THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

1884—1881.

PUBLIC. MEMBERS

First Series, 5 volumes (1834—1849)...... Price £6 0 0 £410 0

Second Series, 5 volumes (1850—1861) .... S270) 0 6).08 0

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The Transactions for the year 1868........ 1-10) 0 O;15) 70

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Bongicornia Malayand .. 0.00. 0 sec 212 0 19), 0

Phytophaga Malayana, Pt. 1, Apostasicera.. 016 O 012 0

Synopsis of British Heterogyna and Fos-

sorial Hymenoptera 2... .seesccevece 0 4 6 03 4

The JourNAL or PRocEEDINGS is bound up with the Transactions, but

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who have paid their Subscription for the current year, are entitled to

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Members and Subscribers resident in, or within fifteen miles of,

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their Subscription for the current year, shall, at or before the April

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shall be entitled to receive a copy of the Transactions for the year without

further payment, which copy will be forwarded free by post.

Gavit uy)

CONTENTS.

SEA Aa en

Explanation of the Plates 50 = Se ~ a6 oe

BIR Sia ae nel : be an a's 610

List of Members AG ate 5% =% ;

Additions to the Library Ae oc oe ae ote ate

MEMOIRS.

I. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Heterocerous

Lepidoptera trom en a ArtHur G. Butiemr, F.L.S.,

F.Z.S. “9 &e. .

IT. Notes on Odonata of He subternilies Gondutitha: Cilia:

terygina, and Agrionina (Legion Pseudostigma), collected

by Mr. Bucxiny, in the district of the Rio Bobonaza, in

Keuador. By R. M‘Lacutray, F.R.S., &c..

III. A List of the Hymenoptera of New Zealand. By W. F,

Kirsy, Assistant to the Zoological eae British

Museum. 30 sie :

IV. Descriptions of new ie of Catpictie: By Josrpu

S. Baty, F.L.S. we js Bs

V. On the Genus Hilipus, and its Neo- Tropical Allies. By

Francis P. Pascoz, F.L.S., &e. .. ee

VI. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Rm ron

from Madagascar. By W. L. Distant. .. a0 35

VII. On the habits and affinities of the Hymenopterous genus

Scleroderma, with descriptions of new ees By Sir

Srpney SmirH Saunpers, C.M.G.

VIII. Observations on the ne genus stad sak

Klug, and some allied or a Je OF ha iat

M.A., F.L.S., &e, .. é Ar

TX. Description of a new Spits’ of Corduliina (ogre:

macromia fallax) from Ecuador. By R. M‘Lacuuan,

BRASS, O2Ch 6 a Fa ae ate

X. Some Additions to Mr. Marshall’s pee of British

Ichneumonide. By Joun B. Bripeman. .

XI. Note on the Capture of the Paired Sexes of Papilio iin

Stoll. (P. Merope, auct.), in Natal. By Ronanp 'lRiMen,

F.L.S., &¢., Curator of the South African Museum.

XII. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Heterocerous

Lepidoptera from J “ii il Artuur G. Butier, F.L.S.,

IW ZS Cam tats te

XIII. On the Genus Sypna of Gnénedl a ethe of Tepito

of the Tribe Noctuites. By ARTHUR G. ae BES;

NYAS dee ar “e ‘ as

PAGE

vill

XVI.

XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

XXI.

XXII.

XXIII.

XXIV.

XXYV.

XXVI.

XXVII.

XXVIII.

XXIX.

XXX.

XXXII.

XXXIV.

XXXY.

MEMOIRS (continued).

. Rhynchota from the Australian and Pacific ‘eisasesi:

By W. L. Distant

. On the Tortricide, Tineide, a busiodas of

South Africa. By Lord Warstnauam, M.A., F.Z.S.

On the Species of the Genus Huchroma. By D. Suarp.

Observations on the Species of the Homopterous Genus

Orthezia, with a description of a new Species. |

J. W. Dovauas. .. ae “se *. bs

Descriptions of new Asiatic diurnal silane By

F. Moors, F.Z.S., A.L.S., &e. ae

On the Lepidoptera of the Amazons, sie: by Dr.

James W. H. Trail during the years 1873 to 1875.

By Artuur G. Burrer, F.LS., F.Z.S., &.

Notes on new or interesting Species of Papilionide and

Pieride, collected by Mr. Budkley? in Eastern Ecuador.

By W. F. Kimsy.

On the Larva of Bucs ibia. By eiptl Re Cais

SACKEN. .. ae : ee

Note Terese. No. pes ee et. of new

Species of Exotie Tipulide, with an annotated sum-

mary of Species belonging to the same Family, pre-

viously described. By J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S.

Description of a new Genus of Hymenopterous Insects.

By J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &e.

Neotropical Pentatomide and Coreide. By Vii. L.

DIsTANT. .. ac A6 an ae

Description of the female sex of Meat Adonis Cram.

By W. L. Distant. os He

Descriptions of new Genera and Species of ideieags

cerous Lepidoptera from Japan. By A. G. seieainae

H.LS., F.Z.5., &c. a0 :

Descriptions of new Longicorn eden aan per

Japan, and Africa. By CHartes O. WATERHOUSE.

On some new Species of Rhopalocera from Southern

Africa. By Roztanp Trimey, F.L.S., &e.

On the identity of Coccus jloccosus, DeGeer, as

Orthezia Normani, Doug. By J. W. Douauas.

List of Butterflies collected in Chili by Thomas Ed-

monds, Esq. By Arruur G. Butter, F.L.S., F.Z.S.

Descriptions of some new Coleoptera from Sumatra.

By CuHartes O. WaTERHOUSE... ae 5 oe

Descriptions of uncharacterized Species of Humolpide,

with notices of some previously deseribed insects

belonging to the same Family. By JosrpnH S. Baty,

E.LS. 32 oa os aT Be 3 A

On some new Coleoptera from the Hawaiian felands.

By D. SHarp. .. ae oe 57 se Pi

On some South American Coleoptera of the Family

Rutelide. By Cuartes O. WATERHOUSE.

Notes on Hymenoptera, with descriptions of new

Species By P. Cameron. os AC 5 is

351

MEMOIRS (continued). he

XXXVI. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Heterocerous

Ee la a oepane iP A. G. oak E.L.S.,

iB Zee 579

XXXVII. ae - the immature state of a Geamnes insect

apparently belonging to an undescribed Genus. By

J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &e. .. ae ee 601

XXXVIII. Note Dipterologice. No. 6.—On the minute Species

of dipterous insects, especially Muscide, which attack

the different kinds of cereal crops. ms J. O. WeEst-

woop, M.A., F.L.S., &c. SE 605

XXXIX. Descriptions of new Species belonging to the ean

terous family Cicadide. By W. L. Distant 55) ear

Proceedings for 1881 Bic ae aie a sis i

Index arc ae a6 Ac oi Ac bc lxi

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plates I., IT. -. See page 102 | Plate XV... -. See page 303

Plate III. .. Bc 55 108 | Plate XVI. See pp. 361, 389

Plates IV., V., VI., VII. Plates XVII., XVIII., XIX.

See pp. 139, 140 See pp. 384, 385

Plate VIII. -. See page 168 | Plate XX... .. See page 397

Plate IX. .. See pp. 169, vii. | Plate XXI. ie es 486

Plates X., XI., XIL., XII. Plate XXII. See pp. 603, 626

See page 288

Plate XIV. -. See page xix.

ERRATA.

Page 46, lines 1, 18 and 21, for “Skeltonii” read “Skellonit.”

, 46, line 15, for “Skelton” read ‘“ Skellon.”

,, 249, insert space between lines 9 and 10 from bottom.

., 250, line 15, & p. 287, line 2, for “flavivitella” read “ flavivittella.”

» 508, line 6, for “ P. proteinoides” read “ B. proteinoides.”

Hist of Members

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

3lst DECEMBER, 1881.

LIST OF MEMBERS

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

Honorary Members.

Burmeister, Hermann, Buenos Ayres.

Hagen, H. A., Cambridge, U.S.A.

Leconte, John L., Philadelphia.

Milne-Edwards, H., Paris.

Saussure, H. de, Geneva.

Schiddte, J. C., Copenhagen.

Selys-Longchamps, E. de, Liége.

Siebold, C. T. E. von, Munich.

Signoret, Victor, Paris.

Zeller, P. C., Stettin.

(Oxia)

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Date of

Election.

1877

1880

1867 8.

1856

Marked * are Original Members.

Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.

Marked 8. are Annual Subscribers.

Adams, Frederick Charlstrom, 74 Jermyn-street, S.W.

Adams, Herbert Jordan, Roseneath, London-rd., Enfield, N.

André, Ed., M.S.E. de France, Berlin, Stettin, &c., 21 Bowle-

vard Bretonniere, Beaune (Cote d@Or), France.

Archer, F., Little Crosby-road, Crosby, Liverpool.

Armitage, Edward, R.A., 3 Hall-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W.

Babington, Charles Cardale, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &e., Pro-

fessor of Botany, 5 Brookside, Cambridge.

Baly, Joseph 8., M.R:C.S., F.L.S., The Butts, Warwick.

Barton, Stephen, 32 St. Michael’s-hill, Bristol.

Bates, Henry Walter, F.L.S., F.Z.8., 40 Bartholomew-road,

Kentish Town, N.W.

Beaumont, Alfred, Steps Mills, Huddersfield.

Berens, Alexander Augustus, Spratton Grange, Northampton,

and 68 Great Cumberland-place, W.

Bicknell, Perey, Beckenham, Kent.

Bignell, Geo. Carter, 7 Clarence-place, Stonehouse, Plymouth.

Billups, T. R., 4 Swiss Villas, Coplestone-road, Peckham, S.B.

Blomefield, Rev. Leonard, M.A., F.L.S., &c.,19 Belmont, Bath.

. Bloomfield, Rev. E. N., M.A., Guestling Rectory, Hastings,

Sussex.

Bond, Fred., F.Z.8., 5 Fairfield Avenue, Staines.

Bonvouloir, Vicomte Henri de, 15 Rwe del Université, Paris.

Borrer, William, junr., Cowfold, Sussex.

Boscher, Edward, Bellevwe House, Twickenham.

Boyd, Thomas, Surrey Lodge, Hornend-road, Norwood, S.E.

Boyd, William Christopher, F.L.8., Cheshunt, Herts.

Braikenridge, Rev.Geo. Weare, M.A., F.L.S.,Clevedon, Bristol.

Brandt, Dr. Edouard, Pres. Russ. Ent. Soc., &c., Imperial

Medico-Chirurgical College, St. Petersburg.

. Bridgman, John B., 69 St. Giles’-street, Norwich.

Briggs, Charles Adolphus, 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C.

Briggs, Thos. Henry, M.A., 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C.

Brongniart, Charles, M.S.E. et M.S.G. de France, &c.,

Musewm Whistoire Naturelle de Paris, 57 Rue Cuvier,

Jardin des Plantes.

Broun, Capt. Thomas, Kawan, Auckland, New Zealand.

. Brown, N. E., Ivy Cottage, near St. John’s Church, Red Hill.

Browne, Rev. Thomas Henry, M.A., F.G.8., The Cedars,

High Wycombe, Bucks.

. Bull, R. E., 85 Milton-street, Dorset-square, N.W.

Burnell, Edward Henry, 32 Bedford-row, W.C.

X1v

1868

1878

1860

1880

1877

1868

1877

1871

1867

1865

1874

1873

1865

1880

1876

1880

1853

1867

1880

1868

1873

1837

1875

1855

1873

1874

1876

1874

1867

1849

1874

1865

1881

1878

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Butler, Arthur Gardiner, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 10 Avington-qrove,

Penge, S.E.

. Cameron, Peter, 31 Willow-bank-crescent, Glasgow.

Candeze, Dr. E., Glain, Liége.

Cansdale, W. D., 3 Dartmouth Villas, Seven Sisters’-road,

Stamford Hill, N.

. Capron, Edward, M.D., Shere, Guildford.

. Carmichael, Thos. D. Gibson, Castle Craig, Dolphinton, N.B.

Carrington, Charles, Ellerslie, Lower Merton, S.W.

Carrington, John T., F.L.8., Royal Aquariwm, Westminster.

Champion, G. C., 274 Walworth-road, S.E.

Charlton, Ernest §., Hesleyside, Bellingham, Hexham.

Clarke, Alexander Henry, 16 Furnival’s Inn, E.C.

. Clarke, Chas. Baron, M.A., F.L.S., Royal Herbarium, Kew.

Cockle, Capt. George, 9 Bolton-gardens, S.W.

. Cole, Benjamin G., Lawrel Cottage, King’s-place, Buckhurst

Hill, Essex.

Cole, William, Lawrel Cottage, King’s-place, Buckhurst Hill,

Essex.

. Cooke, Benj., 103 Windsor-road, Southport, Lancashire.

Copland, Patrick F., Hillcote, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.

Copperthwaite, William Charles, Beech-grove, Malton.

. Cowell, Peter (Librarian of the Free Public Library), William

Brown-street, Liverpool.

Cox, Colonel C. J., Fordwich House, Canterbury.

Cox, Herbert Edward, Rosenheim, Reigate.

Crisp, Frank, LL.B., B.A., F.L.S., See. R.M.S., 5 Lansdowne-

road, Notting Hill, W.

Crosbie, Frank, The Chestnuts, Barnet, Herts.

Curzon, E. P. Roper.

Dale, C. W., Glanwille’s Wootton, Sherborne.

Darwin, Chas., M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., &¢., Down,

Beckenham, Kent.

Devonshire, William Cavendish, Duke of, K.G., F.R.S., &c.,

Devonshire House, 78 Piccadilly, W.

. Dickson, Prof. Wm., Curator, University Library, Glasgow.

Distant, Wiliam Lucas, M.A.I., 1 Selston Villas, Derwent-

grove, Hast Dulwich, S.E.

Dohrn, Dr. C. A. (Pres. Entomological Soc. of Stettin), Stettin.

Doria, Marquis Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa.

. Dormer, John Baptist Joseph Dormer, Lord, Grove Park,

Warwick.

Douglas, John William, 8 Beaufort-gardens, Lewisham, 8.E.

Dowsett, Arthur, Hatherley, London-road, Reading.

Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.8., 1 Circus-road, St. John’s

Wood, N.W.

Dunning, Joseph Wm., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 12 Old-square,

Lincoln’s Inn, W.C.

Du Pré, Charles Christian, F.L.8., 17 Pembroke-gardens,

Kensington, W.

D’Urban, W. 5S. M., F.L.8., Albwera, St. Leonards, Exeter.

Eaton, Rev. Alfred Edwin, M.A., 51 Park-rd., Bromley, Kent.

. Edwards, James, Bracondale, Norwich.

Elwes, Hy. John, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Preston House, Cirencester.

LIST OF MEMBERS. XV

Emich, Gustave d’, 6 Sebastian-place, Budapesth, Hungary.

. Enock, Frede., 30 Russell-road., Seven Sisters’-road, Hol-

loway, N.

Fereday, R. W., Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.

. Finzi, John A., 105 Gower-street, W.C.

Fitch, Edward A., F.L.S., Secretary, Brick House, Maldon,

Essex.

. Fitch, Frederick, Hadleigh House, Highbury New Park, N.

Fletcher, J. E., Happy Land, Worcester.

Foran, Chas., Marshfield House, Terminus-rd., Eastbourne.

Forbes, William Alexander, B.A., F.L.S., F.G.S8., F.Z.8., &c.,

31 Upper Baker-street, N.W.

Fowler, Rev. W. W., M.A., F.L.S., The School House, Lincoln.

Freeland, H. W., M.A., Chichester.

French, Rev. David John, F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.H.S., &e.

Fry, Alexander, F.L.S., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood

Park, Norwood, 8.E.

Fryer, Herbert Fortescue, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire.

Godman, Frederick DuCane, M.A., F.L.S, &., Park Hatch,

Godalming; and 10 Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W.

- Gooch, W. D.

- Goodman, C. H., Kearsbrook Lodge, Lesness Heath, Kent.

Gorham, Rey. Henry Stephen, Shipley, Sussex.

Goss, Herbert, F.L.S., F.G.8., The Avenue, Surbiton Hill,

Surrey.

Gosse, Philip Hy., F.R.S., Sandhurst, Torquay, Devonshire.

Greene, Rev. J., M.A., Rostrevor, Apsley-rd., Clifton, Bristol.

Grut, Ferdinand, F.L.8., Liprarian, 9 King-street, South-

wark, 8.B.

Harding, George, The Grove, Fishponds, Bristol.

Harford, Henry C., Lieut. 99th Regt., Cape of Good Hope.

Harold, Baron Edgar von, 52 Barerstrasse, Munich.

Harper, P. H., 830 Cambridge-street, Hyde Park-square, W.

. Harris, John T., Newton-road, Burton-on-Trent.

Henry, George, 38 Wellington-square, Hastings.

Hillman, Thomas Stanton, Hastgate-street, Lewes.

Holdsworth, Edward, Shanghai.

Horniman, Frederick John, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., F.Z.8., &e.,

Surrey House, Forest Hill, 8.K.

Hudd, A. E., 94 Pembroke-road, Clifton, Bristol.

Inchbald, Peter, F.L.S., Fulwith Grange, Harrogate, Yorks.

Janson, Edward W., 32 Victoria-road, Finsbury Park, N.;

and 85 Little Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.

Janson, Oliver E., 82 Victoria-road, Finsbury: Park, N.;

and 85 Little Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.

Jekel, Henri, 62 Rue de Dunkerque, Paris.

. Jenner, J. H. A., 4 Hast-street, Lewes.

. John, Evan, Llantrissant, Pontypridd.

Katter, Dr. F., Putbus, Riigen, North Prussia.

Kay, John Dunning, Leeds.

Kaye, Ernest St. G., Jessore, Bengal.

XVl

1861

1876

1842

1875

1868

1880

1868

1876

1835

1875

1865

1881

1849

1850

1880

1851

1858

1869

1873

1865

1856

1874

1865

1860

1865

1872

1880

1871

1879

1853

1869

1876

1872

1878

1869

1877

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Kirby, W. F., Secretary, 5 Union-road, Tufnell Park, N.

Kraatz, Dr. G. (President of the German Entomological

Society), Link-strasse, Berlin.

Kuper, Rev. Chas. Augustus Frederick, M.A., The Vicarage,

Trelleck, Chepstow.

Lamarche, Oscar, 70 Rue Lowvrex, Liege.

Lang, Lieut.-Col. A. M., R.E., Simla, India.

Lang, Henry Charles, M.D., F.L.S., 41 Berners-st., Oxford-

street, W.

Lendy, Major Augustus F., F.L.S., F.G.S., Sunbury House,

Sunbury, 8.W.

Lewis, George.

Lichtenstein, Jules, La Lironde, near Montpellier.

+ Lingwood, Robert Maulkin, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.8., 6 Park

Villas, Cheltenham.

Livingstone, Clermont, Tudor Lodge, Snaresbrook, E.

+ Llewelyn, J. Talbot Dillwyn, M.A., F.L.S., Ynisgerwn, Neath.

+ Lloyd, Alfred, F.C.S., The Dome House, Upper Bognor,

Sussex.

Logan, R. F., Spylaw House, Colinton, near Edinburgh.

S. Lowe, W. H., M.D., Woodcote Lodge, Inner Park-road,

Wimbledon Park, S.W.

+ Lubbock, Sir John, Bart., D.C.L., M.P., F.R.S., Pres.L.S.,

F.G.S., &e., High Elms, Farnborough, Kent.

Lupton, Henry, 32 Clarendon-road, Leeds.

+ M‘Intosh, J.

M‘Lachlan, Robert, F.R.S., F.L.8., 39 Limes-grove, Lewis-

ham, 8.E.

+ Marseul, L’Abbe S. A. de, 271 Boulevard Pereire, Paris.

S. Marsh, John Geo., 16 Hanover-st., Rye-lane, Peckham, 8.E.

Marshall, Rey. Thos. Ansell, M.A., F.L.S., Golconda Estate,

near San Fernando, Trinidad.

+ Marshall, William, Elm Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield.

+ Mason, Philip Brooke, M.R.C.S., F.L.S., Burton-on-Trent.

Mathew, Gervase F., R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., Instow,

North Devon.

May, John William, K.N.L., Arwndel House, Percy Cross,

Fulham-road, 8.W.

. Meek, Edward G., 56 Brompton-road, S.W.

Meldola, Raphael, F.R.A.S., F.C.S., 21 John-st., Bedford,

row, W.C.

Meyrick, Edward, Ramsbury, Hungerford, Wilts.

. Miskin, W. H., Brisbane, Queensland.

Monteiro, Senor Antonio Augusto de Carvatho, 72 Rua do

Alecrion, Lisbon.

Moore, Frederic, F.Z.S., A.L.S., 110 Oakfield-rd., Penge, 8.E.

Miiller, Albert, F.R.G.S., 1954 Junkerstrasse, Berne, Switzer-

land.

Miller, Dr. Clemens.

Murray, Lieut. H., 70th Brigade Depot, Tralee, Ireland.

Nevinson, Basil George, 19 Torrington-square, W.C.

Newman, Thomas P., 54 Hatton Garden, E.C.

Nottidge, Thomas, Ashford, Kent.

Oberthiir, Charles (fils), Rennes.

Oberthiir, René, Rennes.

LIST OF MEMBERS. XVll

Olivier, Ernest, Ramillons, pres Moulins ( Allier), France.

. Olliff, A. S., 36 Mornington-road, Regent's Park, N.W.

Ormerod, Miss Eleanor A., F.M.S., Dunster Lodge, Spring-

grove, Isleworth, W.

Ormerod, Miss Georgiana, Dunster Lodge, Spring-grove,

Isleworth, W.

Owen, Richard, C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., M.D., F.B.S., F.L.S., &e.,

British Museum, W.C.

Parry, Major Frederick John Sidney, F.L.S., 18 Onslow-

square, 5.W.

Pascoe, Francis P., F.L.8., 1 Burlington-road, Westbowrne

Park, W.

Perkins, Vincent Robt., 54 Glowcester-st., South Belgravia, W.

Phipson, Arthur, 3 Gray’s Inn-square, W.C.

Pigott, G. W. Royston, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., &ec.,

Annandale, Eastbourne, Sussex.

Pim, H. Bedford, Leaside, Kingswood-road, Upper Nor-

wood, 5.E.

Porritt, George T., F.L.8., Huddersfield.

. Power, Hy. d’Arcy, F.L.8., 109 Camberwell New-road, S.E.

Preston, Rey. Thomas Arthur, M.A., F.L.S., The Green,

Marlborough, Wilts.

Preudhomme de Borre, Alfred (Sec., Ent. Soc. of Belgium),

19 Rue de Dublin, Ixelles, near Brussels.

Price, David, 48 West-street, Horsham, Sussex.

. Pryer, H. J. 8., Yokohama, Japan.

Puls, J. C., Place de la Calandre, Ghent.

. Ransom,Wm. Hy., M.D., F.R.S., The Pavement, Nottingham.

Reed, Edwyn C., F.L.8., Calle Collegia, Valparaiso, Chili.

Reeks, Henry, F.L.8., Manor House, Thruxton, near

Andover, Hants.

Riley, C. V., State Entomologist, United States Entomological

Commission, Washington.

Ripon, George Frederick Samuel Robinson, Marquis of, K.G.,

F.R.S., F.L.S., &e., 1 Carlton-gardens, 8.W.

Robinson, Frank Edward, 10 Little Clarendon-street, Oxford.

Robinson-Douglas, William Douglas, F.L.S8., F.R.G.S.,

Orchardton, Castle Douglas, N.B.

. Rothera, G. B., High-street Place, Nottingham.

Rothney, G. A. J., Calcutta.

Rutherford, David Greig, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., F.Z.58., &e.

Rye, Edward Caldwell, F.Z.S., Somerset Villa, Upper Rich-

mond-road, Putney, S.W.

Rylands, Thomas Glazebrook, F.L.S., F.G.S., Highfields,

Thelwall, Warrington.

Salle, Auguste, 13 Rue Guy de la Brosse, Paris.

Salvin, Osbert, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.8., &c., 10 Chandos-street,

Cavendish-sq., W.; and Brookland-avenue, Cambridge.

Saunders, Edward, F.L.S., TrmasurER, Holmesdale, Wandle-

road, Upper Tooting, S.W.

Saunders, G. 8., St. Stephens, Canterbury, Kent.

Saunders, Sir Sidney Smith, C.M.G., Gatestone, Central Hill,

Upper Norwood, 8.E.

Schaufuss, L. W., Ph.D., M.Imp.L.C.Acad., &e., Dresden.

Scollick, A. J., Albion Lodge, Putney, S.W.

Xvi

1880

1875

1864

1862

1847

1852

1867

1877

1880

1869

1848

1878

1862

1837

1876

1856

1859

1869

1866

1876

1870

1878

1858

1863

1866

1869

1845

1876

1868

1865

1874

1881

1878

1874

1862

all

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Scott, Sir Arthur, Bart., 97 Haton-square, W.; and Great

Barr Hall, Birmingham.

Sealy, Alfred Forbes, Cochin, South India.

Semper, George, Altona.

Sharp, David, M.B., Hecles, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.

Shepherd, Edwin.

Sheppard, Edward, F.L.S.,18 Durham Villas, Kensington, W.

Sidebotham, Joseph, F.L.S., F.R.A.S., F.S.A., The Beeches,

Bowdon, Cheshire.

Slater, John Wm., 18 Wray-crescent, Tollington Park, N.

Smith, Miss Emily A. (Assist. State Entomologist of Illinois),

Peoria, Illinois ; and Care of Dr. R. Leuckart, Leipzig.

Smith, Henley Grose, Warnford-court, Throgmorton-st., E.C.

Spence, William Blundell, Rome.

Stainton, Henry Tibbats, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., &e., PRest-

DENT, Mowntsfield, Lewisham, 8.E.

Standen, Richard 8., Alby Hill House, Hanworth, Norfolk.

Stevens, John S., 388 King-street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Stevens, Samuel, F.L.8., Loanda, Beulah Hill, Upper

Norwood, S.E.

Swinton, A.H., Binfield House, Waterden-road, Guildford.

Thomson, Jas., 12 Rue de Presbowrg, Place del Etoile, Paris:

Trimen, Roland, F.L.S. (Curator of South African Museum),

Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.

Vaughan, Howard, 11 Ospringe-road, Brecknock-road, N.W.

Verrall, G. H., Sussex Lodge, Newmarket.

Wakefield, Charles Marcus, F.L.S., Belmont, Uxbridge.

Walker, Rey. Francis Augustus, M.A., F.L.8., Bowrne Villa,

Bowrnemouth, Hants.

. Walker, J.J., R.N., 12 Ranelagh-rd., Marine Town, Sheerness.

Wallace, Alexander, M.D., Trinity House, Colchester.

Wallace, Alfred Russel, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &e., Nutwood Cottage,

Frith Hill, Godalming.

Walsingham, Thomas de Grey, Lord, M.A., F.Z.8., &e.,

Eaton House, Eaton-square, 8.W.

Ward, Christopher, F.L.8., Savile-road, Halifax.

Waterhouse, Charles O., British Museum, W.C.

Waterhouse, George R., F.Z.5., &e., British Musewm, W.C.

Websdale, C. G., 78 High-street, Barnstaple.

Weir, John Jenner, I’.L.S., 6 Haddo Villas, Blackheath, S.E.

Western, E. Young, 27 Craven Hill Gardens, Bayswater, W.

Westwood, John Obadiah, M.A., F.L.8., &., Hope Professor

of Zoology, Walton Manor, Oxford.

White, F. Buchanan, M.D., F.L.S., Perth, N.B.

White, Rev. W. Farren, Stonehouse Vicarage, Gloucestershire.

Wilson, Owen, Cwmffrwd, Carmarthen.

Wood, Theodore, 5 Selwyn-terrace, Jasper-road, Upper

Norwood, 8.E.

Woodgate, John, Richmond-road, New Barnet, Herts.

Wood-Mason, James, F.G.S., F.L.S. (Curator of the Indian

Museum), Calcutta.

Wormald, Percy C., 2 Clifton Villas, Highgate Hill, N.

1865 S. Young, Morris, ree Musewm, Paisley.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY

DURING THE YEAR

TSS.

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Pl. 1—VI. 8vo. ([Naturlijke Historie. (Midden-Sumatra) Vijfde

Afdeeling. | The Author.

American Naturalist (The). Vol. XIV.,No.12. Vol. XV., Nos. 1—6, and 8—11.

8yo. Philadelphia. The Editor.

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With 4 Plates. 8yvo. Stockholm, 1879. The Author.

Lepidoptera Damarensia. F6rteckning pa fiiirilar insamlade i Dama-

ralandet af G. de Vylder aren 1873 och 1874 jemte beskrifning

6fver forut okiinda arter. 8vo. Stockholm, 1880. The Author.

Ueber sekundiire geschlechtscharaktere nordischer tagfalter mit 3 tafeln

The Author.

Axon (William E. A.) On the Plague of Caterpillars (Chareas Graminis) at

Clitheroe. (Not published.) 1881. The Author.

Bere (Carlos). Apuntes Lepidopterologicos. II. & III. 8yvo. 1880 and 1881.

The Author.

Brertxav (Dr. Philipp). Bericht tiber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im

Gebiete der Entomologie wahrend des Jahres 1879. 8vo. Berlin,

1881. Purchased.

Bronenmart (Charles J. E.) Rapport sur l’excursion faite 4 Gisors et aux

environs les 16 et 17 Mai, 1880. 8vo. Rennes, 1880.

The Author.

Bronentart (Charles J. E.) et Maxime Cornu. Observations nouvelles sur les

épidémies sévissant sur les insectes. Diptéres (Scatophaga) tués

par un Champignon (Entomophthora). 8vo. 1879. The Authors.

Broun (Captain Thomas). Manual of the New Zealand Coleoptera. 8vo.

Wellington, 1880. The Secretary of State for the Colonies.

Manual of New Zealand Coleoptera. Part 2. The Author.

BurMEIster (Dr. Hermann). Description Physique de la République Argentine.

Tome III., lére partie. S8vo. Buenos-Aires, 1879. The Author.

Atlas de la Description Physique. 2éme partie. Lépidoptéres. 4to.

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Atlas de la Description Physique. lére section. Vues Pittoresques.

XIV. tableaux, fo. royal. Buenos-Aires. The Author.

Cephalocoema und Phylloscirtus, zwei merkwiirdige Orthopteren-

Gattungen der Fauna Argentina. 4to. Halle, 1880. The Author.

Buruer (Arthur Gardiner). Ilustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera-

Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part V. 4to.

London, 1881. Trustees of the British Museum.

Pax)

Canadian Entomologist (The). Edited by William Saunders. Vol. XIL.,

Nos. 11 and 12. Vol. XIII., Nos. 1—7, and 9—10. I'he Editor.

Cuampers (V. T.) New Species of Tineina. S8vo. Cincinnati, 1881.

The Author.

Cistula Entomologica. Parts 2 and 10—24. Purchased.

Cornu (M.), C. Bronanrart, et M. Dumas. Sur une Epidémie d’Insectes Diptéres

causée par un Champignon. 8yo. Paris. M. Brongniart

Entomologist (The). S8vo. London, 1881. T. P. Newman.

Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine (The). Vol. XVII., Nos. 200—204. Vol.

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Fasre (J. H.) Souyenirs Entomologiques. Etudes sur l’instinct et les mceurs

des Insectes. 12mo. Paris, 1879. Purchased.

Grote (A. R.) North American Moths, with a Preliminary Catalogue of the Spe-

cies of Hadenaand Polia. 8vo. Washington, 1881. The Author.

Hacen (Hermann A.) A New Enemy of the Black Spruce (Abies nigra). 8vo.

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Orthoptera, and Hymenoptera; with Descriptions of the Species.

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Karrer (Dr. F.) Entomologische Nachrichten, 6 Jahrgang; and 7 Jahrgang,

Nos. 1—23. 8vo. Putbus, 1880-1881. Purchased.

Kirsy (W. F.) On the Hymenoptera collected by Prof. J. Bayley Balfour in

Socotra. 8vo. London, 1881. The Author.

Kocu (Dr. Ludwig). Uebersichtliche Darstellung der europiischen Chernetiden

(Pseudoscorpione). 8vo. Niinberg, 1873. Purchased.

Lxrzen (Dr. Robert). Die Myriopoden der Osterreichisch-Ungarischen Mon-

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Le Conte (Dr. John L.) Synopsis of the Lampyride of the United States. 8vo.

Philadelphia, 1881. The Author.

Lorw (H.) Die Europiiischen Bohrfliigen (Trypetide). fo. Wien, 1862.

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M‘Lacuuan (Robert). Finska Trichoptera. 8vo. Helsingfors, 1881.

The Author.

Trichoptéres, Nevroptéres-Planipennes et Pseudo-Nevroptéres, récoltes

pendant une excursion en Belgique, au mois de Juillet, 1881.

The Author.

Note sur le mile de Perla Selysii, Pictet. 8vo. Bruxelles, 1881.

The Author.

The Article ‘‘ Insects,” from the ‘ Encyclopedia Britannica’ (9th edit.)

1881. The Author.

Moors (Frederic). The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. Part 2. The Ceylon Government.

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Nature. Nos. 579—631. The Publishers:

Ormerop (Edward L.), M.D. British Social Wasps: an Introduction to their

Anatomy and Physiology, Architecture, and General Natuval

History. Post 8vo. London, 1868. F. Grut.

(Psa)

Ormerop (Eleanor A.) Notes of Observations of Injurious Insects. 1880.

The Author.

Manual of Injurious Insects, and Methods of Prevention. London,

1881. The Author.

Packarp (A. §.), Jun.,M.D. The Hessian Fly: its Ravages, Habits, Enemies, é&c. -

8vo. Washington, 1880. The Author.

On a Crayfish from the Lower Tertiary Beds of Western Wyoming.

1881. The Author.

Pasco (Francis P.) Zoological Classification : a Handy Book of Reference, with

Tables of the Subkingdoms, Classes, Orders, &c., of the Animal

Kingdom, their Characters, and Lists of the Families and Principal

Genera. 2nd edition. 12mo. London, 1880. The Author.

Prters (W. C. H.), J. V. Carus, and C. E. Adolph Gurstarcker. Handbuch

der Zoologie. Zweiter Band. Arthropoden. 8yo. Leipzig, 1863.

Sir S. S. Saunders.

Puarnau (Félix). Recherches Physiologiques sur le Coeur des Crustacés Deca-

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PREUDHOMME DE Borre (A.) Description d’une espéce nouvelle du Genre Onitis

suivie de celles des femelles des Onitis lama et Brahma, et de la

Liste des Onitides du Musée Royal de Belgique. 8vo. Bruxelles,

1881. The Author.

De peu de valeur du Caractére sur lequel a été établi le genre ou sous-

genre Rhombonyx. 8vo. Bruxelles, 1881. The Author.

Liste des Criocérides recueillis au Brésil par feu Camille Van Volxem

suivie de Ja Description de douze nouvelles espéces Américaines de

cette tribu. 8vo. Bruxelles, 1881. The Author.

Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province d’Anvers.

Coléoptéres. lére Centurie. 8vo. Bruxelles, 1881. The Author.

Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique du Brabant. Coléoptéres.

lére Centurie. 8vo. Bruxelles, 1881. The Author.

Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique des Flandres. Coléoptéres.

lére Centurie. 8vo. Bruxelles, 1881. The Author.

Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique du Luxembourg Belge.

Coléoptéres. lére Centurie. 8vo. Luxembourg et Bruxelles, 1881.

The Author.

Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province de Namur.

Coléoptéres. 1ére Centurie. 8yo. Bruxelles, 1881.

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Psyche. Vol. III., Nos. 69—86. 1880 and 1881. The Editor.

Revrer (O. M.) Ad cognitionem Reduviidarum mundi antiqui. 4to. Helsing-

forsiz, 1881. The Author.

Riuey (Charles V.) Philosophy of the Pupation of Butterflies, and particularly

of the Nymphalide. The Author.

Notes on the Grape Phylloxera, and on Laws to Prevent its Introduction.

The Author.

Hybernation of the Cotton-Worm Moth: ease with which mistakes are

made. The Author.

The Rocky Mountain Locust. Permanent Courses for the Government

to adopt to lessen or avert Locust-injury. 8vo. Washington, 1880.

(Author's Edition.) ! The Author.

Further Notes on the Pollination of Yucca, and on Pronuba and

Prodoxus. 8yo. 1880. The Author.

Additional Notes on the Army-Worm (Leucania unipuncta).

The Author.

Some Recent Practical Results of the Cotton-Worm Inquiry by the

U.S. Entomological Commission. The Author.

‘The hitherto unknown Habits of two Genera of Bee-flies (Bombylide).

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Rivey (Charles V.), continued. The Rocky Mountain Locust. Further Facts

about the Natural Enemies of Locusts. 8vo. 1880. The Author.

General Index and Supplement to the Nine Reports on the Noxious,

Beneficial, and other Insects of the State of Missouri.

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Riuey (C. V.), A. S. Packarp, and Cyrus THomas. Second Report of the United

States Entomological Commission for the Years 1878 and 1879,

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8vo. Washington, 1880. Department of the Interior.

Rovcemont (Ph. de). Note sur l'Helicopsyche sperata (M‘Lach.) The Author.

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Insamlade under expeditionerna till Obi och Jenessej] 1876 och 1877.

(Med en Tatla). 4to. Stockholm, 1880. The Swedish Academy.

Bidrag till Nordyestra Sibiriens Insektfauna. Hemiptera, Heteroptera.

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Warernovse (C. O.), and Edwin Wizson. Aid to the Identification of Insects.

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Morphological Notes bearing on the Origin of Insects. The Author.

Description of a New Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the

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Description of the Female of Hebomoia Roepstorfii. The Author.

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THE

TRANSACTIONS

EKNTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LON DON

POR THE YEAR 16614

I. Descriptions of new Genera and Specics of Heterocerous

Lepidoptera from Japan. By Arruur G. Burier,

Mast) FA-8.; &e:

[Read February 2nd, 1881.]

SPHINGES ann BOMBYCES.

Tux species described in the present paper are chiefly

from the collection made by Mr. Montague Fenton at

Tokei; to these I have added a series forwarded by

Mr. Pryer from Yokohama, and a few species obtained

by Mr. Maries at Nikko.

SPHINGIDA.

CINoGoN, n. g.

Allied to Pterogon, Boisd. (Proserpinus), but the pri-

maries not angulated as in that genus, their form being

almost that of Pergesa, but narrower, and with shghtly

undulated outer margin; secondaries also very like

Pergesa, but with more acute apex, and with slightly

undulated margin ; antenne not hooked at the extremity,

terminating in a small pencil of hair, more slender than

in Pergesa; character of markings as in Pterogon and

allied groups. Type, C. cingulatum.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—pParRT I. (APRIL.) B

2 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

1. Cinogon cingulatum, n. s.

Primaries pale rosy brown, or dull reddish flesh-colour,

with brown-speckled white costal border; a short oblique

reddish olivaceous belt across the base, followed by two

slender parallel oblique lines of the same colour; an

oblique patch immediately beyond the cell, followed by

an oblique internally sharply defined and externally dif-

fused belt, followed again by a slender slightly undulated

oblique discal line; all these are olivaceous; external

border broad, but terminating obliquely at apex, and ex-

ternal angle; greyish, excepting towards apex, where it is

white, mottled throughout with grey; fringe white spotted

with blackish at the extremities of the veins; inner mar-

ein white towards the base; secondaries purplish black

crossed by an ivregular externally bisinuated tawny belt

and with blackish-mottled brown external border ; fringe

white spotted with blackish ; body bright golden brown,

the head and sides of tegule clouded with olive; m margins

of head, collar, tegule, and thorax, and posterior margins

of the abdominal segments, snow-white ; antenne white,

tawny in front; under surface tawny, varied with dull

pink, brown and white; wings crossed by two parallel

brownish oblique discal lines; costal borders mottled

with white; external borders as above; basal area of

primaries dusky; margins of palpi, a tuft behind them,

upper surface of legs, and hind margins of abdominal

segments, white; expanse of wings, 2 inches 3 lines.

One male example, Tokei (Fenton).

Very near to ‘f Smerinthus!” askoldensis, Oberthur, just

published ; but apparently distinct.

2. Hyloicus davidis, Oberth.

Primaries above greyish white, crossed at basal third

by an oblique undulated fuliginous-brown line, elbowed

towards the costa within the cell; a blackish streak on

the inner border from the base to the oblique line; a

black dot at the base of the costal border; area imme-

diately beyond the oblique line brownish ; a small white

stigma at the end of the cell, connected, by a recurrent

black streak, with the oblique line; two parallel un-

dulated elbowed fuliginous lines across the disc, crossed

by three longitudinal black dashes, one towards the base

of each of the median interspaces, and one in the upper

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 8

radial interspace; an irregularly dentated erey external

border, limited internally at apex by a zigzag black line ;

secondaries fuliginous-brown ; a central diffused belt and

the external border darker brown; thorax greyish white ;

the palpi dark brown externally ; head dark brown above,

with blackish posterior margin; tegule dark brown, with

black margins and white external fringe; abdomen

brownish, with a blackish longitudinal dorsal line and

lateral dusky spots; antenne whitish, with the front

margin red-brown; under surface pale sandy brown,

wings with faint traces of the discal lines; expanse of

wings, 2 inches 8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton) ; Nikko (Maries).

Easily distinguished from H. caligineus and H. pinastri

by its broad wings and pale colouring. M. Oberthur has

just forestalled this description.

CHALCOSIIDAL.

SCHISTOMITRA, N. g.

Allied to Chatamla; wings very broad; primaries with

rather short straight costal margin, outer margin arched,

inner margin straight, nearly as long as the costal

marein; all the veins well separated; costal vein tey-

minating at the second third of costa, first and second

subcostal branches emitted at some distance before the

end of the cell, third and fourth branches emitted on a

long footstalk from below the middle of the second

branch, fifth branch emitted with the upper radial from

a short footstalk at the superior angle of the cell; lower

radial emitted rather nearer to the superior than to the

inferior angle; disco-cellulars transverse, slightly arched ;

median branches all well separated at their origins;

secondaries pyriform, with rather long costal margin ;

veins very regular, the costal vein being long, the sub-

costal emitting two branches from the superior angle of

the cell, the radial emitted rather above the middle of

the disco-cellulars, which are oblique and slightly curved ;

median branches well separated at their origins; sub-

median extending to anal angle; internal to below the

middle of the abdominal margin; body stout, velvety,

not extending to the anal angle of the secondaries ; head

small; antenne thick and smooth, slightly denticulated

along the inferior margin; palpi small; legs thick and

rather short; pectus woolly. Type, S. funerals.

all

f Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

3. Schistomitra funeralis, n. 8.

?. Black, with a very slight dark greenish gloss,

markings cream-coloured; primaries with a subcostal

streak from the base to the first third of the wing; a

broad curved belt, its inner margin deeply incised and

undulated, at the end of the cell, extending from the

costal vein to near the base of the inner margin; a broad

discal belt formed of eight elongated spots separated at

the nervures, the first spot rather short and linear, the

fourth short and nearly square; secondaries with the

basal half of costal border cream-coloured ; a broad belt,

notched in front above the end of the cell, and nearly

filling the basal half of the wing; a broad discal belt

formed of eight large elongated spots separated at the

nervures, the third rather shorter than the others, ex-

cepting the eighth, which is very small; collar yellow;

abdomen crossed by four interrupted orange bands, anus

orange; wings below paler than above, the black parts

‘with purplish reflections; pectus with a white tuft on

each side ; venter orange, with four longitudinal series

of black spots, the spots of the lateral series small; ex-

panse of wings, 2 inches 6 lines.

Fusiyama, Nikko (Maries).

HiucysMa, Nn. g.

Allied to Agalope, but easily distinguished by the form

of the secondaries, which are stretched out at the ex-

tremities of the third median branch (which is, moreover,

bifurcate), and the radial vein into a long narrow tail.

4. Licysma translucida, n. s.

é. Wings hyaline white, slightly dusky externally ;

veins brown; primaries with a black-edged orange belt

across the base; body grey, anal appendages testaceous ;

antenne black; expanse of wings, 2 inches 5 lines.

Yokohama (77. Pryer).

Chaleosia caudata of Bremer is probably an allied spe-

cies of Hicysma, although represented with simple median

branches and much shorter tail to the secondaries,

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 5

ZYGHNIDA.

5. Syntomis erebina, ni. 8.

Dark chocolate-brown ; primaries with four squamose

testaceous oval spots on the disc, one near the costa,

two separated only by the third median branch, and the

fourth on the interno-median interspace; secondaries

with a large oval squamose testaceous spot just beyond

the cell, and a U-shaped marking attached to a small

dot on the interno-median area; head, collar, tegule,

and abdomen glossed with dull steel-blue; abdomen

banded at the base and just beyond the middle with

ochreous; under surface as above, excepting that the

markings of the secondaries are pale ochreous, and

united into an irregular belt, and that there are three

ochreous spots on each side of the basal half of the

venter ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 63 lines.

One example, Tokei (Fenton).

Allied to S. phegea of Europe.

ARCTIIDA.

6. Nemeophila macromera, N. 8.

Very close to N. plantaginis of Europe ; but constantly

larger, the white spot in the discoidal cell apparently

never touching the costal margin, the subapical sig-

moidal stripe not united to the &-shaped marking; the

secondaries pale ochreous instead of orange, with a con-

tinuous irregular black external border ; two disco-sub-

marginal black spots, the first beyond the cell and the

second larger, and uniting with the external border; a

lunate spot at the end of the cell; a submedian streak

from the base to the first branch of the median vein,

and a second broader and longer interno-median streak ;

body normal; expanse of wings, 1 inch 9 lines.

Var. lewcomera.

Differs from the ordinary form just as NV. hospita from

typical N. plantaginis in the snow-white colour of its

secondaries.

Var. melanomera.

Differs from the ordinary form much as N. matronalis

does from typical NV. plantaginis, but differs from Freyer's

first figure, to which it comes nearest, in the different

form and coloration of the markings of the secondaries,

6 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

which produce a nearly Y-shaped figure beyond the cell,

and are snow-white instead of yellow; of course this

form is considerably larger than the corresponding form

of the smaller N. plantaginis.

Tokei (Fenton).

7. Diacrisia irene, nu. 8.

3. Allied to D. russula, from which it differs in the

total absence of black markings from both surfaces of

the wings and in the brighter red colouring of the

antenne ; the primaries above are also darker, being of

a bright ochreous colour; expanse of wings, 1 inch

9 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

8. Rhyparioides simplicior, n. s.

Nearly allied to &. nebulosa, and possibly a hybrid

between that species and R. subvaria; it differs from

R. nebulosa in the much more ochreous and less clouded

colouring of the primaries, and the smaller and less

numerous black spots on the secondaries, in which last

respect it agrees well with R&R. subvaria; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 10 lines.

Two males. Tokei (Fenton).

The receipt of a female R. subvaria from Japan proves

it to be a Rhyparioides ; the R. metalkana of Lederer also

belongs to this genus, and not to Diacrisia.

9. Spilarctia basilimbata, n. s.

Allied to S. seriatopunctata; considerably smaller, and

of a dull whitish stone-colour, the discal black dashes

elongated so as to form a distinct tapering band; other

spots larger; interno-median area suffused with dull

olivaceous-brown ; secondaries rosy greyish between the

cell and abdominal margin; an additional blackish spot

beyond the cell; thorax pale sordid buff, abdomen duller

than in S. seriatopunctata; primaries below with the

discal belt filled in, and forming a broad tapering band

which covers nearly the whole of the interno-median

area, and tapers to a point towards the apex; costal

margin and cell rosy ochreous, with the usual black

spots; external border broadly ochreous, with two black

dots placed obliquely at about its centre ; secondaries

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 7

paler than in 8S. seriatopunctata, with the same black

spot at the end of the cell, but the other spots differently

placed, being in the interno-median and first median

interspaces ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 7 lines.

One male. Tokei (Fenton).

Our males of S. seriatopunctata measure four lines

more in expanse than this species, but the whole colora-

tion is so distinct, notwithstanding a partial agreement

in the pattern, that I can hardly believe it possible for

the difference to be due to variation.

10. Spilarctia bifasciata, n. s.

Buff-coloured, the primaries crossed at basal third by

an arched and unequal macular band commencing on

the costa in a cuneiform black dash which runs almost

to the base; a second more uniform band, elbowed at

the inferior angle of the cell, and only separated by the

buff-coloured nervures just beyond the middle; this band

commences in a costal dash which runs towards the

apex, a rather broad internal abbreviated band uniting

the two transverse bands; antenne black; abdomen

with dorsal and lateral series of black spots; under

surface bright ochreous, the bands of the primaries

indistinct ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 11 lines.

One male. Tokei (Fenton).

I do not know any species nearly allied to this.

11. Euprepia pheosoma, Butler.

Var. auwripennis.

Differs from the typical form in having the ground-

colour of the secondaries and abdomen bright golden

ochreous instead of scarlet; expanse of wings, 3 inches

1 line.

One female. Tokei (Fenton).

I find, from an examination of four specimens of the

typical form from Nikko and two from Tokei, that the

coloration of the body agrees as a rule with the Euro-

pean EH. caja; the species may, however, be invariably

separated from the latter by the great breadth of the

oblique belt from the inner margin to the end of the cell

of primaries, which, unlike that in H. caja, always greatly

exceeds in width the band from the end of the cell to the

8 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

external angle; the smaller black spots on the secondaries

are usually, but not invariably, absent.

LITHOSIIDA.

12. Miltochrista artaxidia, n. 8s.

In general pattern and coloration similar to Artaxra

piperita ; it is, however, considerably smaller than that

insect, and is allied to M. humilis ; primaries bright buff-

yellow; two pale grey spots placed obliquely within the

cell, and on the interno-median interspace towards the

base ; the internal border, excepting at the base, and a

broad irregular discal belt, continuous with the internal

border, and not reaching the costal margin, near to

which it is bifurcate, grey with slight violaceous reflec-

tions ; secondaries pale creamy stramineous, with a broad

greyish discal belt, much paler than that of the primaries,

and diffused internally; body bright buff; under surface

paler than above; expanse of wings, 1 inch.

One male specimen. ‘Tokei (Fenton).

18. Gampola noctis, n. s.

Fuliginous-brown, without markings ; primaries above

with slight bronzy reflections, secondaries blacker in tint

with slight purplish reflections ; wings below of a uniform

fuliginous-brown colour; legs and body below pale brown;

expanse of wings, 1 inch.

One specimen of this very distinct species. Tokei

(Fenton).

14. Sinna fenton, n. s.

Very like S. extrema (Teinopyga reticularis, Felder),

from Shanghai, but differing in the duller colouring of the

reticulated lines on the primaries; these lines are also

much more slender; the black spots on the apical area

replaced by narrower greyish brown spots; surface of

primaries less sericeous; expanse of wings, 1 inch

5 lines.

Two specimens. ‘Tokei (Fenton).

15.. Sinna clara, n. s.

Allied to the preceding, but the primaries of a clear

pale sulphur-yellow tint; the basal half of these wings

and the thorax crossed by slender ochreous reticulated

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 9

lines; no dark spots on the apical area; abdomen and

secondaries shining snow-white, without stain of any

yellowish or brownish tint; expanse of wings, 1 inch

5 lines.

One perfect specimen. ‘Tokei (Fenton).

The absence of the apical black or blackish spots at

once distinguishes this from all the other species; it is

not likely to be the female of the preceding, since this

sex of S. extrema and S. calospila exhibits the same

characteristic markings as in the male.

LIPARIDA.

16. Cherotriche niphonis, u. 8.

é. Greyish fuliginous; primaries above densely

speckled with black and buff scales, with the costal

border broadly pale buff, interrupted by a few black

scales where it meets the outer border; the latter also

pale buff, sparsely sprinkled with black scales; a black

dot at the end of the cell; base of costa black-speckled ;

head and collar ochreous; antenne blackish; thorax

pale buff; abdomen brownish; wings below brown, with

irregular and partly diffused pale buff costal and external

borders ; body below ochreous; expanse of wings, 1 inch

5 lines.

One specimen. Tokei (Fenton).

17. Cherotriche squamosa, n. 8.

?. Ochreous; primaries above; a broad almost cu-

neiform patch of reddish, mottled with black, filling

nearly the whole space between the cell and the inner

margin, but not quite extending to the base, and only

touching the outer margin at external angle; a black

spot at the end of the cell; extreme base white; a black

spot close to the base; secondaries with a black spot at

the end of the cell; under surface clear stramineous ;

all the wings with a black spot at the end of the cell;

expanse of wings, | inch 9 lines.

Two females, Tokei (Lenton); one female, Yokohama

(Pryer). The specimen from Yokohama has the pri-

maries of a distinctly more yellow tint (inclining to

gamboge) than the secondaries.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PaRT I. (APRIL.) Cc

10 Mr. A. G. Butler's Descriptions of new

18. Orgyia approximans, Nn. 8.

3. Nearly allied to O. gonostigma, but the wings nar-

rower and more produced at apex; the white spots of

primaries smaller, only two (instead of four to five) at

apex; the ground colour of the primaries darker, so that

the blackish spots are less perceptible ; expanse of wings,

1 inch 4 lines.

One male. ‘Tiokei (Fenton).

19. Orgyia thyellina, un. s.

Somewhat allied to O. trigotephras, but much larger

and darker; the primaries more produced at apex; the

basal third and the internal border as far as the white

lunule (which is large and prominent) testaceous, mot-

tled with dull ferruginous or mahogany-brown; re-

mainder of wing blackish brown, crossed just beyond the

cell by a broad belt of scattered testaceous mottlings ;

three testaceous-bordered black spots in an oblique series

above the white lunule near the external angle; three

spots, of which the two upper are black, bordered with

testaceous and white, in a reversed oblique series across

the apical area; an indistinct marginal series of grey-

edged subconfluent black spots; this series forms an

elbow inwards at external angle, and consequently at

that point becomes submarginal; secondaries very dark

chocolate-brown; fringe with pale basal and external

lines; body greyish; under surface of wings fuliginous-

brown; primaries with shining whity brown internal

border; body below whity brown; expanse of wings,

1 inch 33 hnes.

One male. Tokei (Fenton).

A very distinct species.

20. Porthetria wmbrosa, n. s.

Of about the average size of P. dispar of Europe; but

at once separable from that species by the diffused ill-

defined character of all its markings, and the absence of

the blackish dentate-sinuate discal line beyond the cell

of the primaries; the externo-discal dentate-sinuate

line is present, but less clearly defined; expanse of

wings, male, 1 inch 10 lines to 2 inches; female, 2 inches

3 to 5 lines.

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 11

Male and female. Tokei (Fenton); female, Yokohama

(Jonas); male, Hakodate (Whitely).

Until the arrival of Mr. Fenton’s collection, I always

believed this to be a small variety of P. japonica, Motsch. ;

it appears, however, to be invariably not only much

smaller, but much paler than that species; the primaries

also, as compared with the secondaries, being noticeably

smaller.

21. Porthetria hadina, n. 8.

Lymantria funida $ (nec. 2), Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., ser. 4, vol. xx., p. 402 (1877).

The male of P. fumida proves to be very similar to the

female (Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., ii., pl. xxiv., fig. 4), although

naturally much smaller and darker. In accordance with

the rule now followed, the fact that I figured the female

as typical of the species (thus restricting the name to

that form) renders it necessary for me to rename the

male described in the ‘Annals,’ as being distinct from

the true male of P. fumida.

P. hadina is referable to the P. dispar group, and is of

about the average size of that species, but is of a. de-

eidedly blacker colour, darker even than P. japonica ;

the markings on the primaries consist of two incurved

widely separated zigzag blackish lines, which limit the

central third of the wing, and enclose a broad irregular

diffused band of the same colour, and of a rather broad

blackish border, with irregularly sinuated internal edge ;

the ground colour of these wings is olivaceous-brown ;

the secondaries are of a uniform dark brown colour ;

the fringes of all the wings are brown spotted with

black. In some respects P. hadina is perhaps nearer to

P. eremita of Europe.

22. Porthetria lucescens, n. s.

Allied to P. asetria (Hubner, Exot. Schmett., i1.,

pl.178; 1806), but larger, the dots near the base replaced

by a single zigzag brown line; the line which crosses

the cell placed at nearly twice the distance from the two

contiguous discal lines, the latter less incurved towards

the base; secondaries pale shining greyish testaceous

instead of yellowish white; no distinct submarginal

undulated stripe, but the apical border broadly greyish ;

disco-cellulars grey ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 9 lines,

One male. Tokei (Fenton).

12 Mr. A. G. Butler's Descriptions of new

Although the primaries of the male P. asetria and of

this species much resemble the species of Lymantria,

they differ in being less produced at apex; the female

of P. asetria also has the elongated narrow-winged

character of typical Porthetria.

23. Dasychira argentata, n. 8.

3. Most nearly allied to D. abietis of Kurope; greyish

fuliginous; the primaries shining; the basal third and

external border silvery whitish; the whole surface of the

wing crossed much as in D. abietis by zigzag or undu-

lating blackish and grey parallel lines, of which the most

prominent are those limiting the basal area and the

external border; disco-cellulars black and angulated as

in D. abietis; secondaries whitish towards the base; the

disco-cellulars and a broad externo-discal belt dark

greyish ; thorax greyish white, the collar with a greenish

tint; a spot on each shoulder and a band across the

metathorax black; antenne whitish, with long rust-red

pectinations; abdomen whity brown; under surface of

wings whity brown, with disco-cellular spots and a

discal belt grey; body almost pure white; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 11 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

Although I have noted D. abietis and D. argentata

here as species of Dasychira, they differ from D. pudi-

bunda (the markings of which are wholly dissimilar) in

their more woolly thorax, and in their thick woolly

wings, in which the veins are much less conspicuous;

the pattern of the primaries is of a different character ;

in all these points of difference they correspond to

“ Teara”’ rotundata, Wlk., of Australia, with which they

may be associated as a new genus under the name of

Calliteara.

The Dasychira fascelina of Europe differs in neuration

from D. pudibunda, the difference being especially notice-

able in the male sex, in which the second and third

branches of the median vein of the secondaries are

emitted from a long footstalk; this species and D.

leucophea of Georgia may be separated under the name

of Dicallomera.

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 13

SATURNIIDA.

94, Antherea hazina, n. s.

3. Allied to A. yamamai, but of a rusty orange colour,

least red at the base, costal border and apical area of

primaries; it differs also in having a well-defined ferru-

ginous sinuated stripe half way between the ordinary

stripes representing the central belt of the secondaries,

close to the outer margin; again, there is a feebly sinuated

dusky stripe (wanting in A. yamamaz), and just within the

discal whitish-bordered slaty-grey stripe is a well-defined

more deeply sinuated dusky stripe; expanse of wings,

6 inches 5 to 7 lines.

?. Differs from the male in being of a more flesh-

brown tint, and with no trace of the submarginal dusky

stripe on the wings; expanse of wings, 6 inches 5 lines.

Male and female. Yokohama (Jonas); male, Tokei

(Fenton).

Whether this is or is not a seasonal form of A.

yamamai | am unable to say, but it seems fairly common

at Yokohama.

25. Antherea fentoni, n. 8.

Allied to the preceding, but of the colour of A. confuci

of Moore ; it differs from the latter in the possession of

an interrupted whitish-edged slate-coloured stripe across

the basal fourth of primaries, in the second stripe run-

ning behind (therefore interrupted by) the ocelli instead

of nearer to the outer margin, in the presence of a

similar stripe on the secondaries, in the discal stripe

being black, and the line interior to it brown, instead of

both being reddish, and in its being also much farther

from the second stripe; from S. hazina it differs in

being of a pale olivaceous-brown colour slightly tinted

with pink in the male, especially towards the outer

margin, in the discal stripe being dull black, and all the

other stripes more or less olivaceous ; the male has a sub-

costal streak of yellow at the base of the primaries, and

the thorax just behind the collar is of the same colour ;

expanse of wings, male, 6 inches 3 lines; female,

5 inches 10 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Possibly a local race of A. yamamat.

14 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

26. Antherea calida, n.s.

This form differs chiefly from the preceding ones in

its rich ruddy chocolate-colour, with a silky greyish

gloss on the primaries; the markings, although similar

in pattern, are much less strongly defined, with the ex-

ception of the white border to the discal stripe of the

female, which is very vivid; the latter is also placed, in

both sexes at a greater distance from the second stripe ;

expanse of wings, male, 3 inches 3 lines; female,

5 inches 5 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Whether this was taken actually in Tokei or not I

have no means of judging, as Mr. Fenton had placed all

his Anthereas together in his collection, without ap-

pending exact habitats to each specimen; in a genus

like the present, in which there is throughout a great

similarity of pattern even in species from widely distant

localities (differmg much in the form of their pupa-

eases, and probably much more in their larval characters),

it is singularly unfortunate that no especial attention

has been paid to this important point.

27. Antherea morosa, nN. 8.

Differs from the preceding forms in its fuliginous-

brown colour, sometimes with a yellow border to the

wings, and in the ill-defined character of all the dark

stripes on the wings; expanse of wings, 5 inches 8 lines

to 6 inches.

Tokei (Fenton).

Of this form Mr. Fenton only obtained males, of which

he had about half a dozen; it may be a seasonal form

of the preceding.

28. T'ropea dulcinea, n. 8.

$. Form of TJ’. gnoma, excepting that the primaries

are rather more elongated; most nearly allied to 7’.

artemis, but differimg in the absence of the white costal

margin to the primaries, of the plum-coloured band at

the back of the head, and of the band on the under sur-

face of the wings; the front wings are also decidedly

longer; wings pale green, white at the base, and with

white internal frimges; fringe of outer margins pale

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 15

stramineous; ocelli small, oval, stramineous, with

slender linear transparent pupil, and bounded internally

by a white-edged black curved litura; primaries with

plum-coloured costal border ; body white, back of collar

plum-coloured ; antenne testaceous; expanse of wings,

5 inches 8 lines.

Male. Tokei (Fenton).

In a paper upon the Sphingide! published some time

since by Herr Maassen, it is asserted that my 7’. gnoma

owes the brown veins on its wings to rubbing, and is

nothing else than 7’. artemis; I should be sorry to con-

tradict so reliable an authority as Herr Maassen, but

for the fact that the type of my species has never been

examined by him; as it is, although it is true that the

veins in my type are rubbed, and may therefore owe their

brown colouring to this fact, I find that the female (when

fresh) possesses distinctly sandy yellowish veins, the

colour of which is not due to rubbing. But, in the

second place, [ am not aware that I laid especial stress

upon the one character of vein-coloration ; I certainly

never intended to do so, for the form of the wings offers

a far more important distinction between 7’. gnoma and

T’. artemis; the long narrow tails of the secondaries,

common to both sexes of J’. gnoma, are quite sufficient

to separate it at a glance from 7’. artemis; but, again,

Herr Maassen says that even these structural differences

are not reliable, and in proof of this assertion he goes on

to specify the points of difference between his examples

of T'ropea luna. A comparison, however, of specimens

of a species, so frequently reared* in confinement as

T. luna, with those of a purely wild form must necessarily

be an unfair one, since it is well known that the domes-

tication of any animal tends greatly to increase its

variability.

In the second place, Herr Maassen does not say

whence the specimens which he calls J’. luna were

obtained; he does not assure us that he has seen the

whole of the described forms referable to the genus, so

as to be certain of the correctness of the statement that

these forms (which he regards as varieties) have not

been described as species; nay, on the contrary, he

* Herr Maassen implies that all his specimens are bred; he

says, ‘“‘ Rearing has taught that all these different aberrations

spring from eggs which a single female has laid.”

16 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

wisely says, ‘“‘so far as I know” his words are “ Ks ist

bis jetzt, so viel mir bekannt, noch Niemandem, selbst

nicht einmal dem gelehrten Hrn. Grote, eingefallen, aus

diesem individuellen Unterschieden der 7’. Luna Art-

rechte herleiten zu wollen und diverse Species daraus

zu bilden.”

In the third place, supposing that the whole of Herr

Maassen’s varieties are reared from the eges of the same

female, and therefore can without hesitation be regarded

as abnormally developed sports of the same species; it

will be noticed that none of them appear to differ in the

form of the primaries, the whole apparently possessing

the extraordinary faleate character of JT. luna, since

nothing to the contrary is noted.

Lastly, the variability of one species in a genus is no

certain guide by which to measure the constancy of the

others; conditions of climate may readily develop

aberrations in the one case which are quite unknown in

the others; even the late Mr. Hewitson, whose tendency

to associate allied forms is well known, saw fit at times

to limit the variability of species to such an extent as to

astonish his friends, some of his species of [thomia * and

Pronophila + being distinguished by the coloration of the

antenne, or the simple addition of a single white spot

on the under surface.

LASIOCAMPIDA.

29. Hutricha dolosa, n. 8.

3. Nearly allied to EH. pint; but altogether larger,

duller, and darker; primaries greyish, the band just

beyond the cell grey edged with black, of nearly equal

width, excepting at the first median and lower radial

branches, where it is abruptly constricted; the disc

beyond this band dark ferruginous, with whitish external

margin in the sinuations of the external border; the

black spots bounding the external border internally very

ill-defined; secondaries fuliginous-brown instead of

mahogany-red; the costal area and outer margin

greyish; the fringe blackish brown; body fuliginous-

brown; under surface fuliginous-brown; the discoidal

area of the primaries and an abbreviated streak beyond

* As, for instance, J. linda.

+ Compare P. poesia and P. proerna from Bogota.

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. i

the cell of the secondaries dusky; expanse of wings,

2 inches 9 lines.

Male. Tokei (fenton).

It appears to me that the genus Gona might be advan-

tageously united to Eutricha; a comparison of CE. segre-

gata with the male of Eutricha pini will at once show their

uniformity of character; the type of Qona (Ci. punctata)

is the female of ‘‘ Odonestis” sodalis, and identical with

O. abstersa.

30. Hutricha zonata, n. 8.

Allied to the preceding and to (. segregata; deep

chocolate-red; primaries with a silvery white disco-

cellular lunule; a broad piceous oblique central belt,

pounded internally by a white bisinuated stripe, and

externally by a dentate-sinuate white line, very sharply

defined; a broad dark purplish brown external border,

deeply bisinuated internally, and partly edged with

whitish as usual; disc between the central belt and the

outer border ferruginous; wings below with the basal

three-fifths dark chocolate-brown, bounded externally by

an abbreviated whitish streak, beyond which they are

paler brown; expanse of wings, 2 inches 10 lines.

Male. Tokei (Fenton).

31. Hutricha fenton, n.s.

Pale rosy ferruginous; primaries with the base, a

bisinuated stripe immediately beyond the cell, a second

dentate-sinuate stripe half way between the latter and

the outer border, and the inner edge of the outer border

dark ferruginous; outer border broad, and slightly

darker ferruginous than the ground colour; an oblique

lunate white disco-cellular spot upon a dark abbreviated

streak; an interrupted diffused whitish stripe bounding

the outer border internally ; costal border of secondaries

and body pale; antenne with greyish brown pectina-

tions; under surface pale sandy reddish ; wings crossed

by a darker reddish streak just beyond the middle; an

~ ill-defined discal series of darker spots; primaries with

the basi-internal area creamy whitish and sericeous ;

expanse of wings, 3 inches 2 lines.

Male. Tokei (Fenton).

Nearest to EH. superans, male (Odonestis superans,

Butl.), but evidently quite distinct.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT I. (APRIL.) D

18 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

I find great confusion existing in the genus Odonestis,

and without doubt several of the species referred to it

will have to be placed in Hutricha.

32. Pecilocampa subpurpurea, n. 8.

?. Primaries above purplish piceous; a faint indica-

tion of an irregular ochraceous stripe across the basal

third, and of a second undulated and slightly elbowed

stripe just before the external third; a whitish oblique

subapical costal litura; secondaries laky brown; body

testaceous; under surface uniform sericeous-greyish

chocolate-colour ; expanse of wings, 2 inches 11 lines.

Female. ‘Tokei (Fenton).

The wings of this extraordinary species are semi-

transparent; only one slightly damaged example was

obtained.

NYCTEOLIDA.

33. Harias roseifera, 0. 8.

Primaries above apple-green, with a large central

circular rose-coloured patch, enclosing two or three grey

scales at the end of the cell; outer margin dark brown ;

frmge purplish grey; secondaries silvery grey, with

white fringe; head and thorax apple-green; abdomen

leaden grey; under surface leaden grey; primaries dark,

with the apex and outer half of costal margin pale

green; secondaries with the apex and costal margin

slightly greenish ; expanse of wings, 10 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

CHIONOMERA, N. g.

Allied to Tyana, but the outer and inner margins of

the primaries more convex; the subcostal furca longer,

the palpi more uniform in thickness, with longer ter-

minal joint; the wings more glossy, of a silvery white

colour, banded with orange. Type, C. superba, Moore.

384. Chionomera argentea, 0.8.

Silvery white; primaries with an orange spot at the

base of the costa; a transverse orange band at

basal third emitting a short fork inwards upon the

costal border, and edged externally with black; an

oblique black-edged discal band from costa to external

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. by,

angle, emitting a short angulated fork outwards towards

the costa; outer border nearly to external angle orange,

edged internally with black; fringe pale yellow; antennez

legs and venter sordid white; under surface white,

primaries slightly tinted with pale sulphur-yellow towards

the outer margin; expanse of wings, 1 inch.

Yokohama (Pryer); Tokei (Fenton); Fusiyama

(Maries).

Nearly allied to C. superba.

NOTODONTIDA.

35. Triena anedina, n. 8.

gf. Allied to 7. cuspis, but much larger than even T’.

major; in pattern it only differs from J’. cuspis in the

more slender sagittate and ramose longitudinal streaks

in the interno-median area of primaries; in coloration

it corresponds with the darkest varieties of T’. cuspis,

excepting that the primaries are greyer; expanse of

wings, 2 inches 8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Our largest female example of 7’. cuspis only measures

2 inches 1 line in expanse, and our smallest male 1 inch

7 limes.

36. Destolmia insignis, n. 8.

Greyish brown, the primaries with a barely distin-

guishable greenish tinge; an ill-defined angulated black

line just beyond the basal third; a second arched dentate-

sinuate slender black line, bordered externally with

white, at external third; a slightly curved stripe upon a

dark brown diffused background, running from the base

through the interno-median interspace, and curving

upwards at its extremity into the first median inter-

space ; a second, but abbreviated, black stripe (upon a

diffused marginal cuneiform brown patch) running from

the discal line almost to the outer margin within the

lower radial interspace ; a small slender black dash near

the costa; veins black, varied with white; secondaries

with the disco-cellulars and external area slightly dusky ;

body slightly dusky, a black line across the front of the

collar, and a black band crossing the tegule and thorax

just behind the collar; under surface sordid sandy

whitish ; the wings crossed by an abbreviated greyish

20 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

streak beyond the discoidal cells; primaries with

shining internal area; secondaries with dusky disco-

cellulars ; head and pectus greyish; expanse of wings,

2 inches 3 lines.

One example. Tokei (Fenton).

FENTONIA, 0. g.

Allied to Thiacidas, but differing in its much more

elongated primaries and abdomen, in which respects it

approaches Cucullia and allies. Type, F’. levis.

37. Fentonia levis, n. s.

Primaries grey, with slight cupreous reflections,

crossed at basal third by a blackish-edged zigzag white

line; a second similar discal line, widely arched between

the first median branch and the costal margin ; between

the last-mentioned line and the cell is a second slightly

less arched blackish brown line; a black longitudinal

line on a diffused cupreous-brown streak runs from the

base to the white discal line through the interno-median

interspace; external border paler than the ground

colour, with a sinuated and dentated whitish inner edge ;

outer margin black, frmge white; secondaries whitish,

with brownish abdominal area crossed by a sordid white

curved discal stripe; outer border brownish, darkest at

anal angle; a slender whitish submarginal line, pure

white at anal angle, and a slender black marginal line ;

fringe white; thorax sericeous-grey, antenne and

abdomen brownish ; primaries below pale greyish brown,

crossed by a slightly sinuous white discal stripe ; internal

area sericeous; secondaries white, with cupreous re-

flections ; faint traces of a discal line and a spot at anal

angle brown; fringe spotted with brown towards the

anal angle; body below white, tarsi banded with brown;

expanse of wings, 1 inch 9 lines.

Yokohama. (7. Pryer).

88. Drymonia permagna, 0. s.

Primaries above slaty grey, semitransparent; the

base, inner margin, and a zigzag band across the dise

irrorated with minute yellow scales, which give them a

sap-green appearance; two yellow dots on the inner

margin indicating the extremities of the two ordinary

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 21

stripes, which are slightly darker than the ground colour,

but not sharply defined ; two yellow spots on the greenish

discal band, one just below the first median branch, the

second larger and close to the costa; disco-cellulars

black, surrounded by a patch of brown irrorated with

yellow scales ; a white costal dot beyond the cell, and a

second larger spot at external angle; fringe dark brown,

spotted with yellow; secondaries greyish brown, whitish

in the centre, and crossed by a slightly curved white

discal stripe, which terminates at anal angle in a large

sulphur-yellow spot, bounded on both sides by blackish ;

on the external boundary, which forms part of the outer

border, there isa group of small pale blue scales; thorax

dark grey, blackish in front, and sprinkled with yellow

hairs, metathorax densely clothed with coarse yellow

hair; abdomen reddish brown, dark grey at base,

and greyish along the dorsal ridge; antenne black ;

primaries below fuliginous-brown, with grey costal and

external borders; a yellow subapical spot; fringe as

above; secondaries pale grey, crossed by two parallel

dusky stripes, and with a dusky external border; a

creamy whitish anal dash; fringe black, spotted with

yellow; body below dark grey, venter slightly brownish ;

expanse of wings, 2 inches 10 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

39. Calpe lata, n. s.

3. Very like C. excavata, but larger, broader, the

external angle ending in an acute denticle ; the coloration

paler, the primaries being lilac and bronzy ochreous,

transversely reticulated with minute golden yellowish

lines and with olive-brown markings as in C. sodalis, the

oblique discal line being bordered externally with red as

in that species; secondaries pale sordid buff, crossed

beyond the middle by a dusky diffused stripe and with a

broad dusky discal belt ; body corresponding in colour

with the wings; under surface creamy buff, the primaries

redder than the secondaries, and crossed beyond the

middle by a very broad arched brown belt, which does

not reach the margins ; secondaries with a discal streak

formed of elongated brownish spots; palpi and coxe,

femora and tibie of anterior and middle pairs of legs

reddish orange, tarsi of the same legs brown; expanse

of wings, 2 inches 2 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

22 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

DREPANULID.

40. Argyris plagiata, n. s.

Apparently nearest to A. ocellata; sericeous-white,

primaries with an extremely large golden bronze-coloured

patch, with slaty grey centre bounded externally by four

oval black spots, and partly crossed also by a curved

white line on the disco-cellulars; a smaller spot of

eolden-bronze enclosing grey and white dots on internal

area; an arched discal series of dome-shaped grey spots

followed by submarginal and marginal series of elon-

gated spots of the same colour; secondaries almost

crossed in the centre by two large confluent golden-

bronze- patches enclosing large spots of grey, bordered

with plumbageous and black; an ill-defined arched

bronzy discal stripe followed by two series of grey spots,

the inner series of rather large diamond-shaped spots,

the outer of narrow subconfluent dashes, almost forming

a submarginal line; head black in front; under surface

entirely sericeous-white ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 10

lines.

One rather damaged specimen. Tokei (Fenton).

ZENZERIDA.

41. Zenzera leuconotum, n. s.

?. Closely allied to Z. esculi of Europe, but decidedly

larger, and with unspotted snow-white prothorax; ex-

panse of wing, 3 inches 1 line.

Tokei (Fenton).

PSYCHIDA.

42. Humeta minuscula, n. s.

3. Sericeous fuliginous-brown, the wings with a faint

rosy reflection; veins of primaries, especially the main

stem of the submedian, broadly blackish; body darker

than the wings; under surface nearly as above, but the

veins more slenderly blackish; expanse of wings, 11

lines.

Yokohama (77. Pryer).

PLATEUMETA, 0. g.

Wings short and broad (somewhat like Psyche gra-

minella, but of a thicker texture) ; thorax very broad and

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 23

robust, abdomen extending for two-fifths of its length

beyond the secondaries; antenne short and broadly

pectinated ; costal vein of primaries extending to beyond

the middle of the margin; subcostal four-branched, the

first two branches emitted before the end of the cell,

the third and fourth from one point at the superior angle

of the cell; two radials emitted from the upper disco-

cellular, which is oblique, lower disco-cellular angulated,

and emitting a short recurrent vein into the cell; median

vein four-branched, the third branch being forked at

about one-third of its length from the cell; submedian

widely looped at its commencement, but terminating in

a simple vein, secondaries with the costal vein normal,

the subcostal arched, emitting one branch almost parallel

to the radial vein; disco-cellular veinlet rectangular,

emitting rather a long recurrent vein into the cell;

median vein four-branched, the third and fourth branches

emitted from one point at the inferior angle of the cell;

submedian and internal veins normal. Type, P. aurea.

43. Plateumeta aurea, n. 8.’

3. Body dark fuliginous-brown; wings shining golden

copper-brown, changing to fuliginous in the shade; more

intensely golden below than above; the costal border of

secondaries above and the internal border of primaries

below sericeous-greyish ; expanse of wings, 1 inch

1 line.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

( 25 )

Il. Notes on Odonata, of the subfamilies Corduliina,

Calopterygina, and Agrionina (Légion Pseudostigma),

collected by Mr. Bucktry, im the district of the Tio

Bobonaza, in Ecuador. By R. M‘Uacutay, F'.B.S., &e.

[Read February 2nd, 1881.]

In 1878 this Society did me the honour to publish

(Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, pp. 85—94) a short

paper on Odonata, of the subfamily Calopterygina,

collected by Mr. Clarence Buckley, chiefly at Intaj (or

Intac) in Northern Ecuador. Upon his return to

England last year, I obtained from him a considerable

collection of Odonata, many of them most interesting

and certainly new. These came from the district of the

Rio Bobonaza, a tributary of the Rio Pastaza, and

situated in the forest region east of the Andes. The

effect of differing local conditions is most markedly

shown in this latter collection, for in the Calopterygina

(and also in other subfamilies) scarcely any of the

species forwarded in the former small collection are

represented in the present larger one.

It is at present not possible for me to give an analysis

of the whole of the collection, and I have restricted the

subject of this paper to the groups mentioned in the

heading.

It will be noticed that a not inconsiderable number

(considering the amount of materials) of new forms are

described, and some of them are of great beauty. With

regard to some of the Calopterygina a well-known, and

ever-increasing, difficulty asserts itself, viz., that of

deciding what should constitute a species, and what a

‘‘race”’ or variety. The insects of this subfamily prove

themselves especially plastic, so far as local modifications

are concerned, and it is highly probable that each

elevated valley of the mountainous regions of tropical

America may possess its own peculiar form of one root-

species, if I may be allowed the term, just as has been

already noticed in butterflies, although the aquatic

_ habits of dragonflies in their preparatory stages do not

so greatly isolate them. The beautiful genus Thore, is

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT I. (APRIL.) E

26 Mr. M‘Lachlan’s Notes on

strongly illustrative of this tendency to run into local

forms, and in it (as in many other Calopterygina) the

radical test of different structure in the anal parts can

hardly be applied, so we are left with colour and

markings as the chief guides. Another frequent difficulty

is that of pairing the sexes, and one that is likely to

remain, unless local observers make records on the

spot.

CORDULIINA.

Gomphomacromia Batest, Selys.

I have five males and one female before me. It is

only in the very adult males that the wings are slightly

tinged.

The following are the indications of the hitherto

undescribed female:—Length of abdomen, 35 mm.;

length of posterior wing, 35} mm.; expanse, 74 mm.

Abdomen cylindrical, slightly swollen at the base, not

dilated at the apex; the ventral margins of segments

6—8 narrowly yellow; 10th segment very short. Ap-

pendages conical, pointed, nearly as long as the 9th

segment. Vulvar scale shorter than the 9th segment,

broad, divided to the base in its middle by a narrow

triangular excision.

G. Batesi was originally discovered by Mr. Bates at

St. Paulo, on the Upper Amazons.

N.B.—The four described species of Gomphomacromia

form a somewhat heterogeneous assemblage, as consti-

tuting a single genus or subgenus.

CALOPTERYGINA.

Lais Devillei, Selys.

Of this species (described in Compt. Rend. Soe.

Ent. Belg., xxiii., p. 1, 1880) there are four males

in the collection. It is probable that three females

also belong here, but the difficulty in pairing the sexes

in Lais is not easy when more than one species is

known from the same locality. It was originally

described from Baisa (Ecuador); I have it also from

the Rio Napo (not ‘‘ Pérou oriental?” as indicated by

de Selys).

Odonata from Ecuador. 27

Lais metallica, Selys.

Four males and one female apparently pertain to this

species. They are larger (length of abdomen, male,

41—43 mm.; length of posterior wing, male, 29—30

mm.) than the typical example; the number of ante-

cubital nervules varies from twenty-three to twenty-

eight.

These examples are very adult; there are no humeral

lines on the thorax, and only two narrow and almost

obliterated lateral lines (compare the original description

in the ‘Secondes Additions aux Calopt.,’ p. 11, 1869).

The posterior wings have a distinct fuscous apical spot,

but not so distinctly forming a ‘‘ gouttelette’ as in

Devillei, Hauxwelli, &e. The superior appendages are

similar to those of the typical examples; the inferior

appendages are short, thick, and cylindrical, directed

inward, very obtuse, the apex with a tuft of curled hairs.

It should be noted that the origimal male types were

probably immature, and the locality (given as Bahia or

Guiana ?) somewhat uncertain.

I submitted a male to M. de Selys, who thinks my

identification probably correct; but he remarks that,

according to these examples, metallica should be placed

in the same section with Devillei, Hauxwell, &c.

(cf. Compt.-Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxiii., p. l1.).

Heterina caja, Drury.

Three adult males. They have the red portion at the

base of the wings more extended, and the red spot at the

apex of the posterior wings larger, than in an example

from Venezuela given to me by de Selys.

With these males were four adult females, which, as

no other male Heterina was in the collection, I refer

here (notwithstanding that M. de Selys inclines to

consider them sanguinea). These have the wings

strongly and uniformly tinged with yellowish, and the

neuration is wholly brownish (with a reddish tinge),

excepting the costa.

Thore derwata, n. s.

g. Adult. The black terminal portion of the wings

commences at about the last fifth of the distance between

the nodus and the pterostigma (thus occupying less than

28 Mr. M‘Lachlan’s Notes on

one-fifth of the entire wing); it is preceded by a milky

band, as is usual.

9. Adult. The black band commences as in the

male, and occupies the entire apex of the wings,

excepting a terminal vestige (1} mm. long), which is

paler (in very adult examples this vestige probably

disappears, leaving the wings coloured as in the male).

Size variable. Length of abdomen, male, 41—50

mm.; female, 35 mm. Length of posterior wing, male,

84—42 mm.; female, 37 mm. I have six males and two

females before me.

Allied to picta, but in the latter the black terminal

portion of the wings in the male commences about the

last third of the distance between the nodus and the

pterostigma (thus occupyiug more than one-fourth of the

entire wing); and in the female there is a black band,

commencing as in the black apex of the male, but ter-

minating at the origin of the pterostigma, thus leaving

a large apical hyaline space.

T’. derivata roight be considered a race of picta, Rbr.

(Saundersti, Selys), but the much less extension of the dark

apex of the wings in the male, and the great difference

in the female, appear to entitle it to specific rank.

Thore equatorialis, Selys ?

Two immature females resemble those noticed by me

in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 90, but the opaque

band is very visible on both pairs of wings.

It should be remembered that in the typical examples

of equatorialis, which is very adult, the opaque band is

scarcely evident; then, supposing all these examples to

pertain to the same species, the band becomes less

distinct, according to the time the insect has been

flying, which is rather opposed to what we find in other

instances.

Also it should be remarked that no male insect is

known which can be paired with these females.

Thore concinna, i. s.

Bronzy black; head, thorax, and base of abdomen

marked with the spots and lines usual in the genus, and

reddish orange in colour. Pterostigma dark brown in

black veins, somewhat dilated, 4—4$ mm. long, sur-

mounting 10—17 cellules ; 41—58 ante-cubital nervules,

and 58—68 post-cubital in the anterior wings.

Odonata from Ecuador. 29

3. Adult. Both pairs of wing totally brilliant shining

reddish cupreous (very slightly paler at the extreme

base), iridescent, transparent, and without markings of

any kind; neuration reddish, the costal vein blackish

up to the nodus. Legs dark piceous; the femora brown

internally. Appendages as is usual in the genus; the

apical portion slender.

3. Immature. Paler. The cupreous tint of the

wings is wanting, and they are almost golden. Ptero-

stigma pale greyish brown in yellowish veins. Neura-

tion yellowish ; the costal vein blackish.

?. Adult. The wings tinged as in the male, but the

colour is less brilliant. Slghtly beyond the nodus is a

transverse, somewhat narrow, opaque band (scarcely

reaching the inner margin), brownish ochreous in

colour, somewhat cuneiform, nearly straight (but ob-

lique) in the anterior wings, slightly curved in the pos-

terior.

Length of abdomen, male, 34—44 mm.; female,

29—31 mm. Length of posterior wing, male, 30—40

mm.; female, 29—30 mm. LExpanse, male, 65—86

mm.; female, 63—66 mm.

Fifteen males and four females.

This beautiful species is certainly the most remark-

able of the genus, in consequence of the brilliant cupreous

tinge of the wings, which in the male have no markings

of any kind, the opaque band appearing only in the

female.

N.B.—There is a single very immature female in the

collection that I refer to concinna with doubt. The

wings are pale shining fuliginous, and the opaque band

is pure white and less cuneiform; the pterostigma

cinereous.

Thore mutata, n. 8.

Very closely allied to 7’. Aurora, Selys (of the Rio

Napo); differs as follows :—

The pterostigma is slightly longer and narrower (less

dilated). The thoracic lines narrower and less bright.

g. Adult. The band on the fore wings never acquires

the reddish orange tint of the adult of 7’. Aurora, but

remains milky opaque white, as in the immature condi-

tion of that species; moreover, the band is never suc-

ceeded by a dark coloration of the membrane (the most

80 Mr. M‘Lachlan’s Notes on

that can be said is that the membrane generally has the

slightest fuliginous tinge), which is indicated even in

immature examples of 7’. Aurora; in effect, both pairs

of wings in mutata are as in the posterior pair of beata.

3. Immature. Pterostigma very pale brown (instead

of deep black); the membrane of the wings limpid, the

opaque white band less distinct.

?. Adult. The wings shghtly tinged; opaque bands

as in the adult female of 7. Aurora, but in the anterior

wings the colour is yellowish ochreous, and in the pos-

terior brownish ochreous both above and beneath; the

opaque bands neither preceded nor succeeded by dark

bands.

Length of abdomen, male, 31—35 mm.; female, 29

mm. Length of posterior wing, male, 28—30 mm.;

female, 29 mm. Expanse, male, 55—60 mm.; female,

60 mm.

I have received eight males and one female. This

and J'. Aurora can only be considered representative

species, one of the other. That most of the males of

T’. mutata are perfectly adult is proved by the deep

black pterostigma, and a very adult female is still less

like the parallel condition in 7’. Aurora.

T. Batesi, Aurora, mutata, and beata form a group of

comparatively small-sized species, in which the ptero-

stigma is notably shorter im proportion than in the

others of the genus.

Cora jocosa, n. 8.

Belonging to Group 1 of de Selys (Troisiemes Addi-

tions, Calopt., p. 88), in which the nodus is placed

midway between the base and apex of the wings. Ptero-

stigma black, not dilated, surmounting 6 cellules, 23 mm.

long. 26 ante-cubital nervures, and 19 post-cubital, in

the anterior wings. No sector interposed between the

1st and 2nd sectors of the triangle; the 2nd _ sector

regularly and longly bifurcate.

g. Adult. Wings very slightly tinged with oliva-

ceous, more especially on the anterior margin.

Labrum and rhinarium yellowish, as are also the

frontal eye-margins, face otherwise black. Top of the

head black, with four round orange-coloured (or the pos-

terior pair probably bluish in life) spots placed in a

quadrangle. Prothorax pale blue. Thorax with a

Odonata from Ecuador. 31

dorsal median black line dilated at each end, and

enclosing posteriorly two pale spots; an ante-humeral

black line indicated by a large elongate oval spot; the

humeral line rather broad posteriorly, but becoming very

slender; the sides with three black lines, of which the

first two become confluent towards the legs; inter-alar

portion black, spotted with pale blue. Abdomen black ;

the upper side of the first six segments pale blue, with

black sutures, and on the 2nd to 6th there is a triangular

black expansion near the posterior end of each. Legs

black; the femora brownish internally at their base.

?. Unknown.

Length of abdomen, 32 mm. Length of posterior

wing, 26mm. Expanse, 57 mm.

The neuration is more simple than in any other

known species of the genus.

N.B.—A species from Brazil, C. brasiliensis, Hagen,

has never been described.

AGRIONINA.

Légion Pseudostigma.

The following species of this Légion were found by

Mr. Buckley :—

Anomisma abnorme, M‘Lach.

A. abnorme, M‘Lach., Ent. Month. Mag., vol. xiv.,

p- 87, male; Microstigma terminatum, Id., l.c.,

female.

As already noticed, the type specimen from which I

described M. terminatum is much mutilated, and the

base of the wings wanting; from this cause I did not

recognise it as the female of A. abnorme, which it

certainly is.

I have now fifteen individuals of both sexes before me.

In fully adult examples the dark band preceding the

opaque yellow apex of the anterior wings is somewhat

broader than in the less adult typical male specimen, and

it is darker. In immature examples of both sexes this

dark band is scarcely indicated. In the female the small

white spot at the apex of the posterior wings is liable to

become obsolete in fully adult examples.

The normal number of nervules in the quadrilateral is

two in both pairs of wings; there are never less than

two, and very rarely three.

32 Mr. M‘Lachlan’s Notes on

In both sexes the apical portion of the abdomen is

wholly bronzy black. In the male the 10th segment

above has a deep triangular excision; superior append-

ages rather shorter than the 10th segment, black,

flattened, and triangular, broad at the base, but the

apex produced into a slender acute point; inferior ap-

pendages scarcely longer, stout, curved upward and

inward, yellowish externally, the apex subacute. In the

female the margin of the 10th segment is excised as in

the male; the appendages are slightly shorter than the

seement, black, conical, and subacute.

The size varies as follows:—Length of abdomen,

male, 56—61 mm.; female, 61—63 mm. Length of pos-

terior wing, male, 44—52 mm.; female, 45—52 mm.

Expanse, male, 86—111 mm.; female, 97—109 mm.

The locality for the original examples, both male and

female, should be Rio Napo, Ecuador (not ‘‘ East Peru”

as stated).

Anomisma should probably head the Légion Pseudo-

stigma.

Microstigma rotundatum, Selys, race exustwm, Selys.

Very common; varying much in size.

Mecistogaster Jocaste, Hagen, race sincerus, M‘Lach.

One female (Cf. Ent. Month. Mag., vol. xiv., p. 88).

The female previously alluded to as from ‘‘ East Peru (?)”

is really from the Rio Napo. Ihave not yet seen the

male, which would probably decide the question as to

whether sincerus should be considered a ‘‘race”’ of Jocaste

or a distinct species. It should be noticed that in sin-

cerus the humeral line is double, the two lines having

their origin in an opposed sense (a vestige of the upper

line is to be seen in Jocaste). In the examples from

Pebas and the Rio Napo both lines are nearly complete;

in that from the Rio Bobonaza the upper line is scarcely

more than one-third the length of the lower (the latter

being complete). '

Mecistogaster Buckleyi, n. s.

Wings hyaline; reticulation of both pairs scarcely

complicated at the extremity. Pterostigma of the an-

terior consisting of 5—7 cellules in the costal area only.

Posterior without pterostigma.

Odonata from Ecuador. 33

3. Adult (or semi-adult?). Wings having the slightest

possible tinge of brownish; the inner margin com-

mencing beyond the level of the arculus. Anterior

without any opaque apical space; the pterostigma dark

brown (but the margins of the nervules narrowly hyaline).

Posterior with a small (4 mm. broad) milky-white (or

yellowish) opaque apical space, in which the costal

margin is slightly dilated.

Neuration of both pairs black; whitish in the apical

space of the posterior. Head black above (in one

example the epistoma and the front of the head are

wholly greenish, and the labrum yellowish; in the other

the epistoma is black, and the labrum very dark oliva-

ceous, with a narrow yellow anterior margin). Pro-

thorax black, with a very narrow pale yellow margin,

and a greenish yellow lateral spot on either side.

Thorax black; a narrow yellow dorsal line; two greenish

yellow humeral lines having their origin in an opposed

sense, the upper very short, and scarcely overlapping

the lower; sides and beneath yellow; a black lateral

line not extending to the posterior legs; no pectoral line,

but only two small black spots, one anteriorly, the other

posteriorly. Abdomen bronzy black, with a narrow

yellow lateral line extending the whole length (or to the

6th segment only); 8th, 9th, and 10th segments bluish

(wholly or in part) above, the 8th scarcely longer than

the 9th. Appendages black, as long as the 10th seg-

ment, stout, curved regularly inward at the tips. Legs

yellow; a line on the femora externally and on the

tibie internally, and the tibie totally, black.

?. Unknown.

Length of abdomen, male, 58—65 mm. Length of

posterior wing, 44—48 mm. L[xpanse, 91—98 mm.

This species is perhaps most nearly allied to M.

astictus (of which I described the male in the Ent. Month.

Mag., vol. xiv., p. 88). It differs especially in only the

posterior wings having an opaque apical space, and in

the presence of a pterostigma in the anterior (in astictus

the male has no opaque apical space in either pair, and

the pterostigma is scarcely indicated; the female has

the apex of both pairs milky, and no pterostigma) ; also

in the absence of a pectoral black line; in the shortness

of the 8th segment of the abdomen, &c. Differs from

Jocaste, and its race (?) sincerus, in there being no dark

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART I. (APRIL.) F

84 Mr. M‘Lachlan’s Notes on Odonata.

band preceding the opaque apical space in the posterior

wings. I have seen two males.

Mecistogaster linearis, Fab.

Many examples of both sexes, presenting remarkable

variations in pterostigmatical conditions.

Mecistogaster Marchali, Rambur.

Several examples.

(ee)

III. A List of the Hymenoptera of New Zealand By

W. F. Kirey, Assistant in the Zoological Depart-

ment, British Museum.

[Read February 2nd, 1881.]

A snort time ago Mr. H. W. Marsden, of Gloucester,

placed in my hands for examination a small collection

of Hymenoptera, formed by Mr. W. J. Skelton, of Blen-

heim, New Zealand, and this has led to my compiling

the present list.

The only lists of New Zealand Hymenoptera, which

have hitherto appeared, are those published in 1846 in

Dieffenbach’s work; and in 1874, by Professor Hutton,

in the ‘Transactions of the New Zealand Institute,’

vol. vi. In the former work only six species are men-

tioned; in the latter only twenty-three. The late Mr.

F. Smith, who has described nearly all the Hymenoptera

known from New Zealand at present, alludes to sixty-

eight species as known to him at the end of 1877, when

he read his last paper on the subject (Trans. Ent. Soc.,

1878, pp.1—7). He does not, however, enumerate them ;

and I therefore thought it would be useful to publish as

complete a list as I could prepare. It brings up the

total number to eighty-one species (including the very

doubtful Ophion luteus), an absurdly small total when

we consider that we have from 8000 to 4000 species of

Hymenoptera in Britain alone; the Hymenoptera being

probably the most extensive of all the orders of insects,

except, perhaps, the Diptera. As I can only regard this

list as indicating the present extent of our ignorance of

New Zealand Hymenoptera, I avoid entering into any

generalisations whatever, and have confined myself to

describing five conspicuous forms as new, and have

refrained from describing any obscure species. I have

added the descriptions of the few species described from

New Zealand by Fabricius and Walker, as their works are

not so generally accessible as those of other writers on

New Zealand Hymenoptera.

The following is a brief abstract of the species noticed

in this list :—

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PaRT I. (APRIL.)

36 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s List of the

ANDRENID | Species CRYPTIDES Species

Leioproctus 1 Cryptus 1

Lamprocolletes . 2 Mesostenus 1

Dasycolletes 4 OPHIONIDES

Prosopis 5 Ophion . 6

Halictus 2 Paniscus 1

PoMPILip= Scolobates 2

Priocnemis 8 TRYPHONIDES

Larrip& Mesoleptus 1

Tachytes . 3 Tryphon 1

Pison 2 PIMPLIDES

NYSSONIDAE Rhyssa 1

Gorytes 1 Lissonota . 2

CRABRONIDE BRACONIDE

Rhopalum 3 Rhogas ip

THYNNIDE EVANIIDE

Rhagigaster 1 Fcenus 2

ForMIcID® CHALCIDIDE

Formica 2 Eupelmus 1

PONERID Pteromalus 2

Ponera 1 PROCTOTRUPIDE

Amblyopone 1 Proctotrupes 1

Myrmicip DIAPRIIDA

Orectognathus . 2 Spilomicrus 1

ATTID Diapria 1

Aphenogaster . 1 XIPHYDRIIDE

Tetramorium 2 Brachixiphus 1

Monomorium 1 TENTHREDINIDE:

ICHNEUMONIDE : SELANDRINE

IcHNEUMONIDES Monostegia 1

Ichneumon 12 _—

ACULEATA.

ANTHOPHILA.

ANDRENIDA.

1. Leioproctus imitatus.

Leioproctus imitatus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B. M., i.,

p- 9 (1858).

New Zealand (Churton) ; Australia.—B. M.

2. Lamprocolletes fulvescens.

Lamprocolletes fulvescens, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soe.,

1876, p. 486.

Canterbury (Wakefield).—B. M.

3. Lamprocolletes obscurus.

Lamprocolletes obscurus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.

B. M.,.1., p. 11 (1858).

“ en Zealand (Hutton’s List); Van Diemen’s Land.—

Hymenoptera of New Zealand. 37

4. Dasycolletes hirtipes.

Dasycolletes hirtipes, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878,

De it

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

5. Dasycolletes vestitus.

Dasycolletes vestitus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p. 485.

Wellington (Wakefield).—B. M.

6. Dasycolletes purpureus.

i aa purpureus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B. M.,

., p- 15 (1858).

New ane (Churton).—B. M.

7. Dasycolletes metallicus.

Dasycolletes metallicus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B. M.,1.,

p- 15 (1853).

Andrena trichopus (White), Voy. Erebus & Terror, Ins.,

pl. vui., fig. 12 (1874).

New Zealand.—B. M.

8. Prosopis agilis.

Prosopis agilis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876, p. 484.

Canterbury (Wakefield).—B. M.

9. Prosopis relegatus.

Prosopis relegatus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876, p. 485.

Canterbury (Wakefield).—B. M.

10. Prosopis capitosus.

Prosopis capitosus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p. 485.

Canterbury (Wakefield). B. M.

11. Prosopis levigata.

Prosopis levigata, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B. M., 1

p. 420 (1854).

Auckland (Bolton).—B. M.

38 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s List of the

12. Prosopis vicina.

Prosopis vicina, Sichel, Reise d. Novara, Hym., p. 148

~ (1867).

Auckland (Voy. Novara); Tasmania (Sichel).

Several species nearly allied to this have been

described from Australia by Smith; no other New

Zealand species has a yellow scutellum and _post-

scutellum.

13. Halictus sordidus.

Halictus sordidus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B. M., 1., p.56

(1853).

Auckland (Bolton).—B. M.

14. Halictus familiaris.

Halictus familiaris, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 486.

Canterbury (Wakefield).—B. M.

FOSSORES.

POMPILIDA.

15. Priocnemis monachus.

Pompilus monachus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B.M., iii.,

p- 164 (1855).

New Zealand (Churton).—B. M.

16. Priocnemis carbonarius.

Pompilus carbonarius, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B.M., iii.,

p. 162 (1855).

Auckland (Bolton).—B. M.

17. Priocnemis nitidiventris.

Priocnemis nitidiventris, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soe.,

1878; p. 6.

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

18. Priocnemis diligens.

Priocnemis diligens, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 483, pl. iv., fig. 3.

Peel Forest (Wakefield).—B. M.

Hymenoptera of New Zealand. 39

19. Priocnenus Wakefieldii, n. s.

Dark shining mahogany ; legs rufous; antenne more

or less blackish, especially towards the extremity; face

within the eyes, metathorax (which is large, raised, and

hexagonal, being truncated before and behind, and angu-

lated outwards at the sides), collar (very narrowly) and

more or less of the sides of the pectus covered with a

bright golden pile ; wings golden yellow, with ferruginous

nervures, and slightly clouded towards the extremities.

The male is smaller, with the golden pile much duller ;

the mesothorax round the scutellum, and the middle of

the pectus are blackish. Exp. al. 9—15 1.; long. corp.

41 —7 1.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

A common species, mistaken by Mr. Smith for P.

fugax, Faby.

20. Priocnemis fugax.

Sphex fugax, Fabr. Syst. Ent., p. 850, n. 27 (1775).

Priocnemis maculipennis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 482.

““§. thorace tomentoso, aureo, abdomine ferrugineo,

alis flavescentibus ; fascia fusca.

~ “Habitat in Nova Zelandia. Mus. Banksianum.

““Medius. Antenne porrecte, nigre. Caput et thorax

tomento aureo tecta. Abdomen obscure ferrugineum,

immaculatum. Ale flavescentes, anticis fascia media

dentata fusca, apice subhyaline. Pedes ferruginei.”’

(Fabr.) Exp. al. 10—14 1.; long. corp. 5—8 1.

New Zealand (type).—B. M.

21. Priocnemis marginatus.

Priocnemis marginatus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p. 483, pl. iv., fig. 2.

South Island, west coast (Wakefield).—B. M.

22. Priocnemis conformis.

Priocnemis conformis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 482.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

40 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s List of the

LARRIDA.

23. Tachytes nigerrumus.

Tachytes nigerrimus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B. M., iv.,

p- 802 (1856).

Astata nigerrima (White), Voy. Erebus & Terror, Ins.,

pl. vii., fig. 14 (1874).

New Zealand (Churton).—B. M.

24. Tachytes sericops.

Tachytes sericops, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B. M., iv.,

p- 802 (1856).

New Zealand.—B. M.

25. Tachytes depressus.

Tachytes depressus, Saussure, Reise d. Novara, Hym.,

p- 69 (1867).

New Zealand (Saussure).

26. Pison morosus.

Pison morosus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B. M., iv.,

p- 817 (1856).

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

27. Pison tuberculatus.

Pison tuberculatus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1869, p.296.

Auckland (Bolton).—B. M,

NYSSONIDA.

28. Gorytes carbonarius.

Gorytes carbonarius, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B.M., iv.,

p- 3866 (1856).

New Zealand (Churton).—B. M.

CRABRONIDA.

29. Rhopalum carbonariun.

Crabro carbonarius, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B. M., iv.,

p. 424 (1856).

Rhopalum carbonaria, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

pl. iv., fig. 7.

New Zealand (Churton).—B. M.

Hymenoptera of New Zealand. 41

30. Rhopalum perforator.

Rhopalum perforator, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 483.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

31. Rhopalum albipes.

Rhopalum albipes, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878, p. 7.

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

THYNNIDA.

32. Rhagigaster novare.

Rhagigaster novare, Saussure, Reise d. Novara, Hym.,

p- 112 (1867).

New Zealand (Saussure).

HETEROGYNA.

FORMICIDA.

33. Formica advena.

Formica advena, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soe. (8), 1., p. 58

(1862).

Port Littleton (Smith).

34. Formica zealandica.

Formica zealandica, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878, p. 6.

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

PONERIDA.

35. Ponera castanea.

Ponera castanea, Mayr, Reise d. Novara, Form., p. 69

(1865), Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876, p. 489.

(Auckland (Mayr)| Tairua, near Mercury Bay, N. Island

(Brown).—B. M.

36. Amblyopone cephalotes.

Amblyopone cephalotes, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 490.

Auckland (Lawson).—B. M.

MYRMICIDA.

37. Orectognathus antennatus.

Orectognathus antennatus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. (2),

ii., p. 228, pl. xxi., fig. 9 (1854).

New Zealand.—B. M.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PART I. (APRIL.) G

42 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s Last of the

38. Orectognathus perplexus.

Orectognathus perplexus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 491.

Tairua (Brown).—B. M.

ATTIDA.

39. Aphenogaster antarctica.

Atta antarctica, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. B. M., vi.,

p. 167 (1858).

Formica antarctica (White), Voy. Erebus & Terror, Ins.,

pl. vu., fig. 18 (1874).

Auckland (Sinclair).—B. M.

40. Tetramorium nitidum.

Tetramorium ntidum, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p. 480.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

41. Tetramorium striatum.

Tetramorium striatum, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p. 481.

West Coast of South Island (Wakefield).—B. M.

42. Monomoriwm fulvum.

Monomorium fulvum, Mayr, Reise d. Novara, Form.,

p. 98, pl. i., fig. 25 (1865).

Auckland (Mayr).

PUPIVORA.

ICHNEUMONIDA.

ICHNEUMONIDES.

43. Ichneumon decoratorius.

Ichneumon decoratorius, Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 333, n. 32

(1775).

Exp. al. 7 1.; long. corp. 3 1.

“T. scutello flavo, ferrugineus, abdominis ultimo

segmento fascia atra.

‘Habitat in Nova Zelandia. Mus. Banksianum.

““Parvus. Antenne porrecte, nigre. Corpus totum

obscure ferrugineum, scutello flavo. Ale hyaline, sub-

flavescentes.”’

Hymenoptera of New Zealand. 43

New Zealand (type).—B. M.

The type in the Banksian Collection is the only speci-

men in the British Museum cabinets at present.

44, Ichneumon sollicitorvus.

Ichneumon sollicitorius, Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 882, n. 80

(1775).

Hxp.ale-11 1; long. corp. 6 1:

“T. scutello flavo, thorace immaculato, abdominis

segmento primo, secundo, tertioque rufis.

‘“‘ Habitat in Nova Zelandia. Mus. Banksianum.

“Antenne porrecte, nigre. Caput nigrum, fronte

flava. Thorax niger, immaculatus. Abdomen atrum,

primis tribus segmentis rufis. Pedes rufi.”

New Zealand (type).—B. M.

45. Ichneumon lotatorius.

Ichneumon lotatorius, Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 330, n. 18

(1775).

Hxpeal. 11 1; long. corp. 6 1.

“JT. scutello flavicante, thorace maculato, abdominis

segmento secundo rufo. :

‘Habitat in Nova Zelandia. Mus. Bankstanum.

“Antenne convolute, tote nigre. Thorax niger,

puncto flavo sub alis. Scutellum flavum. Abdomen

atrum, nitidum, segmento secundo totorufo. Pedes rufi.”

New Zealand (type).—B. M.

46. Ichneumon deceptus. -

Ichneumon deceptus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p. 477.

New Zealand (Wakejield).—B. M.

47. Ichneumon exhilaratus.

Ichneumon exhilaratus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p. 477.

New Zealand (Wakejield).—B. M.

48. Ichnewmon consanguineus.

Ichneumon consanguineus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc.,

1876, p. 476.

New Zealand (Wakejield).—B. M.

tt Mr. W. F. Kirby’s List of the

49. Ichnewmon insidiator.

Ichneumon insidiator, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p. 476.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

50. Ichneumon placidus.

Ichneumon placidus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 476.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

51. Ichneumon conspiratus.

Ichneumon conspiratus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 475.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

52. Ichneumon huttonii, n. s.

Exp. al. 8 1.; long. corp. 54 1.

?. Dark chesnut, darkest on the head and meso-

thorax, where it shades into deep mahogany. The fol-

lowing markings are pale yellow:—A stripe within each

eye; a large oval spot on the lower part of the cheeks ;

a spot below each antenna; a stripe on each side the

collar; a large spot in the middle of the mesothorax ;

the scutellum and post-scutellum; three large spots on

the pleura ; and one on the upper side of the hind coxe.

Antenne black, from the extremity of the basal joint.

Wings yellowish hyaline, with piceous nervures; stigma

yellow. ‘The male has the large yellow spot on the back

of the thorax replaced by two long spots; the whole face,

the cheeks, the basal joint of the antenne, the four front

coxe and trochanters, and a spot on each side of the

pectus between them, a spot on each side of the neck,

und an additional spot below the front wings, are all

yellow; the rest as in the female, except that the wings

are clearer hyaline.

Dunedin (Hutton).—B. M.

58. Ichnewmon invectus.

Ichneumon invectus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p-. 475.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

Hymenoptera of New Zealand. 45

54. Ichneumon perfidiosus.

Ichnewmon perfidiosus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 475, pl. iv., fig. 5.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

CRYPTIDES.

55. Cryptus penetrator.

Cryptus penetrator, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878, p. 2.

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

56. Mesostenus albopictus.

Mesostenus albopictus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 477, pl. iv., te. 1.

North Island (Hnys).—B. M.

OPHIONIDES.

[57. ? Ophion luteus.

Ichneumon luteus, Linn., Syst. Nat., 1., p. 566, n. 51

(1758); Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 341, n. 75 (1775).

*“New Zealand” (Fabricius).*|

58. Ophion inutilis.

Ophion inutilis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876, p. 478,

Ie. 1878, p. 2.

New Zealand (Wakefield; Hutton).—B. M.

59. Ophion ferrugineus.

Ophion ferrugineus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878, p. 2.

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

60. Ophion peregrinus.

Ophion peregrinus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 478.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

* Fabricius mentions New Zealand among the localities for this

common European species, but he probably mistook one of the

indigenous New Zealand species for it.

46 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s List of the

61. Ophion skeltonii, n. 8.

Exp.,.al. 101.; long. corp. 73 1.

Shining castaneous ; face, clypeus, and vertex as far as

a narrow line behind the eyes yellow; eyes, ocelli, ex-

treme points of the mandibles, and claws black; antenne

wholly castaneous, and a castaneous dot on each side at

the base of the clypeus; the lower parts of the face and

the extreme back of the head are also of the same colour.

Wings iridescent, with piceous nervures, and finely

speckled with brown; stigma large, yellowish; below it

is around darker yellow spot in the upper part of the

interno-cubital cell, where it begins to narrow; and half-

way between this and the extremity of the cell is a curved

yellowish line.

Blenheim (Skelton).—B. M.

62. Ophion insularis, n. 8.

Exp. al. 13 1.; long. corp. 8 1.

Closely allied to O. skeltonti, but less shining; the

head and ocelli are concolorous, except the eyes, which

are liver-coloured, and narrowly edged within and behind

with dull yellow. Wings nearly as in skeltonii, but the

spot below the stigma is larger, more yellow, and fol-

lowed by a small darker spot close to the upper part of

the curved line, which is piceous, like the other nervures.

New Zealand (Sinclair).—B. M.

These two curious species are more nearly related to

an unnamed Oplion from Natal than to any other in the

British Museum collection.

63. Paniscus ephippiatus.

Paniscus ephippiatus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p-. 478, l. ¢. 1878, p. 3.

New Zealand (Wakejield ; Hutton).—B. M.

64. Scolobates intrudens.

Scolobates intrudens, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878,

p. 3.

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

Hymenoptera of New Zealand. 47

65. Scolobates varipes.

Scolobates varipes, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878, p. 3.

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

TRYPHONIDES.

66. Mesoleptus miillert.

Mesoleptus miilleri, Butler, Voy. Erebus & Terror, Ins.,

pp- 27, 46, woodcut (1874).

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

67. Tryphon obstructor.

Tryphon obstructor, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878, p. 4.

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

PIMPLIDES.

68. Rhyssa fractinervis.

Rhyssa fractinervis, Vollenhoven, Tijdschr. Ent. (2), viii.,

p07, plav., fe. lL laa372).

Rhyssa antipodum, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p- 479, pl. iv., fig. 4.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

69. Lissonota flavopicta.

Iissonota flavopicta, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878, p.4.

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

70. Lissonota albopicta.

Iassonota albopicta, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878, p. 4.

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

BRACONID.

71. Rhogas penetrator.

Rhogas penetrator, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878, p. 5.

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

EVANIIDA.

72. Foenus crassipes.

Fenus crassipes, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876, p. 479.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

48 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s List of the

73. Fenus ungucularis.

Fenus unguicularis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p. 480, pl. iv., fig. 8.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

CHALCIDIDA.

EUPELMID.

74. Hupelmus messene.

Eupelmus messene, Walk., Mon. Chale., ii., p. 95 (1889).

?. “Apterus, ferrugineus, sublinearis, fere planus,

nitens, scite punctatus, parce pubescens; thorax longi-

ovatus ; petiolus vix ullus; abdomen sublineare, piceum,

leve, thorace paullo angustius non longius; pedes

eraciles, ferruginei; oviductus exertus; vagine abdomine

breviores. (Corp. long. lin. 1}).”

New Zealand (Darwin).*

PTEROMALIDA.

75. Pteromalus lelex.

Pteromalus lelex, Walk., Mon. Chalc., ii., p. 95 (1839).

*‘Viridis ; oculi et ocelli rufi; antenne nigre; articuli

lus et 2us virides; abdomen cupreo-varium ; pedes lutei;

coxee virides; femora viridia, apice et basi lutea; tarsi

apice fusci; meso- et meta-tibiz fulvo-cincte ; ale lim-

pide; squamule pices; nervi proalis fusci, metalis

fulvi. (Corp. long. lin. 4; alas. lin. 14).

?. Corpus convexum, obscurum, scitissime squa-

meum, parce hirtum; caput transversum, breve, thorace

paullo latius ; antennz subclavate, corporis dimidio non

longiores ; thorax ovatus ; prothorax brevissimus ; meso-

thoracis scutum longitudine multo latius; parapsidum

suture conspicue; scutellum subrotundatum; meta-

thorax transversus, declivis; petiolus brevissimus ; abdo-

men oyatum, nitens, leve, supra planum, subtus cari-

natum, apice attenuatum et acuminatum, thorace paullo

longius vix latius; pedes simplices, subequales; ale

mediocres.”’

New Zealand (Darwin).—B. M.

* Tam not sure if the type exists in the British Museum. I have

not been able to find it, and it is not mentioned in Walker’s List

of Chalcidide in B. M.

Hymenoptera of New Zealand. 49

76. Pteromalus iambe.

Pteromalus iambe, Walk., Mon. Chale., i1., p. 95 (1839).

“9 AMneus, subtus eneo-viridis; oculi et ocelli rufi ;

antenne nigre; articuli lus et 2us virides; abdomen

cupreo-varium ; pedes fulvi; coxe virides; femora viridia,

apice et basi fulva; tarsi apice fusci; meso- et metatibiz

fusce; ale limpide; squamule picee; nervi proalis

fusci, metalis fulvi. (Corp. long. lin. 1; ala. lin. 13).”

New Zealand (Darwin).—B. M.

OXYURA.

PROCTOTRUPIDA.

77. Proctotrupes intrudens.

Proctotrupes intrudens, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soe., 1878,

p- 5.

Otago (Hutton) ; Canterbury (Wakesield).—B. M.

DIAPRIIDA.

78. Spilomicrus quadriceps. _

Spilomicrus quadriceps, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878,

p- 6.

Otago (Hutton).—B. M.

79. Diapria coccophaga.

Diapria coccophaga, Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., xi.,

p- 280, pl. ix., figs. 2-—5 (1880).

New Zealand (Maskell).

Parasitic on Coccide.

THEREBRANTIA.

SIRICIDA.

XIPHYDRIIN A.

80. Brachixiphus deceptus.

Derecyrta deceptus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876,

p. 474, pl. iv., fig. 6.

g. Xiphydria flavopicta, Smith lcs t818, pL.

Otago (Hutton) ; Canterbury (Wakefield). —B. M.

The two radial cells separate this species from

Derecyrta, and the shorter ovipositor removes it from

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—pPaRT I. (APRIL). H

50 Hymenoptera of New Zealand.

Xiphydria. I therefore place it provisionally in Brachi-

xiphus, the type of which is B. grandis, Phil., from Chili.

B. flavipes, Phil., a second Chilian species, is, however,

a true Derecyrta. I may add that D. bicolor, Westw., is

certainly the male of B. grandis.

TENTHREDINIDA.

SELANDRHNA.

81. Monostegia antipoda, n. s.

Exp. al. 5 1.; long. corp. 3 1.

Deep black, legs more or less testaceous ; wings hya-

line, with piceous nervures; an oblique shade below the

7 eee ee

stigma, most distinct towards the inner margin.

New Zealand (Wakefield).—B. M.

Described from two female examples. There is very

little character about this species, the only true sawfly

which has yet been met with in New Zealand; but I hope

to figure it shortly. Mr. Smith mistook this for the

European 7’. adumbrata, Klug; but the latter is a true

Eriocampa according to the neuration. The neuration of

M. antipoda is as follows :—Fore wings with two radial

and four submarginal cells, the two recurrent nervures

received by the second and third respectively; the first

enters the second cell about the middle, and the second

enters the third cell a little before the middle; the dividing

nervule of the radial cells enters the third submarginal

cell before the dividing nervule between the third and

fourth ; lanceolate cell with oblique cross-nervule ; hind

wings with one inner cell.

Grol”)

IV. Descriptions of New Species of Galerucide. By

JoserH S. Bany, F.L.S.

[Read February 2nd, 1881. |

List oF SPECIES.

Oides costata . . . . - Lake Nyassa.

5» antennahs . . . + Queensland.

Blepharida guttulata. Angola.

i ornata . . . Transvaal.

i xanthospilota . China.

~ nigripennis . . Malacca.

Eutheca malayana . . . Macassar.

Notozona Clarkii. . . - Bahia.

Asphera oblecta . - + - Amazons.

RACISM Vela, Venezuela.

Podagrica madagassa Madagascar.

Crepidodera madagassa . - Me

Oides costata. ‘

Anguste ovata, postice vix ampliata, convexa, pallide

rufo-picea, subopaca, antennis basi piceis exceptis, nigris ;

subtus nitida, mesosterno, abdomine, apice excepto, pedi-

busque nigris ; thorace tenuiter punctato, lateribus late

reflexis; elytris crebre rugoso-punctatis, leviter elevato-

costatis. Long. 7 lin.

Hab. Lake Nyassa.

Head shining, nearly impunctate; vertex impressed

sn the middle with a large but shallow fovea; labrum

and palpi nigro-piceous ; antenne robust, more than halt

the length of the body, black, the three lower joints

piceous, stained with black. Thorax twice as broad as

long; the sides broadly reflexed, obtusely rounded, con-

verging and sinuate just behind the apex, the anterior

angles slightly produced, subacute, the hinder ones

obsolete; surface finely punctured, broadly but slightly

excavated on either side behind the middle, just within

the lateral margin, impressed on the hinder disk with a

wedge-shaped fovea. Scutellum trigonate, shining, 1m-

punctate. Hlytra rather broader than the thorax at the

52 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of

base, gradually dilated to the middle, thence converging

and obliquely rounded to the apex; each elytron just

before the latter distinctly sinuate, the apical angle being

acute and slightly excavated; above convex, closely

rugose-punctate; each elytron with a number of distinctly

raised but ill-defined longitudinal cost, those on the

outer side less distinct.

Oides antennalis.

Ovata, convexa, flava, nitida, oculis nigris, tarsis

infuscatis ; antennis filiformibus, ad corpus fere eequl-

longis, articulis 2do ad Tum apice, externis quatuor totis

nigris; thorace tranverso, distincte, minus crebre punc-

tato, lateribus late reflexis; elytris crebre punctatis,

limbo laterali reflexo. Long. 3} lin.

Hab. Australia, Queensland.

Body regularly ovate; head granulose, vertex im-

pressed with a small fovea; face between the eyes trans-

versely excavated ; eyes and jaws black; antenne nearly

equal to the body in length, filiform, the extreme apex

of the basal jot piceous, the apices of the second, third

and fourth, the upper halves of the fifth and sixth, the

upper two-thirds of the seventh and eighth, black; the

rest of the outer joints to the apex entirely so. Thorax

three times as broad as long; sides broadly reflexed,

obliquely rounded and converging from base to apex,

broadly rounded at the base, the hinder angles obsolete ;

disk distinctly punctured, granulose, faintly excavated

on the hinder disk, and again transversely just behind

the apex. LElytra closely punctured, ovate, the outer

limb broadly dilated, reflexed.

Blepharida guttulata.

Anguste oblongo-ovata, convexa, pallide castanea,

nitida ; antennis “flavo- fulvis, thorace fulvo maculato ;

elytris nigro-piceis, limbo externo castaneo; fortiter

puncetato-striatis, interspatiis fulvo maculatis. Long.

4 lin.

Hab. Angola.

Vertex finely rugose-punctate on either side, middle of

front shining, impunctate. Thorax nearly twice as broad

as long; sides straight and parallel from the base to

beyond the middle, thence converging to the apex, the

New Species of Galerucide. 53

anterior angles thickened, slightly excurved; disk re-

motely punctured in the middle, more closely and strongly

punctured on the sides; surface impressed on either side

at the base by a deep fovea, and at the apex on each side,

by a strongly punctured perpendicular groove, which ex-

tends backwards for about one-fourth the length of the

disk; from its apex a similar groove extends directly

outwards to the outer margin, whilst a second curves

obliquely inwards, and terminates a short distance in front

of the basal margin; entire limb of thorax distinctly mar-

gined. EHlytra oblong, convex, strongly and regularly

punctate-striate, the outer interspaces moderately con-

vex; nigro-piceous, the outer limb narrowly edged with

castaneous; each interspace with a number of fulvous

spots, placed at irregular distances on its surface.

Blepharida ornata.

Anguste oblongo-ovata, convexa, pallide fulvo-picea,

nitida, antennis extrorsum oculisque nigris; thorace

transverso, lateribus rotundatis, disco minute punctato,

antice utrinque linea perpendiculari e punctis majoribus

formata instructo; elytris sat fortiter punctato-striatis, in-

terspatiis planis, ad marginem convexiusculis; castaneis,

extus et ad basin nigro-piceo tinctis; flavo maculatis,

vitta suturali alteraque discoidali (hac basi et apice ex-

cepta) immaculatis. 3. Abdominis apice concavo-

emarginato. ¢?. Abdominis apice integro. Long. 23—

34 lin.

Hab. Transvaal.

Head sparingly and minutely punctured ; interocular

spaces bounded within by a deep sinuate groove; eyes

narrow, elongate; antenne half the length of the body,

six or seven outer joints black. Thorax three times as

broad as long; sides broadly rounded, converging in

front, the anterior angles thickened; disk minutely

punctured, faintly excavated on either side near the outer

margin ; anterior disk impressed on either side with four

or five distinct punctures which form a perpendicular row

extending from the apical margin to the middle of the

thorax. Scutellum trigonate. Elytra broader than the

thorax, oblong-ovate, slightly attenuated towards the

apex in the male, convex, not depressed below the basilar

space, strongly punctate-striate, the striz near the outer

margin sulcate ; interspaces obsoletely granulose, plane

54. Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of

on the inner disk, convex on the outer border and at the

apex.

Blepharida «xanthospilota.

Ovata, convexa, pallide picea, nitida, femoribus posticis

apice nigro-piceis; thorace flavo, piceo-tincto, lateribus

rotundatis, disco antico utrinque longitudinaliter sulcato,

sulcis postice ad apicem ramulos duos emittentibus (ramu-

lum unum extrorsum productum transversum longe intra

marginem abbreviatum, secundum curvatum, introrsum

ductum), basi utrinque breviter sulcato, et inter sulcos

transversim impresso; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis,

strus sulcatis, interspatiis leviter convexiusculis, leviter

transversim strigosis, albido-flavo maculatis. Long.

3 lin.

Hab. China, collected by Mr. G. Lewis.

Vertex minutely punctured ; interocular spaces bounded

within by a deep sinuate groove. Thorax nearly three

times as broad as long; sides rounded, converging in

front, the anterior angles thickened, excury ed: disk

minutely and very closely punctured, sometimes obso-

letely rugulose; basal margin impressed on either side

with a short perpendicular “sulcus, between which is a

curved transverse groove; anterior disk impressed on

either side by a deep longitudinal sulcation which extends

backwards from the apical margin nearly to the middle

of the thorax; from its hinder apex a slightly curved

groove runs obliquely downwards and inwards on the

middle disk, a second much deeper and more coarsely

punctured, runs directly outwards towards the lateral

margin, but terminates some distance before reaching

the latter. Scutellum trigonate, its apex obtuse. Elytra

oblong, convex, not depressed below the basilar space,

strongly punctate-striate, the striz sulcate ; interspaces

slightly convex, irresularly transversely strigose, each

with a number of small pale yellow spots, “placed at

irregular intervals on its surface.

Blepharida nigripennis.

Elongato-ovata, convexa, pallide rufo-picea, nitida,

antennis fulvis, oculis, genubus posticis elytrisque nigris ;

thorace lateribus ante medium obtuse angulatis, disco

minute punctato, utrimque ante medium profunde longi-

tudinaliter sulcato, ante basin leviter arcuatim depresso ;

New Species of Galerucide. 55

medio nigro-binotato, elytris infra basin transversim

excavatis, fortiter punctato-striatis. Long. 44 lin.

Hab. Malacca. A single specimen collected by Mr.

Wallace.

Vertex smooth, impunctate ; interocular spaces bounded

within by a deep groove; antenne (the basal joint ex-

cepted) pale fulvous; apices of jaws and eyes black.

Thorax twice as broad as long; sides narrowly edged

with black, straight and nearly parallel from the base to

the middle, dilated and obtusely angulate just before the

latter, thence obliquely converging to the apex, the

anterior angles excurved ; disk minutely punctured, its

anterior portion impressed on either side with a deep

longitudinal sulcation, which is dilated at base and apex,

and extends from the anterior margin nearly to the

middle of the thorax. Scutellum obtusely truncate.

Elytra rather broader than the thorax, narrowly oblong-

ovate; convex, the basilar space bounded without and

beneath by a distinct depression ; strongly punctate-

striate, the interspaces sparingly impressed with minute

punctures.

Eutheca malayana.

Anguste ovata, convexa, pallide piceo-fulva, nitida,

antennis extrorsum oculisque nigris, thorace flavo,

lateribus ante medium obtuse angulatis ; elytris sat

fortiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis planis, lis ad mar-

ginem obsolete convexis. Long. 4 lin.

Hab. Macassar.

Vertex smooth, impunctate; interocular spaces bounded

within by a deep sinuate groove; antenne more than

half the length of the body, the five outer joints, together

with the apex of the sixth, black. Thorax more than

twice as broad as long; sides straight and nearly parallel

from the base to the middle, slightly produced and

obtusely angulate just beyond the latter, thence obliquely

converging to the apex; disk smooth, very minutely and

somewhat sparingly punctured; on. either side in front

is a fine distinctly punctured perpendicular groove,

which extends downwards from the anterior margin for

nearly half the length of the thorax, and then curves

abruptly outwards to the lateral margin; at the base,

placed immediately below the perpendicular grooves are

two small fovee. Elytra oblong, convex, very faintly

56 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of

depressed below the basilar space, finely and regularly

punctate-striate, two or three outer striz more strongly

punctured, their interspaces moderately convex, the rest

of the interspaces plane.

Notozona Clarku.

Anguste ovata, convexa, flava, nitida, femoribus apice,

tibiis, “tarsis, scutello antennisque nigris, vertice piceo ;

thorace levi : elytris oblongo-ovatis, regulariter punctato-

striatis, sanguineis, sutura, basi, limbo basali, nee non

limbo externo nigris. Long. 3 ln.

Hab. Bahia.

Vertex smooth, impunctate, front impressed on either

side just above the encarpe with a transversely oblong

fovea; encarpe contiguous; carina short, its apex wedge-

shaped ; six lower joints of antennz black (the rest broken

of). ‘Thorax twice as broad as long; sides straight and

parallel from the base to beyond the middle, thence

obliquely converging towards the apex, anterior angles

armed with an excurved acute tooth; disk nitidous,

transversely convex, faintly excavated at the base.

Elytra broader than the thorax, slightly attenuated at

the apex, conyex, distinctly punctate-striate, the inter-

spaces finely punctured.

Asphera oblecta.

Aneuste ovata, convexa, obscure fulva, piceo tincta,

capite fulvo-piceo, nitida, femoribus ¢ apice, tibiis tarsisque

anticis quatuor, scutello, ore antennisque piceis; thorace

levi, lacteo, lateribus rotundatis, a basi ad apicem con-

vergentibus, angulis anticis imcrassatis, antrorsum pro-

ductis ; elytris oblongis, lacteis, tenuissime piceo punc-

tatis; utrisque plaga subquadrata vix infra basin, nec

marginem nec suturam attingente, fasciaque irregulari

inter medium et apicem, extrorsum abbreviata, positis,

piceis, metallico tinctis. Long. 3} lin.

Hab. Amazons.

Head subrotundate ; vertex nitidous, impressed witha

few round punctures, from each of which springs a single

erect piceous hair; encarpe separated from the front by

a transverse grooved line; eyes distinctly sinuate,

subreniform ; lower portion of clypeus with a strongly

raised transverse ridge, the anterior surface of which is

oblique ; carima strongly raised, its lower end extending

New Species of Galerucide. 57

downwards to the transverse ridge; antenne filiform,

the fourth joint slightly longer than either the third or

fifth. Thorax more than twice as broad as long; sides

rounded, converging from the base towards the apex, the

anterior angle produced, thickened, its apex obtuse, the

hinder angle mucronate; disk nitidous, impunctate, the

lateral margin narrowly incrassate; at some little distance

within the latter is a fine faint longitudinal excavation.

Scutellum piceo-violaceous. Elytra oblong, broader

than the thorax, not dilated posteriorly, outer limb

moderately dilated, reflexed, fringed behind the middle

with a single row of long hairs. Hinder tibia armed

before its apex with a distinct tooth, claw only slightly

thickened.

Asphera inclusa.

Elongato-ovata, convexa, nigra, nitida, capite tho-

raceque albidis, encarpis, ore antennisque nigris; hoc

levi, lateribus rectis, a basi apicem versus convergenti-

bus, angulis anticis valde antrorsum productis, subacutis ;

elytris tenuiter punctatis, albido-fulvis, nitidissimis,

utrisque plaga subquadrata baseos maculam subrotun-

datam includente, altera vix pone medium transverso-

quadrata, postice leviter concava, tertiaque subapical,

trigonata, nigro-violaceis. Long. 33 lin.

Hab. Venezuela.

Head trigonate; vertex smooth, impunctate, front

punctured on either side near the eye; encarpe nigro-

piceous, subquadrate, contiguous ; clypeus with a trans-

verse, obsoletely-angled ridge, from the middle of which

the ill-defined cara runs upwards to the encarpe;

lower edge of the clypeus, together with the mouth

black; antenne filiform, the third, fourth, and fifth

joints equal in length, each about twice the length of

the second; eyes distinctly sinuate within. Thorax

nearly twice as broad as long at the base; sides straight,

obliquely converging from the base towards the apex;

anterior angles strongly produced anteriorly, thickened,

subacute; disk shining, impunctate; sides narrowly

margined. Scutellum trigonate. Hlytra rather broader

than the thorax, oblong-ovate, not dilated posteriorly,

very finely punctured, yellowish white, with a very faint

pinkish tinge: each elytron with three large nigro-

violaceous patches; the first, placed rather nearer the

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART I, (APRIL.) ~~ ui

58 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

outer margin than the suture, subquadrate, extends from

the base one-third down the elytron; the second just

below the middle, forms a broad fascia, abbreviated at

either end; w hilst the third, trigonate, is placed close to

the apex ; in the centre of the basal patch i is a large sub-

ovate pale yellow spot. Hinder tibize not emarginate ;

hinder metatarsus equal in length to the following two

joints united ; hinder claw strongly swollen.

Podagrica madagassa.

Rotundato-ovata, convexa, sordide fulva, nitida, tarsis

antennisque (his basi exceptis) nigris ; thorace suberebre

distincte punctato, utrinque basi, sulco brevi longitudinal

impresso; elytris subcrebre punctatis. Long. 2} lin.

Hab. Madagascar.

Vertex convex, impunctate ; encarpe narrowly wedge-

shaped, contiguous at their extreme apices; carina

obsolete ; antenne much less than half the length of the

body, the second and following joints nearly equal in

length ; five lower joints fulvous, the apex of the fifth,

together with the whole of the six upper ones, black.

Thorax twice as broad at the base as long; sides

rounded and converging from the base towards the apex,

the anterior angles armed with a short excurved tooth ;

basal margin on either side oblique, bisinuate; disk

distinctly but not very closely punctured, impressed on

either side at the base with a short longitudinal groove ;

at the apex on each side, exactly opposite the basal

groove, is a single row of punctures, much larger and

more deeply impressed than those covering the general

surface. Hlytra subquadrate-ovate, convex, more strongly

and more closely punctured than the thorax.

Crepidodera madagassa.

Anguste ovata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigra, supra

metallico-viridis, antennis pedibusque flavis; thorace

remote punctato; sulco basali leviter impresso; elytris

sat fortiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis convexiusculis.

—Long. 1¢ lin.

Hab. Madagascar.

Vertex shining, impunctate; encarpz subovate, con-

tiguous, well-defined; carina linear; eyes large, pro-

minent; antennz shorter than the body, filiform, the

New Species of Galerucide. 59

second joint oval, incrassate, being about half the

length of, and of the same thickness as, the basal one ;

the third and following ones to the tenth nearly equal in

length, each about half as long again as the second, the

eleventh rather longer, its apex acute. Thorax about

half as broad again as long; sides rounded, nearly

straight, but diverging from the base to the middle,

anterior angle thickened, very obliquely truncate, the

hinder one acute; disk convex, sparingly punctured ;

basal sulcation rather shallow, slightly sinuate in the

middle, impressed with a single row of strong punc-

tures, rather coarser than those on the disk. Elytra

much broader than the thorax, oblong, not depressed

below the basilar space, the latter on each elytron

shghtly thickened, the humeral callus prominent; sur-

face rather strongly punctate-striate, interspaces nitidous,

shightly but distinctly convex, more strongly thickened

near the lateral margin, the two outer interspaces dis-

tinctly costate; towards the apex of the elytron the

interspaces are much flattened, nearly plane, the striz

themselves being more finely punctured.

(AGL er)

V. On the Genus Hilipus, and its Neo-Tropical Allies.

By Francis P. Pascoz, F.L.S., &c.

[Read March 2nd, 1881. |

Hilipus is a genus of Curculionide closely allied to

Pissodes and Hylolius; Germar mostly referred the

species he described to the former. The Munich cata-

logue enumerates no less than 220 species, and a few

more have since been described by Dr. Kirsch. The

collection of the British Museum and a large number of

named specimens in my own, as well as a cursory

examination of the fine collections of M. Chevrolat, and

of Mr. Fry, and an attentive examination of the

descriptions of the missing species in Schonherr’s great

work, have enabled me, I hope, to avoid redescribing

any of the old species. I have, however, often found it

very difficult to make quite sure. The descriptions,

although very full, are rather the descriptions of indi-

viduals than of species; especially has no allowance been

made for size, proportion, or variation of colour ; all are

described with a minuteness which, when there is a

discrepancy in any character, throws a doubt, however

slight, on the identification.*

For Lacordaire Hilipus is a ‘‘ group of genera,” as,

notwithstanding the large number of species, it is not

often that we can bring more than three or four together |

in unmistakable affinity. The majority are isolated, or

are only connected by a character that has nothing

correlative. :

Nevertheless, if we are to have any definition of

Hilipus, it is necessary to adopt characters to a certain

extent arbitrary ; and thereby to exclude such species as

’

* With regard to size, it is often simply confusing. For instance,

here is one taken at random: Hilipus Okeni, we are told, is half

the size of H. trachypterus, H. tuberculatus is scarcely larger than

H. Okeni, H. echinatus is half the size of H. tuberculatus. Re-

ferring to H. trachypterus as the standard, so to say, we learn that

it is twice the size of H. onychinus, and for this we must go to

Germar’s ‘ Insectorum Species.’

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—pPaRT I. (APRIL.)

62 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

do not come within the prescribed conditions. In

addition to the ordinary characters of its subfamily

(Hylobiine), 7. e., the rectilinear and oblique scrobes

terminating beneath the rostrum, the transverse eyes,

and the metasternum more or less elongate, I would

exclude from the genus Hilipus forms which have not all

the femora clavate and armed with well-marked teeth

beneath, tibia terminating in a free curved mucro, and

two unconnected claws. Generally also there are ocular

lobes, but this character, and indeed all others, must be

taken with some reserve. There is a gradation in all of

them in many species that defies limitation. And, if

the group is ever monographed, it will have to be broken

up into a number of genera, or so-called genera, most of

which will probably contain only a single species.

The absence of one or more of the characters

mentioned above has, however, obliged me to propose

eight or nine genera for certain species that have either

been described, or are found in our cabinets under

catalogue-names, or that most probably would be

referred to Hilipus by anyone inclined to let it remain

within its old lines. Beyond these I have not found any

character that can be relied on as being anything more

than of specific value. To say what separates Hilipus

from Hylobius would be difficult; the difference between

the club of the antenne, distinctly marked off from the

funicle in the former and its close connection in the

latter genus, is a character that would be far from

satisfactory in many instances. Pissodes is separated

from both by the non-contiguity of its anterior coxe.

It is difficult to believe that all the minute yet definite

variations that go to differentiate a species from its

congeners can be of any special benefit in the struggle

for life, or that the possession of any one character—

such, for instance, as the comparative length of an

antenna-joint—can be an advantage or a disadvantage.

The conditions under which the Hilipoda exist cannot

vary to any great extent; with the exception of four or

five mostly Chilian species,* they are all tropical, and in

the larval state probably lignivorous. It requires a

* Mannerheim gives one species from California (H. scrobi-

culatus), but this is the female of Plinthus carinatus, Boh.,

according to Leconte. H. sqwamosus, Boh. (Pissodes, Lec. olim),

is a rare species of Georgia and Florida.

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 63

robust faith to believe that ‘‘the action of external causes

is alone able to bring about these variations” generally

so very decided as regards species, but so extremely

eraduated when examined singly.*

In the arrangement of the species described below I

have followed Schonherr.t It is a purely artificial

arrangement, tending, as lLacordaire observes, to

separate nearly allied species; still it is more con-

venient to follow in a detached article like the present ;

indeed no other would be possible without an examination

of all the species.

Hinievus.

The two basal joints of the funicle equal or nearly equal

in length.

Apex of the elytra rounded, or, each elytron slightly

acuminate.

Elytra without tubercles or granules.

Hilipus medullosus. Hilipus respiciens.

Se RerUs:. » vestttus:

» commodus. 3) empuricus:

5 @ultcus. » tnsidiosus.

» mysticus. 5, decorus.

» collectus. 49. spectator:

» —poecius. » suspensus.

5 nudipennis. » tetanicus.

5) » posticus. » erculatus.

Elytra with the alternate interstices raised.

Hilipus hipporhinoides.

Elytra with tubercles or granules.

Hilipus contumax. Hilipus grammicus.

» cratosomordes. » obesulus.

| SeLeris. » caliginosus.

» adwversus. » vappa.

» dausterus. » scabrosus.

» aspredo. » tndutus.

» awntensus. » ~ deprictus.

* «There is a tendency to vary, due to causes of which we are

quite ignorant.”—Darwin, ‘ Origin of Species,’ 6th ed., p. 107.

+ Gen. et Sp. Curcul., tom. vii., pars ii., p. 27 e¢ seq.

64 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

Second joint of the funicle twice as long, or, at least,

half as long again as the first.

Apex of the elytra rounded.

Elytra without tubercles or granules.

Hilipus catenatus.

Elytra with tubercles or granules.

Hilipus galeotes. Hilipus expletus.

» monitor. » molestus.

55 etellze. 1 eynicus.

» exustus. » occultus.

Apex of the elytra acuminate.

Hilipus prionurus. Hilipus miliaris.

First joint of the funicle half as long again as the second.

Hilipus paradoxus.

The following are new genera and species :—

Syphorbus turgidus. Cherius squalidus.

Byzes sevureus. Plethes albolineatus.

Arniticus gladiator. 5 -verrucosus.

" gibbosus. Bactrius lophotoides.

- brevicollis. Acallestes talpa.

The two following described species are referred to new

genera :—

Trenarchus fossilis. (Thoms.)

Tartarisus signatipennis. (Blanch.)

Hilipus medullosus. (Pl. L., fig. 6).

H. oblongus, fuscus, subopacus, femoribus basi, tibiis

tarsisque rufo-ferrugineis ; prothorace modice ampliato,

fere impunctato, vitta utrimque albo-squamosa; elytris

subtiliter punctatis, interstitiis levibus, singulatim vitta

lata inequaliter dentata, ad apicem extensa, albo-

squamosa. Long. 8 lin.

Hab. Parana.

Oblong, brown, subopaque ; prothorax and elytra with

a stripe on each side of closely-set white scales, very

irregularly indented on the latter; rostrum slightly

eurved, much longer than the prothorax; antennee

reddish ferruginous, the club black, funicle elongate ;

prothorax rather longer than broad, bisinuate at the

and tts Neo-Tropical Allies. 65

base, slightly expanded and rounded at the sides,

punctures almost obsolete; scutellum subtriangular ;

elytra three and a quarter times the length of the pro-

thorax, moderately convex, the apex rounded, preapical

callus slight, punctures in lines, the intervals smooth ;

body beneath and distal half of the femora chocolate-

brown, rest of the legs reddish ferruginous; claw-joint

nearly as long as the rest of the tarsus.

Allied to H. catagraphus, Germ., but, inter alia, less

convex, elytra more delicately punctured, and the stripe

on each side more indented.

AMilipus nurus.

H. oblongo-ovatus, fulvo-ferrugineus, supra granulis

concoloribus instructus, prothorace vitta utrinque, ely-

trisque basi plaga laterali, una antemediana, duabus

alteris postice—ad suturam approximatis—niveo-squa-

mosis. Long. 7 hn.

Hab. Colombia.

Oblong-ovate, yellowish ferruginous, above with gran-

ules of the same colour, a stripe on each side of the

prothorax, and irregular patches on the elytra composed

of pure white scales; head with a deep fovea between

the eyes, these approximate; rostrum piceous, as long

as the prothorax, slightly curved, closely punctured at

the base, the scrobe commencing at the distal third;

antenne piceous; scape elongate; funicle with the first

two joints much longer than the remainder, the last four

turbinate, club not longer than the last five joints

together; prothorax rather narrow, longer than broad,

rounded anteriorly at the sides, the posterior half nearly

parallel, granules crowded; scutellum elongate-scutiform ;

elytra convex, subelongate, the sides nearly parallel,

much broader than the prothorax at the base, preapical

callus not prominent, the apex rounded, subseriate-

granulate, the granules more or less masking the

punctures; body beneath and legs ferruginous, with

scattered greyish setulose scales; claw-joint nearly as

long as the remainder of the tarsus.

I have adopted M. Chevrolat’s MS. name for this

handsome species; in coloration it is not unlike H. draco,

Fab., but is much larger, and considerably narrower in

proportion, and it has not the slender rostrum of that

species.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT I. (APRIL.) K

66 Mr. I. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

Hilipus commodus.

H. oblongo-ovatus, niger nitidus, prothorace utrinque

vitta lata, elytrisque singulatim plagis duabus irregu-

laribus, una apicali ad suturam approximante, altera

recurva basali silaceo-squamosis, ornatis; rostro apice

vix dilatato. Long. 7 lin.

Hab. Maceas.

Oblong-ovate, glossy black, a stripe—gradually broader

behind—on each side of the prothorax, and two irregular

patches on each elytron,—the anterior recurved, extend-

ing from the base to the middle,—the other apical and

rounded, nearly meeting at the suture, closely covered

with silaceous scales, but all the patches surrounded

with a paler or whitish margin; rostrum about as long

as the prothorax, curved, scarcely dilated at the tip;

antenne ferrugimous; two basal joints of the funicle

moderately elongate, the last subtransverse; apex

approximate ; prothorax about as long as broad, parallel

at the sides from the middle, posterior half of the disk

depressed, coarsely and rather closely punctured ;

scutellum obovate; elytra convex, very slightly rounded

at the sides, preapical callus nearly obsolete, finely

seriate-punctate ; body beneath and legs pitchy black,

with few scales; claw-joint long.

This handsome species is allied to H. leopardus, Boh.,

but is rather differently coloured, the prothorax not

contracted at the base, depressed posteriorly, and more

coarsely punctured.

Hilipus aulicus.

H. oblongo-ovatus, niger nitidus, prothorace elytrisque

vittis flexuosis et ocellis silaceo-squamosis ornatis ;

rostro piceo, longiusculo, punctato, apice vix dilatato.

Long. 64 lin.

Hab. Brazil.

Oblong-ovate, glossy black, prothorax and elytra with

irregular stripes, and ocellated spots—on the latter—of

silaceous scales; rostrum pitchy, much longer than the

prothorax, moderately curved, punctured throughout ;

antenne pitchy, two basal joints of the funicle rather

long, the last joint transverse, club nearly as long as

the last six; eyes lateral, narrowed beneath, and

and its Neo-Tropical Alles. 67

approximate; prothorax rather longer than broad,

rounded at the sides, sparingly punctured, two stripes

at the side, the lower curved ; scutellum ovate ; elytra

much broader than the prothorax and three times the

length, convex, the lateral stripe forming at the middle

an irregular ocellus, a large round ocellus nearly meeting

its fellow at the suture posteriorly, the nearly obsolete

preapical callus forming its centre, the apex narrowly

rounded; body beneath and legs glossy black, the two

basal abdominal segments with a patch of silaceous

scales at the side; claw-joint elongate, pitchy.

Allied to S. Norrisii, S. Chevrolatii, and S. bipunctatus,

which have all a sutural stripe on each elytron, and

which probably belong to one variable species.

Hilipus mysticus. (Pl. L., fig. 5.)

H. anguste oblongus, niger nitidissimus, femora in

medio lutea, prothorace elytrisque lineis flavis, bene

determinatis, perplexe dispositis, ornatis ; rostro leviter

punctato. Long. 5 lin.

Hab. Sarayacu.

Narrowly oblong, very glossy black, the femora, except

at the base and apex, luteous, the prothorax and elytra

with very distinct lines of yellow scales of complicated

patterns; rostrum slender, not longer than the head

and prothorax, moderately curved, finely punctured ;

antenne pitchy ; two basal joints of the funicle elongate,

fourth, fifth, and sixth round; club not longer than the

two basal joints of the funicle; eyes subapproximate ;

prothorax longer than broad, sparingly punctured, the

yellow lines forming an oblong, somewhat quadrate figure

extending nearly the whole length on each side; scutellum

narrowly triangular; elytra nearly three times longer

than broad, moderately convex, seriate-punctate, the

yellow lines on each side at the base assuming a some-

what reniform figure, posteriorly a triangle with a loop

in the centre enclosing the preapical callus, the apex of

the elytra rounded; body beneath glossy black, without

scales; femora smooth, luteous, except at the base and

apex; tarsi rather slender.

A handsome species, allied to H. catenatus, but dis-

similar in the pattern (as will at once be seen in the

figures), and differing in the proportions formed by the

yellow lines of the funicular joints,

68 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

Hilipus collectus.

H. angustus, niger subnitidus, elytris maculis nume-

rosis silaceis, plus minusve conjunctis, notatis; rostro

prothorace longitudine quali; prothorace angusto sub-

eylindrico, carinula antice fere obsoleta. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Chontales.

Narrowly oblong, glossy black, elytra with numerous

oI Do

silaceous spots more or less conjoined to form two

principal patches on each; rostrum as long as the

prothorax, curved, closely and coarsely punctured so far

as the commencement of the scrobe; antenne pitchy :

first joint of the funicle rather longer than the second ;

club as long as the last six joints together; prothorax

subeylindrical, longer than broad, the base truncate, a

small silaceous spot on each side at the base, punctures

very minute, scattered; scutellum oblong, rounded at

the apex; elytra narrow, convex, preapical callus not

prominent, finely lineate-punctate; body beneath and

eyes glossy black, but the abdomen rather dull; claw-

joint slender, much shorter than the rest of the tarsus.

A narrower form than H. apiatus, Ol., and differently

sculptured, the spots on the elytra more aggregated, the

rostrum and funicle shorter, &c.

Hilipus pecilus.

H. anguste ovatus, niger nitidus, prothorace elytrisque

ad latera maculis numerosis pallide griseis notatis, illo

subconico. Long. 5} lin.

Hab. Chanchamajo.

Narrowly ovate, glossy black, the prothorax and elytra

with numerous round spots of pale greyish scales towards

the sides; rostrum not longer than the prothorax,

curved, closely and coarsely punctured at the base;

antenne pitchy; first joint of the funicle stouter and

rather longer than the second; club not so long as the

five last jomts together ; eyes approximate; prothorax

subconic, longer than broad, the sides slightly rounded,

sparsely punctured, a nearly obsolete carina anteriorly,

and a curved depression posteriorly; scutellum narrow,

obovate ; elytra slightly rounded at the sides, seriate-

punctate, punctures minute, preapical callus not promi-

nent, body beneath glossy brown, nearly obsoletely

punctured and with few setule ; claw-joint rather slender.

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 69

Allied to H. collectus, but less elongate, the prothorax

more conical and differently sculptured, &c. Dr. Kirsch

has two species from the above locality which I am

unable to identify with any in my collection.

Hilipus nudipennis.

H. anguste ellipticus, glaber, nigrescens, vix nitidus,

prothorace pone apicem obscure rubro, subtiliter punctu-

lato; femoribus in medio nitide luteis. Long. 6 ln.

Hab. Macas.

Narrowly elliptic, smooth, blackish; the prothorax,

except at the apex, dull darkish red; the elytra scarcely,

or very slightly, glossy; head and rostrum glossy

chestnut-brown, the latter as long as the prothorax, curved,

not carinated, the base moderately punctured; antennze

pitchy, two basal joints of the funicle elongate, the last

two slightly transverse; club shortly elliptic; eyes not

approximate in front; prothorax longer than broad, a

little incurved at the sides behind the middle, not glossy,

a shade of black at the apex, minutely and sparingly

punctured; scutellum oval, very glossy black; elytra

narrow, broadest behind the shoulders, scaleless, except

a minute scale in each puncture, finely seriate-punctate,

the intervals very smooth, preapical callus very slight, the

apex narrowly rounded; legs moderately elongate, very

glossy black, middle of the femora luteous ; metasternum

dull red, rest of the body beneath glossy blackish.

Except that this species has the same particoloured

femora as in H. mysticus and H. catenatus, | know of no

ally but the following.

Hilipus posticus.

H. angustus, niger, fere opacus; prothorace antice

carinato, pone apicem rufescenti; capite, rostro, pedi-

busque (femoribus in medio luteis) nitide nigris; elytris

postice fascia subarcuata silaceo-squamosa ornatis.

Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Sarayacu.

Narrow, black, nearly opaque; prothorax, except at

the apex, reddish ; elytra with a silaceous curved band

posteriorly; the legs, except the luteous middle of the

femora, glossy black; head and rostrum glossy black,

the latter longer than the prothorax, curved, with three

carine at the base, the intervals lightly punctured ;

70 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

antenne pitchy, the two basal joints of the funicle

moderately elongate, the last four transverse; club

elliptic; prothorax scarcely longer than broad, a little

incurved at the sides behind the middle, opaque reddish,

the anterior border black; scutellum glossy, elytra

elongate, nearly parallel at the sides, scales scattered

and exceedingly minute, posteriorly a dense line of

normal silaceous scales forming a slightly-curved band

on each elytron—the concavity backwards, seriate-

punctate, punctures very slight, each with a minute

whitish scale, preapical callus not prominent; body

beneath dark brown, metasternum luteous; legs slender.

Allied to the preceding, but with narrower, nearly

parallel elytra, more convex, and without the posterior

band.

Hilipus respiciens.

H. gracilis, nitide piceo-fuscus, levigatus, femoribus

ferrugineis, elytris singulatim prope apicem annulo

albido ornatis. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Chinchamajo.

Slender, dark pitchy brown, smooth and glossy;

femora, except at the apex, ferruginous, each elytron at

the base with a short transverse narrow band, and very

near the apex a well-defined ring of silaceous scales ;

rostrum rather slender, curved, sparingly punctured, the

scales commencing not far from the apex; eyes

approximate; antenne pitchy; two basal joints of the

funicle subelongate, the second somewhat shorter; club

as long as the five last joints together; prothorax equal

in length and breadth, narrowed anteriorly, parallel at

the sides from before the middle, sparingly punctured,

slightly carinated anteriorly ; scutellum rounded; elytra

subparallel at the sides, seriate-punctate, punctures

minute, preapical callus not prominent; body beneath

and legs glossy brown, with a very few scattered setule ;

second abdominal segment longitudinally impressed ;

claw-joint slender.

An isolated species, but with the eyes approximate

beneath as well as in front, as in H. pwcilus, with which

it has no affinity otherwise.

Hilipus vestitus. (Pl. I., fig. 7.)

H. angustus, nitide niger, prothorace utrinque vitta

lutea, elytrisque, humeris fasciaque irregulari pone

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 71

medium exceptis, albido-squamosis; rostro a basi gra-

datim latiori. Long. 7 lin.

Hab. Macas.

Narrowly oblong, glossy black above, except a stripe

in the middle (and the sides below) of the prothorax,

the shoulders, and an irregular band on the elytra

behind the middle, forming a lozenge-shaged patch on

the suture, and spreading upwards to the shoulders at

the sides, covered with closely-approximate whitish

scales; rostrum not longer than the prothorax, gradually

broader from the base to the apex, irregularly punctured ;

antenne pitchy; the two basal joints of the funicle

equal, the last obconic; eyes round, lateral; prothorax

narrow, scarcely longer than broad, the sides from the

middle parallel, obsoletely punctured; scutellum small,

oblong; elytra three times the length of the prothorax,

parallel at the sides, preapical callus nearly obsolete,

apparently striate-punctate, but the punctures mostly

masked by the scales; body beneath and legs glossy

black, nearly scaleless; tarsi rather long, claw-joint

much shorter.

An isolated species. The rostrum is more than

usually dilated from the base to the tip. The colour

on the upper surface seems to be a pale ashy, owing to

the white scales not completely covering the derm.

Hilipus empiricus.

H. oblongo-ovatus, fuscus, silaceo-squamosus, lateribus

squamulis in linea irregulari condensatis; rostro sat

valde arcuato, basi in medio carinato et grosse punctato;

elytris supra planatis. Long. 4 lin.

Hab. Chontales.

Oblong-ovate, dark brown, with silaceous scales at the

sides of the prothorax and elytra close together, forming

an irregular stripe receding from the external margin in

the middle of the elytra, but united to its fellow by a

narrow band posteriorly; rostrum somewhat slender,

rather strongly curved, carinated, and coarsely punctured

at the base; antenne ferruginous, the two basal joints

of the funicle of moderate length, the rest gradually

shorter; club nearly as long as the last five together ;

eyes approximate both above and beneath; prothorax

oblong, the sides rounded, but slightly incurved at the

72 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

base, a narrow glossy carina anteriorly, coarsely punctured

between the stripes, each puncture posteriorly with a

raised border; scutellum rounded; elytra flattened above

between the stripes, and coarsely seriate-punctate, pre-

apical callus prominent ; a few small scattered scales on

the legs and body beneath ; tarsi ferruginous.

A small species, bordering in some respects on H. draco,

Fab., but much narrower and otherwise differentiated

by rostrum, antenne, &c. Its metathorax is very much

longer than usual, and this throws the hind legs very

much behind.

Hilipus insidiosus.

H. oblongus, fusco-piceus, squamis minutissimis albidis

parce adspersus; prothorace granulis majusculis obsito,

elytris rugoso-punctatis.

Hab. Morro Velho.

Oblong, pitchy brown, with a few narrow, very minute

white scales; rostrum slender, much longer than the

prothorax, chestnut-brown, glossy, moderately curved,

and remotely and finely punctured throughout; antenne

ferruginous, funicle with the two basal joints of moderate

length, the rest shortly obconic; club scarcely longer

than the last three together; eyes subapproximate ;

prothorax transverse, well-rounded at the sides, con-

tracted at the base, with many approximate, often

reniform, tubercles, the middle with a stout carina, a

small triangular space at the apex punctured; scutel-

lum triangular; elytra broader thant he prothorax at

the base, depressed along the suture, the anterior half

nearly parallel at the sides, coarsely striate-punctate,

the intervals with irregular more or less transverse folds,

behind the middle a small spot of white scales, preapical

callus prominent; body beneath glossy black, finely

punctured ; tarsi ferruginous.

Allied to H. dorsosulcatus, but with longer and more

rugose elytra, and a carinated prothorax.

Hilipus decorus.

H. oblongus, subplanus, dense griseo-squamosus,

setulisque adspersus, maculis duabus communibus basi,

lateribus, fasciaque inter callos preapicales, fuscis ;

prothorace carinato. Long. 5—6 lin.

Hab. Amazon (iiga?), Sarayacu.

and its Neo-Troyical Allies. 73

Oblong, closely covered with pale greyish scales, and

here and there a long erect one; prothorax and elytra

at the base, the sides, and an irregular band between the

preapical calluses, deep rich brown; rostrum as long as

the prothorax, curved, with three somewhat indefinite

carine, the central one extending to the vertex ; antennz

ferruginous; the two basal joints of the funicle rather

short, the rest rounded, the last three slightly transverse ;

club as long as the last four together; eyes lateral,

widely apart in front; prothorax as long as broad,

narrowed anteriorly, the sides from the middle parallel,

a slender carina extending from the apex nearly to the

base, the disk remotely punctured, the two basal spots

connected with corresponding spots on the elytra ;

scutellum rounded; elytra flattish above, slightly

narrowing from the base to near the apex, seriate-

punctate, the interstices transversely raised, the lateral

stripe rising into a triangular patch at above the

middle; body beneath and legs closely covered with

silaceous seales.and scattered hairs; legs rather slender.

An isolated species apparently; depressed, particularly

on the elytra, and with an unusual width between the

eyes.

Hilipus spectator. (P1.11., fig. 1.)

H. oblongus, niger nitidus, prothorace plaga magna

utrinque, elytris singulatim altera ante medium, an-

nuloque postice, callo circumducens, albo-squamosis ;

rostro apicem versus sat lato. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Cayenne.

Oblong, glossy black, a large patch on each side of the

prothorax, another somewhat oblique just before the

middle of each elytron, and a ring—enclosing the slight

preapical callus—posteriorly, made up of minute white

or cream-coloured scales; rostrum not longer than the

prothorax, gradually broader to the apex, which is rather

strongly dilated, basal half with scattered punctures ;

antenne pitchy ; first two joints of the funicle of nearly

equal length, the last four transverse, together shorter

than the club; eyes lateral; prothorax longer than

broad, the sides behind the middle nearly parallel, the

disk sparingly punctured; scutellum narrow, pointed

behind; elytra nearly parallel to the middle, slightly

depressed around the scutellum, seriate-punctate, punc-

tures approximate; beneath smooth, glossy black.

TRANS, ENT, soc, 1881,—paRT I, (APRIL.) L

can

74 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

A species with a decided resemblance to Ambates

eretifer, Pasc., but considerably larger.

FTilipus suspensus.

H. subovatus, fusco-piceus, setulis squamulisque

ochraceis tectus, prothorace elytrisque fusco-vittatis et

ochraceo-plagiatis ; supra punctatus, in certu sito quam-

quam granulatis. Long. 7 lin.

Hab. ga.

Subovate, dark pitchy brown, more or less covered with

slender and rounded ochraceous—inclining to orange—

scales, with stripes and patches of brown and ochreous,

above punctured, in certain lights as if granulate ;

rostrum longer than the prothorax, curved, closely

punctured ; antenne ferruginous; scape elongate ; first

two joints of the funicle of moderate length; eyes

approximate ; prothorax as long as broad, subconical,

the sides slightly rounded, disk with a dark brown stripe

on each side, joined to an ochreous broader stripe

exteriorly, the side below with a large silaceous spot;

scutellum narrowly triangular, closely covered with

silaceous scales ; elytra moderately convex, the sides but

slightly rounded, on the middle an oblique brown stripe

terminated by an ochreous patch which nearly extends

to the suture, the side before the middle with a silaceous

spot, preapical callus not prominent; body beneath and

lees chocolate-brown with a few scattered silaceous hairs;

tarsi with a silaceous pubescence.

An isolated species.

Hilipus tetanicus.

H. angustus, subparallelus, fuscus, sparsa griseo-

squamosus, vitta lata utrinque, apice ad suturam extensa,

squamulis silaceis conferta; rostro crassiusculo. Long.

6 lin.

Hab. Cayenne.

Narrow, subparallel, dark brown, with scattered greyish

scales; sides of the prothorax and elytra with a broad

irregular stripe of crowded silaceous scales extending to

the apex where it joins its fellows; rostrum stoutish,

curved, the basal half slightly angulate ; antenne pitchy ;

first joint of the funicle somewhat longer than the

second, the rest rounded; eyes subapproximate ; pro-

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 75

thorax longer than broad, rounded at the sides, coarsely

punctured, a faint smooth line in the middle ; scutellum

triangular ; elytra scarcely broader at the base than the

prothorax, flattish in the middle, the sides nearly

parallel, seriate-punctate, preapical callus slight ; body

beneath and legs chocolate-brown with a few scattered

scales ; tibie short; claw-joint small.

A peculiar narrow species with no obvious ally, but

very like, only a longer outline, Cholus rana (Fab.).

Cholus may be best distinguished from Hilipus by its

anterior coxe not bring contiguous at the base.

Hilipus circulatus. (Pl. IL., fig. 2.)

H. ovatus, niger, opacus, vitta silacea laterali, antice

posticeque confluentibus, instructus; femoribus fortiter

punctatis. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Ucayali.

Ovate, opaque black, a broad regular well-marked

stripe running round the sides of the prothorax and

elytra, and confluent at both extremities, but only ex-

tending to the margin of the elytra at the apex ; rostrum

much shorter than the prothorax, scarcely curved, and

shghtly glossy ; antenne piceous; club as long as the

last five joints of the funicle ; prothorax rather longer

than broad, slightly rounded at the sides, the disk with

a few lightly impressed punctures; scutellum small,

rounded, glossy ; elytra slightly convex, broadly rounded

at the apex, punctures in lines, very minute; body

beneath and legs rather glossy ; femora coarsely punc-

tured ; claw-joint moderate, two basal joints narrowly

triangular.

This species may be compared to H. tricolor (Ol.), and

H. medioxinus, Boh., but differs from both in seulpture ;

there are several other species (velamen, crocopelmus,

lactarius), but none have the stripes confluent.

Hilipus hipporhinoides.

H. subellipticus, piceo-fuscus, squamulis silaceis valde

aspersis, instructus ; elytris striato-punctatis, interstitiis

alternis clavatis, rubidis, granulatis, apice singulorum

rotundatis. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Columbia.

_Subelliptic, pitchy brown, with minute scattered

silaceous scales; rostrum moderately curved, longer

—_

76 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

than the prothorax, sparingly punctured ; antenne ferru-

ginous, two basal joints of the funicle rather elongate, the

rest gradually shorter; club slightly longer than the last

four joints together; eyes approximate, large, somewhat

reniform ; prothorax rather broader than long, narrowed

at the base and apex, fully rounded at the sides, punc-

tured anteriorly, elsewhere covered with large granules,

each with a puncture at the top, the intervals setulose ;

scutellum oblong, densely covered with silaceous scales ;

elytra broadest behind the middle, contracted posteriorly,

each rounded at the apex, preapical callus almost obso-

lete, striate-punctate, alternate interstices raised, reddish,

and having a closely set row of mammilliform granules

each with a single puncture posteriorly ; body beneath and

legs with scattered setulose scales; claw-joint small.

Prima facie this species bears a strong resemblance to

Hipporhinus caffer (Thunb.), an African form ; it has also

a certain affinity with H. wnguiculatus, Guér., but, inter

alia, that species has a punctured—not granulate—

prothorax.

Hilipus contumax. (Pl. L., fig. 3.)

H. late ovatus, subsilaceo-squamosus, supra granu-

latus, prothorace utrinque, elytrisque plaga triangulari

ab humerum usque fere ad callum apicalem extensa,

lete fuscis notatis. Long. 8 lin.

Hab. Chamicuros.

Broadly ovate, granulate above, with silaceous or

brownish scales, sides of the prothorax and a large

triangular patch on the elytra extending from the shoulder

to the apical callus, rich dark brown, bounded by a nar-

row line of silaceous; rostrum blackish brown, nearly

straight, half as long again as the prothorax; antenne

piceous, club nearly as long as the funicle; eyes sub-

approximate ; prothorax rather broader than long,

rounded at the sides, sparingly granular on the disk ;

scutellum scutiform ; elytra convex, broad at the base,

only slightly rounded to the preapical callus, the apex

beyond narrowly rounded, irregularly granulate above,

the intervals coarsely punctured ; body beneath and legs

pitchy brown ; claw-joint nearly as long as the rest of the

tarsal joints together.

This species is perhaps best approximated to H. belli-

cosus (Hbst.), but the elytra are more curved, stouter,

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 77

entire at the apex; the prothorax narrower, with few

and smaller granules, &c.

Hilipus cratosomoides.

H. breviusculus, validus, niger, squamulis obscure

gilaceis adspersus, supra granulis numerosis nitidis

instructus; antennis articulis duobus basalibus eequalibus ;

prothorace haud carinato; elytris subcordatis, apice

rotundatis. Long. 8 lin.

Hab. Cayenne.

Shortly ovate, black, with numerous glossy granules

above, and minute dull silaceous scales in the intervals ;

rostrum much longer than the prothorax, dull black,

obsoletely punctured; antenne ferruginous; the two

basal joints of the funicle moderately elongate, the

remainder shorter, and of nearly equal length ; club

rather stout; eyes approximate ; prothorax scarcely

broader than long, contracted anteriorly, parallel on the

sides from the middle, oranules small, scattered ;

scutellum scutiform ; elytra subcordate, very broad at

the base, irregularly convex, preapical callus moderately

prominent, striate-punctate, punctures small, granules

glossy, irregularly scattered, larger than those on the

prothorax, each with a puncture on the top; body

beneath and legs dull black with silaceous scales chiefly

at the sides.

This fine species resembles Cratosomus dumosus, Boh.

It has broader and shorter elytra than is usual in this

genus.

Hilipus severus.

H. sat late ovatus, niger, squamulis silaceis plus

minusye indutus, supra tuberculatus ; rostro tenuato,

prothorace fere duplo longiori; clava antennarum

longiuscula, integra ; prothorace utrinque pone apicem

depresso. Long. 7 lin.

Hab. Parana.

Rather broadly ovate, black, with more or less scat-

tered silaceous scales; rostrum slender, nearly twice

as long as the prothorax, slightly curved, and closely

punctured on its basal half, the scrobes commencing at

the middle; antenne pitchy, club entire, nearly as

long as the funicle, first two joints of the latter short,

the rest very transverse; eyes subapproximate ; pro-

78 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

thorax broader than long, a depression behind the apex

divided by a longitudinal elevation, the sides fully

rounded and tuberculate, a few tubercles also on the

disk ; scutellum triangular; elytra broadest at the base,

irregular above and tuberculate, tubercles scattered,

varying in size, the larger ones conical and with a

puncture on the top, the intervals punctured, preapical

callus prominent ; body beneath and legs with dispersed

hair-like scales.

This species, compared with H. echinatus, Boh., offers

a remarkable discrepancy in the relative length of the

club of the antenne ; in this the club—which shows no

trace of being jointed—is nearly as long as the funicle,

in the latter it is not longer than the last three joints

together. In other respects the length of the rostrum

and the median commencement of the scales are

strongly-marked characters.

Hilipus diversus.

H. obovatus, niger, supra tuberculis nonnullis in-

structus, interstitius squamuls fusco-silaceis dense tec-

tus; funiculo antennarum breviusculo, articulo ultimo

transverso. Long. 5 lin.

Hab. Parana.

Very near H. retusus, Boh., but uniformly coloured,

a smaller prothorax with fewer tubercles, the elytra at the

base more convex and more rounded at the sides, and

much less expanded at the declivity above the apex; the

funicle is much shorter than the scape, and the last joint

is markedly transverse ; the club is nearly as long as the

last five joints together.

Hilipus austerus.

H. subovatus, obscure nigrescens, supra granulis

tuberculisque instructus, interstitiis sparse griseo-squa-

mosis ; rostro longiuseulo, cylindrico, perparum arcuato,

elytris subparallelis. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Parana.

Subovate or rather oblong, dull blackish, above granu-

late and tuberculate, the intervals with minute greyish,

intermixed with whitish, scales; rostrum cylindrical,

much longer than the prothorax, very slightly curved ;

antenne pitchy; funicle short, two basal joints short,

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 79

the rest very short, club as long as the last five together ;

eyes lateral ; prothorax rather broader than long, well

rounded at the sides, contracted at the base, granules

scarcely glossy, scattered ; scutellum scutiform ; elytra

slightly convex, somewhat depressed in the middle,

rather abruptly declivous towards the apex, the sides

subparallel, substriate-punctate, the interstices mostly

with tubercles, sometimes trenching on the strie, and

intermingled with them a few glossy granules; preapical

callus prominent, behind the callus at the side a dull

brown patch without tubercles or granules ; beneath

numerous long silaceous scales, on the legs slender

dispersed hairs ; claw-joint short.

A longer and more parallel form than H. echinatus,

Boh., and remarkable for its short funicle.

FHilipus aspredo.

H. sat late ovatus, niger, squamulis silaceis plagiatim

varius, supra tuberculatus ; rostro modice tenuato ; clava

antennarum haud elongata, articulata ; prothorace minus

tuberculato, apice paulo producto. Long. 63 lin.

Hab. Brazil.

This species is nearly allied to the last, but is shorter

and stouter, and marked with large patches of silaceous

scales ; the rostrum is shorter, the basal half not very

closely punctured ; the antenne with a longer funicle,

and a distinctly-jomted shorter club; the eyes are

smaller; the prothorax less transverse, with fewer

tubercles, some, indeed, little more than granules; the

elytra shorter and more convex, and more abruptly

declivous towards the apex; there is a slight variation of

the tubercles, but probably they vary individually.

One of my specimens is labelled H. signatipennis,

Dej. There is nothing apparently to suggest such a

name.

Hilipus intensus.

H. subellipticus, nigrescens, silaceo-squamosus, supra

eranulatus; elytris plerumque pone medium plaga velu-

tina fusca, albido-marginata, ornatis ; inter oculos sul-

cato; rostro carinato. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Colombia.

Subelliptic, blackish, with approximate silaceous scales,

above granulate; elytra with a large irregular brown

80 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

velvety spot at the side (most of which is behind the

middle) bordered with whitish; rostrum cylindrical,

longer than the prothorax, slightly curved, the base with

five carine, separated by a reticulate puncturation ;

between the eyes a triangular groove, the eyes approxi-

mating in front but not beneath ; ; antennie pitchy, funicle

elongate, the last joint only transverse; club shortly

ovate ; prothorax subtransverse, moderately narrowed at

the apex, granules irregular, a few nearly contiguous ;

scutellum scutiform ; elytra slightly convex, the sides to

behind the middle nearly parallel, oranules irregular in

size and position, each with a pale seta directed back-

ward, the intervals with here and there a puncture,

velvet patches approximating at the suture ; body beneath

and legs dark brown, with scattered silaceous scales ;

claw-joint ferruginous.

In appearance this species closely resembles H. ocel-

latus (F'ab.), but it is at once distinguished by its carinate

rostrum ; the same character will also distinguish it,

inter alia, from H,. Faldermanni, Boh.

Filipus grammicus.

H. oblongo-ovatus, subsilaceo-squamosus, prothorace

utrinque elytrisque in medio plaga fusca, oblique irregu-

lari, notatis ; prothorace angusto, basi constricto ; elytris

convexis, granulatis, basi bituberosis. Long. 5 lin.

Hab. EKga; Ucayali.

Oblong-ovate, with pale silaceous and brownish scales,

and glossy scattered granules, stripe on each side of the

prothorax and on the elytra a large obliquely irregular

patch on each side rather behind the middle, but not

extending to the margin, ofa rich brown colour; rostrum

rather shorter than the prothorax, nearly straight, two

nearly obsolete carine at the base; antenne pitchy, club

nearly as long as the funicle ; eyes not approximate in

front ; prothorax comparatively narrow, contracted at

the base, sides slightly rounded; scutellum scutiform ;

elytra convex, slightly narrowing behind, at the base

of each a well-marked tuber crowned with three or four

eranules ; body beneath and legs with scattered silaceous

scales ; tarsi rather short.

Allied to H. jocosus, Boh., but with a longer pro-

thorax, a shorter funicle, more scattered tubercles, and

a somewhat different coloration, the patch on the elytra

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 81

being directed backwards and terminating just above

the callus. A specimen from Ucayali, in Bartlett's

collection, only differs in its darker, or rather, brown

coloration. I have H. jocosus from Chontales and from

Brazil.

Hilipus obesulus.

H. breviusculus, nigro-fuscus, squamulis angustatis

fulvis adspersus; elytris amplhatis, lateribus subparal-

lelis, granulis transyersis instructis; rostro longiusculo.

Long. 54 lin.

Hab. Rio Janeiro.

Rather short, everywhere dark brown, with sparse

narrow fulvous scales ; rostrum rather long, very slightly

curved, punctured ; antenne clossy ferruginous ; second

joint of the funicle rather longer than the first, the rest

oblong, third and fourth nearly equal in length, club not

longer than the last three ; eyes subapproximate ; pro-

thorax broader than long, much narrowed at the apex,

not contracted at the base, the sides rounded, in the

middle two transverse rows of granules, the intervals

smooth; scutellum scutiform, a longitudinal line of

fulvous scales in the middle; elytra much broader than

the prothorax, very convex, substriate-punctate, punc-

tures small, the interstices flat, with from three to five

transverse granules on all except the first, preapical callus

prominent, the apex round ; claw-joint ferruginous, tips

of the claws black.

The scattered scales only serve to give a paler brownish

hue to this dull-looking species, which is allied to

H. polycoccus, Boh.; this last species, however, has, inter

alia, a short, thickish rostrum, a scrobiculate prothorax,

and is a much narrower form.

Hilipus caliginosus.

H. oblongus, supra inequalis, niger, granulatus,

squamulis angustis griseis sat sparse tectus; tibiis

anterioribus intus in medio spina valida armatis. Long.

7 lin.

Hab. Cayenne.

