
Daucus Carota.
2. minuta, V. d. Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux. iv.
p- 182. Fig. Curtis Brit. Ent. xiv. p. 664.
Somewhat like the preceding, but much smaller ;
entirely black in both sexes, and not so shining; the
wings with the stigma much larger, and the radial cell
in both sexes complete ; the ¢ without a raised transverse
line at the base of the first abdominal segment.
Length 6—7 mill.
Hab.—Hampstead, Southgate, Colney Hatch, Chob-
ham, Bristol, Glanvilles-Wootton, Braunton Burrows,
N. Devon, &c.
POMPILIDA.
(4) 1. Front wings with two submarginal cells.
(3) 2. Prothorax elongate ; wings received in the middle
of the sides of the thorax ; mandibles 3-dentate Aporus.
(2) 38. Prothorax transverse; wings received before the
middle of the thorax ; mandibles 2-dentate .. Hvagethes.
(1) 4. Three or four submarginal cells.
(10) 5. Three submarginal cells.
(7) 6. Vertex not punctured ate 50 20 -. Pompilus.
Feterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 231
(6) 7. Vertex closely and rugosely punctured.
(9) 8. @ body and legs entirely black ; g with the pos-
terior tibize simple .. Agenia,
(8) 9. g abdomen red at the eae. or with ithe legs
more or less red; 9 with the posterior tibie
outwardly serrate Be se <i .. Priocnemis.
(5) 10. Four submarginal cells .. BE ats .. Ceropales.
Arorus, Spin. (Pl. VII. fig. 14.)
Ins. Lig. 11. p. 5.
A very distinct genus, differing from our other British
Pompilide in the greater length of the prothorax, which
in the @ is nearly as long as the mesothorax and
scutellum together ; it has also, like Mvagethes, only two
submarginal cells in the upper wings.
1. wmeolor, Spin. Ins.. Lig. un. p. 88 = bicolor, Sm.
Fig. Smith Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. i. fig. 11.
$ entirely black; @ with Ist, 2nd, and sometimes
base of the 8rd segment of the abdomen red. Entire
insect covered with a fine adpressed sericeous pile,
changing colour in different lights; prothorax slightly
and arcuately emarginate posteriorly, very long, as long
as the mesothorax and scutellum together, in the ?;
wings fuscous in the ?; legs with a few fine spines on
the tibie.
Length 8—10 mill.
Hab.—Very rare. Southend, two 2; Pakefield, near
Lowestoft, one ° .—F'. Smith.
EvaceTuHes. (Pl. VII. fig. 15.)
Differs only from Pompilus in having two submarginal
cells.
1. bicolor, Lep. Ene. Meth. x. p. 183 = Aporus bicolor,
Shuck.
3 black, covered with silvery sheeny pubescence,
especially on the sides of the thorax, cox, and on the
metathorax; 1st and 2nd segments of the abdomen
generally more or less red; prothorax arcuately emargi-
nate posteriorly, apical ventral segment of abdomen
slightly carmated towards the base, 6th emarginate
and slightly depressed in the middle, as well as the 5th.
232 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
? almost identical with P. pectinipes, and, but for
the want of the 8rd submarginal cell, I believe un-
distinguishable from it.
Length 7—9 mill.
Hab.—Chobham, Bournemouth, Weybridge, &c. ; rare.
Often with P. pectinipes, and I feel it hard to believe that
the two are more than forms of the same species.
Pompr.us, Habre) (PIS Vili fe 16.)
Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 246.
This genus, so closely allied to several of those that
follow it, may be at once known by the impunctate surface
of the vertex of the head. Although this character,
which has been pointed out by Thomson, may seem to
some to be scarcely of generic importance, still it affords
a simple means of determining the genus, and dis-
tinguishes the ¢ from those of the allied genera,
wherein the ? are otherwise very different ; wings with
three abn eal cells ; posterior tibie of the ? not
serrate.
—
DD
—
—"
. Abdomen entirely black, or black with white
spots. |
3) 2. Abdomen with white spots 50 os .. Tufipes.
(2) 3. Abdomen without white spots.
5) 4. Small, legs redin the 9 ; posterior tibiz in the
with a pale spot at the base. Head with asmall
pale spot on the interior margins of the eyes .. cinetellus.
(4) 5. Head and legs entirely black.
(7) 6. g not covered with grey sericeous pubescence ; 9
with the apical segment of the abdomen densely
covered with black bristly hairs ye 50 OR
S covered with grey sericeous pubescence; 9?
with only a few scattered hairs on the apical
segment .. o6 ys 30 -. plumbeus.
(1) 8. Abdomen red at the aces
(12) 9. Metathorax more or less pilose.
(11) 10. Larger, the three red basal segments of the abdo-
men each with a black apical band Oo .. viaticus.
(10) 11. Smaller, the basal segments entirely red.. .. consobrinus.
(9) 12. Metathorax not pilose.
(22) 13. Prothorax sharply angulated posteriorly.
(17) 14. 9 with the anterior tarsi simply spined, the
spines short; g either with the posterior tibize
sinuate on the side towards the body and incras-
sated at the apex, or with the 3rd submarginal
cell subquadrate, larger than the 2nd.
=
(6)
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 233
(16) 15. # with the posterior tibiz sinuate, and ineras-
sated at the apex; both sexes with the 3rd
submarginal cell triangular ore c .. minutulius.
(15) 16. 9 tibie simple, 3rd submarginal cell in both
sexes subquadrate ae : . spissus.
(14) 17. @ with the anterior tarsi necneete: a with ie
posterior tibiw simple, and the 3rd submarginal
cell triangular.
(19) 18. g with the apical segment of the abdomen with
a long pendant spine; 9 with the apical seg-
ment beneath somewhat compressed at the sides
and subcarinate .. bo ae 5c .. Wesmaeli.
(1s) 19. f and 9 with the apical segment simple.
(21) 20. § with the 4th, 5th, and Gth segments beneath
longitudinally depressed‘ ? apical segment above
covered with bristly black hairs.. Se .. chalybeatus.
(20) 21. 9 with the segments of the abdomen beneath
not depressed; @ with the apical segment
bristly only at the sides .. - FG .. gibbus.
(13) 22. Prothorax arcuately emarginate .. oe .. pectinipes.
1. rufipes, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol.i.p. 571. Fig.
Curtis Brit. Hint. v. 238.
Black ; legs red or black; abdomen with a yellowish
white spot on each side at the base of the 2nd, 38rd, and
sometimes 4th and 5th segments, and a white spot im
the middle of the 6th, the spots on the 8rd often wanting,
and I have a specimen with spots on the 2nd, 3rd, and
5th, but wanting those on the 4th segment; wings with
a dark apical band. Head, thorax, including the meta-
thorax, and the basal segment of the abdomen, with
long hairs; front tarsi in the @ with very long spines ;
prothorax arcuately emarginate posteriorly; abdomen
elongate and somewhat acuminate, apical segment in the
2 beneath carinated, the apex largely rounded, the 6th
emarginate; apical segment in 2 above narrowly rounded,
without long hairs.
Length, ¢ 7—10 mill., ¢ 9—15 mill.
Hab.—Ramsdown, Hants; Isleof Wight; Deal ; Lowes-
toft.
2. cinctellus, Spin. Ins. Lig. 1. p. 39. Fig. Schiddte
Kroy. Tids. i. pl. iv. fig. a.
? black, covered with a fine grey silky pubescence ; head
with a small pale spot on the inner margin of each eye ;
abdomen with a spot on the apical segment, and posterior
tibie each with a small white spot at the base, their
calcaria very long, almost as long as the basal joint of
234 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
the tarsi ; wings hyaline, dusky at the apex, 2nd and 3rd
submarginal cells somewhat square, apical segment
beneath carinate. Length 4—6 mill.
@ black, legs red; mandibles, a bilobate spot on
the clypeus in front, a spot on each side of the face near
the eye, and a spot on each side of the prothorax pos-
teriorly, pale flavous ; wings hyaline ; front wings with a
broad dark band near the apex but not covering it; hind
wings with a broad band at the apex; abdomen with a
glossy grey pubescence. Length 6—9 mill.
Hab.—On sandy banks. Chobham; Southwold; Devon-
shire.
3. niger, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 350. Fig. Panz. Faun.
Germ. 71, 19.
Entirely black ; thorax with a few scattered upright
hairs; prothorax angularly emarginate posteriorly ;
metathorax finely pilose at the sides ; wings more or less
clouded, with a dark apical band ; abdomen with the 2nd
and 8rd segments at the base more or less covered
with a greyish pubescence; ? with the apical segment
above covered with long bristly hairs; ¢ with the
apical segment of the body beneath compressed and
carinated ; 8rd submarginal cell generally petiolated.
Length, ¢ 5—7 mill., ¢ 10—12 mill.
Hab.—Hawley, Hants ; Undercliff, Isle of Wight.
4, plumbeus, Fabr. Mant. i. p. 278 = pulcher, Shuck.
$ black, covered, except on the antenne and at the
base of the abdominal segments, with a silvery grey
decumbent pubescence, which gives an ashy grey appear-
ance to the insect; prothorax emarginate posteriorly,
but very slightly angulated ; wings hyaline; front wings
with a dark apical band; abdomen beneath with only
the apex of each segment grey, 5th segment beneath
entire, not depressed, 6th formed much as in chalybeatus.
Length 5—7 mill.
? differs in having the abdomen wider, and covered
with finer grey hairs than the g, so that it has a grey
appearance only at the apex of each segment. Length
6—9 mill.
Hab.—Common in many places. Southend, Wey-
bridge, Hayling Island, Lowestoft, Southwold, Deal,
Dover, Isle of Wight, Exeter, &c.
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 235
5. viaticus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p. 570
= fuscus, Smith. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 65, 16.
Black; head and thorax, including the metathorax,
with scattered black hairs, thicker and denser in the
? than the g¢ ; abdomen with the first three seg-
ments red, apex of the 3rd in the ¢ and of all three
in the @ black, the 1st and 2nd in the g¢ dusky at
the apex.
$ with the head about as long as wide across the
eyes; antenne about as long as the thorax, the face
below them covered with silvery hairs; prothorax very
obtusely and angulately emarginate posteriorly ; surface
of thorax, under a strong power, seen to be finely and
longitudinally rugose, covered with a very short grey
pubescence, silvery on the metathorax, which has besides
some scattered long hairs; wings dusky, with a dark
apical band; abdomen elongate, 1} times as long as the
thorax, 7th segment beneath large and subtruncate at
the apex, 6th emarginate, with a small round fovea on
each side of the emargination ; legs spinose.
? differs from the ¢ in being much larger, with a
shorter, wider body, the basal seement with a narrow
straight dark band at the apex, the 2nd and 8rd seg-
ments each with a dark band, angularly produced in the
centre; 4th, 5th, and 6th segments with black bristly
hairs; wings rather darker than in the 3.
Length 11—15 mill.
Common in sandy places.
6. consobrinus, Dbm. Hym. Eur. vol. 1. p. 79.
Black, with the first two abdominal segments and the
base of the 3rd red.
Much smaller than the preceding; prothorax more
sharply and angulately emarginate posteriorly ; abdomen
without the black bands on the Ist and 2nd segments ;
apical segment in the ? with only a few scattered
hairs; the ¢ has the apical segment beneath more
pointed and carinated down the middle, the penultimate
emarginate and somewhat squarely notched at the apex,
depressed in the middle.
Very like the following in appearance, but at once dis-
tinguishable by the hairs of the metathorax.
Length 6—8 mill.
TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1880.—PART IV. (DEC.) Z
236 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
Hab.—Hayling Island ; on the sand-hills to the west
of the island. Norwich, J. B. Bridgman.
7. gibbus, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 350 = trivialis, Dhlb., &e.
$ black, 1st and 2nd abdominal segments, and
sometimes the base of the 8rd, red; head, thorax, and
legs covered with a very fine silvery pubescence, which
gives them a glossy appearance ; face below the antenne
covered with bright silvery hairs; clypeus very slightly
emarginate ; apex of mandibles red ; prothorax angularly
emarginate posteriorly ; wings with a broad, dusky, apical
band, 8rd submarginal cell narrowed at the top ; abdomen
elongate, 14 times as long as the thorax, apical segment
beneath narrowly rounded at the apex, very convex, 6th
notched at the apex, with an impression on each side of
the notch, 5th almost entire, not depressed in the
middle.
?, head and thorax with a silvery gloss; apical
margin of the clypeus slightly emarginate, slightly
raised and margined at the sides, largely and irregularly
punctured, with a series of several long sete above the
apical margin; head and prothorax with a few long
bristly hairs ; abdomen much shorter and wider than in
the 3g, apical segment above, and all the segments
beneath, with a few long hairs.
Length 7—11 mill.
Common on sandy commons, &e.
8. chalybeatus, Schiddte. Kroyer’s Nat. Tidskr. 1. p. 388,
$ dark var.,— sericatus, Shuck. ?
So like gibbus that it is only necessary to point out the
distinguishing characters.
3 differs in having the 5th and 6th segments of the
body beneath longitudinally depressed, the 4th emargi-
nate, the 5th deeply and squarely notched, and the
6th trilobate, the central lobe slightly emarginate at the
apex.
? differs in having the clypeus very smooth and
shining in front, its margin not raised at the sides, and
with only two stiff sete projecting from above the
clabrous margin ; the apical segment of the body is much
more densely covered with black hairs, and the 8rd sub-
marginal cell is more triangular.
Hab.—Chobham, Southwold, Worthing, &c.
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 237
9. Wesmaeli, Thoms. Op. Ent. p. 221. Hym. Scand.
lll. p. 149. Fig. Ent. Mo. Mag. xvii. p. 98.
Very like gibbus, but easily distinguished by the
slightly carinated ventral anal plate of the ¢, which
has near its apex a long pendant spine; the 2 is more
difficult to recognise, but has the apical segment beneath
somewhat compressed and carinated.
Hab.—Chobham Common; rare.
10. minutulus, Dahlbm. Dispos. 1842, p. 10. Fig.
Ent. Mo. Mag. xvii. p. 97 = cellularis, Thoms.
Black, the two basal segments of the abdomen and the
base of the third red; the apex of the 2nd segment in
the ¢ more or less fuscous; face below the antenne,
sides of the thorax, the metathorax, and the coxa,
covered with silvery pubescence; prothorax sharply
emarginate posteriorly; wings with a broad fuscous
apical band, 8rd submarginal cell triangular; 3 with
the posterior tibiz sinuate on the side towards the
body, and incrassated at the apex; ? with the anterior
tarsi simply spinose, not pectinated as in most of the
species.
Closely allied to spissus, but differmg in the shape of
the tibiz in the ¢, and the triangular 38rd submarginal
cell in the ¢.
Length 8—9 mill.
Hab.—Chobham Common.
11. spissus, Schiddte. Kroyer’s Tidsky. i. p. 386.
$ differs fromi gibbus 3 in having the 38rd_ sub-
marginal cell more quadrate and generally as large
or larger than the 2nd; the apex of the wings with a
well-defined dark band ; abdomen broader and somewhat
oval, apical segment beneath compressed and spinosely
hairy at the extremity, 6th segment deeply emarginate,
the sides of the emargination bismuate, 5th segment
slightly emarginate at the apex. Length 8 mill.
@ differs from gibbus, &e., in having the prothorax
destitute of hairs and the anterior tarsi without long
spines, as in its allies, but only with short ones like
the ? of niger; wings with a well-defined dark apical
band, the 3rd submarginal cell large as in the ¢.
Length 9—10 mill.
238 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
Hab. — Glanvilles Wootton, Dorset; Bristol, York-
shire, &c.
12. pectinipes, V.d. Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux. iv.
p- dol.
Like gibbus in colour and size. Head and thorax
covered with an extremely fine glossy pubescence, which
gives them a silvery appearance in some lights, and in
others appears more or less brown ; head narrower than
in gibbus, mn proportion to the thorax, and the antenne
shorter and stouter; prothorax arcuately emarginate
posteriorly, not angulated ; abdomen with the base of the
1st, 2nd, and 38rd segments covered with a sort of glaucous
bloom. The 3 differs in having the prothorax arcuate
posteriorly like the ?, and the apical segment of the
abdomen beneath with a central carma uniting at the
base with two lateral ones, 6th segment deeply notched,
5th entire.
Length 6—9 mill.
Not a common insect. Chobham, Deal, Southwold,
Hampstead, Southend, &c.
I have followed Wesmael and Thomson in my
selection of a g for this species. The ¢% assigned to
it by Smith is, I have no doubt, the gs of chalybeatus,
and in many respects seems to agree with the @ here
described, but Wesmael and Thomson have described
a gf agreeing with pectinipes ? in having the arcuate
posterior margin to the prothorax, and, although I have
never seena British specimen with this character, I have
no doubt they are right in thei selection ; chalybeatus
$ has the posterior margin of the prothorax very dis-
tinctly angulated.
The following species are unknown to me, so I quote
IF’. Smith’s descriptions :—
1. acuminatus, Sm. Cat. Brit. Hym. p. 119.
“g (length 4 lines). Black, head very delicately punc-
tured, with a few larger scattered punctures; the face
below the antenne covered with a thin silvery pile, the
labrum concealed, the antenne about the length of the
thorax, robust, and of uniform thickness, except the
apical joint, which is acuminate ; thorax very delicately
punctured, the metathorax much more strongly so, and
having, particularly at the sides, a silvery pubescence ;
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 239
the sides of the thorax and all the cox are covered with
a changeable silvery pile, and the wings are slightly
clouded at their margins; the second submar ginal cell is
large and oblong, the third becomes oradually about
one-third narrower towards the marginal; the legs
nigro-piceous, the anterior pair simple, ‘the intermediate
and posterior pairs slightly ciliated ; abdomen narrower
than the thorax, smooth and shining, and thinly covered
with a silvery pile, the exterior apex piceous.”’
Hab.—Kirkpatrick-Juxta, Moffat, Scotland.
2. approximatus, Sm. Hntom. iv. p. 226.
= melanarius, Bold. Ent. Mo. Mag. iv. p. 226.
‘Closely resembles P. niger, but is a larger insect, its
mandibles are entirely black except the extreme apex,
which is obscurely rufo-piceous; P. niger has three
teeth in the mandibles, one large and two small ones ;
the new species has a single tooth, which is only slightly
notched inwardly; the 8rd submarginal cell is quadri-
lateral and is considerably larger than the 2nd _sub-
marginal, and the nervures of the wings are much
stronger than in P. niger; the latter insect always has
the 3rd submarginal either triangular or petiolated ; in
the g that cell appears to be always petiolated. The
distinctions enumerated will serve to distinguish the new
species.”
PRIOCNEMIS.
Schiodte. Kroyer’s Tidskr. 1. p. 894.
Differs from Pompilus in having the vertex distinctly
punctured in both sexes, and the posterior tibie serrate
externally in the @. All our British species have the
abdomen red at the base, with the exception of the
$ of P. hyalinatus. The 3 in the various species is
easily distinguished by the form of the ventral anal
plate, but the ? is in some cases very difficult to deter-
mine with certainty.
(2) 1. Metathorax pilose .. Bc 30 ae -. fuscus.
(1) 2. Metathorax not pilose.
(4) 3. Wings clear, with a broad well-defined brown
apical margin... a6 .. affinis.
(3) 4. Wings without a well- denned apical band,
(14) 5. Wings without a clear well-defined brown spot
near the apex in the 9; abdomen red at the
base in both sexes.
240 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
(9) 6. Prothorax posteriorly very deeply and sharply
angulated; cubital nervyure of front wings in
S quite reaching, in 9 nearly, reaching, the
apical margin; ventral apical segment in 9
not carinated.
. & legs black, except margin of front tibiz, ventral
apical segment broader; ; 9 wings full and long ;
both sexes with the externo- medial nervure
distinctly bisinuate where it crosses the base
of the 1st submarginal and 2nd discoidal cells exaltatus.
. g legs more or less red, ventral apical segment
narrower; Q wings shorter; both sexes with
the externo- medial nervure almost describing
a continuous curve ons) 6 e- notatus.
(6) 9. Prothorax less deeply angulated ; aise nervure
in both sexes not nearly reaching the apical
margin of the wings; ventral apical segment
in 9 carinated.
(13) 10. g with the sides of the apical ventral segment
fimbriated, or with a central pilose carina; 9
with a clear round white hyaline spot near the
apex of the front wings.
(12) 11. g sides of anal segment beneath not fimbriated,
apex entire, centre with a pilose carina; 9
larger than next species, femora and tibie
more or less red, apex of clypeus shining .. obtusiventris.
(11) 12. g sides of anal segment beneath fimbriated with
long black hairs, apex deeply notched, centre
depressed; @ smaller than preceding, legs
entirely black, clypeus dull at the apex . pusillus.
(10) 13. g apical segment very narrow, with the ies
not fimbriated, and centre without a pilose
carina; Q without a clear round as ae
to the wings a8 » parvulus.
(5) 14. Upper wings in 9? rive a adistinet sHerply ie
fined brown spot covering the marginal, 2nd
and 3rd submarginals, and part of the 3rd dis-
coidal cell; g with the femora more or less
red, and the abdomen black .. o -- hyalinatus.
~
(8)
~~
~
aes
D
1. fuscus, Linn. Faun. Suec. Ed. Alt. p. 412—sepicola,
Smith. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. lIxv. 15.
Head and thorax black, with black bristly hairs ; meta-
thorax pilose; Ist, 2nd, and 8rd segments of abdomen
red, the rest black: ; legs black ; anterior tibiz in the $
testaceous in front.
$, vertex of head distinctly punctured; prothorax
angulately emarginate posteriorly ; wings dusky towards
the apex, with a transverse stain across the 2nd and
3rd submarginal cells; metathorax evenly rounded,
opaque, with very fine erect hairs; abdomen elongate-
ovate, somewhat shining, apical segment beneath deeply
emarginate, fringed at the sides. Length 12 mill.
FHeterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 241
differs in being larger and more robust, with a
much wider abdomen, the 4th, 5th, and 6th segments
with long bristly hairs above, and all the segments hairy
beneath ; coxze and femora hairy ; posterior tibie serrate.
Length 15—18 mill.
2. afimis, V.d. Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux. iv. p. 237.
Like fuscus in colour, but with the front legs entirely
black in ¢ ; & prothorax very sharply angulated pos-
teriorly ; metathorax not pilose; wings with a distinct
dark apical band, extending to the edge of the 8rd sub-
marginal cell; abdomen rather longer’ and less shining
than in fuscus, apical segment beneath widely rounded
at the extremity, not emarginate, and fringed, carinated
at the base; 6th segment ‘depressed, emarginate at the
apex. Length 9 mill.
@ differs in being stouter and larger, with the
posterior margin of the prothorax arcuately emar-
ginate; abdomen covered with a fine white silky pile,
apical segment with long black hairs. Length 10—15
mill.
Hab.—Rare. Chobham, Ripley, Weybridge, Southend,
Deal, Walmer, and Norfolk.
3. exaltatus, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 351.
3, head and thorax black, finely punctured ; prothorax
very deeply emarginate posteriorly ; metathorax and sides
of the mesothorax more or less silvery; upper wings
dusky towards the apex, sometimes with a clearer spot
beyond the 8rd submarginal cell; cubital nervure ex-
tending to the exterior margin of the wing; abdomen
with the 1st and 2nd segments and the base of the 8rd
red, the rest black; apical segment beneath largely
rounded at the apex, punctured, and pilose; 6th segment
smooth and shining at the apex, and slightly emarginate,
with an impression on each side bounded by a smooth
raised line; legs black, front tibie red on their anterior
margin ; cox and femora more or less silvery ; inner
calcaria of hind tibize very long, more than three-fourths
as long as the basal joint of the tarsi. Length 9 mill.
differs from the ¢ in being more robust and
having the wings dusky at the apex, with a clear round
hyaline spot beyond the apex of the 8rd submarginal
cell; cubital nervure almost reaching the margin of the
242 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
wing ; apical segment of the body pilose, not carinated
beneath ; front legs entirely black ; calcaria pale, much
shorter than in ¢. Length 12—15 mill.
Hab.—Littlehampton, Norwich, Lowestoft, Chobham,
Hastings, &c., generally common.
4. notatus, Rossi. Faun. Etruse. Mant. i. p. 127.
Extremely like the preceding, but generally smaller.
$ differs from that of evaltatus in haying the femora
and tibiz of all the legs more or less ferruginous, the
apical segment of the abdomen beneath narrower, and
the externo-medial nervure almost describing a con-
tinuous curve as it crosses the base of the 1st submar-
ginal and the 2nd discoidal cells. Length 6 mill.
@ differs from exaltatus in being smaller, with shorter
wings in proportion ; the legs often more or less red ;
and the neuration of the wings as in the ¢. Length
6—8 mill.
Rare. Highgate, Deal, Ripley, Chobham.
5. obtusiventris, Schiédte. Kroyer’s Nat. Tidskr. 1. p. 329
= agilis, Shuck., Smith, &c.
Very like the two preceding, but easily distinguishable
by the more obtuse emargination of the base of the pro-
thorax. The ¢ may be further distinguished by the
narrow apical ventral segment, which bears a slightly
raised, pilose, central carina, and by the shorter cal-
caria of the posterior tibie, which do not extend to
three-fourths the length of the basal joint of the tarsi.
Length 3 mill.
The ¢ also differs in having the apical segment of
the body beneath, with a smooth carina, and the pos-
terior femora at the apex and the tibie red. Length
4—5 lines.
Hab.—Erith, Darenth, Harrow, Littlehampton.
6. pusillus, Schiddte. Kroyer’s Nat. Tidskr. 1. p. 827.
Smaller than the preceding; ¢g readily recognised by
the emarginate apical ventral segment, which is wide
and rounded at the sides, and has its sides fimbriated ;
the 6th segment is shghtly emarginate at the apex, with
an impression on each side of the emargination.
? differs in the smaller size, and entirely black legs,
FHeterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 243
legs, and in having the apex of the clypeus dull, whereas
in obtusiventris it is shining. The obtuse emargination
of the prothorax separates. it from exaltatus or notatus,
and also the carimated apical ventral segment.
Hab.—Chobham, and probably in other localities, but
I expect overlooked.
7. parvulus, Dahlb. Hym. Eur. i. p. 460.
$ very like the 3 of the preceding, but rather smaller,
and with the apical ventral segment narrow and trun-
at the apex, the sides not fimbriated, and the centre
keeled at the base.
@ differs from all its allies by having no clear round
spot near the apex of the front wings, “but has a dusky
streak running through the 2nd and ‘8rd submarginal
cells, and a dusky spot in the 8rd discoidal cell. There
is also a slight cloud across the base of the 1st submar-
ginal cell; apex of the wings widely clouded.
Hab.—Chobham ; Charlwood, Surrey ; Scotland.
8. hyalinatus, Fab. Ent. Syst. u. p. 212 = fasciatellus,
Shuck.
$ black, head finely and closely punctured ;_pro-
thorax angularly emarginate behind; mesothorax
posteriorly slightly raised down the middle; metathorax
evenly rounded, covered with white silvery hairs; wings
more or less dusky, darker towards the apex ; abdomen
elongate, black, basal joint more or less covered with sil-
very pubescence ; legs with the posterior coxe silvery ;
femora sometimes entirely black, except the tips of the
front pair, sometimes nearly all red, tarsi dusky, first
joint of front pair red. Length 3—4 lines.
? black with a silvery gloss, two basal segments
of abdomen red, apex of the 2nd generally with a black
central spot, and the red colour sometimes extending at
the sides on to the 8rd segment; head and thorax with
erect hairs; prothorax arcuately emarginate posteriorly ;
metathorax subglobose, smooth, and shining, with scat-
tered erect hairs; wings dusky along the externo and
transverso-medial nervures, and with a broad _ spot
covering the marginal, 2nd and 8rdsubmarginals and part
of the 3rd discoidal cell, 3rd submarginal larger than
2nd; 5th segment of abdomen sparsely, and 6th densely
TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1880.—paRT IV. (DEC.) 2A
244 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
covered with hairs, posterior tibie externally serrate and
spined. Length 4—4} lines.
Hab.—Carberwell, Highgate, Hampstead, Fulham.
Acentia, Schiodte. (Pl. VII. fig. 16).
Kroy. Tidskrs 1. p. 821.
Closely allied to Priocnemis, but the females with
simple tibiz.
(4) 1. Front wings with a dark band near the apex.
(3) 2. Prothorax angulately emarginate posteriorly; meta-
thorax punctured . ot 56 dio .. bifasciatus.
(2) 3. Prothorax arcuately emarginate posteriorly; meta-
thorax transversely rugose. . bo be .. variegatus.
(1) 4. Front wings not banded oy: 30 5c -. punctum.
1. variegata, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. 1. p. 570.
Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 87, 21.
Black; head and thorax punctured; anterior wings
with a narrow band along the transverso-medial and
externo-medial nervures, and a wide band covering the
radial, 2nd and 8rd submarginals, and part of the 3rd
discoidal cell, brown ; the extreme apical margin of the
wing also of that colour; these bands are only faintly
indicated in the g; prothorax arcuately emarginate
posteriorly ; metathorax transversely rugose and punc-
tured; abdomen shining, finely and closely punctured ;
abdomen in the ¢ somewhat elongate, with the apical
segment beneath narrow and carinated, the crest densely
covered with long hairs; abdomen in the female shorter
and wider, the apex covered with bristly hairs; legs
black. Length 7—9 mill.
Rare. Coombe Wood, Wakefield, Yorkshire, &e.
2. bifasciata, Fab. Ent. Syst. 1. p. 212. Fig. Panz.
Faun. Germ. 86, 11.
Very like the preceding, but with the prothorax
angulately emarginate posteriorly, and the metathorax
shining and punctured, not transversely rugose ; ¢ with
the apical segment of the abdomen beneath with an
elevated crest, not covered with long hairs, as in
varvegata. Length 7—9 mill.
Rare. New Forest, Colney Hatch, Hampstead, Nor-
wich, Coombe Wood, N. Wales, &c.
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 245
3. punctum, Fab. Spec. Ins. p. 448. Fig. Panz. Faun.
Germ. 86, 12 = petiolatus, Shuck.
Black; 3% with the sides of the face, mandibles, and
a spot on the anal segment, white.
Head and thorax finely and closely punctured ; pro-
thorax arcuately emarginate; wings without transverse
dark bands; metathorax finely and transversely rugose ;
abdomen exceedingly finely and closely punctured, and
covered with a fine sericeous pubescence ; apex with a
few irregular hairs; legs with a few very short spines
on the tibie ; ¢ with the apical seement beneath, narrow
and somewhat carinated in the middle. Length 7—9
mill.
Hab. — London district, Canterbury, Birch Wood,
Bexley, Hammersmith, &c.
Crropauss, Latr. (Pl. VII. fig. 17).
Hist. Nat. xii. p. 283.
Differs from the rest of the Pompilide in having the
antenne at some distance above the clypeus, and in
having four submarginal cells in the upper wings; both
our species have white markings on the thorax and
abdomen.
(2) 1. Body not red at the base... Se aye .. maculatus.
(1) 2. Body red at the base .. ar as ab .- variegatus.
1. maculatus, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 345. Fig. Panz. Germ.
72, 9 (frontalis).
3 black; surface of head and thorax very finely ru-
gose, with large shallow scattered punctures ; abdomen
shining, finely punctured; face beneath the antenn
and along the sides of the eyes, a spot on the Ist and
2nd joints of the antenne, a semicircular line at the
base of the prothorax, the scutellum, the apex of the
metathorax on each side, a spot on each side of the 1st,
a band at the apex of the 2nd, and a spot on the 5th and
6th, as well as two on the 7th segment of the abdomen,
pale yellowish white ; legs testaceous-red ; femora more
or less black ; tibize dark at the apex ; cox each with a
pale spot; ventral anal segment with its sides widely
reflexed.
? only differs in being longer, with the face black
246 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
down the centre, almost to the margin of the clypeus ;
labrum black. Length 7—10 mill.
Hab.—Usually on Daucus carota, July and August.
Worthing ; N. Wales; Penzance; Birch Wood; Erith ;
Hawley, Hants; Isle of Wight; Yorkshire ; Lowestoft.
2. variegatus, Fab. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 241, 2,3. Fig.
Smith, Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. i. fig. 10.
Differs from the preceding in having the labrum white
in both sexes, the prothorax posteriorly with only two
transverse spots instead of a continuous band, the basal
seement and the base of the 2nd segment of the abdomen
red; the 2nd segment also with a pale spot on each side
at the apex, and the 6th segment with a large round spot
in the middle; anterior coxe pale in front; intermediate
and posterior cox with a pale spot on the side, near the
apex; legs red; apex of posterior femora and tibie dark.
Length 6—7 lines.
Hab.—Devonshire; Parley Copse, Hants; Weybridge ;
Chobham ; very rare; July and August.
Division II.
Prothorax often consisting of little more than a narrow
collar ; its posterior angles lobately produced, but in no
case extending to the tegule; female not apterous.
(13) 1. More than one submarginal cell.
(3) 2. Head and thorax covered with long hairs; ab-
domen with a long smooth round petiole .. Sphegide
(2) 3. Head and thorax rarely covered with long hairs;
abdomen without a long round petiole ; if with
a petiole, as in Pemphredon, then with the
petiole flattened.
(5) 4. Mandibles with a deep incision in their outer
margin at some distance from the base, or
with the marginal cell appendiculated ae anita.
(4) 5. Mandibles with their outer edge single; marginal
cell not appendiculated.
wo
(7) 6. Two submarginal cells .. Ot sie .. Pemphredonide-
(6) 7. Three or four submarginal cells.
(11) 8. Abdomen not strongly and deeply punctured,
except occasionally on the basal segment.
9, Abdomen black, or black and red, with a distinct
petiole .. aC se ous is .. Mimesida.
(9) 10. Abdomen red and black, not petiolated; or with
black and yelow markings; in the latter case
sometimes with a petiole ae se .. Nyssonide.
_
S
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 247
(8) 11. Abdomen striped with black and yellow bands
strongly and deen Poeates on all the
segments .. AC .. Cerceride.
(1) 18. One submarginal cell Ae a ues .. Crabronide.
SPHEGIDA.
Ammopuina, Kirby. (Pl. VII. fig. 18).
Trans. Linn. Soe. iv. p. 195j= Miscus, Jur. Hym.i. p.130.
The long round petiole of the abdomen, which is
sometimes composed of the Ist and part of the 2nd
segments, is a character by which this genus may be at
at once recognised. Miscus used to be considered a
distinct genus on account of the petiolation of the
8rd submarginal cell; but this is a very variable
character, as I have specimens of Miscus with the cell
simply triangular, and no petiole; this being the
case, I have ‘considered it as synonymous with Ammo-
phila.
(4) 1. 2nd segment of body, viewed sideways, scarcely
widened posteriorly.
3) 2. 38rd submarginal cell not Pears metathorax
( g
irregularly rugose .. ac .. sabulosa.
(2) 3. 38rd submarginal cell metalated rmetachouts diago-
nally rugose in regular lines Sid : -. campestris.
(1) 4. 2nd segment of body much widened posterior
(6) 5. Larger and more robust; petiole shorter, with long
hairs beneath ee ae Ap Sie .. hirsuta.
(5) 6. Smaller and more slender; petiole longer, naked
beneath os ais - ae ~ .. lutaria.
1. sabulosa, Linn. Syst. Nat.ed. x. 1.p. 569. Fig. Panz.
Faun. Germ. 65, 12.
Black ; 2nd, 3rd, and base of 4th abdominal segments,
red ; spotted with black above in the ¢.
Head and thorax covered with long grey hairs; face
in the g with short adpressed silvery hairs; thorax
rugosely and shallowly punctured ; mesothorax with an
impressed dorsal line; metathorax irregularly rugose ;
1st segment of the body very long and cylindrical, longer
than ale 9nd; 2nd, looked at from above, slightly
widening to the apex ; looked at sideways, nearly equally
wide throughout ; the remaining segments forming a
somewhat regular oval; apical segment in the female
with long bristly hairs at the sides ; legs black; anterior
248 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
and intermediate tibiew, and all the tarsi spined in the
9. Length 18—22 mill.
Common on sandy banks, &e.
2. campestris, Ltr. Gen. Crust. & Ins. iv. p. 54. Fig.
Curtis, Brit. Ent. xii. pl. 464.
Differs from the preceding in having the 38rd_sub-
marginal cell petiolated (7. e., almost always), and the
metathorax finely and regularly transversely rugose, the
rugosities in distinct diagonal lines meeting along the
centre ; the colour of the abdomen i in the male cenerally
darker than that of sabulosa, and more densely covered
with silvery hairs. Length 15—20 mill.
Hab.—Often with the preceding, but generally less
common; abundant however near Chobham, Wey-
bridge, &e.
3. hirsuta, Scop. Ent. Carn. p. 292, No. 772 = viatica,
Smith. Fig. Sow. Brit. Misc. i. pl. xxxiii. fig. 1.
¢, head and thorax black; largely and rugosely
punctured, densely covered with hairs, which are black
on the head and prothorax, and more or less grey on
the rest of the body; metathoracic area rugose, not
diagonally striate; petiole of the abdomen black, with
long hairs beneath, rather longer than the 2nd segment;
2nd, 8rd, and base of the 4th segment red, the rest
black ; abdomen covered with a very short grey sericeous
pubescence, giving it a more or less silvery appearance ;
2nd segment much widened posteriorly; legs black ;
cox and femora with long hairs.
? differs in being larger and more robust, and in
ne the head and thorax, &e., densely covered with
black hairs. The body also is larger and more shining,
being glabrous, without the sericeous pubescence of
the g¢. All the tibie spinose; posterior tibie with a
dense silky pubescence on their inner side. Length
15—20 mill.
Hab.—Common in sandy places.
Can only be confounded with the following ; it differs
from the preceding at once by the shape of the 2nd
abdominal segment, which in this species is much
widened behind, and by the great hairiness of the head
and thorax,
Heteroqyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 249
4. lutarta, Fab. Mant. 1.. p. 273, =<affinis, Kirb.,
Shuck., &e.
Differs from the above in having the metathoracic area
diagonally and rugosely striate, instead of clathrately
rugose; the petiole without the long line of hairs
beneath, and the head and thorax less closely punctured ;
it is also not quite so densely covered with hairs, and has
the 2nd abdominal segment black at the base. Length
15—20 mill.
Hab.—Littlehampton, Chobham, Lowestoft, Southend,
Deal; August, &c.
LARRIDA.
(() 1. Mandibles with a deep incision in their outer
margin.
(8) 2. Three submarginal cells 56 as 5¢ .. Lachytes.
(2) 3. Two submarginal cells.
(5) 4. The outer one petiolated ae cfs 00 .. Miscophus.
(4) 5. The outer one not petiolated.. 50 ic .. Dinetus.
(1) 6. Mandibles simple ae a Eye Sc .. Astata.
Tacuytrs, Panz. (Pl. VII. fig. 19).
Krit. Revis. u. p. 129.
A well-marked genus, and easily recognised. One of
our British species, 7’. pectinipes, somewhat resembles a
small Astata, but the externally dentate mandibles at
once distinguish it; anterior wings with three sub-
marginal cells, the 2nd cell receiving both recurrent
nervures, the third very long and narrow, and much
produced at its lower apical angle; radial cell appen-
diculated.
