ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Prof. J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &e.—Hon. Life President.

COUNCIL FOR 1883.

J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S. ... President.

H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.B.S.

F. Du Cane Gopman, Esq., M.A., F.R. S. | Vice-Presidents.

R. M‘Lacatan, Esq., F.R.S. f

Epwarp SaunDers, Esq., F.L.S.... .. Treaswrer.

: -FERDINAND GrvtT, Esq., F.L.S. ... .. Librarian.

Epwarp A. Fitcn, Esq., F.L.S. ...

W. F. Kirsy, Esq. . a

Rev. H. 8. GorHamM, P. Z. gS,

J. W. May, Esq., K.N.L.

saan

j Secretaries.

Francis P. Pascox, Esq., F.L.S.. ... | Other Members of

J. W. Suater, Esq. re : Council.

CHARLES O. WATERHOUSE, Esq. ..

W. E. Poo.e. ... Resident Librarian.

THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

1834—1883.

The Transactions can now be obtained by Members’

at the following reduced prices :—

PUBLIC. MEMBERS.

First Series, 4 volumes (1834—1845)...... Price£4 13 0 £3 10 0

Second Series, 5 volumes (1850—1861) .... 8 0 0 315 0

Third Series, 5 volumes (1862—1869) GO 410 0

The Transactions for the year 1868........ 1030

” ” Us asbasasc i 2 0

” ” (Vas an 0sae is 2 239° 10

, ” USW Als S5no6 nic ep O

” ” WS ater etelle' ete ee <0

” ” USHiBen ono TE

” ” US Wits Gece 12 10

” ” LSID stetonvettere bigt2! 10 3 00

” ” US atac Sor eo

” ” vin ae boo be 1 4 0

HS 4 RSTO aereicio aes te 015 0

9 + ISTO ay. vie aise 1278 016 6

” ” US Mag soonac 019 O 014 3

5: e LSA 5° 116 0 17 8

” ” 1882 Far atelatar= 110 0 Le 2e"6

99 +e USE Rlos condor 20 10: 73

Any single volume from 1850 to 1877 half-price to Members.

First Series, vol. v., is out of print.

The other volumes may be obtained separately, also the following :—

Pascoe’s Longicornia Malayana .......... 212 0 PAGO

Baly’s Phytophaga Malayana, Pt. 1, Aposta-

SIs ehoapoDuoejoao sn GooGaCoudE oC 016 0 012 0

Saunders’ ‘ British Heterogyna and Fossorial

METOsMNENODICT.O aan teios lake er teleisioiscteiiete tare 0 4 6 0 3 4

Saunders’ ‘ Synopsis of British Hymenoptera,’

12 AIS. Sie crscn ten aoe ty Cnet oO 6-0 0 4 6

Newport’s ‘ Athalia centifolie’ (Prize Essay) O° 7/0 o-1°

The JournaL oF PRocrEpinGs is bound up with the Transactions, but

may be obtained separately, by Members, gratis ; by the Public, price

Sixpence per Sheet (16 pp.).

Members and Subscribers resident more than fifteen miles from London,

who haye paid their Subscription for the current year, are entitled to

receive the Transactions for the year without further payment, and they

will be forwarded free, by post, to any address within the United Kingdom.

Members and Subscribers resident in, or within fifteen miles of, London

are entitled to a copy of the Transactions for the current year at half the

price to the public, which copy may be obtained on application to the

Librarian ; or all such Members or Subscribers who, in addition to their

Subscription for the current year, shall, at or before the April Meeting of

the Society, pay a further contribution of Half-a-Guinea, shall be entitled

to receive a copy of the Transactions for the year without further pay-

ment, which copy will be forwarded free by post.

CONTENTS.

—_——_—_.

PAGE

Explanation of the Plates we ae Se ere te ~» Vili

Errata .. f a 6 Se xs oe Nc eS vu

List of Gyn DEES. ae ee eve bd ae ae a Seon ix

Additions to the Library A! ais ae ae se SQ esau

MEMOIRS.

PAGE

I. Descriptions of three new genera and species of fig-insects

allied to Blastophaga from Calcutta, Australia, and Mada-

gascar; with notes on their parasites and on the affinities

of the pe aroere races. By Sir Srpney S. ri

C.M.G ae : ac : ae 1

IJ. Further depen of insects infesting figs. ay J. 0.

Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &e. ove Sr 29

III. Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in Chili by Thoms

Edmonds, Esq. By Artuur G. Butuer, F.LS., F.Z.S... 49

IY. Revision of the species included in the genus Tropisternus

(fam. Hydrophilide). By D. SHarp. as 35 ot mol

VY. On the classification of some families of the Tineina. By

K. Meyrick, B.A. ss ae a3 < on tf =b19

VI. Notes on three Paussi. By Lovis P&RINGUEY. .. Loe se

VII. Further additions to Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of British

Ichneumonide. By Joun B. Bripeman, F.L.S. .. oo dake

VIII. Remarks on a small collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera from

Borneo, with descriptions of new species. By A. SIDNEY

OLLIFF. ae .e oF ae ae eats

IX. Descriptions of new genera and species of Fiiondiciee,

By P. Cammron. es Ha a we 3 re LST

X. Notes on new or little-known species of iN cele aa

chiefly from New Zealand. By W. F. Kirsy. .. 199

XI. Supplement to the Geodephagous Coleoptera of jae

chiefly from the collection of Mr. George Lewis, made

during his second visit, from February, 1880, to September,

1881. By H. W. Bates, F.R.S., F.LS. .. AC Scie 20D

XII. Revision of the Pselaphide of Japan. By D. SHarp. SUA O1

XIIT. On the Lucanide of Japan. By GrorcEe Lewis. .. .. 333

XIV. On Ogyris oul algae Hewitson, and its eae: By

W. iH. Misxin . ac aye : : ae .. 343

XV. Descriptions of see new species of South. African Lepi-

doptera-Rhopalocera. By Rotanp Trimen,F.R.S., &e. .. 347

XVI. Descriptions of sixteen new species of parasitic Cynipide,

chiefly from Scotland. By P. CamERon, ., oe »» 865

Vlil MEMOIRS (continued).

XVII. Further notice concerning the fig-insects of Cones BY

J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c. ae 375

XVIII. On the Cynips Carice of Faaccuasiet al other fig. insects

allied thereto; with description of a new species from

Australia. By Sir Stpnry SaunpsrRs, C.M.G. ac a0. 080

XIX. Revision of the genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera

of the Japanese fauna. By Rev. H. 8. Gorwam, F.Z.S. 393

XX. First Report on the Rhynchota collected in J abe “i Mr.

George Lewis. By W. L. Distant. 413

XXI. Aligognathus Waterhousei, a new genus a species of

Dorcide from Peru. By Dr. Franz LEUTHNER. .. .. 445

XXII. Description of a new species of Eurytrachelus (Coleoptera,

Dorcide). By Cuas.O. WATERHOUSE. .. we a0

Proceedings for 1883 ob se a0 ate as i

Index .. oe se a os ee He Sr at

Bye Laws ae oe ae ie 3 we ae i

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plates I.—III. .. See pages 26,27, Plate XV... .. .. See page 345

Plates [V.—X. .. 5 45—47 | Plate XVI. ask ea PS 381

Plate ule =i aet-o sy psee page 90:)/sPlate X Ville == a.c eee. 3 411

Plate XII... See pages 210—213 | Plate XVIII. .. .. + 392

Plate XIII... .. .. Seepage 290 | Plates XIX.,XX. .. at 443

Plate exude ret tare ae » 342 | Plate XXI. ey) Bars 54 448

ERRATA.

Page 9, line 7, “‘ tarsis ” omitted before “ 5-articulatis.”

[Pages 30, 34, and 35. The notes and descriptions of Sycoscapter are

applicable only to the male sex, incomplete specimens of which were

mistaken for females; hence the observation relative to Dr. P. Mayer’s

Ichneumon ficarius, female, is incorrect, as stated in my subsequent

paper, p. 376. To avoid further confusion it will be advisable to separate

the species with Idarnella-like females (C. carice, jicarius, 4-setosa, and

aterrima), but with subapterous males, under a different generic name,

for which that of Idarnodes may be used.—J. O. W.]

Page 11, last line, and p. 20, 1.3 and 1. 9, for “ Prionastomata ” read

“ Prionostomata,” and for ‘ Aploastomata” read “ Haplostomata.”

Page 330, line 13, for “‘2nd” read “1st.”

Page 376, line 20, for ‘‘joints” read “ points.”

Page xvii, line 24, for ‘‘ forms” read ‘‘ forces.”

Hist of. Atlembers

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

3ist DECEMBER, 1883.

LIST OF MEMBERS

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

Honorary Wembers.

Burmeister, Hermann, Buenos Ayres.

Hagen, H. A., Cambridge, U.S.A.

Milne-Edwards, H., Paris.

Saussure, H. de, Geneva.

Schiddte, J. C., Copenhagen.

Selys-Longchamps, E. de, Liége.

Siebold, C. T. E. von, Mwnich.

Signoret, Victor, Paris.

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Date ot

Election.

1877

1880

1867 S.

1856

1883

1850

1865

1861

1851 +

1882

1880

1879

1881 S§.

1841

1860

1875

1876

1852 +

1867

1880

1880 S.

1877

1870

1879

1878

1862

1883

1855

Marked * are Original Members.

Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.

Marked S. are Annual Subscribers.

Adams, Frederick Charlstrom, 20 Old Bond-street, W.

Adams, Herbert Jordan, Roseneath, London-rd., Enfield, N.

André, Ed., M.S.E. de France, Berlin, Stettin, &., 21 Bowle-

vard Brétonniere, Beaune (Cote d Or), France.

Archer, F., Little Crosby-road, Crosby, Liverpool.

Armitage, Edward, R.A., 3 Hall-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W.

Attye, Robert Jervoise, Ingow Grange, Stratford-on-Avon.

Babington, Charles Cardale, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &., Pro-

fessor of Botany, 5 Brookside, Cambridge.

Baly, Joseph S., M.R.C.S., F.L.S., The Butts, Warwick.