Oblong, unequal or irregular above, black, head and

lees light chestnut-brown, numerous small clossy

oranules, the intervals covered with narrow greyish

scales : rostrum not longer than the prothorax, closely

TRANS. ENT. soc, 1881.—parT I. (APRIL). M

82 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

and irregularly punctured at the base with numerous

transverse greyish sete ; antenne chestnut, two basal

joints of the funicle short, fourth to the seventh trans-

verse, club as long as the last four together ; eyes lateral ;

prothorax broader than long, tubular at the apex, well

rounded at the sides, and slightly contracted at the base,

carinate, granules not crowded; scutellum scutiform ;

elytra broadest at the base, very slightly convex, rounded

at the apex, granules very irregular, crowded at the base

into a short raised line, elsewhere dispersed, but in rows

at the sides, on each elytron at about the middie a some-

what abraded space forming a dark triangular patch,

preapical callus prominent; body beneath glossy black

with long grey scattered setule; legs stout; fore tibie

armed on the inner edge with a sharp spine.

I know of no Hilipus with which to compare this

species, which rather reminds one of a Solenopus. It is

the H. caliginosus of Dejean’s Catalogue. The remark-

able spines on the anterior tibiz may be only a sexual

character.

Hilipus vappa. (Pl. IL., fig. 4.)

H. oblongo-ovatus, piceo-fuscus, supra confertim

eranulatus, interstitiis parce aureo-squamosis; capite

inter oculos foveato, rostro basi carinato et grosse punc-

tato. Long. 5 ln.

Hab. Sarayacu.

Oblong-ovate, dark pitchy brown, with numerous

eranules above, the intervals with rich golden scales, the

elytra behind the middle with a triangular scaleless

patch, beneath and legs with long whitish setule ;

rostrum longer than the prothorax, curved, carinate and

coarsely punctured at the base; between the eyes a well-

marked depression ; antenne pitchy ; first jomt of the

funicle stouter and rather longer than the second, the

remainder transverse; club nearly as long as_ the

funicle; prothorax subconical, not much . contracted

anteriorly, the sides smooth and glossy, granules large,

not extending to the apex; scutellum oblong; elytra

moderately convex, the sides very slightly rounded, pre-

apical callus prominent, the apex narrowly rounded,

granules occasionally confluent and masking the punc-

tures except posteriorly, scales in parts confluent,

forming short irregular transverse lines and spots (on

the prothorax two lines on each side of the disk).

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 83

A very distinct species, and noticeable for its short

funicle. In general outline it perhaps resembles to a

certain extent H. Ziegleri, Boh.

Hilipus scabrosus.

H. ovatus, niger nitidus; prothorace elytrisque esqua-

mosis, tuberculis mammilliformibus confertim instructis.

Long. 54 lin.

Hab. Colombia.

Ovate, shining black, prothorax and elytra without

scales, covered with closely set mammiliform tubercles,

each mostly with a puncture at the top, those on the

latter largest; rostrum not larger than the prothorax,

slightly curved, finely punctured, scrobes commencing

near the apex; antenne ferruginous, first two joints of

funicle moderately elongate, the four following monili-

form, the last transverse; eyes lateral, shortly ovate ;

prothorax transverse, rounded at the sides, the tubercles

flattish ; scutellum transversely triangular; elytra not

much broader than the prothorax at the base, thence

gradually broader to near the apex, irregularly tuber-

culate, tubercles more or less united, generally in a

transverse direction, several with a puncture at the top,

the intervals pitted or punctured; body beneath shining

black, without scales; legs with a reddish tinge.

Apparently an isolated species, which should probably

form a distinct genus; at first sight it might be taken for

a Cherrus. I have adopted M. Buquet’s MS. name.

Hilipus indutus. (Pl. IL., fig. 3.)

H. oblongo-ovatus, niger, supra squamositate grise-

scente dense tectus, granulisque setigeris adspersus ;

prothorace subcylindrico; elytris postice latioribus, et

subito declivibus, super apicem tuberculis duobus seti-

geris obsitu. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Maceas.

Oblong-ovate, black, closely covered above with a

greenish grey squamosity, and with several small

granules, each bearing a stiff black seta; rostrum

shorter than the prothorax, gradually broader towards

the apex, striolated and roughly punctured anteriorly ;

antenne ferruginous; funicle rather short; the club as

long as the last five joints together ; eyes rather distant

84 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

in front; prothorax subcylindrical, the sides slightly

rounded, the apex a little narrower than the base,

eranules, owing to the squamosity, not very apparent,

scutellum triangular; elytra a little broader than the

prothorax at the base, but gradually increasing in

breadth posteriorly, abruptly declivous at the apex,

shoulders rounded, two small tubercles at the base and

two prominent ones above the apex, the latter covered

with stiff sete; body beneath and legs with silaceous

scales; legs rather short.

In general outline like H. retusus, Boh., but with a

dense, somewhat crustaceous, squamosity, in which the

sranules are almost imbedded, striolated rostrum, and

other characters.

Hilipus depictus. (PI. I., fig. 1.)

H. ellipticus, ater, vittis arcuatis silaceis, ornatus ;

rostro tenuiore, curvato; prothorace conico, in medio

linea nitida elevata, instructo. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Sarayacu.

Elliptic, intensely black, with lines of silaceous scales,

more or less curved, on the prothorax and elytra;

rostrum glossy, very slender, curved, not dilated at the

apex, the base with a slightly elevated median line;

antenne pitchy, inserted behind the middle ; first two

joints of the funicle somewhat elongate; club obovate,

rather short ; eyes moderately approximate ; prothorax

conic, rather longer than broad, a narrow glossy very

distinct elevated line in the middle, the disk on each

side with a slightly curved silaceous stripe, and an oblong

spot in front of the anterior cox; scutellum round,

clossy; elytra subcordate, apex rounded, substriate-

punctate, the punctures coarse, approximate, first three

interstices with a few glossy granules, a silaceous stripe

curving inwards at the shoulder, and another curving

outwards at the apex; body beneath and legs with large

scattered punctures, each enclosing a narrow silaceous

scale; femora rather slender; claw-joint elongated.

This species has an unusually slender rostrum for its

cenus, and is also remarkable for its coloration, and the

peculiar line on the prothorax.

and its Neo-T'ropical Allies. 85

Hilipus catenatus. (PI. I., fig. £.)

H. oblongus, niger, nitidus, femora in medio lutea;

fronte, prothorace elytrisque lineis conjunctis flavis, bene

determinatis, ornatis; rostro quinque-carinato. Long.

6 lin.

Hab. Maeas.

Oblong, glossy black ; femora, except at the base and

apex, luteous; front, prothorax and elytra with very dis-

tinct lines of yellow scales between the eyes, and on the

front two lines united in the middle, the lines on the

sides of the prothorax forming a broad triangle with the

apex downwards, and those on the elytra at the side a

lozenge-shaped figure before the middle joined by a

looped pedicel to a transverse line at the base, and from

just behind the middle to the apex a figure resembling

the numeral 8; rostrum rather stout, narrower in the

middle, the basal two-thirds with five well-marked

carine, and a smaller and less distinct carina on each

side of the central one; antenne black, the scape paler

or pitchy, the second joint of the funicle half as long

again as the first; the club nearly as long as the. last

five joints together; eyes lateral; prothorax broader

than long, a few fine punctures anteriorly; scutellum

rounded, inclining to cordate; elytra subcuneiform,

broadest at the base, moderately convex, seriate-punc-

tate, preapical callus not prominent, the apex rounded ;

body beneath glossy black without scales; penultimate

joint of the tarsi broadly bilobed.

The form, rostrum, disposition of the yellow lines,

which may be compared to the links of a chain, and

other characters, at once differentiate this species. It

is, however, closely allied to H. mysticus, ante p. 67.

Hilipus galeotes.

H. breviter ellipticus, fuscus, supra tuberculis plurimis

nitide nigris adspersus, interstitiis squamulis subauran-

tiacis dense tectis; elytris subcordatis, apicibus paulo

divaricatis. Long. 7 lin.

Hab. Sarayacu.

Shortly ovate, dark brown, above with several glossy

black conical tubercules—varying in size—irregularly

scattered, the intervals closely covered with dull orange-

86 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

coloured setulose scales; rostrum much longer than the

prothorax, slightly curved, closely punctured at the base,

the intervals granuliform; eyes not approximate ;

antenn pitchy ; second joint of the funicle twice as long

as the first, the rest pyriform and gradually shorter to

the sixth ; club a. little longer than the last three joints

together ; prothorax rather broader than long, the sides

moderately rounded and a little contracted at the base,

an oblong tubercle in the middle, with smaller ones

towards the sides and behind; scutellum subscutiform ;

elytra subcordate, very broad at the base, substriate-

punctate, punctures mostly masked by the scales, pre-

apical callus not prominent, the apices slightly divari-

cate; body beneath and legs glossy brown, with

numerous minute scales.

A stout species like H. cratosomoides, ante p. 77, but

tuberculate, not granulate, and, inter alia, an unusually

long rostrum, and the second joint of the funicle twice

as long as the first.

Hilipus monitor.

H. sat late ovatus, niger, squamulis silaceis approxi-

matis vestitus, supra tuberculis majoribus et minoribus

plurimis instructus; rostro elongato; elytris basi haud

depressis, in medio singulorum obscure fusco-notatis.

Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Ucayali.

Rather broadly ovate, black, coverd with approximate

silaceous scales, with numerous larger and smaller

tubercles above, the elytra with an indefinite brown

triangular patch ; rostrum elongate, slightly stouter

towards the apex; antenne ferruginous, second joint of

the funicle nearly twice as long as the first : prothorax

well rounded at the sides, the disk with several glossy

tubercles, and three narrow elevated ones just before the

middle, the intervals between these concave; scutellum

triangular; elytra rather short, broadest at the base,

convex, several large and small tubercles on the back,

the former mostly confined to the base and middle, be-

hind the latter position the elytra is slightly depressed

and marked with a semilunar blotch, preapical callus

prominent, ending in a glossy point, the apex broadly

rounded ; body beneath and legs as in the preceding spe-

cies, but the last abdominal segment coarsely punctured.

and its Neo-T'ropical Allies. 87

Allied to H. tuberculatus, Boh., but stouter and more

convex, the preapical callus not tuberculate, the apex

itself broadly rounded, &c.

FTilipus stellio.

H. sat late ovatus, niger, squamulis griseis adspersus,

supra tuberculis raris instructus; rostro modice elongato ;

elytris basi depressis, in medio plaga laterali fusca

notatis. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Para.

Rather broadly ovate, black, with small greyish seat-

tered scales, sparingly tuberculate above, elytra with a

dark brown indefinite patch on each side at about the

middle; rostrum of moderate length, gradually stouter

towards the apex; antenne ferruginous; funicle rather

elongate; club as long as the last four together; pro-

thorax subtransverse, rounded at the sides, the disk with

a few small transverse and three larger tubercles, the

intervals between the latter depressed ; scutellum oblong,

triangular; elytra rather short, broadest at the base,

depressed and slightly concave to near the middle, where

it is bounded on each side by an oblique elevation fol-

lowed by a dark brown triangular patch, preapical callus

sharply tuberculate ; body beneath and legs with minute

scattered hair-like scales; last segment of abdomen

finely punctured.

Among the tuberculate species of Hilipus this is, inter

ala, differentiated by the sculpture of the prothorax.

Flilipus exustus.

H. subellipticus, nigrescens, supra granulatus, griseo

vel silaceo-squamosus ; prothorace lateribus fuscis ; ely-

tris plaga fusca velutina semicirculari in medio notatis ;

rostro sat breviusculo, perparum arcuato. Long. 8 lin.

Hab. Colombia.

Subelliptic, blackish, with numerous small glossy

black granules above, the intervals thinly covered with

narrow greyish or silaceous scales, the sides of the pro-

thorax brown, on the elytra at about the middle a dark

brown velvet-like semicircular patch ; rostrum not longer

than the prothorax, cylindrical, very slightly curved,

rather finely punctured at the base and on the forehead;

antenne brown; second joint of the funicle rather longer

88 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

than the last four joints together; eyes subapproximate ;

prothorax broader than long, narrowed at the apex, the

sides well-rounded and closely granulate, the granules

less crowded on the disk; seutellum seutiform : elytra

much broader than the prothorax at the base, thence

gradually narrowing to the apex, slightly convex, striate-

punctate, each interstice with a row of fine glossy black

granules, which are more dispersed towards the apex,

preapical callus prominent; body beneath and legs

black, somewhat glossy, with scattered white hairs.

Allied to the preceding, but with a shorter and stouter

rostrum, the elytra more convex, narrower behind, the

patch confined ‘to the middle, 7. ¢., not extending to the

base, or to the external margin.

FHilipus expletus.

H. subellipticus, niger, squamulis silaceis sat dense

tectus ; prothorace elytrisque sparse granulatis, lateri-

bus fuscia ; rostro subtenue, elongato, parum arcuato.

Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Chamicuros.

Subelliptic, black, rather closely covered above with

silaceous scales, darker on the middle of the prothorax

and base of the elytra, the sides dark brown, rising on

the elytra towards the suture at about the middle, and

forming a broadly triangular patch; rostrum pitchy,

long, somewhat slender , very slightly curved, finely punc-

tured, the scrobes commencing before the middle ; eyes

approximate; antenne pitchy ; second joint of the

funicle half as long again as the first, the last four joints

ovate and together nearly as long as the club; prothorax

broader than long, the sides well rounded; scutellum

narrowly cordate; elytra slightly concave along the

suture, the sides very slightly rounded, preapical callus

prominent, the apex narrowly rounded; body beneath

and lees with scattered silaceous scales.

The coloration is after the style of H. contwnax, but it

is a much narrower species, less convex, with a more

slender rostrum, longer funicle, &c. There is a slight

mucro on the inner angle of the tibize.

Hilipus molestus.

H. breviter ellipticus, niger, tuberculis granulisque

sat parce instructus, interstitiis plus minusve griseis ;

and its Neo-T'ropical Alles. 89

rostro longiusculo, subcylindrico, leviter punctato. Long.

54 lin.

Hab. Amazon (Kga ?).

Shortly elliptical, black, with tubercles and granules

not very closely set, the intervals with more or less

greyish scales, denser at the sides ; rostrum rather longer

than the prothorax, glossy black, subcylindrical, but a

little broader at the apex; antenne pitchy; funicle

elongate, second joint half as long again as the first,

third and fourth equal, each about the length of the

first, the last three equal in length and breadth ; club

elongate- -ovate; eyes large, nearly round, subapproxi-

mate ; prothorax rather broader than long, rounded at

the sides, disk in the middle with about a dozen trans-

verse granules, at the sides the granules round and more

crowded ; scutellum narrowly scutiform ; elytra broadest

at the basal part, gradually tapering posteriorly, slightly

convex, seriate-punctate, third interstice with three conic

tuber cles, a similar tubercle on the preapical callus, rest

of the elytra with granules or small tubercles, crowded

on the shoulders, scattered elsewhere; body beneath

black with dispersed slender scales; legs pitchy, rather

elongate.

Allied to H. echinatus, but with fewer and larger

tubercles, more glossy, with fewer and rounder scales.

Hilipus cynicus.

H. subellipticus, nigro-fuscus, setulis silaceis vestitus,

prothorace elytrisque confertim granulatis, illo disco linea

silacea curvato laterali, his singulatim in medio macula

magna fusca, intus silaceo-marginata, ornatis, apicibus

divaricatis ; rostro fere recto. Long. 8 lin.

Hab. Chontales.

Subelliptic, blackish brown, closely granulate above,

the intervals with silaceous setulae, prothorax with a

curved line on each side of the disk, and each elytron on

about the middle with a large dark brown spot having a

silaceous margin towards the suture; rostrum not longer

than the prothorax, nearly straight, carinated and closely

punctured at the base; between the eyes an elliptic

smooth space; antenne pitchy; second joint of the

funicle half as long again as the first; club as long as

the last five joints together, elliptic; prothorax as long

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—paRT I, (APRIL.) N

90 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

as broad, narrower at the base, sides fully rounded ;

scutellum convex, round; elytra substriate-punctate,

punctures in parts obsolete, the strize granulate as well

as the interstices, preapical callus rather prominent, the

apices divergent; body beneath and legs glossy brown,

with scattered silaceous setulz ; claw-joint Tong.

In the style of coloration this species resembles H. con-

tumax and others which have a brown patch on the

sides, but the divaricate apices of the elytra and other

characters of form and sculpture leave it without a

near ally.

Hilipus occultus.

H. angustus, piceus, setulis adspersis subsilaceis, et

in plagis ivregularibus condensatis, vestitus ; rostro in-

crassato quinque-carinato; antennis ad apicem rostri

insertis; elytris subcuneatis, basi prothorace paulo

angustioribus. Long. 4} lin.

Hab. Chontales.

Narrow, pitchy, with generally scattered setule, but

condensed and forming dingy irregular patches on the

prothorax and elytra ; rostrum stout, curved, tricarinate

at the base and a second inte rmediate pai of carine

towards the apex; antenne apical; second joint of the

funicle more than twice as long as the first, the rest ob-

long; eyes approximate ; prothorax rather broader than

long, the sides parallel posteriorly, a fine carina—but not

extending to the base—with coarse punctures, the inter-

vals granuliform, on each side of it, ocular lobes produced ;

seutellum cordate; elytra moderately convex, gradually

narrowing from the base, the latter very little broader

than the prothorax, the shoulders nearly obsolete, striate-

punctate, the interstices closely granulate, preapical

callus moderately prominent; a few setule on the body

beneath and on the legs; tibiew, especially the anterior

pair, fluted or grooved; tarsi ferruginous.

A small dull-looking species remarkable, inter alia, for

its cuneiform elytra and fluted tibiz. Another genus in

the future.

Hilipus prionurus. (Pl. 1, fig. 2.)

H. anguste ellipticus, niger nitidus, prothorace utrin-

que vitta ely trisque maculis numerosis silaceo- -squamosis,

his apicem versus serratis, apice seipso producto-acu-

minatis, rostro breviusculo, quadricarinato. Long. 6 lin.

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 91

Hab. Colombia.

Narrowly elliptical, glossy black, prothorax with a

stripe on each side of the disk and the elytra with

numerous spots composed of small silaceous scales, sides

of the prothorax and of the body beneath closely covered

by similar scales; rostrum rather stout, slightly curved,

on each side two oblique carine, scrobes subapical ;

antenne pitchy ; second joint of the funicle nearly twice

as long again as the first, the rest gradually shorter, the

last four transverse, club short; prothorax broader than

long, the sides slightly rounded, minutely punctured and

somewhat corrugated or granulate behind; scutellum

transverse ; elytra a little broader than the prothorax at

the base, slightly convex, the sides moderately rounded,

produced and pointed at the apex (the margins of which

are serrated), substriate-punctate, the intervals corru-

gated, preapical callus almost obsolete; legs pitchy black;

tarsi covered with greyish hairs.

From the description, H. acutissimus, Boh., would

seem to be nearly allied to this species, only that it is

nearly double the length, and nothing is said about the

remarkable serrature of the apical portion of the elytra.

Hilipus miliaris.

H. ellipticus, nigrescens, subnitidus, supra squamulis

latiusculis albis maculatim dispositus; elytris apice pro-

ductis, acute-acuminatis; rostro septem-carinato. Long.

hlinz

Hab. Cayenne.

Elliptic, blackish, slightly glossy, with scattered

minute narrow scales above, and, chiefly on the elytra,

numerous white specks formed by the aggregation of

small round scales; rostrum a little longer than the pro-

thorax, slightly curved near the apex where the antenn

are inserted, with seven distinct elevated lines or carine ;

antenne ferruginous, scape longer than the funicle and

club together ; second joint of the latter twice as long as

the first, and as long as the three following together ;

prothorax conical, slightly rounded at the sides, some-

what closely and finely punctured, the intervals granuli-

form; scutellum subquadrate ; elytra moderately convex,

shoulders obtusely rounded, basal half parallel at the

sides, the apex drawn out and sharply acuminate, striate-

92 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

punctate, punctures large, approximate, interstices nar-

row and irregular; body beneath and legs rather closely

covered with silaceous scales; posterior coxe widely

apart; tibize elongate.

This species ranks with H. scapha, Boh., H. mortuus,

Thoms., and others with pointed elytra; its leading

peculiarity is the seven-lined rostrum.

Hilipus paradoxus.

H. ovatus, rufo-piceus, elytris fulvo-maculatis ; rostro

longissimo; pedibus, femorum dimidio apicali nigro

exceptis, fulvis; dente femorum extus crenato. Long.

5 lin.

Hab. Cayenne.

Ovate, reddish pitchy, elytra with numerous spots of

fulvous scales, head and rostrum fulvous, the latter nearly

as long as the whole insect, slender, curved, finely punc-

tured, scrobe commencing near the middle; eyes nearly

round, approximate; antenne slender, first joint of the

funicle half as long again as the second, third to the

sixth gradually shorter ; club ienecoliie: prothorax

slightly broader than long, rounded at the sides, rugosely

punctate in the middle, some of the punctures filled with

fulvous scales, a narrow smooth longitudinal line ante-

riorly; scutellum scutiform; elytra convex, seriate-

punctate, punctures approximate, preapical callus not

prominent, the apex rounded; body beneath and legs

fulvous, distal half of the femora black, outer margin

of the tooth crenate; tarsi broad, fringed ; claw-joint

small.

An isolated species, with a long rostrum, round eyes,

and the femoral tooth crenate or denticulate on the

external margin, as in Prionomerus; it should probably

form a distinct genus.

SyPHORBUS.

Rostrum yalidum, paulo arcuatum; scrobes oblique.

Antenne articulo ultimo funiculi discreto. Oculi sub-

frontales. Prothorax transyersus, apice constrictus, basi

bisinuatus, infra profunde emarginatus. LHlytra ampla,

elevata, Bani subrecta, prothorace latiora. Pedes bre-

viusculi; femora clavata, infra dente armata; tibie

breves bisinuate, apice bimucronate; tarsi latiusculi ;

ungues liberi. Abdomen segmentis duobus basalibus

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 93

haud ampliatis. Hpimera mesothoracica paulo ascen-

dentes.

A remarkable species, which I have with the unpub-

lished name of Hilipus Leprieuri,* Buq., is the sole

representative of this genus. The principal characters

separating it from Hilipus are the bimucronate tibie (the

fringe of stiff hairs running partially along the convexity

of the outer mucro as in many Hilipoda), and the

partially ascending mesothoracic epimera; in general

appearance it is very different from any member of that

genus. The deep emargination of the propectus extends

nearly to the anterior cotyloid cavities.

Syphorbus turgidus. (Pl. IL., fig. 5.)

S. late ovatus, crassus, niger, squamulis albis sila-

ceisque variegatus, elytra pone medium fascia flexuosa

nigra ornata; supra granulis nitidis adspersus; pro-

thorace transversim tricalloso. Long. 9 lin.

Hab. Cayenne.

Broadly ovate, stout, black, closely covered above with

small, mostly silaceous, scales, but varied with white,

the sides of the prothorax, scutellar region, and a

flexuous band behind the middle of the elytra, black;

rostrum much shorter than the prothorax, a slight carina

with a short depression on each side, the scrobes

beginning just before the middle; antenne closely

covered with silaceous hairs; funicle with the two basal

joints equal, the third about half as long as one of them,

the four last lenticular, and together a little longer than

the club; eyes nearly round; prothorax transverse, the

apex tubular, the portion behind more than twice as

broad as long, with three calluses on its anterior border,

the intermediate one slightly carinated, a curved whitish

band across the middle, granules few and mostly basal ;

scutellum elongate-triangular, rising, with the elytra,

* Since a well-known entomologist named a_ butterfly in

“honour” of the lender of a pill-box to its captor I have given up

the practice; hence I have not adopted M. Buquet’s name. Still,

however, I may not give it up altogether. Many of the persons

so honoured in the last generation or two are now unknown.

Mr. Adam White’s: Zopherosis Georgii has doubtless been an

enigma,—for he never published an explanation,—but as he in-

formed me, it was intended to compliment George Gray and George

Waterhouse, two naturalists not likely to be soon forgotten,

94 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

abruptly from the base, the latter very irregular, broadest

at the base, shoulders prominent, striate- -punctate, inter-

stices with a line of more or less distant granules, behind

the flexuous black band silaceous spotted with white,

each elytron with a bulging out behind the shoulders,

and close to the outer margin a well-marked preapical

callus, another just behind the middle and nearer the

suture, the apices rounded; body beneath and legs mostly

covered with ochraceous scales.

ByzeEs.

Oculi rotundati. Tibie apice bimucronate. Ceteris

ut in Hilipodo.

A comparatively small species, peculiar as to form and

coloration, which, from the two characters mentioned

above, could not be suffered to remain in Hilipus.

Byzes sciureus. (PI. IL., fig. 7.)

B. obovatus, rufo-castaneus, supra granulatus, inter-

vallis squamosis, prothorace linea laterali, elytrisque

fasciis duabus arcuatis albidis ornatis, his basi prothorace

haud multo latioribus. Long. 43 lin.

Hab. Colombia.

Obovate, reddish chesnut, above with several small

clossy granules, the intervals covered with greyish

silaceous seales, disk of the prothorax on each side with

a narrow stripe, and the elytra with two slender curved

bands of yellowish scales, the one just before the other

considerably behind the middle, the two bands separated

by a broad darker brown band; rostrum as long as the

prothorax, finely punctured ; antenne brownish ferru-

ginous; second joint of the funicle scarcely longer than

the first, the rest transverse; eyes nearly round ; pro-

thorax oblong, moderately narrowed at the apex, the

sides rounded, granules transverse, scarcely crowded ;

sceutellum cordate ; elytra rather short, scarcely broader

than the prothorax, their greatest breadth posteriorly,

striate-punctate, interstices ‘with somewhat approximate

black glossy round granules; body beneath dark brown,

sterna and sides of the first abdominal segment cover ed

with greyish scales; femora stout, dark brown; tibie

short, ferruginous-brown, the apex bimucronate,

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 9

Bacrrivs.

Characteres ut in Hilopodo, sed femora mutica, et

tibie antice flexuose, omnes haud mucronate, intus

multidentate.

Other characters might probably be adduced, but

seeing how uncertain is their value generically it is

better to omit them until a congener be discovered ; the

two here given may be considered absolute ; the cha-

racter of the tibie distinguishing it from Plethes, which

has the bisinuate and mucronate tibie of Hilipus. The

two individuals in my collection differ considerably in

size, the largest being probably the male. The habit is

peculiar, but reminds one in a sheht degree of Lophotus

vitulus (Fab.)

Bactrius lophotoides. (Pl. I1., fig. 9—side view.)

B. oblongus, umbrinus, silaceo-squamosus, setulis

nigris adspersus; prothorace apice elevato, bituberculato.

Long. 33—5¢ lin.

Hab. Espiritu Santo.

Oblong, umber-brown, with round approximate sila-

ceous scales, and scattered black setulae; rostrum rather

shorter than the prothorax, stout and nearly straight,

with three carine in front; antenne ferruginous; first

joint of the funicle longer than the second and third,

the second a little longer, the three following elongate-

turbinate, the last nearly as long as the third; the club

scarcely longer than the last two together; eyes lateral,

acuminate below; prothorax oblong, broadest anteriorly,

the base truncate, the apex elevated, and having two

erect approximate tubercles topped with stiff black

scales ; scutellum rounded ; elytra a little broader than

the prothorax at the base, gradually rising posteriorly

into a slight gibbosity, then. descending abruptly to the

acuminate apex, the sides slightly rounded, serlate-

punctate, punctures rather large, each with a white

scale in the centre; body beneath and legs more or less

scaly and setulose ; the last segment of the abdomen

long and narrow.

96 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

ARNITICUS.

Scrobes apicales vel subapicales, rostro infra antice

paulo dilatato. Tibie@ submucronate, mucrone _hori-

zontali, haud curvato. Ceteris fere ut in Hilipodo.

The rostrum in this genus is so dilated beneath as to

show the scrobes about half their length when viewed

from above; this character occurs, although rarely, in

Hilipus, at least as the genus now stands. The mucro,

however, at the apex of the tibiz is a more important

character, but which is also shared by the next genus,

from which it may be distinguished by its normal elytra.

The type is Hilipus gladiator of M. Jekel’s MS. The

second species differs structurally in the scrobes com-

mencing a little further away from the apex of the

rostrum. dA. brevicollis has a shorter prothorax and

longer elytra in proportion.

Arniticus gladiator. (PI. L., fig. 8.)

A. ovatus, fuseus, setulis fulvis sat dense tectus,

plagis pallidioribus variegatus, supra granulatus ; elytris

convexis, striato-punctatis, interstitiis et sutura ad

apicem, elevatis; rostro basi striolate. Long. 8 lin.

Hab. Brazil.

Ovate, dark brown, rather closely covered with fulvous

setulose scales, the disk of the prothorax at the sides

with an oblong patch, each elytron with a smaller one

near the shoulder, and a large cordate one—common to

both elytra, and enclosing a lozenge-shaped fulvous spot—

posteriorly and nearly touching the apex, pale silaceous,

but whitish towards the margins; rostrum much longer

than the prothorax, slightly curved, finely striated at

the base, and punctured; a small but very deep fovea

between the eyes, the latter somewhat reniform; an-

tenne brown; second joint of the funicle twice as long

as the first; club only a little longer than the last three

together; prothorax transverse, well rounded at the

sides, a slightly elevated line in the middle, granules

small, and in the middle of the disk rather crowded ;

scutellum oblong-cordate; elytra rather broad, a little

incurved at the sides, abruptly convex from the base,

but less so posteriorly, striate-punctate, punctures

minute, interstices sharply raised, each bearing a row of

small glossy granules less in size and number on the

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 97

posterior half, but the sutural margin throughout with

larger uniform granules, and towards the apex elevated

or ridged, the apex itself rounded, preapical callus

moderately prominent; body beneath and legs with

numerous minute narrow silaceous scales.

Armiticus gibbosus.

A. latiusculus, subellipticus, niger, squamulis silaceis

sat confertim instructus ; prothorace brevi, leviter granu-

lato, elytris in medio gibbosis, striato-punctatis, inter-

stitiis irrregulariter granulatis, postice singulatim plaga

albida notatis. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Brazil.

Rather broad, subelliptic, black, with glossy granules

above, the intervals closely covered with silaceous

scales ; rostrum longer than the prothorax, somewhat

robust, scarcely curved, coarsely punctured at the base ;

antenne rather long, the second joint of the funicle three

times as long as the first, the rest gradually shorter,

club not longer than the last four together ; eyes shortly

ovate; prothorax nearly twice as broad as long, con-

tracted at the apex, the side well rounded, numerous

small glossy granules irregularly scattered on the disk,

few or none at the sides, in the middle a short raised line;

scutellum narrowly triangular, covered with white

scales; elytra broader than the prothorax, shoulders

and sides rounded to the apex, convex to the middle,

then gradually depressed to near the apex, when it again

rises between the two preapical calluses, striate-punc-

tate, the alternate interstices raised into an irregular

ridge of sloping granules, each generally having one or

occasionally two white scales at the base posteriorly, the

other interstices with a few normal granules mostly con-

fined to the anterior half; body beneath and legs with

narrow silaceous scales; tarsi rather dilated ; claw-joint

small.

A peculiar species ; in some respects, especially in the

shortness of the prothorax, approaching A. brevicollis;

without, however, claiming too close an affinity, I think

it may well stand as a congener of the above.

Arniticus brevicollis.

A. oblongus, piceus, squamulis angustatis silaceis

indutus; elytris modice convexis, pone medium macula

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART I, (APRIL.) 0)

98 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

obliqua albida notatis; prothorace brevi, carinato, apice

tubulato ; rostro basi rugoso-punctato. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Morro Velho.

Oblong, pitchy, with minute narrow greyish or sila-

ceous scales, an oblique whitish spot towards the apex of

each elytron; rostrum of moderate length, nearly

straight, very roughly punctate, the scrobes commencing

near the apex; antenne pitchy; first two joints of the

funicle rather elongate, especially the second, the rest

short, the last four transverse, but, together, as long as

the club; prothorax nearly twice as broad as long, the

apex much contracted and tubular, closely punctured,

the intervals granuliform, a slender glossy raised line or

carina in the middle; scutellum scutiform, densely

covered with white scales; elytra moderately convex,

parallel at the sides, broadly rounded at the apex,

striate-punctate, punctures approximate, the interstices

slightly raised and having a granuliform appearance,

preapical callus not prominent; legs rather short.

CH@RIUS.

Elytra planata, lateribus abrupte declivibus, czteris

fere ut in Hilipodo, sed scrobes apicales, dorsum rostri

incipientes. Jilie fere recte, apice submucronate,

mucrone horizontali, haud curvato.

In this genus the commencement of the scrobes is

above, not at the sides of the rostrum. The tibie are

somewhat peculiar, the mucro at the apex is attached

for the greater part of its length within the corbel of the

tibia, not proceeding directly from the outer angle only,

and is not curved; on the inner side the apex is bor-

dered by a row of stiff hairs, from which the mucro is

free. The type is without beauty, and might possibly

be thought to be comparable to a gigantic Bagous.

Cherius squalidus.

C. oblongus, obscure niger, supra squamositate grisea

interrupte vestitus; elytris regione suturali planatis,

transversim rugosis. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Colombia.

Oblong, dull black, with a greyish interrupted squa-

mosity; rostrum stout, not longer than the prothorax,

slightly curved, a carina from the base to the apex, the

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 99

latter notched on each side; antenne pitchy, second

joint of the funicle half as long again as the first, the

rest rounded and mostly equal in length and breadth ;

club short; eyes lateral, ovate; prothorax markedly

longer than broad, moderately contracted at the apex,

the sides slightly rounded to the middle, coarsely pitted

above, the intervals granuliform, a narrow elevated line

nearly throughout; scutellum cordate; elytra broader

than the prothorax, the sides nearly parallel, flat along

the sutural region, declivous at the apex, sloping towards

the sides and abruptly bent down at the shoulders, the

preapical callus prominent; body beneath and legs with

numerous silaceous scales.

PLETHES.

Characteres ut in Hilipodo sed femora mutica vel sub-

mutica.

There is no character so constant in Hilipus as the

strongly-marked femoral tooth, so that, in so large a

genus, it is a matter of convenience to exclude all species

that do not possess it. There are other characters in

common, but which, having regard to Hilipus, can hardly

be considered of generic importance.

Plethes albolineatus. (Pl. IL., fig. 6.)

P. pyriformis, niger, subnitidus, elytris lineis albo-

squamosis ornatis, apice rotundatis. Long. 8 lin.

Hab. Colombia.

Pear-shaped, black, somewhat glossy, the elytra with

narrow lines of pure white scales; rostrum of moderate

length, slightly curved, gradually broader from the base

to the apex, smooth, finely punctured, scrobes running

beneath ; antenne black ; two basal joints of the funicle

equal, the rest gradually shorter and broader, the last as

broad as the club (of which it looks as if it formed a

part); eyes lateral; prothorax small, subcylindrical,

transverse, abruptly constricted anteriorly; scutellum

subscutiform ; elytra shortly ovate, broadest behind the

middle, punctate-striate, the alternate interstices raised,

smooth; the second, fourth, and sixth (the two latter

joined posteriorly) filled with white scales, the apex

rounded; body beneath and legs smooth, glossy; the

abdominal segments finely punctured.

100 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on the genus Hilipus,

Plethes verrucosus.

P. pyriformis, niger, subnitidus, elytris concoloribus,

verrucis majusculis omnino tectus, apicibus obtuse pro-

ductis. Long. 7 lin.

Hab. Colombia.

Pyriform, black, glossy, elytra entirely black and

covered with large warts or tubercles; rostrum rather

stout, smooth, finely punctured; scrobes and antenne

as in the preceding species; eyes lateral; prothorax

small, transverse, rounded at the sides and granulate,

the disk smooth, abruptly constricted anteriorly ; scutel-

lum subscutiform ; elytra shortly ovate, broadest behind

the middle, entirely and closely covered with large oblong

flattish tubercles arranged in rows, the longitudinal

intervals very narrow with very few punctures, apex of

each elytron produced in a short rounded knob; body

beneath and legs glossy, smooth, the abdominal segments

minutely punctured.

The sculpture alone will at once distinguish this

species from the preceding.

ACALLESTES.

Characteres ut in Hilipodo sed scutellum nullum, et

elytra connata, basi utrinque rotundata. Tibie bimucro-

nate.

At the first glance this Curculionid might readily be

passed over as an Acalles; except, however, in the cha-

racters mentioned above, it could not be well separated

from Hilipus as the genus stands at present. The

straight, not bisinuate, base of the prothorax might also

be cited, were it not that a close approach to this is

made in some of the Hilipoda. The metasternum is

unusually short.

Acallestes talpa. (PI. IL., fig. 8.)

A. obovatus, nigrescens, pallide silaceo-squamosus,

supra granulis nitidis nigris obsitus; elytris striato-

punctatis. Long. 4} lin.

Hab. Colombia.

Obovate, blackish, with round, brownish silaceous

scales, and numerous glossy black granules above, those

on the prothorax with a pale narrow seta at the base

directed forwards, those on the elytra with a similar seta

and its Neo-Tropical Allies. 101

directed backwards; rostrum rather stout, about as long

as the prothorax, clothed with erect silaceous setiform

scales; antenne pitchy; second joint of the funicle

nearly twice as long as the first, the last three trans-

verse; prothorax broader than long, moderately nar-

rowed at the apex, the sides rounded, the base nearly

straight, and narrower than the side, granules scarcely

crowded; elytra convex, rising considerably above the

prothorax, shortly obovate, striate-punctate, interstices

shghtly elevated, each with a row of not very close glossy

black granules; body beneath and legs with narrow

scattered scales; femora stout; tibiz short, bimucronate.

IRENARCHUS.

Rostrum tenuatum, arcuatum ; scrobes laterales. An-

tenne graciles, articulo ultimo funiculi discreto. Oculi

ovati, laterales. Prothorax modice elongatus, basi

bisinuatus, infra profunde emarginatus. Hlytra ovata,

basi projecta, quam prothorace paulo latiora. Femora

sublinearia mutica; tibie fere recte, apice mucronate ;

tarst latiusculi; wngues connati. Metasternwm breve.

Abdomen segmentis duobus basalibus ampliatis.

The deep emargination of the propectus, allowing the

rostrum to lie close to the under surface in repose, would

seem to show an affinity in this genus to some of the

apostasimerous groups. The type isa large and peculiar

insect from Colombia, described by M. James Thomson

under the name of Hilipus fossilis (Arcan. Nat., p. 259.)

TARTARISUS.

Femora incrassata, haud clavata, dente minuto in-

structa. Tibie recte, compresse. Ceteris fere ut in

Hilipodo.

The type of this genus, Hilipus signatipennis, Blanch.,

and H. Hopei, Boh., which is unknown to me, are

especially mentioned by Lacordaire as “ isolated forms,”

which should form distinct genera. The differential

characters of the former are found in the non-clavate

femora and straight compressed tibie.

« 102 )

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PATE) 1.

. Hilipus depictus.

» prionurus.

a contumax.

a catenatus.

mysticus.

5 medullosus.

- vestitus.

. Arniticus gladiator.

13)

—

PAB ew

PLATE II.

. Hilipus spectator.

Pe circulatus.

» wmdutus.

9» vappa.

. Syphorbus turgidus.

. Plethes albolineatus.

. Byzes sciureus.

. Acallestes talpa.

. Bactrius lophotoides.

Fie.

CONANT OY Ee

C.s. Fore tibia and first tarsal joint of Cherius squalidus.

8.t. Ditto, Syphorbus turgidus.

H.c. Ditto, Hilipus catagraphus, Germ. (type of the genus).

A.t. Ditto, Acallestes talpa.

A.g. Ditto, Arniticus gladiator.

B.1. Ditto, Bactriws lophotoides.

(108. )

VI. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Rhynchota

from Madagascar. By W. L. Distant.

|Read March 2nd, 1881.]

Puate III.

Tur following undescribed forms have come into my

possession since I communicated my last paper to the

Society on the Rhynchotal fauna of this Island (Trans.

Ent. Soc., 1879, p. 209), and I was again impressed, as

when working the previous collection, with the some-

what aberrant structural peculiarities of these insects.

The two new genera here described are very distinct and

remarkable in structure compared with the other genera

of the subfamilies to which they belong, whilst species

belonging to African genera form usually distinct sections

of those genera.

HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.

PENTATOMIDA.

PENTATOMIN.

Dalpada subjlava, N. 8.

Luteous, irregularly covered with greenish punctures.

Head somewhat thickly punctate, with the lateral lobes

a little longer than the central. Antenne luteous, with

the second, third, and fourth joints subequal, basal, apex

of third and fourth (excepting base) joints greenish,

fifth mutilated. Pronotum with a strong transverse

impression a little before medium, the lateral angles

acutely subprominent, the lateral margins sinuated about

medium, from whence to apical angles they are obtusely

crenulated. Scutellum and corium with a number of

irregular luteous levigate markings, inconstant in

character and varying in different specimens. Mem-

brane pale hyaline, with the nervures pitchy. Con-

nexivum luteous, with a dark greenish patch on base

and apex of each segmental incisure. Underside of body

and legs pale luteous; prosternum and mesosternum

with a few greenish markings; apices of femora, bases

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART I. (APRIL.)

104 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Descriptions o7

and apices of tibie and tarsi greenish. Margins of

abdomen marked as above. Long. 15 to 18 mm.

Hab. Antananarivo.

This species is allied to D. vittata, Sign., from which

it differs by the length of the lateral lobes of the head,

by the sinuated lateral margins of the pronotum, and

by the different colour of the abdomen beneath. It is a

most inconstant species both in size and colour, the

greenish markings beneath being sometimes almost

obsolete. The levigate markings above are also of a

very variable character; in one specimen there are four

distinct irregular spots on the pronotal transverse im-

pression, in two specimens the basal angles of the

scutellum are also levigate, whilst in a third the apex of

the scutellum is brightly luteous. I have before re-

marked a like inconstancy in an Indian species, D. varia,

Dall. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. iii., p. 48).

Dalpada capitata, n.s. (Pl. IIL., fig. 1.)

Luteous, sparingly and irregularly covered with

greenish punctures, which are most inconstant in hue

in different specimens. Head very long and sub-

triangular, lateral lobes very much longer than central,

with their apices obtuse. Pronotum with a strong trans-

verse impression, the lateral angles subprominent and

subacute, and the lateral margins obtusely denticulated.

Scutellum with the basal angles obscurely levigate, the

apex more or less luteous. Corium with a few obscure

levigate markings, of which the largest, most prominent,

and constant is on disk. Membrane hyaline, with the

nervures pitchy. Abdomen above pitchy, with the apical

segment testaceous ; connexivum luteous, with the apex

of each segmental incisure greenish. Body beneath and

legs luteous, femora spotted and streaked (especially

towards apex), bases and apices of tibix, tarsi, lateral

margins of head, sternum, and abdomen (the last ob-

scurely) greenish. Antenne greenish, with the second

and fourth joits subequal, third shorter (fifth mutilated).

Long. 15 mm.

Hab. Fianarantsoa.

Allied to D. liturifera, Walk., but differs by the great

prolongation of the lateral lobes of the head,

New Genera and Species of Rhynchota. 105

ARTIAZONTES, 0. g.

Body subovate, depressed. Head armed on each side

in front of eyes with long spines; lateral lobes much

longer than central. Antenne five-jointed, simple.

Rostrum moderate, in type reaching intermediate coxe.

Pronotum with the lateral margins strongly spined, the

lateral angles prominent. Scutellum triangular, long,

apex passing base of membrane. Abdomen not sulcated.

This peculiar genus I place next to Phricodus, with

which it agrees in the distinct and remarkable spinous

structure of the head, but differs in having the antennz

five-jointed and simple.

! Artiazontes alatus, n.s. (Pl. IIL., fig. 2.)

Ferrugineous; head, pronotum, and scutellum with a

narrow pale central longitudinal luteous line (obscure on

head). Head with the lateral lobes much longer than the

central, and armed on each side with five strong spines,

two apical and three lateral, central lobe somewhat

indistinctly margined with pitchy; the head is also

obscurely transversely striated. Pronotum somewhat

thickly punctate, and strongly and transversely rugulose,

lateral angles produced into flat processes directed up-

wards and forwards, with the outer margins finely den-

ticulated, lateral pronotal margins very strongly denticu-

lated. Scutellum thickly punctate, somewhat rugulose at

base. Corium thickly punctate. Membrane cinereous,

with the nervures pitchy. Underside of body and legs

somewhat paler than above, femora somewhat spotted

and streaked with pitchy markings, especially towards

apex. Antenne with the second and third joints sub-

equal in length, fourth and fifth also subequal in length,

but longer than second and third, and fuscous at apices.

Rostrum almost reaching intermediate coxe. Long.

11mm. Lat. pronot. angl. 6 mm.

Hab. Fianarantsoa.

TESSARATOMIN.

DELOCEPHALUS, N. g.

Body obovate; head large, subquadrate, central lobe

very small, lateral lobes very much longer, wide, and

meeting together infront. Pronotum deflexed anteriorly,

lateral margins ampliated and angulated at apices.

TRANS. ENT. Soc, 1881,—PaRT I. (APRIL.) P

106 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Descriptions of

Scutellum broad, subtriangular, gradually decreasing in

width for about two-thirds from base, when it is some-

what straightened to apex, which is rounded. Abdomen

extended beyond apical half of corium. Rostrum not

reaching intermediate coxe; antenne five-jointed ;

abdomen and sternum unarmed; tarsi three-jointed.

The large subquadrate head is sufficient to separate

this genus from all the other genera of Tessaratomine ;

its other structural characters ally it to Oncoscelis.

Delocephalus miniatus, n.s. (Pl. IIL., figs. 8, 3 a.)

Red; head, pronotum, and scutellum, finely punctate

and rugulose, corium finely punctate, membrane ochra-

ceous. Body beneath and legs concolorous and finely

punctate. Antenne with the second, third, fourth, and

fifth joints subequal, or second a little shorter; luteous,

apical half of fourth, and the fifth joint piceous. Anterior

margins of pronotum denticulated, lateral margins

ampliated and obtusely angulated anteriorly. Long.

17mm. Max. lat. 11 mm.

REDUVIIDA.

Reduvius bicoloripes, n. s.

Testaceous; head, antenne, rostrum, apices of femora,

tibiw, tarsi, and a transverse fascia near apex of corium,

which is narrowly extended along inner margin of mem-

brane, black. Legs strongly pilose. Pronotum with

the anterior lobe and disk of posterior lobe, centrally

and longitudinally sulcated; membrane extending be-

yond apex of abdomen. Long. 11 mm.

Hab. Antananarivo.

Allied to R. gulosus, Stal, but differs in the colour of

the underside of head and legs. The sulcation of the

posterior lobe of the pronotum does not join that of the

anterior lobe, but is confined to the posterior and discal

portion only.

New Genera and Species of Rhynchota. 107

HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA.

CICADIDA.

Platypleura gigas, n.s. (PI. IIL, figs. 4, 4a.)

$. Closely allied in colour and markings to P. mada-

gascariensis, Dist. Differs by its much larger size, much

broader and more ovate body; tegmina more arched at

base, with the membrana cost very greatly dilated, and

without the central dark spot possessed by the other

species. Drum flaps large, unicolorous, overlapping at

centre, and covering the first and lateral portions of

second abdominal segment. Long.34mm. Exp. tegm.

122 mm.

Drum flaps not covering first ab-

dominal segment . . P. madagascariensis.

Drum flaps covering first and

lateral portions of second ab-

dominal segment ’ «, 2. gigas.

FULGORIDA.

FLATINA.

Flatodes dealbatus, n.s. (Pl. IIL., figs. 5, 5a.)

@. Pale ochraceous; tegmina above concolorous,

with a large central cretaceous spot, narrowly, obscurely

and irregularly margined and spotted with fuscous ;

membrana coste with a pale greenish white levigate

spot at the base of inner margin; posterior discal

portion, excluding outer margin fuscous, with irregular

cretaceous markings. Tegmina beneath suffused with

cretaceous. Wings obscure hyaline, with the nervules

darker. Underside of body and legs concolorous. Head

long, apex suberect with the angles rounded ; above con-

cave, with a distinct spine midway on each lateral

margin, tegmina twice as long as broad; rostrum passing

posterior cox; posterior tibiz with two distinct spines

of which the apices are fuscous. Long. body, including

anal append., 17 mm. Long. tegmina (unexpanded),

20mm. Lat. tegmina (together), 20 mm.

This species, both in size and markings, is quite

distinct from any other with which I am acquainted

either by personal examination or description, and is the

largest of the genus yet described from Madagascar.

cue 3

EXPLANATION OF PuateE III.

Fie. 1. Dalpada capitata.

2. Artiazontes alatus.

3, 8a. Delocephalus miniatus.

4, 4a. Platyplewra gigas.

5, 5a. Flatoides dealbatus.

( - 109, )

VII. On the habits and affinities of the Hymenopterous

genus Scleroderma, with descriptions of new species.

By Sir Srpney Surrx Saunpers, C.M.G.

[Read November 8rd, 1880. ]

At the last meeting of this Society I exhibited a series of

specimens of a new species of Scleroderma, which had

emerged from a compact mass of delicate white cocoons

occupying a portion of the empty cell of a Raphiglossa—

one of the solitary wasps—which had constructed its

larval receptacles in a desiccated briar recently obtained

from Epirus. These Scleroderme were developed in

September last from ova of the previous year, the briar

having been cut and forwarded in the preceding month

of December; and, in relating the following particulars

of their habits and economy, I avail myself of the

occasion to offer some remarks on the affinities of

the genus, which have long been the subject of con-

troversy.

The circumstance of finding this brood in such a

locality would seem to indicate that the parent Sclero-

derma must have deposited her ova in the caterpillars

stored in this cell by the original constructor for her

own progeny ; and that, in ike manner, those which are

found in houses—bringing themselves disagreeably to

notice by their stinging propensities—may find a suitable

domicile in the cells of Odynert perforating the posts of

verandahs, &e., and providing a similar nutriment for

their larve. Mr. Haliday, however, took several speci-

mens of both sexes of a Scleroderma in a chamber where

Attagenus Pellio abounded in the mattrasses stuffed with

the husks of Indian corn; and on another occasion he

found a swarm of the former between the sheets of

a bed upon the sofa of a house at Lucca, probably

stuffed, as he conceived, with hair or wool infested by

the latter. (Thes. Ent. Oxon., p.170; Hal. in litt.)

The Scleroderme, found alive on the present occasion,

were closely congregated about their cocoons, having

probably remained unnoticed for several days; and

prominent among them was one furnished with elongate

TRANS. ENT. SOc. 1881.—pPaRT I. (APRIL.)

110 Sir S. S. Saunders on the habits and affinities

opaque white wings, extending beyond the extremity of

the abdomen, quiescent like the others.

It could searcely be doubted that, among upwards of

twenty specimens, both sexes would be represented ; this

winged individual, furnished with three ocelli towards

the base of the head (which none of the others possessed),

being presumably the male, as corresponding with the

alary and ocellated characters of that sex. In other

respects, however, this specimen exhibited a general

similarity to the apterous females, the abdomen coin-

ciding therewith in structural details ; so that, notwith-

standing the remarkable circumstance of the absence of

any male, this was only an abnormally developed female

invested with some of the prerogatives of both sexes;

nor is this a solitary instance of such an anomaly, for

Professor Westwood, in his crowning work, the ‘Thesaurus

Entomologicus Oxoniensis,’ has recorded the circum-

stance that Mr. Thwaites had sent him ‘“‘a species from

Ceylon, the female of which has wings” (p. 170). I

should add that no such discarded appendages were

found in the cell, but a considerable number of very

minute smooth white elongate-oval particles, of uniform

size and shape, were dispersed about the interior, these

being readily soluble, and apparently constituting the

fecal deposits of the larvee during the period of nutri-

tion.

As regards the males, these might have been developed

later from the remaining cocoons, wherein certain imma-

ture individuals were found, as subsequently adverted to,

which might possibly have supplied the void had not

these receptacles been molested for internal investigation.

The fact of these females having been obtained from

a briar-cell of the previous year, while allowing some

latitude for climacteric retardation in the sequel, serves

to indicate that this was the ordimary summer brood,

and that no other could intervene between these females

and their posterity of a corresponding period, their

transformations having extended over more than twelve

months, namely, from July or August of the one year to

September of the next. I have, however, met with

several females of this species hybernating in the snags

of fig trees, which might obtain an earlier habitat for

their progeny, and enable the latter to complete their

metamorphoses within a shorter period. Thus the

Pelopeéus spirifex sometimes emerges from larval-cells of

of the Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 111

the same year, while others remain in the pupal stage

until the following season. So also with the Cryptus

parasitic thereon ; and a remarkable instance of similar

incongruity has been recorded by the late Mr. F. Smith

in Osmia parietina (Cat. Brit. Bees, 2nd edition, 1876,

p. 150).

Having several miscellaneous species of living larve

from the same locality, I placed a variety of these at the

disposal of the Scleroderme, together with other tempting

baits (having first secured the winged specimen), all

being neglected alike. Three of the brood, which sur-

vived longer than the rest, had been fumigated with

sulphur, together with others, and subsequently sub-

merged in water during a whole night, but they resusci-

tated on the morrow. ‘They were then treated with

cyanide of potassium for some time; after which one

again revived when expanded and gummed on a card.

In a few of the cocoons (four or five) the adult larve,

or immature pup, were found as compressed yellow

erubs, tapering at each extremity; and in two instances

certain worm-like bodies, of a translucent piceous hue,

exhibiting a somewhat segmental character, were pro-

truding from the anal apex of these grubs, others of like

nature being extracted singly from various cocoons whose

inmates had quitted their domicile; the former being

apparently the meconium which adult larve are accus-

tomed to emit on the termination of the feeding stage.

The true males of Scleroderma were long undeter-

mined, although Professor Westwood described two

species, considered as such, in his monograph of this

genus, published in the second volume of our Trans-

actions (1887, p. 164), one of which he also figured

(pl. xv., fig. 12) ; but in his ‘ Thesaurus’ (1874) he com-

pletes the diagnosis of the genus from my specimens of

a@ new species in the Hopeian Museum at Oxford, the

veining of whose wings in the male corresponds with

that of the winged female of S. ephippiwm. The two

sexes of S. cylindrica were also figured by the late

Mr. F. Smith from my specimens in the British Museum

(B. M. Catal., part 8, 1855; Pl. m. fig, 2 3, fig. 3 2),

although the veining of the wings is very inadequately

defined in the absence of an enlarged figure thereof.

The affinities of Scleroderma to the Proctotrupide,

suggested in Prof. Westwood’s aforesaid monograph, are

supported by the ascertained economy of this species, as

112. Sir 8. S. Saunders on the habits and affinities

congregating to form their cocoons in a collective series ;

for, when treating of this family in his incomparable

‘Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects,’ he

mentions that ‘‘in a few instances which have fallen under

my observation, the pupe are enclosed in a cocoon”’; and

that a species figured by DeGeer was ‘‘reared from minute

cocoons attached together side by side”’ (vol. il., p. 170).

In some of the genera, moreover (Ceraphron, Diapria,

Gonatopus, &c.), the females are in hke manner apterous ;

and those which Nees von Esenbeck has comprised in

his subfamily Dryinei are considered by this author to

have their ovipositor ‘‘converted into a true sting”

(ibid. 169, 172), as exemplified also in Scleroderma, whose

oviduct accurately corresponds with Latreille’s description

of that of the Proctotrupii in his ‘Genera &e.’ (iv. 33),

where he observes that this organ, ‘‘ ex abdominis apice

extimo prodiens, his retractilis, valvulis duabus tubum

efficientibus, terebram proprie dictam et acicularem

vaginantibus.”’ Professor Westwood also remarks that

in Scleroderma ‘‘ the structure of the antenne and ovi-

positor has not the appearance of those of a strictly

aculeate Hymenopterous insect, as Myrmecodes or

Methoca, whilst the generally small size of the Sclero-

derme is in favour of their relation with the Procto-

trupde.” (Monogr. p. 165).

Shuckard, in his Monograph of the ‘ Dorylide’ (Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. v. 1840, p. 263, note), disputes the

aforesaid affinity, referring this genus ‘‘to the solitary

Heterogyna,” there being, as he conceived, ‘‘ every pro-

bability that what is usually considered as the Myzine of

Latreille are the true males of Scleroderma”; while

citing the circumstance of having received from me

specimens of both these genera taken in Greece, as if

tending to support such an hypothesis!

Latreille, in his ‘Genera &e.’, also places Scleroderma

among his ‘ Mutillarie’ as a section of Methoca, ?,

although the antenne of the former are 13-jointed in

both sexes, and those of the latter 12-jointed in the

female.

Jurine, in figuring the female Methoca under the name

of Mutilla formicaria, speaks of this as “un individu

rémarquable, 1° parceque ce n’est pas une femelle de

Mutilla, puisqu’il a sur la téte les trois petits yeux,” &c.

(Hym., vol. i., p. 266). He also observes, with reference

to the presence or the absence of these ocelli in the

of the Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 113

respective sexes of Mutilla :—‘‘ Quel a été le but de la

nature en établissant de tels disparates, et quelle en est

Putilité 2 Ce sont de ces problemes que nous ne pouyons

pas résoudre, a cause de notre ignorance sur l’histoire de

ces insectes, mais qui meéritent bien de fixer l’attention

des naturalistes”’ (p. 265).

It would seem, however, from the evidence now afforded,

that the exceptional acquisition of ocelli and wings

in certain females of Scleroderma, normally destitute of

both, can only be ascribed to peculiar alimentary advan-

tages derived by such gifted individuals during their

earlier stages, thus promoting the development of obso-

lete functional endowments by the superabundance of

nerve-power available to this effect; whereas, under

ordinary circumstances, the habitual superfluity of such

adjuncts in the economy of the females has involved an

hereditary tendency to their absorption and abortion, as in

the well known instances of the eyes of cave-insects, the

membranous wings of many Coleoptera, and other corre-

sponding examples of morphotic divergencies in the ocelli

and wings among the Chalcidide, the neuters of ants, &e.

It is furthermore observable that, so far as hitherto

exemplified, the presence of wings in either sex of

Scleroderma invariably imples the co-existence of ocelh,

though these aresometimes unaccompanied by the former,

the primary exuberance of expansive energy being mani-

fested in correlation with the latter.

Walker, in his ‘Notes on Chaleidie,’ adverts to the

supposed analogy between Scleroderma and the Agaonide,

‘‘ dwellers in figs” (p. 59), as suggested by Dr. Coquerel

in the ‘ Revue de Zoologie ’ (ser. 2, vol. vil. p. 366) ; the

fact, however, being that the apterous individuals of the

latter, to which this analogy is ascribed, are males having

winged partners, whereas the converse is the case in the

former. According to Walker ‘‘ Scleroderma has no near

affinity with the Bethylide”’ (Proctotrupide, pars); but,

as he conceived, ‘‘ it has some resemblance to the female

Australian and South American Thynni,” and ‘“‘ seems

to have more affinity with T'yphlopone, the worker of

Labidus, and with Dichthadia glaberrima,* the supposed

female of Dorylus.”

** This large, blind, apterous female has been recently obtained

in South Africa from a nest of small eyeless ants (Anomma, Sm.),

as related by Mr. Roland Trimen in our Proceedings (1880,

pp. xxiv. and xxxiii.)

TRANS. ENT. SOC, 1881,—PART I. (APRIL.) Q

all

114 Sir S. S. Saunders on the habits and affinities

In importing T'yphlopone into this discussion, Walker

loses sight of the analogy suggested by Dr. Coquerel

(loc. cit. p. 425) as regards this ‘‘ blind ant” described by

Professor Westwood,* which Coquerel considers allied to

his eyeless Apocrypta and Sycocrypta ; while in the latter

(and not in T'yphlopone) he traces a partial resemblance

to Scleroderma with ample eyes, his Sycocrypta having

8-jointed antenne and no palpi, with ventricose basal

segments to the abdomen, and being also of a different

sex as aforesaid, both being equally irreconcilable with

Typhlopone and Dichthadia.

When, however, among the repudiated Proctotrupide,

already more or less corresponding with Scleroderma in

structural details and economy, a large array of genera

and species, including several with apterous females,

coincides therewith in having 13-jointed antennz in both

sexes, as described by Professor Westwood, and figured

in three elaborate folio plates of his ‘ Thesaurus’ (xxix.,

Xxx., and xxxi.), the natural affinities of this genus with

the aforesaid group, thus constituting the subfamily

Epyridest proper, would seem to be incontestably

established by these several connecting links.

I append a description of the species which has given

rise to these remarks, together with that of two others

taken by me in Epirus; and of a third in the British

Museum, recently transmitted by the Rev. Thomas Black-

burn from the Hawauan Islands.

Scleroderma ephippium, n. 8.

?. Caput subquadratum, nigro-piceum, facie flava.

Mandibule flave, apice nigrescentes, tridentate, dentibus

duobus majusculis oblique positis, subacutis, tertio infra

parvulo. Oculi compositi magni nigri. Ocelli obsoleti.

Antenne flavee, capite dimidio longiores; scapo elongato

recurvo, apice sensim largiore; articulo 2° breviore

obconico ; reliquis parvis, magnitudine paulatim cres-

centibus, longitudine latitudine cozqualibus, extimo

* Introd. Mod. Clas. &e., ii., pp. 218 note, 219, and 226, figs. 16, 17,

18, 19, 20, §, 1840; Ann. Nat. Hist., vi., pp. 81, 87, October, 1841,

plate 2, fig. 1, and details; Shuckard, Ann. Nat. Hist., v., p. 262,

June, 1840.

+ The genus Bethylus, Latr. (Omalus, Jur.), has been restricted

by Professor Westwood ‘ to the flat-headed species which have the

hind basal cell of the fore wings shorter than the front one, and

which have 12-jointed antennie ” (loc. cit. p. 156).

of the Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 115

precedente dimidio longiore, apice conico. Thorax

flavus, plus minusve obfuscatus, mesonoto antice lateri-

busque fuscis. Ale obsolete. Pedes graciles, femoribus

tibiisque medio fuscis, basi apiceque pallidis, COXIS

tarsisque flavis. Abdomen nigro-piceum, nitidum, elon-

gato-ovale; oviductus cea paullulum prodientibus,

externe nigris, terebra, aciculariformi in lsdem retractili,

longa, tenuissima, arcuata, flavescente, valida, munitum.

Long. corp. 2331 mm.

Fomine alate unice, a sociis aliter haud distinguende,

alarum diagnosis.

Ale elongate, abdomine longiores, pellucide, flaccide,

albescentes, nitide, ciliate, cellulis duabus basalibus

venisque flavis instructe: ale antice costa tenuissima

picea; vena postcostali apice lobo brevi crasso, stigma

versus sed illud non attingente, antice projecto ; stiomate

parvo, subquadrato, insulato luteo; vena media basali

satis conspicua, apice cum postcostali oblique conjuncta ;

vena transverso-media retro ante analem abrupte trun-

cata, apice dilatata; vena anali basi incrassata, ultra

transverso-mediam subtilissime producta: ale postice

venis duabus abbreviatis, basi robustis coalitis, munite.

Long. corp. 3} mm. Exp. alar. antic. 833 mm.

Hab. In Epiro rubis exsiccatis intra Kumenidarum

cellulas in quibus proles educatur; necnon in Corcyra

ficus ramis siccis hibernans.

In Mus. Britann., Hopeiano Oxonie, et nostro.

Scleroderma gracilis, n. 8.

Luteo-fulva, nitida, capite elongato, disco bivittato ;

oculis parvis nigris vix compositis; antennis brevibus

tenuibus, flavescentibus ; thorace antice valde attenuato,

postice capite paulum angustiore, dimidio longiore,

femoribus luteo-flavis, tibiis tarsisque pallidioribus ; ab-

domine capitis thoracisque longitudine coequah. Ocelli

aleeque obsoleti. Long. corp. 8 mm.

(An hujus speciei?) Alatus, ocellatus, rufo-fulvus,

nitidus, capite fusco, tarsis pallidis, alis hyalinis, venis

flavis basi infuscatis. Caput mediocre, subrotundatum,

antice productum, ore flavo, oculis compositis magnis

rotundis argentatis, ocellis tribus albidis. Thorax gibbus

elongatus antice attenuatus, mesonoto capite paullum

latiore, metanoto tenuiore. Abdomen thoracis dimidio

vix longius, mesonoto parum latius, postice fuscescente.

Long. corp. 24 mm. Exp. alar. antic. 4} mm.

116 Sir$.S. Saunders on the genus Scleroderma, &e.

Hab. Montibus apud Zagori in Epiro, mense Augusto

domi mas foeeminaque semel lecti.

In Mus. nostro.

Scleroderma concinna, 0. 8.

3g. Alatus, ocellatus, omnino fulvyo-flavus, nitidus ;

capite parvo, subrotundato, oculis magnis vix com-

positis nigris, ocellis hyalinis, antennis gracillimis, articu-

lorum externe angulis anticis prominulis, macula elongata

frontali inter antennas nigra; thorace valde elongato,

capitis abdominisque latitudine coquali, antice pos-

ticeque attenuato; alis fuliginosis venis flavis basi infus-

catis; abdomine brevi, tenui, elongato-ovali, dimidio

apicali paululum obscuriore. Long. corp.2 mm. Exp.

alar. antic. 33 mm.

Hab. Prevese in Epiro, domi die 27 Julu, 1846,

semel cepl.

In Mus. nostro.

Scleroderma Polynesialis, n. s.

2. Scleroderme picee, Westw., aftinis sed gracilior,

antennis tarsisque brevioribus ; picea, unicolor, punctu-

latissima, abdomine valde elongato, thoracis latitudine

fere cosquali, segmentorum basalium quatuor margine

postico luteo-flavo. Ocelli alzeque obsoleti. Long. corp.

32 mm.

Hab. Haleakale, in insula Hawauana Maui dicta,

ad altitudinem pedum 4000, inter folia sicca, a Dom. T.

Blackburn lecta.

In Mus. Britannico.

(ai ALi)

VILL. Observations on the Hymenopterous genus Sclero-

derma, Klug, and some allied groups. By J. O.

Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &e.

[Read March 2nd, 1881. |

THe interesting memoir of Sir Sidney $. Saunders,

making us clearly acquainted, for the first time, with the

parasitic economy of the genus Scleroderma, together

with a careful examination of the various microscopical

preparations which that gentleman has made of the more

important organs of both sexes, as exhibited in a new

species of the genus, have enabled me to clear up some

errors which had crept into my monograph of the genus

read forty-five years ago, and published in the second

volume of our ‘ Transactions.’ It has also afforded me

an opportunity of adding to our knowledge of the species,

some of which are highly interesting in a physiological

point of view; to the descriptions of which I have added

the characters of some other allied insects, the morpho-

logical characters of which, on the confines of the

Heterogynous Aculeata, and some of the most aberrant

groups of the Entomophagous Terebrantia, render them

especial objects of the attention of the systematic

hymenopterist.

In the characters which I gave of the genus (Trans. Ent.

Soc. u., 164), an unfortunate typographical error occurs

respecting the number of joints in the antenne of the

females, which are therein stated to be ‘‘ 10-articulate ”’

instead of 13-articulate. This is the more unfortunate

as the number of joints in the antenne of the Procto-

trupide constitutes one of the most important characters

of the genera. In the figures however accompanying

my monograph, these organs are correctly represented

as 13-jointed (Plate XV., fig. 10a and 11 bd). A certain

amount of modification must also be made in the

description of the mandibles, as will be shown in a later

paragraph of the present paper, where also a minute

account of the structure of the oviduct and its appendages

is given, and the venation of the wings illustrated.

The most important correction which requires to be

made in my monograph has reference to the descriptions

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PART I. (APRIL.)

118 Prof. Westwood’s Observations on the

of the two insects which I had then but little doubt were

the male Scleroderme; the antenne of these insects

were described as ‘‘ 12-articulate,” and they are so repre-

sented in Plate XV., fig. 12a. These two insects, de-

scribed by me under the names of ‘“ Scleroderma ?

fuscicornis”’ and ‘ Scleroderma? fulvicornis,’ are now

ascertained not to be males of this genus; whilst the

real males are now perfectly known, having been taken

both by the late A. H. Haliday and Sir Sidney Saunders,

the latter of whom communicated to me both sexes of a

new species from Albania, which I figured in my ‘ The-

saurus Entomologicus,’ Plate XXXI., fig. 138, male,

fig. 14, female, where I gave a fresh generic synopsis in

which the characters of the male are introduced. It is

now evident that two at least of the small winged insects

collected by Sir S. Saunders, referred to in the latter

part of my monograph (p. 171), with 13-jointed antenne,

large ocelli, and without any radial branch to the upper

wings (having only the basal cells of the genus E:pyris),

were male Scleroderme.

The antenne of the male of Scleroderma cylindrica are

represented in Plate LV., fig. 12, and those of S. ephippium,

female, in Plate LV., fig. 6. They are 13-jointed in both

sexes, those of the male being longer and more slender

and filiform, and those of the female shorter, with the

flagellum more clavate. ‘The mandibles are elongate-

conical, terminated by three sharp teeth, which are not

quite on the same plane, and the back of the mandible

has a deep groove which reaches nearly to the large

terminal tooth. The mandibles of S. ¢ phippium are

represented in different points of view in Plate IV.,

figs. 1, 2,3 and 4. The lower parts of the mouth are

small and weak, the maxille being scarcely larger than

the labium and its parts. The maxillary palpi are 5- and

the labial palpi 3-jomted (Plate IV., fig. 5, from S. ephip-

pin). The legs are of moderate length, the anterior

tibie with a small curved acute spur on ‘the inside of the

extremity ; the tarsi 5-jointed, the basal joint in the fore

leg with a semicircular incision on the inside, which

is “brought into conjunction with the curved spur of the

tibize (PL. IV., fig. 7). The tarsi are terminated by a

rather large puly ‘illus and two strong but slender alte

(fig. 8). The ovipositor of the female of S. ephippium

and its various parts are represented in Pl. IV., figs.

9,10 and 17. These consist of the normal component

Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 119

parts, namely, the two outer sheaths (fig. 9 a, a, which

appear to be coalesced along the greater portion of their

length, and a*a* the same more magnified), and the

ovipositor proper composed of its two spicule (fig. dd),

dilated, much curved at their bases (figs. 9 b, 10 b), which

are capable of protrusion from the extremity of the tubular

horny terebra (fig. c), but which are retained from being

too much protruded, by the two muscular angulated dila-

tations (fig. ff.) In fig. 9 these organs are laterally

compressed, the ovipositor being thrown out of its usual

position, when its tip (fig. d) is generally seen at rest

between the extremities of the two outer sheaths (fig. a a).

In fig. 10 the parts of the ovipositor itself are vertically

compressed, the recurved bases of the spicule (fig. ¢),

with their muscular angulated lobe or catch (fig. ff), being

represented as flattened. By strong protrusion of the

spicule beyond the extremity of the terebra, the curved

basal portions of the former are straightened, and brought

forward to the base of the terebra, where their dilated

angular form prevents them from further protrusion.

The parts marked e,e in fig. 10 are the membranous

plates connecting the base of the spiculz and of the tere-

bra itself with the interior of the abdomen. Fig. 17 repre-

sents the extremity of the abdomen of a female in which

the spicule have been protruded unequally in dying.

The external organs of generation of the males of

Scleroderma (Plate V., fig. 8, from S. cylindrica, male)

are very complicated, and as they are generally more

or less exserted, may be mistaken for those of the female

without a careful examination. They consist of two

acute but very slender chitinous central parts or blades,

the extremities of which are very thin and incurved; and

two broad composite lateral pieces each with a broad

simple stipes and four terminal lobes, two of which are

setose at the tips, and one at least more rigid than the

other parts.

The wings of the males in this genus are fringed with

fine hairs, and are almost destitute of veins, which are

confined to the base of the anterior pair (Plate IV., fig. 11,

basal portion of the wings of S. ephippium) ; they have

a short subcostal vein, a shorter median or discoidal

one united to the former at its extremity by an oblique

vein, which is continued at an angle backwards into the

disk of the wing; there is also a nearly obsolete subanal

vein, of which the base is thickened, and there is an

120 Prof. Westwood’s Observations on the

inerassated spot separated from the extremity of the

subcostal vein by a very short clear space, which repre-

sents the stigma of the ordinary hymenopterous wing.

In S. vigilans the extremity of the subcostal vein

appears to be continuous with the stigmal spot (Plate V.,

fig. 8a), and in S. JWollastonii (Plate V., fig. 2 a) , the

median or discoidal vein simply forms a closed cell with

the subcostal, and does not emit a spur or branch back-

wards into the disk of the wing.

The legs in this genus are comparatively slender and

simple, not exhibiting any of the strong series of spines

found in the fossorial Hymenoptera

Some of the species of this genus ‘exhibit a remarkable

instance of dimorphism and even trimorphism in the

females, some of which are furnished with certain of the

characteristics of the opposite sex. Sir 8. 8. Saunders,

in addition to the ordinary female of S. ephippium,

destitute of wings and of ocelli, found one agreeing in the

general form of the body with the females, but possessing

the fully-developed wings and ocelli of the male. - Re-

membering the diversity in the size of the heads of

different individuals among some of the species of ants,

I was curious to ascertain how far this character was to

be found in these different individuals. Their heads

were therefore drawn of a large size by the camera

lucida, which were then carefully reduced by measure-

ment, when it appeared that the heads of the normal

females were slightly longer than wide, whereas the head

of the winged and ocellated female was considerably

broader than long, although its length agreed very nearly

with that of the normal female. Their relative pro-

portions may be expressed by the following figures :—

LONG. WIDE.

Head of normal female without

wings or ocelli_. : Pony 75

Head of female with wings Eat ocelli 78 90

-~]

These measurements may be contrasted with those of

the normal male and female of S. cylindrica from Prevesa,

drawn to the same seale :—

LONG, WIDE.

That of the winged and ocellated

male being i PioaGl 60

That of the wingless ale Beane

lated female being J : ist: OF 78

Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 121

The anomaly is carried still further in the Ceylonese

S. vigilans, of which I have only seen two female speci-

mens, one of which had fully-developed wings and ocelli

(Pl. V., fig. 8), whilst the other was wingless, but

possessed ocelli (Pl. V., fig. 4). But the anomalous

characters of the genus are not confined to the females,

since Sir §. 8. Saunders captured a wingless male,

provided with slender antenne and with three large

ocelli, but entirely destitute. of wings. (Plate V., fig. 7).

The curious objects observed by Sir 8. 8. Saunders,

extruding from the bodies of the insects on undergoing

their transformations, and which at first sight appeared

like some Entozoon or parasitic larva, were submitted by

me to Mr. W. H. Jackson, M.A., F.L.S., one of the

demonstrators in the physiological and comparative

anatomical department of the Oxford Museum, who has

made the Entozoa an especial object of study, and he

has favoured me with the following memorandum, in

conjunction with his fellow demonstrator, Mr. Algernon

P. Thomas, B.A. :—

“The worm-like bodies submitted to us by Professor

Westwood possess the following characters :—They are

brownish in colour, translucent, and fairly smooth in the

dried condition. Careful examination in a bright lght

showed traces of segmentation. In one of the specimens

there are contained bubbles of air or some gas. We

soaked one specimen in glycerine and water, and then

examined it by reflected and by transmitted light, and

by both combined. It showed no trace of internal

organisation. There were few granules present, and

it appeared to consist of irregular masses agglomerated

together. We believe, consequently, that these worm-like

bodies are not organisms at all, but more probably are

excrementitious in their nature.”

In addition to the species of Scleroderma enumerated

in my monograph (Trans. Ent. Soc. u.), the following

have to be added to the genus :— -

Scleroderma bicolor. (Plate V., fig. 1).

Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., vol. v., p. 77.

“§. capite thoraceque rufo-testaceis, abdomine nigro

nitido.

*““?., The head oblong, rufo-piceous, smooth and shin-

ing, the antenne and legs pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—paRT I. (APRIL.) R

122, Prof. Westwood’s Observations on the

pale ferruginous, with the metathorax flavo-testaceous.

Abdomen smooth, shining black. Length 1} line.”

Hab. Makassar. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie (olim

Saunders). (Wallace, No. 35).

Plate V., fig. 1, female magnified. 1a, the mandible ;

16, maxilla, with 5-jointed palpus; 1c, labium and

8-jointed labial palpi; 1d, antenna, 138-jointed, 2nd

joint much larger than the 3rd and several succeeding

joints; 1 e, fore tibia and basal joints of tarsus.

Scleroderma ruficornis.

Lucas, Ins. Algerie, p. 322. Plate XV., fig. 8.

Hab. Oran; under stones.

The hind legs seem to be incorrectly delineated.

Scleroderma Sidneyana.

Westw. Thes. Ent., p. 170, Plate XXXI., fig. 13,

male ; fig. 14, female.

Hab. Albania. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie (olim nostr.,

Dom. S. Sidney Saunders amicé communicata).

Scleroderma ephippium. (Plate 1V., figs. 1—11.)

S. S. Saunders, ante p. 114.

Hab. Epirus.

Scleroderma gracilis.

S. S. Saunders, ante p. 115.

Hab. Gagori, Epirus.

Scleroderma concinna.

S. S. Saunders, ante p. 116.

Hab. Prevesa, Epirus.

Scleroderma Polynesialis.

S. S. Saunders, ante p. 116.

Hab. Haleakala, Hawaii.

Scleroderma Wollaston, n.s. (Plate V., fig. 2).

$. Piceo-niger, nitidus, angustus, abdomine elongato

fere cylindrico; antennis tarsisque magis piceis; alis

Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 128

pallide fuscescentibus, vena mediana parva, apice antice

curvata et cum subcostali conjuncta, postice absque ramo

ordinario deflexo.

?. Elongata gracilis, glaberrima, capite thorace

latiore, piceo, subquadrato, angulis rotundatis, thorace

lutescenti, postice obscuriori; abdomine nigro; antennis

piceis, articulis basalibus fulvis ; pedibus piceis, tarsis

pallidioribus. Long. corp. maris fere3 mm. Exp. alar.

ant. fere5 mm. Long. corp. feemine, circiter 3 mm.

Hab. In insula Ste. Helene (D. 7’. Vernon Wollaston).

Mas et fem. in Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie (olim nostr.).

Scleroderma vigilans, n.s. (Plate V., figs. 3, 4).

@. Picea glabra, antennis tarsisque luteo-albidis ;

collare trigono rufo-piceo ; alis pallide fuscescenti tinctis ;

capite subquadrato ; abdomine elongato, apice attenuato ;

alarum anticarum vena subcostali brevi cum stigmate

ovali subdiscoidali fere connexa, vena mediana apice

deflexo, ramum in discum ale extensum formante. Long.

corp.22mm. Exp. alar ant. 4 mm.

Obs. 1. Individua duo foeminea ocellis distinctis

instructa. (Plate V., fig. 4).

Obs. 2. Individuum unum fcomineum alis perfectis

ocellisque instructum. (Plate V., fig. 3).

Hab. In insula Taprobane (D. Thwaites). In Mus.

Hopeiano Oxonie (olin nostr.).

Scleroderma Thwaitesiana, n. 8.

?. 8S. vigilanti foemine normalis (PI. V., fig. 4) forma

congruit at multo minor, gracilis, nitida; obscure lutescens

capite magis castaneo; abdomine thorace latiori seg-

mentis in medio obscurius transverse fasciatis, nigri-

tudine in segmento apicali magis distincta; antennis

pedibusque corpore concoloribus, femoribus latis. Long.

corp. circiter 38 mm.

Hab. In insula Taprobane (D. Thwaites). In Mus.

Hopeiano Oxonie (olim nostr.)

Scleroderma soror,n.s. (Plate V., fig. 5.)

@. Parva, tota pallide lutea, antennis capite vix

longioribus fulvis, articulis apicalibus sensim incrassatis,

nigricantibus ; capite oblongo, oculis nigris; thorace

124 Prof. Westwood’s Observations on the

capite parum angustiori, mesonoto utrinque dilatato,

abdomine elongato, thorace latiore subdepresso seg-

mentis duobus basalibus utrinque macula parva nigra

notatis; pedibus brevibus, crassis; tarsis posticis tibiis

dimidio longioribus. Long. corp. circiter 2 mm.

Hab. Mexico (D. Coffin). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz

(olim nostr.)

Scleroderma Fonscolombei, n.s. (Plate V., fig. 6).

3. Glaberrimus, castaneus, metanoto et basi abdominis

macis rufescentibus, antennis tarsisque clarioribus, alis

hyalinis, anticarum basi parum lutescentibus, venis luteis ;

abdomine brevi ovali; antennis filiformibus. Long. corp.

23mm. Exp. alar ant. 4 mm.

Hab. Aix (Provence). M. Boyer de Fonscolombe

mecum communicavit. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie

(olim nostr.)

Scleroderma linearis, n.s. (Plate V., fig. 7).

3. Apterus oculis compositis ocellisque instructus ;

piceo-fulvus nitidus gracilis ; capite parum longiori quam

latiori, magis piceo; thorace angusto, mesonoto haud

lateraliter dilatato; abdomine obovali subconvexo, thorace

latiori, apice obscuro; pedibus fulvis gracilibus; antennis

sracilibus fere filiformibus piceis basi parum rufescentibus

in clypeum angulariter productum insidentibus. Organa

externa generationis in individuo aptero delineato cum

ilus Scleroderme marium congruunt. Long. corp.

2+ mm.

Hab. Prevesa in Albania, (D. S. 8S. Saunders), 3 Sep-

tember (No. 632). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie (olim

nostr.).

Obs. Species memorabilis defectu alarum in mare

distinguenda.

Sir 8. S. Saunders, in his MS. notes on his No. 682,

states that ‘‘the female of this species [since lost] when

taken throws out a pungent fetid odour.” It was taken

‘‘in the house, September 25, 1849, stinging his

neck.’ The specimen here described is certainly a male

insect.

Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 125

The following species, which have been described as

belonging to Scleroderma, must be removed from the

genus :—

Scleroderma contracta.

Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc., 11, 169. Plate XV., fig. 11.

Hab. Carolina. In Mus. Berlin.

This female insect is nearly a third of an inch long,

its large size dissociating it from the legitimate Sclero-

derme, its general form, especially of the thorax, and its

tridentate mandibles (op. cit., Pl. XV., f. 11a), removing

it to the Mpyrides, especially near Pristocera depressa.

(See Plate VIL., fig. 6.) Possibly the female of Pristocera

atra, Klug.

Scleroderma modesta.

Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soe., vol. vii., p. 27.

Hab. Mysol, New Guinea.

Belongs to the new genus Apenesia. (See below.)

Scleroderma fuscicornis and S. fulvicornis.

Westw. Mon., supra cit., p. 172. (See below.)

Scleroderma Mutilloides.

A. Costa, Ann. Mus. Zool. Napoli, ii., Pl. L., f. 3.

= Mesitius Ghiliant, Spinola, Mem. Acead. Torino ii.,

t. 18, 1851.

The genera Isobrachium, Foerster, Hym. Stud. ii., 96

(1857), and Heterocelia, Dahlbom, Hym. Europ. ii.,

Chrysid., p. 21 (1854), are synonymous with Mesitius.

Conf. I. maculipenne, Marshall, E. M. M. x., p. 222, and,

also Westw. Thes. Ent., p. 167.

CEPHALONOMIA.

Westw., Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vi., p. 419 (September,

1833), and Introd. Mod. Class. Ins., Gen. Synops.,

p- 75 (1840).

Holopédina, Foerster in Verhandl. naturhist. Ver.

Preuss. Rheinl., 7 Jahrg. (1850), p. 502.

‘‘Caput maris mediocre, fererotundatum, fom. magnum

oblongo-quadratum planum; antenne in utroque sexu

126 Prof. Westwood’s Observations on the

10 [12-*) articulate, articulo 2do 8tio multo majori,

maris filiformes longitudine fere thoracis, foem. capite non

longiores fere moniliformes, haud apicem versus incras-

sate; collare triangulare, antice rotundatum; ale nervo

subcostale brevi (tertiam partem longitudinis alarum

non attengenti) callositate parva ad costam terminata,

alteraque+ subapicali discum versus posita; nervo

stigmaticali nullo (fig. 55); foem. interdum aptera.”’

“Antenne 10- {12-) jointed in both sexes, with the

2nd joint longer than the 3rd, in the male filiform, and

nearly as long as the thorax; in the female submonili-

form and not longer than the head, which is oblong-

quadrate and flattened; thorax elongate-ovate; collar

large and triangular, rounded in front; wings with a

very short subcostal nerve terminated by two minute

callous spots; female sometimes apterous (fig. d).”

Cephalonomia formiciformis.

(Plate VI., fig. 1, male; fig. 2, winged female; fig. 3,

apterous female.)

Omalus Polypori, Foerster MS. in Mus. Hopeiano.

Holopédina Polypori, Foerster, op. cit. supr., p. 502,

etiam in Mus. Hopeiano, ambobus cel. Foesterio

ipso transmissis.

“Nigra nitida, pedibus antennisque piceis, his in

foem. articulis 2do et 8tio pallidis; variat fem. corpore

piceo; pedibus, presertim tibiis et tarsis pallidioribus.

Long. corp. 3}—? lin. Exp.alar.1 lin. In Mus. nostro.

“Hab. In fungis (pileatis) prope Londinum.

“Fig. 6, the insect much magnified; e shows the

natural length of the insect.”

The above description was published by me in 1833,

the specimens of this minute insect, which constitutes the

type of the genus, having been originally found by myself

in a Fungus growing in the neighbourhood of London.

Amongst these specimens were winged males, and winged

and wingless females. Herr Foerster, of Aix-la-Chapelle,

* By a typographical error the number of joints in the antenne

was given as 10 in both sexes; but in the figure of the insect (d)

they were correctly represented as 12-jointed. The error was

corrected in my Introduction, Gen. Synopsis, p. 75.

+ This second callous spot is placed just below the apex of the

subcostal vein,

Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 127

subsequently described the insect, raising it into a

separate genus, Holopédina. He also had found the

winged males and both conditions of the females. He

states :—‘‘ Ich habe diese Art aus einem Polyporus der

an einem noch lebenden Hichen stamm sass, erzogen ;

und zwar in beiden Geschlechtern, die $ waren viel seltner

als die @ und unter den letztern die geflugelten Indi-

viduen haufiger als die ungeflugelten.”” Both H. Foerster

and myself failed to notice any connection of these little

insects with any other resident of the Fungus on which

they might be parasites.

I subsequently obtained specimens of both sexes from

the late Mr. Raddon, who had found them in Indian

corn received from Africa.

The male insect is represented in Plate VI., fig. 1,

the winged female in fig. 2 and the wingless female in

fig. 8, the antenna of the female in fig. 2a, and the base

of the fore wings in both sexes in fig. 2). In the

wingless female represented in the woodcut accompanying

my original description the base of the abdomen had

been compressed, distorting the basal segment and giving

it the appearance of a peduncular scale like that of an

ant, whence the specific name which I applied to the

species. Fig. 4a represents the head of the male of the

Indian corn specimens, and 4b the base of the fore wings

of the same.

Cephalonomia ? peregrina, n.s. (Pl. VL, fig. 5, 3 ; fig 6, 2 .)

g. Omnino pallide fulvus, oculis nigris, clypeo por-

recto acuto bifido, mandibulis apice acuto curvato, intus

denticulis tribus minutis armatis ; alis setigeris vena post-

costali brevi, stigmate ovali; antennis subfiliformibus.

?. Pallide picea, antennis pedibusque lutescentibus,

illis brevibus subclavatis ; oculis magnis rotundis laterali-

bus, ocellisque instructa ; abdominis apice subinflexo ; alis

anticis stigmate oblongo-ovali, margine pone stigma

incrassatione minuta instructo. Long. corp. 14 mm.

Hab. In insula Taprobane (D. Staniforth Green). In

Mus. nostro.

I am indebted to Mr. Staniforth Green, of Colombo,

Ceylon, for the two very minute insects described above

too concisely, being prevented from giving a fuller

description in consequence of the specimens being

mounted in Canada balsam as microscopical slides.

128 Prot. Westwood’s Observations on the

The wings, unfortunately, do not lie in a convenient

position for a clearer view of the stigma than I have

given in the accompanying figures.

Cephalonomia? fuscicorns.

Scleroderma? fuscicornis, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soe. i1.,

OL, Pes sk Ys, Rs dee

Holopédina fuscicornis, Foerster in Verh. naturhist.

Ver. Preuss. Rheinl., 7 Jahrg., 1850, p. 151.

Herr Foerster, having described his genus Holopédina

founded on my Cephalonomia formiciformis, suggested

that the two insects which I had doubtingly described in

my monograph as the males of Scleroderma, were to be

referred to his new genus. It is, however, with some

hesitation that I accept this suggestion, as the veins of

the wings scarcely agree with those of that genus,

possessing a rudimental median vein, more or less

distinct, emitting a deflexed branch, although but ill-

defined, at its posterior extremity, and wanting the

distinct callous spot at the extremity of the postcostal

vein. The antenne are 12-jointed and slender.

This species seems rather widely distributed and to be

domestic in its habits, as I took a specimen of the male

in the Ambrosian library at Milan in September, 1862,

crawling over a vellum MS. of Homer of the 4th century,

from which I was at the time copying one of the

illuminations. I took another male, crawling very

slowly, in the Museum of M. Signoret, in Paris.

I also received from M. Boyer de Fonscolombe a much

more minute male specimen than the type figured in

Trans. Ent. Soc., vol. u. Its body is entirely fulvous and

slossy, but it is in a very dilapidated condition. The

fore wings, however, have the postcostal vein dilated at

its extremity, which is united with an oval callosity near

the costa, and the median vein is distinct and forked at

its extremity, the anterior part of the fork united with

the postecostal (forming a long closed cell) and its

posterior part forming a deflexed branch into the dise of

the wing almost as in Scleroderma.

Sir Sidney S. Saunders also took another male at

Prevesa, in Albania, on the 27th June, 1842, which

I have represented in Plate VI., fig. 7, with its details.

It is rather smaller and more delicately formed than

the type of the species, but it so closely resembles it that

Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 129

I do not feel sufficiently convinced of its specific

distinction. The median vein is indistinct, but it throws

out a deflexed, although indistinct branch at its

extremity into the disc of the wing, as in Scleroderma.

The antenne are very slender.

Plate VI., fig. 7, represents the specimen with its

details, which differ considerably from those of Selero-

derma, the mandibles (fig. 7 a) having a sharp terminal

tooth and three obtuse ones below the apex; the maxille

(fig. 7b) have two large apical lobes and very short

4-jointed maxillary palpi, and the labium (fig. 7c) sub-

ovate with very minute 2-jointed labial palpi.

The discovery of the legitimate females of this species

will probably render its removal from the genus

Cephalonomia necessary.

Cephalonomia? fulvicornis.

Scleroderma? fulvicornis, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soe. i1.,

p. 172.

This insect, of which the only known specimen is

contained in the Berlin Museum, is a male so entirely

resembling C. fuscicornis, that the same observations on

its general position will be also applicable.

Cephalonomia ? cursor, n.s. (Plate VL., fig. 8, &¢.)

3. Minutus, apterus, oculis ocellisque instructus,

piceo-luteus, nitidus, capite et abdomine subcastaneis,

capite thorace latiori, paullo longiori quam latiori, angulis

posticis rotundatis, supra convexo; antennis capite lon-

gioribus, gracilibus, articulo 2ndo magno 38tio ad 12um

(apicalem) sensim longioribus et parum crassioribus ;

abdomine ovali, convexo, thorace latiori et vix longiori ;

pedibus gracilibus luteis, tarsis elongatis, calcari tibiarum

anticarum, articuloque basali tarsorum intus ciliatis ;

unguibus tarsorum acutis, basi dilatatis. Long. corp.

2—] lin.

Hab. Prevesa in Albania (D. S. S. Saunders), mens

Jun. Septembr. et Octobr. capta. In Mus. Saunders et

Hopeiano Oxonie.

The slender antenne of this insect, with its agile

form, induced me to regard it as a male, which suppo-

sition has been confirmed by the dissection of one of

Sir §. 8. Saunders’s specimens, kindly submitted to me

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1881,—PART I. (APRIL.) 8

130 Prof. Westwood’s Observations on the

for that purpose, which enables me to state that the

external organs of generation agree with those of the

typical males of Scleroderma. Here then we have

another species with apterous males provided with ocelli

and large lateral eyes, just as in the case of Scleroderma

linearis.

One of the maxille of this male is represented in

Plate VI., fig. 8b. It agrees with Plate VI., fig. 7),

from the winged specimen of the male from Prevesa

above described, and figured in Plate VL., fig. 7, except

that the maxillary palpi are clearly 5-jointed, as shown

quite satisfactorily in both maxille on careful dissection.

I have little doubt that when the female of this species

is discovered it will be found necessary to separate it

generically from Cephalonomia.

APENESIA.

Westw. Thes. Ent., p. 170.

The species of this genus, of which only females have

been hitherto observed, might easily be mistaken for

species of Mutillide, but the 18-jointed antenne of

these insects separate them from all the Aculeated

Hymenoptera, and prove their relationship with Sclero-

derma and its allies. In addition to the characters

of the genus laid down in my ‘ Thesaurus,’ the peculiar

structure of the legs is to be noticed; they are short

and robust, the anterior leg is not strongly spined, but

the tibie are terminated by two spurs, and the basal

joint of the tarsus is lunate and armed on the under

side with a row of very fine short bristles (Plate VIL,

fig. 3b); the middle legs, on the contrary, are very

robust, the tibie strongly serrated on the outer margin,

and the spurs finely spined; in the middle leg the tarsi

are longer than the tibie, and have the under-side of the

three basal joints finely spined (fig. 8c.) The structure

of the middle legs leads us to infer the fossorial habits

of the insects, although the anterior and hind tibiz are

comparatively simple (fig. 3d.)

The type of the genus is from the Amazons, but I

possess a species from Nicaragua (Chontales), and the

two insects described by Mr. F. Smith as Scleroderme

(S. modesta from Mysol, New Guinea, and S. parasitica

from Salwatty) belong to the genus.

Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 131

Apenesia Amazonica.

Westw. Thes. Ent., p. 171, Plate XXXI., f. 12.

Hab. Amazonia (Bates). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

Apenesia Chontalica, n.s. (Plate VIL., fig. 8, &c.)

?. Tota fulva, nitida, pedibus pallidioribus, capite

magno subquadrato, angulis posticis rotundatis, mandi-

bulis (fig. 3a), paullo curvatis apice bidentatis ; antennis

brevibus 13-articulatis, versus apicem vix crassioribus ;

abdomine magno convexo, ovato, apice acuto; pedibus

brevibus crassis, tibiis anticis subsimplicibus, apice

bicalcaratis, tibiis intermediis fortiter serratis, posticis

subsimplicibus; tarsis biposticis articulis tribus basali-

bus subtus serrulatis; unguibus omnibus elongatis.

Long. corp. 24 lin.

Hab. Chontales, Nicaragua. In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Apenesia modesta. (Plate VIL., fig. 4, &c.)

Scleroderma modesta, Smith, Journ. Proce. Linn. Soe.,

vol. vii., p. 27.

Apenesia modesta, Westw. Thes. Ent., p. 171.

“S. capite, thorace, pedibusque pallide testaceis ;

abdomine rufo-piceo, cingulato.

‘‘?. Length 2 lines. The head, antenne, thorax, and

legs pale honey-yellow, the tips of the mandibles ferru-

ginous ; the suture of the thorax and the articulations

of the legs with ferruginous stains ; the exterior margin

of the intermediate tibiz serrated; the basal margins

of the segments of the abdomen broadly rufo-piceous,

the abdomen elongate and lanceolate.”

Hab. Mysol, New Guinea (Wallace). In Mus.

Hopeiano Oxonie (olim Saunders).

The head below has a rather deep central longi-

tudinal impression, the mandibles are obscurely dentate

at the tips (fig. 4a); the maxille have a lobe on the

outside, the maxillary palpi being 4-jointed, the first and

second joints dilated (fig. 40); the labium is oblong,

with the labial palpi 8-jomted; the parts of the mouth

thus agreeing with those of A. Amazonica.

182 Prof. Westwood’s Observations on the

Apenesia parasitica.

Scleroderma parasitica, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soe.,

vol. vili., p. 79.

“‘§. rufo-picea levis, nitida ; abdomine cingulato.

“9. Length 2 lines. Rufo-piceous, smooth and

shining; the anterior parts of the head, the antenne,

and legs rufo-testaceous ; the posterior margins of the

segments of the abdomen dark rufo-piceous.”’

Hab. Salwatty (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonize

(olim Saunders).

This species is smaller than A. Chontalica, being

nearer to A. modesta; its abdomen, however, is not so

elongate as in that species, and its dark pitchy colour

distinguishes it from any of the other species.

PRISTOCERA.

Klug, Weber, and Mohr, Beitr. z. Naturk. u1., p. 202.

It is to this genus that the insect described in my

monograph on Scleroderma under the name of S. con-

tracta (Trans. Ent. Soe. ii., p. 169), from Carolina, should

be referred. The type of the genus (Bethylus depressus,

Fabr., Syst. Piez., p. 237) is a native of Middle and

South Europe, the female of which was first described and

figured in my ‘Thesaurus Entomologicus,’ Plate XXX.,

fig. 4. The figure is here reproduced (Plate VIL., fig. 6),

for comparison with the other insects immediately allied

to it, represented in my figures now published. A speci-

men of the male in the Hopeian collection was taken

by Mr. Hope in the Archdeacon’s Close at Netley. The

female was figured from a specimen communicated by

Signor Costa of Naples. The antennez of the female

are short and 18-jointed (fig. 6a); the maxillary palpi

(fig. 6 b) are 6-jointed ; and the labial palpi (fig. 6 ¢) are

3-jointed).

Pristocera contracta.

Scleroderma contracta, Westw., op. cit. supra.

I have but little doubt, from the general resemblance

of this insect from Carolina to the female of P. depressa,

that it is the female of Pristocera atra, Klug, from

Georgia, in North America.

Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 133

THYNNUS.

Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 360.

Thynnus picinus, n.s. (Plate VIL., fig. 5).

?. Aptera, elongata, convexa, glabra, picea, antennis,

pedibus, marginibusque posticis segmentorum abdomi-

nalium magis testaceis; capite quadrato convexo, rude

punctato; antennis (fig. 5a) brevibus crassis, 12-articu-

latis, articulo 2ndo minimo; pronoto subquadrato punc-

tato, angulis anticis rotundatis, metanoto angustiore

supra plano, lateribus ad basin elevatis, disco ibi depresso

punctato, abdomine elongato punctato, marginibus

seementorum levioribus, segmento ultimo supra sub-

carinato, et utrinque linea obliqua setarum brevium

lutearum instructo, oviductu acutissimo brevi, e lobis

duobus brevibus obtusis exeunte; pedibus brevibus

robustis ; tibiis extus spinosis (fig. 5 b, hind leg). Long.

corp. 4 lin.

Hab. In Brasilia (D. Miers). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

This insect has so much the general appearance of

the females of Pristocera depressa and P. atra, above

noticed, that I considered it to be congeneric therewith ;

the 12-jomted antenne of the female and the structure

of the legs remove it, however, to the Aculeata, and to the

family Thynnide. I cannot, however, suggest the genus

or subgenus of that family to which it belongs.

MeEtTHOoCcA.

Latr., H. N., xiii. 268. = Tengyra, Latr., males.

Methoca ichnewmonordes.

Latr.; Curtis, Brit. Ent., Pl. 329.

M. articulata, Laty. olim in Journ. d’ Hist. Nat. et Phys.

Mutilla formicaria, Jurine, Pl. XIII.

Tengyra Sanvitali, Latr., fig. Westw., Ent. Text Book,

PERL fie.'6.

Methoca californica, n.s. (Plate VII., fig. 1.)

2. Tota badio-castanea, nitidissima, glaberrima, con-

vexa, capite thorace latiori subgloboso, antennis rectis,

thorace vix longitudine zqualibus, fere filiformibus, arti-

culis ultimis nigricantibus; collare ovali basi truncato;

can

134 Prof. Westwood’s Observations on the

mesonoto angusto bipartito, metanoto fere globoso; abdo-

mine gibboso segmentis 2 et sequentibus in medio nubila

nigra notatis ; aculeo longo gracillimo porrecto e lobis

duobus parvis angustis exeunte ; pedibus elongatis sub-

inermibus. Long. corp. 4 lin.

Hab. California. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonize (olim

W. W. Saunders).

Methoca hemorrhoidalis, n.s. (Plate VIL, fig. 2.)

Speciebus reliquis hujus generis major.

?. Nigra, capite et thorace velutinis, striolis mini-

mis approximatis punctisque interjectis notata, abdo-

mine dimidio basali nigro nitido, segmentis 4to et 5to

basi griseo sericantibus, reliquis castaneis, aculeo longo

exserto castaneo e lobis duobus planis minutis castaneis

exeunte; capite lato oculis magnis ad angulos anticos

positis; ocellis minutis inter oculos locatis; pronoto

antice rotundato mesonoto bipartito; metanoto obovato

convexa; antennis longis convolutis, nigris, pedibus

longis, gracilibus, tarsis preesertim elongatis. Long.

corp. 8 lin. (abdom. 4 lin.)

Hab. Caffraria (D. Weale). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

Obs. The descriptions of the other species of this

interesting genus are so scattered in many works often

very inaccessible, that I have thought it advisable to

reproduce them in the following pages :—

Methoca Canadensis.

Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii., p. 67.

g. Black and shining, slightly villose, the face

closely punctured, the vertex sparingly so; the anterior

margin of the clypeus produced into an elevated

tubercle ; the tips of the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax

coarsely punctured ; the metathorax coarsely rugose,

having above a central channel which is transversely

ridged; behind truncate, the truncation obliquely rugose-

striate on each side, having a slight central channel;

the legs have the apical joints of the tarsi obscurely

rufo-piceous, the calcaria ferruginous; wings hyaline,

faintly coloured. Abdomen: the basal half of the first

segment rugose, the lateral margins elevated and acute

beyond this; the entire abdomen is rather finely and

Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 135

distinctly punctured, the base of the seements depressed,

their margins constricted. Length 44 lines.

Hab. Canada. (Coll. F’. Smith, olim).

Methoca insularis.

Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., vol. v., p. 77.

M. nigra; antennis, mandibulis, pedibusque ferru-

eineis ; abdomine rufo-piceo cingulato.

2. Length 8 lines. Black, smooth, and shining ;

the antenne, anterior margim of the clypeus, the

mandibles and palpi ferruginous; a deeply impressed

line runs from the base of the clypeus up to the anterior

ocellus. Thorax: a deep constriction between the pro-,

meso-, and metathorax, the apex of the latter rufo-

piceous. Abdomen with a short petiole, the apical

margin of the first and second segments and the apical

segment entirely rufo-piceous.

Hab. Makassar (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

The abdomen of this species is more oval and shorter

than that of M. thoracica; the body is black, with the

tip of abdomen luteous ; legs and antenne castaneous,

the latter thicker in proportion than in M. thoracica.

Methoca thoracica.

Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., vol. vi., p. 50.

‘“‘M.rufo-ferrugineus, capite abdominisque fasciis tribus

nigris.”

@. Length 4 lines. Rufo-ferruginous; the head

black, the abdomen with three black fasciz, very smooth

and shining; the mandibles, clypeus, and antenne

ferruginous. (Plate L., fig. 5, female.)

Hab. Celebes (Tondano), (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxoniz (olim W. W. Saunders).

“This very beautiful insect may probably be a very

large highly-coloured form of M. insularis, described in a

previous paper; but not having any intermediate in

size, I have thought it advisable to describe it as a

distinct species.”

The type of this insect is a female, and is now

contained in the Hopeian Museum, It resembles M,

136 Prof. Westwood’s Observations on the

ichneumonoides, with the head black. General colour

chestnut-sienna, abdomen with peduncle and three fasciz

black.

Methoca gracilis.

Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., vol. v., p. 77.

““M. nigra, nitida, immaculata, alis hyalinis.

“3. Length 8% lines. Shining black, slightly

villose, the head closely and finely punctured, sparingly

so on the vertex, the tips of the mandibles ferruginous.

The prothorax smooth, the mesothorax punctured, and

the metathorax coarsely rugose; the wings hyaline and

splendidly iridescent; the legs rufo-piceous. Abdomen

smooth and shining; the basal segment subpetiolate,

with a central longitudinal channel; the base of the

seoments much depressed; their margins constricted ;

the apical one with an acute upturned spine.”

Hab. Makassar (Wallace).

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie (olim Saunders).

Male smaller than our M. Sanvitali, entirely black.

Probably male of MW. insularis.

Methoca nigriceps.

Smith, Descr. n. sp. Hymenopt., 1879, p. 228.

‘9. Ferruginous, with the head and four fascie on

the abdomen, black. The clypeus, mandibles, and

antenne ferruginous; the head smooth and shining,

with fine distinct punctures. The thorax smooth and

shining, the tibie and tarsi finely spinose. Abdomen

very smooth and shining, the 2nd and 8rd segments

with a broad black fascia near to their apical margins ;

the fascie are broadest in the middle and taper to a

point laterally, but do not extend to the lateral margins;

the fasciz on the 8rd and 4th segments are at their

basal margins. Length 4 lines.”

Hab. Brazil (? locality uncertain). In Mus. Britann.

Methoca constricta.

Smith, op. cit., p. 228.

“3g. Black; the abdomen shining, the segments

deeply constricted. The antenne obscurely fulvous

beneath, above fuscous; the mandibles ferruginous ;

the face closely punctured, the vertex shining and less

Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 137

closely so. The prothorax closely punctured, the meso-

thorax and scutellum more strongly so; the metathorax

coarsely punctured. Wings hyaline and iridescent, the

nervures and stigma rufo-testaceous; legs dark rufo-

piceous, with the articulations and the tarsi, as well as

the anterior tibie, rufo-testaceous. The margins of the

segments of the abdomen with a thin hoary pile;

beneath there is an impressed longitudinal line in the

middle of each segment. Length 3} lines.”

Hab. Ega. In Mus. Britann.

Methoca Poeyt.

Guérin-Mén., Voy. de la Coquille, p.209. Iconogr. du

Régne An., 3, 480. Ramon de la Sagra, Ins. Cuba,

pl.18, fig. 8. Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad., iv., p. 113.

“‘Le male est noir, sans taches, avec quelques poils

blanchatres, le metathorax est un peu rugueux en arriere,

les ailes sont incolores, & nervures noires et les deux

nervures transversales qui forment la seconde cellule

cubitale, ne sont pas paralleles comme dans la M. San-

vitali. L’abdomen est lisse, 4 segments un peu étranglés

avec le dernier terminé par une épine courbée en haut.

Long. 8 mm.”

‘La femelle est rouge avec l’abdomen noir a l'exception

cependant du premier segment qui est egalement rouge.

Long. 5+ mm.”

Hab. Cuba, M. Poey (un couple piqué a la méme

épingle). In Coll: Guérin-Méneville olim.

Methoca bicolor.

Say, Boston Journal of Nat. Hist., i., p. 292.

Le Conte, Writings of Say, i., p. 741.

“9. Rufous; head and part of the tergum black.

Inhabits Indiana.

Body pale yellowish rufous; polished; head black ;

antenne rufous, terminal jomts piceous; mandibles and

palpi rufous; thorax, segments subequal, anterior and

posterior ones convex subovate, intermediate one with

two slightly elevated convexities; abdomen ovate sub-

fusiform; tergum with a transverse triangular black

spot at the tip of the second segment, another on the

third, the remaining ones confluent. Length one-fourth

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PaRT I. (APRIL) T

138 Prof. Westwood’s Observations on the

of an inch. The abdomen does not contract abruptly

at the petiole, but subsides gradually. Van der Linden

says that the species of this genus are the females of

species of T’engyra (Ann. d. Sc. Nat., Jan., 1829, p. 48).”

Methoca (Tengyra) stygia.

Say, Boston Journal of Nat. Hist., i., p. 299.

Le Conte, Writings of Say, il., p. 741.

‘“‘ Black, mandibles piceous at tip.

Inhabits Indiana.

Body entirely black, immaculate, punctured; man-

dibles piceous at tip, near the tip one-toothed; wings

hyaline, nervures black, separating nervure of the first

and second cubital cellules wanting; stigma obvious,

black; abdomen, segments contracted near the incisures ;

oviduct not extending beyond the terminal processes and

concealed beneath them. Length two-fifths of an inch.

Resembles 7’. Sanvitali, Laty., but is larger, with a

much larger stigma, and each abdominal segment is

much more contracted before its posterior incisure.”’

Methoca pacalis.

Harris, Catal. Ins. Massach., in Hitchcock’s Survey,

2nd edit. (absque desc.)

Hab. Massachusetts.

Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma. 139

EXXpLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE IV.

Fras. 1, 2, 3, 4. Mandibles of Scleroderma ephippiwm in different

Fie. 1.

Fic.

ole cen. Mor mas);

10.

ahi

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

oo bo

8a. Male organs of generation of S. cylindrica.

positions.

. Maxille and labium of ditto.

. Antenna of female of ditto.

. Fore leg of ditto.

. Last joints of tarsus.

. Ovipositor of female laterally compressed, the terebra (c)

detached from the sheaths (a a).

The terebra and its two spicule removed from the sheaths,

tee oe compressed (see detailed description, ante

p- :

Base of wings of male of S. ephippiwm.

Antenna of male of S. cylindrica.

Head of male of ditto.

Head of female of ditto.

Head of female of S. ephippiwm, var. with ocelli.

Head of normal female of S. ephippiwm.

Extremity of abdomen of female with the spicule un-

equally protruded in dying.

PLATE V-

Scleroderma bicolor, female; 1a, mandible of ditto ; 1),

maxilla; 1c, labium and palpi; 1d, antenna of ditto ;

le, part of fore leg of ditto.

S. Wollastonii, male; 2 a, base of fore wing of ditto.

S. vigilans, abnormal female with wings and ocelli;

3a, base of fore wing of ditto; 3b, head of ditto.

8. vigilans, abnormal female without wings, but with

ocelli; 4a, head of ditto.

S. soror, female.

S. Fonscolombei, male.

S. linearis, male.

PLATE VI.

Cephalonomia formiciformis, male.

Ditto, female winged; 2a, antenna of ditto; 206, base of

fore wing.

Ditto, female without wings, but furnished with ocelli.

4a. Head of male of ditto ?, from Indian corn; 46, base of

fore wing of ditto.

all

140 Observations on the genus Scleroderma.

Fic. 5. Cephalonomia? peregrina, male; 5a, mandible; 5b, base

of fore wing.

6. Ditto, female ? 6a, base of fore wing.

7. C. fuscicornis, male; 7a, mandible; 76, maxilla; 7c,

labium and palpi.

8. C. cursor, wingless male; 8a, antenna of male; 88,

maxilla of ditto; 8c, base of fore tarsus; 8d, base of

hind tarsus ; 8e, extremity of ditto.

PLATE VII.

Fig. 1. Methoca californica. female.

2. M. hemorrhoidalis, female.

3. Apenesia Chontalica, female ; 3a, mandible ; 3b, base of

anterior tarsus; 3c, middle leg; 3d, hind leg.

4. A. modesta, female; 4a, mandible; 46, maxilla; 4c,

labium and palpi.

5. Thynnus picinus, female; 5a, antenna of ditto; 5b, hind

leg of ditto.

6. Pristocera depressa, female; 6a, antenna of ditto; 60,

maxillary palpus; 6c, labium and palpi.

Cretan)

IX. Description of a new Species of Corduliina

(Gomphomacromia fallax) from Ecuador. By R.

M‘Lacuuan, F'.R.S., &e.

[Read April 6th, 1881.]

Tue following description should have appeared as a foot-

note, attached to the observations on Gomphomacromia

Batesi, at p. 26 ante :—

Gomphomacromia fallax, n. 8.

Wings hardly tinged; neuration black; a slight fus-

cous mark at the extreme base, which in the posterior

(especially in the female) is slightly prolonged at the

base of the subcosta; in the male the area against the

membranule in the posterior is sometimes tinged with

yellow, and in the female the base of both pairs is tinged

with yellow up to the inner triangles: pterostigma dark

brown (2 mm. long in the male, 23 mm. in the female) ;

membranule whitish cinereous, paler at the base; a single

row of post-trigonal cellules, but the first cellule (rarely

the second also) is double; sectors of the arculus distinctly

soldered at the base, more so in the posterior than in

the anterior, and in the male than in the female (in the

former they are so much united as to become petiolate) ;

second costal space empty in its basal fourth; 8—9 ante-

and post-cubitals, male, or 9—10 ante-cubitals, and

8 post-cubitals, female, in the anterior wings.

Blackish or dark brown, clothed with cinereous pilosity.

Front olivaceous brown, with blackish pilosity; labrum

and lobes of labium somewhat yellowish. Thorax with

a narrow yellow dorsal crest, a broad and very distinct

oblique yellow band on the sides between the wings, and

a less distinct inferior terminal band; breast somewhat

testaceous. Abdomen very slender, scarcely dilated

towards the apex in the male; black, somewhat testaceous

at the base; a yellow spot on each side of the dorsum

(divided only by the dorsal crest on segments 38—8,

those on segment 2 larger and more separated). Legs

short, black, the femora more or less brownish internally

(and sometimes also externally); lower tooth of the

claws somewhat shorter and stouter than the upper.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT I. (APRIL.)

142. ~=Description of a New Species of Corduliina.

8. Superior appendages black, cylindrical, slightly

curved downwards, scarcely dilated at the apex, sub-

obtuse, longer than the 9th segment. Inferior appen-

dages black, shorter, longer than broad, very concave

above, the apex scarcely excised, but each angle is there

produced into a straight tooth-like process. In the

middle of the 9th segment beneath are two contiguous,

rounded, scale-like lobes.

?. The 9th and 10th segments very short above, and,

with the appendages, elevated at an acute angle with the

line of the rest of the abdomen (the 8th segment also

short, cut off very obliquely above) ; appendages as long

as, or longer than, the 9th and 10th segments combined,

black, very hairy, straight, subcylindrical and acute;

immediately below them is a black, very hairy, cushion-

like prominence, slightly excised on its apical edge.

The vulvar scale forming two slender, laterally com-

pressed, contiguous black blades, 1} mm. long, each

subobtuse at the apex; atthe base of these blades above,

are two short, slender, brown styles, and above these are

two longer, divergent, black cylindrical styles.

Length of abdomen, male, 28—30 mm.; female,

30—31 mm. Length of posterior wing, male, 25—27

mm.; female, 29 mm. Expanse, male, 52—55 mm.;

female, 58—59 mm.

Hab. Intaj (or Intac), Ecuador (Buckley). I have

examined three males and two females.

In general structure this is allied to the Chilian

G. paradoxa, Brauer, and it is possible that Gomphoma-

cromia should more especially be limited to these two

species; but it is abundantly distinct specifically, not

only in colour, but also in structure. The sectors of the

arculus are more decidedly petiolate than in any other

species of this section of Corduliina (excepting the ano-

malous African form just described by de Selys as

Neophya, C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1881, p. xvi.); the

costa wants the coarse serration seen in G. paradoxa.

The extraordinary anal structure of the female is quite

analogous to that of G. paradoxa; but the elevation

of the last two segments so separates them and the

appendages from the much elongated vulvar scale, as to

cause the apex of the abdomen to assume a furcate

appearance.

Ces)

X. Some additions to Mr. Marshall's Catalogue of British

Ichneumonide. By Jonn B. Brinemay.

[Read April 6th, 1881.]

At the earnest request of Mr. E. A. Fitch several of our

leading lepidopterists have kindly saved from destruction

such Ichneumons as they unfortunately have reared, and

since many rare or local Lepidoptera have been bred, as

a natural consequence some good species of Ichneumons

also have been bred and preserved which otherwise

would have been lost. At the same time many of the

commoner Ichneumons have occurred; still, in very

many instances, the host has been identified, which will

materially increase our knowledge of their economy.

Many of these specimens have been sent to me for

examination, through the kindness of Mr. Fitch, and

rarely indeed was a box examined that did not contain

some addition to our fauna. Most frequently these were

continental species, but occasionally a form presented

itself of which I could find no description—notably three

species of Limneria, all of which are very decided in

colour and structure; I have searched in vain through

Gravenhorst, Ratzeburg, Holmgren, Brischke, and

Tschek. As these were reared from scarce Lepi-

doptera (Oxyptilus teucrii, Nola albulalis, and Elachista

monticolella), it is very probable they may be new species.

Several of Foerster’s species of Pezomachus are also

added, which I detected amongst a large number of

specimens mostly captured by Mr. T. R. Billups, who

has been very successful in taking these little apterous

Ichneumons ; some of these, however, I had already taken

in this neighbourhood.

Several species of IJchnewmones pneustici are also

included, as well as two more of Wesmael’s genera

of the same subfamily (Oiorhinus and .dthecerus) ; these

were captured by beating into an umbrella just before

dusk towards the end of summer and autumn.

It is with great diffidence that I venture to describe

and name those insects of which I was unable to find

any previous description, for the literature pertaining to

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—parru. (JULY.) U

144 Mr. J. B. Bridgman on some additions to

the parasitic Hymenoptera is so scattered that it is not

easy to know when all the descriptions have been

examined, and more especially for one living so far from

London, and unable in consequence to avail himself of

the splendid libraries of the different learned societies.

Iam deeply indebted to Mr. Fitch, who kindly sent me

any books or papers which he thought would be of use,

or that I required. I need not say how much we are

obliged to Messrs. C. G. Barrett, J. Sang, G. Elisha,

P. Cameron, E. A. Butler, G. C. Bignell, V. R. Perkins,

T. R. Billups, the late W. P. Weston, and others for the

assistance they have rendered in sending these insects.

Mr. Cameron has lately sent me about a thousand

specimens of his Scotch Ichneumons to examine, and,

when I have had time to get through them, many species

new to our fauna will most probably be found amongst

them. In this paper reference is made to those species

which have been previously noticed, but have occurred

since the publication of Mr. Marshall’s last Catalogue.

ICHNEUMONIDA.

ICHNEUMONIDES OXYPYGI.

Ichneumon stigmatorius, Lett.

Ichneumon erenrtatorius, Zett., Ins. Lapp. 864, 26, 3.

I. stigmatorius, Zett., Ins. Lapp. 364, 27, ?.

I. ignolilis, Wesm., Ichn. Mise. 17, ?.

I. dolosus, Wesm., Ichn. Mise. 46, 34, 9; Holm., Ichn.

Suec. 1., 116.

Ichnewnon rubricosus, Holm.

Ichneumon tenebrosus, Wesm., Tent. 108, 111 (partim).

I. rubricosus, Holm., Ichn. Suec. 1., 190.

Taken at Kingussie.

Females of what I believe to belong to these two

species I detected amongst Mr. Cameron’s Ichneumons.

ICHNEUMONIDES AMBLYPYGI.

Amblyteles flavocinctus, Desy.

As I have had an opportunity of examining this hand-

some insect, which does not appear to be known on

the Continent, I have added a fuller description of the

Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of Ichneumonide. 145

structure than appears in Mr. Desvignes’ description.

(Cat. of Brit. Ichn. 28, 125.)

Finely punctured, apex of clypeus straight, behind the

eyes narrowed; antenne about half the length of the

body, rather stout, not much thicker in the middle than

at the base, apex gradually tapering to a fine point,

distinctly serrated within, most strongly at the base.

Scutellum very much elevated, gradually sloping behind,

superior areas of metathorax 8, supero-medial area trans-

verse, about twice as long as wide, incurved in front,

straight behind, sides bulging outwards, posterior part

indistinctly tridivided; spiracles linear; metathorax

short above, very much rounded behind; parapsides in-

distinct, keels extending only to the base of the scutellum ;

areolet of wing not wide, recurrent nervure received

beyond the centre, transverse anal nervure divided at the

lower third; 1st segment of abdomen distinctly tridivided,

central portion distinctly aciculate, lateral divisions

aciculate within, and with scattered punctures towards

the outside; gastroceli large, the space between them

about as wide as the middle area of the post-petiole,

aciculate between the gastroceli; 2nd segment rather

longer than wide, 8rd and remainder transverse ; legs

moderate.

ICHNEUMONIDES PLATYURI.

Platylabus Thedenii, Holm.

Holm. Ichn. Suec- 329; 17, 3, & -

A specimen of this species was sent to me by Mr.

Fitch; it was bred from HMmmelesia unifasciaria by

Mr. George Elisha.

ICHNEUMONIDES PNEUSTICI.

Herpestomus striatus, n.s. (Pl. VIIL., figs. 1, 2).

@. Antennis basi, segmentis 2—4 et 5—7 margine

apicali, pedibusque rufis; femoribus tibiisque posteriori-

bus apice nigris.

3. Pedibus rufo-flavis, posterioribus, coxis supra

macula, femoribus et tibiis apice, tarsisque nigris.

@. Head behind the eyes buccated ; antenne two-

thirds the length of the insect, basal joint of the flagellum

about twice as long as broad. Thorax finely punctured,

keels of scutellum extending to the middle, the basal

portion of the metathorax short, five superior areas,

146 My. J. B. Bridgman on some additions to

supero-medial area lunate, the slanting part deeply

grooved, with no spines; Ist segment of the abdomen

distinctly striated, a transverse groove at the base of the

2nd segment; this, as well as the remaining segments,

finely reticulate, with fine scattered punctures ; apical

segments pubescent.

The male differs but slightly in the usual sexual

characters ; the supero-medial area of the metathorax is

more transverse; the groove at the base of the 2nd

seoment is less conspicuous; and the thyridii more

distinct.

?. Black; base of antennz (except the basal joint),

and 2—4 abdominal segments, entirely red; apical

margins of the remaining segments and legs red; apical

half of hind femora and extreme apex of hind tibie

nigro-fuscous ; apical joint of all the tarsi black.

$. Black; apex of 2nd segment, and base and apex of

8—5, reddish yellow; legs fulvous; hind ones, spot on

the coxe above, apical half of femora, tibie, and tarsi

completely black. Length 6—7 mm.

The striated post-petiole and black scutellum readily

distinguish this from all the species described by

Wesmael.

One male and four females taken at Norwich in July

and September.

Dicelotus Cameroni, n.s. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 3).

@. Nigra, pedibus rufo-flavis, coxis posterioribus

nigris, basi antennarum subrufis.

Antenne about half the length of the insect, basal

joints of the flagellum moniliform ; head very shining,

with a few minute scattered punctures. Thorax shining,

mesothorax and scutellum with fine scattered punctures,

metathorax very finely rugose ; superior areas 5, supero-

medial area subtriangular with a blunt apex; posterior

areas 8, postero-medial shehtly concave. Abdomen shin-

ing, punctures coarser than on the thorax, but rather

scattered.

Black; mandibles and clypeus reddish yellow; an-

tenne fuscous, basal portion reddish brown ; legs red,

hind coxe black.

One female taken at Norwich, middle of August, and I

detected another amongst some Scotch Ichneumons

belonging to Mr. P. Cameron.

Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of Ichneumonide. 147

This insect is much more finely punctured than

D. pumilus ; the antenne are longer and thinner, and

the legs differently coloured.

Pheogenes trepidus, Wesm.

Wesm., Tent. 190, 16, ¢.

Amongst some Ichneumons sent to me to name by

Mr. E. A. Fitch I detected a female of this species ; it

was captured by Mr. Bignell. I have also seen a speci-

men taken by Mr. T. R. Billups at Burford Bridge, in

November, 1880.

Pheogenes nanus, Wesm.

Wesm., Tent. 190, 17, °.

I have taken two females which agree exactly with

Wesmael’s description of this insect, except that the

mouth and front cox are dark, and there is no trace of

red in front of the wings.

Taken at Norwich in July and August.

Phaogenes impiger, Wesm.

Wesm., Tent. 198, 80, ¢, 2; Brischke, D. Ichn. d.

Proy. W. u. HE. Preus. 23.

I have taken a female of this insect at Norwich,

September 19th, 1880.

Pheogenes suspicax, Wesm.

Wesm., Tent. 200, 38, ¢, 2; Brischke, D. Ichn. d.

Proy. W. u. EK. Preus. 23.

In looking over Mr. Cameron’s Ichneumons | found a

female, and a male which I believe to be a variety of

this species; in my own collection I have two males

exactly like Mr. Cameron’s. ‘These three all differ from

Wesmael’s description in having the clypeus only pale

yellow, and not the face also; the apex of the hind

femora in one of my specimens is fuscous. Wesmael

describes four varieties of the female; so it is not im-

probable that the male may also vary. These males

do not agree exactly with any species described by

Wesmael or Brischke.

—_

148 Mr. J. B. Bridgman on some additions to

My specimens were taken at Norwich in July. I have

also seen a female taken by Mr. Billups at Box Hill on

March 21st of this year; the antenne of this insect are

entirely dark brown.

Pheogenes similis, n.s. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 4).

Nigra, antennis basi superne excepte et margine seg-

mento secundo rufis, pedibus plus minus fusco et rufo-

piceis variegatis.

Head somewhat tumid, behind the eyes scarcely

narrowed ; clypeus smooth and shining, not depressed ;

face and forehead finely and rather closely punctured,

interstices finely reticulate; antenne slender, slightly

thickened at the apical half, as long as the head, thorax,

and Ist segment, third and fourth joints of about equal

length and ‘rather more than three times as long as wide ;

mesothorax rather more strongly punctured “than the

head, interstices reticulate, in front feebly trilobed ;

scutellum somewhat. gibbose; metathorax shining, with

fine transverse rugose markings; supero-medial area

semioval, a little ‘longer than wide, the sloping part

rather more coarsely marked than the upper part,

slightly hollowed out; postero-medial area not defined ;

legs slender, hind coxe unarmed. Abdomen—Ist seg-

ment elongate, slender, subpyriform, with slight acicula-

tions ; rest of the abdomen finely but densely punctate,

rather coarsely rugose between the base of the 2nd

segment and the “thyridii, which are very distinct ;

abdomen slender and cylindrical, 2nd segment one-third

longer than the width at its apex, 38rd subtransverse ;

aculeus distinctly projecting.

Black ; mandibles piceous ; antenne pale piceous-red ;

scape black ; 1—4 joints of flagellum piceous above, and

articulations of the remainder dark; collar and incision

of the 2nd abdominal segment piceous-red ; anterior and

middle legs piceous-red, femora, apex of middle tibia,

and apical joints of both tarsi more or less infuscated,

hind legs fusco-piceous, greater part of trochanters, base

of femora, basal two- thirds of tibie, and 1—4 joints of

tarsi piceo-rufous; tegule pale, stigma and nervures

dark. One female, length 5°50 mm.

This insect was taken by My. Billups in 1880, and

iuppears to me to come next to Wesmael’s P. argutus,

‘coxe unarmed, antenne ferruginous’’; it differs from

Mr. Marshall's Catalogue of Ichneumonide. 149

the description of the above-mentioned insect in the

colour of the legs and abdomen.

Pheogenes formosus, n. 8. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 5).

Segmentis 2—4 pedibusque rufis, femoribus posticis

apice, tiblisque posticis basi et apice, apiceque tarsorum,

nigris ; antennis subtricoloribus.

Head behind the eyes scarcely narrow; antenne long,

first and second joints of the flagellum of equal length,

twice as longas wide; scape dark brown ; flagellum 1—3

joints brownish red, 9—11 whitish, the remainder red-

dish brown; head shining, finely punctured, punctures

scattered. Thorax opaque, closely punctured ; metathorax

rugosely punctate, lines of the areas very distinct,

supero-medial area long and narrow, not distinctly

closed behind, sides almost parallel, and a supernumerary

line running up the centre almost to the front. Abdomen :

1st segment shining, with no perceptible sculpture, 2nd

very finely punctured, the punctures running into acicu-

lation, 8rd and following ones densely and finely punc-

tured, with rather scattered hairs and pits ; tegule yellow-

brown, stigma pale fuscous; the rest as in the diagnosis.

Length 6°50 mm.

One female taken at Norwich in September.

This insect belongs to Wesmael’s genus Diadromus.

Oiorhinus pallipalpus, Wesm.

Wesm., Tent. 202; Brischke, D. Ichn.d. Prov. W.u.E.

Preus. 25.

I have taken three females of this pretty little

Ichneumon near Norwich, one in July, the other two

in September.

Aithecerus nitidus, Wesm.

Wesm., Tent. 204, 2.

This species I have also taken in this neighbourhood

in July and September. One female agrees exactly with

Wesmael’s description ; the other two differ from it as

follows :—

Var. 1. Hind coxe and Ist abdominal segment, greater

part fuscous.

Var. 2. Hind coxe, collar, and 1st abdominal segment,

150 Mr. J. B. Bridgman on some additions to

except the apex, black. Post-petiole more or less dis-

tinctly finely aciculate.

Afthecerus longulus, Wesm.

Wesm., Tent. 206, 6; Brischke, D. Ichn. d. Prov.

W. u. E. Preus. 25.

I took in June, what I believe to be, a female of this

species; it differs from Wesmael’s description only in

having a fuscous spot on each side of the three red

abdominal segments. Brischke mentions a specimen

having a black band on the 4th segment.

Taken at Norwich.

CRYPTIDA.

Phygadeuon tarsatus, n.s. (Pl. VIIL., figs. 9, 9a).

Nigra, tarsis posticis annulo albo; ¢ tibus anticis

pallidis ; @ tibiis rufis, annulo antennarum albo.

Head rather wide behind the eyes, somewhat narrowed

in the female, distinctly so in the male ; clypeus distinctly

separated, apex truncated ; face more finely punctured in

the male than in the female, which is rather coarse ; fore-

head strongly punctured, punctures rather close, imter-

stices reticulate, with a well-defined central depression ;

antenne of female moderate, first joint of flagellum

about twice as long as wide, and longer than the second,

sixth quadrate. Mesothorax closely and finely punctured,

parapsides faintly impressed in front in female, more

distinct in male, scutellum shining, with more scattered

punctures; metathorax finely rugose-punctate, inter-

stices reticulate, hinder cross line distinct, fainter in the

middle, the middle lines very faint, a supero-medial area

hardly defined ; back of the metathorax angular at the

sides; spiracles ovate, more so in the male than in the

female. Legs somewhat slender; areolet hardly con-

verging above, no nervelet, transverse anal nervure sub-

opposite and divided below the middle. Abdomen smooth

and shining, finely pubescent in the male, female ovate,

1st segment sradually widening to the apex, which is

one- third the length of the segment, slightly bulging out

before the apex, 2nd transverse. Male, lst segment ‘slender,

post-petiole scarcely wider than the petiole, spiracles

very minute and only just projecting, distinctly curved ;

Ond, 8rd, and 4th segments longer than wide, 5th

Mr. Marshall's Catalogue of Ichneumonide. 151

transverse, 2nd more than twice as long as wide ; aculeus

three-fourths the length of the abdomen.

?. Black; apex of front femora, tarsi, and tibiz red,

apex of the latter more or less infuscated; hind tarsi

brown, third and fourth joints sordid white; stigma and

tegulz pale piceous; 6—10 joints of antenne white,

sometimes 5 and 11 partly so. 6—8 mm.

3. Black; clypeus and two broad marks by the eyes

below the antenne yellow; anterior and intermediate

tibie and tarsi testaceous-yellow ; apex of front femora,

extreme base and apex of hind femora, and base of hind

tibie red, 2—4 and base of 5, joints of hind tarsi white

(antenne wanting). 9 mm.

Three females and one male taken by Mr. P. Cameron

near Lamlash, Arran, towards the middle of September.

Phygadeuon fumator, Gr. (Pl. VIIL., figs. 6—8).

Towards the end of August last year I took, by beat-

ing, a semi-apterous Cryptid which I could not make out,

and amongst Mr. Cameron’s insects I found three more

of these nondescripts. From a careful examination,

I believe them to be varieties of Phygadeuon fumator

with abbreviated wings: they differ very slightly from

that insect; but my specimen has the metathorax

shghtly more rugose than any P. fumator I have; un-

fortunately I cannot see this part of Mr. Cameron’s

insects very plaimly, as the wings have dried up over

the metathorax; they vary slightly in coloration. My

specimen is the palest; it has all the coxe and tro-

chanters pale yellowish red, the first four joints of the

antennz and base of the fifth red, and the 2nd abdo-

minal segment and basal half of the 3rd red. Of Mr.

Cameron’s three specimens one has the coxe and

trochanters like mine; the other two have the hind

coxz more or less stained with brown, as well as the

apex of the hind femora. The antenne of one show the

red base like mine, but are fuscous above, especially in

the scape ; of the other two, one has the first and second

joints and the other the second joint reddish; all three

have the 2nd abdominal segment and the basal margin

of the 38rd red. At first I thought I had discovered a

new species (most lhkely of Aptesis), but 1 am inclined

now to think they are only varieties of the very variable

P. fumator (Gravenhorst described five varieties of

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—partT 11. (JULY.) x

152 Mr. J. B. Bridgman on some additions to

the female) with wings much abbreviated, reaching to

about the apical margin of the 1st segment. Length

3—4 mm.

Phygadeuon aberrans, Tasch.

Tasch., Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 52, 86, 2.

Phygadeuon abdominator, Gray., I. E. ii. 728, var. 2.

This species is named by Taschenberg in ‘Die

Schlupfwespen-familie Cryptides,’ page 52, and is de-

scribed by Gravenhorst, [chn. Europ., vol. 11., page 728,

as var. 2 of Phygadeuon abdominator. I have taken two

insects which agree exactly with Taschenberg’s descrip-

tion of P. aberrans (Gravenhorst makes no mention of

the red marks at the apex of the scutellum); they how-

ever certainly are not Phygadeuon, but true Ichneumons,

and, I believe, only small specimens of Jchnewmon lanius.

Wesmael gives, as the female of J. lanius, Gravenhorst’s

Phygadeuon terminatus, l.c. vol. 11, p. 664, which, as far

as concerns the coloration, agrees well with J. lanius of

Wesmael; but Gravenhorst says, ‘‘segmenti 1 levi

nigro”’; Wesmael, in Tent., p. 105, ‘‘ Post-petiolus

feminz confertissime punctatus.” Holmgren says the

same (Ichn. Suec., vol. 1., p. 159). In this respect the

female of J. lanius differs from Phygadeuon terminatus.

I think Phygadeuon aberrans, Tasch., will prove to be a

synonym of Ichnewmon lanius.

Phygadeuon nanus, Gr.

Cryptus nanus, Grav., I. E. ii. 585, 118, 2.

Phygadeuon nanus, Tasch., Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865,

pe 2oO, oh

Entom. xi. 58, 2.

Phygadeuon probus, Tasch.

Phygadeuon improbus, Grav., I. E. ii. 672, 169,

var 2, 9%

P. probus, Tasch., Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, 42, 52, 2.

In the description of improbus or probus, neither

Gravenhorst nor 'aschenberg mentions the whitish short

line or spot on the frontal orbits ; the metathorax varies

much in the distinctness of the areas. From Taschen-

berg’s descriptions I can detect no sufficient difference

to form another species from the var. 2 of Gravenhorst.

Mr. Marshall's Catalogue of Ichneumonde. 158

The one I take in this neighbourhood agrees best with

P. probus, Tasch.

Cryptus antennatus, n.s. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 10, 10 a).

¢. Abdomine medio rufo; femoribus tibiis tarsisque

anterioribus fusco-rufis, tarsis posticis annulo albo.

Finely and closely punctured; head behind the eyes

slightly narrowed, antenne filiform, rather thicker at the

apex than at the base; thorax distinctly trilobed, meta-

thorax with two distinct transverse lines, and a quadrate

area above the front line, spiracles small and circular ;

1st segment of abdomen rather slender, gradually taper-

ing, one-third wider at the base than at the apex,

spiracles not projecting, abdomen elongate-ovate, 2nd

segment as long as wide, remainder transverse ; aculeus

about two-thirds the length of the abdomen ; areolet of

wings pentagonal, neither wide nor narrow above, the

recurrent nervure received beyond the middle, a trace of

the nervelet visible, transverse anal nervure subopposite,

and divided just below the middle.

Black; 1—4 segments of abdomen red, base of 1 and

apex of 4 more or less brown or black. Legs fuscous-

red, the front ones dilated, hind femora towards the apex

and hind tibie rather infuscated ; coxe, trochanters, apex

of front tarsi, intermediate and hind tarsi, brown or

black; second, third and base of fourth, joints of hind

tarsi white, base of second joint more or less dark.

Length 3, 3°5, 2°5 mm.

This insect apparently belongs to Thomson’s subgenus

Cenocryptus. I took two females in this neighbourhood

on the 4th of April, 1874.

Cryptus amenus, Gr.

Grav., I. E. ii. 623, 185, 2; Tasch., Zeits. Ges. Nat.

1865, 100, 2.

Pi MLOn. xi boos. 9%

Cryptus elegans, Desy.

Cryptus elegans, Desy., Cat. Brit. Ichn. 57, 53, 3, ?.

Hygrocryptus Drewseni, Thoms., Opus. Ent. fase. v.

Bits 2s Ba 2

Entom. xiii. 52.

This pretty and distinct species was first described

154 Mr. J. B. Bridgman on some additions to

by Desvignes in the ‘Museum Catalogue of British

Ichneumons,’ p. 57. Mr. Marshall considered it only a

variety of C. carnifex, and included it in his 1872 ‘ Cata-

logue,’ p. 41, amongst the synonyms of that insect.

Later on Thomson, in ‘ Opuscula Entomologica,’ fase 5,

p- 514, has described it as Hygrocryptus Drewsent, 0. 8. ;

but, according to the law of priority, this name must

rank as a synonym to Desvignes’ name of elegans.

Thomson has named another Cryptid elegans (Hoplo-

cryptus elegans, l.c. p. 511). I think this ought to be

altered, and therefore propose that it be changed to

HH, Thomsont.

Cryptus palustris, Thoms.

Hygrocryptus palustris, Thoms., Opus. Ent. fase. v.

514, 38, 2

Entom. xi. 52.

I have taken two males of a Cryptus which I believe

to be this species; it belongs to the same subdivision as

elegans and carnifex ; they have black coxe, but other-

wise much like these two species; but as Thomson only

described. the female (l. c., p. 514), and as I have

taken males only, there must be some doubt as to their

identity.

Cecidonomus Westoni, m.

Entom. xiii. 264.

Cecidonomus gallicola, m.

Entom. xiii. 265.

Cecidonomus ? rufus, m.

Entom. xiii. 265.

Agrothereutes Batavus, Voll.

Voll., Tid. v. Ent. xvi., p. 209: Pinac. pl. 37, fig. 2.

This insect is figured in Vollenhoven’s ‘ Pinacographia,’

Plate 37, fig. 2. Brischke says that probably A. Hopei,

Gr., is a variety of A. abbreviator, Fabr.; if so, this

may be another variety of the same species.

A female was taken last September in a sand-pit in

a wood at Guestling, near Hastings, by the Rev.

EK. N. Bloomfield.

Mr. Marshall's Catalogue of Ichnewmonide. 155

Stibeutes Heinemanni, Foerst.

Foerst., Mon. Gat. Pez. 30, 2, 2.

Entom. xii. 15 (Dr. Capron).

Aptesis vestigialis, Foerst.

‘Monographie der Gattung Pezomachus,’ 42, 8.

A female of this species was bred by Mr. Champion

from Coleophora solitariella, Zell., together with a small

male Linneria, which I am unable to identify. This

specimen differs slightly from Foerster’s description in

the following particulars :—

1st. There is no trace of red in the inner orbits.

2nd. The antenne have the first five joints entirely,

the next two partly, reddish brown, 8—11 white, marked

above only, not ringed.

3rd. The lines on the metathorax are scarcely per-

ceptible.

Pezomachus ngritus, Foerst.

Foerst., Mon. Gat. Pez. 80, 19.

Mr. Billups has taken at Deal (August, 1880), a small

black Pezomachus, which I believe to be this species.

Pezomachus distinctus, Foerst.

Foerst., Mon. Gat. Pez. 1238, 54.

This species was taken by Mr. Billups at Mickleham

in October last.

Foerster says the legs are clear red-yellow, but the one

now before me has the two last tibie faintly infuscated

before the base and at the apex.

Pezomachus intermedius, Foerst.

Foerst., Mon. Gat. Pez. 124, 55.

This species seems far from rare; I have taken

between thirty and forty specimens in this neighbourhood.

Mr. Billups has also taken it freely at Mickleham and

elsewhere, and several specimens have been sent by Mr.

Butler from Hastings. Foerster describes it from a

single female, which is a very pale variety.. The majority

of my captures have the thorax quite black, and from

can

156 Mr. J. B. Bridgman on some additions to

this they vary to the thorax almost entirely red; the

same with the cox; the Ist segment of the abdomen

also ranges from red to piceous, with the base darker.

Pezomachus incertus, Foerst.

Foerst., Mon. Gat. Pez. 128, 61.

This species also does not appear to be uncommon.

Mr. Billups captured five or six specimens at Headley

Lane last year, and it is not scarce round Norwich. Like

the last species, this varies much in the intensity of the

colour of the legs and thorax.

Pezomachus Miilleri, Foerst.

Foerst., Mon. Gat. Pez. 127, 60.

This is another species taken by Mr. Billups at Wey-

bridge, Leatherhead, and Rainham; all during 1880.

Pezomachus juvenilis, Foerst.

Foerst., Mon. Gat. Pez. 186, 72.

I took two specimens of this species at the end of

September last year in this neighbourhood ; it has also

been taken by Mr. Billups in the Mickleham Valley,

October, 1880.

Pezomachus dubitator, Foerst.

Foerst., Mon. Gat. Pez. 159, 105.

I have taken several specimens of a Pezomachus which

I think must be this species, but they differ slightly

from Foerster’s description; he says, ‘‘the abdomen

to the apex densely punctured and haired,” which, I

suppose, means the whole abdomen is evenly sculptured.

This is not the case with my insects; the first three

segments are densely haired ; the hairs on the remainder

are more scattered. Similar specimens have also been

taken by Mr. J. W. May and Mr. E. A. Butler. It is

much like P. transfuga.

Pezomachus micrurus, Foerst.

Foerst., Mon. Gat. Pez. 155, 98.

I have seen a Pezomachus which I believe to be

this species; it was taken by Mr. E. Parfitt in the

Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of Ichnewmonide. — 157

neighbourhood of Exeter, by sweeping, July 12th, 1866.

I have also seen it in a collection belonging to the Rev.

O. P. Cambridge.

Pezomachus procursorius, Foerst.

Foerst., Mon. Gat. Pez. 216, 175.

A Pezomachus sent by My. G. C. Bignell, of Plymouth,

agrees with this species.

OPHIONIDA.

Ophion minutum, Kriech.

Ophion minutum, Kriechbaumer, Entom. Nacht. 1879,

p. 104; Voll. Pinac. pl. 39, fig. 1.

Entom. xi. 54.

This species has also been taken by Mr. Bignell in the

neighbourhood of Plymouth; by Mr. F. W. Savage at

Hastings; and by Mr. T. Wilson near York.

Agrypon septentrionale, Holm.

Anomalon septentrionale, Holm., Consp. Anom. Suec.

181, 16, 2; Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec. 27, 18, 2.

This species was sent to me by Dr. Capron, and was

bred by Mr. 8. D. Bairstow.

Agrypon geniculatum, Holm.

Anomalon geniculatum, Holm., Consp. Anom. Suec.

HITT: ¢¢.e5 Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec. 27,

9g) 2.

Entom. xi. 255.

Paniscus tarsatus, Brischke.

Brischke, D. Ichn. d. Prov. W. u. EK. Preus. 31, 3, 2-

This pretty and distinct species I am enabled to add

to the British list through Mr. Bignell, of Plymouth, who

pred both sexes from Hupithecia abbreviata, 1880.

Limneria Fitchii, n.s: (Pl. VIIL., fig- 18).

¢. Nigra, scapo antennarum subtus, pedibusque rufo-

flavis, coxis anterioribusapicis trochanteribusque flavidis ;

areola nulla ; aculeo brevissimo,

158 Mr. J. B. Bridgman on some additions to

Head behind the eyes narrow. Metathorax finely

sculptured, five superior areas, lines fine, supero-medial

area elongate; closed behind, widest in front. Post-

petiole with almost straight sides, gently tapering ; 2nd

segment a quarter longer than wide; 38rd subquadrate ;

this and the following ones compressed ; aculeus just

projecting, curved upwards. No areolet ; transverse anal

nervure not broken.

Black; scape of antenne beneath and legs reddish

yellow ; apex of front and intermediate cox and tro-

chanters yellowish; hind coxe black; apex of tarsi

piceous. Female. Length 6 mm.

Bred by Mr. Bignell from Nola albulalis. This species,

contrary to the general habits of this genus, does not

spin a cocoon, but emerges from the long-haired, pale-

coloured larva of its host.

Limneria moesta, Gr.

Gray., I. H. ii. 995.

Head transverse, narrow behind the eyes. Areolet

irregular, sometimes petiolated, sometimes subsessile ;

transverse anal nervure sometimes obsoletely divided ;

back part of metathorax somewhat concave, sculpture

rough; areas, from the roughness, hardly perceptible ;

upper part very short, the groove running from the post-

scutellum to the petiole ; 2nd segment of the abdomen

nearly a half longer than wide, not much wider at the

apex than at the base; 3rd a trifle longer than wide,

much narrower at the base than at the apex.

Three males from Mr. Bignell, who bred them from

Hybernia progemmaria and H. defoliaria.

They seem to vary in the colouring of the abdomen.

I have added this to Gravenhorst’s description, because I

cannot find the structure described anywhere.

Since the above was in type I have received a female

of this species from Mr. Bignell; it does not differ in

colour or structure from the male. The aculeus is

hardly exserted.

Limneria Barrettii, n.s. (Pl. VIII., fig. 14).

Nigra, scapo antennarum subtus flavo, femoribus

tibiis tarsisque rufo-flavis, tibiis posterioribus apice et

Mr. Marshall's Catalogue of Ichneumomde. 159

ante basin fuscis ; segmenti 1—3 rufo-cingulatis, aculeo

primo segmento breviore.

Head transverse, narrow behind the eyes. Thorax a

little longer than high ; superior areas of metathorax 3 ;

supero-medial area pentagonal, more or less narrowed

behind, not distinctly closed ; side areas with a vestige

of a dividing line; metathorax coriaceous. Abdomen

slightly compressed at the apex; post-petiole subquad-

rate ; tubercles prominent ; 2nd segment about a quarter

longer than wide ; 3rd a little longer than wide, or sub-

quadrate. Areolet of wings subsessile, or subpetiolated,

recurrent nervure received just beyond the middle ; trans-

verse anal nervure not divided. Aculeus about two-thirds

the length of the 1st segment.

Black ; mandibles, palpi, and scape of antenne beneath

yellowish. . Legs reddish yellow; cox and hind tro-

chanters nigro-fuscous ; intermediate and hind femora

reddish ; apex of hind tibie and extreme apex of tarsal

joints fuscous, and a rather faint fuscous ring before the

base of the hind tibize; intermediate tibie and tarsi

sometimes obscurely marked in the same manner.

Abdomen: apex of the 1st segment and middle of

the 2nd and 8rd more or less red or chestnut, basal

and apical margins generally black. Male and female.

Length about 6 mm.

Bred by Mr. C. G. Barrett from Oxyptilus teucrii.

Limneria monticolana, n. 8.

Nigra, pedibus rufis, coxis et femoribus posticis nigro-

piceis ; segmentis 2 et 3 abdominis cingulo apicali rufo-

testaceo; scapo subtus plus minusve testaceo.

Head tumid, not narrow behind the eyes; face

narrower below than above; clypeus sinuous; base of

mandibles not quite touching the eyes; eyes entire

against the antenne. Thorax elongate; area of meta-

thorax 5 complete, supero-medial coffin-shaped. Post-

petiole of abdomen one-third longer than wide, with a

depression between the spiracles; 2nd segment of the

male one-third longer than wide, 8rd longer than wide,

4th subquadrate; the 2nd segment of the female sub-

quadrate, or slightly longer than wide; the abdomen in

both sexes subcompressed. Areolet of wing subsessile ;

recurrent nervure received just beyond the middle ;

transverse anal nervure not divided (or at least not

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—pParRT Il. (JULY.) ¥

160 Mr. J. B. Bridgman on some additions to

distinctly so); aculeus not projecting; antenne three-

quarters the length of the insect.

Black ; mandibles yellowish, apex black ; apex of scape

beneath more or less testaceous ; antenne black beneath.

Abdomen: 2nd and 8rd segments with a distinct

testaceous apical band, the next 1, 2 or 3 segments more

or less testaceous at the sides; venter pale. Legs:

front and intermediate coxe brown at the base, fulvous

at the apex ; hind ones entirely nigro-fuscous; trochanters

fulvous, paler than the rest of the legs; hinder brown,

maculated at the base; femora fulvous, intermediate

ones brown-stained ; hind pair brown, extreme base and

apex a little paler; tibie fulvous, hinder infuscated

towards the apex, much more slightly so at the base,

sometimes not at all. One female and two males.

Length about 5 mm.

Bred from Elachista monticola by Mr. J. Sang last

summer.

Limneria carbonaria, Brischke.

Brischke, D. Ichn. d. Prov. W. u. E. Preus. 54.

I have taken a Limneria in this neighbourhood, which

agrees better with this insect than any other I can find

described; the only difference is that Brischke says

“the disco-cubital nervure angled, with a short nervelet ;”

in my specimens, although the nervure is angled, yet

the nervelet is absent. I have also seen the same

insect bred by Mr. Bignell from Cidaria pyraliata.

Limneria tricincta, Gr.

Campoplex tricinctus, Gray., I. E. iii. 580, 58, 3.

Lamneria tricincta, Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec. 80, 47, 2.

I have received a female specimen of this species from

Mr. C. G. Barrett, who bred it from Hbulea stachydalis.

The 3rd segment is entirely red.

Lamneria lugubrina, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec. 64, 19, ¢.

Entom. xii. 19, 58.

Limneria cursitans, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec. 64, 20, ?.

Entom. xi. 58.

Mr. Marshall's Catalogue of Ichneumonide. 161

LTamneria volubilis, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec. 65, 21(3?), @.

Entom. xiii. 58, 256.

LTimneria fuscipes, Holm.

Campoplex fuscipes, Holm., Act. Holm. (1854), 16,

BOS:

Lamneria fuscipes, Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec. 66, 22.

Proc. of the Nat. Hist. Soc. of Glasg., vol. iv., pt. 1,

D., L0G:

Tamneria vestigialis, Ratz.

Campoplex vestigialis, Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. ii., 88, 2.

Limneria vestigialis, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasg., vol.

Sine pi: 1; p. 108.

This and the species next above are recorded as

British by Mr. P. Cameron.

Limneria vulgaris, Tschek.

Tschek, Ichn. Fragm. 61.

I have seen a Limneria, taken by Mr. G. C. Bignell,

which agrees exactly with Tschek’s description of this

insect. It is a female.

Mr. Bignell informs me that he believes it was captured

at Bickleigh, about ten miles from Plymouth.

Limneria deficiens, Gr.

Grav., L. hs mis 474, 12.

Mr. Bignell has bred a Limneria from Eupithecia

pulchellata, which agrees better with Gravenhorst’s

description of this insect than any other I can find. It

differs only in having the trochanters yellow, hind pair

black at the base. These insects often vary in colora-

tion; and as Gravenhorst described his species from a

single insect this may be a variety of it. Length 23 lin.

Limneria clausa, Brischke.

Brischke, D. Ichn. d. Prov. W. u. E. Preus. 47, 2.

Mr. Bignell has bred a male and female of a Limneria,

which agree exactly with this species; the male differs

162 Mr. J. B. Bridgman on some additions to

only from the female in having the hind tibie dark red-

brown, paler in the middle. These were bred from

Hybernia progemmaria.

Mesochorus aciculatus, n.s. (Pl. VIII, fig. 11).

Facie, abdomine macula media, piceis; pedibus fulvis,

tibiis posticis, tarsisque maxima ex parte fuscis; stigma

nigro-picea ; abdomine primo segmento aciculato.

Post-petiole aciculate, somewhat like complanatus, but

the stigma is dark, and the insect half as large again.

Head not buecated, rather narrow behind the eyes;

antenne longer than the body; internal cubital nervure

interstitial ; transverse anal nervure not divided; area

of metathorax 5, subdistinct ; thorax finely and minutely

punctured ; 1st segment of abdomen distinctly aciculate,

a slight central depression before the apex; tubercles

distinct, this latter smooth and shining; 2nd and 38rd

segments subquadrate.

Black; face and by the ocelli piceous; collar partly,

and a spot in the centre of the mesothorax, piceous; a

pale piceous blotch spreading from the apex of the 2nd

abdominal segment and along the back of the 3rd; legs

fulvous, apex of hind tibizw fuscous, and all the tarsi,

except the bases of the first joints, which are pale;

stigma and nervure black-brown, extreme apex of former

paler; base of wings yellow. Female. Length 4 mm.

Received from Mr. Bignell, Plymouth, who bred two

females. They are hyperparasitic on an Apanteles

(probably A. glomeratus), parasitic on Pieris brassice.

Mesochorus gibbulus, Holm.

Holm., Act. Holm. (1854), 60, 3, 2.

Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec. 124, 14, 3, 2.

This very distinct species is added to our list on the

strength of a specimen which I found amongst Mr.

Cameron’s Scotch Ichneumons.

TRYPHONIDA.

Catoglyptus pulchricornis, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Try. Suec. 109, 7, 2.

Entom. xiii. 87. (Dr. Capron.)

Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of Ichnewmonide. 168

Perilissus bucculentus, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Try. Suec. 123, 5, ¢, 2; Brischke, D.

Ichn. d. Prov. W. u. E. Preus. 38, 3.

An insect was sent to Mr. BK. A. Fitch, by Mr. E. A.

Butler, which I believe to be this species, although it

differs slightly from Holmgren’s description, in that the

8rd segment is hardly transverse, and the hind coxe

entirely black.

Perilissus pictilis, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Try. Suec. 125, 11, ¢, ¢; Voll., Pinac.

pl. 33, fig. 6.

Entom. xii. 54.

Perilissus fumatus, m.

Entom. xiii. 54.

Mesoleius segmentator, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Try. Suec. 165, 83, 2 ; Brischke, D. Ichn.

d. Prov. W. u. E. Preus. 51, 3, 2.

A single male sent to me by Mr. Fitch.

Mesoleius rufolabris, Zett.

Bassus rufolabris, Zett., Ins. Lapp. 380, D5. 2s

Bassus erythrocerus, Zett., Ins. Lapp. 380, 16,023

Holm., Mon. Try. Suec. 171, 96, 3, 2; Holm.,

Disp. Syn. Mesol. Scand. 46, MBA Boyes.

This species is recorded on the strength of a specimen

sent by Mr. E. A. Fitch, which was captured at

- Wymondley, Herts, in August, 1880, by Mr. E. A.

Butler. It differs slightly from Holmgren’s description,

in having a yellow line under the wing.

Mesoleius Bignellii, n.s. (Pl. VIII. fig. 12).

g¢. Abdominis medio rufo, tarsis tibiisque testaceo-

flavis, posticis apice nigro, femoribus anterioribus fulvis,

basis nigris.

Very much like M. sulphuratus, Gr., but differs in

having the head more narrowed behind the eyes, the

mesothorax more distinctly trilobed; the 1st segment of

the abdomen much shorter and slightly wider, the other

hall

164 Mr. J. B. Bridgman on some additions to

segments are much shorter; the antenne are black, and

the tarsi are much paler.

Head behind the eyes narrow; antenne as long as the

body, head reticulate; thorax distinctly punctured, in-

terstices reticulate; mesothorax trilobed; metathorax

rugose, without are ; mesopleura appears to be punctate-

rugose (as it is gummed down cannot be quite certain).

Abdomen: 1st segment reticulate, with scattered hair

pits; spiracles situated just behind the middle; 2nd

segment subquadrate, about one-fifth longer than the

1st; third subtransverse. Wings: areolet small and

petiolated ; recurrent nervure received behind the centre ;

transverse anal of hind wing behind the brachial fork,

and divided above the centre.

Black; coxe and trochanters black; femora, front

ones yellow-fulvous, black at the base, middle ones

black to the centre, hind pair entirely black; tibie

fulvous-yellow, apical third of hind ones black; tarsi

yellow-fulvous ; abdomen, extreme apex of 1st segment,

the whole of 2nd and 8rd, red; wings tawny, tegule

black, stigma pale testaceous, nervures fulvous. One

female. Length 12 mm.

From Mr. Bignell, Plymouth.

Mesoleius fallax, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Try. Suec. 168, 89, ¢, 2; Holm., Disp.

Syn. Mesol. Scand. 42, 106, ¢, ?; Brischke, D. Ichn. d.

Proy. W..ua: Ei: Preus. 53, &:

This species has been taken by Dr. Capron in the

neighbourhood of Shere.

Tryphon bicornutus, Holm.

Holm., Act. Holm. (1854), 76,4; Holm., Mon. Try.

Suec. 188, 7, 3, 2; Brischke, D. Ichn. d. Prov. W. u. E.

Preus..58, 0, 2:

I took three females of this distinct species in the

neighbourhood of Norwich, in the autumn of last year.

Dr. Capron has also taken it at Shere.

Tryphon ephippium, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Try. Suec. 190, 18, ¢, 2; Brischke, D.

Ichn. d. Prov. W. u. E. Preus. 58, 3,2.

Entom. xii. 54.

Mr. Marshall's Catalogue of Ichneumonide. 165

Monoblastus levigatus, Holm.

Holm., Act. Holm. (1854), 75, 4.

2 Tryphon extirpatorius, Gr., I. BH. 218, 139.

Polyblastus levigatus, Holm., Mon. Try. Suec. 203,

LISA s

Monoblastus levigatus, Holm., 1. ¢. 885, 1, 3%, 2;

Brischke, D. Ichn. d. Prov. W. u. E. Preus. 61, 3.

Entom. xiii. 54.

| Ewnesius egregius, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Try. Suec. 201, 2, us 9; Voll., Pinae.

pl. 38, fig. 8.

Entom. xiii. 87 (Dr. Capron).

Exochus tibialis, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Try. Suec. 317, 22, 3, 2; Holm., Disp.

Meth. Exoch. Scand. 76, 29; Brischke, D. Ichn. d. Proy.

Wu. H.-Preus. 74, ¢ .

Entom. xiii. 257 (EK. A. Fitch).

Chorineus flavipes, n.s. (Pl. VIII. fig. 15).

Niger, tibiis flavis, tarsis, et femoribus anterioribus

maxima ex parte fulvis.

Very like C. cristator, but the thorax is shining, the

punctures are more scattered, and much less deeply

impressed; the abdomen is rather more coarsely

punctured, and the central keels on the first three

segments more prominent.

Black; the tibiz honey-yellow; greater part of front

femora, and all the tarsi, fulvous.

One female taken in the neighbourhood of Norwich,

August, 1878.

Chorineus asper, Gr.

Gray., I. E. 1. 694.

? Var. Legs piceous.

I have taken two specimens, male and female, of an

insect, which I believe to be a variety of this; they

agree exactly with Gravenhorst’s description, except in

the colour of the legs. They were taken—the male at

the end of April, the ‘female the beginning of May, 1880.

166 Mr. J. B. Bridgman on some additions to

Orthocentrus corrugator, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Try. Suec. 329, 8, 3.

Entom. xiv. 92.

PIMPLIDA.

Pimpla diluta, Ratz.

? Ratz., d. Ichn. d. Forst. ii. 102, 37, 2; Holm., Mon.

Pimp. Suec. 28, 23, 2.

Of this species Holmgren describes the male only. I

have taken two or three females at Brundall, and within

three or four yards of the same spot some males, which

I believe to be undescribed, but so exactly like diluta

female in colour that it can, I think, be no other than

the male of that species. The only difference to be

found in Holmgren’s description is in the length of the

abdominal segments; the seven first segments are

elongate, not transverse; the abdomen is nearly three

times longer than the head and thorax; the 2nd

segment is nearly twice as long as wide; and it differs

also in having the abdomen very glabrous, and with no

punctures. In the female the abdomen is thickly

punctured. It would almost appear that the male is a

Theronia and the female a Pimpla, thus uniting the two

genera. I thought at one time it might be a variety of

Theronia, but such is not the case. Mr. EK. A. Fitch

kindly sent me V’heronia from Kaltenbach’s collection,

and they are very different. Im the hind wing of

Theronia the transverse anal nervure is placed behind

the brachial fork, and divided distinctly above the

middle, whilst the male and female P. diluta have it

opposite the brachial fork, and divided almost in the

middle, or a trifle below. The head, also, in the six or

seven males | have taken is black, and not pale; neither

have I seen any yellow on the scutellum.

Pimpla abdominalis, Gr.

Grav., I. E. iii. 150, 9; Brischke, D. Ichn. d. Prov.

W: a. fi. Preas. “7, @.

Dr. Capron captured three males and two females of

this very distinct species in the neighbourhood of Shere,

Surrey, last year. It is unnoticed by most authors, and

Gravenhorst only described the female. The male only

differs in having a few black spots on the middle

Mr. Marshall's Catalogue of Ichneumonide. 167

segments of the abdomen; the first segment is black, as

in the female. The metathorax being so distinctly and

regularly areolated, and its body being short and ovate

rather than linear, this species probably should be

placed in a genus distinct from Pimpla.

Pimpla detrita, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Pimp. Suec. 23, 11, ¢, 2; ? Brischke,

Diichn. d: W.u. Hi. Preus. 5.

A Pimpla, which I believe to be this species, appears

to be not uncommon in this neighbourhood.

Pimpla mandibularis, Gr.

Gray., I. HE. ii. 180, 90; Holm., Mon. Pimp. Suec. 27,

21; 3d, 2; Thoms., Opusc. Entom., fase. yi. 790, 13;

Brischke; D: Ichn. d. Prov. W. u.. Hi. Preus..6, 3, ¢.

Entom. xiii. 55.

Iassonota leucogona, Gr.

Grav., I. E. iti. 100, 55, 2.

Thorax finely punctured, supero-medial area repre-

sented by a deep elongated depression; 1st three

segments of abdomen strongly punctured, the 1st most

so, the others gradually diminishing in coarseness, the

apical margins smooth and shining; Ist segment with a

eroove running to just beyond the centre, a transverse de-

pression before the apex; 3rd and 4th segments quad-

rate; transverse anal nervure divided well below the

centre; aculeus nearly as long as the abdomen; two

obscure triangular yellow spots on the front part of the

mesothorax : these points are not noticed by Gravenhorst.

Taken at Guestling, near Hastings, in September,

1880, by the Rev. E. N. Bloomfield.

Lissonota caligata, Gyr.

Tissonota caligata, Grav., I. E. in. 38, 16, ¢; Holm.,

Mon. Pimp. Suec. 52, 138, ¢, 2; Thoms., Opusc.

Entom., fase. vill. 760, 3.

A female of this species has been bred by Mr. Bignell

from Anticlea badiata.

It has also been taken and recorded by Dr. Capron

(Entom. xiii. 88).

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—paRT Il. (JULY.) -Z

( 168 )

EXPLANATION OF Puate VIII.

Fic. 1. Herpestomus striatus, male. :

2 bi a female.

3. Dicewlotws Cameront.

4. Pheogenes similis.

5. 5 formosus.

6. Phygadeuon fumator, var.

7 3 <5 var. with abbreviated wings.

7a. Wings of ditto.

8. Phygadeuon fumator, var.

9. a tarsatus.

9a. Wings of ditto.

10. Cryptus antennatus.

10a. Wings of ditto. ©

11. Mesochorus aciculatus.

12. Mesoleius Bignellii.

13. Limneria Fitchii.

14. 4 Barrettit.

15. Chorineus flavipes.

(8a69 .)

XI. Note on the Capture of the Paired Sexes of Papilio

Cenea, Stoll. (P. Merope, auct.), in Natal. By

Rotanp Trimen, F.L.S., &e., Curator of the

South-African Museum.

[Read May 4th, 1881.]

PLATE IX.

I nave the pleasure of laying before the Entomological

Society some important additional evidence as to the

sexes of the polymorphic Papilio Cenea, Stoll. (P. Merope,

auct.), communicated to me by Colonel James Henry

Bowker, F.Z.8., a practical naturalist and most accurate

observer, who has collected and studied in the field

throughout South Africa for many years, and has given

special attention to Lepidoptera since the year 1861.

The species-identity of the pale-yellow tailed P. Merope,

auct., and the tailless sombre-tinted P. Cenea, P. T'ro-

phonius, P. Hippocoon, and sundry unnamed varieties

besides,—indicated by me, in 1868, as in the highest

degree probable,*—was proved by Mr. J. P. Mansel

Weale in 1873;+ and his interesting paper describing

the habits of the butterfly, and giving details of his

rearing all the four forms from the ova, was published

by the Society in 1874, together with a memoir of my

own on the whole case.

Hitherto, however, although several observers had

noted the tailed male in pursuit of the tailless female, so

dusky and so unlike himself, there has been no record of

the actual pairing of the sexes. This lacking evidence

has now been supplied by Colonel Bowker, who has

forwarded to me the male and female specimens which I

exhibit, with the intelligence that he captured them paired

in the park at D’ Urban, Port Natal, on the 22nd February

last.

It will be noted that these specimens are respectively

of the forms most prevalent in Natal, viz., the male

* Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xxvi., pp. 506—511 (1869).

+ Trans. Ent. Soc., 1874, pp. 131—136.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PaRT II. (JULY.)

170 Mr. R. Trimen on Papilio Cenea in Natal.

presenting the broad, black, hind-marginal border

(irregularly dentate interiorly) of the fore wings and the

continuous black discal bar of the hind wings, and the

female having the spots of the fore wings white (except

the largest one, which is faintly tinged with yellow).

Colonel Bowker writes that, on the day mentioned,

this remarkable Papilio was very numerous in the park

at D’Urban, and that he saw all the three marked forms

of the female, as well as some intermediate variations.

He observes :—‘‘ I watched them for some little time,

and at length saw a pair in copula rise out of the weeds

and fly slowly along, settling every now and then at

short distances. I observed this couple very narrowly,

and noticed that the male (Merope) settled uppermost,

and in flight carried the female (Cenea), the latter

keeping her wings closed. Though I witnessed several

other cases of very serious flirtation between the sexes,

I had to be satisfied with this single instance of a clear

and unquestionable match; and it was really with much

satisfaction that [ put my net over the pair.”

In a subsequent letter, dated March 10th, Colonel

Bowker says :—‘‘ Both sexes of P. Cenea are common

about D’Urban now, and I have been watching their

habits. The female settles in some quiet secluded

hollow among the weeds and undergrowth, and will

remain there for hours; the male meanwhile taking

long circles on the wing (sometimes extending to 100

yards from the spot), but always returning, and, in

passing, making two or three dips with half-closed

wings towards the female, whom he sometimes even

touches. On the approach of the male in this manner

the female opens her wings and keeps up a fluttering

motion, until the male is off for another round, and

afterwards returns to renew the acquaintance. I noticed

that the same male with a broken wing returned many

times to the female I was watching.”

These observations quite agree with those published

by Mr. Weale in the paper above mentioned, and also

with what I have myself noticed in various parts of

South Africa; but only on one occasion was I favoured

with a view of the male in actual pursuit of a female,

while Mr. Weale mentions that he had witnessed this

several times, and once saw no fewer than four males

busily courting the same female.

Gali)

XII. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Hete-

rocerous Lepidoptera from Japan.” By ARTHUR

G. Burumr, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &e.

|Read May 4th, 1881.]

NOCTUITES.

CYMATOPHORIDA.

44, Gonophora aurorina, Ni. 8.

Aturep to G. scripta of North America, from which it

differs in its smaller size, darker coloration, the distinct

pink gloss on the upper surface of the primaries, the

more contracted basal area of these wings, due to the

inangulation of the inner white border of the central

belt; the anal area is occupied by a large grey rounded

spot, shading into rust-red along its inner border, which

is bounded by a curved white stripe (the outer limit of

the central belt); above this spot are the ordinary black,

crinkled, discal lines, which are four in number, parallel

as usual, wider apart, much less deeply and less acutely

zigzag or undated than in G. scripta, and terminate at

the first median branch instead of running through the

central belt to inner margin; the abbreviated gravel-

brown lines on the opposite side of the central belt are

also wholly wanting in the Japanese species, but the

costal border above the usual discoidal spot is much

more obscured by transverse dusky stripes; the fringe

of all the wings is golden brown tipped with white; the

secondaries are shining fuliginous-brown, with the

external third dusky; below the wings are similar in

pattern to G. scripta, but the ground colour is shining

greyish brown instead of sordid creamy whitish ; expanse

of wings, 1 inch 5 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

* Continued from p. 28, ante.

TRANS, ENT. soc. 1881,—PaRT. I. (JULY.)

172 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

45. Thyatira pryert, 0. s.

Closely allied to 7’. pudens of North America, but with

the brown patch towards the base of costal area con-

siderably more cuneiform, and the streak connecting it

with the disc of the wing far more oblique; the inferior

margin of the large white basal patch regularly biundated ;

the large white costal patch beyond it more sharply de-

fined, not interrupted, carried backwards in a conical

shape so as to completely obliterate the orbicular spot,

its inferior margin curving down and almost obliterating

the reniform spot; apical white patch less sharply de-

fined, less excised in front; the anal patch, the diffused

patch i in front of it upon the inner mar cin, and the fringe

bright rust-red, instead of ochraceous ; the fringe spotted

with brown; secondaries darker, more pinky in tint, the

fringe rust-red tipped with whitish ; tegule whity-brown

instead of white ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 11 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

As Gonophora scripta of Gosse and Thyatira pudens of

Guénée are well-known species, | have not hesitated to

give comparative descriptions of these two Japanese

forms.

46. Leptina grata, n. s.

Primaries above pale olivaceous, with broad subcostal

and interno-median pink streaks extending from the

base almost to the middle; discoidal spots large, the

so-called ‘‘orbicular’’ oblique and almost triangular,

with yellowish olivaceous centre; the reniform pinky,

and enclosing a B-shaped olivaceous marking; sub-

basal line very slender and inconspicuous, dark brown,

zigzag; two oblique olive-brown dashes at base of costa

before the commencement of the subbasal line; a brown

irregular costal patch above and between the discoidal

spots, beyond which and above the reniform spot the

costal border is pinky white, spotted with olivaceous ;

discal line slender, arched, dentated, dark brown; inner

margin purplish brown, excepting at the base, crossed

in the centre by a very oblique (almost longitudinal)

black-edged white line, and near the external angle by a

transverse black-edged bisinuated white line; an arched

diffused tapering brown streak from the costa just beyond

the dentated discal line, and a submarginal purplish

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 1738

brown stripe followed by an externally black-edged

white marginal line; fringe whity brown, spotted with

ereenish grey lunules; secondaries shining grey with

brassy reflections; a spot at the end of the cell, an

arched discal line, and a rather broad external border

darker grey; a marginal series of lunate white spots;

fringe creamy whitish; thorax olivaceous; head and

collar brownish, the latter with white posterior border ;

abdomen grey, with the posterior margins of the seg-

ments whitish, and with blackish dorsal tufts; under

surface shining whity brown, the wings suffused and

irrorated with pale grey over the costal half; primaries

with an indistinct dusky spot just before the middle of

the costal margin, and another closing the cell; an

angular blackish character bounding a white costal spot

beyond the cell; costal area beyond this spot slightly

rosy ; secondaries with a blackish spot at the end of the

cell, followed by an irregular discal arched series ;

apical area slightly rosy; anterior legs above dark

brown, banded with whitish; expanse of wings, 1 inch

5 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

LEUCANIIDA.

47. Mythimna limbata, n. 8.

Nearly allied to M. turca of Europe, but the primaries

paler, of a more clay-coloured tint, especially on the

basal and external areas, which are less striated with

darker lines than in M. turca; secondaries paler, greyer,

with a broad external creamy buff-coloured diffused

border along the external margin ; wings below with the

reddish suffusion less intense towards the costal margins,

and not extending to the base; expanse of wings,

2 inches.

Tokei (Fenton).

48. Nonagria innocens, n. 8.

Aspect and general coloration of N. helmanni, but

more nearly allied to N. fulva; primaries above pale

shining sandy brown, with a slightly darker streak

immediately below the cell, and a second along the

inner margin from the base to the external fourth ; reni-

form spot indicated by two or three white dots on the

disco-cellulars ; a slender blackish marginal line ; fringe

174 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

and secondaries sericeous creamy white; thorax sandy

brownish; abdomen paler sandy brown, sericeous ;

primaries below whitish towards the inner margin,

without markings; secondaries with the costal border

slightly sordid ; “body below sandy brownish ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 3 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

GLOTTULID.

49. Glottula sordida, n. s.

Primaries dark bronzy brown, crossed by two ill-

defined black lines, the first at just before the basal

third, widely sinuated, the second at about external third

angulated and dentate-sinuate ; the costal border to the

commencement of the second line marked with four

black spots, beyond this line with alternate black and

cream-coloured spots; fringe pale brown, traversed by a

black line and tipped with black : secondaries shining

greyish brown, with a very slender darker marginal line : :

fringe whitish, traversed by a smoky brown line, and

tipped with the same colour; thorax reddish brown;

abdomen greyish brown; under surface shining greyish

brown, with bronzy reflections : fringe grey ; primaries

with an oblique blackish costal dash beyond the cell ;

secondaries with the reflections rather redder than in the

primaries, a dusky spot at the end of the cell; expanse

of wings, 1 inch 6 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

The primaries of this species are rather squarer

than in the typical form, more like G. atronitens of

Australia; but the neuration and other points of

structure agree.

XYLOPHASIID.

50. Xylophasia commicxta, n. 8.

Nearest to X. sodalis; general aspect of Agrotis ustulata;

primaries above dark purplish grey, with all the mark-

ings as in X. rurea, excepting the two triangular blackish

patches on the external border, which are wanting; the

base, costal border between the black spots, discoidal

area from the orbicular stigma to the denticulate discal

line, the discoidal spots, and the outer border of a discal

series of unequal black hastate spots, sienna-red (varied

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 175

with creamy buff at base and within the cell, where this

colour edges the discoidal spots); secondaries shining

pale brownish, with broad greyish brown external border ;

fringe with a slender basal yellowish line, a broad central

dark brown stripe, and white tips; thorax dark grey;

vertex of head and tips of palpi whitish ; collar occupied

in front by two large semicircular dull rose-red patches,

and edged behind with pale grey ; abdomen sericeous-

erey, blackish towards the anus; anal fringe above

tipped with testaceous ; under surface pale bronzy brown ;

wings with a spot at the end of the cell, and a rather

broad discal band, crossed by pale nervures, blackish

brown, not very pronounced, but limited internally by a

slender arched blackish line; a marginal series of black

lunules ; anterior tarsi black, banded with buff; expanse

of wings, 1 inch 6 lines.

Male, Tokei (Fenton); female, Yokohama (Jonas).

The female I formerly believed to be a well-marked

variety of X. sodalis, notwithstanding the very dissimilar

character of the under surface.