(2) 1. Body with the base red a6 3¢ ve .. pectinipes.
(1) 2. Body entirely black .. 46 e bs .. unicolor.
1. pectinipes, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol.1. p.570. Fig.
Panz. Faun. Germ. 89, 18, and 106, 18, ?.
Black, 1st and 2nd, and sometimes part of the 8rd,
abdominal segments red. Head and thorax very closely
and deeply punctured, face below the antenne and along
the sides of the eyes with silvery golden hairs ; abdomen
finely punctured and covered with exceedingly short grey
hairs, which give it a silvery appearance at the sides ;
apical segment in the g narrowly truncate, and somewhat
250 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
emarginate; in the @ acuminate and shining, with a
raised line down each side, the surface with large and
scattered punctures; tarsi more or less red, front tarsi
in ? with very long spines; under side of thorax and legs
with silvery hairs.
Length 8—10 mill.
Hab.—Sandy places ; common.
2. unicolor, Panz. Faun. Germ. 106—16.
Very like the preceding, but entirely black, except the
reddish ends of the tarsi; both sexes, however, differ in
the coarser puncturation of the abdomen; the 3 has the
7th segment simply rounded at the apex, and in the ? the
appendix to the radial cell is scarcely visible.
Length 8—9 mill.
Hab.—Chobham, Isle of Wight, Hayling Island,
Sandhurst, Weybridge, Deal. Rare.
Miscoruus, Jurine. (Pl. VII. fig. 20).
Nouv. Meth. Hym. p. 206.
Like a small Tachytes, but differing in having only
two submarginal cells, the 2nd submarginal cell petiolated,
and only receiving the 2nd recurrent nervure.
(2) 1. Head and thorax black; 9 with abdomen more or
less red at the base ore ae .. bicolor.
(1) 2. Head and thorax bronzy black; : with abdomen
entirely black alc oye . ae .. maritimus.
1. bicolor, Jur. Hym. p. 206. Fig. Smith, Brit. Foss.
Hym. pl. iii: fig. 4
3 black, sometimes with the basal segment of the
abdomen more or less red. Head and thorax closely and
evenly punctured, the former with silvery hairs on the
face ; metathorax longitudinally rugose, with a raised
line down the middle; body punctured; metathorax,
sides of thorax, and abdomen near the apex of each
segment, with silvery hairs; legs silvery on their under
sides ; wings clouded at the apex.
? rather larger than the 3, with the two basal seg-
ments of the abdomen red; the extreme apex of the
2nd black.
Length 6—7 mill.
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 251
Hab.—Chobham, Weybridge, Coombe Wood, Sand-
hurst, &c.; generally rare, but I have met with it pretty
commonly on Chobham Common in July. It is exceed-
ingly active and difficult to catch.
2. maritimus, Sm. Brit. Foss. Hym. p. 91.
Differs from the above in the brassy tinge of the head
and thorax, the comparatively longer metathorax, and
the entirely black abdomen of the ¢.
Hab.—Sand-hills, Deal, F. Smith. I have never seen
this species.
Drnetus, Jur. (Pl. VII. fig. 21).
Nouv. Meth. Hym. p. 208.
The neuration of the wings, alone, separates this genus
off from its allies; the radial cell is short and truncate
at its apex, and widely appendiculated; there are only
two submarginal cells, neither of which are petiolated,
and each of which receives a recurrent nervure.
1. pictus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. i. 299. Fig. Smith Brit.
Foss. Hym. pl. iii. fig. 3.
Head black, very closely punctured, with a streak
behind each eye and the mandibles in both sexes flavous ;
the 3 has, besides, the face and the antenne of the same
colour, the latter organs in this sex curved in a spiral
sort of twist, rather above their middle. Thorax black
and punctured like the head; collar, tubercles, tegule,
scutellum, and post-scutellum flavous ; metathorax with
a wide line of silvery pubescence on each side ; abdomen
in the $ with the first three segments flavous, their apical
margins brown, the 4th and 5th brown, with a paler
transverse spot at the apex, 6th and 7th testaceous ; ?
with the first three segments testaceous-red, the last three
black, the 2nd, 8rd, and 4th each with a small yellow
spot on each side at the apical margin, 5th with a pale
apical band, and 6th with a large triangular apical spot,
extreme apex testaceous-brown ; legs flavous, except the
posterior femora, in the ¢; ? with the femora black,
except a white spot at the apex of the Ist and 2nd pairs
beneath ; tibie and tarsi pale, the former black in-
wardly.
Length 8 mill.
Hab.—Windsor, Ascot. Very rare.
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—PaRTIV. (DEC.) 2B
252 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
Astata, Latr. (Pl. VII, fig. 22).
Precis. Caract. Gen. Ins.
Eyes in the ¢ touching each other on the vertex ;
mandibles in both sexes simple externally ; front wings
with three submarginal cells, the nerve which separates
the 1st and 2nd angulated and slightly spurred at the
angle, radial cell appendiculated ; metathorax elongate,
finely clathrate or reticulated. Both our British species
are found in sandy places, and seem to enjoy the hottest
sunshine they can find, basking on the sand. match are
very wary and difficult to approach.
(2) 1. Larger, § with the forehead unspotted; 9 with the
thorax strongly punctured; metathorax in both
sexes regularly clathrate .. 50 Be .. boops.
(1) 2. Smaller, J with a yellow transverse spot on the fore-
head; Q with the thorax scarcely punctured;
metathorax in both sexes very finely reticulated stigma.
1. boops, Schr. Ins. Austr. 384. Fig. Smith Foss. Hym.
ole aa, hie.
Black, shining, three basal segments of the abdomen
more or less red.
3 face covered with silvery hairs ; eyes touching each
other on the vertex ; head behind the eyes, prothorax, meso-
thorax in front, and metathorax at its base and round the
sides, basal segment of the abdomen above and all the
seoments beneath, with long hairs; thorax some-
what finely punctured; scutellum smooth and shining,
with a central line, and a few large punctures ; meta-
thorax finely and regularly clathrate; body extremely
finely reticulated, with a few scattered punctures ; legs
black; posterior tibize inwardly covered with velvety
pubescence.
? differs in having the eyes remote on the vertex, the
ae and head more shining, with larger scattered
punctures.
The wings in both sexes more or less brown near the
apex.
Length 10—12 mill.
Hab.—Hampstead, Coombe Wood, Hawley Hants,
Isle of Wight, Reigate, Chobham, Hayling Island, near
Lowestoft, and Southwold; in sandy places.
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 253
2. stigma, Panz. Faun. Germ. 107, 13.
Smaller than boops. The ¢ has a double, transverse
cream-coloured spot just above the insertion of the
antenne ; the thorax is dull and shallowly punctured ;
the metathorax is so finely reticulated that it only
presents a dull appearance, except under a strong power,
and differs in this very notably from ane where the
reticulation is large and very distinct.
The @ differs in “having the thorax smooth, w with only a
very few large scattered “punctur es.
Length 7—8 mill.
Hab.—Weybridge, Deal, Chobham, Littlehampton, N.
Wales.
Very rare, and the ¢ very difficult to catch; it sits
down in the bright sun on the most exposed sandy places,
and is senerally off before a net can be got over it. I
have only taken two males, both at Chobham in J une,
but neither males nor females appear to come out except
on the hottest days.
PEMPHREDONIDAL.
(4) 1. One recurrent nervure.
(3) 2. Anastomising with Ist transverse cubital nervure Spilomena.
(2) 3. Joining the cubital nervure about the middle of
the 1st submarginal cell .. st Ao .. Stigmus.
(1) 4. Two recurrent neryures.
(8) 5. Head and thorax without long pilose hairs.
(7) 6. Labrum triangular, notched at the apex .. Diodontus.
(6) 7. Labrum produced into a simple point at the apex Passalecus.
(5) 8. Head and thorax covered more or less sparsely
with long pilose hairs.
(10) 9. Face simple between the antenne Sc .. Pemphredon.
(9) 10. Face between the antennx with a blunt tubercle
or spine... 56 20 30 fe .. Ceratophorus.
Sprtomena, Shuck. (Pl. VII. fig. 28).
Trans. Ent. Soc. il. p. 79 = Ceka, Shuck. Brit. Foss.
Hym. p. 182.
This and the following genus are remarkable for the
very large stigma of the anterior wings, and are amongst
the smallest of our Aculeates. Spilomena has two sub-
marginal cells, the 2nd somewhat diamond-shaped, the
recurrent nervure joining the 1st transverse cubital ner-
vure. Abdomen nearly sessile,
254 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
1. troglodytes, V. de Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux.
Ve0ps 16.
3 black; legs, antenne, clypeus, mandibles, a spot on
each side of the face, and the tegule, yellow; head and
thorax dull, finely and closely punctured; metathorax
transversely rugose, sharply truncate posteriorly, its
sides and apical margin slightly raised, its disk with two
longitudinal raised lines; wings with the stigma very
large and semicircular ; abdomen bright and shining.
@ differs in having the clypeus black, the face un-
spotted, and the antenne and mandibles piceous; the
legs and tegule also piceous; the femora nearly black.
Length 24—3 mill.
Hab.—London district ; Charlton, Kent, burrowing in
hard white sand, F. Smith ; Charlwood, Surrey, &c.
Stiemus, Jurine. (Pl. VII. fig. 24).
Nouv. Meth. Hym. p. 139, pl. iu.
Like the preceding genus in most of its characters,
but differs in having the abdomen petiolated, and the
recurrent nervure received in the middle of the 2nd
submarginal cell.
1. pendulus, Panz. Faun. Germ. 86, 7.
$ and @ black; antenne, mandibles, tegule, anterior
and intermediate tibiz and base and apex of posterior
tibie, all the tarsi, and the extreme apex of the femora,
pale testaceous. Head rather wider than the thorax,
vertex nearly square in the ? ; clypeus and face below the
antenne, covered with silvery hairs in the ¢, the apical
margin of the former in the # simple, in the ? deeply
notched ; prothorax longitudinally sulcate, with its angles
prominent ; mesothorax in front with two raised smooth
longitudinal lines, its surface exceedingly finely and
longitudinally striate (this can only be seen under a
very strong lens), its lateral margins reflexed, the
division between the mesothorax and scutellum crenate,
as also the lateral reflexion; metathorax largely and
clathrately rugose, with a raised central longitudinal line
and two others on each side of it, the inner ones of which
are divided into two at the base; wings with the stigma
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 255
very large and more elongate than in Spilomena; abdo-
men shining, its petiole rugose and longitudinally sul-
cate.
Length 5—6 mill.
Hab.—London district, Tunbridge Wells, Chobham
(bred from pierced stems of brambles), &e.
Diopontus, Curt. (Pl. VII. fig. 25).
Brit. Ent. ii. 496.
Labrum produced and emarginate at the apex ; anterior
wings with two submarginal cells, each receiving a
recurrent nervure, the 2nd cell longer than wide ; abdo-
men with a short, wide petiole; posterior tibia more or
less spinose.
(2) 1. Mandibles yellow 5.0 ete Sc 56 -. minutus.
(1) 2. Mandibles black.
(4) 3. Thorax finely and closely punctured; division be-
tween the scutellum and thorax consute .. tristis.
(3) 4. Thorax with scattered punctures ; division between
the scutellum and thorax simple ot .. luperus.
1. minutus, Fab. Ent. Syst. i. p. 302.
Sand ? black; mandibles, tegule, tubercles, extreme
apex of the femora, the base of the tibiz, and the whole of
the anterior tibiz and tarsi, except a narrow streak at the
back of the former, pale yellowish or testaceous; the ¢ has
the under side of the antenne and the intermediate and
posterior tarsi also pale. All the markings in the $ are
brighter and paler than inthe ¢. Head finely and deeply
punctured, surface very finely rugose ; mandibles with long
hairs on their outer margin; clypeus bidentate; $ with
the face below the antenne covered with shining
silvery hairs; thorax not so wide as the head, shallowly
and irregularly punctured, surface like that of the head ;
division between the mesothorax and scutellum simple ;
metathorax largely rugose, somewhat clathrate at the
base, more or less hairy at the sides; abdomen finely
punctured, and covered with very short grey hairs ; apical
segment in the 2 much more largely and strongly punc-
tured than the rest, its sides carmated ; 6th segment in
the $ with a series of bristly hairs on its apical margin ;
256 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
tibie irregularly denticulate in the ? , inthe g with spmose
hairs.
Length 4—6 mill.
Common, generally in sandy banks, &e.
2. luperus, Shuck. Foss. Hym. p. 186.
Differs from the above in the ¢ by having the mandibles
black, with only the apex reddish, the antenne entirely
black, and the head and thorax more strongly punctured.
? differs from minutus in the black mandibles and the
dark tegule and tubercles, the rather more shining
thorax, the much more sparsely punctured 2nd segment
of the abdomen, the more acute apical segment, and the
almost black legs.
Length 5—7 mill.
Hab.—Widely distributed ; Southwold, near Reigate,
Hayling Island, &e.
3. tristis, V.d. Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux. v. p. 78.
Larger than either of the preceding, and differing in
having the division between the mesothorax and the
scutellum consute. The head and thorax in the ¢ are
closely and rugosely punctured ; the tegule in front and
the tubercles pale ; metathorax very rugose, pilose at the
sides; abdomen finely punctured, and with a scattered
short grey pubescence ; anterior tibiz in front, the tarsi
and the base of all the tibie, pale yellow.
? almost as large as Cemonus unicolor, entirely black,
except the calcaria, and sometimes a piceous spot
at the base of the tibiw, and the basal joints of the tarsi,
which are generally more or less piceous; head rather
strongly punctured ; thorax with scattered punctures and
very wregular longitudinal striz ; the division between
the mesothorax and scutellum very strongly consute ;
abdomen very finely punctured, and with short grey
hairs, apical segment strongly and largely punctured, and
occasionally somewhat piceous.
Leneth 6—8 mill.
Hab.—Common generally.
PassaLa@cus, Shuck. (Pl. VIII. fig. 26).
Foss. Hymen. p. 188.
This genus resembles Diodontus in general appearance,
but has the abdomen more elongate and cylindrical, the
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 257
labrum produced into a simple point, and the posterior
tibiz simple.
(4) 1. Mesopleure with two horizontal crenate lines at
right angles to the perpendicular one.
(3) 2. Face with a spine between the antenne .. -. cornigera.
(2) 3. Face without aspine .. : .. insignis.
(1) 4. Mesopleure with only one horizontal yey line
at right angles to the perpendicular one.
(6) 5. Labrum black .. ys 50 aD ae .» gracilis.
(5) 6. Labrum white.. re =e bic Ne .. monilicornis.
1. cormgera, Shuck.? nec g. Foss. Hym. p. 191 =in-
signs, Shuck. 3 nec 2.
Black; ¢ with the tubercles and tegule pale; the
mandibles, palpi, and basal joint of the antenne in front
flavous ; the tibie, tarsi, and extreme apex of the femora
testaceous, the posterior tibiz with a dark cloud across
the middle. @ resembling the ¢, but having the
mandibles, &c., pitchy brown instead of flavous. Head
and thorax finely punctured, more or less shining, the
former nearly square on the vertex, face below the
antenne silvery, between the antenne armed with a
sharp spine in both sexes, first joint of antenne large and
conical ; thorax very closely punctured, in front with two
impressed longitudinal lines, extending not quite to the
centre of the mesothor ax, and with two smooth, shghtly
raised lines between them : ; the sides of the mesothorax
are margined by a consute impression, and they have a
longitudinal impressed straight line on their disk ; there
is also a consute impression between the mesothorax and
scutellum ; sides of the mesothorax below the wings with
two longitudinal consute impressions, united in front by
a transverse one; metathorax elongate and clathrately
rugose; abdomen finely and rather closely punctured,
the posterior margins of the segments narrowly red ;
apical segment in the ¢ with an upturned curved pro-
cess.
Length 6—7 mill.
Hab.—London district, &c. ; not rare.
I have followed Thomson and other continental authors
in considering the g and ? with frontal spines as sexes of
the same species. On what grounds our English hyme-
nopterists, Shuckard and Smith, separated them, I
258 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
do not know, but the puncturation and other characters
of the sexes with the spines are so similar that I feel
no doubt that the continental authors are right in their
views.
2. insignis, V. d. Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux. vy.
p-. 81 =cornigera, 3, Shuck. ; insignis, 2 , Shuck.
Differs from the preceding in being less elongate, and
in having the face without a frontal spine in either sex.
The thorax is much more rugosely punctured, and the
parallel impressed lines in front strongly reticulated,
especially in the ¢; the posterior margin of the meso-
thorax is also slightly wrinkled or crenate within the
reflexed edge in the ?, strongly so in the ¢; the colour
is almost identical in the two species, except that the
mandibles in the ¢ of this are often entirely black.
Length 6—7 mill.
Hab.—Widely distributed, and not rare; London dis-
trict, Hastings, Hayling Island.
8. gracilis, Curt. Brit. Ent. xi. pl. 496.
Like the two preceding in general appearance, but
distinguishable at once by the sides of the thorax below
the wings, having only one transverse consute line instead
of two; the puncturation of the thorax is more like that
of cornigera, and the surface of the thorax somewhat
shining, the tubercles black.
Length 6—7 mill.
Hab.—Generally distributed and common.
4. monilicornis, Dom. Hym. Kur. 1, p. 248, 148.
Larger than gracilis, and with a wider mesothorax,
distinguishable also by the pale tubercles and the white
labrum, and the much wider 2nd submarginal cell of the
wings, also in having the 2nd segment of the abdomen
not constricted at the base; from the other species it
differs in the single transverse consute line on the sides
of the thorax below the wings.
Length 8 mill.
Hab.— Chobham; Wallholme, E. Cumberland, Bold ;
Dorsetshire, Dale; Gloucestershire, V. Perkins.
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 259
Pempurepon, Latr. (Pl. VIII. fig. 27).
Hist. Nat. vol. xiii. p. 325.
= Cemonus, Jur.
This genus contains three of our commonest British
species; they are much larger than any of the pre-
ceding, and may be easily recognised by the hairy head
and thorax ; the vertex of the head in the @ is very large
and square, in the 3 the sides of the head behind the
eyes converge considerably ; the abdomen has a long
petiole, and the posterior tibiz are more or less irregularly
spinose.
(4) 1. Ist submarginal cell receiving both recurrent ner-
vures.
(5) 2. Smooth space on the metathorax narrowly lunulate,
its posterior margin well defined .. ais .» wnicolor
(2) 3. Smooth space on the metathorax widely lunulate,
its posterior margin not defined .. a .. lethifer.
(1) 4. Ist and 2nd submarginal cells each receiving a
recurrent nervure .. aD 56 sc -. lugubris.
1. lugubris, Fab. Ent. Syst. u. p. 802 = luctuosus,
Shuck. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 52, 24 (unicolor).
Entirely black ; head rugosely punctured, and covered
with long hairs; vertex with its sides converging towards
the base in the 3, quadrate in the 2; mesothorax and
scutellum rugosely punctured and hairy; metathorax
rugose and covered with long hairs, with a semicircularly
raised brow, which is not so coarsely rugose as the rest
of the surface; petiole of the abdomen looked at from
the side curved, above rugose, with long hairs above and
beneath, rest of the abdomen shining, with long hairs at
the base and apex, and on the under side; femora
densely covered with hairs; tibiz in the 2 with irre-
gular and occasional spines externally, densely covered
on the side towards the body with short adpressed
hairs.
Length 9—12 mill.
Hab.—Very common and generally distributed.
Var. luctuosa, Shuck., is a var. of the g with the
raised portion of the metathorax more or less shining
and smooth.
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—pPaRt IV. (DEC.) 26
260 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
2. wunicolor, Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv. p. 84.
Fig. Smith Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. iv. fig. 3.
Usually smaller than lugubris, and differing from it
in the characters of the wing-cells, as shown in the
analytical table above ; it has also the head and thorax
largely but less rugosely punctured; the metathorax
with a broad shining, sheghtly raised, semicircular
smooth space below the base, which is well defined on
both its edges ; the abdomen also 1s distinctly punctured
in both sexes.
Length 6—10 mill.
Hab.—Very common everywhere.
3. lethifer, Shuck. Foss. Hym. p. 201.
Differs from the above, only as far as I can see, by the
wider smooth space on the metathorax, which is well
defined on its upper margin, but not on its lower; the
smooth space in wricolor rises up distinctly from the
surrounding rugosities, whereas in lethifer the rugosities
seem to diminish as they approach the lower margin of
the space till the surface becomes merely punctured.
Hab.—Equally common as the last; may be bred
freely from bramble stems.
CrratopHorvs, Shuck. (Pl. VIII. fig. 28).
Foss. Hym. p. 195.
This genus is considered as a section of Pemphredon
by Thomson, but it appears to me to be sufficiently well
characterised to maintain ; the clypeus is deeply and
squarely notched, and the face between the antenne has
a short blunt process like a broken-off spine, its apex
slightly emarginate; the face below the antenne in
the g¢ is not silvery, as in nearly all the genera of this
family; the petiole of the abdomen in both sexes is
shorter than in Pemphredon, and the posterior tibiz with-
out spines.
1. morio, V. d. Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux. v. p. 84.
Var. = anthracinus, Sm.
Entirely black; head rugosely punctured, covered with
erect paler hairs ; face, on each side, between the antennez
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 261
and eyes, somewhat angularly raised, excavated between
the projections, and in the middle of the excavation,
just above the insertion of the antenne, is a short
blunt spine, having its apical margin emarginate ; thorax
covered with pale hairs; mesothorax and scutellum
shining, largely and remotely punctured; metathorax
rugose, brow shining and elevated, as in Pemphredon
unicolor ; abdomen shining, finely and remotely punctured,
with the petiole short and rugose, not nearly so long as
the rest of the segment, more or less hairy on the 8rd and
following segments, apical segment in the ? very largely
punctured, its margins slightly raised ; beneath in the $
with a thick fringe of hairs across the middle of the
3rd, 4th, and 5th segments ; tibie simple, without lateral
spines ; femora hairy beneath.
Length 6—7 mill.
Hab.—London district ; rare.
MIMESIDAi.
(2) 1. 2nd submarginal cell receiving both recurrent ner-
vures : “s . Mimesa.
(1) 2. 2nd and 3rd Abclarci) me aes receiving a
recurrent nervure .. a Be ae So Jee
Mimesa, Shuck. (Pl. VIII. fig. 29).
Foss. Hymen. p. 228.
A genus which resembles Pemphredon, of the last
family, very much in form, but differing in having three
submarginal cells; from Psen the arrangement of the
recurrent nervures distinguishes it, as shown in the table
above. The form of the petiole is the chief specific
characteristic among the members of this genus.
(6) 1. Body red at the base.
2. Petiole of the body flat, widening posteriorly; 8rd
segment of body in 9 entirely black oF .» Shuckardi.
(2) 3. Petiole of the body narrow and not widened pos-
teriorly ; 3rd segment in 9 more or less red.
(5) 4. Mesopleur not punctured .. Be Be .. bicolor.
(4) 5. Mesopleure strongly punctured... ot -» equestris.
(1) G. Body entirely black.
(8) 7. Petiole carinated, not widening at the apex; carina
not grooved . re Se -. unicolor.
(7) 8. Petiole widened it the apex, carina guceatd +» Dahlbomi,
262 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
1. Shuckardi, Wesm. Hym. Foss. Belg. 115, 5 = eques-
tris, Shuck. (nec Fab. ?), Foss. Hym. p. 229.
Smith, &e.
Black, with the two basal segments of the abdomen
red, except the actual petiole, and usually a black spot on
the disk of the 1st segment; antenne beneath and
apical joints of the tarsi fulvous. Head very finely and
closely punctured, face in front of the antennz covered
with bright silvery hairs ; thorax covered with very short
pale hairs, punctured, but not so closely as the head ;
mesothorax with an impressed line on each side in front ;
metathorax longitudinally rugose at the base, deeply
channelled behind, and irregularly and somewhat clath-
rately rugose at the sides, the sides also covered with
silvery hairs; abdomen finely punctured, petiole wide,
flat, and hairy above, widening towards the apex, apical
segment in the g with an upcurved process, in the @
hairy and deeply punctured and carinated at the sides ;
sides of the segments with a short adpressed silvery
pubescence, especially towards their apex; tibiz with
short spines.
Length 9—12 mill.
Hal.—Hampstead, Yorkshire, Isle of Wight, and
Sandhurst ; also at Lowestoft.
2. bicolor, Jur. Hym. pl. xii.
Very like the above, but distinguishable at once by the
narrow carinated petiole, the almost impunctate body,
the red 8rd segment (at least at the base), and the red
colour of the tibiz and tarsi, which are only clouded with
black in the middle.
Length 7—9 mill.
Hab.—Hampstead Heath, Blackheath, &e.
3. equestris, Fab. (nec Shuck.) Syst. Piez. p. 182.
Extremely like bicolor, but has the mesothorax more
strongly punctured, the sides of the mesothorax below the
wings deeply and distinctly punctured, whereas in bicolor
their puncturation is hardly visible, and the petiole of
the body shorter and less distinctly carinated.
Hab.—Southwold, Chobham, &e.
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 2638
4, unicolor, V. d. Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux. v.
p. LOT.
Entirely black, except the pale calcaria and apices of
the tarsi; and, besides the colour, differing from any of
the preceding in having no tubercle between the antenne,
and no transverse carina on the clypeus, but a narrow
‘raised line runs from the central ocellus to between the
antenne; petiole of the body with a smooth, raised
central carina; the ¢ differs further in having the 7th
segment of the body clearly visible from above.
Length 7—8 mill.
Hab.—Generally distributed. ‘‘ Entering the straws
of a thatched outhouse, Charlton, Kent,” Smith.
5. Dahlbomi, Wesm. Hym. Foss. Belg. p. 108.
Like wnicolor in colour, but easily distinguished by the
sculpture of the petiole; in this species the petiole
is flat, gradually widening to the apex, and bears two
raised lines which unite at the apex, making a sort
of lanceolate inclosure ; the apical segment of the body
in the 2 is also very different, in wnicolor it is widely
flattened above, dull, and largely and closely punctured ;
in this species it is shining, narrowly flattened, with
a carina on each side, and a slightly raised line in
the middle, punctured between the elevations; the 3
differs also in haying a raised line on the under side of
the 9th and 10th joints of the antenne.
Length 7—9 mill.
Hab.—Chobham, &ce.
Psen, Latr. (Pl. VIII. fig. 30).
Prec. Caract. Gen. Ins. p. 122.
Very like Mimesa, and differimg from it in having each
submareinal cell receiving a recurrent nervure.
(2) 1. Larger, petiole nearly twice as long as the rest of
the Ist segment .. se 36 . ater.
(1) 2. Smaller, petiole scarcely longer than the rest of the
Ist segment .. che 3¢ 5 50 .. pallipes.
1. ater, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 244,18. Fig. Jurine,
Nouv. Meth. Hym. pl. viii. 6 (serraticornis).
Black, shining ; ¢ with the antenne, mandibles, palpi,
264 Mr. EK. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
anterior and intermediate legs beneath, except the
femora and also the posterior tarsi, more or less
fulvous. Head punctured, finely pilose, face densely
covered with golden hairs, and with a short spine
between the antenne ; antenne in the g¢ with the scape
very much dilated, flagellum compressed and dilated, the
8th to 10th jomts excavated beneath and serrated ;
thorax finely pilose; mesothorax and scutellum pune-
tured; wings slightly dusky; metathorax clathrately
rugose, with a well-defined triangular basal area, which
is longitudinally rugose ; abdomen with the petiole long,
(looked at sideways) curved, smooth, and somewhat
flattened above, with a few long pilose hairs beneath, the
rest of the abdomen finely punctured; apical seement in
the 2? very largely punctured and carinated at the sides ;
posterior tibiz serrate; g with the two basal joints of the
intermediate tarsi produced at the sides.
Length 10 mill.
Hab.—Hawley, Hants; Lowestoft. Very rare.
2. pallipes, Panz. Faun. Germ. lii. 22 = atratus, Panz.,
Shuck., &e.
Much smaller than ater, black, with the antenns
beneath, anterior tarsi, and the anterior tibie in front
testaceous in both sexes ; the has also the intermediate
tarsi pale; head closely and rugosely punctured, face
below the antenne covered with silvery hairs; between
the antennex is a well-marked carina, wide posteriorly,
and sharpened anteriorly where it joins the carinated
margin of the large antennal cavities; antennez in ?
short and somewhat thickened towards the apex ; thorax
largely punctured, more or less covered with rather
short white hairs ; wings hyaline ; metathorax clathrately
rugose, deeply and widely sulcate down the middle;
abdomen shining, covered with short grey-white hairs,
especially towards the apex ; apical seement in the @ not
more strongly punctured than the others; legs covered
with short, fine, adpressed hairs.
Length 6—7 mill.
Very common generally. I have bred it from pierced
bramble stems,
Feterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 265
NYSSONIDAL.
(6) 1. Front wings with only three submarginal cells.
(3) 2. Front wings with the 2nd submarginal cell not
petiolated .. ve Sc ae ne .. Harpactus.
(2) 3. Front wings with the 2nd submarginal cell
petiolated.
(5) 4. Ist and 2nd submarginal cells each receiving a
recurrent nervure .. ae c Sc .- Didineis.
(4) 5, 2nd submarginal cell receiving both recurrent
nervures.. : . Aa .. Nysson.
(1) 6. Front wings with ae subinaneanal eile or at
least with the 4th almost complete.
(10) 7. 2nd submarginal cell receiving both receurrent
nervures.
(9). 8. 4th submarginal cell incomplete; median nerve
of hind wing becoming furcate peg the pos-
terior transyerse herve .. oe -. Gorytes.
(s) 9. 4th submarginal cell complete ; median nerve of
hind wing becoming furcate before the origin of
the posterior tramsverse nerve .. Gc .. Hoplisus.
(7) 10. 1st and 38rd submarginal cells each receiving a
recurrent neryure bic 6 ee .. Mellinus.
Harpactus, Jur. (Pl. VIII. fig. 31).
Nouv. Meth. Hym. p. 124, pl. x. 20 =Arpactus, Shuck., &c.
Thave had great doubts as to the natural position of
this genus and of the following, as they are so unlike the
rest of the forms with which any structural classification
seems to throw them, in colour and general appearance ;
however, I do not see any better position for them than
in the Nyssonide, where I’. Smith has placed them, and
I have accordingly followed his views. Harpactus may
be known at once from any of the other genera in the
family by having only three submarginal cells, and
the 2nd not petiolated ; the abdomen shining, and red
at the base.
1. tumidus, Panz. Faun. Germ. 81, 15.
Head and thorax black ; scape of the antenne, clypeus,
and a spot on each side of the face, white; scutellum
generally with a white central spot; antenne in the g
more or less piceous; abdomen with the two basal
segments red, a small white spot at the side of the apical
margin of the 2nd segment, and a white spot on the 5th
at the base in the ? , or a white transverse line at its apex
in the 3; the 6th inthe ¢ sometimes with a pale central
line ; these spots are all more or less liable to disappear ;
266 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
anterior and intermediate legs testaceous ; the femora
above, the tarsi and the apex of the intermediate
tibie, fuscous, or in some nearly black; posterior legs
black, with only the base of the tibie paler; head and
thorax rather thickly clothed with short adpressed golden
hairs, and covered with large scattered punctures ; wings
hyaline, nervures and tegule testaceous ; metathorax with
a well-defined triangular basal area, carinated in the
middle, the margins of the area outside are radiately
striate, the sides of the metathorax are covered with
short whitish hairs; abdomen irregularly punctured ;
apical segment in 2 with very large coarse punctures ;
tibie with a few spinose hairs.
Length 8—9 mill.
Hab.—Sandy places in summer; Deal, Lowestoft,
Southwold, Erith, Hampstead, &c.
Divinets, Wesm. (PI. VIII. fig. 32).
Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. xviii. No. 10.
= Alyson, Shuck.
Somewhat like Harpactus in form, but more slender,
the metathorax longer and truncate at the apex, with
prominent angles, the 2nd submarginal cell petiolated,
and the apical joint of the antenne in the gf shaped like a
crescent.
1. lunicornis, Fab. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 249. Fig. Smith
Brit. Foss. Ely. pliaw. fe. bao.) (Curtis Brit. Ent.
xi. 584, 9 = Kennedii, Curt.
Mandibles pale, with the apex piceous; antenne
piceous beneath ; black, basal segment of the abdomen
and the base of the 2nd in the g and the two basal
segments and the base of the 3rd in the ? red; wings
with a brown band near the apex, covering the radial,
2nd submarginal, and part of the 38rd discoidal cell ; legs
piceous ; head shining and very finely punctured i in the
dé, dull and more coarsely so in the ?; apical joint
of the antenne in the ¢ falcate; thorax very closely
punctured ; metathorax parallel-sided, with a lanceolate
enclosure at the base, bounded by an elevated ridge,
irregularly rugose within, radiately rugose outside, with
a, short dentate spine near the apex on each side; abdo-
men shining, finely punctured, 8rd and _ following
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 267
segments with irregular erect hairs; apical segment in
the 3 with a delicate spine at each side; under side
of all the segments, except the basal one, with long
pilose hairs.
Length 7—9 mill.
Hab.—Worthing ; Hastings; Ryde; Bristol; Lyme
Regis. Rare.
Nysson, Latr. (Pl. VIII. fig. 33).
Prec. Caract. Gen. Ins. p. 125.
A genus which may easily be determined by the square
metathorax, truncate at the apex, and spined at the
posterior angles. The wings have three submarginal
cells, the 2nd petiolated ; the abdomen is black, banded
or spotted with yellow at the sides, the base in some
species more or less red.
(4) 1. Anal cell of hind wings terminating considerably
before the origin of the cubital nerve; Ist seg-
ment of body much narrower than 2nd. (Pl. VIII.
fig. 34).
(8) 2. Tubercles of thorax black .. ve ac .. spinosus.
3. Tubercles of thorax yellow .. ae . interruptus.
(1) 4. Anal cell of hind wings terminating at or whavena
the origin of the cubital nerve; first joint of body
as wide or wider than 2nd. (Pl. VILLI. fig. 35).
(6) 5. Larger, thorax very rugose, with a yellow line in
front; basal segment of the body very rarely red 3-maculatus.
5) 6. Smaller, thorax only rugosely punctured, without a
, tho y rugosely p
pale line in front; basal segment of body always
brownish red cg oe Ae ae .. dimidiatus.
1. spinosus, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 373. Fig. Panz. Faun.
Germ. 62,15. (Pl. VIII. fig. 34).
Black, a band across the prothorax, often wanting in
the g, and a band at the apex of the Ist, 2nd, and 8rd
abdominal segments in the 3, a spot on each side of the
1st segment in the ?, and an interrupted band on
the 2nd and 3r d, yellow ; tubercles black ; tegule pitchy ;
wings clouded; legs in the ¢ black, with the extreme
apex of the femora, base and apex of the tibie, and
tarsi red ; legs in the ? red, with the femora more or less
black at the base. Head and thorax very rugosely
punctured, densely covered with short ochreous hairs in
the 3, sparsely so in the 2; post-scutellum and meta-
thorax clathrate, the latter ‘ne at its sides, especially
in the 3, and armed on each side with a short thick
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—PaRT IV. (DEC.) 2D
268 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
spine ; abdomen dull in the #, more or less shining in 2 ,
ist segment very largely and coarsely punctured, the
rest more finely so; apex of the abdomen in the 3
bidentate; basal segment above and all the segments
beneath densely clothed with silvery hairs in the 3; legs
finely pubescent.
Length 10—12 mill.
Hab.—Widely distributed, and often common.
2. interruptus, Fab. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 266. Fig.
Panz. Faun. Germ. 77, 18 (dissectus).
Very like the preceding, but shorter and more compact,
and has the antenne only a little longer than the head,
and the tubercles yellow.
Length 8—9 mill.
Hab.—Hampstead and Highgate, and London district.
3. trimaculatus, Rossi. Faun. Etruse. i. p.95. (Pl. VIII.
fig. 35).
Shorter and broader than either of the above; thorax
with a line at the base of the prothorax, and the tubercles
yellow; scutellum sometimes with a yellow line; abdo-
men with a yellow spot at the side of the Ist, 2nd, and
drd segments; legs black, knees and apex of tibie
narrowly brown. Head and thorax largely and rugosely
punctured, and covered with short whitish hairs ; basal
area of metathorax shining, with a series of parallel
ridges; abdomen shining, largely and remotely punc-
tured, especially on the basal segment, the puncturation
becoming finer towards the apical segment, which is very
finely and closely punctured; penultimate joint of the
antenne in the ¢ much larger than the apical joint, which
is sinuate and excavated beneath.
? varies occasionally in having the base of the abdo-
men red.
Length 8—9 mill.
Hab.—Rare ; Battersea, Southgate, Weybridge, &c.
FE. Smith says:—‘‘I have most frequently captured
this imsect when beating bushes for Coleoptera; it
mimics death in the same way as Hedychrum and
Chrysis.”
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 269
4. dimidiatus, Jurine. Hym. pl. x. f. 22 = guttatus,
Shuck.
Smaller than any of the above. Thorax with the
tubercles only pale; abdomen with the basal segment
and the base of the 2nd brownish red, sometimes the 2nd
seoment of this colour all over, 2nd and 3rd segments
with a pale spot on each side; tibie and tarsi brown.
Head and thorax rugosely punctured ; apical. joint of the
antenne in the $ twice as long as the penultimate, and
bisinuate beneath ; abdomen dull, with scattered, shallow,
punctures, beneath with the ventral prominence almost
obsolete.
Length 7 mill.
This very distinct little species is rare, but has occurred
at Hastings, Littlehampton, Hampstead, Highgate, Wey-
bridge, Southend, and Deal. July and August.
Gorytss, Latr. (Plate VIII. figs. 36 and 37).
Hist. Nat. vol. xii. p. 308.
Like Nysson in coloration, but has the 2nd_ sub-
marginal cell simple, and the 4th almost completed.
The metathorax rounded posteriorly.
(2) 1. gantenne longer; tibie more or less black; 9
basal joint of abdomen much narrower than 2nd,
with only two spots 36 oc . mystaceus.
(1) 2. g antenne shorter ; tibie entirely yellow; 9 basal
joint of abdomen not much narrower than 2nd,
with a complete yellow apical band Ss .. campestris.
1. mystaceus, Linn. Faun, Suec. ed. i. p. 412. Fig.
Panz. Faun. Germ. 58, 11,2. (Plate VIII. fig. 37).