Barton, Stephen, 32 St. Michael’s-hill, Bristol.

Bates, Henry Walter, F.R.S., F.L.S., &¢., 11 Carleton-road,

Tufnell Park, N.

Beaumont, Alfred, Low Valley Field, Culross, N.B.

Berg, Carl, Museo Publico, Buenos Ayres.

Bergroth, Dr. Evald, 11 Robertsgatan, Helsingfors, Finland.

Bignell, Geo. Carter, 7 Clarence-place, Stonehouse, Plymouth.

Billups, T.R., 20 Swiss Villas, Coplestone-road, Peckham, S.E.

Blomefield, Rev. Leonard, M.A., F.L.S., &.,19 Belmont, Bath.

Bloomfield, Rev. E. N., M.A., Guestling Rectory, Hastings.

Bond, Fred., F.Z.8., 5 Fairfield Avenue, Staines.

Bonvouloir, Comte Henri de, 15 Rue del Université, Paris.

Borrer, William, junr., Parklands, Keymer, Hurstpierpoint,

Sussex.

Boscher, Edward, Bellevue House, Twickenham.

Boyd, Thomas, Surrey Lodge, Hornend-road, Norwood, 8.E.

Boyd, William Christopher, Cheshunt, Herts.

Brandt, Dr. Edouard, Pres. Russ. Ent. Soc., &¢., Imperial

Medico-Chirurgical College, St. Petersburg.

Bridgman, John B., F.L.S., 69 St. Giles’-street, Norwich.

Briggs, Charles Adolphus, 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C.

Briggs, Thos. Henry, M.A., 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C.

Brongniart, Charles, M.S.E. et M.S.G. de France, &c.,

Muséum Whistoire Natwrelle de Paris, 57 Rue Cwier,

Jardin des Plantes.

Broun, Capt. Thomas, Kawau, Auckland, New Zealand.

Browne, Rev. Thomas Henry, M.A., F.G.S., The Cedars,

High Wycombe, Bucks.

Buckton, George Bowdler, F.R.S., &c., Weycombe, Haslemere,

Surrey.

Burnell, Edward Henry, 82 Bedford-row, W.C.

1868 + Butler, Arthur Gardiner, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 10 Avington-grove,

Penge, 8.E.

xil

1883

1878

1860

1880

1877

1868

1877

1871

1867

1865

1874

1873

1880

1876

1883

1880

1853

1867

1880

1883

1868

1873

1837

1875

1855

1873

1874

1876

1874

1867

1849

1874

1865

1883

1865

1881

1878

1869

1876

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Butler, Edward Albert, B.A., B.Se.,7 Turle Road, Tollington

Park, N.

. Cameron, Peter, 31 Willow-bank-crescent, Glasgow.

Candeze, Dr. E., Glain, Liége.

Cansdale, W. D., 6 Whittington-terrace, London-road,

Forest Hill, 8.H.

. Capron, Edward, M.D., Shere, Guildford.

. Carmichael, T. D. Gibson, F.L.S., Castle Craig, Peebles, N.B.

Carrington, Charles, Ellerslie, Lower Merton, 8.W.

Carrington, John T., F.L.8., Royal Aquarium, Westminster,

S.W.

Champion, G. C., 274 Walworth-road, 8.E.

Charlton, Ernest S., Hesleyside, Bellingham, Hexham.

Clarke, Alexander Henry,109 Warwick-road, Earls Court, S.W.

. Clarke, C. Baron, M.A., F.R.S., &., Royal Herbarium, Kew.

Cockle, Capt. George, 9 Bolton-gardens, S.W.

. Cole, Benjamin G., Lawrel Cottage, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.

Cole, William, Lawrel Cottage, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.

Copland, Patrick F., Hillcote, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.

+ Copperthwaite, William Charles, Beech-grove, Malton.

Coverdale, George. 24, Fleming-road, Lorrimore-square, 8.H.

. Cowell, Peter (Librarian of the Free Public Library), William

Brown-street, Liverpool.

Cox, Colonel C. J., Fordwich House, Canterbury.

Cox, Herbert Edward.

Crisp, Frank, LL.B., B.A., F.L.S., Sec. R.M.S., 5 Lansdowne-

road, Notting Hill, W.

Crowley, Philip, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Waddon House, Croydon.

Curzon, E. P. Roper.

Dale, C. W., Glanville’s Wootton, Sherborne.

Devonshire, William Cavendish, Duke of, K.G., F.R.S., &c.,

Devonshire House, 78 Piccadilly, W.

. Dickson, Prof. Wm. (Curator, University Library), Glasgow.

Distant, William Lucas, M.A.I., 1 Selston Villas, Derwent-

grove, Hast Dulwich, 8.E.

Dohrn, Dr. C. A. (Pres. Entomological Soc. of Stettin), Stettin.

Doria, Marquis Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa.

. Dormer, John Baptist Joseph Dormer, Lord, Grove Park,

Warwick.

Douglas, John William, 8 Beaufort-gardens, Lewisham, 8.E.

Dowsett, Arthur, 54, Russell-street, Reading.

Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 1 Circus-road, St. John’s

Wood, N.W.

Dunning, Joseph Wm., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., PResmpEnt,

12 Old-square, Lincoln’s Inn, W.C.

Du Pré, Charles Christian, F.L.8., 17 Pembroke-gardens,

Kensington, W.

D’ Urban, W.S. M., F.L.S., Albwera, St. Leonards, Exeter.

Durrant, John Hartley, Bancroft House, Hitchin, Herts.

Eaton, Rev. Alfred Edwin, M.A.

. Edwards, James, Swrrey Cottage, Rupert-street, Norwich.

Elwes, Hy. John, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Preston House, Cirencester.

Emich, Gustave d’, 6 Sebastian-place, Budapesth, Hungary.

. Enock, Fred., Ferndale, Bath-road, Woking Station, Surrey.

1881

1878

1874

1865

1883

1881

1880

1870

1883

1869

1855

1876

1865

1875

1855

1874

1879

1865

1846

1877

1874

1858

1879

1881

1883

1876

1869

1883

1876

1865

1880

1843

1869

1853

1872

1865

1876

1872

1861

1876

- 1842

LIST OF MEMBERS. Xill

Fereday, R. W., Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.

. Finzi, John A., 105 Gower-street, W.C.

Fitch, Edward A., F.L.S., Secretary, Brick House, Maldon,

Hssex.

. Fitch, Frederick, Hadleigh House, Highbury New Park, N.

Fletcher, J. E., Happy Land, Worcester.

Fletcher, W. H. B., M.A., 6 The Steyne, Worthing, Sussex.

Foran, Chas., Marshfield House, Terminus-rd., Eastbourne.

Fowler, Rev. W. W., M.A., F.L.8., The School House, Lincoln.

Freeland, H. W., M.A., Chichester.

Freeman, Francis Ford, 8 Leigham-terrace, Plymouth.

French, Rev. David John, F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.H.S., &e.

Fry, Alexander, F.L.S., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood

Park, Norwood, 8.E. ;

Fryer, Herbert Fortescue, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire.

Godman, Frederick DuCane, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.8, &., Park

Hatch, Godalming; and 10 Chandos-street, Cavendish-

square, W.

. Gooch, W. D., F.L.S., The Sanctuary, Westminster, 5.W.

Gorham, Rev. Henry Stephen .F.Z.8., Shipley, Sussex.

Goss, Herbert, F.L.S., F.G.S., Almora, Berrylands, Swr-

biton Hill, S.W.

Gosse, Philip Hy., F.R.S., Sandhurst, Torquay, Devonshire.

Greene, Rev. J., M.A., Rostrevor, Apsley-rd., Clifton, Bristol.

Grut, Ferdinand, F.L.S., Liprartan, 9 Newcomen-street,

Southwark, S.E.

Harding, George, The Grove, Fishponds, Bristol.

Harford, Henry C., Lieut. 99th Regt., Cape of Good Hope.

Harold, Baron Edgar von, 52 Barerstrasse, Munich.

. Harris, John T., Newton-road, Burton-on-Trent.

Henry, George, 38 Wellington-square, Hastings.

Hill, Lewis Fredk., 3 Edwardes-terrace, Kensington, W.

Hillman, Thomas Stanton, Hastgate-street, Lewes.

Holdsworth, Edward, Shanghai.

. Horner, A. C., Tonbridge, Kent.

Horniman, Frederick John, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., F.Z.8S., &e.,

Surrey House, Forest Hill, 8.E.

Hudd, A. E., 94 Pembroke-road, Clifton, Bristol.

Inchbald, Peter, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Fulwith Grange, Harrogate,

Yorks.

Janson, Edward W., 32 Victoria-road, Finsbury Park, N.;

and 385 Little Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.

Janson, Oliver E., 382 Victoria-road, Finsbury Park, N.;

and 85 Little Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.

Jekel, Henri, 62 Rue de Dunkerque, Paris.

. Jenner, J. H. A., 4 Hast-street, Lewes.

. John, Evan, Llantrissant, Pontypridd.

Katter, Dr. F., Putbus, Rigen, North Prussia.

Kay, John Dunning, Leeds.

Kaye, Ernest St. G., Jessore, Bengal.

Kirby, W. F., Secretary, 5 Union-road, Tufnell Park, N.

Kraatz, Dr. G. (President of the German Entomological

Society), Link-strasse, Berlin.

Kuper, Rev. Chas. Augustus Frederick, M.A., The Vicarage,

Trelleck, Chepstow,

Xiv

1875

1868

1880

1883

1868

1876

1835

1875

1865

1881

1849

1850

1880

1851

1858

1869

1865

1856

1874

1865

1860

1872

1880

1883

1871

1879

1853

1869

1876

1872

1878

1882

1878

1869

1877

1883

1873

1881

1878

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Lamarche, Oscar, 70 Rue Lowvrex, Liége..

Lang, Lieut.-Col. A. M., R.E., Simla, India.

Lang, Henry Charles, M.D., F.L.S., 41 Berners-st., Oxford-

street, W.

Lemann, Frederick Charles, Blackfriars House, Plymouth.