Var. (analogous to combusta type of X. rurea): wings

above sericeous pale laky brown, with the two usual

dentated blackish lnes and a purplish brown zigzag

stripe between them ; a widely bisinuated dusky-bordered

pale line limiting the external border, which is greyish ;

orbicular spot oblique; two white dots immediately

above it upon the subcostal vein; reniform spot varied

with snow-white and black; several ill-defined zigzag

lines upon the basal area ; secondaries and under surface

considerably paler than in the typical form; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 83 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Now that we possess both sexes of this species, as

well as the usual variety, it is impossible to regard it as

other than a well-defined distinct species.

51. Xylomyges bella, n.s.

General aspect and coloration of X. conspicillaris and

Apamea ophiogramma; rather larger, with broader pri-

maries ; the basal third of the primaries, a broad internal

border, and an oblique submarginal abbreviated band

limiting the broad pale apical costal patch, white, flecked

here and there with pale testaceous and grey ; the apical

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PaRT II. (JULY.) 2a

176 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

costal patch is continued{backwards, chiefly owing to the

colour of the orbicular spot, which is large, oblique, and

testaceous, enclosing an oblique 8-shaped brown cha-

racter ; the undulated white discal lines (which are ill-

defined in X. conspicillaris) are sharply defined, the inner,

black-edged line being also nearer to the outer line and

abruptly terminating half-way across the interno-median

interspace, where it meets a curved longitudinal black

stripe bounding the margin of the internal white border,

and running to the outer edge of the white basal area ;

marginal spots lunate, black, bordered internally with

snow-white; fringe as usual; the secondaries differ in

having a rather broad diffused brownish external border ;

the veins are sordid (not black), tipped with black and

crossed by a discal series of black dots ; the body differs

in the browner colouring of the back of the collar,

behind the black line ; on the under surface the principal

difference is in the browner and more uniform coloration

of the primaries, and the less conspicuous discal series

of black dots on the secondaries; expanse of wings,

1 inch 9 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

This species is sufficiently nearly allied to the

European one to render a comparative description

preferable to any other.

APAMEIDA.

52. Thalpophila digna, n. s.

Allied to 7’. cytherea of Europe, from which it differs

as follows :—Primaries silvery grey, sericeous with black

markings, the interno-median area blotched with black

to the base; the subbasal black-edged whitish line

obsolete, and the second line with no inner white border ;

the orbicular spot small, circular and sharply defined by

a black edge, the ‘“‘reniform”’ ill-defined, clouded with

black, and confounded with the black costal dashes ;

discal line forming one slightly concave line from the

subcostal vein to the third median branch, and thence

trisinuate (the central sinus crossing the first median

and interno-median interspaces) to inner margin, its

inner (and not its outer) border being snow-white ; sub-

marginal whitish line squamose, less irregular, formed

entirely of pure white scales; marginal black line

replaced by black dots; secondaries sordid white,

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 177.

testaceous towards the base and abdominal border ;

external border browner and abruptly angulated at the

third median branch; fringe narrow, white, with grey

central line; thorax grey, with the collar, and edges

of the tegule blackish; primaries below pale greyish

brown with brassy reflections; a pale angulated stripe

across the disc; secondaries white with sordid borders ;

two costal spots, a disco-cellular spot, and an abbreviated

external border, dusky; a blackish spot at anal angle ;

body below greyish brown; expanse of wings, 1 inch

9 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

58. Apamea nivalis, n. s.

Primaries above snow-white, sericeous ; markings as

in A. gemina, excepting that they are of a paler cupreous-

brown colour, and that the markings are absent from the

interno-basal area; costal border cupreous-brown, crossed

by numerous white-edged black dashes; secondaries

shining creamy white, like tarnished silver ; body above

silvery white, the abdomen becoming slightly greyish

towards the anal extremity; under surface shining

creamy white ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 2 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

This pretty little species seems to be most nearly

allied to A. demissa of Canada, with which it agrees in

general pattern, the most prominent markings on the

primaries being the large subquadrate patch crossing the

outer half of the cell, and the bimaculated slightly dusky

- outer border; in size it agrees better with A. modica

(= Celena subcedens) of Trenton Falls; its natural

position would probably be between these two forms.

54. Perigea ? argyrosticta, n. 8.

Allied to P. hylea of S. America ; primaries above red-

brown, with bright cupreous reflections; basal area

varied with bright orange; an abbreviated elbowed

whitish line across the centre of the basal area ; the area

between the subbasal line and the inner line of the

central belt occupied on the costal border by a large

unequally quadrate yellowish spot; ordinary lines very

irregular, divergent above the first median branch, pink,

with blackish edges ; orbicular spot small, reddish orange

178 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

with black margin; reniform unusually large, metallic-

silver, enclosing a brownish C-shaped ochreous marking; a

second (but small and oblique) metallic-silver spot crosses

the interno-median interspace close to the inner line of

the central belt upon the basal area; disc slightly

clouded with rose-colour ; external border limited inter-

nally by an irregularly zigzag whitish line; secondaries

cupreous-brown, sericeous ; thorax testaceous, the front

of head, tegule, and posterior margin of metathorax

reddish ; abdomen pale shining grey-brown, with whitish

posterior margins to the segments; under surface

shining creamy whitish, the primaries slightly dusky

in the centre, and with the costal border washed with

reddish orange, but indistinctly; expanse of wings,

1 inch.

Tokei (Lenton).

NOCTUIDA.

55. Agrotis tokionis, n. 8.

Allied to A. saucia, with the same broad primaries, but

in the general colour and pattern of these wings it more

nearly resembles A. suffusa; primaries sandy brown ;

the discoidal cell, including the ordinary spots, slaty

erey; orbicular spot diamond-shaped, imperfectly de-

fined by a black margin; reniform angulated, with a

black margin, which is wide below the angulation, but

narrow above it; submedian spot fusiform, slaty grey,

with black margin; the ordinary double zigzag lines all

ill-defined ; costal border dark brown, interrupted by the

subbasal line, the inner line of the central belt, and a

transverse dash above the reniform spot; outer border

irregularly dark brown, limited internally by a series of

lunate spots slightly paler than the ground-colour ; a

marginal series of black dots; fringe testaceous, with

dusky outer edge ; secondaries bronzy brown, sericeous,

with a rather broad darker external border; a blackish

marginal line; fringe as in primaries; thorax sandy

brown, slightly tinted with pink; collar crossed in the

centre by a bisinuated black line, behind which it is

orey ; tegule sparsely speckled with black scales ; abdo-

men whity brown; primaries below fuliginous-brown,

sericeous, with testaceous fringe; secondaries sericeous

whity brown, with the costal border towards apex and

the external border fuliginous-brown, diffused; fringe

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 179

slightly yellower than the ground colour of the wings ;

body below fuliginous-brown, the spines of the hind

tibixe varied with testaceous ; expanse of wings, 1 inch

11 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

A rubbed specimen of this species was also obtained

at Yokohama by Mr. Jonas, and was confounded with

specimens of A. ingrata.

56. Agrotis fucosa, Ni. 8.

Nearly allied to A. segetwm ; primaries with the same

colour and pattern, excepting that they are slightly shot

with lilacine, and that the outer or discal dentate-

sinuate line is extremely indistinct; size, form, and

coloration of secondaries as in A. saucia; expanse of

wings, 2 inches.

Tokei (Fenton).

57. Spelotis lucens, nN. 8.

Closely allied to S. senna of Europe, from which

it differs in its greater size, distinctly broader primaries,

in the greater size of the reniform spot, and paler

tegule ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

58. Opigena arenosa, 0. 8.

Pale sandy yellowish brown ; primaries with the same

pattern as in A. polygona of Europe, excepting that the

discoidal spots are black with black-edged whitish

margins ; secondaries rather greyer than the primaries,

with pale sandy yellowish fringe ; wings below whitish,

the primaries with dusky diffused discoidal area; two

indistinct darker parallel discal lines and an indistinct

darker disco-cellular lunule; a marginal series of black

dots ; secondaries very slightly pearly, excepting towards

the costa, where they are sparsely sprinkled with blackish

scales ; two parallel externo-discal grey lines; a disco-

cellular blackish lunule; a series of scarcely distin-

guishable linear blackish marginal dots; body pale

sandy browp ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 7 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

180 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

A shattered specimen in the collection has the under

surface of the wings much darker and browner than

in the type; the genus Hermonassa will have to be

united to Opigena.

59. Ochropleura plumbata, n. 8.

Allied to O. stupens; primaries above with the sub-:

basal area and dise shining leaden grey; the base,

central area, and external border washed with chocolate-

brown ; two black spots in the form of a semicolon, and

limited externally by a whitish 3-shaped line close to the

base ; a black dot near the base of the cell, the interno-

median interspace, between the 8-shaped marking and

the inner line of the central area, blackish ; inner line

whitish, black-edged, acutely angulated on the costal

border and close to the inner margin, and widely arched

in the centre; discoidal cell between this line and the

reniform spot, black, but interrupted by the orbicular

spot; both discoidal spots chocolate-brown, with whitish

centres and edges; the reniform spot limited externally

by a dotted 3-shaped black line; an irregular blackish

spot touching the median vein below the orbicular spot ;

outer line of the central area indicated by two slender

parallel dentate-sinuate blackish lines, between which

and the externo-discal line (which limits the external

border) the veins are alternately black and white; the

line just mentioned is ill-defined, but bounded internally

by an irregular series of unequal hastate black spots; a

marginal series of blackish lunules ; fringe testaceous,

with a pale basal line ; secondaries greyish brown, with

slight bronzy reflections; the veins and a straight belt

from apex to anal angle grey ; external border, between

the extremities of the belt, sandy brown ; fringe sandy

whitish, intersected by a grey line; thorax laky brown ;

head greyish; a white line across the collar; dorsal

tufts four in number, whity brown ; abdomen grey, with

yellowish anal extremity ; under surface of wings grey,

with bronzy reflections; external borders pale sandy

brown; a well-defined blackish stripe just beyond the

middle, straight on the primaries, arched on the

secondaries ; pectus greyish, reddish in front; venter

pale sandy brown ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 10 lines.

Tokei (Fenton) ; Yokohama (H. Pryer).

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. - 181

This species has somewhat the facies of Semiophora

gothica, but the antenne of the male are simple.

ORTHOSIIDA.

60. Cerastis levis, N.S.

Primaries above dark silky chocolate-brown, varied by

velvety brown lines and spots, the whole of the dentate-

sinuate lines across these wings arranged as in C. erythro-

cephala of Europe, those which bound the central area

on each side being formed of rather more widely

separated parallel double lines ; external border shining

dark ash-grey almost to apex, and with a pale internal

limiting line ; its apical portion testaceous ; costal border

crossed by numerous parallel oblique velvety brown

dashes; marked beyond the middle by four equidistant

white dots; orbicular spot outlined in brown, below it

and touching the median vein and the inner limit of the

central area is a rather large velvety-brown spot ; reni-

form spot duplicated, the inner spot being merely out-

lined in brown, the outer one almost lunate in form, and

straw-yellow ; nervures on the dise dotted with black ;

fringe greyish, with central and basal undulated brownish

paler lines ; secondaries whity brown, sericeous, ereyish

in certain lights; costal border whitish, silvery at base ;

a diffused greyish external border ; fringe traversed by

two grey lines, and tipped with silvery white ; thorax

chocolate-brown; abdomen whity brown; wings below

pale shining pinky brown, crossed by an irregular grey

discal line and irrorated with grey towards the costal

margins; primaries with the central area broadly

ereyish, the internal border whitish, with brassy re-

flections ; body below pinky brown; expanse of wings,

1 inch 9 lines.

Tokei (Menton).

61. Cerastis subdolens, ni. 8.

Nearly allied to C. erythrocephala, but larger, less

sericeous, varying in the colour of the primaries and

thorax from laky brown to pale sandy flesh-tint, whereas

the European species varies from shining chocolate-

brown and grey to reddish clay-coloured ; the reniform

spot larger and paler, sometimes almost entirely yellowish

white ; there is also invariably a small submedian black

182 . Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

dot below the orbicular spot ; the secondaries are slightly

darker along the external border, and have a decidedly

narrower fringe; on the under surface the external pale

border is diffused and decidedly wider at apex, the dark

discal line is indistinct, and the costal border is notice-

ably redder; the secondaries are considerably whiter,

with redder costal border; the discal line is placed

much farther from the outer margin, and the spot at

the end of the cell is much smaller; the body below is

darker and redder; expanse of wings, 1 inch 7} to 9

lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

This does not appear to be a rare species.

62. Mesogona exiqua, 0. 8.

Coloration of primaries nearly as in M. acetoselle ;

sandy testaceous, faintly washed with pink, and slightly

sericeous ; the two lines of the central belt dusky, the

inner line oblique, with pale internal border, the outer

line transverse from inner margin to upper radial, whence

it runs obliquely at an obtuse angle inwards to costa,

with pale external border ; between these two lines is a

somewhat diffused dusky angular stripe, the angle of

which runs into the lower part of the reniform spot;

both discoidal spots ill-defined, but rather paler than the

ground colour; external border greyish, limited inter-

nally by a rather pale bracket-shaped line; a marginal

series of black dots; fringe dark grey with pink re-

flections, and with a bright clay-coloured basal line ;

secondaries greyish brown, sericeous, with bronzy

reflections; external border rather broadly grey, but

this border is concealed in certain lights by the bright

reflections ; costal border whitish, shining, with brassy

reflections ; fringe ochreous, traversed by a grey line;

thorax clay-coloured washed with pink ; abdomen shining

grey, with testaceous anal tuft; under surface whitish ;

wings shining, slightly ochraceous along the costal and

apical borders, irrorated with grey, and crossed by a

dark grey discal line; primaries with the whole central

area grey; legs and venter slightly tinted with pink;

expanse of wings, | inch 3 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 183

HADENID.

63. Lamprosticta bella, n. s.

Primaries above chalky greenish white, irregularly

spotted and streaked with black, brown and grey, so as

to give it somewhat the aspect of Dianthecia conspersa

and Diphtera deridens; the form of the wings, however,

agrees with Lamprosticta ; basal third white, with three

black costal spots, the third of which is the commence-

ment of the inner edge of the central belt; a black spot

near the base of the cell, connected with the second

costal spot by a curved brown dash; a curved subbasal

black marking just below the cell; a reniform black-

edged spot placed obliquely below the latter, and united

externally to a whitish-centred brown spot ; base of inner

border brown; central third best described as black,

crossed obliquely by a broad and irregularly notched

greenish white band, which includes the orbicular spot,

a black linear dot in the latter, and a second on the

costa above it, a bluish black and very slender linear

dot below it; reniform spot transverse, quadrate; the

interval between the orbicular and reniform spots occu-

pied by a black-edged brown spot; costa from the reni-

form spot to apex alternately white and black; a

triangular black costal spot just beyond the central belt,

below which is a transverse discal streak of purplish

grey and brown, interrupted on the interno-median

interspace, and partly edged externally by an uneven

curved black line, which runs to the external angle ; two

very irregular submarginal black spots, one crossing the

radial interspaces and the other divided by the first

median branch; fringe spotted with brown and traversed

by a slightly darker line; secondaries shining dark

bronzy brown; fringe snow-white, traversed, excepting

towards the anal angle, by a brown line ; thorax creamy

white ; the palpi (excepting the last joint), eyes, antenne,

two longitudinal dashes on the head, back of collar, and

borders of tegulz, black; abdomen dark greyish brown,

pale towards the base; primaries below cupreous-brown,

with dark greyish brown costal border, spotted beyond

the cell with white; fringe alternately black and white,

traversed near the base by a dark brown line ; secondaries

with greyish brown costal area, otherwise whitish with

bronzy reflections ; a distinct obtusely angulated discal

TRANS. ENT. 00. 1881.—PaRT Ul. (JULY.) 2B

—

184 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

stripe and an indistinct submarginal stripe brown ;

fringe as above; body below dark smoky grey, the legs

black, banded with white; anterior tibie with white

lateral fringe ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 3 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

64. Miselia cinerea, n. 8.

Primaries above grey, rather dark, with the black lines,

edges of discoidal spots, and oblique costal dashes as in

M. bimaculosa of Europe; the discoidal spots very large

and slightly tinted with brown; the outer line of the

central belt rather broadly bordered with snow-white

upon the interno-median interspace ; this portion of the

wing clouded throughout with blackish; basal third of

inner border whitish; a diffused whitish nebulous streak

from near the apex to the commencement of the white

border of the exterior line; external border limited

internally by an indistinct brown-edged whitish dentate-

sinuate line; a sinuated black marginal line; fringe

dark grey, traversed by a darker stripe; secondaries

ereyish white, with a darker diffused external border and

discal line; fringe with a pale basal line; thorax dark

erey speckled with black, a black line across the head ;

abdomen rather paler than the thorax; under surface

greyish white; wings sericeous; the markings of the

upper surface indistinctly visible in certain lights, owing

to the partial transparency of the wing; pectus sordid

white; expanse of wings, 1 inch 11 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

65. Plataplecta plumbea, n. 8.

Primaries above shining leaden grey, slightly brassy

towards the internal border, and rosy brownish on the

external border; costal area and veins irrorated with

white scales ; a basi-costal irregular black spot followed

by an interrupted irregular blackish stripe ; the dentated

black lnes bounding the central area and the external

border similar to those of Aplecta herbida; discoidal

spots small, white, with black margins; a discal series

of white spots on the nervures; a marginal series of

depressed white-edged black spots ; fringe brown, spotted

with white; secondaries greyish brown, with bronzy

reflections ; a nearly marginal slender whitish sinuated

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 185

line ; fringe white, spotted with brown; thorax greyish

white ; tegule transversely banded with blackish ; abdo-

men shining grey, with faint brownish reflections ; wings

below with the basal area broadly whity brown, shining

with faint golden reflections; primaries with the ex-

ternal three-fifths, excepting part of the costal border,

an elongated spot beyond the cell, a spot at external

angle, and a streak on the interno-median interspace,

greyish, with faint golden reflections; an interrupted

marginal blackish line; fringe dark grey, spotted with

white ; secondaries with the external third, excepting

towards anal angle, greyish brown, with faint golden

reflections, limited internally by an irregularly dentate-

sinuate dark grey line; a small blackish spot at the end

of the cell, and above it a greyish squamose spot ; body

below sordid white; legs banded with grey ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 10 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

66. Aplectoides caliginea, Nn. 8.

Primaries above shining slaty grey, crossed by brownish

bordered velvety black lines, similar to those of A. nitzda ;

external border pale brown, with a submarginal series of

* black spots across it; orbicular and reniform spots as in

A. nitida; a similar pale patch immediately beyond the

reniform spot, but brownish, as in the dark variety of

that species ; costal margin at apex and fringe pale rust-

red, the latter spotted below the middle with grey ;

secondaries paler, and with more golden reflections than

in A. nitida, otherwise similar; thorax grey, barred

with black; abdomen pale brown, with dorsal black

spots at the base; anal segment dark grey, with a

basal black band ; under surface greyer than in A. nitida,

but otherwise similar; expanse of wings, 1 inch 7—8

lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

This species is wonderfully similar to the scarce

melanistic form of the much larger A. nitida (Ill. Typ.

Lep. Het. 8, pl. xlv. fig. 1); it is, however, clearly a

perfectly distinct species.

186 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

67. Hadena tokiensis, n. 8.

Primaries above slaty grey, with the base, orbicular

spot, the reniform spot excepting its posterior angle, and

a very irregular waved and sinuated submarginal stripe

limiting the external border, pale sap-green; two or

three black dots at the base; central belt greenish, with

black dentate-sinuate marginal lines, and enclosing a

large spot somewhat similar in form to the white spot of

H. lucia (Ill. Typ. Lep. Het. 8, pl. xlv. fig. 2), but

lilacine slate-colour instead of pure white; orbicular

spot small, rounded, with black pupil and margin ; reni-

form angular, enclosing a curved olivaceous line, and

with black margin ; external border with large internal

and small marginal black spots, the latter bordered with

whitish ; fringe grey, spotted with white; secondaries

silvery white, irrorated with grey scales; a discal line

and a diffused submarginal belt grey; thorax greenish

yellow, varied with brown bars; abdomen whitish,

banded with grey ; under surface sordid whitish ; wings

shining; primaries with the central area greyish ;

secondaries with a black spot at the end of the cell;

a dentate-sinuate grey discal line, and an ill-defined

submarginal greyish streak ; anterior tarsi black, spotted

with white ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 9 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

HELIOTHIDA.

68. Heliothis fervens, n. 8.

Primaries above dull dark ferruginous-red, washed

with lake, excepting at the base of the inner margin ;

spotted with black at the base, and with a broad belt of

blackish scales just before the middle ; a slightly sinuous

submarginal chocolate-brown stripe; fringe cream-

coloured; secondaries dark purplish brown, almost

black, with a central small white spot; fringe tipped

with white; thorax ferruginous; abdomen blackish

brown, with narrow pale yellow hind margins to the

segments ; anal tuft ferruginous ; primaries below black ;

two spots in the cell and one just beyond it creamy white ;

costal border and apex ferruginous; outer border

cupreous-brown ; internal area shining grey; fringe

pale greyish buff, sericeous, tipped with ochreous and

white ; secondaries with the costal third ferruginous, the

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 187

discoidal area white ; a black spot in the cell and a large

reniform black spot at the end of the cell ; anal two-

thirds of external border broadly black ; fringe white,

traversed by a grey line; pectus sordid white ; anterior

tibie ferruginous, tarsi brown ; posterior tibie pinky

whitish; venter flesh-coloured, banded with grey; anus

ferruginous ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

ACONTIIDA.

69. Leocyma nervosa, 0. 8.

Shining silvery white; primaries above with the

nervures pale bronzy brown ; antenne brown ; a smooth

shining black dash on each side of the thorax behind the

tegule ; primaries below pale golden brown ; the internal

area and a streak in the cell white ; secondaries and body

silvery white; legs opaline* ; proboscis orange-yellow ;

expanse of wings, 1 inch and + line.

Tokei (Fenton).

The genus Chasmina of Walker, placed by that author

in the Leucaniide, will have to sink as a synonym of

Leocyma ; so that my opinion that Chasmina would prove

to be more nearly allied to the Acontiide (see P. HS:

1880, p. 675, note) has been fully borne out ; the species

above described comes nearest to L. albonitens of Bremer,

which also occurs at Tokei; but may readily be separated

by its brown veins, smaller size, and rather different

neuration ; the subcostal branches and the second and

third median branches of the secondaries being emitted

from distinctly longer footstalks; this character does

not appear in the present instance to be a generic one,

as it increases gradually as the species diminish in size ;

thus L. diane (glabra, W1k.), has hardly a trace of either

footstalk ; L. cygnus has a short subcostal footstalk ;

L. albonitens has a decidedly longer subcostal one, but no

median one worth the name (the branches, as in the two

preceding species, are closely approximated at their

bases); finally L. nervosa has a long subcostal and a

short median footstalk.

*'The tarsi are brownish, but this appears to be due to rubbing.

188 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

70. Dyrzela cara, n. 8.

Primaries above sericeous sandy brown, washed with

pink; an abbreviated subbasal pink stripe followed at

basal third by an oblique pink stripe, margined exter-

nally with dark brown; a very large chocolate-coloured

triangular patch, with rounded posterior margin, from

the cell to the centre of the disc on the costal half of the

wing, divided by the discal stripe, which is nearly

straight, pink, and with black inner edge from the imner

margin to the upper radial vein, where it is abruptly

angulated and curved inwards across the chocolate-

coloured patch to costal margin ; this part of the stripe

is snow-white ; a subapical oval black spot, with a black

dot both above and below it; fringe speckled with

greyish ; secondaries grey, sericeous, with bronzy re-

flections ; fringe testaceous at base, traversed by a brown

line, white externally, washed at apex with pink ; thorax

testaceous, washed with pink; abdomen pale greyish,

with slight bronzy reflections; primaries below with the

discoidal area grey, with slight golden bronze reflections,

the discal stripe of the upper surface limiting the grey

area, but not distinctly indicated, excepting by a white

costal spot; the dise beyond the grey area pale golden

brown ; costal border, outer margin, and fringe rosy ;

secondaries whitish, with slight golden reflections, apical

area rosy; a dot at the end of the cell and an arched

discal line dark grey; body below white, slightly pink

in the centre; legs opaline ; expanse of wings, 1 inch

1 line.

Tokei (Fenton).

Nearest to D. plagiata of India.

ERASTRIID.

71. Hrastria atrata, n. s.

Allied to H. fuscula; primaries above dull black,

becoming brownish towards the outer margin, crossed at

basal third by a velvet-black oblique zigzag line ; orbi-

cular spot obsolete; reniform mottled with white, and

confounded with a white-mottled costal spot, with which

it makes a large triangular patch, interrupted on the

costal margin by two small black spots, and in the reni-

form spot by a black >-shaped marking; a very

irregular velvet-black dentated discal line, edged with

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 189

white at inner margin; a small bisinuated subapical

costal white line; outer border rather narrow, slightly

cupreous, limited within by a subconfluent series of

sagittate spots; a marginal series of black lunate spots

followed by a whitish line at the base of the fringe, the

latter dark greyish brown, traversed by a darker central

line; secondaries sericeous greyish brown; fringe pale,

with a dark line near its base; thorax dull black ;

abdomen greyish brown; under surface sericeous, pale

greyish brown, the costal borders mottled with whity

brown and white ; expanse of wings, 1 inch to 1 inch

1 line.

Tokei (Fenton) ; Yokohama (H. Pryer).

Mr. Moore referred me to the genus Prospalta of

Walker for this species, and I have no doubt that he was

right in so doing, but I cannot regard it as distinct from

Hrastria.

72. Hrastria senex, n. 8.

Primaries above silvery white ; a large C-shaped dark

brown streak at the base, its centre filled in with pale

brassy yellowish; an irregular band just before the

middle, widely interrupted in the centre, so as to leave

only two large spots well defined, dull testaceous, flecked

with black-brown; an obtusely angulated brassy yel-

lowish discal band from costal to inner margin, and

a rather narrow external border of the same colour: a

subapical costal black spot, a grey spot at apex, a black

dot near the outer margin on the second median inter-

space ; fringe white tipped with black, a black spot upon

it at the apex, two opposite to the median interspaces,

and one at external angle; secondaries sericeous, grey,

the apical half, excepting a white basal line, grey, the

anal half white ; head and prothorax pale buff, bordered

with black, the remainder of thorax white; abdomen

with the basal half white, the anal half pale buff; a

dorsal series of black spots; primaries below sericeous

grey, with one or two darker costal dashes ; inner border

whitish ; fringe as above ; secondaries sericeous creamy

white, the costal border and discoidal cell irrorated with

grey; a grey discal angulated line; an angular disco-

cellular black marking; body below white; legs banded

with dark grey ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 1 line.

Tokei (Fenton).

Nearest to HZ. albidula of North America.

190 Mr. A. G. Butler s Descriptions of new

73. Erastria fentoni, nu. 8.

Pale bronze-brown ; wings shining ; primaries crossed

just beyond the middle by an irregular transverse white

stripe, immediately followed by a bright ochreous band

which encloses a semicircular black-edged snow-white

spot at the inferior extremity of the cell; costal border

towards apex creamy yellowish ; a slightly sinuous sub-

marginal stripe, white on the costal border, otherwise

whity brown; head and collar yellowish ; under surface

whity brown ; wings shining; primaries with the basal

half grey; secondaries irrorated with grey scales;

expanse of wings, 1 inch 1 line.

Tokei (Fenton).

ANTHOPHILIDA.

74. Acantholipes metalligera, n. 8.

Flesh-coloured, densely irrorated with dark leaden

grey, which is metallic along the costal border; the

veins clear, not irrorated with grey; a zigzag sub-

marginal white line bounding a series of oval shining

plumbageous spots, between which the veins are rust-red ;

a marginal series of black dots followed by a white line ;

fringe brown, traversed by two lines of black atoms ;

primaries crossed by two white lines representing the

limits of the central belt ; secondaries crossed beyond

the middle by a single white line; antenne dull sordid

white ; under surface of wings silvery grey, a spot at the

end of each cell, a discal line, and the fringe dusky ; in-

ternal borders white, shining ; body below whity brown ;

expanse of wings, 9} lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Not nearly allied to any species with which I am

acquainted.

PLUSIIDA.

75. Plusia metabractea, n. s.

Nearly allied to P. bractea of Europe, from which it

chiefly differs in the smaller oblique metallic tin-like

spot on the primaries, the form of which is like a bent

human thumb, truncated at the base, and with the joint

turned towards the inner margin; in P. bractea it is

altogether shorter, broader, and more quadrate; the

secondaries also have a much narrower and diffused

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 191

dusky external border; expanse of wings, 1 inch 10

lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

HYBLAIDA.

76. Hyblea fortissina, 0. 8.

Allied to H. puera; primaries above similar, but

darker; secondaries darker; the orange belt placed

farther from the outer margin, much broader towards

the costa; marginal orange border replaced by a sub-

marginal series of five small orange spots between the

first subcostal and the first median branches, and an

elongated orange tapering patch across the interno-

median area; fringe orange, with the anal area and a

spot opposite to the first median interspace dark brown ;

body above blackish brown ; the abdomen with slender

yellow hind margins to the segments; under surface

very different from H. puera; primaries orange, with

reddish costal and outer borders; internal area pale; a

large elongated spot near the base below the median

vein, a second across the end of the cell, a small spot in

the cell, two dots on the costal vein, and a curved discal

band forking at its inferior extremity, black ; fringe dark

brown, with a white subapical spot ; secondaries orange

in the centre, with reddish orange borders; abdominal

area broadly streaked with blackish ; veins on the apical

area dotted with black; a spot at the end of the cell, an

arched interrupted irregular streak from second median

branch to anal angle, and a slender line on the margin

beyond it, black ; fringe almost as above, but brighter in

colour ; palpi below white ; pectus pale sordid yellow,

the tarsi banded with brown ; venter yellowish, the

posterior segments obscurely banded with reddish, and

flecked with black; anal tuft brown ; expanse of wings,

1 inch 6 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

TOXOCAMPIDA.

77. Apopestes inconspicud, N. 8.

Most like A. phantasma, but not much larger than

Autophila dilucida of Europe; primaries sericeous,

whity brown, densely irrorated with dark grey, so that

the general appearance is greenish grey; the dark

irroration is less dense along the edges of the dentated

lines, so that they will have a pale margin either on one

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT I. (JULY.) 2c

192 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

side or the other; three irregularly dentated dark grey

lines, the first oblique, at basal fourth, the second and

third subparallel, transverse, dividing the dise into three

nearly equal parts ; a fourth almost obsolete between the

first and second, part of which forms a blackish >-like

marking on the disco-cellulars; a marginal series of

black dots; costal border spotted with black; fringe

whity brown ; secondaries whity brown, slightly greyish,

crossed by a central bisinuated grey stripe and a broad

grey external border ; thorax pale brown, speckled with

black; abdomen whity brown; under surface whity

brown ; wings crossed just beyond the middle by a curved

grey stripe, and near the outer margins by a grey band ;

a slender dark grey zigzag marginal line; primaries

with an oblique costal blackish streak just before the

middle, a second at the commencement of the post-

median stripe and three small spots at the commence-

ment of the discal band ; body slightly yellower than the

wings ; anterior legs blackish above, the tarsi banded

with whitish ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 10 lines.

Tokei (Fenton); Yokohama (H. Pryer).

The specimen received from Mr. Pryer is rather darker

than those from Tokei, and has blackish spots on the

disco-cellulars below.

78. Toxocampa vulcanea, n. 8.

Allied to 7’. ludicra of Europe, from which it may

easily be distinguished by its much greater size, more

lilacine primaries, and darker secondaries; the latter

are bronze-brown, with a broad fuliginous-brown border

and whity brown fringe ; expanse of wings, 2 inches to

2 inches 2 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

A specimen of this species, sent from Yokohama by

Mr. H. Pryer, is paler even than ordinary examples of

T’. ludicra, but it is not in good condition, and appears

to me to be much faded; its size is slightly superior

to the Tokei specimens.

POLYDESMIDA.

79. Pandesma virens, n. s.

Near to P. eurychlora of India; primaries pale emerald-

green, slightly irrorated with black, and crossed by

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 198

darker dentate-sinuate lines partly bordered with white ;

an abbreviated irregular subbasal red-brown belt, almost

divided in the cell by a streak of green speckled with

black ; orbicular and reniform spots outlined in white ; a

broad angulated and undulated discal red-brown belt,

followed immediately by a marginal chain-lke series of

large subconfluent green spots with brown centres ; the

apex and two or three longitudinal streaks on the radial

interspaces blackish; fringe dark brown spotted with

whitish; secondaries greyish brown, with cupreous

reflections ; costal area towards base white, opaline ;

thorax green, banded with black and white ; abdomen

pale shining brown, with dusky dorsal tufts, and white

hind margins to the segments; under surface sandy

brown, with golden reflections ; wings with black angu-

lated disco-cellular markings ; a dusky dentated line just

beyond the cell, and a diffused greyish discal band; a

slender black marginal line; frmge spotted with blackish ;

primaries with the interno-basal area opaline-white ; tarsi

black, banded with pale sandy yellow ; expanse of wings,

1 inch 9 lines.

Tokei (Fenton). .

Dandaca eurychlora, D. biformis, and Felinia term-

nigera must be referred to Pandesma of Guénée ; Dan-

daca senex, on the other hand, belongs to the genus

Eliochrea of Walker, which should be placed next to

Blenina in the Amphipyride, whilst Dandaca columba

will supersede the genus Minica, with which it agrees in

structure.

HYPOGRAMMIDA.

80. Gerbatha subfasciata, n. 8.

Primaries above sericeous leaden grey ; base brownish;

an angular dark grey line, indented in the middle, across

the basal third, followed immediately by the central band,

which is broad but constricted in the middle, its upper

half outlined in chocolate-brown, and crossed by three

oblique dark grey lines, which are washed, within the

cell, with reddish cupreous; the subcentral portion of

this band, from the second median branch to the middle

of the interno-median interspace is reddish cupreous,

and from this point to the inner margin dark chocolate-

brown, edged with black; immediately beyond the

central band is a widely bisinuated dark grey line; the

orbicular spot is obsolete, and the reniform spot, which

194 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

falls just within the central band, is feebly indicated by

a C-shaped grey outline; an indistinct sinuated grey

submarginal line; two widely separated dusky spots

close to the outer margin, and a marginal series of black

dots; fringe brownish, traversed by a dark grey line ;

secondaries greyish, changing to bronzy brown in certain

lights; a dusky marginal line; fringe brownish,

traversed by a dark grey line; thorax grey, with the

posterior margin of the collar black ; tegule more or less

washed with rose-red; metathorax with central tes-

taceous tufts; abdomen greyish white or pale greyish

brown, dorsal tufts black and lake-brown ; anal tuft dark

brown ; under surface whity brown ; wings shining, with

disco-cellular spots, a discal stripe, and an indistinct

marginal series of dots, grey; expanse of wings, 1 inch

1 line.

Tokei (Fenton).

81. Gerbatha granitalis, n.s.

Primaries above granite-grey, crossed at basal sixth by

an oblique zigzag black line ; a bisinuated oblique black

line at basal third, forming the inner limit of the central

belt ; the latter is oblique, dark grey, washed with red-

dish in the cell, its upper two-thirds diffused, only partly

limited by an indistinct transverse quadrate ‘‘ reniform”’

spot, its lower third limited externally by the discal line,

which is black and sigmoidal; an indistinct grey line

parallel to and immediately beyond the discal line ;

external area and a discal nebula cupreous-brown; a

longitudinal black streak running inwards from the

external angle almost to the discal line; a blackish

marginal line; fringe slaty grey; secondaries pale

shining brown ; fringe with a whitish basal line ; thorax

eranite-grey ; abdomen greyish brown; under surface

pale shining pinky brown; the secondaries with an in-

distinct darker disco-cellular spot and bisinuated discal

line ; frmge and under surface of body paler than the

wings; expanse of wings, 1 inch 1 line.

Tokei (Fenton).

82. Ercheia umbrosa, n. s.

Nearest to HY. tenebrosaria of the Andaman Islands,

but at once distinguishable by the entire absence of white

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 195

spots from the secondaries; primaries above shining

dull purplish brown, the internal area, a large marginal

spot on the second median interspace, and a small

marginal subapical spot, sandy yellowish ; two or three

irregular spots and streaks of yellowish over and beyond

the end of the cell; the black irregular lines abbreviated

much asin E. cyllaria of Cramer ; two or three discal

longitudinal black lines towards the apex; a widely

bisinuated submarginal white line towards the external

angle; secondaries greyish brown, with bronzy re-

flections ; basi-costal area opaline-white ; a very irregular

pale stripe just beyond the middle, and a second abbre-

viated stripe towards the anal angle; fringe sandy

yellowish, spotted with greyish brown, and with creamy

whitish towards apex; thorax sandy yellowish, with the

sides of the collar and the tegule broadly streaked with

dark brown ; abdomen pearly grey ; under surface nearly

as in the allied species, and scarcely differing from

E tenebrosaria ; expanse of wings, 2 inches 5 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

CATOCALIDA.

838. Catocala omphale, n. s.

Primaries above rich olive-brown; the base lilacine

erey, crossed at costa by a biangulated black line; an

oblique curved black band enclosing a pale brown stripe,

limiting the central belt internally ; the latter extending

far into the disc, similar in form to that of C. jonasii

(Hl. Typ. Lep. Het. 1., pl. xxxiil., fig. 6), but in colour-

ing nearer to C. ella, the costal half being white internally,

and brown varied with whitish externally, the median

branches, radials, and longitudinal streaks on the radial

interspaces black; lower half llacine grey; orbicular

spot obsolete ; reniform white, with brown centre and

black margins, and just below it a black-edged semi-

circular white spot; a diffused oblique blackish streak

from the apex almost to the semicircular spot* ; costal

area immediately beyond the central belt speckled with

white ; a submarginal series of squamose whitish hastate

spots, bounded internally by a slender zigzag blackish

stripe; a marginal series of black-edged pure white

dots ; fringe speckled internally and spotted externally

with white; secondaries purplish brown, almost black,

* On the left side this spot is exactly like an italic D.

196 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

excepting towards the abdominal margin; a spot at the

origin of the medial branches, and a rather slender

angulated and externally dentated band beyond the cell

orange; an ochreous marginal streak at apex; apical

fringe white, remainder of fringe greyish brown, spotted

with testaceous; thorax ash-grey, barred with black ;

abdomen olive-brown, the sides at base and the anal

tuft grey ; wings below sordid creamy whitish, an angu-

lated black discal belt, and a broad internally angulated

external blackish border ; fringe spotted with blackish ;

primaries with a broad oblique subbasal belt, the area

between the discal belt and the external border nearly

pure white; a whitish diffused apical costal streak ;

secondaries with a dusky diffused brownish oblique bar

across the abdominal area, and representing the sub-

basal belt of the primaries ; apex greyish; body below

woolly white ; legs speckled with black ; the tarsi black,

banded with cream-colour ; expanse of wings, 2 inches

8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

One of the most beautiful of the Eastern Catocale ;

it seems to be most nearly allied to C. xarippe of

Hakodaté.

84. Catocala connexa, Nn. 8.

Primaries almost exactly as in C. esther (Ill. Typ. Lep.

Het. pt. ii., pl. xxxiii., fig. 9 (1878), but of an almost

uniform ash-grey tint ; secondaries nearly as in C. para-

nympha of Europe, excepting that the loop-like band from

the base is carried down to the external belt, so that it

leaves only a spot of the ground colour close to the margin

on the interno-median area, where (in C. paranympha)

the external belt is interrupted; the outer half of the

loop-like band is also broader, and the centre of it of

a duller yellow colour than in the European species ;

expanse of wings, 2 inches 2 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

This species should stand between C. paranympha and

C. esther.

85. Catocala nubila, n. s.

Nearest to C. dotata of India ; primaries above granite-

grey, slightly tinted with brown behind the black mark-

ings, which are as follows: a black spot with pale centre

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 197

at the base of the costa; an irregular abbreviated belt

from the costa at basal fourth, its centre traversed by an

irregularly sinuated pale line; a second somewhat

similar band from the centre of the costa to the origin of

the second and third median branches; from these

abbreviated bands two approximated undulated slender

black lines run to the inner margin; two subparallel

denticulated discal lines, the inner one abruptly angu-

lated and duplicated towards the costa ; a marginal series

of black dots bordered externally with white; fringe

brown, spotted with blackish; secondaries bright

ochreous, the abdominal area pale dull pinky brown ;

an irregularly angulated unequal central belt and a

rather broad marginal belt, smmuated internally, and in-

terrupted at apex by a large ochreous spot, blackish

chocolate ; fringe spotted with blackish (excepting at

apex) at the extremities of the veins; thorax pale grey,

barred with black ; abdomen pale brown, whitish at the

sides; wings below straw-yellow, crossed by a central

oblique externally angulated chocolate-brown band and a

broad marginal belt, interrupted at apex by a large spot

of the ground colour, primaries crossed near the base by

a very oblique greyish brown belt; the external belt

sharply angulated internally ; secondaries pale towards

the abdominal border; the external belt trisinuated

internally as above; body below white; tarsi black,

banded with pale yellow; expanse of wings, 2 inches

6 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

HYPOPYRID.

86. Spurama egrota, n. 8.

Near to S. martha*, but rather paler above, and with

less prominent markings; the first and second lines on

the primaries much nearer together, the third line hardly

represented, excepting by the black dots on the nervures ;

the disc more pink in tint, the external area decidedly

more greenish olive in colour, and the fringe much more

rosy; the body paler and greyer ; below, the differences

are more decided; the whole ground colour is of a

brilliant brick-red colour, not sordid as in S. martha ;

the first transverse dusky line of the primaries is barely

distinguishable, and crosses the wing at the end of the

cell, instead of at some distance beyond it, the other lines

* “ Hypopyra martha” (Il. Typ. Lep. Het. ii, pl. xxxiv., fig.3.)

198 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

are more slender; the dusky external border is wholly

wanting ; the fringe i is shining grey ; expanse of wings—

male, 2 inches 8 lines ; female, 3 inches 8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

87. Spirama simplicior, n.s.

Near to S. japonica, S. retorta, and allies, but both

sexes above with the typical female coloration, the male

being only slightly darker than the female, ‘and most

noticeably so in havi ing the basal half of the secondaries

blackish brown ; the principal differences between this

species and female of S. japonica are in the smaller

black spot at the extremity of the scroll-like line of the

primaries, and in the almost straight instead of dentate-

sinuate pale stripe beyond the dark discal belt of the

secondaries ; the ground colour is also of a more rosy

flesh-tint, with no white stripes; the males are easily

separable, that of S. japonica being black-brown, with

bronzy reflections above and below (as usually in this

genus); under surface of male S. simplicior always with

a trace of red, frequently sordid rose-red throughout ;

female bright orange, the lines rather more slender than

in S. japonica; expanse of wings—male, 2 inches 6

lines; female, 3 inches, 4 lines.

Tokei (Fenton) ; Nikko (Maries) ; Yokohama (Jonas).

OPHIUSIDA.

88. Chrysorithrum fuscum, n. 8.

?. Primaries with the same pattern as C. amatum*,

but the whole of the lilacine grey areas replaced by olive-

brown; the black spot representing the ‘‘ orbicular ”

wanting ; the outer border paler than the rest of the

wing; secondaries with the black diffused bands narrower,

and the central orange belt of a different form, wider,

and with undulated inner margin ; body greyer ; expanse

of wings, 2 inches 7 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

89. Chrysorithrum rufescens, Ni. s.

g@. Also allied to C. amatwn, but the primaries with

pink instead of lilacine ground colour, and with the dark

* Catocala amata, Brem.; Ménétriés, Cat. Lep. Mus. Petrop. ili.,

pl. xvii., fig 4.

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. igs

markings rich reddish chocolate ; the outer (forked) belt

broader, and with much straighter inner edge, the sub-

basal belt less acutely angulated; secondaries with a

deep orange band across the basal third, tapering from

the costa to the end of the cell; the ordinary orange

discal belt much deeper in colour and more angular; a

large bright ochreous apical patch ; a narrow external

border continuous with the ochreous patch, and a large

diffused marginal obtusely conical patch near the external

angle sordid ochreous; body more uniform in colouring ;

under surface considerably brighter in colour, ochreous,

the external area of the primaries and the greater part

of the secondaries washed with brownish and irrorated

with minute dusky lines ; the transverse belt just beyond

the middle of the primaries bright black, instead of dark

brown, and narrower than in C. amatum, the belt beyond

it (pale sordid straw-yellow in Bremer’s species) bright

ochreous, and of more than double the width; external

angle clear yellow, a discal diffused black patch above the

latter ; central line of secondaries distinctly sinuous and

irregular instead of simply arched, the nebulous discal

belt less distinct and broadly excavated externally; ex-

panse of wings, 2 inches 9 lines.

Yokohama (Jonas).

When we received this species I supposed that the

above differences between it and C. amatuwm were due to

sex; as, however, I now know that the sexes of that

species do not differ either in colour or pattern, it has

been necessary to give this form a distinct name.

THERMESIIDA.

PYRINIOIDES, N. g.

Aspect of Pyrinia (Geometrites), but apparently allied

to Thermesia; the primaries triangular, with the costal

and outer margins slightly sinuous, apex acute ; median

vein four-branched, the discoidal cell much elongated ;

secondaries rather small, short pyriform, the cell short

and very broad; costal border swollen near the base ;

thorax short, rounded ; abdomen slender, slightly taper-

ing; head small, with short palpi; antenne rather

short, not pectinated, but with an extremely short internal

fringe; posterior tibie with a slender pencil, the full

length of this joint, emitted from the knee.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT Il. (JULY.) 2D

200 Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan.

90. Pyrinioides aurea, ni. 8.

Shining golden yellow, reticulated with red-brown ;

primaries crossed by a dark brown post-median line, to

which three red-brown parallel lines run, at about equal

distances apart, from the middle of the outer margin,

the external angle, and the inner margin; secondaries

crossed before the middle by a red-brown line towards

which two other lines, from the anal angle and the outer

margin, converge; body paler than the wings, back

of metathorax whitish; third abdominal segment pink,

with red-brown posterior margin; under surface pale

straw-yellow; markings nearly as above, less con-

spicuous ; primaries with a dark spot at the end of the

cell ; internal border sericeous pinky whitish ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch.

Tokei (Fenton).

A most extraordinary little species ; the slender pencil

of hair which lies close along the front margin of the

tibial joint of the hind legs is unusually long for such

an appendage.

eee

(aon 2°

XIII. On the genus Sypna of Guénée ; a group of Lepi-

doptera of the tribe Noctuites. By Arruur G.

Borner, FL58., F.Z.S8.,. de.

[Read June 1st, 1881.]

THE genus Sypna was founded by M. Guénée in the 3rd

part of his ‘ Noctuélites’ (Hist. Nat. des Insectes, Lépi-

doptéres, Vol. vii., p. 144), for the reception of a single

Indian species, S. omicronigera.

In his ‘ Catalogue of Lepidoptera-Heterocera,’ Walker

correctly identified the genus (although at the time we

did not possess the typical species), and added descrip-

tions of three new forms under the names of 8. sub-

signata, albilinea, and celisparsa; in the same volume,

however, Walker described a certain genus Tavia (see

p. 1275) with two species, 7’. instrwens and T. substruens,

and his subsequent inability to recognise the characters

of this his own genus has hitherto robbed Sypna of

not a few species which should by right be referred

to it.

In the ‘ Supplement’ to his Catalogue, Walker adds the

description of a Sypna lugens from Ceylon, which is not

a Sypna at all, or anything like one, but is identical with

Achea reversa of Walker (Cat. Lep. Het. xiv., p. 1899) ;

and then in the next two or three pages he describes five

species as referable to Tavia, viz., T'’. punctosa, T. dubi-

taria, T’. caliginosa, T. albilinea, and T’. submarginata,

all of which are true Sypne ; he has thus been the means

of misleading subsequent workers who have added more

Sypne to Tavia, giving one the impression that the two

genera must be extremely closely allied, whereas Sypna

is a group of Hrebide, similar in pattern and general

coloration, as a rule, to Mormo; and Tavia on the other

hand is in part identical with Speiredonia, a genus of the

family Ommatophoride, T’. substruens being conspecific

with S. feducia of Stoll.

Tavia, therefore, will have to be restricted i in future to

the African species, and should, in my opinion, be placed

next to Latebraria.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—paRT II. (JULY.)

202 Mr. A. G. Butler on

In the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society’ for 1867,

Mr. Moore added three species to the genus—S. curvi-

linea, S. rectilinea, and S. cyanivitta; and two other

species, S. biocularis and S. catocaloides, he followed

Walker in referring to T'avia, they being more like species

placed by Walker in the latter genus than some of the

forms of Sypna.

In 1876 Felder and Rogenhofer brought out the 5th

volume of the ‘Lepidoptera of the Novara,’ in which

they followed Mr. Moore, and figured a Sypna allied to

S. dubitaria as Tarvia (sic) martina.

Lastly, in 1877, I described four species of Sypna from

Japan in the 2nd volume of the ‘ Cistula Entomologica,’

and subsequently figured them in Parts II. and ILI. of

the ‘ Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera-

Heterocera,’ and, in 1880, I added a remarkable new

form from Madagascar in the ‘ Annals and Magazine of

Natural History.’ Nine new species from Darjiling and

Assam remain to be described.

List oF THE SpEcIES oF Sypna.

1. Sypna mormoides, n. s.

Allied to S. dubitaria, but as large as S. catocaloides ;

primaries above dark brown, with very faint lilacine

tinge, traversed by numerous pale sinuated lines, the

basal half crossed by two irregular black-bordered dark

brown bands; a third abbreviated band black, traversed

by two irregular pale lines from the costa to the first

median branch ; a fourth slightly zigzag and undulated

black band traversed by an irregularly undulated pale

line across the disc; a submarginal series of white-pupilled

black spots followed by an undulated black marginal

line; fringe dark brown, traversed by a basal, a central,

and a marginal pale line; secondaries sericeous fuli-

ginous-brown, the dise crossed by four or five macular

parallel discal stripes, which are obsolete towards the

costa, but gradually increase in intensity towards the

abdominal border, becoming quite black below the second

median vein, when they are also rendered more promi-

nent by a background of lilacine scales; a submarginal

undulated black line, interrupted below the radial vein

by a series of five white dots; marginal black line and

fringe as in the primaries; thorax above black-brown,

irrorated and transversely striped with whitish ; abdomen

the genus Sypna. 203

dark fuliginous-brown; under surface of primaries

pale fuliginous-brown, slightly yellowish ; a subangulated

blackish band immediately beyond the cell, followed by a

sordid white band, which is again followed by a broad

curved tapering dusky belt; a sordid whitish spot just

within the end of the cell ; a submarginal series of black

spots, pupilled externally with cream-colour ; fringe

traversed by an indistinct slender dusky line, and tipped

with blackish; secondaries greyish brown, with faint

pinky reflections ; a large dusky bordered whitish disco-

cellular spot, followed by an arched indistinct greyish

stripe, followed by two arched undulated dusky discal

stripes ; external border broadly greyish ; submarginal

spots and fringe as in primaries; expanse of wings,

3 inches 4 lines.

Male, female, Darjiling (Sadler and Lidderdale).—

Type, B. M.

2. Sypna dubitaria.

Tavia dubitaria, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Suppl. 3,

p- 989 (1865).

Darjiling (Lidderdale, &c.)—B. M.

3. Sypna martina.

Tarvia 2? martina, Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise der

Nov. Lep. v. pl. exiv. fig. 6 (1876).

Sumatra.

The primaries of this species much resemble those of

S. dubitaria, but the secondaries have a yellow-spotted

border, and more nearly resemble the female of S. fwmosa.

4, Sypna tenebrosa, 0. 8.

Allied to the preceding species, but with the broad

dark belt of the primaries interrupted by the veins; the

discal band bounding the external area darker ; the pale

central belt of the secondaries obsolete ; the external

area paler in the male, darker in the female; the

yellowish spots on the fringe of the male only visible

towards the apex, those of the female broadly interrupted

opposite to the median interspaces ; the grey intersect-

ing line also does not cross the yellow spots as in

S. martina; the under surface seems to be entirely

different: it is whity brown in the male, creamy whitish

204 Mr. A. G. Butler on

in the female, crossed beyond the middle of the primaries

by an oblique belt, and at the middle of the secondaries

by an arched belt of four alternately dark brown and

sordid white bands; the innermost band, however, is

indistinct, particularly on the secondaries of the male,

where it is also interrupted by a whitish disco-cellular

lunule ; a broad curved discal belt, smoky brown in the

male, blackish in the female, its outer edge very irregular,

and forming two unequal projections to the outer mar-

gin on the secondaries ; a submarginal series of lunate

black dots ; fringe with dusky tips ; body below pale buff ;

expanse of wings—male 2 inches 38 lines, female 2 inches

4 lines.

Darjiling (Lidderdale).—Type, B. M.

5. Sypna omicronigera.

Sypna omicronigera, Guenée, Noct. iii. p. 145, n. 1580

(1852).

Shillong, Assam, and Darjiling (Lidderdale).—B. M.

6. Sypna celisparsa.

Sypna celisparsa, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xiv. p. 1262,

n. 4 (1857).

Assam (Warwick).—Type, B. M.

7. Sypna submarginata.

Tavia submarginata, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Suppl. 3,

p. 941 (1865).

Darjiling (Lidderdale).—B. M.

8. Sypna umbrosa, n. 8.

Coloration of S. omicronigera; primaries dark smoky

brown, faintly shot, to beyond the cell, with violet, and

crossed by three nearly equidistant irregularly undulated

and sinuated black lines, the second passing through the

reniform spot, which is very indistinct and gr eenish j grey ;

a submarginal series of small blackish-dotted whity

brown spots; apical third of costal margin spotted with

pale buff; fringe spotted, and with a basal line of pale

buff ; secondaries pale brown, shining whitish towards

the costa; thorax and dor sal abdominal tufts dark

the genus Sypna. 205

brown ; abdomen and under surface pale brown ; wings

below with broad dusky external borders; primaries

with dusky costal border; secondaries with a small

blackish curved anal dash; expanse of wings, 1 inch

10 lines.

Shillong, Assam.—Type, B. M.

9. Sypna biocularis.

Tavia biocularis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 71.

Bengal (Russell).

Nearly allied to S. caliginosa of Walker.

10. Sypna caliginosa.

Tavia caliginosa, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Suppl. 3,

p- 940 (1865).

Darjiling (Lidderdale.)—B. M.

11. Sypna punctosa.

Tavia punctosa, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Suppl. 3, p. 989

(1865).

Shillong, Assam.—B. M.

12. Sypna subsignata.

Sypna subsignata, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xiv. p. 1261,

n. 2 (1857).

Singapore (Wallace).

13. Sypna fuliginosa.

Sypna fuliginosa, Butler, Cist. Ent. i. p. 245, n. 4

(1877); Ul. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 26, pl. xlvii.

fig. 8 (1879).

Male, Yokohama (Pryer); Nikko (Maries); female,

Tokei (Fenton) ; Hakodaté (Whitely).—Type, B. M.

14. Sypna fumosa.

Sypna fumosa, Butler, Cist. Ent. ii. p. 245, n. 8

Get )s IL Typ. Lep: Bets. p,.41,. pl. xxxiii.

fig. 8 (1878).

Male, Yokohama (Jonas) ; male, female, Tokei (Fenton) ;

emale, Hakodaté (Whitely).—Type, B. M.

206 Mr. A. G. Butler on

This species is nearly allied to the preceding, but with

the central belt and external area, the discoidal spots,

and under surface much paler ; the secondaries are also

paler, and the post-median line on these wings more

angular ; it is nevertheless possible that S. fwmosa may

prove to be a well-marked variation of S. fuliginosa.

15. Sypna apicalis, n. 8.

Allied to S. fumosa and S. catocaloides; from the

former it principally differs on the upper surface in its

more pointed primaries and subangulated secondaries, the

latter with a large marginal lunate creamy ochreous

apical patch ; on the under side, however, it is entirely

different, and more nearly resembles S. catocaloides,

being of a creamy yellowish colour, the wings crossed by

three black bands, slightly curved and converging

towards the inner margin (which they do not, however,

reach), on the primaries angulated and undulated on the

secondaries, where the second and third are almost

united from the middle upwards by a large subapical

blackish blotch ; an indistinct dusky line immediately

beyond the third band, and asubmarginal series of black

dots ; secondaries with two parallel black dashes at

the end of the cell ; expanse of wings, 2 inches 1 line.

Darjiling (Lidderdale).—Type, B. M.

As I have compared this with figured species, it should

be easy to recognise.

16. Sypna catocaloides.

Tavia catocaloides, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 71,

pl. vii. fig. 3.

Darjiling (Lidderdale).—B. M.

17. Sypna lucilla, n. 8.

Primaries above gravel-brown, crossed by blackish

strie and by a very broad and slightly irregular cream-

coloured belt, which is interrupted upon the costa by a

triangular black-speckled brown patch, and four or five

dots in an oblique series just below it; a broad slaty

grey subbasal band, bounded externally on the inner

margin by a small bluish white spot; discoidal spots

pure white, small; external area crossed by. lilacine

the genus Sypna. 207

veins, a very irregular black line, followed by a sub-

marginal series of black lunules, spotted externally with

pale buff; fringe smoky brown; secondaries with the

basal area to the central dusky line creamy yellowish,

with brassy and opaline reflections, but the interno-

median area densely clothed with pale brown hair; a

rather broad band just beyond the middle, its upper half

creamy yellowish, its lower half pinky white, traversed,

from the abdominal margin, by an abbreviated grey line ;

a broad tapering blackish discal band; external area

testaceous, mottled with brown ; submarginal markings

and fringe as in the primaries ; veins shot with lilacine ;

thorax whity brown ; abdomen smoky brown, with whitish

hind margins to the segments; under surface creamy

whitish ; primaries with the costal and external borders,

and the apical area, speckled with black; three blackish

abbreviated stripes, the two first parallel and oblique, the

third transverse and slightly irregular; fringe dusky ;

a submarginal series of black dots; secondaries speckled

with black, crossed in the middle by two slender

undulated and obtusely angulated blackish lines; dise

crossed by a slightly sinuous diffused blackish band ;

a submarginal series of black dots; fringe greyish

towards the anal angle; expanse of wings, 2 inches

3 lines.

Darjiling (Iidderdale).—Type, B. M.

18. Sypna obscurata, n. 8.

‘ Nearly allied to the preceding species, but altogether

considerably darker, the ground colour of the primaries

being of a ferruginous-red tint, clouded with shining

erey and mottled with black; the subbasal band is of a

shining indigo-blue rather than slate-colour, and is barely

distinguishable from the grey cloudings ; the broad belt

is dull greyish white, streaked with metallic-green, and

mottled here and there with black in the male; in the

female it is scarcely paler than the rest of the ground

colour, but in both sexes its inner edge is considerably

straighter than in S. lucilla ; the reniform spot is repre-

sented by three white dots ina slightly curved series ; the

secondaries are cupreous-brown, with pale costal border

and the commencement of a pale central band; the latter

is, however, almost lost as it reaches the radial vein ; the

other markings are altogether darker, the apex is spotted

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—paRT Il. (JULY.) 25

208 Mr. A. G. Butler on

with buff, the body is much darker ; the under surface

much more densely mottled, and distinctly banded with

black; expanse of wings—male, 2 inches; female,

2 inches 3 lines.

Shillong and Darjiling (Lidderdale).—Type, B. M.

19. Sypna pulchra, n. 8.

Primaries alternately banded with ochreous and

blackish, the whole traversed by numerous undulated

parallel black lines; all the blackish bands and black

lines brilliantly shot with green towards the base, and

with purple beyond; external border pale golden buff

towards apex, and external angle dark brown just below

the centre ; a submarginal series of white-pupilled black

dots ; fringe varied with blackish ; secondaries with basal

half lilacine grey ; costa cupreous-white; external area

blackish, shot with purple, edged internally, and streaked

at anal angle and on apical fringe with golden ochreous ;

submarginal dots as in primaries; body pale; under

surface greyish, with whitish post-median band enclosing

a dusky stripe, and followed by a purplish black tapering

belt ; external border buff; white-dotted black sub-

marginal spots; body buff; legs varied with grey ;

expanse of wings, 1 inch 10 lines.

Darjiling (Lidderdale).—Type, B. M.

20. Sypna curvilinea.

Sypna curvilinea, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 69,

pl. vi. fig. 4.

Darjiling (Lidderdale, &c.)—B. M.

21. Sypna picta.

Sypna picta, Butler, Cist. Ent. ii. p. 244, n. 1 (1877) ;

Ill. Typ. Lep. Het. i. p. 40, pl. xxxiii. fig. 2

(1878).

Hakodate (Whitely) ; Yokohama (Jonas); Tokei (en-

ton); Nikko (Maries).—Type, B. M.

This is the commonest but most beautiful of the

Japanese species.

the genus Sypna. 209

22. Sypna moorei, n. s.

Near to S. rectilinea and S. achatina ; larger than the

former and smaller than the latter ; much darker than

either; the llacine white lines on the primaries more

slender than in S. achatina, indistinct, the pale areas

barely indicated ; primaries with a distinct zigzag black

discal line; a white orbicular point in the cell; sub-

marginal spots black and white; under surface as in

S. achatina ; expanse of wings, 2 inches 2 lines.

Two specimens, Shillong, Assam.—Type, B. M.

23. Sypna rectilinea.

Sypna rectilinea, Moore, Proc. Zool Soc. 1867, p. 70.

Tavia albilinea, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Suppl. 3,

p- 940 (1865).

Darjiling (Lidderdale).—B. M.

- 24. Sypna albilinea.

Sypna albilinea, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xiv., p. 1261,

n. 3 (1857).

Silhet.—Type, B. M.

This is allied to the preceding species.

25. Sypna achatina.

Sypna achatina, Butler, Cist. Ent. u. p. 245, n. 2

(1S77) 7s Typ--bep. Hetl ma) p.126:5 pls clu.

fig. 7 (1879).

Hakodaté (Whitely) ; Yokohama (Jonas).—Type, B. M.

26. Sypna cyanivitta.

Sypna cyanivitta, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 70.

Darjiling (Lidderdale).—B. M.

27. Sypna kirbyi, n.s.

Allied to S. cyanivitta; primaries lilacine chocolate-

brown, crossed before the middle by a broad regular pale

ereenish-grey band, traversed on each side by two parallel

lilacine lines, the outer ones interrupted by an elongated

ochraceous reniform spot; a pyriform chocolate-brown

210 Mr. A. G. Butler on the genus Sypna.

streak, and a dot on each side of it upon the costa within

the band; a blackish piceous line limiting the band in-

ternally, and an externally diffused band of the same

colour limiting it externally; an incomplete elbowed

subbasal black band, bordered on both sides with tes-

taceous; external area testaceous, irregular, sinuated

internally, and limited by a series of blackish spots; a

submarginal series of small white spots dotted with

black ; secondaries fuliginous-brown ; an indistinct pale-

bordered dusky curved stripe from the abdominal border

to the radial vein ; a testaceous stripe bordered externally

with blackish from the anal angle to the second sub-

costal branch; a submarginal series of white-pupilled

black spots, terminating at anal angle in a short white-

edged black stria; frimge with a slender undulated basal

testaceous line; thorax fuliginous-brown; antenne

ferruginous towards the tips; abdomen greyish brown ;

under surface whity brown, densely irrorated with greyish

brown scales; primaries not speckled towards the

interno-basal area ; a sinuous broadly whitish-bordered

black-brown band from beyond the cell to the inner

margin, its outer edge bounded by a curved dusky band;

an abbreviated transverse subapical dash; a_ sub-

marginal series of black and pale yellowish dots ;

secondaries with a blackish-edged whitish disco-cellular

spot ; a sinuous post-median blackish stripe, with pale

external border, followed by a nebulous indistinct dusky

discal belt ; submarginal spots as in primaries ; expanse

of wings, 2 inches 2—5 lines.

Darjiling (Lidderdale).—Type, B. M.

28. Sypna complicata.

Sypna complicata, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 5, vol. 5, p. 389, n. 46 (1880).

Fianarantsoa, Madagascar (Cowan).—Type, B. M.

In determining the species of Sypna I have been

assisted by Mr. Kirby’s MS. List of the described species,

for which I have to thank him, as it has satisfied me

that I have overlooked nothing.

tae)

XIV. Bhynchota from the Australian and Pacific Regions.

By W. L. Disranrt.

[Read June 1st, 1881.]

Havine recently had an opportunity, through the

courtesy of Dr. Schmeltz, of examining the Rhynchota

contained in the Museum Goddefroy of Hamburg, which

is principally, if not entirely, derived from the above

regions, | have, by the additional aid of specimens in my

own collection, been enabled to add a number of new

species to these faunas. The following is the first

contribution, and is interesting in adding four Australian

species to the genus Menida, a genus hitherto con-

sidered peculiar to the Ethiopian, Oriental, and Kastern

Palearctic Regions.

HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.

PENTATOMIDA.

PENTATOMIN.

Niarius illuminatus, n. 8.

Dark fuscous; head with the lateral margins and a

central longitudinal line, pronotum with the lateral

margins and two small central levigate spots on disk

situated a little before middle, scutellum with two

impunctate spots near basal angles and apex, base of

costal margin of corium, connexivum, lateral margins of

sternum, lateral margins and disk of abdomen beneath,

cox, legs, and rostrum, luteous. Antenne black, with

the outer margin of basal and bases of two apical joints

luteous. The basal joint of the antennz does not reach

the apex of the head. Head transversely striate ; pro-

notum thickly and finely punctate ; lateral margins

ampliated and sinuated; base slightly gibbous and

subrugulose. Scutellum finely punctate, and faintly and

transversely wrinkled near base. Corium finely punctate.

Under side of head, sternum, and lateral margins of

abdomen, thickly punctate.

TRANS. EN’. soc. 1681.—PART II. (JULY.)

212 Mr. W. L. Distant on Rhynchota

In some specimens the fuscous surface is much irro-

rated with luteous. Long. 10 mm.

Hab. Australia, Gayndah.

This species differs from N. wmbrosus, Stal, by the

colour of the head, basal margins of the corium and legs ;

and from N. venosus, Stal, by the shortness of the first

joint of the antenne and markings, &c.

Cephaloplatys fasciatus, 0. 8.

Ovate, ochraceous, irregularly and darkly punctate.

Head with the lateral lobes ampliated, reflexed, sinuated

on the lateral margins, much longer than central lobe,

cleft at apex, and thickly and darkly punctate ; punctures

arranged somewhat in longitudinal series ; central lobe,

excepting base, almost impunctate. Antenne red or

ochraceous; second and third joints subequal, a little

shorter in length than fourth and fifth, which are also

subequal. Pronotum with the lateral margins ampliated,

eradually widening from base, somewhat straight, acutely

pointed at anterior apex, and sparingly punctate ; the

whole pronotal surface is thickly and coarsely punctate,

but a lineal series of closely placed and very dark

punctures extends tranversely across disk between lateral

angles; a double series of like punctures are situated on

the inner side of each lateral margin, and there is also

an anterior submarginal row of the same. The pro-

notum is much deflexed anteriorly. Scutellum with an

elongate black fovea at each basal angle, and a series of

six longitudinal rows of dark punctures commencing

at base, of which two are lateral and terminate midway

on lateral margin; the two central are widest, but

amaleamate midway, and terminate in a narrow row at

apex ; on each side of these is a linear and unbroken row

terminating on apical margin. Corium with some

irregular longitudinal rows of darker punctures. Mem-

brane creamy white, with the nervures darker. Under

side of body red or ochraceous; head and sternum

coarsely, and abdomen finely, punctate; headand sternum

with a submarginal and irregular black fascia, slightly

punctate on prosternum, almost obsolete on mesosternum,

and levigate or very slightly punctate on metasternum.

Abdomen with two broad submarginal, and a central and

more broken and irregular, black fasciz. Legs slightly

from the Australian and Pacific Regions. 213

spotted with fuscous; rostrum reaching posterior coxe,

pitchy at apex. Long. 11to12mm. Lat. 6 mm.

Hab. Queensland, Rockhampton, Sidney.

Besides the very distinct markings, this species differs

from others of the genus by the elongated form of the

body. In general appearance it resembles species of the

genus Gellia of the subfamily Phyllocephalline.

Stollia trimaculata, n. s.

Ochraceous, coarsely and darkly punctate. Head

much shaded with fuscous, coarsely punctate, transversely

striate on disk, and with the central lobe a little longer

than the lateral. Antenne with the first three joints

ochraceous, fourth and fifth fuscous, fourth pale at base ;

second joint a little longer than the third, fourth subequal

with second, and shorter than fifth. Pronotum with the

lateral angles rounded and faintly subprominent, the

lateral margins luteous and levigate, a somewhat raised

and levigate transverse line on disk between lateral angles,

and two fuscous patches on disk near anterior margin.

Scutellum with a pale luteous levigate callosity in each

basal angle, and three fuscous spots on apical margin,

two lateral and one central. Base of costal margin of

corium luteous and levigate. Membrane fuscous. Head

beneath shining black and punctate; sternum ochraceous,

thickly covered with coarse dark punctures, lateral

margins of prosternum and underside of base of costal

margin of corium luteous and levigate. Abdomen with

the disk black and thickly and finely punctate, lateral

margins broadly and including stigmata, anal appendage,

and lateral margins of metasternum luteous and

punctate. Legs luteous, sparingly spotted with fuscous.

Rostrum luteous, with the apex pitchy. Long. 5} mm.

Hab. Sidney.

This species is allied to S. distacta, Dall., and belongs

to that section of the genus in which the margins

of the abdomen, including the stigmata, are pale and

unicolorous.

Stenozygum persignatum, Walk.

Strachia persignata, Walk., Cat. Het. i1., p. 847, 96.

S. ceelestes, Voll., Versl. Ak. Amst., Nat. (2), ii.,

p- 186, 54.

214 Mr. W. L. Distant on Rhynchota

Var. a. Head with the luteous marks much smaller,

and the central one between the eyes wanting. Pro-

notum with the central luteous line, but without the

irregular spots on disk.

Hab. Queensland, Peak Downs.

Stenozygum australis, n. s.

Bluish black. Head with an elongate pale luteous

spot on each lateral lobe near apex, and a transverse

spot of the same colour on each side in front of eyes.

Lateral lobes somewhat widely cleft at apex. Antenne

black, basal joint shortest, remaining joints subequal.

Pronotum with the anterior margin narrowly, the lateral

margins more broadly, and each side of the posterior

margin near lateral angles, narrowly luteous ; a luteous

transverse spot on each side of anterior margin, a small

pale luteous spot near centre of lateral margins, and a

central | -shaped spot of the same colour on disk, the

base of which rests on posterior margin, and the apex

reaches rather more than midway ; the disk is somewhat

coarsely but sparingly punctate, with a deep transverse

impression. Scutellum with a large central dark luteous

levigate spot at base, from which extends a narrow pale

luteous line not reaching apex, but crossed by a narrow

fascia of the same colour, thus forming a cruciform

mark; the apex also pale luteous. Corium with the

base of costal margin luteous, which colour is then

continued in a subcostal streak till it joins a large

transverse spot on apical margin, but which does not

extend to apical angle. Membrane bluish black, apical

margin pale, fuscous hyaline. The scutellum is gibbous

and levigate at base, after which it is obscurely punctate

and transversely rugulose; the corium is thickly and

finely punctate. Under side of body pale luteous ;

lateral margins of head beneath, a large subquadrate

spot on prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum, a

submarginal fascia and lateral portion of the incisures,

basal margin of apical segment, femora, excepting base,

and some linear lines on tibie, bluish black. Rostrum

bluish, with the base paler. Long. 6 mm.

Hab. Queensland, Peak Downs.

Var. a. Head immaculate, central pale discal fascia

to pronotum, lineal without the transverse base.

Hab. Queensland, Peak Downs.

from the Australian and Pacific Regions. 215

This species differs from S. persignatum, Walk., the

other known Australian species, by the more elongate

body and absence of luteous callosities at basal angles of

scutellum ; in general shape and hue it is more allied to

S. speciosum, Dall.

Catacanthus viridicatus, n. 8.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum dark bluish, with

ereen reflections ; corium bright emerald-green. Antenne

dark greenish, sparingly pilose; second joint a little

shorter than third, and subequal in length to fourth

(fifth wanting). Lateral lobes of the head with a few

irregular transverse sulcations. Pronotum levigate, very

faintly and obscurely wrinkled towards lateral and

anterior margins; lateral margins and two small trans-

verse linear impressions near anterior margin luteous.

Scutellum levigate, sparingly punctate towards apex,

which is luteous; a raised central longitudinal line

commences about the middle and terminates in a hollow

impression a little before apex. Corium thickly punctate

and subrugulose. Membrane with the basal half appa-

rently dark cupreous from reflection of dark surface of

abdomen, apical half pale fuscous. Connexivum luteous,

with a bluish quadrate spot on incisures. Body beneath

and femora luteous; abdomen with a marginal row of

blue spots at incisures, and two transverse green streaks

on anal appendage; apices of femora and tibie dark

greenish. Rostrum dull greenish, basal joint and under

side of second joint luteous. Ventral spine long, about

reaching anterior coxe. Long. 25 mm. Lat. pronot.

angl. 11 mm.

Hab. Tonga Islds.

This species is peculiar in having pale coloured femora,

a character possessed by no other species of the genus.

Menida consignata, n.s.

Black. Head above with a central and two lateral lines,

the last suddenly turned inwards from near eyes to base,

a small transverse spot in front and hind margin of eyes ;

pronotum with anterior and lateral margins, a lateral

submarginal band, and a large irregular spot on disk ;

scutellum with about basal half and apical fourth ;

connexivum ; lateral margins of head and body beneath,

TRANS. ENT. §0C. 1881.—PaRT II. (JULY,) 2F

216 Mr. W. L. Distant on Rhynchota

a large spot at base of head, and a sternal row of three

spots situated at coxe, abdomen with a discal row of

three spots on each side situated on third, fourth, and

fifth segments, and legs luteous or testaceous. Antenne

ochraceous, pilose, second and third joimts subequal,

fourth and fifth longest, incrassated and subequal. Head,

pronotum, and scutellum somewhat sparingly but deeply

punctate, corium thickly punctate, somewhat ochraceous

at base, under side of body punctate, disk of abdomen

levigate. Rostrum about reaching posterior coxe, pitchy,

first and second joints subluteous. Long. 6 to 7 mm.

Hab. Queensland, Peak Downs.

This species belongs to the group of the genus con-

taining the African species, M. loriventris, Germ., &e.

Menida plebeia, n. 8.

Ochraceous, punctured and mottled with fuscous.

Head broad, thickly and darkly punctate, margins of

central lobe distinctly bordered by dark punctures ;

antenne pale ochraceous, first three joints subequal in

length, fourth and fifth longest, incrassated and fuscous

at apices. Pronotum coarsely and darkly punctate,

with the anterior and lateral margins narrowly levigate

and luteous, and a broad basal fascia and two small

transverse fasciz on disk near anterior margin dark

fuscous. Scutellum coarsely and darkly punctate, with

a pale luteous narrow levigate transverse fascia at base,

on each side of which is a small dark fuscous spot, with

a small luteous levigate spot in each basal angle, a large

pyramidal dark fuscous spot on disk, and apex pale

luteous and levigate. Corium coarsely and darkly

punctate, with an indistinct submarginal longitudinal

narrow fuscous streak. Connexivum pale luteous, with

a faint testaceous stripe at incisures, and segmental

spines dark fuscous. Membrane cupreous. Under side

of body and legs luteous, under side of head and lateral

margins of sternum coarsely and darkly punctate. Abdo-

men beneath darkly punctate, punctures gradually de-

creasing towards disk, which is levigate, a margianl row

of small testaceous spots and stigmata also testaceous.

Rostrum reaching posterior coxe, luteous, fuscous towards

apex. Long. 6mm.

Hab. Sidney. Peak Downs.

from the Australian and Pacifie Regions. 217

Menida purpuraria, 0. 8.

Pale testaceous, coarsely punctate. Head with the

central lobe margined with black half-way from apex,

from thence-these black lines are outwardly reflexed and

continued to base as fuscous streaks ; margins of lateral

lobes very narrowly pale levigate, a subfoveate impression

at inner margin of eyes covered with black punctures.

Antenne testaceous, fourth joint with the apex pitchy

(fifth wanting), second and third joints subequal in

length. Pronotum with the lateral angles subprominent,

the lateral and anterior margins luteous and levigate

(the anterior margin more narrowly so), and two trans-

verse fuscous oblong impressions on disk forked exter-

nally ; excavated near lateral margins, and slightly

gibbous at base. Sentellum with three pale levigate

spots at base, one central, and one at each angle, apex

pale, apical margin very pale and levigate. Membrane

pale fuscous. Body beneath and legs ochraceous, lateral

margin of head, sternum, and abdomen broadly and

coarsely punctate, the punctures on head and sternum

fuscous. Ventral spine and basal abdominal spot bright

testaceous; abdominal margin with a row of fuscous

spots at segmental incisures. Rostrum reaching ventral

spine, with the tip pitchy. Long. 6 mm.

Hab. Queensland.

Allied to the preceding species, M. plebeia, but differs

by the less robust head, broader body, absence of levigate

fascia at base of scutellum, different colour, &c.

Menida personata, Ni. 8.

Dull ochraceous, more or less covered with dark

punctures. Head coarsely punctate, with the lateral

margins and five raised lines on disk luteous and levigate.

Pronotum somewhat coarsely punctate and slightly

rugulose, lateral and anterior margins narrowly luteous

and levigate, with two angulated fuscous patches on disk

near anterior margin, which are pointed inwardly, and

enclose a small luteous levigate spot. Scutellum sparingly

put coarsely punctate, with an irregular testaceous spot

near base, and two others of the same colour near apex,

narrowly divided in the centre. Corium sparingly and

coarsely punctate, with a large irregular testaceous spot

on inner margin parallel with the subapical spots of the

218 Rhynchota from Australian and Pacific Regions.

scutellum. Membrane pale fuscous, with the nervures

darker. Under side of body and legs luteous, lateral

margins of head, sternum, and abdomen broadly and

sparingly covered with dark punctures, a lateral row of

fuscous spots on each side of sternum near coxe, and a

series of faint transverse segmental testaceous streaks

on each side of abdomen. Femora spotted with fuscous.

Antenne with the basal joint luteous, second and third

testaceous, fourth and fifth black, with their bases

testaceous ; third joint a little longer than second, fourth

and fifth slightly incrassated. Head broad, rounded in

front, body broad and ovate. Long.7 mm. Lat.5 mm.

Hab. Queensland, Peak Downs.

This species is allied to that section of the genus

which is represented by the Oriental species, MW. histrio,

Fabr.

Cridigns)

XV. On the Tortricide, Tineide, and Pterophoride

of South Africa. By Lorp WaALsINGHAM, M.A.,

¥.Z.8., &c.

|Read June Ist, 1881.]

Turovan the courtesy of Mr. Roland Trimen, Curator

of the Natural History Museum at Capetown, South

Africa, I have had an opportunity of examining the

Micro-Lepidoptera collected by Mr. W. D. Gooch, of

Spring Vale, Victoria County, Natal, chiefly in the

neighbourhood _ of Spring Vale, but partly in the

vieinity of D’Urban. Mr. Trimen informs me that

they form part of a large collection of Lepidoptera-

Heterocera, made by Mr. Gooch during the years 1873

to 1879, and lately acquired by the Trustees of the

South African Museum.

To enable me to identify such as have already been

characterised it has been necessary to refer to all the

descriptions of South African species published up to

the present time.

Very little has as yet been done to make known to

entomologists the Micro-Lepidoptera of South Africa.

Only about 78 species of Tortricide and Tineide have

been described by different authors as occurring in that

district.

Professor Zeller, in the ‘Linnea Entomologica,’

vol. v. (1851), described Nemophora erinigerella; and in

vol. vi. (1852), two species of Pterophoride.

In the ‘Handlingar Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps

Akadamien,’ 1852, the same author described one new

genus, Lccopsis, and six new species of Tortricidae,

exclusive of Nycteolide, but including the genus

Choreutis, Hub., five new genera, and thirty-one new

species of Tineide and Pterophoride, all from Mr.

Wahlberg’s collection.

Mr. Stainton, in the Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., n.8s.,

vol. v., pp. 220—228 (1860), described five new species

of Tineide from Natal.

Mr. Walker, in the years 1863 to 1866, in his

‘Catalogue of Lepidoptera-Heterocera in the British

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART II. (JULY.)

220 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricidae,

Museum,’ vols. xxviii. to xxxv., described two new

genera and six new species of Tortricide, with six new

genera and twenty-seven new species of Tineide and

Pterophoride from Natal and the Transvaal.

In 1875 Herr Pastor Wallengren, in the ‘ Ofversigt

Af. Kongl. Vet. Akad. For.,’ 1875, Arg. 32, pp. 127—180,

described five new species of Tineide and one new

Alucita; and, in the same year, Messrs. Felder and

Rogenhofer figured eight species as new in the ‘ Reise der

Fregatte Novara.’

Thus the whole number of South African species in

the above-named groups (including also the Alucitide),

which have been distinguished up to the present time,

amount to 92 only, and this number must be somewhat

reduced, as I propose to show in the course of the

present paper, by the necessary rectification of their

synonymy.

The examination of Mr. Gooch’s collection has been

very instructive ; not only has it been found to contain

many new and interesting forms, but the necessary

study of the work already done has made me acquainted

with the typical species, upon which no less than eleven

genera have been founded, although four of these cannot

rightly be retained. It is much to be regretted that

many of Mr. Gooch’s specimens are not in sufficiently

good condition to warrant their description, and that for

this reason it has been necessary to pass over much new

material which might otherwise have been made avyail-

able to increase our very limited acquaintance with these

local forms.

The following, so far as I am able to ascertain, is a

complete list of described South African Tortricide,

Tineide, Pterophoride, and Alucitide, up to the present

time. It will be found to include descriptions of several

new specific and some new generic forms from Mr.

Gooch’s collection, with the addition of a few species

from my own cabinet, and two from the British

Museum.

I have endeavoured to make the list somewhat more

useful by pointing out the synonymy of the genera and

species wherever sufficient evidence has been found to

enable me to determine it, as well as by making a few

notes upon the typical specimens in the collection at the

British Museum where Mr. Walker’s descriptions have

seemed to require additions or corrections.

Tineida, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 221

TORTRICIDA.

Cacacia, Hiibner.

Cacecia reciprocana.

Teras reciprocana, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii.

295.

In Mr. Gooch’s collection are two female specimens,

which, although differing in the intensity of their

markings from the typical example described by Mr.

Walker, I cannot consider to be specifically distinct.

The bad condition of the original type prevents any

very accurate comparison, but there remain upon it

even yet some slight traces of those darker markings,

the absence of which might otherwise have appeared to

distinguish it from the two which are now before me. In

one of these, on the pale testaceous surface of the fore

wings, are to be found—first, an outwardly angulated

fascia on the basal fourth of the wing interrupted above

the middle; secondly, an outwardly angulated median

fascia attenuated but not interrupted above the middle ;

thirdly, a shade along the apical margin starting

obliquely outwards from the commencement of the

outer third of the costa, angulated below the middle

and confluent along the dorsal margin with the median

fascia: all these markings are of a darker or more

fuscous testaceous shade than the ground colour of the

wing. In the second example these markings are

almost entirely obsolete, except upon the costal margin.

I should consider this specimen as forming the connect-

ing link between the type of the species and the one

above described.

The male will probably be found to have a costal fold,

as the structure and appearance of the three females

before me are in all respects those of the genus Cacecia.

Taken at light in November. Spring Vale.

Cacacia ? capitana.

Tortrix capitana, F. & R., Reise d. Nov., pl. cxxxix.,

figs. 48, 49.

“ Affinis Ter. reciprocane, Walk.”

This species seems to differ in the absence of trans-

verse markings on the fore wings from any which are

222 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricidae,

represented in the British Museum or in Mr. Gooch’s

collection.

Cacecia adustana, n.s. (Pl. X., fig. 1).

Capite palpis antennis et thorace brunneo-cervinis.

Alis anticis (costa ante apicem emarginata) dilute sub-

ochraceo-cervinis ; fascia irregulari, postice reduplicata,

macula costali post-medium, costa extrema has inter-

jacente, et ciliis marginis apicalis, fusco-purpureo

suffusis ferrugineo dilute sublituratis. Posticis dilute

albido-stramineis.

Head, palpi, thorax and antenne fawn-brown, the

palpi projecting scarcely more than the length of the

head beyond it. Fore wings (with the costa slightly

emarginate before the apex, the apical margin slightly

indented) pale ochraceous fawn-colour, with a conspicuous

irregular purplish fuscous fascia, commencing before the

middle of the costa, tending outwards to the upper edge

of the cell, whence it is reduplicated ; the inner branch

running obliquely to the dorsal margin, slightly angu-

lated on the fold; the outer branch biangulate, one angle

being at the end of the cell and one on its lower edge,

whence it proceeds obliquely outwards to the outer half

of the dorsal margin; there is a rather triangular

purplish fuscous costal spot beyond the middle, faintly

prolonged by a few brownish scales in the direction of

the anal angle, and the extreme edge of the costa itself

is purplish fuscous, except at the base and apex. Cilia

purplish fuscous. The spaces round and about the dark

markings and between the forks of the central fascia are

more or less suffused or blotched with ferruginous-

brown, blending into the paler ground colour of the

wing. Under side pale straw-colour, except the dark

purplish cilia. Hind wings and cilia pale whitish straw-

colour. Expanse, 24 mm.

In Mr. Gooch’s collection are two specimens, both

females, taken at light in October at Spring Vale.

Lozotmnia, Herrich-Schaffer.

Lozotenia capensana.

Teras capensana, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii.

295.

Teras meridionana, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii.

295.

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 228

This species is represented in Mr. Gooch’s collection

by four males and two females, in somewhat better

condition than Mr. Walker’s original types which are in

the British Museum. Having quoted as synonyms the

two names supposed by Mr. Walker to have been given

by him to two distinct species, I feel that no apology

will be required for reprinting at full length the Latin

diagnosis of each as it appears on the same page of his

Catalogue:—

**53. Teras capensana.

‘“* Mas.—Pallide cervina; ale antice acute, strigulis

plurimis transyersis fuscescentibus; postice pallide

cineres.”

**55. Teras meridionana.

** Was.—Pallide cervina; ale strigulis plurimis trans-

versis indistinctis obscurioribus ; antice acute; postice

albido-cinerez.”’

The English descriptions which follow are almost as

nearly parallel word for word as the Latin. I may add

that a careful examination of the typical specimens still

further confirms the evidence of their identity. The

only appreciable difference between them is stated by

Mr. Walker thus :—T’. capensana, ‘‘length of the wings

8 lines”; JT’. meridionana, ‘length of the wings 9—10

lines”. The same difference of size occurs between

some of Mr. Gooch’s specimens. This species seems to

belong without doubt to the genus Lozotenia, Herrich-

Schaffer, as defined by Heinemann.

Taken ‘‘at light on grass.” Spring Vale. October,

November, and April.

Lozotenia dorsiplagana, n.s. (Pl. X., fig. 2).

Capite antennis et alis anticis subrufescente testaceis.

Alis anticis, costa arcuata fascia subobsoleta a medio

cost versus angulum analem oblique projecta; ante

eam plaga dorsali elongata quadrangulari sordide albida

tenuiter substriata; fascia abbreviata ante apicem;

maregine apicali cum ciliis aliquot obfuscato. Posticis

saturate ochraceo-cinereis.

Head rather reddish testaceous; palpi projecting

about the length of the head beyond it, subrostriform.

Fore wings with the costa rounded, reddish testaceous,

with an indistinct oblique fascia from the middle of the

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT I. (JULY.) 26

224 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

costa, tending obliquely outwards towards the anal

angle, preceded by a dingy whitish elongate quadran-

gular dorsal patch, which touches its inner edge, and

contains a few slender streaks of the darker ground

colour coming from the dorsal margin. Beyond the

central fascia, about half-way towards the apex, is an

abbreviated oblique fascia of the same colour. The

apical margin and cilia are slightly darker clouded.

Hind wings very pale cinereous-ochreous. HExpanse—

male, 17 mm.; female, 23 mm.

One male and two females in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

Lozotenia diluticiliana, n.s. (Pl. X., fig. 3).

Capite antennis palpis et alis anticis testaceis, medio

cost extremz dilutiore subochraceo; fascia mediali

obliqua macula costali triangulari et margine apicali

preecipue in dimidio superiore subpurpurascenti fuscis.

Ciliis dilutissime stramineis. Alis posticis dilute griseo-

fuscis, ciliis pallidioribus.

Head testaceous; antenne simple, together with the

rather short abruptly attenuated palpi also testaceous.

Fore wings testaceous, with an oblique darker (almost

purplish fuscous) central fascia more distinct towards

the costal margin, clearly defined on its inner edge, but

becoming blended with the paler ground colour out-

wardly, especially below the middle of the wing; a

rather triangular costal spot half-way between this and

the apex, as well as the apex itself, are of the same

colour, which also very narrowly overspreads the apical

margin, especially on its upper half. Cilla very pale

straw-colour. Hind wings diluted greyish fuscous, with

paler cilia. Expanse,l4 mm.

One specimen in the British Museum from South

Africa, presented by Mr. Roland 'Trimen.

Lozotenia elegans, n.s. (Pl. X., fig. 4).

Capite cum palpis bis longioribus porrectis ochraceo-

griseis. Alis anticis dilute ochraceo-griseis olivaceo

subreticulatis; fascia obliqua et macula costali ante

apicem triangulare olivaceo-fuscis. Posticis dilute

fuscescenti-griseis, puncto costali ante apicem fusco, et

linea in medio ciliorum pallidiorum fuscescenti-grisea.

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 225

Head, thorax, palpi and antenne pale yellowish grey,

the palpi extending twice the length of the head beyond

it, the second joint rather coarsely scaled, tapering

outwardly towards the short obtuse apical joint. Fore

wings with the costa rather prominently arched near

the base, the apical margin slightly oblique, somewhat

emarginate about the middle, pale yellowish grey,

minutely streaked and slightly spotted with olivaceous

scales, giving them a rather reticulated appearance; an

olivaceous fuscous outwardly oblique fascia from before

the middle of the costa; an elongate triangular costal

spot before the apex, and a slight shade near the base of

the dorsal margin of the same colour. Hind wings dull

greyish, with a slight fuscous costal spot near the apex,

and a dull greyish line along the middle of the paler

cilia. Hxpanse, 15 mm.

As compared with the American Lozotenia peritana

(Snucrotes peritana, Clem.), it can only be distinguished

by its larger size, longer palpi, and slightly less ochreous

colour; the costa is also more arched towards the base.

Four specimens in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

Taken at light at Spring Vale in November, and in

the Botanic Garden at D’Urban in September and

October.

SynpEmis, Hiibner.

Syndemis saburrana, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, pp. 83, 84.

Sciaphila saburrana, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

Xxvilli. 845.

Compesoctrena, Zeller.

Compsoctena primella (Pl. X., fig. 5).

Compsoctena primella, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, pp. 86—88.

Tissa inquinatalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii.,

pp. 518, 514.

Thapava natalana, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxx.,

pp. 995, 996.

Galaria subauratana, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

LExy., 0. LO0G.

This species is represented in Mr. Gooch’s collection

226 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

by six specimens, and is probably not uncommon in

South Africa.

Professor Zeller, in 1852, founded for it the genus

Compsoctena, and placed it among the Tineide.

Mr. Walker, in 1863, re-described it, from a specimen

received from Mr. Trimen, under the new generic and

specific names, ‘‘ Tissa inquinatalis,”’ pointing out very

clearly its essential characters, but failing to recognise

it as the insect previously described by Zeller. I have

carefully examined Mr. Walker’s typical specimen, which

he placed among the Tineide.

Among the addenda to his Catalogue, vol. xxx.,

p- 995, he characterised the new genus Thapava,

of which the description agrees in every essential

particular with that of the genus Tissa, except that

whereas of Jissa he writes ‘“‘antenne subpectinate,” he

describes those of Thapava as ‘‘pectinatz,” the latter

being more decidedly correct. I have been unable to

find Mr. Walker’s type of Thapava natalana, the only

species placed by him in this genus, which he referred

to the Tortricide, but his description of it is fairly

accurate as applied to a somewhat dark variety of the

species before us, and I have no doubt that this species

was intended to be indicated. The missing type was

received from Natal in Mr. Gueinzius’ collection.

Lastly, in vol. xxxv. of the same Catalogue, p. 1806,

Mr. Walker creates another new genus, Galaria, Walk.,

and remarks of the one species, which he accurately

describes under the name of Galaria subawratana, that

it ‘‘has some affinity to the Tineide,” although he now

places it again, as I venture to think with good reason,

among the Tortricide.

The two typical specimens which I have carefully

examined, together with those in Mr. Gooch’s collection,

belong undoubtedly to the same species as the specimen

labelled by Mr. Walker, ‘‘ Tissa inquinatalis,” and are also

part of Mr. Gueinzius’ collection.

I will not add anything to the already too copious

re-description of this curious and interesting insect. It

is very nearly allied to a North American genus,

Synnoma, Wism., of which figures and description are

to be found in Part IV. of the ‘Catalogue of typical

specimens of Lepidoptera-Heterocera in the British

Museum,’ and which was there placed among the

Tortricide as allied to Hxapate, Hub., a genus which

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 227

has itself been placed both in the Tineide and in the

Tortricide by different authors. Compsoctena differs

from Synnoma in neuration, the apical vein of the fore

wings not being forked as in that genus.

All the specimens which have come under my notice

at present have been males, but it is probable that the

females, as in Synnoma and Hxapate, have smaller

wings and larger bodies than the males. It would be

interesting to know whether it agrees with the allied

North American genus in the gregarious habits of its

larve.

There are six examples in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

His note upon them is, ‘‘ Umzinto Beach; in bush.

September.”

Compsoctena connexalis.

Tissa? connexalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii.

pA,

This appears to belong to the same genus as the

preceding, but is undoubtedly a distinct species.

Concuyuis, T'reitschke.

Conchylis trimem, F. & R., Reise d. Nov., pl. exxxvii.,

fig. pl.

There are four specimens of a large species of

Conchylis in Mr. Gooch’s collection, which, although in

very bad condition, I should have no hesitation in

referring to the species, figured by Felder and Rogen-

hofer, under the above name. A description must be

deferred until better examples have been obtained.

This species was taken at light at D’Urban and at

Spring Vale, in September, October, and November.

Conchylis africana, n.s. (Pl. X., fig. 6).

Capite et palpis ochreis. Thorace brunneo-fusco.

Alis anticis dilutissime ochraceo-albidis; plaga basali

ante costam finita, fascia ultra-mediali versus angulum

analem postice diffusa, macula costali ante apicem,

punctis marginalibus in costa, et margine apicali, cum

cilliis, brunneo-fuscis; strigulis dilutioribus interja-

centibus ; posticis dilutissime cinereis-fuscescenti sub-

reticulatis.

Head brownish ochreous. Palpi, projecting fully the

228 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

length of the head beyond it, brownish ochreous, some-

what paler on their inner sides, the apical joint touched

with fuscous; antenne pale fuscous; thorax brownish

fuscous. Fore wings scarcely emarginate below the

apex, very pale whitish ochreous, with a distinct brownish

fuscous basal patch covering rather less than a fourth of

the dorsal margin, gradually widening towards the costa,

but not reaching it; a conspicuous brownish fuscous

fascia beyond the middle, more clearly defined on its

inner than on its outer edge, and with a slight projection

on its inner side within the lower half of the cell; it is

slightly wider on the dorsal than on the costal margin,

and is indistinctly diffused outwardly below the middle

in the direction of the anal angle; a diffused brownish

fuscous costal patch les between the fascia and the

apex, and at the apical margin is a series of small

dentate spots of the same colour, followed by a slender

pale line along the extreme margin. Cilia brownish

fuscous, with a slight pale line along their middle; a

slight ochreous shade hes immediately below the base of

the costa, running parallel to it along the upper edge of

the basal patch. The costa itself is brownish fuscous at

the base, with spots of the same colour unequally distri-

buted throughout its length, being smaller and more

frequent before the middle than beyond it. On the pale

portions of the wing between the dark markings are

some rather indistinct brownish fuscous dots and

streaklets, of which three arising on the dorsal margin

before the middle are the most conspicuous. Hind

wings very pale cinereous, spotted irregularly with

dilute greyish fuscous, giving them a reticulated

appearance. Cilia the same colour as the hind wings,

with a greyish fuscous line along the middle. Lixpanse,

16—18 mm.

Three specimens, of which one only is in good con-

dition, taken at ight in October at Spring Vale. I have

also a specimen from Zululand.

Sericoris, T'reitschke.

Sericoris scabellana, Gell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 81.

Penthina scabellana, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii.

Do ST t.

Tineida, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 229

Eccopsis, Zeller.

Eccopsis wahlbergiana, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, pp. 79, 80. Walk. Cat.

Lep. Het., B. M., xxviil., p. 413.

A single female specimen in Mr. Gooch’s collection

agrees with the description of this species, except that

the costal markings would perhaps be more correctly

described as olivaceous rather than ochreous; but as I

am unable to compare it with the typical examples,

which are believed to be in the Stockholm Museum, its

identity. must be regarded as somewhat doubtful. If

rightly identified it is especially interesting as repre-

senting a genus established by Professor Zeller for the

reception of this South African species, but more lately

adopted by other authors (Lederer, ‘Wiener Entomo-

logische Monatschrift,’ 1859, 111, p. 288: von Heine-

mann, ‘ Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz,’

vol. 1., pp. 188, 189; Staudinger and Wocke, ‘ Catalog,’

p- 251, No. 1027, &c.) to include latifasciana, Haw.

(venustana, Hub.), a Huropean species of very remarkable

structure, which appears to be undoubtedly congeneric

with the numerous North American representatives of

the genus Hartema, Clemens. As to the identity of

Exartema and Eccopsis, Zeller writes in two footnotes

(Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien. xxv. 268) :—

(1) ‘‘ Wickler in d. Wien Zeitschr. 1859. S. 288,

Meine Gattung Hccopsis (Micropt. Caffr., p. 79), kann

es nicht sein, wenn ihr wirklich der Hautanhang fehlt ;

ich habe keinen bemerkt, und da ich kein Ex. der

Africanischen Art besitze, so wird das Stockholmer

Museum am ersten entscheiden kénnen, ob ich ihn

iibersehen, oder mit Recht unerwihnt gelassen habe.”

(2) “So tbergenau auch Wilkinson die Liinge der

Tasterglieder mass und das Fliigelgeader untersuchte,

um die schlechten Guenéschen Genera zu begriinden, so

hat er doch an der ihm ganz wohl bekannten Latifasciana

den Hautanhang nicht gesehen.”’

It may be useful to contrast some of the essential

points of the two descriptions.

Eccopsis, Zeller (Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852,

pp: 79, 80).

Char. essent. — “‘ Ale posteriores elongate margine

postico in mare ante angulum analem late exciso

230 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

margine abdominali incrassato.” Char. natur.—‘‘ Ale

anteriores late, in femina acutiores quam in mare,

pictura sericoridis; posteriores, anguste, acuminate

margine postico maris ante angulum analem late et

rectangulariter exciso, margine interiore incrassato

rigido.”” ‘‘Distinguitur alis posterioribus et in mare et

in femina multo angustioribus magisque in apicem pro-

ductis, atque in mare juxta angulum analem late

excisis.”

Exartema, Clemens (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1860,

p- 356).

“Fore wings with the costa regularly arched; tip

obtuse and rounded; hind margin rounded, very slightly

oblique, dise with secondary cell. Hind wings rather

broader than the fore wings, obtusely angulated on the

hind margin opposite the median nervules ; inner margin

deeply and sharply excised, with a cylindrical appendage

along the inner margin from the base, the lower portion

of which is free.”

The close resemblance of the specimen now before me

to the North American species of Hxartema, both in form

and in ornamentation, is remarkable, and it would be

interesting to ascertain for certain if the hind wings of

the male exhibit any resemblance to the pecular structure

which distinguishes that genus; in which case only

could Herr Lederer be held to be justified in interpreting

the original description of Hecopsis as applicable to

venustana, Hiib., which would probably justify also the

substitution by priority of that genus for Hzartema,

Clemens.*

Eccopsis fluctuatana, n.s. (Pl. X., fig. 7).

Capite thorace antennis et palpis grisescentibus. Alis

anticis costa fluctuata albidis, a basi ad finem cellule

* Since writing the above I have received, through the kind

assistance of Mr. W. F. Kirby, a slight sketch of the hind wing of

the original male specimen of Eeccopsis wahl-

bergiana, described by Zeller, for which I am

indebted to Mr. C. Aurivillius, Assistant in

the Entomological Department of the State

Museum at Stockholm. Although the wing

is somewhat narrower and more tapering towards the apex than

those of the American species of Hxartema, this sketch tends

strongly to confirm the view that the genera Hccopsis, Zeller,

and Hwartema, Clemens, are identical.

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 231

fusco adumbratis excepta plaga costali elongata ante

medium. Posticis brunneo-fuscis.

Head and thorax greyish ; palpi greyish, much shaded

on the end of the second joint and on the short apical

joint with fuscous. Antenne greyish. Fore wings (with

the costa slightly waved, the apex depressed, the apical

margin slightly oblique) whitish, with a strong fuscous

patch stretching over nearly two-thirds of their length,

having its outer margin oblique and somewhat irregularly

defined; an elongated patch of the whitish ground

colour running along the costal margin before the

middle, extending to the base, surrounded by the fuscous

shade, and containing some small fuscous costal spots

and streaklets, which are again repeated beyond the

middle. Towards the apex is an olivaceous costal shade,

and an inconspicuous olivaceous streak crossing from

the costa to the middle of the apical margin. Hind

wings brownish fuscous, their costal margin whitish.

Two females; expanse, 19 mm.

«“D’Urban and Spring Vale; to light in garden,

September and November.”

Having only two female specimens from which to

describe this species, it must be somewhat uncertain

whether I have rightly placed it in the genus Hccopsis.

The coloration is almost exactly that of a Penthina, but

the shape of the wings ig remarkably similar to those of

the supposed Eccopsis wahlbergrana, mentioned above, as

well as to those of many species of the North American

genus, Exartema.*

Appetia, Stephens.

Aphelia lanceolana.

Aphelia lanceolana, Hiib., Wocke Cat., No. 1006.

Bactra stagnicolana, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 84.

Ancylolomia siccella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., BeorM.;

xxxv., p. 1750.

I find in Mr. Gooch’s collection three specimens,

which do not appear to differ in any greater degree from

some of the European varieties of Aphelia lanceolana,

* See footnote on preceding page.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART II. (JULY.) 2H

”

232 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

Hiib., than they differ from each other. Prof. Zeller

described his Bactra stagnicolana from a single specimen

in bad condition, as being ‘‘lanceolane valde affine sed

distinctum alis latioribus, margine postico minus obliquo ;

linea disci postici recta, non arcuata fractave.” The

remainder of his description could be fitly applied to one

of the more distinctly marked varities which occur in

this country.

The characters relied upon by Zeller are not sufficiently

maintained in the three examples now before me to justify

me in regarding the African species as specifically distinct

from the common European form, which has also been

recorded from North America.

Mr. Walker has inadvertently placed this species

among the Crambide, describing it under the name of

Ancylolomia siccella. His specimen agrees entirely with

English examples of A. lanceolana, which tends to

confirm the opinion that the African form is merely a

variety of this well-known species.

Mr. Gooch’s specimens were taken at Spring Vale, in

bush; December, March, and April.

GRAPHOLITHA, T'reitschke.

Grapholitha spissana, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 82; Walk., Cat. Lep. Het.,

B. M., xxvill., p. 388.

Carpocapsa, Treitschke.

Carpocapsa diremptana, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

xxvill. 409, 410.

The specimen in the British Museum, from which

Mr. Walker’s description was taken, has much the

general appearance and structure of the genus Penthina,

but its condition is too bad to warrant a re-description,

although a good specimen of the species might easily be

recognised by comparison with it.

SrEGanoprycHa, Stephens.

Steganoptycha infausta, n.s. (Pl. X., fig. 8).

Capite, palpis, antennis et thorace brunneo-fuscis

subgrisescentibus. Alis anticis elongatis acuminatis,

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 283

margine apicali obliquo, obscure brunneo-fuscis ; posticis

dilute fusco-griseis.

Head, palpi, antenne and thorax brownish fuscous,

with a slight greyish tinge; the palpi projecting about

the length of the head beyond it; antenne simple.

Fore wings elongate-acuminate, with the costa slightly

rounded; the apical margin oblique; very slightly

indented below the pointed apex; unicolorous dark

brownish fuscous. Hind wings about the same width as

the fore wings; pale greyish fuscous, cilia the same.

Abdomen missing. Expanse, 19 mm.

One male. At D’Urban, taken at light.

PuHoxopteris, T'reitschke.

Phoxopteris natalana, n.s. (Pl. X., fig. 9).

Alis anticis faleatis dilute argillaceis ; umbra ferruginea

externe prope apicem acuminata et strigulis costalibus

ante medium fuscis ultra medium dilute argillaceis ;

margine apicali peranguste fusco, cilis argillaceis fer-

rugineo finitis. Posticis cinereis.

Head pale reddish ochreous; palpi projecting about

the length of the head beyond it; the apical joint and

the surrounding scales which project from the second

joint fuscous; antenne tinged with ferruginous. Fore

wings pale argillaceous, much shaded with ferruginous,

which forms an acute angle before the falcate apex,

leaving on the space above the anal angle a patch of the

plain ground colour: this ferruginous shade contains

above the middle of the wing and about the end of the

cell a longitudinal reduplicated and somewhat diffused

blackish fuscous streak, and below it two or three

slender diverging lines of the paler ground colour. On

the costa before the middle are five or six small oblique

fuscous streaks, beyond the middle is a ferruginous

shade interrupted by a series of reduplicated pale streaks

each centred with a few dark fuscous scales at the base ;

the first of these streaks follows the upper edge of the

ferruginous discal shade from the middle of the costa

nearly to its extreme angle near the apical margin,

where it almost joins the point of the last streak nearest

to the apex; a slender dark fuscous line indicates the

apical margin at the base of the pale cilia, which are

234 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

tipped with ferruginous. Hind wings pale cinereous.

Expanse, 15 mm.

One specimen in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

TINEIDA.

Cuorevutis, Hiibner.

Choreutis bjerkandrella, Thnb., Wocke Cat., No. 1302.

Choreutis vibralis, Zell., ‘Isis,’ 1847, pp. 283—120.

Choreutis vibrana, var. 8. australis, Zell., ‘Isis,’ 1847,

p- 648.

Choreutis vibrana, var. 8. Ephemerid, Entomol. x. 235.

Choreutis australis, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 85.

A single specimen in bad condition is in Mr. Gooch’s

collection, taken at Spring Vale at light in October.

After careful comparison I am quite unable to separate

it from the common and well-known European species

from which Prof. Zeller at first considered his African

Choreutis australis to be distinguishable. The name

“australis” appears to be rightly included as a synonym

in the European Catalogue of Staudinger and Wocke.

Arycuta, Ochsenheimer.

Atychia quris, F. & R., Reise d. Nov., pl. cxxxix.,

fig. 36.

Prnestoaiossa, Rogenhofer.

(Psilothrix, Wocke, nomen bis lectum.)

Penestoglossa capensis, F.& R., Reise d. Nov., pl. exxxix.,

fig. 31.

Semioscoris, Hiibner.

Semroscopis ? trigonella, F. & R., Reise d. Noy., pl.

cxxxix., fig. 39.

Trauapra, Walker.

Tiquadra goochti, n.s. (Pl. X., fig. 10).

Capite squamis appressis cinereo-griseis. Antennis

fortibus. Palpis recurvis obtusis articulis secundo et

tertio fasciculatis. Alis anticis elongatis (costa arcuata,

apice et margine apicali rotundatis) canis cinereo-fusco

—oo tt

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 285

irroratis guttatis et fasciculatis. Alis posticis ovatis

cinereo-ochraceis, ciliis pallidoribus.

Head with appressed pale greyish fuscous scales,

paler in front and beneath. Antenne rather stout, not

ciliated. Tongue none; ocelli none; maxillary palpi

none. Labial palpi recurved, dingy whitish, touched

with cinereous on their outer sides, with the second

joint tufted beneath, the apical joint shorter than the

second and concealed in a tuft of coarse scales. Fore

wings elongate (with the apex rounded), dingy whitish,

thickly irrorated and speckled with cinereous and

fuscous dots, especially conspicuous towards the costal

and apical margins, with several groups of raised scales,

especially noticeable on the basal half. Hind wings

rather shining yellowish cinereous, with paler cilia.

Hind tibiz short, incrassated, densely pilose above

having the inner and outer spurs of very unequal length.

Abdomen missing. Expanse, 32 mm.

Taken in December at light, in Spring Vale.

The earliest description of any species of this genus,

so far as I am able to ascertain, is that of Tiquadra

inscitella, Walk. (Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii. 519), from

Mexico, from which the African species above mentioned

differs only in its larger size, its somewhat wider fore

wings, and rather darker shade of colouring. They may

possibly be found to be not specifically distinct, although

coming from such widely separated localities. Oscella

eneonwella, Walk., from Venezuela, and Manchana

avitella, Walk., from Santa Martha, the types of which

I have examined, are also evidently congeneric.

Prof. Zeller (Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. xiii., pp. 196—208)

has described four species also from South America,

establishing for their reception the genus Acureuta,

Zell., pointing out that two species, figured by Messrs.

Felder and Rogenhofer (Reise d. Noy. pl. 188, fig. 46, and

pl. 189, fig. 50), placed by these authors in the genus

Scardia, Tr., belong to the same genus. The two figures

referred to evidently represent this very distinct and

remarkable form, which furnished Mr. Walker with

material for the formation of lis three genera, Tiquadra,

Oscella, and Manchana; but it is not within the scope of

the present paper to determine how many distinct species

have actually been described, or how many names should

rank only as synonyms.

236 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricidae,

The remarkable fact with which we are at present

concerned is that a species, differing in no essential

particular from the South American representatives of

the genus, has been found by Mr. Gooch in South

Africa; and this is the more remarkable since it is

known to be associated there with Hustizis flavivittella,

Eccopsis wahlbergiana, Zell., and Compsoctena primella,

Zell., as well as with several species of Cryptolechia,

whose representatives in the New World are also so

nearly allied to them in structure and appearance.

I have received, through the kindness of Mr. H. Doer,

of Rio Janeiro, amongst other interesting Lepidoptera,

two specimens, which he considered to be male and

female of the same species, the female being evidently a

species of Tiquadra, the male(?) presenting the same

peculiarities as the next species, figured and described

in this paper under the name Ischnopsis angustella. To

such a remarkable degree does it approach it that, on

finding the same two forms in Mr. Gooch’s African

collection taken in the same locality and within a few

days of each other, I was induced to make some further

enquiries into the sufficiency of the evidence from which

the suspicion of their relationship to each other had

arisen. Mr. Doer is unable to assure me on this

point; and as both sexes of Tiquadra have been

noticed, both by Prof. Zeller and Mr. Walker, I have

been compelled to regard the supposition as erroneous,

although I have placed them provisionally in juxta-

position in systematic order. It is at least a very

curious double additional instance of similarity between

South African and South American Lepidoptera. Prof.

Zeller states that the larva of a species of this genus is

a case-bearer.

ISCHNOPSIS, N. g.

Caput latum; antenne articulo basali infra ciliato.

Palpi labiales porrecti, acuminati; articulo secundo

incrassato nec fasciculato; haustellum nullum. Ale

antice et postice elongate, lanceolate et acuminate ;

postice costa post-medium emarginata; cilia longius-

cula. Tibize postice longe, supra et infra pilose,

calcaribus valde inzqualibus.

Head broad; antenne with the basal joint fringed

below. Labial palpi porrected (not recurved), pointed ;

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 287

the second joint thickened, not tufted. Proboscis none.

Fore wings and hind wings elongate, lanceolate, acumi-

nate. Cilia very long. Hind tibie long, hairy above

and beneath, with the inner spurs a good deal longer

than the outer ones.

Ischnopsis angustella, n.s. (Pl. X., fig. 11).

Capite sordide cano squamis appressis. Palpis et

antennis sordidis. Alis anticis dilute cinereis, griseo-

fusco in longitudine lineatis. Posticis dilute cinereo-

ochraceis antice infuscatis. Ciliis et tibiuis posticis

dilutioribus.

Head dingy whitish, with appressed scales. Palpi

with the second joint slightly thickened, roughly scaled,

but not tufted; apical joint not half as long as the

second joint. Antenne simple, three-fourths of the

length of the fore wings ; the basal joint fringed beneath.

Fore wings elongate, acuminate, pale cinereous, with

indistinct slender lines of greyish fuscous throughout

their length. Hind wings pale cinereous-ochreous,

shaded anteriorly with fuscous, elongate, acuminate,

the costal margin appressed towards the apex. Cilia

paler. Hind tibiz very densely pilose above. (?) Male.

Expanse, 28 mm.

Two examples in Mr. Gooch’s collection, taken at

light at Spring Vale in January.

Eupriocamus. Latreille.

Euplocamus stupens, Waller., Of. Af. Kongl. Vet. Akad.

For., 1875, Arg. 82, pp. 127, 128.

Euplocamus horridellus.

Tinea horridella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii.

474.

This large and distinct species is represented in Mr.

Gooch’s collection by nine specimens, varying greatly

in size, the largest reaching an expanse of 32 mm., the

smallest only 18 mm. I have a specimen in my own

collection, given to me by Mr. Druce, from Bedford,

South Africa. It is rather remarkable that so con-

Spicuous an insect, and one which appears to be not

238 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricidae,

uncommon, should not have been contained in the

collections described by Prof. Zeller and Mr. Stainton,

but I have been unable to recognise it in any of their

descriptions. Its upturned palpi, with the second joint

roughly clothed with projecting coarse scales, separate

it from the true Tinee. It differs in this respect from

Tinea vastella, Zell., which was originally placed in the

genus Huplocamus (subgenus Scardia) by Prof. Zeller,

although not so by Mr. Stainton.

Taken in October, November, and December, at light,

in Spring Vale.

Tinga, Zeller.

Tinea vastella.

Euplocamus (Scardia) vastellus, Zell., Handlingar Kong.

Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 88; Haliday, Nat.

Hist. Rev., vol. i., Proc. Dublin Zool. Assn.,

December 21, 1856, p. 23, pl. 1.

Scardia vastella, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii.

p- 463.

Tinea gigantella, Stainton, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

n. s., 1867, vol. v., p. 221; Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond., 3rd ser., vol. v., part 8, p. cv. ; Wallengren,

Of. Af. Kongl. Vet. Akad. For., 1875, Arg. 82,

p.. 128; Proc. Hint. Soc. Lond., 1878,"p. i;

Ent. Mon. Mag., vol. xv., p. 133; Walk., Cat.

Lep. Het., B. M., xxxv., p. 1812.

Tinea lucidella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxx.,

p- 474.

Two examples of this interesting species, varying in

the expanse of the fore wings from 28 to 32 mm., are

in Mr. Gooch’s collection. I have received it also

through the kindness of Mr. H. Druce, whose specimens

were collected at Bedford in South Africa. Professor

Zeller’s original description contains no allusion to the

habits of the larva, and I have had some difficulty in

tracing the evidence upon which the identity of this

species, with the horn-feeding larva of South Africa, has

been generally accepted.

Mr. Kirby has called my attention to what appears to

be the earliest mention of the habits of this larva in the

‘Natural History Review,’ vol. i1., 1856, where, at p. 23

of the Proc. of the Dublin Zool. Association, I find the

following :—

ee ee

‘Ped

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 239

“Mr. Haliday made some remarks on two pairs of

antelope’s horns, exhibited to the meeting by J. M.

Neligan, M.D. These horns—belonging, one pair to

Oreas canna (pl. i., fig. 3), the other to Kolus ellipsi-

prymnus—were brought home from the Gambia by

J. Fitzgibbon, Esq., M.D., who lately purchased them

from some natives in the market at Macarthy’s Island,

being struck with their appearance, as they were

perforated by grubs enclosed in cases which projected

abundantly from the surface of the horns, although

these were taken from freshly-killed animals, the blood

not having dried up on them when brought to market.”

When first examined by Dr. Neligan, at Dublin, they

contained ‘‘larve plump and fresh;” but when Mr.

Haliday first saw them they were ‘‘shrivelled up.”

The largest is described as ‘‘ nearly an inch long, with

the body of a pale colour, without distinguishable

markings; the head, the terminal segment, the legs,

the ring of the prothoracic spiracles, and the hooklets

of the prolegs, dark chestnut, tending to black on the

head.” The structure is described as ‘‘ not inconsistent

with the probability that it belonged to some of the

Tineide.” ‘The most remarkable point was the

evidence that the horns had been thus infested while

the animal was yet living which bore them.”

“‘The President showed some horns of the Gayal,

from University Museum, more extensively perforated

by a similar larva.”

It will be observed that on this occasion no specimens

of the perfect insect were obtained.

On the 6th of November, 1878, Mr. Stainton

exhibited, at the meeting of this Society, specimens of

“a new horn-feeding Tinea (T'. orientalis), reared from

horns from Singapore, allied to the well-known large

species from South Africa, of which the larve fed in

the horns of living buffaloes and antelopes, and which

had been described by Zeller under the name of

Vastella, and subsequently by himself under the name

Gigantella.”” ‘‘ Mr. Simmons, of Poplar, who found them

in his greenhouse, was quite at a loss to account for

their appearance, till Mr. Stainton suggested they were

horn-feeders, when he remembered a piece of horn

placed on a shelf and forgotten, but which, when

examined, showed evident traces of having been eaten,

and from which pupa-skins had been obtained.”

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—paRtT Il. (JULY.) 21

240 Lord Walsingham on the Vortricide,

The description of Tinea orientalis was published with

full particulars in Ent. Mo. Mag., xv. 1383.

On reading this report of the meeting I instituted a

diligent search for the description of the habits of

Scardia vastella, Zell. The only further allusion to a

horn-feeding Tinea larva which I could find was in the

Proce. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. ev., where Mr. Stainton

‘records a new habit for the larva of a Tinea. Mr.

Swanzy had shown him the larva-case of a Tinea which

was taken from the horn of a Kooloo, from Natal, and

there could be little doubt that the larva must have been

burrowing in the horn of the living animal.” Mr.

Swanzy added, ‘‘ that since Mr. Stainton’s visit he had

found a living larva in the horn.”

‘*Mr. Trimen had seen the skull of a harte-beest, the

base of which was eaten by what he had no doubt was

the larva of a Tinea.”

Being unable to find any published reference of the

African horn-feeding larva to the species described by

Zeller and Stainton, I referred the question to Mr.

Stainton for his kind assistance. In a letter, dated

December 16th, 1880, which I gratefully acknowledge,

he writes :—

‘“‘T suspect that the identity of the horn-feeding Tinea

and 7’. vastella has never appeared in print. I enclose

you extracts from my correspondence with Zeller on the

subject; he evidently then thought that Rogenhofer, of

Vienna, was going to write on the subject, which

possibly he never has done.”

From these extracts I gather that in 1873 Professor

Zeller received from Herr Rogenhofer one male and two

females, with two larve and one pupa of a moth, the

caterpillar of which lives in the horns of buffaloes at the

Cape, the specimens agreeing exactly with Scardia

vastella, Zell., and that he took them to be identical with

a species which is common at the Cape in rotten bones.

In a subsequent letter, discussing the geographical

distribution of the species, Prof. Zeller writes :—

*“Somit bleibt Siidafrica das Vaterland, wenn die Art

nicht kiinstlich verpflanzt wird, was ich fiir gut ausfuhrbar

halte; nur wird der Aufenthalt wahrscheinlich nicht

anderswo sein kénnen, als wo unverarbeitete Horner

von Wiederkiiuern aufbewahrt werden. Das die Raupe

am gesunden Horn des lebenden Thieres vorkomme, ist

nur nicht recht wahrscheinlich ; ich nehme den faulenden

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 241

Kopfknochen, wovon noch Reste am Horne sitzen, als

das eigentliche Futter an.”

It is probable that this unpublished correspondence

was the cause of Mr. Stainton’s suggestion to Mr.

Simmons, in 1878, that the large Tinea found in his

conservatory at Poplar was possibly a horn-feeder.

I have in my own collection a pair of horns of Kolus

ellipsiprymnus, given to me by the late Col. Harvey

Tower, which are bored by the larve of this species, the

substance of the horn itself being visibly perforated in

several places up to one-fourth from the base; the pupa-

cases protruded from the holes when I received them.

The small portion of the skull still attached to the.

horns is not perforated, but has the appearance of

having been much exposed, conveying the impression

that the specimen may have been obtained by purchase,

rather than killed in the course of Col. Tower’s hunting

expedition. I have also a very old pair of horns of an

Indian buffalo, perforated in the same manner.

I am informed by Lieut.-Col. the Hon. Wenman Coke,

who has shot very large numbers of various species of

horned animals in South Africa, that he has never seen

the horn of a living animal perforated by one of these

larve, although almost every dead horn that has been

exposed to the open air is found to be attacked by them.

He has not observed any traces of similar larve in the

neighbourhood of Zanzibar or Lake Nyassa, where he

has also hunted; but it seems extremely probable that

it may also occur there.

Colonel Coke is most confident that the larva never

attacks a living animal; he assures me that had this

been the case it could not have escaped his observation.

Mr. Roland Trimen, to whom also I have spoken on

the subject, concurs in expressing great doubt as to the

correctness of the theory that the larva feeds in the

horns of living animals; on the other side, we have the

strong evidence of Dr. Fitzgibbon; and as the fibrous

substance of the horn undergoes little or no change at

the death of the animal, there seems to be no reason

why the moth should not deposit its eggs when the

living animal is at rest, nor why the larva should not

penetrate the horn; but the question must be considered

to be “‘ sub judice.”’

Mr. Walker has described this species under the name

of Tinea lucidella.

242 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

Mr. Gooch’s specimens were ‘ taken at Spring Vale in

December among trees.”

Since writing the above I have been informed that some

specimens of this species have been reared in England

from the hoof of a horse lately brought from Zululand.

(Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. viii.)

Tinea abactella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii.

476.

The specimen from which Mr. Walker’s description

was taken is in such bad condition as to be utterly

unrecognisable.

Tinea incultella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxx.

1008.

T. purpurea, Stn., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., n. s.,

vol. v., p. 221; Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

xxxv. 1812.

T. fuscipunctella, Haw., Wocke Cat., No. 1404.

T'. abligatella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii. 476.

T. ignotella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxx. 1003.

Having carefully examined the typical specimens de-

seribed by Mr. Walker under the above names, | am

unable to separate them from the common European

T. fuscipunctella, Haw.

Tinea farraginella, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad. 1852, pp. 90,91; Walk., Cat. Lep.

Het., B. M., xxviil. 473.

T. damnificella, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad. 1852, p. 91; Walk., Cat. Lep. Het.,

B. M., xxviii. 473.

Tinea ? erinacea (Pl. XI., fig. 12).

Tinea erinacea, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii.

475.

It seems desirable to add to Mr. Walker’s description

some further observations founded upon a careful exami-

nation of this most curious insect.

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 248

The word ‘‘ Mas” at the commencement of Mr. Walker’s

Latin description is evidently a mistake, the specimen

being correctly described in English as a ‘‘ Female,”

and as having its ‘‘ oviduct exserted.” It possesses such

peculiarities as might perhaps with good reason be

considered to distinguish it as the type of a new genus;

but I shall confine myself for the present to a short

re-description of the single example in the British

Museum, which appears to differ in the character of its

ornamentation from any known Lepidopterous insect.

Head rough, pale cinereous; palpi short, scarcely

projecting beyond the coarse frontal scales. Antenne

simple, nearly as long as the fore wings. Tongue not

visible. Maxillary palpi obsolete. Fore wings subovate,

elongate, with the apex slightly rounded, shining, very

pale yellowish cinereous, streaked with greyish fuscous,

the apex having a bright ferruginous tinge. About the

surface of the fore wings are scattered several pale

whitish straw-coloured tufts of elongate hair-like scales,

perhaps best described by the German ‘‘ haar pinsel.”’

These are distributed as follows :—Four immediately below

the costal margin, of which one is about one-third from

the base, one about the middle, one rather beyond the

middle, and one on the apical third ; below these are two

at the end of the cell, one above the other, one on the

middle of the cell, and one immediately below and before

the apex; about four others are ranged immediately

above the dorsal margin. Some of these hair pencils

are as much as two millimetres in length, and Mr.

Walker adds, from Mr. Gueinzius’ MSS., ‘“‘ This moth

carries the bristles of the wings erect when alive.”’ The

cilia are very long; the hind tibiew clothed with long

hairs on both sides ; the ovipositor extruded to one-fourth

the length of the abdomen.

Blabophanes longella.

Tinea longella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxviii., p. 479.

Blabophanes longella, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,

April, 1881.

Two specimens in Mr. Gooch’s collection agree with

this Northern Indian species described by Mr. Walker,

except in the colour of their heads, which, as noticed by

Mr, Butler (J. c.), are more decidedly yellow.

all

244 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricidae,

Mr. Gooch writes of this species :— “ Spring Vale.

Bred in skins in the verandah. Came to light February.”

Blabophanes speculella.

Tinea (Blabophanes) speculella, Zell., Handlingar Kong.

Svensk. Vetens. Akad. 1852, p. 89; Walk., Cat.

Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii. 474.

Blabophanes rejectella.

Tinea rejectella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxx.

1003. A

2 Blabophanes pellucida, Wallgr., Of. Af. Kongl. Vet.

Akad. For. 1875, p. 128.

Three specimens in Mr. Gooch’s collection correspond

precisely with the type in the British Museum, which

seems to differ from Mr. Stainton’s Tinea rutilicostella

in much the same particulars as those stated by Herr

Wallengren as separating his Blabophanes pellucida

from that species.

Blabophanes rutilicostella.

Tinea rutilicostella, Stn., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., n. s.,

vol. v., p. 221; Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

xxxv. 1812.

Nemopnora, Hiibner.

Nemophora (Nemotopogon) crinigerella, Zell., Lin. Ent.

vy. 347; Handlingar Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad.

1852, p. 92; Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

Xxvill. 497.

Mr. Gooch’s collection contains one specimen.

Nemophora elongatella, n.s. (Pl. XL, fig. 13).

Capite thorace et antennis cum alis anticis perelon-

gatis, dilute albido-cinereis puncto ad finem cellule

punctisque, marginalibus sex costalibus septem apicali-

bus cinereis, aliis minoribus cum squamis concoloribus

undique dispersis.

Head, thorax, and antenne whitish drab ; the antennze

nearly three times the length of the fore wings. Fore

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 245

wings much elongated, fully four times as long as wide,

pale whitish drab, with a series of small cinereous mar-

ginal spots, of which six are costal, being placed gradually

closer to each other as they approach the apex, and

seven or eight others are on the apical margins reaching

round to the anal angle; a spot of a similar colour lies

at the end of the disc, and several smaller cinereous dots

and scales are scattered more or less conspicuously

over the surface of the wing; hind wings scarcely

shining, very pale cinereous. [Hixpanse, 19 mm.

Two males.

‘“‘T)’Urban (West Park) ; in bush, afternoon, July.”

Nemophora turpisella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

XXVill., p. 497.

Mr. Gooch’s collection contains six specimens of this

species. I have also a specimen in my own cabinet from

Bedford, S. Africa, for which I am indebted to the kind-

ness of Mr. Herbert Druce.

The base of the costal margin of the fore wings is

distinctly brown, the “three irregular brown lines”

described by Mr. Walker forming oblique disintegrated

fascia, tending outwards from the dorsal to the costal

margin. Hind wings brownish, much darker than in the

following species.

These came to light at Spring Vale in November and

December.

Nemophora alternipunctella, n.s. (Pl. XL, fig. 14).

Capite albo subfusco irrorato; antennis quam alis

anticis ter longioribus albidis. Alis anticis albis, brunneo-

fusco profuse punctatis et maculatis. Striga angusta in

basi coste, maculis tribus costalibus tribus dorsalibus

alternantibus brunneo-fuscis. Posticis dilute sub-

ochraceo-cinereis dimidio postico ciliorum dilutiore.

Head white, speckled with fuscous. Antenne dingy

whitish, three times the length of the fore wings. Fore

wings rounded, white, profusely dotted with brownish

fuscous, with a narrow brownish fuscous streak along

the base of the costa, and three costal and three dorsal

brownish fuscous spots placed alternately, each dorsal

spot being placed before the corresponding spot on the

246 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricidae,

costa. The third dorsal spot near the anal angle is

slightly projected upwards, the second and third costal

spots somewhat elongate and inverted; a few fuscous

scales appear to mark an obsolete oblique fascia-like

streak between the first dorsal and the first costal spots.

Hind wings very pale yellowish cinereous, the outer half

of the cilia being even paler. In one variety in my own

collection the first dorsal spot is jomed to the first costal,

and the third dorsal to the second costal. Expanse,

18—19 mm.

One specimen in the British Museum from South

Africa, collected by Mr. Wilson.

Nemophora trigoniferella, n.s. (Pl. XI, fig. 15).

Capite et thorace albis; antennis annulatis. Alis

anticis albis, margine costali eneo-brunnea, apicali aureo-

flavo, linea in basi ciliorum brunnea; plaga majore

dorsali elongato triangulare eneo-brunneo, et strigulis

supra angulum analem cum aliis costalibus per lmeam

argenteam connexis chalybeo-brunneis. Ciliis albidis

dimidio exteriore eneo-brunneo.

Head and thorax white ; palpi short and slender, not

reaching beyond the face. Antenne three times the

length of the fore wings, annulated, with the basal joint

thickened and hairy. Fore wings white, the costal

margin conspicuously shaded with golden bronzy scales ;

a large elongate clearly-defined bronzy-brown patch

commencing near the base of the dorsal margin, in-

creasing in width somewhat abruptly at its commence-

ment, then gradually, until it forms an acute angle above

and beyond the middle of the wing, and ends abruptly

somewhat beyond the middle of the dorsal margin, its

outer edge being scarcely oblique, the apical margin

golden yellow, with a bronzy-brown line at the base of

the cilia, and three or four bluish bronzy streaks pointing

inwards immediately above the anal angle, connected

with three bronzy brown costal spots by a_ silvery

metallic streak. Cilia whitish, tipped with bronzy brown.

Hind wings shining pale bronzy brown. Expanse,

16—17 mm.

Two males in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

I should not have ventured to describe this species

from the two greatly damaged specimens in Mr. Gooch’s

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 247

collection had it not been so remarkably distinct from

any other known species in this or any allied genus,

and thus, I hope, easily distinguishable, in spite of some

probable imperfections in the description.

Creromitia, Zeller.

Ceromitia Wahlbergi, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad. 1852, pp. 98, 94; Stn., Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond., n.s., vol. v., p. 222; Walk., Cat.

Lep. Het., B. M., xxx., pp. 506, 507.

There are four specimens of this beautiful and distinct

species in Mr. Gooch’s collection, taken in ‘“‘ October,

November, and December at light.” I received it also

from Natal through the friendship of the late Colonel

Harvey Tower, Coldstream Guards.

Aveta, Latreille.

Adela natalensis, Stn., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., n.s.,

vol. v., p. 221; Wlsm., P.Z.8. Lond., 1880, 78.

A. albicornis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii.,

pp- 501, 502.

Three specimens of this species are in Mr. Gooch’s

collection. As Mr. Stainton has remarked, it is very

distinct from any other known species of Adela.

Adela ? electella.

Micropterya ? electella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

XXVlll., p. 495.

Mr. Walker’s type of Micropteryx ? electella is glued to

a card with the wings laid back unspread. Its antennz

are rather longer than the fore wings, a character

which would at once suffice to separate it from the genus

Micropteryx, to which it certainly does not belong. Its

purple fore wings, with a distinct yellowish white trans-

verse fascia, remind one very strongly of Adela natal-

ensis, Stn., but its much smaller size and the absence

of a pale costal spot distinguish it from that species,

even if it may be rightly included in the same genus.

I am not aware that the female of A. natalensis has

yet been observed, but, although the difference between

the sexes of the Adelide are in some cases remarkable,

TRANS. ENT. §0C. 1881.—PaRT II. (JULY.) 2k

248 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

there is no evidence at present to support a conjecture

that Adela / electella may prove to be the female of

A. natalensis; indeed, the great difference of their

respective sizes renders it at least improbable, but, in

view of their similarity, it is worthy of notice that the

specimen is mounted in such a way as to render it

apparently impossible to determine its sex, although

Mr. Walker considered it to be a male; and moreover,

that his examples of A. albicornis, which (as I pointed

out in the ‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’

London, February, 1880, p. 78), is a synonym of Adela

natalensis, Stn., were received in the same collection and

from the same locality as his Micropterya ? electella.

Hyponomevuta, Zeller.

Hyponomeuta africanus, Stn., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

n: 8., vol.\v.;.p. 222; Walk., Cat. Lep. Het.,

B. M., xxxv., p. 1824.

Hyponomeuta subplumbellus, n.s. (Pl. XI., fig. 16).

Capite palpis et antennis plumbeis. Thorace plumbeo,

maculis quinque nigris in margine dispositis. Alis

anticis angustis elongatis subnitentibus punctis nigris

seriatim dispositis quinque sub costa ultra medium pro-

ductis quinque supra plicam et quinque supra mar-

ginem dorsalem minus extensis; aliis minoribus ante

apicem singulis. Posticis plumbeo-cinereis quam anticis

vix latioribus.

Head, palpi, and antenne lead-colour, the face slightly

paler. Thorax lead-colour, with five black spots, two on

each side, and one at the back. Fore wings lead-colour,

slightly shining, with three rows of about five small

black dots, one below the costa reaching beyond the

middle, and one on each side of the fold reaching

scarcely beyond the middle, one or two smaller black

dots beyond the end of the cell. Hind wings slightly

wider than the fore wings, leaden grey (not black). Ex-

panse, 18 mm.

One specimen in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

This species is nearly allied to Hyponomeuta viginti-

punctatus, Retz., but the fore wings are narrower and

more elongate, the spots smaller and not so numerous ;

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 249

it is also somewhat similar in the arrangement of its

spots to Hyponomeuta funigatus. Zeller. The most

noticeable points of Professor Zeller’s description, which,

in addition to its larger size, seem to separate his

species from the one before us, are as follows :—‘‘ Ale

anteriores fumide sine ullo nitore,” ‘ alee posteriores multo

latiores,” “ nigre.”

Hyponomeuta funugatus, Zell., Handlingar Kong.

Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, pp. 101, 102; Stn.,

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., n.s., vol. v., p. 222;

Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxxv., p. 1824.

Hyponomeuta strigillatus, Zell., Handlingar Kong.

Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 102; Walk., Cat.

Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii., p. 581.

Hyponomeuta perficitellus. (Pl. XI., fig. 17).

Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviil., pp. 531, 582.

Represented in Mr. Gooch’s collection by a single

specimen. It agrees very closely with Professor Zeller’s

description of the preceding species, H. strigillatus, in

which, however, some of the spots would appear to be

connected in the form of streaks. The ‘‘ fovea pellucida

valde insignis” of the hind wings mentioned by Zeller is

particularly noticeable also in this species.

Psrcapia, Zeller.

Psecadia circumdatella.

Hyponomeuta circumdatellus, Walk., Cat, Lep. Het.,

B. M., xxviil., p. 582.

Psecadia circumdatella, Zell., Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross.,

xi. 235.

P. livida, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk. Vetens,

Akad., 1852, pp. 108, 104 ; Walk., Cat. Lep. Het.,

B. M., xxviil., p. 537.

There are several specimens of different sizes in Mr.

Gooch’s collection which, without doubt, belong to this

species. They were taken at light at Spring Vale in

October. Two of these are of a paler, more yellowish,

variety than the others, but cannot be considered distinct.

The species seems to be at least allied to the genus

250 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

Azinis, Walk., in which the abdominal margin of the hind

wing is considerably widened and extended.

Psecadia languida.

Psecadia (Coptoproctis) languida, Zell., Handlingar

Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, pp. 105, 106.

P. languida, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviil.,

p- 587.

Psecadia rufiventris.

Psecadia (Gymnogramma) rufiventris, Zell., Hand-

lingar Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, pp.

104, 105. +f

P. rufiventris, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxvii.

p- 537.

Kustixis, Hiibner.

Eustixis flavivitella, n. 8.

Capite flavo antennis flavidis articulo basali carnoso,

palpis brevibus; haustello mediocre nudo. Thorace

flavo, postice carnoso tincto. Alis anticis roseo-carnosis.

Striga dorsali a medio basi ante angulum analem antice

oblique projecta flava. Posticis subroseis.

Head yellow ; palpi yellowish, touched with rosy pink.

Antenne yellow, the basal joint rosy flesh-colour. Thorax

yellow, tinged with rosy flesh-colour posteriorly, and on

the middle of the patagia. Fore wings bright rosy flesh-

colour, with a yellow streak commencing at the middle

of the base, leaving a small rosy space at the extreme

base of the dorsal margin below it, beyond which it

follows the dorsal margin nearly to the anal angle,

throwing up an outwardly oblique attenuated projecting

streak beyond the middle of the wing. Hind wings,

cilia, and abdomen rosy pink. Hind legs yellowish, the

first pair strongly tinged with rosy flesh-colour. Under

side of fore wings bright rosy red; hind wings paler.

Expanse, 19 mm.

One specimen from Bedford, South Africa, given to me

by Mr. H. Druce. I find other specimens at the British

Museum, from the Cape, labelled ‘‘intactella” in Mr.

Walker's handwriting, but apparently undescribed by

him.

This is another remarkable instance of similarity

between African and American genera. ‘The genus

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 251

Eustixis of Hubner is easily recognisable by his figure of

the North American Hustixis pupula in the ‘Sammlung

exotischer Schmetterlinge Zutrige,’ figs. 489, 490. This

species was subsequently described by Walker under the

name of Mieza subfervens, and placed by him among the

Iithoside. Messrs. Grote and Robinson (Cat. Lep.

N. Am., 1868), restored to it the generic name Hustixis,

under which it was figured by Stretch (‘ Zygenide and

Bombycide, N. Am.,’ Pl. vii., fig. 17), still among the

Inthoside. eller then re-described it as Hnemia

psammitis, rightly regarding it as allied to the genus

Psecadia, among the Tineide (in the subdivision Hypo-

nomeutina). The African species, although specifically

distinct, is undoubtedly congeneric with those of North

America.

Depressaria, Haworth.

Depressaria trimenella, n. s.. (Pl. XI, fig. 19).

Capite subochraceo, capillis fuscis; palpis sub-

ochraceis, articulo apicali fusco bicincto, apice extremo

fusco. Alis anticis dilute ochraceis subbrunneo partim

suffusis. Plaga costali post medium versus apicem pro-

jecta nigricante, puncto nigro discali nonnunquam attin-

gente punctis parvis in costa et in margine apicali nigri-

cantibus. Posticis dilute cinereis.

Head and thorax pale ochreous, the raised scales on

the crest touched with fuscous. Palpi pale ochreous, the

second joint touched with fuscous on its outer side, the

apical joint with two fuscous rings, its extreme apex also

touched with fuscous. Antenne tinged with fuscous.

Fore wings pale ochreous, partly suffused with a pale

brownish shade, especially on the lower half of the wing

before the middle, at the extreme end of the cell, and

immediately above the anal angle. A large blackish

patch commences at the middle of the costa, and is

continued more than half-way to the apex, extending

nearly half across the wing, where it ends at its ner

angle in a conspicuous black spot, preceded by some

detached black scales (the spot is absent in the smaller

specimens). Before this patch are three or four blackish

spots on the costa, other smaller ones being distributed

around the apical margin. Hind wings pale cinereous.

Expanse, 11—20 mm.

Four specimens in the Gooch collection, one of which

was taken at light at Spring Vale in January.

252 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

Depressaria ? acerbella.

Depressaria acerbella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

xxix., p..564.

The typical specimen has lost its body and palpi; a

redescription of it would, therefore, be useless. It does

not appear to me to belong to the genus Depressaria, but,

for the reasons above stated, it would be rash to suggest

to what genus it might more properly be transferred.

Enicostoma, Stephens

Enicostoma coarctata, n.s. (Pl. X1., fig. 20).

Capite antennis et palpis obscure fusco-griseis, palpis

articulo secundo supra squamis elongatis subfasciculato,

fusco-griseis. Alis anticis fusco-griseis, punctis duobus

scabris ante medium uno in cellula, uno in plica nigris.

Posticis quam anticis vix dilutioribus.

Head, thorax, antenna, palpi, and fore wings dark

fuscous-erey, the palpi with the second joint thickened

on the upper side, with a somewhat appressed tuft of

long scales slightly more developed than in the allied

Kuropean species, Hnicostoma lobella, W. V.; the apical

joint slender, acuminate, recurved. Fore wings narrower

than in FE. lobella, of nearly the same dark fuscous-grey

colour, but with only two raised dots of blackish scales,

one on the dise before the middle, the other on the fold

straight below it. In one specimen is a faint indication

of a third spot towards the end of the cell. Hind wings

and abdomen scarcely paler than the fore wings.

Eixpanse, 15 mm.

One specimen from Spring Vale.

CrYPTOLECHIA, Zeller.

Cryptolechia stramineella. (Pl. X1., fig. 21).

Cryptolechia stramineella, Zell., Handlingar Kong.

Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 107.

Cryptolechia straminella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

KXIX., DP. (40;

(Nec C. straminella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

XXIK., P- [aae)

There are five specimens of this species in Mr. Gooch’s

collection. It is especially interesting, as being the

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 2538

typical species for which Professor Zeller originally

founded the genus Cryptolechia. The acute apex of the

fore wings conspicuously distinguishes it from the great

majority of American species which have since been

included in this genus by Zeller himself, as well as by

other authors. It may be well to trace the history of

the genus, which will amply account for the somewhat

cumbrous proportions to which it has now attained.

In 1852 (Handlingar Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad.,

p- 106), in a paper entitled ‘‘ Microptera Caffrarie,”

Professor Zeller thus characterised the genus Crypto-

lechia :—

“Char. essent.— Ale late, anteriores acutangule.

Abdomen convexum, superne non marginatum, in mare

utrinque ciliatum, ciliis deflexis. Char. natural.—Capilli

depressi, in occipite interdum suberecti. Ocelli nulli.

Antenne setacee, alis anterioribus breviores, in mare

pubescentes, vel ciliate. Palpi maxillares breves, tenues,

acuti, conniventes. Palpi labiales recurvi; thorace

longiores articulo secundo compresso, subtus laxe

squamato vel piloso terminali setaceo, levigato, acuto.

Haustellum breve. Abdomen convexum, superne non

marginatum, pilis lateralibus in mare longioribus pen-

dulis marginem ventralem formantibus. Ale late an-

teriorum apex acutus, angulus dorsalis distinctus, sed

rotundatus; posteriorum margo posticus ante apicem

convexus ante angulum analem non sinuatus.”’

Subsequently, in the ‘ Linnea Entomologica,’ vol. ix.,

pp- 858, 354, he re-characterised the genus Cryptolechia

thus :—

‘“‘Char. essent.—Palpi longi reflexi corniformes. An-

tenne abdominis longitudine, ¢ ciate. Ale aut costa

prope basim convexa, posteriores late costa, # simplice,

margine postico ante apicem retuso breviter ciliate.

Abdomen dorso carinato convexum. Char. naturalis.—

Caput squamis decumbentibus, ocellis nullis, oculis

majusculis. Antenne abdominis longitudine vel

longiores, articulis confertis, ¢ ciliate. Haustellum

mediocre, basi squamata. Palpi maxillares breves fili-

formes conniventes. Palpi labiales, thorace longiores,

reflexi, modice incrassati, articulo terminali setaceo

acuminato. Pedes mediocres, tibiz postice in dorso

longius pilose, calcaribus validis. Abdomine modice |

longum, convexulum, dorso distincte carmatum, postice

planum ac subcoarctatum, fasciculo 9 anali mediocri.

254 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

Ale anteriores latiuscule, tortriciformes, costa prope

basim convexa postice rectilinea vel modice convexa,

apice acuto vel obtuso vel obtuse rotundato ; vene simplices.

Ale posteriores ample, breviter ciliate, costa vix con-

vexula, margine postico ante apicem impresso, venis

simplicibus.”

This considerable extension of the distinguishing

characters of the genus enabled him to include in it such

forms as that of Cryptolechia sesquitertia, Zell. (Lin. Ent.

ix., pl. 111, f. 20), an insect apparently differing more

widely from the original African type than from the

allied genera, Auxocrassa, Mesoptycha, and Anteotricha,

also then for the first time defined by the same author.

Mr. Walker (Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxix., p. 722), has

described another species of this genus from Ega under

the name Cryptolechia straminella, Walk., and sub-

sequently, in the same volume of his ‘Catalogue’ (p. 745),

has spelt the name of Zeller’s African species in the same

way, whereas it was originally spelt ‘‘ stramineella.”” The

distinction is scarcely sufficient to justify the retention

of Mr. Walker’s name for the South American species,

which in any future revision of the genus should certainly

be re-christened.

Cryptolechia obliquella, n.s. (Pl. XI., fig. 22).

Capite palpis et antennis lacteis. Thorace lacteo-

brunneo bimaculato. Alis anticis lacteis, macula in

basi cost, fascia basali, fascia mediali late reduplicato

cuneiforme, et fascia anguste prope marginem apicalem,

brunneis; ciliis lacteis. Alis posticis lacteo-cinereis.

Apud apicem cost subobsolete bistrigalis.

Head, palpi, and antennze creamy white. Thorax

creamy white, with two brownish spots or streaks. Fore

_ wings with the costa slightly arched, the apical margin

oblique ; apex somewhat acuminate, creamy white, with

a brown spot at the extreme base of the costa, a narrow

brown fascia near the base slightly curved outwards. A

wide reduplicated brown wedge-shaped fascia occupying

two-thirds of the costal and one-half of the dorsal space

beyond the middle of the wing, its central space showing

the pale ground colour in more or less amalgamated

longitudinal streaks ; its inner edge straight, its outer

edge obliquely parallel to the apical margin; before

this running from the apex to within the anal angle

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 255

is another narrow brownish oblique fascia. Cilia creamy

white. Hind wings and cilia whitish cinereous, with

two subobsolete brownish costal streaks before the apex.

Expanse, 15 mm.

Three specimens. ‘‘ Spring Vale and D’Urban, July,

September, and October.”

This insect has the palpi of a Cryptolechia, but the

form of its wings is so different from that of the majority

of species, from various parts of the world, which have

been placed in this genus by different authors, that

I should have hesitated to include it among them had I

not been able to compare it with specimens of the

preceding species, from which Professor Zeller originally

characterised the genus; from these it cannot be con-

sidered generically distinct.

Cryptolechia castella, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad. 1852, pp. 107, 108; Walk., Cat.

Lep. Het., B. M., xxix. 745.

Cryptolechia eariasella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

xxix. 746.

Cryptolechia heresiella, Wallgr., Of. Af. Kongl. Vet.

Akad. For., 1875, Arg. 32, pp. 128, 129.

Cryptolechia dilutella, n.s. (Pl. X1., fig. 23).

Capite (capillis aliquot hirsutis), palpis antennis et

thorace dilute albido-ochraceis. Alis anticis dilute albido-

ochraceis, punctis duobus in cellula tertio postice in

plica, et serie arcuata punctorum ante marginem

apicalem subobsoletis fuscescentibus, serie in margine

apicali paulo distinctiore. Squamis elongatis prope basi

marginis dorsalis in penicillo appresso collectis. Posticis

dilute cinereis, ciliis dilutioribus.

Head rather rough, together with the thorax, palpi,

and antenne pale whitish ochreous. Fore wings pale

whitish ochreous, the costa very faintly and narrowly

shaded with ochreous; a small patch of elongated

scales on the dorsal margin near the base, forming an

appressed tuft, a small fuscous discal spot a little above

the middle of the wing at one-fourth from the base,

followed by another nearly obsolete spot towards the end

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1881.—PART II. (JULY.) 21

256 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

of the cell, situated in the middle of a narrow oblique

subfuscous shade; beneath these two, and equidistant

from each, is another indistinct spot on the fold. Half-

way between the end of the cell and the apex is a

semicircular series of almost obsolete fuscous dots

running nearly parallel to the margin of the wing, and

on the apical margin itself is a series of rather more

distinct but scarcely larger dots of the same colour; a

very minute fuscous shade on the extreme apex of the

costa. Cilia concolorous with the wing. Hind wings

pale cinereous, with very pale cilia. Expanse, 17 mm.

One specimen in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

Cryptolechia atropunctella, n.s. (Pl. XL, fig. 24).

Capite thorace et palpis albis immaculatis, antennis

paulo infuscatis. Alis anticis albis apice rotundato, costa

peranguste substraminea punctis tribus discalibus atris

quorum secundum primo oblique subjacet, tertio ad

finem cellule, serie punctorum minorum in margine

apicali. Posticis dilutissime griseo-albidis subni-

tentibus.

Head and thorax white; the palpi white, having the

third joint almost as long as the second, which is but

slightly thickened. Antenne white at the base, some-

what tinged with fuscous beyond. Fore wings with the

apex much rounded, white, the costa very narrowly

tinged with straw-colour, especially towards the apex.

Two black discal spots before the middle, the upper one

being the nearest to the base, a third black spot lying at

the end of the cell; a row of from three to five smaller

black dots along the apical margin. Cilia white. Hind

wings rather shining whitish, with a very faint rosy

ereyish tinge. Under side of the fore wings tinged with

fuscous ; the costal margins of all the wings pale straw-

colour. Expanse, 15 mm.

Three specimens from Spring Vale, taken at light in

November.

Cryptolechia roseoflavida, n.s. (Pl. XII, fig. 25).

Capillis erectis obscureroseo-brunneis. Thorace obscure

roseo-brunneo. Palpis recurvis tenuibus verticem non

superantibus subroseis. Antennis brunneo-fuscis. Alis

Tineide. and Pterophoride of South Africa. 257

anticis nitentibus dilute aurantio-flavidis. Cillis roseo-

puniceis, basi extremo et margine costali late roseo-

puniceis, maculis duabus discalibus roseo-puniceis. Alis

posticis dilute fumidis apud apicem roseo paulo suffusis.

Head rather rough with some erect scales, dull rosy

brown. Thorax dull rosy brown. Palpi recurved, rather

slender, not overarching the vertex, rosy pinkish.

Antenne brownish. Fore wings with the apex some-

what rounded, the anal angle not well defined, bright

shining pale orange-yellow. A rosy pink shade occupies

the extreme base, and overspreads the costal third of the

wing to the apex, gradually blending with the pale

ground colour ; below this shade are two rosy-pink spots

on the disc, one before and one beyond the middle ; a few

rosy-pink scales about the dorsal and apical margins ;

the cilia bright rosy pink. Hind wings pale smoky

grey, with a slight rosy tinge towards the apex. Expanse,

24 mm.

Two specimens received from the late Colonel Harvey

Tower from Natal.

Cryptolechia roseocostella, n.s. (Pl. XIL., fig. 26).

Capite et thorace albis. Antenne dilute brunneis.

Palpis albis, articulo apicali roseo suffuso. Alis anticis

rotundatis albis, costa anguste rosea, macula ante

medium triangulare cujus apex attenuatus externe ad

finem cellule productus dilute brunneus, margine apicali

et basi marginis dorsalis dilute brunneis. Ciliis albis.

Alis posticis cum ciliis albis.

Head and thorax white. Antenne pale brownish.

Palpi white, the apical joint suffused with rose-colour.

Fore wings with the apex rounded, the anal angle also

rounded, white, the costa narrowly bright rose-colour,

having, slightly beyond its middle, a triangular pale

brown patch, of which the apex is produced in an

attenuated and angulated streak to the end of the cell,

reaching about half-way across the wing. The apical

margin is also pale brown, the space occupied by this

colour clearly defined and attenuated towards the anal

angle. A pale brown shade lies along the base of the

dorsal margin. Cilia white. Hind wings and cilia white.

Expanse, 16 mm.

Taken at D’Urban among bush in November.

258 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

AnrmotTricHa, Zeller.

Anteotricha ? ovata, n. 8.

Capite antennis et palpis testaceo-griseis; thorace

forti. Palpis articulo tertio longitudine secundo equali,

quam in Cryptolechia aliquot fortiori. Alis anticis ovatis

costa arcuata apice rotundato testaceo-griseis subnitenti-

bus ; puncto singulo apud finem cellule fusco, venis ultra

eam subconspicuis ; posticis quam anticis latioribus vix

dilutioribus griseo-cinereis.

Head, antenne, and palpi pale testaceous-grey, the

palpi with the second and third joints of about equal

length, the third slightly stouter than in Cryptolechia.

Thorax stout. Fore wings ovate, with the costa arched,

the apex rounded, pale testaceous-grey, rather shining ;

a single fuscous spot at the end of the cell, beyond which

the veins are traceable to the apical margin. Hind wings

rather broader than the fore wings, slightly paler greyish

cinereous. Expanse, 25 mm.

One specimen in poor condition in Mr. Gooch’s

collection.

(HcopHora, Zeller.

(Ecophora? obliquestrigella, n.s. (Pl. XII., fig. 27).

Capite levi, palpis tenuibus, thorace pleno. An-

tennis (articulo basali supra squamis erectis incras-

sato) et alis anticis dilutissime ochraceo-cervinis ;

striga costali oblique inversa ultra medium postice

projecta et margine apicali anguste purpureo-fuscis

puncto minimo disecali concolore in terno basali squa-

mulis dilutioribus utrinque diffusis. Posticis parvis

ovatis.

Head, thorax, palpi, antenne, and fore wings pale

ochraceous-fawn colour, the head smooth, with closely

appressed scales above and in front; the palpi slender,

acuminate. Antenne with the basal joint appearing

thickened by a dense tuft of appressed scales above it.

Thorax wide. Fore wings with the costa somewhat

raised beyond the middle, with a single dark purplish

fuscous streak from the highest part of the costa pointing

inwards, and extending straight down to or beyond the

middle of the wing. MHalf-way between this and the

base is a small purplish fuscous dot above the middle,

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 259

and at the same distance on its other side in the direction

of the anal angle are a few scattered scales of the same

colour; some small paler scales are widely scattered

over the general surface of the wing. A_ straight

purplish fuscous streak occupies the middle of the apical

margin, extending downwards into the cilia above the

anal angle, and upwards towards the costa near the

apex, giving a square appearance which does not

correspond to the actual shape of the wing margin.

Hind wings narrow, ovate, rather shining, very pale

cinereous, small in proportion to the upper wings. Hx-

panse, 15 mm.

This species appears to agree more closely with

(Ecophora than with any other genus, but the hind

wings are unusually small, and | am unwilling to denude

the only specimen in the collection to ascertain its

neuration.

One specimen in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

TERATOPSIS, Nl. g.

Capilli hirsuti; ore levi. Ocelli nulli. Haustellum

mediocre, squamatum. Palpi maxillares brevissimi supra

haustellum conniventes. Palpi labiales erecti verticem

superantes, articulo secundo quam tertio bis longiore,

tertio squamis rudibus ante apicem aliquot incrassato,

apice acuminato. Antenne supra subserrate. Ale

antice costa ante medium perarcuata margine postico

subobliquo, vena apicali fureata. Ale postice sat late

cellula clausa. Tibi postice hirsute pilose.

Head rough above, face smooth. Ocelli none. Tongue

of moderate length, scaled. Maxillary palpi short,

meeting over the tongue. Labial palpi erect, slightly

overreaching the vertex, the third joint about half the

length of the second, roughly scaled in the middle, with

the apex acuminate. Antenne slightly serrated above.

Fore wings quadrangular, the costa sharply arched before

the middle, the apical margin rather oblique ; anal angle

with long cilia. The apical vein forked, all the others

single. Hind wings rather broad, rounded at the tip,

not emarginate below the apex. Hind tibie thickly

clothed with coarse hair-like scales. Spurs short.

This genus seems to be allied to Cryptolechia. The

apical joint of the palpi, which is somewhat coarsely

260 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

scaled instead of being slender and naked, as in that

genus, and the suddenly arched, almost angulated costa,

are the chief characters which appear to separate it.

It has much the appearance of the genus Jeras, Lin.,

among the Tortricide.

Teratopsis tunicella, n.s. (Pl. XII., fig. 28).

Capite thorace palpis et antennis schistaceo-griseis.

Palpis articulo tertio squamis rudibus ante apicem

acuminatum paulo incrassato. Alis anticis schistaceo-

griseis plaga basali externe arcuata et squamis erectis

perspicue marginata purpurascente, lunula auriforme ad

finem cellule atomis atris circumjacentibus, margine

apicali punctulis atris indicato. Posticis dilute schistaceo-

griseis subnitentibus.

Head, thorax, and antenne slaty grey; the palpi

slaty grey, mottled with a few dusky scales on the outer

sides, having the second joint of even width thickly

sealed ; the third joint half as long as the second, some-

what thickened in the middle, with rough scales nearly

reaching to the apex, which is acuminate. Fore wings

slaty grey, with a conspicuous and distinct basal patch

of bronzy purple covering the basal third of the wing,

except on the dorsal margin, rounded at its outer edge,

which is distinguished by a line of strongly-raised

blackish purple scales, reaching nearly, but not quite,

to the dorsal margin. An ear-shaped spot lies at the

end of the disc, its narrow blackish margin interrupted

on the side immediately opposite to the anal angle, and

separated by a slight interspace from its reddish purple

centre. Around it are a series of minute blackish dots,

which seem to be continued downwards on its inner side

to the dorsal margin and anal angle, becoming more

conspicuous along the apical margin, and reaching

around the apex to the costa. Hind wings rather

shining pale slaty greyish, lighter on the costa towards

the base, with a slender pale line along the base of the

cilia. Hxpanse, 18 mm.

A single specimen in good condition is in Mr. Gooch’s

collection.

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 261

PgoricopTeRA, Stainton.

Psoricoptera ? hirsutella, n.s. (Pl. XII, fig. 29).

Capite aliquot hirsuto-griseo; haustello mediocre,

squamato. Palpis labialibus griseis fusco striatis et

ivroratis articulo secundo late fasciculato, articulo

apicali erecto tenui paulum squamato. Antennis fuscis.

Alis anticis scabris dilute griseo-ochraceis undique fusco

suffusis et irroratis ; flocco basali submediali erecto fusco

et flocco post medium supra marginem dorsalem sub-

ochraceo. Posticis et abdomine cinereis.

Head slightly rough, grey. Tongue moderate coarsely

scaled. Labial palpi mottled and irrorated with greyish

fuscous, with the second joint thickly and widely tufted

beneath ; the apical joint erect, slender, slightly scaled.

Antenne fuscous, with the basal joint scarcely thickened.

Fore wings pale greyish ochreous, almost entirely suffused

or sprinkled with dark fuscous, with numerous scattered

tufts of raised fuscous scales, of which the most promi-

nent and conspicuous is at the base of the wing slightly

below the middle. Immediately above the dorsal

margin, and beyond the middle of the wing, is another

conspicuous tuft of scales of the pale ground colour.

Hind wings cinereous, with a slender pale ochraceous

line at the base of the cilia. Abdomen cinereous. The

posterior pair of tibie hairy. Hxpanse, 20 mm.

One specimen in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

In neuration it differs only slightly from Psoricoptera

gibbosella, Zell., in which species the fork of the apical

vein is nearer to the cell, and the position of the veins

about the anal angle is somewhat different.

GELECHIA, Zeller.

Gelechia rescissella, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, 110; Walk., Cat. Lep. Het.,

iB, Mo xxix, 628.

G. zetterstedtiella, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, 110; Walk., Cat. Lep. Het.,

i>. My-xxix. 628.

Gelechia zulu, n.s. (Pl. XII., fig. 30).

Capite dilute ferrugineo. Palpis tenuibus albidis

externe aliquot infuscatis, Thorace brunneo-fusco,

262 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

patagiis canis. Alis anticis brunneo-fuscis, fascia

obliqua aliquando apud medium interne projecta et

macula costali ante apicem canis. Margine dorsali

linea antice albida postice ferruginea indicato. Posticis

sub apice vix excisis dilute fuscis.

Head pale ferruginous. Palpi slender, whitish, the

third joint nearly as long as the second, slightly shaded

on their outer sides. Antenne fuscous. Thorax brownish

fuscous ; the wing-coverts white. Fore wings brownish

fuscous, with a white fascia scarcely beyond the middle

pointing obliquely outwards from the costa, and some-

times with an excrescence on its inner edge about the

middle of the wing. A white triangular costal spot

before the apex. The apical margin is marked by a

slender whitish line, followed by some blackish scales at

the base of the cilia. A pale streak runs along the

dorsal margin, its upper half whitish, its lower half

ferruginous. Hind wings pale fuscous, scarcely emargi-

nate below the apex. Hxpanse, 12 mm.

Two specimens taken at light at D’Urban and Spring

Vale in July and December (Gooch).

Gelechia flavipalpella, n.s. (Pl. XII., fig. 31).

Capite palpis tenuibus et antennis flavidis. Alis

anticis acuminatis cum ciliis subpurascenti-fuscis puncto |

obscuro postmedium subobsoleto, posticis cum ciliis

cinereis.

Head yellow, slightly tinged with fuscous above; the

face bright yellow. Palpi slender, recurved, yellow.

Antenne simple, yellowish, slightly touched with fuscous

on their upper sides beyond the base. Fore wings

elongate, acuminate, together with the cilia fuscous with

a purplish tinge ; an almost obsolete darker fuscous spot

beyond the end of the cell. Hind wings and cilia

cinereous. Expanse, 17 mm.

Taken at light in October at Spring Vale (Gooch).

Gelechia abjunctella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

Xxix. 629.

Two specimens are in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

Taken at D’Urban in the garden in August and

September.

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 268

Bracumia, Heinemann.

Brachmia trigella.

Gelechia (Brachmia) trigella, Zell., Handlingar Kong.

Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, pp. 112, 113; Walk.,

Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxix., p. 628.

Brachmia subsecivella.

Gelechia (Brachmia) subsecivella, Zell., Handlingar

Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, pp. 1138, 114;

Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xl., p. 629.

Drosica, Walk.

Drosiea abjectella’ (Pl. XII., fig. 32).

Drosica abjectella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxviii.,

pp. 519, 520.

One specimen of this species is in Mr. Gooch’s

collection. The palpi are very peculiar, somewhat

diverging, clothed beneath with a fringe of elongate

scales, which, turning slightly inwards, give them a

pectinated or feathered appearance. The hind tibie

have the first pair of spurs very long, and about equal

to each other.

Mr. Gooch writes of this species, ‘‘D’Urban, bush on

Berea, August.”

KUCLEODORA, 0. g.

Caput squamis appressis levigatum. Antenne pubes-

centes alis anticis vix longiores. Haustellum sat longum

dense squamatum. Palpi labiales articulo secundo

aliquot incrassato, articulo apicali in dimidio basali

paulo supra fasciculato. Ale antice elongate ovate

sub apice profunde incise vena apicali furcata. Postice

lanceolate. Tibiz antice externe fasciculate.

Head obtuse, with appressed scales, not rough.

Antenne scarcely longer than the fore wings, pubescent.

Tongue rather long, coarsely scaled. Labial palpi long,

recurved ; the second joint somewhat thickened about

the middle, scaled on its upper side ; third joint slender,

shghtly shorter than the second joint, its basal half

tufted on the upper side. Fore wings elongate-ovate,

deeply indented below the apex ; the apical vein forked,

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—pPaRr 0, (JULY,) 2M

hall

264 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

both forks reaching the costal margin before the extreme

apex. Hind wings lanceolate; the abdominal angle

strongly defined.

Eucleodora chalybeella, n.s. (Pl. XIL., fig. 33).

Capillis levigatis et antennis pubescentibus cinereis.

Palpis dilute cinereis articulo apicali supra ferrugineo

fasciculato. Alis anticis margine apicali profunde inciso

ferrugineis terno dorsali dilutiore; litura a basi ultra

medium attenuate projecta, postice ferruginea subangu-

lata, antice purpurascenti-chalybea; striga costali ultra

medium peroblique reduplicata nitente chalybea; infra

eam litura chalybea. Apice chalybeo substriato. Pos-

ticis cum cillis cinereis. ,

Head smooth, cinereous. Antenne pubescent, cine-

reous. Palpi pale cinereous, the second joint slightly

thickened, the apical joimt with a pale ferruginous tuft

of elongate somewhat appressed scales on its basal half.

Tongue coarsely scaled. Fore wings elongate-ovate,

with the apex rounded, the apical margin deeply excised,

ferruginous; the dorsal third of the wing paler; an

elongate outwardly attenuated costal blotch coming from.

the base, angulated and clearly defined below the middle

of the wing, is dark ferruginous on its lower, and shining

purplish steel-colour on its upper, half; a slender out-

wardly very oblique reduplicated shining steel-coloured

costal streak, joining before the apex a short single

costal streak of the same colour. The apical portion of

the wing with some slender steel-grey streaks. Hind

wings and cilia cimereous. The anterior tibie slightly

tufted, with elongate hair-like scales on their outer

sides. Hxpanse, 13 mm.

One specimen, taken at Spring Vale at light.

Cuenaria, Haw.

Chelaria albo-grisea, n.s. (Pl. XIL., fig. 34).

Capite albido-griseo. Palpis griseo striatis et macu-

latis; articulo secundo late fasciculato. Alis anticis

albido-griseis; fusco-brunneo atomosis, ltura apud

medium elongata quadrangulari; litura costali sub-

apicali cum macula interjacente et margine apicali

fuscis, squamis paucis singule dispersis cyaneo-chaly-

beis. Alis posticis cinereo-fuscis sub vena costali

anguste chalybeo pellucidis in vena dorsali fasciculatis,

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 265

Head and thorax whitish grey; palpi erect, arching

over the vertex, whitish grey, streaked and spotted with

greyish fuscous; the second joint with a widely project-

ing semicircular tuft of long closely-packed coarse scales

beneath ; the apical joint with two small appressed tufts

above. Antenne with the basal joint slightly enlarged,

dirty whitish, annulated with ereyish fuscous. Fore

wings whitish erey, with a slight pinkish tinge, irrorated

with brownish fuscous scales, and with a few single

widely scattered steel-blue metallic scales chiefly about

the darker markings. A somewhat quadrangular fuscous

spot lies scarcely above the middle of the wing; the

costa above it slightly shaded; a costal blotch of about

the same size before the apex, and a smaller spot

between the two are of the same colour; the apical

margin is also narrowly fuscous; cilia whitish grey.

Hind wings cinereous-fuscous, with a narrow semi-

transparent steel-blue streak beneath the costal vein,

and a tuft of long cinereous-fuscous scales arising from

the base of the dorsal vein, but apparently not “erect.

Expanse, 21 mm.

One specimen. Spring Vale, among trees; December.

YpsoLopuus, Fabricius.

Ypsolophus furvellus, Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 115.

Ypsolophus latipalpis, n.s. (Pl. XII., fig. 35).

Capite palpis et antennis griseo et fusco atomosis.

Palpis porrectis articulo secundo supra anguste infra

late fasciculato; articulo apicali brevi filiforme ; externe

fusco suffusis. Alis anticis angustis elongatis (margine

apicali obliquo) brunneo-fuscis ; apud basim et in margine

costali ante apicem griseo atomosis; linea angusta in

basi ciliorum marginis apicalis ochrea. Posticis sub-

nitidis dilute griseis vix purpurascentibus; linea in basi

ciliorum dilute ochrea.

Head, palpi and antenne speckled with grey and

fuscous, the palpi very considerably prominent; the

second joint with a narrow gradually attenuated tuft on

its upper side, a wider and far projecting tuft on its

under side, both laterally compressed; the apical joint

obliquely erect, short and filiform ; both much tinged on

266 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

their outer sides with brownish fuscous. Fore wings

narrow, elongate (with the apical margin oblique, the

extreme apex rounded), brownish fuscous, with a very

faint plum-coloured gloss; speckled about the base of

the fold and costal margin with whitish grey scales, as

also about the costal margin on the apical fourth of the

wing. Cilia dark brownish fuscous, slightly speckled

with greyish, and with a narrow pale ochreous line

along their base, continued around the anal angle.

Hind wings and cilia shining pale grey, with a very

faint purplish tinge; a narrow faint ochreous line

running along the base of the cilia. Expanse, 14 mm.

One specimen in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

Ypsolophus straminis, n.s. (Pl. XIL., fig. 36).

Capite et thorace dilute stramineis. Antennis supra

dilute punctatis. Palpis dilute stramineis externe pur-

purascentibus ; articulo secundo incrassato plene vestito,

apicali oblique projecto nec erecto, tenui. Alis anticis

dilute stramineis ; macula discali in medio et striga paulo

ante marginem apicalem ferrugineis, squamis metallicis

cyaneo-purpureis adspersis. Posticis dilute subcinereo-

stramineis.

Head and thorax pale straw-colour. Antenne pale

straw-colour, faintly dotted above with fuscous. Palpi

pale straw-colour on their inner sides, streaked with

purplish externally; the second jomt much thickened,

densely clothed, laterally compressed; the apical joint

projecting rather obliquely, not erect, slender. Fore

wings pale straw-colour, having a pale ferruginous shade

lying obliquely parallel to and near the apical margin,

extending to the apex, but not quite to the anal angle,

containing throughout its length bright bluish purple

metallic scales ; ; a ferruginous elongate discal spot about

the middle of the wing, also containing some bright

bluish purple metallic scales; between this discal spot

and the anal angle is a faint streak of ferruginous-brown

scales, another slight streak of the same colour beyond

the middle of the cell, reaching to the dark marginal

shade. Hind wings pale rather cinereous straw-colour.

Legs pale straw-colour, some of the joints touched with

purplish. Expanse, 18 mm.

One specimen given to me by Mr. H. Druce from

Bedford, South Africa.

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 267

Ypsolophus siccifolii, n.s. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 37).

Capite levi antennis simplicibus et thorace pleno

osseis. Palpis osseis, articulo secundo late fasciculato

externe fusco liturato; articulo apicali tenui fusco

bicincto. Alis anticis latitudine ter longioribus; costa

ultra basim recta; margine apicali obliquo, osseo-

cinereis, ochraceo-cervino partim suffusis et irroratis ;

squamis atro purpureis in medio et in fine cellule

glomeratis; strigulis costalibus prope apicem sub-

argenteis et linea metallice argentea in margine

apicali. Posticis dilute osseis subnitentibus.

Head smooth, antenne simple, thorax wide, all bone-

coloured. Labial palpi bone-coloured, projecting, re-

curved; the second joint having a wide laterally

compressed tuft projecting fully its own length beyond

it, blotched with fuscous on its outer side ; the apical

joint slender, acuminate, with two subconspicuous

fuscous rings. Fore wings cinereous bone-colour, more

or less irrorated and suffused with ochreous fawn-

colour, especially on the upper and outer half of the

wing; a few scattered dark purplish scales near the base

of the costal margin, and two rounded groups of dark

purplish scales on the disc, one before and one beyond

the middle; some shining whitish oblique streaks on the

outer half of the costa, and a bright shining silvery

metallic line along the apical margin. Cilia shaded

with brownish ochreous, darker at their tips. Hind

wings slightly emarginate below the apex, together with

their cilia pale bone-colour. Posterior tibie smooth,

somewhat thickened, but not tufted. Expanse, 25 mm.

One specimen only. Spring Vale, at light; De-

cember (Gooch).

Noruris, Hitbner.

Gelechia (Nothris) externella, Zell., Handlingar Kong.

Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, p.109; Walk., Cat.

Lep. Het., B. M., xxix., p. 628.

Gelechia (Nothris) septella, Zell., Handlingar Kong.

Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 108; Walk., Cat.

Lep. Het., B. M., xxix., p. 628.

Two specimens in Mr. Gooch’s collection. Taken at

D’Urban and Spring Vale ; December.

268 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

Nothris meridionella, n.s. (Pl. XIII, fig. 38).

Capite palpis et antennis dilute ochreis. Alis anticis

ochreis ; puncto in finem cellule majore, punctis tribus

ante medium minoribus, duobus discalibus uno in

plica, fuscis; margine apicali subfusco adumbrato

punctis tribus minimis supra angulum analem; ciliis

ochreis. Alis posticis cinereis ; ciliis subochraceis.

Head, palpi and antenne pale ochreous, the palpi

with the second joint thickened, very slightly tufted at

its apex; apical joint slender, nearly as long as the

second. Thorax and fore wings ochreous, with four

small fuscous dots, the largest at the end of the cell, the

other three much smaller; the first on the dise at about

one-fifth from the base, the second also on the disc just

before the middle, the third on the fold lying obliquely

below and before the second ; the apical margin slightly

shaded with fuscous, with two or three small marginal

fuscous dots above the anal angle. Cilia ochreous.

Hind wings cinereous, with pale ochreous cilia. Hx-

panse, 15 mm.

Two specimens in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

This species is nearly allied to the European Nothris

Durdhamella, Stn., but differs in the number and position

of the spots.

Toprutis, Hitbner.

Topeutis drucella, n.s. (Pl. XIII, fig. 39).

Capite cum flocco frontali cervine albido. Palpis

capite plus quam bis longioribus porrectis. Alis anticis

(costa arcuata) albidis, inter venas dilute cervino multi-

striatis ; coste dimidio basali conspicue albido; punctis

duobus parvis discalibus brunneo-fuscis. Posticis dilute

cinereo-cervinis.

Head fawn-white, thickly clothed with coarse scales

projecting forwards over the face. Labial palpi whitish

above, dusky beneath, projecting more than twice the

length of the head beyond it, less roughly clothed than

in the European species of this genus, the apical joimt

especially being much less coarsely scaled. -The struc-

ture of the whitish antenne is similar to those of

Topeutis barbella, Fab., but they are somewhat less

hairy in the male. Thorax whitish fawn-colour. Fore

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 269

wings (with the costa considerably arched, the apical

margin oblique) whitish, longitudinally streaked with

pale fawn-colour, which fills all the interspaces between

the veins, leaving these conspicuously distinguished by

the whitish ground colour. Along the basal half of the

costal margin is a conspicuous whitish streak, narrow at

the base, broader towards its middle, and gradually

attenuated towards the middle of the costa, dying out a

little beyond it. At the extreme base of the costa are a

few brownish scales. There are two small brownish

fuscous discal spots, the lesser before, the greater

beyond, the middle; a series of three or four subobsolete

spots of the same colour are distinguishable along the

apical margin in good specimens. Cilia whitish, mixed

with pale fawn-colour. Hind wings very pale cinereous

fawn-colour. Legs roughly hairy, as in Topeutis

barbella, Fab., with which it appears to agree also in

neuration. Hxpanse, 19 mm.