Black, two spots at the base of the clypeus, a band at
the base of the prothorax, the tubercles, the scutellum
in the 2, an interrupted band on the basal segment of
the abdomen, and an entire band on the 2nd and 8rd, and
occasionally a spot on the 4th, yellow. Tibi in the 3
outwardly yellow ; tarsi fuscous, paler at the base; tibiz
and tarsi in the @ entirely fulvous. Head and thorax
deeply and closely punctured, covered with greyish hairs ;
face below the antenne in the ¢ with silvery hairs ;
antenn in the ¢ very long, reaching to about the middle
of the 2nd abdominal segment ; basal area of the meta-
thorax longitudinally ridged, with a deep central furrow,
270 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
sides clathrate; front wings slightly clouded at their
base and upper margin; basal segment of the abdomen
covered with longer ‘hairs than the rest, rugosely punc-
tured, especially at the base, where it is also rugosely
striated, 2nd segment at the apex much wider than the
first, puncturation finer and more regular, 3rd and
following more finely punctured again; ? beneath with
the 1st and 2nd segments dull, covered with a short
brownish erey, adpressed pubescence, the 2nd largely
punctured near the base, rest shining, punctured; ¢
beneath rugosely punctured.
Length 12—15 mill.
Hab.—Not uncommon during the summer, and gene-
rally distributed.
2. campestris, Linn. Faun. Suec. 2nd ed. p. 417. Fig.
Panz. Faun. Germ. 98, 17 = Fargeit, Shuck. Foss.
Hym. p. 214.
Differs from the preceding in having the antennez in
the ¢ distinctly shorter, and the clypeus nearly entirely
yellow; the basal segment of the abdomen is wider, and
there is a yellow band also on the 4th segment; the
tibie and tarsi are entirely pale yellow.
The ¢ differs in having four wider abdominal bands,
the tibiz and tarsi yellower, and the 2nd segment of the
abdomen beneath with only a few small punctures at
the base.
Length 9—11 mill.
Hab.—Higheate, Wandsworth, Lowestoft, &c.; end of
June, &e.
Horuisus, Lep. (Pl. VIII. figs. 38 and 39).
Ann. ‘Soc, Ent. Prance vol. ap. 62.
Differs from the preceding genus in ene a complete
4th submarginal cell, and in the neuration of the hind
wings, as shown in the table of the Nyssonide. Smith
has considered this genus asa part of Gorytes, but all
the continental authors keep it distinct, and the difference
in the neuration of the wings seems to me to be a quite
sufficient cause of separation.
(4) L. Basal seginent of abdomen not constricted at the
apex, its sides gradually diverging in nearly
straight lines.
(3) 2. Band of the 2nd segment of the abdomen not
wider than that of the Ist ,. 29 ae .. +-fasciatus,
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 271
(2) 8. Band of the 2nd segment of the abdomen much
wider than that of the Ist a ote .. laticinetus.
(1) 4. Basal segment of abdomen constricted at the apex,
its sides much rounded... Me ote .. bicinctus.
1. quadrifasciatus, Fabry. Syst. Piez. p. 298. Fig.
Curt. Brit. Ent. xi. 524 (libinitarius). (Pl. VIII.
fig. 39).
Black; clypeus of the ¢ widely yellow at the base,
labrum with two yellow spots; clypeus of the @ with
three pale spots, sometimes united, labrum unspotted, a
spot on the margin of each eye, and the scape of the
antenne in front, yellow in both sexes, the basal joints of
the flagellum rufescent in the ? ; prothorax with a yellow
basal line ; wings with the nervures pale brown, slightly
tinged with brown, and having a brown cloud across the
radial and 2nd and 8rd submarginal cells ; scutellum
with a pale apical line in the ? ; abdomen in both sexes
with four yellow bands, the 2nd band not wider than the
basal one; femora with the apices pale ; ? with the tibie
and tarsi entirely testaceous ; 3 tibise testaceous in front,
posteriorly black, except at the base ; tarsi testaceous,
posterior pair fuscous towards the apex ; head more or
less hairy on the vertex, very finely punctured ; meso-
thorax exceedingly finely punctured ; metathorax with its
basal area irregularly and longitudinally rugose, outside
the basal area somewhat clathrate ; abdomen shining, very
finely punctured, basal segment not constricted at the
apex ; tibie with pale spines.
Length 11—12 mill.
Hab.—In woody places; generally distributed.
9. laticinctus, St. Farg. Ann. Ent. Fr.i. p. 66. Fig.
St. Farg. Hym. pl. xxv. fig. 6.
Very like the preceding, but rather larger ; the antenne
in the 3 rather longer, the clypeus im the ¢ entirely
yellow, the sides of the face with a broad yellow spot,
and the antenne beneath pale almost to the apex; basal
area of the metathorax clathrate in both sexes, and the
Ond abdominal band much wider than the basal one,
occupying not quite the whole apical half of the
segment ; tibie in the ? posteriorly, black near the apex.
Length 12—13 mill.
Hab,—Rare; New Forest.
272 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
8. bicinctus, Rossi. Faun. Etrusc. App. p. 123. Fig.
Smith Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. iv. fig. 6. Curtis Brit.
Ent. xi. 524.
Like the preceding species in general colour, but very
different in form, sculpture, &e. Head and thorax dull
and distinctly and closely punctured ; basal area of the
metathorax finely striate, with a distinct central sulcature,
sides rugosely punctured ; abdomen with two spots on the
basal segment, a wide band on the 2nd, and a narrow one
on the 8rd, yellow; basal segment not nearly half so wide
as the 2nd, its sides rounded, and converging again
towards the apex, 2nd segment, at its extreme base, with
a series of very short strie. ‘
Length 11 mill.
Hab.—New Forest, Hastings, London district ?
Meuuinus, Fab. (Pl. VIII. fig. 40, 41).
Ent. Syst. 11. p. 285.
The elongate form, petiolated abdomen, and shining
surface will distinguish the members of this genus from
their allies; the neuration of the upper wings is very
peculiar, as the recurrent nervures are received, one at
the apex of the Ist submarginal cell, the other at the
base of the 8rd.
(2) 1. Markings yellow; tibie and tarsi yellow; g an-
tenn simple 06 Eo dc . arvensis.
(1) 2. Markings white; tibiz and tarsi reddish: f antenne
with joints 8—11 beneath, produced, and sub-
tuberculated o6 ye of an .. sabulosus.
1. arvensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p.573. Fig.
Panz. Faun. Germ. 17, 20 (U. flavum).
Black ; the base of the clypeus in the 3, the scape of
the antenne in front and a line on each side of the face,
the raised posterior margin of the prothorax, the tegule
and a spot under each wing, and the scutellum, yellow in
both sexes; abdomen in the ¢ with a central, usually
interrupted, band on the 3rd segment, a spot on the 6th,
and sometimes indications of bands on the 2nd, 4th, and
7th segments, yellow; 2 with a spot on each side of the
basal segment, a very wide band on the 2nd and 38rd, an
interrupted band on the 4th, and nearly the whole of the
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 273
5th segment yellow, the band on the 4th segment some-
times continuous ; legs yellow; the base of the femora
black. Head and thorax finely, closely, and rugosely
punctured, especially in the 2; face below the antenne
covered with long testaceous hairs; antenne simple
in both sexes ; metathoracic basal area somewhat smooth,
depressed in the middle, and rugose, bounded by a narrow
consute line, sides finely hairy and rugose ; body shining,
with obsolete, scattered punctures on the 1st, 2nd, and
3rd segments, more closely punctured on the following,
petiole hairy ; apical segment in the ? finely striate, with
a few large punctures near the base; 5th and 6th
segments in the ? and 7th in the ¢ more or less hairy ;
abdomen beneath with scattered hairs ; tibie with pale
spines. |
Length, g 8—11 mill., ? 183—15 mill.
Hab.—Common in many places, and generally dis-
tributed.
2. sabulosus, Fabr. Mant. Ins. i. p. 296. Fig. Smith
Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. iv. fig. 4.
Rather smaller than the above, with the head and
thorax less closely punctured ; markings white instead of
yellow ; 2nd and 8rd segments of the abdomen each with
a large transverse white spot on each side, the upper one
in the g often obsolete, a white band on the 5th segment
in the @ and a spot on the 6th segment in the ¢ also
white ; legs fulvous, not yellow, as in arvensis ; antenne
fulvous, except at the base above; 2 with joints 8—11,
produced beneath, and subtuberculate, their lower mar-
gin dentate at the apex.
Length, ¢ 8—9 mill., ¢ 12—13 mill.
Hab.—Generally distributed ; Suffolk, Hants, Notting-
ham, Neweastle ; sometimes very common.
CERCERIDA.
(2) 1. 2nd submarginal cell petiolated iy .. Cerceris.
(1) 2. 2nd submarginal cell not petiolated 36 .. Philanthus.
Crerceris, Latr. (Pl. VIII. fig. 42).
Hist. Nat. Ins. xi. p. 315.
This is one of the most distinct genera of the Fossorial
Hymenoptera; the 1st segment of the abdomen is
narrower than the rest, being little more than half the
274 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
width of the 2nd, and all the segments are constricted at
the base and apex, the surface is deeply punctured, the
apical constriction of each segment shining and im-
punctate ; the abdomen in all the species is banded with
black and yellow, and the front wings have the 2nd sub-
marginal cell petiolated.
(2) 1. Basal triangle of metathorax smooth and shining — ornata.
. Basal triangle of metathorax striated.
(4) 3. 2nd or 3rd segment entirely pale, without a black
basalband .. ac a oc 46 .. sabulosa
(3) 4. All the segments banded.
(8) 5. Clypeus of g more or less toothed in front; clypeus
of 9 not emarginate.
(7) 6. Larger, penultimate segment of abdomen in the J
without a pencil of rigid sete at the sides;
clypeus of 9 not raised 46 .. arenaria.
(6) 7. Smaller, penultimate segment of abdomen in the J
with a pencil of rigid setee on each side; clypeus
of @ raised oe oc Ys .. labiata.
(5) 8. Clypeus of § not toothed; of 9 emarginate .. 5-fasciata.
~
—
w
1. arenaria, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p. 571. Fig.
Smith Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. iv. fig. 8.
Black, with the following parts yellow, viz., entire face in
the ¢ and scape of the antenne in front ; a spot on the
clypeus and one on each side of the face in the ? and a
spot behind each eye; a spot on each side of the pro-
thorax, the tegule, and the post-scutellum in both sexes,
and a spot on each side of the metathorax in the ° ;
a band at the apex of each abdominal segment, except
the apical one in the @, and of each, except the basal
and apical ones, in the g; legs in the 3, except the
upper side of the femora of the anterior and intermediate
pairs, and the apex of the femora of the posterior pair, and
a spot at the apex of the posterior tibie within. Legs in
the ¢ reddish, the two front pairs of femora black at the
base, the posterior pair black above ; under side of the ¢
with a yellow spot on each side of the 3rd and 4th seg-
ments of the abdomen; the ¢ has also sometimes a
small round spot on each side of the basal segment
of the body above ; apical joint of the antenne reddish,
and generally the 2nd and 38rd in both sexes; wing
nervures orange-brown. Head and thorax largely and
coarsely punctured, rather densely hairy in the ¢,
sparingly in the ¢; clypeus in the ¢ tridentate, with a
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 275
thick fringe of bristles on each side near the eye, clypeus
in the @ rounded in front; metathorax rugose in both
sexes, its basal area longitudinally striate; abdomen
strongly punctured, basal segment covered with long
hairs; all the segments in the ¢ more or less hairy;
apical segment flattened above, and largely punctured in
the g, transversely rugose in the ?, carinated on each
side, and somewhat rounded at the apex, with a slight
projection on each side; under side of all the segments
in the g¢ with an apical fringe, and a few scattered hairs
on the disk, in the ? almost naked.
Length 12—16 mill.
Hab.—Common in sandy places.
2. 5-fasciata, Rossi. Faun. Etrusc. Mant.i. p. 189. Fig.
Panz; Faun. Germ. 63, 12, 3, 638, 17, 2 (niter-
ruptus) = interrupta, Shuck.
Very like arenaria, but smaller, the puncturation of the
thorax larger and more remote, and the pubescence less
dense in the $; the clypeus in the $ simply truncate at
the apex, and not obsoletely tridentate as in arenaria,
that of the ? slightly raised (but not free), deeply and
semicircularly emarginate in front ; basal segment of the
abdomen in the ¢ less hairy, and with only a very small
reddish yellow spot on each side ; apical segment rather
narrower at the apex, the fringe of hairs on its lateral
carine longer; penultimate segment of the ¢ with a
small tuft of rigid pale setz on each side at the apex ;
legs in the ? fulvous, those of the ¢ dark at the base of
the femora of the two front pairs, and with a dark ring
near the apex of the posterior pair.
Length 9—11 mill.
Hab.— Southend; Birch Wood; Lowestoft; South-
wold, &c.
3. labiata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. i. p. .269. Fig. Panz.
Faun. Germ. 68, 16, 2, 46, 2, ¢ (arenarius) ?
Almost exactly like the preceding in colour and size ;
the 1st segment of the body of the @ however has larger
and paler yellow spots, and the posterior femora of the
$ have a wider black apical band ; the ¢ may be however
separated at once by the 8-dentate clypeus, and the
longer hairs of the abdomen beneath, and the ¢ by the
TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1880.—PART IV. (DEC.) 25
276 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
raised and free clypeus, which is truncate in front, and
not emarginate as in 5-fasciata; the ¢ is rather like a
small arenaria, but differs in having the tuft of rigid
sete on the penultimate segment like the preceding
species.
Length 9—11 mill.
Common. Chobham; Southwold; Weybridge; Walmer ;
Southend, &e.
4. sabulosa, Panz. Faun. Germ. 63, 18. Var. = quadri-
cincta, Shuck.
Differs from any of the above in having the 2nd and
38rd abdominal segments in the $ and the 2nd in the ?
without the black angular band at the base ; the meta-
thorax has a yellow spot on each side in both sexes, and
its central area is rugosely striate; the abdomen is dull,
and much more strongly and closely punctured than in
any of the preceding; apical segment in the 3 strongly
emarginate; antenne fulvous, paler beneath, the scape
yellow ; legs entirely pale in the 3.
Length 9—11 mill.
Hab.—Rare ; Faversham ; Canterbury.
5. ornata, Fab. Ent. Syst. 1. p. 290. Fig. Panz. Faun.
Germ. 63, 10.
Very like sabulosa, but generally larger, and differs
from all the species of the genus in having the basal
area of the metathorax smooth, at least on its disk. The
8rd and 5th abdominal segments are generally entirely
yellow, but sometimes there is a black spot in the middle
of the base of the 2nd; the markings on the other seg-
ments are very variable; femora black at the base in
both sexes.
Length 10—15 mill.
TTab.— Common, and widely distributed.
Puiuantuus, Fabr. (Pl. VIII. fig. 48).
Ent. Syst. u. p. 288.
Like Cerceris in the coloration, but with the abdomen
shorter and more oval; the basal segment scarcely con-
stricted at the apex, and almost as wide as the 2nd; the
wings with the 2nd submarginal cell simple.
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 277
1. triangulum. Fab. Syst. Ent. 872. Fig. Smith Brit.
Foss. Hym. pl. v. fig. 1.
Head black ; mandibles pitchy brown ; clypeus, sides
of the face, and a tricuspid spot above the clypeus, and
the head behind the vertex pale yellow; thorax black,
with the collar and post-scutellum, and sometimes a spot
on the scutellum, yellow; abdomen yellow, with a wide
triangular band at the base of each segment, except
the apical one, black; legs yellow, base of femora
black ; the size of the triangular bands varies much ;
in some specimens they are reduced almost to a basal
spot, so that the abdomen is almost entirely yellow.
Head covered with short hairs, very finely and closely
punctured, more coarsely so on the vertex ; thorax hairy,
like the head; mesothorax coarsely punctured, meta-
thorax very closely and rugosely so; brow of the
metathorax sometimes smoother and shining ; abdomen
deeply punctured, ovate ; basal segment hairy above ; all
the segments beneath with a few scattered hairs ; tibie
and tarsi spinose.
Length 10—15 mill.
Hab.—Local. Hants; Sandown Bay; Pegwell Bay ;
Byfleet ; Epping.
CRABRONIDAK.
(2) 1. Neuration of hind wings complete ate -. Trypoxylon.
(1) 2. Neuration of hind wings incomplete.
(6) 3. Submarginal cell not confluent with the 2nd
discoidal.
(5) 4. Eyes hairy .. bc ve re 56 .. Entomognathus.
5. Eyes naked .. as ote a0 ie .. Crabro.
(3) 6. Submarginal and 2nd discoidal cells confluent .. Oxybelus.
TrypoxyLon, Lair. (Pl. VIII. fig. 44).
Prec. Caract. Gen. Ins. p. 121.
Thevery long clavate abdomen is the chief characteristic
of this genus ; the neuration of the wings also is different
from that of any other genus amongst the Fossorials.
The front wings have one distinct submarginal and one
distinct discoidal cell, but a second submarginal and a
8rd discoidal are indicated by a series of indistinct nerves
which at first sight are scarcely noticeable.
278 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
(2) 1. Petiole very long and thin; Ist joint of abdomen
twice or nearly twice as long as the 2nd -. attenuatum.
(1) 2. Petiole shorter and stouter; Ist joint of abdomen
not nearly twice as long as the 2nd.
(4) 3. Larger; antenne scarcely clavate; legs entirely
black Sc nid 4 3c oe -» figulus.
(3) 4. Smaller; antennz more or less clavate ; knees and
.tarsi piceous on 30 50 20 .. clavicerum.
1. figulus, Linn. . Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p. 570. Fig.
Panz. Faun. Germ. 80, 16.
Black ; apex of the mandibles red. Head and thorax
dull, very finely and closely punctured, covered with very
short greyish hairs; antenne scarcely thickened at the
apex ; scutellum less closely punctured and somewhat
shining; metathorax radiately rugose at the base,
shallowly channelled down the middle, covered with
short silvery hairs, transversely striate at its sides ; wings
with a slight apical cloud; abdomen covered with
exceedingly short grey hairs; the apex of each segment,
especially in the ¢, with a greyish band, widest at the
sides ; this is very hable to be rubbed off in old speci-
mens ; basal joint of abdomen not quite once and a half
as long as the 2nd; apical segment in the ? with long
bristly hairs; legs finely clothed with greyish hairs,
their sides towards the body with a shining, sericeous
pubescence.
Length 12—13 mill.
Very common, and generally distributed ; appears in
June.
2. clavicerum, St. Farg. Ene. Meth. x. p. 750.
Smaller than jigulus, and easily distinguished by the
shorter clavate antenne, especially in the ¢, the apical
joint being little longer than wide, the much more promi-
nent forehead between the eyes, and the pale tegule and
pale knees, and occasionally more or less pale tibie.
Length 6—8 mill.
Hab.—Common, and generally distributed.
3. attenuatum, Sm. Cat. Brit. Hym. App. p. 120. Fig.
Smith Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. iv. fig. 2.
Narrower than either of the preceding, and at once
distinguishable by the long thin 1st segment of the abdo-
men, which is twice as long as the 2nd; the joints are
altogether more slender, being as long as or longer than
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 279
wide. The puncturation of the thorax is finer, and the
body rather more shining.
Length 8—9 mill.
Not rare. Chobham, Bristol, Reigate, &e. Appears
in May and June, and may be bred from pierced bramble
stems.
Enromoanatuus, Dahlb.
Hym. Hur. vol. at jp y295:
Differs from Crabro in having the eyes hairy, and the
mandibles sinuate near the base.
1. brevis, V.d. Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux. v. p. 72.
Black ; scape of the antenne in front, dilated portion
of the mandibles at the base in the ¢, the tubercles, the
anterior and intermediate tibizw and tarsi in both sexes,
and the femora except a black line beneath in the 3,
the posterior tibie at the base in the ? and almost
entirely in the ¢, and the posterior tarsi in the 3,
flavous; apices of the anterior femora yellow in the ?.
Head and thorax shining, rather largely punctured,
covered with short erect hairs; mandibles dentate at the
base; eyes clothed with fine white hairs; basal area of
the metathorax shining, surrounded and divided down
the middle by consute impressions, sides finely pilose ;
abdomen finely punctured, the posterior margins of the
segments narrowly piceous, apical segment piceous ; pos-
terior and intermediate femora denticulate and spinose.
Length 5—6 mill.
Hab.—Common in most places. May be known at
once from any of the black species of Crabro, some of
which it much resembles, by the hairy eyes and dentate
mandibles at the base.
Crasro, Fab. (Pl. VIII. figs. 45, 46).
Syst. Ent. p. 373.
This genus contains a number of species which vary
exceedingly in form and colour, but the neuration of the
wings is constant throughout. The front wings have one
distinct submarginal and one distinct discoidal cell,
without indications of further nervures. The only other
genus that I have adopted, which has similar neuration,
is Entomognathus, which is characterised by its hairy
eyes.
280 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
Crabro vestitus, Sm. Brit. Foss. Hym. p. 131, I can
find no trace of in his collection, and it is omitted in his
Catalogue of 1871; I have therefore omitted it, pre-
suming it to be identical with some other species.
CRABRO.
(4) 1. Body petiolated ; lst segment terminating in a
node.
(3) 2. Face with a blunt spine between the antenne ;
apex of the tbiw red .. S60 aa .. tibialis.
2) 3. Face without a spine; apex of tibie black .. clavipes.
(
(1) 4. Petiole of body, if present, very short; 1st seg-
ment not terminating in a node.
(56) 5, Abdomen not strongly punctured.
(41) 6. Ocelli in an equilateral triangle.
(40) 7. Cheeks beneath without a strong spine.
(33) 8. Abdomen entirely black.
(22) 9. Last segment of abdomen in J not more strongly
punctured than the preceding, excavated in
the 9.
(17) 10. Basal area of the metathorax not clearly defined.
(12) 11. Posterior tibie very clavate and rounded, with-
out spines or teeth 50 ¢ 5 »» capitosus.
(11) 12. Posterior tibize more or less dene or spinose.
(16) 13. Metathorax with a wide central channel, which
is distinctly margined; front legs of the §
simple.
(15) 14. Legs entirely black 50 Be 50 .. leucostoma.
(14) 15. Front legs testaceous-brown 50 .. pubescens.
(18) 16. Metathorax with a simple, narrow, dened im-
pressed line; front legs of g scutate . -. cetratus.
(10) 17. Basal area of metathorax clearly Aenmed:
(19) 18. Puncturation of thorax so fine and indistinct
as to be sae visible, except with a high
power ae 56 So .. podagricus.
(18) 19. Puncturation of thera digunet
(21) 20. Clypeus black; front legs of g scutate -. gonager.
(20) 21. Clypeus flavous ; front legs of g simple -. Aphidum.
(9) 22. Last segment of the body in the g more strongly
punctured than the preceding; not excavated
in the 9.
(26) 23. Front legs of g scutate, both sexes with the
calearia of front legs black, or with the clypeus
and mandibles yellow.
(25) 24. Larger, basal area of metathorax large, shining,
and finely strigose; g tibiw scutate; clypeus
and mandibles yellow .. ts ar -- palmarius
(24) 25. Smaller, basal area of metathorax small, dull,
and very coarsely striate; g tibiz simple ; 1st
joint of tarsi scutate; calcaria in both sexes
black aa . palmipes.
(28) 26. Calcaria of front legs pale; ; clypeus not yellow.
(30) 27. Mesosternum spinose at the sides.
(29) 28. Metathoracic area striated an a6 +. varius.
(28) 29. Metathoracic area smooth and shining +. exiguus.
(27) 30. Mesosternum not spinose.
32) 31. Thorax more or less shining ; puncturation fine,
but not so very close; tibie widely pale at the
base; metathoracic area polished and shining
in both sexes, rarely finely striate in the @ — Wesmaeli.
(31) 32. Thorax dull; puncturation very close; tibie
very narrowly pale at the base; metathoracic
areadeeply striate in the J, striate at the sides
only inthe @ .. : 5c O0 .. elongatulus.
(8) 33. Abdomen black and alter
(37) 34. Recurrent nervure emitted just beyond the mid-
dle of the submarginal cell. (Pl. VIII. fig. 45)
(36) 385, Posterior tibie of the g spinose, those of the
@ much and closely spined Bs . dimidiatus.
(35) 36. Posterior tibie of the g not spined, those of
the @ less spined than in the preceding . signatus.
(34) 37. Recurrent nervure emitted considerably beyond
the middle of the submarginal cell. (PI. VIII.
fig. 46).
(39) 38. 2nd segment of the abdomen beneath without a
pilose spot on each side . vagabundus.
(38) 39, 2nd segment of the abdomen peneeinl ait a
pilose § spot on each side . ae - cephalotes.
(7) 40. Cheeks beneath with a arene spine . 4-maculatus.
(6) 41. Ocelli in an isosceles triangle much widest Ay
the base.
(53) 42. Abdomen black and yellow.
(48) 43. Mesosternum without a short raised crest in
front of the intermediate coxe; g antenne
fusiform ; tibiz patellated.
(45) 44. Thorax above striated - cribrarius.
(44) 45. Thorax above not striated.
(47) 46. Anterior angles of prothorax prominent . peltarius.
(46) 47. Anterior angles of prothorax obtuse . scutellatus.
(43) 48. Mesosternum with a short raised crest in front
of the intermediate coxe.
(52) 49. Thorax punctured and sometimes longitudinally
striate, but not transversely striate in front.
(51) 50, Thorax posteriorly and scutellum striate among
the punctures; 3rd abdominal segment banded
with yellow : .. clrysostoma,
(50) 51. Thorax and scutellum rugosely punctured ; drd
abdominal segment entirely black . vagus.
(49) 52, Thorax transverely striate in front, longitudi-
nally behind . interruptus.
(42) 53. Abdomen entirely black or ieee
55) 54. Abdomen bronzy black; head not wider than
the thorax .. albilabris.
(54) 55, Abdomen Senet, a fotos tint; head wider
than the thorax . < . Panzeri.
j, Abdomen strongly panbiarecine
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera.
. clypeatus.
281
282 Mr. EK. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
1. tials, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 271. Fig. Smith
Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. ii. fig. 8 = Curtis Brit. Ent.
xv. 656.
Black; ¢ with the scape of the antennex, the under
side of the flagellum near the base, and the whole of the
7th, 9th, and 11th joints white; ? with the scape and
under side of the antenne piceous ; mandibles yellow at
the apex in the g, piceous in the ?; thorax with the
tubercles and tegule pale in both sexes, as well as the
apex of the abdomen ; extreme apices of the femora, the
bases of all the tibie, the front tibie entirely, and the
front and intermediate tarsi white; intermediate and
posterior tibiz brown across the middle and red at the
apex; posterior tarsi brown. Head and thorax shining,
finely and rather remotely punctured ; face between the
antenne with a blunt spine; antenne in the g with the
2nd joint transverse and triangularly produced at the
side, the two following sinuate at the base, and much
widened at the apex; antennez in the ? simple; meta-
thorax at the base shining, with a central impressed line,
sides covered with fine white pubescence, basal area not
defined laterally ; abdomen shining and polished, basal
segment narrow and very clavate at the apex; genitalia
of the g fringed with long hairs at the sides; apical
segment in the 2 carinated at the sides and covered
with erect hairs; posterior tibie in both sexes very
clavate, and armed exteriorly with irregular spines; 1st
joint of the anterior tarsi in the ¢ very long and dilated,
of the intermediate tarsi long and angularly produced
near the base.
Length 6—7 mlll.
Hdab.—Not common. I have taken it at Wandsworth.
F’. Smith says that it is one of the species that burrow
into the pith of bramble stems.
2. clavipes, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p. 569
= rufwentris, Pz., &c. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ.
72, 12 (rufiventris).
Like the preceding in shape, but differs in the following
particulars: the ¢ has the scape only of the antennex
white, and the 6th only sinuate beneath, the tarsi
simple, and the abdomen with a red band; the ? differs
in haying the scape of the antenne white, the abdomen
with a red central band, its apical segment not covered
Feterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 288
with erect hairs, the posterior and intermediate tibie
black at the apex, not red as in tibialis, their interior
margin almost without spines.
Length 6—7 mill.
Hab.—Generally distributed. May be bred from per-
forated bramble sticks.
3. capitosus, Shuck. Foss. Hym. p. 159.
Black; the anterior tibiz in front, the anterior and
intermediate tarsi, and the extreme base of the posterior
tibie whitish. Head and thorax finely and remotely
punctured ; metathorax with a transverse crenate line at
its extreme base, otherwise smooth and rounded, slightly
wrinkled posteriorly at the sides, and with a longi-
tudinal channel near the apex ; abdomen shining, widened
towards the apex ; apical segment in the ° with a sharp
carina on each side, and impressed at the apex, covered
with long erect hairs; apical segment in the ¢ shining,
scarcely punctured ; posterior tibiz very clavate in both
sexes, without spines.
Length 8 mill.
Hab.—London district, Chobham, Reigate, Tunbridge
Wells, Dorsetshire, Yorkshire. Rare.
4. leucostoma, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p. 571.
Black, shining, with the calearia pale, as well as
the base of the posterior tarsi in the ?. Head widely
channelled between the eyes, finely and remotely punc-
tured, with erect hairs on the vertex; clypeus covered
with bright silvery hairs; thorax very finely and irregu-
larly punctured ; metathorax smooth and shining at the
base, with a deep central sulcature in the 2, a shallow
one in the ¢; sides of the metathorax dull, punctured,
and finely pubescent, but not separated from the shining
basal area by any distinct impressed line or sulcature ;
wings slightly brownish ; abdomen shining, nearly im-
punctate, regularly ovate in the ?, its widest part being
about the apex of the 38rd segment; elongate in the 3;
apical segment.in the @ acuminate, with a sharp carina
on each side, and a slightly raised central ridge, the
extreme apex piceous ; tibie of the posterior legs irregu-
larly spinose.
Length 6—10 mill.
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—PaRT IV. (DEC.) 2F
284 Mr. EK. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
Hab.—Generally distributed and common. The widely
sulcate face will distinguish this species from any of its
allies.
5. pubescens, Shuck. Foss. Hym. p. 165.
3 like a small leucostoma, but with the face not sul-
cate; the head and thorax rather more hairy; the
metathorax smooth at the base, and sulcate down the
middle, “irregularly rugose at the sides; anterior and
intermediate femora and tibize piceous in front.
Length 7 mill.
Hab.—Charlwood, Surrey, 1 ¢; and1 ¢ from Shuck-
ard’s collection. Ido not know the ?.
6. cetratus, Shuck. Foss. Hym. p.181. Fig. H. Schiiff.
Faun. Germ. 179, 2, 3 (dilatus).
Black, shining; the calcaria and the margins of the
dilated anterior tibie of the g pale. Head and thorax
punctured, rugosely so in the g; clothed with short
erect hairs; metathorax crenate at the extreme base ;
finely and diagonally rugose in the ¢ and clothed with
whitish hairs; nearly smooth, and somewhat shining
in the @; in both sexes with a narrowly impressed line
down the centre; abdomen shining, the extreme apex
in the ? piceous; apical segment in the 2 acuminate,
with a sharp carina on each side above, and clothed at
the sides with erect hairs; posterior tibiz with short
spines; anterior tibie in the ¢ dilated and widely
rounded on their outer margin, which is pale, somewhat
membranous, and ciliated ; 1st joint of the front tarsi in
the ¢ also dilated. Length 7—8 mill.
Hab.—London district, Weybridge, Bristol, and La-
nercost in Northumberland; rare.
The g is distinct from all the species by the front
tibie ; the ? can only be confounded with leucostoma,
from which the narrow central line of the less shining
metathorax will easily separate it; in leucostoma the
central impression is a distinct excavation, with a sharp
margin on each side.
7. podagricus, V. der Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux.
v. p. 62.
Black ; the scape of the antenne in front, the anterior
and intermediate femora in front in the ¢, and the
Feterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 285
anterior and intermediate tibie and tarsi in both sexes
yellow, except a black spot on the under side of the
tibize ; posterior tibie black; narrowly pale at the base.
Head and thorax somewhat dull, very finely punctured,
the puncturation only visible under a strong lens; meso-
thorax with a short, double, impressed line from the
middle of the anterior margin; wings hyaline, with a
very faint cloud along the radial cell; metathorax with a
somewhat heart-shaped basal area, enclosed by a wide,
well-defined consute line, the enclosure punctured and
finely sulcate down the middle; from the apex of the
enclosure runs a deeply-impressed channel; abdomen
shining ; apical segment above in the ¢ smooth, scarcely
punctured, in the 2? acuminate, and carinated at the
sides with a trilobate fovea at the apex; anterior femora
in the ¢ fringed with long hairs beneath ; posterior tibie
in both sexes very clavate; the outer margins irregularly
dentate.
Length 6 mill.
Hab.—Generally distributed.
The exceedingly fine puncturation of the thorax will
distinguish this from any other of its group.
8. aphidum, St. Farg. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. ii. p. 789
= Walkeri, Shuck., Smith, &c.
Black; clypeus, mandibles, and the scape of the
antenne, yellow; thorax with a spot on each side of the
collar, the tubercles and tegule yellow; scutellum and
post-scutellum in the ? generally with a yellow spot,
often wanting in the ¢; ¢ with the anterior and inter-
mediate legs, except the base of the femora above, yellow;
posterior legs, with the base of the tibiz widely, and 1st
joint of the tarsi, yellow. The @ has the anterior knees
only yellow, and a black spot on the tibiz of the anterior
and intermediate legs. Head and thorax punctured;
clypeus covered with shining, silvery hairs; metathorax
with a shining basal area, crenate at the extreme base,
bounded by a consute line, and divided down the middle
by a consute impression ; abdomen regularly ovate, finely
punctured, and clothed with a somewhat sparse grey
pubescence; tibie in the ¢ without spines or teeth on
their outer margin.
Length 7 mill.
Hab.—Very rare. I have Shuckard’s type of the 3,
286 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British °
and Mr. GC. W. Dale has sent me a g and ? for exami-
nation, taken in Dorsetshire.
9. gonager, St. Fare. Ann. Soc. Ent. France. ii. p. 785.
= ambiguus, Dhlb. Hym. Hur. p. 336.
Black ; anterior tibie paler at the apex and anterior
margin; Ist and 2nd joints of the anterior and inter-
mediate tarsi white; the basal joint of the anterior tarsi
with three black spots; posterior tibie narrowly pale at
the base; all ine calcaria pale.
$ shining; head and thorax finely and somewhat
remotely punctur ed; metathorax with a shining enclosure
at the base, surrounded by a wide crenate suleature, and
divided down the middle by a narrow crenate line:
metathorax below the enclosure irregularly rugose ;
abdomen finely punctured, and covered with fine very
short hairs, which are only observable under a high
power; anterior tarsi with the basal joimt widely scutate,
pale, with three round black spots; the 2nd, 3rd, and
4th joints also dilated and pale, each smaller than the
one preceding it; the 2nd and 8rd each with a small
black spot in front ; ; posterior tibie irregularly spinose
on their exterior margin.
? with the anterior tarsi simple; the scape of the
antenner, the anterior tibize in front, and the posterior
tibiz widely at the base, pale; apical segment of the
abdomen canaliculated.
Length 6—7 mill.
I have only seen the ¢ of this species, of which My.
Vincent Perkins has had the good fortune to take several
in Gloucestershire, to whom I am indebted for the
specimen described.
10. palmarius, Schreb. Naturf. xx. p. 100, pl. i. fig. 9
$ (1784) = scutatus, Fab., Dahlb., Smith, &c.
Black; mandibles, clypeus, scape of the antenne in
front, a line on the prothorax, and the post-scutellum
yellow in both sexes; the ¢ has also the cheeks just
above the mandibles and on their under side, the
tubercles, and the under side of the prothorax, and the
scutellum yellow; anterior and intermediate legs in
the ¢ yellow; the femora beneath, an irregular spot at
the apex of the dilated anterior tibix, and the 1st joint of
the tarsi posteriorly black ; intermediate tibiw black
FHeterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 287
beneath ; posterior legs, with the base of the tibie and
tarsi only, yellow; ? with the anterior and intermediate
tibiz in front, the posterior tibiz at the base, the anterior
tarsi entirely, and the base of the others, yellow; head
finely punctured, slightly chanelled in front; clypeus
and face below the antenne covered with brilliant silvery
hairs; thorax rather more shining than the head, and
not so finely punctured; mesothorax with a double
dorsal line in front; sides of the mesothorax covered
with bright silvery hairs, and with a slight spine
posteriorly ; metathorax with a very finely striate basal
area, which has a central consute impression; abdomen
shining, very finely punctured; apical segment in both
sexes with a few very large scattered punctures ; front
femora in the gs swollen; tibie largely dilated and mem-
branaceous posteriorly; tarsi with the basal joint
produced and dilated; intermediate and posterior legs
simple, as well as all the legs in the 2; posterior tibiz
in both sexes with pale spines on their outer margin.
Length 7—8 mill.
Local; Birch and Darenth Woods, Southend, Devon-
shire, Lowestoft, Wimbledon, &e.
11. palmipes, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. xii. 1, p. 944 = tar-
satus, Shuck.
Smaller than the above; black, shining; scape of the
antenne in front, two transverse spots on the collar;
$ with a transverse spot on the scutellum, the anterior
lees in front, the intermediate tibiz in front and at the
base, the posterior tibiz at the base, and the basal joint
of the intermediate tarsi, yellow; @ with the anterior
tibiz in front, and the base of the other tibiz and tarsi,
pale. Head finely punctured with a narrow dorsal line ;
thorax not quite so finely punctured as the head; meta-
thorax crenate at the base, divided down the middle by a
wide consute channel, on each side of which is a trans-
verse, somewhat raised space, which is deeply and
diagonally striate; metathorax towards the apex trans-
versely rugose ; mesothorax posteriorly with a distinct
lateral spine beneath; abdomen finely punctured ;
anterior tarsi in the g¢ with the basal joint dilated
posteriorly, its margin rounded, the 2nd and 8rd
joints produced on each side, and triangular; lees in
the 2 simple.
288 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
The 3 is easily known by its dilated tarsi; the ? is
very like that of varius, but the black calcaria of the
front tibize are a distinguishing character; the spines of
the mesopectus are rather more developed, and the
crenate line round the basal area of the metathorax
deeper.
Length 6—7 lines.
Hab.—London district ; Deal; Shanklin, Isle of Wight ;
Bristol. Mr. Bridgman has taken both sexes at Norwich.
12. varius, St. Farg. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. vol. i. p. 775.
= spinipectus, Shuck.
Very like the preceding, but the ¢ differs in having
the anterior tarsi simple and the calcaria pale, the 2 in
having the calearia pale and the other characters pointed
out at the end of the last description, also in sometimes
having a yellow spot on the scutellum ; the basal joint of
the anterior tarsi in the ¢ has a black central band,
which will easily distinguish it from any of its other allies ;
the ¢ might be confounded with anzius on account of the
spines on the mesopectus, but the striate basal area of
the metathorax easily separates it from that species.
Length 6 mill.
Hab.—Generally distributed, and not rare.
13. anvius, Wesm. Hym. Foss. Belg. p. 187 = exiguus,
Shuck. Foss. Hym. p. 174.
Black, shining ; mandibles piceous at the apex; scape
of the antenne yellow beneath; collar with two small
yellow spots; tubercles in the ¢ of the same colour;
apex of the abdomen in both sexes testaceous; 3 with
the femora, tibie, and tarsi of the anterior and inter-
mediate legs yellow in front; posterior tibize yellow at
the base; ? with the anterior and intermediate tibiz and
tarsi yellow in front; posterior tibie yellow at the base ;
basal joint of the tarsi pale. Head and thorax finely
punctured; mesothorax in front with three slightly
raised lines; metathorax crenate at the base; the basal
area shining and almost smooth, divided down the
middle, and surrounded by wide, deeply crenate impres-
sions; mesopleura each with a minute spine-like tooth ;
abdomen ovate, shining; tibiz spinose exteriorly.