Lendy, Major Augustus F., F.L.8., F.G.8., Sunbury House,

Sunbury, 8.W.

Lewis, George, F.L.8., 101 Sandgate-road, Folkestone.

Lichtenstein, Jules, La Lironde, near Montpellier.

Lingwood, Robert Maulkin, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.8., 6 Park

Villas, Cheltenham.

Livingstone, Clermont, Hast Lodge, Forest Rise, Waltham-

stow, Essex.

Llewelyn, J. Talbot Dillwyn, M.A., F.L.8., Ynisgerwn, Neath.

Lloyd, Alfred, F.C.S., The Dome House, Upper Bognor,

Sussex.

Logan, R. F., Spylaw House, Colinton, near Edinburgh.

. Lowe, W. H., M.D., Woodcote Lodge, Inner Park-road,

Wimbledon Park, 8.W.

Lubbock, Sir John, Bart., D.C.L., M.P., F.R.S., Pres.L.S.,

F.G.8., &¢., High Elms, Farnborough, Kent.

Lupton, Henry, 32 Clarendon-road, Leeds.

M‘Intosh, J.

M‘Lachlan, Robert, F.R.S., F.L.8., Westview, Clarendon-

road, Lewisham, 8.E.

Marseul, L’Abbe 8. A. de, 271 Boulevard Pereire, Paris.

Marshall, Rev. Thos. Ansell, M.A.

Marshall, William, Elm Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield.

Mason, Philip Brooke, M.R.C.S., F.L.S., Burton-on-Trent.

Mathew, Gervase F., R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.8S., F.R.G.8., Instow,

North Devon.

May, John William, K.N.L., Arwndel House, Percy Cross,

Fulham-road, 8.W.

Meldola, Raphael, F.R.A.S., F.C.S., 21 John-st., Bedford,

row, W.C.

Meyrick, Edward, Ramsbury, Hungerford, Wilts.

Miles, W. H., 83 Paris-street, Palace-road, Lambeth, 8.E.

. Miskin, W. H., Brisbane, Queensland.

Monteiro, Senor Antonio Augusto de Carvatho, 72 Rua do

Alecrion, Lisbon.

Moore, Frederic, F.Z.8., A.L.8., 110 Oakfield-rd., Penge, S.E.

Miller, Albert, F.R.G.S., 1954 Junkerstrasse, Berne, Switzer-

land.

Miller, Dr. Clemens.

Murray, Lieut. H., 70th Brigade Depot, Tralee, Ireland.

Newman, Thomas P., 54 Hatton Garden, E.C.

Niceville, Lionel de, Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Nottidge, Thomas, Ashford, Kent.

Oberthiir, Charles (fils), Rennes.

Oberthiir, René, Rennes.

Oldfield, George W., M.A., 48 Beawmont-street, Devonshire-

place, W.

Olivier, Ernest, Ramillons, pres Moulins (Allier), France.

. Olliff, A. 8., 36 Mornington-road, Regent’s Park, N.W.

Ormerod, Miss Eleanor A., F.M.S., Dunster Lodge, Spring-

grove, Isleworth, W.

LIST OF MEMBERS. XV

Ormerod, Miss Georgiana, Dunster Lodge, Spring-grove,

Isleworth. W.

Osten-Sacken, Baron C. R., Wredeplatz, Heidelberg.

Owen, Sir Richard, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., M.D., F.R.S., &c.,

Sheen Lodge, Mortlake, S.W.

Parry, Major Frederick John Sidney, F.L.S., 18 Onslow-

square, 8.W.

Pascoe, Francis P., F.L.8., 1 Burlington-road, Westbourne

Park, W.

Peringuey, Louis, Rondebosch, Cape Colony.

Perkins, Vincent Robt., Wotton-wnder-Hdge, Gloucestershire.

Phipson, Arthur, 3 Gray’s Inn-square, W.C.

Pim, H. Bedford, Leaside, Kingswood-road, Upper Nor-

wood, 8.E.

Porritt, George T., F.L.8., Greenfield House, Huddersfield.

Preston, Rev. Thomas Arthur, M.A., F.L.S., The Green,

Marlborough, Wilts.

Preudhomme de Borre, Alfred (Sec., Ent. Soc. of Belgium),

19 Rue de Dublin, Ixelles, near Brussels.

Price, David, 48 West-street, Horsham, Sussex.

. Pryer, H. J. 8., Yokohama, Japan.

Puls, J. C., Place de la Calandre, Ghent.

Ramsden, Hildebrand, M.A., F.L.S., 26 Upper Bedford-place,

Russell-square, W.C.

. Ransom, Wm. Hy., M.D.,F.R.S., The Pavement, Nottingham.

Reed, Edwyn C., F.L.8., Calle Collegia, Valparaiso, Chili.

Riley, C. V., State Entomologist, United States Entomological

Commission, Washington.

Ripon, George Frederick Samuel Robinson, Marquis of, K.G.,

E.R.S., F.L.S., &e., 1 Carlton-gardens, 8.W.

Robinson, Frank Edward, Madura, South India.

Robinson-Douglas, William Douglas, F.L.S., F.R.G.S.,

Orchardton, Castle Douglas, N.B.

. Rothera, G. B., High-street Place, Nottingham.

Rothney, G. A. J., Calcutta.

Rye, Edward Caldwell, F.Z.8., Somerset Villa, Upper Rich-

mond-road, Putney, S.W.

Rylands, Thomas Glazebrook, F.L.S., F.G.S., Highfields,

Thelwall, Warrington.

Salle, Auguste, 138 Rue Guy de la Brosse, Paris.

Salvin, Osbert, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., 10 Chandos-street,

Cavendish-sq., W.; aud Hawksfold, Fernhurst, Hasle-

mere.

Saunders, Edward, F.L.8., Treasurer, St. Ann’s, Mason's

Hill, Bromley, Kent.

Saunders, G. 8., St. Stephens, Canterbury, Kent.

Saunders, Sir Sidney Smith, C.M.G., Gatestone, Central Hill,

Upper Norwood, 8.H.

Schaufuss, L. W., Ph.D., M.Imp.L.C.Acad., &¢., Dresden.

Scollick, A. J., Albion Lodge, Putney, S.W.

Scott, Sir Arthur, Bart., F.L.S., 97 Haton-square, S.W.; and

Great Barr Hall, Birmingham.

Sealy, Alfred Forbes, Cochin, South India.

Semper, George, Altona.

Sharp, David, M.B., Eecles, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.

1869

1845

1876

1882

1868

1865

1882

1874

1881

1874

1862

—s

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Shaw, A. Eland, 13 Lanhill-road, Paddington, W.

Shelley, Capt. George E., 13 Rutland Gate, W.

Shepherd, Edwin.

Sidebotham, Joseph, F.L.S., F.R.A.S., F.S.A., Hrlesdene,

Bowdon, Cheshire.

Slater, John Wm., 36 Wray-crescent, Tollington Park, N.

Smith, Frederick W., Hollywood House, Dartmouth Point,

Blackheath, Kent.

Smith, Henley Grose, 20 Finsbury Circus, E.C.

Spence, William Blundell, Florence.

Stainton, Henry Tibbats, F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.S., &e.,

Mountsfield, Lewisham, 8.E.

Stevens, John §., 88 King-street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Stevens, Samuel, F.L.S., Loanda, Beulah Hill, Upper

Norwood, 8.H.

Swanzy, Francis, Stanley House, Granville-road, Sevenoaks.

Swinton, A.H., Binfield House, Waterden-road, Guildford.

Thomson, Jas., 12 Rue de Presbowrg, Place del Etoile, Paris.

Todd, Richard, 5 Princes-terrace, Bayswater, W.

Trimen, Roland, F.R.S., F.L.S. (Curator of South African

Museum), Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.

Vaughan, Howard, 11 Ospringe-road, Brecknock-road, N.W.

Verrall, G. H., Sussex Lodge, Newmarket.

Wakefield, Charles Marcus, F.L.S., Belmont, Uxbridge.

Walker, Rev. Francis Augustus, D.D., F.L.S., 33 Bassett-road,

Notting Hill, W.

. Walker, J.J., R.N., 12 Ranelagh-rd., Marine Town, Sheerness.

Wallace, Alfred Russel, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &¢., Nutwood Cottage,

Frith Hill, Godalming.

Walsingham, Thomas de Grey, Lord, M.A., F.L.8., F.Z.S.,

&c., Haton House, Eaton-square, S.W.

Ward, Christopher, F.L.S., Savile-road, Halifax.

Waterhouse, Charles O., British Musewm, Cromwell-road,

S.W.

Waterhouse, George R., F.Z.8., &c., Curton Lodge, Disraeli-

road, Putney, 8.W.

Websdale, C. G., 78 High-street, Barnstaple.

Weir, John Jenner, F.L.S., Chirbury, Beckenham, Kent.

Western, E. Young, 27 Craven Hill Gardens, Bayswater, W.

Westwood, John Obadiah, M.A., F.L.S., &., Honorary Lire

PRESIDENT, 67 Woodstock-road, Oxford.

Weymer, Gustav, 58° Kleeblattstrasse, Elberfeld, Rhenish

Prussia.

White, F. Buchanan, M.D., F.L.8., Annat Lodge, Perth, N.B.

White, Rev. W. Farren, Stonehouse Vicarage, Gloucestershire,

Williams, W. J., Zoological Society, Hanover-square, W.

Wilson, Owen, Cwmffrwd, Carmarthen.

Wood, Theodore, 5 Selwyn-terrace, Jasper-road, Upper

Norwood, 8.E.

Wood-Mason, James, F.G.S., F.L.S. (Curator of the Indian

Museum), Calcutta.

Wormald, Percy C., 10 Cromwell-avenue, Highgate, N.

1865 §. Young, Morris, Free Musewm, Paisley.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY

DURING THE YEAR

1883.

Abeille (L’). Journal d’Entomologie, redigé par 8. A. de Marseul. Nos.

264, 266—270, 273—275. The Editor.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series I.—IV., 80 vols. Series

V., 12 vols. ; complete to December, 1883; 92 vols. 8vo.