One male from Bedford, South Africa.

I am indebted to Mr. H. Druce for this interesting

addition to my collection; I have ventured to name it

in his honour. There are also two specimens of this

species in Mr. Gooch’s collection, taken at light in

October and November at Spring Vale.

Hyprrcauiia, Stephens.

Hypercallia subreticulata (Pl. XIII., fig. 40).

Capite et thorace flavis miniano-roseo subtinctis.

Antennis albidis fusco supra punctatis. Palpis flavis,

versus apicem utriusque articuli roseo tinctis. Alis

anticis flavis, strigis et lituris miniano-roseis subreticu-

latis, quorum majores squamis cyaneo-chalybeis ad-

sperse sunt. Posticis cum ciliis brunneo-fuscis.

Head and thorax bright yellow, touched with rosy

vermilion. Antenne whitish, dotted above with fuscous.

Palpi erect, slightly recurved, with the second joint

sealed, slightly thickened, but not tufted; the apical

joint slightly scaled, acuminate; yellow, touched with

rosy vermilion towards the apex of each joint. Fore

wings bright yellow, subreticulated with rosy vermilion

streaks and shades, of which the most important are

sprinkled with steel-blue metallic scales; notably a

narrow oblique fascia from beyond the middle of the

270 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

costa to the anal angle, a diverging streak leaving this

fascia below the costa and running to the basal third of

the dorsal margin, two rather triangular costal spots,

the one before, the other beyond, the middle, the

extreme base of the costa, and a streak along the apical

margin; between these markings are some few bright

rosy vermilion shades. Hind wings and cilia brownish

fuscous. Expanse, 14 mm.

One specimen given to me by Mr. Druce from Bedford,

South Africa. It differs from Hypercallia igniferella,

Walk., an Australian species, in its darker hind wings,

and in the convergence of the vermilion streaks in the

direction of the costal, instead of the dorsal, margin.

(KcopHora, Zeller.

(EHeophora ? sabiella.

Psecadia? sabiella, F. & R., Reise d. Nov., pl. exxxix.,

fie. 30.

Notwithstanding the strong superficial resemblance of

this insect to many species of Psecadia, the form of its

palpi at once distinguishes it from that genus. The

ereater length of the proboscis is the only character

about the head which might perhaps be held to distin-

euish it from the genus Gicophora, in which I place it, at

least provisionally. It is very nearly allied to, and

evidently congeneric with, Gcophora picarella, Walk.,

a New Zealand species. The following description is,

perhaps, scarcely necessary, since it is easily to be

recognised by the excellent figure in pl. exxxix. of Felder

and Rogenhofer’s ‘ Reise der Fregatte Novara.’

There are three specimens in Mr. Gooch’s collection,

taken at light at Spring Vale in August. I have also

received it from Mr. Druce, who obtained it from

Bedford, South Africa.

Head white; palpi recurved, overarching the vertex,

white; the second joint with a black ring at the base,

and another at the apex; third joint with a black ring

about the middle, and another at the apex. Antenne

fuscous, with a black spot on the white basal joint.

Tongue very long, scaled at the base. Thorax and fore

wings white; the thorax with four black spots, one in

front, one on the middle, and one on each side; the fore

wings with the extreme edge of the costa black to the

A ll te

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 271

middle, some black irregular patches on the upper half

of the wing ; near the base a black cross with equal arms

on the outer edge of the basal third; a conspicuous black

V-shaped mark, with irregular dentated edges about the

middle, reaching the costa before and beyond the middle,

and the dorsal margin scarcely beyond the middle ; three

black spots on the dorsal margin, one near the base, one

betweeen the cross and the V-shaped mark, and one

near the anal angle; a small black costal spot equi-

distant between the arms of the Y and some small

black marginal spots around the apex and the anal

angle, with an irregular thick black streak extending

inwards from below the apex. Legs white, with several

black annulations. Expanse, 26 mm.

EREtTMocERA, Zeller.

It is remarkable that Mr. Walker, in characterising

the genus Hxodomorpha (Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxix.,

p- 883), should not have been reminded of Professor

Zeller’s genus, Eretmocera (Microp. Caffr. ; Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 98), which was established to

include several allied species occurring in the same

district as those described by Mr. Walker, and in some

cases apparently identical with them. Iam indebted to

Mr. A. G. Butler for having called my attention to the

fact that the genus Staintonia, Staud. (Stet. Ent. Zeit.,

1859, p. 250), is the same as Hxodomorpha, Walk., in

which case it must also yield to the priority of Zeller’s

Eretmocera.

Eretmocera (Gidematopoda) princeps, Zell., Handlingar

Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, pp. 96, 97;

Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxix., p. 707.

Eretmocera fuscipennis, Zell., Handlingar Kong.

Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 98; Walk., Cat.

fhep. Het., B. M., xxix., p. 707.

Var. «.=Hxodomorpha inclusella, Walk., Cat. Lep.

Het., B. M., xxix., p. 834.

Var. 6.=EHxodomorpha derogatella, Walk., Cat. Lep.

Het., B. M., xxix., p. 8384.

Prof. Zeller describes what he regards as two varieties

of this species, and points out the differences between

them, as follows :—

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—paRT Il. (JULY.) 2N

272 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricidae,

“Var. «.—Alis anterioribus brunneis; posterioribus

supra fuscescentibus, subtus puniceis, ciliis circa apicem

fuscis, ceteris puniceis; abdomine coccineo, macula

baseos dorsali segmentoque anali fuscis. Mas et foem.”

‘Var. 6. ut «. sed colore flavissimo pro puniceo

coccineoque, mas.—Ale posteriores anguste lanceolate,

valde acute, dilute brunnex, basim versus dilutiores

ibique squamis pallide puniceis (in var. 8. flavidis)

immixtis, subtus punicee (var. £. flavee) apice ipso

fusco-cilia utriusque pagine in var. «. punicea, in var. P.

flavee, in utraque varietate circa apicem latius fusca.”

Mr. Walker’s two supposed distinct species agree

closely with the above descriptions, and a single speci-

men of var. 8. = EH. derogatella, Walk., is in Mr. Gooch’s

collection.

Eretmocera scatospila.

Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852,

p- 99; Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxix., p. 708.

Eretmocera lunifera. (Pl. XIII, fig. 41).

Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852,

p- 100; Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxix., p. 707.

A single specimen of this beautiful little species occurs

in Mr. Gooch’s collection, without any record of where

or when it was taken.

Eretmocera letissima.

Zell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad.,, 1852,

pp- 100, 101; Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxix., p. 708.

Exodomorpha divisella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

XX1x., pp. 833, 834.

These names are undoubtedly synonyms for one very

distinct and apparently not uncommon species, which,

however, is not represented in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

Akcumia, T'reitschke.

Aichnia bohemani, Gell., Handlingar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 116; Walk., Cat. Lep.

Het., B. M., xxx., p. 842.

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 278

GuyenrptEeRyx, [Tiibner.

Glyphipteryx? dimidiatella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het.,

B. M., xxx. 839.

This insect has not in any degree the appearance of

the genus Glyphipteryx; but as only one wing of the

typical species is in even reasonably fair condition, the

antenne and palpi being altogether absent, I am unable

to determine in what known genus, if any, it could be

more correctly placed. I may add to Walker’s descrip-

tion that beyond the yellow basal half the fore wing is

rather shining purplish.

IDIOGLOSSA, N. g.

Caput superne ac in fronte squamis appressis levi-

gatum. Antenne crassiuscule simplices, articulo basali

non majus incrassato quam alis anticis paulo breviores.

Palpi labiales tenues articulo secundo squamis ap-

pressis vix incrassato, articulo apicali nudo acuminato.

Haustellum supra longe fasciculatum. Ale antice et

postice anguste elongate acuminate, metallice ornate.

Tibiz postice pilose.

Head smooth above and in front. Antenne stout,

simple, with the basal joint not thickened, rather

shorter than the fore wings. ‘Tongue long and thickly

scaled, with a reduplicated tuft of long hair-like scales

depending from its basal half, above.* Fore and hind

wings narrow, elongate, acuminate, and ornamented

with metallic scales. Hind tibie somewhat hairy.

This genus seems to be allied to the genera Stathmo-

poda, Stn., and Cosmopteryx, Hiib., which it much

resembles in the form of the wings and in its general

appearance; but the tufted base of the tongue and

brightly ornamented hind wings at once separate it,

and enable it to be easily recognised.

Idioglossa bigemma, n.s. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 42).

Capite argenteo; palpis argenteis. Antennis argenteis

subflavide obscurius annulatis. Alis anticis ochreis

argenteo-eneo metallice pernitidis; fascia ante apicem

perangusta obliqua, striga ante medium, macula prope

* In the figure this is shown somewhat too much divided ; the

hind wings also are a little too long.

274 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

basi cost, et squamis in terno basali marginis dorsalis

inter cilia projectis cupreo-argenteis. Alis posticis ochreis

plaga basali cum fasciis mediali et subapicali albidis

cupreo-argenteo metallice marginatis.

Head and face shining silvery ; palpi silvery. Antenne

silvery, inconspicuously annulated above with yellowish.

Fore wings ochreous, brightly shining with silvery and

brassy metallic scales; a narrow fasciaform streak

tending obliquely outwards from the apical fourth of the

costa, a shorter oblique streak before the middle, reach-

ing about half across the wing, and a costal spot nearer

to the base, are composed of shining metallic silvery

slightly-raised scales, appearing, under a strong lens,

dull purplish brown, golden yellow, or silvery white as the

light strikes them at different angles. Cilia very long,

dull yellowish white, mixed with ochreous about the

anal angle, and with a few strong purplish brown pro-

jecting scales on the dorsal margin at about one-third

from the base. Hind wings straight, evenly attenuated

towards the apex, ochreous; with a basal patch, a

median, and a subapical fascia, all whitish, conspicuously

margined with silvery iridescent scales, as in the fore

wings. Cilia dull yellowish white, with a slight indica-

tion of a few projecting scales on the abdominal

margin opposite to those on the fore wings. Legs

yellowish, the tibiz pilose, tarsi shining, slightly metallic.

Expanse, 10 mm.

One specimen. ‘Taken at D’Urban, in West Park

thicket, in July.

SETOMORPHA, Zeller.

Setomorpha rutella, Zell., Handlngar Kong. Svensk.

Vetens. Akad., 1852, pp. 94, 95; Walk., Cat. Lep.

Fet., B. M., xxx, p.-T08.

CNEMIDOLOPHUS, 0. g.

Capite hirsutum. Haustellum mediocre squamatum.

Ocelli nulli. Palpi labiales recurvi articulo secundo vix

incrassato tertio tenui, acuto. Antenne simplices,

articulo basali elongato clavato. Ale antice elongate

lanceolate, costa aliquot arcuata apice depresso. Pos-

tice lanceolate, apice attenuato depresso. ‘Tibize antice

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 275

et mediz dense fasciculate, postice pilose calcaribus

imparibus.

Head rough. Tongue of moderate length, thickly

scaled. Ocelli none. Labial palpi recurved, with the

second joint scarcely thickened, the third joint slender

and pointed. Antenne simple, the basal joint elongate-

clavate. Fore wings elongate-lanceolate,'the costa some-

what rounded, the apex depressed. Hind wings lanceo-

late, the apex attenuated and depressed. ‘The first and

second pair of tibiz conspicuously and densely tufted,

the third pair coarsely hairy. The inner spurs much

longer than the outer.

Probably allied to the genus Laverna, Curtis.

Cnenidolophus lavernellus, n.s. (Pl. XIII., fig. 43).

Capite albo, brunneo irrorato. Palpis albis, brunneo

maculatis. Antennis albo et brunneo annulatis. Alis

anticis albis, maculis duabus in basi coste, fascia mediali

latissima irregulari et ltura apicali brunneis, squamis

fusco-purpureis nitentibus admixtis. Posticis dilute

cinereis subnitentibus, tibiis anticis et medis fasciculatis

albis, brunneo bifasciatis ; pedibus albis fusco externe

maculatis. Tibiis posticis hirsutis cum pedibus externe

brunneo submaculatis.

Head white, mottled with brown. Palpi white, with a

pale brownish spot at the apex of the second joint, and

two or three pale brownish marks on the apical joint.

Fore wings white, with two brown costal spots near the

base, the second of which is prolonged by a few brownish

fuscous scales, indicating an obsolete basal patch or

fascia; before the middle commences a very wide

irregular fascia occupying about one-half of the whole

surface of the wing, its inner edge being more clearly

defined than its outer edge, which extends obliquely out-

wards through the cilia at the anal angle. The fascia

has a generally mottled appearance, and is for the most

part brown, upon which are distributed patches of shining

dark purple scales, especially along the inner edge, near

the costa, and on the dorsal half of the wing about the

middle ; it is also occasionally interrupted by more or

less conspicuous spots of the white ground colour, of

which the most clearly defined is a small costal spot

near the commencement of the fascia. There is a brown

276 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

patch at the apex extending through the apical cilia,

and much mottled with shining dark purple scales. The

cilia on the middle of the apical margin are white.

Hind wings pale cinereous, somewhat shining, with

scarcely paler cilia. First and second pairs of tibie

white, with strong thick tufts doubly barred on the

upper side with brown; the feet spotted with fuscous.

Third pair of tibie densely hairy, together with the feet

outwardly spotted with brownish. Expanse, 19 mm.

One specimen in Mr. Gooch’s collection, with no record

of its capture.

LecirHocera, Herrich-Schiffer.

Lecithocera anthologella, Wallgr., Of. Af. Kongl. Vet.

Akad. For. 1875, Arg. 32, p. 129.

Lecithocera maculata, n.s. (Pl. XI., fig. 18).

Capite levi, fusco. Palpis externe fusco suffusis in-

terne albido-ochraceis. Antennis crassiusculis ochreo-

flavidis. Alis anticis fuscis subnitide purpurascentibus

macula discali minore macula in finem cellule majore et

macula subobsoleta costal in terno apicali ochraceis.

Posticis et abdomine fuscis quam anticis paulo diluti-

oribus.

Head smooth, fuscous. Palpi whitish ochreous on

their inner sides, touched with fuscous externally. An-

tenne very thick yellowish ochreous. Fore wings

fuscous, slightly shining, and with a purplish tinge; a

small faint ochreous discal spot on the outer edge of the

basal third ; a larger roundish faint ochreous spot at the

end of the cell, and another less conspicuous spot of the

same colour (sometimes scarcely visible) on the costal

margin above and beyond it, from which an outwardly

angulated line of very famt ochreous scales crosses

the wing to the dorsal margin. The hind wings and

abdomen fuscous, slightly paler than the fore wings.

Expanse, 13 mm.

Two specimens taken at Spring Vale, ‘in bush and at

light, December and March.

This differs from other species of the genus with which

I am acquainted in the presence of pale ochreous spots

on the fore wings.

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 277

LitHocouuetis, Zeller.

Tithocolletis zulella, n.s. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 44).

Capite palpis et antennis albis. Alis anticis cervinis

puncto apicali nigro. Strigis dorsalibus duabus albis

prima a basi secunda a medio, strigulis costalibus

brevioribus albis ultra medium concurrentibus. Posticis

cinereis.

Head, antenne, and palpi white; thorax white, with

a fawn-brown streak down the middle. Fore wings

fawn-brown, with two dorsal and two smaller costal

streaks ; the first dorsal streak, starting from the base,

joins the first costal streak, starting beyond the middle,

at an acute angle on the costal half of the wing; the

second dorsal streak, starting from the middle of the

dorsal margin, joins the second costal streak, starting on

the apical fourth of the wing (also at an acute angle)

immediately before the apex, on which is a black spot ;

a few blackish scales are to be found between the costal

streaks, also on the outer edge of the first and inner edge

of the second dorsal streaks. Hind wings and cilia

cinereous. Hixpanse, 11 mm.

One in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

PTEROPHORIDA.

AapistEs, Hiibner.

Agdistes pustulalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxx.,

pp. 927, 928.

This species is represented in the Gooch collection by

a single specimen.

It is probably very nearly allied to Agdistes heydenit,

Zeller, having an indication of the fuscous dots and

cuneiform shade which distinguish that species. I

have seen no specimens in a condition which would

warrant a re-description.

AmpBuypTiuus, Hiibner.

Amblyptilus cosmodactylus, Hiib., Wocke Cat., No. 8181.

? Pterophorus acanthodactylus, Zell., Handlingar Kong.

Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 117.

Oxyptilus direptalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxx.,

p- 934.

This is most probably the species recorded by Professor

Zeller from South Africa as Amblyptilus acanthodactylus.

all

278 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

I find three specimens in Mr. Gooch’s collection labelled

as occurring at D’Urban (West Park), and Spring Vale,

in bush in the afternoon, and at light in the evening in

July, August, and November. ‘These agree with the

almost cosmopolitan cosmodactylus, but not with the true

acanthodactylus.

There is also one South African specimen in the

British Museum, placed with others under the name

Oxyptilus direptalis, Walk. On comparing Mr. Walker’s

description with the three distinct species in this series,

I find that it agrees only with the first specimen, which

is undoubtedly Amblyptilus cosmodactylus, which must,

therefore, be considered the type of his O. direptalis.

Amblyptilus africe, n.s. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 45).

Capite et alis anticis sordide brunneo-ochraceis ; alis

anticis minus quam ad medium fissis costa supra basim

fissure et puncto interjacente fuscis. Lacinia anteriore

interne fusco adumbrata, apice producto subfalcato ;

lacinia posteriore interne fusco adumbrata, ciliis brunneo-

fuscis; margine dorsali squamis obscure fuscis denticu-

lato. Alis posticis brunneo-fuscis, digito secundo sub-

faleato, digito tertio postice bidenticulato. Tibiis posticis

dilute brunneo-ochraceis, calcaribus fusco acuminatis.

Head and fore wings dingy brownish ochreous, the

fore wings cleft to one-third of their length, having a

dark fuscous spot above the base of the fissure about

half-way between this and the costa ; the costa above the

base of the fissure shaded with fuscous. Anterior lobe

with the apex produced, subfalecate, having a narrow

subfaleate shade along its middle, margined at its outer

end by a slender pale line; a fuscous shade on the costa

above the apex. Second lobe with a fuscous shade along

its middle; the anal angle not well defined. Cilia

brownish fuscous, with a projecting tooth of dark

fuscous scales slightly beyond the middle of the dorsal

margin. Hind wings brownish fuscous, the first cleft

reaching scarcely beyond the middle; the apex of the

second lobe slightly falcate, the third lobe with two teeth

of dark fuscous scales in the fringe, one small near the

base, one widely triangular about the middle. Anterior

tibie darkly tufted ; hind tibie pale brownish ochreous,

with very long spurs, not tufted, each spur tipped with

fuscous, the inner one much longer than the outer.

—

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 279

Abdomen brownish fuscous at the sides, with a pale

dingy ochreous longitudinal streak above, along the

centre of which runs a slender brownish fuscous line.

Expanse, 27 mm.

Two specimens taken at Spring Vale at light in May.

I have also received this species from Zululand through

the late Colonel Harvey Tower.

Oxypriuus, Zeller.

Oxyptilus caffer, Zell., Lin. Ent. vi., p. 348; Hand-

lingar Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 118;

Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxx., p. 934.

Oxyptilus walkeri, n.s.

Capite et thorace cervinis, palpis tenuibus porrectis.

Alis anticis vix ad medium fissis cervinis, lacinia pos-

teriore subfalcata, macula ante medium fusca squamis

subalbidis secuta, macula fuscescenti ad basim fissure,

maculis tribus costalibus una apicali subconspicuis,

fasciis duabus dilutis subobsoletis transversis, ciliis intra

fissuram et in margine dorsali squamis singulis fusce-

scentibus dentatis. Alis posticis quam anticis aliquot

obscurioribus, digito tertio squamis fusco-brunneis paulo

ante apicem denticulato, tibus brunneo et albido alter-

nantibus.

Head and thorax fawn-brown, the latter posteriorly

paler. Antenne greyish brown ; palpi slender, porrected,

not tufted. Fore wings cleft nearly to the middle, fawn-

brown ; a fuscous spot before the middle is followed by

some whitish scales; there is a fuscous spot at the base

of the fissure, above and beyond it three costal and one

apical spot, blackish ; the second costal spot is preceded

and the third costal spot is followed each by a band of

paler whitish scales, which bands are continued across

both lobes, but not conspicuously ; between these paler

bands the cilia within the fissure are studded with

fusecous scales, as also on the dorsal margin of the

second lobe, the apex of which is elongated and sub-

faleate, with a defined anal angle. The hind wings

are somewhat darker than the fore wings, the posterior

cleft extending very nearly to the base; the third lobe

ornamented on its hinder margin with alternate whitish

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—paRv II. (JULY.) 20

280 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

and fuscous scales at the base of the fringes, and with a

conspicuous tooth of dark brownish fuscous scales near

the apex, above which the fringes on the anterior edge

of the lobe are also thickened with dark scales up to

the apex. The abdomen is missing in all Mr. Gooch’s

specimens ; the legs are whitish ochreous, banded with

dark brown above each joint ; the spurs whitish ochreous,

the first pair longer than the second; above each pair is

a conspicuous fringe of raised dark brown scales. Ex-

panse, 16 mm.

This species stands second in the British Museum

series of Oxyptilus direptalis, Walk. ; but an examination

of the deseription shows (as stated above) that it applies

with more correctness to the example of Amblyptilus

cosmodactylus, which stands first in the same series,

and which is evidently the type; the name O. direptalis,

Walk., must, therefore, be abandoned, inasmuch as it

could not have been intended to apply to the species

now under description. It would have been difficult to

render this species recognisable by means of a figure ; it

is nearly allied to O. piloselle, Zell., the tooth of scales

on the third lobe of the hind wings being somewhat

nearer to the apex than in O. letus and O. distans, which

species it more closely resembles in appearance.

Three specimens in Mr. Gooch’s collection taken at

Spring Vale and D’Urban among grass in the afternoon,

and at ight in the evening in November and December.

Oxyptilus wahlbergi, Zell., Lin. Ent. vi., p. 846; Hand-

lingar Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852, p. 117.

O. wahlbergi, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxx.,

p- 934.

Pterophorus rutilalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxx.,

p. 948.

Three specimens of this species are in Mr. Gooch’s

collection without any record of the time or place of

capture.

Of the palpi Zeller writes :—‘‘ Taster von doppelter

Kopflange, weisslich. Endglied ther den _ spitzen

Haarbusch des zweiten Gliedes hinausreichend, weiss,

auf der Unterseite schwarz.”

The palpi are very peculiar; there is a small pointed

tuft of hair on the first as well as on the second joint,

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 281

which makes them appear to consist of three spines of

gradually increasing length and divergence.

This species can scarcely be considered a true

Oxyptilus. The peculiarity of the palpi alone separates

it from that section of the genus Aciptilus, which has

been held to include A. paludum, Zell., and A. siceliota,

Zell., to which it appears to be allied.

CiprmatorHorus, Wallengren.

Gidematophorus longalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

p. 948.

The typical specimen is in bad condition, but seems

to belong to the genus (idematophorus by reason of its

structure.

Mimmsroptinus, Wallengren.

Mimeseoptilus sabius, F. & R., Reise d. Nov., pl. exl.,

fig. 60.

Caffraria.

There is a single specimen in bad condition of another

species of Mimeseoptilus in Mr. Gooch’s collection, taken

among grass in the market square at D’Urban in July.

The wings appear to be almost unicolorous pale greyish

brown ; the head, thorax, antenne, and the tufts of the

palpi more decidedly grey. There is a fuscous discal

spot before the middle, and a faint anti-fissural dot of

the same colour. It is a much smaller species than

Mimeseoptilus sabius, F. & R. Expanse, 18 mm.

Lioptinus, Wallengren.

Taoptilus bonespei, n.s. (Pl. XIII., fig. 46).

Alis anticis dilute stramineis, cervino precipue ultra

medium adumbratis, dimidio costali lacinie posterioris

dilute stramineo. Ciliis omnibus cervinis. Posticis

nitide cervinis, ciliis ante medium digiti posterioris

fumido substriatis.

Palpi slender, projecting nearly the length of the head

beyond it. Antenne tinged with fawn-colour. Fore

wings cleft to one-third of their length, straw-coloured,

shaded with fawn-brown over more than the costal half

of the wing, except towards the base, where only the

costa is shaded. ‘The pale straw-colour extends from the

all

282 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricidae,

basal portion of the wing in a narrow streak along the

upper edge of the second lobe, leaving the cilia along

the margin of the cleft, as well as the dorsal half of the

lobe and the cilia upon it, fawn-brown. Hind wings

shining fawn-colour, with no projecting scales, but

apparently a slightly darker streak in the cilia of the third

lobe just before the middle. Legs pale stramineous,

with a dark slender line along their upper sides and on

the pale spurs, which are almost equal in length. Ex-

panse, 19—20 mm.

One in Mr. Gooch’s collection.

Actprinus, Hiibner.

Aciptilus albidus.

Pterophorus albidus, Gell., Lin. Ent. vi., p. 397 ; Hand-

lingar Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Akad., 1852,

pis:

Aciptilus albidus, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., xxx.,

p. 948. x

A. albida, Wallgr., Of. Af. Kongl. Vet. Akad. For.,

1875, Arg. 82, p. 130.

Three specimens of this species taken by Mr. Gooch

at D’Urban among rushes in the evening in July.

Aciptilus candidalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.,

EXKs, Diadaa:

The type of this species is stated by Mr. Walker

to have been received from Sierra Leone. I find

one specimen in Mr. Gooch’s collection which seems

to agree with it in all particulars. It was taken at

Spring Vale in March.

Aciptilus adumbratus, n.s. (Pl. XIII, fig. 47).

Capite dilutissime brunneo macula parva brunnea

inter antennas subflavescente albidas. Alis anticis flave-

scente albidis, macula parva ante medium macula in basi

fissure squamis concoloribus anguste connexis brunneis.

Costa (preecipue in lacinia prima ante apicem) brunneo

adumbrata. Ciliis intra fissuram et sub lacinia pos-

teriore precipue versus apicem brunneis, basibus

obscurioribus. Posticis brunneis,

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 288

Head very pale brownish, with a small brown spot

between the antenne, which are yellowish white. Fore

wings yellowish white, cleft to one-third of their length,

the costa shaded with brown nearly to the apex, two-

thirds of the apical lobe being suffused with brown

scales ; a small darker brown costal spot slightly beyond

the base of the cleft, a conspicuous brown spot at the

base of the cleft connected by a line of brown scales,

with a rather narrower spot of the same colour before

the middle of the wing; the cilia within the cleft and

below the second lobe deeply shaded with brown, which

is darkest at their base towards the apex ; a few brownish

scales also along the basal third of the dorsal margin.

Hind wings and cilia brown. Abdomen missing. Legs

yellowish white, the posterior tibiz with slender brown

lines along their outer and upper sides, as well as on the

spurs. Expanse, 16 mm.

One specimen taken at Pinetown at light in April.

Aciptilus tripunctatus, n.s. (Pl. XIII, fig. 48).

Capite et antennis cinereis, fronte albido. Alis anticis

albis; striga in basi marginis dorsalis brunnea, macula

costali supra basim fissure brunnea squamis dilutioribus

diffusis ad marginem dorsalem ante medium oblique pro-

ducta; punctis in margine lacinie anterioris duobus

costalibus uno dorsali, strigula in margine anteriore, et

puncto in margine dorsali lacinie posterioris, brunneis.

Ciliis dilute brunneis albo interruptis. Posticis cum

ciliis nitentibus dilute cinereis, punctulo subobsoleto in

apice extremo utriusque digiti.

Head and antenne cinereous, the front whitish ; palpi

cinereous. Fore wings cleft to fully one-third of their

length, white, with a brown streak along the dorsal

margin near the base, followed by an indistinct spot of

the same colour before the middle, connected obliquely

by a line of paler brownish scales, with a conspicuous

brown costal spot above the base of the fissure. There

are three dark brown spots on the margins of the anterior

lobe, the first surrounded by a paler brownish costal

shade, the second also on the costa near the apex, the

third on the posterior margin, rather nearer to the apex

than the first. Along the middle of the anterior margin

of the second lobe is a brown streak, an inconspicuous

—_

284 Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

small spot of. the same colour lying immediately below

it on the opposite margin of the lobe. The costal cilia

are white, but those within the fissure and beneath the

second lobe are brown, interrupted in the middle of each

lobe by a white band. Hind wings and cilia pale

cinereous, having a very small almost obsolete darker spot

at the extreme apex of each lobe ; first and second pairs of

legs white, streaked with brown, the third pair white, with

a& conspicuous brown spot above at the first pair of

spurs. The tarsi slightly shaded with cinereous. Ex-

panse, 18 mm.

Two specimens from Spring Vale taken at light in

November.

ALUCITIDA.

Auvcita, Zeller.

Alucita butleri, Wallgr., Of. Af. Kongl. Vet. Akad.

For., 1875, Arg. 32, p. 180.

Transvaal.

Alucita fortis, n.s. (Pl. XIII, fig. 49).

Capite, thorace, et antennis dilute griseo-fuscis ; palpis

eriseo-fuscis, plene vestitis, quam capite et thorace

longioribus porrectis. Alis anticis subalbidis, costa

albido et griseo-fusco maculata, plaga basali oblique

marginata in costa latiore griseo-fusca, fascia mediali

anguste et margine apicali late griseo-fuscis ; posticis

subalbidis ultra medium dilute griseo-fusco latius adum-

bratis, linea submarginali anguste interne reduplicata

griseo-fusca.

Antenne, head, and thorax pale greyish fuscous;

palpi greyish fuscous, densely clothed, projecting more

than the length of the head and thorax beyond the front.

Fore wings dingy whitish, the costal lobe mottled with

ereyish fuscous; a basal patch covering about one-

fourth of the wing, its outer margin oblique, widest

on the costa, greyish fuscous ; a greyish fuscous narrow

inwardly oblique central fascia, well defined on its inner,

eradually shaded off on its outer, edge. The apical

margin is rather widely greyish fuscous, a slender whitish

line crossing the lobes before the extreme margin ; a pale

ereyish fuscous shade lies half-way between the central

fascia and the marginal shade. Hind wings of the

same dingy whitish colour as the fore wings, with a

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa. 285

rather wide pale greyish fuscous shade beyond the

middle, a slender line of the same colour beyond it,

followed by a wider one near the margin just before the

points of the lobes, each of which bears a small pale

ereyish fuscous dot. Expanse, 23 mm.

One specimen received from the late Colonel Harvey

Tower from South Africa, probably Zululand. A large

and conspicuous species, having the wings less deeply

cleft than in the European forms of this group; the

palpi are also very conspicuously longer and more thickly

clothed. This species should probably be made the type

of a new genus.

The discovery of allied or intermediate forms may at

some future time render it necessary to distinguish them

from the original genus Alucita.

Alucita ferrugineda, 0. 8.

Two specimens of a new species of Alucita in Mr.

Gooch’s collection are not in sufficiently good condition

to be minutely described, but their colour is very

different from that of any known species with which

Iam acquainted. The ground colour of all the wings

appears to be yellowish white, and the markings, which

are distributed transversely across the wings, as is usual

in this genus, are shining pale yellowish ferruginous.

Expanse, 14 mm.

Alucita capensis ? F. & R., Reise d. Noy., pl. exl., fig. 63.

Mr. Gooch’s collection contains two specimens, pro-

bably referable to this species, but the scarcely satis-

factory figure given by Felder and Rogenhofer is accom-

panied by no description, and by no further assistance to ~

its future recognition than the one remark, ‘‘ Accedens ad

cymatodactylum ?”’

They appear to be allied to Alucita grammodactyla,

Zell., but, like most of the Pterophoride in this collection,

they are in very imperfect condition.

286

all

Lord Walsingham on the Tortricide,

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

TORTRICIDA.

Caceecia, Hiib.

reciprocana, Walk,

capitana, F. & R.

adustana, Wlsm.

(BEEN digas)

Lozotenia, Her.-Sch.

capensana, Walk.

dorsiplagana, Wlsm.

(Pl. X., fig. 2.)

diluticiliana, Wlsm.

(Pl. X., fig. 3.)

elegans, Wlsm.

(Plex ue. 4)

Syndemis, Hib.

saburrana, Zell. .

Compsoctena, Zell.

primella, Zell.

(Ply Xj tig.0:)

connexalis, Walk.

Conchylis, Tr.

trimeni, F.& R. .

africana, Wlsm. .

(Pl. X., fig. 6.)

Sericoris, Tr.

scabellana, Zell. .

Eccopsis, Zell.

wahlbergiana, Zell.

fluectuatana, Wlsm.

(BRISK. fig. 7.)

Aphelia, Steph.

lanceolana, Hiib.

Grapholitha, Tr.

spissana, Zell.

Carpocapsa, Tr.

diremptana, Walk.

Steganoptycha, Steph.

infausta, Wlsm. .

(Pl. X., fig. 8.)

Phoxopteris, Tr.

natalana, Wlsm.

(PIX, tie. 2:)

TINEIDA.

Choreutis, Hiib.

australis, Zell.

Atychia, Ochsm.

quiris, F. & R.

Penestoglossa, Rognfr.

capensis, I’. & R.

Semioscopis, Hiib.

trigonella, F. & R.

PAGE

Tiquadra, Walk.

goochii, Wlsm.

(PI. X., fig. 10.)

Ischnopsis, Wlsm.

angustella, Wlsm.

(Pl. X., fig: 11°)

Kuplocamus, Latr.

stupens, Wallgn.

horridellus, Walk.

Tinea, Zell,

vastella, Zell.

abactella, Walk. .

incultella, Walk.

purpurea, Stn.

fuscipunctella, Haw.

farraginella, Zell.

damnificella, Zell.

erinacea, Walk. .

(Pl. XI., fig, 12.)

Blabophanes

longella, Walk.

speculella, Zell. .

rejectella, Walk. .

rutilicostella, Stn.

Nemophora, Hiib.

crinigerella, Zell.

elongatella, Wlsm.

(Pepe 13.)

turpisella, Walk. .

alternipunctella, Wlsm.

(Pl. XL, fig. 14.)

trigoniferella, Wlsm.

(Pl. XI., fig. 15.)

Ceromitia, Zell.

wablbergi, Zell. .

Adela, Latr.

natalensis, Stn.

electella, Walk.

Hyponomeuta, Zell.

africanus, Stn.

subplumbellus, Wlsm.

(PI. X1., fig. 16.)

fumigatus, Zell. .

strigillatus, Zell.

perficitellus, Walk.

(CRE ae si)

Psecadia, Zell.

circumdatella, Walk.

livida, Zell.

(Coptoproctis).

languida, Zell.’

(Gymnogramma).

rufiventris, Zell.

PAGE

. 234

Tineide, and Pterophoride of South Africa.

Eustixis, Hib.

flavivitella, Wlsm.

Depressaria, Haw.

trimenella, Wlsm.

(PI. XI, fig. 19.)

acerbella, Walk. .

Enicostoma, Steph.

coartata, Wlsm.

(Pl. XI., fig. 20.)

Cryptolechia, Zell.

stramineella, Zell.

(Pl. XI., fig. 21.)

obliquella, Wlsm.

(Pl. XI., fig. 22.)

castella, Zell. is

earlasella, Walk. .

heresiella, Wallgn.

dilutella, Wlsm. .

(Pl. XI., fig. 23.)

atropunctella, Wlsm.

(Pl. XI., fig. 24.)

roseoflavida, Wlsm.

(Pl. XIL., fig. 25.)

roseocostella, Wism.

(Pl. XII., fig. 26.)

Anteotricha, “Zell.

ovata, Wlsm. 4

Teratopsis, Wlsm.

tunicella, Wlsm.

(Pl. XII., fig. 28.)

Psoricoptera, Stn.

hirsutella, Wlsm.

(Pl. XII., fig. 29.)

Gelechia, Zell.

rescissella, Zell.

zetterstedtiella, Zell. :

zulu, Wlsm.

(Pl. XIL., fig. 30.)

flavipalpella, Wilsm.

(Pla; fig.)

abjunctella, Walk.

Brachmia, Hein.

trigella, Zell. .

subsecivella, Zell.

Drosica, Walk.

abjectella, Walk. .

(Pl. XIL., fig. 32.)

Eucleodora, Wlsm.

chalybeella, Wlsm.

(Pl. XII., fig. 33.)

Chelaria, Haw.

albogrisea, Wlsm.

(Pl. XIL., fig. 34.)

Ypsolophus, Fabr.

furvellus, Zell. .

latipalpis, Wlsm.

(Pl. XII., fig. 35.)

straminis, Wlsm.

(Pl. XIT., fig. 36.)

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT II.

250

. 251

252

- 262

264

. 264

- 265

265

. 266

Ypsolophus siccifolii, Wlsm.

(Pl. XIII, fig. 37.)

Nothris, Hub..

externella, Zell. .

septella, Zell.

meridionella, Wlsm.

(Pl. XIIL., fig. 38.)

Topeutis, Hub.

drucella, Wlsm. .

(Pl. XIEL., fig. 39.)

Hypercallia, Steph.

subreticulata, Wlsm.

(Pl. XIII., fig. £0.)

(Ecophora, Zell.

sabiella, F. & R..

obliquestrigella, Wlsm.

(Pl. XII., fig. 27.)

Eretmocera, Zell.

(Gidematopoda)

princeps, Zell.

(Eretmocera)

fuscipennis, Zell.

seatospila, Zell.

lunifera, Zell. .

(Pl. XIIL., fig. 41.)

letissima, Zell, ;

Aichmia, Tr.

bohemani, Zell.

Glyphipteryx, Hiib.

dimidiatella, Walk.

Idioglossa, Wlsm.

bigemma, Wlsm.

(Pl. XIII, fig. 42.)

Setomorpha, Zell.

rutella, Zell.

Cnemidolophus, Wlsm.

lavernellus, Wlsm.

(Pl. XIIL., fig. 43.)

Lecithocera, Her.-Sch.

anthologella, Wallgn.

maculata, Wlsm.

(Pl Gk, fies ae)

Lithocolletis, Zell.

zulella, . ‘Wism. ‘

(Pl. XE ie 44.)

PTEROPHORIDA.

Agdistes, Hiib.

pustulalis, Walk.

Amblyptilus, Hib.

cosmodactylus, Hub.

africe, Wlsm. .

(Pl. XIII., fig. 45.)

Oxyptilus, Zell.

caffer, Zell. . °

walkeri, Wlsm. .

wahlbergi, Zell. .

Gidematophorus, Wallgn.

longalis, Walk. .

(JULY.)

287

267

- 267

. 267

. 268

268

. 269

. 270

. 258

all

288 Lord Walsingham on Tortricide, Tineide, &e.

Mimeseoptilus, Wallgn.

sabius, F. & R. 281

Lioptilus, Wallgn.

bonsespei, Wism. 281

(Pl. XIIT., fig. 46.)

Aciptilus, Hiib.

albidus, Zell. 282

candidalis, Walk. 282

adumbratus, Wlsm. 282

(Pl. XIIL., fig. 47.)

Aciptilus tripunctatus, Wlsm. 283

(Pl. XIII, fig. £8.)

ALUCITID&.

Alucita, Zell.

butleri, Wallgn. . 284

fortis, Wlsm. : . 284

(Pl. XIIL., fig. 49.)

ferruginea, Wlsm. . 285

capensis, FE. & R. . 285

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE X.

FIG. FIG.

1. Cacecia adustana, Wism. 7. Eccopsis fluctuatana, Wlsm.

2. Lozotenia dorsiplaqana, Wlsm. 8. Steganoptycha infausta, Wism.

3. x3 diluticiliana, Wlsm. 9. Phoxopteris natalana, W\1sm.

4, - elegans, Wlsm. 10, 10a, 10b. Tiquadra goochii, Wlsm.

5, 5a, 5b. Compsoctena primella, Zell. | 11, lla, 11b. Ischnopsis angustella,

6. Conchylis africana, Wlsm. Wism.

PaTpAC Tr = excl.

. Tinea? erinacea, Walk.

. Nemophora elongatella, W1sm.

14. An alternipunctella,W1sm.

15. 3 trigoniferella, Wism.

16. Hyponomeuta subplumbellus,W1sm.

ie perjicitellus, Walk.

18. Lecithocera maculata, Wlsm.

PLATE

25. Cryptolechia roseoflavida, W1sm.

26. roseocostella, Wism.

27. Ccophora! ? obliquestrigella, Wilsm.

. Teratopsis tunicella, Wism.

. Psoricoptera hirsutella, Wism.

. Gelechia zulu, W1sm.

PLATE

“psolophus siccifolii, W1sm.

. Nothris meridionella, Wlsm.

. Topeutis drucella, W1sm.

. Hypercallia subreticulata, W1sm.

41, 4la. Hretmocera lunifera, Zell.

42, 42a. Idioglossa bigemma, Wlsm.

453, 48a, 43b. Cnemidolophus laver-

nellus, Wlsm.

19. Depressaria trimenella, Wi1sm.

20. Enicostoma coarctata, Wlsm.

21. Cryptolechia stramineella, Zell,

22. > obliquella, Wlsm.

23. + dilutella, Wlsm.

24, 5 atropunctella, Wism.

XLT,

31. Gelechia flavipalpella, Wism.

32, 32a. Drosica abjectella, Walk.

33, 33a. Lucleodorachalybeella, W1sm.

34. Chelaria albogrisea, Wlsm.

35. Ypsolophus latipalpis, Wlsm.

36. A straminis, Wlsm.

XIII.

44, Lithocolletis zulella, Wism.

45. Amblyptilus africe, Wism.

46. Lioptilus bonespei, Wlsm.

47. Aciptilus adumbratus, Wlsm.

48. i tripunctatus, Wlsm.

49. Alucita ? fortis, Wlsm.

XVI. On the species of the genus Kuchroma.

By D. Suarpe.

|Read July 6th, 1881. |

Tue Buprestide, known to entomologists under the

generic name of Huchroma, are amongst the largest and

most abundant in collections of exotic Coleoptera; but

it is unfortunately only too true that very little trust-

worthy information is recorded about them. In the

Munich Catalogue two species are recognised; and I

have received at various times from my friend, the Rev.

W. Harper, of Demerara, specimens of what have

appeared to myself and other entomologists a third

distinct species; this I intended to make known under

the name of Buprestis Harperi, but as 1 had noticed

that the two recognised species were very variable, or

else that there were more than two species, I took the

opportunity of procuring from my entomological friends

all the specimens they could send me for examination.

The result of this has been to convince me that at

present there exist only two species in our collections,

and that, though both are variable and in some of their

varieties greatly resemble one another, yet they are, so

far as is yet known, perfectly distinct. I have thought

it would be acceptable if I epitomised the results of my

observations in the form of short diagnoses of the two

species and remarked on the variations they exhibit, and

alluded to some other points on which there exists at

present but scanty or erroneous information. ‘The two

species are the Buprestis gigantea of tn ana the 3B.

goliath of Laporte. There can be no doubt, I think,

that the species to which I have assigned the former

name was the one intended by Linneus, and it appears

in fact to have been the only one known to the older

entomological describers. The Buprestis goliath was

described by Mannerheim under the name of Huchroma

columbica very shortly after Laporte and Gory’s descrip-

tion had appeared.

The external characters distinctive of the two sexes

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PaRT UI. (SEPT) 2Q

290 Mr. D. Sharp on the species

are conspicuous, and the following are common to the

two species :—The males have the middle tibie dilated,

or slightly knobbed, inwardly at the apex; the pro-

sternum is furnished along the middle with erect dense

fine pale pubescence (which is frequently more or less

rubbed off in worn specimens), and this is continued

along the middle of the metasternum, where it diverges

into two patches, which are continued along the inner

margins of the hind coxe; also the lower (or hind)

margins of the femora, as well as the trochanters, are

more or less densely pubescent. The fifth ventral segment

is longer than the preceding one, but not twice as

long, and its hind margin is truncate, and furnished in

the middle with a shallow broad angular emargination

of somewhat variable shape and size; while in the

female this plate is elongate, more than twice as long as

the preceding one, and narrowed towards the extremity,

where the raised margin is slightly interrupted in the

middle by a minute notch, which in some individuals,

and more especially in B. goliath, extends a good deal

forwards. In the male the sides of the eighth dorsal

segment are abruptly bent downwards, and thus a small

arched notch is formed at the extremity of the segment ;

in the female the edges of this plate are not depressed,

so that it is flat transversely, and does not exhibit any

distinct notch (there may be a very slight emargination)

at the extremity. In the male there is a large sixth

ventral plate concealed within the preceding segment ;

the hind margin of this plate is cut away in a peculiar

asymmetrical manner, the emargination being much

larger and deeper on the left side than it is on the right ;

the seventh ventral plate is, in the male sex, very visible ;

it is punctate where exposed, and metallic in colour, and

deeply impressed on each side of the middle; the dorsal

plate attached to this terminal ventral plate consists

apparently of two plates united together by a strongly

angulate transverse suture; the basal of these two is

smooth, polished, and shining, while the terminal one is

densely punctate and finely pubescent, and is triangular

in form, the apex of the triangle being exposed, though

it is quite retractile. The cedeagus is a very simple

sublinear body, acuminate at the apex, and consisting of

a large dorsal plate, and a small and short ventral plate ;

this ventral plate is received in the larger dorsal plate, so

as to be much concealed, and is membranous at its base,

of the genus Euchroma. 291

and at its attachments to the dorsal plate, so that it

is capable of elevation and depression at its free ex-

tremity. The cedeagus is received in a large corneous

sheath, the apical half of which is divided into two

elongate separated lobes.

In the female the sixth ventral plate is very large,

though it is concealed within the preceding segment ; it

is densely punctate, and similar in form to the last

external (that is the fifth) ventral plate, and, lke it,

is more or less minutely notched at the extremity. There

is no seventh ventral plate in the female. The form of

the eighth dorsal plate in the female has been described

above; there is a smaller ninth dorsal plate usually

completely concealed under this eighth plate, but which

can be exserted, and is sometimes visible in dried speci-

mens. The ovipositor is not very large, and, to judge

from a cursory examination of its structure, may prove

homologous with the cedeagus and its sheath in com-

bination.

Buprestis gigantea, L.

Colore varibilis, semper metallescente; coleopteris

fortiter rugulosis, lateribus versus apicem integris, dente

subsuturali parum prominulo. Long. 50—70; lat.

£9——29 mm.

g. Abdomine segmento dorsali octavo lateribus de-

flexis, apice minute arcuato, arcus basi in medio triangu-

lariter prominulo; cedeagi theca utrinque ad apicem

setarum penicilla instructa; cedeago subtus usque ad

apicem plus minusve distincte sulcato, vel canaliculato.

?. Abdomine segmento 5° ventrali, apice in medio

minute, plus minusve profunde emarginato, emargi-

natione longitudine quam latitudine breviore.

Buprestis goliath, Cast. et Gory.

Colore variabilis, semper metallescente ; coleopteris

fortius rugulosis, lateribus versus apicem serratis, dente

subsuturali elongato. Long. 50—60; lat. 20—25 mm.

3g. Abdomine segmento 8° dorsali lateribus deflexis,

apice minute simpliciter arcuato; cedeagi theca absque

setis ; cedeago subtus versus apicem nullo modo suleato.

@. Abdomine segmento 5° ventrali, apice medio pro-

funde ovaliter emarginato, emarginatione longitudine

quam latitudine longiore.

292 Mr. D. Sharp on the species

The individuals of both of these species are frequently

densely covered with an exudation which has much the

appearance of pollen. According to Rojas (Ann. Soe.

Ent. Fr. 1857, p. 333) this is, however, a natural

secretion, and can be renewed by the insect during its

lifetime, especially under the influence of heat.

As regards the distribution of the species: B. gigantea

occurs in Kastern South America, from Rio de Janeiro to

British Guiana; while B. goliath is found in Central

America and North-Western South America, from Hon-

duras to Bogota. Ihave not seen any specimens from

Venezuela, but according to Rojas (loc. sup. cit.) it is

the B. goliath (Euchroma columbica, Mann.) that is found

there. H. Deyrolle has sent me word that he possesses

a B. gigantea from Bogota, but I think this is probably

an error, the evidence at present available, with this

exception, showing that each of the two species has its

own area of distribution, and that they are not found in

the same district. ach species varies a good deal, and

the variations seem to be to a considerable extent

geographical, and it is worthy of remark that that form

of B. gigantea, which is most different from B. goliath,

comes from British Guiana, the district which is nearest,

geographically, to the area of distribution of B. goliath.

The variations are of considerable importance, and, so

far as they are known to me at present, may be briefly

summarised as follows :—

1. Buprestis gigantea.—This species is more variable

than the other ; the form first known to the older authors

comes from Cayenne, and may be considered as the

typical condition of the species, and is the commonest in

collections. ‘The elytra are of a brilliant copper-colour,

with the outer margin green, and the sutural region

usually more or less green, but this latter point is very

variable. The margins of the pronotum are broadly

greenish, and but little shining, and along the middle

there extends a band of the same colour, so that there is

thus left a large patch on each side of darker colour—

black or copper-black—and more shining surface ; the

green portions are densely punctate, the punctuation

being of a double character, viz., an extremely fine dense

punctuation, and a more sparing and coarser, but still

fine, punctuation, and these parts of the thorax bear a

fine whitish depressed pubescence, while the discoidal

patches are bare and polished, and their punctuation

of the genus Huchroma. 293

less dense; the female has, at the apex of the fifth

ventral segment, a very slight emargination, a mere

interruption of the outline. As the coppery colour

of the wing-cases fades away, the form becomes of darker

and more obscure colour, and it is, I believe, such dark

specimens that are usually found at Rio de Janeiro, and

in the females of these dark coloured specimens the

minute notch of the fifth ventral segment becomes rather

deeper and more definite.

The second form of B. gigantea differs from the

preceding one in that the discoidal patches of the thorax

are very conspicuous, but less shining than in the pre-

ceding one, and are surrounded by avery distinct coppery

rim, inside the greener margins, and the punctuation

of the thorax is a little less fine; the copper colour of

the upper surface is very predominant, the general form

is a little shorter and broader, and in the female, the

notch on the fifth ventral segment is comparatively deep

and conspicuous. I have a pair of this form from Para

on the Amazons, and a specimen sent me by H. Deyrolle

with the locality Bogota (which is, however, I believe,

incorrect). M. Deyrolle informed me that he had four

other perfectly similar individuals of this form, and

suggested that they were hybrids between B. gigantea

and B. goliath. Although this form is that which in

appearance and sculpture most resembles B. goliath, I

see no reason at all to suppose the slight approximation

to be the result of hybridisation, for in the more im-

portant characters there is no approach made to B.

goliath.

The third form is remarkable by its colour, and by the

very indefinite, almost entirely absent, discoidal patches

of the prothorax ; the colour is dark, but changes a good

deal, according to the direction in which the specimen

is viewed, from a dark purplish copper to a dark green.

The upper surface of the prothorax is very polished and

shining, and the punctuation is very much reduced, and

there is little or no pubescence; on careful examination,

however, the marginal punctuation is clearly seen to be

present. The notch at the apex of the fifth ventral

segment in the female is broad and shallow. This is the

form that is most dissimilar from B. goliath, and it has

been sent in numbers from Georgetown, Demerara, by

the Rev. W. Harper. It is not, however, the only variety

found in Demerara. The native Indians of that part of

294 Mr. D. Sharp on the species

America use the wing-cases of this large beetle for

ornament, piercing them with a hole at the humeral

angle, and threading them so as to form anklets and

armlets; on examining elytra taken from such an

anklet, sent by Mr. Harper to the Museum at Thornhill,

I find that the wing-cases have apparently been taken

from the typical form of the species such as is found at

Cayenne. Although, on account of its polished thorax

and dark colour, this form appears very distinct at first

sight, yet it varies somewhat towards the dark varieties

of the typical form, and I have no doubt specimens may

be found completely connecting the two. It is worthy of

remark that in this form, owing perhaps to the diminu-

tion of sculpture, the head between the eyes is traversed

by a quite distinct, acutely angulate transverse suture.

This is all the more important, as Lacordaire has de-

clared (Gen. Col. iv., p. 4, note 1), that “‘in the Buprestide,

as in all the Sterno.xi, without any exception, the epistome

is never separated from the front by a distinct suture.”

Buprestis gigantea shows numerous variations in the

extent of the sculpture on the ventral segments, but this

seems to be a less constant character than those I have

mentioned above, except that in the third form the

sculpture and pubescence on the ventral segment is

always more diminished than in the other forms. In all

specimens of the species the ventral segments are

densely punctate at the base on each side, and the

punctate portions bear a very fine pubescence; these

‘patches of sculpture extend inwards, and so become

more or less distinctly united to form a band across the

base of each plate, and they also have a greater or less

extension towards the hind margin of each segment.

2. Buprestis goliath. — According to the specimens

before me, this species varies much in colour, somewhat

in sculpture, and a little in the form and depth of the

notch of the fifth ventral segment. The discoidal

patches of dark colour are very distinct, and are dull,

but in some of the more brilliantly coloured examples

become slightly shining; these patches are always

surrounded with a ring of coppery colour, which some-

times extends to the edges of the thorax, but in other

cases shades off into green. In one individual from

Chontales, the colour of all the upper surface is nearly

black, and the metallic colour surrounding the discoidal

of the genus Huchroma. 295

patches is obscure. The usual colour of the wing-

cases is obscure brassy or coppery, the outer margin

being more metallic than the other parts; some indi-

viduals become of a brilliant copper colour. The ventral

sculpture and pubescence is always largely developed,

and exhibits but little variation. The notch on the fifth

ventral segment of the female is always deep and very

conspicuous, but it varies considerably in size, and more

particularly in width; the angles at its hind margin are

always acute, and tend to meet one another, but in some

individuals are considerably more approximate than in

others. The apex of the eighth dorsal plate in this sex

is in this species always emarginate, but in some cases

the emargination is very slight, while in others it is,

though small, very distinct. So far as the material

before me will enable me to judge, these variations are

not geographical.

Cor)

XVII. Observations on the species of the Homopterous

genus Orthezia, with a description of a new species.

By J. W. Doveuas.

[Read July 6th, 1881.]

Havine recently* examined the bibliography and

synonymy of the known species of Orthezia, I do

not further allude to this part of the subject; and

having, at the June meeting of this Society, exhibited

examples of all the three species hereafter mentioned,

and communicated a note thereon,+ I have now to offer

a few more observations respecting them, with illus-

trative figures, and a description of one which I

consider to be new. I have to premise that in all

the stages of their existence all the species have a

covering of cereous matter, which on the under side

is close-fitting to the body, and on the upper side forms

on the entire circumference a border of laterally con-

nected laminations, varying in form in the different

species, while on the dorsal surface the matter assumes

a form and pattern varying, yet constant in character,

in the respective species. The winged males are

exceptions, being destitute of the wax-like envelope, and

also the very youngest forms (which I have not seen)

are without projecting lamine, those of O. urtice being

so described by Léon Dufour.

1. Orthezia urtice, Linn.

Up to the middle of October I find, on various plants,

only young examples of both sexes, 1 line in length. I

hesitate to call these larve, because if the account given

by l’Abbe d’Orthez be true, that the winged males are

developed and after coupling die, the females, which

at that season exist only in the small forms represented

by fig. 5, must then be fecundated, and afterwards have

* ¢Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine,’ xvii., pp. 172 and 208

(1881).

+ Proceedings, p. ix.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRt Il. (SEPT.) 2k

all

298 Mr. J. W. Douglas’s Observations on the

an ecdysis, and be developed into the large adults found

at the end of May on Stellaria holostea, when the large

egg-pouch or marsupium, which has been originated in

the meantime, is full of yellowish eggs (about thirty)

enveloped in a fine cottony web or flue.

On the adult female, whose total length is 23 lines,

there is first, a large, thick, bilobed projection over the

head ; conjoined to this, on the dorsal surface of the

body, are two highly projecting parallel ridges, composed

of seven or eight thick, subangular, backwardly directed,

closely overlapping plates, leaving between the ridges

a deep longitudinal furrow, which, like them, extends to

the end of the body. The furrow is quite regular and

smooth, but at the base of the ridges on the outer side is

generally a series of small supplementary scales; by

these ridges the segments of the body are quite hidden.

The circumferential lamine, starting at right angles to

the base of the frontal projection, somewhat narrow and

rounded on their anterior margin, directed backwards,

project laterally, in regular succession, to a considerable

extent, each lamina (on the sides) (6 to 7) showing

a little beyond the one immediately preceding it, the

posterior ones (three on each side) being greatly

elongated, sometimes curved, and lying in the side

grooves of the marsupium, but not above half their

length, and the terminal middle one, arising just at the

anal orifice, either lying depressed in the middle groove

of the marsupium, or elevated at an acute angle. I am

not sure if this elevation be a voluntary act on the part

of the insect, nor if the lamina ever assume the pro-

cumbent position; often it is broken off, for all the

lamine are removable with the slightest touch.

The marsupium, consisting of cereous matter of a

thin shell-like structure, formed (apparently) in two

plates, at any rate easily separable into two, is attached

at the base to the abdomen, but extends far beyond

it; the lower plate convex ; the upper one flattened, the

space between them forming a large cavity in which the

egos are deposited and hatched. ‘The lower plate arises

immediately behind the posterior coxe, and is perfectly

smooth ; the upper plate, constituting half the apparent

length of the insect, has its surface deeply channelled

lengthwise, the middle channel wide and rounded out,

the others (three on each side of it) narrow, the inter-

vening divisions thin, simulating lamine, as I previously

termed them.

species of the Homopterous genus Orthezia. 299

I have said that I hesitate to call the small autumnal

forms larve, and for this reason, that with the females I

also then find male forms of the same size (known by

the two projecting posterior lamine), and if the females

be then fertilised by winged males (as has been said),

they cannot be in the larva-state. But it is equally

certain that some males, at any rate, do not acquire

wings in the autumn, for I find, at the end of May and

up to the middle of June, some of the same forms as in

the autumn, and scarcely larger, along with the gravid

females. Now, the question, is for what purpose have

these males existed through the winter, and for what

purpose do they still exist? If they shall yet become

winged, what end can they then serve unless to attend

on a generation of females at the present time unborn,

but which will also have, according to precedent, a

contemporaneous generation of males? Or will they

serve the purpose of procreation without becoming alate,

and thus show that they are in the perfect condition, and

that, in this species at least, the male is dimorphous ?

That winged males are very rare, we know; it may well

be that only a few, at times, attain this perfection of

development; still, the existence of apterous males,

whether perfect or not, side by side with females having

marsupia already full of full-sized eggs, is a curious

subject for elucidation. It is scarcely a probable solution

that the said eggs have yet to be fertilised by males not

yet developed. Are the females then, in some genera-

tions, agamous, or does parthenogenesis exist here ?

There is an accessible figure of the winged male in the

frontispiece of Westwood’s ‘Introduction to the Modern

Classification of Insects.’ The denuded female is figured

by Léon Dufour in his ‘ Recherches sur les Hémipteres,’

pli ix. fies 102:

2. Orthezia cataphracta, Shaw.

The form is broad-oval, the denuded body yellowish,

the cereous covering matter cream-white. In the adult

female—length 2 lines, including the marsupium—the

frontal node is bilobed, thick and not much projecting ;

the lamine of the circumference short, all of equal

breadth, curved under, the posterior ones only being

a little longer than the others, forming altogether a

raised compact border. On the back, the segmentation

all

300 Mr. J. W. Douglas’s Observations on the

is distinctly visible throughout, the cereous matter

taking the form of each segment; the body in early life

flat, afterwards distended ; the seement next to the frontal

node entire, the rest divided by a median impressed line,

on which, in the first three of the divided segments, is a

very small scutelliform nodule, and at the end of the

line, immediately adjoining the lamine of the circum-

ference, is a short somewhat elevated lamina arising at

the anal orifice and projecting over them. ‘The mar-

supium is short (varying in length), broad, the posterior

angles rounded off; the upper surface, arising below the

circumferential border, but distinctly separate from it,

nearly flat, having only eight or nine slightly raised

longitudinal lines; the lower surface, arising at the

posterior coxz and hiding the abdomen, convex, perfectly

smooth, the end curved upwards. Antenne and legs

pale piceous. Sometimes the upper surface, more rarely

the lower also, assumes a smoky hue.

In the first days of April last, Mr. George Norman

found, about the base of the stems of grass and Carex

growing-among long damp moss at Pitlochry, in Perth-

shire, some hibernated examples of this species, male

and female, the latter having then no development of

marsupium: these I failed to keep alive. In May, I

received from the same gentleman, a supply of females

with the marsupium partly, rarely fully, developed, and

also two or three males. Some of these I managed to

keep alive until the 12th of June, when a part of the

females had the marsupium quite developed and full of

white eggs, and a part still remained with only a small

marsupium ; the males being but little increased in size,

and at most but 1} line long. Mr. Norman tells me that

young ones began to appear in the first week of June,

and from the first had the scale-like covering. The

same curious question also arises with this species as

with O. wrtice, namely, why the males co-exist with the

gravid females? and it is also unknown if any winged

males ever appeay.

3. Orthezia Normani, n.s.

@. Corpus flavidum vel pallide piceum cera alba

tectum; antennis pedibusque flavidis his interdum

piceis ; corporis laminis cireumgentibus prominentibus,

quatuor primis latis planis antice rotundatis, vel quarta

species of the Homopterous genus Orthezia. 3801

curvata, ceteris angustis; segmentis dorsalibus tribus

vel quatuor anterioribus singulariter lamina levi sub-

erecta medio valde emarginata fere divisa instructis,

cxteris rectis nec vel levissime laminatis; marsupio

longitudinaliter canaliculato.

Body yellowish or piceous, covered with white cereous

matter; antenne and legs yellowish, the latter some-

times piceous, with the extremity blackish ; frontal node

obtusely angulated, the margins usually recurved so that

the middle appears sulcate; of the circumferential

lamine the first four broad, flat, rounded on the front

edge, projecting; or the first three only have this

character, the fourth being longer and curved outwards

(as in fig. 12), the remainder narrower and straight,

adhering to and not separable from the elongate canali-

culation of the marsupium ; of the dorsal segments that

next the frontal node has an erect angulated lamina, the

next three or four have each a broad, delicate, suberect,

forwardly directed lamina, which is deeply cleft, almost

divided, in the middle, so that each side appears with a

ereatly rounded projecting edge; the other segments

straight, with, at most, only a slight trace of lamination ;

at the anal orifice is a short lamina either lying flat or

slightly elevated ; the marsupium varies much in length,

sometimes being only half that of the rest of the insect,

and sometimes, but more rarely, as long as the other

portion of the insect; the upper surface canaliculate, the

under surface very convex, the end much recurved.

Length 13—2 lines.

I have not seen a male form. There are small indi-

viduals—1 line long—found with the females, but as all

I have met with have a trace of a marsupium, they

cannot be males. The lamellation of this species 1s very

delicate, and so easily abraded that it is rare to get an

example quite perfect.

Karly in April Mr. Norman sent me from Pitlochry

four specimens (which he found with O. cataphracta),

with the remark that the lamination differed from that of

that species, and in May he sent a further supply alive,

and it was evident he was correct in his observation. On

the 28th May, at Bexley Wood, Kent, I also had the

pleasure of finding this species on a bank, among the

stems of grass and other plants and dead leaves and

débris ; I have seen examples from Mr. C. W. Dale, and

I have no doubt it exists in other collections. I have

302 Mr. Douglas’s Observations on the

sreat pleasure in dedicating the species to him who, if

not its discoverer, first pointed out its differential

characters.

Finally, as will have been observed, there are several

points in the natural history of these very remarkable

insects that require to be cleared up, and, as I have no

expectation that I shall ever do this, it is to be hoped

that some of our younger members who have the time

and opportunity may be induced to give attention to the

necessary research.

Postscripr.—lI have just received the following note

from Mr. Norman :—‘“‘ Pitlochry, July 8th. I am sure

you will be glad that I have at length bred the winged male

of O. cataphracta. After having had the brood bottled

up since the end of March, and having constantly added

fresh-caught specimens, I was beginning to despair, but

to day I found the one I now send to enable you to have

it figured. I should mention that in the bottle are a few

O. Normani, but the chances are a hundred to one in

favour of this one being O. cataphracta.”

The example may be described as follows :—

O. cataphracta, male.—Grey-white. Wings (two, an-

terior) diaphanous, at the base narrow, then immediately

widening on the lower side, the whole contour being a

long broad oval; close to the nearly straight anterior

margin is a strong raised nerve, which ends at about the

middle of the length; from this, at a little distance from

the base, furcates a slight nerve directed towards the

inner margin, but not reaching it, and becoming

evanescent at about the same distance from the base as

the strong costal nerve. The antenne slender, filiform,

about one-third shorter than the wing, the articulation

obscured. Head, thorax, and abdomen also obscured by

a white mealy powder; from the end of the abdomen

projects a divergent pencil of about twelve white hairs,

which is fully as long as the whole insect. The legs are

also covered with the same kind of mealy powder, and

there is a trace of it on the wings. Length, exclusive

of tail, } line; expanse of wings, 14 line.—J. W. D.,

lith July.

species of the Homopterous genus Orthezia. 308

EXPLANATION oF PuatE XY.

Fie.

1. Orthezia urtice, Linn. Female; upper side.

2. 5 Fp a 5 lower side.

3 ‘ 33 53 Ps, side view showing the erect

posterior lamina.

4 ee oe “5 3 marsupium with eggs.

De ¥ i a3 a as found in autumn.

6. 8 i Pe Male; as found in May.

le Pe a 4 ,, as found in May; lower side.

8. Orthezia cataphracta, Shaw. Female; upper side.

9. 55 i 59 5 lower side.

10. * 3 5 Male; as found 12th June.

11. 35 + » a8 found 12th June;

lower side.

12.\ Orthezia Normani, Doug. Female; upper side.

13.) b) co) >

14. 55 $5 on * lower side.

Ld. 5 np 5 5 antenna.

16. Orthezia cataphracta. Winged male.

Pel ieee

Fy A

¥ : 7

by NT

;

(42808: »

XVILL. Descriptions of new Asiatic diurnal Lepidoptera

By F. Moors, F.Z.§., A.L.8., &c.

[Read July 6th, 1881.]

SATYRIN A.

Lethe Todara, nu. s.

g. Upper side dark olive-brown ; both wings without

markings. Under side dark vinous-brown; fore wing

with a transverse duplex subbasal and an oblique discal

waved purple line, a submarginal row of five indistinct

small ocelli encircled by a purple border, a marginal

narrow purple line, the extreme outer margin being

ochreous; hind wing with a transverse discal waved

medially angled purple line; six submarginal ocelli

encircled by a purple border, the first and filth large

and regularly formed, the second, third, and fourth,

and duplex sixth narrow and minutely white-speckled ;

a narrow marginal purple line and ochreous outer border.

@. Upper side ochreous-brown, dusky externally ;

fore wing with two ochreous-white, small, ill-defined,

subapical spots, and an oblique discal irregular band ;

hind wing with three submarginal apical black spots,

the two lower slightly bordered externally with ochreous-

white, above them is an ochreous-white apical spot;

marginal line bordered with pale ochreous. Under side

paler ; markings as in male, but more prominent, and

all with paler purple borders ; fore wing with an oblique

discal ochreous-white band, which extends to the pos-

terior angle, the lower submarginal ocellus obsolete ;

extreme outer margin of both wings ochreous. Expanse,

male 2,3,, female 2,%, inches.

Hab. Nilgiris. In coll. F. Moore.

This species is nearest allied to the Ceylonese Lethe

Drypetis, Hew.

TANSIMA, 0. g.

¢. Wings short, broad; fore wing with the costa

much arched at the base, apex rounded, exterior margin

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—parrT I. (SEPT.) 2s

306 Mr. F. Moore’s descriptions of new

very slightly oblique and convex; cell broad; first and

second subcostal branches emitted near end of the cell,

third trifid ; disco-cellulars outwardly oblique, upper bent

near the subcostal, concave below, lower slightly concave

anteriorly ; radials emitted from their angles ; hind wing

broadly oval, exterior margin convex; cell broadly

triangular. Palpi long, slender, pilose beneath ; antenne

slender; legs slender, naked.

Tansima Satyrina.

Lethe Satyrina, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1871,

p- 402.

Hab. Shanghai. In. coll. Godman and Salvin.

Neope Khasiana, n. 8.

$. Allied to N. Bhadra. Upper side: markings on

fore wing similar, the two streaks within the cell much

less distinct, that crossing its middle almost obsolete ;

the streak between the lower median and submedian

narrower, and confluent with its terminal spot; hind

wing ochreous-yellow, with the costal border and apical

end of exterior border brown, the immediate base of the

wing ochreous-brown; a large oval dark brown spot

beyond lower end of the cell, and a discal curved series

of six round spots decreasing in size to a minute spot

above anal angle. Under side similarly marked to

N. Bhadra, except that there are two subapical ocelli, the

lower one situated between the upper and middle median

veins ; the three streaks crossing the cell are zigzag, and

the posterior margin broadly ochreous; hind wing with

a regular transverse subbasal ochreous-white fascia, the

dark spot at end of the cell smaller and more prominent,

the transverse series of ocelli also smaller, the inter-

space on both sides paler ochreous-brown. HExpanse,

34 inches.

Hab. Khasia Hills (Austen). In coll. F. Moore.

Callerebia Nada, n. s.

g and ?. Nearest to C. Annada. Exterior margins

of both wings more convex. Upper side similar, the

ocellus of fore wing comparatively more rounded. Under

side similar ; fore wing with the reddish patch somewhat

Asiatic diurnal Lepidoptera. 307

broader, and extending to below the lower median vein ;

hind wing with less prominently grey strige ; the trans-

verse zigzag brown line distinctly formed and more erect,

the two subanal ocelli larger and white-pupilled ; above

these there is an indistinct row of white spots. Expanse,

male 2, female 23 inches.

Hab. Kunawur, N.W. Himalaya (Lang). In coll.

F. Moore.

Callerebia Yphthimoides, n. s.

g and. Upper side dark olive-brown ; fore wing

with a bipupilled ocellus encircled by a narrow indistinet

orange-yellow border ; hind wing with two small subanal

ocelli. ‘Under side numerously covered with grey strigie ;

fore wing with ocellus as above, and a slight brownish

submarginal and a diseal fascia ; hind wing with three

broader and more distinct transverse fascie, a small

apical ocellus and four lower, smaller, decreasing ocelli.

Expanse, male 14, female 13 inch.

Hab. Travancore, Colathoorpolay Patnas, 4000 ft.,

April (Bourdillon). In coll. F. Moore.

Myposama, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1880, p. 170.

Mydosama marginata, n. 8.

3. Allied to M. patnia (Mycalesis patnia), which also

occurs in Sumatra. Fore wing less rounded at the apex ;

hind wing with more oblique exterior margin; both

wings brighter ochreous ; fore wing with prominent dark

ochreous-black bands on all three sides; lower discal

ocellus nearly obliterated by the band ; hind wing with

a prominent broad outer band, with a large ocellus

between middle and lower median veins, and a minute

ocellus between the latter and submedian. Under side

light ochreous ; both wings crossed by two medial slender

red lines and a marginal series of ocelli, four and a lower

blind minute spot on the fore wing, and seven on the

hind wing. Expanse, 12 inch.

Hab. Sumatra. In coll. Henley G. Smith.

NYMPHALIN A.

Apatura Bhavana, n. 8.

3. Alliedto A. Ambica. Differs in its larger expanse,

the fore wing being more deflexed, and of less breadth

308 Mr. F. Moore’s descriptions of new

across; the hind wing is also more produced at the anal

angle. On the upper side the transverse discal white

band is similar, but there are only two small apical white

spots, and the exterior border of both wings has an

unmarked fulvous-brown fascia. Under side also similar,

the nacreous basal and external areas are bluer and are

less black bordered, the apical band broader and showing

the white spots more in its middle, and the discal

fulvous band on the hind wing is narrower. Expanse,

3 inches.

Hab. N.E. Bengal (Russell). In coll. F. Moore.

FHerona Sumatrana, ni. s.

?. Upper side brown; fore wing with a visage

bluish white longitudinal subapical streak between the

veins, some irregular-shaped discal spots bordered above

the posterior angle by lunular spots; hind wing with

two outer discal transverse series of similar coloured

irregular conical spots, and a marginal series of lunules.

Under side brownish ochreous; fore wing with bluish

white brown-bordered discoidal streaks, a broad brown-

bordered oblique fascia beyond the cell, and three small

subapical spots; discal spots as above; hind wing with

a brown-bordered transverse medial zigzag line, and an

indistinct discal whitish lunular fascia with brownish

borders. Expanse, 22 inches.

Hab. Sumatra (Bock). In coll. Henley G. Smith.

Limenitis Bockti, n.s.

g. Upper side vinous-brown, with a broad transverse

medial white band, the inner border of which is sharply

defined, the outer border traversed by a parallel Junular

brown line, terminating at the apical end in three small

white spots; both wings with a pale-bordered lunular

submarginal and a narrower linear marginal band, both

bordered with red at anal angle; fore wing with two

discoidal reddish-centred sinuous black streaks, the inner

continued beneath the cell. Under side purplish erey,

the broad white medial band defined by a slender black

inner line and a dark red outer line; fore wing with red

costal base, centre of discoidal streaks and apical border

dark red, the extreme apex being ochreous; hind wing

Asiatic diurnal Lepidoptera. 309

with white-centred basal discoidal spots, and dark red

anal patch. Expanse, 23 inches.

Hab. Sumatra (Bock). In coll. Henley G. Smith.

Allied to the N. Indian ZL. Dudu. Differs in being

a much smaller insect, and having a broader white

transverse band.

Neptis Anjana, 0.8.

3. Upper side very dark olivaceous-brown; fore

wing with a slender, but not very prominent, ochreous-

brown narrow discoidal streak, a curved discal macular

band, a submarginal and a less distinct marginal line ;

hind wing with a slender transverse subbasal band, a

recurved discal band, and narrower but less distinct

marginal line. Under side dark chestnut-red ; fore wing

with the discoidal streak, transverse outer bands glossy

purplish blue, the lower part of the discal band being

pale ochreous; hind wing with two medial, two discal

bands, a very slender marginal glossy purplish blue

and a broad paler basal band. Expanse, 2} inches.

Hab. Moulmein. Incoll. F. Moore.

Allied to N. Ananta.

Neptis Kallaura, n. 8.

Allied to N. Adipala. Markings of upper side pale

yellow; fore wing with the discoidal streak and its

terminal pointed spot more rounded at the edges where

divided by the disco-cellular vein ; discal series of spots

smaller and more oval; hind wing with comparatively

narrower inner band and broader outer band. Expanse,

male 23, female 22 inches.

Hab. Travancore, Kallaur Road, 1200 feet, April;

Mynall, 2000 feet (Bourdillon). In coll. F. Moore.

Neptis Carticoides, n. 8.

Allied to N. Cartica. Male differs from the same sex

of that species in being somewhat smaller and of a

fuliginous-brown colour, not black; markings similar,

but of a pale fuliginous tint, and therefore less promi-

nent; the subbasal band on the hind wing, and the

310 Mr. F’. Moore’s descriptions of new

lower discal spots on the fore wing only being whitish.

Under side of a brighter chestnut colour, and the bands

less prominent. Expanse, 2 inches.

Hab. Dayrjiling. In coll. F. Moore.

Neptis Martabana, n. 8.

3. Intermediate between N. Columella and N.

Ophiana. Fyrom the former it is one-fourth smaller in

size. From the Darjiling type of N. Ophiana it differs

on the fore wing in having the discoidal streak more

distinctly broken near the end, and in there being a

wider space between its end and the large conical spot

beyond. On the hind wing the subbasal transverse band

is somewhat broader, and the submarginal spots smaller,

more rounded, and less prominent. Under side of a

much darker chestnut purplish brown, the markings

showing out much more strongly. Expanse, 2,5, inches.

Hab. Rangoon. In coll. F. Moore.

Neptis fuliginosa, n. s.

g. Allied to N. Hbusa, Felder. Upper side fuli-

ginous olive-brown; fore wing with fuliginous olive-

white slender discoidal streak, transverse discal inter-

rupted macular band, and two slender submarginal

lunular lines; hind wing with a broad subbasal and

a discal band, a narrower less distinct slender inter-

vening medial line, and an outer marginal line. Under

side paler fuliginous-brown, with markings as above,

but more prominent and whiter, the hind wing having

also an additional subbasal band. Expanse, 12 inch.

Hab. Moulmein. In coll. India Museum, Calcutta.

Neptis Batara, n. 8.

@. Allied to N. Miah of N.E. Bengal. Upper side

with similar markings, the discoidal streak being longer

and more pointed at the outer end, the discal interrupted

macular band slightly broader, the slender marginal line

more distinct; the subbasal band on the hind wing

broader, and the discal band of the same width as the

subbasal is in NV. Miah, the outer marginal slender band

more distinct. Under side of a paler and duller purplish

Asiatic diurnal Lepidoptera. 311

chestnut-brown, the bands broader, and of a_ paler

ochreous tint. Expanse, 12 inch.

Hab. Sumatra (Buckton). In coll. F. Moore.

Rahinda Assanuca.

g. Allied to R. Heliodore (Neptis Heliodore), Fabr.

Upper side: fore wing with the red discoidal streak

similar to that in R. Hordonia, not extending below the

cell, the oblique subapical band somewhat narrow, the

lower discal band scarcely constricted in its middle ;

hind wing with a broad subbasal and a discal band, the

abdominal margin also broadly of the same red colour

as the bands. Under side ochreous-yellow, with very

narrow ochreous-brown intervening spaces between the

bands. Expanse, 14 inch.

Hab. Sibsagar, Assam. In coll. India Museum,

Calcutta.

Rahinda Siaka.

g. Allied to the Javan R. Tiga (Neptis Tiga, Moore,

P.Z.8., 1858, p. 4). Fore wing with reddish ochreous

discoidal streak completely divided across end of the cell,

and its lower margin sharply defined along the median

vein ; the three transverse discal patches well separated,

the apical with a wide interspace, the submarginal

formed of separate lunules ; hind wing with a straight

transverse subbasal (or inner) band, and a narrow sub-

marginal band; marginal line very slender and indis-

tinct. Under side with well defined dark dusky-blackish

interspaces between the markings. Expanse, 13 inch.

Hab. Sumatra (Buckton). In coll. F. Moore.

Rahinda Sattanga.

9, Allied to the Malayan R. Dorelia (Neptis Dorelia,

Butler). Upper side blacker, the markings paler,

but with more sharply defined markings; fore wing

with the discoidal streak entire, the subapical patch

of equal width with that beneath it; submarginal

band slender and lunular; hind wing with only two

bands, both of which are straight, the submarginal band

narrow and only half the width of the inner band; no

marginal line. Expanse, 1} inch.

Hab. British Burmah. In coll. F. Moore.

312 Mr. F. Moore’s descriptions of new

LYCANIDA.

Narathura subfasciata.

3.. Near to N. Canuta (Amblypodia Canuta, Hew.).

Upper side glossy purplish blue; margins narrowly

black. Under side pale greyish brown; fore wing with

two very indistinct slightly darker submarginal fasciee ;

hind wing with two similar lunular fasciz, a broader

discal zigzag fascia, and three or four small basal spots.

Female of a more cobalt-blue tint, which is confined to

the lower basal area of both wings. Expanse, 1} inch.

Hab. Andamans. In coll. Hewitson, British Museum ;

and Henley G. Smith.

PIERINA.

Appias Hippoides.

Near to A. Hippo, typical specimens of which from

Sumatra are before me. Upper side similar. Under

side of a paler yellow, the apical spot on fore wing more

prominently defined ; hind wing with the marginal band

narrower, and of one-third less in width. In A. Hippo

the band reaches the end of the cell; in A. Hippoides it

extends only two-thirds towards it. Female, similar

above to A. Hippo. Under side : fore wing also similar ;

hind wing yellowish ochreous, with a well-defined marginal

band of the same width as in male. Expanse, male 2%,

female 24+ inches.

Hab. N.E. Bengal (Assam, Silhet, Darjiling, Nepal).

In coll. F. Moore.

Appias latifasciata.

3. Upper side similar to A. taprobana. Under side

also similar ; apical spot on fore wing yellow; hind wing

deep yellow, inclining to chrome ; exterior band dense

purple-brown, broad, three-eighths of an inch wide, and

extending from the outer margin to the cell; a broad

dense fascia formed of purple-brown scales from base of

subcostal and extending broadly across the middle and

over the borders of its two branches, and thus forming a

prominent fascia; costal vein also lined with purple-

brown scales ; the interspace between the lower subcostal

and the radial to the outer band almost white.

?. Vinous-brown, with olivaceous-white broad sub-

apical streak and discal area; the basal area of hind

Asiatic diurnal Lepidoptera. 313

wing also broadly olivaceous-white. Under side as in

male. Expanse, 24 inches.

Hab. Carara, Malabar, 8. India. In coll. F. Moore.

A distinct species from the Bornean A. Hnarete, Boisd.

PAPILIONIN A.

Papilio Pandiyana.

Allied to P. Jophon. Male: fore wing narrower, with

the black streaks between the veins similar to those in

P. Diphilus, the pale interspaces being fuliginous and of

a less whitish tint than in P. Jophon; hind wing with a

broader whitish central patch, the white extending across

the whole of the interspace between the veins; sub-

marginal reddish lunules less prominent. Female with

the fore wing more rounded externally, the exterior mar-

gin being slightly convex; markings as in male. Hx-

panse, male 4, female 4} inches.

Hab. Travancore (Bourdillon). In coll. F. Moore.

Papilio Tamilana.

Allied to the N. Indian P. Paris. Differs in the fore

wing having a shorter transverse fascia, and the hind

wing with a larger, longer, and broader blue patch, which

extends hindward to the middle median vein. Expanse,

4+ inches.

Hab. Malabar Hills, S. India (Ward). In coll.

F. Moore.

HESPERIDA.

Hesperia Hiraca.

@. Allied to H. Irava (Hypepa, Hew.) Differs from

same sex of that species in its smaller size. Wings

dark brown; fore wing with a broad yellow zigzag spot

across middle of the cell, a smaller nearly quadrate

discal spot between the upper and middle median veins,

and a larger obliquely-quadrate spot between them

beneath the middle median. Under side : fore wing with

spots as above; a cluster of yellow scales before the apex;

hind wing with the medial area speckled with linear

yellow scales. Expanse, 23 inches.

Hab. Andaman Isles. Jn coll. Henley G. Smith.

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XIX. On the Lepidoptera of the Amazons, collected by

Dr. James W. H. Trail during the years 1873

to 1875. By Anraur Garpiner Buter, F.L5s,

F.Z.5., &e.

|Read July 6th, 1881.]

Parr [V.—GEOMETRITES.

Tur Geometrites collected by Dr. Trail consist of eighty-

two species, of which thirty are new to Science. I

include the Uraniide, notwithstanding Professor West-

wood’s admirable paper, and in spite of the instructive

suggestions as to the affinities of that family therein

published ; and this I do, not from mere unthinking

obstinacy, but because I feel satisfied that the Uraniude

form a passage from the Bombycites to the Geometrites

proper ; unfortunately, owing to the confused state of

the classification of the moths, and the very few efforts

which have been made since the publication of Guenée’s

work to render it more natural, it is impossible to guage

accurately the value of characters offered by the

perfect insects as against those exhibited in the adult

larva.

To my mind the imago forms of Urania and Mama*

show greater affinities to the Geometrites than to the

Bombycites ; and, until we know the youngest form of the

larva in these genera, we cannot positively assert that

the apparent affinity to the Bombycites exhibited by

the adult stage is reliable.

A natural classification of the moths would, I believe,

place the Noctuites near to the Sphinges, and therefore in

front of the Bombycites, the family Notodontide being

divided into two distinct groups, the one typified by

Stauropus, Notodonta, &c., showing greater affinities to

the Noctuites; the other, as represented by Phalera, to

the Bombycites: Cerwra and allies may have to form

a third family to be placed next to the Drepanulide ;

* The alteration of this name to Manidia is unnecessary, since

Hiibner and Ochsenheimer’s use of Mormo for the Noctwid genus

has been largely followed.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART II. (SEPT.)

316 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

the Bombycites could then be concluded naturally with

Asthenia and the Uraniide, forming a passage to the

typical Geometrites.*

Of the position of the Pseudo-Deltoids, Deltoids,

Pyrales, and the confused mass of families arbitrarily

associated under the term Micro-Lepidoptera, I need at

present say nothing, excepting that their distribution

amongst what have been called the higher groups must

eventually take place.

URANIIDAL.

Uranta, Fabricius.

1. Urania leilus.

Papilio leilus, Linneus, Syst. Nat. u. p. 750, n. 31

(1766).

Teffé, 18th December, 1874.

Mania, Hitbner.

2. Mania empedocles.

Papilio empedocles, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 199,

figs. A, B (1782).

Juruapuca, Rio Jurua, 28th October, 1874.

URAPTERIDA.

Ripuna, Guenée.

3. Ltipula area.

Phalena-Geometra area, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 56,

fig. p (1779).

Rio Jurua, 7th November, 1874.

M. Guenée placed this species in Urapteryx.

Before proceeding to the next family it will be useful

to correct some of the errors in published catalogues

and lists.

Cherodes transcendens of Walker, and Cimicodes

castanearia of Moore should be placed in Mucronodes.

* It might, however, be necessary to reverse this order on

account of the affinity of the Geometrites to the Noctwites; thus

the Bombycites would come after the Geometrites,

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 317

Gynopteryx gygearia is allied to Cimicodes torquataria,

of which Gynopteryx liodesaria is evidently a variety ;

G. ? celeraria (= prelataria, H.-Sch.), is unquestionably

nearly allied to Guenée’s Cimicodes pallicostata.

Clysia succedens is a Lycimna ; C. mixtipennaria would

be better placed in Hutrapela, although somewhat aberrant

even for that genus, and C. decisaria is an Endropia near

to EH. peetinaria.

Cherodes transponens of Walker is a slight variety of

Oxydia vesulia of Cramer, but the specimen miscalled

O. vesulia by Dr. Herrich-Schaffer (and nevertheless

labelled with a MS. name of his own), is clearly

O. agliata of Guenée, whilst the examples placed under

the latter species by Walker are again varieties of O.

vesulia of Cramer.

Guenée’s first group of Oxydia, consisting of O. vulpe-

cularia only, may retain the generic name Acrosemia

proposed for it by Dr. Herrich-Schaffer ; the marvellously

simple antenne of both sexes will at once separate it

from the next species, O. capnodiata, which is wrongly

associated with O. bendiata under Group II.

Oxydia capnodiata is clearly a very slight variety of

Walker’s Herbita aglausaria, and may therefore stand

as Herbita capnodiata.

Oxydia bendiata is allied to Cherodes translineata, and

to Acrosenia decurtaria of Herrich-Schaffer, which is (if

more than a variety) a local form of Walker’s Ira

atomaria; these species, which nearly approach Acro-

senia vulpecularia in structure, may be placed under

Walker’s genus Ira. .

If I have rightly identified them, Guenée’s O. hispata

and O. distichata may be only well-marked varieties of

O. vesulia; Walker included all three under the name of

O. agliata: Cherodes translinquens of Walker is an

Oxydia, and probably O. nimbata of Guenee, the descrip-

tion of which it agrees fairly well with.

Under the specimens sent by Dr. Herrich-Schiiffer as

O. trapezata, and agreeing with Walker’s Mucronodes

mundipennata, I recognise examples of the form named

O. trychiata by Guenée.

818 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

CrmicopEs, Guenée.

4. Cimicodes qygearia.

Gynopteryx gygearia, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 96,

n. 8 (1860).

Teffé, 19th October, 1874.

I think it very doubtful whether the genus Cimicodes

really belongs to the family Urapteride.

The genus Andania of Walker certainly does not

belong to this family, being identical with Syngria of

Guenée. I found S. druidaria and S, falcinaria mixed

with the specimens of Andania scitosignata, other examples

of the latter species being recorded as S. druidaria in

the collection. . Andania “seriptipennaria, on the other

hand, is closely allied to Lagyra (female form of Hypo-

sidra) and is the Azelina? claustraria of Felder.

ENNOMIDA.

Pyrinia, Hiibner.

5. Pyrinia optivata.

Crocopteryx optivata, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 72, n. 94

(1857).

Near end of Ilha de Botya, Rio Solimoes, 15th October,

1874.

Closely allied to P. cearia, from which it differs

chiefly in the absence of the silvery stripe across its

wings.

The following genus should certainly be placed near

to Pyrinia, Drepanodes, and Gargaphia, and not where

Walker put it, near to the end of the family :—

Hatesa, Walker.

6. Halesa asychisaria.

Halesa asychisaria, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 211,

n. 1 (1860).

Rio Jurua, 4° 40’ §., 66° 40’ W., 29th October ;

Pupunha, 5th November, ‘1874 ; Boay entura, Rio Jutahi,

21st January; above Rio Curuem, 29th January, 1875.

This species was subsequently described by Snellen as

Falcinodes gonodontaria,

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 319

7. Halesa glauca, n.s.

Wings above shining violet-grey, rather more rosy

towards the external borders ; primawies crossed at basal

third by an olivaceous stripe beginning in a triangular

costal patch of the same colour ; a broad olivaceous band

beyond the middle, slightly narrowing towards the inner

margin, and bounded externally by an elbowed leaden-

erey line beginning in a short oblique creamy whitish

costal dash; costal border creamy whitish; external

border sometimes well defined and purple towards the

external angle, its inner edge zigzag ; fringe ferruginous ;

secondaries crossed before the middle by a rather broad

olivaceous band, which is limited externally by a central

leaden-grey line; the latter terminates upon the abdo-

minal border in a creamy whitish dash ; external border

purplish, ill-defined; fringe ferruginous; thorax pale

violet-grey; abdomen pale greyish brown; antenne,

palpi, and upper surface of legs buff; under surface

silvery grey, striated with pale llacine-grey; primaries

with pale buff costal margin; an oblique white discal

line; external area towards the angle purplish; fringe

testaceous ; secondaries whiter than the primaries,

with well-defined purplish external border ; costal border

tinted with buff; fringe golden ferruginous ; body and

legs below whitish ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 38 lines.

Urugaca, Rio Jurua, 7th November, 1874; Boaventura,

Rio Jutahi, 24th January; Boa Vista, 1st February ;

Santarem, 4th February, 1875.

It is just possible that this may be the Phalena violacea

of Sepp, but I think not; his figure is evidently a very

poor one, whatever it is meant for.

CRATOPTERA, Guenée.

8. Cratoptera brunnea, ni. 8.

Sandy testaceous, the wings with the outer half washed

with reddish, which becomes more intense towards the

external borders, the whole surface irrorated with black ;

a dark olive-brown oblique line from the apex of the

primaries to just above the middle of the abdominal

border of secondaries ; primaries crossed at basal third

by an elbowed slender dark brown line ; two very oblique

dark brown costal dashes, the first from the middle of

320 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

the costal margin, and the second near to the apex,

where it bounds an elongated semi-pyriform costal spot,

mottled with brown and edged below with whitish ; apex

and a disco-cellular dot black ; one or two vague dusky

spots on the disc; fringe tipped with dark brown ;

secondaries with a discal indistinct bisinuated series of

dusky spots; fringe tipped with red-brown; under

surface bright ochreous, speckled and mottled with

grey, excepting on the body and towards the base of

secondaries ; wings crossed by a dark grey oblique

stripe corresponding to the olivaceous line of the upper

surface ; discal diffused spots not extending below the

third median branch of the secondaries; primaries

white, speckled with grey at apex; body paler than the

wings; palpi reddish brown; expanse of wings, 1 inch

5 lines.

Rio Jurua, near the mouth; 14th November, 1874.

9. Cratoptera primularis, n. 8.

Nearly allied to C. vilaria of Herrich-Schiiffer, and to

Drepanodes (!) pholata of Guenée; in shape it more

nearly agrees with the former, but in markings (except-

ing the absence of the subbasal line on the primaries) it

is like the latter species; bright chrome-yellow; the

wings crossed from apex of primaries to the middle of

the abdominal margin of secondaries by an externally

diffused bright red oblique line; this line is elbowed

close to the apex of the primaries, and bounded externally

by five small pure white spots upon the nervures ; fringe

at apex black; wings below of a clearer yellow colour

than above, and crossed by a rather broad oblique black

band with reddish diffused edges ; external area sparsely

speckled with black; primaries with four black dots in a

zigzag series within the discoidal cell; body below

whitish ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 1 line.

Rio Jutahi, 5th February, 1875. Taken at light.

There can be no question that this is congeneric with

C. vilaria, and it is hardly possible that the Drepanodes

pholata of Guenée, which has almost the same pattern

on both surfaces (a pattern, moreover, which on the

under surface is singularly striking) can belong to a

different genus. I am therefore unwillingly compelled

to believe that here, as in several other instances, this

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 321

great lepidopterist has failed to recognise the real

differences between genera which he himself described.

Two other species, Gynopteryx ? calexaria and G. ?

tcaunaria, rust also be referred to Cratoptera ; the Apicia

prostypata of Snellen is a Gynopteryx, his A. plebeiata

being characteristic of Apicia.

GYNOPTERYX, Guenée.

10. Gynopteryx vulgaris, Nn. 8.

Allied to G. arbuaria (Apicia arbuaria, W1k.), greyish,

reddish or yellowish brown, densely mottled with fine

erey striations; two bright rust-red or reddish brown

lines of the usual form ; the inner one restricted to the

primaries rather more irregular and nearer to the outer

line than in the other species; the outer line acutely

angulated and bounding a partly white and partly black-

edged arched costal spot near apex; the area between

the two lines paler than the rest of the wing; a black

disco-cellular spot; a zigzag discal series of more or

less distinct whitish-edged grey spots; secondaries with

the discal series of spots extremely indistinct ; under

surface whitish or pale rusty-brown, mottled with grey

striations ; with conspicuous black disco-cellular spots ;

a testaceous stripe just beyond the cell; a zigzag sub-

marginal series of whitish-bordered grey spots scarcely

indicated on the secondaries, excepting by a darker

shade of the ground colour; apex of primaries whitish ;

expanse of wings, male 1 inch 1 line, female 1 inch

2 lines.

Male, 8. Guajara, mouth of Rio Purus, 6th September ;

male and female, Gepatiny, 26th and 29th; male,

Mabidiry, 80th; Urucuri, 2nd October; female, Curi-

mata, Rio Jurua, 80th ; Pupunha, 1st to 7th November ;

Gaviao, 10th; Rio Javary, 2nd December, 1874.

Dr. Trail obtained five males and ten females of this

species; it varies much in tint, but the modifications

not only occur in different localities, or at different

times, but also in specimens taken together, so that they

cannot even be separated as local races.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART II. (SEPT.) 2u

322 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

TETRAGONODES, Guenée.

11. T'etragonodes anopsaria ?

Tetragonodes anopsaria, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 80, n. 118

(1857).

Female, Rio Jurua, 24th October, 1874.

Is not Cramer’s Phalena croceata congeneric with this

species ? )

Maaipa, Walker.

12. Magida aurantiaca, nu. 8.

Bright orange-fulvous, mottled with ferruginous ;

primaries with the central area rather paler; a slightly

irregular ferruginous stripe from the middle of the costal

margin of primaries to just below the middle of the

abdominal margin of secondaries; primaries with the

costal margin striated, and spotted at the origin of the

transverse stripes with black ; two closely appproximated

irregular red-brown discal stripes, the external border

also brownish and mottled with black; fringe black ;

secondaries with a submarginal ferruginous stripe, very

slender, excepting towards the costal margin; fringe

black at apex, otherwise yellow; antenne and a band

across the back of the head grey ; under surface clear

golden yellow, the markings bright sienna-red instead

of ferruginous ; otherwise as above; expanse of wings,

83 lines.

Fonteboa, Rio Solimoes, 17th November, 1874.

The genus Magida is nearly allied to Melinodes.

HyprryTHra, Guenée.

13. Hyperythra decrepitaria.

Syrrhodia decrepitaria, Hiibner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett.,

figs. 871, 372 (1823).

Aspilates decrepitaria, Guenée, Phal. ii. p. 184, n. 1218

(1857).

Hyperythra mimasaria, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xx.

p. 182, n. 15 (1860).

Serpa, 22nd April, 1874.

It seems scarcely possible that Guenée can have

looked at Hubner’s figures of this species; the moth is

so utterly unlike an Aspilates that even Mr. Walker quotes

it with a note of interrogation.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 323

NEMATOCAMPA, Guenée.

14. Nematocampa arenosa, n. 8.

Wings above sandy yellow, speckled with red-brown ;

the disco-cellulars dark brown; primaries crossed just

before basal third by an angulated black-brown stripe,

and at external third by a sinuous stripe, beyond which

is an angulated line of the same colour; external angle

slaty grey, crossed transversely by a blackish-edged

ochraceous band ; faint indications of a slender blackish

submarginal line, beyond which the nervures are black ;

secondaries crossed beyond the middle by an arched dark

brown line; external area testaceous; apex and base of

fringe slaty grey ; primaries below pale stramineous, with

the same dark brown lines as above; area between the

discal and angulated subapical lines slaty grey, traversed

by a sinuous testaceous stripe flecked with grey;

secondaries rather paler than the primaries, dark brown

markings scarcely perceptible ; apex broadly slaty grey ;

external border and base of fringe greyish ; body below

pale creamy yellowish ; expanse of wings, 9 lines.

Rio Jurua, 6th November, 1874.

Nearest to N. resistaria.

15. Nematocampa reticulata, n. s.

Stramineous ; wings above striated with dark brown ;

the nervures, a line before the basal third, an irregularly

angulated line beyond the middle, and a regularly angu-

lated discal line limiting the external area, dark chocolate-

brown ; external area very broad, occupying nearly half

the secondaries and about a third of the primaries,

chocolate-brown washed with shining plumbageous-grey ;

a large apical stramineous patch striated with brown on

the primaries ; under surface paler, most of the brown

markings on the basal two-thirds obsolete; only the

external third of all the wings dark and of a smoky

greyish colour; body cream-colour ; expanse of wings,

1 inch 1 line.

Pupunha, Rio Jurua, Ist November, 1874. Taken

at light.

Seems to be allied to N. varicata of Walker,

324 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

ENpropia, Guenée.

16. Endropia singularis, n. 8.

General aspect above of ‘“‘ Hygrochroa” davalliata,

Felder (a species of Mucronodes), but allied to ‘‘ Hype-

rythra”’ angulifascia; whity brown; primaries above

crossed by two brown-edged angular greyish bands, the

inner one interrupted, near the base of the inner margin,

by a very oblique brown-edged whitish dash; a sub-

apical triangular white-bordered costal olive-brown spot

only separated by its outer border from a notched sub-

cuneiform patch of the same colour on the outer margin ;

a patch of creamy white below the last mentioned patch

of brown; secondaries crossed from costa to interno-

median area by a tapering brown streak ; basi-abdominal

and apical areas washed with reddish brown ; a white-

bordered blackish-edged creamy yellowish spot on the

abdominal border near the anal angle; body testaceous ;

tegule white, crossed by a dull ferruginous stripe;

primaries below greyish brown, with the internal half,

excepting towards the external angle, cream-coloured ;

an arched, almost semicircular, white submarginal line,

forked externally towards the apex; apical area dark

brown internally, testaceous externally ; fringe whitish ;

secondaries creamy whitish, with the basi-costal area

and abdominal border sandy yellowish; two sinuous

chocolate-brown lines from the middle of the costa to the

abdominal border, filled in with brown above the radial

vein, and immediately followed by a pure white stripe

which bounds the external border; the latter brownish

testaceous ; fringe white, spotted with brown towards the

anal angle ; body below whity brown; expanse of wings,

1 inch 4 lines.

Obydos, 8th March, 1874.

A most singularly marked species, but I think without

doubt belonging to this genus.

AZELINA, Guenée.

17. Azelina pumaria.

Pergama pumaria, Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise der

Nov., Lep. v. pl. exxiii. fig. 15 (1876).

Gepatiny, Rio Purus, 29th September, 1874. At light.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 325

This species belongs to the section Synemia of Guenée,

in which the projecting apical portion of the outer mar-

gin is straight instead of being more or less sinuated.

18. Azelina garuparia.

2. Azelina garuparia, Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise

der Nov., Lep. v. pl. exxiii. fig. 21 (1876).

3. Boa vista, Rio Jutahi, 1st February, 1875. At

light.

19. Azelina traili.

Azelina trail, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. v.

vol. vill. p. 31 (1881).

Pariti, Rio Purus, 5th October, 1874. At light.

20. Azelina lustraria.

Azelina lustraria, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 156, n. 242

(1857).

Pupunhazinho, Rio Jurua, 8th November, 1874. At

light.

21. Azelina clysiaria.

Azelina clysiaria, Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise der

Nov., Lep. v. pl. exxili. fig. 12 (1876).

Rio Javary, 4th February; Guajaratuba, Rio Purus,

11th September ; Rio Solimoes, 20th November, 1874 ;

Rio Jutahi, 27th January and 5th February, 1875.

22. Azelina juruana.

Azelina juruana, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. v.

vol. vill. p. 48 (1881).

Curimata, 30th October; Rio Jurua, 7th November,

1874.

Brotis, Hiibner.

23. Brotis vulneraria.

Brotis vulneraria, Hubner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett., figs.

319, 320 (18238).

Rio Madeira, west bank, about 5° 80’ S., 16th May ;

Rio Javary, 1st, 8rd, and 7th December, 1874; Boaven-

tura, Rio Jutahi, 24th January, 1875,

326 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

This species is very variable, both in the tint of the

wings, which may be of either a rich brown or silver-

grey colour, and in the presence or absence of the

triangular orange costal spot on the primaries.

The following corrections may be made to the Enno-

mide, in addition to those already noted :—Caberodes ?

carcearta may be referred to Gynopteryx ; Apicia ? libe-

raria may be referred to Tacparia; one of the specimens

on 7; 2alissaria is referable to Apicia deductaria ; Gynop-

teryx ! calbisaria, although it has almost the same pattern

as G. seriaria, agrees better in structure with Apicia ;

Melinodes ? amphisaria is a Pyrinia; Epione liboraria is

identical with Tephrina confiniaria; E.? brongusaria is

close to (if distinct from) Tephrina incessaria; E. ? roset-

gera is probably an Ephyra, but with the aspect of

Anisodes ; it certainly is not allied to E’:pione : *‘ Epione”’

serinaria, agyllaria, and cambogiaria are allied to Sicya

solfataria; it is probable that the so-called ‘‘ South

African ”’ species is from the New World.* Hyperythra

arcasaria, of which we have a specimen from Canada, is

probably Antepione depontanata of Packard’s ‘ Mono-

graph’ ; H. angulifascia is nearer to Endropia, but several

of the Indian species will have to be turned out of

Hyperythra, such as H. ? riobearia and caleearna; H.

ennomosaria is a Caustoloma ; Hyperetis alienaria is an

Amisodes; Ellopia inflectaria and EH. convexaria are

slightly abnormal species of Sicya; although they come

from Africa, they are so unlike S. cambogiaria, and the

latter is so like the N. American species that they rather

strengthen than weaken my belief that that species is

American; the genus Hnnomos is in utter confusion, the

species being referable to half a dozen genera; H. ? poten-

taria is a Colussa (Lasiocampide).

BOARMIIDA.

Boarmia, T'reitschke.

24. Boarmia bipennaria.

Boarmia bipennaria, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 257, n. mba

pl. 13, fig. 5 (1857).

Pupunha, Rio Jurua, 1st November, 1874. At light.

* According to Messrs. Grote and Robinson, E. agyllaria is

rier calipusaria. The latter is Sicya solfataria, but (in my

opinion) is distinct from H. agyllaria,

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. B27

The figure is not a very good one, but the description

happily corrects it where in error.

ALMODES, Guenée.

25. Almodes stigmaria.

Boarmia stigmaria, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxi. p. 868,

n. 64 (1860).

Rio Trombetas, 8rd March; Rio Jurua, 18th November,

1874.

I have no doubt that Almodes is very closely allied to

Boarmia, and cannot understand why Guenée placed it

between genera so utterly dissimilar as Mecoceras and

EHumelea.

TrpHrosia, Boisduval.

26. Tephrosia ? cretacea, nu. 8.

Dull white, minutely irrorated with grey ; wings crossed

by two subparallel shghtly arched and widely undulated

pale testaceous stripes; external border rather broadly

pale brownish grey, its inner border interrupted by a

regular series of white-bordered slightly darker spots ; a

marginal series of black dots; a blackish dot at the end

of each discoidal cell; primaries with a very indistinct

third testaceous stripe at basal fifth, all three stripes on

these wings commencing upon the costal margin in small

black spots; under surface sordid white; wings with

slender brown disco-cellular strie; a rather broad

greyish brown external border ; fringe and the apex of

the primaries snow-white; expanse of wings, 1 inch

6 lines.

Prainha, 14th November, 1878.

This very distinct species is unfortunately represented

by only one headless specimen, so that for the present it

is impossible to decide with absolute certainty whether it

is a Tephrosia or a Boarnia; the pattern is more like

that of the former genus; it seems allied to 7’. incon-

gruaria of Rio Janeiro.

The two genera Boarnia and Tephrosia are at present

in a state of great confusion, fully bearing out M. Guenée’s

remarks (first as to Boarmia), ‘‘ Voici un genre trés-

ancien, universellement adopté, et cependant jusqu’ici

assez mal limité”’; and (secondly as to Tephrosia), ‘‘ Les

328 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

caractéres de l’insecte parfait ne sont pas, en effet, tres

tranches.”

The fact is that the antenne of the males ought

to have been regarded asthe most important character

for distinguishing these groups, those of Boarmia being

broadly pectinated, and those of Tephrosia narrowly

pectinated, or, in exceptional cases, almost simple ;

these are broad distinctive characters, but it may be

necessary, in strictly attending to them, to break up

Tephrosia into two genera.

GEOMETRIDAE.

Nemoria, Hiibner.

27. Nemoria iris, n. 8.

Near to ‘‘Geometra” remotaria of Walker; wings

apple-green, crossed by an oblique tricoloured stripe from

the costal margin near the apex of primaries to the

external third of abdominal margin of secondaries ; this

stripe is golden green internally, yellow in the centre,

and pure white externally; a black dot at the end of

each cell; fringe yellowish green at base, and tipped

with white, the central line being apple-green ; primaries

with a second stripe at basal third transverse, golden

ereen externally, and yellow (narrowly edged with white)

internally ; costal border snow-white, the extreme mar-

gin barred with red-brown ; body white, collar yellowish,

tegule green ; primaries below pale apple-green, crossed

obliquely by an ochreous line; a black dot at the end of

the cell; frmge and edge of costal border as above ;

secondaries green, washed with silvery white; body white;

expanse of wings, 1 inch.

Uricurituba, Rio Tapajos, 17th March, 1874.

Jopis, Hiibner.

28. Jodis opaca, 0. 8.

Deep apple-green ; wings crossed beyond the middle

by a nearly straight stripe, which does not reach the

costal margin of the primaries, its inner half testaceous,

its outer half greenish white ; fringe white, traversed by

a green line; primaries with a slender yellow costal

margin speckled with blackish; a black dot at the end

of the cell; an indistinct nearly straight stripe across

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 329

the basal third ; head, collar, and abdomen (excepting

at its base) yellow; a stripe across the vertex, the basal

joint of the antenne and their upper edge white ;

primaries below rather paler green than above ; a broad

discal slate-coloured belt, beginning at the upper radial

vein and expanding to the outer margin below the second

median branch ; an apical dot of the same colour ; base

of fringe and costal border yellowish; a black dot at the

end of the cell; secondaries shining greenish cream-

colour, crossed by two arched diffused green bands

enclosing subquadrate slate-coloured spots ; body below

pale creamy pink ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 8 lines.

Santarem, Rio Jutahi, 4th February, 1875. At light.

This beautiful species appears to come nearest to

** Nemoria”’ bryata of Felder.

TACHYPHYLE, n. ¢.

Allied to Jodis and Phyle; wings elongate-triangular,

the primaries being almost rectangled triangular, the

secondaries much prolonged at anal angle; head and

thorax large and robust; antenne rather short, pecti-

nated for about two-thirds of their length; palpi pro-

jecting slightly in front of the head ; legs compressed,

with rather short tibial spines; abdomen rather short,

scarcely longer than the thorax (not including the head).

Type, 7’. acuta.

29. Tachyphyle acuta, n. s.

Deep apple-green ; wings crossed beyond the middle

by an oblique creamy white stripe, from apex of primaries

to below the middle of the abdominal margin of

secondaries ; fringe white, with a dull greenish basal

line ; primaries with a black dot at the end of the cell ;

a faint indication of a transverse whitish line at about

the basal third; secondaries with yellowish abdominal

fringe ; vertex of head snow-white ; face and antenne

flesh-coloured ; collar yellow; thorax green; abdomen

yellow (possibly faded, or changed from green or white) ;

anus white; primaries below paler green than above,

becoming whitish towards the euter margin ; a black dot

at the end of the cell; secondaries sericeous greenish

white; legs flesh-coloured, the tibie spotted at both

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—parT II. (SEPT.) . 2x

330 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

extremities with black; body below white; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 1 line.

Rio Solimoes, near Santa Cruz, 7th December, 1874.

This singularly triangular species seems to be allied

to the Phalena pigraria of Sepp (Surin. Vlind. pl. 16).

Dyspreris, Hiibner.

30. Dyspteris mequaria.

Dyspteris inequaria, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 363, n. 571

(1857).

D. diminutaria, var., Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxii.

p- 558, n. 3 (1861). ;

Prainha, Rio Jurua, 1st and 7th November, 1874.

Evucrostis, HWiibner.

31. Hucrostis expulsata.

Eucrostis expulsata, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxi. p. 566,

n. 8 (1861).

Gaviao, Rio Jurua, 10th November, 1874.

Commpmna, Hiibner.

82. Comibena ocellata.

Phalena-Geometra ocellata, Stoll, BaP Cramer, p. 156,

pl. 34, fig. 9.

Rio Javary, 5th December, 1874.

Congeneric with C. bajularia and Racheospila margint-

plaga.

RacHEosPina, Guenée.

33. Racheospila miccularia.

Racheospila miccularia, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 874, n. 599

(1857).

Rio Jurua, 4° 40’ S., 66° 40° W., 20th October, 1874.

One much broken example of this rare species was

taken at light; it is quite new to the National collection.

APLODES, Guenée.

34. Aplodes malina, n. 8.

Nearly allied to A. mimosaria and glaucaria ; apple-

green ; wings above crossed by three undulated rosy white

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 381

lines, the first at basal two-fifths sinuous, the second and

third subparallel, angulated, the third submarginal,

broken up into spots and >-shaped lines; fringe with a

whitish basal line; antenne and crest silvery white ;

wings below greenish white ; body silvery white ; expanse

of wings, 7 lines.

Rio Jutahi, 27th January, 1875. At light.

A second specimen, apparently conspecific, though

faded white, was obtained at Pupunha, Rio Jurua, on the

1st November, 1874.

The following corrections should be made to this

family :—Geometra subvectaria, Walker, is Numia buxaria,

Guenée ; G. factaria is N. terebintharia, Guenée, and

G. difissa and subcelata are also species of Numa; G.

reciprocata, viridiluteata, dimissa, luteoviridata, and sub-

ignita are species of T'anaorhinus (of which G. confuciaria

is the type) ; Nemoria translucidaria, Herrich-Schiffer,

would be better placed in Amaurinia, but Thalassodes

diserta, Walk., which is the Amaurinia rubrolimbaria of

Guenée, should be referred to Thalera; Chlorochroma

congenita, Walker, is the female of his C. vertwmnaria

and = Omphax plantaria, Guenée ; C. externa, Walk., is

also a species of Omphax.

MECOCERIDA.

Mecoceras, Guenée.

85. Mecoceras nitocris.

Phalena-Geometra nitocris, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii.

p. 148; pl. 275, fig. a (1782).

Forest behind Arimanahy, 9th January; Lake Arapicu,

Rio Trombetas, 8rd March; Boa vista, Rio Purus, 12th

September, 1874 ; Manaos, 3rd January, 1875.

PALYAD.

OPHTHALMOPHORA, Guenée.

36. Ophthalmophora formosanta.

Phalena-Geometra formosanta, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii.

p- 92, pl. 247, fig. @ (1782).

Rio Negro, 4th July, 1874. Taken at light,

332 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

The examples from Santarem, placed by Walker under

this species, are referable to O. corinnaria of Guenée.

Curysocestis, Hubner.

37. Chrysocestis pecilmidia, 0. 8.

Allied to C. fimbriaria of Cramer, from which it differs

in having the external border of only half the width, and

consequently with only one submarginal series of

embossed cupreous spots; in C. jimbriaria these spots are

more silvery, and there is a second inner series of almost

confluent, but not embossed, silvery spots, which, when

looked at from the front, form a greyish brown band

limiting the external border; the present species is of

the same semitransparent pearly white colour, with

metallic golden costal border, orange external border

enclosing the submarginal cupreous spots, and white

fringe having a slightly plumbageous shot; antenne

golden testaceous ; below, the margins of the wings are

pale brassy yellow, the submarginal spots of the upper

surface being replaced by a series of dark grey spots ;

expanse of wings, 10 lines.

Amazons. (No exact locality or date given).

Walker confounded two examples of this moth (which

were received from Honduras) with Cramer’s species ; he

also described, as the C. institata of Stoll, five examples

of Berberodes conchylata of Guenée, at the same time

placing an example of C. institata among the specimens

referred to C. jfimbriaria, in which I think he was

probably not far out, since it is doubtful whether the two

forms are more than variations of one species.

Lastly, Walker’s C. bisignata is only the female of

Guenée’s “‘ Berberodes” gibbiferata which that author

ought to have separated as a distinct genus.

EPHYRIDA.

Numi, Guenée.

38. Numia ? flava, n. 8.

Gamboge-yellow ; wings with the external two-fifths

testaceous; a marginal series of grey spots; a zigzag

discal series of grey spots ; primaries with two testaceous

dots at the end of the cell; a dot in the cell and two on

the costal margin orange; palpi, back of head, and

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 333

collar washed with orange; abdomen buff-coloured ;

wings below darker than above, more uniform in colour-

ing, grey spots ill-defined; body below creamy yellow,

washed in front with orange; anterior tarsi blackish

above ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 1 line.

Rio Jurua, near the mouth, 16th November, 1874.

Notwithstanding its yellow, instead of green, colora-

tion, this seems to belong to the genus Numa.

Epuyra, Duponchel.

39. Hphyra rudimentaria.

Ephyra rudimentaria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 407, n. 657

(1857).

Teffé, 18th October, 1874. Taken at light.

M. Guenée says that the cellular marking is not

ocellated, but in Walker’s type, and in the example taken

by Dr. Trail, it is very distinctly pupillated with white.

40. Hphyra rubripennis, n.s.

Bright rust-red, washed with a tint of lake-red towards

the outer margin, and with lilacine on the costal border

of primaries ; the whole surface irrorated with minute

dark grey striations ; antenne grey; thorax washed with

lake-red ; under surface creamy pale buff; wings with a

rather broad dull rose-coloured external border; a

blackish dot at the end of each cell; expanse of wings,

113 lines.

South bank of Rio Negro, 16th June, 1874. At light.

Allied to E. proditata.

ANISODES, Gruenée.

41. Anisodes lateritiaria ?

Zonosoma lateritiaria, Herrich-Schaffer, Auss. Schmett.

pl. 59, fig. 882 (1850—58).

Ilha das Araras, 8rd June, 1874. At light.

The identification of this species must remain doubt-

ful until a similar example to that figured by Herrich-

Schiffer can be examined; the Venezuelan form there

represented appears to have dentated secondaries, and ©

the lines across the wings seem to be simply angulated,

3384 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

whereas in the Amazon form they are dentated; I am

however inclined to believe that the figure is incorrect in

the second character, from an examination of the Vene-

zuelan A. metaspilata, in which the lines, though

extremely indistinct, are unquestionably dentated; in

this form also the margin is not perfectly entire, though

less dentated than in Herrich-Schiffer’s figure ; however,

if the Amazon form be distinct from the Venezuelan one,

it may prove to be a variety of the following :—

42. Anisodes globaria ?

Anisodes globaria, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 417, n. 682

(1857).

Rio Jamunda, 11th April, 1874.

Here again it is impossible to be certain of my identi-

fication. M. Guenée mentions “une série subterminale

de points gris et de petits points termimaux a peine

visibles,’’ whereas Dr. Trail’s example has the usual

zigzag or dentated submarginal line instead of a series

of dots; the coloration of the head also seems decidedly

darker; still these differences in a variable genus may

very likely be individual, so tbat I think it would be

venturesome to describe the Amazon form as distinct ; it

is allied to ‘‘ Hpione ?’” roseigera of Walker.

43. Anisodes nodigera, n. 8.

Bright ochraceous; wings crossed by four dentate-

sinuate greyish brown stripes, and mottled with red-

brown ; a marginal series of black dots; primaries with

a greyish brown rounded spot, enclosing two blackish

elongated dots upon its inner half, near the outer margin

upon the radial interspaces ; a second but very indistinct

smaller greyish spot towards the external angle ; costal

border dusky; secondaries with a metallic knot-like

silver spot at the end of the cell; abdomen paler than

the thorax; wings below pale creamy yellowish ;

primaries with the markings as above, but of a dull

rose-colour ; secondaries with markings on the costal

and external areas also rose-coloured ; no trace of the

silver spot of the upper surface; expanse of wings,

1 inch 2 lines.

Pariti, Rio Purus, 5th October; Rio Jurua, 4° 40’ S.,

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 835

66° 40’ W., 29th October, 1874; Barreira branca, Rio

Jutahi, 8rd February, 1875.

This species and the two following bear considerable

resemblance to the nearly allied genus Synegia.

44, Amsodes nudaria.

Anisodes nudaria, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 417, n. 680

(1857).

Mouth of Rio Sapo, 14th December, 1874.

45. Anisodes coxaria.

Anisodes coxaria, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 416, n. 677

(1857).

Rio Negro, south bank, 16th June; Pupunhazinho,

Rio Jurua, 8th November ; Sao Antonio, Rio Javary, 8th

December, 1874.

46. Anisodes nebuligera, n. 8.

Seems allied to A. wrcearia; bright stramineous, irro-

rated with sienna-brown ; wings crossed by three slightly

arched and nearly equidistant dentate-sinuate grey lines ;

a large and almost marginal grey spot on the radial

interspaces of all the wings, and a marginal series of

black dots ; primaries with brownish grey costal border ;

the large submarginal grey spot bounded internally by

two dark brown dots; a small diffused greyish spot near

the margin towards external angle; two black dots at

the end of the cell, and one near the base of the sub-

median vein; secondaries with nearly the whole central

third up to the outer dentate-sinuate line occupied by a

grey nebula: two or three diffused greyish submarginal

spots ; a blackish diamond-shaped annulus at the end of

the cell; body creamy stramineous; under surface

creamy whitish, the inner lines of the upper surface

obsolete ; all the other markings violaceous ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 3 lines.

South bank of Rio Napo, 16th June, 1874.

47. Anisodes peculiaris, n. s.

Pale stramineous; wings with the external third

slightly sordid (pale testaceous) ; an irregularly zigzag,

336 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

slightly arched, pale rust-red line across the basal third,

a black dot at the end of each discoidal cell, and a

marginal series of minute black points ; primaries with

an irregularly bisinuated rust-red line just beyond the

middle, partly bounded externally by a rather broad semi-

circular grey fascia, which runs from the inner margin

to near the middle of the outer margin ; from this fascia

to the costa there is an indistinct greyish stripe bounded

internally by a zigzag rust-red line ; three blackish discal

spots on the submedian and first and second median

branches ; secondaries crossed by a sinuous discal series

of indistinct whitish dots bounded internally by rust-red

A-shaped markings; front of head and antenne grey-

brown; under surface pale creamy stramineous; the

primaries and the costal and external borders of the

secondaries sparsely speckled with black; a black dot

at the end of each cell, and a series, at the extremities of

the veins, upon the fringe; a slender black marginal

line and a well-defined rather broad irregular blackish

submarginal band ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 4 lines.

Rio Negro, 17th June, 1874.

The following alterations must be made in the

Ephyride :—Acidalia trigonata, Walker, seems to be an

Ephyra of the EH. albiocellaria group, but EHphyra?

strigulataria certainly does not belong to this genus, but

to Bargosa of Walker; and EH. leonaria is an Anisodes.

Anisodes imitaria, Walker (= A ? obrimaria), A. pustularia,

A. eumeleata, and A. hadassa should all be referred

to Synegia, although Iam doubtful whether M. Guenée

would not have done better by regarding the latter as a

section of Anisodes than by placing it in the next family :

Anisodes ? platycerata is a Drapetodes.

ACIDALIID.

Hyrta, Stephens.

48. Hyria pyraustaria ?

Hyria pyraustaria, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 429, n. 704

(1857).

Arapecu, Rio Trombetas, 4th March, 1874.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 337

Campocta, Guenée.

49. Cambogia contractata.

Cambogia contractata, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxii.

p- 671) me 10/4861). .

C. russearia var., Walker (nec Hubner), l.c., p. 669

(1861).

Amazons, 30th January, 1874.

50. Cambogia procurata.

Cambogia ? procurata, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxii.

Dp. OTe, H. 12 862).

Pedroso, Rio Purus, 25th September, 1874.

The Acidalia phorcaria of Guenée seems allied to this

species, and certainly looks quite out of place in Acidalia ;

A. expressaria of Walker is undoubtedly a Cambogia.

Actpauia, T'reitschke.

This name, having been originally applied to a section

of the Rhopalocerous genus Argynnis, will have to give

way to one or other of Hubner’s names ; but since I have

not at present time to devote to the determination of the

types of that author’s genera, I provisionally retain

Acidalia in accordance with general usage.

51. Acidalia eupitheciata.

Acidalia eupitheciata, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 461, n. 767

(1857).

Rio Jutahi, near Rio Curuem, 29th January, 1875.

52. Acidalia asopiata.

Acidalia asopiata, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 472, n. 798

(1857).

Rio Jurua, 5th and 7th November, 1874.

58. Acidalia stella, n.s.

' Bone-white ; wings crossed by four parallel undulated

equidistant grey lines, the outermost one indistinct, the

first and third dotted with blackish ; a marginal series

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART III. (SEPT.) 2y¥

338 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

of linear black dots ; a small white elongated transverse

spot at the end of each cell; antenne silvery ; under

surface paler than above and sericeous; expanse of

wings, 8 lines.

tio Jurua, 7th November, 1874.

This species appears to.be most nearly allied to A.

apparitaria, although, judging by description alone, one

might suppose it to come nearer to A. figurinata, Walker

(nec Guenée) = A. tactwrata, Walker, ex parte.

54. Acidalia amazonata.

Acidalia amazonata, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 508, n. 871

(1857).

Sao Antonio, Rio Javary, 6th December, 1874; Rio

Jutahi, 29th and 31st January, 1875.

55. Acidalia pulverea, un. 8.

Pearly white, sprinkled with brown atoms ; wings with

narrow irregular smoky-brown outer border, and a slender

black marginal line; fringe purplish slate-colour at the

base, but tipped with shining golden cupreous ; a very

irregular zigzag dusky externo-discal line, dotted with

black upon the nervures; a black dot at the end of each

discoidal cell, succeeded on the primaries and preceded

on the secondaries by an indistinctly dentate-sinuate

widely zigzag dusky line; primaries with the costal

border dark slaty grey; palpi, frons, collar, and pecti-

nations of antenne golden testaceous ; vertex and stem

of antennz snow-white; abdomen with a subterminal

abbreviated transverse black bar; under surface sordid

white ; markings indistinct; fringe shot with lilacine

pink; expanse of wings, 9 lines.

Urucaca and Gaviao, Rio Jurua, 9th and 10th Noy.,

1874.

This species appears to be most nearly allied to A.

expolitata of Guenée, to judge from his description, but I

have seen nothing like it in any collection.

56. Acidalia terminata ?

Acidalia terminata, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 488, n. 824

(1857).

Prainha, 14th November, 1873.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 339

57. Acidalia vinocinctata.

Acidalia vinocinctata, Guenée, Phal. i. p. 483, n. 826 ;

pl. 15, fig. 6 (1857).

Forest behind Arimanahy, 1st January, 1875.

58. Acidalia juruana, n. s.

Creamy white ; the centre of the wings sparsely irro-

rated with black scales ; primaries crossed just beyond

the middle by two interrupted olivaceous lines, approxi-

mated in the centre, but divergent at their extremities,

the outer line dotted with black, and immediately followed

on the median interspaces by an abbreviated litura and

a minute spot of the same colour; a barely visible

and very slender zigzag submarginal olivaceous line ;

secondaries crossed at basal third by a_ biundated

olivaceous line which does not reach the costa; a black

spot beyond it at the end of the cell; two closely approxi-

mated parallel olivaceous sinuated discal lines, the inner

one dotted with black ; a slightly irregular, very slender

and indistinct, submarginal line; margin dotted with

black towards the apex; front of head bronze-brown ;

antenne slightly brownish; under surface white, the

wings towards the base, and the body sordid ; expanse of

wings, 7 lines.

Rio Jurua, 7th November, 1874.

This little species appears to be allied to A. purata of

Guenée.

59. Acidalia calidata.

Acidalia ? calidata, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxvii.

p- 1599 (1862).

Braga, Rio Javary, 7th February ; Rio Madeira, 26th

May; Gaviao, Rio Jurua, 10th November, 1874; Boa-

ventura, Rio Jutahi, 24th January, 1875.

60. Acidalia stictopteris, n.s.

Primaries above lilacine-grey, washed with ferruginous,

irrorated with minute black scales, and crossed beyond

the cell by three iregular angulated indistinct grey

lines; a small grey spot at the end of the cell; a dot in

the cell, and a submarginal series black; fringe laky

brown ; secondaries rather small, sericeous whity brown,

340 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

becoming quite white towards the base; a marginal

series of black dots ; fringe clearer and more golden than

the body of the wing; thorax whitish ; abdomen greyish

brown; wings below shining grey, with marginal or

submarginal black dots as above; a black dot at the end

of each cell, and a curved grey line beyond it ; costa of

primaries reddish ochraceous; body cream-coloured ;

expanse of wings, 7 lines.

Barreira branca, Rio Jutahi, 8rd February, 1875. At

light.

Allied to Arrhostia elegantaria, H.-Sch.

SoMATINA, Guenée.

61. Somatina eburneata ?

Acidalia eburneata, Guenée, Phal. 1. p. 474, n. 801

(1857).

Pupunha and Urucaca, Rio Jurua, 1st and 9th Nov.,

1874.

If I have rightly identified this little species it must

be placed in Somatina, since it agrees in every structural

character, excepting in its slightly less acuminate

primaries, with S. anthophilata.

62. Somatina fervens, n. 8.

Pattern of the preceding species, but more strongly

marked ; pale pinky brownish, the external area densely

irrorated with ferruginous, especially between the discal

and submarginal lines, where the red-brown scaling forms

a defined but interrupted band; discal line dark brown,

irrecularly angulated; submarginal line widely sinuated,

undulated, blackish, with a pale external border; a

slender black marginal line formed of confluent fusiform

spots; primaries with ferruginous costal margin; an

ill-formed oblique ferruginous stripe at basal fourth; a

crinkled dark red-brown central line, its outer sinuations

filled in with the same colour; secondaries crossed just

before basal third by an oblique bracket-shaped red-brown

line; a dot of the same colour at the end of the cell;

head black, with the vertex and base of antennze cream-

coloured, remainder of antenne greyish brown ; thorax

and abdomen pale rosy brown; under surface sericeous

whity brown, with the fringe of all the wings and the

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 341

costa of the primaries yellowish; the latter wings with a

blackish spot at the end of the cell, and a curved

abbreviated blackish discal line running downwards from

the subcostal vein ; secondaries with the external area

faintly tinted with yellowish ; a brown dot at the end of

the cell; legs above slightly tinted with yellow ; expanse

of wings, 11 lines.

Rio Tapajos, 10th March; Rio Jurua, 7th and 10th

November, 1874; Rio Jutahi, 29th January, 1875.

Three specimens and a fragment of a fourth were

obtained at light ; in coloration it differs entirely from

S. eburneata, although very similar in pattern.

Macaria ? turturaria of Walker is referable to Soma-

tina.

After examining and comparing the genera Acidalia

(including several perfectly distinct genera), Timandra,

Ochodontia, &c., with the Macariide, I have come to the

conclusion that some of the species confounded together

under the generic name Macaria could be advan-

tageously referred to the present family under the generic

names proposed for them by Hubner, but ignored by

Guenée.

The type of Macaria is necessarily M. litwrata since

that is the sole species given by Curtis, but Geometra

alternata, Denis, and Phalena notata, Linn., are certainly

not congeneric with the insect, but agree in almost every

respect with Ochodontia sareptaria. The following species

are referable to Parasenna of Hiibner, to which genus

these two well-known European forms belong :—Macaria

emulataria, noptaria, discerptata, enotata, agnitaria (type

of the genus), clararia, approximaria, tectaria, emersaria,

shanghaisaria, and insistaria ; it is probable that many

other species unknown to me will fall into the same

genus, and if Ochodontia be still retained as a group of

Acidaliide, so close to Timandra that M. Guenée and

others would not separate it, 1 do not see how we can

place Parasemia in a distinct family ; if we do, we must

add to it Timandra aventiaria of India, which, although

it has the general aspect of a Timandra, is structurally

a Parasem.a, ‘

342 Mr. ¢.. Butler on the

Cauoruysanis,* JTiibner.

This genus may readily be distinguished from both

Acidalia and Timandra by the well-defined angulation of

the primaries.

63. Calothysanis pulcherrima, n. 8.

Wings above sap-green, crossed at about the basal

fourth by a slightly curved white stripe broadly bordered

with slaty grey ; a second white curved stripe edged with

grey internally, and bounded externally by a broad grey

discal band, which emits long dentate streaks along the

nervures to the outer margin: primaries with the first

two of these streaks (upon the last subcostal and

third median branches) blackish ; costa silvery white ;

secondaries with the first two discal dentate streaks

abbreviated but blackish, the third well defined, blackish,

and running to the angle of the wing at the extremity of

the third median branch; all the wings with a slender

black marginal line from the apex to the angle, and

with white fringes; body white; under surface pearly

white, with a grey indication of the discal band;

expanse of wings, 11 lines.

Prainha.

Only one example of this very distinct and beautiful

little species was obtained.

ParasEmiA, Hiibner.

64. Parasemia percisaria.

Macaria percisaria, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxiii. p. 918,

n. 80 (1861).

Santarem, Rio Jutahi, 4th February, 1875.

New to the collection of the British Museum ; it is

probably the same as P. gambarina of Cramer (pl. 371, 8),

of which moreover the irrufata of Guenée may be a

variety ; from Felder’s figure (pl. exxvil. 18) it differs

only in that the slaty grey coloration of the primaries

terminates obliquely at the external angle (as it does in

Cramev’s figure), and that there is no dusky band between

the ordinary lines on the secondaries.

* As amataria (Hiibner’s first species) has been referred to

Timandra, I shall regard imitaria as the type of his genus,

so trt—“‘CSDC;w

tae

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 343

65. Parasemia gigantata ?

Macaria gigantata, Guenée, Phal. u. p. 78, n. 1017

(1857).

Serpa, 13th February, 1875.

Very near to Semiothisa gentilata of Felder.

66. Parasemia distans, nN. 8.

Phalena notata (part), Cramer (nec Clerck), Pap. Exot.

iv. pl. 871, fig. @ (1782).

Prainha, 14th January, 1873.

As neither of Cramer’s figures represent Clerck’s

species they will both require to be renamed ; it is

possible, however, that the insect represented by fig.

may already have been described by Guenée, Walker,

Snellen, or Felder, and therefore, for the present, I pass

over it. Clerck’s figure (‘Icones,’ pl. 6, fig. 11), repre-

sents a white species crossed by three pale yellow stripes,

which commence in blackish spots along the costa of

primaries; the group of dark spots bounding the third

stripe on the primaries is not massed upon the lower

radial interspace, and the ground colour beyond this

stripe is equally white with the rest of the upper surface,

whereas in P. distans the wings are pale stramineous,

with the external area sordid or testaceous.

67. Parasemia subitaria.

Macaria subitaria, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxiii. p. 910,

n. 74 (1861).

Prainha, 14th November, 1878.

Azata, Walker.

68. Azata gambaria.

Semiothisa gambaria, Hubner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett.,

figs. 159, 160 (1818).

Rio Jurua, 7th November, 1874.

aan

344 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

Macrogonra, Herrich-Schiffer.

69. Macrogonia igniaria.

Macrogonia igniaria, Herrich-Schiffer, Auss. Schmett.

pl. 57, fig. 815 (1850—69).

Prainha, 17th December, 1873.

Nobody who had examined this striking species could

for a moment think that it was an Acidalia, as suggested

by Walker.

Zanciopreryx, Herrich-Schaffer.

70. Zanclopteryx aculeataria.

Zanclopteryx aculeataria, UHerrich-Schaffer, Auss.

Schmett. pl. 59, fig. 8330 (1850—69).

Gasmara uniferata, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxvi.

p- 1634 (1862).

Barreiras de Ouary, Rio Purus, 2nd October, 1874.

BERBERODES, Guenée.

71. Berberodes conchylata.

Berberodes conchylata, Guenée, Phal. 1. p. 17, n. 917,

pl. 12, fig. 9 (1857).

Chrysocestis institata, Walker (nec Stoll), Cat. Lep.

Het. xxii. p. 621 (1861).

Prainha, Rio Jurua, 5th November, 1874; Rio Jutahi,

5th February, 1875.

BaALLANTIOPHORA, N. g.

Allied to Berberodes, but with the outer margin of the

secondaries less angular; the disco-cellulars of the

primaries more transverse, so as to join the median vein

just before the emission of the second and third branches ;

the male with a thickened fringed purse-like swelling at

about the middle of the inner border of the primaries,

and the anal angle of the secondaries not curved upwards

like a shell, as in Berberodes, but flat. Type, Berberodes

gibliferata, Guenée.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 345

72. Ballantiophora gibbiferata.

Berberodes gibbiferata, Guenée, Phal. ii. p. 17, n. 918

(1857).

Chrysocestis bisignata, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxii.

p. 621, n. 3 (1861).

Prainha, 14th November, 1873.

73. Ballantiophora lanaris, n. 8.

Chalky white; wings crossed by three subparallel

series of pale yellow spots, the first series not ex-

tending into the secondaries, and only consisting of

two widely separated spots; external border grey, with a

marginal series of conspicuous black spots; fringe

pale pinky brown; primaries with the costal border

stramineous, streaked with shining leaden black ;

secondaries with the anal half of the abdominal margin

broadly fringed with woolly hair; head clay-coloured ;

under surface sordid white ; wings with brown external

border ; expanse of wings, 10 lines.

Rio Taruma, Rio Negro, 31st July, 1874.

MICRONIIDA.

I am satisfied that the following genera ought not to be

referred to this family, but as they have been placed here

it will be better not to disturb them until their true

affinities can be satisfactorily made out.

Nepusta, Hubner.

74. Nedusia metachromata.

Erosia metachromata, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxiii.

p. 835, n. 2 (1861).

Amazons. No exact locality or date given.

Scuipax, Hiibner.

75. Schidax squammaria.

Schidax squammaria, Hiibner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett.,

figs. 161, 162 (1818).

Serpa, 18th February, 1875.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART III. (SEPT.) 2Z

346 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

Menpa, Walker.

To this genus the so-called ‘‘ Molybdophora”’ concinnu-

laria of Herrich-Schiffer must be referred, as also the

** Nadagara” nigripalparia of Walker. What Guenée

associated M. concinnaria and the concinnularia of

Herrich-Schiiffer together for, | cannot at all comprehend ;

certainly not for any similarity either of form or colora-

tion; and as for the hyphinoé of Cramer, I can second his

remark, ‘‘Je ne suppose pas qu’ Hyphinoé, Cram., 357

G,H, puisse se placer ici,” inasmuch as that species, of

which Dr. Trail took no less than eighteen specimens, is

a Deltoid referable to Walker’s genus Gaala, and nearly

allied to his Rethma.

It is a singular fact that M. Guenée’s remark did not

deter Mr. Walker from placing the Phalena hyphinoé of

Cramer under Molybdophora, nor from regarding Rethma

as a genus of Geometrites.

76. Menda cinerea, n.s.

Form of M. nigripalparia ; silvery ash-grey, crossed in

the centre by two darker grey stripes, the inner one nearly

straight, the outer one undulated ; a discal series of sub-

confluent white lunules ; primaries with blackish costal

margin; body immaculate ; head dusky ; under surface

uniform silvery grey, without markings; expanse of wings,

1 inch 5 lines.

Rio Jurua, 2nd November, 1874.

MACARITIDA.

Macaria, Curtis.

77. Macaria infimata.

Macaria infimata, Guenée, Phal. ii. p. 81, n. 1041

(1857).

Below Tabatinga, 28th November, 1874.

78. Macaria peltigerata.

Macaria peltigerata, Guenée, Phal. ii. p. 79, n. 1088

(1857).

Rio Jurua, in the forest, 7th and 8th November, 1874.

Apparently not a rare species,

Lepidoptera of the Amuzons. 347

79. Mucaria cometifera, n. s.

Allied to M. pernicata, Guenée (which we have recently

obtained from Rio Janeiro), distinctly smaller, and

different in pattern ; wings white, mottled with greyish

brown, the nervures and fringes pale stramineous; wings

crossed by three greyish brown lines, the first two

approximated, undulated, incurved at costal margin of

primaries, the first obsolete upon the secondaries ; third

line slightly undulated and transverse on the primaries,

dentate-sinuate and arched on the secondaries, bounding

a greyish discal band, which is limited externally by a

less distinct undulated submarginal line, a slender black

marginal line, two grey lines on the fringe; primaries

with two black discal dots, one above the other, followed

by two fusiform silvery white spots; body greyish ;

under surface washed with yellow, excepting upon the

external border ; discal band rather reddish; expanse of

wings, 11 lines.

Uraria Channel, 8th May, 1874.

Kurtropa, Hiibner.

80. Hutropa? columbaris, n. s.

Flesh-coloured ; wings crossed by three greyish brown

lines, the innermost one slightly sinuous, wanting on

the secondaries, the second, which is placed just beyond

the middle, very irregularly sinuated; the third flecked

here and there with black, parallel to the second, and

limiting the external border, which is of a slightly paler

greyish brown colour; vertex of head greyish; under

surface much more pink in tint, the innermost line

absent, the second line more strongly defined, and the

third line merged in a very irregular grey submarginal

band ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 5 lines.

Serpa, 21st April, 1874.

This species seems to be allied to H. distribuaria of

Hiibner, although the banding of the wings is far more

_ simple; as to whether the genus is rightly referred to

the Macarude, I must leave to future investigation to

decide.

Before leaving the Macariide, | may mention that

the following species placed in Macaria are referable

348 Mr. A. G. Butler on the

to the genus Semiothisa (regarding as type of that genus

the S. fasciata of Fabricius) :—Macaria eleonora, Cramer

=8. fasciata, M. nora, Walker, M. neonora, Walker,

M. xanthonora, Walker, M. myandaria, Walker, and

perhaps M. elvirata of Guenée, and Azelina metagonaria

(which are probably conspecific).

M. bisignata, Walker (which has no character in

common with Packard’s Semiothisa bisignata), 1s appa-

rently a Molybdophora, although the want of Hubner’s

M. concinnaria unfortunately prevents my comparing

the neuration, and, consequently, I can only be guided

by similarity of form. The Semiothisa divergentata ot

Snellen appears to me to be much more like some of

the forms associated under Acidalia, although in some

respects it is more like some of the species associated

under T'ephrina, such as 7’. divisaria, deerraria, &¢.; to

the latter group I shall provisionally refer it and a

nearly-allied species, which I here describe :—

FIDONIIDA.

TEPHRINA, Guenée.

81. Tephrina lucinda, u. s.

Nearly allied to 7’. divergentata* ; smaller; upper

surface very pale stramineous, almost cream-colour ;

wings speckled with dark brown, and crossed in the

central area by two subparallel slender dark brown lines,

beyond which the ground colour is more densely speckled

and yellower; a very slender black marginal line ;

primaries with a third very irregular brown line near

the base, and a black spot on the second median inter-

space; under surface brighter in colour, yellower; an

arched bisinuate brown line beyond the outer or discal

line on all the wings; also two black spots beyond this

line ; otherwise as above; the outer margin angulated

slightly at the third median branch ; expanse of wings,

11—13 lines.

Serpa, 13th February, 1875.

* See Felder, Reise der Nov., Lep. v. pl. exxviii. figs. 22, 22a.

Lepidoptera of the Amazons. 349

LARENTIIDA.

ScorDYLia, Guenée.

82. Scordylia? basaliaria.

Scordylia basaliaria, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. XXIV.

p. 1280, n. 15 (1862).

Teffé, in the forest, 19th October, 1874.

Two or three other minute Geometrites were obtained,

but in so worn and broken a condition as to be unrecog-

nisable ; they seem to be very small species of Cambogia,

Hyria, and Acidalia.

(i aod \.)

XX. Notes on new or interesting species of Papilionide

and Pieride, collected by Mr. Buckley in Lastern

Ecuador. By W. F. Kirsy.

[Read July 6th, 1881. |

Some months ago Mr. Henley Grose Smith placed in my

hands a portion of the fine collection of butterflies

collected by Mr. Buckley in Ecuador. It was originally

intended to publish a list of all the species obtained,

but pressure of other work prevented me from completing

it; and I now, by permission of Mr. Smith, lay before

the Society the notes which I made on the more in-

teresting Papilionide and Pieride. The types of the

new species are in the collection of Mr. Smith. I am

indebted to Mr. Buckley for notes on localities, &c.

Papilio Euterpinus, Salv. & Godm.

P. Euterpinus, Salv. & Godm., Ann. Nat. Hist. (4), ii.

p. 150, n. 24 (1868) ; Hew., Exot. Butt. iv. Pap.,

pl. x., fig. 81 (1869).

Mr. Buckley was too late for this species, and only

met with worn females. They are brown, with the cell

and a wide band between it and the imner margin

ochreous-yellow. As far as I can judge from the con-

dition of the specimens, it does not quite extend to the

hind margin, nor to the anal vein; much less to the

inner margin.

Inhabits moist places at a high elevation. Chiquinda.

Papilio Lacydes, Hew.

P. Lacydes, Hew., Equat. Lep. 1. p. 1 (1869). ,

P. Erithalion, aberr. Equestris, Oberthiir, Etudes

Ent. iv. p. 88, pl. v., fig. 2 (1880).

Several specimens of this little-known species. The

insect which I describe below is supposed to be the

male.

TRANS, ENT. Soc, 1881.—paRr Ill. (SEPT.)

352 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s notes on new or

Black, with a large dull green spot on the inner

margin, of a long narrow pear-shape, the thin end

directed towards the base; hind wings with white in-

cisions, and with three scarlet spots shot with violet, not

close to the anal angle; the outermost is round, and the

others larger, and oval. Under side black ; base spotted

with red, and a red belt near the extremity of the abdo-

men. Hind wings with five spots, the two outermost

pale pink and slightly oval, the fifth of the same colour,

but merely indicated; the two nearest the anal angle

white, and smaller than the two outer ones.

Sarayacu and Chiquinda.

Papilio Virginia, n. 8.

Allied to P. Lacydes, Hew.

Expands 83 inches. Dark brown; fore wings with a

broad white band crossing the end of the cell, the lower

angle of which it touches, and then widening outwards

towards the middle of the inner margin, which, however,

it does not reach. Hind wings with white incisions. and a

row of seven white transverse spots; spots four to six

more oval and larger than the others, but spot five much

the largest; spot seven at the anal angle, wide, and

tinged below with rose-colour. Under side similar, but

paler, and spotted with red at the base ; the anal spot on

the hind wings divided into two, the first red and white,

and the second red.

Banks of the Copataza River, which flows into the

Pastaza River.

Papilio Charoba, n. 8.

Expands 33 inches. Black; fore wings with a suffused

yellowish white band running from the inner margin

parallel with the hind margin for half the breadth of the

wing. The upper portion is narrowed, and greenish.

Hind wings with five oval scarlet spots running from the

anal angle; inner margin narrowly edged with scarlet ;

incisions white. Under side paler, base spotted with

red; band of the fore wings reduced to two white spots,

and an indistinct suffusion beyond ; hind wings with five

small pale pink spots.

Allied to P. Cyamon, Gray, but the pale band of the

fore wings is shorter, broader, and less sharply defined ;

interesting species of Papilionide and Picride. 358

and P. Cyamon has four spots on the hind wings above

and six below, instead of five on both surfaces.

Pastazza River.

Papilio Chinsiades, Westw.

P. Chinsiades, Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1872,

p- 101, pl. v., figs. 4, 5.

Rather smaller than in the figure, and with an

additional spot on the hind wings, making two rows

of three each.

Sarayacu, &ce.

Papilio Drucei, Butl.

P. Drucei, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 434,

pl. vic; Hg: 2:

The green band of the fore wings is broader than in

the type. In one specimen it is marked with a white

spot, which reappears on the under surface.

Woods and banks of streams, Canelos.

Papilio Cutora, Gray.

P. Cutora, Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 58, pl. x.*,

fig. 6 (1882).

P. Vertumnus, var. Cutora, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soe.

Lond. (2), vol. 5, p. 440 (1861).

The male differs from the type, but agrees with the

variety mentioned by Bates, in the spots of the under

surface of the hind wings being yellow instead of red.

The red spot of the upper surface is smaller than in

Gray’s figure; and the green spot of the fore wings

is also smaller and not marked with white.

Common everywhere.

Papilio Xeniades, Hew.

P. Xeniades, Hew., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (8), vol. 5,

p. 561 (1867); Exot. Butt. iv. Pap) pl. “ix;

fig. 26 (1868).

Varies considerably in size, and in the number of

spots on the hind wings. There are sometimes only

TRANS. ENT. §0C. 1881.—PaRT UI. (SEPT.) BA

354 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s notes on new or

two, and sometimes three, four, five, or six. This insect

is hardly distinct from P. Gay, Lue.

River Topo.

Papilio Isidorus, Doubl.

P. Isidorus, Doubl., Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. xviii. p. 375

(1846) ; Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. 1. p. 68, pl. vii.

fig. 4 (1852).

The red spots are a little smaller than in Gray’s

figure.

Common everywhere.

Archonias Colla, Doubl.

Euterpe Colla, Doubl., Ann. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 188

(1847).

E. Philais, Felder, is perhaps the same species.

St. Inez.

Archonias Suadela, Hopft.

Luterpe Suadela, Hopff., Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1874, p. 829 ;

1879; p--b.

Stands in Mr. Hewitson’s collection as H. Pinava,

Doubl.

St. Inez.

Archonias Chelidonis, Hopf.

Euterpe Chelidonis, Hopff., Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1874,

p- 330; 1879, p. 58.

Stands in Mr. Hewitson’s collection as L. Zara, Boisd.,

which appears to bea MS. name.

St. Inez.

Archonias Ewrytele, Hew.

Euterpe Eurytele, Hew., Exot. Butt. i. Hut. and Lept.,

pl. i. fig. 1 (1852).

Much larger than the type.

Always found near rivers, on wet sand or shingle,

Canelos, &e.

Dismorphia Leonora, Hew.

Leptalis Leonora, Hew., Equat. Lep. p. 7 (1869) ; Exot.

Butt. iv. Lep., pl. vi. figs. 89—41 (1870).

interesting species of Papilionde and Pieride. 355

A variety with the black border of the hind wings

ceasing abruptly about the middle of the hind margin.

Found on a muddy path between St. Inez and the

Topo.

Dismorphia Hewitsonv, n. 8.

Expands 2 inches 4 lines—2 inches 8 lines.

Allied to D. Rhetes, Hew., which Mr. Hewitson de-

scribed and figured from a Colombian specimen in

Boisduval’s collection, but which is represented in his

own by the present species.

Fore wings black; a large irrecular lilac band runs

from the base, divided into three by the nervures ; the

first long and narrow, running along the lower side of

the discoidal cell; the second forms an obtuse-angled

triangle, starting with the first from the base, and

ceasing at about one-third of the length of the last,

which fills up nearly the whole space between the second

and third median nervules, but is narrowed above

beyond the middle, and ends in a point before quite

reaching the hind margin; below it are two smaller long

spots near the hind margin. On the costa is a white

spot before the end of the cell, beyond and below which

is a band of two white and two lilac increasing spots,

only separated by the veins ; beyond this is another row

of five smaller white spots, beginning with two connected

ones on the costa; the rest well separated. Hind wings

bluish hyaline, with a black indented border ; the cell

filled up with rufous-brown, edged with blackish below ;

the wing beyond is whiter, and stained with rufous.

Under surface tawny brown; fore wings bluish white

below the middle of the cell, and the same colour curves

round its extremity. A large bluish white spot on the

costa before the end of the cell; the outer row of five

spots is also present, and there are two more at the

extremity of the wing; hind wings silvery white ; costa

fawn-colour ; cell fawn-colour, edged on both sides with

black, and the upper black stripe running to the sub-

costal nervure in a right angle at its extremity ; border

of the wings fawn-colour, edged below with blackish,

which runs triangularly upwards towards the extremity

of the cell; tip with three small white spots. Female

similar ; cell of the hind wings black, edged with lilac-

white ; under surface with the hind wing cell only

356 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s notes on new or

edged with black above, and with a short fawn-coloured

band instead of a black one running from its extremity

to the costa.

Chiquinda.

Dismorphia Medora, Doubl.

Leptalis Medora, Doubl., Ann. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 420

(1844) ; Doubl. & Hew., Gen. D. Lep. pl. v. fig. 4

(1847).

Appears to be a somewhat variable species.

Banos, at the foot of Mount Tungaragua.

Dismorphia Hyposticta, Feld.

Leptalis Hyposticta, Feld., Wien. Ent. Mon. v. p. 77,

n. 20 (1861) ; Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 142, pl. xxii.

f. 7, 8 (1865).

3. Fore wings black, with an irregular yellow band

divided into four spots by the nervures crossing the end

of the cell, one onthe costa, one within, and one beyond

the cell, and the fourth below; three yellow dots nearer

the tip, and a yellow stripe on the hind margin. Hind

wings pale yellow, with a decreasing black border, in-

dented on the inner side, and ceasing at the outer angle

of the wing. Under side of fore wings greenish white ;

costa with a longitudinal rusty streak at base of costa,

an irregular blotch of the same colour on the costa at

the end of the cell; and the nervules on the hind margin

suffused with rust-colour, and spotted with yellow be-

tween. Under side of hind wings as in the female.

Valley of Curarai.

Dismorphia Arcadia, Feld.

Leptalis Arcadia, Feld., Wien. Ent. Mon. vi. p. 410

(1862) ; Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 141, pl. xxii. figs.

1—8 (1865).

Several specimens, varying considerably among them-

selves, but none agreeing exactly with Felder’s figures.

Mapoto, between Banos and St. Inez.

interesting species of Papilionide and Pieride. 857

Dismorphia Ela, Hew.

Leptalis Ela, Hew., Equat. Lep. p. 82 (1877).

The under side of the hind wings varies considerably ;

sometimes there is a reddish line within the black white-

spotted border; sometimes a yellow one, joining the

yellow stripe on the costa; and sometimes there is no

pale stripe at all. .

Canelos.

Dismorphia Orise, Boisd.

Leptalis Orise, Boisd., Sp. Gen. i. p. 415 (1836) ; Hew.,

Exot. Butt. ii. Lep., pl. 2, f. 10, 11 (1857).

Several specimens in woods on mountain sides. Grana-

dillas.

Pieris Imperator, un. s.

Expands 83 inches. Allied to P. Phaloe, Godt.

White ; fore wings with a black spot at the end of the

cell, and the tip black, as far as the outer third of the

costa, and to beyond the middle of the hind margin ; the

extremities of all the nervules black, and the neighbour-

hood of the lower ones speckled with dusky on the hind

wings; under surface of fore wings with the costa ashy,

and the apical spot ashy, and not extending along the

hind margin; hind wings beneath pearly white; costa

orange at the base; all the veins black, and with

black lines running between them; a black band

formed chiefly of dark scaling runs along the subcostal

and first subcostal nervures from the base to the hind

margin, and a broad lunule of similar character rests its

upper and outer portion on the extremity of the dis-

coidal cell.

The only species of this group of Pieris met with.

River banks, Copataza ; also inhabits Bolivia.

Pieris Smithii, n.s.

Expands 1 inch 10 lines.

Sulphur-yellow, base dusted with black; costa black

as far as the end of the cell, the colour extending over

the upper half of the cell. Beyond this the costa is

very narrowly edged with black till it meets the black

border, which is deeply excavated opposite the cell, and

3858 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s notes on Papilionide, ce.

grows very narrow towards the anal angle, at which it

ceases. Hind wings with black dots at the ends of the

nervules, above and below. Under side of fore wings

yellowish ; the tip, as well as the hind wings, pearly

white ; cell of the hind wings broad, terminating in two

black angular marks.

Allied to P. Eleone, from which it differs in the form of

the band.

Flying about the sulphur spring at Banos.

Colias Dinora, n. 8.

Expands 1 inch 8 lines.

Curiously resembles C. Hyale, and also C. Dimera, var.

Semperi, Reak ; figured by Strecker, Lep. pl. iv. fig. 4.

Pale yellow; fore wings with a black spot at the end

of the cell, and with a decreasing black border, indented

on the inside, and marked with a row of four nearly con-

tinuous yellow spots, preceded by a yellow streak on the

costa nearer the base. Hind wings with a narrow black

border, not extending beyond the middle of the hind

margin. All the fringes rosy, as well as the head,

antenne, and legs. Under surface: fore wings with the

black spot centred with white, and with a row of in-

distinct reddish spots nearer the hind margin; hind

wings with a similar row of spots, but more distinct, and

with a silvery spot surrounded with reddish at the end of

the cell; there is also a reddish basal streak running

along the lower side of the discoidal cell for half its

length.

Found just below Chimborazo.

( 3859 )

XXI. On the larva of Nycteribia. By Baron R.

OsTEN-SACKEN.

[Read July 6th, 1881.]

Piatt XVI.

TurovueuH the kindness of Mr. Alois Humbert, of Geneva,

I came in possession lately of a statement concerning a

direct observation on the oviposition of Nycteribia, and,

not being aware of the existence, in print, of a similar

statement, I deem it worth while to communicate this

note. Our present knowledge on the subject of the

development of Nycteribia is confined, as far as I know,

to Professor Westwood’s observations, recorded in the

earliest monograph of that genus (Trans. Zool. Soc.

1835, p. 283). In order to disprove Latreille’s supposi-

tion, that insects of this genus grow, like spiders or lice,

Professor Westwood extracted a Nycteribia in the pupa

state from the body of the mother insect, and thus

showed that its development was similar to that of

Hippobosca. He also gave three figures of the puparium.

The next and only other statement which I can find on

this subject is that of Kolenati (Hore Entom. Ross. i.

26, 1862), who says:—‘‘The freshly-laid pupe of

Nycterihia are bluish, and assume afterwards the shape

of brown, barrel-shaped puparia; an opercule bursts

open when the imago is ready to escape. I have myself

found such puparia in the fur of Vespertilios ; they were

fastened near the base of the hairs, and had the oper-

cules still attached.” It would appear from Kolenati’s

wording that he merely saw the dry puparia, and that

the bluish colour of the freshly-laid ones was recorded by

somebody else ; but I have failed to discover his source of

information. The same statement about the colour of

the freshly-laid pupa is found verbatim in Kolenati’s

earlier work (‘Die Parasiten der Chiropteren,’ 1856,

p- 33), but refers in this case to the Pupipara in general,

not to Nycteribia in particular. Dufour’s papers are

quoted (Ann. Se. Nat., 1881 and 1845) ; but these contain

nothing about the pupa of Nycteribia.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1881.—PART Ill. (SEPT.)

360 Baron R. Osten-Sacken on the

The new observation above referred to was made by

Mr. Humbert during his travels in Ceylon in 1859, and

he kindly permitted me to make use of the note and

sketches which he took down on the spot about it, and of

which I give the translation.

** Nycteribia. Taken on a young Pteropus Leschenaultit ;

Trincomali, May 80, 1859. ‘Two of these insects, placed

in a glass tube, laid puparia, which, at first, had the

appearance of a transparent jelly ; a few minutes later

they began to assume a blackish hue (that of pale ink),

especially along the borders; gradually the colour

became darker, and on the following day these bodies

were perfectly black, at least on the upper side (fig. a, 0).

The under side, fastened to the glass, remained more

transparent. The shape of these puparia was nearly

oval, the upper side convex (fig. e). This upper side

shows, about its middle, two stigmata (fig. d) ; at one of

the extremities of the body I thought I perceived another

stigmatic opening ; however, [am not able to affirm it

positively, because the vision through the curvature of

the glass was not quite distinct. The upper side was

finely marked with undulating striew (like the skin of

certain Arachnide). On the under side (fig. f), through

the transparent skin, rudiments of limbs were visible,

subject all the time to a movement of contraction,

resembling a vermicular motion. A light-coloured line

in the middle was marked on both sides with some elon-

gated dark spots.”

In the foregoing, the object laid by the mother-fly was

called by me pupa or puparium, according to the accepted

usage, although, as Prof. Leuckhart (‘ Die Fortpflanzung

und Entwickelung der Pupiparen,’ Halle, 1858), has

shown, it is in reality the mature larva, which only later

becomes a pupa.

Mr. Humbert’s data (sketches and description) about

the larva of Nycteribia show the following differences

from the figures of the larva of Melophagus, published

by Prof. Leuckhart (J. ¢. ii. f. 2, 3) :—1. The outline of the

larva of Nycterabia is oval, the anterior end of which

is largest; the outline of the larva of Melophagus is

a regular ellipse. 2. The larva of Nycteribia does not

show the nipple-shaped projection representing the head

of the larva of Melophagus. 38. The larva of Melophagus

has, at the end of the body, three pairs of stigmata, pro-

tected by a horny plate or armature ; there is nothing

larva of Nycteribia. 361

like the stigmatical openings in the middle of the body,

on its dorsal side, as described by Mr. Humbert in the

larva of Nycteribia. 4. Finally, it would appear, both

from the sketches and the descriptions, that the develop-

ment of the limbs of the future insect was further

advanced in the larva of Nycteribia, at the moment of its

parturition, than in the larva of Melophagus, at the

corresponding stage of its existence.

It would be unfair to push further the scrutiny of Mr.

Humbert’s sketch, jotted down on the spot without pre-

meditation, and to which he attached so little importance

that it remained more than twenty years in his portfolio.

Still there is enough prima facie evidence to show that

the larvee of Nycteribia differ very materially from those

of other Pupipara, and would repay further study.

EXPLANATION oF PuateE XVI.

Fies. a, 6. Adult larva of Nycteribia. Upper side.

Fig. c. PA “4 = Natural size.

ae as = 5 Upper side, showing

stigmata.

9 Gs 9 2 rs Transverse section.

» J ” 9 Ay Under side.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PART III. (SEPT.) 3B

ates wees Taam

ib sy, Lee oe avi ven

¢ooor)

XXII. Note Dipterologice. No. 5.—Descriptions of new

species of Heaxotic Tipulide, with an annotated

summary of species belonging to the same family,

previously described. By J. O. WxEstwoop, M.A.,

H, Li:8,, es

[Read November 8rd, 1880.]

On previous occasions I have read before this Society

descriptions of various new species of dipterous insects

belonging to the family Tipulide, and have also pub-

lished descriptions of others in various works, some of

which are not easily accessible to the student. Having

been applied to for copies of these latter descriptions,

which I have not been able to procure, I have thought it

desirable to bring together all the exotic species of this

family which I have hitherto published, republishing the

descriptions with notes upon such as have been sub-

sequently commented upon by dipterologists. Of the

species, however, published in our ‘Transactions,’ I

have only thought it necessary to give the proper

bibliographical references.

The following is a list of the species described or

referred to in the following pages :—

Mongoma fragillima. Megistocera dimidiata.

Dapanoptera plenipennis. Caloptera Nepalensis.

Sigmatomera Amazonica. Cerozodia interrupta.

Eriocera lunata. Ozodicera gracilis.

Gynoplistia vilis. is longipedalis.

- cyanea. Ptilogyna ramicornis.

5s bella. Bittacomorpha clavipes.

is annulata. Semnotes imperatoria.

A punctipennis. S ducalis.

sf Wakefieldii. Tipula Brobdignagia.

Limnobiorhynchus Brasiliensis, », Mikado.

female. Limnobia Satsuma.

Geranomyia Brasiliensis, male. Libnotes Thwaitesiana.

Canadensis. Platyura (Platyroptilon) Miersii.

Asthenia fasciata. Culex alternans.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT UI. (SEPT.)

364 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions of

Monaoma, n. g.

Corpus elongatum gracillimum, abdomine filiformi.

Caput parvum collo tenui, thoraci affixum. Palpi

parvi capite breviores. Antenne gracillime 16-articu-

late setis instruct, articulo 1mo ovali crassiori, 2ndo

brevissimo; 8tio, 4to, et 5to longitudine 1mi fere

wequalibus et sequentibus crassioribus, 6to et reliquis

pergracilibus et fere zqualibus. Thorax parvus ovalis

antice compressus. Ale elongate, anguste, vena 2nda

paullo ante medium vene Ime emissa, et prope apicem

ejus venula obliqua connexa; pone hance venulam

furcata, parte superiori furce obliqua et costam inter

apicem vene Ime et apicem ale attingente; parte

inferiori furce ad apicem ale extensa; cellula discoidali

extus venas 4 emittenti duabus intermediis brevioribus

et subeque longis; basi cellule cum vena recurrenti

continua; vena 5ta apice obliqua et apicem vene 6tx

conjuncta in marginem posticum ale. Pedes longissimi

eracillimi; femoribus anticis supra spinulis duabus,

extus directis, haud longe pone caput armatis; tibiis

apice ecalcaratis. Tarsi unguibus elongatis acutis

parum curvatis et prope basin paullo dilatatis ; empo-

dium carentibus.

Mongoma fragillima. (Pl. XVIL., fig. 1).

Piceo-nigra, thorace dilutiori; alis parum infuscatis

pseudostigmate obscuriore; pedibus fuscis, geniculis,

tibiarum apice, tarsisque integris albis. Long. corp.

44 lin. Expans. alar. 83 lin. Long. ped. singul. 19 lin.

Hab. Mongoma Lobah, Africa tropicali. In Mus.

Hopeiano Oxonie (D. Hornimanno communicata).

I am indebted to the Baron Osten-Sacken for the

following notes on the relations of this singular little

species :—

““The systematic position of this species is very

puzzling, and I regret that I did not give it more

attention when you showed it to me. It is important to

know whether it has spurs at the tip of the tibiz and a

distinct empodium between the claws. If there are no

spurs, and the empodium is present, the species may

belong in the vicinity of my genus Hmpeda (Monogr.

N. Am. Dipt., vol. iv. p. 193). An important difference,

however, and a very striking character of your species,

new species of Exotic Tipulide. 365

consists in the contact of the second submarginal cell

with the discal, the consequence of which is that the

small or anterior cross vein is wanting. A similar

structure exists in the genus Paratropesa, Schiner

(Novara, p. 44, pl. u., fig. 2), and in a few other rare

instances in the family Tipulide. But your genus is

certainly not Paratropesa, because in that genus the

first longitudinal vein is remarkably short, and does not

reach much beyond the proximal end of the discal cell.

You would be justified, therefore, in describing it as a

new genus.”’

Dapanoprera, Osten-Sacken MS.

This genus has been proposed for several beautiful

species of gnats from New Guinea and Mysol, described

(without proper notice of their precise structural

peculiarities) by the late Mr. F. Walker under the

names of Limnobia latifascia (Proc. Linn. Soe. viii.

p- 104); ZL. auroratra* (Ibid. vii. p. 202); L. perdecora

(Ibid. v. p. 230); and ZL. plenipennis (Ibid. vii. p. 108,

New Guinea).

These species agree in the remarkable characters of

having the extremity of the first longitudinal vein

evanescent before reaching either the costa or the

extremity of the wing, which is marked shortly before the

apex, in some of the species at least, by a white opaque

transverse patch ; and it is at the proximate edge of this

patch that the first longitudinal vein suddenly ends.

I am indebted to the Baron Osten-Sacken for the

following notes on this insect :—

“In the paper which I am preparing on Exotic

Tipulide, 1 have established a new genus on Limnobia

plenipennis, Walk., from New Guinea, and three others

of Walker (all from New Guinea and Mysol). The

characters of the new genus are—the evanescence of the

tip of the first longitudinal vein, together with the cross

vein adjoining it; the presence of a cross vein in the

first posterior cell, together with the variegated colouring

of the wings. This genus is closely related to Limnobia

(sensu stricto), and will be called Dapanoptera (from

dapane = expense, luxury, profusion).”

* Altered to awroatra in Proc. Linn. Soc. ix. p. 7, the name

auroratra heing evidently a typographical lapsus.

366 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions of

Dapanoptera plenipennis. (Pl. XVIL., fig. 2).

Walker, l. c. supra (Limnolia plenipennis.)

The fore wing of this very remarkable species is

represented from a specimen from New Guinea, which

I purchased and which is now in the Hopeian Collection.

It has unfortunately the antenne broken; the thorax is

anteriorly very gibbose; the head small and affixed very

low; the tibiz have a very short slender spine at the

extremity ; the tarsi are destitute of an empodium ; the

extremity of the body is furnished with two rounded

lobes and two recurved acute bifid horny spines.

The singularly irregular posterior margin of the wing

is unique among dipterous insects, and it is strange that

Mr. Walker should not have recorded it. His description

of D. plenipennis is as follows :—

Male. Chestnut-colour, shining. Head, palpi, and

antenne, black. Thorax attenuated in front; pectus

testaceous in front. Abdomen short, dull ochraceous,

black towards the tip, very little longer than the thorax.

Legs brown, long, slender; coxe and femora testaceous,

the latter with brown tips. Wings cinereous; basal and

subapical parts pale luteous; three irregular blackish

stripes; first stripe costal terminated by a white trans-

versely-elongated blackish-bordered spot; second in-

cluding two elongated white spots and two white points,

beyond which there are two white blackish-bordered

dots; third paler and diffuse, including one elongated

white spot; a discal areolet, radial vein not forked;

first externo-medial vein not forked; no second externo-

medial vein; third externo-medial vein forked; one

veinlet between the third externo-medial vein and the

subanal vein, nearer than the discal areolet to the base

of the wing; halteres testaceous, with white knobs.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

SIGMATOMERA.

Osten-Sacken, Monogr. of N. Amer. Dipt., vol. iv.

j opel Sy it

Sigmatomera Amazonica, n.s. (Pl. XVIL., fig. 3).

Capite obscure fulvo, oculis magnis fere in medio

faciel conjunctis; palpis brevibus lutescentibus; an-

tennis nigris 15-articulatis, thorace plus duplo longi-

new species of Hxotic Tipulide. 367

oribus, setosis, articulis 8tio ad apicalem nodosis, nodo

apicem singuli articuli occupante, articulo sequenti in

dorsum lobi oblique insidente; articulis apicalibus sen-

sim gracilioribus; thorace nigro, halteribus flavis; ab-

domine maris elongato depresso setoso fulvo, apice fusco;

pedibus longis gracilibus, femoribus fulvis apice obscuri-

oribus, tibiis apice inermibus, tarsisque pallide fuscis; alis

pallide flavis, macula subbasali, fascia paullo pone medium

alz, apiceque fuscis ; cellulis duabus discum ale occupan-

tibus eque longis; cellula nulla vera discoidali. Long.

corp. 5 lin.; abdom. 34 lin. Expans. alar.11 lin. Long.

antenn. 4 lin.

Hab. Amazonia (Bates). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

The Baron Osten-Sacken has favoured me with the

following notes on this insect :—

‘“‘T would place this species, at least provisionally, inthe

genus Sigmatomera, the typical species of which S. jlavi-

pennis, from Mexico, is published in the Additions and

Corrections to Mon. N. Am. Dipt. vol. iv., which are placed

at the end of vol. ii1., because it appeared much later than

vol. iv. Your species has nearly the same venation as

Sigmatomera, only the discal cell is open, which is a

character of secondary importance only. Sigmatomera

has the same remarkably nodose antenne, although the

details of their structure are somewhat different. It has.

the same large, convex, approximate eyes, and, more

important than all, no spurs at the tip of the tibie.

This last character I hold to be a decisive proof of the

relationship, as well as of the systematic position of both

species. They belong to that small group of Tipulide

brevipalpt that have the characters and habitus of the

section Limnophilina, but no spurs at the tip of the

tibia, which gives them an artificial position in the

section Hriopterina. That your antenne count fifteen

joints, and not sixteen, the normal number, I look

upon as unimportant, as the last jomtis often a mere

rudiment.”

Ertocera, Macquart.

Eriocera lunata, n.s. (Pl. XVIIL., fig. 4.)

Affinis H. selene, Osten-Sacken, Enum. Dipt. Malayan

Archipel. p. 18.

Badia, thorace glabro nitido, abdomine luteo-brunneo,

antennis longissimis fuscescentibus articulis duobus

ian

368 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions of

basalibus luteis, ultimo (5to) preecedenti sextuplo longiori;

capite tuberculo magno antico supra basin antennarum

prominente ; pedibus lutescentibus; alis fuscis lunula

parva inter basin et medium, macula magna lunata

media (ad costam pone medium attenuata et interrupta)

maculaque altera subtrigona infra apicem, albis; ultima

striga oblique fusca in duas partes divisa. Long. corp.

unc. 4=4 lin. Expans. alar. 11 lin. Long. articuli 3ti

antennarum 2 lin.; 4ti 24 lin.; 5ti 12 lin.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie (olim nostr.);

The length and slenderness of the antenne, with the

spotted wings, render this insect extraordinary. The

large rounded tubercle on the front part of the head

appears to be natural. The antenne appear to be only

5-jointed; the third joint is thrice the length of the head

and first joint of the antenne, the terminal joint being

six times longer than the preceding joint; they are

extremely slender and very finely setose; the palpi are

not longer than the head; the tibie are armed at the

tip with a distinct acute spur; and the abdomen is

terminated by two horny elongated recurved appendages,

each with a short curved very acute spine. The second

longitudinal vein emits close to its base a short spur into

the disc of the wing, and the discal cell is nearly square,

and emits three equal veinlets at its outer margin.

I am indebted to the Baron Osten-Sacken for the

following notes on this genus :—

“This genus is closely allied to Anisomera, and, like

the latter, easily distinguished from all the Tipulide by

the abnormal number of antennal joints: usually six in

the male,* and about ten in the female. Lriocere are

numerously represented in the tropical regions of the

Old, and of the New, World. In North America

they are not rare in the temperate, and even in the

colder region, and reach as far north as Canada. In

Europe they are much more rare, and are represented by

two species only (genus Penthoptera, Schiner), which

occur, as far as I know, only in the south and south-east

* “No wonder that you do not perceive any articulations but

two in the long extremity of the antenna of this species. This

species should have six joints in the antenna; you make out five,

but it may be that the last joint is rudimental.’’-—Osten-Sacken,

in. litt., July 24th, 1880.

new species of Hxotic Tipulide. 369

of that part of the world. A small number of Hriocere

differ from the others in the enormous elongation of the

antenne of the male sex, in comparison to those of the

female. The geographical distribution of these latter

species is singular; among the large number of Hriocere

which I have seen, I have met with only four such

species from North America, three from the Indian

Archipelago, and two fossil ones included in Prussian

amber. The numerous Mriocere from Mexico, South

America, India, and China, which I have seen, all have

short antenne in both sexes. The species figured by

you is one of the three species of that group which occur

in the Indian Archipelago; the other two are LE. verticals,

Wied., from Java, and lv. atra, Doleschall, from Amboina.

The latter I have never seen, but have little doubt that

it belongs here, although described as a Megistocera.”

To the preceding Malayan species must be added

Eriocera morosa (Celebes) and FE. selene (Sumatra),

recently described by the Baron Osten-Sacken, from the

Genoa Museum. Enumeration Dipt. Malay. Archipel.,

p. 18.

GYNOPLISTIA.

Westw., in Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag., April, 1835,

p- 280.

Gynoplistes [nec Anoplistes|}, Westw., Zool. Journ.,

vol. v. (No. 20, September, 1835), p. 447.

Ctenophore affinis. Rostrum (vel clypeus) capite

brevius. Antenne capite multo longiores, in utroque

sexu supra pectinate, mas. 18- fem. 17-articulate.

Abdomen fem. depressum latum, apice acuminato,

oviductu exserto acuto. Alarum ven ut in Ctenophora

flaveolata disposite.

Sectio lma. Antenne maris graciles, singulo articu-

lorum 8—17 ramum longum gracilem superne emittente.

Gynoplistia vilis. (Pl. XVIIL., fig. 6, antenna).

Ctenophora vilis, Walker, Ent. Mag., 11. 469; Westw.,

Phil. Mag. ut supra (G. vilis).

Gynoplistes nervosa, Westw., Zool. Journ. v. 5, No. 20,

p- 447; plate xxii. figs. 10, 11.

3. Fusco-nigra; abdomine subrufescente margine

postico segmentorum pallido, apice (ano) obscuriore ;

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1881.—PART III. (SEPT.) 30

370 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions of

alis pallide fuscis, venis, macula parva antica centrali

alteraque pone medium obliqua nigris; pedibus fuscis,

femoribus basi pallidis. Long. corp. mas. 6 lin. Expans.

alar. 11 lin.

Hab. In Australasia. In Mus. nostr. (nunc in Mus.

Hopeiano Oxonie).

Gynoplistia cyanea.

Westw., in Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag., April, 1835,

p- 280.

Nigra, abdomine chalybeo purpureoque _ nitenti;

femoribus tibiisque ad basin minus obscuris; alis

obscure venosis costa maculisque duabus subcostalibus

fuscis ; fem. antennis mutilatis. Long. corp. 6 lin.

Hab. In Nova Hollandia. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie

(olim nostr.).

Obs. A Tipulideis omnibus colore metallico discrepat.

(Limnophila metallica, Schiner, Novara Dipt. p. 41,

from Sydney, appears to be very closely allied to this

species, but the description given by that author does

not mention the two subcostal brown spots of the wings. |

GYNOPLISTIA.

Sectio 2da. Corpus minus gracile. Antenne maris

paullo crassiores, singulo articulorum 38—14 ramum

supra emittente; articulo 15mo supra acute producto,

reliquis simplicibus. Antenne fem. articulis 3—11

ramum breviorem emittentibus, articulo 12mo sequenti-

bus crassiori, articulo 17mo. 16mo longiore, ovali.

Gynoplistia bella.

Ctenophora bella, Walker, Ent. Mag., u. 470; Westw.,

Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag., April, 1835, p. 280

(G. bella).