Leneth 5—6 mill.
Hab.—Battersea Fields, Shuckard. Earlham, Suffolk,
Bridgman.
FHeterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 289
This is a very distinct species, and one of our smallest ;
from varius, which is the only other one of this section
with a spine on the mesopleura, it differs in the shining,
almost smooth basal area of the metathorax, and from
all the species in the regularly ovate shape of the
abdomen.
14. Wesmaeli, VY. d. Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux.
v. p. 65.
Black, shining; scape of the antenne yellow in front ;
sometimes with a spot on each side of the collar, the
tubercles, and the scutellum yellow; apex of the abdomen
testaceous ; femora yellow at the extreme apex in both
sexes, and beneath in the ¢; anterior and intermediate
tibie yellow, except a black line behind; posterior
tibie widely yellow at the base; tarsi with the basal
joint pale, the rest more or less fuscous. Head and
thorax punctured; metathorax with the basal area
shining, surrounded by wide crenate lines, and divided
down the middle by a narrow crenate line; metathorax
below the basal area also bounded at each side by a
crenate impression, and with a central crenate line;
abdomen finely punctured ; tibiz spinose on thei outer
margin; intermediate tibizw simple.
Length 5—6 mill.
Common, and generally distributed.
15. elongatulus, V. d. Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux.
v. p. 64= propinquus, Shuck. ; hyalinus, Shuck.;
obliquus, Shuck.; pallidipalpis, Shuck.; transversalis,
Shuck.; luteipalpis, Smith; scutellaris, Sm.; var.
proximus, Shuck.
Very like Wesmaelt in the ?, but both sexes may be
easily distinguished thus :—The 3 of this species has the
mandibles, palpi, anterior femora and tibiz in front, and
generally the intermediate tibie in front, yellow; the
rest of the insect black; the basal area of the metathorax
very deeply strigose and dull; the intermediate tibix
rather suddenly thickened just below the base; the ? has
the legs much darker than in Wesmaeli, the tibie being
pale only at the extreme base of the intermediate and
posterior pairs; the scutellum black, and the apex of the
abdomen scarcely piceous ; the puncturation of the thorax
is distinctly closer and finer, and the surface less brilliant;
290 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
the area of the metathorax finely striate near the
margins.
Length 5—6 mill.
London district, Chobham, Hastings, Norwich, &e.
16. dimidiatus, Fab. Ent. Syst. i. p. 298. Fig. Panz.
Faun. Germ. 46, 8.
Head and thorax black; mandibles more or less
piceous, and sometimes yellow; scape of the antenne in
the ? yellow, with a black line above; two spots on the
collar, a line on the post-seutellum, and sometimes the
scutellum itself yellow; abdomen with a band on
the basal segment near the apex, two small round spots
on the 2nd “seament, two larger transverse lateral spots
on the 38rd and Ath, and near ly the whole of the 5th and
6th yellow. “The 3 is generally darker, having the 5th
and 6th segments tee unspotted, and the 7th pale at
the apex; insome ? the body is nearly entirely yellow,
with only a narrow black band at the base of the
2nd and 8rd segments; in some 3 the body is nearly
entirely black, with only a narrow band on the basal
segment, and a spot on each side of the 38rd, yellow.
S$ with the anterior and intermediate tibie in front, and
the posterior tibiz at the base, and sometimes also near
the apex, and all the tarsi, yellow; 9 with all the tibie
and tarsi yellow, with generally a black spot on the
former in front. Head shining, shallowly punctured ;
vertex with two deep impressions united posteriorly in
the @, and the face channelled; these impressions are
less strongly marked in the ¢; thorax somewhat shining
and shallowly punctured in the ¢, dull and very closely
punctured in the 2; metathorax with the basal area
shining, crenate at the base, surrounded by an im-
pressed line, and widely sulcate down the centre ;
sides of the metathorax more or less hairy, especially in
the ¢; abdomen shining, somewhat petiolated, with the
basal segment about once and a half as long as wide,
regularly elongate-ovate, apical segment in the ¢ largely
punctured; posterior tibize in both sexes irregularly
spinose ; anterior tibie in the ¢ triangularly produced
near the base beneath.
Length 12 mill.
Hab.—Common in many places, and generally distri-
buted.
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 291
17. signatus, Panz. Faun. Germ. 58, 15.
Very like dimidiatus, but differing in the following
particulars :—The 3 has the tibiz without spines, and
the posterior femora with a small tooth near the base
beneath; the 2, according to Wesmael, differs in having
the petiole of the body slightly thicker and shorter, each
of the excavations of the vertex divided in two by an
oblique carma, and the tibize entirely yellow without
spots. Thomson says that the tibiz also are less spinose.
Length 11—12 mill.
The g only appears to have occurred in England, but
I suspect the 2 is overlooked for that of the preceding
species. The ¢ has been taken at Swansea by Mr.
Dossetor, and at Katon, near Norwich, by Mr. Bridgman.
18. vagabundus, Panz. Faun. Germ. 53, 16.
Head and thorax black ; scape of the antenne beneath,
the entire collar or two spots on it, and a spot on the
scutellum in the ?, yellow; abdomen black; 3 with the
2nd and 38rd segments having a transverse yellow lateral
spot on each side, the 6th segment with a central
transverse spot, and the 7th generally pale, sometimes
the 4th sesment also with two lateral spots, and the 5th
with a central one; ? with a narrow band on the
1st segment, a broad interrupted band at the base of the
Qnd and 8rd, a continuous band on the 4th, and the
whole of the 5th yellow; apical segment more or less
piceous; legs in the g yellow, with the femora above
and the whole of the posterior pair black; intermediate
and posterior tibie more or less black at the apex;
? with the femora black; tibiz and tarsi yellow. Head
and thorax rugosely punctured, hairy, vertex of the
former impressed; antennze simple in both sexes;
cheeks not spined; basal area of metathorax shining,
smooth, surrounded by a deeply consute impression, and
with a wide central consute sulcature, the rest of the
metathorax somewhat rugose and hairy; abdomen
shining ; basal segment almost as wide at the apex as
long, not petiolated ; apical segment in the ? subacumi-
nate above, suleate at the apex, beneath with the 2nd
seement without lateral pilose spots; front femora in
the g toothed beneath; all the femora in both sexes
fringed on their under side. Length 9—13 mill.
Common.
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—PaRT Iv. (DEC.) 26
292, Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
$ something like 4-maculatus, but without the spinose
cheeks. 9 very like chrysostoma in colour, but the
different arrangement of the ocelli distinguish it at once.
19. cephalotes, Panz. Faun. Germ. 62, 16; Smith, &c.
= sexcinctus, Sm. = interstinctus, Sm. ?
Larger than the preceding. Head and thorax black ;
the ¢ with two spots on the collar, and sometimes a spot
on the scutellum, yellow; the scape of the antennee and
mandibles in both sexes yellow; the # with the former
striped with black above ; abdomen with a wide yellow
band on each segment, the Ist, 2nd, and 8rd sometimes
narrowly interrupted; 3g with the anterior and inter-
mediate femora and tibie yellow im front, and more or
less black behind ; posterior femora black, with a yellow
spot near the apex ; all the tarsi yellow; ¢@ with the
apices of the femora, and the whole of the tibize and tarsi,
yellow. Head and ‘thorax finely punctured, the latter
finely and longitudinally striate, the former in the 2
sometimes very large; vertex slightly impressed, hairy
in front; clypeus and margins of the eyes densely
covered w rith golden or silvery hairs, the former carinated ;
antenne in the $ with 38rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th joints much
widened at the apex, and produced into a blunt tooth ;
? antenne simple; thorax hairy; metathorax longitu-
dinally rugose in front, transversely behind; abdomen
smooth and shining, basal segment hairy above, apical
seement in the @ narrowly acuminate and sulecate,
densely fringed with bristly testaceous hairs at the sides,
that of the # fringed with fine, somewhat curved hairs ;
2nd segment of the abdomen beneath with a dull round
spot at the side near the base; posterior and intermediate
tibie denticulate, spmose in the ?.
Length 12—15 mill.
Common.
Easily distinguished from the preceding by the dentate
antenne of the ¢, and the narrow setose apical segment
of the abdomen in the ?, as well as by the striate thorax
in both sexes.
20. quadrimaculatus, Fab. Ent. Syst. u. p. 294, var.
2-maculatus, St. F.; genculatus, Shuck. Fig. Smith,
smite oss. Hiym pl mstion 7.
Black ; mandibles piceous ; thorax often with two spots
on the collar, and the post-scutellum, yellow ; abdomen
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 298
with occasionally a narrow sinuous band on the basal
segment, a transverse spot on each side of the 2nd and
38rd segments, rarely united, a spot on each side of the
4th, varying much in size, and the whole of the 5th
yellow; apical segment piceous; every variation of
colouring seems to exist between this and an entirely
black abdomen ; the g has rarely more than a lateral
spot on each side of the 2nd and 8rd segments ; femora
black, those of the 3 yellow in front, except the posterior
pair; tibize yellow, black posteriorly, posterior tibie
yellow at the base; tarsi of anterior and intermediate
legs yellow, of posterior legs piceous. Head and thorax
shining, punctured; head with a distinct well-marked
spine on each cheek beneath; prothorax straight in
front, its angles right angles; metathorax crenate at
the extreme base, basal area shining, widely sulcate
down the middle, and bounded at the sides by a crenate
line; metathorax at the sides hairy, and transversely
rugose; abdomen finely punctured, somewhat elongate-
oval; apical segment in the @ flat above, with a few
large rugose punctures; posterior tibie in the ? spinose,
in the 3 with a few prominent spine-like hairs.
Length 8—10 mill.
Hab.—Common.
This very variable species may be known at once by
the spine on the cheek beneath.
21. cribrarius, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. 1. p. 573,
Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 15, 18, 4°, 15; 195, ¢ -
Head and thorax black; scape of the antenne with a
yellow spot near the apex in the 2; two spots on the
collar in both sexes, and the scutellum in the @ also,
yellow ; abdomen black, with a continuous band near the
apex of the 1st seement, an interrupted band on the 2nd
and 8rd, and a continuous band on the 4th and 5th
yellow; in the ¢ there is a yellow band also on the 6th
and 7th; the ? has the apical segment testaceous above;
femora black; tibie and tarsi yellow; patelle of the
front tibie in the g pale, spotted with small white
spots; apex of the basal joimt of the front tarsi and the
whole of the following joints black. Head punctured,
hairy, finely strigose between the eyes; antenne in the
$ fusiform; mesothorax longitudinally and rugosely
striate, sparsely clothed with brownish hairs; metathorax
294 Myr. BE. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
finely rugose, with a crenate central channel, and covered
with long hairs, especially in the ¢; abdomen shining,
elongate in the 3g, rather wider in the @, but much
longer than in the species preceding ; apical segment in
the ¢ triangular and strongly punctured, flat above, and
covered with short golden hairs; anterior femora in
the g¢ short and swollen, produced behind into a large
irregular 5-sided process, and with a sharp short spine
quite at the base; anterior tibie in the ¢ thickened,
with a large membranous patella extending from their
outer margin; tarsi much dilated, interior claw very
long, bisinuate, and apiculate; front legs in the 9
simple; intermediate and posterior tibiz strongly spinose
in both sexes.
Length 18—15 mill.
Common in sandy places.
22. peltarius, Schreb. Naturforsch. 20 Stiick. 98, 3, pl.
ii. fig. 6 = patellatus, Panz., Smith, Shuck., &e.
Very like the preceding, but smaller, and at once
distinguishable by the simply punctured, not striate,
head and thorax; the # with the front femora produced
posteriorly into a flat, membranous, yellow, shiming
process, with a narrow, almost hair-like spine at the
base ; coxe spined; tibie with the patelle striped with
white posteriorly.
Length 11—13 mill.
Common in sandy places.
93. scutellatus, Schev. Naturforsch. 20 Stuck. 89, 6.
— pterotus, Fab. Syst. Piez. p. 311, Dhb., Smith, &c.
Very like patellatus, but rather smaller; both sexes
have the head and thorax duller, and more closely and
rugosely punctured; the prothorax without prominent
anterior angles; the ¢ may be known at once by the
shape of the anterior femora, the flattened process of
which in this species is somewhat triangular, with its
external basal angle produced and dentate; whereas in
the preceding species it is rounded; the patella of the
tibie is also differently marked, the stripes from the
margin continued and irregularly united on the disk,
and the external claw is flattened and somewhat twisted ;
the ¢ has the basal segment of the abdomen unspotted,
the abdomen itself wider in proportion to its length,
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 295
and the tubercles often black and the scape of the an-
tenne black.
Length 9—10 mill.
Guildford, Dr. Capron ; and near Chobham.
24. vagus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p. 571. Fig.
Panz. Faun. Germ. 46, 10.
Black; scape of the antenne, except the base above,
a spot on each side of the collar, an interrupted band at
the base of the 2nd segment of the abdomen, sometimes,
but rarely, a small spot on each side of the 8rd, two wide
lateral spots or a continuous band on the 4th and 5th
yellow; femora black, yellow at the extreme apex in
the 3, and on the anterior legs in front; tibie yellow,
narrowly black at the apex, anterior and intermediate
pairs black beneath; tarsi with the basal joint pale in
the g; pale only on the posterior legs of the 9. Head
closely punctured, hairy; 6th joint of the antenne in
the ¢ much constricted at the base; thorax hairy, finely
and closely rugose ; metathorax with a defined basal area,
sulcate down the centre; sides of the mesothorax beneath
transversely rugose ; abdomen shining, finely punctured,
ovate in both sexes, apical segment in the ? very narrow
and acuminate, shining, rugose, with a slight carina at
each side, sides below the carina with a dense fringe of
pale bristly hairs; intermediate and posterior tibiee
dentate and spinose in the @.
Length 10—13 mill.
Hab.—Common.
The black 8rd segment of the body gives this species
an appearance by which it may be easily recognised.
25. chrysostoma, St. Farg. Ann. Soe. Fr. vol. ii. p. 704.
= xylurgus, Shuck.
Head and thorax black; the former with the mandibles
and the entire scape of the antenne in the ?, and the
scape of the antenne in front in the ¢, yellow;
clypeus and margins of the eyes covered with shining
golden hairs in the ?, silvery in the 3, the latter
with a small spot on each side of the collar, and some-
times a spot on the tubercles, yellow ; abdomen black,
banded or spotted with yellow, having two small spots
or a narrow band on the basal segment, and two lateral
transverse spots on each of the 2nd, 8rd, and 4th
296 Heterogyna and Fossorval Hymenoptera.
seoments in the ?, and also of the 5th in the ¢; those
of the 2nd and 4th sometimes uniting so as to form
transverse bands; 6th segment in the ¢, and 5th in
the ¢ black only at the apex, 6th segment black in the ¢ ,
7th piceous at the apex in the ¢; femora black, more or
less yellow towards the apex above in the 3; tibie yellow,
more or less black beneath; tarsi yellow, dusky towards
the apex. Head and thorax hairy, finely and rugosely
punctured ; antenne in the ¢ with the 3rd and 4th joints
somewhat swollen and widely produced at the apex into
a sort of rounded tooth, the 5th, 6th, and 7th joints very
slightly dentate at the apex; antenne in the @ simple ;
clypeus carinated ; vertex with a narrow impressed line
running into the impression of the face above the
antenne ; mesothorax posteriorly, and scutellum, slightly
longitudinally striate among the punctures ; metathorax
clathrately rugose in front, transversely rugose towards
its apex, with a wide shallow, crenate, central impression ;
abdomen shining, finely punctured, apical segment in
the ? very narrow and acuminate, deeply sulcate, its sides
densely covered with long testaceous bristly hairs ; tibize
spined in the ?, and more or less denticulate.
Length 10—12 mill.
Hab.—Generally distributed. F. Smith says he has
several times reared the sexes from pieces of willow-
stumps.
26. interruptus, DeGeer. Mem. ii. 2, 807, pl. xxv. fig.
10—15 = Lindenius, Shuck., Smith, &c.
Somewhat like chrysostoma, cephalotes, &c., in colora-
tion, but very distinct from all the species of the genus
in the sculpture of the thorax. The mesothorax is
transversely and rather deeply striate in front and at the
sides, longitudinally striate posteriorly ; the scutellum is
longitudinally striate, the metathorax longitudinally
rugose near the base, transversely so near the apex, with
a central impression, crenate near the base. The thorax
in the ? has also two yellow spots on the collar; the
tubercles, the scutellum, and a small spot on each side
of it also yellow ; antenne simple in both sexes.
Length 12—15 mill.
Hab.—Not common. Darenth, Southgate, Ripley,
Bristol, Suffolk, &c.
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 297
27. albilabris, Fab. Ent. Syst. ii. p. 302. Fig. Panz.
Faun. Germ. 15, 24 (lewcostoma).
Black, with more or less of a bronzy tint, especially in
the ¢. 3 with the apex of the scape of the antenne,
an interrupted line on the collar, the tubercles, tegulee,
apices of the femora, the tibiw and tarsi flavous ; 2 with
the tegule piceous, anterior tibize yellow in front, all the
tibie yellow at the base; extreme apex of abdomen
testaceous. Head and thorax punctured, the thorax
more finely so than the head; clypeus covered with
silvery hairs; thorax as wide as the head; division
between the mesothorax and scutellum consute; meta-
thorax longitudinally rugose at the base, not sulcate down
the centre, basal area indicated by a narrowly-impressed
line surrounding it, sides of the metathorax beyond this
line rugose, apex below it somewhat shining and sulcate ;
abdomen finely punctured, covered with a short decum-
bent greyish pubescence ; apical segment in the @ flat-
tened above and carinated at the sides, coarsely punc-
tured and covered above with short golden hairs ; posterior
tibie spinose, especially inthe @?.
Length 7—8 mill.
Hab.—Common on Umbellifere, &¢., in many places,
in July.
98. Panzeri, VY. de Lind. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux.
Ver p 69.
Very like the preceding, but black without the bronzy
tint. Both sexes may be known from it by the wider
head, which is decidedly wider than the thorax.
The g¢ may be known besides by the entirely black
thorax, by the strong spine on the cheek beneath, and
the yellow mandibles; the @ by the yellow mandibles,
and clear yellow scape, tibiz, and tarsi, a yellow spot on
each side of the collar, tubercles, and sometimes a spot
on the scutellum. In this species the yellow seems to
predominate in the ?, in the preceding in the 3.
Leneth 7—8 mill.
Hab.—Rare. Darenth, Birch Wood, Weybridge, Isle
of Wight, &e.
298 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
29. clypeatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. xi.i. p. 945. Fig.
Panz. Faun. Germ. 46, 5 (vexillatus) = vexillatus,
V. de Lind., &c.
Black ; the scape of the antenne in front, and two
large lateral spots on each of the 1st four abdominal
seoments, a continuous band on the others, the anterior
and intermediate legs in the ¢, except the anterior
femora beneath, the posterior tibie and tarsi, except a
triangular spot on the former, yellow; the @? has the
femora of all the legs black, except at the extreme apex ;
the tibiz and tarsi yellow ; beneath in ¢ with a quadrate
yellow spot on the 2nd segment, and a narrow band on the
3rdof thesame colour. Headdeeply punctured, triangular,
and constricted posteriorly from the vertex into a narrow
neck in the 3, the face very narrow between the eyes,
large and quadrate in the @, sides of the head very
hairy in the 3; thorax very largely and deeply punctured,
much constricted in front in the ¢ and elongate; pro-
thorax in the ? with its anterior angles spinose ; meta-
thorax rugose in both sexes, with a wide central crenate
line; abdomen largely and coarsely punctured ; apical
segment inthe ? very narrow and acuminate, and deeply
sulcate ; front tarsiin the ¢ much dilated, the 1st joint
with a large subquadrate patella.
Length 9—10 mill.
Hab.—Weybridge, F. Smith. I havea ¢ and ? from
Shuckard’s collection without note of locality.
OxyseLus, Latr. (Pl. VIII. fig. 47).
Prec. Caract. Gen. Ins. p. 129.
Differs from the other genera of this family in having
the submarginal cell confluent with the discoidal cell,
i. e., only separated from it by a very indistinct nervure,
the scutellum bearing a wing-like appendage on each
side, and the metathorax a curved spine near the base.
(2) 1. Abdomen covered with long silvery pubescence .. mucronatus.
(1) 2. Abdomen not covered with silvery pubescence.
(4) 3. Mandibles yellow ye at Ee ae -. mandibularis.
(3) 4. Mandibles black.
(6) 5. Segments of the body less une Pyrenees legs
entirely black in @ 3 sie +. nigripes.
(5) 6. Segments of the body more finely panetared’ legs
not entirely black in 9 .. Bc oN .. uniglumis.
TTeteroqgyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera. 299
I have omitted the following species, described by
Shuckard and Smith as British, as their claims to a place
in our fauna seem to me to rest on yery doubtful
authority :— bellicosus, Oliv., 14-notatus, Oliv., nigri-
corns, Shuck., bipunctatus, Oliv., and nigroeneus, Shuck.
1. wniglumis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p. 578.
Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 64, 14.
Black; antenne towards the apex, beneath fulvous ;
thorax with the tubercles in the @ pale, and the tegule
in both sexes; abdomen with a whitish spot on each
side of the 1st and 2nd segments of the g and of
each of the segments of, the 2 except the 6th; legs
with the tibie and tarsi fulvous, and the extreme apex of
the femora inthe @. Head and thorax rugosely pune-
tured, covered with short hairs, those on the face, in front
of the antenne, bright silvery; wings subhyaline, nervures
pale; scutellum with a central carina ; wing-like appen-
dages of the post-scutellum pale, subtriangular, acute ;
spine of the metathorax short and rounded at the apex ;
metathorax traversed by fine elevated lines, basal area
defined by an elevated line intersecting these others,
sides with an elevated ridge running nearly parallel to
the sides of the basal area; abdomen dull in the ¢g,
shining in the ?, its puncturation very fine and close,
especially on the 2nd and following segments, its sur-
face covered with short grey hairs, longer in the ¢ than
the ?; tibie and tarsi with pale spines.
Length 6—9 mill.
Hab.—Common in many sandy places, and generally
distributed.
2. mandibularis, Dom. Hym. Eur. i. p. 514.
3 closely allied to the above, but having the mandibles
flavous at the base and rufescent at the apex, the spots
of the abdomen of a more distinct yellow, and the punc-
turing of the segments, especially of the 2nd and follow-
ing, much stronger, and more scattered ; thorax with the
tubercles and a spot on each side of the collar flavous ;
the femora are black, with their apices pale, and the front
tarsi are broadly flavous beneath ; the tibiz flavous, more
or less reddish at their extremities, the Ist and 2nd
pairs with a streak behind, and the 3rd with a broad band
near the apex, black ; tarsi rufescent.
Length 6 mill.
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—paRt IV. (DEC.) 2H
300 Mr. Ei. Saunders’ Synopsis of British
Hab.—Littlehampton, one g; one g, C. W. Dale;
and one 3, loc. ?,J. B. Bridgman. Lonly know the ¢ of
this species. According to Thomson the ? also should
have pale mandibles, and the 2nd ventral segment of the
abdomen very closely and finely punctured in the middle.
8. nigripes, Oliv. Eneycel. Meth. vii. p. 596.
? differs from either of the preceding in having the
metathoracic spine narrow and truncate at the apex, the
abdomen spotted only on the Ist and 2nd segments, and
the legs black, with the exception of the front tibia,
which are fulvous, as well as all the tarsi, the other tibiz
very narrowly pale at the base.
Length 8 mill.
One specimen, ?, taken by Mr. 8. Stevens in Devon-
shire.
4, mucronatus, Fab. Ent. Syst. u. p. 800. Fig. Smith
Brit. Foss. Hym. pl. i. fig. 6 = argentatus, Cur.
= ferox, Shuck.
Recognisable at once by the fine, narrow, pointed meta-
thoracic spine and the silvery pubescence with which the
entire insect is covered; the ¢ with a lateral spot on
each of the 1st five segments of the abdomen; 2 witha
transverse spot on each side of the 1st three segments,
anda band on the 4th and 5th.
Length 8—9 mill.
Hab.—Bristol; Liverpool; Deal; &c. Not common.
Feterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera.
Agenia
bifasciata, FE.
punctum, F,
variegata, L.
Alyson
lunicornis, KF,
Ammophila
afinis, K :
campestris, Ltr.
hirsuta, Se.
lutaria, F. .
sabulosa, L.
viatica, L .
Aporus
bicolor, Sin, :
bicolor, Shuck. .
unicolor, Sp.
Arpactus . :
tumidus, Pz.
Asemorhoptrum c
lippulum, Nyl. .
Astata
boops, Sch.
stigma, Pz.
Celia
Cemonus .
lethifer, Shuck. .
unicolor, V. da. L.
Ceratophorus
anthracinus, Sm.
morio, V.d. L. .
Cerceridee
Cerceris j
arenaria, L. “
ees Shee
labiata,
ornata, = j
quadricincta, Sh.
quinquefasciata, Ross.
sabulosa, Pz.
Ceropales. :
maculata, F.
variegata, Ltr. .
Crabro . A
albilabris . ‘
ambiguus, Dhlb.
anxius, Wesm. .
aphidum, St. F.
bimaculatus, St. F.
brevis, V.d.L. .
capitosus, Sh.
cephalotes, Pz. .
cetratus, Sh.
troglody ytes, Shuck.
END eS
. 244
. 244
. 245
. 244
. 266
- 266
. 247
. 249
. 248 |
. 248
5 EA)
~ RT
. 248
5 Bil
. 231 |
. 231
5 Pail
. 265
- 260 |
ee oiler
5 Baily
5
. 203
. 200
5 Put
9)
. 260
a" 4
So oo On
~
. 276
chrysostomus, St. F.. 295
\
Crabro
clavipes, L.
clypeatus, L.
cribrarius, L.
dimidiatus, F.
301
. 279
. 282
. 298
. 293
. 290
elongatulus, V. d. L. . 289
exiguus, Sh. 6 . 288
geniculatus, Sh. . 292
gonager, St. F. . . 286
hyalinus, Shuck. . 289
interruptus, DeG. . 296
interstinctus, Sm. —.._- 292
leucostoma, L. . . 283
Lindenius, Sh. . . 296
luteipalpis, Sh. . . 289
obliquus, Sh... . 289
pallidipalpis, St. F. . 289
palmarius, Schr. . 286
palmipes, L. . ato
Panzeri, V. d. L. . 297
patellatus, Pz. . . 294
peltarius, Schr. . . 294
podagricus, V.d. L. . 284
propinquus, Sh.. . 289
proximus, Sh. . 289
pterotus, F. c . 294
pubescens, Sh. . . 284
quadrimaculatus, F, . 292
rufiventris, Pz. . . 282
scutatus, F. : . 286
scutellaris,Sm.. . 289
scutellatus, Schr. . 294
sexcinctus, Shuck. . 292
signatus, Pz. - 291
spinipectus, Sh. . 288
subpunctatus, V. d. vf 292
tarsatus, Sh. . 287
tibialis, L. Fs . 282
transversalis, Sh. . 289
vagabundus, Pz. . 291
vagus, L. . 5 . 295
varius, St. F. . . 288
vestitus, Sm. . 280
vexillatus, Pz. . 298
Walkeri, Sh. . 5 Piss
Wesmaeli, V.d. L. . 289
xylurgus, Sh. . 295
Crabronide. 5 OY
Didineis . . 266
Kennedii, Curt. . 266
lunicornis, F, . 266
Dinetus . 251
pictus, F. . . 251
Diodontus . 255
luperus, Sh. . 256
302
Synopsis of British
Mr. E. Saunders’
Diodontus ; ;. 255
minutus, F. 255
tristis; Ved. i: 256
Diploptera : . 202
Entomognathus : 279
brevis, V.d. L. . 279
Evagethes : 231
bicolor, St. F. 5) BBL
Formica . 203
alienus, oars. . 209
brunnea, Sm. . 209
congerens, Nyl.. 205
cunicularia, Ltr. . 206
exsecta, Nyl. . 206
flavus, DeG. Z 210
fuliginosus, Ltr. . 208
fusca, L. . 5 OM
gagates, Ltr. . 207
misra, L. . . 208
TU sie a 7 20:
sanguinea, Nyl.. 205
umbrata, Ny. . 209
Formicide . 203
Fossores . . 223
Gorytes . . 269
bicinctus, Rossi. ~ 272
campestris, St. F. . 270
Fargeti, Shuck. . 270
laticinctus, Sh. . a ifal
mystaceus, L. . - 269
quadrifasciatus, F, . 271 |
Harpactus é - 265
tumidus . é » PXas)
Hoplisus . : : ke): |
bicinetus 272
laticinctus. 5 5 2AG
quadrifasciatus . Sie
Larride . 249
Lasius 207
alienus, Foerst . 209
flavus, DeG. 5 210
fuliginosus, Ltr. 208
niger, L. : 208
umbratus, Nyl. . 209
Leptothorax : . 218
acervorum, F. . a BY
Nylanderi, Foerst. 219 |
unifasciatus, Ltr. P10)
Mellinus . j 5, pe) |
arvensis, L. A Sie
sabulosus, F. . 273
Methoca . . 227
ichneumonides, ‘Ltr, & El
Mimesa . é 6 PAGE
bicolor, Jur: . 5 Play
Dahlbomi, Wesm. . 263
equestris, V.d.L. . 262
equestris, Shuck. . 262
Shuckardi, Wesm. . 262
Mimesa .
unicolor, V. d. i
Mimesidee . :
Miscophus
bicolor, Jur.
maritimus, Sm.
Miscus . é
campestris, "Ltrs.
Monomorium
pharaonis, L.
Mutilla é
ephippium, F.
Europea, L.
rufipes, F
Mutillide. 5
Myrmecina. :
Latreillei, Cur. .
Myrmica . :
acervorum, F.
cespitum, L.
fugax, Ltr.
levigata, Sm. .
leevinodis, Nyl. .
lippula, Nyl.
lobicornis, Nyl..
molesta, Sm...
Nylanderi, Foerst.
ruginodis, Nyl. .
scabrinodis, Nyl.
simillima, Sm. .
sulcinodis, Nyl..
Westwoodii, St..
Myrmicidz
Myrmosa .
melanocephala, E.
Nysson
dimidiatus, Jur.
guttatus, Sh.
interruptus, Ltr.
spinosus, FF...
trimaculatus, Ross.
Nyssonidee : 5
Oxybelus . 5 :
argentatus, Cur.
bellicosus, Ol.
bipunctatus, Ol.
ferox, Shuck. .
mandibularis, Dhlb. .
mucronatus, F..
nigricornis, Shuck.
nigripes, Oliv.
nigrowneus, Shuck.
14-notatus, Oliv.
uniglumis, L. .
Passaleecus é
corniger, Shuck.
gracilis, Cur.
insignis, MWercle 1b:
monilicornis, Dhlb.
261
263
261
250
. 250
251
247
248
222
Ee:
7224
. 225
» 225
225
. 224
. 213
219
. 218
. 221
. 223
. 215
217
. 216
. 222
. 219
. 214
215
. 215
216
. 213
- 226
. 226
= On
269
. 269
. 268
267
. 268
. 265
298
. 300
299
. 299
. 300
299
300
- 299
. 300
. 299
299
299
. 206
. 257
. 268
. 258
. 258
P. 257
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera.
Pemphredon .
lethifer, Shuek. .
luctuosus, Shuck.
lugubris, 15
morio, V.d. L.
unicolor,:V: Wek ibe
Pemphredonida
Philanthus
triangulum, E. .
Pompilus.
acuminatus, Sm.
affinis, V.d. L.
agilis, Shuck.
approximatus, Sm.
bifasciatus, F.
cellularis, Th.
chalybeatus, Schdte. .
. 233
. 235
cinctellus, Sp.
consobrinus, Dhlb.
crassicornis, Shuck. .
5 PET
. 245
. 235 |
. 236 |
. 243
. 239 |
5 BIT
5 Bee
4 Bab) |
. 288
5 ES
+ ROH:
. 234
. 245
. 233
. 240
. 236
> 207 ||
. 286
. 244
3230
. 287
5 PML
7 212
exaltatus, F.
fasciatellus, Shuck.
fuscus, Sm.
gibbus, L..
hyalinatus, F.
melanarius, Bold.
minutulus, Dhlb.
niger, F.
notatus, Ross.
pectinipes, V. d. L.
petiolatus, Shuck.
plumbeus, F..
pulcher, Shuck. .
punctum, F.
rufipes, L..
sepicola, Sm.
sericatus, Shuck.
spissus, Schdte.
trivialis, Dhlb.
variegatus, L.
viaticus, L.
Wesmaeli, Th.
Ponera
contracta, Tite,
punctatissima, Roq. .
. 212
5 ila
tarda, Ch..
Poneride .
. 259
. 260
. 259
. 259
. 260
. 260
» 208
- 206
> Ue
. 232
. 238
. 241 |
Ee)
. 209
. 244
. 237
236
238
212
Priocnemis ;
affinis, V. d. Ty, C
exaltatus, F.
fuscus, L. .
hyalinatus, F.
notatus, Ross.
obtusiventris, Schdte.
parvulus, Dhlb.
pusillus, Schdte.
sepicola, Sm.
Psen .
ater, F.
atratus, Pz.
allipes, Pz.
Sapyga :
clavicornis, L.
5-punctata, L.
Scoliidse :
Solenopsis, West.
fugax, Ltr.
Sphegide .
Spilomena
troglodytes, Shuck.
Stenamma :
Westwoodi, Steph.
Stigmus
pendulus, Pz.
Tachytes .
pectinipes, L.
pompiliformis, Sm.
unicolor, Pz.
Tapinoma
erratica, Ltr.
nitens, Mayr.
polita, Sm.
Tetramorium
cespitum, L.
Kollari, Mayr.
lippulum, Nyl. .
Tiphia :
femorata, F.
minuta, V. d. iG
Trypoxylon
attenuatum, Sm.
clavicerum, St. F.
figulus, L.
, line 3 and line 7
ERRATA.
from top, for mesopleurs read mesopleura.
303
. 239
. 241
. 241
. 240
. 243
242
242
. 243
. 242
. 240
. 263
. 263
» 264
. 264
. 228
. 229
. 228
. 229
220
. 221
. 247
. 253
. 254
. 216
. 216
. 254
. 254
. 249
. 249
. 249
. 250
. 210
. 210
5 PAUL
. 211
. 217
. 218
. 216
. 229
. 230
. 230
- 277
. 278
278
. 278
Be 261, line 4 and line 5 from bottom, for mesopleurz read mesopleura.
_"
Ks)
aI Or He So
( 304
)
EXPLANATION OF Puate VIII., Fie. 41.
Giving nomenclature of nervures and cells.
Costal cell.
Externo-medial cell.
Interno-medial cell.
Anal cell.
Marginal cell.
Ist submarginal cell.
2nd *
3rd ie
4th e
. Ist discoidal cell.
. 2nd *
. ord 3
. Ist apical cell.
. 2nd 5
Costal nervure.
Post-costal nervure.
Externo-medial nervure.
Anal nervure.
Posterior margin.
Stigma.
Radial nervure.
. Apical margin.
. Externo-medial nervure
(extension of c.)
j. Transverse medial nervure.
ke
Discoidal nervure.
l. External nerve of Ist submar-
ginal cell.
. External nerve of 2nd submar-
ginal cell.
. External nerve of 3rd submar-
ginal cell.
Cubital nervure.
1st recurrent nervure.
2nd oF
Subdiscoidal cell.
305)
XVII. On a Collection of Hemiptera from Japan.
By Joun Scorv.
[Read December Ist, 1880.]
In my former paper published in the Ann. & Mag. of
Nat. Hist., vol. xiv. (1874), I called attention, in the list
given at the commencement, to certain species about
whose names I was then uncertain. Since that time |
have determined them, and below give the results. In
addition to these I have also added a few more genera
and species received by me from Mr. George Lewis, after
the publication of the paper above referred to, and,
having fully investigated them, I am able to add one
new genus and a few new species.
HEMIPTERA—HETEROPTERA.*
Fam. Popopips.
Scotinophora scutellata, n. sp.
ny tarsalis, Scott.
This insect has been renamed S. Scottit by Dr. Horvath
in a Hungarian publication, as the name tarsalis had
been used by 8. von Vollenhoven in his Faun. Ind.
Néerl. i. p. 42, 3, pl. 3, f. 8 (1868), of which I was not
aware until my attention was called to the fact.
Fam. Asopipm.
Asopus japonensis, N. sp.
Fam. CypNipm.
thus palliditarsus, nu. sp.
Fam. Hatypip.
Stollia guttigera, Thunb.
Fam. PENTATOMID.
Alcimus japonensis, n. sp.
* The Homopterous portion will form a separate paper.
TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1880.— PART IV. (DKC.)
306 Mr. John Scott on a
Fam: PHYLLOCEPHALIDE.
Tetroda listeroides, Fab.
Fam. M&e@yMEenipa.
Megymenus spinosus, Burm.
This is the insect mentioned in my former paper
about which I was in doubt.
Fam. STENOCEPHALIDA.
Paraplesius wnicolor, Scott.
This insect must be removed from the Coreide, where
it stands in my former paper, and placed in this family.
Fam. Lyamipa.
Pamera picta, Nn. sp.
Fam. Pyrruocorip™.
Physopelta cincticollis, Stal.
Pyrrhocoris coriaceus, Scott.
This insect is also described by Stal in his Enum.
Hemip., part 5, p. 168 (1874) under the name of P.
tibialis, and, being older than mine, must be substituted
for it.
Fam. Capsipm.
Calocoris tricolor, n. sp.
This is the genus Dereocoris of my former paper.
Fam. TInGIpipm.
Lepotdictya, Stal ?
Ms Lewisi, n. sp.
Fam. Harpacrorip&.
Trantha armipes, Stal.
Fam. Repuvip#.
Acanthaspis cincticrus, Stal.
Fam. Prratipm.
Pirates cinctiventris, Horvath.
Surthenea flavipes, Stal.
Collection of Hemiptera from Japan. 307
Fam. Nasipa.
Dacnister, nov. gen.
* Jlavescens, 1. sp.
Fam. GERRIDE.
Gerris paludum, Fab.
Family Poporipm.
Genus ScotrnopHora, Stal.
Scotinophora scutellata.
Luteous, dull, somewhat thickly and regularly brown
punctured. Pronotum, anterior angles produced into an
almost equilateral angular tooth, lateral mar gins sloping
almost evenly towards the posterior angles “and termi-
nating in a stout tooth, disc with a small bone-white
elevation at the inner angle of the callosities. Scutellum
with a pitchy-black funnel- shaped patch extending from
the base to about the centre, lateral margins slightly
convex, basal angles with a small bone-white spot.