The President, J. W. Dunning.

Arxinson (E.T.) Notes on the Zoology of the N. W. P., India. Part 2. 1882.

The Author.

Bee-keeping in India. A Collection of Papers on, 1883. Sec. of State for India.

Bere (Carl). Analecta Lepidopterologica. 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1882.

‘ The Author.

Doce Heterdémeros Nuevos de la Fauna Argentina. 8yo. Buenos

Aires, 1883. The Author.

Miscellanea Lepidopterologica. 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1883.

The Author.

Die Gattung Tolype, Hb. ihre Synonyme und Arten.

The Author.

Berrxau (Dr. Philipp). Bericht iiber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im

Gebiete der Entomologie wihrend des Jahres 1882. 8vo.

Berlin, 1882. The Author.

Braver (Dr. Friedrich). Offenes Schreiben als antwort auf Herrn Baron

Osten-Sacken’s ‘ Critical Review’ meiner Arbeit iiber die Nota-

canthen. 8vo. Wien, 1883. The Author.

BurMEIstER (Hermann). Anales del Museo Publico de Buenos Aires.

Entrega Trecena. The Author.

Canadian Entomologist (The). Edited by William Saunders. Vol. XIV.,

Nos. 10—12; and Vol. XV., Nos. 1—3, and 5—9. 8vo.

London (Ontario), 1882—83. The Editor.

Cuavporr (Baron Maximilien de). Matériaux pour servir 4 l'étude des

Féroniens. A. Sallé.

Monographie des Lebiides. A. Sallé.

Observations sur quelques genres de Carabiques avec la description

d’éspeces nouvelles. A. Sallé.

Description de nouvelles espéces de Carabiques du genre Pasimachus.

A, Sallé.

(> xvi -)

Cuauporr (Baron M. de), continued—Reévision des genres Onychopterygia,

Dicranoncus, et Colpodes. A. Sallé.

Essai monographique sur le genre Cymindis. A. Sallé.

Synonymische Bemerkungen. A, Sallé.

Note sur quelques espéces de Carabes plats du Caucase.

A. Sallé.

Genres nouveaux et espéces nouvelles de Coléoptéres de la famille

des Carabiques. F. Grut.

Tableau d’une nouvelle subdivision du genre Feronia, Dej., suivi

d’une charactéristique de trois nouveaux genres de Carabiques.

. Grut.

Description d’espéces nouvelles de Carabiques et de la tribu des

Troncatipennes. A, Sallé.

Description de genres nouveaux et d’espéces inédites de la famille

des Carabiques. A. Sallé.

Genres nouveaux et espéces inédites de la famille des Carabiques

(Troncatipennes). A. Sallé.

Monographie des Siagonides. A. Sallé.

Genres aberrants du Groupe des Cymindides. A. Sallé.

Enumération des Cicindélétes et Carabiques recueillis par M. A.

Raffray dans les iles de Zanzibar, &c. A. Sallé.

Catalogue des Cicindélétes et des Carabiques recueillis par M. A.

Raffray en Abyssinie. A. Sallé.

Supplément a l’essai sur les Feroniens de l’Australie publié dans le

Bulletin des Naturalistes de Moscou. A, Sallé.

Les Harpaliens de l’Australie d’aprés la collection de M. le Comte

de Castelnau et la mienne. A. Sallé.

Monographie des Chléniens. : A. Sallé.

Monographie des Scaritides. Parties 1 et 2. A. Sallé.

Monographie des Callidides. A. Sallé.

Essai monographique sur le Groupe des Pogonides. 4. Sallé.

Notes et Additions au Mémoire de M. Reed sur les Carabiques du

Chili. 1lére partie. A. Sallé.

Monographie des Brachynides. A. Sallé.

Monographie des Oodides. Parties 1 et 2 (posthume), redigé par

A. Sallé. A. Sallé.

Cistula Entomologica. Pars XXVII. Purchased.

Distant (W. L.) Rhopalocera Malayana. PartsIV.& V. Purchased.

Doxtrovrorr (Wladimir). Revue Mensuelle d’Entomologie redigée par W. D

8vo. St. Petersburg, 1883. The Editor.

Dyrr (W. T. Thiselton). Report of the International Phylloxera Congress of

Bordeaux at the Congress of the Governments of N.S. Wales,

S. Australia, and Victoria.

The Directors of the Royal Gardens, Kew.

Entomologist (The). 8vo. London, 1883. T. P. Newman.

Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine (The). 8vo. London, 1883.

The Editors.

( =x )

Ericuson (W. F.) &c. Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Coleop-

tera. 6 Band. Purchased.

Hacen (Dr. H. A.) Contributions from the Northern Transcontinental Sur-

vey. The Genus Colias. 1882. The Author.

Horn (George H.), M.D. Revision of the Species of some genera of

Buprestide. The Author.

Synopsis of the Species of the Tribe Lebiini. The Author.

Jacoss (Dr.) On the presence of Gistridean and Muscidean Larve in the

Human Body. Translated, with References and Remarks, by

Professor Cobbold, M.D. The Translator.

Journal of Science. Nos. 109—120. The Editor.

Kirpy (W. F.) On a Small Collection of Hymenoptera and Di

Timor Laut Isla

LasounBene (A.) et P. Mzanry. Mémoire sur les Argas de Perse.

The Authors.

Lane (Henry C.), M.D. The Butterflies of Europe. Parts XI.—XYV.

The Author.

LeConte (John L.) and G. H. Horn, M.D. Classification of the Coleoptera.

The Smithsonian Institution.

LicHTENSTEIN (Jules). De V'Evolution Biologique des Pucerons en général et

du Phylloxera. 1883. The Author.

Lettre 4 M. le Directeur de Messager Agricole. 1883. (Le Puceron),

The Author.

LintNER (J. A.) First Annual Report of the Injurious and other Insects of

the State of New York. The Author.

Lussock (Sir John), Bart. On the sense of Colour among some of the Lower

Animals. Part 2. 1883. The Author.

Observations on Ants, Bees, and Wasps. Part1. The Author.

McLacutan (Robert). Remarks on certain Psocide, chiefly British. 1883.

The Author.

Neuroptera of the Hawaiian Islands. 1883. The Author.

Two new species of Anax, with Notes on the Dragon-flies of the

same genus. 1883. The Author.

Madras. Administration of the Government Central Museum of Madras for

the year 1882—3. Madras Government.

Mavricx (Charles). Les Insectes Fossiles spécialement d’aprés les travaux

dc Samuel Scudder. Lille, 1882. The Author.

Maver (Paul). Zoologischer Jahresbericht fiir 1881. Leipzig.

The Author.

Méenrn (Pierre). Mémoire sur les Cheylitides Parasites. The Author.

De la Caducité des Crochets et du Scolex lui-méme chez les Ténias.

The Author.

Note sur le Développement du Tricuspidaria nodulosa, Rud., ou

Trienophorus nodulosus, Rud. The Author.

Sur une nouvelle forme de Ver vésiculaire, The Author,

( xx )

/ . . . .

Meenrn (Pierre), continued—Les Acariens Parasites du Tissu cellulaire et des

Réservoirs Aériens chez les Oiseaux. The Author.

Anchylostomes et Dochmies. The Author.

Sur de petits Helminthes Agames Enkystés qui peuvent étre con-

fondus et qui l’ont été avec la Trichina spiralis. Owen.

The Author.

On the Gapes Disease in Gallinaceous Birds, and on the Parasite

which causes the Disease (Syngamus trachealis, Siebold), the

Red Worm of Gamekeepers. [Prize Essay.] Lord Walsingham.

Mexpora (Raphael). Darwin and Modern Evolution. The Author.

Moors (Frederic). The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. Parts 6 & 7.

The Ceylon Government.

Natural History of Hastings and St. Leonards. E. A. Butler.

Naturalist (The). See ‘ SocreTres (HUDDERSFIELD).”

Nature. Nos. 684—735. The Publishers.

Norton (Edward). Catalogue of the Tenthredinide and Uroceride of North

America. 1867—69. E. C. Rye.

Ormerop (Eleanor A.) Report of Observations of Injurious Insects during

the year 1882; with Methods of Prevention and Remedy, and

Special Report on Wireworm. The Author.

Orveta (Domingo de), Luis Herepra, &c. La Phylloxera vastatrix en la

Provincia de Malaga. Malaga, 1882. The Author.

Owen (Professor). Aspects of the Body in Vertebrata and Invertebrata.

The Author.

Packarp (A. 8.), jun., M.D. On the Genealogy of Insects. The Author.

Note on a Peripatus from the Isthmus of Panama. The Author.

The Coxal Glands of Arachnida and Crustacea. The Author.

On the Classification of the Linnean Orders of Orthoptera and -

Neuroptera. The Author.

PREUDHOMME DE Borre (A.) Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la

Province de Namur. Coléoptéres- 2éme Centurie.

The Author.

Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province du Brabant.

Coléoptéres. 3éme Centurie. The Author.

Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province de Liége.

Coléoptéres. 3éme Centurie. The Author.

Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province de Lim-

bourg. Coléoptéres. 2éme Centurie. The Author.

Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province de Luxem-

bourg (Belge). Coleoptéres. The Author,

Liste des Mantides du Musée Royale d’histoire naturelle de Belgique.

The Author.

Purtsrys (Jules). Notice Necrologique sur J. P., par A. Preadhomme de Borre.

The Author.

( (xxi _)

Riney (Charles V.) Report of the Entomologist for the Fiscal Year, 1882.

The Author.

General Notes on Entomology. The Author.

SauuBerG (John). Bidrag till det Nordenfjeldske Norges Insektfauna. 1880.

The Author.

Sars (G. 0.) Carcinologiska Bidrag til Norges Fauna. I. Monographi over

de ved Norges Kyster forekommende Mysider. Tredie Hefte.

The Author.

Scunerper (J. Sparre). Bidrag til Kundskaben om Norges Lepidopterfauna.

The Author.

Oversigt over dei Nedenaes amt bemerkede Lepidoptera. 1882.

The Author.