G. variegata, Westw., Zool. Journ. vol. v. No. 20,

p. 448; plate xxii., figs. 12, 13.

Nigra; abdomine (nisi apice), alarum femorum tibia-

rumque basi fulvis; alis pallidis apice fasciisque tribus

transversis nigris marginem posticum haud attingenti-

bus, antice et in medio ale lineis duabus nigris longi-

tudinalibus, una costali, altera centrali conjunctis.

new species of Exotic Tipulide. 371

Long. corp. maris 43 lin. ; fom. (oviductu incluso) 53 lin.

Expans. alar. maris 7 lin., foem. 11 lin.

Hab. In Australasia. In Mus. nostr. (nunc in Mus.

Hopeiano Oxoniz).

Gynoplistia annulata. (PI. XVIIL., fig. 7, antenna).

Westw., in Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag., April, 1835,

p. 280.

@. Nigra thorace coxisque lete fulvis; alis fuscis ;

abdomine sericeo subaurea obtecto ; tibiis annulo centrali

albo tarsisque basi fulvescentibus ; antennis foem. 17-

articulatis, articulis 3—9 ramum brevem obtusum emit-

tentibus, 10mo interne acute producto, reliquis simpli-

cibus [oviductu fem. longo acutissimo.| Long. corp.

5 lin. Expans. alar. 93 lin.

Hab. In America Septentrionali. In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxoniz.

The Baron Osten-Sacken (in Loew’s Mon. Dipt. North

Amer., part i., April, 1862), observes, with reference 0

Gynoplistia annulata, that as “ it is hardly probable that

an Australian genus should also be represented on the

continent of North America, it is to be presumed either

that the genus is different or that the statement is based

upon an error of locality.” He further adds (in litt., 18th

March, 1881), that ‘‘the white rings on the tibie of

Gynoplistia annulata are a character which belongs to all

the Ctenophore of South-Kastern Asia with which 1 am

acquainted.”

The label attached to the type specimen in the Oxford

Museum is in the handwriting of Mr. Hope, and is

clearly written N. A.

Gynoplistra punctipennis.

Westw., in Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1835, vol. iv. p. 682.

Capite et thorace cinereis ; hujus dorso fusco, augulis

humeralibus utrinque puncto nigricanti; abdomine fom.

obscure fusco, elongato, stylo rufescenti ; alis limpidis,

costa tenui, maculisque nonnullis parvis (ad conjunc-

tionem venarum transversarum) alteraque stigmaticali

majori fuscis ; pedibus longioribus subtestaceis ; femori-

bus tibiisque ad apicem fuscis, tarsorum articulis 2—4

albidis; antennis foom. fuscis, basi pallidioribus, 16 ?-

372 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions of

articulatis, articulis 8—8 interne acute productis vix

ramosis. Long. corp. 7 lin. Expans. alar. 12 lin.

Hab. Nova Hollandia. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie

(olim nostr.)

(G. Cloniophora, Schiner, Novara, Dipt., p. 40.]

Gynoplistia Wakefieldii. (Pl. XVIIL., fig. 5, and details).

Elongata gracilis, cinerascens, abdominis apice sub-

castaneo, capite parvo, antennis mediocribus, nigris,

maris 16-articulatis, articulo 3tio subtus dente brevi ar-

mato, 4to ad 13um singulo infra ramo gracili (ramis inter-

mediis longioribus), instructis ; tribus ultimis inermibus ;

foemine brevioribus etiam 16-articulatis, articulis 4—11

serratis. Rostrum breve, palpis rostro parum longi-

oribus crassis setosis; thorace antice utrinque macula

parva obscura, dorsoque vittis 4 nigricantibus, mesonoto

immaculato ; abdomine elongato, maris apice clavato ;

alis limpidis fusco-guttatis, gutta majori paullo ante

medium et versus costam ale, fasciaque abbreviata

obliqua inter medium et apicem ale; guttisque 4—6 in

area pobrachiali longitudinaliter dispositis ; pedibus graci-

libus longitudine mediocribus ; rufescenti plus minusve

tinctis; femoribus ante apicem annulo pallido notatis ;

abdomine foeminz elongato, oviductu longissimo acutis-

simo. Long. corp. maris 54 lin., fem. 7} lin. Expans.

alar. maris 9 lin., foem. 10 lin.

Hab. In Nova Zealandia (D. Wakefield). In Mus.

Hopeiano Oxonie, ¢ et 2.

This insect is closely allied to Gynoplistia puncti-

penns, Westw., from New Holland, but is at once dis-

tinguished by the row of small dark dots arranged in a

longitudinal series in the pobrachial cell of the wing,

preceded by a dark patch at the origin of the pre- and

pobrachial cells. From G. subfasciata, White MS.,

Walk., Cat. Dipt., p. 74, which, like G. Wakejfieldii,

inhabits New Zealand, it is distinguished by wanting

the ‘two brown bands, which are distinct on the fore

border, but pale, interrupted, and almost dentate towards

the hind border.”

This last species has been formed by Schiner into the

genus Cloniophora (Novara Dipt., p. 40), founded upon a

very broken specimen of the female. Walker gives no

description of the antenne, and Schiner describes that

new species of Exotic Tipulide. 373

of the female as 18-jointed, the 8rd to the 18th joints

having a single row of branches on the inner side, and

the ovipositor unusually long and robust.

The Baron Osten-Sacken, who has carefully examined

the type of G. subfasciata in the British Museum, assures

me of its distinction from G. Wakefieldit.

LIMNOBIORHYNCHUS.

Westw., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. iv. 1835, p. 688 ;

Macquart, Dipt. Exot. i. part 2, p. 177.

[Geranomyia, Osten-Sacken, Cat. Western Dipt. p. 196.)

Timnobia affinis. Corpus elongatum, gracile. Caput

parvum oculis magnis; proboscide gracili, cylindrica,

porrecta, fere longitudine corporis; palpis haud con-

Spicuis ; antenne breves, graciles, ad basin proboscidis

insert, thorace multo breviores; maris 14-articulate,

articulis 2 basalibus majoribus, reliquis equalibus

oblongo-ovatis; foem. 12 vel 13-articulate brevissime,

(articulis 2 vel 8 basalibus incrassatis, reliquis 10 sensim

ad apicem attenuatis) articulis 2 terminalibus setis

6 longissimis, penicillum efformantibus, instructis.

Prothorax in collum gracile productus. Ale iridescentes,

haud pilose, venis in alis masculinis fere ut in Limnobia

xanthoptera, Meig. (Schilling Beitr. Dipt. t. 2, fig. 1),

dispositis; in foeminis cellulis marginalibus cum sub-

marginali omnino coalitis (vena longitudinali illas in

mare dividente omnino obliterata) in mare etiam nubila

stigmaticalis exstat, locum vene transverse rudi-

mentalis indicante.

Obs. Ex omnibus Tipulideis adhue cognitis differt

proboscide longissima, inde affinitatem cum Culicideis

possidere videtur.

As the species upon which I proposed this genus have

afforded much discussion among dipterologists, I have

thought it advisable to reproduce them verbatim below.

These insects were three in number; two of them were

from Bahia, in Brazil, communicated to me by the late J.

Aspinall Turner, M.P.; they were a maleand a female, cor-

responding in size, colour, and general appearance, pinned

with the same small short kind of pin, and both having

a very long porrected proboscis. Under these circum-

stances I did not hesitate to regard them as the opposite

374 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions of

sexes of one and the same species (L. brasiliensis),

although they differed in the structure of the antenne,

and slightly also in the veining of the wings, the male

haying an additional longitudinal vein running to the

apex of the wings.

The third specimen was an unique insect from Canada,

which I obtained from the collection of the late A. H.

Haworth, and which agreed with the male from Bahia in

the antenne and wings (L. canadensis).

Previous, however, to the publication of my memoir

containing the description of Limnoliorhynchus in the

French Annalles for 1835, Mr. A. H. Haliday had pub-

lished the characters of a British genus with a long

proboscis in the first volume of the ‘Entomological

Magazine,’ January, 1833, under the name of Geranomyia

unicolor, of which a figure and detailed description were

published by Mr. Curtis in his ‘ British Entomology,’

pl. 578, on November. 1st, 1835.* This insect, having

14-jointed antenne, is congeneric with the males of

Tamnohiorhynchus brasiliensis and canadensis, leaving

the generic name to be restricted to the female of

L. brasiliensis.

Timnobiorhynchus brasiliensis. (Pl. XIX., figs. 10, 11).

Westw., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1835, p. 683.

Pallide luteo-fuscescens; thorace fusco trivittato,

post-scutello cinerascenti ; oculis, antennis, et proboscide

nigris; segmentis abdominalibus ad apicem in mare

fuscis; pedibus fuscis; tibiarum apice nigro; alis

iridescentibus, venis costalibus fulvescentibus. Long.

corp. (proboscide excepta) mas 3 lin., foem. 53 lin.

Expans. alar. 63—7 lin.

Hab. Apud Bahiam Brasilee. In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxoniz (oli nostr.).

* The following are the chief characters of Geranomyia given by

Mr. Curtis:— Antenne alike in both sexes, 14-joimted. Trophi

elongated and porrected, forming a proboscis considerably longer

than the antenne. Labrum long and linear, slightly hairy at the

apex. Tongue very long and linear, pointed, anda little dilated below

the apex, which is hairy. Lip very long, divided from the base,

forming two pilose branches, terminated by oblique elliptical lobes.

Palpi clothed with short hairs, short, biarticulate ? [The veins of

the wings are arranged as in L. brasiliensis, male.| !

new species of Exotic Tipulide. 375

Limnobiorhynchus canadensis.

Westw., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1835, p. 684.

Precedenti valde affinis. Differt thorace, proboscide,

tibiarum apice halteribusque concoloribus, femorum

apice infuscato, venis costalibus fuscescentibus. Long.

corp. mas. 84 lin. Expans. alay. 7 lin.

Hab. In Canada. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz (olim

nostr.).

Another species, congeneric with Geranomyia unicolor,

was described by Macquart in the ‘ Histoire naturelle des

iles Canaries’ of Webb and Berthelot, and in his

‘ Dipteres exotiques,’ vol. i. pl. 7, fig. 1, under the name

of Aporosa maculipennis, and another species, A. fuscana,

from the Isle of Bourbon.

Of this genus six species are contained in the Berlin

Museum, and have been described by Dr. Loew in the

‘Linnea Entomologica,’ vol. v. p. 315. et seq. (1851),

under the names of Aporosa insignis (Brazil), A. tristis

(Brazil), A. rufescens (Porto Rico), A. tibialis (Brazil),

A. virescens (St. Thomas), and A. valida (Chili).

Dr. Loew (Monogr. Dipt. N. Amer. i. p. 10) gives

Limnobiorhynchus as synonymous with Toxorhina, Loew

(Bernstein und Bernstein-fauna. Schul prog, Berlin, 1850,

p- 37, and Linn. Ent. v. p. 400, Berl., 1851, pl. i. figs.

16—23), founded upon several species found in amber,

and one living species from Porto Rico.

In the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad., 1859, p. 221, the

Baron Osten-Sacken has discussed the question, and

arrived at the opinion of the identity of Limno-

biorhynchus and Toxorhina, establishing the genus

Elephantomyia for my L. canadensis, of which he had

obtained great numbers of both sexes from Trenton

Falls.

In the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of

Philadelphia, vol. iv. p. 229, the same author has again

reviewed the arguments in favour of the identity of the

two genera, and has described two new species of Tozo-

rhina, in addition to T. fragilis, Loew, named TJ’. magna,

male and female, from New Jersey, and T’. muliebris,

male, from Massachusetts. As the venation of the

wings in the two sexes of 7’. magna is identical, he

moreover considers that my statement of the difference

376 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions of

in the venation of the wings in the sexes of L. brasiliensis

is erroneous ; that no such difference in the venation of

the wings of the two sexes of the same species can

exist, and consequently that the genus Limnobiorhynchus

‘“‘has no existence at all.” He consequently refers my

male, L. brasiliensis, to the genus Llephantomyia, to

which he assumes L. canadensis to belong, and my female

to Toxorhina. Thus he adds :—‘‘ The confusion which

for such a long time was connected with the existence of

the genera Toxorhina and Limnobiorhynchus seems to

have reached, or at least to be very near, its solution !

This confusion was principally due to the very striking

coincidence that both Westwood and Loew possessed

only males of a genus with a submarginal cell, and only

females of another genus without a submarginal cell.

Both of these authors were so much struck by the extra-

ordinary prolongation of the proboscis in both genera

that they united them into one, with this difference,

however, that Westwood noticed the difference in the

neuration, and-described it as sexual; Loew, on the

contrary, entirely overlooked this difference.”’

In the Baron Osten-Sacken’s ‘ Western Diptera,’ pub-

lished in the Bulletin of the U.S. Geol. and Geogr.

Survey, vol. ili. No. 2, p. 196, he has sunk his genus

Elephantomyia, and recorded my L. canadensis im the

genus Geranomyia of Haliday.

The synonymy of these genera will thus stand :—

GERANOMYIA.

Geranomyia, Haliday (1883), Curtis (1835).

Limnoliorhynchus, Westw. (males only), 1835.

Aporosa, Macquart, Loew. ~

Elephantomyia, Osten-Sacken.

LIMNOBIORHYNCHUS.

Limnobiorhynchus, Westw. (females only), 1835.

Toxorhina, Loew (Bernstein, &c.), and ‘ Linnea Ento-

mologica,’ vol. v. p. 400.

new species of Hxotic Tipulide. 377

ASTHENIA.*

Westw. in Guérin-Ménev. Mag. Zool. 1842, Ins. pl. 94;

Walker, Cat. Dipt., Brit. Mus., pt. i. p. 28.

Liponeura, Loew, Stettin Ent. Zeit. 1844.

Apistomyia, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1862.

Blepharocera, Loew, Cent. iv. 1868; Osten-Sacken,

‘Western Diptera,’ p. 194.

Paltostoma, Schiner, Verh. zool-bot. Ges. Wien. 1866.

Hammatorhina, Loew, Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1869.

Bibiocephala, Osten-Sacken in Hayden’s Geol. Rep.

1878.

Hapalothrix, Loew, Ent. Mon. Berl. 1876.

Caput mediocre, oculis maximis fere omnino occu-

patum. Oculi antice emarginati pro insertione anten-

narum. Antenne breves simplices, attenuate, 15-articu-

late, articulo 1mo magno, reliquis magnitudine et

crassitudine sensim decrescentibus. Trophi elongati

rostrum [longitudine capitis} formantes. Labrum elon-

gatum corneum ; mandibule plane cornex interne valde

denticulate#, labro paullo longiores; palpi 5-articulati,

mandibulis paullo breviores, articulis apicalibus gracili-

oribus. Partes relique oris in situ haud conspicue.

Thorax ovalis supra mediocriter convexus. Abdomen

sessile in specimine nostro unico mutilatum, inde sexum

haud possum determinare. Pedes elongati debiles sim-

plices, longitudine fere equales. Coxe minute. Tibize

ecalcarate. Tarsi 5-articulati, articulo 1mo longiori,

reliquis longitudine decrescentibus; unguibus duobus

longis gracilibus, versus basin interne dente munitis

terminati. Ale magne tenere, cellula unica subcostali,

ad apicem venas tres longitudinales emittenti, vena

proxima interna bifida, anali simplici.

Genus novum ad distributionem naturalem familiz

Tipulidarum utilissimum, habitum Cecidomyiarum ex-

hibens, quamvis generibus Macropeze, Spheronradi,Curt.,

et Hydrobeno, Fries, magis affine. EH Macropeza differt

pedibus longitudine equalibus, tarsis simplicibus et con-

formibus, ore haud longe rostrato, antennarumque

articulis 5 ultimis precedentibus haud longioribus; e

Spheromiadi etiam eodem modo antennis differt, nec non

alarum venisque crassis et pedibus longioribus, cum

tarsis simplicibus ; Hydrobenus denique ex hoc genere

* [This name is preoccupied in Lepidoptera.—W. F. K.|

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—ParRT II. (SEPT.) 3D

378 Prot. Westwood's Descriptions of

antennis ad apicem clavatis, thoraceque cristato facile

distinguitur.

Asthenia fasciata.

Westw., op. cit. supra.

Luteo-fulva, thoracis dorso testaceo ; abdomine fusco,

segmentis ad basin albo fasciatis. Caput obscurum,

oculi brunneo-nigri; antenne nigre, articulo lmo et

dimidio basali 2di flavis. Thorax luteo-flavus, dorso

mesothoracis testaceo. Pedes lutei, tarsis fuscescentibus ;

alee vitreee vix luteo tinct, venis basique lutescentibus ;

halteres lutei, clava nigra. Expans. alar. 6} lin.

Hab. In Albania (Dom S. S. Saunders).

Mecistocera, Wiedemann.

Megistocera dimidiata. (Pl. XVIII., fig. 9, details).

Westw., Zool. Journ., vol. v. p. 451 (September, 1835) ;

Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. iv. p. 682 (1835).

Fulvo-ochracea, thorace interdum obscurius bivittato,

ano obscuro, antennis longissimis fuscis basi fulvis ;

femoribus tibiisque ad apicem obscuris ; alis in utroque

sexu hyalinis, costa lata luteo-fuscanti, cellula prima

submarginali vena obliqua sub stigmate divisa. Abdo-

mine abbreviato ; foem. antennis brevibus 138-articulatis.

Expans. alar. mas et feem., 16—16} lin.

Hab. In Australasia. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonize

(olim Haworthii et nostr.).

Descriptio maris fere cum mare M. disparis, Walker,*

convenit. Differt palpis flavis, apice nigris, thorace

omnino ferrugineo postice pallidiorl. Fomina mari

simillima; capite omnino ochraceo, antennis ochraceis

apicem versus fuscescentibus, palpis similiter coloratis

pedibus ochraceis, apice femorum tibiarum tarsorumque

nigro ; abdomine ochraceo, apice obscuro.

Obs. 1. In specimine nostro M. disparis, Walk., caput

ochraceum maculis duabus parvis inter oculos notatum

est, palpi et nasus nigricantes et cellula prima sub-

marginalis (sub stigmate) vena obliqua dividitur.

** Megistocera dispar, Walker, Ent. Mag. ii. 468 (January, 1835)

= Tipula costalis, Swederus, Act. Holm. 1787, p. 286; Walk., Cat.

Dipt. Brit. Mus., pt. iv., Appendix, p. 1151= Megistocera limbi-

pennis, Macq., Dipt. Exot. i. 60, pl. 6, fig. 1.

new species of Exotic Tipulide. 379

Obs. 2. Descriptiones Megistocere specierum e sexu

masculino deprompte. In specie supra descripta et in

M. dispare antenne fem. sunt capite breviores et 18-

articulate, articulo Imo majori, 2do parvo, 6 proximis

magnis subnodosis sensim minoribus, reliquis 5 gracili-

bus filiformibus. An structura eadem in femineis

specierum Wiedemanni ?

Obs. 3. ‘*Your Megistocera dimidiata will now be

better placed in the genus Macrothorax, Jaennicke, Neue

Exot. Dipt. (1867).”—Baron Osten-Sacken in litt., 18th

March, 1881.

CALOPTERA.

Guérin, Voy. Coquille, pl. 20.

Caloptera Nepalensis.

Westw., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. iv. p. 681 (1885).

Nigra, abdomine plumbeo cincto ; alis nigricantibus,

basi flavis, fasciaque incompleta centrali transversa, alba

ornatis. Mas et fem. Long. corp. maris, 10 lin.

Hixpans. alar. 16 lin.

Hab. In Nepalia. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie (olim

nostr.).

CEROZODIA.

Westw., Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag., vol vi., April, 1835,

p- 281.

Ozocera, Westw., Zool. Journ., vol. v. No. 20, p. 449

(September, 1835).

(Nec Ozodicera, Macquart).

Limnobie affinis. Alarum vene ut in Gynoplistia

nervosa (fig. 10) disposite. Antenne, thorace longiores

32-articulate ; articulis 3tio ad 3lmum ramulum longis-

simum gracilem pilosum e basi emittentibus (fig. 5) ; oculi

maris maximi interne lunati, subtus fere conniventes.

Palpi perbreves 3-articulati, articulo Imo minuto, 2do

majore subovato, 38tio paullo majori, spatuliformi.

Thorax ovato-rotundatus. Abdomen maris longum

cylindricum, unguibus duobus terminatum.

The insect forming this genus exceeds all the other

pectinated Tipulide in the great number of the ramose

joints of the antenne.

380 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions of

Cerozodia interrupta. (Pl. XIX., fig. 18, details).

Westw., Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. l. c. supra; Zool.

Journ. v. p. 449, pl, xxi. fig. 5, antenna.

Pallide ochracea, thorace subobscuriore ; oculis nigris ;

antennarum ramulis pallide fuscis; alis pallidis venis

subfuscis, linea gracili interrupta cinerea per areolam

elongatam subcostalem currente. Long. corp. 10 lin.

Eixpans. alar. 16 lin.

Hab. In Australasia apud Swan River. In Mus.

Hopeiano Oxonie.

OZODICERA.

Macq., Dipt. Exot., p. 92; Westw., Lond. & Edinb.

Phil. Mag., vol. vi. p. 280. (Nec Ozocera, Westw., Zool.

Journ., No. 20.)

Hemicteina, Westw., in Zool. Journ. vol. v., No. 20,

p- 450 (September, 1835).

Tipule affinis. Rostrum capite eque longum. Palpi

articulo ultimo precedente quadruplo longiore annula-

tissimo. Antenne maris graciles 13-articulate, thoracis

longitudine, singulo articulorum 4—9 ramum subtus

emittente, articulum longitudine squante; articulis

10—13 longioribus simplicibus, gracillimis (tab. xxii.

fic. 17) ale areola discoidea, subapicali, 6-angulata,

postice venas 4 simplices emittente (fig. 16) abdomen

mariselongatum clavatum. Pedes omnes (presertim tarsi)

longissimi.

Ozodicera pectinata.

Wiedemann, Westw., Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. vi.

p- 280, April, 1835.

Ozodicera ochracea, Macq., Dipt. Exot., p. 92.

zodicera gracilis. (Pl. XVIIL., fig. 8, details).

Westw., Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. vi. 281.

HT. gracilis, Westw., Zool. Journ. vol. v. p. 450; pl. xxii.

firs. 16; 17.

Mas. Fusco-ochracea, oculis nigris, rostro subfulvo ;

thorace subvittato ; alis pallide subfuscescentibus ; venis

obscurioribus; abdomine segmentis duobus apicalibus

nigris, ano fulvescente; pedibus unicoloribus subfuscis.

Long. corp. maris, 10 lin. Expans. alar. 16 lin.

Hab. In Brasilia. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoni (olim

nostr.).

new species of Exotic Tipulide. 381

Obs. Congenerica est, at species minor, pedibusque

forsan brevioribus Tipula pectinata, Wied., ‘‘ ochracea,

thorace vittato, antennis pectinatis, alis flavidis. Long.

corp. maris 8 lin.”” Wiedemann (Aussereurop. Aweifl. Ins.

vol. i. p. 47) observes that in its 4-joited palpi 7’. pectinata

approaches the Limnobie, in its pectinated antenne the

Ctenophore, and in the number of the joints of the

antenne and venation of the wings the Tipule.

‘A speciebus ceteris (vere Tipulideis) longipedalibus

ab auctoribus descriptis species nostra differt ; scil Lim-

nobia longimana, Fab., tarsorum anticorum apicem album

habet—Tipula longipes, Fab., pedes albo annulatos apici-

bus albis—T%pula breviventris, Wied., tibias basi alba

possidet—Polymera hirticornis, Wied., Fab. (Chironomus)

antennis 28-articulatis gaudet—Leptotarsus Macquartii,

Guér. Voy. Coq. Ins. pl. 20, f. 1, abdomen fulvum nigro-

maculatum antennasque (e figura) 10-articulatas sim-

plices habet—Dolichopeza sylvicola, Curtis, 1825 (Leptina,

Meigen, vol. vi. tab. 21. Dolichopeza in textu), antennis

12-articulatis cellulaque discoidali subapicali nulla

gaudet.”

Ozodicera longipedalis.

Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1876, p. 508, pl. iii.,

figs. 4, 4a, 4b.

Hab. In Australia. In Mus. Britann.

Obs. ‘Your Ozodicera longipedalis is the same as

Pedicia gracilis, Walk., List, &¢., i. 37 (sine patria) ; but

I do not think that species described without locality

deserve any recognition, especially when they are placed

in the wrong genus.” Osten-Sacken in litt., 18th March,

1881.

Pedicia gracilis is now marked in the British Museum

as from New Zealand.

PTILOGYNA.

Westw., Lond. & Kdinb. Phil. Mag.. vol. vi., p. 280

(April, 1885); Zool. Journ. vol. v. No. 20, p. 448 (Sep-

tember, 1835).

Tipule affimis. Rostrum capiti eque longum ; antenne

maris 13-articulate; ramulis 7 internis et 15 externis

longis instructz, articulo 38tio ramum unicum e basi emit-

tente; articulis 4 ad 9 ramos duos longos e basi, alter-

umque e medio paullo breviorem emittentibus, 10mo longo

382 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions of

ramis duobus basalibus alteroque brevi fere apicali; 11 ad

13 brevibus simplicibus ; foem. 14-articulate, thoracis vix

longitudine, graciles, ramulis 7 internis et 8 externis brevi-

bus articulo lmo crasso, 3tio ad apicem infra producto,

singulo articulorum 4 ad 10 ramos duos ad basin emit-

tente, ramo externo quam articulum ipsum paullo longiore,

interno breviore, articulis 4 terminalibus simplicibus

(tab. xxii. fig. 15, antenna foem.). Ale (fig. 14) cellula

discoidea subapicali 7 angulata, venis fere ut in Lim-

nobia bisulcata, Schum., dispositis (vide Schill. Beitrage,

tab. 1, Dipt. fig. 3a).

Ptilogyna ramicornis. (Pl. XIX., fig. 14).

Tipula ramicorns, Walker, Ent. Mag. 11. 469 (January,

1835).

Ptilogyna ramicornis, Westw., Lond. & Edinb. Phil.

Mag. vol. vi. p. 280 (April, 1835).

Ptilogyna marginalis, Westw., Zool. Journ. vol. v.

p. 448, pl. xxu. figs. 14,15, @ (September, 1835).*

Fusca; capite, antennarum basi, thorace postice,

presertim in mare, segmentorum abdominalium lateribus

femoribusque (nisi apice), fulvis; alis ad costam dimidiato-

fuscis, maculis duabus parvis ante medium alterisque

duabus apicalibus pallidis; venis (nisi internis) fusco-

nubilis. Long. corp. foeem.11$lin. Expans. alar. 183 lin.

Mas paullo minor.

Hab. In Australia. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie (olim

nostr.). Mas et foem.

BITTACOMORPHA.

Westw., Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. vol. vi. p. 281,

1835.

Genus anomalum T%pulariis terricolis, Latr., evidenter

pertinens. Caput et thorax parva. Abdomen valde

elongatum et depressum. Pedes longitudine mediocres,

femoribus tibiisque gracilibus ; tarsis basi dilatatis dense

ciliatis ; alee venis perpaucis fere ut in genera Sciaphila

dispositis: antenne graciles, filiformes. Palpi capitis

longitudine articulis 4 equalibus. Lobi labiales magni.

Ocelli 0?

** The long delay in the publication of this part of the ‘ Zoological

Journal’ deprived my names of this and several other species of

their priority.

new species of Hxotic Tipulide. 383

Bittacomorpha clavipes. (Pl. XIX., fig. 12).

Tipula clavipes, Fab. Sp. Ins. 2, 404.

Ptychoptera clavipes, Fab. Syst. Antl.; Wied. Auss.

Zweifl. Ins. i. 59.

Long. corp. 8 lin. Expans. alar. 8} lin.

Hab. In America Septentrionale, Newfoundland. In

Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie ; olim nostr. (Dom Churton).

SEMNOTES.

Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1876, p. 501.

Semnotes imperatoria, Westw., op. cit., p. 502, pl. iii.

fig. 1

Hab. In Australia, Melbourne. In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxon. et Britann.

Semnotes ducalis, Westw., op. cit., p. 508, pl. ii. figs.

2a, 2b. .

Hab. In Australia boreali (Damel). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

TIPULA.

Tipula Brobdignagia, Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.

1876, p. 504, pl. iii. fig. 3.

Hab. In China boreali. In Mus. Britann.

Tipula Mikado, Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1876,

p. 504.

Hab. In Japonia. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

LIMNOBIA.

Limnobia Satsuma, Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.

1876, p. 504, pl. iil. figs. 5a, 5b.

Hab. In Japonia. In Mus. Hopeiano Genie.

LIBNOTES.

Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1876, p. 505.

Lilnotes Thwaitesiana, Westw., op. cit., p. 505, pl. iii.

figs. 6a, 6D.

Hab. Ceylon. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

eo OY us

384 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions of

PLATYURA.

Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., Ist series, vol. v.,

p. 231 (= Platyroptilon, Westw.)

Platywra (Platyroptilon) Miers, Westw., op. cit.,

p- 231, pl. 23, fig. 8, and details.

Hab. In Brasilia. In Mus. D. Miers (nunc in Mus.

Hopeiano Oxonie).

Cuuex, Linn.

Culex alternans, Westw., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. iv.

p- 681 (1835).

Pallide fuscescens; abdomine albido-annulato, alis

hyalinis; venis, presertim costalibus, fulvescentibus,

squamis fuscis ornatis, nisi regione stigmaticali, ubi

squame albe videntur, aliis albo nigroque alternatis ;

pedibus fulvescentibus, fusco squamosis; femoribus ante

apicem, tibiis versus et pone medium, geniculis tarsisque

albo annulatis. Long. corp. (probose. excel.) 4 lin.

Expans. alar. 8 lin.

Hab. In Nova Hollandia. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie

(olim nostr.).

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XVII.

Fic. 1. Mongoma fragillima, natural size; 1 a, antenna;

1b, wing; 1c, extremity of anterior tibia; 1d, extre-

mity of anterior tarsus.

2. Details of Dapanoptera plenipennis; 2a, head, seen

sideways; 2b, wing; 2c, extremity of body.

3. Sigmatomera Amazonica, magnified ; 3a, head, seen in

front; 38 6, head and antenne, seen sideways ;

3c, wing; 3d, apex of tibia.

PLATE XVIII.

Fic. 4. Hriocera lunata, natural size; 4a, head and antenna

of male, magnified; 4b, head, sideways; 4c, wing;

4d, extremity of tibia; 4e, apex of abdomen, from

above; 4/, ditto, seen sideways ; 4g, one of the male

appendages at the extremity of the body.

Fic. 5

Fie. 10

HIN

TRANS

new species of Exotic Tipulide. 385

. Gynoplistia Wakefieldii, details; 5a, head of male,

seen sideways; 5 6, palpus of ditto; 5¢, antenna of

ditto; 5d, antenna of female; 5e, wing ; 5 f, extre-

mity of body of male, seen sideways; 59, ditto, seen

from above; 5h, extremity of body of female.

. G. vilis, antenna of male.

. G. annulata, antenna of female.

. Ozodicera gracilis, details; 8 a, antenna of male;

8b, wing.

. Megistocera dimidiata, details; 94, head and base

of antenna of male; 9b, antenna of female; 9c,

extremity of wing.

PLATE XIX.

. Limnobiorhynchus Brasiliensis, female, natural size ;

10 a, head and rostrum magnified ; 10 b, antenna of

female; 10 c, wing.

Geranomyia Brasiliensis, male, details ; 11 a, rostrum

with the parts separated (a, one of the maxilla, with

its subapical style; b, c, labrum; d, mentum ;

e, labial palpi; f, lacinize of labium); 11 0, basal

portion of the rostrum, with the parts similarly

lettered; 11 c, labial palpi, magnified ; 11 d, bases

of lacinie of labium; 11 e, extremity of maxilla, with

its style; 11f, antenna of male; 11g, wing of male.

. Bittacomorpha clavipes, details; 12 a, head, seen in

front; 12 6, wing.

. Cerozodia interrupta; 13 a, head of ditto, seen from

above: 138, ditto, seen from below; 13¢, antenna

of male.

. Ptilogyna ramicornis, details; 14.4, antenna of male ;

14, antenna of female; 14c, extremity of wing.

_ ENT. soc. 1881.—PART II. (SEPT.) 3E

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XXIII. Description of a new genus of Hymenopterous

insects. By J. O. Wrestwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &ce.

[Read August 3rd, 1881.]

Puate XVI.

DyYscoLESTHES, n. g.

Genus novum ad Hymenoptera aculeata referendum,

familiz autem mihi dubium, characteribus e mare unico

depromptis.

Corpus breve, subovale, valde setosum nigrum, setis

cinereis omnino vestitum. Caput thorace multo minus

et angustius, oculis satis magnis lateralibus; ocellisque

tribus verticalibus: os haud prominens, mandibulis

duobus acutis falcatis, intus prope apicem dente parvo

acuto armatis. Maxille late stipite plano subovali extus

setoso, intus adapicem lobo tenui membranaceoinstructe,

palpis duobus minutis 2-articulatis apice setigeris.

Mentum subovale palpis labialibus mento longioribus,

3-articulatis apice setigeris. Antenne longe graciles

eylindrice, haud geniculate; articulis 13, articulo 1mo

minuto, 2ndo brevissimo, 8tio et reliquis elongatis,

singulo paullo curvato. Thorax brevis ovatus compactus,

abdominis magnitudine fere equalis. Abdomen ovale,

segmento 1mo cum sequenti continuo, nec pedunculato

nec ad apicem constricto; genitalibus masculinis

retractis et nullo modo exsertis, apice abdominis spinulis

tribus minutis armato. Ale magnitudine mediocres,

fere longitudine thoracis et abdominis equales, hyaline,

translucide ; venis (nisi ad basin alarum) destitute ;

antice vena tenui subcostali e basi extendenti ad stigma

magnum nigrum ante medium marginis antici positum,

area angusta basali ad stigma extensa alteraque

incompleta minuta ad basin ale. Ale postice area

minuta ovali subbasali venaque gracillimo obliqua ad

marginem posticum currente. Venez discoidales et

apicales in omnibus alis obsolete. Pedes graciles

longitudine mediocres, valde setosi; tibiz pedum 2 an-

ticorum breves, calcari unico curvato, plano, apice

obtuso. ‘Tarsi antici mediocres, articulo lmo subtus

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PART III. (SEPT.)

388 Prof. Westwood’s description of a

inciso pro receptione calcaris. Pedes 4 postici longiores

et graciliores, tibie calcari unico fere longitudine articuli

1mitarsorum, apice unguibus duobus; singulo intus prope

basin spinula tenui armato.

Dyscolesthes canus, n. 8.

Statura et habitus Andrene minute. Totus niger,

nitidus, punctatus; griseo valde setosus; antennis

testaceis; segmentis abdominalibus postice piceo-mar-

ginatis. Long. corp. 4 lin. Expans. alar. 63 lin.

Hab. Chili (eed). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

It is unfortunate that our knowledge of this curious

insect is confined to a single individual of the male sex.

That it belongs to the Aculeate division of the order

Hymenoptera may be affirmed from the structure of the

13-jointed antenne ; in the very minute size, however,

of the basal joint the insect disagrees with the great

proportion of the aculeate species, there being no trace

of geniculation; whilst the length of the antenne, as

well as the number of joints, clearly show that the

insect is a male. It is in the ant genus Myrmecia, from

New Holland, that we find somewhat similar male

antenne, but the whole form of this insect and the

dense coating of greyish white sete are not found in any

other species of Formicidae, from all of which this insect

differs in the absence of one or more constricted segments

at the base of the abdomen. ‘The construction of the

lower parts of the mouth seems again to point to the

most aberrant of the lormicide, several of which were

described by myself in the ‘ Annals of Natural History’

for 1840, vol. vi. In the genera T'yphlopone, Anomma,

and Solenopsis, we find extremely minute maxillary

palpi composed of only two apparent joints. The legs

are well developed, but the curious spur of the anterior

tibie differs from that of any hymenopterous insect with

which I am acquainted; the fine tooth with which each

of the tarsal ungues is furnished merits attention,

whilst the very curious structure of the wings, the

ereater portion of which are quite hyaline, colourless,

and apparently veinless, but with a large black stigma,

is quite unique. We find indeed in Meria and some of

the Proctotrupide the veins are restricted to the base of

the wings, and in some of the latter there is a large

black stigma; but the whole character of this insect

new genus of Hymenopterous insects. 389

removes it from the families to which those genera

belong. Its nearest allies are most probably to be

found in the Scoliide, to which family the trispinose apex

of the male abdomen lends a strong approximation. The

female, when discovered, will doubtless differ so much

from the male as to lead the discoverer at first to regard

the insect of that sex as a distinct genus.

P.S.—In Gay’s ‘ Historia de Chile,’ tom. sesto, p. 305,

a genus is described, in Spanish, by the Marquis Spinola,

under the name of Chestus, which may possibly be

identical with the one above described. A short generic

as well as specific Latin diagnosis is given, which are

either inaccurate or cannot apply to our insect. The

generic description is, ‘‘ Antenne corpori sublongitudine,

duodecitm articulate. Mandibule breves. Thorax tri-

partitus, regionis propriz nervuri obliterati.” Chestus

Gayi, pl. 3, fig. 8. C. antennis, capite, thorace, pedi-

busque nigris; abdomine pilis fulvis; alis hyalinis,

nervuris testaceis aut fulvis. Long. 5 lin.; lat. 2 lin.

It is placed in the family Mutillide, near the Thynnides,

and it is suggested that it may be the male of the genus

Bradynobenus, which has entirely the habit of a female

Mutilla.

EXPLANATION OF PuatEe XVI.

Fie. 1. Dyscolesthes canus, magnified.

2. Hind leg of ditto.

. Fore leg of ditto.

. Spur of anterior tibia.

. Antenna.

. Tarsal ungues.

. Maxille, labium and palpi.

. Head, seen from above.

. Base of hind wing.

. Base of fore wing.

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XXIV. Neotropical Pentatomide and Coreide. By

W. L. Distant.

[Read August 3rd, 1881.]

Havine recently, in ‘ Biologia Centrali Americana,’ worked

out the Central-American Pentatomide and Coreide, so

far as materials sufficed, I beg here to add the descriptions

of a few more species belonging to those families, from

other portions of the Neotropical region, including one

from Nicaragua not included in the above mentioned

work.

PENTATOMIDA.

FEidessa tauriformis, n. 8.

Above with head, pronotum and scutellum olivaceous,

antenne testaceous, pronotal protuberances black, corium

dull dark testaceous, with the costal margin ochraceous,

inwardly bordered with fuscous. Connexivum ochraceous,

membrane cupreous. Under side of body and legs tes-

taceous; anterior mareins of pro-, meso-, and meta-

sternums, segmental incisures, and three longitudinal

fasciz, one central and two lateral to abdomen, fuscous.

Antenne with the second joint a little longer than the

third, fourth almost as long as second and third together

(fifth wanting). Head somewhat obscurely, irregu-

larly, and transversely striate. Pronotum very coarsely

punctate and rugulose, especially on disk, pronotal

angles produced into long and somewhat slender horns,

directed a little forwards, with their apices subacute and

slichtly recurved. Scutellum not reaching apex of

corium, basal portion very coarsely punctate, apical half

much more finely so, and sulcated at apex. Corium

very thickly and finely punctate. Long. 19mm. Lat.

pronot. angl. 20 mm.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales.

This species belongs to that group of the genus in

which the lateral angles of the pronotum are largely

produced with the apices subacute, and is allied to

E. hamata, Walk. It will be figured in the Appendix to

the Rhynchotal portion of ‘ Biologia Centrali Americana.’

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT UI. (SEPT.)

392 Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical

Edessa migromarginata, n. s.

Above obscure ochraceous; lateral and anterior borders

of pronotum with a submarginal and continuous series

of black punctures. Abdomen above red; connexivum

luteous, with a row of irregular black spots, situated two

on each segment, segmental apices acute and testaceous.

Body beneath and legs somewhat paler in colour; pro-

and mesosternums with anterior submarginal and central

transverse fascix, metasternum with a posterior sub-

marginal fascia, ventral incisures, a lateral series of trans-

verse fascie placed near stigmata, and an abdominal

marginal border of irregular spots, black. Antenne

with the second joint slightly shorter than the third,

together subequal in length to the fourth, which is a

little shorter than the fifth. Pronotum somewhat

sparingly and finely punctate, lateral angles moderately

and subacutely produced, the apices rounded (but not

thickened) and slightly recurved. Scutellum reaching

the apical angles of corium, sparingly and finely punce-

tate, the basal portion moderately raised, apex acute and

suleated. Corium thickly and finely punctate, the

punctures on basal costal margin coarse and fuscous.

Prosternum sparingly but coarsely punctate. Angles of

apical segment of abdomen acutely produced. Anal

appendage with two strong lateral and two smaller

central spines. Long. 16 mm. Lat. pronot. angl.

12} mm.

Hab. Jamaica. Mus. Science and Art, Dublin.

This species is closely allied to H. montezuma, Dist.,

but differs by the fuscous submarginal borders of pune-

tures to the pronotum, and the much longer and

differently punctured scutellum.

COREID/.

Petalops inermibus, n. 8.

g. Above shining metallic-green, with bluish

reflexions; central and lateral fascize to head, eyes,

and apex of scutellum, luteous. Beneath with legs

testaceous ; under side of head, disk of sternum, a spot

near anterior margins of meso- and metasternums in

front of coxe, and lateral margins of abdomen, luteous ;

prosternum and lateral sides of meso- and meta-

sternums, shining metallic-green; tarsi ochraceous,

Pentatomide and Coreide. 393

membrane black. Body very slender and elongate.

Antenne black, first and third joints subequal in length,

a little shorter than second, fourth longest. Pronotum

elongate, granulose, with a central raised longitudinal

levigate line, the lateral angles faintly prominent. Scu-

tellum coarsely and transversely striate, much longer

than broad, the apex levigate. Corium thickly and

finely punctate, the nervures prominent and somewhat

fuscous. Rostrum about reaching intermediate coxe,

the third joint longest, the apex pitchy. Posterior

femora much incrassated, in length passing apex of

abdomen, beneath with the basal half somewhat hollowed

and with a double row of small spines, apical half with

a row of six large spines arranged two singly and four in

pairs, above more sparingly, irregularly, and less strongly

spinous; posterior tibize compressed and spinous beneath;

anterior and intermediate femora minutely spined

beneath. Long. 15 mm.

Hab. Amazons, Ega (M. de Mathan). Colls. Oberthur

and Distant.

This species, from the non-produced lateral angles of

the pronotum, differs considerably from other species of

this genus; the other structural characters, however,

conform to those of Petalops.

Sephina pantonima, n. s.

Dull reddish, sparingly pilose. Antenne, pronotum with

anterior third and two wide central longitudinal fasciz

extending therefrom to base, scutellum, clavus basal

angle, anterior half of costal margin, an irregular trans-

verse fascia and apical margin (narrowly) of corium, and

a series of large segmental quadrate spots on connexivum,

black. Body beneath, rostrum, and legs, black; under

side of head, lateral angles of pronotum, a large spot on

pro- and mesosternums, two smaller ones on meta-

sternum, a segmental marginal row of large subquadrate

spots, two lateral spots on anal appendage, and a lateral

series of somewhat irregular and obscure spots on each

side of disk of abdomen, dull reddish. Membrane black,

with the veins ochraceous. Antenne strongly pilose,

first and second joints subequal in length, longer than

third and fourth, which are also subequal. Pronotum

much depressed anteriorly, very sparingly and obscurely

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT III. (SEPT.) OF

394 - Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical

punctate, except on disk, which is somewhat wrinkled

and very coarsely punctate; lateral angles produced

into foliaceous processes, considerably raised, rounded

in front, with the apices subacute and recurved, and

posteriorly deeply sinuate near apices ; lateral margins

finely crenulated. Scutellum faintly and transversely

striate. Corium thickly and finely punctate. Legs and

rostrum strongly pilose. Long. 23 mm. Lat. pronot.

angl. 9 mm.

Hab. Colombia, Medellin.

The markings of this species are very distinct, which,

with the prominent pronotal angles, will prevent it being

confused with any other species of the genus.

Euagona Juno, 0.8.

Head above and beneath, pronotum, scutellum, clavus

(excepting base, which is luteous), membrane, sternum,

and under side of abdomen, black; the last with the

lateral margins, ultimate segment, and anal appendage,

testaceous; antenne, legs, corium, base of costal margin

of corium as seen beneath, and a slender undulating

longitudinal line on under side of abdomen and inner

side of stigmata, but not extending to apical segment,

luteous. Antenne pilose, basal jot curved, subequal

in length to the second joint, third and fourth joints

subequal but shorter than first and second, apical joint

somewhat infuscated. Pronotum coarsely granulose,

lateral angles produced into long lunate spines, directed

forwards and slightly upwards, the apices attenuated and

slightly reflexed; the head and pronotum more or less

clothed with luteous pubescence. Scutellum transversely

striated. Corium finely and obscurely punctate, with

the inner margin sometimes black, and apical half of

costal margin narrowly and darkly fuscous. Rostrum

fuscous, about reaching intermediate cox. Underside

of body more or less clothed with luteous pubescence.

Legs pilose. Long., male 24mm., female 29mm. Lat.

pronot. angl., male 8} mm., female 93 mm.

Hab. Peru.

Allied to E. diana, Dall., the only other known species

of the genus; but differs by the considerably larger size,

the black opaque membrane, different colour of the

abdomen beneath, and by the pronotal angular processes,

Pentatomide and Coreide. 395

which are not so regularly lunate, and are more attenuated

and subreflexed at apices.

Paryphes splendidus, n. 8.

Basal half of head above, pronotum, scutellum, under

side of head, and sternum, bright luteous. Anterior

half of upper side of head, coxe, legs, and abdomen,

metallic shining green. Corium black, costal margins

(narrowly), claval apical margins, from which two

fascie extend direct to apical angles of corium, bright

luteous. Membrane black. Abdomen above black,

connexivum and abdominal margin beneath luteous.

Antenne obscure metallic-green, first and third joints

subequal, second and fourth shorter and subequal.

Pronotum and corium thickly and finely punctate ; pro-

notal lateral angles subprominent, lateral margins

minutely crenulated. Inner margins of luteous fascie

to corium levigate. Prosternum distinctly punctate,

meso- and metasternums wrinkled and subrugulose. Disk

of sternum levigate. Rostrum pitchy, shining, about

reaching posterior coxe. Long. 194 mm.

Hab. Ecuador.

Allied to P. magnificus, Stal, and P. ducalis, Stal.

Harmostes incisuratus, n. 8.

Head ochraceous, distinctly punctate ; antenne ochra-

ceous, basal joint slightly passing apex of head, second

joint slightly shorter than third, fourth short, dark, and

pilose. Pronotum ochraceous, punctate, and subrugulose ;

lateral and posterior margins, and a narrow central

longitudinal line, pale luteous; lateral pronotal angles

broadly produced, rounded, and slightly directed upwards,

with their posterior margins deeply and profoundly

notched. Scutellum pale ochraceous, with the lateral

and apical margins, and a central longitudinal line, pale

and levigate. Corium pale luteous, clavus and inner

margin sparingly but coarsely and darkly punctate,

apical half thickly, finely, and less darkly punctate, with

the extreme apical angle terminating in a small fuscous

point. Membrane pale hyaline, with two central

longitudinal fuscous streaks. Abdomen above pale

greenish, the base and two large central tooth-shaped

spots fuscous. Body beneath pale luteous, sternum

396 Neotropical Pentatomide and Coreide.

thickly and finely punctate, legs concolorous, apices of

tarsi and posterior femora fuscous. Long. 6 to 7 mm.

Hab. Colombia, Cauca (las Babas) (Dr. O. Thieme.)

Colls. Oberthur and Distant.

This species in general appearance is allied to H.

formosus, Dist., from which, however, it differs widely by

the non-crenulated lateral margins of the pronotum, and

the strongly-notched lateral angles of the same.

eC suT)

XXV. Description of the female sex of Morpho adonis,

Cram. By W. L. Distant.

[Read August 3rd, 1881.]

PLATE XX.

3. Papilio adonis, Cram., Pap. Ex., i. t. 61, A. B.

(L779):

Morpho adonis, Godt., Ene. Méth., ix. p. 489, n. 8

(1823).

?. Papilio marcus, Schall., Naturf., xxi. p. 174, n. 4,

tA, t.. 1, 2 (785).

Zeuaidia marcus, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 116,

8 (1871).

Under the name of P. marcus, Schaller undoubtedly

described and figured the female sex of this butterfly.

The figure itself, however, is so indifferent, the colour

being actually misleading,-—no locality being cited

as a habitat,—that lepidopterists have apparently been

unable either to identify the insect or place it in its

proper genus; Mr. Kirby in his most useful Catalogue

not omitting to record the species, and placing it with

probability—from the figure—in the genus Zeuzidia.

Having acquired a specimen from British Guiana, and

examined the unrivalled collection of the genus Morpho

in the possession of Messrs. Godman and Salvin, I have

come to the conclusion that this butterfly is certainly

the female sex of M. adonis, Cram. Although very

dissimilar in coloration above to the male sex, a like

contrast is exhibited in the sexes of some allied species,

and whereas in Morpho cypris the females are dimorphic,

it is possible that the form here described may prove

also to be but one dimorphic phase of the female of

M. adonis.

Morpho adonis, Cram., female. (Pl. XX., figs. 1, 2).

Wings above brown, with the following pale’ stra-

mineous markings: primaries with a costal streak

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PaRT III. (SEPT.)

398 Mr. W. L. Distant’s description of

commencing about end of cell, but not reaching apex ;

a large irregularly-shaped spot a little beyond end of

cell, commencing on fourth subcostal nervule and ter-

minating between first and second discoidal nervules; a

broad suboblique fascia, commencing at the end of

median nervure where it is narrowest, and extending to

inner margin where it is widest, profoundly sinuated

inwardly above and below second median nervule, and

somewhat regularly waved and sublunate outwardly

between median nervules; this fascia is immediately

followed by a double row of spots, irregular both in size

and shape, arranged in pairs between the nervules,

commencing between fourth and fifth subcostal nervules,

and terminating in a single spot between third median .

nervule and submedian nervure; a submarginal row of

irregularly-shaped and smaller spots situated between

the nervules, and gradually increasing in size and

distinctness from apex, followed by a series of the same,

but much more obscure on posterior margin. Secondaries

with an oblique fascia commencing on costa at junction

of fascia on primaries, and gradually narrowing till it

terminates on third median nervule a little before

margin; a submarginal row of elongate and almost

continuous spots, followed by a series of similar but more

obscure spots on posterior margin; at the termination

of central fascia the submarginal row of spots is

continuous to anal angle, much waved and bordered

outwardly and inwardly with dark brown; anal angle

creamy white, with a large fuscous spot at end of

submedian nervure, and two pyramidal spots of the

same colour on each side of the termination of third

median nervule. Wings beneath pale violaceous, the

stramineous fasciz and spots of the upper side visible but

paler in colour, and two narrow waved oblique and obscure

stramineous fascie extending through cell of primaries

and terminating on abdominal margin of secondaries ;

all the pale fascia and spots margined inwardly and

outwardly with ferruginous, and a posterior submarginal

castaneous narrow fascia to both wings. The following

ocelli with pale centres and yellow margins bordered

with black are placed on each wing; four on primaries

situated one between first and second discoidal nervules,

midway between end of cell and posterior margin, the

second between first and second median nervules, third

and largest after second median nervule, and fourth

the female sex of Morpho Adonis. 399

and smallest before submedian nervure; three on

secondaries, first on the two subcostal nervules near

their origin, second between second and third median

nervules on inner margin of central fascia, and third

between the last mentioned nervule and submedian

nervure near anal angle, followed inwardly by a small,

obscure, and subdeveloped ocellus. Fuscous spots at

anal angle as above. Exp. wings, 5, inch.

Hab. British Guiana.

(Atl ..)

XXVI. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Hetero-

cerous Lepidoptera from Japan.* By Arruur G.

Butter, F.L.§8., F.Z.8., &e.

[Read August 3rd, 1881.]

GEOMETRITES.

ENNOMIDA.

91. Therapis straminea, un. s.

Pale straw-yellow, the wings white towards the basal

area ; primaries with slender blackish dashes across the

costal border; the base of this border speckled with

blackish ; the basal half of the second median inter-

space and a curved submarginal line from it to the apex

buff-yellow flecked with black ; a subapical black lunule

close to the outer margin; the apical fringe blackish

with bisinuated black inner line, being the commence-

ment of an interrupted lunulated black marginal line ;

secondaries minutely and sparsely speckled with blackish

scales; a slender blackish marginal line interrupted at

the ends of the nervures as in the primaries; wings

below pale creamy stramineous, whitish towards ‘the

internal area of primaries and the base of secondaries,

irrorated with brown, and with a brown marginal line ;

primaries with a small brownish spot at the origin of

the second median branch, and an oblique subapical

yellowish streak flecked with brown ; apical fringe black,

with sordid white centre between the veins ; secondaries

with an arched series of black dots on the veins beyond

the middle; body pale creamy buff or sordid white,

the legs slightly brownish; expanse of wings, 1 inch

6 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

The following species I must for the present refer

provisionally to Hpione, in which genus I have placed

their allies; at the same time they appear to me to

* Continued from p. 200, ante.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaART III. (SEPT.) 3G

402 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

be intermediate between that group and Therapis, the

dentate-smuate character of the margin beimg very

variable in different examples of the same species; in

pattern these insects more nearly resemble Strenia than

any other group. A remark which I made in a previous

paper respecting H. arenosa, strenioides, and leda has

been misunderstood by my friend Hauptmann yon Hede-

mann, who supposes that I regard these three species as

varieties of one insect: had I done so I should not have

described each separately as a new species; H. arenosa

at least is a perfectly distinct thing, even if all the

others should prove to vary into one another, but I am

rather inclined to believe that they will remain separate.

92. Hptone ossea, n. 8.

Bone-white, with a faint golden gloss ; wings minutely

and sparsely irrorated with brown; a sinuated brown

marginal line; frmge white, with brown spots at the

extremities of the veins; primaries with the basi-costal

area occupied by an oblong greyish brown patch, followed

immediately by a curved brown costal dash, and below

this by a few brown scales ; two slightly sinuous parallel

undulated dark brown parallel lines, one across the middle

and the other across the dise, both obsolete towards the

inner margin; a very irregular externo-discal brownish

streak; median and lower radial veins dark brown ;

secondaries crossed beyond the middle by a slender

streaky brown line; a pale buff irregular submarginal

line ; body with a dorsal longitudinal brown band spotted

with white, and with sinuated margins; wings below

almost as above; body below pale creamy buff; expanse

of wings, 1 inch 8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Allied to E. strenioides.

93. Hpione lachrymosa, n. s.

Dark greyish brown, with slight cupreous reflections

wings crossed beyond the middle by a double sinuous

and dentate-sinuate black line, between which, on the

secondaries, is a row of white spots ; immediately beyond

this double line is a white band mottled with black,

which on the primaries is widely interrupted in the

middle,—on the secondaries, however, itis only interrupted

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 403

by the nervures, is narrower than on the primaries, and

more sordid; beyond this is a series of unequal white

spots, submarginal on the primaries, marginal and con-

fined to the anal half on the secondaries ; wings below

nearly as above, but the costal border of the primaries

and the basal area of the secondaries mottled with pale

testaceous; a dusky zigzag stripe across the basal third

of the secondaries; body below testaceous ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Allied to EH. leda.

94. Tacparia ? morosa, n. 8.

Primaries above with the basal three-fifths greenish

erey, sericeous, mottled with black ; the basal two-fifths,

from inner margin to costal vein, reticulated with dark

cupreous-brown ; the external two-fifths rust-red towards

the costa, and rosy cupreous towards the external angle

and border ; a transverse discal series of white-pupilled

black spots and an apical oblique bluish white streak,

with a white spot at each end ; fringe with a basal series

of white dots ; secondaries grey, sericeous, speckled with

black, crossed before the middle by two parallel ferru-

ginous stripes, and beyond the middle by a series of

small blackish spots ; fringe darker, as in the primaries,

and with a similar basal series of white dots; thorax

dark cupreous-brown; antenne and vertex of head

white ; abdomen grey; under surface pale shining greyish

brown or drab, speckled with black; primaries crossed

by a broad diffused discal ferruginous belt ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 5 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

I do not feel certain that this species would not be

better placed under Cratoptera ; the two genera are nearly

allied; it has the general coloration of C. icaunarta.

95. Gynopteryx lapidea, n.s.

Upper surface sericeous stone-grey, with lines as in

G. grata,* but differently coloured ; primaries with a grey

line, elbowed close to the costa, across the basal third ; a

very oblique subapical costal red-brown dash ; a black

* Hpione grata, Butler,

404 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

dot at the end of the cell; an oblique ferruginous stripe

with pale outer edge from the apex of the primaries to

just below the middle of the abdominal margin of

secondaries ; wings below yellow, mottled with rust-red ;

the primaries with the base of costal border, internal

border, and external area mottled with hlacine-grey and

slossy ; external area bounded within by an angulated

ferruginous line; a black dot at the end of the cell;

secondaries paler than the primaries; external area

similar, but paler ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 7 lines.

Nikko (Marves).

This species is as large as G. thasusaria.

96. Endropia evanescens, n. 8.

Wings above sericeous, sordid whitish ; primaries with

the basal and apical fourths and the centre of costal

border brown flecked with black, the central and apical

patches being separated by a pure white oblong spot; a

scarcely perceptible dusky undulated line across the

basal third, and two similar parallel oblique lines across

the dise ; two black dots at the end of the discoidal cell ;

external border greyish towards apex; fringe blackish ;

secondaries pearl-grey towards the external border,

changing to almost pure white towards the base ; fringe

dusky ; thorax greyish brown ; abdomen sordid whitish ;

primaries below grey ; the costal and apical borders laky

brown, striated with blackish ; a subapical costal white

spot and an apical oblique white dash; a black disco-

cellular litura ; internal area whitish ; the discal lines as

above ; secondaries laky brown, speckled with blackish ;

a brown-bordered undulated discal line; a black dot at

the end of the cell; pectus sordid white; legs flecked

with grey; abdomen dull pale rosy brown ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 7 lines.

Yokohama (/7. Pryer).

97. Gareus fenestratus, Nn. 8.

Intermediate in character between G. mactans and

specularis, most like the latter, from which it chiefly

differs in the broader and whiter central belt, greyer

external area, and the regularly incurved blackish line

limiting the central belt internally at basal third of

Heterocerous Lepidoptera jrom Japan. 405

primaries ; from G. mactans it differs in its narrower

central belt, which is sericeous golden yellow varied

with semitransparent white, and flecked with brown,

and in the possession of the other hyaline spots which

occur in G. specularis ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 6 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

As both G. mactans and G. specularis are figured

species, there should be no difficulty in identifying

G. fenestratus.

98. Pericallia testacea, n.s.

Wings above sordid ochreous, shading into testaceous

towards the base, and speckled with blackish, crossed in

the middle by two rather widely separated badly limited

ereyish brown stripes, the outer one minutely undulated

and well defined on the secondaries, excepting towards

the apex in the male, where it expands into a diffused

dark greyish patch; primaries with the costal third

between the two central stripes occupied by a pale patch,

white in the female, and between this patch and the

apex two cuneiform costal spots, bright yellow in the

male, but white in the female; a small brown-edged

semitransparent whitish lunule at the end of the cell;

body testaceous ; under surface stramineous, flecked with

grey and banded with clay-brown; markings nearly as

above ; female paler than male; expanse of wings—

male 1 inch 9 lines, female 2 inches 1 line.

Tokei (Fenton).

Evidently a common species.

BOARMIIDA.

99. Hemerophila atrilineata, n.s.

Testaceous ; the wings above covered with innumerable

short grey-brown striz; primaries with a broad grey-

brown ill-defined belt from the inner border to the outer

margin below the apex; two sharply defined oblique

jet-black lines, the inner one running from the base of

inner margin to costa, and deeply dentate-bisinuate above

the second median branch; the outer one slightly sinuous,

and running from the middle of the inner margin to the

apex ; a pale undulated submarginal stripe ; secondaries

most densely striated towards the base; a jet-black

406 Mr. A. G. Butler's Descriptions of new

alternately subangulated line from abdominal margin to

costa near the apex; external border dusky, traversed by

a pale line ; prothorax and abdomen pale greyish brown,

rest of body dusky ; under surface whity brown ; wings

densely flecked with greyish brown, with blackish disco-

cellular spots and ill-defined undulated discal line ;

fringe spotted with grey; expanse of wings, 2 inches

3 lines.

Tokei (Fenton) ; Yokohama (H. Pryer).

100. Boarmia paupera, n.s.

Apparently nearest to B. repandaria of Europe ;

sericeous greyish white, mottled with grey ; wings above

crossed in the middle by two black lines, those of the

primaries widely and those of the secondaries slightly

divergent towards the costa ; the inner line less distinct

than the outer, and elbowed towards costa of primaries ;

outer line sinuated ; a submarginal sinuated white line

most distinct on the secondaries ; a marginal series of

black spots between the nervures connected by a very

slender black marginal line; central area of primaries

densely irrorated with black scales; under surface

sericeous greyish white, speckled with grey; a dot at

the end of each discoidal cell, and a discal series black;

a marginal series of blackish lunate spots: primaries

with a nebulous greyish discal belt; costa slightly

tinted with buff; apex white ; expanse of wings, 1 inch

9 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

101. Boarma nikkonis, n. s.

Allied to B. roboraria and consortaria, but whiter, the

wings being pale silvery grey, crossed by numerous snow-

white undulated stripes and short striz, and crossed by

two dentate-sinuate black-dotted dark grey lines, nearly

asin JB. roboraria, but the outer line of the secondaries

rather deeply sinuated beyond the cell; the marginal

black dots, and those bounded by the undulated discal

stripe, smaller and blacker, but the black disco-cellular

lunule, and the two short liturze opposite to it upon the

inner margin of the primaries in B. roboraria, obsolete

in this species ; the three usual black costal spots well

defined ; under surface quite unlike the Kuropean species ;

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 407

the primaries washed with smoky grey, darkest upon the

costal border ; costal black spots as above; a blackish

spot at the end of the cell; four indistinct curved and

slightly undulated discal grey lines in pairs; a marginal

series of small black dots ; frmge white, creamy towards

the base, and traversed by a central grey stripe;

secondaries paler than the primaries, no black costal

spots, but otherwise with similar markings ; body smoky

brown ; expanse of wings, 2 inches.

Nikko (Maries).

102. Boarma meesta, n. s.

Allied to B. rosaria of China and B. conferenda; grey ;

the wings crossed by five nearly equidistant irregular

dusky stripes, of which the second, fourth, and fifth are

edged externally with white ; the second stripe is double,

the third (which commences with an annular reniform

spot upon the primaries) is rather acutely angulated just

below the first median branch of these wings, the fourth

is sinuated and less irregular, and the fifth (which is

very broad upon the secondaries) is bounded externally

by a regularly zigzag white stripe ; a marginal series of

dusky spots; under surface pale, sericeous ; wings with

dusky disco-cellular dots, and beyond the cell an in-

distinct dusky line, followed by a similarly coloured

diffused discal belt ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 9 lines.

Yokohama (/. Pryer).

108. Boarmia definita, n. 8.

Above brownish white, speckled with blackish; wings

with black marginal spots; primaries with a distinct

central white belt, very broad above the middle of the

wing, but rapidly narrowing below the median vein, and

filled in with black towards the inner margin, bounded

internally by an angular black line and externally by

an oblique dentate-sinuate black line, which is inarched

above the third median branch; a black disco-cellular

spot; faint traces of a dusky submarginal line ;

secondaries with a dusky streak from the abdominal

margin to the end of the cell, where there is a black dot ;

a black arched dentate-sinuate line beyond the middle,

followed by a dusky arched submarginal stripe; body

browner than the wings ; under surface of wings creamy

408 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

white, with conspicuous grey disco-cellular spots and

faint traces of a discal greyish line; body below pale

sordid buff ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 10 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Not nearly allied to any known species; perhaps nearer

to B. roboraria than to anything else ; in marking some-

what like B. concursaria.

104. Boarmia picata, n. 8.

Allied to B. grisea,* but considerably larger, the

colours grey, black, and white; the outer half of the

central band of the primaries white, and the inner half

black; the central band of the secondaries white,

bounded internally by a straight black stripe, and ex-

ternally by two angulated and slightly undulated black

lines, the inner one of which is more slender and more

sharply defined ; the external area on all the wings is

dove-grey, blotched with black and traversed by a black-

bordered whitish zigzag line ; body grey ; abdomen barred

with black ; primaries below slaty grey towards the base,

with a broad central white band enclosing a dark grey

line along its outer edge; external area black, with a

pale buff apical spot and a large white marginal spot

across the second median interspace ; costa with two or

three pale buff spots; fringe pale creamy buff varied

with grey; secondaries white, the limes bounding the

central belt nearly as above; disco-cellular spot black

instead of grey; a slightly angular submarginal grey

band; a slender blackish marginal line; expanse of

wings, 2 inches.

Tokei (Fenton).

The most beautiful Boarmia I have ever seen; it is

also allied to the Indian B. pleniferata.

105. Tephrosia exculta, n. s.

Nearly allied to 7’. punctulata, but larger, shining

creamy white; the abbreviated second line of the

primaries only represented by a quadrate black costal

spot, and all the lines beyond the cell slender and more

oblique than in the European species ; the lines of the

secondaries, on the other hand, are far more distinct, and

* Tl. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. pl. xlix. fig. 2.

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 409

are blackish and five in number, the first crossing the

wing at basal third, and the others in pairs beyond the

middle; there is also a jet-black slender undulated

marginal line; thorax grey, crossed by two brown

bands; abdomen brown, banded with black; under

surface whity brown, shining, densely mottled with grey

striations; black disco-cellular spots, and an arched

discal series upon the veins; a slender black marginal

line ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 5 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

106. Xandrames sericea, n. 8.

Intermediate in character between X. dholaria of

Darjiling and X. latiferaria of China; fuliginous-brown,

shining, with bright cupreous reflections; primaries

with a diffused black spot in the cell; a broad oblique

slichtly angular white belt streaked with pale brown,

and with blackish border beyond the middle from the

subcostal vein to the lower half of the outer margin ;

secondaries with the external border white at the apex,

diffused ; wings below nearly as above, but rather paler,

more cupreous, much more sericeous, the black markings

obsolete, and the white belt of primaries less striated

with brown; expanse of wings, 3 inches 5 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

107. Stenotrachelys cinerea, n.s.

Smoky grey; wings above with ash-grey external

areas, bounded internally by an irregularly dentate-

sinuate olive-brown stripe; a second somewhat similar

stripe (angulated on the primaries) before the middle of

the wings, and between these two stripes a narrow

dusky ill-defined streak enclosed between two ill-defined

undulated whitish cinereous lines; basal area of prima-

ries striated with brown, and crossed by an angulated

olive-brown stripe; all the wings with marginal blackish

spots, and sordid white fringe varied with brown;

primaries below greyish brown, with slight bronzy

reflections; the basal area mottled with whitish, but

indistinctly ; a whitish slightly angulated post-median

band enclosing a dusky line; secondaries dull white,

striated indistinctly with grey; costal border sordid; a

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT III. (SEPT.) 3H

410 Mr. A. G. Ptter’s Descriptions of new

spot at the end of the cell, and a line beyond it from

costa to abdominal margin dusky; external area greyish

brown, with bronzy reflections; fringe as above; body

creamy white; expanse of wings, 1 inch 10 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

108. Bargosa rivulosa, 0. s.

Pale pinky brown; wings covered with fine transverse

orey strie; basal half crossed by two slightly undulated

parallel olive-brown stripes, the inner one not extending

into the secondaries, two sandy olivaceous discal stripes,

the outer one diffused internally; an indistinct sub-

marginal series of diffused sandy olivaceous spots

(almost forming an external border in the secondaries) ;

a marginal series of black dots; fringe olivaceous, with

a cream-coloured basal line; antenne with the main

stem creamy, and the pectinations dark greyish oliva-

ceous; palpi dark olivaceous; abdomen whitish at the

sides; under surface pale flesh-coloured, indistinctly

speckled with grey towards the external area; all the

wings with a conspicuous black disco-cellular spot; a

ereyish line connecting those of the front and hind

wings; an indistinct diffused brownish discal band ;

expanse of wings, 1 inch 10 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Allied to B. fasciata, Moore.

GEOMETRIDA.

109. Comibena vaqa, 0.8.

Wings above apple-green, with snow-white costal

border ; a semicircular red-edged snow-white spot at

external angle; frige cream-coloured, traversed by a

red stripe interrupted by white dots ; a barely perceptible

trace of a curved pale green line across the disc, but this

can only be seen in certain lights; secondaries with a

semicircular apical spot edged with red, and divided by

red veins; fringe as in primaries; body probably green

when fresh ; white, touched here and there with green,

in the type; antenne pale brown; head yellowish;

wings below sericeous snow-white, slightly tinted with

green, and crossed by a central apple-green stripe;

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 411

primaries washed in front with apple-green; body

sordid white; expanse of wings, 1 inch 3 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Allied to C. bajularia and C. neriaria.

110. Racheospila nympha, n.s.

Allied to “ Hucrostis” perlepidaria of Australia ; wings

above sea-green, rather bluer in the male than in the

female; each wing with a silver-centred reddish disco-

cellular spot edged with creamy white, and an irregular

discal series of cream-coloured spots; the female with

rosy edges to those of the secondaries, and with the

commencement of a second series near the base of the

primaries; a slender brown interrupted marginal line

shot with plumbageous ; fringe snow-white ; thorax pale

ereen; head and antenne white, the pectinations of the

latter slightly brown; abdomen pearly white; under

surface silvery white; expanse of wings, male 104 lines,

female 113 lines.

3, Tokei (Fenton); 2°, Yokohama (H. Pryer).

EPHYRID.

111. Synegia esther, n.s.

Nearly allied to S. hadassa, but differing in the much

darker lines across the wings, in the outer line being

expanded into a broad greyish belt from the third

median branch to the inner margin of primaries, and in

the presence of two diffused marginal spots on these

wings, the first subapical, the second (which is larger,

and extends inwards to the greyish belt) upon the

second median interspace; the female differs from the

male in its paler coloration, stramineous instead of

ochreous, and in the narrow (instead of expanded) discal

line; expanse of wings, male 1 inch 38 lines, female

1 inch 4 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer); °, Tokei (Fenton).

The male, sent in a former collection by Mr. Pryer, I

at first considered to be a variety of S. hadassa; but I

had then seen only two typical examples of that species

(like the female figured by me), and a specimen which I

believed to be a pale male. I have since then had an

opportunity of examining a good series taken at Tokei,

412 Mz..A.'G. Mher’s Descriptions of new

and have found both sexes of each form: S. esther bears

the same relation to S. hadassa that S. imitaria does to

S. botydaria.

112. Synegia inconspicua, n. 8.

Anisodes hadassa, 3 , Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 5, vol. i., p. 400 (1878).

Differs from S. hadassa in the pale rust-reddish

markings on the wings, which in S. hadassa are greyish

brown, the mottling of the wings is also much finer ;

expanse of wings, 1 inch 1—6 lines.

Yokohama (Jonas) ; Tokei (Fenton).

This species has altogether a yellower aspect than

S. hadassa, which is a distinctly paler insect altogether,

although with much more conspicuous pattern.

113. Synegia? fentoni, n. s.

3. Aspect of the preceding species, but showing no

trace of the plumbageous coloration upon the costal

border of the primaries, common to all the other

recognised species; upper surface clear bright ochreous,

wings sericeous, crossed by two slender slightly sinuous

(but not undulated or crinkled) brownish lines, the

inner one of the secondaries obsolete, and the outer one

darker and browner than on the primaries ; an ill-defined

submarginal series of squamose brownish spots, very

indistinct upon the secondaries; a blackish dot at the

end of each discoidal cell; costal area of secondaries

whitish ; under surface sandy ochraceous, markings very

indistinct ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 5 lines.

?. Whity brown, speckled with dull ferruginous and

smoky brown, markings smoky brown; otherwise as in

the male; expanse of wings, 1 inch 6 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

The pattern of this species is somewhat aberrant for a

Synegia; but I have hitherto not detected any structural

difference to warrant its separation from that genus.

ACIDALIIDA.

114. Somatina simplicior, n.s.

g. Allied to S. anthophilata ; sericeous creamy white,

sparsely speckled with brown; primaries crossed before

the middle by a slender sinuous brown line, incurved at

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 413

costa, and uniting with a blackish costal spot; a second

similar, but more angulated line, commencing and

terminating in a blackish spot, limiting the external

area; the blackish spot near external angle large

and streaked with pearly grey; external area, excepting

towards the costa and fringe, pale rosy brown; a fine

blackish marginal line; secondaries whiter than the

primaries; an angulated blackish line beyond the

middle, and a fine marginal line; under surface silvery

white, the frmge and the costal border of primaries

creamy yellowish; discoidal area of primaries slightly

grey; all the wings with disco-cellular dots, a slender

arched slightly undulated discal line, and a fine marginal

line blackish ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

115. Asthena sancta, n.s.

Snow-white, sericeous, minutely and sparsely irrorated

with black scales; minute black disco-cellular points ;

four pale testaceous undulated and sinuated stripes

between the basal third and the outer margin; wings

below with minute apical marginal dots between the

veins; black disco-cellular dots as above; a brownish

discal line, dentate-sinuate in the primaries, but irregu-

larly zigzag or castellated in the secondaries ; primaries

with a similarly coloured streak across the end of the

cell, and the base of the costal border brownish ; legs,

pectus, and under surface of antenne sordid ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 2 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Allied to ‘‘Acidalia”’ subpunctaria.

MICRONIIDA.

116. Myrteta angelica, n.s.

Snow-white, sericeous; primaries crossed by three

black stripes, the first two parallel and oblique, the

third much more transverse, beyond the middle of the

wing; external area finely striated with black, forming

in the female an abbreviated streak near the external

angle; a very indistinct yellowish stripe from the third

median branch to the external angle; a slender black

marginal line; secondaries crossed by two abbreviated

oblique subpayrallel golden testaceous lines, spotted with

414 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

black, the inner line extending to the subcostal vein, the

outer one to the third median branch; a large subanal

discal golden nebula bounded externally by two sub-

marginal black spots; a slender golden marginal line ;

front of head and antenne dark brown; under surface

sericeous, snow-white; wings with a black marginal

line ; primaries with the apical area, excepting a spot at

apex, pale greyish brown; the stripes of the upper

surface indistinctly visible through the wing ; secondaries

with an interrupted submarginal greyish streak ; expanse

of wings, male 1 inch 7 lines, female 1 inch 9 lines.

3, Nikko (Maries); 9, Yokohama (H. Pryer).

Nearly allied to the Indian M. planaria, but in colora-

tion much more like Hrosia himala.

For convenience sake I still retain the Hrosiide among

the Geometrites.

EROSIIDA.

117. Erosia cretacea, n.s.

Chalky white; wings slightly sericeous, crossed by a

pale testaceous angulated discal band, partly edged on

both sides with black, ill-defined excepting for its black

external edge towards the costa of primaries; beyond

this band a much interrupted and ill-defined streak of

the same colour, most distinct upon the secondaries ;

basal half of primaries irrorated with testaceous, a

rather darker angular line towards the base; a sub-

marginal blackish-speckled testaceous streak on the

apical half; secondaries crossed near the base by a

slender blackish line, and just beyond by blackish and

testaceous scales in three ill-defined series; two black

dots at the end of the cell; a submarginal abbreviated

black line between the tails, and a testaceous spot

enclosing a black dot above the inferior tail; abdomen

indistinctly barred with grey; under surface white,

primaries and legs sordid; antenne below ferruginous ;

expanse of wings, 1 inch 13 line.

Tokei (Fenton).

118. Hrosia plagifera, n.s.

Upper surface white; primaries with greyish basi-

costal area; a rather broad dark grey central band,

edged and striated with black, notched in front, inter-

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 415

rupted by the median branches, which are broadly white,

enclosing a large rounded black spot at the end of the

cell, and a small ferruginous spot at its outer edge near

the costa; disc striated with grey; a submarginal

abbreviated grey bar, edged externally with four unequal

rounded black spots opposite to the centre of the outer

margin; a blackish marginal line; fringe spotted with

blackish; secondaries crossed by two angulated tri-

coloured lines of black, white, and dull testaceous ;

two black spots near the base, and two larger spots just

beyond the cell; a broad increasing streak of plum-

bageous grey from the base below the cell to the outer

margin; a testaceous spot marked with black just above

the middle of the disc; a testaceous marginal stripe,

edged internally with black between the tails; fringe

streaked with black ; antenne testaceous below; abdomen

brown, banded with white ; under surface white, prima-

ries and legs brownish, all the wings with black disco-

cellulars and black-spotted fringe; expanse of wings,

9 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

119. Erosia schidacina, n. 8.

Structure of Hrosia, but general coloration and pattern

of Schidax squammaria; primaries above silvery grey ;

costal margin speckled with black; a falciform black

line, edged externally with testaceous, across the disc,

its lower third enclosed by a black patch at external

angle, which also encloses two plumbageous spots ;

external border narrowly golden testaceous, bounded

internally by a series of black dots; fringe black, with a

slender silvery basal line; secondaries golden, trans-

versely striped with black, most densely in a subbasal

belt, which does not, however, cross the lower half of

the cell; a tricoloured angulated discal stripe of black,

yellow, and brown, followed immediately by a plum-

bageous stripe, which widens into a band below the

third median branch; base silvery; subapical area

blackish brown; external border and fringe as in

primaries ; under surface pale greyish brown, flecked

with black; expanse of wings, 1 inch.

Tokei (Fenton) ; Hakodate (Whiteley).

The example obtained by Mr. Whiteley, having been

416 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

for many years incorporated with the general collection

and placed near to the species of Schidaxz, has hitherto

been overlooked.

120. Hrosia styx, n. 8.

Dull smoky black; primaries with a pale (sometimes

dull white) transverse band beyond the middle, bounded

externally by a zigzag velvet-black band, edged externally

by a plumbageous line ; basal and external areas sparsely

sprinkled with grey dots; centre of costal border spotted

with white ; a discal series of velvet-black spots, the fifth

from the costa white-bordered externally; a marginal

series of black spots edged with greyish white; a pale

marginal line; fringe white, with a black basal

line; secondaries with a pale angulated central belt

(sometimes dull white) edged with black and plum-

bageous grey; external border brown; a black dot above

the lower tail; upper tail aborted; a white marginal

line ; fringe white, with a black basal line; antenne and

vertex of head white, dotted with brown; under surface

smoky black, sericeous ; wings with dusky disco-cellular

spots and angulated post-median line, margin and fringe

nearly as above; secondaries sometimes with dull white

basal half; expanse of wings 10}—11} lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

CABERIDA.

121. Cabera magna, n. 8.

Pearly white ; wings crossed from basal third by three

nearly equidistant scarcely visible chain-like greyish

bands; primaries with a black dot at the end of the

cell, and two or three along the apical margin; head

and extremity of abdomen slightly yellowish (possibly

stained) ; wings below pearly white, without markings ;

costa of primaries and body below creamy ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 11 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

The largest Cabera known to me.

PSEUDOSTEGANIA, N. g.

Allied to Stegania, from which it differs in its rela-

tively larger primaries, and in the subcostal branches of

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. A417

the secondaries forking from a long foot-stalk ; in appear-

ance it is intermediate between Acidalia and Melanippe.

Type, P chrysidia.

122 Pseudostegania chrysidia, N. 8.

Pale golden stramineous, with pearly reflections ;

wings above with a conspicuous black dot at the end of

the cell; primaries with the pase of costal border striped

with purplish brown ; two slender subbasal brown lines ;

three angulated and zigzag subparallel lines just beyond

the cell; two submarginal parallel undulated greyish

brown lines, and a spot of. the same colour at apex;

secondaries crossed by three nearly equidistant grey-

brown lines; two or three marginal dots of the same

colour; under surface nearly as above; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 2 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

The following species should probably be placed (with

its allies) near to Timandra ; put, as this suggestion has

only just appeared in print, I have left it where it would

be looked for by Lepidopterists seeking to identify their

species, namely, in its old position in the family—

MACARIID.

123. Parasemia pryert, 0. 8.

Near to P. notata of Europe, with which it has long

been confounded, but uniformly larger, the first two

lines across the primaries commencing in well-marked

oblique brown dashes, the third or discal line distinctly

double throughout, the subapical costal brown patch

which almost touches it in P. notata being replaced by

two obliquely-placed brown dots nearer to the apex; the

second line of the secondaries sharply defined, angular,

not double, but a third greyish line parallel to the

second limiting the external border; on the under

surface the markings are sharply defined, the lines

being (as in P. notata) of a golden testaceous colour,

put those of the secondaries three in number and nearly

equidistant, as on the upper surface; expanse of wings,

1 inch 6 lines.

Hakodaté (Whately) ; Nikko (Maries) ; Tokei (Fenton) ;

Yokohama (Jonas).

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT II. (SEP'T.) oI

418 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

At first sight this species is extremely like P. notata

(the “ Macaria” notata of European collections), but a

comparison of the under surface of the secondaries

would convince the most sceptical that they were

perfectly distinct.

FIDONIIDA.

124. Numeria japonica, n. s.

Nearly allied to N. pulveraria, but the primaries with

the centre of the belt of the same colour as the rest of

the wing, and the inner stripe of the belt sinuous instead

of straight; the secondaries nearly as dark as the

primaries ; under surface with the stripes across the

wings better defined; expanse of wings, 1 inch 8—4

lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

125. Cleogene sordida, n. 8.

Nearest to C. lutearia, but the primaries pale greyish

brown, mottled all over with sandy brown, and with sandy

yellowish reflections*; basal line of fringe whitish ; body

grey ; margins of head, collar, tegule, and segments of

abdomen whitish ; wings below golden brown ; body white

below, the head and collar sordid; expanse of wings,

1 inch 2 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

C. peletieraria seems to me to come nearer to Scoria

than to C. lutearia; the upward curve of the costal

margin of primaries beyond the discoidal cell is charac-

teristic, although more apparent than real; this seeming

flexion of the margin is due to the greater length of the

costal border in the two species, C. peletieraria and

Scoria dealbata; in other respects the two genera

Cleogene and Scoria seem to be identical.

126. Osicerda paupera, n. s.

Cinereous ; wings sericeous ; primaries with two sub-

quadrate black costal spots, one before and one beyond

the middle; antenne white; head and collar pale

ochreous ; under surface of body grey, the front of pectus,

* The general tint is pale sandy brown, when seen without a lens.

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 419

palpi, and coxe clay-coloured; wings grey, washed with

pale rosy cupreous ; apical area of primaries ochraceous ;

expanse of wings, 1 inch.

Tokei (Fenton).

Nearest to O. costimaculata, Moore, from Darjiling.

127. Nadagara* flaviceps, n.s.

Pale glossy pinky brown, mottled all over with small

greyish dashes; primaries above with a small linear

black disco-cellular dot; secondaries crossed just before

the middle by a straight grey line; head, palpi, and

collar bright yellow; under surface more pearly than

the upper, the grey mottling darker, but the line across

the secondaries very indistinct; discoidal area of pri-

maries and basal half of costal border ochraceous ; front

of pectus yellowish ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

ZERENIDAs.

METaBRaXxas, Nn. g.

Intermediate in appearance between Abraxas and

Icterodes, but the primaries rather more elongated than

in either; the antenne of the males as broad as in

Icterodes, but fringed with small pencils of hair instead

of pectinated. Type M. clerica.

128. Metabraxas clerica, n.s.

Allied to ‘‘ Abraxas ”’ elegans and “‘ Abraxas” giraffata ;

wings above snow-white, spotted with smoky grey, the

spots having darker centres ; arrangement of spots nearly

as in Icterodes fraterna,t but the disco-cellular spot of

the primaries free, as in J. jaguaria, and the two subbasal

series of spots well separated ; the base of the primaries

rather broadly ochreous ; the spots on the external area

for the most part confluent, so as to form almost a com-

plete external border, those of the secondaries less

perfectly confluent, arranged in three alternating series ;

body pale buff, with two longitudinal series of black spots ;

* Although placed here by Walker, the genus Nadagara seems

to me to be more nearly allied to Apicia and Gynopteryx than to

any genus of Fidoniide.

+ Ill. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. pl. xxxvii. fig. 9.

420 Mr. A. G. Miers Descriptions of new

the prothorax bright ochreous ; wings below nearly as

above, but the grey markings more completely confluent

and unicolorous; the base of primaries not ochreous ;

body cream-coloured, front of pectus ochreous; first

two pairs of legs broadly banded above with smoky

grey; expanse of wings—male 2 inches 6 lines, female

2 inches 5 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

129. Callabraxas propinqua, n. 8.

Allied to C. placida,* but decidedly larger, with com-

plete double submarginal series of large spots round the

outer borders of the wings; primaries with three com-

plete basal series of spots; the yellow border confined

to the fringe of the wings; expanse of wings—male

1 inch 8 lines, female 1 inch 9 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

130. Callabraxas evanescens, n. s.

Also allied to C. placida, but the central band of

primaries not interrupted externally, only represented

internally by two unequal costal spots and the disco-

cellular spot ; on the secondaries the band is represented

by a single interrupted series of large grey spots; ex-

ternal border quite different, with two submarginal series

of grey spots, the inner series interrupted on all the

radial interspaces; a dark grey marginal line; fringe

white; no yellow on the border; expanse of wings,

1 inch 9 lines.

Female. Tokei (Fenton).

This seems to be a very well-marked species.

LARENTIIDA.

131. Oporabia nexifasciata, n. 8.

Allied to O. neglectaria of Stephenst; differs from it

and from QO. dilutata in its more uniform coloration, the

primaries above with two distinct slender subbasal bands,

the third band (which is the second in O. dilutata) double,

* Abraxas placida, Ill. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. pl. liii. fig. 1.

; } Supposed by that author to be possibly a variety of O. dilu-

aud.

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 421

only separating into a fork towards the costa, fourth

band tapering towards the inner margin, fifth or sub-

marginal band nearer to the margin than in O. dilutata,

and only well defined towards the costa; secondaries

uniformly pale silvery grey ; under surface whity brown,

markings ill-defined, disco-cellular spots small but dis-

tinct ; secondaries with a fairly well-marked arched

dusky stripe beyond the middle, and a very faint sub-

marginal stripe; expanse of wings, 1 inch 6 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

1382. Collix minuta, n. s.

Above pale shining greyish brown ; wings with blackish

disco-cellular spots; external third dusky and crossed by

an arched and slightly undulated band rather paler than

the ground colour, and enclosing a dusky line, and by a

submarginal pale undulated line becoming zigzag towards

the costa of primaries; a series of blackish marginal

dots ; primaries below metallic golden ochreous, streaked

and banded with silver and black as follows: apical area

black, crossed by two arched silver bands; a discoidal

silver stripe interrupted by a black disco-cellular spot ;

two abbreviated black-tipped silver streaks from the

outer margin, and an interno-median silver streak

spotted with blackish from base to outer margin ;

secondaries silvery white, with golden ochreous costal

area ; a costal spot, a large disco-cellular spot, a straight

discal band, and an external border blackish; body

silvery ; expanse of wings, 10 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

The species which I described as Collix vashti should

have been referred to Scotosia.

133. Lobophora muscigera, 0.8.

?. In size rather larger than L. lobulata, in pattern

more like L. viretata ; primaries dull sap-green, crossed

by undulated white lines, excepting upon the central

belt, which encloses an irregular black-edged white and

ferruginous band, and is crossed by black, or partly

black, nervures ; discal band represented by three ferru-

ginous spots, and a black dash on each of the nervures ;

basal area pale brown, bounded by an irregular series of

black dots ; costal margin and fringe dotted with black ;

—_

422 Mr. A. G. Butler's Descriptions of new

secondaries pale sericeous brownish grey; body brownish ;

palpi white, streaked with black ; antenne white at base ;

under surface shining greyish brown, with indications of

an angulated post-median and a slightly undulated sub-

marginal slightly darker band; disco-cellular veinlets

black; legs blackish, spotted or banded with white ;

expanse of wings, 1 inch 5 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

134. Melanthia yokohame, n. s.

Creamy white ; base of primaries olive-brown, crossed

by an irregular greyish brown band with black-edged

whitish margins ; an irregularly zigzag band just beyond

the middle outlined in black, filled in towards the costa

with grey, its outer edge dotted with black upon the

nervures and followed by two parallel greyish brown

lines which form the internal boundary of the external

area, the latter filled in by two bands, the inner one

narrower than the outer, olive-brown to the upper radial

vein, and then changing to very pale grey, the outer

band grey, blotched with dull brown, not extending to the

costa, divided from the brown band by a zigzag black

line; a marginal series of black liture; fringe grey

tipped with white, wholly white at apex; secondaries

sordid towards the outer margin, a marginal series of

very slender black liture ; a double grey undulated sub-

marginal line; a black dot at centre of abdominal

margin, and an abbreviated zigzag black line half-way

between the latter and the anal angle; thorax dark

brown ; abdomen with six dorsal brownish spots in pairs ;

under surface of wings sericeous pale brown, with black

disco-cellular spots and undulated post-median line ; a

double grey submarginal stripe ; primaries with a diffused

erey patch inthe cell; body below pale sandy brown ;

expanse of wings, 1 inch 2 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

Allied to M. rujficillata of Europe.

135. Coremia fulvida, n. s.

General aspect of C. ferrugata of Europe, excepting

that the base of primaries is broadly blackish, with a

whitish external edge; a subbasal band of grey varied

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 423

with ochreous, followed by a slightly irregular white-

edged central belt, which is dark fuliginous-grey inter-

nally, but cinereous externally ; the undulations of the

white external edge of the central belt dotted internally

with black; a black disco-cellular dot ; costa within the

band black varied with grey; an undulated ochreous

stripe immediately beyond the central belt, partly inter-

rupted above the middle by an irregular abbreviated

transverse blackish stripe, and at the first median branch

by a blackish spot; external border grey; fringe grey,

traversed by a darker line, and tipped with white ;

secondaries silvery grey with sordid fringe; body above

dark brown, a silvery white transverse line just behind

the thorax; head and base of abdomen yellowish ;

wings below leaden grey; the disco-cellulars and an

angulated discal series of spots blackish; a dusky

subapical streak; body below brownish ; legs blackish

above, the tarsi with whitish bands ; expanse of wings,

1 inch 1 line.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

Nearest to the South African ‘‘ Cidaria”’ scotosiata of

Walker.

136. Scotosia ignobilis, n. s.

Most like ‘‘ Phibalapteryx”’ floridata from Kast Florida ;

dark smoky grey; primaries irrorated with cinereous at

the base, crossed near the base by a slightly sinuous

blackish line; central belt of the same form as in

Cidaria picata, slightly darker than the ground colour,

edged with black, and traversed by two blackish lines ; a

black disco-cellular dot ; external border dusky, traversed

by a squamose undulated cinereous submarginal stripe ;

fringe with a whitish basal line; secondaries crossed by

numerous parallel dusky lines, three across the centre of

the wing rather better defined than the others, the third

being partly black; fringe whitish; under surface whitish ;

disco-cellular spots black, followed by four dusky angu-

lated lines, the third of which is blackish; external

border broadly grey; legs above black, barred with

white ; body and legs below sandy whitish ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 5 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

424 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Descriptions of new

137. Cidaria minna, n. s.

Primaries above silvery white, crossed by numerous

dull bronze-brown undulated lines; base and a broad

central irregular belt dark bronze-brown, three black

undulated lines upon the belt, the inner one running to

the disco-cellulars, which are also black; a black costal

spot between the basal patch and the central belt, and

two white costal dots upon the belt; a submarginal

interrupted arched series of blackish spots and a mar-

ginal series of smaller spots; fringe spotted with black ;

secondaries pale grey, with three parallel abbreviated

white discal lines from the abdominal margin; fringe

white, rather yellowish at base, and traversed by a grey

line; head and thorax black-brown ; abdomen grey; a

large testaceous anal tuft in the male; primaries below

leaden grey, crossed beyond the middle by a zigzag

angular white line bounding the external area, the latter

sprinkled with whitish scales, and crossed by pale buff

veins, between which is a submarginal series of white

spots ; costal area sprinkled with white scales, the border

crossed near the base by two blackish spots, and beyond

the middle by three buff spots; fringe golden yellow

tipped with white, and traversed by a greyish line;

secondaries white, irrorated with grey; disco-cellulars

black ; a dusky zigzag post-median line, followed by two

indistinct parallel limes; a submarginal series of grey

and white spots; frmge as in primaries; body below

greyish ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 2 lines.

Male, Tokei (Fenton) ; female, Yokohama (H. Pryer).

The males obtained by Mr. Fenton are in poor condition.

138. Cidaria mariesit, n. 8.

Primaries above with the basal two-thirds dark smoky

erey, with undulated outer edge; two subbasal black

lines, followed by an angular white-edged grey band;

two pale-edged reversed undulated black central lines

slightly diverging towards the costa; external area

creamy, traversed by white undulated lines, crossed by

yellowish veins, and faintly striped with grey internally

between the white lines ; two subcostal black spots; a

semicircular marginal blackish spot and a second smaller

spot confluent with and above it towards the apex ; some-

times a third spot near external angle; fringe yellowish

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 425

at base, tipped with white, and traversed by a grey line ;

secondaries sordid white, traversed by parallel pale grey

lines, which change to black below the middle of the

abdominal margin ; external border greyish; fringe as

in primaries ; thorax whitish, tegule blackish, vertex of

head slightly yellowish ; abdomen dark reddish brown,

with whitish edges to the segments; under surface

sericeous-white, traversed from the middle by ill-defined

parallel greyish lines ; disco-cellular spots and a slender

marginal line black ; frmge creamy yellowish at base,

and traversed by a grey line; body below yellowish ;

expanse of wings, 1 inch 2 lines.

Nikko (Maries) ; Tokei (Fenton).

Nearest to C. dimidiaria, Motschulsky.

139. Cidaria pryeri, un. s.

Near to C. substituta; also very near to the preceding

species, from which it differs as follows: primaries with

the basal two-thirds slaty grey, the black lines across it

more numerous; the margins of the subbasal band

yellow; the external area yellow, a grey line just beyond

the central belt (which forms part of the basal two-thirds

of the wing); an angular discal series of black lunate

spots just beyond and parallel to the grey line, the largest

spots being towards the costa, where they lose their

lunate character and become oblong; subapical costal

area blackish; three submarginal black spots towards

apex, and one blackish spot near the external angle ;

secondaries with the basal two-thirds greyish, par-

ticularly towards the abdominal margin ; body yellower

than in C. mariesii; under surface of wings with the

basal two-thirds grey, bounded externally by an angular

blackish line; a discal series of dusky spots; costa

and body below yellowish; expanse of wings, 1 inch

4 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer) ; Tokei (Fenton).

The example from Tokei is much worn, and therefore

more nearly resembles C. mariesti than the type does.

140. Cidaria? anomala, n. s.

General coloration of Scotosia ; primaries above dark

smoky brown, sprinkled with a few whity brown stria-

tions ; a pale oblique elbowed line across the basal third,

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT II. (SEPT.) 3K

all :

426 Mr. Butler’s Descriptions of Lepidoptera, cc.

external fourth brassy yellow, speckled with black, and

interrupted by a large quadrate costal patch, and an

angulated discal patch across the median branches, the

centre of the external area deeply sinuated internally ;

fringe pale buff, spotted with black ; secondaries smoky

srey, with paler striations scattered here and there all

over the surface, those nearest the external border pale

yellow; two slender irregular pale yellow discal lines ;

fringe pale buff, spotted with black, the spots connected

by a grey line; thorax smoky brown; abdomen smoky

erey, with whitish edges to the segments; primaries

below grey, otherwise nearly as above ; secondaries grey,

mottled with creamy white, which merges into butt

towards the external margin ; this mottling is confluent

towards the base and across the disc so as to give the

appearance of an angular central belt ; veins barred with

black ; a black spot on the disco-cellulars ; fringe buff,

spotted with black ; body below buff, mottled with greyish

brown; expanse of wings, 1 inch 9 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

This seems to be a tolerably common species.

141. Thera granitalis, n. 8.

Primaries above white, densely speckled all over with

olive-brown, crossed at basal third by an oblique irre-

cular white line, which unites, at its inferior extremity,

with the inner edge of the central belt ; the latter black-

brown, of the usual irregular form, but divided by the

union of its white borders in the centre of the interno-

median interspace; a sinuated white discal line and a

marginal series of white lunules; an oblique apical

cream-coloured dash; fringe cream-coloured, spotted

with dark brown; secondaries greyish white; a dusky

marginal line; body blackish, varied with grey and

white ; under surface sericeous-white; markings in-

distinct ; secondaries with dusky disco-cellular spot and

slender angular post-median line; a pale greyish discal

line ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 6 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer) ; Tokei (Fenton).

Ky SET)

XXVII. Descriptions of new Longicorn Coleoptera from

India, Japan, and Africa. By Cuartes O. WatTER-

HOUSE.

[Read August 3rd, 1881. |

Some collections recently received have furnished many

interesting novelties among the Longicorn Coleoptera. I

give here descriptions of a few of them. Among the

Prionde is a new Cacoscelis, which I propose to call

C. latus on account of its being one-third broader than

either of the known species. The second is a Macrotoma,

remarkable among its brown or black congeners by

having metallic-green elytra. Among the Cerambycide

is one most remarkable new genus, apparently allied to

Megacelus, with short strongly dentate (almost pectinate)

antenne, and with the apical segments contracted,

excavated in the middle, and laminated at the sides of

the excavation. Mr. Bates has two examples from West

Africa, and there is a single specimen of an allied

species from §.K. Africa in the British Museum : all three

females. The general appearance of the insect reminds

one of the genus Hletica among the Cantharide.

Among the Lamiude is an interesting new species of

Echthistatus from Japan, being the second species received

from that country; and avery fine Monochamus allied to

our European M. sartor, but very distinct ; the antenne

of one of the examples measure 43 inches in length.

PRIONIDA.

Cacoscelis ? latus, n. 8.

Piceus, subtus nigro-piceus, latus, depressus ; capite

ruguloso, thorace fortiter rugoso, lateribus impressis

post-medium emarginatis, elytris opacis, confertim sub-

tiliter punctatis et rugulosis. ?. long. 24 hnn., lat.

9 lin.

Much broader and more depressed than C. edipus,

White. The head is not narrowed behind the eyes,

which are in consequence not prominent ; all the surface

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1851.—PaRT Il. (SEPT.)

428 Mr. C. 0. waferhouse’s Descriptions of new

is rugulose and finely punctured, but shining. The

antenne are relatively broader than in C. wdipus, with

the fourth to tenth joints with their apical angle more

prominent, sparingly punctured. The very transverse

shining thorax has the surface almost plicate, with the

raised parts finely and sparingly punctured ; there is an

impression in the middle ; the sides are much depressed,

slightly curved from the anterior angles to the acute

lateral tooth made by the posterior emargination ; this

tooth is directed backwards ; midway between this tooth

and the anterior angle there is a very slight projection ;

between the lateral tooth and the base there is an obtuse

projection nearly similar to that in C. a@dipus. The

scutellum is very broad, sparingly punctured. The very

broad flattened elytra are arcuately narrowed at the

apex, and separately rounded, the sutural angle oblite-

rated ; the sculpture is finely rugulose, mixed with fine

punctuation ; it is much finer at the apex than at the

base, and the region of the shoulders is beset with

minute tubercles. The prosternal process is rather

flat, longitudinally impressed on each side; the meso-

sternum is broader than in C. wdipus, and is not deeply

channelled.

Hab. Cape G. H., Namaqualand. 3B. M.

I have only seen two examples, both females, of this

species, the property of the South African Museum. One

of the specimens has now been presented to the British

Museum. It seems not unlikely, from the form of the

head and thorax, and the broad form and rough sculpture

of the elytra, that this species may prove to be the type

of a new genus when the male is known.

Macrotoma @neipennis, i. 8.

Nigra, subopaca; capite parvo, thorace convexo,

creberrime punctulato, antice parum angustato, supra

maculis tribus nitidis impressis, lateribus fere rectis,

dentibus minutis triangularibus instructis, angulis pos-

ticis spina acuta armatis, elytris eneis, nitidis, aureo vel

cupreo parum tinctis, crebre punctatis, postice paulo

angustatis, juxta scutellum gibbosis et tuberculis minutis

instructis, pectore opaco creberrime punctato, meta-

sterno plaga triangulari abdomineque nitidis parcius

punctulatis, femoribus et tibiis anticis scabrosis, pedibus

posteribus levioribus. ¢. Long. 15} lin.

Coleoptera from India, Japan, and Africa. 429

This species, by its green elytra, is at once distinguished

from all its allies. It is nearest to M. absurdwm, Newm.

The head below has a ridge within each eye; these two

ridges converge posteriorly. The prosternal process is

narrow, convex and parallel. The third joint of the

antenne is concave above, and more strongly so below ;

the basal joint is concave below, both sparingly scabrous ;

the ninth, tenth, and eleventh joints are dull and longi-

tudinally furrowed.

Hab. §.E. India. B. M.

CERAMBYCIDA.

PLECTOGASTER, N. g.

@. Head not much narrowed behind the eyes, which

are strongly emarginate. Antenne short and thick; a

little more removed from the eyes than in Dorcasomus ;

the first joint rather flattened, elongate-triangular ; the

second very small; the third to tenth with the mner

apical angle strongly and acutely produced ; the eleventh

joint irregularly fusiform. Thorax impressed at the

base, and strongly so before the front, constricted

anteriorly, the front margin raised and produced over

the back of the head; with four obtuse swellings on the

back, a tubercle about the middle of the side, and with a

lateral oblique ridge before the posterior angle and before

the anterior angle. Elytra somewhat flattened dorsally,

slightly narrowed towards the apex, which is obtuse ;

the shoulders are very obtuse; each elytron has three

fine raised lines. The prosternal process is very narrow

and arched. The mesosternum is moderately broad.

The metasternum is very large, but not so long as broad.

The first abdominal segment is very large, and as long

as the metasternum; the second segment is nearly

as long, fringed at the apex; the following segments are

retracted, laminated, and densely pubescent. The

femora are very compressed ; the tarsi narrow.

I propose this genus for a most remarkable insect in

Mr. H. W. Bates’s collection from the Camaroons. Mr.

Bates referred it to the genus Megacelus, a genus which

was only known to him from having seen it some years

ago in this Museum collection. I think, however, that

the structure of the antenne and thorax are so different

that it is desirable to separate it generically. The

elevated and produced front margin of the thorax is

480 Mr.C. 0. ay Merhonscts Descriptions of new

a marked peculiarity ; an approach to this is met with

in Sagridola in the Lepturine.

The following is the description with which Mr. Bates

has furnished me :—

** Megacelus pectinicornis, n. 8.

‘‘Hlongatus, niger, femoribus (basi exceptis) flavo-

testaceis ; capite exserto, angusto ; palpis articulo termi-

nali ovato, apice obtuso; antennis brevibus articulis

8—10 apice productis, breviter pectinatis; thorace

elongato, antice angustato, supra ineequali bituberculato,

polito, lateribus unispinosis; elytris oblongis, lateribus

parallelis apice late rotundatis, supra basi politis, versus

apicem crebre alveolato-punctatis, tricostatis ; pedibus

robustis, femoribus compressis, elongato-ovatis, tarsis

latis, articulis 1—2 triangularibus, equalibus.

“9, Ventri segmentis 1—2 maxime elongatis, hoc

apice ciliato, ceteris segmentis omnino retractis. Long.

Lin, 16 Tin,

“‘T venture to refer this remarkable Longicorn to the

genus Megacelus, from the similar structure of its abdo-

men, and its evident affinity in other respects. It differs,

however, in its pectiniform antenne and anteriorly-

narrowed and prolonged thorax. The anterior coxe and

prosternum are constructed as in Dorcasomus ; the eyes

are also similar ; but the mandibles are long, robust, and

falcate, and the palpi much longer, and the mesosternum

is rather broader between the haunches. ‘The antenne

are much shorter than in either sex of D. Delegorquei.

‘* Hab. Mount Cameroons, W. Africa ; two examples.”

H. W. Bares.

I propose giving a figure of this species in part viii. of

my ‘ Aid to the Identification of Insects.’

Plectogaster thoracica, n. 8.

Nigra, sat nitida, tenuissime pilosa; thorace crebre

punctato, tuberculis quatuor depressis nitidis, glabris,

lateribus tuberculo parvo acuto instructis, elytris dense

punctatis, nervis nonnullis nitidis. ¢. Long. 26 lin.

This species differs from P. pectinicornis in having the

femora black; the head is densely and finely rugulose ;

the thorax is rather more produced over the head (the

lateral tubercle is smaller), the whole surface is rather

thickly punctured, somewhat strongly in front, more

Coleoptera from India, Japan, and Africa. 481

delicately behind; the elytra are thickly punctured at

the base and apex, very densely and more finely punc-

tured over the discal area; each elytron has three fine

elevated lines besides an indistinct shorter one at

the side.

Hab. Mamboio, Usagava Mountains. B. M.

The specimen from which I have taken the above

description is in imperfect condition, and has lost its

antenne. It is a female, and the structure of the abdo-

men does not appear to differ materially from the species

described by Mr. Bates. We shall look forward with

much interest to the discovery of the males of these

remarkable insects.

LAMIIDA.

Echthistatus binodosus, n. 8.

Fuscus, dense fusco-pilosus ; capite sat crebre punc-

tato. pone oculos rugoso, thorace medio paulo dilatato

ibique utrinque spina valida acuta armato, supra inequali

sicut trinodoso, elytris basi thorace latioribus medio

parum ampliatis, apicem versus gradatim angustatis

singulatim acute productis, basi utrinque noda rotundata

nigra nitida notata, lateribus carina obtusa postice

granulosa instructis. Long. 9 lin.

The surface of the thorax is uneven and rugulose, and

on the disk three slight elevations may be traced. The

elytra are very gently convex on the back, almost per-

pendicularly deflexed at the sides, the deflexed portion

being surmounted by an obtuse carina which extends

from the shoulder to the apex; there is a well-marked

concavity above each shoulder, and near the scutellum

there is a small, very prominent, round bladder-like

tubercle. All the surface is studded with minute granules.

The apices are divergent and acutely produced.

Hab. Tokei, Japan.

Monochanus grandis, ni. 8.

Niger; thorace confertim ruguloso, lateribus plaga

flavo-tomentosa notatis, scutello flavo-tomentoso, elytris

perparum ereo-tinctis, basi crebre granulosis, medio

fascia irregulari obliqua et ante apicem plaga griseis et

passim maculis parvis griseis vel flavidis ornatis. Long.

13—22 lin.

432 Mr. Wakerhaneet Desens ptions of Coleoptera, &e.

Allied to and of nearly the same form as M. sartor, F.

The thorax has the lateral spine smaller and more acute,

and there is a somewhat distinct swelling at the pos-

terior part of the disk. ‘The elytra are rather longer,

more impressed within the shoulders, and in the male

are less narrowed posteriorly. The sculpture is

altogether different. The head and thorax are sparingly

clothed with yellowish pile, densely and finely rugose.

The elytra have the basal sixth closely beset with minute

shining granules; the rest of the surface is sparingly

punctured, except at the side below the shoulders, where

it is asperate-punctate ; the whole clothed with the finest

ashy pile. Some of the specimens have no markings,

but usually, in the smaller examples, there is a whitish

oblique, much interrupted fascia about the middle, anda

patch at some distance from the apex; and at the suture,

sides and apex there are numerous dots and spots of

greyish or yellowish pile. The female has the markings

much more distinct, and above each pale band there is

some blackish pile. The antenne are brown; in the male

rather more scabrous than in WW. sartor (measuring in a

large example 43 inches), and in the female smooth and

annulated with greyish.

Hab. Japan (Maries).

( 433 )

XXVIII. On some new species of Rhopalocera from

Southern Africa. By Rouanp Trimen, F.L.S., &c.,

Curator of the South-African Museum, Cape Town.

[Read August 3rd, 1881.]

The butterflies here treated of are the following,

viz. :-—

Acrea Barberi, Crenis Morantii,

Acrexa fenestrata, Salamis nebulosa,

Leptoneura Oxylus, Lycenesthes livida.

All are natives of the extra-tropical region of Southern

Africa, and only Salamis nebulosa appears to extend

within tropical limits. I propose to give figures of these

species, as well as of others which will form the subject

of a further communication to the Society, in the work

which I am preparing on the South-African Rhopalocera

generally.

NYMPHALIDA.

ACRAIN A.

Acrma, Fab.

Acrea Barberi, n. s.

Exp. al. 2 in. 53—9$ lin. (male) ; 3 in. 2 lin. (female).

3. Warm brick-red, tinged with carmine; spotted

and edged with black. Fore wing :—base suffused with

black, narrowly near costa, but more widely on inner

margin; costa edged with fuscous very narrowly; from

apex to posterior angle a broad hind-marginal fuscous

border, containing seven large yellow-ochreous spots, of

which the first is smallest, and the second not enclosed

by fuscous on its inner edge; a large elongate spot

closing discoidal cell; a similar marking in the cell not

far from the extremity, and another (of variable size and

rounded) in the cell. near base; slightly beyond the

last-named spot, and below median nervure, a curved

elongate spot, and another (also below median nervure)

between first and second median nervules ; a spot below

first median nervule, not far from posterior angle;

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRtT III. (SEPT.) 3.1L

434 My. Roland Trimen on some new species of

beyond discoidal cell a subapical transverse black bar

of five confluent spots, extending from costa to second

median nervule, and slightly curving inwardly at its

lower extremity; beyond this the ground colour is

slightly tinged with yellow-ochreous. Hind wing :—

Base rather widely suffused with black, a disco-cellular

spot being partly confluent with the suffusion; a small

spot surmounted by a thin short streak at extremity of

discoidal cell; an irregular transverse discal row of

seven rather small spots, of which the first and sixth

are nearest base; on inner margin an eighth spot is

indistinctly perceptible; a moderately broad interiorly-

crenelated hind marginal black border, completely

enclosing seven rather small yellow-ochreous spots. Cilia

white, interrupted with fuscous at extremities of ner-

vules. Under side :—Markings similar; but hind wing

and small subapical space of fore wing pinkish white,

and ground colour of fore wing pale salmon-pink. Fore

wing :—Base slightly suffused with black below median

nervure only; two very small black spots on costa at

base, and a third (very small also) close to base in dis-

coidal cell. Hind wing :—The basal black is a sharply-

defined patch enclosing six white spots; an eighth and a

ninth black spot continue the discal row to inner-mar-

ginal edge before middle ; a regular row of seven or eight

broad red lunulate marks interiorly bounding hind-mar-

ginal black border; also some red suffusion exteriorly

bounding basal black; spots in hind-marginal border

larger than on upper side, and conspicuously creamy

white.

9. Semitransparent in fore wing; ground colour

very much duller and paler ; basal black almost obsolete ;

all the blackish markings smaller and much fainter,

especially the hind-marginal border of hind wing, which

is all but obsolete. Under side :—Except in the trans-

parency of the fore wing with its fainter spots and

duller white of the hind wing, like that of male.

This Acrea stands between A. Acara, Hewitson, and

A. Chilo, Godman (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880,

p- 184, pl. xix., figs. 4, 5), a native of Abyssinia. It

differs from the former in its much less developed

black markings (particularly the basal black of both

wings, and the subapical bar and apical border of the

fore wing), and in the apical yellow-ochreous of the

fore wing being very much fainter. In the female these

Rhopalocera from Southern Africa. 435

differences are as marked as in the male, but the former

is also distinguished by the remarkable transparency of

the fore wing. From A. Chilo, on the contrary, A.

Barberi is in both sexes distinguishable by its stronger

black markings (with the exception of the inner edge of

the fuscous hind-marginal border of the fore wing in the

male and of both wings in the female, which in A. Chilo

is unbroken near apex of fore wing)), and in the female by

‘the much less transparency of the fore wing. The under

side markings and colouring of A. Barberi agree entirely

with those of A. Acara, except that the former are

smaller.

I have named this butterfly after its discoverer, Mr.

H. Barber, who captured the two males and the female

here described in the Transvaal country during the year

1873. Mr. Barber collected a number of species in that

region, but did not note localities further than stating

that all were taken to the North of Pretoria.

To this species, I consider, should be referred two

butterflies received at the South-African Museum, viz.,

a male taken on the Vaal River by Col. J. H. Bowker,

and a female forwarded from some part of the Transvaal

by Mr. D. Arnot. These examples are clearly referable

to one and the same variation, both having the apical

yellow-ochreous of fore wing more pronounced, while the

interior fuscous edging of the hind marginal border is

almost obsolete. In the male this last-named character

extends in a less marked degree to the hind wing; while

in the female the peculiar transparency is not noticeable,

the wings being quite as opaque as in ordinary females

of A. Acara.

Acrea fenestrata, n. 8.

Exp. al. 2 in. 2 lin. (male).

$. Warm fulvous-ochreous, inclining to rufous, with

narrow black borders and a few black spots. Fore

wing :—Base very narrowly marked with black, which

extends for a little distance along inner margin; costa

very thinly black-edged from near base, but more widely

near apex; hind margin narrowly black-edged through-

out, and all the nervules near it clearly defined with

black—those near apex for the greatest length, and the sub-

median nervure least of all; basal area thinly irrorated

with black ; in discoidal cell near extremity a moderate-

sized reniform spot; at extremity an elongate and more

436 Mr. Roland Men on some new species of

irregular marking of about the same size ; a little beyond

the cell, between subcostal nervure and third median

nervule, an oblique row of three small rounded contiguous

spots; immediately bounding the second and third spots

of this row externally, two small elongate transparent

markings with ill-defined edges; below the third spot of

the row, and well separated from it, a very small rounded

black spot, between third and second median nervules ;

a similar slightly larger spot between median and sub-

median nervures, on edge of basal irroration; and a

third, larger and not so rounded, between first median

nervule and submedian nervure beyond middle. Hind

wing :—Base more widely marked with black than in

fore wing; black.spots very small and few in number,

viz., two in discoidal cell (that near base confounded

with black suffusion); one on upper disco-cellular

nervule; one above, and one below, cell; and five

minute ones in a very irregular discal row about middle

(interrupted widely about the branching of median

nervure), of which only the first, fourth, and fifth are

distinct; hind margin with a rather narrow, well-marked,

unspotted black border. Under side :—Hind wing and

apical area of fore wing, cream-colour dusted finely with

srey: Fore wing:—A narrow edging of cream-colour

along costa; spots as on upper side, with the addition of

a black dot on costa at base ; ground colour paler, more

glossy, inclining to pink; apical and hind-marginal

cream-colour crossed by conspicuous internervular

orange rays, of which the longest is between subcostal

nervure and upper radial; nervules and hind margins

more finely and thinly defined with black than on upper

side, particularly the latter. Hind wing :—Black spots

better defined than on upper side, especially those of

median transverse row, an additional one on costa near

base; another on inner-margin near base; and two

between submedian nervure and inner margin a little

before termination of median row; a very thin hind-

marginal black edging line preceded at a little distance

by an equally thin festooned line; the space between

these two lines is clear cream-colour, without irroration,

but is crossed by the very fine black nervular lines ;

before the festooned line, a row of eight conspicuous

cuneate orange markings of about equal size, the eighth

interiorly becoming pink; other dispersed pink markings,

irregular in form and size, before middle, viz., one on

Rhopalocera from Southern Africa. 437

costa at base; two above, one in, one at extremity, one

beyond, and two below discoidal cell; and a long ray

along inner margin.

This very distinct Acrea exhibits affinities with A.

Nohara, Boisd., A. Doubledayi, Guér., and A. Anacreon,

mihi; its upper surface colouring and markings resem-

bling those of the first named; its markings generally

that of the second; and its under surface colouring that

of the third. From all three, and indeed from all the

other Acree that I have examined, it may readily be

recognised by the two peculiar diaphanous spots imme-

diately following the costal transverse macular black bar

beyond the middle of the fore wigs. The singularly

minute black spots of the hind wings are also a very

marked character in A. fenestrata.

A single male of this butterfly was contained in the

collection purchased by the South-African Museum in

1879 from Mr. T. Ayres. It is noted in Mr. Ayres’s list

as having been captured in the Leydenburg district of

the Transvaal. There are two males in the Hewitson

Collection of the British Museum labelled ‘‘ Transvaal,”

and Mrs. Monteiro possesses another, taken at Delagoa

Bay.

SATYRINAE.

Leproneura, Wallgrn.

Leptoneura Oxylus, n. 8.

Leptoneura Clytus (Linn.), var. a, Trimen, Rhop. Afr.

Aust., 1. p. 194 (1866).

Exp. al. 2 in. 73—94 lin.

3. Brown, strongly glossed with a bronzy lustre of

mingled reddish and greenish; fore wing with pale-

creamy macular transverse submarginal stripes. Fore

wing: — A transverse, exteriorly convex, interiorly

strongly-dentate, pale-creamy macular stripe, from

costa just beyond middle to anal angle; of this stripe

the upper portion is rather narrow and uninterrupted, but

the lower portion is broader and consists of three spots

more or less completely separated from the upper portion

and from each other; close to apex a short, much

curved, unbroken, wider stripe of the same colour, from

near costa to third median nervule—along which, by a

very thin ray, it is united to the preceding stripe;

touching inner edge of this short stripe are three rather

438 Mr. Roland Trimen on some new species o7

small, more or less confluent, black ocelli with widely

blue-clouded white pupils, bounded interiorly by a thin

creamy-yellow line; along hind margin a rather narrow

ill-defined whitish border, separated by a brown streak

from apical pale-creamy stripe; and traversed longitudi-

nally by another brown streak close to hind-marginal

edge. Hind wing:—Beyond middle, between second

subcostal nervule and submedian nervure, a curved

transverse row of five conspicuous black ocelli, with

bluish white pupils, in pale fulvous rings; of these

ocelli the fifth is much smaller than the rest, and often

bipupillate ; a narrow hind-marginal border of a paler

brown than the ground colour, traversed by a dark

brown streak close to hind-marginal edge. Under

side:—Rather paler, less glossy. Fore wing :—The

creamy bands whiter—the inner one considerably nayr-

rowed, its upper portion more irregular, and sometimes

even interrupted, its lower macular portion with the two

lower spots very much reduced or obsolete; the inner

edge of this stripe is defined by a dentate stria darker

than the ground colour; in discoidal cell, a little beyond

its middle, a slightly-angulated dark brown transverse

stria, preceded by a shorter striate marking, sometimes

broken into two small spots. Hind wing:—A very short

dark stria (or two small spots) in discoidal cell near

base; two irregular dark transverse strize from costal to

submedian nervure,—one before, the other about, middle,

—of which. the first is exteriorly edged with some

indistinct whitish scales; outer stria much more

irregular than the inner; ocelli as above, but their

pupils smaller, their rings yellow, narrower, and enclosed

in thin outer rings of dark brown,—and the black

containing traces of a very thin bluish crescent; two

additional, rather duller, but similar ocelli near costa,

before the others; both interiorly and exteriorly the

ocelli are bounded by some whitish or whitish violaceous

clouding.

This fine form of Leptonewra seems to be sufficiently

distinct from J. Clytus, Linn., to be ranked as a

separate species. The female still remains unknown

to me, but, considering how rarely that sex of Clytus

proper is taken, in comparison with the very numerous

males, this is perhaps not to be wondered at in the case

of a form that appears to be very local. The male

L. Oxylus differs from L. Clytus in the following respects,

Rhopalocera from Southern Africa. 439

viz.:—(1) its much larger size, Clytus not expanding

above 23 inches, and being generally not more than

2 in. 4 lin. across the wings; (2) its paler colouring

throughout; (8) the proportionally smaller and in-

variably triple ocellus of fore wing, which in Clytus is

very rarely more than double, and, in the instances

where it is triple, the lowest (or third) factor of the

compound ocellus is small or minute; (4) the greater

width of the creamy stripe beyond this ocellus; (5) the

whitish hind marginal border of fore wing; (6) the more

irregular and broken character of the macular creamy

stripe across disc of fore wing; (7) the more distinct

ocelli of hind wing, and their conspicuous pale fulvous

(instead of dull fulvous) rings; (8) on the under side of

the hind wing the ocelli are much blacker and their

yellow rings much brighter; while (9) the two dark striae

are very much less irregular, the outer one projecting

farthest from base on the radial nervure, so that the

space between the striz is widest at that point, instead

of on the third median nervule; and (10) the whitish

edging of the striz is either wanting or very faintly

present, and the basal broken stria of Clytus is all but

obsolete. A structural difference is noticeable in the

antenne, which are proportionally shorter in Oxylus ;

they are also of a paler and more yellowish rufous.

Colonel Bowker sent this butterfly from Butterworth,

Kaffraria Proper, as long ago as 1861, and afterwards

from the Bashee River in the same Territory. Mr.

W.S. M. D’Urban informed me that he had noticed this

large ‘“‘ Variety A” of L. Clytus in the then Colony of

British Kaffraria; but it was not until March, 1875,

that Colonel Bowker succeeded in taking specimens on

the west bank of the Kei River, in the Division of East

London. I have not heard of the butterfly occurring in

Natal, or elsewhere in South Africa than within the

limited range indicated.

NYMPHALINA.

Crenis, Boisd.

Crenis Morantii, n. 8.

Exp. al. 2 in. 1 lin. (female).

@. Dull ochreous-brown; the fore wing with a

darker space and some pale dull yellow-ochreous marks.

Fore wing :—A fuscous-brown space, near costa, about

440 Mr. Roland Trimen on some new species of

and beyond middle, forming an ill-defined cloud, com-

mencing immediately beyond extremity of discoidal cell;

this cloud encloses a yellow-ochreous spot a little beyond

cell, and is bounded externally towards apex by an

elongate paler spot close to costa, and between third and

second median nervules by a smaller similar spot ill-

defined outwardly; towards hind margin the ground

colour is paler and very faintly tinged with yellow-

ochreous (except near apex); a submarginal row of very

indistinct internervular small fuscous-brown spots.

Hind wing :—Very faintly tinged with yellow-ochreous

about apex, near which are two faint fuscous-brown dots.

Under side :—Hind wing and apical area of fore wing

cream-colour, inclining to argillaceous. Fore wing :—

Yellow-ochreous, becoming much paler beyond middle ;

fuscous-brown cloud very conspicuous, and the ochreous

spot it encloses larger and better defined than on upper

side; the two outer spots, on the contrary, much less

distinct, and quite merged in the ground colour; costa

from base narrowly bordered with dull cream-colour ;

submarginal row of seven small fuscous spots; a little

before it, near costa, a curved row of three black dots ;

Hind wing :—three transverse thin brownish-rufous

strie, the first and second (respectively before and about

middle) very irregular and interrupted, the third (near

hind margin) regular and lunulated; between the second

and third strie a row of seven contiguous ocelli, centred

with a black and yellow dot, and ringed with brownish

rufous ; of these the middle (fourth) one is smallest and

more indistinct than the rest; a small brownish-rufous

striola at extremity of discoidal cell; between it and the

first ocellus some slight fuscous irroration.

This species is nearly allied to both C. natalensis,

Boisd., and C. madagascariensis, Boisd. From the

former it differs, on the upper side, in its very much

darker colouring and exceedingly ill-defined marking,

wanting alike the warm yellow-ochreous ground colour

in both wings, and the black spots and lunules in the

hind wings; while on the under side it is cream-colour,

with rufous markings, instead of hoary, clouded with

fuscous-grey and with fuscous markings; and the fore

wing altogether wants the suffused spot near posterior

angle, so conspicuous in C. natalensis.

From C. madagascariensis it diverges almost similarly,

as regards the upper side, in its want of warm ochreous

Rhopalocera from Southern Africa. 441

colouring ; and its vague fuscous-brown space (enclosing

an ochreous spot) is altogether different from the broad

dark apical area, which, in C. madagascariensis, is only

varied by the bar of three small indistinct ochreous

spots from costa, not far from apex. On the under side,

C. Morantu has none of the hoary colouring of the

Malagasy species, and all its strie and ocelli are much

more distinct, besides being rufous instead of dull grey;

while in the hind wing the central and submarginal

striz are more irregular and dentated.

The only example of this insect that I have met with

is the female above described, which was taken at

Pinetown (Natal) in April or May, 1869, by Mr. Walter

Morant, an able observer and collector, after whom

I have named the species. Mr. Morant wrote that the

specimen in question settled on the trunks of trees, with

closed wings, in the same manner as C. natalensis, and

that he believed he had seen, if not taken, a male nearly

resembling it.

Sauamis, Boisd.

Salamis nebulosa, n. s.

Exp. al. 2 in. 6 lin. (male) ; 2 in, 9 lin.—3 in. 1 lin.

(female).

3. Iridescent whitish, with fuscous markings. Fore

wing:—A well-defined pale bluish grey basal cloud

reaching as far as middle of discoidal cell; upper disco-

cellular nervule with a thin curved fuscous mark ; apical

area widely fuscous, from costa a little beyond end of

cell to end of second median nervule on hind margin ;

inner edge of this apical patch irregularly excavated ;

near apex three white spots, of which the second (close

to subapical projection) is divided by a _ transverse

fuscous streak, and the third is indistinct ; lower portion

of hind-marginal fuscous narrowly continued to posterior

angle by rather suffused hind-marginal and submarginal

fuscous streaks; near the inner of these streaks, be-

tween second median neryule and submedian nervure,

two fuscous spots, rather large, obliquely placed, and

slightly suffused. Hind wing :—A basal grey suffusion,

narrower and less distinct than in fore wing; imme-

diately before hind margin a parallel fuscous streak ;

preceding which is a lunulate, suffused, fuscous streak,

becoming irregular and less distinct in its lower portion,

but with the outer streak enclosing six more or less ill-

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT II. (SEPT.) 3M

442 Mr. Roland ncn on some new species of

defined whitish marks; a little before apex, from costa

to second subcostal nervule, a large elongate fuscous

marking, leaving two white spots between it and the

submarginal streak ; immediately beneath and slightly

beyond this marking an obscure fuscous red-centred pale

yellow-ringed ocellus; below this some greyish irrora-

tion, extending to anal angle, but interrupted between

second and first median nervule by a conspicuous red,

blue-pupilled, black-clouded, yellow- and black-ringed

ocellus ; the trace of a faint grey line from costa, about

middle, straight to before anal angle or inner margin,

where it becomes darker but suffused. Under side :—

Duller, iridescence much fainter, very thinly irrorated

with fuscous, except about a central band; the fuscous

markings only indicated by a greyer tint; near bases a

common double transverse irregular stria (indistinct in

hind wing) from costal nervure of: fore wing to sub-

median nervure of hind wing; also a common fuscous

streak from first median nervule of fore wing to inner

margin near anal angle of hind wing. Fore wing :—A

very short thin transverse stria in cell close to base; a

double stria, closing cell, from costa to below first

median nervule, where its outer edge joins the common

fuscous streak; fuscous spots near hind margin and

posterior angle represented by two imperfect fuscous

ocelli in white rings ; another similar (or more imperfect)

ocellus near subapical projection. Hind wing :—The

two ocelli equally distinct and well coloured, but the

lower one the larger ; anal-angular termination of sub-

marginal streak enlarged and conspicuously fuscous.

?. Like the male, but with all the fuscous markings

broader. Fore wing :—Basal grey ill-defined, or almost

obsolete ; common fuscous streak of under side usually

more or less distinctly marked, interrupted, commencing

on subcostal nervure a little beyond cell, and sharply

angulated on third median nervule ; an additional small

white spot immediately beyond the first in apical fuscous ;

the two large black discal spots usually so suffusedly in-

creased as to be confluent with the hind-marginal

fuscous, and so enclosing three or four whitish spots.

Hind wing :—The common streak distinct ; other mark-

ings much as in male ; the upper ocellus more obscured

with fuscous. Under side :—Duller, much more closely

irrorated than in male, inclining to yellowish (in one

example very pale sandy brownish). Hind wing :—The

Rhopalocera from Southern Africa. 443

ocelli remarkably smaller, rather ovate than circular,

much duller in colouring.

The subapical projection of the fore wing is con-

siderably longer in the female than in the male.

This butterfly is nearly related to S. Anacardit, L.

It is distinguished by its smaller size (especially in the

male, where it is very remarkable); white, instead of

greenish, ground colour; much duller iridescence, and

great development of the dark markings, especially in

the apical area of the fore wings; while the under side

is conspicuously duller and less metallic, more irrorated,

without white variegation, and with uncoloured and

almost obsolete ocelli in the fore wing. In outline the

projections of both wings are much shorter and blunter,

especially in the male.

In several of the characters noted, S. nebulosa ap-

proaches the Madagascarene S. Duprei, Vinson, but it

altogether wants the long anal-angular tail of the hind

wing so conspicuous in that species, and has much

larger dark markings in the hind wing; while the blunt

subapical projection of the fore wing is totally different

from the long process so conspicuous in S. Dupre.

Three specimens of this butterfly—a male and two

females—were taken near St. Lucia Bay, in Zululand,

by the late Colonel H. Tower, in the year 1867, and

presented to me by him in the following year. It was

not until 1878 that I saw another example, Colonel

J. H. Bowker having, in November of that year, forwarded

to the South African Museum a female found by him in

a collection of insects made at D’Urban, Natal, by a

resident there. Colonel Bowker has recently sent me a

male captured by himself in the neighbourhood of

D’Urban.

Mrs. Monteiro’s collection contains a fine female taken

at Delagoa Bay ; and there are three specimens in Mr.

Henley Grose Smith’s collection, which were sent, I

believe, from some part of Tropical Eastern Africa.

LYCHNIDA.

LycmNEstTHES, Moore.

Lycenesthes livida, nu. s.

Exp. al..1 in.—1 in. 3 lin.

g. Shining greyish brown, with a cupreous gloss ;

in both wings a very pale greyish blue suffusion from

444 Mr. Roland Trimen on some new species of

base. Fore wing:—'The suffusion vaguely occupies the

lower half of discoidal cell, and covers space between

median nervure and its first nervule and inner margin

to near posterior angle; an indistinct dark grey lunular

mark at extremity of discoidal cell. Hind wing :—The

suffusion covers middle field of wing from base, leaving

the costa and apical, hind-marginal, and inner-marginal

border free; an indistinct dark lunule at extremity of

discoidal cell ; a little beyond it a curved macular streak

between second subcostal and second median nervules ;

a thin black line on hind-marginal edge; within it a

thin white line, most apparent near anal angle, itself

immediately preceded by four to six thin whitish lunules,

which join with it to isolate spots of the ground colour ;

these spots are darker near anal angle, that between

second and first median nervules being black, bounded

interiorly by a well-marked orange lunule. Cilia in both

wings whitish. Under side :—Soft pale grey ; the mark-

ings slightly darker, but distinctly edged on both sides

with whitish ; in each wing a roughly 8-shaped mark at

extremity of discoidal cell, a discal inferiorly-incurved

row of more or less confluent similar imperfect rings ; a

submarginal row of lunules: and a thin hind-marginal

whitish edging line. Fore wing:—Basal area quite

spotless as far as extremity of cell. Hind wing :—Near

base, just below costal nervure, a small but distinct round

black spot in a whitish ring; the hind-marginal black

spot between second and first median nervules, and a

smaller similar spot close to anal angle, conspicuously

spangled with a few greenish-silvery scales, and interiorly

bounded by an orange lunule ; between these two spots

a few greenish silvery scales.

?. Similar to male, but ground colour paler and

duller, while the blue suffusion is considerably brighter

in hue. Hind wing :—Blue becoming very faint on disc,

which bears a transverse row of rather indistinct whitish

lunules. Under side as in male.

This Lycenesthes is in several respects intermediate

between L. Liodes, Hew. (the Hmolus of my ‘ Rhop. Afr.

Aust.’ pt. 1. p. 234, pl. 4, figs. 8, 9, apparently not the

true Hmolus of Godart), and L. Otacilia, mihi (Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 90). It is at once to be

distinguished, however, from both species by the singu-

larly pale and dull hue of the bluish suffusion on its

upper surface, which in the male contrasts remarkably

Rhopalocera from Southern Africa. 445

with the universal dark purple of L. Liodes, and the well-

defined bright violaceous of L. Otacilia. In size L. livida

is larger than L. Liodes, and very much larger than L.

Otacilia. The female has, on the upper side of the fore

wing, none of the fuscous spots so strongly marked in the

female L. Liodes. The under side markings are in both

sexes less irregular, and not so dark as in L. Liodes, and

the ground colour has none of the yellowish brown tinge

observable on the under side of L. Otacilia.

I first noticed this butterfly in Mrs. Barber’s collection

in February, 1870, and made a description of the two

female specimens which the collection contained, under

the impression that they would probably prove to be the

female of L. Otacilia, mihi. These examples were taken at

Highlands, near Grahamstown, and were kindly pre-

sented to me by Mrs. Barber. On the 28rd of the same

month I captured, at Uitenhage (on Cannon Hill), three

males of a Lycenesthes, which so closely corresponded

with the females mentioned that, upon subsequent com-

parison, no doubt could be entertained of the identity of

species. ‘The males in question were flitting about and

settling on the twigs of some bushes at the summit of

the hill.

I have not seen any further examples of this dull-

coloured Lycznid in the collections that I have been able

to examine.

( 447 .)

XXIX. On the identity of Coccus floccosus, DeGeer, and

Orthezia Normani, Doug. By J. W. Dovauas.

[Read September 7th, 1881.]

Fottowine Dr. Signoret I had deemed that Coccus

jloccosus, DeGeer, was synonymous with Orthezia urtice,

Linn., with the reservation, however, that DeGeer’s

figure (Mém. vii., pl. 44, fig. 26) was ‘‘rude and un-

' satisfactory’ (int. Mo. Mag. xvii., p. 175). But at that

time I did not know the species I afterwards described

and figured, under the name of Orthezia Normani, in the

present volume of the Transactions of this Society,

p. 300, Pl. XYV., figs. 12—15, and a renewed investigation

induces me now to believe that it was probably this

species and not O. urtice that DeGeer had before him.

In his figure the very peculiar character of the dorsal

lamine in O. Normani—a deep and wide median excision

—is tolerably represented, but in this latter species three

or four of the anterior segments only have this con-

formation, the remainder being mostly narrow and

straight, whereas in DeGeer’s figure each segment has

the broad form of lamination equally developed. The

lateral lamine in DeGeer’s figure are represented of equal

length and breadth throughout ; whereas in O. Normani

only the first three or four are broad, curved, and pro-

jecting, the remainder being narrow, straight, parallel,

and more backwardly directed. In his description,

DeGeer says that the lamine are arranged like tiles, or

the scales of fishes, but this simile is true with respect

to O. Normani, both as to the dorsal and lateral lamine,

only when the insect is viewed from the front, because it

is the upper edge of a lamina that rests upon the lower

side of the one preceding it; and, with respect to O.

urtice, the simile is correct only with regard to the

lamin composing the dorsal ridges, the overlapping of

the lateral lamine not being evident. His further

description, ‘‘ Il y en a d’abord une couche au milieu du

corps, plus courtes que les autres et arrangées sur deux

lignes, de fagon que celles de l’une de ces lignes vont

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—pParT III. (SEPT.)

448 On the ae of Coccus floccosus, DeG.

rencontrer celles de l’autre rang par leur base, et elles

représentent ensemble comme une petite feuille decoupée,”’

may apply either to wrtice or Normani, yet it seems to

suit the latter the best; but his remark respecting the

lateral lamine, ‘elles sont toutes un peu courbees,”’ is

the most at variance with O. Normani. There is this,

however, to be said, that DeGeer’s description and figure

appear to represent an immature insect, while mine refer

to a female with a developed marsupium, and the imma-

ture form, male or female, which I have not become

acquainted with, may have more of the characters repre-

sented by DeGeer.

On a careful consideration of the whole of the facts I

now think, notwithstanding the apparent discrepancies,

that DeGeer’s species is not only quite distinct from

O. urtice, but that it is the same that I have named

O. Normani, and that, therefore, for the latter O. floccosa,

DeGeer, must be the name to be adopted.

( 449 )

XXX. List of Butterflies collected in Chili by Thomas

Edmonds, Esq. By Arruur G. Buruzr, F.L.S.,

F.Z.5., &e.

[Read September 7th, 1881. |

PuaTE XXI.

Tue following is an account of a very interesting series

of Diurnal Lepidoptera from Chili; partir larly in-

structive from the fact that it contains no less than sixty-

nine well-marked and one doubtful species, and therefore,

being the richest collection ever brought to this country,

has given me an opportunity of identifying with certainty

nearly the whole of the described species, and thereby

correcting the unusually numerous false identifications

made by most writers on the Chilian Lepidoptera, and

by myself amongst others.

I have also been able, by comparing the typical species

for which distinct genera have been erected, to reduce

the number of the latter.

Mr. Edmonds’s notes, which accompany the collection,

are exceedingly valuable.

NYMPHALIDA.

SATYRINA.

Eins, Blanchard.

1. Elina lefebvret.

Satyrus lefebvret, Guérin, Voy. de la Coquille, p. 281

(1829).

S. montrolii, Feisthamel, Mag. Zool. ix., pl. 20 (1839).

Lasiommata montrolii, Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lepid.,

p- 387, n. 15 (1851).

?, Elina montrolii, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 28, pl. 5, fig. 7 (1852).

3, 2, Valparaiso.

Larva.—‘‘ Pale brown, with longitudinal black lines ;

head pale brown, larger than the second segment, with

two black lines and a pale spiracular line edged with

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT IV. (DEC.) oN

450 Mr. .. Butler’s List ot

black beneath; back clouded with brown, of a shade

slightly darker than that of the rest of the body; tail

bifid. Full-fed in October.”

Lood-plant.— Coligne ”’ (Chusquea sp. ?)

Chrysalis.— Pale brown, with a few streaks and spots

of black. Imago.—November and December.” —T’. E.

2. Elina vanessoides.

Elina vanessoides, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’

vil., p. 28, pl. 5, figs. 5, 6 (1852).

‘‘Near Corral, province of Valdivia, in March.”—

Only males of this species were obtained ; it is said,

however, to be ‘‘ not uncommon.”

3. Hlina nemyrioides.

3, Satyrus nemyrioides, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 33, pl. 2, figs. 6, 7 (1852).

?. Slightly larger than the male, above with three

small additional black ocelloid spots upon the tawny

belt; secondaries with the submarginal tawny spots

larger; primaries below with the basal area, as far as

the discal belt, tawny instead of dark brown; only one

large blind subapical ocellus upon the belt ; outer border

paler than in the male; secondaries altogether paler and

greyer ; the disc grey, no large white patch ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 11 lines.

Two somewhat shattered specimens, male and female,

taken in ‘‘ woods below the Baths of Chillan; Valdivia,

in woods, February and March, 1880.”—7’. EL.

There is absolutely no reason for separating this

species generically from EL. vanessoides.

4. Elina flora.

3, Satyrus flora, Philippi, ‘Linnea Entomologica,’

Xiv., p. 267, n. 4 (1860).

Hipparchia? flora, Butler, Cat. Sat., p. 58, n. 25

(1868).

Pedaliodes oaxes, Butler, Cist. Ent. 1., p. 25, n. 8

(1870).

Stibomorpha tristis, Butler (nee Guérin), Lep. Exot.,

p- 180, n. 3; pl. Ixii., fig. 3 (1874).

Butterflies collected in Chili. 451

Satyrus tristis, Reed, Monogr. Marip. Chil., pl. iii.,

fig. 4 (1877).

Stibomorpha reedii, Reed (nec Butler), 1. c. explic. de

las laminas, lam. iii., fig. 4 (1877).

“Common in marshes in Valdivia, February and

March.” —T. E.

EPprInePHeLe, Hiibner.

5. Epinephele edmondsit, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 2).

S$. General coloration and pattern above of Elina

vanessoides ; chocolate-brown, sericeous, and tinted with

golden towards the base; lower half of discoidal cell,

base of median interspaces, and basal third of median

nervules reddish fulvous, separated from the discal band

by an oblique series of six elongated shining grey-brown

spots, all notched in front, the two last placed trans-

versely so as to form an angle at the second median

branch ; discal band, consisting of a large blind ocellus,

black, with irregular orange iris confluent with a reddish

fulvous patch across the median interspaces; fringe

erey ; secondaries with a large subapical discal fulvous

patch ; fringe grey ; body smoky grey; primaries below

fulvous, with cinereous borders mottled and striated with

black; the discal band only separated from the ground

colour by a black outline; the ocellus black, with two

minute white pupils and broad lemon-yellow iris; a

whitish marginal border, with slender black external

edge; secondaries greyish brown, densely striated with

black, the central belt scarcely darker than the ground

colour, but outlined externally by a black lime bounded

towards the costa by snow-white scales; its form nearly

as in Elina flora; a submarginal sinuated black line and

a very slender black marginal line; pectus grey; palpi

white; venter pale smoky brown; expanse of wings,

1 inch 11 lines.

‘‘Near Baths of Chillan, on slopes of Cordilleras, in

March.” —T. HE.

6. Epinephele limonias.

3, Satyrus imonias, Philippi, Linn. Ent. xiv., p. 268,

n. 6 (1860) ; Reed, Monogr. Marip. Chil., pl. i1.,

fig. 7 (1877).

452 Mr. ©. Butler’s List of

? 2S. jantriodes, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘Fauna Chilena,’

vu., pl. 2, fig. 8 (1852).

Var. Epinephele dryas, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep.,

ill., p. 492, n. 851 (1867).

Valparaiso and Valdivia. (See notes at end of paper).

7. Epinephele valdivie.

E’pinephele valdivie, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep., iii.,

p. 498, n. 852 (1867).

?, Satyrus luctuosus, Reed, Monogr. Marip. Chil.,

DL. i, 1e. 6 Asi 7).

3, 2, Stibomorpha monachus, Reed (nec Blanchard),

l. c., fig. 5, and explic. de las laminas, lam. ii.,

figs. 5, 6 (1877).

Valdivia.

Easily separable from EH. monachus by its paler colora-

tion and the red patches above.

8. Hpinephele monachus.

Satyrus monachus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ vil., p. 35, n. 5 (1852).

Pedaliodes lugubris, Butler, Cist. Ent. ii., p. 25, n. 4

(1870).

Stibomorpha monachus, Butler, Lep. Exot., p. 179, n. 2;

pl. lxii., fig. 2 (1874).

“Common in woods of Valdivia in February.”—T. E.

This seems to be a rarer species than the preceding ;

it is possible that the two are confounded in Chilian

collections.

9. Hpinephele tristis.

Satyrus tristis, Guérin, Voy. de la Coquille, p. 281

(1832).

Argynnis tristis, Guérin, l. c. Atlas, Ins. pl. 15, fig. 5

(1832).

‘“* Central provinces ; very common from November to

January.”—T. E.

Much confusion has arisen respecting this species, for

which, I believe, I am principally responsible; the true

ii. tristis, as represented by M. Guerin, is an insect

rather smaller than Elina flora, and without the tawny

Butterflies collected in Chili. 453

reddish spots on the upper surface of the wings; it is

perhaps only a large race of EH. coctet of the same

author, but has the under surface more vividly coloured,

especially in some examples; immediately beyond and

touching the projecting middle portion of the central

belt on the under surface of the secondaries is a large,

somewhat triangular, buff-yellow spot (best seen on

female specimens), and the costal portion of this belt is

bounded externally by a pale buff or bluish grey spot:

these characters are described by Guérin thus :—‘‘ Les

postérieures ont au milieu une ligne d’un blanc jaunatre,

trés-sineueuse, dentée inférieurement, se terminant plus

haut que le milieu en wne assez grande tache jaundtre et

triangulaire ; ily aa la cote, et dans le prolongement de

cette ligne blanche, wne assez grande tache de la méme

couleur.” This part of the description misled me into

supposing that Elina flora was intended, I having at that

time seen no examples allied to H. coctei which showed a

trace of such markings as were here described.

The figure by M. Guérin agrees well with the specimens

obtained by Mr. Edmonds, and which have, I believe,

been regarded in Chili as slight varieties of H. pales, to

which the species is nearly allied.

As M. Guérin hints, the spots or patches of pale colour

form part of the sinuous pale edging of the central

belt; the white dots on the pale discal area beyond

are very variable in number, frequently disappearing

altogether.

The species has what I take to be a rare variety in

which the pale markings are wholly wanting from the

under surface, and the ground colour of the secondaries

is of a sericeous pale smoky brown colour, slightly washed

with grey in the female; the central belt and outer

border are of a darker brown colour, as usual, and do

not differ in form from those of typical examples; two

examples were in the general series, and a second pair

from ‘‘ Near La Union, in the province of Valdivia,” was

subsequently forwarded to me.

10. Epinephele coctet.

3, Satyrus coctei, Guérin, Voy. de la Coquille, p. 281

(1882) ; Mag. de Zool. Ins., pl. 11 (1839).

Erebia coctei, Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lepid., p. 380,

n, 52 (1851).

454 Mr. A. G. Butler’s List of

Epinephele coctei, Butler, Cat. Sat., p. 68, n. 17 (1868).

?, Reed, Monogr. Marip. Chil., expl. de las

laminas, lam. i., fig. 3 (1877).

Satyrus tragiscus, Reed, l. ¢., pl. iii., fig. 8 (1877).

“Taleahuano, Chili, in beginning of February.” —T. EL.

I think it extremely probable that this is only a

dwarfed form of the preceding; the coloration of the

under surface is very similar to that of the variety of

E. tristis described above.

11. E’pinephele pales.

Satyrus pales, Philippi, Linn. Ent. xiv., p. 268, n. 5

(1860).

Var. Satyrus janiriodes, Blanchard (nee Herr.-Sch.),

Gay’s ‘Fauna Chilena,’ vii., p. 33, n. 1, but not

of the plates (1852).

Epinephele blanchardi, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep.,

p. 78 (1871).

2, Satyrus coctei, &, Reed, Monogr. Marip. Chil.,

pl. 11., fig. 1 (1877).

‘*Near La Union, Valdivia.”—T7. E.

The typical #. pales is a darker insect than most

examples of the species; the latter agree more nearly

with Blanchard’s description. As Mr. Hewitson used to

say, ‘‘ M. Blanchard has confounded three distinct species

under one name”; his supposition, however, that one

of these was a Hesperiid, which led Mr. Kirby to in-

corporate it with the Hespertide, at p. 607 of his Cata-

logue, was incorrect.

Nrommnas, Wallengren.

This genus principally differs from Hpinephele in the

absence of the oblique band of raised sericeous scales on

the primaries of the males.

12. Neomenas cenonymphina, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 4).

3. Form and coloration above of EHpinephele pales,

but without the sericeous band on the primaries ;

primaries below also very like H. pales, tawny with

ereyish brown borders; the costal border narrow; an

angular blackish ferruginous discal line, its upper

extremity arched so as to encircle the subapical ocellus,

Butterflies collected in Chil. 455

which is black, with yellow iris, and usually two but

sometimes only one white pupil; outer border bounded

internally by a zigzag black line; fringe spotted with

pale buff; secondaries with the basal half chocolate-

brown, bounded externally by an oblique irregularly

angulated pale yellow line ; dise yellowish, striated with

red-brown, a small reddish brown costal nebula, and a

small unipupillate black ocellus on the second median

interspace ; outer border almost entirely dark brown, and

limited internally by an irregularly zigzag black-brown

line; fringe tipped with pale brown; pectus black ;

legs and venter pale brown; expanse of wings, 1 inch

6 lines.

?. Larger than the male, paler and redder, the disc

of all the wings above ferruginous; primaries with a

well-defined blind blackish subapical ocellus ; disc below

paler than in the male; the edge of the basal half of

secondaries white instead of yellow, and twice as broad

as in the male; the ocellus wanting; expanse of wings,

1 inch 7 lines.

‘Local at Valparaiso ; in December and beginning of

January, 1880, among ‘coligne.’”—T’. EL.

This species, on the under surface, has much the

aspect of Canonympha dorus.

18. Neomenas fractifascia, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 3).

3g. Above fuliginous-brown ; primaries with a reddish

tawny nebula, partly within and partly below the cell,

cut by the first median branch ; a large black blind sub-

apical ocellus, partly enclosed in an abbreviated tawny

discal band, divided by the nervures, and terminating at

the first median branch ; secondaries with an abbreviated

discal band, clouded with brown below the second median

branch, and only extending upwards to the radial

nervure, enclosing a small blackish spot on the second

median interspace ; base of wings clothed as usual with

golden brown hairs; body blackish; primaries below

tawny, the dise occupied by a broad paler belt, enclosing

a large black subapical spot with a small white pupil ;

outer border brown, excepting at the apex, which is

tawny; secondaries testaceous varied with white; the

interno-basal area broadly blackish, its inferior portion

confluent with a broad oblique blackish-edged smoky

456 My. 6. Butler’s List of

brown band, which is elbowed and more or less com-

pletely divided at the extremity of the median vein and

between its two branches; four unequal indistinctly

pupillated black spots in pairs upon the dise, two towards

the costa and two on the median interspaces, the last

much the largest; outer border dark brown; pectus

black ; palpi white ; legs and venter brown ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 9 lines.

@. Rather larger and paler than the male; the

primaries above all reddish tawny, with the exception of

the borders, which are brown, and the black subapical

ocellus, which has a small whitish pupil; secondaries

with the discal tawny band completed, and not clouded

with brown, the black spot larger ; wings and body below

paler than in the male, the outer borders varied with

white; otherwise as in the male; expanse of wings,

1 inch 10 lines.

‘In the woods near the Baths of Chillan, on slopes

of the Cordilleras, in March, 1880.”—T. LH.

Three examples, all a good deal worn, but perfectly

recognisable as belonging to a very distinct new species.

14. Neomenas servilia.

3, Neomenas servilia, Wallengren, in Kongl. Vet.

Akad. Forhandl., p. 78 (1858); Wien. ent.

Monatschr., iv., p. 36, n. 13 (1860) ; Eug. Resa,

p. 354, pl. vi., fig. 1 (1861).

? , Sttbomorpha decorata, Butler, Ent. Month. Mag. x.,

p. 205 (1874) ; Lep. Exot., p. 179; pl. lxii., fig. 3

(1874).

“Not scarce near Valparaiso, and also at Cauquenes

in January.”—T. HE.

15. Neomenas wallengrenti, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 5).

3. Above dark fuliginous-brown ; primaries with a

black subapical spot ; thorax blackish ; primaries below

tawny, brightest in the cell; the disc crossed by an

abbreviated pale creamy yellowish band, cut by the

nervures, widest above the third median branch, en-

closing a large black subapical ocellus with single white

pupil, and iris edged with greyish of the same tint as the

discal band; all the borders of these wings pale brown,

Butterflies collected in Chili. 457

the internal border being wider and darker than the

others ; secondaries with the basi-abdominal two-thirds

smoky brown, divided by white nervures, and crossed by

a broad oblique pale buff band from the costa to the

median vein, so as almost to fill the discoidal cell; the

outer edge of this area is oblique, and very slightly

arched from the costa to the second median branch, and

from thence to anal angle is zigzag, the whole length

bordered externally by a diffused white stripe fading into

the discal coloration; disc pale testaceous, crossed by

white veins; a small elongate black dot on the first

median interspace ; outer border regularly smoky brown;

pectus black; palpi grey ; tarsi reddish brown; venter

greyish ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 8 lines.

@. Larger than the male, paler, with bronze-green

reflections ; the primaries above with the discoidal cell,

two oval spots on the radial interspaces touching the

inner edge of the subapical black spot, a narrow

abbreviated streak below the latter, and a large oval spot

on the first median interspace, ferruginous; subapical

spot much larger than in the male; secondaries darker,

with three large unequal discal ferruginous spots, of

which the central one is twice as long as the others ;

under surface altogether clearer and more brightly

coloured than in the male; primaries with the borders

paler, varied with creamy whitish; subapical ocellus

larger and bipupillated, but with no distinct iris;

secondaries altogether more creamy in tint, the darker

portions being more olive, the margins pearly white like

the veins; two oval blind ocelli with very narrow

yellowish iris on a pale greyish olive nebula, one on the

second subcostal interspace, and the other, which is

larger, on the first median interspace; body below

clothed with white hairs; expanse of wings, 1 inch

9 lines.

“Woods below the Baths of Chillan, March, 1880.”

Three slightly worn examples of this very fine species.

ARGYROPHENGA, Doubleday.

16. Argyrophenga edmondsvi, n.s. (Pl. XXLI., fig. 6).

Wings above smoky brown, with bronzy reflections ;

primaries with the discoidal cell rust-red, the disc from

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PART IV. (DEC.) 30

458 Mr. hal G. Butler’s List of

beyond and below the cell to its second-third suffused

with laky-ferruginous ; this coloration, however, is absent

from above the upper radial vein, and from the second-

third of the second median interspace ; a large indistinct

blackish subapical spot ; secondaries with the end of the

cell and the greater part of the radial interspace bright

ferruginous ; three elongate pyriform longitudinal discal

streaks, two on the first and second median branches,

the third on the internervular fold of the interno-median

interspace ; fringe pale ; body blackish ; primaries below

tawny orange; costa yellowish; external border pale

greyish brown, changing to yellowish towards apex; a

large black subapical ocellus with single white pupil and

yellow iris partly surrounded by a dusky zone; secondaries

olive-brown ; a broad slightty irregular longitudinal

sulphur-yellow band from the base, through the cell, to

the outer border, also six other abbreviated yellow streaks

upon the veins, two on the costal, the others on the

median and abdominal areas; costal border broadly

yellowish ; abdominal and external borders cinereous ; a

submarginal series of olivaceous patches enclosing fusi-

form spots, the last two of which are of unequal size

and black ; pectus black ; palpi white above, with brown

fringe and black lateral line; legs pale brown; venter

blackish, irrorated with pale scales at the sides ; expanse

of wings, 1 inch 7 lines.

‘“ Woods below the Baths of Chillan, March, 1880.”

—T. E.

I have named this very remarkable species after its

discoverer. In form it agrees with Argyrophorus, but the

larger discoidal cell of the secondaries necessitates its

being placed in Argyrophenga, a group the type of which,

although hitherto known only from New Zealand, bears

some resemblance to this Chilian species in the pattern

of the under surface.

17. Argyrophenga simplex, n. s.

Wings above uniformly fuliginous-brown; body

blackish ; primaries below tawny orange, with narrow

costal and broad external and internal pale olive-brown

borders; a large subapical black ocellus, minutely bi-

pupillated with white, and with whitish iris ; secondaries

pale olive-brown ; interno-basal area blackish, with green

reflections ; a small patch of tawny orange on the upper

Butterflies collected in Chil. 459

half of the cell; a lunate snow-white spot upon the

radial interspace, and lying against the outer edge of

the third median branch; pectus black, clothed with

greenish grey hair; palpi whitish, with a slender black

lateral line ; legs brownish ; venter sordid white ; expanse

of wings, 1 inch 7 lines.

“‘ Mountains above the Baths of Chillan, March, 1880 ;

scarce and difficult to capture.”—T’. H.

AreyropHorus, Blanchard.

18. Argyrophorus argenteus.

Argyrophorus argenteus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 30 (1852).

Chionobas argenteus, Blanchard, l. c., pl. 2, figs. 9—11.

‘‘Near La Union, province Valdivia, end of January

and beginning of February, 1880; very local in the

Cordilleras of the central provinces, at an elevation of

6000 to 7000 feet; plentiful where it occurs, but very

difficult to catch in consequence of its extreme swiftness

and shyness, and the difficult nature of the ground.”—

Fd.

Cosmosatyrus, Felder.

19. Cosmosatyrus leptoneuroides.

2? , Cosmosatyrus leptoneuroides, Felder, Reise der Nov.

Lep., ili., p. 495, n. 857 (1867).

3, Satyrus antarctia, Reed, Monogr. Marip. Chil.,

pl. ii., fig. 4 (1877).

Tetraphlebia germainii, Reed (nec Felder) ; l. ¢., explic.

de las laminas, lam. il., fig. 4 (1877).

“Tiocal and rather scarce near Maintenes on the

hacienda at foot of the Cordilleras of Cauquenes, in

January.’—T. E.

The succeeding species is the mountain form of this ;

the true Tetraphlebia germainii is evidently the ‘‘ Satyrus”’

or ‘‘Epinephele promaucana” of Reed, the female of

which is in the British Museum collection.

20. Cosmosatyrus plumbeolus.

Tetraphlebia? plumbeola, Butler, Cat. Sat., p. 95; pl.

ii., fig. 11 (1868).

«‘ Among the mountains at an elevation of about 6000

feet, in January.”—T’. EL,

460 Mr. @. Butler’s List of

C. plumbeolus is a race of C. leptoneuroides, occurring

at a higher level, and distinguished by its slightly inferior

size, slightly duller coloration, the absence of the pale

border to the central belt on the under surface of the

secondaries, the absence of white veins (although the

short white dashes remain upon the female), and the

tendency to obscurity of the ocelli and the white spots

between them in the male, though in some examples

they are sharply defined.

Hipparcaia, Fabricius.

21. Hipparchia chiliensis.

Satyrus chiliensis, Guérin, Voy. de la Coquille, p. 280;

Atlas, Ins., pl. 16, figs. 4, 5 (1882).

Erebia chiliensis, Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lepid., p. 380,

n. 58 (1851).

E. chilensis (sic), Doubleday, List. Lep. Brit. Mus., i.,

p- 127 (1844) ; Blanchard (1852).

Hipparchia chiliensis, Butler, Cat. Sat., p. 58, n. 24

(1868).

3, Satyrus tristis?, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘Fauna

Chilena,’ pl. 3, fig. 1 (1852).

Stibomorpha reedvi, Butler, Lep. Exot., p. 180 (1874).

‘Common near Valparaiso in November and Decem-

ber.”—T. E.

Faununa, Felder.

22. Faunula stelligera, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 10).

General appearance of an Hrebia; pattern and colora-

tion approaching Neosatyrus ambiorix ; wings above dark

rich olive-brown; primaries with three more or less

defined deep ferruginous streaks on the median and lower

radial interspaces (in some male examples only the

central and largest one is present); fringe dark grey,

with a slender pale basal line; secondaries with three

discal hastate dark ferruginous spots on the radial and

median interspaces, and sometimes a fourth minute spot

of the same colour nearer to the anal angle ; fringe as

in primaries; body blackish; wings below paler, the

primaries with the basal two-thirds, excepting at the

borders, dark ferruginous, sometimes crossed just beyond

the cell by an arched and slightly undulated purplish

brown line; remainder of the ground colour pale

Butterflies collected in Chili. 461

olive-brown, speckled with dark brown; a large bi-

pupillated black subapical ocellus with rather narrow

yellow iris ; secondaries pale olive-brown, speckled with

blackish ; an acutely zigzag arched black line beyond

the cell, beyond which the wing is rather paler, and

crossed by whitish veins (although not conspicuously as

in Cosmosatyrus leptoneuroides) ; an arched discal series

of seven well-defined black-edged snow-white spots;

body brown ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 10 lines.

“Very local, but plentiful in certain spots on the

mountains above the Baths of Chillan in March.”—T". EL.

The sexes of this species are alike ; the only difference

in the female being the slightly superior size of the

ferruginous markings above and of the white spots below.

Neosatyrus, Wallengren.

23. Neosatyrus ambioriz.

Neosatyrus ambiorix, Wallengr., Wien. ent. Monatschr.,

iv., p. 86, n. 14 (1860) ; Eug. Resa, pl. vi., fig. 2

(1861).

“‘Common among ‘ coligne’ (arborescent grass), Val-

paraiso ; October—December.”—T. E.

The orange patch on the upper surface of the primaries

is larger in the females than in some of the males; in

the latter, however, it varies considerably, sometimes

almost disappearing ; the female, on the under surface,

differs from the male in having two additional ocelli

contiguous to and below the subapical one.

24. Neosatyrus minimus, n.s. (Pl. XXL, fig. 7).

3. Allied to the preceding, but of only half the size ;

the wings of a paler and more olivaceous-brown, with

vivid greenish reflections, which in certain lights change

to cupreous ; the base of the costa and the discoidal cell

obscurely sprinkled with ferruginous atoms ; thorax dark

grey, the tegule fringed at the extremities with ferru-

ginous; abdomen brown; wings below olive-brown ;

primaries with a large ferruginous patch covering the

greater part of the cell and the area immediately beyond

it; a large subapical bipupillated black ocellus with orange

iris (and in the type a second extremely minute ocellus

near the external angle); an ill-defined submarginal

462 Me, GPG. Butler's List of

dark brown line; secondaries with five snow-white dots

in an arched series between the second subcostal branch

and the submedian vein, the third and fourth forming

the pupils of two large black ocelli, with extremely

narrow and indistinct greyish iris; an ill-defined dusky

submarginal line ; body below black ; legs grey; expanse

of wings, 1 inch.

Chili.

I believe the exact locality for this to be “‘ Las Zonas,

near Valparaiso,” and the date of capture ‘‘ beginning

of October, 1879,” but the number unfortunately got

detached from its place in the box. It is always safer

to affix a number to the pin which holds the specimen.

25. Neosatyrus boisduvalit.

Erebia boisduvalii, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 32, n. 2 (1852).

THipparchia ? boisduvalii, Butler, Cat. Sat., p. 58, n. 26

(1868).

Homeonympha pusilla, Felder, Reise der Novy. Lep.,

i., p. 487, n. 841 (1867).

Chili. (See Notes at end of paper).

A single example was obtained by Mr. Edmonds, and

as it agrees well both with Blanchard’s and Felder’s

descriptions, I conclude that these species are identical.

26. Neosatyrus ochrewittatus, n. 8.

Above chocolate-brown ; primaries with three discal

reddish ferruginous dashes forming a large patch, divided

by the nervures upon the lower radial and median inter-

spaces; the uppermost dash interrupted by a double

blackish spot with reddish ferruginous iris ; secondaries

with two rounded reddish ferruginous spots on the

median interspaces; abdomen dark grey; primaries

below reddish ferruginous, the borders brown; apical

area densely irrorated with whitish cinereous scales

speckled with black; a large subapical oval black

ocellus with two white pupils and golden yellow iris;

secondaries olive-brown, crossed just beyond the middle

by a pale ochreous band; basal area, excepting towards

the costa, washed with lilacine as far as the ochreous

band ; outer margin slaty grey ; body smoky brown, with

Butterflies collected in Chil. 468

pale brown legs; antenne below pale yellow; expanse

of wings, 1 inch 6 lines.

Chili. (See notes at end of paper).

Seems allied to Reed’s S. chiliensis (the Neosatyrus

ambiorix of his ‘ Explicacion de las laminas,’ but not of

Wallengren) ; the coloration of the under surface also

reminds one of his S. thelxiope, but the latter (which he

subsequently calls S. pales, female), is possibly the

female of N. reedi.

27. Neosatyrus violaceus, n.s. (Pl. XXLI., fig. 8).

Near to the preceding, but differing in the coloration

of the under surface; the primaries below darker

throughout ; the secondaries also darker, and with a

lilac, instead of dull ochreous, band beyond the middle ;

five more or less distinct white points nearly half-

way between the band and the outer margin ; otherwise

as in the preceding species; expanse of wings, 1 inch

6 lines.

‘“ Woods near. Chillan in March, 1880.”

I have examined five examples of this species ; it and

the preceding species resemble T'etraphlebia germainw in

the pattern of the upper surface, although quite different

in form and size.

28. Neosatyrus reedui, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 9).

2 Satyrus janiriodes, male, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

| Chilena,’ pl. i11., fig. 2 (1852).

Wings above rich olive-brown, with golden cupreous

reflections ; primaries with dusky external border and a

few ferruginous scalés upon the disc ; fringe grey ; body

blackish ; primaries below tawny orange, deepest towards

the base, the costal and inner borders brown; external

border broadly ferruginous, with slightly darker stria-

tions ; a small round black subapical ocellus with one

minute pupil, and an orange iris with incomplete dusky

zone; secondaries rich cupreous-brown, sericeous, crossed

near the base by an indistinct angular darker line,

bordered internally by a few grey scales; an angulated

and undulated line just beyond the cell, bounded exter-

nally by a diffused lilacine grey streak, which is expanded

and widely dispersed upon the costal area almost to

464 Mr. f.. Butler’s List of

the apical margin; external area striated with dark

brown; interno-basal area blackish; pectus blackish ;

legs and venter greyish brown ; expanse of wings, 1 inch

7 lines.

From Reed’s collection ; locality uncertain.

I believe this to be the species intended by Blanchard’s

figure: the other figure (S. tristis of Blanchard), for

which I proposed the name of Stibomorpha reedii, but

which I did not describe (for want of a specimen corre-

sponding with the representation), is probably the male

of Hipparchia chiliensis.

The present species is apparently allied to the ‘‘ Satyrus

nycteropus”’ of Reed (pl. iii, fig. 2), subsequently in-

correctly identified by that author with S. boisduvali ;

S. nycteropus is, however, represented with a large bi-

pupillated ocellus on the under surface, and with the

wings more produced than in Neosatyrus reedii : in these

respects it more nearly agrees with Neomenas cano-

nymphina, from which it however differs in the darker

coloration of the dise of the primaries, and the smoky

brown, instead of testaceous, coloration of the dise of

the secondaries ; the undulation of the post-median line

on these wings is also quite unlike N. canonymphina, and

similar to that of N. reedii.

29. Neosatyrus humilis.

Stygnus humilis, Felder, Reise der Noy. Lep., iii., p. 489,

n. 844 (1867).

‘*Common in woods in Valdivia.” —T’. EL.

This is the Neosatyrus ambioria of Reed’s description

and figures, but not of Wallengren ; Mr. Edmonds had

evidently identified it correctly, for he notes it as a

“small butterfly, blackish brown on both sides, almost

without markings.”

NYMPHALINA.

Evuprormta, Doubleday.

30. Huptoieta hortensia.

Argynnis hortensia, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ vil., p. 24, n. 5 (1852).

A. hortensis (sic), Reed, Monogr. Marip. Chil., pl. i.,

fig. 7, (187i).

Butterflies collected in Chili. 465

Argynnis valdiviana, Philippi, Ann. Univ. de Chile,

p- 1088 (1859).

** Near the Baths of Cauquenes; common but local in

January ; occurs sparingly also at Salto, near Valparaiso,

in January.”—T. E.

Mr. Reed erroneously quotes H. hegesia and E. claudia

as synonyms of this species; although nearly allied and

probably only geographical races of one type, they have

as much claim to specific rank as have any other con-

stant forms: constancy, and not amount of difference,

constitutes a species.

Brentuis, Wiibner.

31. Brenthis cytheris.

3, Papilio cytheris, Drury, Ill. Exot. Ent., i, pl. 4,

figs. 8, 4 (1778).

Var. Argynnis siga, Hubner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett.,

figs. 677, 678 (1832).

Argynnis anna, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’

Vii., p. 28, n. 2 (1852); Reed, Monogr. Marip. Chil.,

pl, i.,.die. 6. (1877).

2? Argynnis montana, Reed, l. ¢., fig. 8 (1877).

Valparaiso and Valdivia. (See notes at end of paper).

Owing to the resemblance which the female of this

species bears to A. lathonioides (the sexes of which are

alike) great confusion has arisen respecting it ; in Chili

this has been complicated in consequence of authors

there not examining Drury’s figure, and therefore retain-

ing the synonym A. anna as the name of the species.

As Reed himself says, ‘‘ La lamina que ahora doi de

esta especie no es buena,” there can be little doubt that

his figure is intended for B. cytheris, female.

In a paper in the ‘ Scientific Proceedings of the Royal

Dublin Society’ for 1879, p. 45, Mr. Kirby says :—

‘‘Hubner’s figure of A. siga, and Reed’s of A. anna,

represent the male exactly; Drury’s figure is too dark.

The species which Reed (and probably Gay) describes

as A. cytheris, Drury, is distinct, and must retain the

name of A. montana, under which Reed originally

figured it.”

In my account of the Lepidoptera obtained during the

“Survey of H.M.S. ‘Alert’”’ in the ‘ Proceedings of the

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PaRT Iv. (DEC.) 3P

466 Mr. 4G. Butler’s List of

Zoological Society’ for the present year (p. 83), I have

noted that ‘“‘one of the females agrees very fairly with

Blanchard’s figure of A. lathonioides,” and I have then

seconded Mr. Kirby’s remark respecting A. montana.

The female, which most resembles A. lathonioides,

differs in the much more vivid coloration of the under

surface, and the far less angular series of spots across

the secondaries ; the spots of the discal series are also

more inclined to ocellation, a female example in the

Museum having the whole of them pupillated with

A-shaped white markings.

Mr. Kirby’s remark that ‘‘ Drury’s figure is too dark”

is due to his not having examined a sufficient series of

specimens. Drury’s type was from the Straits of

Magellan, and an example in the British Museum from

Port Famine agrees well with it; none of the Magellan

males are quite so brilliantly coloured as the Chilian

variety B. siga.

32. Brenthis lathonioides.

Argynnis lathonioides, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 22; pl. 2, figs. 1, 2 (1852).

‘“‘Cordilleras of the hacienda of Cauquenes, at an

elevation of about 6000 feet; January. Rather scarce.”

—T. EH.

33. Brenthis modesta.

Argynnis modesta, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 24; pl. 2, figs. 3, 4 (1852).

*‘Cordilleras of the hacienda of Cauquenes, 8000 to

10,000 feet ; January.”—T’. EL.

Pyramets, Hiibner.

34. Pyrameis carye.

Hamadryas decora carye, Hubner, Samml. Exot.

Schmett., 1., pl. 45 (1806).

Vanessa charie, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’

vil., p. 26; pl. 2, fig. 5 (1852).

“Abundant throughout the country from August to

May ; larva feeds on Malva and nettles.”"—T. E.

Butterflies collected in Chili. 467

35. Pyrameis terpsichore.

Vanessa terpsichore, Philippi, Linn. Ent., xiv., p. 266,

n. 3 (1860).

‘“* Not so common as the preceding species, but found

in all parts ; October to April.”—T. E.

LYCHNID.

Lycamna, Fabricius.

36. Lycena adonts.

Papilio adonis, Denis, Wien. Verz., p. 184, n. 11

(1776).

? , Cupido improba, Reed, Monogr. Marip. Chil., p. 67

(1377).

An example was given to Mr. Edmonds by Mr. Reed,

who, at the end of his description, remarks—‘‘ Hai dos

ejemplares de esta especie en la coleccion del Museo

Nacional ; ignoro donde fueron cojidos.” There can be

no doubt that the examples were taken in Europe, as

there is absolutely no character to separate the specimen

which I have seen from L. adonis, female.

ScoLitaNTIpEs, Hiibner.

87. Scolitantides collina.

3, Lycena collina, Philippi, Linn. Ent., xiv., p. 270

n. 9 (1860).

Lycena lyrnessa, Hewitson, Ent. Month. Mag., x1,

p- 107 (1874).

‘*Common in the Cordilleras in January, and near the

Baths of Chillan in March.”—T". E.

The upper surface of the female is very similar to

that of S. chilensis.

38. Scolitantides chilensis.

2, Lycena chilensis, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 87; pl. 3, figs. 4a, 4b (1852).

3, Polyommatus atahualpa, Wallengren, Wien. Ent.

Monatschr., iv., p. 87, n. 18 (1860) ; Eug. Resa,

p. 856 (1861).

‘“* Very common at Valparaiso from August to January ;

also at Copiapo and Cauquenes in January.’—T7’. L.

468 Mr. ©. Butler’s List of

The male is greyish brown above, with a submarginal

series of sordid white lunate spots, and with a more or

less developed orange spot on the primaries at the end

of the cell: both sexes vary in this last character, and

in the depth of colour on the under surface ; the species

appears to be very common.

LampipeEs, Hiibner.

39. Lampides trigemmatus, n. 8.

Allied to L. telicanus of Europe and L. cassius of

Tropical America ; nearest to the former, from which it

differs as follows :—Size of Spanish examples, but the

female with barely a trace of blue colouring, excepting

at the base ; the discal spots not distinctly visible through

the wings; ground colour below uniformly dove-brown,

the white stripes purer, of half the width, and sharply

defined; the lunulate discal white stripe of the secondaries

replaced by a series of contiguous sagittate spots ; three

subanal metallic-green pupilled ocelli instead of two;

expanse of wings, 1 inch.

**Copiapo, North of Chili; abundant in January.”—

Toe:

The much darker coloration of the under surface, with

the more slender and whiter lines and the three metallic

spots on the secondaries, give this species a totally

different aspect from that of L. telicanus, and, excepting

in the last-mentioned character, more like that of the

L. elpis group.

CurysopHanus, [Tiibner.

40. Chrysophanus bicolor.

Lycena? bicolor, Philippi, Linn. Ent., xiv., p. 269,

n. 8 (1860).

2, Thecla quadrimaculata, 3 , Hewitson, Ent. Month.

Mag., x1., p. 106 (1874).

Chili.

This is perfectly distinct from the following ; not only

differing uniformly in size, but the form of the band

across the under surface of the secondaries is different,

and the orange spot or patch on the upper surface of the

primaries is larger.

Butterflies collected in Chili. 469

41. Chrysophanus quadrimaculata.

2, Thecla quadrimaculata, 2 , Hewitson, Ent. Month.

Mag., xi., p. 106 (1874).

Male differs from the female in having a large black

sexual spot at the end of the cell of primaries; only

three small discal orange spots on these wings;

secondaries with the orange patch narrower, and divided

into four spots by the nervures; expanse of wings,

1 inch 2 lines.

No exact locality noted. ‘August to October and

January; double-brooded ; common.’—T’. EL. }

Strymon, Hitibner.

42. Strymon americensis.

Thecla americensis, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 88, n. 1 (1852).

‘Common ,but not abundant, at Valparaiso ; October

to December ; scarce at Valdivia in February, and at

Cauquenes in January.”—T. E.

PAPILIONIDAL.

PIERIN A.

Heuiocuroma, Butler.

43. Heltochroma leucothea.

Papilio (D.) leucothea, Molina, Saggio sulla Storia

Naturale del Chili, libr. iv., p. 847 (1782).

Pieris gayt, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’ vii.,

p. 105m. i pl. Il, te. 4: (1852).

“Common at Valparaiso from end of September to

December, and more scarce in February and March;

abundant in the valleys of the Cordilleras of the

hacienda of Cauquenes at the end of January.”—T7’. E.

I have to thank Mr. Kirby for calling my attention to

Molina’s work; although the description is only two

lines in length, the fact that it is noted as a Danaus at

once fixes it as one of the Pierine; and, so much being

decided, the description is sufficiently long to fix the

identity of the species.

470 Mr. Nac Butler’s List of

Coutas, Fabricius.

44. Colias vauthierit.

? , Colias vauthieri, Guérin, Voy. de la Coquille, pl. 15,

fig. 2 (1829).