Head black, thickly punctured. Face, central lobe
viewed from the side slightly concave, shorter than the
side lobes, which are somewhat reflexed, apex of the
latter scarcely acute, with an almost square notch between
them. Antenne piceous. Thorax.—Pronotum, anterior
half dull black, punctured, with a distinct callosity on
each side of the centre, at the inner angles of the posterior
margin of which is a small bone-white elevation ; pos-
terior half luteous, somewhat thickly and irregularly
brown punctured. Scutellum luteous, slightly shining,
irregularly brown punctured, with a large deeply-punce-
tured funnel-shaped pitchy-black patch extending across
the anterior margin and having its apex near the centre,
adjoining the basal angles a small bone-white callus;
apical and side margins narrowly purplish brown. Hlytra
somewhat purplish brown, irregularly punctured. Legs
black. Tithe clothed with short hairs having a white
appearance in certain lights. 'arsi dull yellow, terminal
joint above brownish. Claws dark brown.
Length 23 lines barely.
Easily separated from all the other species of the
genus by the two bone-white elevations on the pronotum,
and the pitchy-black funnel-shaped patch on the scu-
tellum, bounded on each side at the base by a bone-white
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—pPaRtT IV. (DEC.) 21
308 Mr. John Scott on a
callus. Probably, when in fine condition, the upper
surface will be found to have a polinose appearance.
I possess a single example only.
Family Asoripa.
Genus Asopus, Burm.
Asopus japonensis.
Scarlet. Head finely wrinkled transversely. Pronotwm
posteriorly finely punctured, the punctures running
transversely in short irregular rows, giving to the dise a
slight rugose appearance ; “anterior mar ein with a narrow
black collar terminating on each side in a line with the
inner margin of the eyes; dise with a somewhat hatchet-
shaped black patch. Scutellum black, except the apex
and side margins, thickly but finely rugose-punctate.
Elytra thickly and somewhat deeply punctured; clavus
almost entirely, and a large nearly round spot on the
corium, black. Membrane piceous, witha yellowish margin.
Legs black, clothed with dark hairs which in certain
lights appear of a red-brown colour. Tarsi beneath
thickly clothed with yellowish hairs. Abdomen beneath
with a large somewhat semioval black spot on the sides of
each segment. /Zead scarlet, finely wrinkled transversely,
side margins very much reflexed, rounded in front, and
gradually widening until reaching the anterior inner
margin of the eyes, where they contract; posterior margin
narrowly blackish, with an indistinct longitudinal reddish
line on each side near the ocelli. Antenne black, thickly
clothed with very short hairs which in certain lights
appear of a red-brown colour; 1st joint underneath, at
the base, scarlet; apex narrowly white, apices of the
2—4 at the insertion of the joints white. Hyes reddish
brown. — Thorax.—Pronotum scarlet, finely punctured
posteriorly, the punctures running transversely in short
irregular rows, giving to the dise a shght rugose appear
ance; lateral margins very much reflexed, contracted
near the middle; anterior margin with a narrow black
collar terminating on each side in a line with the inner
margin of the eyes; dise with a somewhat hatchet-shaped
black patch, having a rather indistinct and irregular
channel across the middle. Scutellum black, thickly but
somewhat finely rugose-punctate, with a central keel
springing from near the middle and terminating a little
before the apex ; apex, a narrow line down the middle of
Collection of Heniptera from Japan. 309
the central keel, and the side margins scarlet. Hlytra
scarlet, thickly and somewhat deeply punctured ; lateral
margins very much reflexed, and terminating a little
way “before the apex. Clavus black; base, apex, inner
margin, and suture scarlet. Coriwm, dise with a large
almost round black spot having its lower mar on almost
in a line with the apex of the scutellum. Membrane
piceons, with a yellowish margin. Legs black, clothed
with dark hairs which in certain lights appear of a red-
brown colour. T'wrsi beneath thickly clothed with short
yellowish hairs. Abdomen beneath scarlet on the sides,
shghtly shading into yellowish towards the middle, on
the side of each segment next the anterior margin a
large somewhat semioval black spot; posterior margin
of each seoment between the extremities of the spots very
narrowly black.
Length 8} lines.
A fine species, which at first sight might be taken for
a huge Lygeus of the familiaris type, and thus easily
recognised. There were two specimens given to me by
Mr. George Lewis, after the publication of my previous
paper.
Family Cypnipm.
Genus Airnus, Dall.
Aithus palliditarsus.
Black, shining. Head on each side somewhat coarsely
punctured. Antenne brownish. Pronotum with a row
of minute punctures, running parallel with the anterior
margin, sides, and a few rows running parallel with the
posterior margin; disc and posterior margin shining.
Scutelluom somewhat coarsely punctured, except a lunate
patch at the base. Hlytra somewhat thickly punctured,
the punctures becoming finer as they approach the apex.
Membrane yellow. Legs pitchy-brown. Tarsi pale
brownish yellow. Head black, shining, somewhat
coarsely punztured on each side of the central lobe.
Ocelli pale. Antenne brownish, apex of the joints
brownish yellow. T'horax.—Pronotum black, shining,
with a row of minute punctures a little within, and
running parallel with, the anterior margin, and termi-
nating nearly in a line with the inner margin of the eyes,
where the punctures are slightly coarser and disposed
irregularly ; lateral margins with a few pitchy-coloured
310 Mr. John Scott on a
hairs; dise and posterior margin shining, the latter
somewhat piceous, sides and a few irregular rows of
punctures running parallel with the posterior margin.
Scutellum somewhat coarsely but not densely punctured,
except a lunate patch at the base. Hlytra somewhat
thickly punctured, the punctures becoming finer as
they approach the apex of the corium. Membrane yellow.
Legs pitchy-brown. Tarsi pale brownish yellow. Ab-
domen beneath dull black, thickly and finely punctured,
at the apex with a few pitchy-coloured hairs.
Length 14 line.
Many of the species of this genus are so much alike
that it is difficult to distinguish them by the most minute
description; and I confess that, although I have described
the insect under the above name, Iam in doubt, because
Dr. Snellen van Vollenhoven, in his Faun. Ind. Néerl.,
lil., p. 17, 2 (1868), described a species under the name
of 44. pallidicornis, which in many points agrees with the
above. I wrote to him for the loan of an example, for
comparison, but unfortunalely he died, and so I never
received it. I have only a single example, but without
note of locality.
Family Pentaromipm.
Genus Aucimus, Dall.
Alcimus japonensis.
Flavous, thickly black-punctured, the punctures run-
ning in short, irregular, confused, frequently-curved
strie. Head almost perpendicular; base of the central
lobe, with a round unpunctured space, and a narrow,
longitudinal stripe on either side, also unpunctured ; next
the inner margin of each eye a somewhat reniform flavous
patch. Antenne pitchy-brown. Pronotum, posterior
angles reflexed and produced into a spine having an
acute tooth a little way before the apex of the anterior
margin. Scutellum with a flavous spot within each
basal angle. Coriwm, nerves pale flavous. Membrane
brown. Legs flavous. Thighs with pitchy-brown pune-
tures, except the base and apex. T%bie brownish yellow.
Tarsi piceous, 1st joint underneath thickly clothed with
short pale yellowish hairs. Abdomen underneath flavous,
sides faintly punctured, the punctures fading before
reaching the middle, down which is a broadish pitchy-
black streak ; genital segment pitchy-black. Head
flavous, almost perpendicular, thickly black-punctured.
Collection of Hemiptera from Japan. Sil
Crown with a round unpunctured space at the base of the
central lobe; next the inner margin of each eye a somewhat
reniform flavous patch. Face with a narrow unpunctured
stripe on each side of the central lobe. Antenne pitchy-
brown. Thorax.—Pronotum flavous, thickly — black-
punctured, the punctures running in short, irregular,
confused, frequently-curved striz; lateral margins at
the base with a pale flavous elongate, elevated patch ;
posterior angles reflexed and produced into a spine
having an acute tooth a little way before the apex of the
anterior margin; surface between the tooth and the apex
black, faintly channeled. Scutellum flavous, thickly
black-punctured, the punctures runnine in _ short,
irregular, confused, frequently-curved strive ; within the
basal angles a meone spot. Hlytra.—Corium, nerves
pale flavous, unpunctured; disc black-punctured, the
strie running longitudinally. Membrane brown. Legs
flavous. Thighs shehtly clothed with yellowish hairs
and with pitchy-brown punctures; base, apex, and a
narrow longitudinal streak on the under side unpunctured.
Tibie flavous, with a brown tinge, with a few yellowish
hairs. Tarst piceous; Ist joint underneath thickly
clothed with short pale yellow hairs. Abdomen under-
neath flavous, sides faintly punctured, the punctures
fading before reaching the middle, down which is a
broadish pitchy-black ‘streak ; on the sides of each seg-
ment is a more or less distinct pitchy-black [L- shaped
character; genital segment pitchy-black.
Length 3h lines. Expansion across the spines 33 lines.
Dr. Stal, in his Knumeratio Hemipterorum, part 5,
p- 88 (1876), describes a species from Dekan under the
name of A. coronatus, to which the insect just described
bears a great resemblance; but the differences in the
coloration of the antenne, the characters on the pro-
notum, the differences in the expansion across the
posterior angles of the latter, as compared with the
length, will sufficiently enable anyone to separate them.
I have only a single example, but have no note of locality.
Family Lyemipm.
Genus Pammra, Say.
Pamera picta.
Ochreous, slightly shining, thickly but finely brown-
punctured. Head pitchy -black. Antenne yellowish ;
312 Mr. John Scott on a
1st joint projecting half its length in front of the head.
Pronotum pitchy-black, deeply constricted beyond the
middle, anterior portionsomewhat annular, unpunctured ;
posterior portion punctured; hinder angles slghtly
raised. Scutellum pitchy-black, punctured on each side
of the central keel. Hlytra ochreous, finely brown-
punctured. Cortwn with a whitish triangular patch
near the inner margin in a line with the apex of the
clavus. Membrane pale, with short brown streaks between
the nerves. Thighs, 1st pair incrassated, toothed, black ;
apex yellow; 2nd and 8rd yellow, black at the apex.
Abdomen underneath pitchy-black. Head pitchy-black,
not shining, about as long as wide across the eyes.
Crown convex. Antenne yellowish, 1st joint projecting
one-half its length in front of the head; 2nd and 8rd
almost equal in length; 4th brown, nearly as long as the
1st and 2nd together. Thorax.—Pronotum pitchy-black,
shghtly shining, with a narrow collar in front, deeply
constricted beyond the middle; anterior portion some-
what annular, unpunctured; posterior portion finely
punctured; hinder angles’ shghtly raised. Sceutellum
pitchy-black, punctured on each side of the central keel.
Elytra ochreous, slightly shining, thickly but finely
brown-punctured ; inner margin from below the apex of
the scutellum very narrowly whitish yellow. Coriuwm
ochreous, slightly shining, thickly but finely brown-
punctured, with a whitish triangular patch near the
inner margin, in a line with the apex of the clavus.
Membrane pale, with short brown streaks between the
nerves. Legs pale yellow. Thighs, 1st pair incrassated,
toothed, black, apex pale yellow; 2nd pale yellow,
narrowly black before the apex; 3rd pale yellow, broadly
black at the apex. Tvbie pale yellow, 2nd and 8rd pairs
very narrowly brown at the base. T'arsi pale yellow;
3rd jomt and claws brown. Abdomen underneath
pitchy-black.
Length 2 lines.
I possess two specimens,—one labelled Japan, the
other China,—which so very much resemble each other,
that I am inclined to think they may be the same,
although the Chinese one has a_ slightly narrower
appearance, and the two hinder pairs of legs pale,
Collection of Hemiptera from Japan. 313
Family Capsipm.
Genus Canocoris, Fieb.
Calocoris tricolor.
Brownish yellow, sparingly clothed with fine, silky,
appressed yellow hairs. Head reddish chestnut. Crown
with a depression between the eyes divided by a short,
central, longitudinal channel terminating before reaching
the base. Pronotum dark chestnut-brown, finely wrinkled
transversely trom the posterior margin to as far as the
callosities, behind which is a depression. Scutellwm
pitchy-brown. Elytra brownish yellow. Cuneus red.
Legs reddish yellow. Tibie, 8rd pair red. Head reddish
chestnut, darkest on the crown. Crown with a depression
between the eyes divided by a short, central, longitudinal
channel terminating before reaching the base. Antenne,
Ist joint reddish yellow; 2nd pale yellowish, base
narrowly reddish, apical half reddish, gradually becoming
darker to the apex; 3rd reddish brown, broadly y ellowish,
or yellowish white at the base; 4th aes brown, fees
and apex yellowish or yellowish white. Hyes brown-pink.
Thorax.—Pronotum dark chestnut-brown, finely wrinkled
transversely from the posterior margin to as far as the
callosities, behind which is a depression. Scutellum
pitchy-brown. lytra brownish yellow, sparingly clothed
with fine, silky, appressed yellow hairs, each hair set
upon a very minute granule. Coriwm, nerves inclined to
a reddish brown. Cuneus red, shading into brownish as
it approaches the base; sparingly clothed with fine,
silky, appressed yellow hairs, each hair set upon a very
minute granule. Membrane with a brownish yellow hue:
cell nerves brown or brown-red; below the apex of the
cuneus is a pale narrow ‘triangular patch, and underneath
it a dark one. Legs reddish yellow. Thighs of all the
pais reddish yellow. Tilie, 1st pair pale yellow, base
narrowly reddish; 2nd pale yellow, basal one-third reddish
yellow, spimose hairs reddish; 8rd red, spinose hairs
darker. Tarsi of all the pairs yellow, apex of the 8rd
joint and claws reddish. Abdomen wanting.
Length 33 lines.
I do not possess, nor have I seen, any species with
which I could make a comparison between it and the
insect now described; but the characters on the antenne,
the red cuneus, and tibiz of the 8rd pair of legs, should
render it easy to be recognised. I referred to this insect
314 Mr. John Scott on a
under the generic name of Dereocoris in my former
paper. No locality is given with the insect in my
possession.
Family Trnerpipa.
Genus Lreptopictya, Stal ’
Leptodictya Lewist.
Pale ashy-grey. Antenne pale yellowish grey, apex of
the terminal joint blackish. Hyes bright red. Pronotum
side margins overlapped and produced into large bladder-
like processes covered with meshes; hood somewhat
large, covered with meshes. Hlytra gradually widening
to the middle of the marginal nerve, from thence to
before the apex concave, apex rounded; marginal nerve
reflexed with three rows of meshes, the two inner rows
small and somewhat uniform in size, the outer one large
and irregular, except at the fuscous- black middle, where
there are three smaller ones somewhat square in shape
and about equal to each other in size; alternate meshes
V- or U-shaped; marginal nerve with three fuscous-black
spots before and four beyond the middle. Membrane
meshes becoming larger as they approach the apex.
Head pale yellowish white, spines pale yellowish white.
Antenne pale yellowish grey, apex of the terminal joint
black. Eyes bright red. Thorax.—Pronotum ashy-grey,
side margins overlapped and produced into large bladder-
like smoke-coloured processes covered with meshes, the
latter largest on the summit, and of an irregular
pentagonal form; hood somewhat large, covered “with
meshes. EHlytra ashy- -erey, cradually widening from the
base to the middle of the marginal nerve, from thence
harrowing and concave to before the apex, which is
rounded; marginal field reflexed, with three rows of
meshes, the two inner rows small and somewhat uniform
in size, the outer one large and irregular, except at the
middle, where there are three smaller meshes somewhat
square in shape and about equal to each other in size;
middle with a fuscous-black patch, alternate meshes
V- or U-shaped; marginal nerve with three black spots
before, and four beyond, the middle; apex rounded,
bordered with black; cells acute at the base and apex,
meshes somewhat regular, increasing in number trans-
versely until they reach the middle, where there are four
inarow. Membrane meshes gradually enlarging towards
the apex; inner marginal row largest, square-shaped,
Collection of Hemiptera from Japan. 315
and somewhat uniform in size. Legs ashy-grey. Tarsi,
apex of the terminal joint brownish. Abdomen under-
neath yellow.
Length 13 line.
In the form and development of the overlapped sides
of the pronotum this insect resembles the Monanthia
monstrosa of my former paper, and belongs to the same
group. In his Rio. Hem. (1860), Dr. Stal described five
species with nearly identical characters to those of M.
monstrosa and the insect now described, which he referred
to the above genus; but subsequently, in his ‘Knumeratio
Hemipterorum,’ ili., 127 (1873), he transferred them to
that of Leptodictya, a name which he created for their
reception. As I do not possess an actual type of this
genus, and also because the species are all from Rio,
[ am not perfectly certain that my insects belong here ;
and so I have given his name with a doubt. I only
possess a single example.
Family Napipm.
Genus DacnistER.*
Head viewed from above, exclusive of the eyes, elongate,
somewhat hexagonal, the part in front of the eyes longer
than from the anterior margin of the latter to the base.
Hyes moderate. Antenne, 1st joint shortest, reaching to
about one-half its length before the anterior margin of
the head; 2nd clavate, about one-half longer than the
1st ; 3rd longest; 4th equal to the 2nd. Rostrum long ;
1st joint stout, about as broad as long; 2nd elongate, at
least 24 times as long as the Ist; 8rd equal to the 2nd.
Thorax.—Pronotum somewhat long, flattish convex lon-
gitudinally, as long as or slightly longer than the breadth
measured on the posterior margin; lateral margins
almost straight, gradually widening to the posterior
angles; anterior margin straight; posterior margin
very slightly concave. Hlytra.—Membrane (apparently)
without cell-hooks. Legs.—Thighs, 1st pair thick, upper
margin convex, lower margin with a stout tooth in the
middle; 2nd and 38rd pairs simple. Tbie, Ist pair
considerably dilated before the apex, then tapering
towards the latter; extremities of the dilation somewhat
flat on the sides, and produced into a short tooth; inner
margin concave, with two rows of minute serrations ;
* Aaxusorne, a stinger, a biter.
TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1880.—PART IV. (DEC.) 2k
316 Mr. John Scott on a
9nd and 3rd pairs simple. Tarsi, Ist and 2nd pairs
equal in length, 3rd longest.
Somewhat resembling the genus Metastemma, Serv., in
shape and some of its characters, and in others to that
of Allworhyncus, Fieb., to which it 1s most nearly allied.
The eyes, however, are not so prominent as in the last
named, and the 2nd pair of thighs are simple on the
under side. Like Allworhyncus it is very diminutive in
stature.
Dacnister flavescens.
Buff, with a dull velvety appearance. Head black,
anterior margin brownish yellow. Antenne, 1st joint
projecting about half its length before the anterior
margin of the head; 2nd clavate, black, about one-half
longer than the 1st; 8rd longest; 4th equal to the 2nd.
Rostrum, 1st joint stout, about as long as broad; 2nd
and 3rd elongate, about equal in length. Pronotum buff,
anterior margin straight, posterior slightly concave,
lateral margins widening gradually to the posterior
angles. Scutellum black. Coriwm, anterior margin with
a border of short, fine, pale hairs; disc with a triangular
diaphanous white patch. Membrane fuscous-brown,
narrowly margined with yellowish white. Thighs, Ist
pair incrassated, upper margin convex, with a row of
longish fine, pale hairs; lower produced into a stout
acute tooth in the middle; 2nd and 8rd simple. Tuvbie,
1st pair considerably dilated before the apex, upper
margin convex, lower concave, with a double row of
minute serrations, extremities of the dilation flattish on
the sides, produced into a very short fine tooth; 2nd
and 8rd pairs simple. Head black, somewhat shining,
slightly convex, anterior margin brownish yellow. An-
tenn, 1st joint projecting about one-half its length before
the anterior margin of the head; 2nd clavate, black,
about one-half longer than the Ist, base narrowly
yellowish; 8rd longest, darkish brown; 4th yellowish,
equal to the 2nd. Rostrum, Ist jomt stout, yellowish,
about as long as broad, lateral margins piceous, some-
what convex; 2nd and 3rd elongate, yellow, about equal
in length.» Thorax.—Pronotum buff, with a dull velvety
appearance, anterior margin straight, posterior slightly
concave, lateral margins nearly straight, widening
gradually to the posterior angles, which are narrowly
rounded ; disc posteriorly slightly elevated, with an
Collection of Henuptera from Japan. 317
almost round black spot on each side, divided by a short
longitudinal channel. Scutellum black, side margins
slightly convex. ilytra buff, with a dull velvety appear-
ance. Corium, interior margin with a border of short,
fine, pale hairs; dise with a triangular diaphanous white
patch, nerves inclined to brown. Membrane fuscous,
brown, narrowly margined with yellowish white. Legs.
—Thighs, 1st pair yellow, incrassated, upper margin
convex, with a row of longish, fine, pale hairs, lower
margin produced into a stout acute tooth in the middle ;
2nd and 3rd pairs yellow, simple. Tibie, 1st pair yellow,
considerably dilated before the apex, upper margin
convex, lower concave, with a double row of minute
black serrations, extremities of the dilation flattish on
the sides, produced into a very short fine tooth; 2nd and
3rd pairs yellow, simple. T'wrsi of all the pairs yellow.
Abdomen above yellow inclned to ferruginous-brown,
beneath yellow. Connexivum buff.
Length 13 line.
I have only a single example, which I received from
Mr. George Lewis after the publication of my last paper.
Taken at Nagasaki.
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GhoalQos)
XVIII. Description of a New Species of the anomalous
genus Polyctenes.
By Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE.
[Read December Ist, 1880.]
(PuatE IX.)
I wave very much pleasure in bringing before the
Society’s notice a new species of the curious genus
Polyctenes.
The species of this genus may be divided into two
sections as follows :—
I. Posterior legs very long, as long as the whole
insect, the claws to their tarsi nearly equal,
with a small tooth at the base. American.
Type. P. fumarius.
II. Posterior legs comparatively short and thick,
about half the length of the entire insect,
having their claws unequal, one being nearly
simple, the other large, bent, and as if divided
into two by a deep incision. Old World.
Type. P. molossus.
To this second section belong my species, P. lyre and
P. spasme. (T. Ent. Soc. 1879, pp. 11 and 12).
The species which I am now about to describe belongs
to the first section, and is from Guatemala. I propose
to call it—
Polyctenes longiceps.
Very close to P. fumarius, Gigloli and Westw. (see
Westwood, ‘Thesaurus,’ pl. 88), but of a more elongate
and narrow form, and rather more pitchy yellow colour.
The character by which it may be most easily dis-
tinguished is the form of the head, which is distinctly
longer than its greatest width, whereas in P. fumarius
the head is broader than long. The ridges on the head
are similar to those in P. fumari us, but the punctuation
is stronger. ‘The thorax and elytra agree with those of
fumarius in general form, but are less short, and the
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1880.—PART IV. (DEC.)
320 New species of the anomalous genus Polyctenes.
punctuation is more pronounced. The abdomen is rather
closely and very strongly punctured.
Length 2 lines.
Hab.—Cajabon, Guatemala (IF. C. Sarg).
Two specimens found by my colleague, Mr. Oldfield
Thomas, on a bat, Molossus abrasus, Temminck.
The discovery of this species throws some light on the
affinity of these insects, as I notice that in these fresh
specimens the parts which in my former paper I called
the dorsal plates of the mesothorax, as they did not
seem to be separated from it, are distinctly separated,
and appear quite like elytra. With the point of a
fine needle I was quite able to lift them up at the apex,
but they are soldered together at the suture. Under
these circumstances my former opinion that these insects
should be placed near the Hippoboscide is, I think, quite
proved to be incorrect ; in which case Professor West-
wood’s view of their affinity with the Hemiptera seems
to be the only alternative.
The tarsi in the species now described are four-jointed.
P. fumarius has four joints, as has also one sex of
P. molossus ; the other sex of P. molossus is represented
as having only three joints. I believe P. lyre and
P. spasme have four joints, but the apparent division
between the 3rd and 4th joints is so obscure as to leave
room for doubt on this point.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
FOR
138 0.
February 4, 1880.
J. W. Dunnina, M.A., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair.
The Secretary, on behalf of the President, nominated Mr. H. W. Bates,
Mr. J. W. Dunning, and Mr. H. T. Stainton, Vice-Presidents for 1880.
The minutes of the two previous meetings were read and approved.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the
respective donors.
Election ef a Member and Subscribers.
Mr. Patrick F’. Copland, of Hillcote, Buckhurst Hill, Essex, was ballotted
for and elected a Member.
Mr. John B. Bridgman, of 69, St. Giles Street, Norwich, and Mr. Peter
Cowell, Librarian of the Free Public Library, William Brown Street,
Liverpool, were ballotted for and elected Subscribers.
Exhibitions, dc.
Mr. H. T. Stainton exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Grigg, of Bristol, a
specimen of Heliothis scutosa, captured near Weston-super-Mare.
Mr. F. P. Pascoe exhibited a specimen of the common “ fire-fly” of the
Amazon Valley (Aspisoma lineatum), a species not mentioned by Messrs.
Bates and Wallace. It has the usual intermittent light, flashing at intervals
of about two seconds; but Mr. Pascoe believed, contrary to the general
opinion, that the insect was capable of keeping back the hight for an
indefinite time, as he found that when alarmed they at once disappeared.
Mr. Pascoe remarked that it would be very desirable that entomologists
abroad should pay some attention to these “ fire-flies”; they seem to vary
in different localities. Mr. M‘Lachlan had just told him that he had been
informed when in Sydney that in the country to the north the “ fire-fly” was
a Dipterous insect.
B
il
The Rev. H. S. Gorham stated that the term “fire-fly” was applied
to all luminous insects indiscriminately. In the district where Mr. Pascoe’s
specimen occurred there were perhaps fifty species of highly phos-
phorescent Coleoptera. With regard to our species, Lampyris noctiluca,
he did not think that the insect had the power of suddenly with-
drawing its light, having often handled and irritated them with a view to
trying the experiment. He was of opinion that the light of the female
L. noctiluca is certainly brighter when the insect is unimpregnated; after
which it ceases to be so brilliant. Mr. Gorham believed that the so-called
“flashing” was often simply due to the creature crawling over leaves and
herbage, and thus exposing the ventral surface only at times.
Mr. M‘Lachlan remarked that the subject of the simultaneous flashing
of fire-flies had been brought under the notice of the Society in 1865 by
the Rev. Hamlet Clark (see Proc. Ent. Soc., ser. iii., vol. ii., pp. 94, 101),
and that he had at that time advanced the opinion that the phenomenon in
question might be caused by currents of air inducing the insects to simul-
taneously change their direction of flight. He was of opinion that the
common glow-worm was not capable of extinguishing its light when alarmed,
as he had captured large numbers in a net at the same time, the insects
nevertheless continuing to shine.
Mr. Osbert Salvin stated that in the Central American region he had
observed that a luminous Elaterid, Pyrophorus, had a straight flight.
Sir Sidney Saunders stated that in the South of Europe (Corfu and
Albania) the simultaneous flashing of Lweiola italica, with intervals of
complete darkness for some seconds, was constantly witnessed in the calm
summer nights, when swarming myriads were to be seen far and near
obeying this peculiar instinct of their race. He did not concur in the
hypothesis propounded by Mr. M‘Lachlan, that currents of air might induce
a uumber of these insects simultaneously to change the direction of their
flight, and thereby occasion a momentary concealment of their light, which
would seem to imply a continuous luminosity, casually occulted; whereas
the flashes are certainly intermittent, as shown by the difficulty experienced
in capturing a specimen flying in the open close at hand, when the flash
becomes extinguished before the object can be attained, to be renewed for
au instant at the distance of several feet. The simultaneous character of
these corruscations, among vast swarms, would seem to depend upon an
intuitive impulse to emit their light at certain intervals as a protective
influence, which intervals became assimilated to each other by imitative
emulation. But whatever the inciting causes of the phenomenon, he
affirmed that the fact itself was incontestable, and a frequent subject of
remark by all observers there.
Mr. Jenner Weir said that he had noticed that when a glow-worm was
captured the light began gradually to diminish in intensity, but did not
quite cease to be visible.
il
Mr. Meldola remarked that when in Ceylon, in 1875, he had captured
numerous specimens of a Lampyrid (Luciola vespertina, Fab. = Calophotia
perplexa, Walker), which was swarming everywhere over bushes and tall
grass. The flight of the species was straight, and the insects did not fly in
gregarious swarms. When captured and put in a box it gradually diminished
the intensity of its light in the manner described by Mr. Weir, but if left
undisturbed was soon glowing witli full brilliancy. Mr. Meldola observed,
in conclusion, that the exact nature of the phosphorescence was still an
unsolved problem, interesting both to the physicist and biologist. Some
years ago he had examined the spectrum of the glow-worm, and found that
it was continuous, being rich in blue and green rays aud comparatively poor
in red and yellow.
Mr. Pascoe also exhibited the two sexes of Isopogon hottentottus, a
Dipterous insect, which he was informed by Mr. R. W. Meade, of Bradford,
had been hitherto unrecorded in this country. Above a dozen individuals
were gamboling in the air in a confined space among some yew trees at
Box Hill, occasionally settling on the leaves. When he had taken four or
five specimens the remainder, probably alarmed, disappeared. He remarked
that the members of the family to which this fly belongs (Asilid@) are
generally solitary in their habits, alighting on the ground in some pathway
or open spot, then darting off a short distance. They are perhaps the most
daring and ferocious of all insects; they have even been known to pounce
upon and carry off a tiger-beetle (Cicindela), although one was quite as large
as the other.
The Secretary exhibited, on behalf of Mr. George Francis, of Adelaide,
specimens of a South Australian moth (Anapea, sp.?), which feeds on the
native Hucalypti. The species was the same as that exhibited last year.
(See Proc. Ent. Soc. 1879, p. xv). The series comprised also the larve
in different stages of growth and living cocoons. Mr. Francis likewise
forwarded a specimen, in alcohol, of a venomous spider (Latrodectus sp. ?),
and several galls and microscopic objects.
The Secretary also announced that he had received a letter from
Mr. A. H. Swinton, calling in question the specific distinctness of Acronycta
Psi and A. Tridens, with reference to Mr. Butler’s recent communication
on this genus (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1879, p. 313). Mr. Swinton had failed
to detect any well-marked differences between the larvee of these two
species.
Mr. Meldola read the following note :—
“ On the Protective Attitude of the Caterpillar of the Lobster Moth.”
‘“Most entomologists have admitted that the grotesque attitude of
those caterpillars forming Newman's ‘ Cuspidate’ group was in some way
protective, but it is only quite recently that Dr. Hermann Miller has
1V
made known* the results of his observations on the caterpillar of Stawropus
Fagi, which observations now for the first time tend to show the true
meaning of this attitude in the species in question. When sitting on a
twig in its natural position the head and first five segments are held erect,
and the greatly lengthened legs of the second and third segments held
outstretched; thus, when seen from the front, the whole aspect of the
insect, both in form and colour, is most spider-like, and when alarmed it
immediately raises its four long legs and moves them irregularly, after the
manner of a spider attacking its victim. This spider-like appearance is
believed to be a special protection against ichneumons which may approach
it from the front. According to the experience of H. Muller ichneumons
are especially afraid of spiders, and he states, on the authority of Fledder-
mann, an experienced breeder of insects, that the larva of S. Fayi was never
found to be attacked by ichneumons, whilst, according to Treitschke, the
nearly allied Hybocampa Milhauseri is often attacked by them, although
a much rarer species, which rarity may perhaps be attributable to the
complete absence of such protection as that possessed by S. Fagi.
“So much for the front aspect of the caterpillar under consideration.
When approached from the rear there is nothing to be seen but the erect,
hard, shield-like surface of the last segment surmounted by two black
horns, and presenting an appearance totally unlike that of a caterpillar.
When a side-view of the larva is presented there is seen on the fourth and
fifth segments a small black depression just below the spiracles, and giving
the appearance of a caterpillar which has been stung by an ichnewmon,
so that one of these foes approaching from the side would be deceived and
abandon it without depositing its eggs.”
Mr. 8. Stevens stated that, having recently reared several specimens of
S. Fagi, he could confirm the opinion of Dr. H. Miiller as to the spider-
like appearance of the larva. :
Papers read.
The Rey. H.S. Gorham communicated a continuation of his “ Materials
for a Revision of the Lampyride,” the present paper treating of the genus
Photinus.
Dr. Sharp communicated a paper entitled ‘On some Coleoptera from
the Hawaiian Islands.”
New Part of ‘ Transactions.’
Parts III. and IV. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1879 were on the tuble,
and also copies of the Address given at the last Meeting.
* «Kosmos,’ Noy, 1879, p. 128.
March 38, 1880.
H. T. Srarnton, F.R.S., &c., Vice-President, in the chair.
The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the
respective donors.
Election of Members.
Dr. Henry Charles Lang, of 41, Berners Street, Oxford Street, and
Mr. Frank Crosbie, of The Chestnuts, Barnet, Herts, were ballotted for
and elected Ordinary Members.
Exhibitions.
Mr. F. P. Pascoe exhibited several species of scorpions @ propos of a
controversy which has recently been going on in ‘ Nature,’ respecting a
statement that scorpions are in the habit of stinging themselves to death
when in the midst of a circle of fire from which they are unable to escape.
He pointed out that the two common European species, Scorpio euwropeus
and Buthus occitanus, were almost physically incapable of reaching a vital
part owing to the shortness of the tail or post-abdomen. Mr. Pascoe thought
there must be some error of observation with those who asserted the
coutrary. From his own experience, he believed that scorpions were only
able to strike backwards and a little upwards. In some forms with very
long tails, such as Lychas, &c., it might be quite possible for the animal to
insert its ‘‘ sting” ito the soft parts between the segments; but he thought
it was questionable whether, in this mild way, any poisonous matter would
be ejected. Another difficulty was that when the tail was so bent back
the convexity of the sting would be downwards, and consequently its point
would be upwards and away from the cephalothorax.
Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Pim (who was present as a
visitor), a dwarfed female specimen of Plebeius Icarus (Lyce@na Alewis).
The Rev. A. I. Maton exhibited three plates of drawings of Ephemeride,
showing the structural details of the species represented. These beautifully
executed plates, which are about to be published in a forthcoming work on
this family, contained figures of the following species :—
Tricorythus maximus (in Cenis), Joly.
Batisca obesa, Say. ‘The fore-wings of this species are connate along
the greater part of the terminal margin, so as to form a shield covering the
base of the abdomen. Antenne short, deflected, 7-jointed, with the joints
unusually long. Labial palpi 3-jointed, chelate.
v1
The third species was a Chilian form of undetermined genus, remarkable
for the possession of symmetrical mouth-organs. Maxillary palpi 11-jointed.
Labial palpi 14-jointed.
Mr. M‘Lachlan remarked that these drawings were some of the most
beautiful and detailed that had ever been executed for any family of insects.
The observation as to the connate nature of the wings in the nymphs of
Batisca was of great value, as explaining the true nature of the carapace-
like thorax of that insect.
The Secretary exhibited, on behalf of Mr. George Francis, of Adelaide,
the microscopical specimens referred to at the last meeting, which had
been kindly mounted for exhibition by Mr. William Cole. The series
comprised a number of eggs of a Chrysopa suspended in the usual manner
by long silken threads from the edge of a Hucalyptus-leaf, and the beautiful
shell-like scales formed by a Coccus, together with the insects found beneath
the scales.
Mr. Howard Vaughan exhibited a series of Cidaria russata from York-
shire and the Isle of Arran, showing the local variation of this species.
Papers read, de.
The Rev. H. S. Gorham read a paper on the Lampyride@, in con-
tinuation of those communicated at the meetings of December, 1879, and
February, 1880, the present instalment concluding the revision of the
genus Photinus.
Mr. Gorham also read a paper summing up the results of his observations
on the Lampyrida, with respect to their phosphorescence, which he believed
to serve the part of a beacon for attracting the sexes to one another. In
support of this conclusion he stated that he had found that the eyes of
these species were developed in magnitude according to the amount of
luminosity displayed. With regard to the typical species of the family, he
had observed that in the most highly organized genera, such as Lamprocera
and Cladodes, the light-emitting faculty did not appear to be developed in
proportion with the rest of the organs, and that the eyes were also reduced
“in a direct ratio with the light,” being small and uniform in both sexes,
whilst the antenne were “ developed in inverse ratio as the phosphorescence
is diminished.” In illustration of this supposed correlation between the
development of the antenne and the intensity of the light, Mr. Gorham
exhibited a selection of species arranged in three groups, viz. :—
(1). Species with plumose antenne, small eyes, and light-emitting sur-
face confined to small spots only. (Lamprocera, Cladodes, Vesta, Phenolis,
and Megalopthalmus.)
(2). Species with simple antenne, eyes large, sometimes excessive,
both sexes winged; phosphorescence considerable, sometimes greater in the
female. (Cratomorphus, Lucernula, Aspidosoma, Luciola, and Photuris.)
vil
(3). Species with female apterous or with rudimentary wings; phos-
phorescence often very great in female, and frequently rudimentary in male ;
antenne generally rudimentary; eyes large in the male, often occupying
nearly the whole head. (Pleotomus, Microphotus, Lampyris, &c.)
Mr. Stainton asked how Mr. Gorham had determined the intensity of
the light emitted by the insects which had been grouped in the manner
above referred to, since it appeared extremely difficult to say with certainty
whether one insect was more luminous than another without some actual
photometric measurement made upon the species when alive.
Mr. Gorham stated in reply that the light-emitting segments at the
extremity of the abdomen were distinguishable by their white ‘vitreous
appearance, and that he had considered the number and size of such
segments to indicate the phosphorescent power. He did not consider
that these vitreous segments were themselves luminous, but that the
source of light was within the body of the insect, and shone through the
transparent segments or could be withdrawn at pleasure. In this manner
he thought the gradual extinction or intermittent flashing of the light might
be explained.
Mr. Pascoe remarked that it was much to be regretted that Mr. Gorham
had not been able to observe the phosphorescence of some of the exotic
Lampyride in their native habitats, as he had no doubt that many of the
opinions now advanced would thus have to be considerably modified.
Mr. W. C. Boyd asked how, on Mr. Gorham’s view, the supposed source
of light could be withdrawn from the transparent segments, since the size of
the insects’ bodies did not leave much space for such withdrawal ?
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse suggested that the light-source might be with-
drawn into that portion of the body having opaque segments.
Mr. M‘Lachlan, in connection with his idea of the supposed contem-
poraneous flashing of all the individuals in a swarm of Lampyride, called
attention to flies of the genus Argyra, which when ying exhibited at times
an appearance similar to that of small snow-flakes, owing to the silvery
pubescence with which part of the body was clothed, but which was observed
in certain positions, and especially when the insects rested, owing to the
pubescence being then concealed; he thought this to some extent was an
analogous case to that of the light of swarms of Lampyride.