En Notits om Sélvkveiten (Trachypterus arcticus). 1882.

The Author.

Entomologiska Underségelser i Sondre Bergenhus Amt.

The Author.

ScHoyen (W. M.) Om nogle for Norges og tildels ogsaa for Skandinaviens

Fauna nye Lepidoptera. 1881. The Author.

Bemerkninger til H. Siebke’s Enumeratio Insectorum Norvyegicorum.

Fasc. V., Pars. 1. (Hymenoptera Phytophaga et Aculeata),

edidit J. Sparre Schneider. The Author.

ScuppEr (Samuel). The Carboniferous Hexapod Insects of Great Britain.

The Author.

The Tertiary Lake Basin at Florissant, Colorado. The Author.

The Pine Moth of Nantucket (Retinia frustrana). The Author.

Older Fossil Insects of the Mississippi. The Author.

Senys-Lonecuampes (E. de). Sur la Distribution des Insectes Odonates en

Afrique. The Author.

Synopsis des Hischnines. lére partie. 1883. The Author.

Les Odonates du Japon. 1883. The Author.

Note sur le genre Gomphomacromia, Brauer. The Author.

Snarp (David) A Memoir on Aquatic Carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscida.

4to. Dublin, 1883. The Royal Dublin Society.

Sresxe (H.) Enumeratio Insectorum Norvegicorum. Fasc. V. Catalogum

Hymenopterorum continentem. Auctore H. Siebke defuncto

fedidit J. Sparre Schneider). The Editor.

ania (V.) Groupe des Cydnides. Parties 7—10. The Author.

Societies (Transactions of Learned) :—

(ADELAIDE). Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Royal

Society of Adelaide. Vols. IV. & V. 1881—82. The Society.

(Bertin) Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 27 Jahrg. 1 & 2 Heft.

Dr. Kraatz.

(Boston). Memoir of the Boston Society of Natural History. Parts 4 & 5.

The Society.

- Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. XXI.,

Parts 2 & 3. The Society.

Quarterly Journal of the Boston Zoological Society. Vol. IL,

Nos. 2 & 3. The Society.

(. wedi)

Societies (Transactions of Learned) :—

(Brinn). Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereins in Briinn.

XXI Band, 1& 2 Heft. 1882. The Society.

(Brussets). Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. Tome

XXVI. The Society.

Mémoires de l’Académie Royal des Sciences des Lettres et des Beaux

Arts de Belgique. T. XLIII., 2de Partie, & T. XLIV. ;

The Academy.

Bulletin de l’Académie Royale. 3éme Serie. T.I.—V. 1881—83.

The Academy.

Annuaires de l’Académie Royale. 1882—83. The Academy.

(Buckuurst Hint). Transactions of the Essex Field Club. Vol. III,

lee The Club.

Papers and Memorials issued by the Essex Field Club, on the

Protection of Wild Animals and Plants and the condition

of Epping Forest. The Club.

(Buenos Ayres). Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en

Cordoba (Rep. Arg.) Tomo V. Entrega 3. The Academy.

(Burrato). Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Science. Vol. IV.

No. 3. The Society.

(CampripGe, Mass., U.S.A.) Annual Report of the Museum of Com-

parative Zoology at Harvard College. 1881—82.

The Museum.

(Care Town). Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.

Vol. II., Part 3. 1880—81. The Society.

(Davenport, Iowa, U.S.A.) Proceedings of the Davenport Academy

of Natural Sciences. Vol. III., Parts 1&2. The Academy.

(Geneva). Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’histoire naturelle de

Genéve. T. XXVIII. 1eére partie. The Society.

(Guascow). Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Glasgow.

V., Parts 1 & 2. The Society.

(Hacux). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 24 Deel, Aflevering 1—4 &

26 Deel, Aflevering 1 & 2. The Society.

(Huppersrietp). The Naturalist: Journal of the Yorkshire Naturalists’

Union. Nos. 90—101. The Union.

(Leeps). The Transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union.

Parts 4, 5 & 6. The Editor.

(Lonpon). Proceedings of the Royal Society. Nos. 222—226.

The Society.

Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology). Vol. II.,

Pt. 6. The Society.

Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology). Nos. 96—

101. The Society.

Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Nov. 1880 to June

The Society.

Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society

of London for the year 1882. Pt. 4, and 1883, Pts. 1—3.

The Society.

Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Vol. II., Pt. 6;

Vol. III., Pts. 1—5. The Society.

( =zin )

Societies (Transactions of Learned) :—

Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Society. Ser. II., Vol. I.

Nos. 4—6. The Society.

Catalogue of Books in the Library of the Quekett Microscopical

Club. The Society.

Report of the South London Entomological Society for the year

1882. The Society.

Fifth Annual Report of the Dulwich College Science Society for

1882. The Society.

(Lions). Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. Année 1882.

T. XXIX. The Society.

(Maprip). Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia. Tomo IL.,

Guadermo 6. 1883. The Academy.

(Oporto). Revista da Sociedade de Instruccao do Porto. Nos. 11 & 12

de 1882, and Nos. 1—7 de 1883. The Society.

(Parts). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 1881 & 1882.

The Society.

(PertH). Proceedings of the Perthshire Society of Natural Science.

Debus: The Society.

(PutmapELPHis). Transactions of the American Entomological Society.

Vols. IX. & X., No. 1. The Society.

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

1876—1882 & 1883, Pt. 1. The Academy.

(Rio Janetro). Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Vol. IV.

(Summario) & Vol. V. The Museum.

(St. Peterspure). Hore Societatis Entomologice Rossice. T. XVI.

The Society.

Transactions of the Russian Entomological Society. Vols. XI. &

The Society.

(ScHAFFHAUSEN). Mittheilungen des Schweizerischen Entomologischen

Gesellschaft. VI., Heft No. 7. The Society.

(StEertin). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 44 Jahrg., 4 & 9.

The Society.

(SypnEy). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.

Vol. VII., Parts 3 & 4; Vol. VIII, Part 1. The Society.

Report of the Trustees of the Australian Museum of N. S. Wales.

The Museum.

(Toronto). Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario for 1882.

The Society.

General Index to the Thirteen Annual Reports of the Entomological

Society of Ontario. 1870—1882. By Edmund Baynes Reed.

The Society.

Proceedings of the Canadian Institute of Toronto, being a Con-

tinuation of the ‘‘Canadian Journal” of Science, Literature

and History. Vol. I., Fasc. No. 3. 1882. The Editor.

(Tovtousr). Bulletin de la Société d’histoire naturelle de Toulouse.

15—16 années. The Society.

(Vienna). Verhandlungen der k. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft

in Wien.—XXXII. Band. The Society.

( =xxiv' )

Societies (Transactions of Learned) :—

Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 1 Jahrg., Heft 11—12; 2 Jahrg.

Heft 1—11. Purchased.

(Warwick). Proceedings of the Warwickshire Field Club. 1882.

The Club.

(Wasuineton). Smithsonian Report. 1881 (Arthropods.)

The Institution.

Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Vols. 22 to 27.

The Institution.

(Watrorp & Hertrorp). Transactions of the Hertfordshire Natural

History Society, Vol. Il., Pts. 1—2. The Society.

(WeuLINeToNn, N.Z.) Transactions and Proceedings of the N. Zealand

Institute. Vols. XIV. & XV. 1881—82. The Institute.

Wattty (Alfred). Silk-producing Bombyces reared in 1882. The Author.

WatxeER (Rev. F. A.) L’Orient, or a Journal of my Tour in the East.

The Author.

WALLENGREN (H. D.J.) Ett forsék att bestiimma en del af de utaf H. Strom

beskrifna Norska Insekter. 1880. The Author.

WaterHouse (C. O.) and Epwin Wison. Aid to the Identification of Insects.

Purchased.

Westwoop (J. O.) Metabele Land and the Victoria Falls. Letters and

Journals of the late Frank Oates. Appendix 4. Entomology.

1882. The Author.

Description of some New Exotic Coleoptera. 1883. The Author.

Two new species of the Coleopterous Genus Acanthocerus described.

The Author.

Wuirte (F. Buchanan), M.D. Report on the Pelagic Hemiptera of the Voyage

of H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’ 4to. London,1883. The Author.

Woop-Mason (J.) Notes on the Structure, Post-embryonic Development and

Systematic position of Scolopendrella. 1883. The Author.

ZootocicaL Recorp (The). Vol. XVIII. for 1881. Purchased.

Zoouocist (The) for 1883. T. P. Newman.

)

THE

TRANSACTIONS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON

FOR THE YEAR 1883.

I. Descriptions of three new genera and species of fig

insects allied to Blastophaga from Calcutta, Australia,

and Madagascar; with notes on their parasites and

on the affinities of the respective races. By Sir SipNEY

S. Saunpers, C.M.G.

[Read September 6th, 1882. |

Puates I.—III.

Somr time back Mr. Wood-Mason, on his return to India

from this country, forwarded to me a small bottle con-

taining about a dozen diminutive figs of Ficus Indica,

which he had gathered in the Botanical Gardens at

Calcutta on the 15th of May, accompanied by a glass

tube wherein he had also plunged numerous minute

insects which he had found in some of the same figs.

Many of these figs, as he observed, had a large hole at

the apex, made, as he conceived, by an obese grub,

whereof specimens were also sent, one of these being

found ‘‘in almost every receptacle.” Such apertures,

however, are usually effected by the inmates as the

ordinary means of egress; and the presence of these

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) B

2 Sir §. 8. Saunders’ descriptions

apod grubs, which could not have operated from without,

would seem to be rather attributable to some later

intruder haying penetrated by such orifice into the fig to

deposit her ova. In many instances the winged species

of the fig-insects ‘‘issued from the mouth of the recep-

tacle in a cloud the moment they felt the pressure exerted

in pulling off the fig,’ which explains the absence of

some of the sexes; although others, in a less advanced

stage of development, were arrested when in the act of

emerging from the seed-vessels wherein they had been

nurtured. A large number of apterous individuals of

different species, among which some approximating to

those fancifully designated by Walker as ‘‘a working

class’ or “‘neuters ?,” pervaded the interior of these

figs, many of these being more or less mutilated, and,

as Mr. Wood-Mason remarks, ‘‘even the tips of the

mandibles are often found bitten off.” A similar result

has been noticed in the males of Sycophaga, which never

quit the fig, but are found dead within before the females

are ready to emerge from the seed-vessels, impregnation

having apparently been effected, as in Blastophaga, while

they are still retained within the pericarp, after which

period the females would seem to be unapproachable by

these blind rovers. One of these male Blastophage,

penetrating a seed-vessel containing the female, has been

recently figured by Prof. Westwood in our ‘ Transactions ’

(1882, pl. iv., fig. 31); and in the ‘ Proceedings’ of the

Holmesdale Natural History Club of Reigate and Red

Hill for 1880 (p. 48), presented to our Library, I have

recorded some further observations thereon ; but in the

Australian species, hereinafter adverted to, fecundation

is not limited to this early period (vide diagnosin).