3, 2, Chili; everywhere. (See Notes at end of paper).

The male, like the female, is rather larger than that

sex of the closely allied C. rutilans ; the orange colouring

is slightly redder, and the outer border more regularly

arched inwards towards the costal margin; the median

veins are partly blackish on all the wings; the orange

area on the primaries below is less diffused; the apex

and borders of these wings, and the ground colour of the

secondaries, are of a bright chrome-yellow, and the

ocelloid spot on the secondaries is smaller and less elon-

gated ; expanse of wings, 2 inches.

The average size of the male C. rutilans is about

1 inch 9 lines; the female is of about the same size, and

differs from that of C. vauthiert in the whiter colour of

the secondaries above and the more dusky colour of

these wings below. I think, therefore, we have here at

least a distinct race, although the general resemblance

of the two forms is so great that, were they not both

already provided with distinctive names, it would be

necessary to obtain stronger evidence than we at present

possess before running the risk of giving a new specific

title to the second form.

44a. Colras rutilans.

3, Colias rutilans, Boisduval, Sp. Gen. Lep., p. 642,

n.9; pl. 19, fig. 8 (1886).

oe wnat.

The insect figured as the male by Reed (Marip. Chil.,

lam. 1, fig. 3 (1836) ) is referable to the following, of

which, however, it is but a poor and unsatisfactory repre-

sentation.

45. Colias minuscula, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 11).

Smaller than C. rutilans ; of the same colours above ;

the outer blackish border of the primaries in the male

wide at apex, but abruptly narrow from the third median

branch to the external angle; the outer border of the

secondaries also very narrow; the outer border of the

Butterflies collected in Chili. 471

primaries in the female slightly narrower, more sharply

defined, and angular internally ; the secondaries with

the discal and marginal series of black spots indicating

the outer border barely visible, excepting close to the

costa; secondaries of both sexes below usually rather

more dusky, and with the plum-coloured dash at the

base of the median vein more prominent than in

C. rutilans; expanse of wings—male 1 inch 7 limes,

female 1 inch 8 lines.

3, 2, Chili. (See Notes at end of paper).

A nearly-allied species to this, but considerably larger,

was obtained by Dr. Cunningham at Sandy Point, in the

Straits of Magellan, and may be called C. cunninghamit.

46. Colias, cunninghami, n. 8.

$. Slightly paler in colour than C. rutilans; the

outer border of the primaries very broad at apex, and

crossed by yellow veins close to the costa, abruptly

narrowed from the third median branch to the external

angle ; costal border bright yellow; fringe golden yellow,

tipped with rose-red ; secondaries with the tips of the

subcostal branches and the apical border black-brown ;

the blackish interno-basal patch on the primaries, and

the broad interno-median patch on the basal half of the

secondaries, decidedly paler and greener than in C.

rutilans ; apex of primaries and borders of secondaries

below greener; form of primaries more acutely trian-

cular; the female has the spots indicating the border

of the primaries above smaller, and often partly obso-

lete, and the under surface of these wings greener ;

expanse of wings—male 2 inches, female 1 inch 11 lines.

Three pairs. Sandy Point (Dr. Cunningham).

The distinctly triangular form of the primaries, due

partly to the straighter costal margin, readily marks out

this as a good distinct species.

TrRras, Swainson.

47. Terias chilensis.

Terias chilensis, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘Fauna Chilena,’

vil., p. 17; pl. 1, figs. 5a, 5b (1852).

‘“‘ Double-brooded ; November, February, March, and

April; larva in December on Cassia.”

472 Mr. AM@. Butler’s List of

This is a smaller species than the allied 7’. deva, and

the black apical patch is not angulated internally towards

the costa, as in that insect.

Cauuipryas, Boisduval.

48. Callidryas drya.

Papilio drya, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 478, n. 153

(1775).

Callidryas drya, Butler, Lep. Exot., p. 61; pl. xxii,

fies. 5—8 (1871).

C. amplitrite, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’

vii., p. 20; pl. 5, figs. 1, 2 (1852).

“Common at Valparaiso, and I have taken it in the

Cordilleras of the central provinces ; it is found also at

Copiapo, in the North. Appears in November, December,

March, and April; worn specimens in September, and

in fact throughout the year. Larva on Cassia, end

of December and beginning of January; probably

double-brooded.”—T.. E.

TatocuiLa, Butler.

49. Tatochila blanchardii. (Pl. XXI1., fig. 15).

? , Pieris theodice, Blanchard (nec Boisduval), in Gay’s

‘Fauna Chilena,’ vii., p. 12: pl. 1, figs. la, 1b

(1852).

3, 2, P. autodice, Blanchard (nec Hiibner), l. c.,

p- 11 (1852).

Common in Chili; male and female, Valparaiso. (See

notes at end of paper).

The ‘Pieris theodice” of Boisduval is a species

evidently belonging to a different genus, and coming

from ‘‘ Bourou”’ (not ‘‘ Peru,” as it has been quoted) ;

the only excuse for placing it among these Chilian

Pierine is to be found in a note at the end of Boisduval’s

description—‘‘ This pretty species, approaching, by the

under surface, the autodice of Chili, is found at Bourou” ;

but an examination of the description of the upper

surface ought at once to have prevented M. Blanchard

from imagining that there could be any real affinity

between the two species ; the words ‘‘ anticis serie postica

duplice macularum albarum” representing a character

not found in any of the species of Tatochila.

Butterflies collected in Chili. 473

The example figured by Blanchard is a heavily-marked

female, the more typical form being that erroneously

described by him as ‘‘ P. autodice.”’

50. Tatochila demodice.

Pieris demodice, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’

vi., p. 18 (1852).

“T have found it commonly at Valparaiso, Chillan,

and Valdivia; November to April; probably double-

brooded.”—T7'. E.

I much doubt the identity of this species with the

smaller form found in the Magellan Straits. I think it

more probable that the latter is the ‘‘ Pieris microdice ”’

of Blanchard, and that the “ posticis maris immaculatis ”’

of his description is an individual variation from the

commoner type of male which has a series of small

black spots, as in the Chilian T. demodice ; it is hardly

likely that the common Magellan species would have

remained unnoticed until the appearance of Reed’s

pamphlet, whilst a form, so rare that no recent collector

has come across it, should be known to M. Blanchard.

51. Tatochila autodice.

Bia ees Synolice autodice, Hubner, Samml. Exot.

Schmett., ii., pl. 127, figs. 1—4 (1816—36).

2 yee ene Eschscholtz, Kotzebue’s Reise,

,p. 215; pl. 9, figs. 22a, 22d (1821).

Prora iam Blanchard, in Gay’ s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’

vil., p. 12 (1852).

‘Common at Valparaiso ; also in the Cordilleras, and

in the province of Valdivia ; November to April ; probably

double-brooded.”—T". E.

The three preceding species probably represent the

whole of the Chilian species of this genus.

The following description of the larva of T’. theodice

of Reed, and therefore most likely of Blanchard

(= T. blanchardii) is given by Mr. Edmonds :— Grey,

with longitudinal yellow stripes and black and red dots.

Head grey, and clothed with very fine and short hairs ;

body grey, with broad yellow subdorsal lines; lateral

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT IV. (DEC.) 3Q

474 Mr.@® G. Butler’s List of

rows of orange-red dots, two on each side of each

segment, and with raised black dots thinly scattered over

the whole body, each dot emitting a very short and fine

hair ; claspers and under side dull greenish yellow, with

minute black dots; prolegs black. Food-plant, T’ropeolum.

Larva full-fed by the end of November. Valparaiso.”

PAPILIONINA.

52. Papilio bias. (Pl. XXI., fig. 14).

Papilio bias, Roger, Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord., i. (1826).

P. archidamas, Boisduval, Sp. Gén. Lep., 1., p. 321,

n. 163 (1836); Feisthamel, Mag. Zool., ix., pl. 37

(1889).

P. (N)_ psittacus??, Molina, Saggio sulla Storia

Naturale del Chili, libr. iv., p. 347 (1782).

‘Common in the neighbourhood of Valparaiso.”—

T. E.

There are two things in Molina’s description which

render the identification of his species with P. bias

extremely doubtful; the first is, his speaking of it as

‘** Papilio Nymphalis”’; and the second, his mention of

blue spots upon the upper surface of the wings. I know

of no Chilian butterfly to which his description will

apply.

The following is a description of the transformations

of P. bias :—

** Larva.—Dark brown, studded with short orange-yellow

spines. Head black and shiny ; second segment with a

hard black plate on the back, and on the front part,

immediately behind the head, a fleshy protuberance of a

yellow colour, which is erected when the larva is annoyed,

and then resembles in shape the letter Vv; on each side

of the front of the second segment there is a fleshy

horn, yellow at the base and black at the tip, slightly

curved forwards; the rest of the body is of a deep

madder-brown colour, each segment having a_ short

fleshy spine on each side above the spiracles, and one

on each side of the back ; these spines are orange-yellow,

with the extreme points black; the second, third, and

fourth segments have each a dull orange spot above the

prolegs ; prolegs and claspers black.

“Feeds on ‘ Oreja de Zovia’ (Aristolochia chilensis) in

October and beginning of November,

Butterflies collected in Chili. 475

“ Ohrysalis.—Brownish grey, rarely dull green. The

covering of the head is produced into a point on each

side; the thorax has a high peak on the back and a

smaller one on each side; the abdomen has a double

row of points on the back ; wing-coverings prominent.

Imagines emerge erratically, some in December, some in

January, February, March, April, and June, and some

in the October following. Valparaiso.” —T’. LE.

HESPERIIDA.

GEGENES, Hiibner.

58. Gegenes fusca.

Hesperia fusca, Reed, Monogr. Marip. Chil., p. 81

(1877).

Chili.

One specimen (without abdomen), answering well to

Reed’s description ; also the type from Santiago.

Pyreus, Hiibner.

54, Pyrgus americanus.

3, Syrichthus americanus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 44; pl. 8, fig. 10 (1852).

928. notatus, Blanchard, l. c., p. 45 (1852).

Hesperia notata (part), Reed, Monogr. Marip. Chil.,

p- 80 (1877).

2 Near Santiago, Reed’s collection.

The number was placed in the box a little below the

whole series of Pyrgus, but too far from them to satisfy

me that it belonged to them, so that I am doubtful

respecting the exact locality of the three first species in

this genus. (See Notes).

Reed has evidently confounded several species under

this butterfly and its female.

55. Pyrgus fulvovittatus, n. 8.

@. Upper surface like P. malve, female, of Europe,

excepting that the central band on the secondaries is as

perfect (though more sordid) as in P. americanus ; under

surface also much like P. malve, but the primaries with

the inner series of white spots complete, and the

476 Mr. MG. Butler's List of

secondaries differently banded, white, with an indistinct

eravel-orange band at the base, a very irregular oblique

band of the same colour just beyond the basal third ; an

angulated dentate-sinuate band, touched here and there

with dark brown across the disc, its outer edge only

separated from a narrow border, also of gravel-orange

(but rather paler), by a series of small lunate spots;

abdominal area broadly white, slightly sordid along

the margin ; body below snow-white ; the legs and sides

of venter pale pinky brown; expanse of wings, 1 inch

2 lines.

Chili.

The under surface of the secondaries is so unlike that

of P. americanus that I have no doubt of its distinctness.

56. Pyrgus trisignatus.

Scelothrix trisignatus, Mabille, Bull. Soc. Ent. France,

1875, p. cexiv.

Chili.

One male of this very distinct species is in Mr.

Edmonds’s series. I can agree with Mr. Reed in his

remark, ‘‘ Ignoro por qué el Senor Mabille la coloca en

el jénero Scelothrix.”

57. Pyrgus valdivianus.

Hesperia notata, var. valdiviana, Reed, Monogr. Marip.

Chil.p; SL (Ls7 7).

‘Valdivia, March.”—T". E.

One male of this very distinct species, the upper sur-

face of which resembles P. side of Europe ; the under

surface, however, is varied with olive-green ; the bands

of the secondaries, which are two in number, upon a

sordid white ground, are of a dark olive-green colour,

the outer band only separable by its dark colour from a

pale olive marginal border. This species is larger than

the other Chilian forms.

Butterflies collected in Chil. ATT

Pampuina, Fabricius.

58. Pamphila fasciolata.

3, Hesperia fasciolata, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 42; pl. 3, fig. 7 (1852).

2, Hesperia signata, Blanchard, l. c., p. 42 (1852).

“Valparaiso, October to April; Valdivia, February ;

Copiapo and Cauquenes in January.” —T’. EH.

59. Pamphila fulva.

Hesperia fulva, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’

vil., p. 48; pl. 3, fig. 8 (1852).

‘Valparaiso, September to April ; abundant.’”"—T’. E.

There are two forms of this species, one larger and

with heavier dark markings than the other.

Cyciopipes, Hiibner.

60. Cyclopides auretpennis.

Syrichthus aureipennis, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ viu., p. 40; pl. 8, figs. 5a, 5b, and 6

(1852).

‘Valdivia, in woods among the arborescent grass ;

February and March.”—T. E.

This species is of the same size and structure as

C. morpheus of Europe.

61. Cyclopides fruticolens, n.s. (Pl. XXL, fig. 12).

Wings above rich chocolate-brown, sericeous ; primaries

above with a transverse ochreous spot in the cell, a

second below it at the base of the first median inter-

space, and a falciform discal series of five, the uppermost

of which is trifid; secondaries with a cuneiform spot

across the end of the cell, a smaller rounded spot

between the latter and the first median branch, and a

discal series, generally absent in the male, but when

present consisting of only two spots, ochreous; base

streaked with greenish hairs ; head and thorax olivaceous,

the shoulders and palpi white varied with ochreous;

abdomen dark chocolate-brown, ochreous at the sides ;

primaries below dark brown, the internal area grey ; the

costal border, apical area, and spots (which are larger

478 Mr. A@®:. Butler’s List of

than on the upper surface) ochreous ; secondaries bright

ochreous, with sericeous greyish brown abdominal border,

crossed by a white stripe from base to outer margin ;

pectus white ; tibiz and tarsi pale sandy brown; venter

white in the centre; expanse of wings—male 1 inch

3 lines, female 1 inch 4 lines.

‘Las Zonas in January, and woods near Chillan

Baths in March ; about cane-bushes.”—T. HL.

Var. tractipennis.

3g. Wings more elongated than in the type; the

secondaries with the costal margin prolonged ; the yellow

areas on the under surface washed with reddish tes-

taceous ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 33 lines.

Same localities as the typical form.

Var. quadrinotatus.

g. Primaries above with only four minute cream-

coloured spots in pairs; the costal and apical areas

below sandy buff; the secondaries bright buff, with the

costal border sandy testaceous; the abdominal greyish

area also washed with the same colour ; expanse of wings,

1 inch 23 lines.

‘Corral, in March.’’—T"’. E.

Var. pulcher.

3. Wings above brilliantly shot with green; primaries

with four bright ochreous dots arranged as in the pre-

ceding variety ; secondaries with a cuneiform spot closing

the cell; primaries below with the costal border and

apical area bright gravel-orange ; secondaries brilliant

golden chrome-yellow; the abdominal greyish area

reduced in extent, only seen as a narrow abbreviated

stripe beyond the usual white stripe ; expanse of wings,

1 inch 23 lines.

‘Corral, in March.”—T". E.

Mr. Edmonds also adds the following note :—‘ Val-

paraiso, January ; Valdivia, February ; Chillan, March ;

among ‘Coligne.’ The specimens from Valdivia are

darker, having fewer yellow spots on upper side.”

Butterflies collected in Chili. 479

62. Cyclopides philippii, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 13).

Wings above dark purplish brown, with dark green

reflections; primaries with ten bright ochreous spots,

the first three in an oblique series just before the middle,

the fourth in a line with the second within the first

median interspace, the fifth to eighth in a nearly straight

series across the disc, the lowest two spots of this series

being small and close together upon the interno-median

interspace, and the uppermost one trifid and slightly

oblique, the last two spots very minute, submarginal,

and placed upon the radial interspaces ; fringe slaty

orey, tipped with whitish; basal area sprinkled with

yellow scales; secondaries with two ochreous spots

beyond the middle, and two discal smaller spots on the

median interspaces; the female with two very small

additional subapical spots; interno-basal area clothed

with greenish hairs; abdominal fringe white ; fringe of

outer margin as in the primaries ; body greenish ; the

head and palpi with yellowish hairs; the collar,

shoulders, and outer margins of tegule greenish yellow;

abdomen, excepting towards the base, dark brown, with

the sides ochreous ; primaries below with the costal and

apical areas bright ochre-yellow, the central area blackish

brown, with spots as above, but larger, internal area

greyish ; secondaries bright ochreous-yellow, crossed

from base to outer margin by two silvery white divergent

stripes, one passing through the cell, the other through

the interno-median interspace ; fringe of all the wings

silvery white, traversed beyond the middle by a grey line,

and tipped with buff; palpi and pectus creamy white ;

legs and venter of male, excepting a central longitudinal

basal streak, ochreous; the body and wings of female

below distinctly paler than in the male, the body being

almost wholly white; expanse of wings, 1 inch 23 lines.

Same localities as typical C. fruticolens.

This species is allied to the preceding, though un-

questionably very distinct ; it also seems allied to

“ Butleria sotot” of Reed (Marip. Chil., p. 86), of which

the following is a description of the secondaries below:

—* Alas posteriores por debajo morenas inclinadas a un

color ceniciento con la costa maranjada i dos rayas

blancas desde la base hasta el borde esterno; entre

estas dos rayas hai tres puntos blancos, uno hacia el

480 Mr. Am. Butler’s List of

medio i los otros dos hacia el borde esterno. Las franjas

por debajo son de un color plomo.” It is therefore

evident that we have here again a very distinct species.

I have named this beautiful little Hespertid in honour

of Dr. R. A. Philippi, whose admirable descriptions of

Chilian butterflies are quite a relief after the vague and

unsatisfactory diagnoses of some other writers.

CaRTEROCEPHALUS, Lederer.

Whether this genus is sufficiently distinct from Cyclo-

pides I will not attempt to decide; at any rate it has

little in common with the tropical New World group, to

which Mr. Kirby has given the name of SButleria,*

and which therefore must be deprived of all the known

Chilian species.

63. Carterocephalus bissexguttatus.

Steopes ? (sic) bissexguttatus, Philippi, Linn. Ent., xiv.,

p. 272, n. 11 (1860).

3, 2. ‘Las Zonas, October ; about canes.”’—T’. EH.

(See also Notes).

64. Carterocephalus flavomaculatus.

Syrichthus flavomaculatus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ vil., p. 44; pl. 3, figs. 9a, 9b (1852).

Carterocephalus polyspilus, Felder, Verh. z.-b. Ges.

Wien., xii., p. 495, n. 204 (1862).

Var. Butleria vicina. Reed, l. ¢c., p. 88 (1877).

2, @. ‘‘Las Zonas, October ; about canes.”—T. EH.

Of C. vicina Mr. Edmonds writes :—‘‘I have only

one specimen from Valdivia, the type taken and de-

scribed by Reed.” It chiefly differs in having the mark-

ings of the secondaries below suffused with yellow.

* Since my enumeration of the forms in the Museum collection

(Ent. Mo. Mag., vii., p. 96) notes four species apart from the type

quoted as Felder’s, and since the latter is congenerie with typical

Carterocephalus, the type of Butleria must be C. dimidiatus,

Felder,

Butterflies collected in Chili. 481

65. Carterocephalus paniscoides.

Steropes paniscoides, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 41 (1852).

Butleria cauquenensis, Reed, Monogr. Marip. Chil., p. 87

(2877).

One pair. ‘Las Zonas, October; about canes.”—

T. EH. Reed’s type, Valdivia (coll. T. Edmonds).

In his subsequent notes Mr. Edmonds regards this as

a variety of the preceding, and says :—‘“‘ B. cauquenensis,

Reed (I have the type) ? = polyspila, Felder, and panis-

codes, Bl. Valleys at foot of the Cordilleras ; frequents

moist and marshy places in January. A variable species ;

all the specimens from the same localities.” The diffe-

rences, however, not only in pattern, but in shape, are

too considerable for mere variation. I cannot for a

moment question the distinctness of the two species.

66. Carterocephalus valdivianus.

3, 2, Syrichthus valdivianus, Philippi, Linn. Ent.,

Xiv., p. 272, n. 12 (1860).

2, Carterocephalus exornatus, Felder, Verh. z.-b.

Ges. Wien., xii., p. 494, n. 203 (1862) ; Reise der

Nov. Lep., ii., pl. 74, figs. 18, 19 (1867).

Butleria paniscoides, Reed (nec Blanchard), Monogr.

Marip. Chil., p. 82 (1877).

Four males. ‘‘ Las Zonas, October; about canes.”—

T. H. (See notes at end of paper).

TuHanaos, Boisduval.

67. Thanaos funeralis.

Nisoniades funeralis, Scudder and Burgess, Proc. Bost.

Nat. Hist. Soc., xili., p. 298, fig. 7 (1870).

Chili.

We have this species in the Museum from Mexico,

and, excepting in its slightly darker colour and longer

white fringe, I see nothing to distinguish it from 1’. tristis,

Boisd.

The following additional notes on Chilan Butterflies

were received from Mr. Edmonds too late for incorpora-

tion in the body of the paper. I have, however, retained

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—pPaRT Iv. (DEC.) 3R

482 Mr. eal G. Butler’s List of

the order and numbering of the species so as to prevent

any inconvenience which might arise therefrom :—

NYMPHALIDA.

SATYRINZ.

1. Elina lefebvrei, Guér.

“Not uncommon, but very local, near Valparaiso in

November and December.”

6. Epinephele limonias, Phil.

“Common at Valparaiso in November and December ;

scarcer in Taleahuano and Valdivia in February.”

21. Hipparchia chiliensis, Guér.

‘“* Usually found on high-lying and barren land, rarely

in valleys ; occurs in the Cordilleras of Cauquenes abun-

dantly in January (the mountain specimens are larger

and brighter than the Valparaiso ones) ; Talcahuano in

February ; Valdivia, local, in February.”

Notes on two other species, Faunula leucoglene of

Felder, and a butterfly supposed to be E’pinephele polio-

zona, are added, but as the specimens did not reach me

until after the completion of the paper I cannot insert

them in their natural position; the second of these,

moreover, cannot be H. poliozona, since it is almost

wholly brown below, whereas Felder distinctly says,

‘Ale subtus ferrugineo-ochracee,” probably indicating a

species more nearly allied to my Neomenas cono-

nymplhina, but with a blind ocellus on the under surface

of the primaries.

NYMPHALINAL.

31. Brenthis cytheris, Drury.

“Common, but not abundant, in gardens about Val-

paraiso in November, December, and January ; abundant

in Valdivia in February; near the Baths of Chillan in

March; and found sparingly in the Cordilleras of

Cauquenes at the end of January. Mountain specimens

are smaller than others. Larve on violet in January ;

velvet-black, with dull red tubercles.”

Butterflies collected in Chili. 483

PAPILIONIDA.

PIERINA.

44, Colias vauthiert, Guér.

“‘ Appears to be common throughout Chili; occurs at

a great elevation in the mountains, and is to be found

from October to May.”

45. Colias minuscula, Butl.

‘Tn August and the beginning of September only the

small specimens which you will find in the collection are

found (? early brood of vauthieri or another species)* ;

the larger ones appear in October, and the small ones are

not seen again until the following August.”

49. Tatochila blanchardu, Butl.

“Common in the Cordilleras of the central provinces

at the end of January, and at Valparaiso from the

end of September to April. I think there must be at

least three broods.”

PAPILIONIN At.

52. Papilio bias, Roger.

‘*T believe there is only one brood of larve each year,

but the butterflies emerge at intervals.”

HESPERIIDA.

54. Pyrgus americanus, Blanch.

‘Valparaiso, November and December, March and

April; Cauquenes, January; and Chillan, March.”—

s iesps a

It is possible that more than one species is included

in this note; as also in the following applied to P. notatus

(female of americanus). ‘“‘ Valparaiso, September ;

scarce. Commoner at Cauquenes in January.”

* Undoubtedly the latter.—A. G. B.

484 Mr. ©. Butler’s List of

62a. Cyclopides sotoi, Reed.

Mr. Edmonds notes Cyclopides sotoi of Reed as “* scarce

near Valparaiso in December.”’ He cannot refer to C.

philippii, for, not only does Reed’s species differ from

mine in the brown colour of the under surface of the

secondaries, and in having three white dots between the

longitudinal stripes, but the note which follows evidently

refers to my insect.*

62. Cyclopides philippii, Butl.

‘“‘(Hind wings, under side, yellow, with two white

streaks from base to outer margin), Valparaiso. I have

taken a few specimens two successive years only in one

spot; it appears to be very local and scarce; among

‘ Coligne.’”’

63. Carterocephalus bissexguttatus, Phil.

‘Valparaiso in January ; Valdivia in February ; Chil-

lan Baths in March.”

66. Carterocephalus valdivianus, Phil.

** Valdivia ; common in certain marshes, but local.”

The following species have also been forwarded sub-

sequent to the completion of the paper :—

21a. Hipparchia monticolens, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 1).

$. Above fuliginous-brown, with cupreous reflections,

which change to green in certain lights ; primaries with

the costal border pale sordid dust-brown; an incon-

spicuous subapical linear black spot, placed upon an

indistinct longer linear testaceous dash, one or two

shorter but similar dashes above and below it; fringe of

all the wings greyish, indistinctly flecked with whitish ;

secondaries with a curved discal series of four tawny

flecks; thorax dark brown; anal tuft and sides of abdo-

men pale brown ; primaries below shining greyish brown,

* T have since seen a specimen compared with the type of

C. sotoi, and find that it differs as described above.

Butterflies collected in Chilt. 485

with yellowish reflections, the discoidal area covered by

a large diffused tawny area; apical portion of costal

area and the extremities of the last subcostal branch

and radials ashy white, flecked with brown; a discal

series of decreasing longitudinal pale stramineous dashes,

the second and third interrupted by a large unequally

geminate blind black spot; fringe, excepting at apex,

brown; secondaries pale brown, transversely and irre-

sularly streaked with black on the basal third, and

crossed beyond the middle by a deeply-notched zigzag

and angulated black line, bounding externally a diffused

smoky brown band, and bordered by a white line along

its outer edge; outer border smoky brown, bounded on

each side by a slightly irregular black line; all the

veins white; internervular folds pale brassy yellow

between the post-median line and the border, the first,

second, third, fifth, and sixth interrupted by yellow-edged

fusiform blind black spots, the last of which is small and

ill-formed ; fringe greyish brown, flecked with white ;

body below greyish ; expanse of wings, 2 inches.

One specimen ‘‘ from mountains above the Baths of

Chillan.”—T7. E.

On the under surface this species vaguely resembles

Argyrophorus williamsianus from the Straits of Magellan.

22a. Faunula leucoglene.

Faunula leucoglene, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep., iii.,

p. 488, n. 848 (1867).

One specimen forwarded. ‘‘ Cordilleras of Cauquenes,

scarce; in January and February, at an elevation of

9000 to 10,000 feet ; hard to capture on account of the

difficult nature of the ground.”—T’. EL.

This species proves to be of the same form and size

as I’. stelligera (ante); it is easily recognisable by the

large broadly black-bordered white spot towards the apex

of primaries below.

28a. Neosatyrus reedu ? var. fuscescens.

Differs from typical specimens in its slightly smaller

size, and in the ground colour of the primaries below

being smoky brown, slightly suffused with reddish on the

disc ; the subapical ocellus also being only represented by

486 Mr. A. G. Bulffy’s List of Butterflies, ce.

a small blind black spot. It may possibly be a distinct

species, but, having only seen a single example, I prefer

for the present to regard it as a variety.

** La Union, in Valdivia.” —T’. H.

Mr. Edmonds remarks that he ‘ took a few specimens

among the arborescent grass in February, all rather

worn.”

37a. Scolitantides plumbed, n. s.

3. Allied to S. collina, size of S. chilensis ; differs

from S. collina in its shining leaden grey colouring, with

broad blackish external border and veins ; fringe broad,

snow-white, spotted with black ; below it differs in the

brighter colour and black and white fringe of the primaries

in the white-mottled interno-discoidal area, white externo-

discal area, and blackish and white fringe ; expanse of

wings, 11 lines.

Chil. (No exact locality noted).

S. plumbea is noted by Mr. Edmonds as a variety of

lyrnessa (= collina), but it must certainly be very distinct ;

with the Lycena endymion of Blanchard (L. sybilla,

Kirby) it has very little in common.

EXPLANATION OF Puate XXI.

Fic. 1. Hipparchia monticolens. . : - page 484

2. Epinephele edmondsii. : : pane yet 5!

3. Neomenas fractifascia. . : cag) OE

4, ne cenonymphina. ‘ Se abd:

5. : wallengrenti. . ; - oan DO

6. Argyrophenga edmondsii. .« ‘ ek ers fiaehs 31/)

7. Neosatyrus minimus. . i . oe 461

8. a violaceus. . : 5 ai). (NGS

9: 3 reedit. F s ; SM ath 451,

10. Faunula stelligera. . 5 : Je 460

11. Colias minuscula (male). . ; 49.0555 Bee

12. Cyclopides fruticolens. : : a) cua et

13. 3 philippii. , : : a Cae

14. Papilio bias (larva). . : es pcgy p OA

15. Tatochila blanchardii (larva). . of vase ATO

( 487 )

XXXI. Descriptions of some new Coleoptera from

Sumatra. By Cuartes O. WaTERHOUSE.

[Read September 7th, 1881.]

I nave the pleasure of laying before this Society descrip-

tions of three new coleopterous insects just received

from Sumatra. They are as follows :—

RUTELIDA.

Anomala (Spilota?) Curtisti, n.s.

Form and appearance of Huchlora, but with a long

mesosternal spine. Rather elongate-ovate, moderately

convex, pale green, with yellow tints; the scutellum,

tibia, and pygidium especially yellowish ; very shining.

Head and clypeus moderately thickly punctured, the

anterior margin of the latter slightly reflexed. Thorax

nearly asin Huchlora viridis, but rather less convex, and

much more strongly lobed in the middle of the base;

moderately thickly and tolerably distinctly punctured ;

with a very slight abbreviated medial impressed line.

Elytra at the base scarcely wider than the base of the

thorax, widest behind the middle, very obtusely rounded

at the apex, with the ante-apical callus very slightly

raised; the lateral margins thickened. Hach elytron

has about fifteen lines of distinct fine punctures; the

first is sutural, the second and third are wide apart

(wider apart at the base than at the apex), the space

between them is flat and moderately thickly punctured ;

the fourth and fifth strize are more impressed, especially

at the apex, regular, the intervals narrow (very narrow

at the base, gradually becoming wider to the apex), gently

convex and almost impunctate; the sixth, seventh,

eighth, and ninth strie are about equidistant, the

intervals narrow, the seventh stria is rather irregular,

and there are a few punctures on the interval between

the sixth and seventh strie; the tenth stria is not very

recular, and joins the eleventh a little behind the middle,

so that the space between them is elongate-triangular,

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT Iv. _(DEC.)

488 Mr. C. 0. Wrrerhouse’s Descriptions of

and is rather thickly punctured; the twelfth and thir-

teenth striz are regular, the interval between them

narrow; there are a few punctures on the interval be-

tween the thirteenth and fourteenth strie. The pygidium

is triangular, nearly twice as broad as long, strongly

impressed on each side, convex in the middle, finely

margined, rather thickly and strongly punctured, the

punctures transverse and open posteriorly; the apex is

obtusely notched in the middle. The anterior tibie are

slender and linear; the larger claw of the anterior and

intermediate pairs is bifid, the claws of the posterior

tarsi are simple. Length 124 lines.

Hab. Sumatra. A single example captured by Mr.

Charles Curtis, after whom I have named it.

This species, from the prolonged mesosternal process

and the curiously irregular intervals of the strie of the

elytra, approaches Popilia regine, Newman, but it is of

quite a different form, and it appears to me best placed

near Anomala (Spilota) irrorella, Castelnau.

CETONIIDA.

Macronota anceps.

Dull black; thorax moderately thickly punctured

with semicircular punctures, with a somewhat broad

shallow impression at the posterior portion of the

disk, noticeable particularly in the female. Elytra with

numerous fine wrinkled striz, which are more or less

obscured by the velvety clothing. Hach elytron has

three dull red stripes; the first is short and is close

to the scutellum; the second extends from the shoulder

to the apex, and is in the slightest degree raised;

the third is marginal: there is a small yellow spot below

the shoulder, between the second and third red stripes ;

another on the disk at the apex of the first red stripe ;

and a very small one behind the middle, between the

second and third stripes. The pygidium is slightly

convex, rather closely punctured, and entirely covered

with yellow clothing in the male; the female has a slight

longitudinal impression. The femora (except at the apex)

and the tibiw are pitchy red. The anterior tibize have

three teeth, but the first one is scarcely noticeable in the

male. The head has two longitudinal yellow lines. The

thorax has two yellow lines on the disk which unite

some new Coleoptera from Sumatra. 489

posteriorly and form a V, and there are also two yellow

lines, which commencing in the middle of the side unite

posteriorly in the middle of the base; the wide V thus

made is united to the discoidal one by a line running

along the margin. These yellow lines are all wanting

in the female example, but this may be the result of

accident. Length 7 lines.

Hab. Sumatra (C. Curtis).

This species is closely allied to M. picta, Guérin, and

M. aurantiaca, Voll. It differs in having the femora and

tibiz red, in having the pygidium entirely clothed with

yellow; the thorax is very strongly lobed at the base,

very slightly angular at the sides in the male; the

clypeus is only in the least degree emarginate in front.

Besides the yellow lines and the thorax, most of the

punctures are filled with yellow.

BRENTHIDA.

Eutrachelus sumatrensis, n. s.

Very close to H. Temminckii, Latr., and agrees with

it in every respect except that the thorax is a little less

broad and less rounded at the sides; the spots on the

elytra are similarly placed, but smaller, and the sub-

humeral one on the fifth and sixth interstices is absent ;

the basal spot is only on three interstices; the discoidal

spot is on the third and fourth interstices only; the

posterior band is much narrower, especially towards the

margin; at the apex there are only two elongate spots,

one on the third interstice, the other on the eighth.

Length 33 lines. Male.

Hab. Sumatra (C. Curtis).

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART Iv. (DEC.) a8

i Wadi 1

uMlayTat -t

’ Se

(491)

XXXII. Descriptions of uncharacterized species of Kumol-

pide, with notices of some previously described

insects belonging to the same Family. By Josrpu

S. Baty, F.L.S.

[Read September 7th, 1881.]

THe type specimens of the species described in the

present paper, formerly in my collection, are now in

the possession of F. D. Godman, Esq.; ultimately they

will be deposited in the British Museum.

List or SPECIES.

Metaxyonycha gigas . . Brazil.

a amasia . . Mexico.

ee Salvin . . Guatemala.

f pulchella. . Brazil.

a pretiosa . . Keuador.

te Batest . . Higa.

octosignata . Amazons.

tarsata . . Parana.

distincta. . St. Paulo.

: retifera . . Parana.

Chalcophana opulenta . . Bogota.

mexicana . . Mexico.

extmia . . Heuador.

Jacobyi . '. Pern:

”

At binotata . . Ecuador.

Callisina indica . . . . India.

Euryope pulchella . . . Cape of Good Hope.

Pie mgria Ss .'....> PortNatek

Corynodes limbatus . . . Gaboon.

Metaxyonycha gigas.

Elongata, convexa, sordide fulva, nitida, antennis

(basi excepta) nigris; thorace irregulariter punctato,

utrinque late sat profunde excavato, lateribus rotundatis,

muticis; elytris ad apicem paulo angustatis, apice ipso

conjuncto-angulatis ; elevato-costatis, interstitiis confuse

eemellato-punctatis.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT IV. (DEC.)

492 Mr. J. SBaly's Descriptions of

A. Elytris fulvis, utrisque plagis duabus magnis, prima

infra basin subquadrata, secunda prope medium

subovata, longe ante apicem abbreviata, viridi-

eyaneis, purpureo tinctis.

B. Elytris viridi-cyaneis, apice, limbo externo, fascia

commune vix ante medium, extrorsum late abbre-

viata necnon sutura inter fasciam et basin fulvis.

C. Elytris ut in B, sed fascia ante medium obsoleta.

D. Elytris totis fulvis. Long. 7} lin.

Hab. Brazil, New Friburg.

Head coarsely punctured ; encarpx thickened, smooth,

impunctate ; eyes subreniform, black ; three lower joints

of antenne fulvous, the rest black. Thorax much broader

than long; sides rounded, entire, slightly converging

towards the apex; disk coarsely punctured, either side

with a large deep excavation. Elytra much broader

than the thorax, slightly attenuated towards the apex,

the latter conjointly angulate; above convex, only slightly

excavated below the basilar space, the humeral callus

prominent; each elytron with eight raised coste, more

strongly elevated towards the apex, the two outer ones

strongly raised for their whole length, the hinder four-

fifths of the suture also thickened; interspaces between

the cost irregularly gemellate-punctate.

Metaxyonycha amasia, Marshall.

Ann. Nat. Hist. 1864, p. 888 (Prionodera).

Elongata, parallela, fulva, nitida, antennarum articulis

7, 8,9 et 11 nigris; thorace utrinque leviter foveolato,

disco sparse, ad latera crebrius-punctato, lateribus rotun-

datis, tridentatis ; elytris lete viridi-eneis, crebre rugoso-

punctatis, basi obsolete, ad apicem distincte elevato

costatis. Long. 3}—4} lin.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa.

Face deeply impressed longitudinally between the

eyes, the latter large, subrotundate, obsoletely sinuate,

black; antenne very slender, filiform, longer than the

body in the male, two-thirds its length in the female.

Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides rounded,

armed with three short subacute teeth, which occupy

the middle two-fourths of the margin, all the angles

mucronate; surface impressed on either side near the

uncharacterized species of Ewmolpide. 493

lateral margin with a yellow fovea; disk sparingly

punctured, the punctures more crowded on ‘the sides.

Elytra parallel on the sides, conjointly rounded at the

apex; convex, distinctly excavated below the basilar

space; closely rugose-punctate, transversely rugulose

below the basilar space; longitudinally costate at the

apex, obsoletely costate on the basilar space, the latter

slightly thickened.

Metaxyonycha Salvini, Jacoby.

Elongata, convexa, rufo-fulva, nitida, antennis, basi

exceptis, piceo-nigris ; thorace lateribus rotundatis, tri-

dentatis, disco utrinque excavato, rude et irregulariter

punctato; elytris viridi-eneis, elevato-costatis, inter-

spatiis fortiter punctatis. Long. 5% lin.

Hab. Guatemala.

Head coarsely punctured, front and vertex with a

longitudinal excavation ; antenne slender, the four lower

joints rufo-fulvous, the fifth to the seventh nigro-piceous

(the rest broken off). Thorax twice as broad as long;

sides rounded, armed with three short subacute teeth ;

disk coarsely and irregularly punctured, broadly but

not deeply excavated on either side. Hlytra broader

than the thorax, very slightly dilated behind the middle,

their apices conjointly subangulate-rotundate ;, above

convex, slightly excavated below the basilar space; each

elytron with eight strongly raised longitudinal cost, the

interspaces between which are very deeply punctured ;

on the anterior two-thirds of the disk and on the outer

margin these punctures are irregularly arranged in

double rows, the interspaces being irregularly wrinkled ;

near the suture and near the apex the punctures are

uniseriate, the apices of the third to the fifth cost con-

fluent and only forming a single ridge.

Metaxyonycha pulchella.

Elongata, parallela, convexa, fulva, nitida, antennis,

basi exceptis, nigris ; thorace fortiter irregulariter punc-

tato, utrinque sat profunde transversim excavato, lateribus

ante medium angulatis; elytris elevato-costatis, inter-

spatiis confuse gemellato-punctatis; lete cyaneis,

494 Mr. J. SFBaly’s Descriptions of

purpureo tinctis, limbo laterali, apice fasciaque mediali

fulvis. Long. 53 lin.

Hab. Brazil; a single specimen from Deyrolle’s

collection.

Face excavated between the eyes; vertex and front

distinctly punctured ; clypeus shining impunctate ; eyes

subreniform, concave-emarginate, shining black; an-

tenne nearly equal to the body in length, slender,

filiform, the four lower joints fulvous, the rest black.

Thorax nearly twice.as broad as long; sides diverging

from the base to just beyond the middle, where they are

produced into an ill-defined tooth, from thence they

obliquely converge towards the apex; disk strongly and

irregularly punctured, impressed on either side with a

deep transverse excavation. Elytra much broader than

the thorax, parallel, conjointly angulate at the apex,

convex, transversely excavated below the basilar space,

the latter thickened; each elytron with nine strongly-

elevated longitudinal cost, the first next the suture

short ; interspaces irregularly gemellato-punctate.

This species agrees in coloration with M. fasciata,

Lef.; it differs from that insect (judging from the

author’s description) in the angular sides of the thorax,

and in its disk being transversely excavated on either

side, a character not mentioned by M. Lefévre.

Metaxyonycha pretiosa.

Subelongata, convexa, fulva, nitida, antennis, basi

exceptis, tibiis tarsisque, nigris; thorace transverso,

disco rude punctato, utrinque profunde transversim

excavato, lateribus subangulatis, medio breviter tyri-

dentatis; elytris anguste oblongis, apice conjunctim

angulato-rotundatis ; convexis, infra basin vix excavatis,

callo humerali prominenti; rugoso-punctatis, longi-

tudinaliter costatis, costis fere omnino deletis, ad apicem

confusis; viridi-cyaneis, margine laterali, apice fasciaque

prope medium, fulvis. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Ecuador; collected by Mr. Buckley.

Face excavated between the eyes, front impressed with

a longitudinal fovea; general surface of vertex and front

regular, finely but not closely punctured; clypeus

uncharacterized species of Humolpide. 495

transverse, its apex broadly truncate; eyes oval,

obsoletely sinuate; antennz nearly equal to the body in

length, the three lower joints fulvous, the rest black.

Thorax twice as broad as long; sides subangulate,

armed in the middle with three very short subacute

teeth, anterior and posterior angles mucronate; upper

surface very coarsely and irregularly punctured, deeply

and broadly excavated on either side. Hlytra much

broader than the thorax, narrowly oblong, subparallel,

conjointly angulate, rotundate at the apex; above

convex, slightly excavated transversely below the basilar

space, the humeral callus prominent; surface rugose,

strongly and closely punctate, each elytron with several

ill-defined longitudinal cost, which are only visible here

and there on the surface; one of these near the lateral

margin is more distinctly raised and entire.

The robust form, the coarsely-punctured and deeply-

excavated thorax, together with the rugose-punctate

elytra, will at once separate this species from its allies.

Metaxyonycha Bates.

Elongata, convexa, fulva, nitida, antennis, basi ex-

ceptis, tibiis tarsisque nigris ; thorace irregulariter punc-

tato, utrinque sat profunde transversim excavato ; lateri-

bus tridentatis ; elytris anguste oblongis, apice conjunctim

angulato-rotundatis ; convexis, infra basin excavatis,

callo humerali prominenti ; crebre sat fortiter sed confuse

punctatis, basi et ad apicem obsolete costatis, costis

duabus externis magis elevatis, integris; fasciis duabus

latis, una basali, utrinque anguste abbreviata, secunda

infra medium, communi ad marginem lateralem non

extensa, viridi-cyaneis. Long. 5}—6 lin.

Hab. Upper Amazons, Ega, St. Paulo; collected by

Mr. Bates.

Head coarsely punctured, front deeply excavated ;

clypeus trigonate, less strongly punctured than the

upper face; eyes rotundate-ovate, very slightly sinuate ;

three lower joints of antenne fulvous, the rest black.

Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides rounded,

armed in the middle with three short obtuse teeth,

anterior and hinder angles mucronate; disk rather

coarsely and irregularly punctured, deeply excavated

496 Mr. J. SBaly’s Descriptions of

transversely on either side. Elytra broader than the

thorax, parallel, angulate-rotundate at the apex, convex,

deeply excavated below the basilar space, the latter

thickened ; coarsely ,and closely punctured, rugulose on

the anterior disk; on the basilar space and again at the

extreme apex are several ill-defined longitudinal coste ;

near the lateral margin are two others more strongly

raised and entire.

Metaxyonycha octosignata.

Elongata, parallela, convexa, flavo-fulva, nitida,

thorace vage punctato, lateribus rotundatis, integris ;

elytris confuse punctatis, ad apicem elevato-costatis ;

utrinque maculis quatuor, duabus ad basin, duabusque

pone medium, nigro-purpureis. Long. 4 lin.

Hab. Amazons; a single specimen collected by Mr.

Bates.

Face deeply impressed transversely between the eyes,

vertex and front stained with piceous, sparimgly punc-

tured; anterior margin of clypeus bidentate; eyes large,

subrotundate, slightly emarginate, black; antenne equal:

to the body in length, entirely fulvous. Thorax nearly

two-thirds as broad again as long; sides regularly

rounded, entire, disk sparingly punctured. Elytra broader

than the thorax, their sides parallel, their apices con-

jointly angulate-rotundate; above convex, subrugulose

below the basilar space, rather closely punctured, the

punctures arranged without order over the general

surface, placed in a single row next the suture, and

arranged irregularly in longitudinal striez near the apex,

the interspaces between these strie elevate-costate;

on the basilar space are also several nearly obsolete

coste. The four spots on each elytron are arranged as

follows :—two immediately below the base, parallel; one

covering the humeral callus, narrow, the other near

the suture, narrowly oblong; two below the middle,

the inner one subquadrate, placed closely to the suture,

the outer one situated on the middle of the outer

disk, linear-elongate, its apical end parallel with the

upper margin of the inner spot, its lower end extending

downwards towards the apex of the elytra.

uncharacterized species of Humolpide. 497

Metaxyonycha tarsata.

Subelongata, conyexa, fulva, nitida, antennis, basi

exceptis, tarsisque nigris; thorace sat fortiter, irregulariter

punctato, lateribus rotundatis, medio obsolete tridentatis ;

elytris anguste oblongis, apice conjunctim angulato-

rotundatis ; convexis, infra basin distincte transversim

excavatis, elevato-costatis, interspatiis prope suturam

uniseriatim, ceteris confuse biseriatim-punctatis ; utrin-

que plaga subquadrata magna infra basin posita, fas-

claque vix pone medium, nec suturam nec marginem

attingenti lete cyaneis. Long. 43 lin.

Hab. Parana; a single specimen from the collection

of the late W. W, Saunders.

Face excavated between the eyes; vertex and front

finely but distinctly punctured; eyes rotundate-ovate,

obsoletely sinuate; three lower joints of antenne fulvous,

the rest black. Thorax twice as broad as long; sides

rounded, their middle obsoletely tridentate; disk

strongly punctured, distinctly excavated on the sides.

Elytra much broader than the thorax, conjointly

angulate-rotundate at the apex, transversely excavated

below the basilar space, the excavation not extending to

the suture; each elytron with nine strongly-raised

longitudinal coste, the first short, the ninth more

strongly raised than the others, the fifth and seventh

united at their apices and forming a single ridge; the

puncturing of the interspaces on the inner disk uni-

seriate, the interspaces on the outer disk irregularly

gemellato-punctate.

Metaxyonycha distincta.

Subelongata, convexa, sordide flava, nitida, antennis

(basi excepta) tibiis dorso tarsisque nigro-piceis; thorace

levi, disco remote- ad latera crebrius-punctato, lateribus

tridentatis, dente postico fere obsoleto; elytris confuse

subcrebre punctatis, punctis ad apicem confuse-striatim

dispositis, interspatiis inter has strias convexiusculis ;

utrinque macula parva oblonga intra callum humerale

alteraque pone medium subrotundata, nigro-piceis.

Long. 5 lin.

Hab. Amazons, St. Paulo.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PART Iv. (DEC.) 3T

498 Mr. J. SPaly's Descriptions of

Face deeply excavated between the eyes, vertex shining,

nearly impunctate; eyes large, oval, slightly sinuate ;

antenne nearly equal to the body in length, slender,

filiform, the four lower joints flavous, the rest nigro-

piceous. Thorax about two-thirds as broad again as

long; sides armed with three short teeth, the medial one

(placed on the middle of the margin) longer, subacute,

the lateral ones shorter and obtuse, the posterior tooth,

placed half-way between the middle and the base,

nearly obsolete; all the angles mucronate. Scutellum

narrowly edged with piceous. EHlytra oblong, angulate-

rotundate at the apex; above convex, the humeral callus

prominent; surface rather closely but not very strongly

punctured, the punctures near the apex irregularly

arranged in longitudinal rows, the interspaces between

which are slightly convex.

Nearly allied to M. humeralis, Marsh.; more than

twice the size, more convex, the elytra differently

sculptured ; the basal spot on the elytron situated on

the inner side of the humeral callus, and not on the

callus itself, as in the other species.

Metaxyonycha retifera.

Oblonga, convexa, nigra, nitida; thorace crebre

punctato, subruguloso, lateribus oblique rotundato-

angustatis, angulis acutis; elytris nigro-purpureis,

sutura anguste enea; utrinque rete crassa valde elevata

rufa, areolas irregulares parvas, fundo crebre punctatas

includenti, instructis. Long. 5 lin.

Hab. Parana.

Head distinctly punctured, labrum fulvous, five lower

joints of the antenne slender (the rest broken off). Thorax

nearly twice as broad as long at the base; sides slightly

rounded, obliquely converging from the base to the apex,

all the angles acute; disk closely punctured, subrugulose.

Elytra convex, conjointly angulate at the apex, each

elytron entirely covered (the outer limb and the sutural

margin excepted) with a strongly-raised coarse irregular

rufous network, which encloses numerous closely-punc-

tured, irregular cell-like spaces; this network is formed

by seven coarse strongly-raised longitudinal costz, dis-

torted and rendered indistinct by a number of trans-

verse ridges equal in length and thickness to the coste

uncharacterized species of Humolpide. 499

themselves; outer limb rugose, the sutural margin

subcostate.

Chalcophana opulenta.

Oblongo-ovata, rufo-testacea, nitida, antennis, tibis

(basi externa excepta) tarsisque nigris; thorace remote

et minute punctato; elytris crebre confuse punctatis,

prope marginem unicostatis, rufo-aureis ; viridi anguste

limbatis. Long 43 lin.

Hab. Bogota.

Head trigonate, rather longer than broad; face deeply

excavated between the eyes, the excavation extending

upwards and forming a wedge-shaped fovea on the front

and vertex; eyes, apices of jaws, palpi and antenne

black, the latter two-thirds the length of the body,

robust, slightly increasing in‘ thickness towards the

apex, the two lower joints nigro-piceous. Thorax twice

as broad as long at the base; sides slightly rounded,

converging from the base towards the apex, all the

angles submucronate ; disk shining, remotely punctured.

Scutellum piceous. Elytra oblong, conjointly angulate-

rotundate at the apex; convex, closely punctured,

rugulose; on the side below the humeral callus is an

ill-defined longitudinal costa, rufo-aureous; the outer

limb, together with the extreme sutural margin, metallic-

green.

Chalcophana mexicana.

Anguste ovata, convexa, rufa, nitida, antennis, basi

exceptis, tarsisque nigris; thorace nitido, impunctato ;

elytris metallico-purpureis, limbo laterali anguste rufo ;

infra basin sat profunde excavatis, confuse subseriatim

punctatis, punctis ad apicem minus distinctis.

Mas. Tarsorum anticorum quatuor articulo basali

dilatato, quam lato plus dimidio longiori, semiovato.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab. Mexico.

Head wedge-shaped, rather longer than broad;

antenne very slightly thickened towards the apex,

nearly equal to the body in length, black, the three

lower joints rufo-fulvous. Thorax twice as broad as

long; sides almost straight and parallel from the base

nearly to the middle, thence rounded and converging

towards the apex, all the angles mucronate; disk

500 Mr. J. SFaly’s Descriptions of

shining, impunctate. Elytra narrowly oblong-ovate,

very slightly attenuated towards the apex, the latter

conjointly subangulate-rotundate ; above convex, rather

deeply excavated below the basilar space, the excavation

extending upwards along the inner margin of the

humeral callus to the base; surface distinctly punctured,

the puncturing coarser on the sides, very fine towards

the apex; close to the suture the punctures are arranged

in a single longitudinal stria; here and there on the

disk are traces of double rows of punctures.

Chalcophana eximia.

Blongata-ovata, postice attenuata, rufo-testacea, ni-

tida, antennis, basi exceptis, abdomine, tibiis (basi

externa excepta) tarsisque nigris; thorace levi, disco

remote et minute punctato, basi serie unica punctorum

distinctorum marginato; elytris viridi-eneis, cupreo

tinctis, elevato-costatis, costis internis ante medium

obsoletis, interspatiis fortiter seriatim punctatis. Long.

5 lin.

Hab. Ecuador.

Head trigonate, slightly longer than broad; vertex

very finely and distinctly punctured, impressed on the

medial line with a longitudinal groove; encarpe thick-

ened; antenne nearly three-fourths the length of the

body, the basal joint rufo-testaceous, the rest black ;

eyes, apices of jaws and the palpi also black. Thorax

more than twice as broad as long at the base, sides very

obliquely converging and slightly rounded from base to

apex, all the angles mucronate; disk shining, very

sparingly impressed with minute punctures, only visible

under a strong lens; basal margin bordered with a

single row of distinct punctures. Elytra much broader

than the thorax at the base, sides gradually narrowed

from the base towards the apex, the latter conjointly

angulate ; above convex, the humeral callus prominent ;

surface very coarsely punctured, the punctures irregularly

placed in longitudinal strie; the interspaces rugose,

nitidous; each elytron with eight rather strongly-

elevated cost, the three inner ones only visible on the

hinder disk, the eighth short, placed immediately below

the shoulder and uniting with the seventh a short

distance below the humeral callus,

uncharacterized species of Eumolpide. 501

Chalcophana Jacobyi.

Anguste oblonga, convexa, fulva aut piceo-fulva,

nitida, abdomine nigro-cyaneo, tarsis, elytrorum dimidio

postico antennarumque articulis 4to ad 7tum nigris ;

harum articulis ultimis tribus sordide flavis; thorace

disperse minute punctato; elytris seriatim punctatis,

disco externo quadricostatis, costa exteriori valde elevata.

Long. 43—5 lin.

Var. A. Pectore pedibusque totis flavis, thorace magis

distincte punctato.

Hab. Peru, Chamebayo.

Head wedge-shaped, much longer than broad; vertex

minutely punctured; eyes and apices of jaws black.

Thorax more than twice as broad as long; sides rounded

and converging from base to apex, all the angles

mucronate; disk nitidous, very sparingly and minutely

punctured. Elytra subquadrate-oblong ; sides parallel,

their apices conjointly angulate-rotundate ; disk convex,

each elytron excavated below the basilar space ; surface

punctured, the punctures rather deeply impressed before

the middle, much finer and shallower behind the latter,

irregularly arranged in longitudinal rows, the spaces

between which form plane smooth impunctate vitte ;

on the outer disk these vitte form four strongly-raised

coste, the outer one of which on its hinder half is still

more strongly elevated and forms a narrow keel-like

ridge; on the hinder disk the sutural stria is composed

of a single row of punctures and is distinctly sulcate.

Chalcophana binotata.

Anguste oblonga, convexa, fulva, nitida, tibiis apice

tarsisque nigris, metasterno utrinque piceo, abdo-

mine nigro-chalybeo; thorace fere impunctato, nitido ;

elytris basi distincte, pone medium minute, sub-

seriatim punctatis, disco exteriori quadricostatis, costa

exteriori valde elevata; utrisque a paullo ante medium

ad apicem maculaque rotundata subbasali inter mar-

ginem et suturam posita, nigris, chalybeo vix tinctis.

Long. 43—5 lin.

Hab. Ecuador ; collected by Mr. Buckley.

Head wedge-shaped, much longer than broad; front

impressed with a faint longitudinal groove; eyes pale ;

502 Med. SFaly’s Descriptions of

apices of jaws black. Thorax more than twice as broad

as long at the base; sides very obliquely converging and

slightly rounded from base to apex, all the angles

mucronate; disk shining, nearly impunctate. Elytra

similar in form to those of C. Jacobyi, similarly sculp-

tured, with the exception that the punctuation on the

anterior two-thirds of the surface is rather more

confused, rendering the smooth longitudinal interspaces

less distinct ; the inner lateral costa is also less distinctly

elevated.

Dematocuroma, Baly.

Desc. of New Genera and Species of Phytophaga,

April, 1864, p. 16.

Thasycles, Chapuis, Gen. Col. x. p. 254.

Dematochroma picea, Baly.

Pe Ces De LG.

Fom. Antennis quam dimidio corporis paullo lon-

gioribus, gracilibus, filiformibus.

Hab. Word Howe’s Island.

Dematochroma cordiformis, Chapuis.

Thasycles cordiformis, Chap., Gen. Col. x. p. 255.

I have received this species under the name Edusa

laticollis, Fauvel.

Dematochroma antipodium, Fauvel.

Chalcoplasia antipodium, Fauvel, Bull. Soc. Linn.

Normand. vii. 1872, p. 167.

Dematochroma Kanalensis, Perroud.

Colaspis Kanalensis, Perroud, Mélanges Entom., 1864,

p. 162.

Dematochroma brunnea, Fabr.

CHRYSOLAMPRA.

Chrysolampra smaragdula, Boh.

Colaspis smaragdula, Boh., Res. Eugen. p. 170.

Hab. Hong Kong.

uncharacterized species of Eumolpide. 503

CALLISINA.

Callisina Mouhoti, Baly.

Desc. of New Gen. & Spec. of Phyt., April, 1864, p. 11.

Hab. Siam.

Omitted in v. Harold’s Catalogue.

Callisina indica.

Ovata, convexa, obscure rufo-picea, nitida; thorace

nigro-piceo, evidenter punctato; elytris distincte punc-

tato-striatis, utrisque plaga magna subquadrata baseos,

alteraque pone medium subovata, rufo-testaceis; fe-

moribus anticis modice incrassatis. Long. 3 lin.

Hab. India?

Head rugose-punctate; inner and upper orbits of eyes

nigro-piceous. Thorax one-fourth broader than long ;

sides straight and parallel from the base to beyond the

middle, thence rounded and converging towards the

apex, the anterior angles submucronate; disk distinctly

but not closely punctured. EHlytra subquadrate-ovate,

rather strongly punctate-striate; each with a subquadrate

basal patch which extends from the outer margin nearly

to the suture, and a second subovate, between the middle

and apex, rufo-testaceous.

Very similar in pattern to C. quadripustulata, separated

from that species by the strongly-punctured elytra.

CoLASPOSOMA.

Colasposoma instabile, v. Harold.

Mitth. Minch. Ent. Ver., Dec., 1877, p. xviil.

Colasposoma inconstans, v. Harold, l.c.,1877. C.varians,

Baly, Ent. Mo. Mag., January, 1878, p. 178.

Hab. Lake Nyassa.

The name inconstans having been already used by

myself for an insect of the same genus described in

these Transactions (Phyt. Malay., p. 276), v. Harold’s

original name sinks into a synonym.

Colasposoma abdominale, Baly.

Desc. of New Gen. & Spec. of Phyt., p. 15.

Hab. Lake N’Gami.

Not noticed in vy. Harold’s Catalogue.

504 Mr. J. PM aty's Descriptions of

Colasposoma Lefevret.

Colasposomaabdominale, Lefevre, Ann. Soc. Ent.France,

1877, p. 315.

Hab. Ganzibar.

Colasposoma aureo-vittatum, Baly.

Desc. of New Gen. & Spec. of Phyt. p. 14.

Hab. India.

Not quoted in v. Harold’s Catalogue.

Colasposoma pulcherrimum, Baly.

L.c., p.15. (India). Also not quoted.

Euryope pulchella.

Subquadrato-oblonga, convexa, lete cerulea, nitida,

femoribus (basi et apice exceptis), capite thoraceque

fulvis, capite subcrebre punctato, antice et intra oculos

ceruleo marginato, ore antennisque nigris; thorace

lato, tenuiter punctato, angulis anticis margineque

aneuste basali nigris, margine apicali, utrinque abbre-

viata, late ceruleo; elytris subquadratis, apice late

rotundatis, convexis, infra basin leviter excavatis,

tenuiter punctatis, interspatis rugulosis.

Mas. Thoracis lateribus a basi ad apicem rotundato-

amplatis.

Fem. Thoracis lateribus regulariter rotundatis, an-

tice non ampliatis. Long. 4 lin.

Hab. Cape of Good Hope.

Head finely punctured, very broad in the male, less

dilated in the female; antenne in the latter sex less

than half the length of the body. ‘Thorax three times

as broad as long in the female; still broader in the

male; sides rounded and diverging from the base

towards the apex in the male, regularly rounded in the

other sex; all the angles mucronate; disk finely, sides

more coarsely and closely punctured. Elytra_ sub-

quadrate, broadly rounded at the apex, convex, faintly

excavated below the basilar space, the humeral callus

prominent; surface rugulose, subopaque, finely but not

closely punctured.

uncharacterized species of EHumolpide. 505

Huryope nigrita.

Breviter ovata, convexa, piceo-nigra aut nigra, nitida,

labro antennarumque basi piceis; thorace tenuiter sub-

crebre punctato; elytris confuse, tenuissime punctatis,

punctis prope marginem magis distinctis, substriatim

dispositis. Long. 33 lin.

Hab. Port Natal, Zululand.

Head finely punctured on the vertex, lower face more

strongly and closely punctured, space between the eyes

excavated ; jaws coarsely punctured; antenne half the

length of the body, the three lower joints piceous, more

or less stained with black. Thorax nearly twice as

broad as long; sides nearly straight, diverging from the

base nearly to the apex, thence abruptly converging to

the anterior angles, all the angles acute, mucronate ;

disk finely but distinctly punctured, the puncturing

coarser and closer on the sides; on either side of the

anterior disk, near the lateral margin, is a fait longi-

tudinal excavation. Elytra coadnate, convex, very finely

and distinctly punctured, the punctures more distinct

on the sides where they are irregularly placed in

longitudinal strie.

Corynodes limbatus.

Elongato-ovatus, postice ampliatus, convexus, niger,

nitidus, capite piceo-fulvo, vertice, orbitis antennisque

(his basi exceptis) nigris; thorace quam longo distincte

latiori, subconico, piceo-fulvo, utrinque macula irregulari

nigra ornato; elytris minus nitidis, crebre punctatis, nigris,

utrisque limbo (basi excepta) piceo-fulvis. Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Gaboon.

Head shining, very minutely punctured; antenne

more than half the length of the body, the six outer

joints compressed, slightly dilated. Thorax nearly a

third broader than long at the base; sides obliquely

converging from the base towards the apex, more quickly

converging near the latter, the hinder angles very acute ;

disk minutely punctured, impressed on either side with

a deep fovea. Elytra convex, not depressed below the

basilar space, closely subrugose-punctate, three basal

joints obscure piceous, stained with black.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PpaRtT Iv. (DEC.) 3 U

506 Mr. J. 8. BalyM™escriptions of Eumolpide.

Corynodes tuberculatus, C. fraternus, C. gratiosus, C.

pretiosus and C. Dohrnii, quoted in v. Harold’s Catalogue

as having been originally described by Mr. Marshall, were

all previously characterized by myself in ‘ Descriptions

of New Genera and Species of Phytophaga,’ published at

Stationers’ Hall, April 19th, 1864.

C. Mouhoti, described by me from Cambodia, in the

same paper, p. 7, is not quoted in the Catalogue.

Dormorhytis ornatipinna from Ceylon, l. c., p. 8, and

Callisina Mouhoti from Cambodia, . ¢., p. 11, are also not

quoted.

(> o07 )

XXXIIL. On some new Coleoptera from the Hawatian

Islands. By D. Suarp.

[Read October 5th, 1881.|

Since my last paper on the Sandwich Islands Coleoptera

was published by the Society, Mr. Blackburn has been

able to give but little attention to Entomology, owing to

his being much occupied with the duties of his official

position, and thus prevented from leaving home. lam,

however, able to offer to the Society descriptions of

thirty-four new species, a large portion of which are due

to a visit Mr. Blackburn was able to make to the large

island of Hawaii a year or two ago. I hope before long

to make another contribution to a knowledge of this

interesting insular fauna, the entomological portion of

which, notwithstanding Mr. Blackburn’s successtul efforts,

is still far from being completely known.

NITIDULIDA.

Mr. Blackburn has been very successful in adding to

the remarkable series of Hawaiian species of this family,

so that Iam able to describe here eleven new species,

and yet have been obliged to leave untouched several

obscure forms, which, in the absence of sufficient

material, could not with certainty be treated as distinct

species. These new discoveries necessitate the establish-

ment of two new groups in the genus Brachypeplus, in

addition to those briefly characterised in the ‘ Trans-

actions ’ of the Society, 1878, p. 182. The first of these

groups consists of species of small size, and but little

depressed form, the elytra especially being convex or

subinflated, the eyes are moderately large, and do not

extend quite to the hind margin of the head, although

they may nearly attain it; but the group is especially

characterised by the fact that the prosternal process 1s

abruptly curved upwards behind the coxe. The species

approach, on the one hand, to the genus Gonioryctus; on

the other, to the B. discedens group of Brachypeplus, so

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT Iv. (DEC.)

508 Mr. D@Bharp on some new

that it may be placed at the head of the Hawaiian series

of the genus; it consists of B. tinctus, B. proteinoides,

B. inauratus, B. affinis, and B. bidens. I will take this

opportunity of correcting an error that by inadvertence

occurred in the ‘Transactions’ of the Society, 1879,

p-. 85, with regard to P. proteinoides. The description of

that species should have been placed before, instead of

after, that of B. explanatus, and the expression “ allied

to the preceding” refers not to B. explanatus, which

belongs to another group, but to B. tinctus. The second

new group must be established for the very remarkable

B. blackburn. There can be little doubt that this will

form a distinct genus from the other Brachypepli ; but

at present I prefer to leave it as a group thereof, for

I think that increased knowledge and material will lead to

the arrangement of the Hawatian Brachypepli in several

distinct genera, but this can be better done when the

species are most of them known than when they are in

large part stillunknown. The B. blackburni differs by its

shining and glabrous surface, its slender legs, com-

paratively narrow and convex form, by the slight con-

striction of the head behind the eyes, and, most decidedly

of all, by the elongation of the basal portion of the

pronotum, which rests on the elytra, and which, instead

of having a very fine indistinct basal margin, possesses

a broad flat one. The antennal grooves on the under

side of the head converge very little towards the middle,

but extend nearly directly backwards.

With regard to the other new species of Brachypeplus

here described, it is only necessary to remark that

B. vestitus is a very distinct species, apparently belong-

ing to the B. discedens group, to which group must also

be assigned B. metallescens and B. varius. B. guttatus

and B. sordidus are very distinct species of the B.

robustus group, while B. striatus and B. obsoletus belong

to the group of B. omalioides and allies.

Brachypeplus inauratus, n. s.

Vix latus, parum elongatus, subdepressus, subopacus,

tenuiter sed conspicue pubescens, fusco-testaceus, eneo-

tinctus, antennis pedibusque sordide testaceis; pro-

thorace transverso, fortiter crebre punctato, lateribus

rotundatis ; elytris conspicue seriatim punctatis, inter-

stitius obsolete punctatis; abdomine crebrius fortiter

punctato. Long. 4, lat. 13 mm.

Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. 509

Antenne dusky yellow, rather short. Head not very

broad, rather closely and coarsely punctate. Thorax

strongly transverse, transversely convex, the front mar-

gin straight, the sides regularly rounded, the base slightly

broader than the front margin, the hind angles obtuse,

the surface very brassy, coarsely and closely punctured,

with a fine but distinct pubescence of a pale golden

colour. Elytra elongate, but leaving exposed two and a

half segments of the hind body, bearing distinct though

fine series of punctures, and with the interstices in-

distinctly punctured, but more distinctly pubescent.

Dorsal plates of hind body coarsely and closely punctate.

Legs sordid yellow, the tarsi darker.

The specimen described is a male, and has the hind

margin of the last dorsal plate rather deeply notched,

and leaving a supplementary segment exposed.

The species is allied to B. tinctus, but the head is not

so broad, and not so truncate behind the eyes, the thorax

is shorter and the puncturation coarser, the pubescence

more conspicuous, and the notch at the apex of the last

dorsal plate deeper.

Found on flowers at an elevation of about 7000 feet

on Mauna Kea, Hawaii.

Brachypeplus affinis, n. 8.

Vix latus, parum elongatus et depressus, subnitidus,

tenuiter pubescens, testaceus, plus minusve infuscatus,

capite prothorace elytrisque metallico-tinctis ; prothorace

transverso, fortiter punctato, lateribus rotundatis, an-

gulis posterioribus rotundato-obtusis ; elytris seriatim

subtiliter punctatis. Long. 34, lat. 1; mm.

Thorax rather strongly transverse, the sides much

rounded, not in the least sinuate near the hind angles,

which are not only obtuse, but indefinite, owing to

being slightly rounded; the surface rather coarsely

punctate. Hlytra with distinct series of fine punc-

tures, the interstices very obscurely punctulate. Dorsal

seements of hind body moderately closely and coarsely

punctured.

In the male the apex of the last dorsal plate is broad,

but is only very slight emarginate, and its angles are

excessively obtuse, and somewhat thickened, but very

little prominent.

510 Mr. DRharp on some new

The species is closely allied to B. inawratus, but the

sculpture of the thorax is less dense, that of the elytra

finer, that of the dorsal segments less coarse and close,

and the male has the extremity of the last dorsal plate

less emarginate, and the angles scarcely at all promi-

nent.

Mr. Blackburn found this species by beating flowers at

an elevation of about 8000 feet on Mauna Kea, Hawaii.

Brachypeplus bidens, n. 8.

Vix latus, parum elongatus, tenuiter pubescens, fuscus,

pedibus, capite thoraceque testaceis, elytris metallescenti-

bus, abdominis segmentis dorsalibus, eneo-fuscis, an-

tennis rufo-obscuris basi dilutiore ; thorace haud fortiter

transverso, crebre parum fortiter punctato, elytris obso-

lete seriatim punctatis. Long. 4, lat. 1} mm.

Head flat, distinctly, moderately coarsely punctate,

finely pubescent, testaceous, but with a metallic tinge.

Thorax rather large, longer than broad, truncate in front,

the sides rounded, obscurely sinuate near the hind angles,

which are definite and nearly rectangular, the surface is

rather finely and evenly punctate, and delicately pube-

scent, the colour is yellow, but on the front and middle

it is tinged with brassy. The elytra are of a brassy

colour and are rather convex; their sculpture is fine and

indistinct, and their pubescence short and scanty; on

careful examination it can be seen that there is a serial

arrangement of the punctures. The basal segments

are moderately closely and finely punctate. The legs

are yellow.

The individual described is a male, and is remarkable

by the excision of the hind margin of the last dorsal

plate, which is so formed that each side projects, as a

short, distinct, acute tooth.

The species is allied to B. proteinoides, but is much

broader, aud the puncturation of the thorax is less dis-

tinct; in the male of B. proteinoides, moreover, the

apical dorsal plate is only slightly excised, and the

teeth formed by the sides are short, obtuse, and but little

distant.

Found on flowers on Mauna Loa, at an elevation of

about 4500 feet.

Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. 511

Brachypeplus vestitus, n. 8.

Suboblongus, parum latus, depressus, fusco-niger,

capite superne, pronoto elytrisque enescentibus, an-

tennis pedibusque flavis, femoribus fuscescentibus;

densius pubescens, opacus. Long. 83, lat. 1} lin.

Antenne pale yellow, with broad club. Head small,

about half as broad as the thorax, closely and moderately

coarsely punctured. Thorax strongly transverse, the sides

much rounded, narrower at the front angles than at the

base, truncate in front, the anterior angles not being in

the least prominent, the posterior angles obtuse, the

surface but little uneven, rather coarsely punctate, and

with a fine, regular, rather elongate pubescence of a very

pale flavescent colour. LElytra not twice as long as the

thorax, parallel-sided, nearly truncate behind, the sutural

angles almost rectangular, the outer angles but little

rounded; their surface is finely and indistinctly punctate,

and has indistinct series of very fine punctures; the

obscure sculpture is more difficult to perceive on account

of the conspicuous pubescence, which is similar to that

of the thorax. The three exposed dorsal segments are

dull black, with a faint metallic tinge, and are obscurely

but rather closely punctured, and delicately but distinctly

pubescent. The legs are short, the tibie and tarsi yellow,

the femora infuscate.

This species is allied to B. puncticeps, but differs from

it very decidedly by the much narrower form and the

pubescent surface. The sex of the only individual I

have seen is doubtful to me; the front tibie are much

curved, and the apex of the last dorsal plate is rounded

and simple, not depressed in the middle.

Found on flowers near Honolulu at an elevation of

about. 1500 feet.

Brachypeplus metallescens, n. 8.

Latiusculus, haud elongatus, depressus, fuscus, supra

enescens, prothoracis marginibus testaceis, antennis

pedibusque testaceis, illarum clava infuscata, parcius

pubescens, elytris obsolete punctatis, punctis seriatis

subtilissimis. Long. 44, lat. 13 mm.

Head rather more than half as broad as the thorax,

densely (male) or closely (female) punctate, with a brassy

512 Mr. DWharp on some new

tinge. Thorax strongly transverse, truncate in front,

with the anterior angles not prominent, extremely

rounded, sides much curved, the base broader than the

front, the hind angles obtuse, the surface closely punc-

tured, sparingly pubescent. Elytra very indistinctly

punctate, and sparingly pubescent.

The male has all the tarsi broader than they are in

the female; the apex of the last dorsal segment is trun-

cate, and in the middle obscurely emarginate; the

extremity of the last ventral segment is rather broadly

truncate and shehtly emarginate. The head is rather

broader than in the female, and is more densely punctate.

The thorax is rather larger, and more closely punctate

on the disc. In the female the apex of the last dorsal

segment is rounded, but is depressed, so that its form is

obscure ; the hind margin of the ventral plate is rather

narrow, and is truncate, and not emarginate, but rather

slightly rounded.

The species is closely allied to Brachypeplus discedens,

but has the thorax more densely, the elytra more obso-

letely, punctate.

Found on flowers of Fireycinetia and other plants on

Mauna Loa and Mauna Koa, Hawaii, ascending to

5000 feet.

Obs. As the differences between the sexes of this

species are similar to those which I found to obtain be-

tween B. discedens and; B. puncticeps, I have now little

doubt that B. puncticeps is the male, B. discedens the

female, of one and the same species, and I propose that

it should bear the name of B. discedens.

Brachypeplus varius, n. 8.

Sat latus, depressus, fusco-testaceus, supra sub-

enescens, subtiliter pubescens, antennarum basi pedi-

busque testaceis, tarsis fuscis ; prothorace fortiter trans-

verso, crebre punctato; elytris subimpressis, seriatim

punctatis, interstitiis obsolete punctulatis. Long. 4,

lat. 14 mm.

Antenne dusky, with the two or three basal joints

yellow. Head fuscous, with a brassy tinge, rather

closely punctate. Thorax strongly transverse, slightly

broader at the base than at the front angles, the sides

much rounded, the front angles not in the least produced,

Coleoptera from the Hawatian Islands. 5138

indeed the length is almost greater along the middle

than at the sides, the hind angles obtuse ; testaceous, or

fusco-testaceous in colour, with a brassy tinge, rather

coarsely and not closely punctured; the disc with some

very obscure depressions. Hlytra fusco-testaceous, with

a brassy tinge, the colour not quite uniform, but some-

what variegate, extremely finely striate, and the striz

bearing indistinct punctures; the interstices very

obscurely, but still just perceptibly, elevated, very in-

distinctly punctate, finely and sparingly pubescent,

their surface not quite even, but with some obscure

depressions. Dorsal segments rather closely punctate.

Under surface either testaceous or fuscous ; legs yellow,

tarsi infuscate.

The male has the tarsi slightly broader than they are

in the female, and the hind margins of the dorsal and

ventral plates of the last segment are truncate in it,

while they are rounded in the female.

This species is allied to B. discedens, but is not so

broad and depressed in form; the elytra have their

surface uneven, and their serial sculpture more strongly

marked; the species, in respect of its colour, form,

and sculpture, makes a slight approach to the B. im-

pressus group.

Found on flowers on Mauna Loa, Hawaii, at an eleva-

tion of about 4000 feet.

Brachypeplus guttatus, n.s.

Robustus, sat latus et elongatus, parum depressus,

opacus, parum pubescens, rufo-fuscus, elytris guttis

testaceis vel rufis ornatis, pedibus fusco-testaceis ; pro-

thorace dense rugoso-punctato, disco obsolete quadri-

impresso ; elytris striatis, dense parum argute punctatis.

Long. 5—6, lat. 2—24 mm.

Antenne rather short, with broad club, reddish, the

third joint infuscate. Head broad, densely punctate.

Thorax transverse, the front margin a little emarginate,

the angles very obtuse, the hind angles definite, not in

the least rounded, distinctly obtuse; the sides but little

rounded, the base slightly broader than the front margin ;

the colour is a mixture of fuscous with red; the surface

is quite dull, very indistinctly pubescent, densely punc-

tured, and on the middle are four shallow impressions.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT Iv. (DEC.) 3X

514 Mr. BPSharp on some new

Elytra a good deal longer than the thorax, with distinct

strie, which are very indistinctly punctured ; the inter-

stices are slightly convex, their whole surface is densely

but indistinctly punctured and finely pubescent ; they are

ornamented with some pale red or yellow spots, one at

the humeral angle, one between this and the scutellum ;

the humeral mark extends backwards along the side, and

near the middle is connected with a spot placed inter-

nally to itself; near the hind margin are two other

spots; all these spots are more or less elongate in the

longitudinal direction. The exposed dorsal segments

are rather closely punctured. The legs are yellow, the

base of the femora infuseate, and the tibize more or less

fuscous along their margins.

The sexual characters are not conspicuous, but the

male has the last ventral plate shorter than in the

female, and so leaving exposed beneath a short supple-

mentary segment.

Found near Honolulu among the sap exuding from a

Koa tree.

Brachypeplus sordidus, n. 8.

Robustus, sat latus, parum elongatus et depressus,

opacus, parum dense sed conspicue pubescens, fuscus,

antennis rufis, pedibus fusco-testaceis ; prothorace for-

titer transverso, obsolete punctato, dorso tri- vel quadri-

impresso ; elytris vix striatis, parum distincte punctatis.

Long. 5, lat. 2 mm.

Head rather small, somewhat coarsely but indistinctly

punctured. Thorax strongly transverse, slightly emargi-

nate in front, the sides a good deal more rounded in

front than behind, the hind angles nearly rectangular ;

the surface quite dull, with a coarse but quite obsolete

puncturation, and with a scanty but very distinct pale

yellow pubescence, on the disc behind the middle with

two distinct impressions, and in front of these with a

third larger but more indistinct impression that is in-

distinctly divided into two. Elytra very dull, and rather

uneven, but without distinct striation or puncturation, and

with a scanty irregular pubescence. Hind body rather

coarsely but not deeply punctured.

I have before me only a single female individual, in

very decayed condition, of this species ; it belongs to the

B. robustus group, but is less depressed than other

Coleoptera from the Hawauan Islands. 515

Hawaiian Brachypepli hitherto described, and is remark-

able by the peculiar uneven surface of the elytra, which

at the same time show no distinct sculpture.

Found on Mauna Loa at Kilauea, near the ‘lake of

fire,” by beating, at an elevation of about 4000 feet.

Brachypeplus striatus, n. 8.

Latus, depressus, subopacus, parcissime pubescens,

irregulariter fusco-testaceus ; prothorace crebrius rugu-

loso-punctato, disco sat profunde quadri-impresso ;

elytris profunde striatis, parum inequalibus, interstitiis

angustis; abdomine fortiter crebriusque punctato. Long.

22, lat. 13 mm.

Thorax strongly transverse, very truncate in front,

with the anterior angles excessively indistinct, the sides

much rounded, a little straightened before the base; the

hind angles very definite, distinctly obtuse; the surface

coarsely and closely punctured, the disc with four rather

definite impressions. lytra with the surface slightly

uneven, owing to some indefinite impressions, the most

marked of which are two near the suture some distance

behind the scutellum; they are very deeply striate, the

striez being coarsely punctate; the interstices are only

about as broad as the strie, and are not distinctly

punctured, although they bear fine short hairs. The

dorsal segments are coarsely and closely punctured.

The species is closely allied to B. inequalis, but differs

therefrom by the more closely punctured thorax, the

more deeply striate elytra, and more densely and coarsely

punctate dorsal segments.

Found on Mauna Kea, at an elevation of about 4000

feet.

Brachypeplus obsoletus, n. 8.

Parum latus, depressus, opacus, brevissime pubescens

vel setulosus, fusco-rufus ; prothorace dense subrugulose

punctato, disco parum distincte quadri-impresso, angulis

posterioribus rectis; elytris subequalibus, regulariter

seriatim et fortiter punctatis, interstitiis planis ; abdo-

mine opaco,. dense subobsolete punctato. Long. 43,

lat. 12 mm.

Thorax strongly transverse, the sides flat, but little

turned upwards, the front margin very slightly emargi-

nate, the front angles very obtuse but not rounded, the

516 Mr. DRharp on some new

sides curved and sinuate in front of the base, so that the

very definite hind angles are rectangular; the surface is

densely but indefinitely rugulose-punctate, and the disc

bears four rather indistinct impressions. The elytra are

depressed, their surface is but little uneven ; they bear

very recular and distinct striz, which are coarsely but

indistinctly punctured ; the interstices are very flat, and

bear fine short sete arranged in a serial manner. The

hind body is very dull, and is densely punctate, but the

puncturation is very indefinite.

The species is readily distinguished from those yet

known ; it comes nearest B. omalioides, but is very dis-

tinct by the dull surface, and the very dense, peculiarly

subobsolete, sculpture of the dorsal segments ; it is very

similar in form to an Omaliwm, such as the European

O. rivulare.

Three specimens of this species were found in the

stem of a dried fern, at an elevation of about 3000 feet,

on Mauna Kea, Hawaii.

Brachypeplus blackburni, un. s.

Fere angustus, parum depressus, nigro-zneus, nitidus,

levigatus, antennarum basi pedibusque sordide testaceis ;

prothorace subquadrato, elytris angustiore; his elon-

gatis subtiliter seriatim punctatis, interstitiis vix punc-

tatis. Long. 32, lat. 14 mm.

Antenne rather elongate, with large and abrupt club,

the 8th joint not being transverse. Head with broad

neck, and therefore little constricted behind the eyes; the

surface sparingly and rather finely punctured. Thorax

elongate, nearly as long as broad, truncate in front; the

sides but little curved, but distinctly smuate some distance

before the base, the hind angles rectangular ; the surface

sparingly punctate like the head. LElytra elongate, with

distinct series of fine, rather distant, punctures, and the

interstices between these very finely and sparingly punc-

tured. Legs elongate and slender, sordid yellow.

I have much pleasure in naming this remarkable

Nitidulid after Mr. Blackburn, who discovered it by

beating flowers on Mauna Loa, Hawaii, at an elevation

of over 4000 feet.

Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. 517

ANOBIIDA.

Of this family Mr. Blackburn has discovered about

thirteen new species, and these I have been obliged to

refer to three new genera, Cwlosternus, Xyletobius, and

Holcobius. Of these three genera, one—Calosternus—

belongs to the Dorcatomini, the most specialised of the

groups of the Anobiide ; and as Celosternus is the most

evoluted of all the forms of Dorcatomini hitherto de-

scribed, it marks as yet the extreme point of specialisa-

tion attained by the Anobiide. The other two genera,

Xyletobius and Holecobius, are widely different from

Ceelosternus, and are rather closely allied inter se; they

belong to the Xyletinini, a group not sharply divided

from the Anobiini, and which may be considered as the

central one of the Anobiini, for it wants the extreme

modifications of the antenne of Anobiini and of Dorca-

tomini, and the highly peculiar sternal developments of

the latter group, and is distinguished from them only by

these negative characters. The two Hawaiian genera of

Xyletinini will prove to be, as regards the Anobiint and

Xyletini, very synthetic, and they thus form a very

striking contrast to the extremely specialised Calosternus.

And I anticipate these two genera will prove to be the

real autochthones (adopting a term of the regretted

Wollaston’s) of the Hawaiian Anobiide, and that other

allied species will be discovered.

XYLETOBIUS, N. g.

Xyletobius marmoratus, N. 8.

Angustulus, dense subtilissime tomentosus, rufo-fuscus,

pubescentia cinereo-variegata, antennarum basi, femori-

busque testaceis ; elytris subtiliter striatis, strus plus

minusve sinuatis. Long. 34 mm.

Of rather narrow, moderately elongate, form; with

elongate slender antennz, which moreover are but feebly

serrate internally ; the 1st and 2nd joints of these mem-

bers are yellow, the 4th to 11th infuscate, from the 3rd to

the 10th each joint is a little longer and more slender

than its predecessor, the 11th is slender and distinctly

longer than the 10th. The head is fuscous, quite dull,

covered with obscure tomentum, and with no visible

sculpture. The thorax is strongly transverse, but little

518 Mr. D.Pharp on some new

elongate in the middle, the sides slightly curved; both

front and hind angles distinct, although a little rounded ;

it is of an obscure reddish colour; the surface dull and

without sculpture, but covered by dense tomentum, which

towards the sides is of an ashy colour. The elytra are

rather elongate, and bear a much variegated tomentum ;

they are very finely but distinctly striate ; the strie are

not straight, but are a little irregular; except for the

striz they have no sculpture.

Beaten from dead branches of the Koa tree, at an

elevation of 4000—5000 feet, on Haleakala, island of

Maui, April and May, 1880.

Xyletobius nigrinus, n. 8.

Niger, opacus, pube subflavescenti tenuiter vestitus,

antennis sat elongatis, articulis intermediis serratis ;

elytris leviter inzqualibus, subtiliter sed conspicue

striatis, striis leviter sinuatis. Long. 4 mm.

Antenne a good deal longer than head and thorax,

nearly black, even the 2nd joint is slightly angulate in-

ternally, and the following joints are more distinctly so,

but the 5th joint shows a slight peculiarity in this

respect, as its inner margin is somewhat obliquely trun-

cate; the 9th and 10th joints are each just distinctly a

little longer and more slender than its predecessor, and

are a good deal longer than broad; the 11th joint is

slender, distinctly longer than the 10th. Head very

sparingly pubescent, and rendered a little rough by fine

extremely flat tubercles or granules. Thorax a good deal

longer in the middle than at the sides, both front and

hind angles a good deal rounded, and the former much

deflexed ; the surface is conspicuously tomentose or finely

pubescent, and towards the sides some excessively fine

eranules may be distinguished. LHlytra rather deeply

striate, the striz not punctate ; at some distance behind

the base each has an oblique transverse depression, and,

in passing through this, the striz are a little sinuate ;

the tomentum is not dense, and seems to be more scanty

towards the apex. Other sculpture than the striz is

excessively indistinct. The legs, including the tarsi, are

black. The middle coxe are distinctly separated.

Found by beating dead branches of a tree whose

name is unknown, at an elevation of 4000—5000 feet,

on Haleakala, island of Maui.

Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. 519

Xyletobius oculatus, n. s.

Aneustulus, pube subtilissima cinerescente vestitus,

niger, antennis elongatis ; elytris leviter striatis, parum

inequalibus. Long. corp. 23, antenn. 24 mm.

The antenne are very elongate, being but little shorter

than the whole length of the body; from the 4th joint

onwards they are distinctly serrate internally, but each »

joint becomes longer and more slender than its prede-

cessor, so that the serration of the three or four terminal

joints is very obscure. The head is very obsoletely

granulate. The front angles of the thorax are greatly

deflexed ; its surface is dull and very finely tomentose,

with a very pale minute pubescence, and is almost with-

out sculpture. The elytra are rather finely striate, and

only indistinctly transversely impressed in front of the

middle, and the striz but little distorted ; they bear a

very fine ashy tomentum ; just beyond the middle of

each wing-case this tomentum becomes shghtly flavescent.

The legs, including the tarsi, are quite black. The middle

cox nearly contiguous.

Mr. Blackburn found this species on Mauna Loa,

Hawai, at an elevation of about 4000 feet, by beating

dead branches of trees.

I subjoin the characters, so far as I have been able to

ascertain them, of these three species, for which I have

made a new generic name.

Antenne 11-jointed, elongate and slender, only very

feebly serrate internally, the apical three joints not

strikingly different from the preceding ones. Head

small, only about half as broad as the prothorax, not

very large, but strongly prominent. Terminal joint of

the four palpi slightly dilated, the apex truncate, the

outer apical angle slightly prolonged, so as to be minutely

acute. Thorax transverse, its front angles but little

prolonged downwards, its sides strongly trenchant ; pro-

sternum but little modified for the inflection and pro-

tection of the head; the front coxee contiguous. Meso-

sternum ordinary, middle coxe but little separated. Tibize

but little elongate, slender, not carinate or angulate.

Tarsi getting stouter towards the apex, so that the apical

joint is decidedly broader than the basal one ; this latter

at least twice as long as the second joint.

520 Mr. DRharp on some new

This genus is allied to Xyletinus, although it is in

appearance more like the Anobiini ; its form is narrower,

its head smaller, and the capacity of contraction of the

front parts less; the antenne are elongate, and the tarsi

are formed more as in the true Anobiini. From Hol-

cobius it differs by the nearly simple terminal joint of

the palpi.

Houcostvs, n. g.

Holcobius granulatus, n. 8.

Sat elongatus, parum latus, subopacus, subnudus,

niger, antennis testaceis, pedibus piceis; prothorace

erebre granulato; elytris striatis, scabriusculis. Long.

6—64 mm.

Palpi and antenne yellow, the latter moderately long

and slender, feebly serrate internally ; each joint, from

the 6th to the 9th, a little longer and more slender than

its predecessor; 10th .scarcely longer than 8th, but

decidedly more slender ; 11th distinctly longer than the

10th. Head conspicuously granulate. Thorax trans-

verse, moderately longer in the middle than at the sides ;

the hind angles very broadly rounded, the base only

feebly sinuate on each side; the front angles greatly

deflexed, but when seen from the side not in the least

rounded, but slightly acute; the surface evenly and

densely covered with conspicuous granules, almost desti-

tute of pubescence. LElytra striate; the striz near the

apex not punctured, but towards the base, especially at

the sides, more or less distinctly punctate, the interstices

rendered rough by transverse marks. Middle coxe but

little separated.

Found in decayed trunks of the Koa tree, at an eleva-

tion of 4000—5000 feet, on Haleakala, island of Maui.

Holcobius glabricollis, n. s.

Sat elongatus, subcylindricus, supra glaber nitidus,

subtus tenuissime pubescens, niger, antennis rufo-tes-

taceis, pedibus rufescentibus, femoribus obscurioribus ;

prothorace fere levigato, pernitido; elytris seriatim, fere

grosse punctatis. Long. 6 mm.

Antenne yellow, rather longer than head and thorax,

not slender, slightly serrate internally, 8rd to 6th joints

differing little from one another in length; from the 7th

Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. 521

onwards each becomes a little longer than its prede-

cessor, but the 10th is not longer than the 9th, is indeed

even perceptibly shorter than it; 11th joint distinctly

longer than 9th. Head shining black, almost without

sculpture and pubescence. Thorax transverse, not much

prolonged in front, the anterior angles greatly deflexed,

not acute, even just a little rounded owing to a slight

curve of the front margin; the hind angles very broadly

rounded, the base very feebly sinuate on each side of the

middle, the surface very polished and shining, with a

very obsolete puncturation. Elytra very coarsely punc-

tate, the coarse punctures placed on indistinct strie, and

at the apex, especially towards the sides, the striza become

more distinct and the punctures more indistinct. Legs

obscure yellow, the femora darker.

This species is remarkable among the Anobiade by

reason of its polished, glabrous upper surface.

Two specimens of this distinct species were cut out of

a Koa tree, at an elevation of about 1000 feet, near

Honolulu.

Holcobius major, 0. 8.

Nigro-fuscus, subtilissime pubescens, parum nitidus,

antennis elongatis, fusco-rufis ; prothorace transversim

subquadrato, dense pubescens, versus angulos anteriores

tenuiter granulato ; elytris tenuiter pubescentibus, pro-

funde striatis, striis parum distincte punctatis. Long.

103 mm.

Of robust, parallel, elongate form. Antenne elongate

and slender, dusky red, feebly serrate internally; the

outline of the outer margin of joints 5—10 slightly

emarginate or concave ; 9th joint slightly longer than

the 8th; 10th more slender and a little shorter than 9th ;

11th slender, about as long as 9th. Head finely granu-

late, and with a scanty, very delicate pubescence or

tomentum. Thorax transversely subquadrate, but little

longer at the middle than at the sides, these presenting

a sharp edge till just before the front angles, when the

edge ceases, so that the front angles appear notched ; the

hind angles rounded, but not greatly ; the surface with

a not very dense, but very fine, tomentum, and towards

the front angles with fine, not very numerous, eranules.

Elytra deeply striate ; the strie indistinctly punctured

(TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART IV. (DEC. ) 3 Y

522 Mr. D. Mary on some new

or suberenate ; bearing a scanty, very fine, pubescence.

Legs very obscure red.

This species is highly remarkable from its large size

and the structure of the front angles of the thorax.

Two specimens of this insect were dug out of a Koa

trunk by Mr. Blackburn, on Haleakala, Maui, at an eleva-

tion of 4000 or 5000 feet, April, May, 1880.

The following are the characters that have induced me

to propose a new generic name for the preceding three

species ; they are drawn more specially from an exami-

nation of H. granulatus :—

Antenne 11-joited, elongate, but to a variable degree,

feebly serrate internally, the three terminal joints longer

than broad, scarcely angulate internally. Terminal joint

of each of the four palpi dilated, securiform, but with

the outer extremity emarginate. Head of moderate

size; eyes convex. Prothorax with even surface, its

edges trenchant, beneath but little hollowed for the in-

flexed head, front angles nearly rectangular. Front

coxe contiguous. Mesosternum ordinary. Legs elon-

gate, but tarsi stout, and only moderately long; tibie

elongate, subcylindric, simple, not in the least angulate.-

Ventral segments five, free, the basal one slightly lobed

or produced backwards in the middle.

This genus comes near to Metholcus, but the antenne

are elongate and less serrate, the head smaller, the pro-

thorax less modified for receiving and covering the head ;

and the tibiz are quite simple, not angulate externally.

MrrosTERNUS,* n. g.

Mirosternus punctatus, n. s.

Dense, subtiliter squaliterque punctatus, subtilius

pubescens, opacus, nigricans, antennis pedibusque piceis,

illis clava fere nigra, his tarsis dilutioribus, capite subtus

rufescente. Long. 24 mm.

Antenne with the basal joints piceous, the three

terminal ones nearly black, these very elongate, the first

of them broad, and much dilated inwardly, but its most

prominent angle obtuse; the second of them elongate,

and angulate internally, but still slender; the apical

* On p. 517, lines 3, 4, 6, 11 and 21, this name is printed

Calosternus in error.

Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. 523

joint also very elongate and rather slender, but distinctly

thickened from the base to the apex. Head sparingly

punctate, piceous, paler beneath ; eyes very convex and

prominent. Thorax piceous, very finely punctate, seen

from above apparently narrower in front; the anterior

angles acute, but very deflexed. Elytra densely, very

evenly and finely, punctured, densely and finely pube-

scent, dull. Breast shining, but little punctate. Ventral

segments densely punctate.

Found by beating dead branches of trees on the

Waianae mountains, Oahu, at an elevation of 2000 or

3000 feet, July, 1877. (No. 381).

Mirosternus obscurus, n. 8.

Dense, subtiliter wqualiterque punctatus, subtilius

pubescens, opacus, picescens, antennis pedibusque ob-

scurioribus. Long. 24 mm.

Antenne red, with the small intermediate joints yellow,

the club of moderate length, its first joint dilated in-

ternally, triangular, the following joint rather narrower,

the terminal joint still more slender, and of an elongate,

narrow, oval form. Head finely punctate. Thorax

closely and finely punctate, as are also the elytra.

Legs red.

‘his is similar in puncturation to C. punctatus, but

is paler in colour, and has the antenne very much

smaller.

The habitat is the same as that of C. punctatus.

(No. 382).

Mirosternus muticus, n. s.

Nigricans, capite antennis pedibusque piceo-rufis,

tenuiter pubescens, subnitidus, elytris ad apicem dense

punctatis. Long. 23 mm.

Antenne reddish, with the club darker, the joints of

the latter similar in form to those of C. punctatus, but

rather broader and shorter, and the terminal joint more

obliquely truncate at the extremity. Head impunctate,

except at the margins; thorax almost impunctate, but

very distinctly pubescent. Hlytra densely punctate at

the extremity, but the puncturation in front becomes

obsolete, and there is thus left at the shoulder a large

clabrous shining space. Legs reddish.

524 Mr. D&@harp on some new

The antenne in the two individuals before me have

the joints of the club similar in form, but in one of

them—no doubt the male—they are larger, being both

broader and longer, than in the other. Metasternum

without carina.

Mr. Blackburn discovered this species at an elevation

of between 2000 and 4500 feet, on Mauna Kea, and

Mauna Loa, Hawaii, by beating dry branches of trees.

(No. 266).

Mirosternus carinatus, n. 8.

Niger, parum nitidus, obsolete punctatus, tenuiter

pubescens, antennarum basi pedibusque rufo-obscuris,

tarsis dilutioribus ; metasternum in medio anterius alte

carinatum. Long. 25 mm.

This species is distinguished essentially by the acutely

carinate metasternum ; it much resembles C. punctatus,

but the puncturation of the elytra is much less ; this is

fine throughout, and is even scanty and obsolete, except

at the extreme base and at the apex, at both of which

spots it is denser than elsewhere. The joints of the

antennal club are very largely developed, and are similar

in shape to those of C. punctatus, except that they are

not quite so long in proportion to their breadth.

Beaten from dead branches of the Koa tree on Halea-

kala, Maui, at an elevation of 4000 or 5000 feet, April,

May, 1880. (No. 403).

Mirosternus glabripennis, n. 8.

Piceus, elytris nigricantibus, antennis pedibusque rufis,

tarsis dilutioribus ; capite thoraceque conspicue pube-

scentibus sed vix punctatis; elytris glabriusculis, per-

nitidis ; metasterno posterius in medio argute canali-

culato, antennis carina elongata, parum elevata. Long.

24 mm.

This species is readily distinguished by the shining

and polished elytra, forming a striking contrast to the

conspicuously pubescent thorax. The club of the an-

tenne is rather more than moderately developed.

Although the elytra are very polished, they have, along

the suture at the apex, a very fine and scanty pale

pubescence. The metasternum is not deeply hollowed

along the middle, but has behind a very distinct channel,

Coleoptera from the Hawatian Islands. 525

and in front of this a rather obscure elongate carina.

The two individuals before me are no doubt male and

female, as in one of them the antennal club is rather

more developed than in the other; this is no doubt the

male, and it has moreover the metasternum a little more

deeply hollowed than the other individual.

Found at an elevation of about 1000 feet on the

Waianae mountains, Oahu, by beating dead branches of

trees.

Mirosternus debilis, n. s.

Rufo-obscurus, antennarum basi pedibusque rufis,

illarum clava fusca; capite thoraceque pubescentibus,

obsoletissime punctatis; elytris subtilius punctatis et

pubescentibus, pone basin transversim subglabris ;

metasterno in medio anterius minus alte carinatum.

Long. 2 mm.

The club of the antenne is here of only moderate

size; the intermediate joints appear to be only five in

number, thus making in all only ten joints. The head

and thorax are finely but distinctly pubescent, the latter

moderately closely, very finely, but quite visibly punctate.

_Elytra very delicately pubescent, with a very fine but

rather dense puncturation on the apical portion ; in front

of this quite sparingly punctate, but with the punctura-

tion at the base again more distinct. Metasternum

broadly and deeply impressed along the middle, and

in front with a slightly elevated but quite distinct

carina.

The habitat is the same as that of the preceding

species and C. punctatus. (No. 334).

Mirosternus bicolor, n. 8.

Nigro-testaceus, antennarum basi rufo, pedibus ely-

trisque testaceis, his circa scutellum infuscatis apice late

nigro, glabris, nitidis; capite thoraceque tenuiter pube-

scentibus; metasternum in medio anterius alte cari-

natum. Long. 2 mm.

Antenne pale red, with the club infuscate; the first

joint of the latter large, but not angulate internally, its

inner margin, though shorter than the outer, being trun-

cate. Head and thorax of an obscure red, or pitchy

colour, very finely pubescent, but with no visible

526 Mr. DMBharp on some new

puncturation. Elytra shining, and without pubescence,

yellow, infuscate at the base, and broadly black at the

apex. Legs yellow, slender.

In this species the small intermediate joints of the

antenne are very difficult to count, and I have not dis-

tinguished more than four, in which case there would

only be nine joints in all.

The individual described was found on the Waianae

mountains, Oahu, by beating dead branches of trees, at

an elevation of 2000—3000 feet, in July, 1877, in com-

pany with C. punctatus and other species. (No. 333).

I have investigated the characters of the seven species

just described only in a very imperfect manner: the

structure of these insects renders them very difficult to

expand, and when expanded they are very fragile, and

their pubescence rubs off with great facility ; hence the

single individual (or in some cases two) of each species

has necessarily been subjected to but little manipulation.

I have not been able to dissect any specimen, and the

peculiar structure cannot be ascertained with precision

in the absence of such process; but, so far as I can see

the characters, they are these :—

Antenne 11-jointed ; basal joint very large, and shaped

and curved in such a way as to adapt it exactly to the

small hollow under the eye when the antenne are with-

drawn under the head; joints 3—8 small, and subconnate

inter se; the articulation between the 3rd and 4th joints

particularly indistinct; joints 8—11 forming a very elon-

gate and loosely articulated club ; the 9th and 10th more

or less dilated and angulate internally. Head much

narrower than the prothorax, with very convex circular

eyes, which are not at all divided. Prosternum very

small, and greatly hollowed for the accommodation of

the inflexed head ; the front coxe separated by a moderate

distance. Mesosternum entirely concealed, perpendicular

in direction, or rather deeply hollowed by being thrust

back over the metasternum, so that a large hollow is

formed for the reception of the apical joints of the

antenne ; middle coxe very widely separated. Meta-

sternum protuberant in the middle in front, marked on

each side by a very deep transverse furrow, which is

curved forwards in the middle, and serves to receive the

middle leg; the hind part more or less deeply impressed

Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. 527

longitudinally. Basal ventral segment forming an ele-

vated longitudinal process in the middle between the

hind coxe. Front tibie sharply carinate externally.

The capability of packing up the limbs and head

reaches its extreme in this genus, and they look, and no

doubt roll about, like little black or dark seeds when their

members are thus packed up.

AGLYCYDERIDA.

ProrERHINvs, Sharp.

With regard to this genus I have to make a correction

of some importance. When I described it (Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1878, p. 20), Iwas of opinion that the individuals

in which the head was produced into a distinct beak were

of the male sex, and so described them without any

hesitation. Mr. Blackburn had, however, a conviction

that the rostrate sex was the female, and Dr. Leconte’s

opinion that the genus should without doubt be referred

to the Rhyncophorous series tended to confirm Mr.

Blackburn’s idea, it being the rule in that series that the

head of the female is more decidedly rostrate than it is

in the other sex. Accordingly, when making the second

set of descriptions of species of the genus (Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1879, p. 95, et seq.), I refrained from committing

myself to any opinion on the subject by speaking of the

rostrate and unrostrate sex, without saying anything of

the male or female. Since then Mr. Blackburn has

transmitted to me additional specimens of P. vestitus,

and, by dissecting an unrostrate individual, I have

obtained satisfactory evidence of its being the male. In

the present paper | therefore speak of the rostrate sex

as the female, and I ask that it shall be noted that in my

first paper, loc. sup. cit., I reversed the sexes. Iam now

able to describe six additional species of this interesting

genus, and anticipate that others still unknown exist in

the archipelago.

Proterhinus hystrix, n. s.

Angustulus, elongatus, rufo-ferrugineus, haud squa-

mosus, setulis erectis vestitus ; prothorace subquadrato,

antrorsum constricto, lateribus setulis elongatis con-

spicuis armatis, fortiter denseque punctato ; elytris elon-

gatis, humeris liberis, parum elongatis, fortiter punc-

tatis, setis elongatis, erectis munitis. Long. 3 mm.

528 Mr. DFharp on some new

Antenne rather slender; 2nd joint elongate, fully as

long as and rather thicker than the 8rd; 9th joint a

good deal stouter and longer than the 8th. Thorax

appearing nearly straight at the sides, but constricted

before and behind, very coarsely punctate, the punctures

causing the sides to appear serrate ; the sides and front

armed with elongate sete, the surface with some shorter

scanty curved depressed sete. Elytra coarsely punctate,

and bearing numerous elongate sete, and besides these

with some depressed short setze which replace, to a certain

extent, the squamosity of other species.

I have a pair of this species before me; the female

differs from the male, not only by the rostrate head, but

also by having the surface dull and the sculpture more

indefinite. It is allied to P. blackburni, but is very much

larger and more elongate.

Mr. Blackburn informs me this species is ‘‘ not very

rare” on the mountains of Hawaii.

Proterhinus dispar, uu. 8.

Rufo-niger, parcius squamosus, elytris setulis albidis,

brevibus, erectis parce minutis; prothorace impresso,

impressione anteriore magno; elytris parce fortiter

punctatis, humeris fere rectangularibus, basi rufo. Long.

mas 4, fem. 3 mm.

Antenne largely developed, nearly black; the 9th

joint a good deal broader and longer than its predecessor.

Kyes very prominent. Thorax a good deal rounded at

the sides, and with a distinct, abruptly constricted

anterior portion ; just behind the middle, on each side,

there is a rather large impression, and a very large one

in front, in the middle ; the surface is coarsely punctate,

and apparently but little squamose. The elytra also are

but little squamose, and their erect sete are not numerous,

and are rather short; the shoulders are just a little

prominent, and so are only slightly acute ; the colour is

black or pitchy red, with a large patch of dark red at

the shoulder of each; they are quite dull, and .bear

coarse deep punctures. The front cox are very widely

separated.

The male is twice the size of the female, and has the

front of the head produced into a short, broad, punctate,

not shining, rostrum, and its antenne are more elongate,

Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. 529

and its legs are very thick, the femora being much

incrassate. The female has the front of the head pro-

duced into a moderately long polished rostrum. I have

before me only a single pair, of which the female is not

in good condition, and I do not know whether the great

sexual disparity is a constant character of the species.

It is somewhat allied to P. vestitus.

_ Mr. Blackburn discovered this species by beating trees

in a forest behind the Palolo Valley, Oahu.

Proterhinus gracilis, n.s.

Angustulus, gracilis, nigricans, pedibus rufo-nigris,

antennarum basi tarsorumque lobis rufis; prothorace

tri-impresso; elytris obscure rufo-variegatis, parum

squamoso-maculatis, setulis brevibus erectis sparsim ad-

spersis, humeris antrorsum acutis. Long. 24 mm.

?. Antenne about as long as from the tip of rostrum

to base of thorax, black, with the basal joint red, and

the 2nd joint more obscurely red ; this is also rather elon-

gate, being but little shorter than the 3rd; the three

apical joints not greatly different from the others. Eyes

but little convex. Thorax slender, rather longer than

broad, black, coarsely but indistinctly sculptured,

sprinkled with distant, depressed white sete; with three

rather indistinct impressions, a large one in the middle in

front, and one on each side about the middle ; the anterior

part is not abruptly narrowed, so that there is little

appearance of constriction. Hlytra narrow, especially

at the shoulders, which are acute and prominent, very

coarsely, but (in this unique individual) indistinctly

punctate, of a dark fuscous or blackish colour, dull, with

some indistinct red marks, and small patches of white

squamosity, bearing also a few rather short white sete.

Femora nearly black ; tibie obscure red; the lobes of

the tarsi distinctly paler.

This insect is narrower in form than most of the other

species ; it is perhaps most similar to P. debilis, but is

abundantly distinct therefrom by the shape of the 2nd

joint of the antenne, by the more slender thorax, with

more distinct impressions, and by the acute humeral

angles of the wing-cases.

Found on Mauna Loa, Hawaii; elevation about 4000

feet.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT Iv. (DEC.) 3 Z

530 Mr. DPhaxp on some new

Proterhinus angularis, n. 8.

Angustulus, nigricans, rostro, antennis pedibusque plus

minusve rufescentibus, parum squamoso-variegatus ;

elytris macula pallida squamosa ad humeros, setulis

elongatis erectis crebre adspersis, fortiter punctatis,

humeris liberis, antrorsum sat prominulis. Long.

23—3 mm.

@. Antenne not very long; the 9th joint not greatly

different from the 8th. Eyes moderately large. Thorax

elongate; the anterior part not abruptly constricted ;

behind the front with a deep distinct impression ; the

surface coarsely punctate, with only a very scanty

clothing of sete. Elytra rather elongate and narrow,

a good deal emarginate at the base, so that the humeral

angles are distinctly prominent, but not elongate; they

are dull, coarsely punctate, and have a very conspicuous

patch of pale scales at the humeral angles, besides

some more or less distinct squamous patches near the

extremity, and with rather numerous, elongate, erect

sete. Legs apparently varying from red to black, with

the tarsi red.

I have seen only the female. The species appears

allied to two very distinct ones, viz., P. nigricans and

P. longulus; it differs from the former by the more

slender elongate form, and more angulate shoulders to

the elytra, and by the elongate sete. In form it

approaches to P. longulus, but the eyes are larger, the

thoracic impression conspicuous, and the sete of the

elytra elongate. The conspicuous humeral patch of

squamosity will, I think, assist much in the identification

of the species.

Beaten from trees on a mountain near Honolulu.

Proterhinus punctipennis, n. s.

Sat angustus, rufescens, pectore abdomineque nigri-

cantibus, antennis apicem versus obscurioribus ; pro-

thorace lateribus rotundatis anterius parum constrictis,

ante medium parum discrete foveato, obsolete punctato ;

elytris vix maculatim squamosis, punctis magnis et pro-

fundis, et setulis brevibus erectis adspersis. Long.

22 mm.

Coleoptera from the Hawatan Islands. 531

Antenne stout, not elongate ; 2nd joint thick, stouter

than the 8rd, and but little shorter than it; 9th dis-

tinctly longer and thicker than 8th. Thorax evenly

rounded at the sides, and so without constricted anterior

portion ; behind the front margin, in the middle, with a

large but indefinite impression ; the surface dull, without

distinct puncturation, but with a good deal of squamosity,

which is not arranged so as to form any pattern. Hlytra

rather elongate and narrow; the shoulders but little dis-

engaged from the thorax, and not prominent ; the surface

red, with a dark patch on each side, with deep, extremely

large, punctures, with a fine irregular squamosity, and

forming definite marks, and with short erect pale sete.

Legs thick, pale red.

In the male the front of the head is rather elongate,

and the antenne are rather stouter than in the female,

the 1st and 2nd joints especially being thicker.

The species is remarkable for the coarse puncturation

of the elytra. It is allied to P. oscillans, but is much

larger and more elongate, and has the antenne thicker,

and I should think it is most probably distinct.

This was taken on the island of Maui, I believe.

Proterhinus validus, n.s.

Major, suboblongus, piceus, supra cum _ pedibus

ochraceo-tomentosus, setulis erectis munitus; oculis

perprominulis ; prothorace conspicue trifoveolato, elytris

inequalibus, fortiter punctatis, humeris antrorsum promi-

nulis. Long. 4$—53 mm.

Antenne short, much clothed with hairs and sete ;

2nd joint greatly shorter than 3rd ; 8th distinctly shorter

than 7th; the three terminal joints each thicker but

not much longer than the 8th. Head closely and

roughly tomentose. Thorax large, much narrowed in

front; the narrow front part elongate, but not abruptly

separated from the posterior portion; on each side, just

behind the middle, with a very large and distinct fovea,

and the middle, behind the front margin, very broadly

but less definitely impressed; the surface clothed with

curved sete, some of which, more especially those about

the front and sides, are elongate and suberect, while

others become so short and depressed as not to differ

from tomentum. Elytra large; the shoulders prominent

in front; at the base on each side, some distance from

532 Mr. D.Phary on some new

the scutellum, there is an elevation, and more externally

behind this a broad, not very definite, longitudinal eleva-

tion, the front of which extends towards the shoulder

without reaching it; their surface is coarsely punctate,

and has much squamosity, which is especially dense on

the most elevated portions, and behind the termination

of the longitudinal elevation, the sutural portion (or

rather the space external to the suture) is the most bare,

but it possesses some rather indefinite patches of clothing ;

the surface towards the sides and apex is hispid, with

erect sete. The legs are stout, much clothed; the lobes

of the tarsi extremely large.

In the male the front of the head is a good deal

swollen on each side over the insertion of the antenne,

and this dilatation causes the anterior part to appear

more rostrate than in the corresponding sex of other

species.

This remarkable insect is very distinct from P. Lecontet,

the only other large species of the genus yet found.

Mr. Blackburn discovered it on Haleakala, Maui, in the

bark of the Koa tree, but did not observe it at a less

elevation than 4000 feet.

CERAMBYCIDA.

Cryraruus, Sharp.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1878, p. 208.

Clytarlus pennatus, n. s.

Testaceus, capite, abdominis basi tibiarumque quatuor

posticarum apicibus fuscis, crebre pallido-cinereo squa-

moso; elytris in medio infuscatis ibidemque densius

squamosis, post hoc macula denudata; prothorace

anterius carinula arcuata valde elevata et pone medium

aliis Vix minus conspicuis; femoribus quatuor pos-

terloribus cinereo-squamosis, duobus posterioribus ante

apicem annulo lata denudata. Long. 10 mm.

Head reddish in front, shading into black on the ver-

tex, bearing very numerous pallid elongate scales or

sete. Prothorax reddish, shading into black on the pro-

sternum and round the coxe, and at the front and hind

margins, and bearing numerous pallid scales, which are

less dense on the lateral portions ; the middle is longi-

tudinally elevated, but the elevation does not extend to

Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands.. 583

the base, but is distinctly marked with transverse

carine ; the anterior of these forms an abrupt elevation ;

behind it the three or four next carine are very obsolete

and indistinct, and behind the latter three others strongly

elevated but very irregular; on each side of the middle

longitudinal elevation there is an obscure depression,

limited by a slightly curved elevation. Elytra yellowish,

darker across the middle, and very narrowly black along

the suture, clothed with numerous pallid scales, which

do not extend, however, to the sides, and are more dense

on the dark middle portion than elsewhere, and behind

this with an extension inwards of the marginal denuda-

tion, nearly but not quite reaching the suture ; their sur-

face, where not covered with scales, is shining, and at the

lateral margin is almost destitute of puncturation. The

legs are not so elongate as they are in the larger species of

the genus; the basal portion of the four hinder femora

is slender, and is pale yellow and bare of scales, but the

outer portions of these femora are a good deal incrassate,

and are darker in colour and dull, and bear numerous

pallid sete or scales, the posterior one showing a con-

spicuous broad denudated patch just before the apex ;

the very slender yellow hind tibiz become infuscate at

the apex; and the basal joint of the hind tarsus is very

elongate ; it is also slightly curved, and of a paler tint

than the apical joints. The breast is red, sparingly

pubescent ; the basal ventral segments dark in colour,

quite smooth and shining.

The individual described is probably a male; its hind

body is very much curved, but if straightened out would

reach nearly (but not quite) to the apex of the elytra ;

the antenne extend to about three-fourths of the lengths

of the wing-cases.

A single individual has been communicated by Mr.

Blackburn as No. 415; he discovered :t with others on

Haleakala, Maui, at an elevation of 4000 or 5000 feet, in

April and May, 1880; the specimens were found on the

trunk of a tree, species unknown, but which produces

likewise Proterhinus Lecontet.

Mr. Blackburn informs me that the female differs only

by possessing a rather larger hind body, and slightly less

elongate antenne.

The species is allied to C. cristatus, but abundantly

distinct.

534 Mr. D. Sharp o@ftome new Coleoptera, cc.

Clytarlus fragilis, n. s.

Parvus, depressus, opacus, fuscus, cinereo-squamosus,

antennarum, tibiarum femorumque basibus testaceis ;

elytris dense punctatis, fasciis tribus irregularibus squa-

mosis, utrinque ad scutellum bullatis, basi summo palli-

diore. Long. 4—5 mm.

Head shorter than in the other species, quite dull, but

bearing numerous pale clay-coloured sete (or very fine

scales), which render its sculpture obscure. Thorax with

a rather strongly elevated carina in front, and with two

or three obscure transverse carine behind the middle ;

its surface is dull and densely punctate, but the sculpture

is rendered obscure by the scales, or depressed sete, with

which it is clothed; these form a broad pale band on

each side, and a less distinct one on each side near to

the middle. The elytra are coarsely and densely punc-

tate, dull, the external base paler than elsewhere; on

each side of the suture at the base is a strongly marked

elevation, and the surface bears pale scales, arranged so

as to form three or four more or less indistinct, irregular

transverse bands. ‘The four posterior femora have an

elongate slender pale portion, but their apex is abruptly

clavate, the dilated portion being darker in colour ; their

tibiz are extremely slender, infuscate towards the apex.

The under surface is rather closely clothed, especially at

the sides, with pale scales. The hind body (or abdomen)

is rather broad, not curved, and reaches in the male

nearly, in the female quite, to the extremity of the wing-

cases. The antenne are a good deal incrassate at the

apex, and from the 8rd joint to the 10th each is distinctly

shorter than its predecessor.

This species is the most extreme form in one direction

yet discovered, and should be placed near C. modestus.

It is remarkable for the elongation of the slender portion

of the femora, and corresponding brevity of their dilated

extremity.

Found in the Palolo Valley, Oahu, by beating dead

branches of trees.

C585.)

XXXIV. On some South American Coleoptera of the

Family Butelide. By Cas. O. WATERHOUSE.

[Read October 5th, 1881.]

Tux present paper has resulted from examination of

some Rutelide collected by Mr. Buckley in Ecuador.

Mr. Buckley brought several new species, and, while

describing them, I have added a few which were already

in the British Museum.

Anricutra, E’schsch.

A. All the following species have a very large

scutellum ; the mandibles with a well-marked notch on

the outer edge; a long sternal process ; and the larger

claw to all the tarsi bifid. Species 1—12.

1. Antichira modesta, n. 8.

Ovata, olivacea-viridis, nitida, fere levis ; thoracis

lateribus subtiliter punctulatis, elytrorum humeris pos-

tice impressis, pygidio striolato. Long. 9 lin.

Very close to A. prasina, Burm., but differs in being a

little ‘shorter, of a rather darker green with dark

reflections. The punctuation on the forehead, disk of

the thorax, and scutellum is only visible with a rather

strong magnifying-glass ; the punctuation of the elytra

ig still finer, and can only be traced with difficulty. At

the sides of the thorax the punctures are moderately

distinct. ‘The elytra have at the side below the shoulder

a shallow oblique impression. The pygidium is strongly

vermiculose-strigose, as in A. prasina.

Hab. Ecuador, Cuenca (Fraser).

9. Antichira sobrina, 0. 8.

Oblonga, subdepressa, nitida, olivacea, enescens ;

thoracis lateribus crebre punctulatis, pygidio crebre stri-

goso, tarsis nigris, eracilibus. Long. 9 lin.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT IV. (DEC.)

536 Mr. Waterhoumon some South American

Allied to A. chrysis, but of quite a different colour.

Dark olive-green, tinted with wneous; the colour is so

dark that the insect appears black where the light does

not shine on it. ‘The punctuation on the forehead, disk

of thorax, scutellum, and elytra is moderately close and

distinct, but the punctures are as if made with a blunt

point. The pygidium is closely and rather finely vermi-

culose-strigose, the sculpture below the segment much

coarser ; the penultimate segment of the abdomen below

is smooth, the other segments have a line of punctures.

The mesosternal process is long and thick, rather

enlarged at the apex, and much curved over the anterior

coxe. The sides of the thorax are closely and finely

punctured, but not quite so densely as in A. chrysis.

The legs are less robust, and the tarsi much more

slender ; the larger claw of the anterior tarsi is about

two-thirds the length of the claw-joimt. Male.

Hay * Peri

In the British Museum collection there is a species

from Bolivia which I have no doubt is A. concoloripes,

Blanch. A. sobrina is nearer to this than to A. chrysis,

on account of the more slender tarsi, but it is of a totally

different colour ; and the sternal process in the Bolivian

insect is more slender and acuminate.

3. Antichira leta, n.s.

Oblonga, convexa, nitidissima, w#neo-virescens, cupreo

fulgida; pygidio subtiliter punctulato, apice strigoso.

di) uong,.d4 Jin.

Very close to A. lucida, Oliv., and similarly coloured.

It is narrower; the clypeus is very thickly and much

more distinctly punctured; the punctuation of the

thorax and elytra is also more distinct, especially at the

apex of the elytra. The pygidium is more conical, very

finely, and not very closely, punctured; the apical

margin distinctly strigose. The metasternum is smooth,

with a few fine punctures at the side. The 2nd to 5th

abdominal segments have well-marked oblique ridges, as

in A. lucida.

Hab. Bahia.

Coleoptera of the Family Rutelide. 537

4. Antichira Oliviert.

Cetonia splendida, Oliv., Ent. 1., 6, p. 75, pl. 4, f. 21.

C.. splendida, Fabr., var., Syst. El. ii., p. 141.

The true Cetonia splendida, Fab. (Syst. Ent., p. 47) is

of a shining brownish purple with blue reflections, with

the sides of thorax and the entire elytra dark yellow.

The ‘‘ Cetonia splendida, Fab.,” of Olivier is a more

ovate species, bright green, with the sides of the thorax

and elytra yellow. Fabricius, in his later work, calls it

a variety of his species, but as it is quite distinct I pro-

pose to call it Olivieri.

Burmeister’s description of splendida is taken from

the British Museum specimens; he does not seem to

have known Olivier’s insect, of which there are now

two examples agreeing perfectly with the figure and

description.

5. Antichira pantochloris, Blanch.

M. Blanchard (Cat. Mus. Paris, p. 205), compares this

to A. splendida, and states that it is broader, and has

the thorax broader and entirely green. I think that

there can be little doubt that M. Blanchard is speaking

of A. splendida, Olivier, and not the Fabrician species,

as there is in the British Museum collection a species

which differs from A. splendida, Ol., in the way he

mentions. If I have rightly identified his species, the

character ‘‘ pygidio fortiter striato ”’ will probably only

apply to the female; two male examples, presumably of

the same species, have the pygidium punctured, and only

strigose on the margins.

6. Antichira levicollis, n.s.

Breviter oblonga, convexa, polita, eneo-cuprea, subtus

cuprea; elytris brunneo-flavis, pygidio longe piloso.

Long. 93 lin.

Very near A. clavata, Fab. in general form and colour,

but it is shorter and more convex, and almost entirely

without any sculpture whatever on the upper surface ;

only on the sides of the thorax some delicate punctures

may be seen. The pygidium is vermiculose-strigose,

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—Pant Iv. (DEC.) 4a

538 Mr. Waterhougn some South American

beset with long pale hairs, as also the femora and under

side of the insect. Male.

Hab. Minas Geraes, Brazil.

7. Antichira tetradactyla, Linn.

** Ater, lucens, levis.” ‘‘ Jamaica.” Linn., Mant.

Plant., p. 580.

Scarabeus tetradactylus, Linn., Mant. Plant., p. 580.

S. tetradactylus, Linn., of the Linnean Collection.

*“S. major, splendens,” Sloane, Hist. Jamaica, i.,

p- 205, pl. 237, f. 2.

Cetonia tetradactyla, Faby., Syst. El. u., p. 151.

C. tetradactyta, Fabr., of the Banksian Collection.

Macraspis melanaria, Blanch, Cat. Mus. Paris, 1850,

p. 206.

** M. tristis, Casteln.,” Burm., Handb. iv., 1, p. 355.

Burmeister says that he thinks Sloane’s insect should

be referred to M. tristis, but he does not seem to have

noticed that Linné himself refers to Sloane’s species in

his description of S. tetradactyla.

There can be no doubt that S. tetradactytus, L., is M.

tristis, Burm., but it is possible that M. tristis, Casteln.

(Hist. Nat. ii., p. 117) may be distinct ; there is in the

British Museum a specimen named WM. tristis, Casteln.,

from Guadeloupe, which differs somewhat from the

Jamaica specimens of M. tetradactyla, Linn., in having

impressed lines on the elytra, and Castelnau’s deseription

“elytres avec quelques stries longitudinales, lisses ”’

agrees with this.

8. Antichira aterrima, Dejean, MS.

Under this name there is, in the Museum collection,

an example which appears to be distinct from A. tetra-

dactyla, L. It differs in being more elongate and more

ovate, and especially in having the thorax regularly

narrowed from the base to the front; not in the least

angular at the sides.

Hab. Mexico.

Coleoptera of the Family Rutelide. 539

9. Antichira dichroa, Mann.

Macraspis dichroa, Mann., Nouv. Mém. Mosc. i., p. 50,

pl. 2, f. 4.

M. tetradactyla, Burm. (nec Linn.), Hand. jaiwss dy

p. 354.

Hab. Brazil, Kea, &e.

This common species having always been regarded

as M. tetradactyla, L., appears to have no name now

available for it but that given to the reddish variety of

Mannerheim ; and, not being able to refer to the original

description, 1 am obliged to accept this name on the

authority of a specimen named by the late Mr. Adam

White, and the fact that Burmeister gives M. dichroa as

a variety of his M. tetradactyla.

10. Antichira cribrata, n.s.

Atra, creberrime evidenter punctata ; thoracis lateri-

bus confertim subtilius punctulatis, vel alutaceis. Long.

11 lin.

Very close to A. dichroa, Mann., but rather larger,

and more parallel; but it is especially distinct by the

sculpture being throughout stronger, and the punctures

are more clearly defined and separated. The sternal

process is, moreover, much more enlarged at the apex

(viewed laterally), and the lower part is more forward

than the part next the anterior coxe ; in A. dichroa it is

truncate, more at a right angle.

Hab. Monte Video; Chili?

11. Antichira gagatina, n. 8.

Nigra, nitida ; thoracis lateribus dense alutaceis,

disco, scutello, elytrisque subtilius punctulatis. Long.

104 lin.

Rather narrower and more parallel than 4. dichroa.

The sculpture of the thorax is similar, but the punctua-

tion of the elytra is much less close, the punctures being

very fine, well-defined, and separated. The sternal

process is very slender before the much-enlarged apex.

The elytra have a very slight eneous tinge in some lights,

and the thorax is slightly pitchy.

Hab. Brazil; Rio Grande ?

540 Mr. WateshoMeeon some South American

12. Antichira Desmarestii, n. s.

Oblonga, parallela, niger, nitidissima; thoracis an-

gulis anticis sat crebre subtiliter punctulatis, angulis

posticis flavis, pygidio subtiliter striolato. Long. 83 lin.

Very close to A. variabilis, Burm. Burmeister places

this species in a different section from his A. trifida;

but as both species vary very much in colour, it is

extremely difficult to distinguish them, except by the

sternal process, which in A. trifida is rather thick, and

not very much enlarged at the apex, whilst A. variabilis

has this process slender, more curved, and clavate at the

apex. The form which I now propose to call A. Des-

marestii is nearest to A. trifida, but has the sternal

process more slender and more acuminate at the apex.

One male example has the pygidium margined at the

apex with dull yellow; the female has a yellow spot on

each side ; a female example from New Grenada has the

pygidium black.

Hab. Ecuador (Buckley) ; New Grenada.

B. Scutellum never more than one-third the length

of the elytra, often shorter; the other characters as in

Section A. Species 13—17.

13. Antichira polita, n. s.

Oblonga, convexa, nitidissima, viridi-gnea, cuprascens ;

elytris striis levissime impressis atque subtilissime

punctulatis, scutello parvo. Long. 11 lin.

Closely resembles A. lucens in general form and

appearance, and might be mistaken for it, except for the

small scutellum, which only measures four millimetres

in length. Front of the head and the clypeus closely

and rather strongly punctured. Thorax rather strongly

rounded at the sides posteriorly, extremely delicately

punctured, the punctures a little more close at the sides

than on the disk; the base moderately sinuate on each

side of the basal lobe, which is quite straight next the

scutellum. Elytra to nearly the middle parallel, but

then somewhat arcuately enlarged; smooth (or with

only a few extremely delicate punctures) except at the

apex, which is strongly punctured. The pygidium is

Coleoptera of the Family Rutelide. 541

closely vermiculate-striate. Sternal process very elon-

gate-triangular, rather inflated at the apex. The

sides of the metasternum strongly vermiculate-striate.

Female.

Hab. New Grenada.

14. Antichira generosa, N.S.

Oblonga, convexa, nitida, picea; capite scutelloque

cupreis, thorace (basi flexuoso) elytrisque flavis, his

striato-punctatis, interstitiis crebre punctulatis, apice

rugoso-punctato. Long. 8 lin.

Head very thickly and rather strongly punctured,

especially in front, the forehead impressed ; clypeus very

short, finely rugulose. Thorax yellow, with green tints,

4mm. long in the middle, broadest at the base, not

narrowed till near the middle, thence to the front very

obliquely narrowed; finely, very distinctly but irregularly,

punctured on the disk, the sides for a considerable space

densely punctured; the base flexuous, strongly sinuate

on each side of the middle lobe, which is broad and

truncate. Scutellum thickly and finely punctured,

moderately acute at the apex, 3 mm. long, 3} mm. broad

at the base. Elytra parallel at the sides, obtusely

rounded at the apex, very convex; with lines of rather

strong punctures, the interstices thickly and moderately

strongly punctured ; apical callus very slightly promi-

nent, the apex beyond this closely and strongly punc-

tured ; the margin below the shoulders quite simple and

not incrassate. Pygidium very densely, transversely

rugulose, pilose. Sternal process not very strong, some-

what acuminate.

Hab. Cayenne.

15. Antichira substriata, n. 8.

Testacea, nescens, supra virescens, oblonga, de-

pressa; elytris crebre evidenter punctatis, striatis. Long.

92 lin.

Head moderately thickly and finely punctured. Thorax

broad and transverse, moderately convex, shining pale

green, with yellowish reflections, especially at the sides,

finely punctured on the disk, rather strongly and mode-

rately closely at the sides; the anterior angles scarcely

542 Mr. WaterhouMMon some South American

prominent, the sides rather strongly rounded, not angu-

lar in the middle ; the posterior angles obtuse; the base

with the notch on each side of the basal lobe strongly

margined, the basal lobe itself arcuately emarginate

next the scutellum. Scutellum triangular, green, nar-

rowly tipped with coppery, very delicately punctured, not

very acute at the apex, 5 millimetres long. Elytra at

the base scarcely as broad as the thorax, rather wider

behind, depressed, obscure yellowish, with green reflec-

tions, rather strongly and closely punctured, the punc-

tures having a tendency to become confluent transversely ;

each elytron has four pairs of impressed lines, the third

pair rather obscure. The pygidium is very strongly,

not very closely, vermiculate-striate, with a round fovea

on each side of the base. The sides of the metasternum

are very closely (andrather vermiculate) strigose, the sides

of the abdomen very finely so. The sternal process is

long, gently curved, not very thick, narrow, and not

inflated at the apex, the apex itself almost pointed.

Female. ;

Hab. Para.

This species is allied to A. teniata, Perty, having the

base of the thorax similarly constructed, the deep notch

on each side of the basal lobe having an acute point

next the basal angles of the scutellum. Itis much more

oblong in form, and quite differently coloured.

16. Antichira fulgida, n. s.

Oblongo-ovata, leviter convexa, nitida, viridi-snea,

cupreo et aureo-splendens; elytris striatis, et crebre

punctatis. Long. 15 lin.

General build of A. chloroptana, Burm., but with the

thorax less narrowed anteriorly. Head and clypeus

moderately thickly and distinctly punctured. Thorax

very delicately and not very closely punctured, the punc-

tures more distinct at the sides; the base has a rather

sudden small sinuosity on each side of the basal lobe

(the margin at this sinuosity slightly depressed), the

basal lobe gently emarginate. Scutellum broad at the

base, distinctly inclined to cordiform, not very acute at

the apex, 7 millimetres long, extremely delicately

punctured. Elytra very distinctly and rather closely

umbilicate-punctate, the punctures confluent at the

Coleoptera of the Family Rutelide. 543

apex; each elytron has about seven impressed lines,

those towards the sides somewhat obscure. Pygidium

vermiculate, rugose at the apex. Sternal process very

long, thick, slightly arched, not inflated at the apex.

Sides of the metasternum closely vermiculate-striate,

the abdomen much more finely so. Female.

Hab. Peru?

All the surface of this insect, besides the punctuation

described, is very densely and excessively finely punc-

tured.

17. Antichira sulcipennis, n. 8.

Nigra, nitida, levis; thoracis lateribus angulatis,

flavis, scutello parvo, flavo, elytris rufo-flavis, fortiter

sulcatis, pygidio fortiter vermiculoso. Long. 11 lin.

A rather short, broad species, not very convex.

Clypeus rather narrowed anteriorly, with the front part

closely and strongly punctured. Thorax with punctua-

tion, which is only seen with a high magnifying-glass,

very strongly angular at the sides rather before the

middle, slightly sinuate behind the angulation ; the sides

yellow, with a large shallow impression, in the middle of

which is a pitchy spot; the base only slightly sinuous,

straight next the scutellum. Scutellum 25 millimetres

long, arcuately narrowed posteriorly. Elytra yellowish

red, at the base a little broader than the base of the

thorax, a little wider behind the middle; the margins

with the basal half impressed above, and very much

thickened ; each elytron has ten strongly-impressed

grooves, none of which (except the sutural one) reach

the apex; the 7th, 8th, and 9th are short, terminating

below the shoulder ; the 10th is marginal, and does not

extend much beyond the middle ; the interstices are very

convex, the alternate ones a little broader than the others.

Sternal process long and thick, straight, but curved

below, truncate at the apex.

Hab. Ecuador, Chiguinda (Buckley).

C. The two following species have the characters of

Section B, but are remarkable for their small size,

highly polished surface, rugose pygidium, which, with

almost the whole under side of the insect, is clothed

with pale fulvous pile. Species 18—19.

544 Mr. Waterhous$n some South American

18. Antichira pilosula, n. s.

Subrotundata, convexa, nitida, picea ; thoracis margi-

nibus lateralibus, corpore subtus pedibusque obscure

flavis, pilosis, pygidio rugoso, setuloso. Long. 6 lin.

Front part of the head and the clypeus finely and

moderately thickly punctured. Thorax very convex,

broadest at the posterior angles, very slightly narrowed

to a little in front of the middle, then obliquely narrowed

to the front, but yet not very angular at the side ; smooth,

except a few delicate punctures at the anterior angles ;

the incrassated lateral margin yellow; the base with a

broad arcuate lobe in the middle. Scutellum 2 milli-

metres long, as broad as long, smooth. Elytra smooth,

with some bluntly-impressed lines on the disk; the

margin incrassated at the base ; with a line of punctures

bordering the margin ; the apex dull and rugulose. The

pygidium coarsely rugose, beset with stiff yellowish hair.

The sternal process moderately long and thick, somewhat

enlarged and obtuse at the apex. The sterna, margins

of the femora, and the sides of the abdomen beset with

stiff yellow hair. Male.

Hab. Ecuador, Chiguinda (Buckley).

19. Antichira puberula, n. 8.

Oblonga, convexa, nitidissima, picea, viridi-micans ;

thoracis lateribus pedibusque flavis, corpore subtus

pygidioque flavo-hirtis, hoc rugoso. Long. 6% lin.

Front part of the head and the clypeus closely and

very distinctly punctured. ‘Thorax very convex, pitchy

brown, reflecting pale green wherever the light falls

upon it, moderately thickly and extremely delicately

punctured ; broadest at the posterior angles, very slightly

narrowed to rather in front of the middle, and somewhat

obliquely narrowed to the front; the sides, however, very

slightly angular ; the base with a broad arcuate lobe in

the middle. Scutellum 2 millimetres long, and the same

width at the base, triangular, but rounded at the apex

itself. Elytra very little enlarged posteriorly, subparallel,

deflexed at the apex, not very thickly and scarcely visibly

punctured even with a glass ; the extreme apex rugulose ;

the apical callosity rather prominent and conical; the

margin at the shoulder is thickened, along the rest of the

Coleoptera of the Family Rutelide. 545

margin is a row of hair-bearing punctures. Sternal

process rather long and thick, concave on its inner side,

thickened and truncate at the apex. Female.

Hab. New Grenada.

Besides the difference in colour, this species differs

from A. pilosula in being less rotundate, more oblong,

in the scutellum being a trifle longer, and in the almost

entire absence of impressed lines on the elytra.

I think Chlorota rotundata, Blanch. (Cat. Mus. Paris,

p- 208), must closely resemble this species, and, if Prof.

Blanchard has overlooked the long sternal process in

placing his species in the genus Chlorota, mine may be

only a variety of his insect.

THyripium, Burm.

The species here described differ from Antichira with

small scutellum, in having the mandibles not notched on

the outer edge; and differ from Chlorota in having a long

sternal process.

A. Larger claw to all the tarsi bifid. Species 1—5.

1. Thyridiwm Sommeri, 0. s.

Obovatum, convexum, nitidum, subtus nigrum; capite,

thorace, scutello tibiisque cupreis, elytris flavis, pygidio

striolato et femoribus piceis. Mas. Long. 8 lin.

Short, oblong-obovate. Clypeus short, very closely

and strongly punctured; head sparingly and finely

punctured. Thorax distinctly angular at the sides;

sparingly and finely punctured, with a line of rather

strong punctures within the incrassated lateral margin ;

the base slightly oblique on each side, with a slight lobe

in the middle, which is very slightly emarginate. Scu-

tellum a curvilinear triangle, rather acute at the apex,

nearly 2 millimetres long. Llytra yellow, with the

suture tinted with fuscous (but with no sutural stria),

convex, a little broader in the middle than at the base

and apex, evenly and gently arcuate at the sides. Sternal

process moderately long and very thick, gently arched,

not distinctly enlarged at the apex. The sterna, femora,

and abdomen are sparingly clothed with long pale

pubescence.

Hab. Brazil.

TRANS. ENT. SoC. 1881.—PART IV. (DEC.) 4B

546 Mr. Waterhous@n some South American

The specimen above described is from Dejean’s collec-

tion, and I have retained his name for it.

2. Thyridium punctatum, n. s.

Oblongo-ovatum, leviter convexum, crebre punctatum ;

sternis pedibusque cupreis, corpore subtus longe fulvo-

piloso. Mas. Long. 10 lin.

A very distinct species on account of its strong sculp-

ture ; and on account of the deep green colour, which is

quite of a different kind from any of the T’. psittacina

eroup, approaching more the colour of A. calcarata, but

paler, and having pitchy reflections in the shadows.

Head rather thickly and very distinctly punctured.

Thorax obliquely narrowed anteriorly from rather behind

the middle ; moderately thickly punctured on the disk,

gradually more closely and more strongly punctured

towards the side ; the base slightly oblique on each side,

truncate next the scutellum. Scutellum triangular,

with a slight tendency to cordiform, acute at the apex,

33 millimetres long, closely and obscurely punctured.

Elytra thickly and strongly punctured, the punctures

towards the sides horseshoe-shaped ; each elytron has

four impressed lines on the disk, and there is a well-

marked sutural one; the margin below the shoulder is

somewhat incrassated. The pygidium is rather coarsely

vermiculose. The sternal process is not very long, and

is rather slender, not inflated at the apex, but slightly

curved over the anterior coxe.

Hab. Venezuela.

3. Thyridium sodale, n.s.

Ovale, convexum, nitidum, prasinum, sat crebre evi-

denter punctulatum. Mas. Long. 15 lin.

Forehead delicately and rather thickly punctured, the

clypeus more strongly punctured. Thorax 7 millimetres

long in the middle, very obliquely narrowed anteriorly

from rather behind the middle, very delicately and rather

thickly punctured, the punctures more distinct towards

the sides ; the anterior angles very acute and moderately

prominent ; the sides distinctly angular; the base trun-

cate in the middle next to the scutellum, oblique and

very gently bisinuate on each side. Scutellum triangular

Coleoptera of the Family Rutehide. 547

(nearly rectilinear), very finely punctured, 4+ millimetres

broad and 5 millimetres long. Elytra very delicately

but distinctly and rather closely punctured ; the margin

is incrassate below the shoulder only. Pygidium closely

and rather strongly vermiculate-striolate. The sternal

process is long and very thick, obliquely truncate at the

apex (viewed laterally), curved on the side next the

anterior coxe. The sides of the metasternum and the

metathoracic epipleura are rather strongly, moderately

closely, vermiculate-striolate. The sides of the abdomen

are similarly sculptured, but not quite so strongly so.

Hab. Ecuador (Buckley).

Evidently very near Chlorota psittacina, Burm., but

the punctuation is quite distinct; and although (by

moving the insect about) four lines may be traced on

each elytron, these lines are not punctured; the sternal

process is not at all clavate.

Chlorota euchloroides, Murray, is very close to this

species, but differs in having the thorax less angular at

the sides; the anterior angles are not so prominent nor

so acute, and the elytra, besides the ordinary punctua-

tion, has the whole surface closely marked with exces-

sively small punctures, which in some lights look elon-

gate; the tarsi are coppery. The sternal process is very

similar, but the angle next the coxe is a little more

acute.

4. Thyridium scutellatum, 0. 8.

Ovale, crassum, convexum, viride, subtiliter punctu-

latum ; scutello subcordato. Long. 14 lin.

Allied to Chlorota psittacina, Burm., but very distinct

from all the species of this group known to me on account

of the form of the scutellum. Punctuation on the front

of the head very fine and moderately close, becoming

closer and stronger up to the front margin. Thorax

7 millimetres long in the middle, delicately and_mode-

rately thickly punctured, the punctures more distinct

towards the sides; gradually narrowed anteriorly from

very near the base; when viewed from above it does not

appear the least angular at the sides, but when seen

laterally there is a very obtuse angle; the base in the

middle is broadly but very slightly, arcuately emarginate,

gently oblique on each side, and gently bisinuate.

Scutellum 6 millimetres broad at the base, very gently

548 Mr. Waterhoug#on some South American

sinuate on each side beyond the middle, 6+ millimetres

long, very densely but almost imperceptibly punctured.

Elytra densely and excessively finely punctured, the

punctures appearing in some lights elongate, and inter-

mixed with this are some rather stronger punctures ; on

each elytron four obscurely impressed lines may be

traced ; the margin below the shoulder is slightly in-

crassate. Pygidium strongly and moderately closely

vermiculate-striolate. The sides of the metasternum

and the base of its epimera are similarly striolate, but

less strongly so; the sides of the abdomen are still less

strongly striolate ; the apical portion of the epimera is

not very thickly punctured. Sternal process very long,

eradually narrowing to the apex, slightly curved over the

anterior coxe. Body beneath and the femora almost

destitute of any pubescence.

Hab. Brazil ?

5. Thyridium cyanipes, n. 8.

Obovatum, convexum, nitidum, viridi-prasinum ; tho-

race angustiori, corpore subtus pedibusque cyaneis.

Long. 113 lin.

Head sparingly punctured ; clypeus coarsely rugulose ;

its anterior margin only slightly arcuate, the front

portion (as well as the mouth and antennz) nearly black.

Thorax 73 millimetres long, 113 millimetres broad at the

widest part, scarcely narrowed posteriorly, gradually

narrowed anteriorly from rather behind the middle ; very

delicately and moderately thickly punctured ; just within

the incrassated margin the surface is finely rugulose ; the

anterior angles rather prominent and acute, the sides

(viewed from above) not angular, but arcuate; the base

in the middle broadly and very gently and arcuately

lobed, with a slight sinuosity on each side of the lobe.

Scutellum a curvilinear triangle, 3 millimetres long,

4 millimetres broad. Elytra rather thickly and very

evidently punctured, the punctures elongate when viewed

in certain lights; sutural stria distinct; the margin

below the shoulders is slightly incrassate (or perhaps

rather turned under). Pygidium smooth in the middle

of the base, vermiculate round the margins and sides,

which are beset with long pale hairs. Sternal process

long and very thick, a little enlarged at the apex, the

apical angle bent over the anterior coxe. Sides of the

Coleoptera of the Family Rutelide. 549

metasternum and the epipleura strongly and closely

vermiculate-striate. Each abdominal segment has at

the sides a band of strong hair-bearing punctures.

Hab. Colombia.

B. Claws of the anterior tarsi not bifid, but with a

small tooth at the base; the larger claw of the four

posterior tarsi bifid.

6. Thyridium punctatissimun, 0. 8.

Obovatum, viridi-olivaceum ; elytris creberrime punc-

tatis, pygidio corporeque subtus olivaceis, fulvo-hirtis,

pedibus cyaneo-olivaceis, tarsis cyaneis. Long. 12 lin.

Antenne and parts of the mouth bluish black. Head

in parts finely punctured, the front margin of the clypeus

rugulose. Thorax 7$ millimetres long, 12 millimetres

broad across the middle, rounded anteriorly at the sides,

gently sinuate behind the middle; sparingly and deli-

cately punctured, except at the base, where the punc-

tures become more frequent; the surface within the

margin is closely (and almost rugulosely) punctured, but

not at the hind angles; the incrassated margin is darker

olive than the rest of the thorax ; the basal lobe is broad

and not very prominent, and gently arcuate, with scarcely

any sinuosity on each side of it. Scutellum a curvi-

linear triangle, 4 millimetres broad, 33 millimetres long.

Elytra very thickly punctured, with a mixture of larger

and small punctures; there is a distinct sutural stria

(the suture nearly smooth), and there are two pairs of

impressed lines on each elytron ; the margin below the

shoulder is slightly incrassate. Pygidium moderately

strongly vermiculate-striolate. Sternal process rather

strong, moderately inflated and obtusely rounded at the

apex. Sides of the metasternum and epipleura densely

vermiculate-striolate, the areas thus formed very small,

and each having in the centre a small puncture. Sides

of the abdomen rather strongly punctured. _

Hab. Veneznela.

C. Larger claw of the anterior tarsi bifid; all the

claws of the four posterior tarsi simple.

550 Mr. Waterhou@on some South American

7. Thyridium lineatum, Murray.

This species is described by Mr. Murray (Edinb. New

Phil. Journ. v., 1857, p. 225) under the genus Chlorota,

but it appears to me to be better to confine that genus

to those species which have only a very short sternal

process.

D. The following species has all the claws simple, but

the outer anterior claw is more dilated at the base.

8. Thyridium punctiventre, n. 8.

Viridi-olivaceum, lucens, oblongum, depressum ; tho-

race antice angustato, lateribus flavis, elytris crebre punc-

tatis ad apicem rugulosis, corpore subtus pygidioque albo-

setosis. Long. 8} lin.

Front part of the head sparingly punctured; the

clypeus gradually more thickly punctured to the front

margin, where it is rugulose, tinted with yellowish.

Thorax convex, 5} millimetres long in the middle, broadest

at the posterior angles, gradually narrowed to rather in

front of the middle, and then more obliquely narrowed

to the anterior angles, which are rather prominent and

acute ; surface sparingly and most delicately punctured,

more closely, but very obscurely, punctured towards the

sides; the base is broadly but very slightly lobed in the

middle, nearly straight on each side. Scutellum a curvi-

linear triangle, 2 millimetres long and 2 millimetres

broad. Elytra rather depressed, broadest about the

middle, very obtuse at the apex, rather strongly and

moderately thickly punctured, the punctures of unequal

size, the apical margins rugulose, margin a little incras-

sate below the shoulder, and with an impressed line

above the margin; subapical callosity obtuse, but very

distinct. Pygidium coarsely rugose, and beset with long

stiff hairs. Sternal process moderately long and thick,

not inflated at the apex, but (viewed laterally) the point

next the anterior cox is produced over the coxe, as

is common in many of the species. Metasternum

strongly punctured (except in the middle), and at the

sides rugulose, as well as the episterna; pilose. Legs

yellowish green. Abdomen with a line of strong elon-

gate punctures all across each segment, each puncture

with a short stiff whitish hair.

Hab. Ecuador, Chiguinda (Buckley).

Coleoptera of the Family Rutelide. 551

Cuuiorota, Burm.

1. Chlorota @rea, un. 8.

Ovata, convexa, subnitida, crebre punctulata, erea ;

elytrorum marginibus parcius punctatis, apice confertim

punctato. Long. 9 lin.

Of a brownish bronze, with more brassy tints in some

lights. Head thickly punctured, rather coarsely so in

the middle of the front part ; the clypeus densely punc-

tured, more rugulose at the margins. Thorax 52% milli-

metres long, broadest at the base, very slightly narrowed

to a little in front of the middle, and then obliquely nar-

rowed to the front, thickly and finely punctured on the

disk, the punctuation quickly becoming closer towards

the sides, where it is very dense, rendering the surface

somewhat dull; the shining incrassated margin is very

narrow in front, gradually wider posteriorly, the shining

surface continued a little way along the posterior margin ;

the base somewhat straight on each side, but broadly

arcuately lobed in the middle. Scutellum 24 millimetres

long, 3 millimetres broad, a curvilinear triangle, but with

the slightest tendency to be cordiform. Elytra broadest

in the middle, obtuse at the apex, finely and very densely

punctured, the apex finely rugulose; the margin below

the shoulder is incrassate and smooth (the margin

somewhat turned under); on the side there is a very

obtuse ridge, terminating before the apical callus, the

surface below this somewhat shining, but finely punc-

tured ; suture slightly impressed, with no distinct sutural

stria, but there is a fine line extending from the humeral

callus tothe apical one. Pygidium vermiculate-rugulose.

Sternal process not very long, comparatively slender, and

somewhat acuminate. All the under side of the insect

(except the middle of the sterna) and the four posterior

femora rugose (the abdomen more finely so than the rest),

and beset with yellowish hairs.

Hab. Ecuador (Buckley).

2. Chlorota vitrina, n. 8.

Oblonga, nitidissima, eneo-lucens, mutabilis; elytris

apice subtiliter ruguloso. Long. 113 lin.

A rather long-oblong species, with straight sides, nar-

rower in front than behind, broadest just before the apex

552 Mr. Waterhoyggeon some South American

of the elytra; very highly polished, «neous where the

light falls upon the surface, but almost black in the

shade, with purple-coppery tints slightly visible in certain

lights. Front of the head and the clypeus finely and

closely rugulose; the clypeus rather acuminate and

notched at the slightly reflexed apex. Thorax convex,

moderately thickly but extremely delicately punctured,

except within the incrassated margin, where it is closely

rugulose, straight at the sides to rather in front of the

middle, then obliquely narrowed to the front. Elytra

impressed at the sides below the shoulders ; at-first sight

appearing without punctuation, but on close examination

some extremely fine punctures may be seen ; the margin

below the shoulder is incrassate, and there is a finely

rugulose space above the margin; all the apex below the

callus is densely and finely rugulose, the rugulose surface

continued (gradually becoming narrower) round the side

to about the middle, leaving the extreme margin at the

side smoother. The sternal process is very short and

small, the apex turned away from the coxe. Body

beneath hairy. Pygidium densely rugulose, more finely

so at the base than at the apex, beset with yellowish

hair. The larger claw to all the tarsi bifid.

Hab. Ecuador, Chiguinda (Buckley).

3. Chlorota bidentata, n. s.

Oblonga, antice paulo angustata, eneo-lucens, muta-

bilis, nitidissima ; elytrorum marginibus apiceque sub-

tiliter rugulosis. Long. 9 lin.

Closely allied to C. vitrina, but shorter, less straight at

the sides of the elytra. The clypeus is a little less nar-

rowed in front, and less acutely bidentate at the apex.

The rugulose space within the lateral margin of the

thorax is a little wider (} mm. wide). The very finely

rugulose surface of the apex (which is tinted with brown)

is more extended, and is continued like a broad band all

round the sides to the shoulder, leaving the incrassated

margin below the shoulder, and a very short ridge on the

side about the middle, smooth. The apex of the sternal

process is turned up, i.¢., away from the anterior coxe,

asin C. vitrina.

Hab. New Grenad

Coleoptera of the Family Iutelide. 553

4. Chlorota associata, n.s.

Late ovalis, convexa, nigro-cyanea, nitens, subtus

olivacea ; elytris sulcatis, interstitio primo fortiter punc-

tato. Long. 12 lin.

Head sparingly and delicately punctured; clypeus

rugulose, parabolic in outline. Thorax 7 millimetres

long, 18 millimetres broad, very convex, moderately

thickly and extremely finely and delicately punctured,

broadest at the posterior angles, scarcely narrowed to

about the middle, then very obliquely narrowed to the

front ; the sides near the incrassated margin closely and

coarsely punctured ; the base slightly oblique on each

side, straight (or only in the slightest degree emarginate)

in the middle next the scutellum. Scutellum 5 milli-

metres long, and equally broad at the base, triangular,

blunt at the apex, very delicately punctured. Elytra each

with eight or nine very strongly obtusely impressed punc-

tured lines (besides the sutural stria), the first broad

interstice very strongly punctured, the 3rd to 7th inter-

stices convex (especially the alternate ones), the 7th only

convex posteriorly; the apex with some strong punctures ;

apical callus not distinct. Pygidium moderately closely

vermiculate-striate. Sternal process very short and

obtuse. Body below clothed with dark brown pubescence.

Outer claw of the anterior tarsi with a sharp slender

hook near the base ; the other claws simple.

Hab. Keuador, Chiguinda (Buckley).

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT IV. (DEC.) 40

eehagh

} Aly

% cae ei

hilye

( 555 )

XXXV. Notes on Hymenoptera, with descriptions of new

species. By P. Camron.

[Read October 5th, 1881.]

OXYURA.

Tsobrachium hispanicum, 0. 8.

Brack, extreme apex of scape and flagellum, apical

half of tibie and tarsi testaceous; basal half of tibie,

femora and trochanters fuscous. Antenne double the

length of the head; the scape as long as the three

following joints, stout, curved; two first joints of

flagellum about equal; the second more globular and

thicker than the first, and shorter than the third; the

third and following joints subequal, cylindrical. Head

broader than the prothorax, depressed, subquadrate,

smooth, shining, impunctate. Prothorax three times

as long as the mesothorax, smooth, shining, impunctate,

narrow in front, widened behind, and compressed at the

sides. Scutellum with two small fovee at the base;

behind there is a short depression, from each end of

which proceeds, to the base of the metathorax, a minute

depressed line. Metathorax a half longer than broad,

perpendicularly truncated behind, finely striated trans-

versely ; in the centre is a straight longitudinal carina,

and a slightly curved one on either side of this. Meso-

thorax very finely punctured. Abdomen shining, im-

punctate, acuminated at the apex. Terebra exserted,

rufous. Wings almost hyaline, all the nervures pale

fuscous. Humeral cellules unequal, the lower one being

much longer than the upper, reaching to the base of the

stigma. Female. Length 1; lin. Expanse of wings,

24 lin.

Allied to I. dichotomum, Forst., but distinguished (1) by

the unequal humeral cellules, (2) impunctate, glabrous

head and prothorax, and (3) by the hyaline wings.

Taken on the Sierra Nevada, Spain, in July, by Dr.

David Sharp.

TRANS. ENT. $0c, 1881.—PaRT IV. (DEC.)

556 Mr. Cameroyg notes on Hymenoptera,

SIEROLA, Nn. g.

Antenne 13-jointed, not much longer than the head ;

the scape thicker than the other joints, and as long as

the following, the third and fourth slightly longer than

the succeeding, and produced beneath on the lower

side; remaining joints not much longer than broad,

distinctly separated from each other. Wings with a

stigma and prostigma, the two being separated by a

hyaline space, costa thickened in front “of stigma ; radial

cellule completely closed, the nervure being united to

the costa, broader, and more rounded at the apex than

base; two humeral cellules unequal, and closed; from

the end of the lower (and smaller) cellule there proceeds

from the upper end a small oval cellule, which is united

to the prostigma by a short thick nervure, so that the

upper humeral cellule is thus completely closed. From

the end of the radial cellule runs, to the edge of the

wing, a white spurious vein; another runs in the same

direction from the small oval cellule above mentioned,

the two being united by a cross nervure half-way between

the radial cellule and the apex of tbe wing; another

spurious vein runs from the lower humeral cellule to

the bottom of the wing. Head, legs and body formed as

in Perisemus, Scleroderma, &e. Abdomen longer than

head and thorax, the third and fourth segments con-

tracted in the middle at their junction; in length sub-

equal; the last is acuminated.

This genus differs from all the genera of Bethyloide

in having the radial cellule completely closed, and in

the presence of the small oval cellule uniting the

humeral cellules. It comes nearest to Goniozus,

Forster. In the shape of the prostigma it more

resembles Perisemus.

Sierola testaceipes, n. s.

Black. Head and mesonotum faintly alutaceous ;

abdomen smooth, shining; three basal joints of antenne

and legs testaceous ; abdominal segments at their junc-

tion dull testaceous. Wings deeply fringed, shorter

than thorax and abdomen, hyaline; stigma and pro-

stigma fuscous; other nervures pale. Head and thorax

covered with a scattered pubescence. Female. Length

scarcely 1} lin.

with descriptions of new species. SDL

Sent by the Rev. Thos. Blackburn from the Sandwich

Islands (No. 94). Mr. Blackburn tells me that the

Species 18 rare; and that the only differences between

what he takes to be the male and female are that the

former has the abdomen somewhat blunter at the apex.

~ Psilloma caudata, n. s.

Reddish testaceous, middle of mesonotum and apical

half of abdomen obscured slightly with fuscous ; smooth,

shining, impunctate; prothorax and petiole with a

fringe of white hair; sides of thorax and abdomen with

scattered hairs. Antenne as long as the head, thorax,

and second abdominal segment; scape as long as the

four succeeding joints; first joint of flagellum thicker

and a fourth shorter than the second, which is

cylindrical and double the length of the third; the

remaining joints to the penultimate broader than long,

and becoming gradually thicker; last joint bluntly

conical, and double the length of preceding. Petiole

slightly broader than long, shorter than the coxe, and

bulging out in the middle. Abdomen bulging out in the

middle, sharply conical and acuminated at the apex.

Ovipositor nearly as long as the abdomen. Wings

shorter than the body, hyaline, ciliated; nervures

obscure testaceous. Female. Length (exclusive of

ovipositor) 13 lin. Expanse of wings, 14 lin.

Sierra Nevada, Spain. Dr. Sharp.

Forster, so far as I know, never described the type of

his genus Psilloma; and the only described species are

ciliata, Thoms. and incrassata, Thoms., from both of

which the present species is very distinct. Psilloma

forms section C of Belyta of Thomson.

Megaspilus punctulatus, n. 8.

Black; basal half of scape and legs with coxe reddish

testaceous. Antenne as long as the thorax and abdo-

men; scape longer than the three succeeding joints;

the second joint of the flagellum a half longer than the

first and fourth; the rest subequal, and becoming

gradually thicker; the last as long as the two pre-

ceding, but not thicker than them. Head pilose,

longer than broad, somewhat broader than the thorax,

depressed, deeply and coarsely punctured, and without

558 Mr. Cameronjggnotes on Hymenoptera,

any depressions. Antenne arising from tubercles, and

in front of them is a transverse suture. Mesothorax

depressed and compressed at the sides. In front of the

scutellum there is a deep transverse suture, from which

runs on each side a deep suture to the prothorax, and

a less conspicuous one in the middle, the space bounded

by these sutures is deeply and coarsely punctured ; the

space on either side bounded by them and the scutellum

is shining and almost impunctate, except at the edges.

Seutellum shining and impunctate m the centre; the

rest and metanotum punctured. Spines on metanotum

well developed. Abdomen longer and broader than the

thorax, subovate, striated at the base, and with a long

distinct central carina, and a shorter less developed one

on either side; the rest smooth, shining, covered at the

sides and apex with long scattered white hairs. Head

and thorax densely pilose. Wings rudimentary, scarcely

reaching beyond the petiole. Length 1} ln.

Allied to M. cursitans, Nees, but easily known from it

by the shorter and broader thorax, which is not uniformly

punctured all over; more ovate abdomen, less elongated

prothorax, and more pilose body.

Dalry, Ayrshire. August.

Megaspilus mullensis, n. s.

Black, shining, almost glabrous; scape, prothorax,

base of abdomen and legs, with cox, testaceous. An-

tenn longer than the body, filiform, glabrous ; scape a

little longer than the head; third joint a little longer

than the fourth; the rest subequal; last joint broken

off. Head more than a half wider than the thorax,

smooth, shining, impunctate; eyes almost glabrous.

Thorax less shining than the head, slightly aciculated ;

longer and somewhat narrower than the abdomen, which

has the second segment striolated, but very indistinctly.

Wings abbreviated, reaching to apex of second abdo-

minal segment. Male. Length a little more than $ lin.

Similar in coloration to M. thoracicus, Nees, but

differing in its pile-less body, much broader head,

thorax longer than abdomen, &e.

Taken on a grassy slope on Ben More, Mull, at an

elevation of about 2000 feet, on June 19th.

with descriptions of new species. 559

BRACONID.

Chelonus carinatus, n. 8.

Black, half-shining, covered with a close microscopic

silky pubescence ; the greater part of the scape of the

antenne and the four following joints reddish testaceous ;

extreme apex of cox, trochanters, apex and base of

anterior femora, and the posterior knees, pale red ; four

anterior tibiz and tarsi pallid testaceous ; hinder tibize

broadly annulated with white, the white ring being nearer

the top than bottom ; tips of four anterior tarsi and the

hinder pair fuscous; the greater part of the hinder ~

metatarsus white; spurs white; basal third of abdo-

men white, except a blackish mark at extreme base;

at the apex this white portion is rounded, and at its

junction with the black colour passes into brown. Man-

dibles reddish. Antenne about the length of the body,

17-jointed, the seven apical joints thicker than the basal

ones. Head finely punctured, the face covered with

white hair. Mesonotum finely punctured. From the

usual transverse ridge at the base of the scutellum there

runs a central straight carina to the base of the meso-

notum; next to this is a short carina, and outside of

this again are two curved outwardly, but it is only the

second which reaches the edge of the thorax ; these keels

are united by fine cross-bars. Scutellum smooth, shining

on basal half, apical half with longitudinal striations.

Metathorax punctured, and with distinct coarse longi-

tudinal striations, truncated at the apex, and with a

minute tooth at each edge. Abdomen about the length

of head and thorax, finely punctured, the punctures

almost obsolete on the basal white portion. The second

segment depressed in the centre, and produced at the

sides into a leaf-like ridge, from the inner side of which

runs an almost obsolete carina in the direction of the

centre of the segment, but which is not reached. The

union (apparent) of the second with the third segment

is indicated by a fine transverse line. Wings hyaline,

stigma, radial and cubital nervures fuscous; other

nervures pale testaceous. Female. Length 1} lin.

Various localities in the island of Oahu. Sent by

Mr. Blackburn as No. 57.

560 Mr. Cameron’S™otes on Hymenoptera,

Monolexis ? palliatus, n. s.

Head cubital, shaped as in Spathius. Antenne 32-

jointed, the joints of almost equal thickness throughout,

the first joint of flagellum one fourth longer than second.

Wings with two cubital cellules. Anterior discoidal cellule

petiolate, hinder discoidal cellule open, recurrent nervure

interstitiate. Neuration of posterior wings as in Spathius.

Fore and hinder tarsi much longer than their tibie ;

middle tarsi scarcely longer than tibie. Abdomen sub-

sessile ; first and second segments separated by a deep

transverse furrow, widest in the middle, where it projects

behind ; second segment shorter than first; the rest

shorter, subequal. Ovipositor a little shorter than the

abdomen. Pallid testaceous, a longish spot on vertex,

one behind the eyes; the greater part of the lateral

lobes of mesonotum and of pleure and abdomen fuscous ;

the metanotum, metapleure, and basal third of abdomen

dark testaceous. Legs white, a line on hinder femora,

base of hinder tibiz, a broad linein middle and base of tarsi

fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa testaceous ; stigma fus-

cous, paler at base. Antenne longer than body, fuscous

at apex, and the other jomts have a small fuscous ring

at the apex. Head and mesonotum smooth, shining,

impunctate ; the head with a few longish scattered hairs ;

metanotum with an indistinct central carina, which

bifurcates towards the middle of metanotum in two

branches, which turn to the side; hinder half of meta-

notum slightly rugose, and sparsely covered with white

hairs. The first and second abdominal segments are

coarsely constricted longitudinally ; on the extreme edge

of first is a distinct keel, and from the base there run

two central keels, which get lost in the striations in the

middle of the segment; the basal half of the space

enclosed by these keels is smooth, shining, not striated.

The rest of the abdomen is smooth, shining, impunctate.

The male has the antenne longer (distinctly longer than

the body), the metanotum and base of abdomen darker ;

the fuscous ring on hinder tibie is shorter, and the tarsi

have only the apical joints fuscous. Length 2 lin.

Expanse of wings, 34 lin.

In the form of the head, antennx, and thorax, and in

coloration, this species agrees with Spathius, but it differs

from it in having only two cubital cellules, in the abdo-

with descriptions of new species. 561

men being almost sessile, not pedunculated, and in the

number of segments of the abdomen. It comes into

(through having only two cubital cellules) Forster’s

“family”? Hecabolide, and in the table which he gives

(Verh. v. Rhein. xix., 237) it might belong to Monolezis ;

but as Forster only describes the neuration of the wings

(and that but very slightly), and as the type-species has

never been described, I am not at all sure that the

present species has any connection with Forster’s genus.

It will in all probability form the type of a new genus.

The maxillary palpi are 6-jointed, the labial 4-jointed ;

but I should add that the labial palpi were accidentally

destroyed before I could examine them properly.

Mr. Blackburn takes this ichneumon rarely near

Honolulu. (No. 68).

CHALCIDIDA.

Chaleis polynesialis, n. s.

Black, covered sparsely with a longish silvery pube-

scence. Base of scape, a line on the pronotum behind,

and the scutellum more or less ferruginous. Anterior

legs with the trochanters, femora, and tibize reddish

yellow, paler at the apex, and more or less fuscous in

the middle; hinder ‘legs with the coxe reddish black

behind ; trochanters and base of femora reddish, the

rest black, save a yellow spot above at the apex, which

is reddish beneath; tibiew black at the extreme base;

next to this is a clear yellow ring, the centre is black,

more or less reddish on lower side, the apex clear yellow

on outer side, the sides and lower parts reddish-yellow ;

tarsi yellowish-testaceous, the extreme apex fuscous.

Head and thorax covered with shallow punctures; those

on the head and prothorax are smaller than those on the

middle of the mesonotum, which are again slightly

smaller than those on the scutellum; lateral lobes of

mesonotum with finer punctures than on the head.

Metanotum with larger punctures than on the scutellum.

Scutellum rounded behind, and with a transverse in-

distinct ridge on the apex. Abdomen not much longer

than the thorax, ovate, pointed at the apex, smooth,

shining, impunctate, almost glabrous at the base, the

four apical segments clothed at the sides and beneath

with a longish white pubescence. Wings hyaline;

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—psrT iv. (DEC.) 4D

562 Mr. Camerontrotes on Hymenoptera,

tegule yellow; the teeth on femora are very strongly

developed, especially at the apex. Length scarcely

1} lin.

Seemingly a variable species as regards coloration.

One of my specimens has only the apex of the scutellum

reddish ; another has it entirely of that colour, as well

as the apex of the mesonotum. The colour of the legs

also varies.

Taken by Mr. Blackburn near Honolulu. (No. 56).

Spalangia hirta, Haliday.

Mr. Blackburn sends a specimen of this species, which

was found by him in an outhouse attached to his resi-

dence in Honolulu (No. 93). It is probably introduced,

being a parasite of the house-fly. Walker (‘ Notes on

Chalcidie,’ p. 88) records the other species (S. nigra)

from the Galapagos Islands.

FOSSORES.

CRABRONIDA.

Crabro polynesialis, n. 8.

Black; scape beneath and basal three-fourths of

mandibles reddish-yellow ; calcaria testaceous ; labrum

and cheeks covered with a dense golden pubescence ;

head and thorax sparsely covered with longish hairs,

fuscous on top, white at the sides; base of abdomen

almost glabrous, the apical segments covered with longish

silvery hairs. Head and thorax semi-opaque, finely

punctured, the punctures on seutellum and post-scutellum

rounded and more distinct than on the mesonotum, and

very finely longitudinally striated; extreme base of

metathorax longitudinally striated, and with a few short

more or less indistinct carine running from the trans-

verse ridge at the apex of the post-scutellum ; on the

centre there is a furrow, which is scarcely visible on the

upper half, but is more distinct on lower half. Abdomen

smooth, shining, the apical segments faintly punctured

and covered (especially at apex of segments) with white

hairs; the last segment has two carine at the sides,

which converge at the tip, which is acute. Wings sub-

hyaline, with a distinct violet iridescence; nervures

with descriptions of new species. 563

testaceous ; outer edge of tegule rufo-testaceous. Hinder

tibie armed with thick, widely separated, blunt, fuscous-

coloured spines. Length 4% lin. LExpanse of wings,

63 lin.

Closely allied to C. unicolor, Smith, but readily dis-

tinguished by the different colour of head and antenne,

by the less dense pubescence on the thorax, by the less

dense punctuation on the mesonotum, which has a

blistered appearance, and by the metanotum having the

central channel very much less developed. The spines

on the hinder tibiz of wnicolor are also more numerous

and more strongly developed.

Mr. Blackburn tells me that the male has dentate

antenne like the same sex in C. denticornis, Smith, &ce.

Taken by Mr. Blackburn at an elevation of from 3000

to 4000 feet on Mauna Loa, Hawaii. (No. 75).

TENTHREDINIDA.

Incalia hirticornis, Cameron.

This genus wants entirely the “lanceolate cellule,”

this being also the case with Syzygonia, Cephalocera, and

one or two undescribed genera from Central America.

Incalia, Syzygonia, and Brachytoma have short thick

palpi, the maxillary being 4-jointed and the labial 38-

jointed. I know also a genus from Central America

which has only 8-jointed maxillary palpi, and the labial

apparently with only one joint.

Nematus scoticus, n. s.

Black; head and thorax covered with a close pube-

scence, which is especially long on the face; labrum,

legs, and apex of abdomen dull testaceous ; mandibles

brownish ; palpi dark testaceous; the greater part of

cox, a line on the under side of anterior femora, one

above and beneath on middle, and the greater part of

posterior, black; apex of posterior tibie and tarsi

fuscous. Vertex minutely punctured; antennal fovea

long, broad, and moderately deep; frontal area in-

distinct. Antenne as long as the abdomen, thickish,

the third and fourth joints about equal, and not shorter

than the ninth, which is sharply conical at apex ; black,

brownish from the third jomt beneath, and _ slightly

pilose. Mesonotum shining, scarcely punctured ; pleure

564 Mr. Cameron notes on Hymenoptera,

opaque, punctured; sternum smooth, shining; tegule

testaceous. Wings hyaline; nervures for the greater

part, costa and stigma, livid white; first submarginal

nervure distinct; third submarginal cellule longer than

broad. The spurs do not reach to the middle of meta-

tarsus ; claws with a minute subapical tooth; the cerci

are longer than spurs; sheath of saw with a long hair

fringe. Female. Length 23 lin. Expanse of wings, 5} lin.

Agrees with the Ambiguus-group in having the antenne

brownish beneath, but differs in the punctured pleure,

black pronotum, and eclypeus. It differs from pallipes

and its allies in its more shining body, in having the

antenne brownish beneath, and the pronotum black. It

has the legs covered pretty much as in lativentris,

Thoms., but the body is much narrower, and more

shining and less punctured, the costa and stigma of a

more livid white, the third submarginal cellule shorter,

and the apex of the abdomen is more marked with

testaceous colour.

Taken at Braemar by Dr. Sharp.

Tenthredo togata, Panz.

No less than five species have been referred to the

T’.. togata, Pz., by different authors. A reference to the

original figure and description (F. G., Ixxxiu., f. 12)

shows beyond doubt that it is the same as Hmphytus

succinctus, Kl., which name must, therefore, sink in

favour of togata.

All this confusion has been caused by Fabricius

(S. P., 82, 15) describing a species under the name of

togata which is quite distinct from that described by the

German author. The Tenthredo togata, Fab., is a rare

and little-known species, and it has been described under

the name of cingulatus by St. Fargeau (Mon. 117, 243),

and as Hmphytus neglectus by Gaddach (Beschr., 27).

André (Species des Hymén. i. Cat. p. 31*) sinks it asa

synonym of the common Hmphytus cinctus, but to my

mind the two are quite distinct ; cingulatus being recog-

nised from cinctus by its smaller and more slenderly-

built body, clearer wings, longer and thinner antenne ;

the mouth, pronotum, and legs marked with white;

tarsi fuscous ; the posterior tarsi longer compared to the

tibie, and the blotch much larger, more distinct, and

with descriptions of new species. 565

shaped like atriangle. The synonymy of the two species

will then be :—

E. togatus, Pz., non Fab. = succinctus, K1.

E. cingulatus, Lep. = togata, Fab., non Pz. = neglectus,

Zad.

Pachyprotasis albicineta, n. s.

Black, yellowish-white beneath. Head black on the

vertex from a little above the insertion of the antennex

behind, and at the sides above the upper fourth of the

eyes ; the eyes in front are entirely bordered with yel-

lowish-white, and this colour is prolonged on either side

behind the ocelli into two small irregular points. The

yellowish-white colour is also prolonged between the

antenne into the black portion, where it terminates a

little above the eyes in an oval spot. Thorax and

abdomen black above, save a triangular mark on the

mesonotum (as in P. rape, &c.); a small spot behind

this, scutellum, post-scutellum, a longer, narrower,

transverse line behind it, the apical edges of all the

abdominal segments, and the greater part of the last

segment above, whitish-yellow. Antenne black, with

the two basal joints yellow beneath. Tegule white.

Mesopleure black beneath the wings, this black being

continued as a narrow oblique line to the middle coxe ;

lower down there is a broader transverse black mark.

Legs yellowish-white; four anterior lined with black

above; posterior pair with an oblique black line on the

cox, a line over the trochanters and femora, and the

whole of tibiz (save an obscure pale spot in the middle

beneath) and tarsi black; spurs black, paler at the

base ; sheath of saw black, white in the middle. Wings

hyaline; costa and stigma black. Length 4} lin.

Hab. Himalayas.

Similar in sculpture to rape and antennata, but it is a

broader insect. From rape it differs in the abdomen

being distinctly banded with white on all the segments ;

in the different arrangements of the black on the meso-

pleure, and in the much longer metatarsus, which is as

long as the whole of the succeeding joints; from

antennata the black on the mesopleure and the black

hind tibiz distinguish it at once.