Sir Sidney Saunders observed that the discussion involved two distinct
questions,—namely, the flashing at intervals and the simultaneous action of
large numbers in displaying their luminosity,—both of which he considered
as indisputable facts. As regards the first, he mentioned the circumstance
that when flying past, free from all obstructions, the Luciola suddenly
emits its light, and then remains untraceable until it repeats its flash ata
distance of some yards, and is therefore difficult to capture unless by over-
taking the fugitives and sweeping with a hat in the observed direction.
vill
They then exhibit a casual glare as they crawl about within. As to the
contemporaneous flashes of myriads, such as are more frequently con-
gregated on the calmest nights, surrounding objects previously involved in
obscurity become suddenly illuminated as if by electricity, and as rapidly
plunged in their antecedent gloom at alternate intervals. He could not
concur in the hypothesis that currents of air had any connexion with such
displays or occultations, when not a breath was stirring around; nor
that these manifestations might be evoked by sexual influences, amid vast
hosts instigated to combine therein and act in unison. He would rather
attribute this phenomenon to an inherent tendency to emit their ight from
time to time, requiring a certain period of repose to recruit their powers ;
and when any thus surcharged felt intuitively inspired to take the initiative,
the others—prompted to obey a corresponding impulse — followed such
example in responsive sequence. He confirmed Mr. Gorham’s remarks as to
the luminous segments of the abdomen being diaphanous and recognizable,
adding that their luminosity was retractile and of a quivering character,
with alternations of a golden lustre, differing from the phases exhibited
when disporting in mid-air.
The Rev. A. E. Eaton remarked that while the subject of insect
luminosity was under discussion, it might be interesting to mention that
Dr. Hagen, in a paper published in the ‘ Transactions’ of the Society for
1878 (p. 899), had stated that a species of Hphemeride (Cenis dimidiata)
had been sent to him by Prof. Zaddach as a luminous insect, two males
having been captured at night near Pillau “ giving a small blue light.”
Mr. Meldola stated that Mr. Thomas Belt, in his well-known ‘ Naturalist
in Nicaragua’ (p. 820), had expressed his belief that the luminosity of the
Lampyrid@ played the same part as the bright colours of many caterpillars,
i.e., that it served as a danger signal, warning nocturnal foes of the
inedibility of the species of this family, which he had found to be generally
distasteful to birds, &c. Their immunity from persecution is also testified
by the fact that the species of this family are very frequently mimicked by
other beetles, and even by insects of other orders.
Mr. GC. M. Wakefield communicated a paper by Mr. Rh. W. Fereday,
entitled ‘ Description of a new Species of the Family Leucanid@ and a new
Species of the Genus Chlenias.”
Mr. A. G. Butler communicated a paper ‘On Synonyms of Heterocerous
Lepidoptera.”
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse communicated ‘“ Descriptions of Cetontide and
Cerambycid@ from Madagascar.”
New Part of ‘ Transactions.’
Part V. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1879, containing index, title-page, &c.,
was on the table.
ix
April 7, 1878.
H. T. Srarnron, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair.
The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the
respective donors.
Election of Members.
The following gentlemen were ballotted for and elected Ordinary Mem-
bers :—George Carter Bignell, 7, Clarence Place, Stonehouse, Plymouth ;
W. D. Cansdale, 4, Guithavon Terrace, Witham, Essex; Frank Crisp,
LL.B., B.A., Sec.R.M.S., 5, Lansdowne Road, Notting Hill, W.; and the
Rey. W. Fowler, M.A., F'.L.8., Repton, Burton-on-Trent. M. Ed. André,
21, Boulevard Bretonniére, Beaune (Cote d’Or), France, was ballotted for
and elected a Foreign Member.
Exhibitions, é&c.
Mr. John T. Carrington exhibited a pale variety of Arctia caja, bred
by a gentleman at Croydon, who had been experimenting upon the
effects of the rays of light transmitted through glasses of various.
colours upon the species. The variety exhibited had been reared under
green glass, but there was no evidence to show that the variation was due
to the green rays.
The Secretary read the following communication from Mr. G. A. J.
Rothney, of Calcutta :—
* On Insects destroyed by Flowers.
“T notice in the report of your proceedings for April 2nd, 1879, a letter
from Mr. J. W. Slater, from which I copy the following extract :—* Whilst
it is generally admitted that the gay coloration of flowers is mainly sub-
servient to the purpose of attracting bees and other winged insects, whose
visits play so important a part in the process of fertilization, it seems to me
that one important fact has scarcely received due attention. Certain gaily-
coloured, or or least conspicuous, flowers are avoided by bees, or, if visited,
have an injurious and even fatal effect upon the insects. Among these
are the dahlia, the passion-flower, the crown-imperial, and especially the
oleander. That the flowers of the dahlia have a narcotic action both upon
humble-bees and hive-bees was first pointed out by the Rev. L. Jenyns, in
his ‘‘ Observations on Natural History ” (p. 262). He mentions that bees
which visit these flowers are “soon seized with a sort of torpor, and often
die uuless speedily removed,” &c.’
Cc
x
“As regards the dahlia, this is so directly opposed to my recent
experience in this country that I should like to record the following
observations.
“T was staying at the hill-station of Mussoorie in September and
October of last year,—a time when the wild dahlias* were at their greatest
perfection, and formed a striking feature in the scenery,—there were
numbers of other wild flowers of various species in profusion, but the
dahlias formed the particular attraction of the Aculeate Hymenoptera, and
my richest collecting ground was always where the dahlias grew thickest,
my most favoured spot and warmest corner being at a place called Wolfs-
burn Road, Laudun, where I could stand up to my waist in a rich bank of
dahlias of all colours, and collect around me in the shortest possible
time the greatest number of specimens and variety of species to be ob-
tained anywhere in or near Mussoorie. JI am not certain of many of
the species captured, but the following genera were strongly represented,
especially the first three:—Bombus, Apis, Vespa, Andrena, Halictus,
Prosopis, Polistes, Odynerus, and others; besides which, had I been collecting
them, I might have taken many species of butterflies, day-flying moths,
ichneumons, as well as several species of Diptera and Coleoptera. The
dahlias were mostly single, but a few double ones were also to be found.
The bright yellow single flowers appeared to be the most attractive—that
is, in taking up my position on the steep bank I preferred to plant myself
in a mass of yellow flowers to any other colour. I never observed that any
bee, wasp, or other insect was injured in any way by visiting these flowers.
I never found a dead one in or under the dahlias, and certainly, from the
activity required to capture them, I never came across any bee or wasp
suffering from ‘ narcotic action’ or ‘ seized with a sort of torpor.’ Under one
fine bush of the yellow single flower I found the ‘nests of a large species
of humble-bee, and spent many hours in watching the workers fly in and out
and to and from the dahlia flowers covered with the yellow pollen, and they
never seemed any the worse for their excesses; indeed they were un-
commonly lively, and on one occasion, when I had been capturing too many
of their fine females, the workers fairly drove me off the ground by their
most persistent attacks.”
Papers read.
The Secretary read a paper, by Mr. Peter Cameron, entitled ‘ Notes on
the Coloration and Development of Insects.”
Professor Westwood communicated two papers :—‘ On two Gynandro-
morphous specimens of Cirrochroa Aor, Dbl., an Indian Species of
* Mr. Rothney must be mistaken in speaking of the “ wild dahlia” in India, as
this plant is Mexican, and not Indian, as pointed out by several Members on
hearing the above communication,—ED,
-
X1
Nymphalideous Butterflies,” and “On Cetonia Aurata and Protaetia
Bensoni.” Specimens and drawings, showing the specific distinctness of
the insects in question, were exhibited in illustration of the last-named
paper.
New Part of ‘ Transactions.’
Part I. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1878 was on the table.
May 5, 1880.
H. T. Srartntron, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair.
The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the
respective donors.
Election of a Member.
Mr. Peter Inchbald, of The Lodge, Hovingham, York, a former
Member, was ballotted for and re-elected into the Society.
Exhibitions, ée.
Mr. W. C. Boyd exhibited a very pale specimen of Nyssia hispidaria,
taken at light at Cheshunt Station.
Mr. M. J. Walhouse exhibited some Geodephagous beetles which were
found only on the summits of some of the highest mountains in India.
Mr. W. L. Distant exhibited a long series of specimens of the Mada-
gascar Homopteron Ptyelus Goudoti, Benn., to illustrate the extreme
variability of the species. The series showed a gradation from melanic
forms having the tegmina and pronotum black, to an albinic variety in
which the tegmina and pronotum were pale luteous. One specimen
was asymmetrical in the markings of the tegmina, thus possessing the
characters of two varietal forms, as shown in the accompanying woodcut.
Mr. Distant observed that he had found this not at all an exceptional
occurrence in extremely variable species of the order Rhynchota. Like
other species of this and allied genera, P. Goudoti in the larval condition
xl
emits a frothy secretion, which M. Goudot described as being done so
plentifully at the time of the greatest atmospheric temperature, as to
assume the appearance of actual rain. From an experiment made with
sixty or seventy larve, M. Goudot concluded that a vessel holding nearly
an English quart could have been filled with this secretion in an hour
and a half.
Mr. Stainton pointed out that this series offered a good illustration of
the danger of founding a species on a single specimen.
Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited two living specimens of Carabus auratus,
found in the Borough Market, and probably introduced with Belgian
potatoes.
Mr. F. P. Pascoe stated that he had recently heard a rumour to the
effect that the Sphinx-moth with a proboscis of sufficient length to reach
into the nectar of Anagre@cum sesquipedale, predicted by Mr. Darwin and
Mr. Wallace to occur in Madagascar (see also Proc. Ent. Soc. 1878, p. 1i1.),
had actually been captured in that island, and he asked whether any
Members of the Society were able to confirm this statement.
Mr. M‘Lachlan remarked that as a believer in the doctrine of Evolution,
he thought that much harm was done to it by its friends, of which this was,
in his opinion, an example.
The Chairman asked whether any Members had observed the date of
appearance of insects this season.
The Secretary stated that a copy of a work, edited by Miss Ormerod,
had just been presented to the Library by its Editor, in which an immense
number of meteorological observations had been tabulated, in such a manner
as to lead to the hope that some light might be thrown by this and future
work conducted on a similar plan on the connection between meteorological
phenomena and the appearance of insects, &e.
Miss EK. A. Ormerod remarked that the records from which the
‘Cobham Journals’ had been reduced were taken by Miss Caroline Moles-
worth at Cobham, Surrey, and extended, with more or less completeness,
over a period of about forty-four years. The coincident observations of
weather and the state of animal and plant life in a continuous form extended
over only about twenty-six years,—from 1825 to 1850 inclusive,—and the
present volume contained the reduction of these observations as far as they
bear on these points of coincidence. One object in view had been to give
by abstracts and summaries such a statement of the successive states of
temperature, amount of rainfall, and direction of the wind, as would enable
the reader to see, by a glance at the parallel columns of each month’s eutries,
what periods of marked variation or non-variation occurred in what is
commonly known as ‘the weather.” The tables given in the work had
been directly reduced from Miss Molesworth’s careful records preserved in
the library of the Meteorological Society, and Miss Ormerod, the Editor of
Xill
the ‘Journals,’ had added an introduction giving the necessary working
details, together with a chapter of ‘‘ Results of Observations,” working out
the coincidences that appeared between meteorological and phenological
conditions—i.e., between states of weather and subsequent dates of plant-
life, the appearance of spring birds, &c. Miss Ormerod added that, from an
entomological point of view, it was much to be regretted that Miss Moles-
worth, who was remarkable for the extreme accuracy of her observations,
did not give more records regarding insects. ‘There were, however, a few,
and one of special economic interest, in which the larvee of the “ ‘Turnip
Sawfly” are noticed as causing damage in August; at the beginning of
September there occurs an entry of “ myriads of Haltica nemorum,” and
after a fall of rain which cleared them away, the ‘Turnip Sawfly” appeared
in the imago state on the same ground, showing that the rainfall had no
beneficial effect in preventing their development. Miss Ormerod stated, in
conclusion, that from one series of records spreading over such varied and
important branches of observation, no certain conclusions could be at
present drawn, but the work in question might offer valuable suggestions
for future observers. The results of similar records carried out hereafter
may throw much light on the meteorological principles of cultivation, and
Miss Molesworth, who was one of the first to lead the way in the path
of joint observation, deserves our grateful remembrance.
June 2, 1880.
Sir Jonn Lussocr, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., &c., President, in the chair.
The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the
respective donors.
Election of Members.
Miss Georgiana Ormerod, of Dunster Lodge, Spring Grove, Isleworth,
and Mr. Henry Lupton, of the Elms, Chapel Allerton, Leeds, were ballotted
for and elected Ordinary Members.
Exhibitions.
Mr. M. J. Walhouse exhibited a collection of moths from Mangalore,
on the Malabar coast, India. Many of the species showed a great resem-
blance to European forms.
Mr. J. A. Finzi exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Lowrey, a bred specimen of
Aretia fuliginosa, with only one antenna.
X1V
Sir John Lubbock stated that he had occasionally bred ants with only
one antenna, and on one occasion had possessed a specimen with no antenne
at all, this individual being completely helpless when out of the nest.
The President also exhibited specimens of a new Australian ant which
he had received from Mr. Waller, and which agreed with the remarkable
genus Myrmecocystus of Wesmael in having an immensely distended abdo-
men, so that the insect actually serves as an animated honey-pot. ‘The
present species, however, belongs to a different genus, and is allied to
Camponotus.
Paper read.
The Rev. H. S. Gorham communicated the concluding portion of his
“ Materials for a Revision of the Lampyride.”
July 7, 1889.
J. W. Dunnine, M.A., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair.
The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the
respective donors.
Exhibitions, &c.
Mr. Jenner Weir exhibited, on behalf of Mr. J. W. Douglas, a worn
female specimen of Noctua C-nigrum, which had been taken on June 27th.
Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a piece of sugar-cane from Queensland much
damaged by some Lepidopterous larva, of which specimens were also
exhibited. Without having the moth, it would be impossible to decide
with any certainty as to the species; but, judging from the larva, he was
inclined to believe that it was a species of Pyralis. On consulting with
Miss Ormerod, he had come to the conclusion that the species was not the
same as the “cane-borer” from British Guiana.
Mr. W. I.. Distant said that he was acquainted with the ‘“ cane-borer”
from Madras, and that it was not the same species as that described by
Guilding.
Mr. W. F. Kirby called attention to the description and figure of Pyralis
saccharalis, Fabr., published in ‘ Skifter af Naturhistorie Selskabet,’ vol. iii.
part 2 (1794), pp. 63-65, pl. vil. fig. 1, where the insect is represented in
all stages. He also referred to the long account of the imsect given by
Guénée in Maillard’s ‘ Notes sur ]'Tle de Réunion,’ Lep., pp.68—71. Guenée
considers the insect to be allied to Schwnobius, and calls it Borer (!) sae-
charellus. Fortunately the generic name will not stand, as Guilding’s name
of Diatrea has the priority.
XV
Miss KE. A. Ormerod exhibited specimens of Tomarus bituberculatus,
Sphenophorus sacchari (with cocoon), and Rhyncophorus (? palmarum, cocoons
and pupa), and read the following note :—
“* Cane-borers.”
“Tn the course of last autumn it was mentioned to me that, in addition
to the species of cane-borer previously noticed, another kind (which was
incidentally mentioned to be a Macraspis) was doing much harm in Berbice.
On examination of the specimens, however (now exhibited), the beetle
turned out to be one of the Dynastide, Tomarus bituberculatus, and any
suggestion for diminishing the numbers would be very acceptable. The
beetle, which is one of the kinds popularly known as ‘ hardbacks’ in the
colony, is enormously plentiful, coming into the houses in the evening in
such quantities as to require to be swept from the tables, and I am informed
by a naturalist lately resident in Guiana that as many as five specimens
may be found in the unopened flower-buds of the Victoria Regia.
“The other specimens exhibited are of Sphenophorus sacchari, with its
cocoon, and also two cocoons (one opened to show the contained pupa) of
a larger species .of Rhyncophorus, but I conjecture uot of Rhyncophorus
palmarum. In the course of investigation last year it appeared that there
were more species at work than was at first supposed. One of these,
kindly lent me for examination by the Colonial Company, much resembles
R. palmarum, but is smaller, and, after careful search and comparison of
specimens,—in which I was kindly assisted at the British Museum,—
appears to be undescribed. It is very like R. Zimmermanni, but is not
identical. A very few specimens, bred by Mr. D’Urban, of Exeter, from
imported canes, appear to be of yet another species, but I only know these
by report.
“ Larvee of the large Rhyncophorus, and of the Sphenophorus sacchari,
have been exhibited before; but I show them now relatively to a peculiar
formation frequently noticeable in the larger grub,—of which some lumps
will be noticed at the bottom of the bottle (this is whitish and hard when in
the grub preserved in spirits),—and I benefit by the examination kindly
made of it by Mr. Meldola to mention that it is of the nature of a true
wax, and may be derived from cerosin, a natural wax found in sugar-
cane, investigated by Avequin and Dumas, and here conjecturally altered
by the digestive processes. The taste of this secretion (which perhaps
I should mention was, after some preliminaries, my part of the experiment)
was exceedingly sweet, and throws some light on the fondness of the natives,
and also in some cases of the residents, for these grubs, as matter of food.
I am informed they are partaken of fried or ‘ plain boiled,’ and all mashed
up together, and as many as 120 are eaten at asitting! As this formation
of sugar melts at a very low temperature, probably the operation of cooking
Xv1
disperses its sweetness through the mass; nevertheless the dish appears
somewhat uninviting.
“To return, however, to the attacks of the cane-borer in Demerara;
these were lessened for a time, but are still in action to a much greater
extent than could be wished. Many experiments have been tried, and
amongst others it is noted with regard to powers of endurance that it
required 10 parts of sulphuric acid to 100 of water to kill the small borer
(Proceras), and 30 parts acid to 100 of water to kill the large kind—locally
the ‘tacuma,’ scientifically the Rhyncophorus. The application of chemicals
is, however, scarcely practicable. Irom the size and extent of the crop, and
the fact of the borers being inside when at work, it is very hard to get at
them, but nevertheless systematic care seems to be doing something.
“'T'he points that appear especially to be attended to beneficially are,
first, with regard to what are termed ‘tops,’ that is, the long pieces of
cane-cuttings put in to form the new plants. ‘These are carefully watched,
and, if symptoms of the borer appears, are removed. Another point is
cutting out infested pieces from the crop-plants; in this way the insect
presence is diminished, and by putting the removed cane through the mills
enough is got from it to pay expenses. Attention is.also directed to
destroying refuse cane, which otherwise would accumulate, and, by attracting
borers, form centres for new hordes to come out from.
“These points are all of great importance, and can be worked practically ;
but for the constant watch on the borers necessary to keep them down,
it seems that the only sure protection lies in encouragement of their natural
enemies, and especially the ants, which form a kind of insect police,
constantly and very efficiently on the look-out.
After discussion of the subject last year (following on the very judicious
suggestions of some of the residents in the colony), the Colonial Company
issued orders that no more ants’ nests should be burned. These natural pro-
tectors require some special care themselves, as, in addition to the clearing
of their nests by fire in process of cultivation, it is a custom to burn them in
order to drive away mosquitoes by the peculiarly pungent and unpleasant
smell thus produced.
“The protection, it may be hoped, will bring the average ant presence
up to the previous amount, for there seems no doubt of their usefulness.
Lam informed by various residents (whom I have been in communication
with whilst they were in England) that when unchecked these ants are
immensely numerous; to be found in nests at the foot of the cane, and also
on the canes; and that if some pieces of the cane are thrown down ants will
directly be seen streaming to them from all quarters; and in this way they
are always at hand to attack the eggs or young grubs before they have
made their way into the cane, or again on their exit from it before going
into the pupal state. ‘They appear to me the only check applicable to the
XV1l
cane-borer moth, Proceras sacchariphagus, in its imago form, in which, from
the observations made in Mauritius, it appears to be remarkable for its
sedentary habits, remaining motionless for a large portion of its short life
in the shelter of the leaves.
“The life-history of the moth has been already given by various writers,
but there is so much of interest in the very long notes of it given by
Mr. W. Bojer, the President of the Committee appointed by the Governor
of the Island of Mauritius to investigate the subject and suggest a remedy,
in the autumn of 1848, on the first burst of the alarm, when the moth
was found to have fairly made good its footing in Mauritius, that, as
the original documents are somewhat difficult of access, and the numbers
of the ‘ Sugar-Cane’ and the ‘ Royal Gazette,’ in which they are reprinted,
appear to be almost equally so, I venture to give some points from the
Report.
“Tt appears that the presence of this moth was not known of in
Mauritius, either by any planter or by any naturalist familiar with the local
Entomology, until November, 1848, when, with a view to regenerate the
canes of the islands (then diseased in another way), a quantity of new canes
were sent for from Ceylon. Before the arrival of these canes a report was
circulated that Cingalese canes were infested by a borer. On their arrival
examination was made by a Committee appointed for the purpose, and
almost all these newly-imported canes were found to be perforated by the
moth cane-borer. The immediate destruction of the canes was recommended,
but it is conjectured that some left temporarily in an accessible spot were
carried off and planted, for two years afterwards the moth made its
appearance.
“The notes from Mauritius agree with most of those from British
Guiana as to the moth-egg being laid on the cane-leaves; the caterpillar
feeding in the cane, and subsequently coming out again and turning to pupa
in a slight web amongst the leaves. The eggs are stated to be transparent,
their greenish colour making them difficult of observation on the cane-leaf ;
their shape is depressed and oval; their longest diameter is stated to be
the third of a line.
“The only moth observed in the act of oviposition deposited 162 eggs,
which were placed in two parallel rows and hatched on the ninth day.
Their extreme transparency allowed of observations of the development of
the caterpillar in the egg. On the second day an opaque line was noticed,
indicating the first appearance of the digestive organs. On the next day a
small black point at one extremity of the line indicated the future head ;
later the body of the insect became more apparent; movement became
visible, and its position is stated to have been coiled on itself with the head
in the centre. The length of the caterpillar on coming out of the egg on
the ninth day is given as 1} line.
D
XVill
“When the caterpillar has reached full development, which is at the
end of about thirty-one days, it is 12 to 14 lines in length, and its
movement is described as being very quick in either direction, whether
forward or backward. The head is depressed, furnished with strong
toothed jaws, and with a plate of a paler colour. The labrum is said
to have a very hard lance-shaped termination, which helps it to perforate
the cane.
“Hach segment has four black glands in a longitudinal row on each
side of the back marked by a pink band. On the lateral sides are also
seen eight black points surrounded by glands of the same colour, united
also by a pink band.’ These points are the breathing pores. The glands
are usually terminated by bristles.
“The caterpillar changes its skin five times before metamorphosis, and
when about to turn it leaves the inside of the cane and lightly spins a few
of the leaves together for a protection. The caterpillars that from any
cause remain to undergo pupation in the cane appear usually to perish from
the humidity and unsuitableness of position, or from Acari. Several
hundred chrysalides taken from inside cane were found on inspection to
contain Acari instead of the future moth.
“The existence of the insect is computed at nine days in the egg,
thirty-one as a caterpillar, fifteen as a chrysalis, and four or five in the
imago state—about sixty days altogether; and as in the mildness of the
Mauritian climate reproduction takes place at all seasons, the increase is
very rapid.
“ Details regarding these small moths have been so fully given elsewhere
that I need not enter on their specific description, but their appearance
when in repose is stated to be very singular. The inferior palpi are stated
to be nearly three times the length of the head, projecting forward in the
shape of a beak. ‘The anterior legs are without spines, and when the moth
is at rest are directed forward parallel to the beak-like palpi, and in addition
to the great black eyes which distinguish this moth, and the antenne laid
flat against the wings, which they exceed in length (but which are raised at
a right angle when on the point of flying), are remarked as giving the
insect ‘a very peculiar, not to say sinister look.’
“From observations made on the moth in captivity, it is stated to be
very sedentary in its habits, remaining fixed in the same place for thirty-six
hours concealed between leaves without even changing its position. Its
flight is heavy and almost vertical; but when tormented at night by a vivid
light, it jumps and turns on itself very quickly, and if set at liberty—far
from being attracted by the light of a candle—conceals itself in the darkest
corner of the room. The writer observes, ‘' This peculiarity has confirmed
us in our first impression that its large eyes are totally deprived of the
choroid membrane, which renders it almost blind.’ It is also noted that
X1x
the moth had not then been captured in the cane-fields—conjecturally from
it remaining hidden under the leaves.
“The report quoted runs to considerable length, but I have given these
few points as they seem of practical importance.
“The habits as mentioned agree with those noted of the moth cane-
borer from Demerara, even in the matter of difficulty of capture, and this
quiescent state in the shelter of the leaves and immediate concealment on
disturbance, puts it on the one hand almost out of reach of destruction
by the usual artificial means of attraction; and, on the other hand, puts it
very much into the power of the ants, stealing quietly into every nook to
lay hold of and destroy it.
“Kiffects of weather and state of health of the plants appear to act
strongly on the borers generally, the attacks being noted as worst in
seasons of drought; this, apparently (as with some of our English attacks),
from the dry weather, and state of the plant-juices being favourable to the
insects, and also from the plants not being able to make way against them,
or ‘ grow past,’ as it is termed.
“This point is worth notice, relatively to what may be found to answer
from increased irrigation or anything keeping up the vigour of the plant
as stimulant application; and I may observe that in an experiment
instituted with regard to the effects of the mixture known as ‘ Soluble
Phenyle,’ this was applied in dilute form with ash of the burnt
canes, and whether from the ash or the ‘phenyle,’ or both, a growth
was reported of a remarkably healthy green, and although the difference
in amount of insect presence accompanying was not great, it was certainly
less.”
Mr. W. L. Distant stated that he had had some experience in sugar-
cane growing in Malacca, and he was of opinion that the remedy for
exterminating the borers lay with the planters themselves. The necessity
was to burn all the refuse “trash” from the canes, as was done on the
largest estates, and not allow such to accumulate, as frequently took place
on badly managed plantations. He had only that day been discussing the
matter with a large cocoa-nut palm grower of Malacca. That palm suffers
severely from the depredations of two beetles, Nylotrupes gideon and Oryctes
rhinoceros, and the principal defence is to prevent the accumulation of
vegetable refuse. Frequently Chinamen who had adjoining plantations
would allow “paddy” husk, or sawdust, to accumulate, thus affording
breeding grounds for these destructive insects, to the injury of all the
surrounding estates.
Miss Ormerod stated that the planters in British Guiana had now
become aware of the importance of not allowing refuse to accumulate.
Mr. M‘Lachlan was of opinion that the cane-borers could be entirely
XX
exterminated by weeding out and burning the canes as soon as they showed
any symptoms of being infested.
Mr. W. L. Distant exhibited a specimen of the so-called ‘“ vegetable
caterpillar” from New Zealand, procured for him by Dr. Dunkley. This
is the larva of a moth, Hepialus vivescens, on which the spores of Cordyceps
(Spheria) Robertsii frequently fall, becoming truly vegetable parasites,
destroying the caterpillars, and growing therefrom in the form which has
caused so many erroneous statements to be made. This caterpillar feeds on
the Convolvulus (native potato).
Mr.'T. R. Billups exhibited a larva of Plusia chrysitis and some specimens
of an Ichneumon that infested it. He stated that 120 of the Ichneumons
had emerged, and that he had identified them as a species of Paaylloma.
Mr. A. Phipson exhibited a remarkable variety of Pyrameis cardui taken
near Basingstoke last August. (See fig.)
Papers read, de.
The Secretary read the following note by Mr. Sidney Churchill, of
Teheran :—
“« Note on Argas Persicus.”
“M. I'ischer, of Waldheim, in his ‘ Notice sur l’Argas de la Perse,’ p. 14
(Acad. de Moscow, 1823), remarks :—‘ C’est la punaise venimeuse de Miana
des voyageurs et dont on a tant exageré les accidents. Il] ale corps ovalaire
allongé, plus rétreci en avant que la punaise des lits, avec laquelle ou l’'a
compare ; tous le dos garni de petits grains blanchatre, commes chagrinés ;
le bord trés peu ourle, un peu enchancré, bi-latéralement en avant; couleur
d'un rouge sanguin clair, parsemé sur le dos de points élevés blanes ; pattes
pales.’. M. Adouin has classified the species found by M. Savigny in Egypt
under the head of Argas Persicus. But that species is oval, whereas both
XX1
Baron Walckenaer, in his ‘ Histoire Naturelle des Insectes’ (Paris, 1844),
and Gervais describe the Persian Argas to be truncated. The characteristics
assigned to it by Baron Walckenaer are as follows:—‘ Machoires en
sucroire, non engainees par les palpes, et cachées ainsi que ceux-ci
au-dessous d’une avance de la partie antérieure du corps; dessous du corps
granuleux, non écailleux, et d’une seule piéce; pattes bi-onguicuilées, non
vesiculiféres.’
‘My own inquiries in some respects agree with those of M. Savigny,
who made a careful study of this insect. He says that they are more
frequently parasites. A Persian remarked to me that the small species are
found on the bodies of fowls and other larger birds, and that afterwards
when nearly grown up adhere to walls, from which, during the hot summer
nights, they sally forth in quest of food. The theory of the natives is also
that during the winter the Avgas lives on the fowl, thus accounting for its
disappearance ; but that during the summer, the air being hot, they live
during the day on walls, and come forth at night. But the theory that the
Miana bug is a parasite of the fowl can hardly be credited; else how is it
accounted for in such isolated and far-apart places? The fowl is domesticated
all over Persia, and not in the few places where the Miana bug is met with,
such as at Miana, on the post-road between Teheran and Sabreez, where it is
called Melleh, specimens of which I hope shortly to be able to procure and
forward to the Society for examination; at Mazrah, on the Resht-Teheran
post-road, from whence were procured the five specimens forwarded.
Dr. Pollak, recently Professor of Medicine in the Polytechnic at Teheran,
describes the Miana bug as the ‘ Kench’; but this latter corresponds to
Ipodes ricinus, the sheep-tick. The Argas is also found at Chesma Ali,
near Asterabad, at Shahroud, in Khorassan, and at Kashan, where it is
severally known as the ‘ shebgaz,’ or night bug, and ‘ careebgaz,’ or stranger
bug, being said not to sting the natives.
“Dr. Schlimmer, some time Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in the
Military College here, in his ‘Terminologie Medico-Pharmaceutique et
Anthropologique,’ has a note on the Argas, in which he says:—‘I think it
is a mistaken idea that the natives of Miana are not bitten by this wretched
bug. I fancy that once in their lives they were bitten without having
noticed it,—for instance, whilst a suckling, or in early youth, or perhaps
without remembering it,—and are on this account rendered insusceptible of
a second bite. I base,’ he continues, ‘this theory on my own experience.
At my first visit to Miana, I myself suffered acutely from the bite of this
venomous insect; but on a second and third visit I am not aware of having
been bitten; further, in over eight hundred cases of bites from the violent
black scorpion of Persia which have come under my notice, I was unable to
discover the man who remembered a former bite during his lifetime. It
would appear from this that the poison once inoculated into the system
XXil
renders one insusceptible to a succeeding attack, acting like vaccine against
smallpox.’ It may be well to remark here that a popular Persian remedy
against the Argas bite is to roll in a piece of sweetmeat, or otherwise a bug,
and administer it when the recipient is about to go on a journey where he
is likely to come across them. He goes on to say :—‘ At all events, the
symptoms produced by the bite of the Argas of Miana are strikingly similar
to those of remittent fever—extreme lassitude, loss of appetite, disgust with
one’s work, producing yawning, with great heat and partial perspiration, but
little thirst, dissatisfaction and soothing sensations at certain hours of the
day.’
“These symptoms have been attributed to malarial fever to which
strangers would be subject, while the natives would be spared; but the
uatives do not present that appearance of being subject to Paludian fevers
which natives inhabiting malarially disposed places bear. At Shahroud,
Miana, Mazrah, Kashan, &c., where the Argas exists, malarial fever is scarcely
known, which is quite enough to show that the symptoms above described
are produced by the bite of the Avgas itself. A victim of the latter thus
describes his sufferings:—‘ The first day I perceived several small punc-
tures; second day, black spots replaced the punctures, delirium ensuing,
white matter oozing from the punctures; delirium followed by intermittent
fever. Ipecacuanha and quinine, in large doses, administered without effect ;
patient given up by doctors; finally, bitter decoction of pomegranate peel
completely cured patient.’ Another popular remedy of the Persians is to
administer copious draughts of milk, then to tie patient into a kind of netting
to a tree, and keep turning net round, letting it unwind of its own accord.
This treatment produces violent vomitting, and ninety-nine patients out of
a hundred die through it.
«‘ Maurice Kotzebue, who is quoted by M. Fischer, mentions two cases ;
in the first the patient experienced throughout his body a violent heat, and
was prostrated into a sort of delirium, expiring shortly in dreadful con-
vulsions. ‘The second case was communicated to him by Col. Baron Wrede,
Russian Minister at Teheran. He arrived at Miana late in the season,
and, fancying himself free on that account, passed a night there, but took
the precaution to keep a candle lighted all night. He himself was not
bitten; but one of his retinue, a Cossack, had a black spot on his foot,
had delirium, and was prostrated in a violent access of madness. The
natives advised the usual remedy—to kill a cow and wrap the poisoned
limb in its warm hide. But this expedient proved fruitless. As a rule,
this treatment is said to be attended with success, but the poor Cossack
died soon after in fearful agony. Should this latter treatment prove
successful it is necessary to adopt a strict diet of sugar and water and
honey for at least forty days; meat and alcoholic drinks must be totally
abstained from.
XX1il
«The Miana bug is generally found in old habitations and in holes in
walls. It is rarely seen during the day, particularly disliking light, even at
night; notwithstanding which candles and lamps do not always stop them
from biting one. In the winter they remain inactive, being particularly
venomous during the great summer heats. From time immemorial Miana
has been affected by them. Death has been known to ensue from their
bite in less than twenty-four hours.”
Mr. Roland Trimen communicated the following notes :—
“On the pairing of a Butterfly with a Moth.
“ Colonel J. H. Bowker, F.Z.8S., lately sent me from D’Urban, Natal,
a small Salamis Anacardii (Linn.), with an account of its capture by him
in copula with a female Aphelia Apollinaris, Boisd. Col. Bowker wrote, on
9th February, 1880 :—‘ On January 24th, at Umgeni Hill, I was following
a butterfly into a bush cutting, when I saw two large butterflies come
fluttering down from the upper branches of a tree into an undergrowth of
thorny twigs. I took them for dnacardit in copula, and immediately went
to secure them. Although I advanced to within a foot of the pair, it was
so difficult to get at them with the net that I looked very carefully to see
how I could secure them; and you may guess my astonishment on perceiving
that the two were dnacardii and a large white moth! At first I thought it
was a fight; then that they might be in the clutches of some leaf-like or
stick-like Mantis; but the longer I looked the clearer the case became.
Anacardii (male) was holding on to a small branch, while the moth with
drooping wings was hanging head downwards; the latter was a perfect
specimen, soft and fresh from the pupa. After satisfying myself as to
the true state of the case, I tried to capture them, and at length
succeeded in getting hold of dnacardii by the wings, and began drawing
the pair towards me. Just as I thought I was sure of them, and was
about to pop them into my net, the moth made a violent struggle and
got away; and, though I followed her up, I lost her round a corner of
the bush. I am sorry that I can thus only send the butterfly, but the
moth with closed wings that I forward is of the same species as that
concerned. ‘his moth flies by day, and is often playing about among
butterflies; it was very numerous on the occasion I am writing about.
You will observe the likeness it bears to Anacardit, especially in the
little ringed eyes on the wings.’
“The likeness here referred to by Col. Bowker is a very general one,
but quite noticeable, the general whitish colouring of the moth resembling
that of the under side of the butterfly, and its yellow spots in fuscous rings
being yery similar to the more complicated ocelli of Anacardii. The
Anacardii, in this instance, is an unusually small male; and it seems to me
XX1V
not improbable that he mistook the Aphelia Apollinaris (a large broad-winged,
active day-flying insect) for a female of his own species; as I once saw, at
Natal, the male Diadema Misippus for a long time pursue a female Danats
Chrysippus, though in this case no union ensued. Aphelia is usually located
among the Saturniida, but it presents points of affinity to the Liparide also.
A. Apollinaris is in both sexes often yellow instead of white; its wings are
subdiaphanous, and almost identical on both surfaces as to colour and
pattern. It is so active in the day-time as constantly to be mistaken for
some species of Pierid@ among butterflies.”
“On a supposed Female of Dorylus helvolus (Linn).
“The gravid female ant, of which a rough outline is here given, was
brought to me by Mr. C. A. Fairbridge, Senior Trustee of the South-
African Museum, on the 29th May, 1880, with the information
that it had been dug out from a nest of small red ants on
his premises at Sea Point, close to Cape ‘Town. ‘These
small ants were a nuisance, and he was obliged to order
the destruction of their nest; but, with his wonted attention
to all matters of zoological interest, he instructed the man
charged with the work to look for and secure the large female
or females which probably inhabited the depth of the nest,
and the single specimen figured was dug out. It is a very
remarkable insect in appearance; in colour chestnut-red,
paler on the abdomen, and very highly polished throughout,
especially in the abdominal region. ‘There is no trace of
eyes (compound or ocelli) on the globose subcordate head.
The antenne are 8—9 jointed; the mandibles strong, curved, acute,
without tooth; these two pairs of organs very like those of Dorylus
(male), but shorter and thinner. All the males are like those of
Dorylus (male), but the femora more attenuated ; the thorax shaped very
similarly to that of the figure (IF. Smith, in Cat. Hymen. Brit. Mus.) of
Anomura worker, but considerably wider in proportion to the head; peduncle
of abdomen wider than thorax, its posterior angles outwardly acuminate ;
rest of abdomen greatly widened (the segments 8, 4 and 5 being the widest
and much flattened), and terminating in a pair of strong, horny, fuscous
processes ; the entire abdomen more than three times as long as the head
and thorax together.
“This specimen was slightly injured about the anal extremity, to which
some viscid matter and grains of earth were adhering. On removing this
secretion I found and removed three small reddish worker ants entangled
in it, one of them still alive. These measure only about 12 line in length,
and were found under the lens to be eyeless, and in general structure close
to, if not identical with, dnomura. Through one of the horn-like abdominal
XXV
plates, the eggs massed within the body of the gravid female could be
distinctly seen under a low power. The female was alive when brought, and
remained so until this morning (31st May): she manifested more activity
than her long heavy abdomen would have led one to expect; no doubt the
very high polish of the under surface aided locomotion. The thoracic
structure seems quite to negative the probability of this female having
possessed wings.”
Messrs. F. Du Cane Godman and Osbert Salvin communicated ‘“ A List
of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta,
Colombia, and the vicinity.”
New Part of ‘ Transactions.’
Part II. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1880 was on the table.
August 4, 1880.
J. W. Dunnina, M.A., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair. ©
The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the
respective donors.
Exhibitions, de.