The germ-feeders found in the Ficus Indica essentially

differ from those of the European fauna, the serrate

mandibular appendages of the female being of a more

complex and elaborate character; the 11-serrate spatu-

late process attached to the base of the mandibles having

also a rigid exarticulate lobe laterally appended thereto

and free beyond its basal attachment, extending to about

three-fourths of the length of the former, furnished with

seven stout elongate teeth, as shown in Plate L., figs.

10 to 18. The antenne in this sex are also very remark-

able, the five terminal joints being distinctly separated

from each other, the 8th to the 11th cyathiform, sur-

rounded by a compact mass of recumbent sete forming

of new Fig-Insects. 3

a coronated apex; the 8th joint is considerably larger

than the rest, which are nearly co-equal with each other,

and the conical 12th is nearly concealed within its over-

lapping garniture. These large ornate joints, together

with the small 5th, 6th, and 7th (the 5th being very

minute) are cerulescent, the four basal joints contrasting

therewith as pale yellow; of these the scape is elongate-

oval, the 2nd joint longer than broad and internally

curvate, the 8rd short and transverse, and the 4th pyro-

jecting externally and constituting an acute elongate

spine, the minute 5th joint being inserted at its imner

base. (Plate I., fig. 14).

The veining of the fore wing is also very peculiar, the

ordinary deflexed cubitus being entirely absent on the

disc, the post-costal vein diverging from the costa and

terminating towards the middle of the anterior margin,

but apart therefrom, in an elongate clava having a beak-

shaped apex, with a hair-like prolongation traceable far

in advance. The posterior margin of the wing is obliquely

deflected in a straight line from the base to about the

middle, beyond which it is delicately fimbriated to the

apex. The disc is smooth, with a series of fine striz

beyond its centre. The hind wing is subacuminate at

the apex, emarginate behind at its base, with the costa

and post-costal vein forming together a strong arcuate

belt extending to about half the length of the basal

curve, and having an oblique prolongation, less defined,

up to the marginal centre where uniting with the fore

wing by three hooklets.

The head of the female is elongate-oval, with the

usual longitudinal furrow above, and having a prominent

recurvate horn at the base. (Plate I., fig. 5). The

thorax is of the same width as the head and rather

longer ; the fore legs are small, with the femora slightly

distended, short curvate tibie, and long tarsi; the middle

legs are long and slender, and the hind legs have short

femora, broad at the base and narrow at the apex; the

tibie are very short, narrow at the base, and broadly

truncate at the apex; the tarsi very elongate ; all being

five-jointed. The abdomen is about the same length and

width as the head; the ovipositor slender and flexible,

about twice the length of the abdomen, and its sheaths,

when apart therefrom, are usually spirally curled.

The apterous male has a small head, rather broader

than long, with black subrotundate macule in the position

4 Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions

of the eyes, small trigonate bidentate mandibles, and

short fleshy four-jointed antenne, porrected in front ; the

1st joint small and trigonate, recurved at the base; the

2nd larger and subovate; the 8rd shorter, its basal

moiety contracted and curved; and the terminal joint

oblong, tumid and setose at the apex. It may be

readily distinguished from all others by its elongate,

straight, anterior femora, as long as the prothorax,. and

closely pressed against its sides, with very diminutive

broad crenated tibiez, compressed five-jointed tarsi, and

stout claws. The pronotum is very large and scudiform,

the mesonotum short and transverse, and the metanotum

narrower and rounded behind. The middle pair of legs

(which are very long and slender in Blastophaga) are

rather shorter than the others, with the femora sub-

globose, the hind tibie short and straight, and their

tarsi, like those of the posterior pair, having five well-

developed joints nearly equal in length, with moderate

claws and long pulvilli. The coxe and femora of the

hind legs are very robust; the tarsi shorter than the

middle pair, subtrigonate, and very broad at the apex,

obliquely truncate, and armed with several stout spines ;

the claws rather larger than those of the imtermediate

tarsi, and internally dilated.

I propose to designate this very remarkable genus and

species bythe name of Hupristina masoni, as distinguished

from all others by the wing-veins, and by the duplex .

character of the serrate mandibular appendages in the

female, as well as by the peculiar structure of the fore

legs in the male. ‘The practical application of the

additional lobe attached to the base of the serrate

spatule, furnished with a collateral series of long teeth,

may seem scarcely intelligible, although the action of

the former is sufficiently obvious while the females are

seen working their way out of the pericarps, swaying

their heads to and fro to effect their emancipation. When,

however, the fig is laid open, the seed-vessels, deprived

of their usual moisture, soon assume a pergameneous

consistency, retaining the hapless inmates by the

thoracical region unless fresh moisture be freely applied.

This difficulty may not unfrequently occur in a warm

temperature, when the lateral lobe may be available as

an additional aid to prevent the sides of the aperture

‘from prematurely closing, and enable the serrate process

to operate more freely and efficaciously by such double

action.

of new Fig-Insects. 5

EupRISTINA,* n. g.

Mas apterus. Caput transverso-ovale. Oculi maculis

subrotundis nigris indicati. Antenne breves, glabre 4-

articulate ; articulo Imo parvo, subtrigono ; 2do triplo

majore, basi latiore externe rotundato ; 3tio brevi, dimidio

basali constricto, curvato ; 4to tumido, ovato, apice setis

brevibus instructo. Mandibule subtrigone, parve, bi-

dentate. Palpi obsoleti. Thorax gibbus, capite dimidio

latior; pronoto magno, scudiformi; mesonoto brevi,

transverso, lateribus rotundatis ; metanoto semicireolari.

Pedes antici femoribus valde elongatis, rectis, lateribus

parallelis, apice truncatis, basi constrictis, ad pro-

notum proximis longe porrectis; coxis oblongis, latis,

disco compressis, concavis, apice oblique auriculatis,

acutis ; tibiis latis, brevissimis, latere crenatis, apice bi-

lobatis; tarsis parvis, robustis, 5-articulatis, articulis

brevissimis, arctissime conjunctis, unguibus majusculis ;

intermedii femoribus parvis, inflatis; tibius brevibus,

curvatis, apice dilatatis, spinosis ; tarsis elongatulis, 5-

articulatis, articulis equalibus, tenuibus, unguibus par-

vis ; postict majores, femoribus longioribus, crassioribus ;

tibiis subtrigonis, apice externe uncinnatis ; tarsis medi-

ocribus, 5-articulatis, articulis equalibus, unguibus mag-

nis. Abdomen elongatum, segmentis basalibus quatuor

ventricosis, reliquis tribus seepe subtus deflexis vel intus

retractis, tubum elongatum efficientibus; genitalium

apice haud rarius ultra caput subtus porrecto.

Femina alata. Caput vix longius quam latum, pos-

tice paullo latius, disco in longum fossulatum, lateribus

prominulis, antice transverse canaliculatis. Oculi mag-,

ni, ovales. Ocelliinconspicui. Mandibule satis magne,

basi late, apice bidentate; spatula basali elongata,

exarticulata, subter capite retro producta, striata, striis

in dentibus fere 11 acutis latere interno productis ;

cujus ad basin lobo angusto, elongato, rigido, exarticu-

lato, proximo sed diviso, latere interno affixo, hoc

dentibus 7 instructo; his et ills duplici serie simul

oblique distinguendis. Clypeus marginis medio in

angulum deflexum productus. Mentuwm profunde situm,

basin versus processu frondiformi utrinque usque ad

apicem producto. Labiwn elongatulum, tenue, palpis

eracillimis. Mazille biarticulate, articulis elongatis,

\ : A

- mprcTns, Qui serra secat,

6 Sir 8. 8. Saunders’ descriptions

basali tumido, apicali tenui. Antenne capite fere duplo

longiores, 12-articulate ; scapo magno subovali, articulo

2do oblongo, sinuoso; 8tio brevi, transverso; 4to in

spinam acutam externe producto; 5to minimo; 6to et

7mo angustis, parvis; 8vo maximo, cyathiformi, setis

densisrecumbentibus antice productis vestito ; 9n0o—11mo

preecedenti similibus sed minoribus, comqualibus ; extimo

setis obtecto, conico. Thorax capitis latitudine, dimidio

longior ; pronoto scudiformi, angulis anticis rotundatis ;

mesonoto subquadrato, metanoto angustiore, postice

rotundato. Ale antice late, postice basi usque marginis

mediam oblique truncate, deinde usque apicem ciliate,

disco glabro; costa abbreviata, vena postcostali in-

spissata, a margine late divergente, parum arcuata,

longitudinis ale ante mediam in clavam elongatam

acuminatam recte producta, antice margini propinque

tenuissime prolongata ; vena deflexa cubitalis deest : al@

postice subacuminate, postice basi emarginate, margine

fimbriate ; costa cum vena postcostali coalitis arcuatis,

basi validis ; hee marginis medio setis brevibus tribus

deflexis apice instructa. Pedes, tarsis omnibus 5-articu-

latis, pulvillis valde productis ; antici parvi, coxis sub-

ovalibus, temoribus superne arcuatis, subtus rectis;

tibiis brevibus, curvatis, apice dilatatis, spinosis ; tarsis

longioribus, articulis subeequalibus, unguibus majusculis,

tenuibus ; intermedii longi, tenui, coxis transverse dila-

tatis; femoribus brevibus, parum inflatis, basi con-

strictis; tibiis elongatis, subrectis, basi tenuioribus,

apice angulo interno in spinam tenuem producto ; tarsis

elongatulis, articulo basali paulo longiore, unguibus

parvis, gracilibus; postici coxis magnis, femoribus

brevibus, basi valde dilatatis ; tibiis robustis, brevioribus,

basi tenuibus, apice recte truncatis, angulo interno

uncinnatis ; tarsis valde elongatis, articulo basali cur-

vato, longiore, reliquis subzqualibus, unguibus majus-

culis, interne dilatatis. Abdomen ovale, thorace brevius ;

oviductu gracillimo, flexili, abdomine duplo longiore,

vyaginis tenuissimis sepe in spiram flexis.