566 Mr. Cameron’s@@otes on Hymenoptera,

THE BRITISH SPECIES OF THENTHREDOPSIS, Costa.

I have recently subjected the saws of as many forms

of T'enthredopsis as I could obtain to a careful micro-

scopical examination ; and the result of this examination

has convinced me that many of the forms, which are

regarded by almost all the recent writers on the subject

as varieties of one or two species, are, in reality, good

species. I find that each form exhibits distinct pecu-

liarities in the shape and arrangement of the teeth on

the saws; in some cases no doubt the differences are

slight, but in others they are markedly distinct. The

form of the saw cannot very well be described in words,

and I have not attempted to do so here; but in the

Monograph of the British Sawflies I have now in

preparation, figures will be given of the saws of the

species enumerated here. From want of material I

have not been able to assign the males to their respective

females in more than eleven species. The following is a

list of the British species, with descriptions of nine

species which I consider to be undescribed :—

1. T' cordatus, Foure. = dimidiata, Fab.

2. JT’. microcephala, Lep.

3. T. femoralis, Steph.

4. T. caliginosus, Steph.

5. Tenthredopsis nigronotatus, n. s.

Black ; labrum, clypeus, mandibles, orbits of eyes, a

spot behind them, scutellum and two spots behind it

white; legs, and third, fourth, and fifth abdominal

segments in part bright red; coxe, trochanters, and an

interrupted line down the centre of the red abdominal

segments black ; hinder coxe pitchy on lower side in the

middle ; posterior tarsi faintly fuscous ; clypeus almost

truncated at the apex. Antenne black, the four or five

apical segments fuscous beneath. Wings hyaline;

stigma fuscous, the extreme base white; tegule black.

Length nearly 6 lin.

Very similar in coloration to ignobilis, but larger and

stouter ; antennz and spurs longer ; clypeus yellow and

not so transverse at apex, and the abdomen has only

with descriptions of new species. 567

three segments red, and these are marked with black in

the centre.

In Shuckard’s collection, now in the possession of Mr.

Edward Saunders.

6. T. ignobilis, Kl. = stigma, Lep., non Fab.

7. T. nigricollis, Cam. = scutellaris, Lep., non Fab.—

This species is very like ignobilis, but it differs from it in

having the hinder femora black ; the red band on abdo-

men is narrower, and the mesonotum is quite black,

and does not bear a reddish spot on lateral lobes. The

three foregoing species may be known from the other

red-banded species by having the pronotum, cox, and

trochanters black; while scutellaris, &c., have these

parts more or less marked with white, and they have also

(except picticeps), the red on abdomen spotted with black

in the middle.

8. T. scutellaris, Fab., non Lep.

9. Tenthredopsis flavomaculatus, Nn. 8.

Black, shining, pilose; labrum, clypeus, mandibles,

orbits, a longish spot behind the eyes, edge of pronotum,

scutellum and the usual parts behind it, sometimes a

few minute spots on mesonotum, a broad band on base

of abdomen, and an irregular spot on coxe, bright yellow.

Antenne pitchy; the edge of second, the whole of third,

fourth, fifth, and sides of sixth abdominal segments

bright testaceous-red ; legs bright testaceous ; the greater

part of coxe and the base (sometimes a line above) of

hinder femora black ; hinder tarsi more or less fuscous.

Wings hyaline ; costa and stigma fuscous, the latter

white at base.

The male is similarly coloured to the female save that

the abdomen has only faint indications of the testaceous

colour on the middle abdominal segments and beneath ;

the antenne if anything are lighter coloured on lower

side; the posterior femora are entirely black, and the

tibie and tarsi pitchy. The last segment above bears

two deep depressions, and the yellow line on base is

scarcely visible. Length 43 lin.

Very similar to 7’. picticeps, but shorter and broader ;

the antenne are shorter, head wider, head and thorax

568 Mr. Cameronotes on Hymenoptera,

more shining, and the band on base of abdomen. much

wider. The saw is very different.

Not common. Mull, Rannoch.

10. Tenthredopsis picticeps, n. 8.

Black; labrum, clypeus, orbits of eyes, a line on

pronotum and scutellar spots, white, the third to sixth

segments of abdomen all round, and the legs, bright red ;

coxe black, largely white behind; trochanters white ;

posterior femora black at base ; posterior tarsi fuscous

at apex. Antenne longish, pale beneath. Wings hyaline;

stigma white at base. Length 5 lin.

Allied to ornatus, but it has the incision in clypeus

not so deep, the eyes are marked with yellow all round,

the antenne are longer, with the third joint not so

long in proportion to the fourth, and the pleure are

scarcely punctured ; ornatus, too, has the clypeus black.

Rare.

11. T. ornatus, Lep. = excisus, Thoms.

12. T. tristis, Steph.

13. T’. fulviceps, Steph.

14. Tenthredopsis lividiventris, n.s.

Black; labrum, clypeus, mandibles, the orbits of eyes

broadly, edge of pronotum, tegule, and scutellar spots,

white ; an irregular splash on mesopleure, and one on

each side of sternum, and the edge of abdomen above

testaceous ; the sides and lower surface livid white ; legs

testaceous ; coxe black, lined at the sides and beneath

with livid white; trochanters pale; hinder femora for

the greater part black above; apex of hinder tibie and

tarsi fuscous. Wings hyaline; stigma pale at base;

tegule white. Length scarcely 6 lin.

Kasily known from the other British species by the

livid abdomen, and by the pale testaceous splashes on

pleure and sternum.

Not common. Mugdock Wood, near Glasgow, early

in June.

with descriptions of new spectes. 569

15. Tenthredopsis albomaculatus, n. s.

Head with the labrum, clypeus, mandibles, and the

orbits of the eyes broadly, white; the rest dull brown,

save the sutures on vertex and the space surrounding the

base of antenne, which are black. Antenne dull

testaceous, darker above, especially at the apex, which is

somewhat attenuated. Thorax black, a line on pro-

notum white; mesopleure with a broad white mark ;

metapleure lined with white; sternum for the greater

part dull brown; sutures of mesonotum dull brown ;

scutellar spots white. Abdomen dull testaceous, a broad

black band down the back, a white transverse line at the

base. Legs testaceous; coxe black, broadly lined with

white at the sides and beneath ; hinder tarsi and apex of

tibiz fuscous. Wings hyaline; stigma fuscous, white at

the base. Length 4 lin.

This is a somewhat larger insect than lividiventris ;

the brownish colour on head and thorax is much more

extended ; the marks on pleure are larger and clear

white ; antenne paler; coxe almost wholly white, and

the legs reddish without any black on them.

Rare. Rannoch, in June.

16. Tenthredopsis nigriceps, n. 8.

Dark rufescent. Antenne, head below the hinder

ocellus, prothorax beneath, mesopleure behind, meta-

thorax, the greater part of the four anterior coxe, and

all the trochanters, deep black; scutellar spots and

cenchri yellow. The front tibize are paler than the rest

of the legs, the base of middle femora, and the greater

part of the posterior femora and coxe suffused with

black; hinder knees black; posterior tarsi fuscous.

Head and thorax covered with a close fuscous pube-

scence ; sutures of the mesonotum and parapsides black ;

labrum dirty white; palpi dark testaceous; coxe and

apex of abdomen black. Antenne attenuated at the

apex, longer than the abdomen, the third joint distinctly

longer than the fourth ; spurs on hinder legs not reach-

ing to middle of metatarsi. Wings hyaline; costa

pale, except before stigma, where it is fuscous; stigma

fuscous, white at the base; accessory nervure in pos-

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT Iv. (DEC.) 4B

570 Mr. Camerof™ notes on Hymenoptera,

terior wings appendiculated ; tegule deep black. Length

nearly 4$ lin.

The dark rufescent body and the black head and pleure

readily separate this species.

Rare. Salen, Mull; June.

17. Tenthredopsis Saundersi, n. s.

Dark testaceous ; mandibles, labrum, clypeus, scutellar

spots, yellow; sides and lower part of thorax (save a

dark testaceous splash on sternum), cox, trochanters,

base of hinder femora, the middle suture on mesonotum,

metanotum, base and apex of abdomen, and a triangular

mark in centre of intermediate segments, black ; hinder

tibiz almost piceous; apex of tibiw, base and apex

of tarsi blackish, the second, third, and fourth joints

white. Antenne fuscous; clypeus slightly incised.

Wings hyaline ; costa testaceous ; stigma fuscous, white

at the base. Calcaria short, not reaching to middle of

metatarsus. Length 4 lin.

Similar to 7’. nigriceps, but it differs in being smaller

and narrower, in having the lower part of the head the

same colour as the upper, in the clypeus being slightly

incised at the apex, the spurs shorter, tarsi paler, &e.

A single specimen in Shuckard’s collection.

18. Tenthredopsis dorsivittatus, n. s.

Luteous ; labrum, clypeus, orbits of the eyes, a spot

behind the eyes, a line on pronotum, scutellar spots, and

a line on base of abdomen, bright yellow; the suture on

pleure, the greater part of metanotum and base of

abdomen, and a broad band, usually more or less inter-

rupted on middle segments, on back of abdomen, and the

sheath, deep black ; the four anterior coxe dark luteous,

more or less black and white ; hinder coxe black, spotted

with brown and white; trochanters pale, a black spot

beneath ; hinder tarsi with the joints more or less

fuscous. Wings hyaline; stigma white at the base.

Female. Length 33—4$ lin.

A Scotch specimen has the antenne entirely luteous,

and the black band on abdomen very faintly indicated,

the tarsi scarcely infuscated, the space surrounding the

ocelli, and the middle suture on mesonotum, black. An

with descriptions of new species. 571

English specimen is much darker coloured ; the black

band on abdomen is represented on segments 8—d

by a triangular black mark on each, but the black

extends all over the upper surface of the basal and

apical segments ; the hinder tibie and apex of femora

are fuscous, and the four apical joints of posterior

tarsi pale; the antenne pitchy, and the metapleure

are not altogether black.

A species intermediate between TJ’. inornatus and

nigriceps ; from the former it may be known by having

the metapleure black, the coxe blacker, and (as well as

the trochanters) more distinctly marked with white, the

antenne and spurs longer ; from the latter, by its longer

antenne and spurs, lighter-coloured antenne, luteous

tegule, pale trochanters, and entirely luteous femora.

Apparently rare in England and Scotland.

19. Tenthredopsis inornatus, n. 8.

Dark testaceous ; mandibles, clypeus, labrum, scutellar

spots, yellow; dorsum of abdomen with an interrupted

black band; hinder tarsi fuscous; apical joints of an-

tenn fuscous; vertex in centre, coxe, trochanters, and

hinder femora at base, and metapleure largely marked

with black. The middle suture on vertex is absent ;

there is no distinct furrow between the ocelli, only a de-

pressed space; frontal area depressed. Antennal fovea

wide. Wings hyaline ; stigma white at the base.

The male black; the labrum, clypeus, orbits of the

eyes broadly, tegule and edge of pronotum yellowish

white ; front coxz with a white spot on lower side; the

remainder, and the posterior coxe and base of femora,

black; trochanters pale, the rest of the legs and

abdomen reddish, except the apex and a band in the

centre of the latter, which are black. Length 44 lin.

Compared with 7’. nassatus, it is smaller ; the antenne

are shorter and thicker in the middle, with the third

joint longer in proportion to the fourth; the colour

is darker, the pubescence (especially on the mesonotum)

is denser, the hinder tarsi are shorter in proportion to

the tibiz, and the spurs shorter. Nassatus too wants the

black on the legs and pleure, and the head projects

more behind the eyes. Sordidus may be known from it

by its longer and thinner antenne; the colour of the

572 Mr. CameroM@ notes on Hymenoptera,

body is much brighter, the antennal fovea is deeper, but

the frontal area is not so clearly indicated, the clypeus is

more transverse at the apex, the base of the legs always

paler than the rest, and the pleure are marked with

yellow. Dorsivittatus may be known from it by the

black metathorax and cox, by the band on the abdomen

being broader at the base and more distinct throughout,

the band in inornatus being not much more than a

darkening in colour compared to the colour of the rest of

the abdomen.

Rare on birch in June. Bishopton, Rannoch.

20. T'. nassatus, Lin., non Thoms.

21. T’. sordidus, KI.

The following table will aid in the identification of our

species. I should add that I am not quite satisfied about

some of the names I have adopted from the older authors,

whose descriptions are not always clear, and the synonymy

is very confusing, owing to different species having been

described under the same name :—

A. Body for the greater part black.

I. Abdomen red at apex:

Legs entirely red, . : . cordatus.

Hind legs for the greater part black. femoratus.

II. Abdomen entirely black.

Legs red. . microcephalus.

Legs for the greater part black. . . caliginosus.

Ill. Abdomen red in the middle.

a. Pronotum and coxe entirely black.

1. Posterior femora black. F . nigricollis,

2. Legs red.

Antenne short; hinder knees black; the red on

abdomen not spotted with black. ignobilis.

Antenne longish ; the red on abdomen spotted

with black ; knees black. . nigronotatus.

. Pronotum, coxe, and femora lined with white;

the red on abdomen marked with black in the

centre.

1. Posterior femora black. ‘ . scutellaris.

2. Posterior femora red.

with descriptions of new species. 573

a. Clypeus deeply incised; tegula white. ornatus.

b. Clypeus truncated ; tegule black or fuscous; the

red on abdomen marked with black; a broad

yellow band on basal segment ; tegule black.

flavomaculatus.

The red on abdomen not marked with black; tegule

fuscous. . : ‘ . picticeps.

IV. Abdomen testaceous at the sides and beneath.

a. Head and thorax black ; a yellow line at base of

abdomen; hinder femora black. . . tristis.

b. Head more or less testaceous.

1. Thorax entirely black ; hinder femora black.

fulviceps.

2. Thorax lined with white on pronotum and

sides ; vertex for the greater part black ; meso-

pleure and sternum marked with brown spots.

lividiventris.

Vertex for the greater part testaceous ; meso-

pleure with a large white mark.

| albomaculatus.

B. Body for the greater part luteous.

1. Head below the ocelli and antenne deep black ;

hinder femora for the greater part black.

nigriceps.

II. Head below the ocelli luteous.

1. Mesopleura and sternum black ; coxe and base

of femora black. . ; : . Saundersi.

2. Mesopleura and sternum luteous.

a. Metapleura black. : : . dorsivittatus.

b. Metapleura luteous.

1. Coxe and sutures of meso- and metapleure

marked with black.

Calearia short; second recurrent nervure not

interstitiate. A ' : . inornatus.

Calcaria long ; second recurrent nervure inter-

stitiate. ‘ : 5 : . nassatus.

2. Coxe and sutures of pleure marked with yellow

and white. . ; : 5 . sordidus.

Tenthredopsis dorsatus, Spin.

Ings Lie, 15,017, pl. iv.,1. 1d.

This is a good species. It is very like ornatus, Lep.,

but is a broader and stouter-built insect, the antenne

574 Mr. Cameron’ s@@tcs on Hymenoptera,

are shorter and stouter, the abdomen has only four of

the segments red, the wings are fuscous, and the saw

is different. Otherwise the coloration is the same as

with ornatus.

Dr. Sharp found 7’. dorsatus in Spain.

Dolerus tinctipennis, n. 8.

Deep black, shining, covered on head and thorax with

a close white longish pubescence ; head roughly punc-

tured; the scutellum and middle lobe of mesonotum

clearly but not deeply, nor closely, the lateral lobes on

inner sides faintly, and on outer scarcely, punctured.

Sutures on vertex scarcely visible. Antenne not much

longer than the abdomen, the third jomt not much

thinner than the following, and one-fourth longer than the

fourth, which is a very little longer than the fifth ; the

joints from the fourth distinctly thickened, the two apical

a very little thinner than the preceding, but still thicker

than the third. Cenchri large, greyish white. Base of

abdomen smooth, impunctate. Wings with deep black

nervures and stigma; apical half in both wings fuscous,

inner half hyaline; accessory nervure in hind wings

shortly appendiculated. Spurs longish; four anterior

fuscous, posterior deep black. Length 33 lin.

The nearest ally of this species is D. Gesneri, André ;

but that species is much larger, has the antenne longer

and more filiform, the mesonotum more deeply and

uniformly punctured all over, and the wings not so

deeply fuscous in colour. The saw of tinctipennis and

Gesnert agrees with that of D. dubius, Kl., in having

the surface indented with cross-bars bearing teeth. See

Hartig, Blattw., pl. v., fig. 4a.

D. Gesneri, André, I found at Loch Awe last June.

The front legs are sometimes entirely black.

Dolerus megapterus, Ni. 8.

Black ; head and thorax opaque, densely covered all

over with a close longish grey pile, which gives these

parts a greyish appearance; closely punctured all over.

Antenne not much longer than the head and thorax,

short, thick, the last joint distinctly thinner than the

eighth, the third much longer than the fourth. Cenchri

with descriptions of new species. 575

dull grey. Abdomen smooth, shining, the basal seement

with a few scattered punctures; the sides and belly

covered with a whitish pubescence, which, however, is

not so long as that on the thorax. Wings almost hyaline,

large ; nervures and stigma black; transverse cubital,

radial, and recurrent nervures white in the middle;

transverse median nervure received before the middle of

the cellule; accessory nervure in hind wings almost

interstitiate. Length 43 lin.

Slightly larger than D. jfissus (cenchris), but the an-

tenne are shorter, thicker, and not so attenuated at the

apex, punctuation on mesonotum not so deep, while the

pile is longer and thicker, the transverse median nervure

is received nearer the base than apex of the cellule, the

contrary being the case with jissus, and the cenchri

smaller and dull grey. The saw too is differently in-

dented at the edge.

Manchester district.

Dolerus intermedius, n. 8.

Black, shining, covered with a short scattered pube-

scence. Head roughly punctured; sutures on vertex

distinct and very shining; the whole of the scutellum

and the middle lobe of mesonotum punctured; the

lateral lobes also punctured, but not so deeply and more

irregularly ; cenchri large, clear ivory-white. Abdomen

longer than the head and thorax, bulged out in the

middle, the basal segment impunctate, the following

finely shagreened, three basal segments glabrous, the

rest slightly pilose; blotch distinct. Antenne slightly

thickened in the middle, shorter than the abdomen, the

third joint a little longer than the fourth, the last

sharply conical. Spurs pale at the apex, the hinder pair

reaching to the middle of the metatarsus, which is pale,

curved at the base, and thickened at the apex, and

scarcely longer than the two succeeding joints. Wings

hyaline, slightly infuscated at the extreme apex, acces-

sory nervure in hind wings appendiculated; costa,

stigma, and nervures black, save the transverse nervures

and the lower part of stigma, which are milk-white. The

male has the head and thorax more deeply punctured,

the antenne thicker and as long as the abdomen and

half the thorax ; the third joint almost shorter than the

fourth. Length 33—4 lin.

576 Mr. Cameron’stes on Hymenoptera,

Agrees with varispinus, Htg., in having the lower part

of the stigma, recurrent and transverse nervures, white,

and in the form of the head; but it is smaller and

narrower, the punctuation on head and thorax is finer and

closer, cenchri larger and of a clearer white, the trans-

verse radial nervure is not received close to transverse

cubital, and the transverse nervures in posterior wings

are wider apart. As in varispinus, the base of hind

tarsi is generally white, but is occasionally black, and

the spurs are in some cases blackish, in others wholly

white. The saw is different from that of varispinus. It

is smaller, as a rule, than @neus.

Common and widely distributed.

From an extensive examination of the ovipositor in the

Tenthredinide, | have become convinced that its form

affords us an almost absolute test of specific distinctness,

and that its examination ought never to be neglected

when describing as new, any doubtful forms. This is no

doubt a troublesome proceeding, but it is certainly worth

the labour when we consider that it enables us to define

the limits of species to a very great extent indeed. I

think then that no apology is needed if I describe my

method of mounting and preserving the “saw” for

microscopic examination, the more especially as the

method can be applied to microscopic mounting generally.

With fresh specimens the saws can be extracted very

easily by pressing the abdomen, when they will be pro-

truded and readily extracted. With old specimens it can

be done equally well by placing the insect in a relaxing-

dish, or, more promptly, by steeping it in water for a day,

when they can be taken out in the same way as with

fresh insects, the only difficulty beimg experienced with

insects full of eggs. For their better examination the

four pieces composing the ovipositor proper should be

separated ; after which they must be steeped in turpentine

for a day or two so as to get rid of air. This is best done

by enclosing them in a small folded piece of paper ; and,

if they be properly labelled, many different preparations

can be placed in the turpentine-bottle together.*

* In the case of such organs as the mouth parts (palpi, &e.), I

find it an advantage, after dissection, and when they are ready for

mounting, to place the papers containing the preparation inside a

book for a day or so, as by doing so the parts retain their position

better, and are not so apt to curl up.

with descriptions of new species. 577

Next take a sheet of fine Bristol-board, and cut it up

into pieces, say twelve lines by nine, and punch, at one

end, a round or square hole four or five lines across. On

the lower side of this fasten, by means of Canadian balsam

dissolved in benzine, a microscopic cover glass. When

this has dried fill up half the cell thus formed with the

same composition, spreading it as evenly as possible,

and in it arrange your preparation. Put it aside for some

hours in a place where no dust will fall on it, then fill

the cell with enough balsam to run over the edge of the

cell, place a cover-glass over it, and press it down. All

that now requires to be done is to allow the preparation

to dry, taking special care to keep it flat, to label it, and

stick a pin through the card, by means of which it is

stuck in the cabinet alongside the insect from which the

part was taken. To examine it under the microscope, all

that is necessary to do is to place an ordinary glass slide

across the stage, and place the card on it, in doing which

it is not necessary to take the pin out of it, if a short pin

be used.

purposes is, that it does not necessitate the formation of

two distinct collections, which must be the case if dis-

sections are mounted on glass slides, which cannot, of

course, be placed alongside the insects. Besides that it

is cheaper, more expeditious, and safer ; for the cards are

so light that no injury comes to them from falling, or

getting loose in the box. If desired, a coloured ring can

be put round the top object-glass by the turn-table in the

ordinary way, but, except for ornament, I do not think it

necessary. I usually prepare two or three dozen of the

cards with one cover-glass on at a time, so as to have

them ready for use. I should add that the object of

letting the dissections harden in the cell half filled with

balsam is that three or four separate parts may be

arranged in the most suitable way in the same cell with-

out fear of their being disarranged or injured when the

top cover-glass is put on, while both might happen if the

whole operation was performed at once. I need scarcely

add that the old barbarous method of using the undi-

luted balsam—a process requiring the aid of a lamp—will

not apply here.

For the examination of the saws I find a quarter-inch

objective the best ; the teeth in some cases are so fine that

they are apt to be overlooked if lower powers are used.

TRANS. ENT. SOc. 1881.—PaRT IV. (DEC.) 4K

(679)

XXXVI. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan.* By A. G.

Butuer, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &e.

[Read November 2nd, 1881.]

PYRALES anv MICROS.

HYPENIDA.

141. Hypena rivuligera, n. 8.

Fuliginous-brown ; wings with a marginal series of

linear black dots; a testaceous line at the base of the

fringe, which is also spotted externally with pale yellow ;

primaries darker than secondaries, crossed from costa

almost to inner margin by a very irregular lilacine sub-

basal line; two parallel, very irregularly-sinuated discal

lilacine lines; costal area irrorated at intervals with

whity brown scales; under surface paler fuliginous-

brown ; fringe spotted with blackish, and traversed by a

dusky line ; primaries with greyish white external area ;

expanse of wings, 1 inch 2 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Allied to the Indian H. lacessalis of Walker.

142. Gisira hercules, n. 8.

Pale fuliginous-brown, with faint cupreous reflections ;

wings with the usual undulated outer margin ; fringe

orey, with a whity-brown undulated line at its base; a

submarginal series of black dots; primaries with a broad

transverse belt scarcely paler than the ground colour just

before the middle, bounded on each side by a dusky-

edged distinctly paler line, the outer line interrupted by

the reniform spot, which is pale, ill-defined internally,

but black-edged externally ; a scarcely perceptible discal

series of pale spots, half-way between which and the

outer margin is an irregularly-sinuated macular black

* Concluded from p. 426, ante.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PART Iv. (DEC.)

580 Mr. A. G. B@ffer’s Descri ptions of new

line limiting the external border, which is slightly paler

than the ground colour; secondaries crossed by two

ill-defined dusky angulated discal stripes ; under surface

whity brown; fringe and submarginal dots as above ;

primaries crossed near the base by a diffused greyish

band, an ill-defined line followed by a stripe of the same

colour across the middle, and a diffused subangulated

discal band; secondaries with a grey-edged lunate spot

at the end of the cell, and an arched grey central line ;

expanse of wings, 2 inches 1 line.

Tokei (Fenton).

HERMINIIDA.

1438. Rivula subrosea, n. s.

Has the general aspect of an Acidalia; white, sparsely

speckled with dark brown ; wings above with dull rosy

external borders terminating in a ferruginous marginal

line ; a submarginal series of pale-edged black spots ;

fringe yellowish, traversed by two ferruginous lines ;

primaries crossed before the middle by an arched pale

yellow stripe, and beyond the middle by a transverse

stripe slightly elbowed towards the costa; both of these

stripes are imperfectly edged with brown ; between them

is a black irregular spot representing the reniform spot ;

a black dot representing the orbicular spot is within the

cell; the costal border from the second stripe to near the

apex is spotted with brown; a slightly irregular discal

series of black spots; secondaries with the rosy tint of

the external area diffused over the greater part of the

wing-surface ; two ill-defined, brownish-edged pale discal

lines; head and collar brown, thorax white, abdomen

whity brown; wings below widely suffused with rosy

ferruginous; internal areas pale creamy yellowish ; a

submarginal series of black dots ; body below pale creamy

yellowish ; anterior cox slightly reddish ; expanse of

wings, 9 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

The Bleptina dimissalis of Walker, the type of which

was from Swan River, Australia, was obtained at Tokei

by Mr. Fenton; it is allied to Hydrillodes subbasalis

of Moore, and identical with Bocana metisalis, W1k.

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 581

144. Locastra elegans, n. 8.

Fuliginous-brown ; wings with bronzy reflections ;

primaries with a broad central area slightly tinted with

greenish in certain lights, bounded at basal fourth by a

slightly oblique black line, enclosing two black discoidal

spots, and bounded outwardly by an arched and elbowed

black discal line at external third; a marginal series

of black spots ; fringe pale, with whitish basal line and

dusky spots ; secondaries pale, excepting along the apical

border, the discoidal area opaline white ; fringe whitish,

traversed by a dusky stripe; anal tuft whity brown ;

under surface almost exactly as in L. amica ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 4 lines.

Yokohama (Jonas).

This species is so much more elegant in shape than

its congeners, that until lately I failed to discover its

affinities, and consequently it remained undescribed ; its

position is between L. amica and L. inimica.

145. Saraca costinotata, n. s.

Pale olivaceous-brown; basal area of primaries, a

broad band just beyond the middle, and an external

angular snow-white costal spot at apical third followed

by a minute white dot ; fringe short, grey, with a whitish

basal line; secondaries with the basal three-fifths and

the external border slaty grey ; under surface pale bronzy

brown, with greyish opaline tints in certain lights ; pri-

maries with two white costal dots towards apex ; expanse

of wings, 1 inch 1 line.

Yokohama (fH. Pryer).

Allied to S. trimantesalis (Hgnasia trimantesalis, W1k.,

which sbould be placed in Saraca).

146. Saraca subviolacea, n. s.

Greyish brown, with a faint violet gloss; wings with a

slender pale-edged marginal black line; primaries with a

slender abbreviated black line across the base of the

costal border, a sinuous black stripe across the basal

third, a rather broad elbowed black band, with sinuated

582 My. A. G. Butts Descriptions of new

outer edge; just beyond the middle, a pyramidal sub-

apical costal black patch separated from the angulated

portion of the post-median band by a short oblique

lilacine dash ; the outer edge of this patch is minutely

sinuated and very narrowly edged with whitish, its apex,

which is necessarily directed downwards, is connected by

means of a series of inconspicuous blackish dots with

the inner margin; secondaries crossed just before the

middle by a black-edged dusky band, a narrower sinuous

band just beyond it across the dise ; a small black dot at

the end of the cell; primaries below olivaceous-brown,

with ochreous costal border; edge of costal margin

longitudinally streaked with black; internal area pale

silvery greyish ; frmge grey, with pale yellow basal line ;

two parallel transverse discal grey lines, the outer one

bounded by a line of creamy yellowish scales ; secondaries

whity brown; a marginal series of very slender oliva-

ceous lunate lines with whitish external edges; fringe

dark grey ; two discal lines as in the primaries ; body

below whitish in the centre ; expanse of wings, 1 inch

3 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

147. Hgnasia vasava, n. 8.

Reminds one of Antigonus vasava (Hesperiide) ; pri-

maries above with the basal fourth mouse-grey, crossed

and bounded by two slender irregular white lines;

immediately beyond is a very broad irregular belt, grey,

with narrow internal and broad external olivaceous

borders ; discoidal spots inconspicuous, ferruginous ; the

outer border of the central belt is acutely angulated on

the lower radial vein, and bounded externally by a white

line and a squamose triangular white costal patch; a

rather broad olivaceous discal band separated from an

equally broad grey external border by a slender undulated

whitish line; costal margin beyond the central belt

alternately brown and white; a blackish-edged ferru-

ginous stripe occupies the basal half of the fringe,

which is otherwise white, interrupted at the angles of the

wing by black-edged grey spots; secondaries with the

basal third grey; a rather broad externally undulated

black-bordered olivaceous band before the middle enclos-

ing four conspicuous white spots at the end of the cell,

three of which spots are larger than the fourth, and

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 583

form a triangle only separated by a slender Y-shaped

black character; immediately beyond is a rather broad

dentated black-edged grey band, its outer edging im-

perfect and formed by the confluence of a series of conical

black spots edged externally with white ; external area

greyish olivaceous, inclining to reddish internally ;

fringe as in the primaries; body above grey; wings

below altogether paler, greyer, irrorated with white,

the markings ill-defined ; a slender black marginal line,

disco-cellulars indicated in black ; body whitish ; expanse

of wings, 1 inch 1 line.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

Most nearly allied to H. athemonalis and . porphyrea.

148. Olybama japonica, 0. 8.

General aspect of O. thelephusalis; primaries above

lilacine grey ; basal half of costal border marked with

three equidistant black spots, between the third of which

and the inner margin is a broad diffused blackish brown

band ; a subapical white-edged zigzag blackish line from

costal margin to upper radial vein; a black spot on

inner margin close to external angle ; a marginal series

of black dots; fringe grey, with « slender white basal

line; secondaries pale brownish grey; an externally

white-edged diffused grey streak from anal angle to the

middle of the disc ; a slender black marginal line ; fringe

as in primaries ; thorax lilacine grey ; abdomen whitish,

crossed by grey bands; under surface of wings pale

sericeous-grey ; a marginal series of black dots; fringe

white ; primaries with a grey-edged creamy costal patch

towards apex ; secondaries, when seen with a lens, white,

minutely irrorated with grey ; a black lunule at the end

of the cell; an externo-discal series of subconfluent grey

spots ; body below sordid white ; tarsi dark grey, banded

with cream colour; expanse of wings, 11 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

149. Meranda inconspicua, n. 8.

Primaries above pale chocolate-colour ; costal margin

dotted with white; an oblique brown-edged whitish line

from basal two-fifths of inner margin to the end of the

cell, where there is an irregular slaty grey spot ; a second

584 Mr. A. G. Buffs Descriptions of new

oblique line from external fourth of inner margin to

costa near apex; the upper extremity of this line is

washed with grey; fringe traversed by a snow-white

line ; secondaries whity brown, with diffused darker outer

border ; fringe with a slender yellowish basal line and a

white line close to its outer edge; thorax above choco-

late-colour ; abdomen whity brown ; under surface cream-

coloured, the legs above and the borders of the wings

washed with sandy yellow; primaries with white internal

area ; costa dotted with white ; secondaries silvery white

towards the abdominal area; costal area irrorated with

testaceous, an indistinct discal line of the same colour ;

fringe of all the wings whitish, traversed by a grey

stripe ; expanse of wings, 9 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

ENNYCHIIDA.

150. Pyrausta chrysitis, n. s.

Wings above black-brown, with golden reflections ;

fringe stramineous, becoming blackish towards the anal

angles ; primaries with some ochreous atoms towards the

base; a small oval ochreous spot just beyond the middle

of the interno-median interspace, and a large almost

diamond-shaped spot at the end of the cell; secondaries

with an abbreviated central ochreous band; body

blackish ; abdomen with the edges of the segments and

the anal tuft white; primaries below with the interno-

basal area silvery white, base yellow, secondaries with the

band continued to the abdominal margin ; all the wings

with a slender whitish marginal line ; pectus silvery ;

palpi and legs creamy white; venter grey, banded with

white ; expanse of wings, 9 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Nearly allied to P. phanicealis, of Europe, but smaller,

darker, and more uniformly coloured.

151. Pyrausta unipunctata, un. s.

Dark purplish brown; primaries with a subapical

costal ochreous spot or transverse dash; secondaries

with the fringe slightly touched at the tips with white ;

primaries below with the subapical spot larger and

paler than above ; the interno-basal border white ; pectus

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 585

pale brown, neck and legs whitish; expanse of wings,

84 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

Nearest to P. pygmealis of Europe, but larger, the

fringes not white, and the band wanting from the

secondaries.

152. Ennychia diversa, n. s.

3. Very near to EL. luctualis of Kurope, as large as

the female of that species; the white markings of a

bluer tint, the spot on the primaries more elongated,

cup-shaped, the band of secondaries broader and more

distinctly rectangular externally ; on the under surface

the indistinctly greyish areas of H. luctualis are silvery

white in the Japanese form; expanse of wings, 1 inch

1 line.

Hakodaté (H. Whitely)*.

I have long hesitated to name this insect on account of

its close resemblance to the European species ; there can,

however, be very little doubt that it is distinct.

HYDROCAMPIDA.

158. Cataclysta midas, n. 8s.

Above silvery white; wings with black-edged bright

ochreous bands; primaries with the costal border clay-

coloured almost to the third-fourth, imperfectly divided

by whitish spots into three equal parts; an oblique

interno-basal clay-coloured dash ; the external two-thirds

would be most intelligibly described as bright ochreous

with black-edged silvery white markings as follows: a

triangular spot at the end of the cell, an irregular angu-

lated patch below it, a dot on each side of the latter

upon the inner margin; an oblique abbreviated and

slightly tapering band beyond the cell and a narrower

tapering submarginal band or stripe; fringe silvery,

traversed by a leaden-grey line; secondaries. with a

blackish-edged ochreous spot at the end of the cell and

a falciform band of the same colours from the middle of

the cell to the internal nervure; an abbreviated black-

edged discal area irrorated with blackish scales and

* Owing to a misprint this name is incorrectly spelt with an ein

some of my earlier papers.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—paRtT IV. (DEC.) 4G

586 Mr. A. G. Bilffer’s Descriptions of new

bounded externally and at the extremities by a marginal

ochreous band, on which are five conspicuous black spots

speckled with plumbageous scales ; fringe greyish, with

a dark grey basal line ; shoulders, tips of tegule, and a

series of abdominal bands, pale brown ; under surface

somewhat as above, but tbe markings less defined ;

coxe and femora brownish at the sides; knees and

extremities of anterior tibie black; expanse of wings,

1 inch 2 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Nearest to C. dominalis of South India.

154. Paraponyx turbata, n. s.

Primaries with the basal two-thirds white mottled with

brown, crossed at basal two-fifths by a slender black-

edged dentate-sinuate white line, and bounded by a

similar line; disc brown; a black-edged submarginal

white line, abruptly sinuated just below the apex; ex-

ternal border dull ochreous; a slender black marginal

line; fringe whity brown, traversed by a grey line;

secondaries white, with a spot near the base of the

abdominal border, a subbasal band, two convergent

slender central lines, between which is a spot at the end

of the cell, and a discal band smoky brown ; external

border and fringe as in primaries ; body brown; under

surface white ; wings sordid, mottled with pale brown, a

marginal series of white-edged black dots; expanse of

wings, 10 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

One slightly-worn example is all that Mr. Pryer has

sent of this very distinct species.

SPILOMELIDA.

155. Pagyda quadrilineata, n. s.

Allied to P. amphisalis (Botys amphisalis, W1k.), with

which it has been confounded, but larger and with four

instead of five lines across the primaries; shining

ochreous ; wings witha slender brown marginal line, the

fringe ochreous at base and traversed by a testaceous

stripe, outer half of fringe white, tipped with grey on

the secondaries; primaries crossed by four nearly

straight and almost equidistant slightly convergent dark

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 587

testaceous lines, the third of which does not reach the

inner margin; secondaries crossed by two oblique

central parallel lines, a third abbreviated transverse line

crossing the disc; costal area whitish; palpi, back of

thorax, and margins of abdominal segments white; a

black longitudinal spot on the last segment ; under surface

pale shining stramineous, the markings only visible

through the texture of the wings; expanse of wings,

1 inch to 1 inch 2 lines.

Yokohama (Jonas) ; Tokei (Fenton).

Until I had seen a series of this species I supposed it

to be avariety of P. amphisalis ; the general appearance

is similar, although in that insect (of which we have four

examples) the five lines on the primaries are all carried

across the wing, and the two last unite at their extremities

so as to inclose a fusiform area.

BOTIDID.

156. Botyodes insignis, n. 8.

g. Wings even more elongated and narrower than

in B. ussurialis; greyish brown, with pale cupreous

reflections ; primaries with the centre of the costal

border ochreous, two unequal subquadrate pale yellow

spots confluent with the ochreous costal border; an

extremely slender whitish marginal line ; fringe traversed

by a pale stripe; head and posterior margins of the

abdominal segments yellow ; wings below paler, whitish

towards the base ; body below pale buff, inner surface of

femora pearly white ; knees of anterior and middle pairs

of legs black ; tibie of anterior legs banded in the centre

with grey ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 6 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

PSEUDEBULBEA, N. g.

Aspect of Hbulea, but with a more robust body, thicker

palpi and antenne ; the wings glossy and subopaline ;

anterior legs short and robust.

157. Pseudebulea yenton, n. s.

Primaries above greyish brown, with a purplish gloss

in certain lights ; basal half irregularly spotted with pale

yellow, scarcely darker than cream-colour, disco-cellulars

588 Mr. A. G. Bugiter’s Descriptions of new

of the same colour, >-shaped; a large irregular patch

or abbreviated band of pale yellow just beyond the cell,

and confluent with a pale ochreous streak occupying the

central third of the costal border; a subapical conical

spot, ochreous upon the costal border, pale yellow below

it ; outer border and fringe irregularly pale stramineous ;

a marginal series of minute blackish dots; secondaries

pale creamy yellow, opaline; a spot at the end of the

cell, an irregular oblique subapical stripe ; an abbreviated

stripe, from the inner margin to the first median branch,

the apex and a marginal line smoky brown; fringe

traversed by a greyish line, blackish at anal angle ; head

and thorax smoky brown, crest, under surface of -an-

tenn, and their outer half above, pale stramineous ;

abdomen grey, anal tuft cream-coloured ; wings below

paler and more pearly than above, markings partly

obsolete, otherwise as above ; body below white; legs

pearly white; anterior coxe and femora banded with

grey, anterior tibiew with black ; expanse of wings, 1 inch

2 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

The position of this pretty little species is apparently

next to the New World genus Homophysa.

158. Anemosa pryeri, . 8.

Pale bronze-brown, washed with grey; wings crossed

by an arched discal black line, and with black fringe ;

primaries with the centre of costal border and the area

between the cell and the discal line rust-red; a blackish

arched line across the basal third and a small blackish

disco-cellular lunule ; primaries below shining greyish

brown ; costa and a broad externally black-edged arched

band beyond the cell whity brown ; secondaries sordid

white, shining; an arched slender dusky discal line;

body below and legs pearly white; expanse of wings,

9 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

The genus Anemosa is nearly allied to Mecyna, from

which it chiefly differs in its more acuminate primaries

and the greater distance between the first and second

median branches of the secondaries ; the three species

hitherto recorded are from Australia, New Zealand, and

the Hawaiian Islands,

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 589

AAGERIIDA.

159. Sphecia rhynchiotides, n. s.

Aspect of Rhynchium brunneum (an East Indian wasp) ;

wings asin S. dasypodiformis, hyaline yellowish white ;

the veins and costa black, on the primaries with slender

longitudinal red lines; the disco-cellulars of primaries

red externally ; internervular folds and a marginal series

of spots continuous with them golden buff; fringe brown ;

secondaries with the fringe brown, spotted with white ;

head orange, subopaline, with black posterior margin ;

antennz black, reddish at the tips; anterior half of

thorax and tegule clothed with long appressed ochreous

hair; collar and back of thorax purplish black, almost

crossed behind by a transverse orange stripe ; a second

orange stripe along the posterior edge of the metathorax ;

abdomen with the two basal segments black, edged behind

with orange, the three following segments dark orange

edged with black, penultimate segment wholly orange ;

legs black, banded with dull ochreous ; wings below with

the veins and borders (excepting the costal border

of primaries, which is purplish black) dull golden;

fringe of secondaries purplish black; body below blackish,

with lateral ochreous spots; expanse of wings, 1 inch

4 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

This is one of the best imitations of a wasp that I

have seen; when seen in profile the conjunction of

the black collar with the ordinarily-formed blackish eye

of the moth accurately copies the more elongated eye of

the wasp.

GALLERIIDA.

CATAPROSOPUS, N. g.

Allied to Lamacha and Murgisca; wings ample,

geometriform, with obtusely angulated outer margins ;

secondaries with the apex prominent; costal vein of

primaries below with a long fringe almost covering the

discoidal cell; body moderately robust; palpi long and

deflexed, tufted at the base, divergent; antenne simple,

rather short; genitalia prominent,

590 Mr. A. G. But@r’s Descriptions of new

160. Cataprosopus monstrosus, Ni. 8.

Whity brown, irrorated with black scales; wings

crossed by an obtusely angulated slender black line

parallel to the outer margin ; fringe blackish ; primaries

with fuliginous costal border; an oblique black line

across the basal third ; discoidal spots small, blackish ;

a greyish nebula below the cell half-way between the two

black lines; secondaries greyish towards the abdominal

margin ; thorax greyish; palpi fuliginous; under sur-

face paler and more sericeous than the upper surface,

the markings less distinct; primaries with no line at

basal third; anterior tibiz banded above with black;

palpi pale below ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 3 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

CRAMBIDA.

161. Hromene expansa, 0.8.

3,2. Closely allied to E. bella of Europe, but con-

siderably larger; the wings broader in proportion; the

primaries whiter, with the fringe alternately metallic-

silver, embossed, and white ; secondaries with the fringe

of the same pale bronzy brown as the remainder of the

surface ; expanse of wings—male 9, female 13 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

E. bella expands about 8 lines in the male and 9 in the

female; the costal and inner margins of the primaries

are also straight in that species, whereas in I. expansa

they are distinctly convex ; the male of the latter species,

so far as can be judged from a rather rubbed example,

seems to differ from that sex of HK. bella, and from its

own female, in having a simple orange stripe in place of

the three stripes (orange and metallic silver) across

the primaries.

162. Argyria candida, n.s.

Silvery white; primaries with convex metallic-silver

fringe, showing in certain lights a whitish-bordered grey

line ; a slender orange marginal line, on which is a series

of minute black dots; a 38-shaped gravel-brown marking

across the apex; a very slender and widely arched

externo-discal line of the same colour, elbowed upon the

first median branch, and a slightly smuated oblique

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 591

stripe just before the middle, angulated and acutely

recurved upon the costal border ; secondaries without

markings, excepting a slender greyish line upon the

fringe ; thorax with a semicircular gravel-brown marking

behind the head; primaries below pale bronze-brown,

excepting the externo-discal area, which, however, is in-

terrupted by a brown spot at apex; markings of the

upper surface indistinct; frimge tarnished metallic-

silvery ; secondaries with an abbreviated brown sub-

apical line; otherwise as above ; legs brown ; expanse

of wings, 9 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Nearest to A. eroceivittella (Urola crocewittella, WI1k.),

from Rio Janeiro.

163. Apurima fulvosparsa, Ni. 8.

Silvery white; primaries with a black dot at the

inferior angle of the cell; external area of the wing

sprinkled with ochreous scales, which, above the lower

radial, form two convergent lines, the inner one sig-

moidal, the outer one straight; apical margin slightly

tinted with ochreous ; under surface without markings ;

body cream-coloured ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 1 line.

Tokei (Fenton).

TORTRICIDA.

164. Steganoptycha granitals, 0. 8.

General appearance and coloration of S. nevana of

Europe, but the white markings more sharply defined,

all of them being bounded internally by black lines ;

ground colour of primaries whity brown, the second-

fourth of costal area, a broad oblique belt from beyond

the cell to the inner or dorsal margin, and the apical

third silvery white, flecked here and there and edged

internally with black ; costa crossed by the usual short

oblique black dashes ; secondaries sreyish brown ; frons

and apex of palpi snow-white ; vertex of head black ;

pack of head and thorax ochraceous; abdomen pale

brown ; under surface shining grey; expanse of wings,

7 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Apparently most nearly allied to S. fetorivorans from

the Hawaiian Islands.

592 Mr. A. G. Buffers Descriptions of new

TINEIDA.

165. Nemotois aurifera, n. 8.

Tinachma (Adela) fasciella, Motschulsky (nec fasciellus,

Fabr.) ; Bull. Mosc. 1866, p. 39.

Allied to N. raddellus of Europe, about the same size

and form, but the primaries golden, clouded towards the

costa and on the disk with reddish cupreous, the costal

border ultramarine-blue ; a slightly sinuous bluish-bor-

dered slender yellow transverse band just beyond the

middle, and a large circular patch of pale yellow scales

upon the disc, and rather nearer to the apex than the

external angle ; secondaries smoky brown, with a slight

purplish gloss ; wings below brown, shot with purple, and

with a golden marginal line; band of primaries less

prominent than above ; internal border paler, with silvery

marginal line; expanse of wings, 9 lines.

Yokohama (Jonas).

Also somewhat like Adela degeerella.

166. Nemotois paradisea, n. 8.

Nearest to N. decisella; primaries sparkling brassy

golden, crossed before the middle by a broad ochreous

belt, bounded on each side by a metallic-silver band ;.

base of costal border purplish; secondaries bronzy brown;

head yellow, antenne with the basal two-fifths black, the

remainder sordid white ; thorax plumbageous ; abdomen

pale shining brown; wings below bronzy brown ; pri-

maries purplish towards the costa, band of upper surface

indistinct, shining like the rest of the wing, but yellowish

white rather than ochreous; silver bands obsolete;

secondaries with sordid whitish fringe; body below pale

brown ; palpi ochreous ; anterior legs slightly cupreous ;

expanse of wings, 8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

This and N. decisella are rather broad-winged species ;

even more so than N. violella.

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 598

HYPONOMEUTID ?

PSECADIOIDES, N. g.

Aspect and form of Psecadia (bipunctella); rather

broader ; neuration of primaries chiefly differing in the

emission of the first subcostal branch near to the base

instead of from the middle of the cell; secondaries with

the disco-cellulars more transverse ; owing to the greater

breadth of the wings the discoidal cells are shortened ;

palpi more like those of Ypsolophus, longer and broader

than in Psecadia, densely scaled, but less so than in

Ypsolophus, and with shorter terminal joint; antenne

thick, with very robust basal joint.

But for the form of the wings, which is decidedly

more like Psecadia, I should have placed this genus next

to Ypsolophus, to which indeed it may have greater

affinities.

167. Psecadioides aspersus, n. 8.

Primaries greyish brown, with greenish reflections,

and spotted with black; costal border mottled with

silvery white ; an irregular oblique band across the basal

fourth, a triangular patch at external angle, and a rather

irregular external border confluent with the external

patch silvery white; a marginal series of black dots ;

secondaries bronze-brown; head and thorax white ;

centre of prothorax in front and shoulders bronze-

brown; abdomen bronze-brown; under surface brown ;

pectus silvery, with the legs brown; abdomen sordid

white, brownish at anal extremity ; expanse of wings,

1 inch.

Tokei (Fenton).

GELECHIIDA.

168. Eretmocera ignipicta, n. 8.

Purplish black ; primaries with a very broad carmine

subcostal streak from near the base to the outer margin,

where it meets a narrow stripe of the same colour,

which runs round the margin half-way to the base ;

secondaries dark bronzy brown ; head shining, smooth,

plumbageous ; thorax showing fiery cupreous points in

certain lights ; abdomen with extremely narrow orange

posterior margins to the segments ; under surface bronzy

brown ; primaries cupreous towards the base, purplish

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—parT Iv. (DEC.) 4H

ov4 Mr. A. G. BRHMr’s Descriptions of new

towards the apex, and with purple costal margin ; pectus,

as seen between the large coxe, brilliant opaline ; legs

slightly opaline along the centre of the inferior mavr-

gins; the long setose antenne, and the spines and

bristles upon the le 78, black; expanse of wings, 8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

A very beautiful little species of this singular genus.

PTEROPHORIDA.

169. Aciptilus vilis, n. s.

Size of A. xanthodactylus ; wings above whity brown,

the lobes of primaries minutely irrorated with black ;

the fringes spotted with white, inferior fringe of upper

lobe almost wholly white; costal border snow-white ;

two black-brown marginal spots beyond the middle of the

costa; a >-shaped black marking with white outer

border at the end of the cell; body snow-white; under

surface pale shining whity brown ; fringes varied with

white ; a white- edged brown >- shaped marking at the

end of each discoidal cell; primaries with narrow white

costal margin ; blackish spots as above; body white ;

expanse of wings, 10 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

A very distinct species of this somewhat unsatisfactory

eroup of moths; the affinities of the Pterophoride seem

to have been long a problem to Entomologists, their

narrow bodies and long spiny legs being somewhat

similar in general appearance to those of the Pyrales,

whilst the palpi are, as a rule, extremely short; the

larve are hairy, like those of tropical Zygenide, but the

pupa is suspended without a cocoon.

For any Lepidopterist, without evidence, to place the

Pterophoride (not Alucitide, which, I believe, are not

really allied to them) near the Zygenide would probably

be regarded as almost criminal by Entomologists gene-

rally; and, although the tropical American genera

Horama and Mastigocera seem to exhibit some affinities

to the Pterophoride, and the venation of the secondaries

in males of Androcharta somewhat reminds one of them,

I still feel that more positive evidence is necessary before

locating them there myself; although, unless some

happier suggestion can be made, I fear that this is where

they will eventually have to settle down. The Alucitide

seem to me more nearly allied to the Deltoids.

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 595

SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIES.

LITHOSIIDA.

170. dAimene minuta, n. 8.

Smoky grey, with blackish veins ; primaries with a

small black reniform spot at the end of the cell; a

broad whitish transverse belt before the middle; vertex

of head whitish ; under surface of wings uniformly smoky

grey ; legs whitish internally ; venter whity brown; ex-

panse of wings, 7 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

ARCTIIDA.

171. Pharetra leucoptera, n. 8.

Primaries above nearly asin P. rumicis of Europe ;

secondaries creamy white, the base suffused with smoky

brown ; abdominal border brown ; external border broad,

black-brown, with bronze reflections, its inner edge

zigzag; a white marginal spot on the interno-median

interspace ; fringe white, sericeous ; body almost as in

P. rumicis, but more robust; the thorax grey, streaked

with black; abdomen smoky brown; primaries below

greyish brown, the costal border densely irrorated with

pale buff, and spotted beyond the middle with blackish ;

a spot at the end of the cell, and the external border

slightly darker than the ground colour; inner border

white ; fringe white, speckled with black ; secondaries

snow-white ; costal area speckled with blackish ; a mar-

ginal blackish border nearly as above ; fringe white ;

body sordid white; tarsi black, banded with white ;

expanse of wings, 1 inch 10 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

Apparently allied to ‘‘ Acronycta” lutea of Bremer.

LIMACODIDA.

172. Aphendala sericea, n. 8.

Pale sordid sandy brown or stone-colour, sericeous ;

primaries crossed in the middle by a very slightly angu-

lated oblique blackish line, which unites close to costa

with a widely-arched discal line running to the first

median branch, where it turns abruptly inwards for a

596 Mr. A. G. Bygttr’s Descriptions of new

short distance, then bends again and runs obliquely to

inner margin parallel to the inner line; fringe dusky ;

secondaries with creamy yellowish abdominal border ;

fringe tipped with blackish ; body distinctly greyer than

the wings ; under surface sordid sandy yellowish ; wings

sericeous ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 2 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

DREPANULIDA.

173. Drepana acuta, n. s.

Nearly allied to D. curvatula of Europe, but much

larger, and of a more uniform redder colour above ; below

with the lines less distinct ; otherwise similar ; expanse

of wings, 1 inch 6—9 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Our examples of D. cwrvatula measure 1 inch 2—4

lines in expanse.

NOTODONTIDA.

PLATYCHASMA, 0. g.

Allied to Lophopteryx, but differing in having the

costal margin of the primaries, from the base almost to

the middle, projecting (like a shelf) beyond the true

margin of the wing; the projecting lobe of the imner

margin nearer to the base, as in Microdonta, the outer

margin very feebly dentated; the subcostal branches of

the secondaries forming a longer fork.

174. Platychasma virgo, n. s.

White, sericeous ; primaries with a black dot at basal

sixth of costa, a second in the cell just beyond the

middle, a black <-shaped marking on the disco-cellulars ;

a large gravel-yellow patch, crossed by an abbreviated

black dentate-sinuate line near base of inner margin, and

extending into the projecting lobe, and an oblique gravel-

yellow band, diffused internally and bounded externally

by a slender zigzag black line, crossing the wing beyond

the middle; secondaries slightly sordid towards outer

margin ; under surface white ; expanse of wings, 1 inch

5 lines.

Tokei (Fenton),

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 597

175. Phalera fuscescens, n. 8.

Allied to P. assimilis of Bremer (P. ningpoana of

Felder) ; but much larger, with broader wings, and a

much broader cream-coloured apical patch on the pri-

maries, a distinct white spot at the end of the cell on the

same wings; primaries above with the costal half grey,

excepting at apex, where there is a large irregular cream-

coloured patch bounded internally by a blackish lunulate

and angular line, which crosses the disc, and externally

by an irregularly dentated line; upon this patch is a

transverse series of ochreous spots ; internal half silvery

white, irrorated with grey, and a spot of the same is at

the end of the cell; an irregular black line across the

basal fourth; a submarginal series of <-shaped black

markings, those towards apex bounding two small

ochraceous spots; a slender black marginal line; fringe

ferruginous, speckled with white ; a dusky patch close to

anal angle; secondaries pale fuliginous; fringe ferru-

cinous, spotted with white between the veins; body as in

P. bucephala ; under surface sordid cream-colour ; pri-

maries widely washed with grey, which is darkest on the

discoidal area; secondaries with a stripe across the

middle and an anal patch and diffused submarginal streak

erey; outer margins of all the wings dusky, and the

fringe ferruginous, spotted with white ; palpi ferruginous,

blackish at the base ; legs fuliginous, tarsi banded with

white ; expanse of wings, 2 inches 7 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

This species and P. assimilis may at once be dis-

tinguished from the European forms by their smoky

secondaries; in this respect they approach the Indian type

of Phalera.

ENNOMIDA.

176. Calcaritis oberthueri, n.s.

Whity brown, speckled with olive-brown and black ;

primaries with the base of costal border and an angular

stripe across the basal fourth black or dark brown ; disco-

cellulars black ; two very irregular undulated blackish or

dark brown stripes beyond the middle, beyond which the

dise is white; anoval black patch in the centre of the second

median interspace, interrupting the second post-median

stripe; external border blackish or olivaceous-brown,

interrupted at apex and on second median interspace,

598 Mr. A. G. Budi@r’s Descriptions of new

and spotted with white ; secondaries crossed at basal and

external thirds by more or less defined undulated blackish

or brown lines, between which is a series of more or less

defined blackish spots; a white discal band; external

border blackish or brown, more or less interrupted ; body

with a double dorsal series of blackish spots; thorax

greyish ; under surface altogether paler than the upper

surface ; expanse of wings, 1 inch 5—8 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

_ Ihave named this singular species after the author of

the genus.

BOARMIIDA.

177. Tephrosia noctivolans, n. 8.

Pale smoky brown, speckled with black; primaries

crossed in the middle by a broad white band, speckled

with black towards costa, bounded externally by a dentate-

sinuate black line, and crossed in the middle by a similar

line (which is however interrupted by a semicircular

black-edged spot at the end of the cell); basal area

spotted with black ; external area crossed by two some-

what confluent undulated black stripes ; the outer stripe

bordered with grey, which, however, is replaced by white

on the median interspaces and towards apex ; secondaries

with the basal two-thirds white, densely speckled with

black, and limited externally by the outer of two parallel

central dentate-smuate black lines; a pale submarginal

dentate-sinuate line with dusky inner border, and corre-

sponding with the outer black stripe on the external area

of the primaries, but far less distinct ; all the wings with

a slender black marginal line, and a more or less defined

blackish stripe on the fringe; thorax paler than the

abdomen, the latter with whitish hind margins to the

segments ; wings below creamy white, speckled with grey,

especially at the end of the cell and on the external area

of the primaries ; a bisinuated grey discal band on these

wings ; body pale buff, speckled with grey ; expanse of

wings, 1 inch 5 lines.

Tokei (Fenton).

Somewhat resembles Boarmia contiguata, Moore ; it is

an unusually clearly-marked species,

Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. 599

FIDONIIDA.

178. Bupalus mirandus, n. s.

Black ; primaries with a pyriform interno-basal spot ;

a large triangular central patch, a discal oblique series of

very unequal patches and dots, and an oblique dash at

centre of outer margin, snow-white; costal margin

speckled with ochreous ; secondaries greyish towards the

base ; a narrow transverse band just before the middle ;

a broader discal band parallel to it, and an oblique dash

at centre of outer margin, snow-white; head in front

ochreous; collar grey, yellow on the shoulders; abdominal

segments margined with white ; wings below with mark-

ings as above, but the black portions more or less irrorated

with pale yellow, especially on the costal borders ; body

below white, irrorated with grey, especially on the venter,

which consequently appears to be grey, banded with

white; palpi ochreous; tibie and tarsi yellowish ; expanse

of wings, 1 inch 5 lines.

Yokohama (H. Pryer).

LIGIIDA.

MacrocHTHONIA, N. g.

Primaries elongated, with slightly convex margins ;

outer margin sigmoidal, with the apex acute ; secondaries

narrow, longest in costal, shortest in abdominal margin ;

second and third median and radial veinlets emitted close

together at the extremity of the median vein ; thorax

robust ; palpi erect, projecting a little above the head ;

antenne very long, extending to third fifth of costal

margin, their basal three-fifths broadly pectinated ; legs

long and very thick, the tibiz woolly ; abdomen rather

slender, extending a little beyond the anal angle of the

secondaries.

179. Macrochthonia fervens, n.s.

Primaries above red-brown, with a slight pink tinge ;

crossed in the middle by an oblique darker black-edged

band; between the central band and the base are two

shightly divergent black lines, angulated upon the costal

margin; a submarginal zigzag series of black dashes ;

secondaries pale greyish, with the costal area and fringes

white ; the external border slightly reddish ; head and

600 Mr. A. G. Biler’s Descriptions, ce.

thorax red-brown; metathorax white ; antenne greyish

brown ; abdomen grey, with paler anal segments ; under

surface creamy white, reddish at the borders ; primaries

with the discoidal area widely suffused with grey ; fringe

greyish ; secondaries with the abdominal half uniformly

creamy white, not reddish at its borders; coxe and

femora clothed with snow-white hair ; tibiz brown above,

white, with a black lateral line, below ; tarsi brown, with

white bands above, white below; expanse of wings,

1 inch 5 lines.

Tokei (J’enton).

(601)

XXXVII. Description of the immature state of a Ceylonese

insect apparently belonging to an undescribed genus.

By J. O. Wesrwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &e.

[Read October 5th, 1881.]

PuaTE XXII., Fic. 1, AND DETAILS.

Tue accompanying figure and details represent an imma-

ture insect, of which several specimens were taken in the

spring of the present year, running about on the surface

of the earth in a garden flower-pot covered with very

short moss, by G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq., of Fairieland,

Kandy, Ceylon, who, remembering the attention which

I had formerly bestowed on the species of Emlia, and

thinking this insect was allied to that group, kindly sent

me the specimens for examination and description. The

specimens were very active, and not easily caught un-

injured, and were placed in spirits of wine.

They are narrow, linear, and depressed in form, like a

Staphylinus, a quarter of an inch long, the body being

terminated by two very long slender anal filaments, like

those of an Ephemera, which are formed of numerous

(more than fifty) minute articulations. These filaments

are 8 lines long, and are consequently nearly three times

the length of the entire insect. The head is depressed

and rather larger than the prothorax, with prominent

lateral eyes. ‘The clypeus is very short and narrowed,

the labrum shortly semicircular and furnished with a

frontal row of fine sete2. The mandibles are short,

triangular, strong, and armed at the tips with two teeth,

the apical one being the larger ; the outer edge is rounded

and armed with three strong sete. The maxille are

regularly galeated, the internal lobe slender, curved,

acutely pointed at the tip, below which, on the inner

margin, it is rather dilated, and furnished with two sete ;

the outer lobe is shorter than the inner, curved and

obtuse at its tip. The blade of the maxille is oblong,

with a series of strong muscles inserted transversely on

its inner side; the maxillary palpi are about half the

length of the head, five-jointed, the two basal joints very

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—paRT iv. (DEC.) ° 41

602 Prof. West od's description of the

short, the three terminal ones cylindrical and of nearly

equal length, each being about equal to the outer lobe of

the maxille in length. The mentum is a transverse thin

plate, with the sides rounded and narrowed towards the

front margin, which is nearly straight. The labium is

formed of two lobes rounded at the tips, each having a

slender division or inner lobe uniting in the middle; the

labial palpi are cylindrical, each arising from a short

basal scape, and are four-jointed, the two basal joints

very short, and the two terminal ones longer, sub-

cylindrical, setose, the terminal joint not longer than the

preceding, and obtuse at its extremity. The antenne are

about half the length of the body, composed of fifteen cylin-

drical joints, the basal joint being the largest, followed by

four short joints, the remaining being longer, of nearly

equal length, somewhat oval in form, and finely setose.

The three thoracic segments are nearly equal in size

and rather broader than the abdominal ones; the first, or

prothorax, is rounded in front; the second, or mesothorax,

is rather shorter, transverse, rounded at the sides, the

dorsum entire, without any trace of mesothoracic appen-

dages; the third, or metathorax, is also transverse,

rounded at the sides, but with a deep incision on its hind

margin, probably indicating the future development of a

pair of wings from this segment. The abdomen is formed

of a series of depressed transverse joints, the terminal ones

gradually narrowed, and the apical one terminated by the

long slender articulated filaments above described. The

legs are of moderate length and uniform in structure,

rather slender, the anterior femora alone being thickened

towards the base, and armed with rather strong short

bristles on its inner edge. The tibie of all the legs are

straight and slender, without any terminal spur, and the

tarsi are two-jointed, the basal joint larger than the

second, which is affixed on the oblique extremity of the

preceding joint; the ungues are rather long, slender,

and acute at the tips.

The colour has probably been modified by the immer-

sion of the insects in spirits of wine ; they are at present

dark brown, with the limbs paler, the four posterior

femora dusky in the middle ; the prothorax has two large

pale patches occupying the posterior angles, the emargi-

nate hinder margin of the metathorax is narrowly edged

with pale colour ; the abdomen is pale-coloured, with two

narrow transverse dark bands near the base, and the

immature state of a Ceylonese insect. 603

terminal portion of the abdomen is also transversely

banded with dark colour.

At first sight the insect in this state at once reminds

the observer of the genus Campodea, which, like it, runs

about in garden ground, and is furnished with two very

long anal sete (cf. Campodea staphylinus, Westw., Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond. iii., 232; 1842); but this relationship is

quite superficial. The structure of the mouth of the

insect brings it to the great division of mandibulated

insects undergoing an active state preceding the assump-

tion of the imago form, and possessing galeated maxille

and articulated filamentous anal appendages. The Per-

lide, amongst the Neuroptera, possess these characters,

but the terrestial habits of this insect removes it from

that family. The structure of the legs and tarsi, and the

very elongated anal filaments, separate it from the genus

Embia, to which its habits assimilate it, whilst its simple

hind legs and linear form remove it from the saltatorial

Orthoptera and Blattide. In its general form it puts one

much in mind of an immature earwig, but the horny

exarticulate anal appendages of the Forficulide prevent

us from regarding it as belonging to that family. The

discovery of the imago state will alone enable us to deter-

mine the group to which the insect is referable.

For the sake of identification, I venture to apply a

~name to the insect above described, which, from the diffi-

culty attending the present determination of its relations

and its most peculiar characteristic, may be termed

Dyscritina longisetosa.

EXPLANATION OF PuatTeE XXII.

Fic. 1. Dyscritina longisetosa, magnified.

la. Natural size of ditto.

1b. Head and base of antenne.

le. Labrum.

1d. Mandible.

le. Maxilla.

if. Mentum, labium, and labial palpi.

1g. Antenna.

1h. Fore leg.

li. Hind leg.

( 605 )

XXXVIII. Note Dipterologice. No. 6.—On the minute

species of dipterous insects, especially Muscide,

which attack the different kinds of Cereal crops.

By J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.8., &e.

[Read November 2nd, 1881.]

Puate XXII.

Tue Cereal crops in this country occasionally suffer to a

very considerable extent by the attacks of various minute

species of dipterous insects belonging to the families

Tipulide and Muscide. In the former family, the

Cecidomyia tritici is especially injurious by cepositing its

eggs with the assistance of its long telescope-like ovipositor

in the centre of the flower of the wheat when in blossom ;

the small yellow larve, hatched from which eggs, eating

the pollen, and thus preventing the impregnation of the

flower and rendering the ears abortive. The history of

this insect was first detailed by the late Hon. President

of our Society, the Rev. W. Kirby, in the third volume

of the Linnean Transactions, p. 246 (1795), continued in

vol. iv., p. 280 (1798), and in vol. v., p. 96 (1799).

The Hessian fly (Cecidomyia destructor, Say), fortu-

nately not yet detected in England, and at first regarded

as identical with the C. tritici, differs from that species

in the habit of its larve feeding at the crown of the root

of the wheat plants, or at the first joint within the sheath

of the leaf, where whole clusters of the pupx are to be

found. Say, in Journ. Acad. Nat. Science. Philadelph.

vol. i., p. 45; Asa Fitch, The Hessian-fly, in Trans. N.

York Agric. Soc., vol. v. and vi.; and Kollar, ‘ Treatise

on Injurious Insects,’ translated by Miss Loudon, p. 118.

Another species of Tipulide, most probably also be-

longing to the genus Cecidomyia, was described by Dr.

John Nep. Sauter, in Germar’s ‘Magazin der Ento-

mologie,’ and in Kollar’s ‘ Treatise on Injurious Insects,’

under the name of Tipula cerealis, as injuring barley and

spelt (a kind of dwarf wheat) in the Grand Duchy of

Baden, the vermilion-coloured larve measuring one to

one and a half lines in length, appearing in May and

TRANS. ENT. SOc. 1881.—PART Iv. (DEC.)

606 Prof. Westw8d on the minute Diptera

June, and living gregariously between the leaf-sheath

and the stalk, and eating the straw, which in consequence

becomes warty, notched, and crooked, and afterwards

dies.

Several minute species of the family Muscide are also

very injurious to our Cereal crops, which they attack, in

their immature state as small footless larve, either by

feeding upon the heart of the young plants when just

above the surface of the ground, or at a later period

of the year upon the young and juicy stems, or on the

grains and pollen.

As unfortunately there is considerable confusion in the

published accounts of the different species of these small

Muscide, and as the works in which such accounts

originally appeared are for the most part of difficult

access, and the abstracts which have been published of

them by compilers have not been sufficiently precise,

several of the most important memoirs themselves

having been overlooked, it will doubtless be considerably

useful to give a short account of the different species

and their bibliography.

Oscinis Frit.

The first memoir on the Cereal insects was published

by Linneus in the Transactions of the Stockholm

Academy, 1750, p. 128 (translated in the German edition

of those Transactions, and published in Band 12, Ham-

burg and Leipzig, 1754, p. 187) with the title ‘“‘ Unter-

suchung der tauben Gerste”’ (barley).

The description of this insect is thus given by Lin-

nus :—

“Musca Frit, antennis setariis; pilosa, nigra; halteri-

bus, plantis posticis abdomineque virescenti pallidis.

“Linn., Act. Stockholm, 1750, p. 128, ubi historiani

dedi. Fauna Suecica, p. 456. (Syst. Nat., p. 994, No. 90).

“Hab. Intra glumas Hordei, granum facile decimum

quodque destruens unde Frit s. Grana hordei viliora

levioraque prognascuntur maximo damno agricolarum

‘‘ dispendio annuo ultra 100,000 ducatorum aureorum.”

Desc. Magnitudo Pulicis. Corpus figura M. domestice

agilissimum quasi saltatorium nigrum. Oculi fusci.

Plantz posticiz pallide. Halteres pallidi. Abdomen

fuscum, subtus magis pallide virens.”’

which attack cereal crops. 607

The description given by Fallen (Diptera Suec. Os-

cinides, p. 7) is more precise :-—

Corpus pulice sepius minus, agile, nigrum nitidum,

oculi maximi globosi. Caput antice convexum nigrum ;

vertice brevissime setoso, macula magna triangulari

nitidissima. Antenne nigre, seta geniculata. Pedes

nigri, tarsis flavo-albis. Alz abdomine longiores hyaline,

nervis ut in reliquis hujus sectionis speciebus directis ;

nervo scilicet 4to longitudinali cum nervo costali in apice

ale conjuncto nervisque transversis paullo distantibus.

Halteres albi. Venter in femina viva pallidus.

Var. 2. Tarsis pallidis.

Var. 3. Alis nigricantibus tibiis tarsisque albidis in

medio nigris.

Var. 4. Metatarso albo.

Obs. Ab Oscine maura vix differt nisi magnitudine

minor antennarumque seta obscuriore nec distincte alba.

Zetterstedt, inthe ‘Insecta Lapponica,’ col. 781 and

‘Dipt. Scandinavie,’ p. 2646, vol. xi., p. 43887, gives

but a short description of Oscinis Frit, as follows :—

“Tota nigra, antennarum seta pedibusque concolori-

bus tarsis pallidis, alis hyalinis halteribus albis. Minu-

tissima vix } lin. long. tota nigra nitida halteribus

tarsisque presertim posticis tantum pallidis. In ceteris

O. pusille similis. Oculiin vivo enei. Varietas, meta-

tarso tantum albo Fall. Dipt. Sv. Oscin. 7, 9, var. 4.

Antennarum seta in hac specie nigra vel fusca est.

In the Appendix to his ‘ Dipt. Scandinavie,’ vol. xi.,

p- 4479, Zetterstedt gives Fallen’s third variety of Oscinis

Frit as = Oscinis pusilla, Zett., vol. vil., p. 2649.

In Mr. Haliday’s memoir on the identification of the

Linnean species of Diptera published in the ‘ Stettiner .

Entomol. Zeitung,’ 1851, p. 144, founded on an exami-

nation of the Linnean Cabinet of Insects at the Linnean

Society, is the following observation :—‘‘ Musca Frit :

drei exempl. auf Karte gekleft mit eimer Puppe =Oscinis

vastator and granaria, Curtis (Musca hordei, Bjerkander

Act. Holm.).

608 Prof. Westw@@@ on the minute Diptera

Musca saltatrix.

Linn., Fauna Suecica, p. 555; Appendix, No. 2319 ;

Syst. Nat., p. 988.

This insect is described by Linneus as found “in

campis inter gramina saliens more Cicade.” The

characters agree with those of a species of Chlorops

which is very injurious to cereal plants, having the head

yellow, with a black triangular spot on the vertex.

‘Thorax a tergo lineis tribus longitudinalibus nigris

quarum intermedia cum capite coheret, laterales vero a

capite distincte. Scutellum flavum. Abdomen supra

fuscum lineis duabus flavicantibus. F'emora postica

crassa.” (F'n. Suec.).

The last-mentioned{character is omitted by Linnzeus in

his ‘Systema Nature,’ as noticed by Mr. Haliday in his

Paper on the Linnean Species of Diptera, published in the

‘Stettiner Entomol. Zeitung,’ 1851, p. 143; as follows :—

“* Musca saltatrix, Linn. = Chlorops teniopus, Meig.—

Wahrscheinlich hatte Linné dies Stuck vor sich, als er in

der Beschreibung im Syst. Nat. (xii., 988, 60) den cha-

racter ‘‘femora postica crassa’? aus der Fna. Suec.

welcher auf eine Meromyza Mg. deutet, ausliess.—Auch

Geoffroy (Hist. i1., 508, 81; Ent. Paris, ii., 480, 32,

Musca saltatrix) beschreibt een Chlorops, Mg.”

Fallen thus describes the Oscinis saltatrix, ‘‘ Linn.,

Fn. 2319, vera” :—

** Pallide virescens, thorace nigro-tri-lineato ; abdo-

mine trifasciam nigro punctato, femoribus posticis crassis-

simis.”—Diptera Suec. Oscin., p. 3.

Zetterstedt (‘ Diptera Scandinavie,’ p. 4837), observes,

under Oscinis teniopus :—

** Osc. temopus (Chlorops ead. Meig.), in Mus. Linneano

sub nomine ‘ Musca saltatrix’ occurrit (teste Haliday,

Ent. Zeit., 1851, p. 143), qui non sine ratione putat

Linneum hoc individuum ante oculos habuisse descri-

bentem suam Muscam saltatricem in Systema Natur.

xll., p. 988, 60 ubi nota illa characteristica ‘femora

postica’ (in ‘ Fauna Suecica’ allata) exclusa fuit.”’

which attack cereal crops. 609

In a memoir published in the Transactions of the

Stockholm Academy for the year 1777 (German edition,

vol. xxxix., Leipzig, 1782, p. 29 et seq.), by Clas Bjerkander,

entitled ‘Vom Wurzelinsecte,”’ are contained descriptions

of a number of small Muscide which have been over-

looked by subsequent writers. The first of these is—

Musca secalis (p. 80), the larvee of which injure the

young rye plants :—

“Die Fliege ist etwas kleiner und dunner, als die

gewohnliche Stubenfliege. Der Leib aschgrau, dunn, mit

schwarzen Haaren bekleidet. Die Augen braun, um sie

weisse Riinder. Der Russel schwarz. Die Fusse haaricht,

die ersten Gelenke wie der Kérper, die andern schwarz.

Die dussersten Enden weiss. Die Fliigel roth und grin

glinzend. Der Unterleib hat vier Gelenke. Die Balan-

cirstange weiss. Zwischen den Augen kleine Fiihlhérner,

mit auswirts sitzenden schwarzen Haaren.

‘Die Made ist fast weiss, zwo Linien lang, der Kopf

spitzig, zu ausserst schwarz, einem solchen Striche

V tbnlich. Ohne Fiisse; 10 Ringe. Das andere Kinde,

oder der Schwanz ist gleichsam quer abgeschnitten, doch

etwas ungleich. Wegen Mangels der Fusse, kriecht sie

nur durch Bewegung der Ringe fort, nachdem sie solche

ausstreckt, oder wieder zusammenzieht.”

The larve remained in that state through the winter,

passing to the pupa state at the end of May, and the flies

appeared from the 19th to the end of June.

Another species, also injurious to rye, is described by

Bjerkander in the same memoir under the name of—

Musca calamitosa, Bjerk., op. cit., Germ. ed., xxxix., 32.

“‘ Die Fliege ist sehr klein, Kopf, Brust und Schenkel,

schwarz. Hinterleib réthlich, glanzend, mit funf Ringen.

Die Fihlhérner sind anfangs ein kleiner Knoten, wie das

kleinste Sammkorn, daran einige kleine Haare sitzen. Die

Fligel reichen tber den Korper hinaus, legen an

einander, dass sie ein Oval ausmachen, und glinzen

rothlich. s . 3

‘“Der Schaden, den die M. secalis verursacht, ist an

der zarten und nur aufgegangenen Rockensaat sehr

sichtbar, sie fillt um und verfault. Aber etwas ver-

borgner ist die Niederlage, welche die hier nachfolgende

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—PaRT IV. (DEC.) 4x

610 Prof. West wot on the minute I "iptera

Made verursacht, die spiter im Herbst, wenn die Rocken-

saat viel Aestchen angesetzt hat, die zirtesten Blatter

abbeisst, die zuletzt wewachsen sind, welche sich gleich-

falls noch in den Hiilsen befinden, und nur an den

iussersten Enden gelb werden, aber wegen der zuneh-

menden Kilte nicht eher giinzlich vertrocknen, als im

folgenden Fruhjahre.

‘Die Made, von der ich nur jetzo geredet habe, ist

gelb, anfangs sehr klein, wie ein Mannakorn, sie wiichst

aber, dass sie im November eine Linie lang ist. Ihr

Kopf ist spitzig, und hat so einen schwarzen “Striche V.

Aus der Puppa kam M. calamitosa.”

Musca hordei, Bjerk., op. cit., Germ. ed., xxxix., 33.

‘Kopf und Vorderleib schwarz, Hinterleib und Fusse

srau. Die Flugel linger als der Leib, und weiss, mit

drei Adern. Die Fuhlhérner schwarz, klein, spitzig,

+ Linie lang. Die Fliege ist sehr klein.

“Die Made weissgelb, tber 1 Linie lang, am hintern

Ende quer abgeschnitten. Der Kopf spitzig, etwas

schwarz, mit dem Striche VY. Aus den Maden wurden

im Jul. 1776, Fliegen. Die Maden hatten das Fruhjahr

zuvor meist zur Halfte an einigen Oertern die Rockensaat

verderbt.”

In a footnote to the preceeding memoir, Bjerkander

describes four other new species of Muscide which he

had reared, preceded by the following memorandum, and

which have remained unnoticed by Dipterologists :-—

‘* Maden, die beym hereinbringen von der Rockensaat

so sehr klein waren, dass man sie nicht so genau, als man

wunschte, unterscheiden konnte, sind noch mehr kleine

Fliegen geworden, die hier nur nach ihrer Verwandlung

kurzhch beschrieben werden.’

“1. Musca velox, Bjerk., op. cit., Germ. ed., xxxix., 82.

“Die Flege eine Linie lang. Kopf schwarz, unten

erau. Der Hinterleib hat 4 Ri inge, rothlich, am Ende

spitzig. Die Fliigel hegen an einander. Die Fisse

zunichst am Korper graulich, die dussersten Gelenke

schwarz.

which attack cereal crops. 611

“2. Musca tripunctata, Bjerk., op. cit., Germ. ed., xxxix., 33.

‘“‘Vorderleib und Brust schwarz. Der Korper haaricht,

die Augen braun. Der Hinterleib grau, liinglich, mit

2 schwarzen Flecken unten in einer Linie, zu ausserst

schwarz. Die Fusse lang, und die vordern weiss an

den Enden. Die Balancierstangen weiss. Die Fliegen

fingen den 9 Febr. 1776, im Glase aus der Puppe zu

kriechen an. Sie zeigten sich zuerst im Junius in den

Diingerhaufen.

“3, Musca truncata, Bjerk., op. cit., Germ. ed., xxxix., 33.

“Der ganze Kérper schwarz, etwas uber eime Linie

lang. Die Fuhlhorner kurz, Perlenschnurahnlich. Der

Hinterleib glinzend, wie schwarz Glas, rund, und gleich-

sam quer abgeschnitten. Die Fusse gelblich. Die

Fliigel linger, als der mittlere Leib, liegen an ihm an,

aber so, dass die innern Seiten einander nicht beruhren,

sondern ein wenig Raum zwischen sich lassen. Sie

krochen im Glase um den 29 Jun. 1776, aus.

“4, Musca nivalis, Bjerk., op. cit., Germ. ed., xxxix., 34.

‘Hine Linie lang. Die Augen gross und grun. Die

Fuhlhorner klein mit einigen Haaren am Ende. Der

Vorderleib auf dem Rucken haaricht, unten graulich.

Der Hinterleib hat finf Ringe, gliinzend grun. Die

Fligel reichen uber den Leib hinaus, liegen im Oval, und

glinzen roth. Im Glase kamen die Fliegen um den

20 Jun. hervor. Im Nov. 1776, war einmal 13 Grad

Kialte, und 4 Zoll tiefer Schnee, gleichwohl fand man

diese Fliegen beym Thauwetter unter der Rockensaat

den 17 Dec. lebend.”

Clas Bjerkander, in another memoir published in the

Transactions of the Stockholm Academy for the year

1778, vol. xxxix., pp. 240 and 241 (Germ. ed., vol. xl.,

p- 231, ‘Die Rockenzwergmade’), has a short memoir on

another insect which attacks the rye, and, as the species

has been much confused, I have thought it better to give

the following translation of this memoir :—

Musca pumihonis.

In the month of May I observed, among the plants of

rye, some dwarf shoots one or two inches long, on

, 612 Prof. Westw@@@ on the minute Diptera

examining which a small worm or larva was found at

the first joint, which had caused this singular enlarge-

ment. ‘T'o observe the transformations of these worms,

I placed several in a glass bottle. The larva is white,

two lines long, ten-jointed; the head pointed, black at its

extremity, with a V-like mark. It changed to a chrysalis

on the 25th May. ‘This chrysalis is yellow, shining,

rather more than a line long, flat, and rimged. The flies

began to make their appearance on the 12th June. The

perfect insect is rather more than a line long. Its head

is yellow, eyes black; it bears on the vertex a black

triangle. The black antenne are somewhat nodose, with

some hairs. The thorax is black above, marked with

two yellow longitudinal lines, beyond which, near the

abdomen, is a yellow crescent-like spot (scutellum).

The under side of the thorax is yellow. The fore legs have

two black spots. The abdomen is black above, yellow

beneath, and four-jointed. The balancers are white ;

the wings are glossed with red and green, and extend a

little beyond the body. The portion of the legs next the

body is greyish, with the extremities black. The fly may

be named Musca pumilionis. We are still ignorant

whether the eggs are laid on the stems of the rye. On

the 23rd April the larve were still small, and they

attained their full size by the 25th May. As there is no

hole visible at the side of the straw, it would appear that

the eggs or larve are deposited on the leaves. When

holes are there found, they are made by the larva of

Phalena secalis or by some other insect. When the

fly emerges from the chrysalis-skin it creeps to the top

of the sheath and makes its escape. The stunted rye

plants, beginning to assume a yellow colour and dry

about the 14th July, were so numerous in some fields

that as many as from eight or twelve to fourteen might

be counted in a space of four square feet; hence may be

seen how great is the mischief they produce, which may

be prevented by cutting up and burning the infested

plants, and thus destroying the enclosed insects. I have

thus cut up as many as 350 shoots.

Fabricius (Syst. Antl., p. 216), simply observes of.

Musca pumilionis, ‘‘ Habitat in Secalis, Tritici culmis,

quos omnino destruit’”; but Fallen, in the ‘ Diptera

Suecica, Oscinides,’ p. 7, gives a more detailed descrip-

tion and the following explanatory note :—

which attack cereal crops. 613

“ Flavescens ; thoracis dorso nigro, flavo bilineato ;

nervo costali.cum nervo 4to longitudinali in apice ale

conjuncto. .

“ Larva in culmis secalis quos destruit vitam degit a

Cl. Bjerkander J. c., descripta. Descriptio autem ima-

ginis in Oscinem et lineatwm et Pumilionis omnino quad-

rat, nulla ibidem facta de situ nervorum in alis commemo-

ratione. Larva quoque utriusque speciel in culmis

segetum s. graminum habitare verisimillimum est.

Tndividuum autem e larva culmi secalis natum quod

b. m. Bjerkander cum cel Prof. And. Lidbeck communi-

cavit, a nobis lustratum, totum nigrum non hujus est

speciei sed Oscinis Frit.

“Quin igitur Cl. Bjerkander et larvas plurium Oscinis

specierum, in culmis forsitan cohabitantes exclusisset et

differentiam unius tantum speciei descripsisset, vix

dubitanus.”’

In the year 1780 M. Bjerkander discovered a small

Muscideous insect injurious to oats previously unknown,

of which he gave an account in the Transactions of the

Stockholm Academy, new series, for the year 17 81

(German edition, 1784, vol. ii., p. 178). As this memoir

has been entirely overlooked by subsequent writers, it 1s

here reprinted from the German translation :—

“Die Made ist gelblich, etwas uber 1 Linie lang, am

Kopfe spitzig, hat keine Fusse. Die Puppe braun, ling-

lich. Den 14 Jul. kam die Fliege zum Vorschein.

“ Musca Avene. Die ganze Fliege schwarz, glinzend,

die Augen briunlich; die Fuhlhorner ein Knoten, von dem

einige Haaren ausgehen. Der Hinterleib hat 5 Ringe.

Die Fliigel reichen wtber den Kérper hinaus, liegen im

einer Ovale, und gliinzen von rothen und grunen Farben.

Die Linge, meist 1 Linie.

“ Diese Fliege ist der Musca Frit und der Musca hordev*

etwas ahnlich, es ist aber nicht wahrscheinlich dass ein

und dasselbe schadliche Thier so vielerley Schaden, und

das zu so unterschiedenen Zeiten thun sollte.

‘Wenn der Haber anfingt Halme zu bekommen,

fangen die Maden an, sie abzuschneiden, erst am

untersten Gliede dann an den wbrigen. Nur der letzte

Schaden, den sie thun, wird dem Landmanne merklich,

weil die panicule vertrocknen und weiss werden.”

** Reference to Linn., Act. Holm., 1750, 189.

614 Prof. Westw@@@ on the minute Diptera

A note is added relative to MW. Frit and M. hordev,

which Bjerkander regards as identical.

The following communication, dated September 15th,

1881, from J. ch Yonge, Esq., of Otterbourne, Win-

chester, addressed to my self, introduces us to a minute

species of Muscide, which, from the vast number of

specimens observed, must evidently be very injurious to

the crops of oats :—

‘“‘Srr,—You may perhaps be interested in an unusual

abundance of insect-life that has just occurred here.

Mr. Dennis, one of the farmers, lately threshed about

twenty-five quarters of oats in the field, and stored the

grain in bulk in a loft. A few days afterwards a stratum

of flies was seen on the top of the oats, coming up

among them, and passing away through the windows.

The stratum was about four feet long, one broad, and

three inches thick, and being continually renewed from

below asthose above passed off, an immense number must

have gone through during the four days it was observed.

T enclose a bottle containing a few {about 100] specimens.

The grain does not appear to be injured. There are a

quantity more of the same oats in a rick in the field

where they were grown. Would you kindly tell me what

is the species of fly, and what its habits, and the food of

the larva? Whether it is one of those injurious to corn ?

and if it would be prudent for the farmer to thresh out

the rest of the oats as soon as he can for fear of damage

by the maggots; or if there are any other precautions

that would be prudent in order to destroy the eggs ?”

_ In Kirby and Spence’s ‘Introduction to Entomology ’

(small edition, p. 95), the only insects which attack the

oats are said to be the omnivorous wireworm (or larva of

Elateride), and occasionally an Aphis; and Mr. Curtis,

in his ‘Farm Insects,’ mentions Leucania obsoleta and

Crioceris melanopa as feeding on the leaves of standing

oats, and that the oat crops in Styria and Carinthia

occasionally suffer from the attacks of the larva of a

minute Tipula or Cecidomyia on the grains. Mr. Mark-

wick also found a larva which he considers as that of

the wheat midge in the husks of the wild bearded oat,

Avena fatua (Linn. Trans., ill., p. 246).

Many of the flies which accompanied Mr. Yonge’s

communication to me were still alive. They are very

which attack cereal crops. 615

minute, being only about one line in length, and about

24 lines in the expanse of the wings. ‘They are black,

slightly glossy, and with a very little brassy tinge; the

halteres are whitish, the legs entirely black, the wings

colourless, or but very slightly ashy coloured, with dark

slender veins. The forehead is elevated and rounded,

the face slightly emarginate in its profile in front of the

eyes, for the reception of the antenne, which have the

principal joint short and semi-rounded, with a slender

and slightly setose dorsal bristle or terminal joint. The

mouth is a beautiful microscopical object, with two

clavate, setose palpi, a strong, short, pointed, horny

tongue, and a large fleshy lip notched in the middle of

its terminal margin so as to form two lobes, each of

which is traversed by three fine curved transversely

striated muscles.

This species, although closely allied to Oscinis vastator,

Curtis (‘Farm Insects,’ p. 239, pl. H, fig. 117), differs

in the colour of the legs, which in the latter insect have

the base and tips of the four anterior tibize ferruginous,

the base of the first jot in all the tarsi of the same

colour, whilst the legs are uniformly black in Mr. Yonge’s

insects. From this slight difference I was led to infer

that the habits of the latter were identical with those of

My. Curtis’s insect, and that its larva fed on the stems of

the oats. This supposition was, however, contradicted

by the fact that the flies had only made their appearance

after the grain had been threshed out in the field and the

oats stored in the loft. At all events, the mischief,

whatever it might have been (and Mr. Yonge says that

the grain did not appear to be injured), had been done,

and no more damage was to be apprehended from the

flies, which were making their appearance in such

incredible numbers. Finding, however, in the bottle

which contained the flies, two or three grains of the oats,

I opened them carefully, and found, within the enveloping

scales of one of the grains, the remains of an Aphis,

and within another (in which the grain itself had dis-

appeared) there remained only the shrivelled feathery

styles of the ovary, above which was the empty scaly

elongate-ovate covering of the puparium of one of the

little flies, which had left the grain and joined its com-

panions in their escape from the loft. Thus the cause

of the appearance of these flies after the grain was

housed was accounted for, and the species was proved to

616 Prof. Westw@8d on the minute Diptera

agree with Cecidomyia tritici in the habit of feeding

upon the young grain, and not within the stem of the

plant like the Chlorops lineata. Hence we learn that,

instead of the housed grains being uninjured, as was

stated, each fly must have destroyed one of the oat-grains,

remaining within the scales until the crop had been

housed. Hence, too, we also learn that if it were possible

to submit the grain, as soon as threshed, and before

being housed, to the action of a degree of heat sufficient

to kill the flies without injuring the grains, the chances

of next year’s crop of oats being freed from the ravages

of the insect would be greatly increased.

The insect before us appears to me to be identical with

the Musca avene of Bjerkander, and with Oscinis atricilla

of Zetterstedt (‘Ins. Lapponica,’ col. 781, No. 11*).

The latter is the only one of the sixty species of the

genus described by Meigen, Fallen, or Zetterstedt, with

which it can be compared.

O. atricilla is stated by Zetterstedt to have the greatest

resemblance to O. pusilla,+ which, I believe, is identical

with the Oscinis vastator of Curtis, differmg in being

blacker and less metallic in colour, and in having the

anterior tibize and tarsi blackish brown, whereas they are

black in my insects.

The ‘ Transactions of the Linnean Society of London’

(vol. ii., p. 76, 1794), contain a memoir entitled “‘ Some

Account of the Musca pumilionis of Gmelin’s Edition of

the ‘Syst. Nature.’ By Wiliam Markwick, Esq. With

additional remarks by T. Marsham, Esq.” Early in

spring some fields of wheat near Battle appeared to be

much blighted, the injury being caused by a small grub

lodged in the very heart of the stem just above the

root; from some of the diseased plants placed in a

flower-pot, and covered with gauze, several small flies

were produced. The plants thus attacked threw out

* Oscinis atricilla, Zetterstedt, ‘Insecta Lapponica,’ col. 781,

Novy

Tota nigra, antennarum seta pedibusque concoloribus, alis hya-

linis, halteribus albidis. Mas, foem.

Magnitudo et summa precedentis (O. pusilla) similitudo, a qua

non differt nisi colore magis atro, vix metallice nitente, et pedibus

totis nigris, tibiis tarsisque anterioribus nigro-fuscis.

+ O. pusilla, Zett., l.c., col. 781, No. 10. Subsnescenti nigra

tota, antennarum seta concolore, tibiis anterioribus tarsisque

omnibus pallidis ; alis hyalinis, halteribus albis. Mas, foem.

which attack cereal crops. 617

side shoots abundantly, thus stocking themselves, as the

farmers term it. No precise description of the insect

was given, but in the accompanying plate the insect

was represented in its different states, exhibiting the

head of the fly marked with a triangular black spot; the

thorax black, with two yellow longitudinal streaks; the

scutellum yellow, and the abdomen pale-coloured. The

subsequent proceedings of the fly and its progeny were

not described. From Mr. Marsham’s supplemental note

it appears that Sir Joseph Banks had also reared the

fly from the roots of diseased wheat, and had determined

it to be identical with the Musca pumilionis of Bjerkander,

and by letter communicated the information to Mr.

Arthur Young, accompanied with an engraving of the

fly, both of which were published in the 91st number of

the ‘Annals of Agriculture.’ Mr. Marsham comments

on Bjerkander’s account, and speculates on the sub-

sequent proceedings of the fly, which he recommends to

the observation of farmers, shrewdly adding that, as the

plant throws off side shoots abundantly, Bjerkander’s

advice to pull up and burn the damaged plants cannot

be considered as judicious.

In the year 1812 the Agricultural Society of the Seine

was officially consulted by the Minister of the Interior on

the subject of the very extensive injury to cereal crops

in different parts of France, and especially in the

neighbourhood of Paris, by the attacks of insects. The

celebrated entomologist M. Olivier was accordingly

charged by the Society to investigate the history of the

insects in question, and he published a first memoir on

the subject in the ‘ Actes de la Société,’ tom xvi., p. 447.

His death, however, prevented his further researches,

and those of M. Victor Audouin, who subsequently

undertook to prosecute the subject, were in like manner

cut short by the premature death of the latter.*

Olivier (Mém. sur quelques insectes qui attaquent les

Céréales) gave short descriptions and excellent figures of

several of these species of cereal Muscide, which (with

one exception), have been overlooked by subsequent

* It is greatly to be iyeratad that the numerous volumes of

observations on the economy of many species of insects made by

M. Audouin, accompanied by excellent drawings, still remain

unpublished.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1681.—PaRtT Iv. (DEC.) 4L

618 Prof. West@@6d on the minute Diptera

systematic Dipterologists. The first of these is named

Chlorops pumilionis (p. 4, pl. i., fig. 2), and is identical

with the insect figured by Guérin as Chlorops lineata.

Olivier reared it from cereal plants which he had placed

in bottles in April in the preceding year. ‘‘C’est le

Diptére qui est sorti le plus abondamment des tiges du

seigle, et de l’orge qu'elle paroit attaquer plus particu-

lierement que les froment, quoiqu’elle se trouve aussi

quelquefois dans ces derniers.”

Tephritis Hordei.

Olivier, Mém. sur quelques ins. qui attaq. les Céréales,

ol i gpa id

‘‘Antennis plumatis; nigro-enea, capite argenteo,

palpis flavis. Long. 83—4 mill.

“ Antennes noires; corps noir bronzé, légerement

couvert d’une poussiére imperceptible grise. Tete et

thorax avec des poils roids, noirs, assez longs; yeux vert

brillant un peu foncé, noiratres apres la mort. Téte

couverte d’un léger duvet argenté; ailes transparentes,

un peu irisées, balanciers jaunes.”

Reared in a bottle in which diseased plants of barley,

rye, and wheat had been placed at the beginning of

April.

Oscinis flavipes.

Olivier, Mém. sur quelques ins. qui attaq. les Céréales,

pepe 0) is Mga et

“Nigra; abdomine basi rufo; pedibus flavis (cuisses

presque entiérement noires). Long. 2 mill.”

‘wo individuals reared in a bottle in which diseased

plants of barley, rye, and wheat had been placed at the

beginning of April.

Oscinis nigra.

Olivier, Mém. sur quelques ins. qui attaq. les Céréales,

p. 15, pl.i., fig. 4.

Corpore nigro, immaculato. Long. vix 2 mill.

** Filet des antennes simple. Corps noir, luisant, a

l'exception des balanciers qui sont d’une jaune obscur.”

Reared in a bottle in which diseased plants of barley,

rye, and wheat had been placed at the beginning of

April.

which attack cereal crops. 619

Tephritis pallisa.

Olivier, Mém. sur quelques ins. qui attaq. les Céréales,

pe 5; plet.,; fig. 5.

Corpore pallide cinereo, antennis plumatis. Long. vix

2 mill.

‘Corps couvert de quelques poils longs, d’un brun clair ;

les balanciers sont de la couleur du corps ; les ailes sont

proportionnellement un peu longues que dans les autres

especes, et ont un reflet irisé.”

Reared in a bottle in which plants of barley, rye, and

wheat had been placed at the beginning of April.

Leptocera mgra.

Olivier, Mém. sur quelques ins. qui attaq. les Céréales,

Dobe Died. 110. 0;

“Nouv. gen. Par la longueur du filet des antennes

il se rapproche du g. T’rinewra, mais les deux premiers

articles sont bien distincts, tandis qu’ils ne forment

qu’une boule dans les Trinewra. Dans la Trineura les

trois nervures longitudinales vont de la base a l’extremité

sans qu’on apercoive aucune nervure transversale. La

disposition des ailes dans le n. g. dont les nervures

internes ne vont point jusqu’a l’extremité, et s’arrétent

au milieu, et ot l’on voit de plus deux nervures trans-

versales, l’éloigne aussi des Tephrites, des Oscines, et

des Mouches, avec lesquelles ce genre a quelques rap-

ports par la forme du corps et celle des deux premiers

articles des antennes.

“T,. nigra: ore pedibusque fusco-rufescentibus. Long.

2mill. Antennes noires, le filet long, tres-menu, simple,

la téte est noire en dessus, le front et la bouche sont

d’une couleur de brique obscure; le corps est noir garni

de quelques poils ; on en voit deux ou trois sur l’écusson

plus longs et plus forts que sur le reste du corps; les

balanciers sont de la couleur des pattes. Les ailes

différent de toutes celles des autres dipteres; la seconde

cellule placée vers le milieu est fermée, et les deux

nervures qui devoient se prolonger jusqu’a l’extrémite

des ailes sont 4 peine commencées.”

Seven specimens reared in a bottle in which diseased

plants of barley, rye, and wheat had been placed at the

beginning of April,

620 Prof. West ood on the minute Diptera

In the ‘Mémoires de la Société d’Agriculture du

Département de la Marne,’ for the years 1837, 1839, and

1841, M. Dagonet, of Chalons, published a series of

articles on insects injurious to cereal plants, accompanied

by rude figures, in which he gave a general account of

the economy of the species of Chlorops which causes the

swollen stems of the wheat, to which he applies the name

of Musca pumilionis. His observations, however, are not

so complete and descriptive as those of M. Herpin.

The observations of Olivier were subsequently resumed

by M. Herpin, of Metz, whose memoir was published in

the ‘‘ Mémoires de la Société royale et centrale d’Agri-

culture, Année 1842.” In that memoir M. Herpin

described the economy of the following insects: ‘1, De

l’Oscine ou Chlorops du froment et du seigle; 2, Oscine

ou Chlorops de l’orge; 8, le Sirex ou Cephus du froment

et du seigle; 4, De l’Apion ou Charancon du trefle ;

5, De l’Alucite ou la Teigne des bles ; 6, De la Noctuelle

et de la Cecidomyie des céréales.”’

The first of these insects appeared to M. Herpin to be

identical with Olivier’s No. 1, but various important details

in its history were observed for the first time by the later

writer. The plants attacked by the larve in the winter and

early spring become yellow and die, the larve, which had

eaten the heart of the plant, transforming to the chrysalis

state, from which the perfect insect is developed at the end

of April or beginning of May. The writer proceeds :—

‘“‘ T’accouplement de l’Oscine sortie des jeunes plantes

de seigle et de froment a lieu vers la fin de Mai ou au

commencement de Juin. La femelle s’occupe aussitot a

faire sa ponte sur les tiges du froment qui commence

alors 4 monter en épis; elle dépose un ceuf vers la partie

inférieure de l’epi, au fond des cannelures des feuilles.

Environ quinze jours apres la ponte, il sort de cet ceuf

une larve oblongue, jaunatre et sans pattes, qui s’attache

a la tige de la céréale, immédiatement au-dessous de

lepi; elle se nourrit en rongeant une partie de la surface

de chacune qui est alors tres-tendre; elle y trace et y

creuse un sillon extérieur de 2 millimétres environ

de largeur, de 1 millimétre ou 2 au plus de pro-

fondeur, mais qui ne pénetre jamais jusque dans le

canal interieur de la tige. Ce sillon s’étend depuis le

bas de l’epi jusqu’au premier nceud supérieur, sauf

quelques exceptions, lorsque, par exemple, la larve vient

which attack cereal crops. 621

a périr ou qu’elle.a pris tout son développement avant

d’avoir atteint le premier neeud. Arrivée pres de ce point

la larve a ordinairement acquis toute sa croissance ; alors

elle se transforme en nymphe ou chrysalide, et se fixe le

plus souvent vers la partie moyenne du sillon qu'elle a

creusé a l’extérieur de la tige. Dans le mois de Sep-

tembre suivant, il en sort un Diptére du genre Oscinis

d’Olivier ou Chlorops de MM. Meigen et Macquart, que

peut vivre pendant plusieurs semaines, et va deposer

ensuite sa nouvelle ponte sur les seigles et les blés

tout récemment semes. Les tiges du froment attaquées

par les larves provenant de la deuxieme ponte du

Chlorops presentent des altérations tellement singu-

liéres et remarquables, qu’il est surprenant que l’on n’en

ait pas jusqu’a présent reconnu la cause ; ces altérations

sont généralement attribuées a un vice de la végétation ;

occasionné par certaines intempéries des saisons. Les

tiges ainsi attaquées n’ont guere que la moitié de

Vhauteur des tiges de blé qui sont saines, leur matura-

tion est retardée considérablement; elles sont encores

trés-vertes lorsque les autres sont devenues jaunes par

Veffet de la maturité; l’épi n’est pas encore sorti

d’entre les feuilles qui l’engainent; il est court, peu

volumineux, peu abondant en grains; ceux-ci d’ailleurs

sont maigres, retraits et racornis ; enfin tous les épillets

situés du coté ou se trouve le sillon longitudinal creusé

par la larve sont entiérement avortés, et ne contiennent

aucun grain.”

The species observed by M. Herpin is attacked by

Hymenopterous parasites of the genus Alysia.

The ‘‘ Oscinis ou Chlorops de Vorge” (Hordewn

distichon) is considered by M. Herpin (Mém., p. 18), to

be identical with the Musca Frit of Linneus. It ‘ parait

étre le méme que celui qui dévore les tiges du ble; il y

produit les mémes altérations et creuse a l’exterieur de

la jeune tige un sillon longitudinal au dessous de V’epi.”

M. Herpin further observes :— ‘‘ Outre cet insecte

(Chlorops de l’orge) l’orge est attaquée par les larves d’un

autre Chlorops bien plus petit que le precedent, qui sont

au nombre de six a dix dans chaque épi, elles rongent les

organes sexuels des fleurs, et font avorter la fructification

de telle sorte que les épis sont tout a fait stériles.

Souvent aussi on trouve sur le méme pied d’orge le

premier Chlorops qui ronge la partie supérieure de la

622 Prof. Westwed on the minute Diptera

tige, et plusieurs autre petits Chlorops de la second

espece qui dévorent l’epi. Ces deux espéces se com-

portent, pour leurs métamorphoses, de la maniére qui a

été indiquée plus haut.”

The Memoir of M. Herpin was accompanied by a

Supplemental Memoir by M. Guérin-Méneville, illus-

trated with six coloured plates. In this memoir the first

species described by M. Herpin, and incorrectly referred

by Olivier and Dagonet to the Musca pumilionis of

Bjerkander, was affirmed to belong to the genus Chlorops

(‘‘ tandis que l’autre est une Oscinis’’), and was described

under the name of Chlorops lineata.* ‘‘Flavicans; an-

tennis, vertice macula triangulari, thorace vittis quinque

nigris; abdomine flavo, fasciis punctisque duobus

basalibus fuscis, ano flavo, pedibus flavis, tarsis anticis

nigris, intermediis et posticis flavis, duobus articulis

ultimis atris. L. 0°0004; 1. 0:0012.” +

The second species, whose habits were noticed by

M. Herpin, was described by M. Guérin (Mem., p. 80)

under the name of Chlorops Herpini, ‘‘ Flavicans;

antennis nigris vel flavis, margine antico setaque nigris,

vertice maculis duabus nigris triangularibus; thorace

vittis tribus latis nigris ; abdomine fiavo, fasciis punc-

tisque basalibus fuscis, ano nigro ; pedibus flavis tarsis

omnibus fuscis. L. 0°008; 1. 0°001.”

* Oscinis lineata, Fabr. Antl., 215, 4; Latr., Le Regne, An., p. 647;

Musca l., Fabr., Ent. Syst., p. 356, 180; Fallen, Dipt. Suec.

Oscin., p. 4.

“¢ et 2. Larva in caulibus cerealibus, quos destruit, habitat.

Conf. auctores citati. Imago in agris demessis copiosissime.

** Plavicans, thoracis lineis tribus nigris subcohexrentibus ; pedibus

simplicibus.”

Olivier, Mem. sur quelques insectes qui attaquent les Céréales,

p. 4. ‘*Obtenu des tiges de froment presque mires.” .

+ The following synonyms were added :—

Musca flava, Linn., Fn. Sv. 327; Geoffroy, ii., 537.

M. lineata, Fabr., De Vill., Schellenberg; Latreille (N. Dict.

Vhist nat., &e.); Olivier (Ene. Meth., viii., 35) ; Fallén, Dipt.

Suec. Oscin., p. 4.

Oscinis pumilionis, Olivier, Mem. Soc. r. Agric. Dagonet, Mém.

Soc. Agr. Marne, 1841.

Chlorops nasuta, Meigen, Macquart, Hist. Dipt. ii., 592.

C. teniopus, Meigen (var. preeced.)

C. glabra, Westwood, Gard. Mag. xiii., 289.

The synonymy of these quotations was discussed at great length

by M. Guerin.

which attack cereal crops. 623

In Loudon’s ‘ Gardener’s Magazine,’ vol. xiii. (1887),

p- 289, I published an article on wheat-flies, giving an

abstract of the memoirs of Bjerkander, Markwick,

Marsham, Fallen, and Olivier, and recording the fact

that I had received from Mr. Raddon, about the middle of

April preceding, several species of a Chlorops in the winged

state (which I considered to be identical with the C. glabra

of Meigen, but which is certainly the same insect as is

figured by Olivier as O. pumilionis, by Curtis as C. teniopus,

and by Guérin as C. lineata), which had been found in

great profusion amongst wheat whilst removing it from

the rick in which it had stood through the winter. This

is an Important point gained with respect to the economy

of these flies, showing that the pupe must have been

carried with the upper part of the straw to the rick

where the flies had hatched, either in the autumn or

early spring. The former is more probable (the flies

remaining in the rick till the spring), because it is

of common occurrence to observe these little flies in our

apartments during the autumn, at which period, in 1834,

‘‘ they literally swarmed in the houses in the immediate

neighbourhood of the metropolis, the white ceilings of

rooms appearing quite discoloured by their numbers ”’

(p. 293).*

In this article I further mentioned that I had received,

from D. Sharp, Esq., F.L.S., a fly twice the size of those

from Mr. Raddon, which he had reared from wheat in

Huntingdonshire, that was attacked when six or eight

inches out of the ground by the larve, which devoured

the centre of the stem, and so killed the plants. It is not

shining like the Chlorops from Mr. Raddon, and the

yellow marks on the thorax are less conspicuous ; the

tips of the femora, as well as the tibiw and tarsi, are

brown. ‘The veins of the wings are arranged as in Mr.

Raddon’s Chlorops.

In Dr. Lindley’s ‘ Gardener’s Chronicle’ for 1848,

pp. 780 and 796, I published two articles on wheat-

flies, especially describing their attacks on the wheat

plants, causing swellings of the base and centre of the

plants.

There are also articles in the last-mentioned work for

1846, p. 596; and 1856, p. 158, by Mr. Curtis.

** In the Berlin. Ent. Zeitschrift, t. i., p. 172, 1857, large swarms

of Chlorops nasuta are described.

624 Prof. West w8®d on the minute Diptera

Notes on Chlorops lineata by Isidore Pierre, with a

report thereon by Milne-Edwards, appeared in the

‘Comptes Rendus’ of the Academie of Paris for 1848.

An article by the late Andrew Murray on Chlorops

teniopus appeared in tbe ‘Gardener’s Chronicle,’ 1870,

p- 1578.

In the valuable series of articles published in the

‘Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England’

by the late Mr. Curtis, subsequently republished in his

fine volume, ‘ Farm Insects,’ Chapters viii. to x1., are de-

voted to various insects injuring the corn crops. The

memoirs of Bjerkander, Markwick, Herpin, Guérin-

Meéneville, and Dagonet are abstracted, and an account

of the mischief done by the insects figured by Olivier,

and Guérin-Méneville, as C. lineata, and by myself as C.

glabra, is given under the name of Chlorops teniopus, the

writer doubting whether the insect is a variety of C.

lineata, as supposed by Guerin. Mr. Curtis adds deserip-

tions and figures of a very small black species of Oscinis,

to which he gives the name of—

Oscinis vastator (‘Farm Ins.,’ p. 2389).

The larva is very small, and feeds in the stem of the

wheat plants, and, on the 5th and 20th July, perfect

flies were produced. ‘‘ This appears to be a much more

formidable enemy than the Chlorops, for the ten or

twelve stalks I opened were filled only with powder at the

base, every portion of the young ear being consumed.”

The length of O. vastator is three-quarters of a line,

and the expansion of the wings two lines. It is shining

greenish black, a large shining triangular space on the

crown; face smooth and not concave, as in Chlorops ;

thorax globose, quadrate, with a scarcely visible ochreous

pile, forming. very indistinct lines in perfect specimens,

and an impression on the disc; scutellum semi-ovate,

terminated by two bristles, and finely rugose ; abdomen

short, not so broad as the thorax, rather depressed,

ovate-conic, and five-jointed; wings transparent and

iridescent, but slightly smoky, the costal nervure extend-

ing beyond the submarginal one to the mediastinal ner-

vures ; all the nervures pitchy, the two transverse ones

not very remote ; balancers with an oval ochreous club ;

legs longish and slender; base and tips of the four

anterior tibie ferruginous ; in the male the base of the

first joint in all the tarsi is of the same colour.

which attack cereal crops. 625

According to Mr. Haliday this insect is identical with

the Musca Frit of Linneus. It is certainly closely allied

to Oscinis pusilla of Fallen and Zetterstedt.

Oscinis granarius, Curtis (‘Farm Ins.,’ p. 298).

Black and shining, with a greenish cast; head trans-

verse, semi-orbicular; antenne black and orbicular, with

a short pubescent seta. Eyes large, remote, oval;

thorax nearly quadrate; scutellum semi-globose ; ab-

domen of the female ovate-conic, apparently 5-jointed ;

wings transparent, iridescent; nervures dark, exactly

like O. vastator; balancers with ochreous white club ;

legs black (?), the first pair lost, four posterior, with the

basal joint of tarsi, dirty ochreous, and tip of intermediate

tibie of same colour.

Reared from a grain of wheat of a rosy colour, from

which the farina had been squeezed out possibly in

picking it from the ear. It was of a pink colour, and

from amongst it protruded an empty pupa-case of a

rusty ochreous colour, from which the fly had been

produced.

Distinguished from O. vastator by the base of the

shank being black instead of ferruginous.

‘“‘Neither is it the Musca Frit of Linneus, which I

doubt not is a Chlorops.”

Oscinis pusilla, Meigen.*

In a memoir published by Herr Kuhn in the ‘ Mit-

theilungen des landwirthschaftlichen Centralvereins fur

Schlesien’ (1859), x., p. 185, an account is given of the

injury committed by this little species on rye and white

wheat. ‘‘Sie lebt in Gesellschaft mit Musca Frrit,

Cereris, &c., rit welcher in ihrer Wintergeneration aus

Roggen und Weizenpflanzchen erzogen wurde, und kommt

entschieden mit ihr auch an Wiesengrasern vor.”

M. Boisduval (‘ Les insectes nuisibles,’ 1862, p. 282),

describes the history of Cecidomyia tritici and its para-

sites, Oscinis vastator, Curt., Chlorops lineata, Gueér.,

C. teniopus, Meig., C. Herpini, and C. pumilionis.

* «* Nigro-sznea, femoribus nigris tibiis tarsisque pallidis ; scutello

plano. Wabhrscheinlich ist diese Art, Oscinis Frit, Fall. Var. 3,

tibiis tarsisque pallidis.” Meigen, vi., p. 157.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1881.—parr Iv. (DEC.) 4m

626 ‘Prof. Westwolf on the minute Diptera, &c.

}

Taschenberg (‘Naturgesch. d. wirbellosen Thiere,’

1865), describes the following Muscide as injurious to

cereals :—Chlorops teniopus, C. strigula, Fabr., C. lineata,

C. nasuta, C. (Oscinis) Cereris,* Oscinis Frit, O. pusilla,

and Siphonella pumilionis.

Lastly, in the ‘ Bulletin de la Sociéte impériale des

Naturalistes de Moscou’ for 1880, No. 8, p. 126, is

contained an interesting memoir by Prof. K. Lindeman,

upon ‘‘ Zwei neue dem getreide schidliche Insekten

Russlands,” namely, 1, Hurytoma hordei of Walsh, the

larve of which produces dilatations on the stems of

rye (hence known under the name of the knot-worm) ;

and 2, Cecidomyia cerealis, the larva of which appears to

be identical with the insect known in North America

under the name of the joint-worm.

EXxpuANATION OF PuatE XXII.

Fie. 2. Oscinis avene, Bjerkander, magnified.

2a. Natural size of ditto.

2b. Head of ditto, seen sideways.

2c. Parts of mouth, highly magnified, showing the clavate

setose palpi, the acute horny tongue, and the large

bilobed lip.

2d. Parts of mouth, highly magnified, displayed by vertical

pressure.

2e. Mouth and antenna of ditto, magnified, seen partially

sideways.

3. An oat with the outer scales removed.

3a. Ditto, with the inner scales opened, showing the

withered plumose style (a), and the empty shell of

the Oscinis pupa (6).

* Osc. Cereris, Fallen, op. cit., p. 5. ‘‘Nigra nitida; fronte,

pectore, scutelloque albis, pedibus testaceis.”

Another species is described by Fallen under the name of Osc.

messoria, op. cit., p. 5, which is evidently connected with cereal

plants :—‘ Nigra, nitida, capite albo, pectore flavo vario, genubus

tarsisque testaceis. Hab. In agris demessis Scanie sat frequens.”

XXXIX. Descriptions of new species belonging to the

Homopterous family Cicadide. By W. L. Distant.

[Read December 7th, 1881.]

Tue following descriptions are offered to the Society,

anticipatory of a future monographic revision of the Cica-

did@, a family which has perhaps been the more neglected

owing to the involved nature of the work in which the

fine collection of these insects contained in the British

Museum were described. This, therefore, renders an

examination of Walker’s types indispensable, and, from

the nature of that author’s descriptions, it is questionable

whether without such comparison any work could be

effected without being more or less surcharged with

synonymy. As regards the last subject, 1 have incorpo-

rated none of my collected notes here, preferring to

publish them subsequently in a more complete form.

In the descriptive nomenclature which I have here

adopted, and which I have followed and similarly ex-

plained when treating the Central American fauna (Biol.

Centr. Am. Rhynch. Hom., p. 1, 1881), the following

should perhaps be clearly stated.

For the venation of the tegmina I have followed Stal,

but differ from that author in the use of the term

‘“‘scutellum,” which in my opinion is the ‘‘mesonotum,”’

and in which view | am supported by Burmeister and West-

wood. The “ scutellum,” as used by Germar, apparently

equals the ‘‘ metathoracic cross” of Uhler, and is con-

sidered here, in agreement with Burmeister, and, as

may be proved by easy dissection, as part of the meso-

notum, and is here alluded to as the ‘ basal cruci-

form elevation” of the same. I have also followed

Westwood in the numeration of the abdominal segments,

of which six are acknowledged, the basal one being

described as first and the apical one as sixth.

Of the species here described, three are Neotropical,

three Ethiopian, thirteen Oriental, one Palearctic, one

Australian, and one from the Pacific region.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PparT Iv. (DEC.)

628 Mr. Distant Wl escriptions of new species

Zammara columbia, n. 8.

Body above dull testaceous, variegated with fuscous

and pale markings. Head dull greenish, with a trans-

verse fuscous fascia between eyes, enclosing ocelli; eyes

ochraceous. Pronotum with the lateral and posterior

margins, and a central narrow longitudinal fascia,

ochraceous ; base of the last somewhat dilated and bor-

dered with fuscous ; lateral margins with a large irregular

spot near anterior margin ; extreme edge behind angle and

an irregular spot near posterior margin dull testaceous.

Mesonotum with two obconical and contiguous spots

reaching midway from anterior margin, bordered out-

wardly with ochraceous, and with their inner two-thirds

fuscous ; on each side of these, and immediately adjoin-

ing, is a dentate fuscous spot bordered with ochraceous ;

lateral margins greenish, with the extreme edge luteous.

Abdomen with the posterior segmental margins fuscous.

The head and thorax above is sparingly clothed with

yellow, the abdomen with hoary pilosity. Body beneath

paler, sternum greenish, abdomen testaceous ; lateral

margins of prosternum marked with fuscous as above.

Coxe and femora greenish; trochanters, bases and

apices of femora beneath, fuscous ; tibiew pale testaceous,

with the bases and apices of fore and intermediate tibiz

and tarsi and bases of posterior tibiz fuscous. Rostrum

pale testaceous, with the apex fuscous. 'Tegmina pale

ochraceous hyaline; with the veins, costal membrane, and

costal area, dull testaceous or greenish, and the following

fuscous spots: one at end of clavus, another at the end

of radial area, and a series situated on inner and outer

margins of apical areas; outer margin of clavus fuscous.

Head between eyes less than half the width of pro-

notum, with a distinct narrow, central, longitudinal

sulcation between ocelli; face moderately convex,

obscurely striate on lateral margins, and sulcated at

apex, its width about equal to its distance from outer

margin of eyes. Lateral margins of pronotum con-

siderably ampliated, and subacutely angulated. Tym-

pana greenish, dull testaceous inwardly, large, promi-

nent, with the dorsal lateral margins retlexed ; opercula

small, rounded, not meeting in front; rostrum just

passing posterior cox, and terminating between

opercula. Abdomen very broad, and somewhat flat-

belonging to the Homopterous family Cicadide. 629

tened ; tarsi three-jointed. Long. 28mm. Exp. tegm.

91 mm.

Hab. Colombia; Medellin.

This species is nearest allied to Z. nigriplaga, Walk.,

from which it differs by the narrower and less expanded

pronotum, the three-jointed tarsi, &c.

Odopeea jamaicensis, i. Ss.

3. Body pale greenish, varied with black markings,

and sparingly pilose. Head with the anterior and

posterior margins of front, a spot on each side above

insertion of antenne,- and a broken transverse fascia

across vertex between eyes enclosing ocelli, black.

Pronotum with an oblong spot near centre of an-

terior margin; a central |-shaped spot on front

of posterior margin; an oblique fascia behind eyes,

between which and centre is a small and slightly

curved fascia, and lateral margins, narrowly inwardly

and broadly outwardly, black. Mesonotum with two

large but short obconical fasciz on anterior margin,

which are followed by a smaller one on each side, and a

long straight oblique fascia near lateral margins, a

ji-shaped spot on disk, which has a small round spot

near each basal angle, and a small transverse fascia on

each side of cruciform basal elevation, black. Posterior

margin of metanotum black. Abdomen above with the

anterior segmental margins black. Body beneath with

the upper and posterior-lateral margins, and central

longitudinal fascia to face, lateral pronotal angles, and a

transverse fascia in front of intermediate cox, black ;

abdomen testaceous ; posterior segmental margins green;

discal anterior segmental margins and anal appendage

black. Tegmina and wings hyaline. Tegmina with

basal two-thirds of venation ochraceous, remainder

fuscous. Anastomoses, apices, and a subapical spot to

longitudinal veins of apical areas, broadly fuscous; costal

membrane greenish, with two fuscous spots near base;

claval area fuscous. Wings with the venation some-

what alternately ochraceous and fuscous, more broadly

fuscous near inner margin. ‘The body is broad and

robust ; abdomen gradually narrowing to apex; latitude

between outer margin of eyes and width of pronotum at

base equal. Lateral pronotal margins broadly produced

630 Mr. Distant'*escriptions of new species

and angulated. Tympana prominent and ovate ; oper-

cula wide, reaching centre of first abdominal segment,

narrowed and obtusely rounded, but not meeting in-

wardly. Rostrum just passing posterior coxe, with the

apex pitchy. Face broad, moderately tumid, coarsely

transversely striate, and with a deep central longitudinal

sulcation. Long. 23 mm. Exp. tegm. 70 mm.

Hab. Jamaica.

Allied to O. dilatata, Fabr., especially to the variety

suffusa, Walk., but differs from that species by having

the ulna veins very widely separated at base, the costal

membrane much broader, tympana broader and not

sinuated on upper inner margin, and the shorter and

gradually attenuated abdomen.

Pecilopsaltria leopardina, n. s.

?.. Head piceous, front somewhat paler, two spots

on lateral margins in front of eyes, and eyes ochraceous.

Pronotum ochraceous, with a few scattered spots on disk,

and borders of dilated lateral margins, black. Meso-

notum castaneous, with four somewhat obconical spots

on anterior margin, of which the central two are the

smallest, and a large central spot on disk black. Cruci-

form elevation at base of mesonotum ochraceous. Abdo-

men piceous, with the apical margins of abdominal

segments and apex of anal appendage ochraceous. Body

beneath piceous; lateral margins broadly ashy grey ;

basal joint of rostrum, opercula, apical margins of

abdominal segments, and anal appendage, ochraceous.

Legs castaneous ; posterior tibize ochraceous; some

irregular spots on cox; bases and apices of tibie and

tarsi piceous. ‘T'egmina with the basal third opaque ;

remainder pale hyaline; the opaque portion consists of

a broad central cretaceous fascia, margined outwardly

and inwardly with piceous. A broken central waved

fascia across centre of tegmina, widest on costal margin,

anastomoses broadly, and a double series of sub-

marginal spots placed on longitudinal veins, piceous.

Wings, excepting outer margin, opaque, piceous, with a

broad central cretaceous fascia extending about half-way

across from anterior margin. Outer margin pale

hyaline. Head, including outer margins of eyes, con-

siderably broader than base of mesonotum; lateral

belonging to the Homopterous family Cicadide. 681

margins of pronotum widely and acutely dilated; the

anterior margins rounded, the posterior more acute;

rostrum reaching posterior coxe ; face globose, strongly

and transversely striate, and deeply and longitudinally

sulcated. Long. 28mm. Exp. tegm. 83 mm.

Hab. East Africa, near Zanzibar.

Allied to P. quadraticollis, Butl., from which it at once

differs by the semi-opaque tegmina and wings. The

tegmina and wings in pattern have considerable affinity

to P. subrufa, Walk., an Indian species.

Platypleura inquinata, n. s.

?. Body castaneous ; mesonotum dark castaneous.

Head with the frontal margin, a spot above insertion of

antenne, area of ocelli, a transverse fascia on inner

side of anterior margin of eyes, and two small longi-

tudinal fasciz at base between ocelli and eyes, black.

Pronotum with two transverse fascize, commencing behind

eyes and carried obliquely to disk, where they are

thickened, but do not meet; between these and inner

sides of lateral margins two other straight oblique fascie,

inner border of dilated lateral margins, and a somewhat

indistinct central quadrate spot on inner side of

posterior margin, black. Mesonotum with two obscure

obconical spots at base, and some other indistinct mark-

ings, black. Anterior dorsal segmental margins fuscous ;

anal appendage above black. Anterior margin of face,

a spot on coxe and trochanters, apices of femora, tibi

(excepting base), tarsi, and apex of rostrum, fuscous.

Tegmina creamy, opaque, irregularly spotted and shaded

with fuscous, with irregular hyaline spots, of which the

following are the most conspicuous: one near the end of

radial area, two occupying the centres of the two upper

ulnar areas, one a little before centre of third ulnar

area, a smaller one near apex of fourth ulnar area, an

irregular elongate series (mostly confluent) on apical

areas, which are largest on the sixth area, and absent

on the seventh, and a large elongate spot on outer

margin at end of clavus; veins castaneous; costal

membrane and area fuscous. Wings ochraceous ; apical

third castaneous, basal third much suffused with

castaneous, anal margin pale fuscous, outer margin

creamy, hyaline near anal margin, and castaneous at

632 Mr. Disanewacennone of new species

centre. Face globose, transversely and coarsely striate,

with a deep central longitudinal sulecation. Head, in-

cluding eyes, equal in width to base of mesonotum.

Lateral margins of pronotum much ampliated, and

subacutely angulated; posterior margins transversely

striated. Rostrum almost reaching apical margin

of third abdominal segment. Body more or less

clothed with pale pilosity. Long. 28 mm. Exp. tegm.

81 mm.

Hab. EK. Africa, Nyassa (Cotterell).

This species belongs to the limbata group of the genus.

Platypleura @rea, n. 8.

?. Body ochraceous and sparingly pilose. Head

with the ocellar area, on each side of this a small

curved fascia pointing towards eyes and inner frontal

margin, black. Pronotum with a central longitudinal

fascia, bordered on each side with an oblique fascia in

shape of the letter W, black. Mesonotum with four

obconical basal spots, of which the central two are the

largest; on each side of these a straight oblique fascia,

a small central longitudinal fascia on disk, and a large

lunate spot near centre of posterior margin, black.

Abdomen above with basal margins of segments and

anal appendage black. Central sulcation of face, a

transverse spot at insertion of antenne, apex of rostrum,

and apices of tarsi, pitchy. Tegmina pale hyaline ;

basal third ochraceous, opaque, and pilose, with the

following fuscous markings: two spots on costal mem-

brane, one at base, three in radial area, a spot occupy-

ing the base of each of the three upper ulnar areas, a

large elongate spot near middle of fourth, and a narrow

linear one reaching apex of fifth ulnar area, a basal

claval streak, anastomoses, and a submarginal series of

smaller spots, placed in pairs on the veins, the inner

being the largest. Besides these, on the hyaline portion,

are a number of irregular, somewhat indistinct, pale

fuscous spots. Wings pale hyaline; nervures ochraceous ;

basal half fuscous; outer margin of this fuscous area

sublunate. Face globose, with a longitudinal sulcation,

and strongly and transversely striate. Head, including

eyes, about equal in width to base of mesonotum. Lateral

margins of pronotum ampliated, and subacutely angu-

belonging to the Homopterous family Cicadide. 638

lated. Rostrum just passing posterior cox. Long. 22

to 25mm. Exp. tegm. 69 to 74 mm.

Hab. W. Africa, Calabar.

This species is allied to P. strwmosa, Fabr., from which

it is easily separated by the basal half of the wings being

fuscous. The markings of the pronotum and tegmina

are also distinct, but I am unable to compare the

opercula, as the four specimens which I possess are all

females.

Leptopsaltria pryeri, n. 8.

3. Body above pale testaceous; head with the

frontal margin pitchy ; the area of the ocelli black ; the

posterior margin also narrowly black. Pronotum with a

central longitudinal suleation, the edges of which are

raised, commencing on anterior margin, but not extend-

ing through more than half the pronotal length, on each

side of which are two oblique and very distinct strie ;

lateral and posterior margins ochraceous. Mesonotum

with two obconical spots on anterior margin, the edges

of which are black. Abdomen with a distinct transverse

sulcation at the segmental sutures. Body beneath uni-

colorous ; opercula pale inwardly, narrowly bordered with

black ; four large dark castaneous tubercles placed in

pairs near posterior margins of second and third abdo-

minal segments. Tegmina and wings very pale trans-

parent ochraceous ; tegmina with the transverse veins at

the bases of second, third, and fifth apical areas infus-

cated, and a submarginal series of pale fuscous spots

situated near the apices of the longitudinal veins ; basal

area pale ochraceous ; claval area pale testaceous ; wings

pale testaceous at base. The face is large and tumid,

with a somewhat faint longitudinal sulcation, but strongly

transversely striated ; rostrum with the apex pitchy, and

passing posterior coxe; opercula situated somewhat

widely apart, the posterior margins oblique, with the

lateral angles rounded, and reaching about centre of

second abdominal segment; anterior femora with two

large and prominent spines. Long. 26mm. Exp. tegm.

82 mm.

Hab. North Borneo (Pryer).

This species is allied to L. guttularis, Walk., of which

the type is a female, but Stal describes the male,

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—PpaRT IV. (DEC.) 4N

634 Mr. Distan@® descriptions of new specics

compared with L. tuberosa, Sign., as having the opercula

‘**muinus longe producta.” In specimens of L. tuberosa,

in my own collection, the opercula are short, reaching

the base of the second abdominal segment, whilst in

L. pryert they are much more elongated, and attain in

length to the middle of that segment.

Dundubia radha, n. 8.

3. Body above pale castaneous. Head with the

area of the ocelli black. Pronotum with the lateral and

posterior margins, and a very narrow anterior margin,

ochraceous; the last is inwardly margined with two

small transverse linear black spots, and the posterior

margin has also a very narrow discal inner border of the

same colour. Mesonotum with a large central obconical

spot on anterior margin, with a very indistinct central

line, and with the lateral borders black, outwardly mar-

gined with ochraceous ; five indistinct black basal spots,

three within the anterior angle of the cruciform eleva-

tion, and one on each side of the same. Abdomen rather

darker in colour, with the segmental sutures pitchy.

Under side of the body concolorous; opercula dull

ochraceous. ‘Tegmina and wings pale hyaline ; tegmina

with the costal membrane and claval area dull ochraceous;

wings with the base narrowly of the same colour. The

body is very elongated ; the head, including eyes, a little

narrower than base of pronotum ; the face is prominently

convex, faintly longitudinally sulcated, and transversely

striated ; the rostrum reaches the middle of the posterior

coxe ; the opercula are very long, reaching the penulti-

mate abdominal segment ; they are suddenly narrowed

on first abdominal segment, and then gradually widened

and rounded on each side, the maximum width being at

junction of second and third abdominal segments, from

whence they are gradually narrowed to apex, which is

obtusely rounded. Long. 53 mm. Exp. tegm. 124 mm.

Hab. Madras Presidency; Masuri Hills.

This species is allied to D. mannifera, from which it

differs by the much broader head, attenuated apices of

the opercula, and its much larger size. In superficial

appearance it bears a strong affinity to the genus

Cosmopsaltria,

belonging to the Homopterous family Cicadide. 685

Dundulia tripurasura, n. s.

$. Head, pronotum and mesonotum ochraceous.

Head: front with a triangular black spot near base,

and transverse black strie which do not meet in the

centre ; vertex with two large oblique and irregular

black fasciz on disk, and a large irregular black spot on

inner margin of eyes. Pronotum with two central

longitudinal black fascia, and three oblique black striz

on each side, the outer one submarginal and somewhat

rounded. Mesonotum with a large central clavate spot,

of which the apex terminates on anterior margin, bor-

dered on each side by a subconical spot, followed by

a small triangular one, and a wide submarginal fascia,

black. Abdomen dull sanguineous, with a series of

discal segmental black fasciz (these are much larger in

some specimens and subconfluent), and a lateral seg-

mental row of irregular black spots. Body beneath with

the sternum ochraceous, covered with greyish pubescence.

Abdomen dull sanguineous ; opercula pale sanguineous ;

legs ochraceous. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline.

Front very prominent and convex ; head, including eyes,

narrower than base of pronotum, subequalto mesonotum

in width. Opercula subtriangular, well separated at

base, gradually becoming more divergent, and narrowing

to apex, which is obtuse, and almost reaches apex of

fourth abdominal segment. Anterior femora armed with

three spines; two moderately large and ochraceous ;

apical one small and black. Posterior tibie with three

black spines on inner side near apex, and two smaller

and wider apart on margin. Long. 33 mm. Exp. tegm.

85 mm.

Hab. Assam.

This species is allied to D. vibrans, Walk., from

which it structurally differs by the long and _ sub-

triangular opercula. The abdomen is also broader, the

tegmina unspotted, and the sanguineous colour of the

abdomen and opercula are also somewhat peculiar and

distinct.

Dundubia nagarasingna, 0. s.

3. Body above castaneous. Head with centre of

front and an oblique fascia on each side of ocelli

636 Mr. Teta detoripeans of new species

ochraceous. Pronotum with a central fascia and lateral

and posterior margins ochraceous. Mesonotum with

two anterior central obconical spots denoted by black

margins; margins of basal cruciform elevation ochra-

ceous. Abdomen with the basal half sparingly clothed

with greyish pile, the apical half much more densely so,

and with a broad lateral fascia of greyish pile on each

side. Body beneath, with the sternum, legs and

opercula, pale ochraceous; abdomen pale castaneous.

Tegmina and wings pale hyaline; costal membrane of

tegmina ochraceous. Head broad, including eyes sub-

equal in width to base of pronotum, and wider than

mesonotum ; the face is very tumid, the centre longitu-

dinally suleated for half the length, and sides transversely

striated ; rostrum reaching apex of posterior cox ; oper-

cula long, reaching base of last abdominal segment,

narrowest and with the edges concave from base to

commencement of second abdominal segment, from

which they are somewhat suddenly widened with the

edges convex; apex somewhat narrower and rounded.

Anterior femora with two long ochraceous spines ; posterior

tibiz with two long black spines, somewhat close together

on inner margin near apex, and two much wider apart

on outer margin. Long. 34mm. Exp. tegm. 95 mm.

Hab. N.W. Burmah.

Iam somewhat at a loss for a closely-allied species

with which to compare D. nagarasingna, but its distinct

colour and markings, and shape and length of the

opercula, should sufficiently distinguish it.

Cosmopsaltria sita, n. s.

3. Head: front with a central fascia furcate ante-

riorly, and an oblique spot on each side at the base ;

vertex with a large triangular spot enclosing ocelli, and

an irregular longitudinal fascia near inner margin of

eyes, black. Pronotum with two central longitudinal

fascie joimed and rounded near posterior margin,

widened and angulated near anterior margin; on each

side of these is a small discal waved line, and two

oblique fasciz near lateral margins (the outer one sub-

marginal and rounded), black. Mesonotum with a

central longitudinal fascia ; on each side of this a clavate,

smaller and suboblique fascia, followed by two linear

belonging to the Homopterous family Cicadide. 687

spots on anterior margin, and a discal waved irregular

fascia on each side. Abdomen with the segments (ex-

cluding first) more or less piceous at base, and with a

lateral segmental row of piceous spots. Body beneath

ochraceous and unicolorous. Tegmina and wings pale

hyaline ; tegmina with the venation of basal half ochra-

ceous, and apical half fuscous; transverse veins at base

of second and third apical areas broadly infuscated ;

transverse veins at base of first and second ulnar areas

fuscous, ochraceous at junction. The head, including

eyes, is considerably narrower than base of pronotum ;

the face is only moderately convex, sulcated from beyond

the middle, the sides distinctly striated (the face has

also an oblong spot bordered with black at base, and the

upper striations are also of that colour). The opercula

reach the third abdominal segment ; they are moderately

truncate outwardly, widened and angulated inwardly

(but not meeting) on first abdominal segment, and then

diverging and narrowing to apex, which is obtuse and

rounded ; the inner margin is slightly convex. Rostrum

reaching a little beyond posterior coxe. Anterior femora

with two strong spines. Long. 24 mm. Exp. tegm.

73 mm.

Hab. §. India or Bombay ?

This and the two following species are somewhat

difficult to separate from the genus Dundubia, save and

except by the length of the rostrum. They also resemble

the Vibrans group of that genus.

Cosmopsaltria durga, ni. 8.

3. Head, pronotum and mesonotum dull ochraceous.

Head with the following black markings: an irregular spot

on front; a large central fascia on vertex, reaching from

anterior to posterior margins, produced on each side in

front, and enclosing ocelli; a curved fascia a little before

inner margin of eyes, and a subtriangular spot on apex

of lateral margin. Pronotum with the anterior margin

(narrow), a central longitudinal fascia, bordered with

black on each side, and a biangulated fascia on each

lateral margin, pale ochraceous; two narrow oblique fascize

on each side, a narrow longitudinal fascia on each side of

disk, inner posterior, and inner and outer lateral margins,

black, Mesonotum with a clavate central longitudinal

638 My. Ik elena esc ipben of new species

fascia, bounded on each side by a shorter, broader, and

much angulated one, followed by an elongated spot, and

by a sublateral broad fascia, broken near anterior margin,

two rounded spots near base, and two smaller ones on

anterior branches of cruciform elevation at base. Ab-

domen pale castaneous, disk piceous, gradually widening

from base to apex, where it is wholly black. Under side

of body ochraceous and unspotted; a black spot on

inner margin of eyes, anterior tibiz and tarsi, apices of

intermediate tibie and tarsi, and apex of rostrum,

piceous. Opercula pale greenish. ‘legmina and wings

pale hyaline, transverse veins at bases of second and third

apical areas, infuscated. Face broadly sulcated in

centre, and transversely striated (many of the striz

black) ; rostrum passing posterior coxe, and reaching

inner angles of opercula. Opercula reaching second

abdominal segment, the outer margins subparallel with

lateral abdominal margins, hipped and widest (but not

meeting) near bases of femora, from thence diverging

and gradually narrowing to apex, which is obtusely

angulated. Anterior femora with two long and pro-

minent teeth, and a shorter one near apex. Posterior

tibiz with three inner and two outer long marginal

spines. Abdomen broad, apex obtuse. Long. 33 mm.

Exp. tegm. 98 mm.

Hab. Assam.

This species, in size and markings (excluding the

spotted tegmina), much resembles Dundubia tripurasura,

Dist. The less produced frontal portion of the head and

the length of the rostrum, however, have forced me to

place it in the genus Cosmopsaltria.

Cosmopsaltria mongolica, n. 8.

3. Body above ochraceous; head with the black

markings as in C. durga; pronotum with two central

longitudinal fasciz placed close together, narrowed,

rounded, and meeting on posterior margin, more

separated and widened on anterior margin, on each side

of these a curved fascia followed by two oblique ones.

Mesonotum marked and spotted as in C. durga. Ab-

domen with a series of transverse, irregular, discal, dull,

castaneous fasciz, becoming confluent, and occupying the

whole of apex, and a lateral segmental series of irregular-

shaped spots of the same colour. Body beneath pale

belonging to the Homopterous family Cicadide. 689

ochraceous, a large spot on inner margin of eyes, apical

margins of face and apex of rostrum, piceous. Tegmina

and wings pale hyaline. Face not prominently convex,

with the disk suleated and the margins strongly striated.

Rostrum passing posterior coxe, about reaching inner

angles of opercula; opercula reaching third abdominal

segment, with the outer margins parallel with lateral

margins of abdomen for half their length, then becoming

convex, and again narrowed to apex, widened inwardly,

but not meeting at apex of first abdominal segment, and

then narrowed and divergent to apex, which is broad

and rounded. Posterior tibie with two long spines on

inner and outer margins. Long. 31mm. Exp. tegm.

82 mm.

Hab. North China.

Closed allied to C. durga, Dist., but smaller, the teg-

mina unspotted, the face much less convex, the opercula

longer, with their apices broadened and rounded. The

abdomen narrowed towards apex, and the number of

spines to posterior tibiz different.

Cosmopsaltria abdulla, n. s.

3. Body above castaneous, more or less covered

with greyish pubescence and pilosity. Head with the

vertex somewhat sparingly pilose, and the area of the

ocelli a little nfuscated. Pronotum sparingly pubescent,

with a central X-shaped space denoted by striz, fol-

lowed by two oblique striz, the outer one submarginal

and slightly curved, lateral and posterior margins

densely pubescent. Mesonotum with two faintly indi-

cated obovate spots on anterior margin, sparingly

pubescent, the lateral margins and region of the cruci-

form basal elevation much more densely pubescent.

Abdomen sparingly pubescent, but much more densely

so on disk and lateral margins. Under side of body

ochraceous ; anterior and intermediate femora with the

bases and apices fuscous, the central portion pale

ochraceous. Anterior tibiz castaneous, and tarsi pitchy ;

intermediate tibiz pale castaneous, with the base nayr-

rowly and the apex broadly piceous. Posterior legs pale

castaneous. Apices of femora, bases and apices of tibie

dark castaneous. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline;

tegmina with the costal membrane and basal area cas-

taneous, claval area pitchy, transverse veins at bases of

640 Mr. Distantigglescriptions of new specres

second, third, and fifth apical areas infuscated, and a

submarginal series of small fuscous spots at apices of

longitudinal veins; wings with anterior claval margin

and a curved basal streak, dark castaneous. The face is

very swollen and convex beneath, longitudinally sulcated

and transversely striated; the rostrum just extends

beyond base of femora; the opercula reach the base of

the fourth abdominal segment; the outer margins are

deeply narrowed and concave near base; they then

become slightly convex and directed upwards along the

lateral abdominal margins ; the inner margins are also

narrowed near base, and then become slightly convex to

apex, which is broad and rounded; these opercula are

very wide apart at base, and are confined to the lateral

side of the under surface of the abdomen. Long. 46 mm.

Exp. tegm. 116 to 122 mm.

Hab. Singapore; Penang.

This is a large and distinct species of Cosmopsaltria,

which I have placed near C. doryca, Boisd., from which

it differs by its larger size, more spotted tegmina, and

different size and structure of the opercula, &c.

Notr.—Of four specimens in my collection only one (here de-

scribed) possesses the greyish pubescence above, which evidently is

easily obliterated or worn away.

Cosmopsaltria oopaga, n. 8.

Head dull ochraceous. Posterior lateral margins of

front black; two basal ocelli surrounded with black,

which extends to posterior margin. Pro- and meso-

notums pale olivaceous; the first with a central longi-

tudinal ochraceous fascia, bordered with black, which is

widest anteriorly, and rounded with the black lines con-

tinuous posteriorly. Mesonotum with two obconical

spots, bordered with black on anterior margin, followed

by a small black spot and an anterior lateral fascia; a

curved basal fascia and a small spot on each frontal side

of cruciform elevation of the same colour. Abdomen

dull ochraceous, inclining to olivaceous, with the lateral

side sparingly covered with greyish pubescence, and with

an indistinct lateral segmental row of fuscous spots.

Underside of body pale ochraceous or olivaceous. Teg-

mina and wings pale hyaline. The body is broad and

somewhat depressed, the abdomen narrowing at apex.

belonging to the Homopterous family Cicadide. 641

The head, including eyes, is narrower than base of pro-

notum, and but little wider than mesonotum. The

rostrum about reaches the apex of the first abdominal

segment. The opercula, which almost reach the apex of

the fourth abdominal segment, are situated on lateral

side of abdomen, much wider apart at base than at apex.

They are concavely narrowed on each side near base,

and are then widened and convex on each side to apex,

which is broad and rounded, the extreme apex being on

outer margin. ‘The face is swollen, with a curved black

fascia at base, and a central longitudinal sulcation ; it is

profoundly transversely striated, the interstices being

very broad. Long. 39mm. Exp. tegm. 96 mm.

Hab. Burmah.

This species is allied to C. doryca, Boisd., but the

body is much broader, the tegmina unspotted, and the

shape of the opercula more like those of C. abdulla, Dist.

Cosmopsaltria operculissima, 0. 8.

3. Body above castaneous. Head with lateral

margins of front, lateral margins of vertex, area of

ocelli, and an irregular spot between ocelli and eyes,

black. Pronotum with two central, longitudinal, slightly

curved black, fasciz, concave externally, a small curved

fascia on each side of disk, and the oblique striew also

black. Mesonotum very dark castaneous, with two

obconical spots on anterior margin, denoted by black

margins, and with some very indistinct darker shadings

on lateral sides of disk. Cruciform elevation at base

pale castaneous. Abdomen somewhat darker on disk

and near lateral margins. Body beneath much paler,

and clothed with ochraceous pubescence; face cas-

taneous, with the centre black; opercula ochraceous,

with a broad subapical fuscous band, both above and

below. ‘T'egmina and wings pale hyaline; veins, costal

membrane, basal area, and claval margin of tegmina,

castaneous. Abdomen very short, less than length from

front of head to base of mesonotum; head broad, in-

cluding eyes, equal to width of pronotum at base;

opercula very large, about reaching apex of abdomen,

and abutting on each side of apical lateral margins;

they are narrow, and situated wide apart at base, nar-

rowed and concave on each side about basal abdominal

segment, and then broadly widened and convex on each

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1881.—pParT Iv. (DEC.) 40

642 Mr. Distar® descriptions of new species

side, particularly so inwardly, where they considerably

overlap on disk of abdomen. Apices broad, and some-

what angularly rounded. Face with a broad central

sulcation, and the sides strongly and transversely

striated. Rostrum about reaching posterior cox.

Long. 24 mill. Exp. tegm. 78 mill.

Hab. North Borneo (Pryer).

The great size of the opercula, compared with the

abdomen, distinguishes this species from others of the

genus, and, as far as my experience extends, renders it

unique in that respect.

Pomponia bindusara, n. 8.

&. Body above pale ochraceous; head with lateral

margins of front bordered with black strie, and with

two contiguous black spots on disk ; two oblique striz

on lateral margins of vertex and area of ocelli black.

Pronotum with two central longitudinal fascie, narrowed,

joined, and rounded on posterior margin, widely diver-

gent and terminating on anterior margin, a small curved

fascia on each side of disk, and oblique striz also black.

Mesonotum with a central fascia, a shorter and more

oblique one on each side, followed by an elongate spot

on anterior margin, and a long, somewhat broken, sub-

marginal fascia, black; two rounded spots in front of

cruciform elevation, and two smaller ones on anterior

branches of the same also black. Abdomen somewhat

thickly covered with pale pubescence, with a series of

discal segmental markings, two large spots near lateral

margins of third and fourth segments, and a lateral

segmental row of small spots, black, Underside of body

pale ochraceous. Apical disk of abdomen black. Teg-

mina and wings pale hyaline; transverse veins, at bases

of second and third apical areas, slightly infuscated.

Face convex. Apical two-thirds with a narrow central

sulcation, transversely striated, the strie black near

centre. Rostrum slightly passing posterior coxe, its

apex black. Opercula small; posterior margins obtusely

angulated, and reaching base of first abdominal seg-

ment, widened and obtusely angulated, but not meeting

inwardly. Posterior tibize with three inner and two

outer marginal spines. Anterior femora with two long and

prominent spines. Long. 30mm. Exp. tegm. 87 mm.

Hab. Tenasserim.

belonging to the Homopterous family Cicadide. 648

This species, on its upper surface, bears a great

resemblance to Dundubia vibrans, Walk., and to Cos-

mopsaltria sita, Dist. Many of these Indian species,

belonging to the genera Dunduhia, Cosmopsaltria, and

Pomponia, have a common facies in colour and markings,

which is probably due to mimetic resemblance.

Pompoma kama, 0. 8.

¢. Head, pronotum and mesonotum greenish. Head

with the lateral sides of the front black; vertex with

two transverse lines on lateral margins, somewhat con-

nected inwardly by a short oblique fascia and area of

ocelli, from which proceed two narrow fasciz to posterior

margin, black. Pronotum with a central black clavate

fascia, of which the centre is ochraceous, widest and

much angulated at anterior margin, narrowest and some-

what acutely pointed on posterior margin; an arcuated

narrow fascia on each side of disk; oblique strie pale

fuscous; lateral submarginal strie black, and an

oblique fuscous spot on lateral margins; posterior

margin narrowly edged with black. Mesonotum with

two large obconical spots margined with black, and a

large A\ fascia in front of anterior angles of basal

cruciform elevation. 'Tympana pale greenish, fuscous

anteriorly, and bright cretaceous-white near lateral

margins. Abdomen castaneous; lateral margins of

basal segment bright cretaceous-white. Body beneath

with the head, sternum, and opercula greenish ; abdo-

men castaneous. Legs greenish; apices of tibia and

tarsi and tarsal claws black. Tegmina pale fuscous

hyaline ; anastomoses and apices of lateral veins at

margin broadly infuscated, and a blackish spot near

termination of radial vein. Wings pale hyaline. Face

broad and convex, the centre blackish, and with a

central longitudinal impression, and transverse stria-

tions. Rostrum with the apex black, and just passing

posterior cox. Opercula very short, not reaching base

of first abdominal segment. Abdomen beneath deeply

suleated at lateral margins; the disk somewhat gibbous.

Head, including eyes, narrower than base of pronotum,

about equal to base of mesonotum. Long. 18 mm,

Exp. tegm. 66 mm.

Hab. North India, Darjeeling.

644 Mr. Distantlescriptions of new species

Allied to P. transversa, Walk., but much smaller,

abdomen narrower and more linear, head broader in

comparison with pronotum, and colour different, &c.

Pomponia madhava, n. s.

3. Body pale greenish ; abdomen with a lateral row of

three large oblong spots, only denoted by their darker

green margins, occupying the lateral sides of the first

three segments; segmental incisures narrowly dark

ereenish. Ocelli red; eyes fuscous. Mesonotum with

two very faint obconical spots. Body beneath pale

greenish ; legs and rostrum pale ochraceous. Tegmina

and wings pale hyaline; the first with the costal mem-

brane and veins pale greenish. The head, including

eyes, is narrower than the base of pronotum ; the face

is broad and convex, with a broad central longitudinal

impression and strong transverse striations ; the opercula

are small, not reaching apex of metasternum ; the second

and third abdominal segments beneath are rounded, pro-

duced, and pointed anteriorly; the rostrum reaches

posterior coxe. Long. 22mm. Exp. tegm. 55 mm.

Hab. Assam.

Allied to P. tigroides, Walk., from which it differs by

its being pale greenish and unicolorous, the tegmina

broader, with the costal margin irregularly curved and

not deflexed at termination of radial vein, and also

in having both the second and third abdominal segments

beneath rounded, produced, and pointed anteriorly.

Psaltoda aurora, n. 8.

3. Head black; vertex with a spot at anterior

lateral margins; two transverse spots on each side of

disk, near anterior and posterior margins; ocelli and

eyes ochraceous. Pronotum dull, obscure ochraceous,

with two central longitudinal black fasciw, more

separated, and widest apart at anterior margin, much

closer together near posterior margin, where they are

joined to a broad basal central fascia of the same colour ;

an obscure arcuated fascia on each side of disk, and

oblique strie also black. Posterior and lateral margins

bright ochraceous, narrowly edged with black. Meso-

notum dark, obscure ochraceous, with two central

belonging to the Homopterous family Cicadide. 645

obconical spots, on each side of which is a much longer

and more angulated spot, and a large broad spot, elon-

gated and narrowly pointed anteriorly, situated in front

of cruciform elevation, black ; cruciform basal elevation

bright ochraceous, with the anterior branches black.

Scutellum black. Abdomen orange-yellow ; first abdo-

minal segment with centre of basal margin and lateral

sides of apical margin black. Body beneath bright

ochraceous ; face, anterior margins of head, inner mar-

gins of eyes, anterior and intermediate tibie and tarsi

and base of metasternum, black. Femora ochraceous,

streaked with black. Rostrum pitchy, ochraceous

towards base. Tegmina pale hyaline; veins fuscous,

ochraceous towards base; costal membrane bright

ochraceous; transverse veins at bases of second and

third apical areas infuscated. Wings pale hyaline ;

veins fuscous and ochraceous. The face is long, broad,

and very convex, with a narrow central sulcation and

strong transverse striations ; the rostrum reaches pos-

terior coxe. The opercula are broad, produced, angulated,

and slightly overlapping interiorly, subtruncate out-

wardly, rounded posteriorly, and not reaching anterior

margins of tympana. Long. 48 mm. Exp. tegm.

120 mm.

Hab. Australia, Rockhampton. (Coll. Dist. Mus.

Goddefroy).

This species differs from P. m@rens, Germ., not only

by its large size and brighter and different coloration,

but also by the broader and more convex face, somewhat

shorter rostrum, longer and not apically compressed

abdomen, &c. It is also allied to P. argentata, Germ., a

species which, from the description of Germar, and

specimens thus labelled in the British Museum (these

were seen under this name by Stal, when he critically

examined the collection), appears to be very closely

allied to P. merens.

Cicada kuruduadua, n. 8.

3. Head, pronotum and mesonotum pale ochraceous,

tinged with green. Head: front green, with two central

black spots; vertex ochraceous, with a broad, basal,

transverse, black fascia. Pronotum with a central fascia,

an irregular transverse basal patch on disk, and lateral

and posterior margins, greenish ; oblique stria fuscous,

646 Mr. DistantMlescriptions of new species

forming two distinct fuscous spots on each side of

central fascia. Mesonotum with two central fascia,

narrow at commencement on anterior margin, and

thickened and curved inwards at termination on disk,

followed by two contiguous spots, a sublateral fascia

much curved inwardly at apex, and two rounded spots in

front of basal cruciform elevation, black. Cruciform

elevation and abdomen castaneous, the last sparingly

pilose. Body beneath ochraceous ; face green, irregularly

bordered with black on each side ; coxe and legs tinged

with greenish ; lateral margins of sternum and opercula

broadly cretaceous-white. Tegmina and wings pale

hyaline ; tegmina with the costal membrane and basal

portion of venation green; wings with the base very

narrowly pale ochraceous. Face not centrally sulcated ;

sides transversely striated. Rostrum passing the inter-

mediate cox. Opercula about reaching the base of

second abdominal segment, outwardly truncate, pos-

teriorly somewhat angularly rounded, slightly over-

lapping along inner margins. Anterior femora armed

with two strong spines. Long. 33 mm. Exp. tegm.

100 mm.

Hab. Fiji lslands. Mus. Goddefroy, Coll. Dist.

This is a very beautifully marked and distinct species

of the genus. Iam unacquainted at present with any

near ally. I possess a female specimen (possibly dis-

coloured), in which the head and pronotum are very

dark and dull ochraceous, the mesonotum castaneous,

and the abdomen blackish. The usual green markings

of the tegmina are also castaneous in this specimen.

Tibicen aurengzebe, n.s.

3. Body above dull dark ochraceous. Head with

the front margined anteriorly by two narrow black strie ;

ocelli narrowly margined with black; eyes pale ochra-

ceous. Pronotum with a central longitudinal sulcation,

bordered with a small fuscous spot on each side, at

anterior margin, starting from a wide, transverse,

and somewhat raised base, on the centre of which is a

fuscous spot; oblique striz narrowly fuscous; lateral

anterior and posterior margins much paler. Mesonotum

with two short obconical central fuscous spots, and a

large sublateral and somewhat broken fascia of the same

belonging to the Homopterous family Cicadide. 647

colour on each side. Abdomen with the posterior

segmental margins narrowly and obscurely paler. Body

beneath concolorous; centre of face, metasternum, disk,

and apex of abdomen, fuscous. Legs concolorous ; femora

streaked with fuscous; bases and apices of tibie, and

apical joints of tarsi, also fuscous. ‘Tegmina and wings

pale hyaline and tale-like ; tegmina with costal and basal

half of venation ochraceous, remainder fuscous; trans-

verse veins at bases of second and third apical areas

infuscated. Width of head, between outer margins of

eyes, rather less than that of pronotum at base ; pro-

notum a little more than twice as broad as long; face

with the base much elevated, somewhat narrowing to

apex, distinctly longitudinally sulcated, and strongly

transversely striate. Rostrum about reaching posterior

coxe, with the apex pitchy; opercula slender, curved

inwardly, but not meeting at base or apex. Long.

18mm. Exp. tegm. 48 mm.

Hab. Bombay Presidency.

Carineta oberthiiri, n. 8.

g. Head, pronotum and mesonotum greenish ;

abdomen dull reddish. Head with the front margined

anteriorly with several dark transverse strie, their edges

raised; vertex somewhat reddish in front of eyes; the

ocelli very pale luteous; the eyes greenish. Pronotum

with a central green longitudinal fascia, not reaching

anterior or posterior margins, widened and truncated

anteriorly, rounded posteriorly ; a curved fascia on each

lateral margin, and two rounded spots near centre of

base, black. Mesonotum with two faint contiguous

central spots, on each side of which is a large but very

obscure fascia; basal cruciform elevation and frenum

reddish. Body beneath with the sternum greenish, and

the abdomen reddish ; cox and femora greenish ; tibie

and tarsi reddish. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline ;

tegmina with the venation and costal membrane and area

greenish ; the anterior edge of costal membrane and

claval margin fuscous. The width of the head between

the eyes is equal to the length of the head and pro-

notum taken together, but much narrower than pronotum

at base, where it is more than twice broader than long.

The face is very convex, and much produced at base,

with a wide, central longitudinal sulcation, and strong

648 Mr. Distant’ S@scriptions of new Cicadide.

transverse striations. The rostrum just passes the

intermediate cox. The opercula have the apices nar-

rowed and much curved inwardly, but not meeting.

Long. 28 mm. Exp. tegm. 75 mm.

Hab. Amazons, Ega (M.de Mathan). Colls. Oberthur

and Distant.

This species, in general size and venation of tegmina,

is allied to C. socia, Uhler, from which it differs by the

long produced head, very different colour and mark-

ings, &c.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON

For tHE Year 1881.

February 2, 1881.

H. T. Starnron, Esq., F.R.S., &c., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

The President made some prefatory remarks, thanking the Society

for electing him to that office. He nominated Sir John Lubbock, Bart.,

Mr. R. Meldola, and Mr. W. L. Distant as Vice-Presidents for the ensuing

year.

Election of Members.

Mr. Alfred Lloyd, F.C.S. (Dome House, Upper Bognor), and Mr.

Theodore Wood (5, Selwyn Terrace, Jasper Road, Upper Norwood), were

balloted for and elected Ordinary Members of the Society.

Exhibitions, de.

Mr. O. Salvin exhibited two large boxes of Insects of all Orders, collected

on the Altos and Pacific coast of Guatemala by Mr. Champion. ‘These had

but just arrived, and had not yet been critically examined.

Mr. W. A. Forbes exhibited a curious filamentous growth upon a leaf

from New Britain, due to the presence of one of the Coccide ; also the larva

of one of the Blattide from Pernambuco, North Brazil, which was remarkable

for its superficial resemblance to an Isopod crustacean. These larve were

common under the bark of trees in damp woods.

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan exhibited two examples of the fungoid parasites of

insects. Firstly, a Spha@ria (Cordyceps) attacking a larva from South America,

@ i)

said to be the destructive cotton worm. ‘The larve exhibited were certainly

coleopterous, and Mr. M‘Lachlan considered it probable they belonged to

the genus Dynastes. Secondly, a moth, one of the Noctua, from South

Wales, attacked by a species of Jsaria.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse was inclined to refer the South American larva

to the genus Passalus, from an examination of the form of the head.

Mr. M‘Lachlan also exhibited three males and one female of Thore

concinna, a beautiful dragon-fly from Ecuador described in his paper read

this evening.

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited two specimens of Pezomachus distinctus,

a species new to the British fauna, from Mickleham ; also a new species of

Stibeutes, captured at Deal last August.

Mr. F’. P. Pascoe exhibited a specimen of Peripatus Nove-Zelandia in

spirits, and remarked that Sir J. Lubbock, in his recent Address, quoted a

German author who asserted that the trachee discovered by Moseley were

merely modifications of the subcutaneous glands, thus again removing

this curious creature from the Arthropoda back to the worms (Vermes).

This was, however, contrary to the opinion of Huxley, Schmarda and other

writers. It was stated that Peripatus was unsegmented, but Schmarda

gives “13 to 36” segments in characterizing the group. Through the

kindness of Prof. Jeffrey Bell, he (Mr. Pascoe) had examined the species in

the British Museum, and found that P. Edwardsti was the only one with

any traces of segmentation. It is probable that Schmarda intended that

each pair of legs indicated a segment.

Mr. W. L. Distant exhibited a very large Cicada received from Mada-

gascar, belonging to the genus Platyplewra, but at present undescribed.*

This insect was interesting in two respects :—first, from its large size,

surpassing any species of this widely distributed genus in the Ethiopian

and Oriental regions, excepting perhaps large specimens of the W. African

P. limbata ; secondly, as being the type of two or three species of the genus

in Madagascar, peculiar and similar in their common facies, but so very

alike in colour and markings as to defy separation, were it not for the

remarkable and strong divergence of structural characters to be found in

the structure and size of the drum-flaps beneath.

In reply to the President, as to whether any information was procured

as to the amount of sound produced by the musical apparatus of this large

Cicada, Mr. Distant stated that unfortunately he had no opportunity of

learning anything of its habits; but that he might perhaps be permitted to

state, whilst on the subject, that though undoubtedly the possession of the

sound-giving apparatus was confined to the males, and was thus due to

sexual causes and used for sexual purposes, it. might still possibly serve

* Platypleura gigas, Distant, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1881, p. 107.

“some protective function as well. Whilst in Malacca Mr. Distant stated

that he had several opportunities of capturing the gigantic Dundubia

imperatoria, which on those occasions not only drummed loudly, but the

vibration caused thereby was sufficient to cause a slight thrill throughout

the length of the arm. Birds or other enemies of this Cicada would

probably reject so startling a capture, and in time it might be recognised

by its appearance, and receive the immunity possessed by so many gaily-

coloured caterpillars.

Mr. W. F. Kirby announced the death of Herr Gabriel Koch, sen., of

Frankfurt, on January 22nd, 1881, in the seventy-fourth year of his age.

He was best known for his work on the geographical distribution of

Lepidoptera.

Mr. R. Meldola read a communication from M. André with reference to

some criticisms, made at the October meeting of the Society, on the author’s

method of publishing the descriptions of new genera and species on the

wrapper or on loose sheets of his work now publishing on the Hymenoptera

of Europe.

The Secretary read a letter from Mr. George Giles, of Brixton, enclosing

a newspaper cutting from an Australian paper detailing the death of a child, —

in consequence, as was supposed, of the bite of a small spider.

Papers read.

Mr. Arthur G. Butler communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of

new Genera and Species of Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan.”

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan read some ‘‘ Notes on Odonata of the Subfamilies

Corduliina, Calopterygina, and Agrionina (Legion Pseudostigma), collected

by Mr. Buckley in the district of the Rio Bobonaza in Keuador.”

Mr. W. F. Kirby read “ A List of the Hymenoptera of New Zealand,” in

which eighty-one species were enumerated, including five described as new.

Mr. Joseph 8. Baly communicated a paper entitled ‘“ Descriptions of

new species of Galerucide.”

March 2, 1881.

H. T. Srainton, Esq., F.R.S., &c., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Election of a Member.

Mr. H. Bedford Pim (Leaside, Kingswood Road, Upper Norwood, S.E.),

was balloted for and elected an Ordinary Member of the Society.

@' iv’ /)

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. E. A. Fitch, on behalf of Mr. A. 8. Olliff who was present as a

visitor, exhibited a specimen of Strangalia quadrifasciata. This Longicorn

was captured at West Wickham last August while flying round thistle-heads

in the sunshine.

Mr. W. C. Boyd exhibited a specimen of Nonagria lutosa captured

outside the Great Eastern Railway terminus in Liverpool Street; also a

curious variety of E’nnomos tiliaria, taken at light at Cheshunt.

Mr. W. F. Kirby called the attention of Members to a work on all

Orders of Insects by Herr Buchecker, of Munich, which was now in course

of publication, and exhibited some parts representing the Neuroptera and

Lepidoptera. Mr. M‘Lachlan said he could by no means recommend this

work to the notice of the members, as in his opinion the author was much

more of a photographer than an entomologist, consequently little new

information was to be obtained, but much that was erroneous and mis-

leading; the photographic plates were fairly good and accurate.

Papers read, dc.

Mr. F. P. Pascoe read a paper “On the genus Hilipus and its Neo-

tropical allies,” in which fifty-five new species were described, all of which

were exhibited ; nine new genera were characterized.

Mr. W. L. Distant read “ Descriptions of new genera and species of

Rhynchota from Madagascar.”

Prof. Westwood communicated a paper entitled “ Observations on the

Hymenopterous genus Scleroderma and some other allied groups.”

Mr. M‘Lachlan directed the attention of Members to a paper by

Dr. Adler, just published in the last part of Siebold and Kolliker’s ‘ Zeit-

schrift’ (Zeit. fir wiss. Zoologie, vol. xxxv., pp. 151—246, pl. x.—xii.) on

the dimorphism of oak gall-flies (Cynipide).

The Secretary read a report, from the ‘ Western Daily Mercury,’ of

the proceedings of the Yealmpton (South Devon) Police Court on the

8th of February last, when H. W. Horton, a farmer, was convicted

under the Destructive Insects Act of 1877, of being in possession of

living specimens of the Colorado Beetle, and was fined £5. The Secretary

also read a trenchant leading article from a later issue (February 12th) of

the same paper.

Mr. Jeuner Weir remarked that he had recently seen a living specimen

of the Doryphora which had been brought to London in a barrel of

potatoes.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

Part V. of the ‘'‘T'ransactions’ for 1880 was on the table.

(Ar )

April 6, 1881.

W. L. Distant, Esq., M.A.L., Vice-President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Election of Members.

Dr. Victor Signoret (46, Rue de Rennes, Place St. Germain-des-Pres,

Paris), was unanimously elected an Honorary Member, in the place of

M. Achille Guenée, recently deceased.

Dr. G. W. Royston Pigott, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., &c. (Annan-

dale, Eastbourne, Sussex), was balloted for and elected an Ordinary Member

of the Society.

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir exhibited a beautiful specimen of a Noctua

found at rest in a nursery-garden at Blackheath, in August last. It

was apparently a new species, and there was some difference of opinion

among the members as to whether it came near to the genus Dicycla or

Gortyna.

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan exhibited three species of the genus Dilar, Rambur,

one of the rarest genera of Neuroptera-Planipennia. They represented

D. nevadensis, Rambur, from Spain (the typical species), D. Hornei,

M‘Lach., from North-West India, and D. Prestoni, M‘Lach., from Rio

Janeiro; thus the genus, although numbering very few species, and of a

strongly characterized nature, is widely distributed. Mr. M‘Lachlan alluded

especially to the singular unilaterally pectinate antenne of the males and

the long thread-like ovipositor of the females; this latter indicating some

special habit yet to be discovered.

The Rey. A. E. Eaton exhibited, as a microscopic preparation, a speci-

men of Haplophthalmus elegans, Schobl., a woodlouse new to the British

fauna. ‘Two specimens were found in a garden at Croydon.

Miss E. A. Ormerod exhibited two Termites nests, forwarded to her by

Mr. Everard im-Thurn, from British Guiana. One nest was nearly spherical

in shape, being about two feet six inches in circumference, and encircled

the small branch of a tree; in structure it consisted of a number of irregular

chambers or passages, the walls of which were composed of a blackish granular

substance from gnawed wood; these nests were also stated to be very hard

and ligneous towards their centre. Miss Ormerod said that in the packing-

case in which this specimen was received there was a great quantity of

blackish sawdust, apparently from the injured outer covering, part of which

still remained, and somewhat resembled rough brown paper. Mr. im-Thurn

had expressed his fears that “the thin black crust” of the nest would suffer

in transit. A large number of the Termites from this nest were exhibited,

consisting of two apterous forms, but mostly “soldiers.” The nest now

exhibited was said to be a small specimen of its kind, as they were very

frequently found of from six to eight feet in circumference. The other nest

was of the general Termite nature, being of hard clay and showing the usual

irregular chambers, but these particular ground-nests were stated to be very

rarely, if ever, of large size.

Mr. F. P. Pascoe remarked that many years ago he had found a similar

tree-nest in a forest in the Organ Mountains in Brazil, but did not at the

time examine it; he learnt, however, that it was known there as the

“negro-head,” a name very suggestive of its appearance. The year before

last he had met with a somewhat similar nest near Para, but larger and of

a lighter colour. They were both attached to trees, five or six feet from

the ground, not to branches. The Para nest was very friable, and on

breaking into it scores of the “ rostrate” workers rushed out (some of which,

with portions of their nest, were exhibited). These workers have a very

large head conically produced to a sharp point in front, the mouth under-

neath; and they are without eyes.

Mr. M‘Lachlan regretted that no winged Termes had been exhibited or

procured, since without the winged insects it was almost impossible to

determine the species with certainty. The specimens obtained from the

tree-nest, exhibited by Miss Ormerod, represented two forms of workers,

viz., the ordinary condition and a form occurring in many species of

Termitide, known as nasute or horned workers (“ Arbeiter nasuti”). It

was a small species, and evidently allied to that exhibited by Mr. Pascoe,

which was probably Termes opacus, Hagen. In Hagen’s “ Monographie der

Termiten” (Linnea Kntomologica, vol. x.), much information was given

in a collective form on the habits of these insects; further interesting

observations are to be found in Dr. Fritz Miiller’s paper “ Beitraége zur

Kenntniss der Termiten,’ published in the ‘Jenaische Zeitschrift fiir

Medicin und Naturwissenschaft,’ vol. vii., and in notes by Mr. H. G.

Hubbard “ On the Tree-nests of Termites in Jamaica” that appeared in the

‘ Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History,’ vol. xix.

Mr. 'l’. R. Billups exhibited a specimen of the rare [chneumon erythreus,

Gr., taken at Headley Lane, Surrey, in March last, remarking that the

British Museum collection contained but two examples of this species. Also

a specimen of Lasiosomus enervis, H.-Sch.,—a rare British Hemipteron,—

which he captured at Weybridge on the 9th March last.

The Secretary announced the death of Herr J. H. C. Kawall, at the age

of eighty-two, on the 29th January last, at Pussen, near Windau (Kurland,

Russia), of which village he had been pastor fifty-one years. Kawall was a

general entomologist, but especially studied the Hymenoptera.

(wine }

Papers read, dc.

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan read the “ Description of a new species of Corduliina

(Gomphomacromia fallax) from Keuador.”

Mr. J. B. Bridgman communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Some additions to

Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of British Ichneumonidae,” in which seventy-nine

species were introduced as new to the British fauna, twelve being described

as new to science. Mr. Billups and Mr. Fitch exhibited most of the

specimens referred to. Mr. Fitch also made some remarks on the various

apterous and subapterous forms occurring in the Ichneumonide and

Cryptide, especially alluding to the instability and want of precision in

many of the specific and generic characters amongst the Pezomachus

group.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

Part I. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1881 was on the table.

May 4, 1881.

H. T. Sratnton, Esq., F.R.S., &c., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Election of Members, dc.

Mr. R. W. Fereday (Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand), hitherto

a Corresponding Member, and Mr. Charles Foran (Marshfield House, Kast-

bourne, Sussex), were balloted for and elected Ordinary Members of the

Society. Mr. James Edwards (Bracondale, Norwich), was elected an Annual

Subscriber.

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. Roland Trimen exhibited and made remarks on the following

Lepidoptera, all of which had been taken in Natal by Col. J. H. Bowker :—

The sexes of Pieris Saba, Fab.*, captured in copula near the Umgeni in

January last. Mr. Trimen remarked that, as long ago as 1837, Boisduval

had united the strikingly dissimilar sexes of this Pierid; but he was not

aware that there was any record of positive evidence in support of that

lepidopterist’s opinion. He was especially pleased that Col. Bowker should

have been the captor of this pair; as in spite of his intimate acquaintance

with the extraordinary sexual disparity prevailing among butterflies, he had

* Figured, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1881, pl. ix., figs. 3, 4.

oe vill)

been very sceptical as to the identity of Pieris Saba, Fab. (the female form,

which is more black than white) with Pieris orbona, Boisd. (the male

form, which is almost entirely white). Mr. Trimen further expressed his

opinion that the black and white female of this butterfly was probably

modified in mimicry of a common and evidently protected diurnal moth,

Nyctemera apicalis, W\k., which frequents the same localities.

The sexes of Diadema mima, Trimen, taken paired at D’Urban on

February 11th last. ‘This butterfly is an accurate mimic of Amauris

Echeria, Stoll., copying the variety with white-spotted fore wings, which is

common in Natal. The pair exhibited presented no particular disparity,

except in the much smaller size of the male; but Mr. Trimen mentioned

that he had recorded (Trans. Ent. Soc., 1873, p. 107, note) the capture in

Natal, by Mr. H. C. Harford, of a male D. mima in copula with a female

D. Anthedon, Dbld., of the form named marginalis by Mr. Butler. He

also then called attention to the unstable characters of the African group of

Diadema (Euralia of Doubleday), to which these differing but closely allied

forms belong, and to the extraordinary accuracy with which they mimicked

the various species of Amauris, even to the variations presented by the

latter.

The larval cases, pupe, and imagos of a Tinea (apparently T. gigantella,

Stainton), found inhabiting the hoof of a horse. Col. Bowker writes that

he sent to England a hoof of the troop-horse killed with the Prince Imperial

in Zululand in June, 1879, to have it mounted as an inkstand. Since the

return of the inkstand he had been obliged to take it to pieces to get rid of

the moths, which were still emerging as late as February last. Tinea

gigantella (originally described by Mr. Stainton from specimens brought by

Mr. ‘Trimen from South Africa in 1859) is considered by the founder of the

species as synonymous with Zeller’s Scardia vastella, whose larva is noted

as feeding on the horns of antelopes. The closely allied 7. orientalis has

also been recorded by Mr. Stainton (Ent. Mo. Mag., xv., 133) as having, in

all probability, been bred from buffalo-horns brought from Singapore.

Mr. Stainton remarked that it would be interesting to know whether

these Tinee@ fed on the horns or hoofs of living animals. He believed Lord

Walsingham had prosecuted enquiries on the subject with at present a

negative result.

The Secretary read a letter received from the Colonial Office relative to

the appearance of Phyllowera vastatrix on the vines of Victoria, also a

letter addressed to the Colonial Office, from the Royal Gardens. Kew, by

Mr. W.'T. Thiselton Dyer, on the subject, and laid the minutes of evidence

taken by a select committee of the Legislative Assembly, received as an

enclosure, on the table.

The President stated that this communication had been considered by

the Council of the Society, and they had resolved that Messrs. Trimen,

tale’)

M‘Lachlan, and Fitch be appointed a Committee to investigate the matter

and report.

Papers read.

Mr. Arthur G. Butler communicated a continuation of his “ Descriptions

of new Genera and Species of Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan,”

treating of the Noctua.

Mr. Roland Trimen read a ‘“ Note on the capture of the paired sexes

of Papilio Cenea, Stoll (P. Merope, auct.), in Natal,” and exhibited the

specimens, which had lately been received from the captor, Col. Bowker.

June 1, 1881.