Sir Sidney Saunders forwarded for exhibition four living specimens of
Prosopis rubicola, all stylopized females recently bred from laryve extracted
from briars received from Epirus; each of these small bees bearing the
projecting puparium of a male Hylechthrus, and in one instance two of the
latter. He also communicated the following notes thereon :—
“Jn their pupal nymph-condition these bees had become considerably
distended and yellow (instead of opaque white), their apparent discomfiture
from the presence of these internal parasites seeming to account for the
usual appearance of stylopized specimens before others.. Immediately on
divesting its pupal pellicle, when the imago Prosopis is soft and moist,
the parasitic larva protrudes between the abdominal segments its white
head, which soon assumes a castaneous tinge; and about the third day,
when the integument has become more or less corneous, an internal
separation takes place, whereby the apex becomes semi-transparent, the
pseudo-pupa retiring within to undergo its metamorphosis as a true pupa
or nymph. ‘This intermediate stage corresponds with that which Fabre
has described as the ‘troisieme larve’ in Sitaris and Meloé, exhibiting
within its puparium (the indurated larva-skin) a sluggish movement for
E
XXV1
a brief interval, during which period the second larval form is closely
imitated, followed by a moult; after which the true pupa is developed,
having all its members severally swaddled in another pellicle, to be again
discarded on attaining the perfect state, when the black head of the imago
(in the Stylopida) is thrust forward to the apex of the puparium, about the
eighth day after the protrusion of the latter as aforesaid.
“This larviform condition of the pseudo-pupa in Hylechthrus I have
verified by extraction, such preliminary stage serving to complete the
analogy with the Meloide in other respects.
“The Prosopis communis having been found stylopized in England, its
ordinary parasite, the Hylechthrus, may not improbably be discovered in
connexion therewith, by collecting the larvee of the former from desiccated
briars, dock stems, and other known habitats, and keeping them on cotton-
wool until maturity.”
A collection of such larvee and nymphs from Epirus was also exhibited,
including one of the latter (placed apart) distended and yellow, about to
produce a stylopized imago.
Miss EK. A. Ormerod exhibited a soft, fleshy, gall-like formation found
on Lhododendron ferrugineum at Merton, and believed by Dr. Thomas to
be a fungoid growth.
Mr. Fitch stated he had often possessed specimens of this supposed gall,
and had attempted in vain to breed an insect from them; he was therefore
disposed to concur in Dr. Thomas’s view.
Mr. T. RK. Billups exhibited a specimen of Heptaulacus villosus from
Box Hill.
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse stated that about five years ago he had taken
from forty to fifty specimens of this rare beetle in a chalk-pit in Fresh-
water Bay.
Papers read.
Mr. H. J. Elwes communicated a paper ‘“ On the Genus Colias,” and
Mr. W. L. Distant read a paper entitled “Notes on Exotic Rhynchota,
with descriptions of new species.”
September 1, 1880.
H. T. Sratnton, F'.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair.
The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the
respective donors.
XXVll
Election of a Foreign Member.
Miss Emily A. Smith, Assistant State Entomologist of Illinois, of
Peoria, Illinois, was ballotted for and elected a Foreign Member.
Exhibitions, déc.
Mr. J. Jenner Weir exhibited a male Odonestis potatoria having two-
thirds of the upper wings of the yellow colour of the female, and a female
of the same species of the usual dull red colour of the male: also a male
Smerinthus populi, having the wings almost without markings, and of the
light colour generally found in the female, the right antenna being clubbed
at the extremity, and not pointed as usual.
Sir Sidney Saunders exhibited six winged examples of the Stylopideous
genus fHylechthrus, five having been obtained from the specimens of
Prosopis rubicola exhibited alive at the last meeting, one of the latter
having produced two of the former. Four adult larvze of males were found
in another of the same bees which became arrested in its development in
the pupal stage. He also exhibited several of these bees having females of
Hylechthrus in situ, and the puparium of a male extracted entire with the
imago enclosed therein; also various Hymenoptera obtained from the same
briars, among which were specimens of the Chaleidideous genus Melittobia,
and a new species of Scleroderma.
SCLERODERMA EPHIPPIUM.
Capite pedibusque nigro-piceis, genubus tarsisque pallidis; thorace
flavo, mesothorace antice lateribusque fuscis; abdomine nigro-
piceo; facie, mandibulis, et antennis flavis.
Long. corp. 8—34 mill.
Four other species of Scleroderma from Greece are recorded in Professor
Westwood’s monograph of this genus published in the second volume of
our ‘ Transactions,’ 1837—1840. ‘This species is also met with in Corfu in
the dry snags of fig-trees during winter.
Miss E. A. Ormerod exhibited some galls found on Tanacetum vulgare,
and stated that Mr. Fitch had obtained some of a similar kind last year
near Maldon, Essex; but the present specimens were peculiar from the
gall-crowths being not only in the axils of the leaves, but also on the midribs
and pinne and on the inflorescence. The galls on the leaves are smaller than
the others and solitary ; those into which the axillary growth of shocts has
merged itself are for the most part confluent, forming bunches of as many
as seven solid bell-shaped galls grown together at the sides, or sometimes
completely surrounding the main stem. In the inflorescence also as many
as six or seven galls may be found on the receptacle of the composite flower,
XXVlll
these being generally single, but occasionally confluent, and frequently
bearing one or more florets on the side of the gall. The galls vary much
in size, those on the leaves being only about three-sixteenths of an inch
long, whilst the axillary ones are from about three-eighths to half an inch
in length, and those on the flowers of intermediate size. The width is also
variable, and depends on the condition of the gall; in the normal state it is
about three-quarters of the length, and the gall is bell-shaped, swollen at
the base and more or less contracted above, but again spreading at the upper
extremity, which is prolonged into several pointed segments, giving the gall
much the appearance of a miniature seedhead of Aquilegia in reversed
position. The gall is depressed in the centre between three segments,
where it is also covered with white downy hairs. The colour is green, in
some cases turning to purple towards maturity. Internally it is fleshy and
solid, with one cavity in the middle of the most typically formed galls, but
from their distortion and confluence there may be more. In some of the
specimens this chamber communicates by an aperture with the downy
depression above, and contains a brilliant orange or scarlet larva, much
resembling that of a Cecidomyia ; whether it is of that genus remains to be
seen, as apparently the gall and its tenant are as yet undescribed. The
specimens exhibited were found about the 24th of August on the bank of
the Brent Canal, near Brentford, on one clump of tansy growing immediately
above the water, and the largest numbers were in the inflorescence of a stem
which was lying partly in the water with the flower-head a few inches above
the surface.
Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited a female specimen of Polyblastus Wahlbergi,
an Ichneumon new to Britain, taken at Ashstead. A male had previously
been captured by Dr. Capron.
Mr. E. Boscher exhibited living specimens of the two varieties of the
larva of Smerinthus ocellatus, and read the following note :—
“T exhibited last October coloured drawings of Smerinthus ocellatus,
showing the marked difference between those feeding on Salix viminalis
and S. triandra (Proc. Ent. Soc. 1879, p. xliv). I have now brought for
exhibition some living caterpillars found feeding respectively on Salix
viminalis and apple. I wish particularly to draw attention to those on the
Salix, of which I found about a dozen feeding on the same plant, and all
marked with brown spots. Others which I found on another species of
Salix, in an osier-bed some little distance off, were of the ordinary bluish
sreen form without the brown spots, and identical with those found on
apples.”
Mr. Meldola exhibited some specimens of Camptogramma bilineata,
a large number of which had been found by Mr. James English near
Epping attached firmly to the leaves of the “ tea-tree” (Lycium barbarwm)
XX1X
by the abdomen, in which position they had died, possibly from the effects
of a fungoid disease.
Mr. A. H. Swinton communicated the following :—
“* Note on Luciola Italica.
“ Towards the end of June the Luciola [talica is common along the
damp plane-tree walks that border the torrent-bed of the Po at Turin.
They commence to glitter at night after the close of dusk under the
hanging foliage and along the weedy river-banks, moving in straight lines
and emitting an intermittent light, whose fitfulness renders their capture
not a little puzzling and difficult. If more closely watched it is found they
only fly thus for a little space, and then settle down on the twigs and plants
to rest. When introdnced into a room at night and let go, they rise zigzag
to the ceiling, and as they dart like miniature meteors their light vacillates
from a round fire-globe to a lozenge-shaped nebula. Placed in vicinity
beneath inverted tumblers, they flash out their light alternately and
responsive. One morning after the enaction of such display, I fancied
I perceived an odour of the common puff-ball fungus in the glass where one
was confined.
«A luminous Coleopterous larva (?) I found in the Island of Capri
emitted a light that shone through the chip-box in which it lay. The glow
was quenched seemingly at the pleasure of the creature, and seemed to
become brighter when the box was disturbed.”
October 6, 1889.
H. T. Srarnron, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair.
The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the
respective donors.
Election of Members.
Sir Arthur Scott, of Birmingham, and 97, Katon Square, W., and
Mr. Frank Edward Robinson, of 10, Little Clarendon Street, Oxford, were
balloted for and elected ordinary Members.
Exhibitions.
Mr. M‘Lachlan stated that last year (Proc. Ent. Soc., 1879, p. xliii) he
had exhibited specimens of Anthocoris nemorum, an Hemipterous insect,
which, under the name of the “needle-nosed flea,” had been supposed by
a correspondent residing near Canterbury to be damaging the hops in that
neighbourhood, At the time of exhibiting the specimens he had expressed
XXX
the opinion that this insect was not the true culprit, its habits being probably
carnivorous, and he had recently heard from the same correspondent that
the hops were much less attacked this year, and that a small larva had
been found in the cones on careful examination. Specimens of this larva
were now exhibited, Mr. M‘Lachlan considering them to be those of some
fly, and further expressing his belief that the Anthocoris was in search of
this Dipterous larva, and was thus of service to the hop-growers.
Sir Sidney Saunders exhibited a series of apterous females of the new
species of Scleroderma adverted to at the previous meeting, and also a
single specimen of the same sex with wings and ocelli, which he had
obtained from a number of cocoons closely connected together within the
empty cell of a Raphiglossa in briars from Epirus. He also explained various
circumstances connected with their structure and habits, which, together
with a full description of the species, he proposes to bring before the Society
in a separate form.
Mr. W. F. Wirby exhibited the following varieties of British Lepi-
doptera :—
A series of varieties of Argynnis selene taken by his son at Dusseldorf.
The most remarkable form is shown in the accompanying figures :—
Two hermaphrodite specimens of Smerinthus populi bred by Mr. Shuttle-
worth from the same lot of pupe.
A dark specimen of Hemerophila abruptaria, captured in London by
Mr. Olliffe.
An hermaphrodite specimen of Hnnomos angularia, having one antenna
pectinated and the other filiform, bred by Mr. Hudson.
The Rev. E. N. Geldart, who was present as a visitor, exhibited and
made remarks upon a variety of Argynnis selene, captured on July 5th
between Reigate and Betchworth.
Mr. E. A. Fitch exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Theodore Wood, a specimen
of Acronycta megacephala, with only two wings, having been found in this
state on a tree trunk.
Mr. Ralfe, who was present as a visitor, exhibited a specimen of Vanessa
antiopa, taken on Wimbledon Common, August 24th, 1880; also a specimen
of Acontia solaris from Eastbourne, captured August 12th, 1880, and a very
bleached specimen of Plusia gamma, received from some dealer, and of
doubtful history.
XXX1
Papers read, de.
Mr. Hildebrand Ramsden communicated the following note on Pyro-
phorus causticus :—
“Ffaving two living specimens of the ‘Cucuyo,’ or native Firefly of
Cuba, it has been suggested that the members of the Entomological Society
would be interested in seeing them. Mr. Charles Waterhouse himself
identified the species as Pyrophorus causticus, Candéze. The insects were
captured at Santiago de Cuba on the 4th of May last, and reached England
on the 30th of the same month. During the voyage, and since their arrival
in this country, they have been supplied with water and sugar-cane or brown
sugar. The insects appear to be as well now as when they landed, though
they have been in this country over three months. During the daytime
they conceal themselves under any covering they can find, remaining
motionless and non-luminous till dusk, when they light their lamps and
move about. At first it would seem as if motion and luminosity went
together and were dependent on each other; but this is not invariably the
cease, for I have observed the insects become non-luminous while walking
away in order to conceal themselves. While engaged in eating they are
generally semi-luminous, their lights constantly increasing and diminishing
in intensity, and reminding one of the end of a cigar smoked in the dark.
In the daytime they become luminous by being excited and made to move
about. In addition to the two luminous balls there is a luminous band
underneath the thorax, which is, however, only apparent when the insect
is in the act of rising to take flight.” .
Mr. A. H. Swinton read two papers entitled ‘‘ Some experiments on the
variability of Lepidoptera, undertaken during the year 1880,” parts i. and
ii., and exhibited specimens and figures in illustration.
Mr. A. G. Butler read a paper entitled “ Observations upon certain
species of the Lepidopterous genus Terias, with descriptions of hitherto
unknown forms from Japan.”
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse communicated a paper ‘ On the Buprestide from
Madagascar,” and Mr. F. Moore a paper “On the Asiatic Lepidoptera
referred to the genus Mycalesis, with descriptions of new genera and
species.”
Mr. W. F. Kirby called the Society’s attention to the circumstance that
M. Andre, who is publishing a work on European Hymenoptera, sometimes
prints descriptions of new genera and species which are forwarded to him
too late for insertion in the body of the work, not only on the cover of his
quarterly parts, but even at the end of sheets of advertisements laid loosely
between the pages of a part. He also mentioned that coloured plates of
butterflies were published in Paris with MS. names taken from Boisduval’s
XXX
collection attached; the species being in most cases well-known forms which
had long been properly described or figured by other entomologists.
A discussion relating to M. Andre’s practice then took place, in the
course of which remarks were made by Mr. M‘Lachlan, Mr. Distant, and
other Members, the general opinion being that such a mode of describing
genera and species was most derogatory to Science, and that it was much to
be deplored that the Society had not the power of enforcing a rule that such
descriptions should be ignored by systematists.
November 38, 1880.
Sir Joun Luppocr, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., &e., President, in the chair.
The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the
respective donors.
Election of Members.
Mr. Edward Meyrick, of Ramsbury, Hungerford, Wilts, was ballotted
for and elected an ordinary Member. Capt. Thomas Broun, of Auckland,
New Zealand, a former Subscriber, was ballotted for and elected an
ordinary Member. Dr. EK. Brandt, President of the Russian Entomological
Society, &c., of the Imperial Medico-Chirurgical Academy, St. Petersburg,
was ballotted for and elected a Foreign Member.
Exhibitions, é&c.
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Sydney Olliffe,
a pair of dwarf specimens of H’pione vespertaria, taken at Arundel.
Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited some very curious galls on a broad-leaved
Eucalyptus from Australia. ‘They were of large size, very hard, with four
longitudinal keels, each of which was prolonged into a long cornute
appendage. ‘The maker of the galls was a Lepidopterous larva, perhaps
pertaining to the Pyralide. When opened the galls gave out a very
powerful odour, somewhat resembling that of Rvbes nigrum, and in all those
opened there was what appeared to be an imperfectly-formed pupa of a moth
much distended, occupying the whole of the cavity, and always crammed
with the developed pups of a Hymenopterous parasite of the family
Chalcidide. No gall presented any opening whence either moth or parasite
could have escaped; but on the crown, between the four horns or processes,
there was a very minute orifice, which probably served to admit air, other-
wise scarcely obtainable through the thick and hard walls of the galls.
Mr. M‘Lachlan then mentioned that he had received a letter from
Mr. D. G. Rutherford, from Camaroons, West Africa, in which the writer
XXXill
stated that he had taken Papilio merope and P. cenea, in copula, and had
obtained eggs and young larve therefrom.
Mr. Roland Trimen observed that, to the best of his knowledge, Papilio
cenea, Stoll, was a form of the female peculiar to the South, and that the
female intended by Mr. Rutherford was probably either Hippocoon, Fab.
(the prevalent West African form), or Trophonius, Westw., var., or possibly
the somewhat intermediate form named Dionysos by Doubleday, also in-
habiting Western Africa. In any case the observation was important as
confirming the statements as to the polymorphic condition of the female of
merope.
Prof. Westwood exhibited a globular gall on the surface of a sallow-leaf,
made by a species of Tenthredinida@ ; also a Dipterous larva (Syrphus), found
closely adhering to the stem of a pelargonium.
Mr. W. F. Kirby exhibited, on behalf of the Rev. J. K. Brown, of
Maidstone, a remarkable variety of Epunda lutulenta; and, on behalf of
Mr. Ralfe, a specimen of Apatura tlia, which this gentleman stated he had
captured in Pinner Wood last July.
Sir John Lubbock exhibited some interesting larvae which Mr. Calvert
had forwarded to him from the Troad, through Sir J. Hooker. He stated
that these larve had recently appeared there in great numbers, and were
likely to prove most useful, as they fed on the eggs of locusts. The larvee
were, in his opinion, Coleopterous, probably those of a beetle allied to
Cantharis. Mr. Riley had recently described the transformations of certain
insects belonging to this group, and natives of the United States. The
young larve on first hatching are thin, active little creatures, which eat
their way into the cases of locust’s eggs, where they rapidly grow into fat,
fleshy grubs. Mr. Calvert states that in his neighbourhood a large pro-
portion of the locusts’ eggs have this year been destroyed by these larve.
Sir John Lubbock suggested that if the species does not exist in Cyprus
it might be worth while to introduce it there.
Mr. Roland Trimen exhibited the wingless female Hymenopteron, of
which he had recently sent a sketch and brief account to the Society (see
Proc. Ent. Soc., July 7th, 1880, p. xxiv), and which, from all the circum-
stances attending its discovery near Cape Town by Mr. C. A. Fairbridge,
he had strong grounds for regarding as the female of the well-known Dorylus
helvolus, Linn. He also showed a second specimen of the same female,
presented to the South-African Museum by M. C. L. Peringuey, which was
stated to have been found near Cape Town on the surface of the ground ;
whereas Mr. Fairbridge’s example had been taken at a depth of about
eighteen inches at the bottom of the nest of a small red ant, believed to
belong to the genus Anomma, of which Mr. Trimen exhibited three workers
found attached to the large female. The latter seemed clearly referable to
Gerstaecker’s genus Dichthodia (Stett. Entom. Zeit., xxiv., p. TOtE- TL;
F
XXXIV
fig. 2), which that author regarded as almost certainly the female of
Dorylus.
Mr. Trimen also exhibited six cases fabricated by a South-African
Lepidopterous larva, of which the outer covering consisted, not of pieces of
grass, twigs, or other vegetable substances, but of particles of sand and
fragments of stone. The very peculiar aspect of these cases was due to the
fact that along each side was attached a series of much larger fragments of
stone, roughly triangular in shape, and regularly arranged in a single row,
with the longest point outwards; the effect of this arrangement being to
give the case the general appearance of a Myriapod, and indeed a not very
remote resemblance to Peripatus. These cases (in two instances con-
taining the living larvee) were found in the dry elevated “ Karroo” country
of the Cape Colony, in the districts of Beaufort and Clanwilliam, and
were presented to the South-African Museum by Mr. Thomas Bain and
Mr. J. R. Maquard respectively. Mr, Bain designated the larva as a
“geologist in miniature,” but wrote that its local name among the Boers
(who regarded it as highly venomous!) was “ Zand-Beestje.” Mr. 'Trimen
was unable to rear the larva, owing to ignorance of its food-plant; but,
from its appearance when out of its case, he thought that it would in all
probability have furnished a large moth of the family Psychide.
Papers read.
Sir Sidney Saunders read a paper ‘‘ On the habits and affinities of the
Hymenopterous Genus Scleroderma, with descriptions of new species.”
Mr. Edward Saunders read a paper entitled “A Synopsis of British
Heterogyna and fossorial Hymenoptera.”
Prof. Westwood read a paper containing descriptions of new species of
exotic Diptera, with a supplement containing descriptions of species formerly
published by the author in inaccessible periodicals.
New Part of ‘ Transactions.’
Part III. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1880, published in October, was on
the table.
December 1, 1880.
Sir Joun Lupgock, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., President, in the chair.
The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the
respective donors.
XXXV
The President announced the names of the Members proposed as
Officers and Council for 1881, and nominated the Auditors for the accounts
of the present year.
Exhibitions.
Mr. F. P. Pascoe exhibited a large series of Arescus histrio, collected in
Peru by Mr. Buckley, and interesting as showing the extreme variability of
the markings on the elytra of this species.
The Rev. H. 8. Gorham remarked that he had also observed this great
variability, and that he possessed one specimen in which the markings were
unsymmetrical on the two elytra. He stated that although the markings
were so variable, the colour of the antennee appeared to be always constant.
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse had also seen a specimen marked unsym-
metrically, and had likewise observed the constancy in the colour of the
antenne.
Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited four species of Pezomachus new to Britain,
viz., P. Miilleri, P. juvenilis, P. intermedius, and P. incertus. He also
exhibited twenty species of Coleoptera found in a small parcel of corn-refuse
from Mr. Fitch’s granaries at Maldon, viz., Calandra granaria, Linn., and
C. oryze, Linn.; Trogosita mauritanica, Linn.; Lemophleus ferrugineus,
Steph., and L. pusillus, Schon. (rare); Silvanus surinamensis, Linn. ;
Monotoma quadrifoveolata, Aube (rare); Byphaea fumata, Linn.; Ptinus
fur, Linn.; Niptus hololeucus, Fald.; Gibbiwm scotias, Fab.; Rhizopertha
pusilla, Fab.; Alphitophagus 4-pustulatus, Steph. ; Tribolium ferrugineum,
Fab., and 7. confusum, Duval; Latheticus oryz@, C. O. Waterhouse (a new
species); EHypophlwus depressus, Fab. ; Alphitobius piceus, Oliv.; Tenebrio
molitor, Linn., and T’. obscurus, Fab.
The President exhibited two specimens in alcohol of a species of
Phasmide forwarded by a correspondent in St. Vincent.
Mr. W. D. Cansdale exhibited a specimen of Tischeria gaunacella, a
species of Tineina, recently added to the British list, bred from Prunus
spinosa in May, 1878; he also exhibited a remarkable variety of Cidaria
russata.
Papers read.
Mr. John Scott communicated a paper “On a Collection of Hemiptera
from Japan.”
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse read a paper entitled “ Description of a new
species of the anomalous genus Polyctenes,” and exhibited a diagram
illustrating the structure of this insect.
XXXV1
ANNUAL MEETING,
January 19, 1881.
Sir Joun Lussoocr, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., &c., President, in the chair.
Mr. J. W. Dunning, one of the Auditors, read an abstract of the
Treasurer’s Accounts for 1880, showing a balance of about £57 in favour
of the Society.
Mr. F’. P. Pascoe proposed, and Mr. K. A. Fitch seconded, that the
abstract of the Treasurer’s Accounts just read should be accepted. This
was put to the meeting and carried unanimously.
The Secretary then read the following :—
Report oF THE Councit For 1881.
The Council, in compliance with the Bye-Laws, begs to present the
following Report :—
During the year 1880 the Society has lost three Members by death
and seven by resignation, while eighteen new Members and Subscribers
have been elected, thus showing a total increase of eight. The deaths
that we have to record are those of Prof. Edward Grube and Mr. Andrew
Swanzy, and at the end of last month our Society lost one of its
ten Honorary Members, in the person of the well-known Lepidopterist,
M. Achille Guenée, of Chateaudun. ‘The Council will, at an early
meeting, propose the name of some other gentleman to fill the vacancy
thus caused.
With reference to our financial position, the Council has much pleasure
in pointing to a balance of about £57 in favour of the Society, as shown by
the following abstract of the Treasurer’s accounts :—
RECEIPTS. PAYMENTS.
Balance in hand — - - - £3 | Rent, Office, and ibal £116
Contributions of Members ~ "2309 Expenses : =
Life-compositions - = =) SBiku Publications - = : Se Sit
Sale of Publications - - 99 | Library - - 2 ‘ Pet 2310)
Interest on Consols : z 5 | Investment in Consols - =) el6
Donations - = S ~ BY
£400 £343
This unusually large balance is attributable to the fact that our
publishing expenses have not been as large as usual, while, on the other
XXXV11
hand, two life-compositions have been paid, and the large sum of £99 has
been realized by the sale of our publications.
The ‘Transactions’ for 1880 (exclusive of the ‘ Proceedings’) form a
volume of 320 pages, containing eighteen papers, illustrated by nine plates,
of which five are coloured. The thanks of the Society are due to the
Rey. H. 8. Gorham, who defrayed a part of the cost of Plate I., and to
Messrs. Godman and Salvin for their presentation of Plates III. and IV.
Four wood-cuts have appeared in our ‘ Proceedings,’ and the Council
is of opinion that the custom of figuring remarkable varieties of insects
that may be exhibited at our meetings cannot but tend to increase the
value of this part of our publications, and to add to the interest of such
exhibitions.
The Council have under consideration a proposal to make an alteration
with respect to the distribution of our ‘Transactions,’ and as this change,
if adopted, would involve a modification of one of our Bye-Laws, a special
meeting must in that case be called. It is proposed to place our town and
country Members on the same footing, and to give the ‘ Transactions’ to
all the Members of, and Subscribers to, the Society, without any further
payment beyond their ordinary annual subscription. It is estimated that
while by the adoption of this plan the Society would only incur, in the first
instance, a loss of about £15 per annum, in all probability an increased
number of new Members would be induced to join us if such an additional
advantage were offered.
The Library continues to grow by the addition of the usual periodicals,
and of many valuable works acquired by donation, purchase, and exchange.
Among these acquisitions may be mentioned Lucas’s ‘Exploration de
l’Algérie (Aunulosa),’ three vols. and atlas; Piaget’s ‘ Monographie des
Pédiculines’; Herbst’s ‘ Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und
Krebse,’ &c. ‘The Society is indebted to the Trustees of the British
Museum for Butler's ‘ Lepidoptera Heterocera,’ for Lord Walsingham’s
‘American Tortricid,’ and for C. O. Waterhouse’s ‘ Lycide’; to the Royal
Society for the completion of their ‘ Catalogue of Scientific Papers,’ and to
the Ceylon Government for Part I. of Moore’s ‘ Lepidoptera of Ceylon’;
whilst many other valuable donations have been acknowledged at the
ordinary meetings. Increasing use is made of the books, and the Librarian
reports that during the past year 100 more volumes have been in circulation
than during 1879.
The attendance list shows that the twelve meetings held during the
past year have on the whole been well supported, and the numerous
exhibitions and discussions recorded in our ‘ Proceedings’ will show that
their interest has been well maintained.
11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, London, W.
January 19, 1881.
XXXVI111
The President proposed that the above report should be adopted.
The motion was seconded by Mr. W. F. Kirby, and carried unanimously.
The President then nominated Mr. V. R. Perkins and Mr. M. J.
Walhouse as Scrutineers; and at the termination of the ballot the
following Members of Council were declared duly elected :—William Cole;
William L. Distant; F.DuCane Godman, F.L.8.; Ferdinand Grut, F.L.S.;
Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., &c.; Raphael Meldola, F.R.A.S.; Osbert
Salvin, M.A., F.R.S.; Edward Saunders, F.L.S.; H. T. Stainton, F.R.S.;
. EH. A. Fitch, F.L.8.; W. F. Kirby, F.L.8.; F. P. Pascoe, F.L.S.; Roland
Trimen, F.L.S.
The following officers were then declared to be duly elected :-—
President, H. 'T. Stainton, F.R.S.; Treasurer, E. Saunders; Librarian,
F. Grut; Secretaries, E. A. Fitch and W. F. Kirby.
An Address was then delivered by the President, at the conclusion of
which Mr. EF’. P. Pascoe moved a vote of thanks to Sir John Lubbock for
his services during his occupancy of the Presidential Chair, and proposed
that his Address should be printed. The proposal was seconded by
Mr. Fitch and carried by acclamation.
Sir John Lubbock having replied, Mr. J. W. Dunning proposed a vote of
thanks to the Treasurer, Secretaries, and Librarian. Mr. M. J. Walhouse
seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously.
Messrs. Grut, Meldola, and Distant made some remarks in reply.
Mr. Distant stated, in conclusion, that he was sure the members
would hear with regret that a portion of Epping Forest was threatened with
destruction. The subject had been brought under the notice of the
Council by Mr. Cole; and he had been requested to state that a resolution
had been passed expressing the wish that Epping Forest should be kept,
in accordance with the Act of Parliament, as far as possible, in its natural
condition. ‘The announcement was received with approbation.
ABSTRACT OF RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS.
1880 a £ s. d.| 1880 ara ce SRE
To Balance atl Jan. 1880 - 21110] By Rent, Salary of Sub-
Subscriptions, as per list - 162 11 0 Librarian, and oni} 115 18 5
Entrance Fees : = av 6 O Eapenses
Mears : : _ 3918 0 Printing - - - = Jal as) il
Compositions - : - 3110 0 Colouring Plates, &e. - 59 2 7
Denations 7 = _ 3119 6 Books, Binding, &e. - 2912 9
‘Transactions, sale of - 99 4 6 es ; po
Consols, interest on } £12 0
£313 4s. 8d. Balance 31st Dec.1880 - 57 13 2
£399 12 10 £399 12 10
ASSETS.
1D Gp Gk
Balance” - - = = E = - = = of 13) 2
Subscriptions due, but not paid, considered good (say) 8 8 0
Consols, £315 4s. 8d. - - - - (cost) 2938 4 0
£359 5 2
EDWARD SAUNDERS, Treasurer.
J. W. DUNNING.
Audited and found correct, Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE.
J. JENNER WEIR.
12th January, 188!.
9
‘aos 4 asta
xli
THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.
I must commence, Gentlemen, by tendering to you the
expression of my warm gratitude for your forbearance and
kindness during the last fifteen months. When I found that it
would be impossible for me to attend your meetings for some
time, I placed my resignation in the hands of the Council, who,
however, thought it better that I should continue in office until
the end of the usual term. I have to thank them for their
careful attention to the affairs of the Society; and especially to
the Secretaries and Vice-Presidents, and to Mr. Dunning, who
was good enough to deliver the address last year.
We may, I think, fairly congratulate ourselves that the
science of Entomology continues to make rapid progress. The
number of species recorded, and our knowledge of their habits,
anatomy, and affinities, are continually increasing.
The energy of Entomologists is so great, the subject is so
interesting and vast, and consequently the extent of Entomo-
logical literature is so enormous, that it is of course impossible
for your President to do more than refer to a very small
proportion of the numerous works and memoirs which have
appeared during his term of office.
Our own Transactions contain a number of valuable memoirs.
The list is as follows :—
Part I.—‘‘ Materials for a revision of the Lampyride,” by
Rev. H. S. Gorham. ‘‘Onsome Coleoptera from the Hawaian
Island,” by Dr. Sharp. ‘ On synonyms of Heterocerous Lepi-
doptera,” by A. G. Butler. ‘Descriptions of Cetonide and
Cerambycide from Madagascar,” by C. O. Waterhouse.
G
xlii
Part II.—‘‘ On the structure of the Lampyride, with refe-
rence to their phosphorescence,” by Rev. H. 8. Gorham. ‘‘ Notes
on the coloration and development of Insects,” by Peter Cameron.
“ On Cetonia aurata and Protaetia Bensoni,” by Prof. Westwood.
‘Materials for a revision of the Lampyride,” by Rev. H. 8.
Gorham. ‘On two gynandromorphous specimens of Cirrochroa
Aoris, &¢.,” by Prof. Westwood.
Part III.—*‘ A list of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the
Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia, and its vicinity,” by
Messrs. Godman and Salvin. ‘‘Onthe genus Colias,” by H. J.
Elwes. ‘‘ Notes on exotic Rhynchota, with descriptions of new
species,” by W. L. Distant.
Part IV.—‘‘ On the Asiatic Lepidoptera referred to the genus
Mycalesis ; with descriptions of new genera and species,” by
F. Moore. ‘‘On the Buprestide from Madagascar,” by C. O.
Waterhouse. ‘‘ Observations upon certain species of the Lepi-
dopterous genus T’erias, with descriptions of hitherto unnamed
forms from Japan,” by Arthur G. Butler. ‘“‘ Synopsis of British
Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera,” by Edward Saunders.
“On a collection of Hemiptera from Japan,” by John Scott.
** Description of a new species of the anomalous genus Polyctenes,”
by C. O. Waterhouse.
On the present occasion, however, I will not dwell on the
researches of our own members.
Quitting then our own contribution to Entomological science,
we are indebted to Dr. Grenacher for a very interesting and
important work* on the vision of insects, portions of which have
already appeared in preliminary communications. He points out
the curious fact that the different simple eyes in the same spider
differ in some species considerably in their structure.
He divides the compound eyes of insects into three types :—
Acone eyes, in which the crystal cone is not present, but is
represented throughout life by distinct cells ;
Pseudocone eyes, in which there is a special conical and
transparent medium ; and, lastly,
Eucone eyes, with true crystalline cones.
* Untersuchungen uber der Sehorgan der Arthropoden.
xiii
As regards the compound eye of insects, Dr. Grenacher
adopts the mosaic theory of Muller,—that is to say, he does
not consider that each facet produces an image, as is the case in
our eyes, but corresponds to a single point in the field of view.
In certain species, between the posterior end of the crystalline
cone and the front of the perceptive apparatus, is a narrow con-
striction, which is sometimes considerably produced, so that the
formation of an image would seem to be physically impossible.
Again, the formation of an image would require a power
of accommodation for different distances, but he could find
no trace that any such power exists.
Another objection is the extreme difficulty which would exist
of combining so many different images into one idea, though it
must be admitted that at first sight this difficulty (though to
a@ minor degree) exists even in the case of simple eyes, the
number of which varies considerably. Spiders have six to eight ;
some aquatic larve twelve; while the Oniscoidee, assuming that
these eyes are aggregates of simple eyes, as Muller supposed,
have as many as twenty to forty. These, however, take in
different parts of the field of vision.
The principal reasons which have led Dr. Gnomes to decide
in favour of Miiller’s theory of mosaic vision are as follows :—
In certain cases there is no lens, and consequently there can be
no image; in some it would seem that the image would be
formed completely behind the eye, while in others again it would
be too much in front. Another difficulty is that any true
projection of an image would in certain species be precluded by
the presence of impenetrable pigment, which only leaves a
minute central passage for the light-rays. In all cases moreover,
without any exception, even the sharpest image would be useless,
from the absence of a suitably receptive surface ; since both the
number and mode of combination of the elements composing that
surface seem to preclude it from receiving more than a single
impression. He concludes, therefore, that the image theory must
be definitely abandoned.
If these views are correct, we come to the interesting result
that while the image produced on the retina of the ocellus must
of course be reversed as in our own eyes; in the compound eyes,
on the contrary, the vision must be direct. That the same
animal should see some things directly, and others reversed ; and
xliv
yet obtain definite conceptions of the outer world, would certainly
be very remarkable.
With this fundamental difference between the ocellus and the
compound eye, it does not seem possible that either the ocellus
should be derived from the compound eye, or the compound eye
from the ocellus. On the contrary, both seem to point back to a
less developed ancestral type. Starting from such an origin, an
increase of the separate elements and an improvement of the
lens would lead to the ocellus, while an increase of the number
of eyes would bring us to the compound eye.
On the other hand, it must be admitted that there are reasons
for considering the different kinds of eyes to be of perfectly
distinct origm. The eye of Limulus, according to Grenacher, is
formed on a plan quite unlike that of other Crustacea. Again,
the development of the eye in Musca, to judge from Weismann’s
observations, is very dissimilar from that of other insects. The
varied position of the eye in different groups, as, for instance, in
Peeten, Spondylus, Huphansia, Onchidium, &c., point to the same
conclusion.
The old opinion was that the compound eyes were intended
for distant, the ocelli for near, vision, but Claparéde long ago
attempted to show that the reverse was the case.
Mr. Lowne, who has contributed to the ‘ Philosophical Trans-
actions’ for 1878 an interesting memoir on the ‘‘ Eyes of Insects,”
agrees with Grenacher in leaning towards Muller’s view, which,
indeed, he considers to be the only theory yet advanced capable
of explaining the phenomenon, ‘‘when we bear in mind the
relation of the recipient structures of the compound eye to the
nerve elements beneath them.” ‘The ocelli, on the other hand,
he regards as incapable of producing ‘‘anything worthy the
name of an image,” and he suspects that their function ‘‘is the
perception of the intensity in the direction of light rather than
vision.”
In opposition to Miiller’s statement that no portion of the com-
pound eye in any of the insects he examined corresponded in the
direction of the axis of the facets with the eye of the opposite side,
Mr. Lowne states that ‘‘in most insects the field of vision in the two
eyes has a common portion in the peripheral region in the
vicinity of the mouth; in this region the radius of curvature of
the cornea is very short. It is, therefore, only adapted for the
xlv
acute vision of very near objects. It is chiefly developed in
predaceous insects. It probably serves the insect in judging of
the distance of objects from the mouth.”
Mr. Lowne describes specially the eyes of Syrphus, Musca,
Eristalis, Tipula, Vespa, Formica, Agrion, Acridium, Vanessa,
Sphinx, and Noctua. He finds the eye of Sphinx to be inter-
mediate between those of the nocturnal and diurnal Lepidoptera,
while the highest development of the “aggregate eye” occurs in
the so-called compound eyes of the Nematocerous Diptera and
the Hymenoptera. He considers the eye of the Daddy Long-legs
(Trpula) to be intermediate in structure between a true compound
eye and a collection of ocelli—a view, however, which seems to
present considerable difficulties. As regards the power of vision
possessed by the compound eyes, he believes that a dragon-fly or
a wasp sees an object at a distance of twenty feet ‘‘in the same
detail that a man would perceive it if it were seen at a distance
of one hundred and sixty feet.’ On this point some observations
of M. Fabre’s are of much interest. Some years ago I tried
myself the experiment of taking bees to some distance from
home, and then letting them go. They rose in the air, just as a
pigeon does under similar circumstances, and ere long returned
home. I was, however, prevented from following up these
observations. M. Fabre has now made similar experiments, and
finds that if bees are taken as far as four kilometres from home,
they will still find their way back. It would be very interesting
to make these experiments for greater distances, but the facts
already ascertained surely indicate considerable powers of
vision.
As regards the structure of ocelli, Graber* differs materially
from Grenacher. He observes that, according to the latter, the
whole complex structure from the termination of the optic nerve
to the hinder surface of the cornea forms one cell. Graber, on the
other hand, considers that it is composed of two. He observes
that Grenacher considers the nucleus of his single cell to be
sometimes pre-bacillar, sometimes post-bacillar. These, however,
Graber regards as really the nuclei of two different series of cells.
He considers that the ocellus of the scorpion offers in some
respects an interesting intermediate form between the simple
and compound eye. In fact, his account of their delicate and
* Ar. f. Mic. Anat., 1880, xvii., p. 58,
xlvi
complex organs differs fundamentally from that given by
Grenacher. Grenacher, in a subsequent memoir,* defends his
own views, and denies the accuracy of Graber’s observations.
He points out that, while Scolopendra has only four eyes, the
number increases in Julus, Lithobius, and Glomeris; and that in
Scutigera it is so great (amounting to several hundred), and the
facets are so close to one another, that the eye has all the
appearance of the compound eye of a true insect; and if each
cornea throws an image on a retina, we have the difficulties
which Miiller has pointed out in the case of insects.
Moreover, though the ocellus of a spider at first sight closely
resembles the eye of a Scolopendra, the internal structure is,
according to Grenacher, altogether different. In the ocellus of a
spider or an insect we find, at a greater or less distance behind
the lens, a retina consisting of a receptive surface, extended con-
centrically with that of the lens, and consisting of a number of
more or less rod-like perceptive elements so arranged that their
light could fall on their ends.