Eupristina masont, Nn. 8.

Mas testaceus, antennis pallide flavis, pronoti disco

vitta ovali circumsignato, abdomine albido. Femina

capite (basi excepto) pedibusque pallide flavis ; antennis

articulis 4or basalibus (nonnullis d5toque) flavis, reliquis

of new Fig-Insects. 4

cerulescentibus ; capitis basi thoraceque viridibus ; alis

hyalinis, glabris, costa basi picea, vena postcostali lutea ;

abdomine nitido, piceo, basi plus minusyve testaceo. Long.

corp.—mas, 14 mm.; femina, 13 mm. Exp. alar.

24+ mm.

Hab. In grossis Ficus Indice e germinibus Maize

Idus exeuntes horto botanico Caleutte. Dom. J. Wood-

Mason cum ficubus ipsis amicissime communiecavit.

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz, et nostro.

Note.-—The measurements in the males of this and

the two following species are exclusive of the retractile

abdominal segments after the 4th. The relative length

of the ovipositor in the females is computed from the

apex of the abdomen, exclusive of its subjacent and

more or less internally concealed basal portion.

I have also recently received from New South Wales

both sexes of another remarkable species allied to

Blastophaga, the ovipositor, however, being as long as the

abdomen, and the mandibles of the female, together

with their serrate appendages, being furnished with

about thirty sharp teeth, forming one continuous saw

from end to end, thus constituting a most effective im-

plement, whose structure may favourably compare with

any in use at the present day; the faleate mandible

representing the ordinary curvate handle, and the four

following teeth appertaining to the broad base of the

saw, the residue (twenty-six) being on the inner margin of

the transverse strie of the appendage. (Plate II., fig. 25).

The antenne of the female are also peculiar. The

scape is distended and suboval; the 2nd joint short and

as broad as long, the 8rd joint forming the usual spinose

projection, though short and subtrigonate; the 4th is

longer than broad, but small; the two following joints

are compressed and longitudinally striated, equal in

size, with the sides parallel, and truncate at the base

and apex; the 7th and 8th are shorter and somewhat

eyathiform ; the last three (9th to 11th) forming an

elongate fusiform clava.

The head is very large, much compressed, twice as long

as broad, the sides parallel and rounded at the base,

with a very short terminal horn. The thorax is about

the same length as the head; the prothorax narrow in

front and subtrigonate, the apex being attached below

8 Sir S. S. Saunders’ descriptions

the base of the former, which is frequently deflected at

right angles therewith ; the mesothorax and metuthorax

are gibbous and as wide as the head. The fore wings

have the cubital vein projected almost at aright angle on

the disc, having a wedge-shaped clava pointing towards

the outer margin, the disc being clothed with short

recumbent sete, and the margin fimbriated around.

The hind wings have the costa and post-costal vein

robust at the base and strongly arcuate, with a slight

prolongation to a central marginal tubercle bearing two

or three hooklets, the margin being fimbriated all

round. The anterior and posterior legs are shorter than

the intermediate pair, which are slender and elongate ;

the femora and tibie of the former are curvate, and

those of the latter more robust, all the tarsi being elon-

gate. The ovipositor is slender and curvate, slightly

exceeding the length of the abdomen.

The apterous male has a small rotundate fuscous head,

contrasting with the thorax, abdomen, and legs, which

are fleshy white. It has seven-jointed antenne projecting

in front, and turned laterally after the 3rd joint. The

basal joint is small and oblong, the 2nd large and sub-

ovate, the 8rd as long as the three following, which

are small and compact, and the terminal joint is tumid

and subglobose. (Plate II., fig. 20).

The foregoing characters will readily serve to discrimi-

nate this new genus and species, for which I propose the

name of Pleistodontes imperialis, in allusion to the multi-

serrate mandibular appendages of the female.

PLEISTODONTES, 0. g.

Mas apterus. Corpus angustum, elongatum, molle.

Caput parvum, subsphericum, antice truncatum. Oculi

parvi, rotundi. Clypeus pone antennas in longum

canaliculatus, spina intermedia elongata, acuta, basi

antice porrecta. (Tab. II., fig. 21). Mandibule parve,

subfaleate, apice bidentate ; processibus duobus brevi-

bus, apice transverse dilatatis, conjunctis, inter mandi-

bulas porrectis. (Tab. II., fig. 22). Antenne elongate,

clabre, 7-articulate ; articulo 1mo parvo, oblongo, apice

latiore; 2do maegno, basi rotundato, apice truncato,

longitudine latitudinem dimidio excedente; 8tio elon-

cato, curvato, tribus sequentibus semel longiore; his

brevibus, transversis, arcte conjunctis; extimo (7mo)

of new Fig-Insects. 9

tumido, magno, apice setis brevibus instructo. Thorax

capite dimidio longior, antice capitis latitudine ; pronoto

elongato, postice vix latiore, truncato, lateribus rectis ;

mesonoto brevi, transverso ; metanoto longiore, postice

rotundato. Pedes antici robusti, coxis subquadratis,

angulis rotundatis ; femoribus basi valde dilatatis, apice

sensim angustioribus ; tibiis brevibus, curvatis, 5-articu-

latis, articulis compressis; unguibus validis. Pedes

intermedii graciliores, coxis parvis, transversis ; femori-

bus oblongis ; tibiis elongatis, basi angustis, apice sensim

sed parum dilatatis, inermibus ; tarsis elongatis, 5-articu-

latis, articulis cozequalibus ; unguibus elongatis, parum

incurvis; pedes postici, coxis magnis, subrotundis ;

femoribus ovatis ; tibiis brevibus, basi constrictis, apice

latis, truncatis, angulo interno biuncinnatis; tarsis

robustioribus, 5-articulatis ; unguibus validis, pulvillis

dilatatis. Abdomen elongatum, segmentis basalibus

paullo inflatis, reliquis sensim angustioribus, infra

recurvis.

Femina alata. Caput maximum, elongatum, com-

pressum, lateribus subparallelis, postice rotundatum,

angulis anticis prominulis, disco in longum canali-

culato. Oculi ovales, prominuli, basi propinque siti.

Mandibule majuscule, basi subquadrate, transverse

striate, apice falcate, acute, latere interno basi 4-

serrate, appendice basali longissima, multiserrata, trans-

verse striata, dentibus fere 26 margine interno instructa.

Ocelli invisi. Antenne 11-articulate, clavate, capite

paullo longiores, prope marginem anticum fossule in-

serte ; scapo elongato, subovali, basi apiceque attenuato ;

articulo 2do brevi, lateribus rotundatis, 3tio in spinam

subtrigonam externe producto; 4to parvo, elongato;

reliquis majoribus, in longum rugose striatis ; 5to et 6to

compressis, lateribus subparallelis, basi apiceque trun-

catis ; 7mo et 8vo brevioribus, sensim latioribus ; ultimis

tribus (scilicet 9no—11mo) clavam fusiformem constitu-

entibus. Thorax elongatus, capitis latitudine, lateribus

subrectis ; pronoto parvo, antice truncato, angulis pos-

tice productis ; mesonoto brevi, transverso ; metanoto

longiori, postice rotundato. Ale antice late, vena post-

costali basi cum costa coalita, postea in disco arcuata,

apice ad marginem conjuncta ; vena cubitali in rectan-

gulum breviter deflexa, apice clava subtrigona acuta

latere externo producta: postice anguste, elongate, basi

constricte, vena postcostali, cum costa breviter coalita,

10 Sir S. S. Saunders’ descriptions

valida, arcuata, apice, marginis mediam versus,

setis duabus tribusve brevibus, in angulum deflexis, in-

structa ; alarum ambarum disco setis brevibus sparsim

induto, marginibus gracillime fimbriatis. Pedes tarsis

omnibus 5-articulatis ; antici, coxis parvis, subquadratis ;

femoribus brevibus inflatis; tibiis elongatis, robustis,

basi apiceque constrictis, imermibus ; tarsis ungul-

busque parvis ; pedes inter medii longi, coxis parvis, trans-

versis ; femoribus parum inflatis ; tibiis, tarsisque, elon-

gatis, gracillimis, unguibus subrectis : peces postici breves,

coxis subquadratis ; femoribus robustis apice constrictis ;

tibiis brevissimis, subtrigonis, apice latis, truncatis,

spina acuta elongata angulo interno armatis ; tarsis

robustioribus, articulo basali longiore, curvato ; ungui-

bus parvis, pulvillis dilatatis. Abdomen elongatum, basi

thoracis latitudine, apice sensim attenuatum ; oviductu

eracili, curvato, abdominis fere longitudine.

Pleistodontes imperialis, n. 8.

Mas capite saturate fusco; antennis, thorace, pedi-

busque pallide stramineis ; abdomine albido. Famina

omnino nigra, alis cineriis. Long. corp.—mas, 14mm. ;

femina, 12mm. Exp. alar. 3 mm.

Hab. Australasia, Ficus macrophylle grossis, Ficus

Australis quoque; ab his mense Junio, illisve mense

Februario, emergentes. Mares cum feminis copula

conjunctos in ficus pulpa liberos bis inveni.

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie, et nostro.