H. T. Srarnton, Esq., H'.R.S., &e., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Election of a Subscriber.

The Rey. EH. N. Bloomfield, M.A. (Guestling Rectory, Hastings, Sussex),

was balloted for and elected an Annual Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir, on behalf of Mr. J. W. Douglas, read the following

notes on various Homoptera, and exhibited the specimens referred to :—

Aleurodes carpint, Koch. Found on the underside of the leaves of

hornbeam-bushes at Bexley Wood, on May 28th.

Orthezia cataphracta, Shaw. Females found in abundance in April and

May, at the roots of Carex and grass, growing among damp moss, at Pitlochry,

Perthshire, by Mr.G. Norman. Living examples in their native moss were

also exhibited.

Orthezia, n.s. Females from Pitlochry, collected by Mr. Norman, and

the same species taken at Bexley Wood on May 28th. Mr. Douglas

considered this a new species, and proposes to call it O. Normani; the

disposition and form of the flaky cereous covering matter being, especially

on the dorsal region, entirely different from either O. cataphracta or

O. urtice.

Orthezia urtice, Linn. Adult females and larve. Also three living

examples found yesterday (May 31st) at Darenth Wood, with a piece of the

plant (Stellaria holostea) on which they exclusively occur.

Mr. Douglas referred to the new Orthezia thus :—* It will be observed

that the waxy covering, on the dorsal region, in O. cataphracta follows the

form of the segments, only divided by a central longitudinal line. In the

new species the dorsal covering consists of three large, thin, forwardly

directed, separated plates, the anterior side of which is deeply notched in

the middle, almost as far as the posterior side; these are followed by three

or four straight, narrow, segmental bars. The lateral lamine are very

different from those of O. cataphracta (the structure of these is seen in the

reversed specimens), and the posterior ones entirely cover the long mar-

supium. QO. urtice is exhibited to show how the dorsal lamination—two

longitudinal ridges of closely overlapping, backwardly directed, scales—differs

from both the other species.”

Mr. 'T’. R. Billups exhibited a long series of Crabro clavipes, Linn.,

bred this year from Cynips Kollari galls, collected at Wimbledon. Also a

specimen of Molorchus minor, Linn., taken at Headley Lane on May 9th

last, feeding on larch. Mr. Billups observed that this Longicorn was

apparently rare in Britain, as Dr. Power had only met with one specimen,

this also on larch, and that Mr. Douglas took two at Headley Lane sixteen

years ago.

Mr. E. Saunders said he took a specimen of M. minor at Wandsworth

the year before last.

Mr. John Sang, who was present as a visitor, exhibited the following

British Lepidoptera:—A gynandromorphous Lycena Icarus (Alewis), the

right side having the female colouring throughout and the left side male,

with a stripe of the female colouring in each wing; a variety of Lycena

Medon (Agestis), having a white spot in the centre of each hind wing ;- two

varieties of Abraxas grossulariata, one having the left fore-wing almost

black, the other three being normally marked; a variety each of Stigmonota

dorsana and S. regiana; two specimens of Micropteryx fastuosella, captured

this spring; two specimens of Gracilaria imperialella, taken at Richmond,

Yorkshire ; series ot Nepticula ulmivora bred from elm, of N. splendidissima

from bramble, of N. lapponica from birch, and a specimen of N. Tengstrami

bred from Rubus Chamemorus.

The Secretary read a communication from Mr. G. E. Piercey, asking

for the identification of a creature which proves so noxious to travellers in

Central Asia, and which is several times lately mentioned by the ‘ Daily

News’ special correspondent amongst the Tekké Turcomans, under the

name of ‘* Shep-quez” (== “ bite the stranger”).

Mr. EK. A. Fitch thought most probably the creature referred to was

the dAryas persicus of Fischer de Waldheim; the habits of this tick

aud the effects produced by its attack, as related by Kotzebue and

Dupre, agreeing fairly well with the account given in the correspondent’s

extracts.

Mr. W. I. Kirby remarked that the symptoms of the bite of the so-called

“poisonous bug” of Persia (drgas reflexus), as described at a previous

\ a)

meeting, so much resembled those of malignant pustule—a disease well-

known to be conveyed by flies—that it would be important to ascertain

whether the bite of the Argas was itself venomous or merely a vehicle for

the conveyance of morbific matter.

The Secretary read the following report of the committee appointed at

the last meeting :—

To the Council of the Entomological Society of London.

GENTLEMEN,— We, the undersigned, appointed a Committee to consider

a communication from the Colonial Office relative to the supposed occurrence

of Phylloxera vastatrix upon the Vines in the Colony of Victoria, Australia,

beg to present the following Report :—

We have carefully read and considered the mass of evidence embodied

in the ‘Report of the Select Committee of the Legislative Assembly of

Victoria upon Phylloxera vastatrix,’ forwarded by the Colonial Office with

their letter.

A large mass of this evidence, both as regards the questions put to the

parties examined and their answers thereto, have little or no bearing upon

the subject. From the conflicting nature of the evidence, it is tolerably

clear that more than one insect, or animals allied to insects, have been

accused of being the actual Phyllowera. The question remains as to

whether the pest actually exists in the colony.

The majority of the witnesses examined refer especially to the presence

on the bark or roots of the Victorian vines of minute yellowish or orange-

coloured creatures. These might be Phylloxer@; on the other hand, they

might be harmless Acari (mites), such as are always found on decaying

vegetable matter; and indeed the evidence of Mr. Ritchie, and others, and

the concluding sentence of paragraph 4 in the Report, rather favour the

latter idea.

We nowhere find in the evidence any clear indication that the nodules

on the young rootlets of the vines, so characteristic of the presence of

Phylloxera, and the primary cause of the damage occasioned to the vines

by its attacks (the rootlets being rendered incapable of performing their

functions), have been observed in Victoria; although a passing remark by

Mr. Wallis (p. 29, 838) may refer thereto. ‘This is especially noticeable,

seeing that such a condition is figured on Plate I., and is mentioned in the

Report, paragraph 4.

This brings us to the important question as to whether the figures on

the plates (especially that of the rootlets on Plate I.) were taken from actual

Victorian specimens or copied from other figures in some European or

American work. If they were copied from the actual sketches taken by

M. Boutan from the Geelong specimens mentioned in his letter printed as

Appendix C, or from some other Australian source, we think there can be

(i a )

no doubt as to the occurrence of the Phyllowera in the colony. If not, we

prefer to consider its occurrence there as still an open question.

M. Joubert states that in 1873 specimens were sent to one of the

London Microscopical Societies. Of these we can find no trace, and the

report then received does not appear to have definitely determined the

nature of the creatures.

We urgently recommend that immediate steps be taken to forward to

this Society specimens of the supposed Phyllower@ carefully mounted in

Canada balsam as microscopic slides (but not crushed), together with the

young rootlets of vines, supposed to be attacked, preserved in pure alcohol.

Also we should like to see, in pure alcohol, specimens of the creatures (in

addition to those on the slides) found congregating in the fissures of the

bark and roots. It is possible that the steps taken to eradicate all vines

supposed to be affected may be altogether unnecessary. In connection

with this, we would remark that a panic existed a short time ago amongst

the vine-growers of the Cape Colony owing to the supposed presence of

Phyllowera, and that minute examination of the vines themselves presented

no proof whatever, and indeed no indication of such presence.

We also recommend that the Victorian authorities should themselves

carefully compare the evidence with the information and figures contained

in Prof. Max Cornu’s official ‘ Ktudes sur le Phyllowera vastatriz,’ and also

with the various memoirs by M. Jules Lichtenstein, of Montpellier, on

the same subject.

Supposing the Phyllowera actually exists in the colony, we would

remark that the authorities appear to be fully acquainted with the methods

most in favour in France, &c., for lessening or putting a stop to its ravages.

We prefer to regard the indiscriminate prohibition of the importation of

plants of all kinds as unnecessary.

Finally, we urgently recommend a high state of cultivation, so as to

keep the vines in vigorous health, as conducing to render the attacks of the

Phylloxera less serious should it exist in the colony, or, supposing it do not

now exist, should it unfortunately be introduced.

We remain,

Your obedient servants,

Rospert M‘Lacutay, F.R.S., &c.

Roxtanp TrimEn, F.L.S., &c.

Epwarp A. Fitcu, F.L.S., &ce.

The Secretary read a communication from the Colonial Office, enclosing

a report from Her Majesty’s Vice-Consul at the Dardanelles, respecting the

appearance in the ‘T'road of an insect alleged to be destructive to the locust

eggs; and asking for an opinion as to the possibility of the introduction of

this insect, should its habits be correctly described, into Cyprus,

( sib )

The President stated that this communication had been considered by

the Council of the Society, and they had resolved that Sir Sidney S. Saunders,

Messrs. C. O. Waterhouse, and H. A. Fitch be appointed a committee to

investigate the subject and report.

Papers read, dc.

Lord Walsingham read a paper entitled The Tortricidae, Tineida, and

_ Pterophoride of South Africa,” which included a complete list of the

described South African species, characterizing several as new, which had

lately been collected by Mr. W. D. Gooch in Natal, and made remarks on

the affinities and general geographical distribution of the species, a few of

which were exhibited.

Mr. A. G. Butler communicated a memoir ‘‘On the genus Sypna of

Guénée, a group of Lepidoptera of the tribe Noctuites.”

Mr. W. L. Distant communicated “ Descriptions of Rhynchota from the

Australian and Pacific Regions,” including, with other Pentatomide, four

new species of the genus Menida from Australia.

July 6, 1881.

H. T. Srainton, Esq., F.R.S., &c., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Election of a Member, éc.

Mr. George Henry (88, Wellington Square, Hastings) was balloted

for and elected an Ordinary Member of the Society. Mr. A. 8. Olliff

(36, Mornington Road, Regent’s Park, N.W.) was elected an Annual

Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. W. L. Distant exhibited the sexes of Morpho Adonis, Cram.; the

female of this butterfly apparently had previously been quite unknown.

Miss HK. A. Ormerod exhibited some elm-leaves received from Islay,

Argyll., which were almost bleached, the parenchyma being cleared away

by minute larve; also several sawfly larvee from a meadow at Rochdale,

Lancashire, where they were committing extensive ravages; specimens of

a sawfly larva from Clitheroe, Lancashire, received with the Noctua larve

now so destructive to grass in that district; and further specimens of a

sawfly larva received from Marlborough, Wilts, where it is attacking the

oe a |

wheat. Miss Ormerod also exhibited living specimens of the Noctua larve,

which lately occurred quite as a “ plague” at Clitheroe, and observed that

these differed somewhat from the published descriptions of the larva of

Chareas graminis.

Mr. H. T. Stainton remarked that he did not certainly know the larva

of C. graminis, but believed those now exhibited belonged to that species ;

with regard to the elm-leaf blotchers, he did not recognise them as

Micro-Lepidopterous, but thought possibly it was a Coleopterous larva

attacking them.

Mr. E. A. Fitch recognised the sawfly larvee from Rochdale as belonging

to the Dolerid@, and said that he had received similar larve from Romford,

Essex, and Huddersfield, Yorkshire; in both localities they were sent as

doing damage to the grass crops; he also observed how little was known of

the life-histories of the numerous species of Dolerus.

The Rey. A. E. Eaton exhibited drawings by Mr. A. T. Hollick, illus-

trating some Ephemeride nymphs in Dr. Hagen’s collection. One of the sets,

concerning the insect described by Dr. Hagen as Hphemera (?) pudica in

1861 and provisionally ranked by him in 1875 with Heptagenia, showed

its nearest ally to be Hphemerella. The remaining sets illustrated the

nymphs of , a nameless genus allied to Palingenia (restricted) from

Brazil, a Hewagenia and three nameless genera (besides EH. pudica) from

North America, allied to E’phemerella, a Callibetis? from Peru, and a

Chirotonetes? from North America.

Sir Sidney 8S. Saunders exhibited several female specimens, with larve

and pupa-case of Callostoma fascipennis, Macq., received from Mr. Frank

Calvert of the Dardanelles ; the larva of this fly lives in the egg-cases of

locusts and feeds on the eggs. Several of these egg-cases and a young locust

(Caloptenus italicus), but two days old, which had been bred by Mr. F.

Enock, were exhibited. Also a large box containing numerous specimens of

Bombyliide which Sir Sidney Saunders had himself collected in the South

of Europe. Sir 8. Saunders believed several of the species represented to

be undescribed.

The Secretary read the report of the Committee appointed at the last

meeting to enquire into the history of the insect feeding on the locust-eggs

in the ‘T'road, respecting which a communication had been received from

the Colonial Office, as follows :—

To the Entomological Society of London.

G¥NTLEMEN,—According to your instructions, we have carefully con-

sidered the despatch of Vice-Consul Maling at the Dardanelles to Acting

Consul-General Wrench, a copy of which was transmitted from the Colonial

Office, referring to the subject of an insect prevalent in that district whose

larvee destroy the locust eggs.

(ee)

It will be remembered that Sir John Lubbock exhibited specimens of

these adult larvee at the November meeting of our Society last year, received

from Mr. Frank Calvert, of the Dardanelles; but some doubts were then

expressed as to their being the offspring of any of the Cantharid@, as was

supposed.

Sir Sidney Saunders also possesses numerous living specimens of these

same larve, hitherto undeveloped, transmitted to him last autumn by

Mr. Frank Calvert, together with the following details respecting their

habits :—

‘In taking these insects I found the larve, with very few exceptions, to

have left the pods, and rolled up in a torpid state, some buried amongst the

pods, others below. ‘The grubs did not quit the pods until these were

softened by the rain, after several months’ drought. It is strange amongst

the number of larvee I have taken up lately there are no pupe that I have

seen. May not the two specimens I found previously (as reported before)

belong to some other species of insect ?

“The female locust deposits her eggs, by preference, on hill country in

arid uncultivated soils, never in land under cultivation. A fluid is secreted

by the locust which, softening the hard soil, enables the lower part of the

body, up to the hinder legs, to be worked in to the depth of about an inch.

During this operation the locust is covered with others of its kind: in the

localities where the insect is comparatively rare, the female locust, in

the act of depositing her eggs, can be always detected by the small heap

of other locusts which entirely cover her. The eggs, thirty to forty in

number, are then deposited bodily (sic), enveloped in a thin membrane,

in the form of a slightly curved cylinder about seven-eighths of an inch in

length and in an erect position. The mucous liquid hardens the coating

earth as it dries, and forms a case or cyst round the membrane which

protects the eggs from the inclemency of the weather. Another remarkable

feature in the natural history of the locust is that the presence of the

parasite cannot be traced back—neither to former visitations of the locust,

nor even to last year (1879), when it is to be presumed the destroyer was

present, though in smaller numbers. I am informed that the larva has

been found also in the neighbourhood of Smyrna. The Pasha of the

Dardanelles, who has received reports from all parts of the province,

informed me that the larva was found wherever the pods have been

deposited, though in very various proportions, from one per cent. upwards.

In those pods I examined I found a minimum of eight to as high as ninety

per cent. attacked by the parasite. I have been assured from different

sources that the flight of locusts was accompanied by numerous moths or

flies.”

In the recently published ‘Second Report of the United States Ento-

mological Commission, Washington, 1880 ’—to which, as well as to the

> xv’)

First Report (1877) emanating from the same source, we invite special

attention—Professor Riley supplies “ Further facts about the natural

enemies of the Locusts ” (chap. xiii., pp. 259—271, pl. xvi.), and narrates the

‘interesting and hitherto unrecorded life-history” of two Dipterous insects

belonging to the family Bombyliide (Triodites mus, O. 8., and Systachus

oreas, O. S.), whose larvee prey upon locust eggs to a considerable extent

(p. 263), but the perfect insect was not bred until June of last year (1880).

These larve closely coincide in structural details with those from the Troad,

and have been found in Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska,

Utah, Washington Territory, and California. The Systwchus is observed

abundantly darting and buzzing about over the ground in which the locust

eggs were laid. The stout, small-headed, smooth, apod, recurved, yellowish

white, Bombyliid larve, which attain to the length of about three-quarters

of an iuch, were first detected amongst the locust-eggs as early as April,

but not generally until August. ‘The ground that was first filled with

locust-eggs by the idipoda atrow, at the end of September looked as if

scattered with loose shells, so thorough was the work of destruction.”

When full-fed these larvee hybernate, either in cocoons or cells of their own

making or in the empty egg-cases, and do not change to pupe until the

following spring. The pupal state lasts but for a short time. Mr. W. C.

Lemmon, of Sierra Valley, California, reports, “The white grubs ate

out and destroyed thousands of eggs last fall, but, to all appearance,

have eaten nothing since, having lain dormant all the winter, and

being now (June 18th, 1880) found still among the eggs, which are fast

hatching out.”

Within the last few days several specimens of the flies developed in the

Troad have been received from Mr. Calvert, confirming the suspected

Dipterous character of the locust-egg feeding larve from that locality, and

showing the perfect insects to belong to the Bombyliide, but differing from

any of the North American species referred to above. ‘These specimens

were accompanied by the following details, in a letter to Sir Sidney

Saunders, dated the 14th of June :—

“Since writing to you, the following have been the results of my

observations on the parasite. On the 24th of April I examined the larve

in the ground; the only change was a semitransparent appearance which

allowed of a moveable black spot to be seen in the body. On the 8th

June about fifty per cent. of the larvee had cast a skin and assumed the

pupal state in their little cells; the colour yellowish brown darkening to

grey in the more advanced insect. About one per cent. of the cells, in

which were two skins and with an aperture to the surface, showed the

perfect insect to have already come out of them. A grey pupa I was

holding in my hand suddenly burst its envelope, and in half a minute on its

legs stood a fly! thus identifying the perfect insect. It is not the Hpicauta

(7 saute -)

verticalis [Cantharid@] expected ; but you will no doubt be able to determine

what it is when you seeaspecimen. The fly is about the size of a small

wasp; the body covered with short grey hair; the abdomen striped black

and grey; the wings membranous and transparent, with a dark marking

across the centre; the head is furnished with a proboscis and a dart as fine

as the sting of a bee or wasp. I found the fly, now identified, sucking the

nectar of flowers, especially of the pink scabious and thistle, plants common

in the Troad. (Later on I counted as many as sixteen flies on a thistle-

head.) The number of flies rapidly increased daily until the 13th, when

the ground appeared pitted all over with small holes from whence the

parasite had issued. A few pup were then still to be found—a larva

the rare exception. The pupal state thus appears to be of short duration.

It was very interesting to watch the flies appearing above ground: first the

head was pushed out; then with repeated efforts the body followed; the

whole operation was over in two or three minutes: the wings were expanded,

but the colours did not brighten until some time after. Occasionally a

pupa could not cast off its envelope and came wriggling out of the ground,

when it was immediately captured by ants. Unfortunate flies that could

not detach the covering membrane, adhering to the abdomen, also fell a

prey, as indeed many of the flies that could not get on their legs in time.

The fly for the first time (13th June) was seen to pair, but this rarely.

There is no disposition at present, so far as has been observed, on the part

of the fly to approach the locust. It will be a point of the greatest interest

to ascertain when and how the egg of the parasite is deposited—whether in

the body of the locust before the insect buries its own eggs, or in the egg-

pod in the ground. I have heard so much circumstantial evidence of the

existence of a larva in the body of the locust that I no longer entertain any

doubt on the subject; but whether it be the same as found in the pod is

another question. [Certainly not.] The prolific increase of this fly shows

it to be a natural enemy of the locust, a circumstance of which advantage

should be taken. May not the strange non-hatching of expected locusts in

infected districts, observed occasionally, be due to the destruction of the

egg by the parasite ?

“Tsend by post specimens of the ‘ parasite’ locust-fly. Of the pupe

none are procurable, for they die when brought in-doors, thus showing that

the insects require heat at this stage; and, if there be an intention of

removing them from one country to another, this must be done when

in the larval state. I inclose a skin thrown off by the pupa, which will

give an idea of the shape. I shall write you further on the subject

of this fly.”

According to the observations of Dr. T. Algernon Chapman, of

Hereford, ‘‘On the Economy, &c., of Bombylius,” the process of oviposition

is effected while hovering in proximity to the locality frequented by its

( xvii )

victims ; ‘‘ bringing the extremity of its body close to the bank, yet not

touching it, the small white egg being seen to be thrown with a short jerk

against the bank” (Ent. Mo. Mag., xiv., 196). On several occasions he

noticed very closely the spot in the rough and cracked earth, and repeatedly

satisfied himself that the egg was not thrown into any burrow, though

numerous around. This circumstance, as Professor Riley remarks, ‘* would

also imply that, as in the case of the blister-beetles, the newly-hatched

larva must seek its food, and strengthens his suspicion that it would be found

to be much more active than the mature larva” (/. ¢c., p. 269). It may be

deemed highly probably that these “ locust-parasites,” so closely allied to the

above-mentioned Bumbylius, may resort to a similar mode of depositing

their eggs, with corresponding results.

In many instances a retardation of development has been noticed in

the American species, as in the blister-beetles, until the second year, and,

on one occasion, even until the third year in the latter; whereby, as

Professor Riley observes, the occurrence of migratory locusts at irregular

intervals, in particular localities, would afford their parasites a better

opportunity of finding appropriate food for their larve, and of thus

perpetuating the species.

With regard to the possible introduction of these locust-enemies into

Cyprus, it is by no means improbable that they may already exist there as

elsewhere; but judicious protection might doubtless do much towards

promoting their increase, and the consequent limitation of locust ravages.

Characteristic figures and descriptions of the fly in its various states should,

therefore, be widely circulated among the Cyprus cultivators for the pre-

servation of these benefactors; whereas when indiscriminate destruction of

the ege-pouches is practised, as now, obviously the friend is undergoing the

same process of extermination equally with the foe. We should also

recommend that attempts be made to increase the propagation of the

former by importations in the early autumn, before the larve quit their

provisional abodes; which we are disposed to believe might best be done

by sending the cases promiscuously and unopened from those localities

where a large percentage of these larve had been verified as likely to occur

therein; those cases which are subsequently found to contain the parasite

being forthwith interred with their inmates, broadcast in single layers, at

suitable stations and at the requisite depth, in uncultivated soils; after

which the Jarve will issue therefrom in October and November to construct

their own cells in the earth. A similar process should be resorted to with

any which may be found on the spot; while, in both instances, destroying

those egg-pouches which are not thus tenanted by the parasite.

We annex figures of Mr. Calvert’s specimens in their several stages,

which have been prepared under the direction of Mr. Charles 0. Waterhouse,

of the British Museum. This species does not occur in the collection of

(oosxag ’)

that establishment; but it is obviously one of the Bombyliide, which,

however, we have hitherto been unable to identify *.

We are, Gentlemen,

Yours obediently,

Srpney Smirn SauNnDERs.

Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE.

July 6, 1881. Epwarb A. Fitog.

Papers read, de.

Mr. F. Moore communicated some “ Descriptions of new Asiatic diurnal

Lepidoptera.”

Mr. D. Sharp sent a communication “On the species of the genus

Euchroma,” having reference to the two known species belonging to that

genus of the Buprestidae.

Mr. J. W. Douglas communicated “ Observations on the species of

the Homopterous genus Orthezia, with a description of a new species”

(O. Normani).

Mr. A. G. Butler communicated a further paper ‘‘ On the Lepidoptera

of the Amazons collected by Dr. James W. H. Trail during the years 1873

to 1875,” Part IV. Geometrites. This part of the collection consists of

eighty-two species, thirty of which prove new to Science.

Prof. Westwood communicated “ Notes on larva of Nycteribia,” by Baron

R. Osten-Sacken.

Mr. W. F. Kirby read ‘Notes on new or interesting species of

Papilionide and Pierid@ collected by Mr. Buckley in Ecuador.”

* The species is Callostoma fascipennis, Macquart (Mém. Soc. Roy. Se. Lille,

1840, p. 355; pl. xv., fig. 5. Dipt. Exot., vol. ii, pt.i. p.77; pl. xv., fig. 5),

described from a single female from Smyrna in M. Serville’s collection. Herr Victor

v. Réder says it also occurs in Greece. Dr. Loew demurs to Macquart’s genus

Callostoma being separated from Mulio, Latr. (Stett. Ent. Zeit., v. 159).

EXPLANATION OF PuaTE XIY.

Fig.1. Callostoma fascipennis, female.

la. Side view of head, exhibiting mouth organs extended.

1b. Antenna, magnified.

2. Larva.

2a. Side view of head. °

2b. Front view of head.

3. Pupa, viewed laterally.

3a. Front view of head, magnified.

4. Locust egg-case, partially opened.

The hair lines indicate the natural sizes.

( xx )

August 3, 1881.

R. Mevpora; Esq., F.C.S., &e., Vice-President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Exhibitions, dc.

Miss E. A. Ormerod exhibited numerous specimens of Coleoptera and

Hemiptera, in spirits, which had been collected by Mr. Bairstow in the

neighbourhood of Uitenhage and Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

Mr. A. H. Swinton communicated some observations on Jodis vernaria, of

which the following is an abstract :—This species is common on the Surrey

Hills, and when in repose its wings hang limp and roof-shaped, with their

exterior extremity rising above the head like a.crest. This arrangement

allows great vertical play to the abdomen, and much facilitates oviposition.

On opening a box containing a living female, Mr. Swinton was surprised to

perceive a most sickly smell of honey, resembling the scent of clematis

blossoms (on which plant the larva feeds), but more pungent. He also

observed small minute columns of emerald-green, attached here and there,

which proved to be eggs, shaped like draughtmen, and piled up one on the

top of another, in a slight curve, to the number of twelve or fifteen. The

odour appeared to arise from the substance by which the eggs were

agglutinated together. The moth flies at early dusk, and rests amongst

the clematis during the day. Specimens of the moth and eggs were

exhibited in illustration.

Mr. E. A. Fitch exhibited an ear of wheat on which were between fifty

and sixty skins of Siphonophora granaria, all of which, without exception,

had produced an Allotria or Aphidius. He also remarked that from his

observations in one particular field he should think quite 90 per cent. of the

Aphides, which were numerous, were infested with these parasites.

Papers read.

Prof. Westwood communicated the ‘“ Description of a new genus of

Hymenopterous insects” (Dyscolesthes canus). The species, which is from

Chili, is of somewhat doubtful affinities, but, was thought to be an aberrant

form of the Formicide or Scoliida.

Mr. A. G. Butler communicated a continuation of his “ Descriptions of

new genera and species of Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan,” the

descriptions of fifty Geometre being included in the present paper.

Mr. R. Trimen communicated a memoir “On some new species of

Rhopalocera from Southern Africa,” six new species being described, from

the extra-tropical region of South Africa.

( ee)

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse communicated some “ Descriptions of new

Longicorn Coleoptera from India, Japan, and Africa.”

Mr. W. L. Distant read the “ Descriptions of some new Neotropical

Pentatomide and Coreide”; also the ‘ Description of the female sex of

Morpho Adonis, Cram.” In the discussion on this last paper Mr. Meldola

and Mr. Kirby made some remarks on the occurrence of dimorphism in the

genus Morpho.

September 7, 1881.

H. T. Srarnron, Esq., F.R.S., &e., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Exhibitions, de.

The Rev. A. EK. Eaton exhibited a dried specimen of the nymph of a

species of Huthyplocia, Etn., a genus of the Ephemerida known hitherto

only in the adult condition. The example exhibited belonged to the Musée

Royale of Brussels, and is labelled “ Brésil”. Pictet, in his ‘ Hist. Nat. des

Ins. Néuropt.’, Ephem. p. 158, pl. xv. 2—4(1843—5), mentions and figures

two somewhat mutilated nymphs of the same genus from South America or

Brazil, whose exact affinities have remained undetermined until now.

EKuthyplocia is represented in museums by several Brazilian and Central

American species, but H. Hecuba, Hag., is the only one that has been

described.

Mr. H. A. Fitch exhibited a larva of Zeuzera e@sculi, from which many

hundreds of a species of Hneyrtida (Copidosoma truncatellum, Dalm.) had

emerged; these were also exhibited, and, considering their vast numbers

from a single host, he thought it one of the most remarkable cases of

parasitism that had come under his notice. The lepidopterous larva had

been received from Miss R. M. Sotheby, of Eastbourne.

Mr. Fitch also exhibited many specimens of Drosophila cellaris, with

their pupa-cases ; these flies had been bred in a bottle of ‘ Piccalilli” pickle,

and were received from Mr. Charles Foran, of Kastbourne, with the following

history :—‘ About three weeks since a bottle of Piccalilli pickles was opened,

and a number of small white maggots were found feeding on every

piece of pickle, which consisted mostly of cauliflower and cucumber,

thoroughly saturated with vinegar, mustard, &c.; these larve afterwards

pupated on the cork, and from these pup the enclosed flies were bred.”

Mr. Fitch remarked that when this fly was exhibited at a previous meeting

he thought a very ungenial habitat was assigned to it (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond.

1877, p. xv; August, 1877), but one of which this exhibition was quite

confirmatory.

(se)

Mr. Fitch also exhibited the following galls :—

(1) Galls of Cecidomyia foliorum, H. Loew, a species new to Britain,

found near Grays, Essex, ou 14th May last. These were small reddish

galls on the leaves of Artemisia vulgaris.

(2) Galls of Cecidomyia? n.s., which were greatly enlarged flowers of

Galium Mollugo, found at Dorking on 16th July last. Dr. Franz Low

found similar galls in Upper Austria, tenanted both by a Cecidomyia and a

Diplosis larva, neither of which were identified, as the gall gnats were not

bred (cf. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien. xxvil. p. 35).

(3) Galls of Cecidomyia? n.s. (thalictri, H. Loew), on the flowers and

seeds of Thalictrum minus ( flecwosum, Bab. Man.), found in some numbers

a day or two ago by Dr. Power in Perthshire. Dr. Boswell had remarked

that these galls were not uncommon on the Vhalictrum, when growing

inland, but curiously he could never find them on plants by the sea-side.

The imago is unkuown, but for a notice of the gall see Loew’s Dipt. Beit.

pt. iv. p. 30.

(4) A large woody gall on whitethorn picked that morning at Maldon,

which Mr. Fitch considered to be quite new. It bore some resemblance to

the woody sallow gall of Cecidomyia salicis, Schrank, specimens of which

were exhibited for comparison.

Mr. Fitch likewise exhibited the extraordinary monstrous pupa of

Bombyx mori referred to in this month’s ‘ Entomologist’ (Entom. xiv. 193),

and read some remarks from Mr. EH. Kay-Robinson, who had reared the

specimen. Messrs. Stainton, Eaton, Waterhouse, and others made some

remarks on the exhibit, but no satisfactory explanation of the apparent

monstrosity was forthcoming. Also some stems of Hquisetum limosum, in

which the larve of Dolerus palustris, Klg., were feeding; this being of

peculiar interest from the facts that no other insect was known to feed on

Equisetum, and the economy of but one species of Dolerus (D. hematodes,

Schk.) was previously known, although there are about sixty European

species, many of which are amongst our commonest sawflies.

Mr. 'T. R. Billups exhibited the following six species of Ichneumonidae,

new to Britain, which he had taken this year:—Pezomachus geochares,

Forst., captured ut Deal on April 18th; Pezomachus a«ylochophilus,

Forst., captured at Rainham, Essex, on July 11th; Limneria litoralis,

Holmegr., captured at Woking, Surrey, on August lst; Monoblastus

femoralis, Holmgr., captured at Peckham on May 27th; Lissonota linearis,

Gr., captured at Weybridge on July 25th; and Lissonota anomala, Holmegr.,

captured at West Wickham Wood on May 7th. The handsome Pezomachus

aylochophilus had also been taken at Blundall, near Norwich, by Mr.

Bridgman.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited the larva of an Gistrus which had been

taken from the side of a specimen of our common domestic mouse (Mus

(. Sx. j

musculus), received from Peru, which was also exhibited. The Mstrus

larva measured one inch by five lines broad at its widest part, and occupied

almost the whole of one side of the mouse; when extracted its head was

found towards the posterior legs of the mouse. Specimens of Holochilus

apicalis, Peters, Hesperomys caliginosus, 'Tomes, and Hesperomys olivaceus,

G. R. Waterh., all received in the same collection from Peru, were similarly

attacked and one specimen of Mus musculus contained two larve of the

Cistrus.

Mr. G. H. Verrall remarked that in Brauer’s ‘Monographie der

(Histriden’ there was no mention of any species living on the Muwrida (mice),

but that in a later paper (Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien. xiv. 891, pl. xxi. B) Brauer

had referred to and figured a species of Gistromyia? whose larva had been

found on a field mouse (Arvicola arvalis, Pallas), at Langenberg (Wurtem-

berg) by Prof. Hering, occupying quite a different position, however, to the

specimen now exhibited.

Mr. H. T. Stainton exhibited two specimens of Char@as graminis, bred

from the grass-feeding larve from Clitheroe by Mr. F. 8. Mitchell, thus

surely identifying the lepidopterous larve which occurred in such great

numbers (¢f. p. xiv ante). Mr. Fitch said C. graminis had also occurred as

a “plague” in the Thuringian Forest this year, Herr Gutheil recording

that from twenty-five to thirty specimens of the larvee or pupe were found

to the square foot, making about seventy millions to the ninety acres

affected (Hint. Nach. vii. 258).

Sir Sidney 8. Saunders exhibited specimens of Sarcophaga lineata, Fall.,

another dipterous parasite on locusts in the Troad, whose larvee, feeding

internally ou the adipose tissues of their victims, had powerfully contributed

to clear a considerable tract of country from those which had escaped previous

destruction in the egg by the Callostoma. Several of these larvee were

extracted from the abdominal region of locusts steeped im spirits sent by

Mr. Frank Calvert, of the Dardanelles, who found them located at first

“in the neck and thorax.” Some of those located as aforesaid have been

retained in situ within the abdominal segments, which a single full-grown

larva suffices to fill, having its head inversely directed in these specimens,

ready to emerge therefrom in their adult larval stage and complete their

metamorphoses in the earth.

These larvee, as in many other instances, are furnished with two curvate

retractile hooks emanating below the first attenuated segment,—like those of

Conops nurtured within the bodies of Bombus, Pompilus, &c., described and

figured in our ‘ Transactions’ (ser. 2, vol. iv., p. 285, pl. xxviii, 1858); but

the reniform appendages—‘“ deflexed from the dorsal region posteriorly and

concave within ”—which the larvee and pupz of Conops exhibit, are absent

in these, such spiracular processes being replaced by a small but deep

recess with a glossy smooth rim surrounding the orifice, at the rotundate

( <ay )

extremity of the ultimate segment of the dorsal region, which recess is still

retained in the brown oval puparium, by a corresponding aperture at the

posterior apex. ‘The Conops, moreover, essentially differs in habit, its

transformatious being completed within the body of its victims.

In the ‘First Report of the United States Entomological Commission’

(Washington, 1878, p. 323), these larvae, as distinguished from those of

Tachina, are thus described :—‘* The Tachina larva is rounded posteriorly,

with a small spiracular cavity, easily closed, and having a smooth rim; it

contracts to a pupa, which is quite uniformly rounded at each end. The

Sarcophaga larva is more truncate behind, with fleshy warts on the rim of

the spiracular cavity, and with a more tapering head ; it contracts to a pupa,

which is also truncate behind, and more tapering in front, where the pro-

thoracic spiracles show as they never do in Tachina.” It will be readily

observed that, in this instance, the larva of Sarcophaga lineata coincides

rather with the former than with the latter.

Several species of these Tachinids are adverted to in the same ‘ Report,’

describing the mode in which their eggs are firmly attached to those parts

of the body not easily reached by the jaws and legs of their victims—under

the wing or on the neck—when the locust jumps or flies; the young larve

from these eggs eating their way into the body (/.c., p.319). The Sarcophage,

however, from their “ well-known habit of breeding in dead and decomposing

animal matter,” are considered to be ‘‘ most attracted to those locusts that

are feeble or already dead, and are fond of laying their eggs on specimens

that have just moulted, and are yet pale, soft, and helpless” (d. ¢., p. 323).

The locusts forwarded by Mr. Calvert prove to be the Gidipoda cruciata

of Charpentier, to which the specimen exhibited on a former occasion as

bred in this country from the Troad eggs (Proc. p. xiv, aute) must be

referred, no adults having then been received. From some of these sent

alive, the internal larve effected their exit, and developed their pups in

transit, several of the latter being found loose in the box; a small Chalcis*

* Probably Chalcis minuta, L., or what is known on the Continent as

C. femorata, Dalm. The synonymy is much involved, e.g., Walker says (Ent. Mag.

ii. pp. 28—32) :—

C. minuta, L. = C. femorata, Dalm. g.

C. podagrica, Fabr. = C. femorata, Dalm. 92.

C. minuta, Dalm. = C. parvula, Walk.

C. femorata, Panz. = C. flavipes, Latr. (nec Fabr., Panz., Fonse.).

An examination of the Walkerian types in the National Collection is not more

satisfactory. Of our three specimens, which, from their economy, are presumably

all one species:—(1), which has the left posterior femur black with yellow spot at

apex, but the right femur ferruginous (extus totus rufus) with yellow spot at apex,

corresponds with C. podagrica; (2), agrees with one specimen of C. minuta, but not

with all; (3), which has a bright yellow spot on the dorsum of the terminal segments

of abdomen, is not in the Collection,

( exiey )

having subsequently emerged from three of these pups within a few weeks,

the others remaining in statu quo. Hence the question arises, how the

parent Chalcis obtained access to the Sarcophaya larve for the purpose of

depositing her eggs? It might be supposed that this opportunity was

afforded at the time when the adult larva quits the body of the locust to

undergo its final metamorphoses in the earth. But such would not have

been the case in this instance, when the transition took place within a closed

box remote from their accustomed haunts. The egg must therefore have

been deposited at an antecedent period, either while the larva was within

the body of the locust, or probably still earlier when the newly-hatched larva

was about to penetrate into the body of the locust, as described by Professor

Riley (loc. cit.), who also expresses his belief that the increase of and

annoyance from natural enemies, in excessive abundance, ‘often prove a

valid cause of migration” (l.c., p. 250). ‘The Tachina flies especially” (he

adds) ‘‘ have been known to follow the locusts in dense clouds, and we have

seen them so thick that not a locust could rise from the ground without

being pursued by several; and there is no escape from their pursuit until

the persecuted victim gets high in the air.”

The following details from Mr. Calvert respecting the Sarcophaga

lineata form an interesting sequel to his previous communications on the

beneficial influences of the Callostoma in counteracting locust ravages :—

‘ Dardanelles, July 14, 1881.

“T beg to call your particular attention to the larva that is found in the

body of the locust—no longer a matter of doubt. Each locust has from

one to three of these larvae, which are seen on tearing open the neck and

thorax. When the locust dies the larva, which is very active, leaves the

body, and buries itself in the ground with haste—proved by experiments

I have made. The head is provided with a couple of black hooks which can

be drawn in; these hooks are used when the larva is in motion, and to bury

itself. After a few hours the larva loses its liveliness in the ground. I have

no pods at present to try if the larva feeds on the eggs of the locust.

«A remarkable coincidence with the appearance of the parasite is the

melting away of the immense swarms of locusts that were hatched: it is

true some were devoured, but the great masses have died before the deposit

of the egg; the country so freed round us is about twenty miles by forty.

Tt is difficult to find locusts for specimens! The insects were very sickly

this year. The locusts free from the body-parasite larva form the

exception. How the parent introduces its egg in the locust has escaped

my observation.”

“ Dardanelles, July 21, 1881.

‘Since I wrote on the 14th, on examining the larve I had put by

I found these had changed to the pupa state, showing that they cannot be

(. mew |)

those of the Callostoma. ‘Those which buried themselves in the ground

are small and cylindrically oval in shape. May not this body-parasite be

the cause of the sickly state and disappearance of the locust? If so it

is a most valuable auxiliary to the Callostoma in destroying the locusts.

Numbers of these flies [the Callostoma] were observed in the streets of

this town on the 30th of June. I have not remarked that they hum in

their flight.”

“Thymbra, Plains of Troy, July 31, 1881.

“The pupa of the parasite larva found in the body of the locust has

now changed to the perfect insect. It is a fly which appears to me to

resemble the blow-fly, though much smaller. I have been on the hills

to-day to search for this fly, which I think I have found. Of the Callostoma

I did not meet with a single specimen. ‘The same of the locust. So

completely has the locust disappeared I can find no egg-pods to experiment

with, nor are there any within twenty miles of this place or of the Dar-

danelles. The body-parasite has destroyed the locusts that escaped the

Callostoma over 800 square miles.

“T regret not to have observed the Callostoma deposit its egg. ‘The fly

basked in the sun, and, when disturbed, flew a few yards and settled in a

determined way. In confinement it is always trying to effect its escape

and dies in a day or two.”

“ Dardanelles, August 4, 1881.

“T have now come to town, and on opening the box I had carefully

closed containing the pupe of the locust body-parasite, I found some more

flies (mentioned in my last) hatched. I send by post specimens of these

flies (D). Also of those found on the hills (r) to compare with p.

*T am informed that twenty-five miles north of this town locusts have

deposited their eggs over a space of country fifteen miles by thirty-five. It

is here that the Callostoma larve will have to be searched for, if any are

required. As to the propagation of the body-parasite, the plan to be adopted,

T think, would be to collect the sickly infested locusts and introduce them

amongst those that are free of the parasite.”

The President read a letter from the Colonial Office acknowledging the

receipt of the report on the insect attacking locust-eggs in the Troad, and

requesting that ‘‘ Lord Kimberley’s thanks be conveyed to the Society for

this valuable report.”

Papers read.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse read the “ Descriptions of some new Coleoptera

from Sumatra.” <Anomala (Spilota?) Curtisii (Rutelide), Macronota anceps

(Cetoniide), and Eutrachelus sumatrensis (Brenthide), and exhibited speci-

mens; also a specimen of Clerota brahma, Gestro, from Sumatra.

Mr. J. S. Baly communicated the “ Descriptions of uncharacterized

species of Humolpida, with notices of some previously described insects

{' Sox.)

belonging to the same family”; nineteen new species were described, from

various localities.

Mr. A. G. Butler communicated a “List of Butterflies collected in

Chili by Thomas Edmonds, Esq.” The very rich collection contained

sixty-nine distinct species, and many interesting notes on the habits and

history of the species were included.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

Part III. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1881 was on the table.

October 5, 1881.

H. T. Srarnton, Esq., F.R.S., &e., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Eahibitions, de.

Mr. R. M’Lachlan exhibited a female specimen of Gastrophysa raphani,

Fabr., bred from a parthenogenetic ovum by Dr. Osborne, of Letterkenny,

Donegal. The parent beetle previous to pairing laid thirteen batches of

eggs, in all 146 parthenogenetic ova, six of which completely hatched out ;

it then paired and subsequently laid fertile eggs, all being developed.

Dr. Osborne has reared two imagos of G. raphani from parthenogenetic

eggs; both females, in which occurred a certain amount of malformation.

Mr. T. Wood exhibited a specimen of Notiophilus biguttatus, Fabr.,

having two impressions on the right elytron and one on the left. It was

captured at West Wickham last August.

Mr. R. Meldola, on behalf of Mr. W. J. Argent, who was present as a

visitor, exhibited five varieties of Lepidoptera captured in Britain during

the present season, viz., a gynandromorphous specimen of Argynnis Paphia,

Linn., having the two left wings and half body typical male, the two right

wings and half body var. Valezina, Esp.; captured in the New Forest by

Mr. B. Cooper. Two much suffused males of A. Paphia, and a black

variety of Limenitis Sibylla, Linn. exhibiting well-marked traces of the

whitish band on each pair of wings; captured in the New Forest by

Mr. Argent. A very dark variety of Pieris napi, Linn. (var. Bryonia, Ochs.),

said to have been taken in the Orkney Isles.

Mr. H. B. Pim exhibited a specimen of Harpalus discoideus, Fabr.,

captured at Gravesend on July 26th of this year.

Mr. E. A. Fitch exhibited males, females and workers of Lasius mizxtus,

Nyl., which had been taken this year, for the first time in Britain, by

Mr. G. C. Bignell, at Bickleigh, Devon.

eo XXVlil_)

Mr. E. Saunders said that this species was now generally considered to

be only a form of L. umbratus, Nyl., differing from typical specimens in

having a narrower head and the pubescence more scattered.

Mr. A. 8. Olliff exhibited a specimen of Papilio americus, Koll. (sadalus,

Lucas), in which the neuration of the posterior wings was asymmetrical.

The radial nervure was wanting in the right posterior wing, and the

precostal nervures were dissimilar and abnormal; the submarginal spots in

the right hind wing were also abnormal, and the tail was much shorter than

in the other wing.

The Secretary read a letter, addressed to Mr. A. R. Wallace, from

Mr. James Blyth, of Vanualevu, Fiji, as follows :-—

““Our cocoa-nut trees are suffering more severely than usual this year

from the ravages of an insect called by the natives ‘ mimimata’ (mi or mimi

and mata). In Hazlewood’s Dictionary it is called ‘an insect of the Mantis

genus which lives chiefly on the leaves of the cocoa-nut; sometimes the nut

leaflets are stript of all but their ribs by it. It is avery filthy animal, ejecting

a most fetid fluid at one’s eyes; from the last circumstance it takes its

name. When this liquid is ejected into the eye it causes very great pain and

sometimes blindness. The planters called it a Phasma, or of the Phasmide

family—the cocoa-nut-eating Lopaphus (Lopaphus cocophagus).’ ‘There is

a larger insect in our woods—I have seen them 15 to 18 inches long—that

looks like it, called by the natives in Bua dialect ‘ Nasagaurara’ (= Nasan-

gaurara), and in the ‘ Scientific American’ of 27th September, 1879, there

is a figure, copied from ‘ La Nature,’ of an insect like this latter, called

‘Kerokrana Papuana.” ‘The mimimata is more plentiful in some seasons

than in others, and most plentiful and destructive when there has been no

hurricane (January to March). The planters wish to introduce some bird

that will clear the trees of the insects, and yet not destroy the early flower

of the nut or pick the berries of the coffee plant, or the ears of the maize, &c.

This is a matter of vital importance to us all and to the colony.”

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse mentioned that the two Phasmide referred to

were no doubt the Lopaphus cocophayes, Newp., and Phibalosoma Apollonius,

Westw.; specimens of the latter were in the British Museum Collection

from Vanualevu ; also specimens of Phibalosoma Pythonius, Westw.—rather

the larger species—from Ngau, Fiji. Mr. Waterhouse remarked that the

mention of Mantis was an obvious error, the Mantide being carnivorous.

Mr. E. A. Fitch said of course the Phasmide@ were protected species,

but the introduction of the Kinghunter (Haleyon sancta, Vig.) might prove

useful, as Mr. EK. L. Layard had related in ‘ The Field’ (August 10, 1878),

that this bird fed greedily on Cicadida@, &e., in New Caledonia. Lopaphus

cocophages was the species mentioned in our Proceedings (Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond., i., xii; Proc. July 6th, 1835) by Mr. Nightingale as so very

destructive to the cocoa-nut trees in the neighbouring Friendly Isles.

(> sxe 4

Mr. R. Trimen referred to a green and brown variegated Hetrodes,

a Locustid common in South Africa, which possessed the power of

squirting a greenish fluid to a distance of four feet.

Mr. W. L. Distant recommended reference to EK. Graeffe’s ‘ Entomolo-

gische Reisen im Innern d. Insel Viti-Levu’ (Zurich, 1868).

The Secretary read a communication received from the Colonial Office

with reference to the report upon the insect which attacks the eggs of

locusts; also an enclosure from Sir Robert Biddulph, High Commissioner

of Cyprus, enquiring whether the insect itself might not be destructive to

crops and vegetation; and further, an extract from a letter from Lieut.-Col.

Sir C. Wilson, H.M. Consul-General in Anatolia, recommending certain

mechanical steps to be taken with a view to the limitation of locust attacks,

also suggesting the introduction of the ‘“ Russet Starling, or Locust Bird,”

from Anatolia. It was pointed out that the fears of Sir R. Biddulph as

to the Callostoma being itself destructive to crops were unfounded, and pro-

bably arose from an erroneous idea that the insect was one of the Cantharide,

referred to in previous communications. The Russet Starling mentioned

in Lieut.-Col. Wilson’s despatch is doubtless the Pastor roseus, Linn.,

a migratory bird which no doubt already occurs in Cyprus. It is known to

be particularly destructive to locusts generally, but also often seriously

attacks the rice-fields in India.

Papers read.

Mr. D. Sharp communicated the descriptions of ‘‘ Some new Coleoptera

from the Hawaiian Islands.” Thirty-four new species, collected by the Rev.

T. Blackburn, were characterized; of the Nitidulide, eleven new species of

Brachypeplus ; of the Anobiida, thirteen new species referred to three new

genera (Xyletobius, Holcobius, and Mirosternus); of the Aglycyderide, six

additional species of Proterhinus ; and of the Cerambycide, two new species

of Clytarlus.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse read a paper “On some new South American

Coleoptera of the family Rutelide,” resulting from the examination of some

Rutelide collected by Mr. Buckley in Kcuador; which were described, together

with others already in the British Museum Collection. Mr. Waterhouse

remarked that hitherto the common dull black Brazilian Antichira had

been referred to Linné’s A. tetradactyla, but his description is ‘‘ ater, lucens,

levis; Hab. Jamaica”; several specimens of this insect are in the Museum

under Blanchard’s name of Macraspis melanaria, for which Linné’s name

must be substituted. For the Brazilian species Mr. Waterhouse adopted

Mannerheim’s subspecific name of M. dichroa, given to the reddish variety.

Prof. J. O. Westwood communicated the “ description of the immature

state of a Ceylonese insect apparently belonging to an undescribed genus.”

Several immature specimens of this insect (Dyscritina longisetosa) were taken

Sex )

this spring by Mr. Thwaites in Ceylon, running about the surface of some

garden mould. “It belongs to the great division of the mandibulate insects,

undergoing an active state preceding the assumption of the imago form and

possessing galeated maxille and articulated filamentous anal appendages.”

Drawings of the insect were exhibited.

Mr. P. Cameron communicated some “ Notes on Hymenoptera, with

descriptions of new species.” Several new species of Oxyura, Braconida,

Chalcidide, Fossores, and Tenthredinide were described, from various

localities ; a synopsis of the British species of Tenthredopsis was included.

Remarks on the structure of the ovipositor in the Yenthredinide were

appended to the paper.

November 2, 1881.

H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.R.S., &c., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited a variety of Urapteryx sambucaria, L.,

in which the transverse streaks in the fore wings were much broader than

usual and closely approximate, captured by Mr. F. H. Waterhouse at

Wandsworth. Also a specimen of a recently characterized Hemipteron,

Aépophilus Bonnairti, Sign.,- which Mr. Waterhouse discovered in the

British Museum Collection, labelled “ Polperro, Cornwall,” and which had

undoubtedly been set by the late Mr. F. Smith. He had no doubt the

specimen was of British origin. Mr. Waterhouse remarked on the some-

what abnormal characters of this species, pointing out that it received its

generic name from being a cohabitor with the coleopterous Aépus, living on

the sea-shore, under stones below tide-mark.

Mr. IX. Saunders referred to Dr. Signoret’s original descriptions of the

species (Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1879, p. Ixxiii, and Tijd. v. Ent. xxiii.

pp. 1—8, pl. 1.; 1880) from specimens found, under stones deeply imbedded

in the mud, in the Ile de Reé.

Mr. W. F. Kirby exhibited a new species of Anther@a (A. macroph-

thalma, Kirby), received by Mr. G. A. Higlett, who was present as a

visitor, from the Gold Coast (West Africa). Although a true Antherea it

was remarkable for its resemblance in coloration to the Mascarene Caligula

Suraka, Boisd.

Mr. Kirby also exhibited, on behalf of Mr. P. Cameron, numerous

microscopic preparations of the saws, mouth parts, and other details of

(. eee)

various Hymenoptera, including those of several Tenthredinide referred

to in his memoir read at the last meeting of the Society, in which

Mr. Cameron described what he considered the most useful process of

mounting specimens for entomological working purposes ; he recommended

the use of a }-inch power.

Mr. R. M’Lachlan said these were the best examples of microscopic

mounting he had seen since Curtis’s preparations. He was extremely .

gratified to find Mr. Cameron using the saw as a means of specific

distinction in the Tenthredinide, which had already been attempted by

Zaddach. In using the microscope for entomological purposes Mr.

M’Lachlan greatly preferred a 3-in. objective to the }-in.

Mr. Waterhouse also recommended the use of a 3-in. in preference to

the }-in.

The Rey. A. E. Eaton pointed out the dependence on the maker of the

various glasses when speaking of any particular power. For transparent

objects he should strongly recommend Ross’s lenses, but not for the semi-

transparent and opaque objects now exhibited. In some instances he

thought the use of a }-in. power necessary.

The Rev. A. E. Eaton exhibited pieces of honeycomb, constructed, by

a community of hive-bees, in the open air, upon the outside of an exposed

bare wall, quite unsheltered from the afternoon sun. Quite at the end of

last May, W. Herbert Evans, Esq., of Forde Abbey, Dorset, noticed a

protuberance on the western wall of the principal wing of his residence

placed just underneath a string course in the masonry, about 40 ft. from

the ground and 10 ft. below the battlements. For the moment he supposed

it to be a curiously coloured swallow’s nest, but on looking more carefully

at it he perceived that it was the commencement of a honeycomb, in course

of construction by the bees of an adjoining crevice. ‘The comb eventually

consisted of four slabs, hung parallel with the face of the wall, measuring

each of them about 2 ft. by 22 ft. The larger part of the combs was blown

down during the gale of October 14th, when many of the cells were found

to be tenanted by bee-grubs; but the bases of the combs still remain in

situ, and are not yet deserted by the bees. The fragments exhibited were

picked up from the ground under the nest on the 26th ult., after the bees

had forsaken them and the grubs had departed.

The President remarked that he knew no other instance on record of

the hive-bee building in the open air.

Mr. Eaton also exhibited specimens and coloured whole-figures of new

varieties of Armadillium vulgare, L., and Porcellio scaber, Latr., together

with a typical example of the latter species from Iceland. One variety of

Armadillium vulgare represented a specimen in which the ground-colour

of the body is bright orange-brown instead of black or greyish black, and

the commonly present bright yellow markings are more or less conspicuous.

(\ eee. . )

Of this variety Mr. Eaton nfebtainea one example near Lisbon, another

at Croydon in a hothouse, and a third on the Isle of Purbeck, in Dorsetshire.

In the other variety the predominant colour is either brownish ochre or

dull pale greenish yellow-ochre ; the antenne, head, and a transverse dorsal

band at the base of each of the body segments, not extending into the epimera

and mostly interrupted in the middle, blackened; in one example some

of the anal segments are marked with a pair of dorsal blackened spots,

and in two examples the ultimate pair of legs are blackened. Three

specimens of this variety were found beneath a stone, with one example

of the typical form, close to the sea-shore near Osmington Mill, in

Dorsetshire.

In the new colour-variety of Porcellio scaber the whole animal is of a

dull reddish rusty yellow (rufescente rubiyinosa) on the back, and whitish

beneath. The epimera in one example are paler than the body. During

life the dark contents of the digestive tube are visible from above, and the

pale marbling of the integument is inconspicuous; but when dried the former

disappears, and the latter (under a lens) becomes plainly distinguishable.

Two examples of this variety were captured on the Dorsetshire coast between

West Lulworth and Osmington Mill.

The Icelandic specimen of Porcellio scaber was obtained by Mr. J. Coles,

near Reykjavik, on September 10th last, at an altitude of about 40 ft. In

Portugal this is a common species, from the seashore in the province of

Minho to over 8000 ft. in the kingdom of Algarve, and to upwards of

4000 ft. in the province of Traz-os-Montes. It has an extensive distribution

in other parts of Europe, and is quoted as an introduced species in North

America.

Dr. H. C. Lang exhibited a specimen of Lycwna Icarus, Rott. (Alexis,

W. V.), var. [carinus, Scriba, in which the basal spots on the under side of

the fore wings are absent. Dr. Lang thought it would be difficult to

distinguish the female of this variety from L. Medon, Esp.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir remarked that he possessed specimens of this

variety, but he believed it to be of very rare occurrence in Britain.

Mr. W. L. Distant exhibited a specimen of an undescribed species of

Cicadida from Borneo, in which the opercula were developed to a greater

extent than in any other species with which he was acquainted, being not

only longer than the abdomen, but also extending beyond the lateral

margins of the same. Mr. Distant did not, however, wish to be understood

as implying that this insect, from the great size of the opercula, must

necessarily be remarkable for the depth and intensity of the sound it

produced over other Bornean species. In America Cicada opercularis,

having the opercula well developed, was one of the shrillest and loudest

musicians, but in the same region was found T'ympanoterpes gigas, whose

noise had been described as equalling the “ whistle of a locomotive,” but in

( xxx |

this species there is no considerable development of the opercula. Most of

the Cicadide were peculiar in having different times of the day when they

stridulated, and Mr. Distant recommended this practically unworked field

for observation to entomologists abroad.

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited a female specimen of Dufourea vulgaris,

Schk., captured on a bloom of ragwort on the banks of the Basingstoke Canal

Sir Sidney S. Saunders said he captured a male near Chewton, Hamp-

shire, in August, 1879. He believed this genus was rare on the Continent,

as Lepeletier de St. Fargeau had never met with specimens himself, but

described a male and female from Latreille’s collection.

Sir Sidney S. Saunders exhibited a species of Scleroderma received from

M. Ed. André, of Beaune, who states that it was sent to him by an

entomologist of Lyons, “ayant vécu a l'état de larve dans un pin maritime

et au dépens d’une larve de Coléoptére.”” It coimcides with the S. domestica

described from Berlin specimens in Prof. Westwood’s Monograph of the

genus in the second volume of our ‘Transactions,’ the scape of the

antenne, however, not being obscure at the base.

Sir Sidney Saunders also exhibited specimens of two dipterous insects,

Oscinis frontella, Fall., and Drosophila fenestrarum, Fall.; the former reared

from wild figs forwarded by Mr. Frank Calvert, of the Dardanelles ; the

latter from the Egyptian sycamore figs. In both instances the parent flies

appear to have entered these figs after the Cynipida, reared therein on the

seed-germs, had escaped through a large aperture which they make by

gnawing around the crown until this falls in. The slender white worm-

like larvee of the Oscinis were wriggling about amid the pulp of the fig,

together with many of the fragments of the former occupants, chiefly males

which never quit the fig; anda large number of the Oscinis pupe —some

of these obtained from their larve placed apart for identification—were

found attached to the paper wherein the figs were enveloped, the flies

emerging about three weeks later in September.

These figs were sent with the object of possibly obtaining from that

locality specimeus of the Cynips Psenes of Linneeus, found by Hasselquist

near Smyrna in the figs of the “ Ficus Carice orientalis,” as described in

his ‘Iter Palestinum,’ edited by Linneus in 1757, and therein adverted

to under the names of C. Ficus and C. Carica, found (April 6th) in the

same fig (in eadem cum altero Ficu), but the latter supposed to differ

from the former in species or in sex, while minutely defining the oviduct

of each; both having been united by Linnzus the following year, in

his tenth edition of the ‘Systema Nature,’ under the denomination of

Cynips Psenes.

The types of C. Ficus exist in the Linnean Cabinet at Burlington

House, but no one appears to have met with it since that period. This

xaxiy )

Cynips is described as rufous (corpus totum rufum), the C. Carice having

an oviduct twice the length of the body (corpore duplo longior); whereas

those found by Gravenhorst in the Hicus Carice of the Tyrol—constituting

his genus Blastophaga—were black (nigro-eneus), aud their oviduct very short

(longitudine dimide aut tertia partis abdominis). The specimens received

from the Dardanelles correspond with the latter (B. grossorum, Gr.), both

sexes being obtained from these figs, as, in other instances, from Montpellier

and Corfu, although neither Hasselquist nor Gravenhorst detected the

apterous males, which Mr. Calvert describes as ‘an insect that is found

always on its side, the abdomen shaped like that of a shrimp, which it

draws in.” They are occasionally found roaming within the fig with the

abdomen partially deflexed, but are usually concealed in a recumbent

attitude at the lower extremity of the stems to which the seed-vessels are

affixed, the abdominal region recurved beneath the thorax and projecting

beyoud the head.

Mr. Calvert’s attention had also been directed to the subject of

“ Caprification,” if practised in those parts, and to the popular traditions

associated therewith. He says, “The Cynips, I am told by the natives, is

said to promote the fructification of the fig; for this purpose, in plantations,

one of the wild trees (or ‘ male fig,’ as it is also called) is planted in the

proportion to seven or eight of the cultivated tree. Without the aid of the

wild fig the cultivated tree is said to cast a portion of its fruit, which it can

be made to retain by taking the above measures. The Cynips avoids the

sun and comes from the figs in the evening and early morning; calm and

fine weather is considered propitious for the Cynips to fructify the cultivated

fig; wind and rain the contrary. I have cut open many of the cultivated

figs in July, but have not detected the presence of the Cynips, or of any

other insect or larva therein.”

This coincides with M. Bernard’s remarks—cited by Prof. Westwood

in his memoir on “ Caprification” in our ‘ Transactions’ (vol. 11. p. 214)—

that he could never find the insect in the cultivated fig, and that in reality

it did not quit the wild fig until the stamina were mature, and their farina

dissipated ; adding that what they might have brought on their wings must

be rubbed off in the little aperture which they form for themselves.

All commentators, however, on this process—Linneus and Latreille

among the number, but excepting Olivier—appear to have assumed a priort

that the Cynips actually effects an entrance into the domestic figs (s’intro-

duisent par Veil); although it is not to those matured in July, when this

process is resorted to, but to the subsequent crop obtained from the same

trees the following month, that their influence is ascribed. To these later

figs Mr. Calvert’s researches were also extended, with the same negative

result; for he states (Sept. 21st), “I have examined many of the August

figs in all stages, and cannot find a trace of the Cynips. The only insect

( sey

noticed was a larva in the over-ripe fruit.” Other figs of the second crop,

subjected to the aforesaid process at Corfu and forwarded by post at that

period, have proved equally devoid of any occupants.

Hence it would appear that Olivier, after a long residence in the islands

of the Greek Archipelago, was justified in denouncing this practice as a

popular delusion, there being no corroborative evidence to attest that these

insects ever penetrate into the cultivated figs, as alleged, and that they can

thus be instrumental for the conveyance of pollen or the promotion of

fructification in any way.

Mr. M’Lachlan remarked that he had lately examined the Linnean

Collection, in company with a German botanist interested in the fig insects,

and had failed to find the types of Cynips Psenes.

In reply Sir Sidney Saunders stated that the specimens of C. Ficus in

the Linnean Cabinet, although unlabelled, correspond with Hasselquist’s

description, in their rufous colouring; and that, besides those mentioned

_ by Mr. M’Lachlan as enclosed in a wrapper, he had seen others (of which

he took note in December, 1878) displayed on a paper (rather than card),

being thus mounted like those of Cynips Cycomori, Hasselq., the latter

authenticated as such by Linneus himself, and in juxtaposition therewith ;

but that he had not an opportunity of examining whether both were

furnished with subjacent mandibular appendages like the species whose

generic identity with Gravenhorst’s Blastophaga had been long since

ascertained by Prof. Westwood (Joc. cit.). Hasselquist describes the habits

of his C. Ficus as identical with those of Gravenhorst’s species, but the

structure of the former had not been sufficiently defined by him to deter-

mine their generic association; although doubtless these specimens, coin-

ciding as aforesaid with those recorded in the ‘ Iter,’ constitute the genuine

types of Cynips Psenes of Linneeus.

Mr. H. T. Stainton exhibited some curious cases said to be constructed

by lepidopterous larvee, and read the followmg remarks communicated by

Dr. F. Buchanan White :—

“The peculiar structures herewith shown are the work of lepidopterous

larvee which inhabit the closed tubes which form the conspicuous part of

the structure. ‘These tubes, which each form a cul-de-sac, are attached to

the dry excreta of dogs (alba gre@ca), and are found on the bare ground on

the high land behind Aden. The tubes, I understand, are erect when in

their natural position. The larve possibly feed on the particles of bone

in the excreta. The present specimens were given to me by the finder,

Dr. George Hay, Port-Surgeon at Aden, who I hope will yet discover the

imago of the maker. A tube which I opened at the time Dr. Hay gave me

them contained a living larva, but I failed to rear it.”

Mr. Stainton said it was remarked in our ‘ Proceedings’ that “ no other

insect [than Dolerus palustris, Klg.| was known to feed on Hquisetum”

Xxxvl_)

(ante p. xxii). He was requested by Mr. Buckler to refer to his description

of a larva of Hydrecia micacea, Esp., found feeding on the roots and stems

of Hquisetum arvense and later on FE. fluviatile (cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., vi. 164).

Mr. Stainton exhibited a specimen of Cerura vinula, L., which had

been bred by Mr. Piffard from a larva found in Hertfordshire, and from

the description, more especially of the larva, in Kirby’s ‘ European Butter-

flies and Moths,’ p. 186, had been referred by him to C. erminea, Esp.

Mr. Stainton and the members generally considered this specimen lacked

the peculiar whiteness characteristic of C. erminea, and that it was only

C. vinula. Mr. Stainton exhibited the figures of C. erminea larva in

Freyer's ‘Beitrage zur Geschichte europiischer Schmetterlinge’ and

‘Neuere Beitrage zur Schmetterlingskunde,’ in Duponchel’s ‘ Icono-

' graphie des Chenilles,’ and in Boisduval and Rambur’s ‘ Collection Icono-

graphique et Historique des Chenilles d’Kurope,’ and made remarks on

the same, especially referring to the difference between Freyer’s and

Duponchel’s figures.

Papers read, ée.

Mr. A. G. Butler communicated the completion of his “ Descriptions of

new Genera and Species of Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan,” treating

of the Pyrales and Micros. Three new genera and twenty-nine new species

were described. The descriptions of ten supplementary species belonging

to various families were also included, a new genus of Notodontide (Platy-

chasma) and of Ligiide (Macrochthonia) being characterized. In all the

descriptions of one hundred and eighty new species were included.

Prof. J. O. Westwood communicated a memoir entitled “‘ Note Diptero-

logice. No. 6.—On the minute species of dipterous insects, especially

Muscida, which attack the different kinds of cereal crops”; giving a resumé

of the descriptions and habits of the various species referred to by Linneus,

Zetterstedt, Bjerkander, Markwick, Olivier, Herpin, Guerin Méneyille,

Dagonet, Curtis and himself. Special reference was made to a species

(Oscinis avene, Bjerk.) which this year had proved very destructive to

housed oat grains, near Winchester.

Mr. Fitch remarked that Curtis's Oscinis granarius was most probably

synonymous with this species. It differed from his O. vastator in having

the base of the tibia black, not ferruginous, and the larva lived in the

wheat-grains. Most probably it was the same species which the Rey. O. P,

Cambridge had found this year in great numbers in Dorsetshire in a loft

where some barley had been stored. Mr. Fitch also mentioned that on the

heavy clay-land of Essex it was remarkable that wheat after a whole

summer's fallow was almost invariably attacked by the young stem-feeding

larvee of O. vastator, Curt., locally known as “ white maggot.”

( xxxya- )

December 7, 1881.

H. T. Srartntoy, Esq., F.R.S., &c., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Augustus R. Grote, Esq., M.A., President of the New York Entomo-

logical Club, was present as a. visitor.

Election of a Member.

A. J. Scollick, Esq. (Albion Lodge, Putney, S.W.), was balloted for and

elected a Member of the Society.

Exhibitions, éc.

Mr. W. C. Boyd exhibited a variety of Ennomos tiliaria, Bkh., in which

the transverse streaks in the fore wings were closely approximate on the

costa, uniting in the middle of the wing, and were confluent to the inner

margin. The specimen was captured at light this autumn at Cheshunt.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited specimens of Scenopinus fenestralis,

Latr., with their pupa-cases, bred from dried roots of Aconitum ; a specimen

of Phora rufipes, Meign., bred from Nematus ribesii, and specimens of

Oscinis pusilla, Zett., bred from stems of barley.

Mr. G. H. Verrall expressed surprise that the larva of Scenopinus should

be found feeding on the Aconitum roots. This species was commonly known

as “the carpet fly,” and its larva mostly fed on old cotton or woollen

materials, frequently on old greasy horse-cloths, the fly being a general

inhabitant of stable-windows; hence its name.

Mr. E. A. Fitch remarked that he had bred Phora rufipes in some

numbers, also a specimen of Phora minor, Zett.?, from the larve of

Nematus salicis.”

Mr. Verrall stated that he once boxed a living hornet (Vespa erabro) and

several specimens of one of the Phoride@ emerged from it, after death.

Mr. F. P. Pascoe exhibited the larva of an ant-lion, taken alive by a

London grocer from a barrel of currants received from Zante. Mr. Pascoe

said that it had lived in his possession for more than a month, but apparently

in a semi-torpid state, and he could not induce it to eat anything.

Mr. R. M’Lachlan regretted the imago could not have been bred ; he did

not recognise this larva, which was too large for either of the tvo common

European species of Myrmeleon; neither was it Palpares libelluloides.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir remarked that the larva now exhibited was quite

double the size of those which he had reared.

(_ xxxvur )

Mr. R. M’Lachlan ae curculionideous larva found by Mr. G. F.

Wilson, of Weybridge, feeding in the bulbs of lilies (probably from Japan),

which had proved very destructive to some of those plants grown in pots.

It resembled an Otiorhynchus larva, but was probably more closely allied

to that of a Brachycerus (cf. Aun. Soc. Ent. France, 1875, pp. 95-6;

1874, pl. iv. fig. i.).

Mr. A.S. Olliff exhibited a specimen of Harpalus cupreus, Dej., captured

this year in the Isle of Wight by Mr. A. C. Horner, of Tunbridge.

Mr. H. B. Pim exhibited a specimen of a Telephorus which he captured

last summer at West Wickham. This had been pronounced by the Rev.W.W.

Fowler to be “ possibly a variety of 7. ditwratus, Fall., but probably new.”

The Secretary exhibited a box of locust egg-cases, with specimens of the

Bombyliid larvee found feeding on the eggs, transmitted by Sir Robert

Biddulph from Cyprus; he also read a communication received therewith

from the Colonial Office, and the following report on the same :—

To the Council of the Entomological Society of London.

GENTLEMEN,—We have considered the communication of 26th October

received from the Colonial Office, enclosing copy of a despatch from Her

Majesty’s High Commissioner in Cyprus, dated Nicosia, 15th October

(Cyprus, No. 392), relative to an insect destructive to the locust eggs.

We have also carefully examined the box of specimens transmitted there-

with, and in accordance with your instructions we beg to lay before you the

following observations thereon :—

The box of specimens transmitted by Sir Robert Biddulph contained a

quantity of earth in which were 58 locust egg-cases and 178 specimens of the

egg-feeding larvae, some of which quitted the cases soon after they reached

us; also two glass tubes, in each of which were six specimens of the adult

larvee preserved in spirits, one containing specimens from the white earth-

cases, and the other from those found in red earth.

There can be no doubt that these larve are those of Dombyliide, and

they appear to be identical with the specimens previously received from the

Troad. Whether the larvee belong to more than one species of bee-fly, and

whether they are those of the banded-wing species (Callostoma fascipennis,

Macquart) is practically immaterial. They are certainly very closely allied

if not identical and their life-history is similar.

These Bombyliids, or bee-flies, in the perfect state are rather large

and conspicuous two-winged flies, which have a very rapid darting flight

and a general habit of hovering over flowers, when they produce a bee-like

humming, hence their popular name. They feed on the nectar of flowers

exclusively, which they suck through their long proboscis when on the wing.

They can in no way be destructive to crops in any stage.

Where the egys of the particular species of bee-flies now under

( Sekix )

consideration are laid, is not yet known, but the apod larve are found

in the egg-cases of the locusts, when less than half grown. The larve

themselves may be unmistakably recognised, as curvate, fleshy, smooth,

pale-yellow or creamy-white grubs, having a small and retractile but

prominent, well-defined, shining brown head. They are flattened beneath,

with a catenulated lateral border above, and measure from half to three-

quarters of an inch in length. They leave these egg-cases in the autumn,

forcing their way through the mucous deposit which closes the cases; they

then live during the winter in the earth as larve, but feed no more. In the

late spring (May or June) these larvee change to brown spinose pupe in

the ground without any special cocoon or covering. Previous to the last

change these pupe force their way through the surface of the ground, and

the perfect fly then makes its escape.

Sir R. Biddulph’s despatch informs us that from 5 to 8 per cent. of the

locust eggs are this year devoured by these larvee. Since 800,000 okes of

locust egg-cases have been destroyed in Cyprus this season to the end

of October, it follows, from the lowest computation,* that about eighty

millions of our powerful natural allies—the bee-flies—were associated with

them, and must have been sacrificed if the destruction of the egg-cases

took place before the larvee of the fly had left the cases. It is during

their long larval life that these insects can be specially protected. The

very important problems now requiring solution are (1) the means of

readily ascertaining those egg-cases which contain the bee-fly larve, and

(2) how to retain the services of such a legion of auxiliaries and render their

co-operation more effective hereafter.

These details, however, can best be worked out by the authorities on

the spot, according to the means at their command and their method of

collecting and disposing of the egg-cases in the several districts; while

availing themselves of the facility afforded by the grubs in’ quitting these

cases in the autumn for the purpose of completing their metamorphoses in

the earth, at a period long anterior to the development of the locusts them-

selves. Thus, if the egg-cases were in the first instance deposited in parcels

here and there in suitable localities, where the Bombyliid larve should of

themselves be enabled at once to penetrate into the earth—allowing a suffi-

cient time for this purpose, say until the beginning or end of November—the

cases should then be destroyed, as presumably containing only locust eggs

at that period.

We cannot conclude without expressing our satisfaction at the discovery

of these valuable coadjutors in Cyprus, as suggested in our previous Report ;

* Of the egg-cases received 1 oz., avoirdupois, contains 48 white-earth cases

or 38 red-earth cases; say 45 cases average. An oke being 2? tb. English (44 oz.

avoirdupois), there would be thus about 2000 egg-cases to the oke, and if 5 per cent.

were affected, one oke of these cases would contain about 100 Bombylhid larve.

and that it now only remains to give practical effect to this result by

suitable measures to promote their preservation and development.

We are, Gentlemen,

Yours obediently,

SIDNEY SMITH SAUNDERS.

CHARLES O, WATERHOUSE.

Epwarp A. Fircu.

Sir Sidney S. Saunders read some further particulars received from

M. Ed. André, of Beaune, Cote d'Or, relative to the Scleroderma exhibited

at the last meeting, as follows :—

«Je suis en mesure de vous donner sur sa maniére de vivre des ren-

seignements assez complets que vous pourrez communiquer a la prochaine

séance de la Société Entomologique. Je tiens ces insectes du Prof. Belon,

de Lyon, et je vous transcris ci-dessous ce qu'il me dit a ce sujet dans sa

lettre d’envoi :—

« «Kitant a Arcachon (Gironde), j’avais eu l’heureuse chance de rencontrer

plusieurs larves d’un longicorne fort rare. l’;Oaypleurus Nodieri, Mulsant.

J’avais soigneusement renfermé dans un coffre en bois les biches de pin

qui contenaient ce petit trésor et j’attendais avec impatience l’époque de la

transformation en insecte parfait. Voyant que l’éclosion n’avait pas lieu,

je me mis a fendre le bois et a examiner les galeries afin de constater ou en

etaient mes larves. Bient6tj’en rencontrai une qui était morte ou a peu pres

et qui me parut demesurément étirée; je l’examinai a la loupe et j’apercus

a l’intersection des divers segments abdominaux des parasites qui se nourris-

saient de sa substance et devaient étre la cause de sa mort. I] y en avait

environ une douzaine. Au premier moment, contrarié de l’insuccés de mon

élevage, je ne refléchis pas a l’intérét qu'il pouvait y avoir a laisser ces

parasites subir leurs métamorphoses, et je jetai la larve morte avee son

cortege de suceurs. Quelques jours apres, je recommengai mon exploration

et cette fois avec l’intention bien arrétée de me rendre compte de l’identite

des ennemis de l’Oaypleurus. J’ai eu, il est vrai, le desagrement de rencontrer

deux larves dévorees par les parasites; il n’ en restait plus qu'une partie de

la peau; mais a louverture de la galerie, j’apercus de petites fourmis (sie)

qui se misent a fuir, Celles que je recueillis étaient évidemment les

insectes parfaits issus des larves que j’avais vues a l'ceuvre de destruction.’

“Vous voyez par l’extrait qui précéde qu'il n’est guere possible de

demander davantage pour la connaissance des meeurs de notre Scleroderma.

Il est bien regrettable que la larve u’ait pas été dessinée: mais je prierai

le Prof. Belon de poursuivre l’an prochain cette étude, s'il retourne a

Arcachon et il faut espérer qu’il pourra compléter ces données. D’aprés ce

qu'il dit, il est facile de conclure que la larve de Scleroderma est un parasite

externe et en tout semblable pour ses mceurs a celle du Bethylus formicarius,

(xi)

si bien decrite et figuree par Audouin en 1840. (Les insectes nusibles a la

vigne, p. 189.) J’éspere que cette communication intéressera nos collegues

de la Société Kntomologique et vous pourrez leur assurer que je ne

négligerai rien pour la completer ultérieurement.”

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited diagrams and read the following :—

Remarks on the Types of Cynips psenes and Cynips sycomori in the

Linnean Collection.

“At the last meeting of this Society some remarks were made

respecting the Cynips psenes and Cynips sycomori, with special reference

to the specimens in the Linnean Collection. In consequence of that

discussion I have taken an opportunity of visiting the Linnean Society,

and have made a careful examination of the specimens now there.

“T found under the head of Cynips two sets of specimens belonging to

two species. ‘The two sets are mounted exactly in the same manner, and

(what is most peculiar) on rice-paper.

“ The first set consists of five specimens, all of the same species. On

the rice-paper itself is written ‘Sycomori,’ and below that something which

appears to be ‘ex Cairo 1730,’ or it is more probably ‘1750.’

“ This insect is pitchy black, highly polished; the mandibles, the front

margin of the head and a narrow space between two longitudinal frontal

furrows are pale pitchy testaceous; the femora are pitchy, the tibie and

tarsi very pale yellowish testaceous. At the back of the head there is an

oval impression, and in front of this I think I detect an ocellus, and

another on each side of the impression close to the basal margin.

I mention these only with some reserve, as the dots alluded to are so

extremely small that I could not be certain as to their being ocelli. On

the under side of the head I find no traces of the curious ovate, striate

appendages characteristic of Blastophaga. The antenne are wanting in all

the specimens. The abdomen has three anal appendages which are nearly

as long as the whole insect, pale testaceous, the two outer ones dusky, and

slightly thickened at the apex.

“These specimens agree very fairly with Hasselquist’s description of his

Cynips cycomori (‘Iter Palestinum,’ 1757, p. 426). He states, however,

that the legs and aculeus are ‘ex albido ferruginei, apice pedum saturate

ferrugineo.’ The specimens in question have the femora pitchy, with the

tibie and tarsi very pale; and the aculeus is pale, with the apex dusky.

T do not think much stress should be laid on this slight discrepancy. It

must be remembered that the specimens are only about a line long, and

that magnifying powers 180 years ago were not what they are now; he

himself states that the claws appeared to be wanting, or at least were not

visible ‘ oculo mediocriter armato.’

“With regard to the writing on the paper, I may say that T believe it

( xii )

to be that of Linneeus. I have compared it with his handwriting, and the

form of the capital S and other letters agree very well. It is not Hassel-

quist’s, because he writes Sycomori ‘Cycomori.’ The locality ‘ex Cairo’

would agree with Egypt, assigned to the species by Hasselquist, and as he

states that he captured the Cynips ficus in April, 1750, I think we may

fairly conclude that this is the date written on the paper, and that these

specimens were received by Linneeus from Hasselquist.

“ Now with regard to the second species. Of this there are numerous

specimens on the rice-paper, besides some unmounted ones wrapped in a

separate paper. These agree with Hasselquist’s Cynips ficus (Iter Palest.

p- 424), but they are not labelled in any way whatever. They clearly, how-

ever, belong to the same series as the Sycomori. These specimens are

pitchy red; some paler, some darker; the antenne are paler in colour

than the head, but are darker at the apex than at the base. The whole

under side of the insect, the legs, and the aculeus are pale pitchy testaceous ;

the claws are pale pitchy. This insect closely resembles a specimen which

was sent to me by Sir Sidney Saunders as Blastophaga yrossorum, Grav.,

but it is much paler in colour, with no geneous tint about it, and the head is

slightly narrower than in B. grossorum.

“With regard to Cynips carice, Hasselquist (Iter Palest., p. 425), it

should be noticed that he says the aculeus is twice the length of the body. He

says nothing of the length of the aculeus in C. jicus; but as he particularly

points out the length of the aculeus in C. caric@ as a character by which to

distinguish it from C. ficus, we may conclude that it is short in this latter

species, as we find it in the Linnean specimens. The C. jicus and C. carica,

united under the name of C. psenes by Linneus, must certainly, therefore,

be considered distinct species.

“Tt now only remains for me to point out that by some singular

misfortune Prof. Westwood (Trans. Ent. Soc., ii., 1837, p. 220, pl. xx., f. 4)

has described and figured C. ficus under the name blastophaga sycomori,

stating that he took his description from the Linnean specimens. How

this occurred it is impossible now to say. But in all probability he took

the specimens on both pieces of rice-paper to belong to the same species.

* Since the above was written Sir S. Saunders has shown me specimens

of Sycophaga crassipes, Westw. (Trans. Ent. Soc., i., 1837, p. 222, pl. xx.,

f. 5), and I at once recognise them as identical with the true Cynips

sycomori, Hasselq.”

In reply Sir Sidney Saunders remarked that we were much indebted to

Mr. Waterhouse for his careful investigation of the Linnean Cynipide,

showing that the Cynips ficus had been unwittingly confounded with the

C. sycomori. He thought, however, that this circumstance might be

reasonably ascribed to certain anterior complications, whereby Linneus

had been deluded in the first instance. ‘To elucidate this transformation

( xn ))

ab ovo (so to speak), he mentioned that Hasselquist, in his posthumous

work, the ‘Iter Palestinum,’ edited by Linneus, described four species of

Cynips, the last of which—the C. egypti—might be dismissed at once,

having no connection with this controversy: it was found on the leaves of

various trees; it was dark green (saturate viridis), half a line long, with

wings double the length of the body, and a very short oviduct. With

the other three we had become more or less familiar by Mr. Water-

house’s instructive diagrams and comments thereon. They were designated

(1) C. ficus, (2) C. carice, and (3) C. cycomori. But in the diagnosis of

the first species a remarkable omission occurred which has been the primary

cause of mistaken identity in the sequel, no allusion being made to the

relative length of the oviduct, whether long or short.

In the C. carice he commences with avowing its great similarity to

CU. ficus,—“ Partes omnes ut in antecedente,’—adding, however, that the

abdomen was more slender and wider apart from the thorax. He then

proceeds to define certain supposed structural differences in the oviduct,

the dimensions of which are here supplied as double the length of the body ;

while his ideal divergences imply the mere union or disunion of the terebra

and its demi-sheaths, the former exposed and separate from the latter in

the one instance, but concealed within the retaining valves and only

partially perceptible towards the apex of the abdomen in the other. Thus

in the C. ficus he states, ‘ Alculei (sic) duo sub cauda; superiore longiore,

crassiore; inferiore breviore, tenuiore;” and, in the C. carice, “ Aculeus

caudee unicus, corpore duplo longior, capelliaris, versus caudam subtus

carinatus, crassior, parumque pilosus, reliqua parte tenuis, glaber, equalis.

Aculeus alius abdomen terminans, minimus, crassiusculus, subrigidus.” He

then informs us that they were both found in the same fig, “in eadem

cum altero ficu habitat”; to which he appends a remarkable query as to

the sex or species of his C. carice, ‘“‘ An preecedens ex altero sexu? an

diversa species ?”

No specimen of the latter exists in the Linnean Cabinet, but the length

of its oviduct must be accepted as correct, considering Hasselquist’s habitual

precision; for, in expounding that his C. jicus had six legs, he was careful

to add that three were attached to the thorax on either side—‘ Pedes VL.,

utrinque tres, omnes thoraci affixi.” He was equally explicit as to the

position of the legs in his C. eycomori! His C. carice may have been a

solitary example, for he gives no indication to the contrary; whereas the

C. ficus was found in multitudes, ‘in quovis fere germine unum reconditum.”’

At all events Linneeus could never have seen the C. carica, for had he been

enabled to compare the two he must have recognised a discrepancy in

the length of their respective oviducts, to which no clue was afforded by

the text; so that, scarcely confiding in the physiological proficiency of his

pupil, he comprised both together, in his tenth edition, under a joint name—

( aliv )

his Cynips psenes—without a word of comment; referring to the numbers

and pages of the ‘Iter’ as mutually applicable, and thereby giving the

sanction of his authority to a corresponding oviduct in each!

This metamorphosis involved a further complication at a later period:

the C. carice had disappeared—no species having a similar oviduct was to

be found ;—the C. sycomori, marked as such by Linneus, was there; but

the few specimens thus authenticated were in a mutilated condition, reft of

antenne ; while others, mounted in like manner and in better preservation,

though bearing no name, were contiguous thereto: what could these be?

Could they represent the C. psenes of Linneus? Certainly not, for where

was the oviduct double the length of the body? On the contrary, theirs

was very short! No other species had been recorded—and why were these

left unnamed, unless duplicates of the C. sycomori? Their oviduct might

have been overrated before; its precise dimensions to be ascertained by sub-

sequent measurement; whereby its relative proportions became eventually

reducible to about half the length of the abdomen (abdominis dimidii fere

longitudine). So also the peculiar characters of the trophi and antenne—

generically identical with the Blastophaga of Gravenhorst—were attributed

to C. sycomori. Thus Linneus, after having been inveigled into a miscon-

ception by Hasselquist, became himself a decoy for others!

Apart, however, from any circumstances attending such mistaken

identity (which the President observed were quite intelligible), the C. ficus,

hitherto playing a false part under a feigned name, must now be permitted

to resume her appropriate rank and title as a true Blastophaga, on whose

distinctive characters, illustrated in our ‘Transactions’ forty years ago,

Professor Westwood lavished all his artistic talents and exquisite precision

of detail—

* Nihil non tetigit—

Nihil quod tetigit non ornavit !”

On the other hand, the C. sycomori, superseded in her pretentions as

aforesaid, has yet to reveal her natural affinities in relinquishing her

generic pseudonym. The absence of mandibular appendages, as now

ascertained by Mr. Waterhouse, coupled with a close resemblance in the

oviduct to that of the genus Sycophaga—figured and described by Prof.

Westwood on the same occasion—would seem to point to an intimate

alliance therewith. The antenne (unfortunately wanting in the types of

the former) are described by Hasselquist as “clavate, verticis medio insert,

approximate, capite duplo fere longiores”; thereby coinciding also with

those of Sycophaga; but Linneus, in giving an independent description

thereof, defines them as “subulate.” It would seem difficult to reconcile

these conflicting characters assigned to the self-same types; although, as

Mr. Waterhouse has noticed, these organs assume a different aspect towards

the apex when viewed from above. The habitat of Sycophaga crassipes,

(“aly 7

Westw., is likewise identical with that of C.sycomori, both being reared

from the seed-vessels of Egyptian Sycamore figs; wherein, moreover, no other

species has been detected after persevering and careful research at various

periods. It would thus seem that the latter, divested of her incognito, has

been felicitously represented contemporaneously with her associate, although

under different denominations ;—the one merging into blastophaga ficus,

the other into Sycophaga sycomori.

Papers read.

Mr. W. L. Distant read the “ Descriptions of new species belonging to

the Homopterous family Cicadide.” Twenty-two new species were described,

three from the Neotropical, three from the Ethiopian, thirteen from the

Oriental, one Palearctic, one Australian, and one from the Pacific Regions.

Mr. A. G. Butler communicated a “ List of Heterocerous Lepidoptera

collected in Chili by Thomas Edmonds, Esq. Part I. Sphinges and

Bombyces.” Three species of Sphingide and forty-one Bombyces were

obtained; many valuable notes on the species are incorporated in the

paper, and beautiful coloured drawings of the larve of the Sphingide and

others were exhibited. Referring to the position of the Hepialide and

Psychide, Mr. Butler remarked, “I strongly suspect the natural order to

be Cosside, Psychide, Hepialide, Castniide, judging them apart from the

Micro-Lepidoptera, some of which seem allied to Cossus.”

ANNUAL MEETING,

January 18, 1882.

H. T. Srarnton, Esq., F.R.S., &c., President, in the chair.

An abstract of the Treasurer’s Accounts for 1881 was read by Mr. J. W.

Dunning, one of the Auditors, showing a balance of £3 10s. 6d. in favour

of the Society.

The Secretary read the following :—

Report oF THE Councit For 1881.

In accordance with the Bye-Laws, the Council begs to present the

following Report :—

The vacancy in the list of Honorary Members occasioned by the death

of the lamented lepidopterist, Achille Guenée, mentioned in the last Report,

has been filled by the election of his distinguished compatriot, Dr. Victor

Signoret.

( aig)

During the year 1881 the Society has lost four members by death,

Messrs. John Gould, F'.R.S. (an original member), William Garneys, John

Gray, and Count G. de Mniszech, and one subscriber, Mr. Ii. M. Janson.

Three members and one subscriber have resigned, while the names of two

members have been removed under the Bye-Laws (c. xiv. 3). Kleven new

members and subscribers have been elected, thus exactly balancing the

number of losses.

The Society now consists of—

10 Honorary Members.

36 Life Members.

163 Ordinary Members.

34 Annual Subscribers.

In April, 1880, Miss G. Ormerod authorised the Council to offer two

prizes of £5 each; (1) for the best Essay on the early stages of the life-

history of Sitones lineatus, S. crinitus, or other injurious species, commonly

known by the name of “ Pea weevil”; (2) for the best Kssay on methods of

prevention or remedy for Insect attacks upon Pine or Fir plantations, with

special reference to ‘‘ weevils or sawflies.” The Council desires to thank

Miss Ormerod for her offer, but has to announce, with regret, that no

essays have been received.

It is with considerable satisfaction that the Council has obtained, in

three reports contributed by members of the Society, valuable information

on practical subjects in which the Colonial Office were interested, and on

which they had addressed the Society. The matters enquired into were

the presence of the dreaded Phylloxera of the vine in Victoria, and the

economy of an insect whose larva had proved very destructive to the eggs

of locusts in the Troad, and now found as a powerful natural ally in

attempting to prevent the devastating locust attacks in Cyprus. The

information supplied to the Colonial Office cannot fail to be of practical

use in the countries concerned, and the Society must congratulate itself on

the way in which the Government has asked and received its help.

Altogether, during the past year, the Society has quite maintained its

high position of usefulness. Increased interest has apparently been taken

in its meetings, as evidenced by the published ‘ Proceedings,’ while the

Attendance-book shows that they have been remarkably well supported, the

average attendance exceeding twenty-eight. ‘The volume of ‘Transactions’

is one of the largest ever issued by the Society in any one year. It contains

thirty-nine memoirs, contributed by seventeen authors, extending to 648

pages, exclusive of the ‘ Proceedings,’ and is illustrated with the unpre-

cedented number of twenty-two plates, of which three are coloured. Many

of the memoirs are of special scientific interest; with some satisfaction the

Council begs to point out that five or six of these relate to British Ento-

(xvas }

mology, but it is to be regretted that more monographs, life-histories, or

biological notices of our native insects have not been forthcoming.

This unusually large volume of the ‘ Transactions’ has entailed greatly

increased expenses for printing and plates, consequently last year’s balance

has almost disappeared. Had it not been for very liberal donations of

money and the presentation of six plates the expenses of so rich a volume

could not have been defrayed. Although the balance in favour of the

Society has thus been reduced from £57 to between £3 and £4 our

financial account, of which the following is an abstract, cannot be con-

sidered unsatisfactory :—

RECEIPTS. PAYMENTS.

Balance brought forward .- £57), Rent, Office, and ean £121

Contributions of Members - 218 Expenses - S :

Sale of Publications : - 74] Publications - - = aud

Interest on Consols : = 9 | Library - : : = ae

Donations - - - ae xen

£449 £446

The thanks of the Society are due to Mr. Dunning for £40, to

Mr. Stainton for £25, and to Mr. M’Lachlan and several other members

for liberal donations; to Lord Walsingham for defraying the cost of Plates

X., XL, Xii., and xiii., and to Mr. Pascoe for presenting Plates i. and ii.,

which illustrate their respective memoirs ; also to Mr. Grut for gratuitously

supplying the Library with a number of boxes for pamphlets, &c.

The Library has been increased during the year by many valuable

donations, and a sum exceeding £26 has been spent on binding and in the

purchase of books, increased attention being paid to the various ento-

mological serials which hitherto the Society has not received. Among the

additions the following works deserve special mention :—Walsingham’s

‘ Pterophoridee of California and Oregon’; Piaget’s ‘ Pédiculaires’; Loew’s

‘Die Europaischen Bohrfliegen’; Saussure’s ‘ Orthoptéres de ]’Amerique

Centrale’; and the completion of the Atlas to Burmeister’s ‘ Description

physique de la Republique Argentine.’ The Library regulations have been

considered by the Council with a view to make the unbound books and

pamphlets more accessible to members generally. The Council learns

with much pleasure, from the Librarian’s report, that the number of books

borrowed has shown a large but steady increase during the last few years;

in 1878, 131 volumes were borrowed; in 1879, 172; in 1880, 261; while

last year the number rose to 319.

In conclusion, the Council begs to remind members that this is the

fiftieth year of the Society’s existence, and to express a wish that the

present members will bring the Society’s claims on their patronage before

(| xlviii_ )

their fellow workers, that the jubilee meeting may show a much larger roll

of members than the present muster. If the large body of entomologists in

Britain who have not joined the Society did but know how great are the

advantages offered to its members, it confidently expects that a large

accession of members would be attracted. This would enable the Society

to extend its publications and to enrich its Library; and the good work

done by the Society being more widely known could but tend to foster

the study of Entomology and accelerate its progress on a wider and more

scientific basis, in this country.

11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W.

18th January, 1882.

The President appointed Messrs. T. R. Billups and H. Bedford Pim

scrutineers.

The following Members of Council were elected for 1882 :—W. Cole,

E. A. Fitch, W. A. Forbes, F. Du C. Godman, Rev. H. S. Gorham,

F. Grut, W. F. Kirby, F. P. Pascoe, O. Salvin, E. Saunders, Lord

Walsingham, C. O. Waterhouse.

The following officers were subsequently elected :—President, H. 'T.

Stainton, F.R.S.; Treasurer, E. Saunders, F.L.S.; Librarian, F. Grut,

F.L.S.; Secretaries, K. A. Fitch, F.L.S., and W. F. Kirby.

An address was then delivered by the President, at the conclusion of

which Mr. J. W. Dunning moved a vote of thanks to Mr. Stainton for his

services as President during the year, and proposed that his address should

be printed with the ‘ Proceedings.’ The proposal was seconded by Sir

Sidney Saunders and carried by acclamation.

Mr. M’Lachlan proposed a vote of thanks to the Treasurer, Librarian,

and Secretaries. Mr. Jenner Weir seconded the motion, which was carried

unanimously.

Messrs. Grut and Fitch made some remarks in acknowledgment.

( bx

ABSTRACT OF TREASURER’S ACCOUNTS FOR 1881.

1881 oe £ s. d.| 1881 ge hard a £ 8. d.

To Balance at 1 Jan.1881 - 5713 2|By Rent, Salary of Sub-

Subscriptions, as per list - 164 17 0 Librarian, and ote} 121 1 10

Aas. : : Sat. 4 Printing - e : = Dale}, ts)

Composition - = = 1s) ies Plates ewes 3 Slt vee

Powatons ; ‘ - 9016 0 Books, Binding, &e. = 260 100

‘Transactions’ - - Saaaelion ie

Consols, interest on } 9 3 3

£313 4s. 8d. Balance - =e oe Oeeo

£450 9 7 £450 9 7

ASSETS.

i es. dd:

Subscriptions due, considered good — - : - =) LORLONO

Consols, £313 4s. 8d. - - - - (cost) 293 4 0

Balance in hand > : : = = = se Selly

£307 4 6

EDWARD SAUNDERS, Treasurer.

J. W. May.

V. R. PERKINS.

Audited and found correct. | R. Mrenpona.

| Wu. Coe.

J. W. DUNNING.

11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W.

11th January, 1882.

THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

As already remarked in the Report of the Council, by the

death of Joun Gout, F.R.S., the celebrated Ornithologist (or, as

he preferred to call himself, the ‘‘ Birdman’’), we have lost one

of our few still remaining Original Members. These are now

reduced to seven, one of whom, I am happy to see, is still a

regular attendant at our meetings, and another is constantly

occupied yet with entomological work, though his appearances

here are now somewhat ‘like angels’ visits, few and far

between.”

I am not aware that the late John Gould ever published

anything on entomological subjects; his name does not occur in

Hagen’s ‘ Bibliotheca Entomologica,’ but his sustained interest

in this Society is shown by his continuance as a member for

nearly forty-eight years, without having compounded. Such

members are clearly far more profitable to the Society than those

who compound soon after joining our ranks. Perhaps the

example which our Treasurer would best like to see generally

followed would be that of the late Dr. Garnier, Dean of Win-

chester, who, after paying an annual subscription to the Linnean

Society for more than sixty years, eventually compounded when

between eighty and ninety years of age.

The Report of the Council alludes also to the gap in the

ranks of our Honorary Members caused by the death of AcHILLE

Gurnér, of Chateaudun. His decease was mentioned in the

report of our Council a year ago; but as his loss was then too

recent for any details to be given, it appears to me that some

ae ie

notice of so distinguished an entomologist may fitly find a

place here.

I had repeatedly noticed myself, when visiting France and

conversing with entomologists there, that Monsieur Guenée did

not seem to occupy so conspicuous a place in the minds of

French entomologists as he did in the entomological circles in

this country. I find that in the biographical notice of Guenée

given by Mons. Paul Mabille in the ‘ Annales de la Société Ento-

mologique de France,’ 1881 (p. 8), precisely the same sentiment

is expressed :—‘‘ La réputation que Guenée s’était acquise était

peut étre plus grande al’étranger que dans sa patrie; il est certain

que ses travaux sont plus suivis en Angleterre qu’en France. En

Allemagne, Guenée était regardé comme le premier gee ento-

mologistes francais.”’

I am not quite prepared to endorse this last sentence ; indeed

I could certainly mention one distinguished German _ ento-

mologist, who never seems to have had any very exalted opinion

of Achille Guenée; but it may be of interest to enquire how it

happened that Guenée was so much thought of in England.

To understand this we must glance at the state of Lepi-

dopterology in this country some forty years ago, when a well-

filled library of a British lepidopterist contained only Curtis’s

‘Guide,’ and his ‘ British Entomology’; Stephens’ ‘ Systematic

Catalogue,’ and his ‘Illustrations of British Insects’; Wood’s

‘Index Entomologicus,’ and Westwood and Humphrey’s ‘ British

Butterflies and British Moths’; Haworth’s ‘ Lepidoptera Britan-

nica,’ in its complete form, was rarely to be met with. John

Curtis himself and James Francis Stephens had far more exten-

sive libraries, of course, and the latter threw his library open to

all entomologists every Wednesday evening; but any regular

correspondence and interchange of thought with Continental

entomologists was never for a moment thought of, and the

subject was looked at too exclusively from an insular point of

view.

In 1842 the late Henry Doubleday brought the name of

Guenée prominently before English collectors by publishing, in

the pages of the ‘Entomologist’ (i. 877—880), ‘A list of the

British Noctuez, extracted from the arrangement of the European |

species in the ‘ Annales de la Société Entomologique de France,’

by M. Guenée.” This arrangement by Guenée had appeared

(| Te)

at intervals during the preceding five years, and any one who

glances through the list in the ‘Entomologist,’ and recollects our

previous arrangement, will recognise at once the much more

natural sequence of many of the species. Many of my younger

hearers have naturally no recollection of the arrangement gene-

rally adopted in our collections forty years ago, and even older

entomologists may find a difficulty in again realising the “ stand-

point” from which we have so long since departed.

The few observations by Henry Doubleday which followed

this list, suggesting that in some cases simple varieties had been

wrongly elevated to the rank of species, implied also that there

was much yet to be fully worked out as to the claims of many of

our named specimens to rank as species.

In the following year Henry Doubleday visited Paris, and a

** Note on the Names of British Moths,” in the first volume of the

‘ Zoologist,’ p. 832, shows at once how much need there was for

intercommunication with Continental entomologists, if there was

any wish on our part to come to some agreement with them as

to the proper nomenclature of species. From that date a regular

correspondence between Henry Doubleday and Achille Guenée

was kept up for many years, and most of our older lepidopterists

can remember how in those days specimens of any novelties were

submitted in the first instance to Henry Doubleday, who, if

unable to decide upon them at once, in due course transmitted

them to Chateaudun to obtain the opinion of the more learned

Achille Guenée himself. In this way there arose amongst us a

general expectation of ‘‘ What does Guenée say ?”? when each

successive addition to the British Fauna was submitted to him.

It must be borne in mind that in those days the very com-

monest species occurring in France or Germany, which had not

already been detected in this country, were as utterly unknown

to the mass of British lepidopterists as if they were inhabitants

of another planet. In Paris the collections consisted not only of

French species, but of those occurring in other parts of Europe,

and hence a French lepidopterist soon obtained a far more

general knowledge of his subject than the exclusively British

collector, with his more limited horizon, could hope to attain.

In this way it happened that insects which would have puzzled

a whole conclave of British lepidopterists were perfectly familiar

to Achille Guenée; they had perhaps been old friends of his

( litt)

from his boyhood, and thus the naming of them caused him

neither trouble nor difficulty.

Guenée’s great work on the ‘‘ Noctuélites” of the whole

world, in three volumes, 8vo, appeared in 1852, forming part of

the ‘‘ Suites a Buffon”’ series, and being a portion of the ‘‘ Species

general des Lépidoptéres, par MM. Boisduval & Guenée.”” This

work is so well known to most entomologists that it is unnecessary

to enlarge upon it here. Two years later there appeared another

volume of the same series from the pen of A. Guenée, treating of

the ‘‘ Deltoides et Pyralites,” the Geometrina being reserved for

a later period.

It was this delay in the appearance of his volume on the

‘“Phalénites’ which first led to my being thrown into a somewhat

intimate relationship with Achille Guenée, which happened in

this way :—The last number of the first volume of ‘A Manual of

British Butterflies and Moths’ appeared April Ist, 1857: in this

volume the Noctue@ were concluded, and the Geometre were to

commence with the next volume. Throughout the Noctue I had

followed the arrangement of Guenée, and I wished to have his

arrangement of the Geometre, that I might follow it also; and it

therefore became necessary to defer for a time the commencement

of vol. ii. of the ‘ Manual,’ in order to allow of the appearance of

Guenée’s volumes on the ‘“ Phalénites.’

In 1856, on the occasion of my second visit to Paris, I had

_ contemplated going to Chateaudun to see Monsieur Guenée, but

on writing to him found that he was then at Chartres, where he

generally spent the winter months; now Chartres being on the

railway was far more accessible, and I had no difficulty in

spending several hours with him at Chartres, and returning to

Paris the same evening: consequently when, in April, 1857, at

the commencement of the interregnum between the two volumes

of the ‘Manual,’ I found myself again in Paris, I proposed to

Guenée to revisit Chartres, as I was extremely desirous of

learning, if I could, somewhat of his proposed arrangement of

the Geometre. .

At that very moment Achille Guenée and his family were on

the point of starting for their summer residence at Chateaudun,

but the hospitable entomologist had no notion of losing my visit

on that account, though from Chartres to Chateaudun there was

then no communication by railway; a diligence met certain trains,

("ia }

and he urged me to A. oft to Chateaudun, where he would

meet me and conduct me to his country residence. The pro-

longation of the journey—six hours instead of two—appeared

trivial in his eyes. ‘‘ What matters an additional thirty or forty

miles when you are once on the road?” was his question, but

when the additional distance to be travelled is in a diligence and

not by railway, we are apt in these days to look upon it as a

more serious matter.

He pressed me to come and stop a few days with him, and

thus it happened that in April, 1857, I remained, from Monday,

April 20th, to Wednesday, April 22nd, his guest at his residence,

‘Les Chatelliers,” near Chateaudun.

The house was situated in a little wood, and from the front

of the house a series of perfectly straight alleys, which had been

cut amongst the trees, branched off in a dozen different directions.

A small open space immediately before the house was gay with

Genista sagittalis and other plants strange to my eyes.

We found much to talk over, and there were many points on

which he was anxious to compare notes. He was never tired of

asking me about his correspondent Henry Doubleday, who had

proved so valuable a friend to him, having repeatedly exerted

himself to procure for him many species that he had particularly

desired to see. Wetook a turn in the wood near the house, and

he showed me how, by picking up a mass of dead leaves, placing

them in an inverted umbrella and turning them over, it was

comparatively easy to find the larva of Pachetra lewcophea and

other species, which were usually rare unless sought for in

that way. There is no doubt that entomologists of different

countries might learn a great deal from each other, even in the

simple matter of practical collecting, by mixing more together

than they do.

Of Guenée’s readiness to assist me, in every possible way, I

had abundant proof, and I can repeat the words of Monsieur

Paul Mabille, ‘‘ Guenée était d'une complaisance sans bornes; il

ne ménageait point sa peine . . . .” But, notwithstanding

my visit to Chateaudun, | found I was unable to accomplish the

special object I had so much at heart—the earlier appearance of

the first number of the second volume of the ‘Manual’; and

there was an interval of precisely twelve months between the

close of vol. i. and the commencement of vol. ii. The pilgrimage,

Cs)

however, to Chateaudun remained a pleasing event in my life, and

from that time till his death I continued to be a frequent corre-

spondent of Achille Guenée. He calledon mein Paris in March,

1872, but as that was the last time I was in France I never saw

him again.

It is much to be regretted that Guenée never visited England ;

his relations with Henry Doubleday were at one time so extremely

intimate that I can conceive no greater enjoyment than for the

two entomologists to have met at Epping. At the time of Henry

Doubleday’s serious illness in 1871, Guenée wrote to me, very

anxiously inquiring as to his state of health, and assuring me

that the Epping entomologist still remained “ placé au premier

rang dans mon estime et dans mon affection.”

Perhaps when the Channel Tunnel is completed foreigners

will be more ready to visit us. The Continent being so much

larger than our island, it seems to the Continental entomologists

only natural that we should cross the Channel to visit them, but

it scarcely ever occurs to them to come to our shores, and thus

they debar themselves from much conversational interchange of

thought, by which our Science would assuredly be benefited.

Thirty-five years ago there was penned by the late James

Francis Stephens, then in his fifty-fifth year, a note on a “ Plan

for an Entomological Journal.” This appeared in the ‘ Zoologist’

of October, 1847, and to many other entomologists besides myself

this simple note has formed an era in our lives.

The origin of Mr. Stephens’ note was this—he had just found

in his collection two species of Coleoptera, which had been over-

looked, and which were new to the British list. The specimens

had been in his collection for many years, and he had no means

of ascertaining where or when they had been captured. One, at

any rate, he believed had been in his possession for upwards of

thirty-one years! Who has not had similar experience ?—that

of finding that he had mixed together two allied species, and °

afterwards, when their distinctness has been pointed out, of

being perplexed to say when or where each had been taken ?

‘“Most of the journals hitherto proposed” (wrote Mr.

Stephens) ‘‘ presuppose the journalist to possess a slight know-

ledge of Entomology; but the plan I suggest is unencumbered

with any such supposition, and has the additional advantage of

(coat?)

enabling the possessor Mantly to refer to the capture, &c., of

every individual example in his collection at any future period,

notwithstanding the same may have been removed upon re-

arranging ‘many a time and oft’; and a small book of a few

leaves will serve for many years. Not so a journal of names;

such a one I commenced in 1810, and have carried it on to the

present time, 1847 !—very irregularly in parts, it must be con-

fessed, owing to the enormous quantity of entries, sometimes

more than 8000 in a month !—till the number recorded has

extended to between 30,000 and 40,000; a sad expenditure of

labour, and from its extent comparatively useless.”

Here let us pause to moralise: an entomologist in his fifty-

fifth year admits that for thirty-seven years he has been sailing

on a wrong tack, and that both time and labour have been

wasted.

And yet the time was not wasted, if such a reflection led to

the dawn of better things ; the writer was here manifestly making

those ‘‘ footprints on the sands of time ” from which ‘‘ another—

shall take heart again.”’

Mr. Stephens then proceeds to unfold his proposed plan, that

each insect should bear a number, from which, by reference to a

journal, its date and locality, with precise habitat, could be at

any time identified.

The details sketched out by Mr. Stephens have not recom-

mended themselves for general adoption, mainly because his

suggestion was that if twenty different insects were captured at

the same time and place, under similar circumstances, they

should all bear the same number; but his recommendation that

each insect should bear a nwmber has, | am happy to say, been

very largely followed.

Prior to the appearance of Mr. Stephens’ note I had followed

the plan previously adopted by that entomologist. I had kept a

‘journal of names ”’; this began in 1838, and from my defective

knowledge at one time, this journal would only mislead any one

into whose hands it might fall, as the names therein entered

were very often not at all those of the captures I had actually

made.

With the Ist January, 1848, I turned over a new leaf, and

from that date all my captures have borne a number, and can be

referred to instanter. Those for 1848 simply bear the numbers

( var ))

with the letter S prefixed; but the following year I began with

adding the year, and the first capture of 1849 is labelled S1 and

so on to the present time. 49

Over and over again have I recognised the extreme value of

these labels; many a time has it happened that on a closely

allied new species being added to our lists, I have been able to

find that I had specimens of it, having previously overlooked its

distinctness, and then, by the numbers which these specimens

bore, I could trace at once when and where they had been

captured.

Unfortunately I did not carry out one portion of Mr. Stephens’

plan,—that of numbering any specimens I received from any of

my numerous correspondents,—and the consequence is that hun-

dreds of specimens have been added to my collection since 1848

which bear no numbers, and at this distance of time, with the

defective memory incidental to advancing years, I find myself

frequently quite in the dark as to where the specimens can have

come from.

Having pointed out the vast stride that was effected in the

inherent value of our captures by the simple plan of numbering

each specimen, and having the precise origin of each number

recorded in a journal, I would now ask whether some further step

could not be taken to increase the utility of our specimens? The

acquisition of each specimen, though doubtless it has afforded us

much pleasure, has consumed time and entailed labour; should

we not, therefore, seek to elicit the greatest possible amount of

utility from each specimen ?

The system of labelling with a number, and making an entry

in a journal, is of use during the lifetime of an entomologist ; but

even were we to live to the age of Methusaleh, the system would

be rendered useless by our decease, as in all probability the

insects would go in one direction, and the journal in another;

therefore, the question will arise whether some more complete

form of label might not be devised, which would supply in itself

the pith of the information obtainable by a reference to the

journal.

I find that it is really practicable, by writing very neatly, to

get the locality, date, and other information written within the

compass of a label less than half an inch square; and if this be

then attached to a specimen, it speaks to all future time as to

( lv )

its ‘‘ birth, parentage, and education,” though journals may be

burnt and collections dispersed.

I can readily understand that the objection may be started

that if this written label be placed under the insect with the ~

writing downwards, it is necessary to take up every individual

specimen in order to read the contents of the labels, and that if

the label be placed under the insect with the writing upwards,

the information will be even more effectually hidden from sight.

Perhaps some day the progress of civilisation will enable us

to get over this difficulty, by the general adoption of long pins

for the insects in our collections. Specimens on long pins are

far safer from the attacks of mites and other pests, and ample

space is also given for the display of instructive labels, giving all

needful information about the individual specimens.

But even pending the adoption of the long pins, which to the

truly conservative entomological mind must appear a far more

revolutionary proposal than the extension of household suffrage

to the counties, I think it is possible to get over the difficulty of

making the labels readily visible, by mounting the insects on

artichoke pith.

The pith of the Jerusalem artichoke is admirably adapted for

this purpose; our German friends, who first started the notion

of mounting their Micro-Lepidoptera on pith, began by using the

pith of the elder, but that, even if white at first, is apt to be dis-

coloured by age, whilst the pith of the Jerusalem artichoke

retains its beautiful whiteness.

The annual stems of the artichoke are otherwise useless, and

are cut down and thrown away, or burnt at the approach of

winter, but to the entomologist they have a special value, from

containing such a bounteous supply of this useful pith. When I

first wanted to use this pith, I thought that I should find that

some one had had the idea of preparing such a product for sale,

but I found on inquiry that the habit of each entomologist was

to prepare his own pith, and after a certain amount of bungling,

I contrived to get into the way of doing so for myself. ‘The best

instruction I got was from Herr Hartmann, of Munich, who

assured me that the main thing was to have a very sharp pen-

knife, with which to cut the pith.

Now just conceive the difference in the amount of information

afforded by two drawers of insects, in one of which each specimen

C log) )

is competent to instruct the stranger, who is looking at it, when

and where it was taken, or if reared from the larva when it

emerged, and what had been its food-plant, whereas in the other

drawer all such information is latent in the head of the happy

possessor of the collection.

Unless our own education has been so neglected that we set

no value on information when we have it, the difference between

the sight of the drawer of labelled insects and the drawer of

unlabelled ones should be as startling as that between light and

darkness.

To the young entomologist, who has plenty of spare time in

the winter months, and who has kept a journal of his summer

captures, each of which bears a number, I can recommend as

most profitable occupation that of attaching labels with date,

locality, &c., to each specimen. And when this system has been

regularly pursued for a few years, he will gradually find that his

old unlabelled specimens lose their value in his eyes; nay, I

should not wonder if eventually an unlabelled specimen should be

looked upon as of as little value as any unset or ill-set specimens,

and without the slightest remorse consigned to the flames.

Not that I am recommending that any one who has no

labelled specimens, and no means of attaching labels, for want of

having had his captures numbered, should at once burn his

whole collection ; for, though that may be its fate ultimately, it

is best to proceed cautiously, and a wholesale conflagration

might cause the loss of some specimens which, owing to the

very uncertain and irregular appearance of some insects, it

would be many years before he would have the opportunity of

being able to replace.

It is only quite of late years that the value of labelled speci-

mens has impressed itself so much upon me, perhaps being aided

by the slips in my memory, but now I feel it is an actual

wrongful act to place an insect in my cabinet without a label ;

and I can easily conceive that some of my correspondents have

mentally thought me (whatever they may have said) “‘ an awful

bore,” when, instead of simply thanking them for a box of

specimens they have been so kind as to send me, I have written

to ask them ‘‘ when and where” they were taken.

I do not know that I can use any stronger arguments in

favour of a systematic labelling of specimens; the process

(rte)

consumes time, entails trouble, and also, which is perhaps the

most serious matter, requires additional space in a collection ; but

is the additional cabinet-room required too great a tax, having

regard to the great increase which necessarily takes place in the

utility of the collection? I apprehend that no one who seriously

tries the plan Iam propounding would afterwards feel disposed

to abandon it, under the impression that the “ bother ” was more

than its worth.

One point to which I attach great importance myself is the

cumulative evidence that would in this way be obtainable on the

habits and food-plants of species. The capture of single speci-

mens sometimes only seems to perplex us, for a species may be

suspected to feed on some particular plant, and we do not happen

to meet with it just where, by this theory, we ought to expect to

find it, and if we never have the good fortune to take this par-

ticular rarity again, no progress seems to have been made.

But now, suppose that we were to be looking through twenty

different collections, each of which only contained a solitary

specimen of this rarity, in some instances taken ‘‘on palings”’

or ‘‘ trunks of trees,” or ‘‘ flying along hedges,” or “‘ attracted by

light,” yet should it so happen that, among the twenty labels

which we studied in our researches, eight out of the twenty

single specimens had been taken on some particular plant, the

cumulative evidence thus obtained would be far stronger than if

one person had happened to take six specimens from that special

plant.

It may well be that other benefits would accrue from the

continued and persistent habit of labelling, which we do not at

present value, for it will frequently happen that the steady pur-

suit of any system will after a time develop results which no one

had in the first instance anticipated.

When James Francis Stephens penned that short note in

1847, he perhaps scarcely anticipated it would have been so

productive of good results, as I believe it to have been; and pro-

bably it never occurred to him that thirty years after his decease

it would serve as the text for a Presidential Address at the

Entomological Society.

INDEX.

Nore.—Where the name only of an Insect or Genus is mentioned,

the description will be found on the page referred to.

The Arabic Figures refer to the pages of the ‘Transactions’; the Roman

Numerals to the pages of the ‘Proceedings.’

PAGE PAGE

GENERAL SUBJECTS .... Ixi | HyMENOPTERA...... Salers Ixvil

ARACHNIDA ...... preleveleke Det) Laeger OP ee RAW ers ale eisai Ixxi

COEROBTERA coe oo. eens bei |S Viverorop ae vecee ce steer ee Ixxxi

CRUSTACEA cce0 se ac be 08 Ixiv | NEUROPTERA ...... Reet Ixxxi

ID TPP BRAS tava e arte cies Ixiv | ORTHOPTERA.cocscsece+-. [XXXII

(ERE NTR DE RA yc,c\s,<ieioiel cig eis Ixvi

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Annual Meeting, xlv.

Asymmetrical neuration in Papilio, xxviii.

Buchecker’s work on insects referred to, iv.

Caprification, alluded to, xxxiv.

Cases of larvee from Aden, probably lepidopterous, xxxv.

Ceylonese insect, immature state described and figured, 601.

Colonial Office, communications from, viii, xii, xxvi, xxix.

Colorado beetle, living specimens in Britain, iv.

Descriptions of insects, irregular mode of publishing, iii.

Destructive Insects Act, conviction under, iv.

Dimorphism in Cynipide, Adler's memoir referred to, iv.

in Morpho, xxi

Dyscritina longisetosa, an immature Ceylonese insect, 601.

Elm-leaves from Islay, blotched, xiii, xiv.

Equisetum, insects feeding on, xxii, xxxv.

Fungoid parasites of insects, i.

Galls on Artemisia, xxii; on Galium, xxii; on sallow, xxii; on V'halictrum,

xxii; on whitethorn, xxii.

Guatemala, exhibition of insects from, i.

Halcyon sancta feeding on Cicadide, xxviii.

Honeycomb constructed in open air, xxx1.

Tsaria attacking Noctua in Wales, ii.

Kawall, J. H. C., announcement of death, vi.

@ ixii )

Koch, Gabriel, announcement of death, iii.

Mice attacked by larvie of Gistride, xxiii.

Microscopic lenses adapted to entomological purposes, xxxi.

mounting, method of, xxxi, 576.

Parthenogenesis in Coleoptera, xxvii.

Pastor roseus, a locust destroyer, xxix.

Pickles infested with Drosophila cellaris larvie, xxi.

President’s address, 1.

Report on larva destructive to locust eggs in the Troad and in Cyprus,

Xiv, XXXviii.

on supposed occurrence of Phylloxera in Victoria, x1.

Stridulating powers of Cicadida, i, xxxil.

Spheria attacking S. American larva, i.

Treasurer’s accounts, xlix.

ARACHNIDA.

Argas persicus, alluded to, x.--reflexus, enquiry whether bite venomous, x.

Spider, supposed death of child in Australia from bite of, iii.

COLEOPTERA.

Acallestes, 100. A. talpa, 100.

Anomala curtisit, 487.

Antichira aterrima, 538.—concoloripes, from Bolivia, 536.—cribrata, 539.

—desmarestii, 540.—dichroa, substitution of name, 539.—fulgida,

542.—gagatina, 539.—generosa, 541.—leta, 536.—levicollis, 537.—

modesta, 535.—olivieri, new name for splendida, 537.—pantochloris,

alluded to, 537.— pilosula, 544.— polita, 540.— puberula, 544.—

sobrina, 535.—splendida, alluded to, 5387.—substriata, 541.—sulei-

pennis, 543.—tetradactyla, 538,—trijida, 540,—variabilis, 540.

alluded to.

Arniticus, 96. A. brevicollis, 97.—gibbosus, 97.—gladiator, 96.

Asphera inclusa, 57.—oblecta, 56.

Attagenus pellio, Scleroderma probably parasitic on, 109.

Bactrius, 95. B. lophotoides, 95.

Blepharida guttulata, 52.—nigripennis, 54.—ornata, 53.—xanthospilota, 54.

Brachycerus ?, larva destructive to lily bulbs, xxxviii.

Brachypeplus afinis, 509.— bidens, 510.— blackburni, 516.— discedens,

alluded to, 512.—guttatus, 513.—induratus, 508.—metallescens, 511.

—obsoletus, 515.—proteinoides, correction concerning, 508.—pune-

ticeps, ‘male of discedens, 512.—sordidus, 514.—striatus, 515.—

varius, 512.—vestitus, 511.

Buprestis gigantea, 291, 292.—goliath, 291, 294.

Byzes, 94. B. sciureus, D4.

Cacoscelis latus, 427.

Callisina indica, 503.—mouhoti, omitted in Harold’s Cat., 503, 506.

Cetonia splendida, alluded to, 537.

Chalcophana binotata, 501.—eximia, 500.—jacobyi, 501.— mexicana, 49!).—

opulenta, 499.

( bo J

Chalcoplasia antipodium, a Dematochroma, 502.

Chlorota e@rea, 551.—associata, 553.—bidentata, 552.— euchloroides,

alluded to, 547.—lineatum, a Thyridiwm, 550.—psittacina, 547,—

rotundata, 545, alluded to.—vitrina, 551.

Cherius, 98. C. squalidus, 98.

Cholus, distinguished from Hilipus, 75.

Chrysolampra smaragdula, alluded to, 502.

Clytarlus fragilis, 534.—pennatus, 532.

Colaspis kanalensis, a Dematochroma, 502.—smaragdula, a Chrysolampra,

502.

Colasposoma abdominale, 503,—aureovittatum, 504, omitted in Harold’s

Cat.—inconstans, new name for, 503.—instabile, alluded to, 503.—

lefevrei, new name, 504.—pulcherrimum, omitted in Harold’s

Cat., 504.

Coleoptera from South Africa exhibited, xx.

Corynodes dohrnit, 506,—fraternus, 506,—gratiosus, 506, alluded to.—

limbatus, 505.—mouhoti, omitted in Harold’s Cat., 506.—pretiosus,

506,—tuberculatus, 506, alluded to.

Crepidodera madagassa, 58.

Dematochroma antipodium, 502,—brunnea, 502,—cordiformis, 502,—

kanalensis, 502, alluded to.—picea, female described, 502.

Dormorhytis ornatipinna, omitted in Harold’s Cat., 506.

Doryphora, in Britain, iv.

Dynastes, fungoid parasite of larva of, ii.

Echthistatus binodosus, 431.

Euchroma gigantea, 291.—goliath, 291.—remarks on species of, 289.

Euryope nigrita, 505.—pulchella, 504.

Eutheca malayana, 55.

Eutrachelus sumatrensis, 489.

Gastrophysa raphani, bred from parthenogenetic ovum, xxvii.

Harpalus cupreus, in Isle of Wight, xxxviii—discoideus, at Gravesend,

XXVil. ;

Hilipus acutissimus, alluded to, 91.—aspredo, 79.—aulicus, 66.—austerus,

78.—caliginosus, 81.—catenatus, 85.—circulatus, 75.—collectus, 68.

—commodus, 66.—contumax, 76.—cratosomoides, 77.—cynicus, 89.

—decorus, 72.—depictus, 84.—diversus, 78.—empiricus, 71.—ex-

pletus, 88.—exustus, 87.—fossilis, new genus for, 101.—galeotes, 85,

—grammicus, 80.—hipporhinoides, 75.—hopei, new genus for, 101.

—indutus, 88.—insidiosus, 72.—intensus, 79.—jocosus, from Brazil

and Chontales, 81.—medullosus, 64.—miliaris, 91.—mirus, 65.—

molestus, 88.— monitor, 86.— mysticus, 67.—nudipennis, 69.—

obesulus, 81.—occultus, 90.—paradoxus, 92.—pecilus, 68.— poly-

coccus, alluded to, 81.—posticus, 69.—prionurus, 90.—remarks on

genus, 61.—respiciens, 70.—scabrosus, 83.—scrobiculatus, female of

P. carinatus, 62.—severus, 77.—signatipennis, type of new genus,

101.—spectator, 73.—squamosus, alluded to, 62.—stellio, 87.—

suspensus, 74.—tetanicus, 74.—vappa, 82.—vestitus, 70.

Holcobius, 520, 522.—H. glabricollis, 520.—granulatus, 520.—major, 521,

@ ixiv )

Hylobius, alluded to, 62.

Trenarchus, 101.

Macraspis dichroa, 539,—tristis, 538, alluded to.

Macronota anceps, 488.

Macrotoma eneipennis, 428.

Megacelus, alluded to, 450.

Metaxyonycha amasia, 492.—batesi, 495.—distincta, 497.—gigas, 491,—

octosignata, 496.—pretiosa, 494.—pulchella, 493.—retifera, 498.—

salvini, 493.—tarsata, 497.

Mirosternus, 522, 526. M. bicolor, 525.—carinatus, 524.—debilis, 525.—

glabripennis, 524.—muticus, 523.—obscurus, 523.—punctatus, 522.

Molorchus minor, at Headley Lane and Wandsworth, x.

Monochamus grandis, 431.

Notiophilus biguttatus, variety exhibited, xxvii.

Notozona clarkii, 56.

Oides antennalis, 52.—costata, 51.

Oxypleurus nodieri, parasite of, xxxiil, xl.

Passalus, fungoid parasite of larva of, i.

Pissodes, alluded to, 62. P. squamosus, an Hilipus, 62.

Plectogaster, 429. P. pectinicornis, 430.—thoracica, 430.

Plethes, 99. P. albolineatus, 99.—verrucosus, 100.

Plinthus carinatus, female alluded to, 62.

Podagrica madagassa, 58.

Proterhinus, alluded to, 527. P. angularis, 5380.—dispar, 528.—gracilis,

529.—hystrix, 527.—punctipennis, 5380.—validus, 531.

Spilota? curtisti, 487.

Strangalia quadrifasciata, captured at West Wickham, iv.

Syphorbus, 92. S. turgidus, 93.

Tartarisus, 101.

Telephorus, doubtful species from West Wickham, xxxyiii.

Thasycles, synonym of Dematochroma, 502.

Thyridium, alluded to, 545. T. cyanipes, 548.—lineatum, alluded to, 550.

—punctatissimum, 549.—punctatum, 546.—punctiventre, 550.—

scutellatum, 547.—sodale, 546.—sommeri, 54d.

Weevil larve destructive to lily bulbs, xxxviii.

Xyletobius, 517, 519. X. marmoratus, 517.—nigrinus, 518.—oculatus, 519,

CRUSTACEA.

Armadillium vulgare, varieties exhibited and described, xxxi.

Haplophthalmus elegans, exhibited from Croydon, v; new to Britain.

Porcellio scaber, distribution of, xxxii; from Iceland, xxxii; variety

described, xxxil.

DIPTERA.

Aporosa, synonym of Geranomyia, 375.

Asthenia, 377. A. fasciata, 378.

Bittacomorpha, 382. B. clavipes, alluded to, 383.

Bombyliide from South Europe, exhibited, xiy.

( “xv )

Callostoma fascipennis, alluded to, xix; exhibited, xiv; larva feeding on

locust eggs, xiv, xxv; not destructive to crops, xxix; reports on

Xlv, XXXviii.

Caloptera nepalensis, 379.

Cecidomyia destructor, 605,—foliorum, galls on Artemisia, xxli.—salicis,

galls alluded to, xxii.—thalictri, galls on Thalictrum, xxii.—tritici,

injurious habits alluded to, 605,

Cerozodia, 379. C. interrupta, 380.

Chlorops herpini, 622.—lineata, 622.

Cloniophora, alluded to, 372.

Culex alternans, 384.

Dapanoptera, 365. D. plenipennis, 366.

Diplosis, sp., larvee in Galiwm galls, xxii.

Drosophila cellaris, bred from pickles, xxi.—fenestrarwm, bred from

Egyptian sycamore figs, xxxiil.

Elephantomyia, alluded to, 375.

Eriocera, alluded to, 368. LE. lunata, 367.

Geranomyia, alluded to, 374.

Gynoplistia, 369. G. annulata, 371.—bella, 370.—cyanea, 370.—puncti-

pennis, 371.—vilis, 369.—wakefieldti, 372.

Hemicteina, synonym of Ozodicera, 380.

Leptocera nigra, 619.

Libnotes thwaitesiana, alluded to, 383.

Limnobia plenipennis, alluded to and new genus for, 366.—satsuma,

alluded to, 383.

Limnobiorhynchus, 373. L. brasiliensis, 374.—canadensis, 375.

Limnophila metallica, alluded to, 370.

Megistocera, alluded to, 379. M. dimidiata, 378; better in Macro-

thorax, 379.

Melophagus, larva of compared with larva of Nycteribia, 360.

Mongoma, 364. WM. fragillima, 364.

Musca avene, 613.—calamitosa, 609.—hordei, 610.—nivalis, 611.—pumi-

lionis, 611,613; alluded to, 616.—tripunctata, 611.—truncata, 611.

—saltatriz, 608.—secalis, 609.—velox, 610.

Nycteribia, on the larva of, 359.

stromyia? larva in field mouse alluded to, xxiii.

Estrus larva in common mouse exhibited, xxii.

Oscinis atricilla, 616.—avene, destructive to oats, 614.—cereris, 626.—

flavipes, 618.—frit, 606.—frontella, bred from wild figs of Dar-

danelles, xxxiii—granarius, 625; alluded to, xxxiv.—nigra, 618.—

pusilla, 616, 625; bred from barley stems, xxxvii.—teniopus, 608,.—

vastator, 624; destructive to fallow wheat, xxxvl.

Ozodicera, 880. O. gracilis, 380.— longipedalis, 381.— pectinata, alluded

to, 380.

Paratropesa, alluded to, 365.

Pedicia gracilis, alluded to, 381.

_Phora minor, parasitic on N. salicis, xxxvii.—rujipes, parasitic on N. ribesii

and N, salicis, xxxvii.—species parasitic on hernet, xxxvil.

r xvi

Platyura miersii, alluded to, 384.

Ptilogyna, 381. P. ramicornis, 382.

Sarcophaga lineata, a locust parasite in Troad, xxiii; larva alluded to,

XXxiv.

Scenopinus fenestralis, bred from Aconitum roots, xxxvil.

Semnotes ducalis, 383,—imperatoria, 383, alluded to.

Sigmatomera amazonica, 366.

Tachina larve alluded to, xxiv.

Tephritis hordei, 618.—pallisa, 619.

Tipula brobdignagia, alluded to, 383.—cerealis, injurious to barley, 605.

—mikado, alluded to, 383.

Toxorhina, alluded to, 375.

HEMIPTERA.

Aépophilus Bonnairii, from Cornwall, xxx; new to Britain.

Aleurodes carpini, at Bexley Wood, ix.

Artiazontes, 105. A. alatus, 105.

Carineta oberthiiri, 647.

Catacanthus viridicatus, 215.

Cephaloplatys fasciatus, 212.

Cicada kuruduadua, 645.—opercularis, a loud stridulator, xxxii.

Cicadide, descriptive nomenclature of explained, 627; eaten by King-

hunter, xxviii; probable mimetic resemblance, 643.—sound pro-

ducing powers of, ii, xxxii; time of stridulation, xxxiil,

Coccidea, filamentous growth produced by, from New Britain, i.

Coceus floccosus, remarks on, 447.

Cosmopsaltria abdulla, 639.—durga, 687.—mongolica, 638.—oopaga, 640.—

operculissima, 641; exhibited, xxxii.—sita, 636.

Dalpada capitata, 104.—subflava, 103.

Delocephalus, 105. D. miniatus, 106.

Dundubia imperatoria, loud drumming of, 1ii.—nagarasingna, 635.—radha,

634.—tripurasura, 635.

Edessa nigromarginata, 392.—tauriformis, 391.

Euagona juno, 394.

Flatoides dealbatus, 107.

Harmostes incisuratus, 395.

Hemiptera from South Africa exhibited, xx.

Lasiosomus enervis, at Weybridge, vi,

Leptopsaltria pryeri, 633.

Menida consignata, 215.—personata, 217.—plebeia, 216. FP ROEAIR, 217.

Niarius illuminatus, 211.

Odopea jamaicensis, 629.

Orthezia cataphracta, 299; living females from Pitlochry exhibited, ix ;

winged male, 302.—jloccosa, 447.—normani, 300; exhibited, ix;

identical with O. floccosa, 447; remarks on, ix.—urtice, 297;

females, larvee and living specimens exhibited, ix.

Paryphes splendidus, 395.

Petalops inermibus, 392.

( axa )

Phylloxera vastatriz, in Victoria, viii; report thereon, Xi.

Platypleura erea, 632.—gigas, 107; exhibited, ii—inquinata, 631.

Pecilopsaltria leopardina, 630.

Pomponia bindusara, 642.—kama, 643.—madhava, 644.

Psaltoda aurora, 644.

Reduvius bicoloripes, 106.

Sephina pantomima, 393.

Siphonophora granaria, parasites of, xx.

Stenozygum australis, 214.—persignatum, variety from Queensland, 213.

Stollia trimaculata, 213.

Tibicen aurengzebe, 646.

Tympanoterpes gigas, a loud stridulator with small opercula, xxxii.

Zammara columbia, 628.

HYMENOPTERA.

ASthecerus longulus, 150,—nitidus, 149, new to Britain.

Agrothereutes batavus, new to Britain, 154.

Agrypon geniculatum, 157,—septentrionale, 157, new to Britain.

Allotria, species parasitic on wheat Aphis, xx.

Alysia, species parasitic on Chlorops, 621.

Amblyopone cephalotes, from New Zealand, 41.

Amblyteles flavocinctus, structural description, 144.

Apenesia, more fully characterized, 130. .A.amazonica, alluded to, 131.—

chontalica, 131.—modesta, 131.—parasitica, 182.

Aphenogaster antarctica, from New Zealand, 42.

Aphidius, species parasitic on wheat Aphis, xx.

Aptesis vestigialis, new to Britain, 155.

Blastophaga grossorum, alluded to, xxxiv, xlii.

Brachixiphus deceptus, from New Zealand, 49.—jlavipes, a Derecyrta, 50.

Catoglyptus pulchricornis, new to Britain, 162.”

Cecidonomus gallicola, 154,—rufus, 154,—westoni, 154, alluded to.

Cephalonomia, 125. C.cursor, 129.—formiciformis, 126,—fuscicornis, 128,

—fulvicornis, 129, alluded to.—peregrina, 127.

Chalcis, species bred from Sarcophaga pupa, xxv. C. femorata, Xxi1V,—

minuta, xxiv,—podagrica, xxiv, alluded to.—polynesialis, 561.

Chelonus carinatus, 559.

Chestus gayi, alluded to, 389.

Choringus asper, new to Britain, 165.—flavipes, 165.

Copidosoma truncatellum, bred from Z. esculi larva, XXi.

Crabro clavipes, bred from C. Kollart galls, x.—polynesialis, 062.

Cryptus amenus, new to Britain, 153.—antennatus, 153.—elegans, alluded

to, 153.—palustris, new to Britain, 154.—penetrator, trom New

Zealand, 45.

Cynips carice,—ficus,— psenes,— sycomori, remarks and discussions

thereon, xxxiii, xli, xlii.

Dasycolletes hirtipes, 37,—metallicus, 37,—purpureus, 37,—vestitus, 37,

from New Zealand.

Derecyrta bicolor, male of B. grandis, 50.—deceptus, a Brachiziphus, 49.

or Ixvili_ )

Diapria coccophaga, from New Zealand, 49.

Dichthadia glaberrima, alluded to, 113.

Dicelotus cameroni, 146.

Doleride, larve destructive to grass crops, xiv; economy almost un-

known, Xxii.

Dolerus gesneri, new to Britain, 574.—intermedius, 575.—megapterus, 574,.—

palustris, larva feeding in Equisetum stems, xxii.—tinctipennis, 574.

Dufourea vulgaris, at Woking, xxxiii; in Hampshire, xxxiil.

Dyscolesthes, 387. D. canus, 388.

Emphytus cingulatus, 565,—togatus, 564, synonymy of.

Encyrtide, bred from Z. esculi larva, xxi.

Eumesius egregius, new to Britain, 165.

Eupelmus messene, 48.

Exochus tibialis, new to Britain, 165.

Fenus crassipes, 47,—unguicularis, 48, from New Zealand.

Formica advena, 41,—zealandica, 41, from New Zealand.

Gorytes carbonarius, from New Zealand, 40.

Halictus familiaris, 38,—sordidus, 38, from New Zealand.

Herpestomus striatus, 145.

Heterocelia synonymous with Mesitius, 125.

Hive bee building in open air, xxxi.

Holopedina, synonym of Cephalonomia, 125.

Hoplocryptus elegans, renamed, 154.

Hygrocryptus drewseni, synonym of C. elegans, 153.—palustris, new to

Britain, 154.

Ichneumon consanguineus, 43,—conspiratus, 44,—deceptus, 43, from New

Zealand.—decoratorius, 42.—erythreus, at Headley Lane, vi.—

exhilaratus, from New Zealand, 43.—huttonii, 44.—insidiator, 44,—

invectus, 44, from New Zealand.—lotatorius, 43.—perysidiosus, 45,—

placidus, 44, from New Zealand.—rubricosus, new to Britain, 144.

—sollicitorius, 45.—stigmatorius, new to Britain, 144.

Incalia hirticornis, alluded to, 563.

Isobrachium synonymous with Mesitius, 125. I. hispanicum, 555.

Lamprocolletes fulvescens, 36,—obscurus, 36, from New Zealand.

Lasius mixtus, new to Britain, xxvii; variety of L. wmbratus, xxviii.

Leioproctus imitatus, from New Zealand, 36.

Limneria barrettii, 158.— carbonaria, 160,—clausa, 161,—cursitans, 160,—

deficiens, 161, new to Britain.—/fitchii, 157.—fuscipes, 161,—

litoralis, xxii,—lugubrina, 160, new to Britain.—mesta, 158.—

monticolana, 159.—tricincta, 160,—vestigialis, 161,—volubilis, 161,

—vulgaris, 161, new to Britain.

Lissonota albopicta, from New Zealand, 47.—anomala, xxli,— caligata,

167, new to Britain.—flavopicta, from New Zealand, 47.—leucogona,

167.—linearis, new to Britain, xxii.

Megaspilus mullensis, 558.—punctulatus, 557.

Mesochorus aciculatus, 162.—gibbulus, new to Britain, 162.

Mesoleius bignellii, 163.—fallax, 164,—rufolabris, 163,—seymentator, 163,

new to Britain.

(> Ixix -)

Mesoleptus miilleri, from New Zealand, 47.

Mesostenus albopictus, from New Zealand, 45.

Methoca bicolor, 137.—californica, 133.—canadensis, 134.—constricta,

136.—gracilis, 136.—hemorrhoidalis, 134.—ichneumonoides, alluded

to, 133.—insularis, 135.—nigriceps, 136.—pacalis, alluded to, 138.—

poeyi, 137.—stygia, 138.—thoracica, 135.

Monoblastus femoralis, xxii,—levigatus, 165, new to Britain.

Monolexis? palliatus, 560.

Monomorium fulvum, from New Zealand, 42.

Monostegia antipoda, 50.

Nematus scoticus, 563.

Oiorhinus pallipalpus, new to Britain, 149.

Ophion ferrugineus, from New Zealand, 45.—insularis, 46.—inutilis, from

New Zealand, 45.—luteus, alluded to, 45.—minutum, new to Britain,

157.—peregrinus, from New Zealand, 45.—skellonii, 46.

Orectognathus antennatus, £1,—perplexus, 42, from New Zealand.

Orthocentrus corrugator, new to Britain, 166.

Osmia parietina, incongruous emergence, 111.

Pachyprotasis albicincta, 565.

Paniscus ephippiatus, from New Zealand, 46.—tarsatus, new to Britain, 157.

Pelopeus spirifex, incongruous emergence, 110.

Perilissus bucculentus, 163,—fumatus, 163,—pictilis, 163, new to Britain.

Pezomachus distinctus, new to Britain, 155; exhibited, 11.—dwbitator, 156,

—geochares, xxii,—incertus, 156, new to Britain; instability of

characters in group, vli.— intermedius, 155,—juvenilis, 156,—

micrurus, 156,—nigritus, 155,—procursorius, 157,—aylochophilus,

xxii, new to Britain.

Pheogenes formosus, 149.—impiger, 147,—nanus, 147, new to Britain.—

similis, 148.—suspicax, 147,—trepidus, 147, new to Britain.

Phygadeuon aberrans, probable female of I. lanius, 152.—fumator, semi-

apterous varieties, 151.—nanus, 152,—probus, 152, new to Britain. —

tarsatus, 150.

Pimpla abdominalis, alluded to, 166.—detrita, new to Britain, 167.—

diluta, alluded to, 166.—mandibularis, new to Britain, 167.

Pison morosus, 40,—tuberculatus, 40, from New Zealand.

Platylabus thedenii, new to Britain, 145.

Ponera castanea, from New Zealand, 41.

Priocnemis carbonarius, 38,—conformis, 39,—diligens, 38, from New Zea-

land.—fugaz, 39.—marginatus, 39,—monachus, 38,—nitidiventris,

38, from New Zealand.—wakefieldit, 39.

Pristocera, alluded to, 132. P. contracta, probable female of P. atra, 132,

Proctotrupes intrudens, from New Zealand, 49.

Prosopis agilis, 37,—capitosus, 37,—levigata, 37,—relegatus, 37,—vicina,

38, from New Zealand.

Psilloma caudata, 557.

Pteromalus iambe, 49.—lelex, 48.

Rhagigaster novare, trom New Zealand, 41.

Rhogas penetrator, trom New Zealand, 47.

ew oilxx:()

Rhopalum albipes, 41,—carbonarium, 40,—perforator, 41, from New

Zealand.

Rhyssa fractinervis, from New Zealand, 47.

Sawfly larva destructive to grass at Clitheroe, xiii; at Rochdale, xiii; at

Romford and Huddersfield, xiv; destructive to wheat at Marl-

borough, xiii.

Scleroderma, abnormal winged female, 110; affinities, 111—113. S. bicolor,

121; bred from briar-cells of Raphiglossa, 109. SS. concinna, 116;

alluded to, 122.—contracta, an Epyrid, 125; correction of errors,

117; dimorphism in females, 120. SS. domestica, parasitic on Oxy-

pleurus Nodieri larva, xxxiii, xl; economy, 109. — ephippium,

114; alluded to, 122,—fonscolombei, 124,—fulvicornis, 125, 129,—

Suscicornis, 125, 128, a Cephalonomia.—gracilis, 115; alluded to,

122; larva and cocoons, 111. S. linearis, 124,—modesta, an

Apenesia, 125; morphotic divergencies, 113. SS. mutilloides,

alluded to, 125,—polynesialis, 116; alluded to, 122.—rujicornis,

122,—sidneyana, 122, alluded to.—soror, 123; structure, 118;

tenacity of life, 111. S. thwaitesiana, 123.—vwigilans, 123.—wollas-

tonii,. 122.

Scolobates intrudens, 46,—varipes, 47, from New Zealand.

Sierola, 556. S. testaceipes, 556.

Spalangia hirta, from Honolulu, 562.

Spilomicrus quadriceps, from New Zealand, 49.

Stibeutes heinemanni, new to Britain, 155; n.s. from Deal, ii.

Sycophaga crassipes, identical with C. sycomori, xlii.

Tachytes depressus, 40,—nigerrimus, 40,—sericops, 40, from New Zealand.

Tengyra stygia, alluded to, 138.

Tenthredinide, ovipositor a test of specific distinctness, 576; saws

exhibited, xxx.

Tenthredo togata, synonymy of, 564.

Tenthredopsis, British species of, 566—573. T. albomaculatus, 569.—

caliginosus, 566,—cordatus, 566,—dimidiatus, 566,—dorsatus, 573,

alluded to.—dorsivittatus, 570.—excisus, 568,—femoralis, 566,

alluded to.—flavomaculatus, 567.—fulviceps, 568,—ignobilis, 567,

alluded to.—inornatus, 571.— lividiventris, 568.—microcephala,

566,—nassatus, 572, alluded to.—nigriceps, 569.—nigricollis, 567.

—nigronotatus, 566.—ornatus, alluded to, 568, 573.—picticeps,

568.—saundersi, 570.—scutellaris, 567,— sordidus, 572,—stigma,

567,—tristis, 568, alluded to.

Tetramorium nitidum, 42,—striatum, 42, from New Zealand.

Theronia, alluded to, 166.

Thynnus picinus, 133.

Tryphon bicornutus, 164,—ephippium, 164, new to Britain.—obstructor,

from New Zealand, 47.

Vespa crabro, species of Phora parasitic on, xxxvii.

(y Plats 3

LEPIDOPTERA.

Abraxas placida, a Callabraxas, 420.—grossulariata, varieties exhibited, x.

Acantholipes metalligera, 190.

Acidalia amazonata, 338,—asopiata, 337,—calidata, 339, from Amazons,

—eburneata, a Somatina, 340.—eupitheciata, from Amazons, 337.

—juruana, 339; name cannot stand, 337.—pulverea, 338.—stella,

337.—stictopteris, 339.—terminata, from Amazons, 338.—trigonata,

an Ephyra, 336.—wvinocinctata. from Amazons, 339.

Aciptilus adumbratus, 282.—albidus, 282,—candidalis, 282, from South

Africa.—tripunctatus, 283.—vilis, 594.

Acrea barberi, 433.—fenestrata, 435.

Acrosemia, alluded to, 317.

Adela electella, alluded to, 247.—natalensis, from South Africa, 247.

Aichmia bohemani, from South Africa, 272.

Aimene minuta, 595.

Agdistes pustulalis, from South Africa, 277.

Agrotis fucosa, 179.—tokionis, 178.

Almodes, position of, 327. A. stigmaria, from Amazons, 327.

Alucita butleri, from the Transvaal, 284.—capensis, alluded to, 285.—

ferruginea, 285.—fortis, 284.

Alucitida, affinities of, 594.

Amauris echeria, mimicked by D. mima, viii.

Amblyptilus acanthodactylus, alluded to, 277.—africe, 278.—cosmodactylus,

from South Africa, 277.

Ancylolomia siccella, synonym of Aphelia lanceolana, 231.

Andania, W1k., identical with Syngria, Gn., 318. A. druidaria, 318,—

scriptipennaria. 318, alluded to.

Anemosa, alluded to, 588. A. pryeri, 588.

Anisodes coxaria, from Amazons, 335.—eumeleata, a Synegia, 336.—

globraria, alluded to, 334.—hadassa, 336,—imitaria, 336, species

of Synegia.—lateritiaria, alluded to, 333.—nebuligera, 335.—

nodigera, 334.—nudaria, from Amazons, 335.—peculiaris, 335.—

platycerata, a Drapetodes, 336.—pustularia, a Synegia, 336.

Antéotricha ovata, 258.

Antherea calida, 14.—fentoni, 13.—hazina, 13.—morosa, 14.—new species

from West Africa, xxx.

Anticlea badiata, parasite of, 167.

Apicia liberaria, a Tacparia, 326.—prostypata, a Gynopteryx, 321.

Apamea nivalis, 177.

Apatura bhavana, 307.

Aphelia lanceolana, from South Africa, 231.

Aphendala sericea, 595.

Aplectoides caliginea, 185.

Aplodes malina, 330.

Apopestes inconspicua, 191.

Appias hippoides, 312.—latifasciata, 312.

Apurima fulvosparsa, 591.

a ixxi )

Archonias chelidonis, 354,—colla, 354,—eurytele, 354,—suadela, 354, from

Ecuador.

Argynnis anna, 465,—cytheris, 465,—lathonioides, 465,—montana, 465,

alluded to.—paphia, varieties exhibited, xxvii.

Argyria candida, 590.

Argyris plagiata, 22.

Argyrophenga edmondsii, 457.—simplex, 458.

Argyrophorus argenteus, from Chili, 459.

Asthena sancta, 413.

Atychia quiris, from South Africa, 234.

Azata gambaria, from Amazons, 343.

Azelina claustraria, alluded to, 318.—clysiaria, 325,—garuparia, 325,—

juruana, 325,—lustraria, 325,—pumaria, 324, from Amazons.—

metagonaria, alluded to, 348.—trailii, from Amazons, 325.

Bactra stagnicolana, alluded to, 232.

Ballantiophora, 344. B. gibbiferata, from Amazons, 345.—lanaris, 345.

Bargosa rivulosa, 410.

Berberodes conchylata, from Amazons, 344.

Blabophanes longella, 243,—rejectella, 244,—rutilicostella, 244,—speculella,

244, from South Africa.

Bleptina dimissalis, alluded to, 580.

Boarmia, alluded to, 327. B. bipennaria, from Amazons, 326.—definita,

407.—mesta, 407.—nikkonis, 406.—paupera, 406.—picata, 408.

Bombyx mori, monstrous pupa exhibited, xxii.

Botyodes insignis, 587.

Brachmia trigella, 263,—subsecivella, 263, from South Africa.

Brenthis cytheris, alluded to, 465, 482.—lathonioides, 466,—modesta, 466,

from Chili.

Brotis vulneraria, alluded to, 325.

Bupalus mirandus, 599.

Butleria, alluded to, 480. B. sotoi, alluded to, 479, 484.

Cabera magna, 416.

Caberodes carcearia, a Gynopteryx, 326.

Cacecia adustana, 222.—? capitana, alluded to, 222.—reciprocana, 221.

Calcaritis oberthuerii, 597.

Callabraxas evanescens, 420.—propinqua, 420.

Callerebia nada, 306.—yphthimoides, 307.

Callidryas drya, from Chili, 472.

Calliteara, 12.

Calothysanus pulcherrima, 342.

Calpe lata, 21.

Carpocapsa diremptana, probably a Penthina, 232.

Carterocephalus, alluded to, 480. C. bissexguttatus, 480, 484,— flavo-

maculatus, 480,—paniscoides, 481,—valdivianus, 481, 484, from

Chili.

Cataclysta midas, 585.

Cataprosopus, 589. C. monstrosus, 590.

Catocala connexa, 196.—nubila, 196.—omphale, 195.

Cerastis levis, 181.—subdolens, 181.

( lee »)

Ceromitia wahlbergi, from South Africa, 247.

Cerura erminea and vinula compared, xxxvi.

Cherodes transcendens, a Mucronodes, 316.—translinquens, an Oxydia, 317.

—transponens, a variety of O. vesulia, 317.

Cherotriche niphonis, 9.—squamosa, 9.

Chalcosia caudata, probably an Eleysma, 4.

Chareas graminis, plague of larve of, xiv; exhibited, xxiii.

Chasmina, synonym of Leocyma, 187.

Chelaria albogrisea, 265.

Chionomera, 18. C. argentea, 18.

Chlorochroma congenita, 331,—externa, 331,—vertumnaria, 331, species of

Omphaz.

Choreutis bjerkandrella, from South Africa, 234.

Chrysocestis bisignata, is B. gibbiferata, 332.—institata, alluded to, 332.—

pecilmidia, 332.

Chrysophanus bicolor, 468,—quadrimaculata, 469, alluded to.

Chrysorithrum amatum, alluded to, 199.—fuscum, 198.—rufescens, 198.

Cidaria anomala, 425.—mariesii, 424.—minna, 424.—pryeri, 425.—

pyraliata, parasite of, 160.

Cimicodes castanearia, a Mucronodes, 316.—gygearia, from Amazons, 318.

—doubtfully belonging to Urapteride, 318.

Cinogon, 1. C. cingulatum, 2.

Cleogene, allied to Scoria, 418. C. sordida, 418.

Clysia decisaria, an Endropia, 317.—miatipennaria, alluded to, 317.—

succedens, a Lycimna, 317.

Cnemidolophus, 274. C. lavernellus, 275.

Colias cunninghamii, 471.—dinora, 358.—minuscula, 470; alluded to, 483,

—rutilans, from Chili, 470.—vauthieri, alluded to, 470, 483.

Collix minuta, 421.—washti, a Scotosia, 421.

Comibena ocellata, from Amazons, 330.—wvaga, 410.

Compsoctena connexalis, from South Africa, 227.—primella, alluded to, 225.

Conchylis africana, 227.—trimeni, alluded to, 227.

Corenia fulvida, 422.

Cosmosatyrus leptoneuroides, from Chili, 459.—plumbeolus, alluded to, 459.

Cratoptera brunnea, 319.—primularis, 320.

Crenis morantii, 439.

Cryptolechia, Zell., alluded to, 253. C. atropunctella, 256.—castella, from

South Africa, 255.—dilutella, 255.—eariasella, 255,—heresiella,

255, from South Africa.—obliquella, 254.—yroseocostella, 257.—

roseoflavida, 256.—sesquitertia, alluded to, 254.—stramineella, from

South Africa, 252.

Cyclopides aureipennis, from Chili, 477.—fruticolens, 477, vars., 478.—

philippii, 479 ; alluded to, 484.—sotoi, alluded to, 484.

Dandaca biformis, a Pandesma, 193.—columba, supersedes Minica, 193.

—eurychlora, a Pandesma, 193.—senex, an Eliochrea, 193.

Dasychira argentata, 12.—abietis, new genus for, 12.—fascelina, new

genus for, 12.—lewcophea, new genus for, 12.

Depressaria acerbella, from South Africa, 252.—trimenella, 251.

Destolmia insignis, 19.

@ ixxiv )

Diacrisia irene, 6.

Diadema mima, sexes exhibited, viii.

Dicallomera, 12.

Dicycla ?, specimen captured at Blackheath, v.

Dismorphia arcadia, from Ecuador, 356.—ela, alluded to, 357.—hewitsonii,

355.—hyposticta, male, 356.—leonora, 354,—medora, 356,—orise,

357, from Ecuador.—rhetes, alluded to, 355.

Drepana acuta, 596.

Drepanodes pholata, a Cratoptera, 320.

Drosica abjectella, alluded to, 263.

Drymonia permagna, 20.

Dyrzela cara, 188.

Dyspteris inequaria, from Amazons, 330.

Earias roseifera, 18.

Ebulea stachydalis, parasite of, 160.

Eccopsis fluctuatana, 230.—wahlbergiana, alluded to, 229.

Egnasia trimantesalis, a Saraca, 581.—vasava, 582.

Elachista monticola, parasite of, 160.

Eleysma, 4. E. translucida, 4.

Elina flora, from Chili, 450.—lefebvrei, larva and pupa described, 449,

from Chili, 482.—nemyrioides, 450.—vanessoides, from Chili, 450.

Ellopia convexaria, a Sicya, 326.—inflectaria, a Sicya, 326.

Emmelesia unifasciaria, parasite of, 145.

Enemia psammitis, alluded to, 251.

Endropia evanescens, 404.—singularis, 324.

Enicostoma coarctata, 252.

Ennomos tiliaria, variety exhibited, iv, xxxvii.—genus in confusion, 326.—

potentaria, a Colussa, 326.

Ennychia diversa, 585.

Ephyra leonaria, an Anisodes, 336.—rubripennis, 333.—rudimentaria,

from Amazons, 333.—strigulataria, a Bargosa, 336.

Epinephele coctei, from Chili, 453.—edmondsii, 451.—limonias, 451, 482.—

monachus, 452,—pales, 454, from Chili,—poliozona, alluded to, 482.

—tristis, alluded to, 452.—valdivie, from Chili, 452.

Epione agyllaria, 326,—arenosa, 402, alluded to.—brongusaria, doubtfully

distinct from T. incessaria, 326.—calipusaria, is S. solfataria, 326.

—cambogiaria, alluded to, 326.—grata, is a Gynopteryx, 403.—

lachrymosa, 402.—liboraria, synonymous with 7. confiniaria, 326.

—ossea, 402.—roseigera, 326,—serinaria, 326, alluded to.

Erastria atrata, 188.—fentoni, 190.—senex, 189.

Ercheia umbrosa, 194.

Eretmocera divisella, alluded to, 272.—fuscipennis, from South Africa, 271.

—ignipicta, 593.—letissima, 272,—lunifera, 272,—princeps, 271,—

scatospila, 272, from South Africa.

Eromene bella, alluded to, 590.—expansa, 590.

Erosia cretacea, 414.—plagifera, 414.—schidacina, 415.—styx, 416.

Eucleodora, 263. E. chalybeella, 264.

Eucrostis expulsata, from Amazons, 330.

Eumeta minuscula, 22.

( iexv )

Eupithecia abbreviata, parasite of, 157.

Euplocamus horridellus, 237,—stupens, 237, from South Africa.

Euprepia pheosoma, var. auripennis, 7.

Euptoieta claudia, 465,—hegesia, 465, alluded to.—hortensia, from Chili,

464.

Euralia, unstable characters of, viii.

Eustizis flavivittella, 250.—pupula, alluded to, 251.

Eutricha dolosa, 16.—fentoni, 17.—zonata, 17.

Eutropa, alluded to, 347. EH. columbaris, 347.

Exartema, Clemens, probably identical with Eccopsis, Zell., 229.

Exodomorpha, Wlk., synonym of Eretmocera, Zell., 271.

Falcinodes gonodontaria, synonymous with H. asychisaria, 318.

Faunula leucoglene, alluded to, 482, 485.—stelligera, 460.

Felinia terminigera, a Pandesma, 193.

Fentonia, 20. F. levis, 20.

Galaria subauratana, synonym of Compsoctena primella, 226.

Gampola noctis, 8.

Gareus fenestratus, 404.

Gegenes fusca, from Chili, 475.

Gelechia abjunctella, from South Africa, 262.—flavipalpella, 262.—

rescissella, 261,—zetterstedtiella, 261, from South Africa.—zulu, 261.

Geometra difissa, a Numia, 331.—dimissa, a Tanaorhinus, 331.—factaria,

is N. terebintharia, 331.—luteoviridata, a Tanaorhinus, 331.—

reciprocata, a Tanaorhinus, 331.—subcelata, a Numia, 331.—

subignita, a Tanaorhinus, 331.—subvectaria, is N. buxaria, 331.—

viridiluteata, a Tanaorhinus, 331.

Gerbatha granitalis, 194.—subfasciata, 193.

Gisira hercules, 579.

Glottula sordida, 174.

Glyphipteryx dimidiatella, alluded to, 273.

Gonophora aurorina, 171.

Gortyna ?, specimen captured at Blackheath, v.

Gracillaria imperialella, captured in Yorks., x.

Grapholitha spissana, from South Africa, 232.

Gynopteryx calbisaria, an Apicia, 326.—calexaria, a Cratoptera, 321.—

gygearia, alluded to, 317.—icaunaria, a Cratoptera, 321.—lapidea,

403.—liodesaria, a variety of C. gygearia, 317.—vulgaris, 321.

Hadena tokiensis, 186.

Halesa, Wik., position of genus, 318. H. asychisaria, from Amazons, 318.

glauca, 319.

Heliochroma leucothea, from Chili, 469.

Heliothis fervens, 186.

Hemerophila atrilineata, 405.

Hepialide, affinities of, xlv.

Herbita aglausaria, alluded to, 317.

Hermonassa, to be united to Opigena, 180.

Herona sumatrana, 308.

Hesperia hiraca, 313.

Hipparchia chiliensis, from Chili, 460,—monticolens, 484,

FF kev )

Hybernia defoliaria, 158,—progemmaria, 158, 162, parasites of.

Hyblea fortissima, 191.

Hydrecia micacea, larva feeding on Equisetum, xxxvi.

Hygrochroa davalliata, a Mucronodes, 324.

Hyloicus davidis, 2.

Hypena rivuligera, 579.

Hypercallia subreticulata, 269.

Hyperetis alienaria, an Anisodes, 326.

Hyponomeuta africanus, 248, — fumigatus, 249, — perficitellus, 249, —

strigillatus, 249, from South Africa.—subplumbellus, 248.

Hyperythra angulifascia, alluded to, 326.—arcasaria, probably A.

depontanata, 326.—decrepitaria, from Amazons, 322.—ennomosaria,

a Caustoloma, 326.

Idioglossa, 273. I. bigemma, 273.

Iodis vernaria, oviposition of, xx.

Tra, W1k., alluded to, 317.

Ischnopsis, 236. I. angustella, 237.

Jodis opaca, 328.

Lampides trigemmatus, 468.

Lamprosticta bella, 183.

Larva-cases from Aden, probably lepidopterous, xxxv.

Lecithocera anthologella, from South Africa, 276.—maculata, 276.

Leocyma nervosa, 187.

Leptina grata, 172.

Leptoneura clytus, alluded to, 438.—oxylus, 437.

Lethe todara, 305.

Limenitis bockii, 308.—sibylla, variety exhibited, xxvii.

Lioptilus bonespei, 281.

Lithocolletis zulella, 277.

Lobophora muscigera, 421.

Locastra elegans, 581.

Lozotenia capensana, alluded to, 222.—diluticiliana, 224.—dorsiplagana,

223.—elegans, 224.

Lycena adonis, erroneously recorded from Chili, 467.—icarus, gynandro-

morphous specimen exhibited, x; var. Icarinus, exhibited, xxxii.—

medon, variety exhibited, x.

Lycenesthes livida, 443.

Lymantria fumida, male renamed, 11.

Macaria, certain species of, into Parasemia, 341. M. cometifera, 347.—

infimata, 346,—peltigerata, 346, from Amazons. —turturaria, a

Somatina, 341.

Macariide, alluded to, 341, 347.

Macrochthonia, 599. M. fervens, 599.

Macrogonia igniaria, alluded to, 344.

Magida awrantiaca, 522.

Manchana avitella, a Tiquadra, 235.

Mania empedocles, from Amazons, 316; note on name, 315.

Mecoceras nitocris, from Amazons, 331,

Melanthia yokohame, 422,

Melinodes amphisaria, a Pyrinia, 326.

Menda, alluded to, 346. MW. cinerea, 346.

Meranda inconspicua, 583.

Mesogona exigqua, 182.

Metabraxas, 419. M. clerica, 419.

Microniide, alluded to, 345.

Micropteryx electella, probably an Adela, 247.—fastuosella, exhibited, x.

Mieza subfervens, alluded to, 251.

Miltochrista artaxidia, 8.

Mimeseoptilus sabius, from Caffraria, 281.—new species from South

Africa, alluded to, 281.

Minica, synonym of Dandaca, 193.

Miselia cinerea, 184.

Molybdophora concinnaria, alluded to, 346.—concinnularia, veferable to

Menda, 346.—hyphinoé, a Gaala, 346.

Morpho adonis, female, 397; sexes exhibited, xiii.—cypris, dimorphic

females of, 397.

Mucronodes mundipennata, alluded to, 317.

Mydosama marginata, 307.

Myrteta angelica, 413.

Mythimna limbata, 173.

Nadagara, allied to Apicia, 419.— N. flaviceps, 419.— nigripalparia,

referable to Menda, 346.

Narathura subfasciata, 312.

Nedusia metachromata, from Amazons, 345.

Nematocampa arenosa, 323.—reticulata, 323.

Nemeophila macromera, 5.—macromera, var. melanomera, 5.

Nemophora alternipunctella, 245.—crinigerella, from South Africa, 244.—

elongatella, 244. — trigoniferella, 246.— turpisella, from South

Africa, 245.

Nemoria iris, 328.—translucidaria, an Amaurinia, 331.

Nemotois aurifera, 592.—paradisea, 592.

Neomenas, alluded to, 454. N. cenonymphina, 454.—fractifascia, 455.—

servilia, from Chili, 456.—wallengrenii, 456.

Neope khasiana, 306.

Neosatyrus ambiorix, alluded to, 461, 464.—boisduvalii, from Chili, 462.

—humilis, alluded to, 464.—minimus, 461.—ochreivittatus, 462.—

reedii, 463; variety described, 485.—violaceus, 463.

Nepticula lapponica, bred from birch, x.—splendidissima, bred from

bramble, x. — tengstremi, bred from Rubus Chamemorus, x.—

ulmivora, bred from elm, x.

Neptis anjana, 309.—batara, 310.—carticoides, 309.—fuliginosa, 310.—

kallaura, 309.—martabana, 310.

Noctua attacked by Isaria, ii.

Nola albulalis, parasite of, 158.

Nonagria innocens, 173.—lutosa, captured in London, iv.

Nothris eaternella, from South Africa, 267.—meridionella, 268.—septella,

from South Africa, 267.

Numeria japonica, 418.

ie Ixxvill_)

Nuwnia flava, 332.

Ochropleura plumbata, 180.

(Ecophora obliquestrigella, 258.—sabiella, 270.

(dematophorus longalis, alluded to, 281.

(édematopoda princeps, from South Africa, 271.

(Bona, to be united to Hutricha, 17.

Olybama japonica, 583.

Ophthalmophora formosanta, alluded to, 331.

Opigena arenosa, 179.

Oporabia nexifasciata, 420.

Orgyia approximans, 10.—thyellina, 10.

Oscella eneonivella, a Tiquadra, 235.

Osicerda paupera, 418.

Oxydia agliata, 317,—bendiata, 317, alluded to.—capnodiata, an Herbita,

317.—distichata, 317,—hispata, 317, varieties of O. vesulia.—

trapezata, 317,—trychiata, 317,—vesulia, 317, alluded to.

Oxyptilus caffer, from South Africa, 279.—direptalis, alluded to, 278, 280.

—teucrii, parasite of, 159.—wahlbergi. from South Africa, 280.

—walkeri, 279.

Pagyda quadrilineata, 586.

Pamphila fasciolata, 477,—fulva, 477, from Chili.

Pandesma virens, 192.

Paraponyx turbata, 586.

Parasemia, alluded to, 341. P. distans, 343.—gqambarina, alluded to, 342.—

gigantata, from Amazons, 343.—irrufata, alluded to, 342.—notata,

renamed, 343.—percisaria, from Amazons, 342.—pryeri, 417.—

subitaria, from Amazons, 343.

Papilio americus, asymmetrical neuration in, xxviii.—bias, from Chili ;

larva and pupa described, 474; alluded to, 483.—cenea, note on

paired sexes of, 169.—charoba, 352.—chinsiades, 353,—cutora, 353,

—drucei, 353, alluded to.—euterpinus, alluded to, 351.—isidorus,

from Ecuador, 354.—lacydes, male, 351.—marcus, is M. adonis

female, 397.—pandiyana, 313.—tamilana, 313.—virginia, 352.—

weniades, alluded to, 353.

Penestoglossa capensis; from South Africa, 234.

Pericallia testacea, 405.

Perigea argyrosticta, 177.

Phalena croceata, probably a T'etragonodes, 322.—violacea, alluded to, 319.

Phalera fuscescens, 597.

Pharetra leucoptera, 595.

Phoxopteris natalana, 233.

Pieris brassice, hyperparasite of, 162.—gayi, a Heliochroma, 469.—

imperator, 357.—microdice, alluded to, 473.—napi, variety ex-

hibited, xxvii.—orbona, male of P. saba, viii.—saba, sexes exhibited,

vii.—smithii, 357.—theodice, alluded to, 472.

Plataplecta plumbea, 184,

Platewmeta, 22. P. aurea, 23.

Platychasma, 596. P. virgo, 596.

Plusia metabractea, 190.

(j lox )

Pecilocampa subpurpurea, 18.

Porthetria asetria, alluded to, 12.—hadina, 11.—lucescens, 11.—wm-

brosa, 10.

Prospalta, doubtfully distinct from Hrastria, 189.

Psecadia circumdatella, 249,—languida, 250,—livida, 249,—rujiventris

250, from South Africa.

Psecadioides, 593. P. aspersus, 593.

Pseudebulea, 587. P. fentoni, 587.

Pseudostegania, 416. P. chrysidia, 417.

Psoricoptera hirsutella, 261.

Psychide, affinities of, xlv.

Pterophoride, affinities of, 594.

Pyrameis carye, 466,—terpsichore, 467, from Chili.

Pyrausta chrysitis, 584.—wnipunctata, 584.

Pyrgus americanus, from Chili, 475; alluded to, 483.—/fulvovittatus, 475.

—trisignatus, from Chili, 476.—valdivianus, alluded to, 476.

Pyrinia optivata, from Amazons, 318.

Pyrinioides, 199. P. aurea, 200.

Racheospila marginiplaga, a Comibena, 330.—miccularia, from Amazons,

330.—nympha, 411.

Rahinda assamica, 311.—sattanga, 311.—siaka, 311.

Rethma, alluded to, 346.

Ripula area, from Amazons, 316.

Rivula subrosea, 580.

Rhyparioides metalkana, alluded to, 6.—simplicior, 6.—subvaria, alluded

to, 6.

Salamis nebulosa, 441.

Saraca costinotata, 581.—subviolacea, 581.

Satyrus nemyrioides, an Hlina, 450.—nycteropus, 464,—promaucana, 459,

—thelxiope, 463, alluded to.

Scardia vastella, alluded to, viii.

Schidax squammaria, from Amazons, 345.

Schistomitra, 3. S. funeralis, 4.

Scolitantides chilensis, alluded to, 467.—collina, from Chili, 467. —

plumbea, 486. :

Scordylia basaliaria, from Amazons, 349.

Scotosia ignobilis, 423.

Semioscopis trigonella, from South Africa, 234.

Semiothisa divergentata, alluded to, 348.

Sericoris scabellana, from South Africa, 228.

Setomorpha rutella, from South Africa, 274.

Sinna clara, 8.—fentoni, 8.

Somatina eburneata, from Amazons, 340.—fervens, 340.—simplicior, 412.

Spelotis lucens, 179.

Sphecia rhynchioides, 589.

Spilarctia basilimbata, 6.—bifasciata, 7.

Spirama egrota, 197.—simplicior, 198.

Staintonia, Staud., synonym of Hretmocera, Zell., 271.

Steganoptycha granitalis, 591.—infausta, 232,

@ iixxx )

Stenotrachelys cinerea, 409,

Stigmonota dorsana, x,—regiana, x, variety exhibited.

Strymon americensis, from Chili, 469.

Syndemis saburrana, from South Africa, 225.

Synegia esther, 411.—fentoni, 412.—hadassa, alluded to, 411, 412.—

inconspicua, 412.

Syngria druidaria, 318,—falcinaria, 318, alluded to.

Syntomis erebina, 5.

Sypna, list of species of, 202. S. apicalis, 206.—fumosa, alluded to, 205.

—kirbyi, 209.—lueilla, 206.—lugens, synonym of Achea reversa,

201. — martina, alluded to, 203.— moorei, 209. — mormoides,

202.—obscurata, 207.— pulchra, 208.— tenebrosa, 203.— umbrosa,

204.

Tachyphyle, 329. T. acuta, 329.

Tacparia morosa, 403.—zalissaria, alluded to, 326.

Tansima, 305. T. satyrina, alluded to, 306.

Tatochila autodice, from Chili, 473.—blanchardii, 472; larva described,

473; alluded to, 483.—demodice, from Chili, 473.

Tavia, alluded to, 201. TZ. substruens, conspecific with Speiredonia

feducia, 201. .

Teara rotundata, new genus for, 12.

Tephrina lucinda, 348.

Tephrosia, alluded to, 327. 17’. cretacea, 327.—exculta, 408.—noctivolans,

598.

Teras capensana, alluded to, 222.—meridionana, synonym of L. capensana,

222.

Teratopsis, 259. T. tunicella, 260.

Terias chilensis, alluded to, 471.

Tetragonodes anopsaria, from Amazons, 322.

Tetraphlebia germainii, alluded to, 459.

Thalassodes diserta, alluded to, 331.

Thalpophila digna, 176.

Thanaos funeralis, alluded to, 481.

Thapava natalana, synonym of Compsoctena primella, 226.

Thera granitalis, 426. °

Therapis straminea, 401.

Thyatira pryeri, 172.

Timandra aventiaria, alluded to, 341.

Tinea abactella, 242,—damnificella, 242, from South Africa.—erinacea,

242.—farraginella, 242,—fuscipunctella, 242, from South Africa.—

gigantella, synonym of S. vastella, viii, 238.—horridella, a Euplo-

camus, 237.—incultella, 242,—purpurea, 242, from South Africa.—

vastella, from South Africa, 238; habits of, 239; larval cases,

pupe, and imagos exhibited, viii.

Tiquadra goochti, 234.—inscitella, alluded to, 235.

Tissa inquinatalis, synonym of Compsoctena primella, 226.—connexalis, a

Compsoctena, 227.

Topeutis drucella, 268.

Tortrix capitana, alluded to, 221,

( Teeat )

Toxocampa vulcanea, 192.

Triena anedina, 19.

Tropea dulcinea, 14.—gnoma, 15,—luna, 15, alluded to.

Urania leilus, from Amazons, 316.

Uraniide, affinities of, 315.

Urapteryx sambucaria, variety exhibited, xxx.

Urola croceivittella, an Argyria, 591.

Xandrames sericea, 409.

Aylomyges bella, 175.

Xylophasia commixta, 174.

Ypsolophus furvellus, from South Africa, 265.—latipalpis, 265.—siccifolii,

267.—straminis, 266.

Zanclopteryx aculeataria, from Amazons, 344.

Zeuzera esculi, parasite of, xxi.—leuconotum, 22.

MYRIOPODA.

Peripatus, remarks on affinities, ii. P. edwardsii, ii,—nove-zelandia, ii,

alluded to.

NEUROPTERA.

Anomisma abnorme, 31.

Ant-lion, large living larva found in London, xxxvil.

Callibetis ?, drawing of nymph from Peru, xiv.

Calopterygina, local plastic forms in, 25.

Chirotonetes 2, drawing of nymph from North America, xiv.

Cora brasiliensis, undescribed, 31.—jocosa, 30.

Dilar hornei, from N. W. India, v.—nevadensis, from Spain, v.—prestoni,

from Rio Janeiro, v.

Ephemera ? pudica, allied to Ephemerella, xiv.

Ephemeride, drawings of nymphs in Dr. Hagen’s collection exhibited,

Xiv.

Gomphomacromia batesi, from Ecuador, 26; female described, 26.—

fallax, 141.

Heptagenia pudica, allied to Kphemerella, xiv.

Heterina caja, alluded to, 27.

Hexagenia, drawing of nymph from North America, xiv.

Lais devillei, 26,—metallica, 27, alluded to.

Mecistogaster buckleyi, 32. —jocaste, alluded to, 32.— linearis, 34, —

marchali, 34, from Eeuador.—sincerus, alluded to, 32.

Microstigma rotundatum, from Ecuador, 32.—terminatum, female of 4.

abnorme, 31.

Myrmeleonide, large living larva found in London, XXXVIl.

Palingenia, drawing of nymph from Brazil allied to, xiv.

Termes opacus, alluded to, vi.

Termitide, tree nests of from British Guiana and Brazil, y, vi.

Thore @quatorialis, alluded to, 28. — coneinna, 28; exhibited, ii. —

derivata, 27.—mutata, 29.