On the contrary, in the eyes of Myriapods there is, he says,
either a single receptive element behind the cornea, or where
there are many they are arranged with their longer axes
perpendicular to the direction of the light; so that any separate
perception of the rays of light coming from different points seems
to be an impossibility. In the eye of Iuthobius, behind the biconvex
lens, he states that the cells, liming what I may call the tube of
each separate eye, terminate in hairs, between the free ends of
which is left a narrow passage down which the light must pass to
reach the end of the optic nerve. Such a structure, certainly very
remarkable, seems entirely to preclude the possibility of the forma-
tion of a true image. Altogether the account given by Grenacher,
both as to the mode of action of the eyes of Myriapods and as to
their internal structure, differs entirely from that of Graber.
Sograff, also, has recently given a description of the eye of
Lithobius, but as his memoir is in Russian I am unfortunately
unable to state his views.
Mr. Hammond has published, in the ‘ Linnean Journal,’ an
interesting paper on the structure of the thorax of the Blow-fly.
He concludes that the thorax of Diptera is almost exclusively
mesothoracic. He also expresses the opinion that where a
* Ar. f. Mic. Anat., 1880, xvii., p. 415,
xlvii
spiracle lies between two segments it is “always the property of
the posterior surface of the segment in front of it.”
Mr. Balfour, in his ‘Comparative Embryology,’ has given an
excellent réswmé of our knowledge of the Embryology of Insects.
He regards Moseley’s observations of the tracheal system of
Peripatus as fatal to the view that insects can have sprung
directly from aquatic ancestors not provided with trachea, and
considers that these characteristic organs are modifications of
cutaneous glands. The problematical “imaginal disks” of
Weismann he regards as derivatives of the embryonic epiblast,
like the similar invaginations of the skin in many larval
Nemertines. He considers that the Thysanura and Collembola,
while “not belonging to the true stock of the ancestors of
insects,” are ‘‘degenerated descendants of this stock; much as
Amphioxus and the Ascidians are degenerate relatives of the
ancestral stock of Vertebrates.” He considers that the closed
tracheal system of larve with tracheal gills is undoubtedly of a
secondary character, and that this tells strongly against the
view that the wings are modified tracheal gills.
We are also indebted to Mr. Balfour for a short but interesting
paper on the Embryology of Spiders.* The species which he
studied is Agelena labyrinthica. His observations have satisfied
him that in their development the Arachnida are much more
closely related to the other Tracheata than to the Crustacea ;
but I must confess that I doubt whether we have yet sufficient
data to justify us in concluding that the points of difference on
which he dwells will be found to hold good generally. There
has been much difference of opinion as to the homology of the
Chelicere, and some eminent authorities have regarded them as
corresponding to the antenne of insects. Mr. Balfour, however,
considers that his observations prove them to be postoral, and
equivalent to either the mandibles or the first maxille of other
Tracheata. As regards the yolk-cells, he finds himself in close
harmony with Dohrn, Bobretsky and Graber; but he states that
the first formed mesoblastic plate does not give rise to the whole of
the mesoblast, but that during the whole embryonic life the meso-
blast continues to receive accessions from the cells of the yolk.
M. Fabre has published a charming volume of ‘ Souvenirs
Entomologiques.’ He has continued and added to the very
* ¢ Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science,’ 1880, p. 167.
xlviil
interesting observations on the solitary wasps which he pub-
lished some years ago. He then described the singular state of
paralysis into which they throw their victims, which if killed
would decay, and if buried alive would in their struggles almost
infallibly destroy the egg or young larva of the wasp. The wasp,
however, stings them in such a manner as to pierce the ganglia,
and thus, without killing them, almost deprives them of all power
of movement. One species of Sphex, which preys on a large
grasshopper (Lphippigera), obtains the same result in a different
manner. After having almost paralysed her victim in the usual
manner, she throws it on its back, bends the head so as to extend
the articulation of the neck, and then, seizing the intersegmental
membrane with her jaws, crushes the subesophagal ganglion.
Truly a marvellous instinct. M. Fabre found that, after this
treatment, the victims retain some power of digestion, and he
was able considerably to prolong their life by feeding them with
syrup.
Side by side with these wonderful instincts, M. Fabre records
almost equally surprising evidence of stupidity. The very same
species of Sphex, for instance, is, it seems, accustomed to drag
the Ephippigera by one antenna; and M. Fabre found that if the
antenne be cut off close to the head, the Sphex, after trying in
vain to get a grip, gives the matter up as a bad job, and leaves
her victim in despair, without ever thinking of dragging it by
one of its legs. Again, when a Sphex had provisioned her cell,
laid her egg, and was about to close it up, M. Fabre drove her
away, and took out the Ephippigera and the egg. He then allowed
the Sphex to return; she went down into the empty cell, and
though she must have known that the grasshopper and the egg
were no longer there, yet she proceeded calmly to stop up the
orifice just as if nothing had happened.
The genus Sphex paralyzes its victims and provisions its cell
once for all. Bembex, on the contrary, kills the insects on which
its young are to feed, and, perhaps on this account, brings
its young fresh food (mainly flies) from time to time. But
while the Bembex thus preys on some flies, there are others
which avenge their order. The genus Miltogramma lays its eggs
in the cells of the Bembex; and though there seems no reason
why the Bembex, which is by far the stronger insect, should
tolerate this intrusion, which, moreover, she shows unmistakably
xix
to be most unpalatable, she never makes any attack on her
enemy. Nay, when the young of the Miltogramma are hatched,
so far from killing or removing them, this entomological cuckoo
actually feeds them until they reach maturity. Nevertheless it
seems contrary to etiquette for the fly to enter the cell of the
Bembex ; she watches the opportunity when the latter is in the
cell and is dragging down the victim. Then is the Miltogramma’s
opportunity; she pounces on the victim, and almost instan-
taneously lays on it two or three eggs, which are then transferred,
with the insect on which they are to feed, to the cell.
It is remarkable how the Bembex remembers (if one may use
such a word) the entrance to her cell, covered as it is with sand,
exactly to our eyes like that all round. Yet she never makes a
mistake or loses her way. On the other hand, M. Fabre found
that if he removed the surface of the earth and the passage,
exposing the cell and the larva, the Bembex was quite at a loss,
and did not even recognise her own offspring. It seems as if she
knew the door, the nursery, and the passage, but not her child.
Another ingenious experiment of M. Fabre’s was made with
Chalicodoma. This genus is enclosed in an earthen cell, through
which at maturity the young insect eats its way. M. Fabre found
that if he pasted a piece of paper round the cell the insect had
no difficulty in eating through it; but if he enclosed the cell in a
paper case, so that there was a space even of only a few lines
between the cell and the paper, in that case the paper formed an
effectual prison. The instinct of the insect taught it to bite
through one enclosure, but it had not wit enough to do so a
second time.
Yet it appears that the instincts of these animals are not
absolutely unalterable. Sphex jlavipennis, which provisions its
nest with small grasshoppers, when it returns to the cell leaves
the grasshopper outside, and goes down for a moment to see
that all is right. During her absence M. Fabre moved the
erasshopper a little. Out came the Sphex, soon found her
victim, dragged it to the mouth of the cell, and though she had
just been down left her prey as usual, and went alone into the
cell. Again M. Fabre moved the grasshopper, the wasp found
it, dragged it to the cell, and left it as before. Again and again
M. Fabre moved the grasshopper, but every time the Sphex did
exactly the same thing, until M. Fabre was tired out. All the
1
insects of this colony had the same curious habit; but on trying
the same experiment with a Sphex of the following year, after
two or three disappointments the Sphex learned wisdom by
experience, and carried the grasshopper directly down into
the cell.
M. Fabre has also published* a short but interesting memoir
on the habits of Halictus cylindricus and H. sexcinctus. In this
genus we find the first step, as it were, to the well-organised
association of Bees, Wasps and Ants. Each female Halictus
prepares, as usual without any assistance from the male, her
own cell, and feeds her own young; but, on the other hand, the
separate cells open into a common passage which is the joint
possession of several bees. These species are very early risers,
and rest during the greater part of the day, excavating, it would
appear, their galleries for the most part during the night, and
collecting pollen in the early morning only. They are double-
brooded. The September brood contains rather more males
than females—about four to three. The males soon perish, but
the females remain quiet in their cells till the spring, when they
emerge, lay their eggs, provision their cells, and then die in their
turn. These eges, however, M. Fabre assures us, produce no
males, so that the summer brood consists of females only,
affording an interesting and remarkable instance of Partheno-
genesis. It is possible that the same rule may be found to occur
among other double-brooded insects.
Mr. Goss has given us a very interesting summary of the
present state of our knowledge on ‘‘ The Geological Antiquity
of Insects.” The Neuroptera and Orthoptera are the oldest
orders; then come the Coleoptera and Hemiptera, followed by
the Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. As regards the
latter, there is indeed much difference of opinion. M.Coemans
discovered in 1875, at Sars-Longchamps, in the Belgian Coal-
measures, an insect which Dr. Breyer believed to be Lepi-
dopterous; in which view he is supported by M. Preudhomme
and Mr. Wallace. Mr. M‘Lachlan, on the contrary, regards it
as Neuropterous. Mr. Butler has also described an Oolitic insect
under the name of Palgontina oolitica, which he supposed to be
Lepidopterous; Mr. Scudder, however, with whom Mr. Goss is
disposed to agree, regards it as Homopterous.
* Ann. Sci. Nat., 1880, p. 3.
hi
Mr. Scudder also, in several memoirs published by the Boston
Society of Natural History, has added considerably to. our know-
ledge of fossil insects. He describes several new species of
insects belonging to the Devonian period, all of which are allied,
or belong, to the Neuroptera, using the word in the widest sense.
The general conclusions to which he arrives are that—
There is nothing in the structure of these earliest known insects
to interfere with the former conclusions that the general
type of wing-structure has remained unaltered from the
earliest times.
The Devonian insects were all lower Heterometabola. As wings
are the only part preserved, we cannot tell from the
remains preserved whether they belong to sucking or to
biting insects.
They bear little special relation to carboniferous forms, having a
distinct facies of their own.
The Devonian insects were of great size, had membranous wings,
and were probably aquatic in early life.
They show a remarkable variety of structure, indicating an
abundance of insect life at that epoch, and differ remarkably
from all other known types, ancient and modern; some of
them appearing to be even more complicated than their
nearest living allies.
We appear, therefore, he says, ‘‘to be no nearer the beginning
of things in the Devonian epoch than in the Carboniferous,
so far as either greater unity or simplicity of structure is
concerned”; and these earlier forms cannot in his opinion
be used to any better advantage than the carboniferous
types in support of any special theory of the origin of
insects. Still Mr. Scudder expresses the conviction that
some original and still earlier “‘unknown comprehensive
types did exist, and should be sought.”
Mr. Ryder has described, in the ‘ American Naturalist,’ an
interesting genus allied to the very curious little centipede,
Pauropus. It possesses the same number of legs, but, according
to Mr. Ryder, only six segments, two pairs of legs being attached
to the second, third, fourth, and fifth segments, not counting the
head. I should be disposed to consider that, as he himself
suspected, the head really consists of two segments, and that the
li
terminal segment is also really double. In that case, the number
of segments will be the same as in Pauropus. The wider form,
the position of the head, and the peculiar tubercles and spines on
the skin, seem to justify the establishment of a new genus; and
Mr. Ryder even proposes for his little creature a new family.
Dr. Haller has described (Ar. f. Natur., p. 369) a species of
mite, Trombidium andiens, in which he considers that the eye of
other T’rombidiums has been modified into an organ for hearing.
The discovery of an undoubted ear in a Trombidium would itself
be a point of considerable interest, but such a change of function
as that an organ of vision should change into an ear is certainly
most remarkable; and we should require clear proof that the
organs are really homologous, and that the one is truly. an ear.
Dr. Haller describes, in the present case, two groups of bodies
which he considers to be otolithes, but has not been able to detect
any auditory hairs. He figures the organ in question on a small
scale, but, considering the interest attached to the observation,
it is to be hoped that he will give a more detailed description and
enlarged illustrations.
Dr. Hauser has published* an interesting paper on the
olfactory organs of insects. He adopts the view of Lefebre and
Erichson, which I have also attempted to demonstrate,+ that the
antenne of insects are organs of smell. There can, I think, be
no doubt that they do serve this function, but it is not incom-
patible that they should in other cases serve as organs of
hearing. Dr. Hauser describes in detail the minute pits which
have been already observed and figured by Hickst and others,
and shows that each contains a central cone, which terminates
in a rod, and which, in some cases, as for instance in the wasp,
is itself obviously very complicated, and contains one or more series
of secondary rods. He lays much stress on the fact that insects
which depend on smell have their organs specially developed.
Hermann Muller continues his interesting and charming
series of papers in ‘ Kosmos,’ which, if their relation is primarily
to the Botanist, have much bearing on Entomology also. He has
dwelt recently on the effect which the preponderance of Lepi-
doptera over bees in the higher regions has had in modifying the
* Zeit. f. Wiss. Zool., 1880.
+ Linnean Journal, vol. xii.
{ Trans. of Linn. Soc.
li
flowers of the Upper Alps. One curious point I may refer to,
namely, that proterogynous flowers frequently—as, for instance,
among the Saxifrages—increase in size during their period of
bloom, so as to be larger in the male than in the earlier female
condition ; while proterandrous flowers never do so. The reason
of this obviously is the advantage in the male flowers being first
visited.* He observes that butterflies prefer red and blue flowers,
especially the latter, to those which are yellow or white. It
is interesting that the same love felt by butterflies for these
colours, which, by means of sexual selection, has probably tended
to their frequency and beauty on the insects themselves, should
in another manner have led to their frequent presence and
brilliant beauty on the flowers which they love. With reference
to this point he gives the following curious facts :—Out of every
hundred visits of insects observed in flowers which are white,
whitish yellow, or yellow, on the one hand, or, on the other, red,
violet, or blue, there were of—
Diptera with a short proboscis. . . 85°8 14°2
Coleoptera . .. yee ts OES 23°2
Diptera with a long nrobonee ere Oke 30°3
Hymenoptera, excluding Bees . . . 81°2 18°8
Bees with a short proboscis. . . . 63°8 36°2
Mepidoptera.. <6 « . . s «is » 4978 56°1
IbMiVe ees yi % ss cs ce” tp pon 1 OIG 63°3
While, in the case of the parasitical Humble Bees, the numbers
are respectively 22°2 and 77°8, which he accounts for on the
hypothesis that these bees, having no need to work for their
young, are more free to follow their own tastes.
We owe to M. de Saussure a short but important memoir on
the genus Hemimerus, an insect which has much the appearance
of a young cockroach, or mole-cricket, with which group it has
in fact hitherto been classed. M. de Saussure states, however,
that the mouth possesses an extra pair of appendages, con-
stituting a third pair of maxille, and resembling a second lower
lip. This remarkable character would separate it, not only from
the Orthoptera, but from all other insects, and in M. de
Saussure’s opinion necessitates the creation of a new section of
* Kosmos, 1880, p. 280.
liv.
Arthropods, or rather, it seems to me, a reconstruction of our
views as to the homologies of the organs of insects with those of
other Articulata. One would be indeed tempted to ask whether
this so-called extra pair of appendages may not be the repre-
sentative of the ligula, which in some Orthoptera, as, for in-
stance, Anostostoma alatum, where it has been recently figured by
Mr. Butler,* bears pseudopalpi apparently consisting of several
segments. I may observe that I have myself suggested the
existence of a second pair of mouth appendages in the Collembola,
but in that group tbe structure of the mouth is very intricate,
and I did not, therefore, consider it would be safe to base any
general conclusions on the observation. As regards Hemimerus,
M. de Saussure’s observations are so definite, and his authority
so great, that I feel great hesitation in questioning any statement
made by him. At the same time I must say that Mr. Water-
house and I, after examining a specimen in the British Museum,
which apparently belongs to the same species, have been quite
unable to satisfy ourselves as to the existence of a second pair
of jaws.
In the October number of ‘ Kosmos,’ Fitz Muller has called
attention to an interesting species of gnat (Paltostoma torrentium),
in which there are two distinct kinds of females. Among
butterflies we have long known cases in which there are two
kinds of females, differing in the colour and pattern, sometimes
even in the form, of the wing. The social Neuroptera and
Hymenoptera present us with other well known cases, and the
Diptera may now be added to the list. In Paltostoma the two
kinds of females differ in the eyes, mouth-parts, feet, and habits.
The one sort resembles the females of other allied species, and
is a blood-sucker; the other has simpler feet, smaller eyes, and
mouth closely resembling that of the male. Muller thinks it
feeds on honey.
Before sitting down there are one or two points with reference
to the affairs of our Society on which I must say a few words.
In the first place I must express my regret, which I am sure you
all share, that we are about to lose the valuable services of our
excellent Secretaries, Mr. Meldola and Mr. Distant. At the same
time they have secured as successors two gentlemen who will, 1
doubt not, prove themselves most efficient.
* Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p. 153.
lv
The Council have under consideration whether the ‘ Trans-
actions’ of the Society’s publications might not be given
sratuitously to London as well as to country members. The
question has been referred to in their Report.
The next point is with reference to the hour of meeting.
I have already alluded to the subject from this chair, and I will
therefore now only repeat that although of those who answered
the circular of the Council a large majority expressed themselves
in favour of meeting earlier, still the actual number of those
supporting the change was so small compared to that of our
members, that the late Council did not see their way to take any
further action in the matter. It is, however, of course open to
those gentlemen who advocate the change to bring the subject
again before the Society.
In conclusion, Gentlemen, I will end as I began by offering
you my thanks for your courtesy and support during my term of
office. In resigning the Presidency I rejoice to think that I shall
be succeeded by one of the very first of English Entomologists,
my old and excellent friend, Mr. Stainton, under whose able
guidance I cannot doubt that our Society will continue to
prosper.
INDEX.
Notr.—Where the name only of an Insect or Genus is mentioned,
the description will be found on the page referred to.
The Arabic Figures refer to the pages of the ‘ Transactions’; the Roman
Numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings.’
PAGE PAGE
GENERAL SUBJECTS .... lvii | HYMENOPTERA ......0e-s Ix
ARIA GHINTDIAN ssisiceve ol ieais vill | LEPIDOPTERA .cocscsee ]xii
COME OPTE RAG eters cheless) overs «16 Jwitl |) NEUROPTERA sce os sfeicie lxiv
IDIRADN. SeoomeoodDOCoG Ix |) ORTHOPTERA. soc vccis cee lxiv
ELE: MIPTWRAY < s1s.c/cleieie se 016 lx
GENERAL SUBJECTS.
Annual Meeting, xxxvi.
Case formed by Lepidopterous larva, xxxiv.
Dahlias said to be destructive to insects, ix.
Descriptions of insects, irregular mode of publishing, xxxi.
Dimorphic larve, 73.
Fire-flies, discussion respecting their luminosity, i.
Gall-like formation on Rhododendron ferrugineum, believed to be fun-
goid, xxvi.
Galls from Adelaide, ition Tanacetum vulgare, xxvii.—on a species of
Eucalyptus from Australia, xxxii.—on a Sallow leaf, xxxiii.
Hairs on green larve, the use of, 74.
Hops damaged by a small larva, xxx.
Insects, on the coloration and development of, 69.
Luminosity of insects, discussion, i.—another discussion, vi.—of Luciola
italica, xxix.—of a Coleopterous larva, xxix.—of Pyrophorus
causticus, XXX1.
Meteorological observations published by Miss Ormerod throwing light
on the appearance of insects, xiiMiss Ormerod’s remarks, xii.
Parthenogenesis in the Tenthredinide, 76.
President’s address, xli.
Sugar-canes destroyed by Lepidopterous larve, xiv.—and by Beetles, xv.—
Ants to be encouraged to destroy the Beetles, xvi—A moth
(Proceras sacchariphagus) destructive to, xvii.
** Vegetable caterpillar” from New Zealand, xx.
( lviii_ )
ARACHNIDA.
Argas persicus, Mr. Sidney Churechill’s notes thereon, xxi.
Latrodectus, sp.?, a venomous Spider from S. Australia, 11.
Scorpions, remarks by Mr. Pascoe on supposed habit of stinging them-
selves to death under certain circumstances, v.
COLEOPTERA.
Athra brunnipennis, 13.—Ai. concolor, 12.—A. despecta, 12.
Alampetis? scintillans, 180.
Alychnus, 9.
Amphisbeta impressipennis, 181.
Amythetes fastigiata, 97.
Arescus histrio, variability of, 179.
Aspidosoma egrotum, 84.—A. bilineatum, 86.—<A. costatum, 87.—A. de-
pictum, 85.—A. diaphana, 86.—d. grossum, 84.—A. (Aspisoma)
lineatum, the common fire-fly of the Amazon Valley, ii—Discussion
on its luminosity, 1i1.—d. pulchellwm, 86.
Buprestide from Madagascar, 179.
Calyptocephalus fasciatus, 11.
Carabus auratus taken in the Borough Market, xii.
Carcinias anulifer, 184.—C. ceruleipes, 184.
Celidota splendens, 59.
Cerambycide fsom Madagascar described, 59.
Cetonia aurata compared with Protaetia Bensoni, 81.
Cetoniide from Madagascar described, 59.
Cladodes nigricollis, 8.—C. plumosa, 9.—C. stellata, 8.—C. ventralis, 8.
Coccinellopsis awropicta, 193.—C. bistrigata, 192.—C. ecribraria, 185.—
C. dejecta, 188.—C. elliptica, 189.—C. Lafertei, 186.—C. lateralis,
186.—C. multiguttata, 189.—C. ovalis, 188.—C. plagiata, 191.—
C. propinqua, 190.—C. punctiventris, 187.—C. sodalis, 190.—C. ter-
minalis, 192.
Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands, 37.—Species found in corn
refuse, XXXv.
Coptomia rufo-varia, 60.
Cratomorphus bifenestratus, 34.—C. concolor, 36.—C. elongatus, 35.—
C. insignis, 35.—C. parmatus, 36.
Diaphanes guttatus, 90.—D. Javanus, 91.—D. limbatus, 90.
Diestota carinata, 41.—D. latifrons, 40.—D. palpalis, 40.—D. parva, 39.—
D. plana, 38.-—D. puncticeps, 41.—D. rufescens, 42.
Erebodes fulgidiventris, 185.
Falagria currax, 37.
Geodephaga exhibited from high mountains in India, xi.
Glyptoma Blackburni, 53.—G. brevipenne, 53.
Hemisobothris parallela, 182.
Heptaulacus villosus from Box Hill, xxvi.—also from Isle of Wight, xxvi.
Cai )
Hyas angularis, 7.—H. bipunctatus, 6.—H. flabellata, 7.—H, guttata, 7.—
H. rhomboidea, 6.
Hylechthrus in larve of Prosopis rubicola from Epirus, xxv.—bred from
P. rubicola, xxvii.
Laconides equalis, 182.
Lamprocera abdominalis, 5.—L. blattina, 5.—L. brevicollis, 5.—L. Cas-
telnaut, 4.—L. picta, 5.—L. preusta, 4.—L. tristior, 4.
Lamprophorus Boyet, 89.—L. crassus, 88.—L. Nepalensis, 89.—L. tene-
brosa, 88.
Lampyrid@, materials for a revision of the, 1—Concluded, 83.—On their
structure with reference to phosphorescence, 63.—Mr. Gorham’s
remarks, and discussion respecting phosphorescence, vi.
Lampyris Huddi, 96.
Leptocera flavo-vittata, 61.
Liophena flaviceps, 47.—L. gracilipes, 47.
Lispinodes explicandus, 53.
Lucidota albomarginata, 15.—L. apicalis, 19.—L. apicicornis, 20.—
L. atra, 17.—L. bella, 18.—L. biplagiata, 17.—L. Boliviana, 18.—
L. Californica, 17.— L. compressicornis, 15.— L. discicollis, 17.—
L. extineta, 17.—L. fulgurans, 19.—L. limbata, 20.—L. proxima, 16.
—L. quadriguttata, 21.—L. rubricollis, 19.—L. silphoides, 18.—
L. thoracica, 16.—L. tricolor, 21.
Luciola carinata, 104.—L. costipennis, 102.—L. discoidea, 104.—L. italica,
note on luminosity, xxix.—L. pallescens, 102.—L. spectralis, 104.—
L. tabida, 101.—L. vespertina, 100.—L. xanthura, 103.
Megalophthalmus Guatimale, 98.
Myllena curtipes, 49.—M. discedens, 49.—M. familiaris, 48.—M. vicina, 48.
Oligota clavicornis, 44.—O. glabra, 46.—O. mutanda, 46.—O. polita, 45.
Opsamates purpureipennis, 60.
Oxytelus advena, 50.
Pachycorynus discedens, 50.
Phenolis, 10.—P. laciniatus, 10.—P. ochraceus, 11.—P. ustulatus, 11.
Phleopora cingulata, 44.—P. diluta, 44.
Photinus, 22.—P. afinis, 28.—P. amabilis, 30.—P. aurora, 30.—P. cine-
tellus, 24.—P. concinnus, 30.—P.coronatus, 24.—P. fumigatus, 28.—
P. Guatimale, 26.—P. lunicollis, 27.—P. perelegans, 31.—P. per-
lucens, 29.—P. plumbeus, 29.—P. pulchellus, 29.—P. ruficollis, 27.—
P. sanguinicollis, 30.
Photuris amoena, 108.—P. callaris, 107.—P. fumosa, 106.—P. funestis, 109.
—P. lucidicollis, 107.—P. Mexicana, 108.—P. mollis, 111.—P, rufi-
collis, 107.—P. scutellata, 109.—P. tristissima, 106.
Pleotomus, 10.
Protaetia Bensoni, compared with Cetonia aurata, 81.
Pycnobothris compacta, 194.—P. cuprifera, 195.—P. crassa, 196.—P. ob-
scurella, 194.—P. truncatella, 195.
Pyrectomena striatella, 33.
Pyrocelia, 91.—P. Foochowensis, 93.—P. fumigata, 93-—P. lateralis, 92,—
P. Pekinensis, 94,—P. plagiata, 93.—P, terninata, 92,
C aba)
Pyrophorus causticus, note on luminosity of, xxxi.
Rhyncophorus sp.? destructive to sugar-canes, xv.
Sphenophorus sacchari, destructive to sugar-canes, Xv.
Tachyusa pumila, 38.
Tomarus bituberculatus, destructive to sugar-canes, Xv.
Trogophleus abdominalis, 52.—T. fontinalis, 52.—T. senilis, 51.
Vesta basalis, 14.—V. Chevrolatii. 13.—V. prozima, 14.—P. Saturnalis, 13.
DIPTERA.
Fire-fly in Australia, a Dipterous insect, i.
Isopogon hottentottus, captured at Box Hill, Surrey, ii.
Syrphus larva adhering to pelargonium, xxxiii.
HEMIPTERA.
AEthus palliditarsus, 309.
Alcimus japonensis, 310.
Anthocoris nemorum, supposed to damage hops, xxix.
Asopus japonensis, 308.
Calocoris tricolor, 313.
Caura excelsa, 149.—C. marginata, 150.
Coccus, shell-like scales formed by, vi.
Dacnister, 315.—D. jlavescens, 316.
Edessa inclyta, 150.
Flata (Colobesthes) Pryeri, 153.
Fulgora andamanensis, 182.
Hemiptera, a collection from Japan, 305.
Leptodictya Lewisi, 314.
Lobothyreus obscurus, 147.
Oncoscelis antennatus, 150.
Palomena amplificata, 148.—P. spinosa, 149,
Pamera picta, 311.
Pentatoma marginalis, var., 148.
Polyctenes longiceps, 319.
Ptyelus Goudoti, a series of varieties exhibited, xii—frothy secretion
emitted by, xii.
Scotinophora scutellata, 307.
Tiarodes Meldole, 152.
HYMENOPTERA.
Agenia, 244.—A. bifasciata, 244.—A. punctum, 245.—A. variegata, 244.
Ammophila, 247.—A. campestris, 248.—A. hirsuta, 248.—A. lutaria, 249,.—
A. sabulosa, 247.
Aporus, 231.—A. unicolor, 231.
Asemorhoptrum, 217.—A. lippulum, 217.
Astata, 252.—A. boops, 252.—4A. stigma, 253.
( ier 3
Bees said to be destroyed by Dabhlias, ix.
Camponotus? from Australia with remarkable distended abdomen con-
taining honey, xiv.
Ceratophorus, 260.—C. morio, 260.
Cereeris, 273.— C. arenaria, 274.— C. labiata, 275.— C. ornata, 276.—
C. quinquefasciata, 275.—C. sabulosa, 276.
Ceropales, 245.—C. maculata, 245.—C. variegata, 246.
Crabro, 279.—C. albilabris, 297.—C. anxius, 288.—C. aphidum, 285.—
C. capitosus, 283.—C. cephalotes, 292 —C. cetratus, 284.—C. chrys-
ostomus, 295.—C. clavipes, 282.—C. clypeatus, 298.—C. cribrarius,
293.— C. dimidiatus, 290.—C. elongatulus, 289.—C. gonager, 286.—
C. interruptus, 296.—C. leucostoma, 283.—C. palmarius, 286.—
C. palmipes, 287.—C. Panzeri, 297.—C. peltarius, 294.—C. poda-
gricus, 254.—C. pubescens, 284.—C. quadrimaculatus, 292.—C. scu-
tellaris, 289.—C. scutellatus, 294.—C. signatus, 291.—C. tibialis, 282.
C. vagabundus, 291.—C. vagus, 295.—C. varius, 288.—C. vestitus,
280.—C. Wesmaeli, 289.
Didineis, 266.—D. lunicornis, 266.
Dinetus, 251.—D. pictus, 251.
Diodontus, 255.—D. luperus, 256.—Daminutus, 255.—D. tristis, 256.
Dorylus helvolus, supposed gravid female, xxiv.—Mr. Trimen’s remarks
thereon, xxxiii.
Entomognathas, 279.—E. brevis, 279.
Evagethes, 231.—E. bicolor, 231.
Formica, 203.—F. congerens, 205.—F. cunicularia, 206.—F. exsecta, 206.—
F. fusca, 207.—F. gagates, 207.—F. rufa, 204.—F. sanguinea, 205.
Fossorial Hymenoptera, Synopsis of the, 201.
Gorytes, 269.—G. campestris, 270.—G. mystaceus, 269-
Harpactus, 265.—H. tuwmidus, 265.
Heterogyna, Synopsis of the, 201.
Hoplisus, 270.— H. bicinctus, 272.— H. laticinctus, 271.— H. quadri-
fasciatus, 271.
Lasius, 207.—L. alienus, 209.—L. flavus, 210.—L. fuliginosus, 208.—
L. niger, 208.—L. umbratus, 209.
Leptothorax, 218.—L. acervorum, 219.—L. Nylanderi, 219.—L. uni-
Sasciatus, 220.
Mellinus, 272.—M. arvensis, 272.—M. sabulosus, 273.
Mellittobia in briars from Epirus, xxvii.
Methoca, 227.—M. ichnewmonides, 227.
Mimesa, 261.—M. bicolor, 262.—M. Dahlbomi, 263.—M. equestris, 262.—
M. Shuckardi, 262.—M. unicolor, 263.
Miscophus, 250.—M. bicolor, 250.—M. maritimus, 251.
Monomorium, 222.—M. pharaonis, 222.
Mutilla, 224.—M. Europea, 225.—M. rufipes, 225.
Myrmecina, 222.—M. Latreillei, 222.
Myrmica, 213.—M. levinodis, 215.—M. lobicornis, 216.—M. ruginodis, 214.
—WM. scabrinodis, 215.—WM. sulcinodis, 215.
Myrmosa, 226.—M. melanocephala, 226.
(xii)
Nysson, 267.—N. dimidiatus, 269.—N. interruptus, 268.—N. spinosus, 267,—
N. trimaculatus, 268.
Oxybelus, 298.—O. bellicosus, 299.—O. bipunctatus, 299.—O. mandibularis,
299.—O. mucronatus, 300.—O. nigricornis, 299.—O. nigripes, 300.—
O. nigro-e@neus, 299.—O. 14-notatus, 299.—O. wnigluis, 299.
Passalecus, 256.—P. corniger, 257.—P. gracilis, 258.—P. insignis, 258.—
P. monilicornis, 258.
Paxylloma sp.? parasitic in Plusia chrysitis, xx.
Pemphredon, 259.—P. lethifer, 260.—P. lugubris, 259.—P. unicolor, 260.
Petromachus, three species new to Britain, xxxv.
Philanthus, 276.—P. triangulum, 277.
Polyblastus Wahlbergii, new to Britain, xxviii.
Pompilus, 232.—P. acuminatus, 238.—P. afinis, 241.—P. agilis, 242.—
P. approximatus, 239.—P, chalybeatus, 236.—P. cinctellus, 233,.—
P. consobrinus, 235.—P. exaltatus, 241.—P. gibbus, 236.—P. hyali-
natus, 243.—P. minutulus, 237.—P. niger, 234.—P. pectinipes, 238.—
P. plumbeus, 234.—P. punctum, 245.—P. rufipes, 233.—P. spissus,
237.—P. trivialis, 236.—P. viaticus, 235.—P. Wesmaeli, 237.
Ponera, 211.—P. contracta, 212.—P. punctatissima, 212.
Priocnemis, 239 —P. affinis, 241—P. exaltatus, 241.—P. fuscus, 240.—
P. hyalinatus, 243.—P. notatus, 242.— P. obtusiventris, 242.—
P. parvulus, 243.—P. pusillus, 242.
Prosopis rubicola, stylopized females from Epirus, xxv.— Hylechthrus
bred from, xxvii.
Psen, 263.—P. ater, 263.—P. pallipes, 264.
Sapyga, 228.—S. clavicornis, 229.—S. 5-punctata, 228.
Saw-flies, further notes on the coloration of the larve of, 71.
Sclerodoma ephippiwm, new species of, xxvii.—described, xxvil.—A pterous
female of, xxx.—and winged female, xxx.
Solenopsis, 220.—S. fugaa, 221.
Spilomena, 253.—S. troglodytes, 254.
Stenamma, 216.—S. Westwoodii, 216.
Stigmus, 254.—S. pendulus, 254.
Tachytes, 249.—T. pectinipes, 249.—T. unicolor, 250.
Tapinoma, 210.—T’. erratica, 210.—T. nitens, 211.
Tenthredinide, Parthenogenesis in the, 76.
Tetramorium, 217.—T. cespitum, 218.
Tiphia, 229.—T. femorata, 230.—T. minuta, 230.
Trypoxylon, 277.—T. attenuatum, 278.—T. clavicerum, 278.—T. figulus, 278.
LEPIDOPTERA.
Acontia solaris from Eastbourne, xxx.
Acronycta, the specific distinctness of A. Psi and A. tridens disputed, 1ii.—
A megacephala with only two wings, xxx.
Anape@a sp.? species from Australia, 111,
Apatura ilia, said to have been taken at Pinner, xxxiii.
Aphelia Apollinaris, in cop. with Salamis Anacardii, xxiil.
( Ixiii_ )
Arctia caja, variety exhibited, ix.—-A. fuliginosa, a bred specimen with
only one antenna, xiil.
Argynnis Selene, varieties of, xxx.—another variety, xxx.
Calysisme, 161.—C. indistans, 164.
Camptogramma bilineata, a number of dead specimens on a ‘ tea-tree ”’
(Lycium barbarum), xxix.
Ceratinia philidas, 127.
Cidaria russata from Yorkshire and Arran showing local variation, vi.—
Variety of, xxxv.
Cirrochroa Aoris, on two gynandromorphous specimens, 113.
Colias, on the genus, 133.
Culapa, 165.
Dalapa, 158.
Ennomos angularia with dissimilar antenne, xxx.
Epione vespertaria, dwarf specimen of, xxxil.
Epunda lutulenta, variety of, xxxiii.
Esthemopsis linearis, 152.
Euptychia lineata, 128.—E. periboea, 128.
Euterpe lycurgus, 132.
Gareris, 156.
Heliothis scutosa at Weston-super-Mare, 1.
Hemerophila abruptaria, dark specimen of, xxx.
Hepialus vivescens, a vegetable parasite on, xx.
Indalasa, 166.
Jatana, 164,
Kabanda, 168.
Lepidoptera, on synonyms of Heterocerous, 55.—Diurnal Leidoptera from
Colombia, 119.—On Asiatic Lepidoptera referred to the genus
Mycalesis, 155.—Variability of, xxxi.—Gall of a larva on Euca-
lyptus, XxXxii.
Lobster moth, protective attitude of the caterpillar, iii.
Loesa, 177.
Lohora, 175.
Lycena Alexis, a dwarf female specimen v.
Lymanopoda ceruleata, 129.
Martanda, 169.
Morpho rhodopteron, 130.
Moths from Malabar coast, xiii.
Mycalesis, 176.
Mydosama, 170.
Nasapa, 176.
Nebdara, 173.
Nissanga, 169.
Noctua O-nigrum, a worn female taken in June, xiv.
Nyssia hispidaria taken at light, xi.
Odonestis potatoria, varieties of, xxvii.
Orsotriena, 159.
Pachama, 165.
( Ixiy )
Papilio merope and P. cenea taken in cop., xxxiiii—doubte by Mr. R
Trimen, xXxxiil.
Pedaliodes leucocheilus, 129.—P. polyxo, 129.—P. symmachus, 130.—
P. tyrrheus, 130.
Perisama gisco, 131.—P. catenarius, 131.
Phyciodes castianira, 131.
Plebeius Icarus, a dwarf specimen, v.
Plusia chrysitis infested by an Ichneumon (Paaylloma), xx.
Pyrameis cardui, a remarkable variety,
Sadarga, 157.—S. oculata, 158.
Salamis Anacardii, in cop. with a female Aphelia Apollinaris, xxiii.
Samanta, 166.—S. rudis, 166.—S. Lepcha, 167.
Satoa, 157.
Sevanda, 174.
Sisema pomona, 182.
Smerinthus, on the markings of the larvee of, 69.—S. populi, var. of, xxvii.
—S. ocellatus, notes on varieties of larve, xxviii.—S. populi,
hermaphrodite specimen, xxx.
Sphinx-moth from Madagascar, Length of proboscis of, xii.
Stauropus fagi, protective attitude of the caterpillar, iii.
Suralaya, 159.
Telinga, 167.
Terias, on certain species of, with descriptions, 197.—T. anemone, 199.—
T. mandarini, 199.—T. mariesii, 198.
Tischeria gannacella, added to British list, xxxv.
Vanessa Antiopa taken at Wimbledon, xxx.
Virapa, 155.
NEUROPTERA.
Batica obesa, connate nature of the wings, v.
Cenis dimidiata, reported to be luminous, viii.
Chrysopa, eggs of, on Eucalyptus from Australia, vi.
Ephemeride, a work by Kev. A. E. Eaton proposed, v.
ORTHOPTERA.
Locusts’ eggs destroyed by Coleopterous larve, xxxiil.
Phasmide from St. Vincent, xxxv.
WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., PRINTERS, 54, HATTON GARDEN, E.C.
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