The species of Ficus from which these germ-feeders

were obtained is described as having a long dark shining

leaf, like that of the laurel, commonly known locally as

the Moreton Bay fig-tree, growing wild in the mountainous

regions, but introduced as an ornamental tree in gardens

at Sydney. The insects were ready to emerge early in

February, when, on opening some of these figs, many of

their inmates flew out. Numerous specimens of a black

species of Jdarnes (all females) with a tubiform pro-

longation of the abdomen, allied to J. transiens, WIk.,

were also found therewith, together with other parasitic

TAaces.

Those appertaining to this category, which were

obtained from the figs of Ficus Indica, will be described

by Professor Westwood in treating of Walker’s types of

of new Fig-Insects. bt

like origin. Some of the apterous species are furnished

with rudimentary alary appendages, consisting of a long

filamentary multiarticulate process emanating from the

mesonotum on either side, and coiling about among the

legs. These, as well as a large-headed species having

rudimentary wings of a different character, were in some

few instances extracted from closed pericarps, distended,

in the latter case, to larger dimensions, where they were

doubtless parasitic on the original occupants of these

abodes; the co-existence of a well-defined germ-feeding

community having now been detected, which must have

already quitted the figs of the same species of Ficus

from which Walker’s specimens were obtained. Hence

it follows that whensoever the primary inmates of these

seed-vessels have been duly determined by structural

affinities, all divergent races found in those recesses

must be regarded, primd facie, unless otherwise authenti-

cated, as hostile intruders which have only obtained such

a habitaculum for their offspring when rendered avail-

able by the agency of their victims, in whose bodies

oviposition has been effected while yet immature and

incarcerated within. Casual visitants, which deposit

their ova in the pulp after the phytophagous brood has

effected its exit, are readily recognisable by their larval

progeny, as in the case of the aforesaid obese grubs, the

larvee of Oscinis, and others.

It may here be observed that the heterogeneous associa-

tion of predaceous and non-predaceous races among

Walker’s so-called Agaonide involves a palpable para-

dox, their severance being enjoined by due regard to

their respective habits. Thus his fig species of [darnes,

no less than his supposed ‘‘ neuters?” of Sycobia, and

even his type of the latter,—a winged male, as Professor

Westwood has lately determined,—now found conco-

mitant with the germ-feeding brood of Hupristina, can

have no tribal affinity with Agaon, whose natural alliance

with Blastophaga was first pointed out by the latter,

many years back, in our ‘ Transactions’ (vol. 1i., p. 223),

the serrate mandibular appendages in both amply testify-

ing to this effect. It would thus seem befitting to dis-

integrate this phytophagous group as a distinct sub-

family of fig-insects proper, excluding therefrom all pre-

sumably parasitic types; the former being defined as

Sycophagides, comprising two sectional divisions—the

Prionastomata and the Aploastomata—founded upon their

12 Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions

respective mouth-parts ; and the latter as Sycocolacides,

unless appertaining to other sectional groups.

But this primary severance of the respective races

would obviously seem to point to the incongruous posi-

tion occupied of late by the Sycophagides among the

entomophagous Chalcidide, and, as a necessary corollary,

to prescribe their transfer to a more congenial sphere,

by restoring them, as heretofore, to the vegetable-feeding

Cympide, where their alliance is more naturally indi-

cated. Exceptional instances have indeed been cited of

the latter being abnormally addicted to parasitism ; while,

on the other hand, some of the Hurytomides are alleged

to diverge from the well-known zoophagous propensities

of their race, and to be not only plant-feeders, but also

gall-producers, though many distinguished writers have

hesitated to accept such an anomalous conclusion, which

others have confidently expounded as the result of dili-

gent investigation ; but, be this as it may, the charac-

teristic habits of these germ-devouring fig-insects—for

whom all need of gall-protection is superseded by the

nature of their domicile—assimilate them to cognate

phytophagous communities, in accordance with the posi-

tion previously assigned them, while militating against

any confraternity with a hostile race having no kindred

bonds of fellowship to constitute a family alliance there-

with.

The economy of Agaon, whose structural characters had

long proved so embarrassing, was utterly unknown when

Latreille, at a venture, placed this genus next to Hurytoma

in Cuyvier’s ‘ Animal Kingdom’; while its near allies, the

Blastophage, are simultaneously adverted to, as a species

employed in caprification, under the heading of Cynips,

Linn.; and it would seem difficult to comprehend the

rejection of their acquired title as such, when other far

more aberrant instances present themselves of actual

parasitism exceptionally witnessed among non-gallicolists

(such as some species of Figites, Allotria, &c.) which are

nevertheless tolerated in the same ranks with the Cym-

pide as co-heirs to their titular domain.

It appears, however, to have been assumed ad priori as

an axiom—when little was known upon the subject

beyond the revelations of certain writers more or less

antiquated—that all these fig-denizens were fruit-feeders ;

but subsequently, when other species were found com-

mingled therewith—such as those brought from Madras

of new Fig-Insects. 13

by Sir Walter Elliot and now in the British Museum—

some difficulty was experienced as to discriminating

between friend and foe; and thus, partly from this

circumstance, partly also in consequence of certain

fortuitous complications to which I shall presently ad-

vert, but mainly perhaps from the paucity of available

materials, the subject has remained, as it were, in abey-

ance for a considerable period, during which the oppor-

tunities for prosecuting researches in a wider field were

unaccountably neglected, as recently testified by Dr.

Paul Meyer’s elaborate Treatise on Fig-insects (‘ Zur

Naturgeschichte der Feigeninsecten,’ Mitth. d. Zool.

Station z. Neapel, Bd. iii., Heft 4, 1882), citing a long

list of various species of Ficus which have afforded

evidence of the presence of such inmates; and, in fact,

it must be incontestably evident that their name is

legion, and their species a multiple of those hitherto

recorded, disseminated under divers controlling influences

through the lapse of ages, and bursting upon us as

startling phenomena from time to time.

When, moreover, we consider the life-history of these

diminutive races,—diversified in astounding variety in

some of their most remarkable structural characters,

while themselves attaining their maximum development

within the seed-vessels of a dwarf-fig not exceeding, in

many instances, half an inch in diameter, and consti-

tuting a little world of its own, which many of its

inmates, blind from their birth, are destined never to

quit, living in perpetual obscurity within this secluded

domicile where organs of vision would be of no avail,

but exercising their appointed functions in obedience to

a common law regulating the just proportions of each

race,—a tale of wonderment is told by these pigmy

prodigies which affords a striking illustration of that

dictum which our French entomological brethren have

adopted as their motto, ‘‘ Natura maxime miranda in

minimis!”

In explanation of the fortuitous circumstances afore-

said, | must needs recite the several gradations whereby,

almost imperceptibly, step by step, and without any

deliberate intention, this federal dependency of the

Cynipide, whilom unchallenged as such, became in-

cidentally transferred to a hostile tribe, whose title—

illegitimately acquired, as shown in the sequel—it be-

hoves us to scrutinise, as the first step towards restoring

this exiled community to its rightful inheritance.

14 Sir 8. 8S. Saunders’ descriptions

When Gravenhorst drew attention thereto by his able

** Disquisitio de Cynipe Psene auctorum,” &c. (‘ Beitrage

zur Entomologie,’ 1 Heft, Breslau, 1829, p. 27), no

other divergent types had been recorded in connection

therewith ; but, while adverting to the non-existence in

his Blastophaga of a spiral ovipositor, such as Linneus

ascribed to the Cynipide, he nevertheless avows that

Latreille refers the Cynips psenes to that family, and that

Blastophaga must doubtless be comprised therewith,

discarding the idea of any aftinity between the latter and

the Chalcidide, as defined by Jurine, and stating that

his species differed from any of the latter which he had

seen, ‘‘ capite ovato-orbiculato et vite ratione”’ (loc. cit.,

p- 32).

Some years after (1837) Professor Westwood, in his in-

teresting memoir on “‘ Caprification, &c.’’—when discuss-

ing the merits of Dalman’s alternative suggestion of a

seeming analogy in his Agaon with the Pteromali and the

Codrint (Chalcidide and Proctotrupide), but especially

with the former—expressed his opinion ‘‘ that the curious

little groups above described are certainly referable to

the Chalcidide rather than to the Proctotrupide”’; add-

ing that ‘‘from all these insects, however, they are at

once removed by their frwit-feeding habits, as well as by

various anomalous portions of their structure, so that

I hesitate to name any particular group in that family

to which they ought to be considered as most nearly

allied” (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., vol. ii., p. 223).

Subsequently Dr. Coquerel discovered certain strange-

looking fig-insects in the Island of Bourbon, which he

characterised as abnormal parasites, regarding them as

‘les femelles apteres et aveugles de quelque male ailé et

inconnu”’ (Réy. et Mag. de Zool., 2e série, Tome vii.,

1855), these being the now recognised males of winged

females, their legitimate partners having been maligned

as ‘‘ Chalcidites qui selon toute apparence s’étaient

déeveloppes a leurs dépens! ”

Thus, under the influence of such mistaken identity,

a delusive character clung to both sexes of the genuine

phytophagous brood; so that Walker, when describing Sir

Walter Elliot’s specimens from the Ficus Indica (‘ Notes

on Chalcidiew,’ 1871), consigned them all to his parasitic

races, together with Blastophaga and Sycophaga, as alike

‘‘ cradled in figs ’’—a principle which would not apply to

all the inmates of galls—branding ,his calumniated

of new Fig-Insects. 15

Agaonide with a felonious impress by placing Coquerel’s

figures of his ‘‘étranges parasites” as emblems and

types of the whole, and superadding a tissue of romance

on their fabulous affinities.

More recently Professor Westwood, while censuring

Walker’s peccadilloes, has reiterated his own pre-

dilections in favour of such an alliance, though

obviously treating them in the aggregate as one joint-

stock company, without contemplating the possibility

and propriety of a dissolution of partnership between

them ; for, as he has elsewhere remarked, in speaking

of the Cynipide, ‘‘it had always appeared to me con-

trary to nature that a tribe of vegetable-feeders should be

arranged in the midst of parasites’ (Mod. Class., vol. ii.,

p. 1382); nor can it be conceivable that the essentials of

structural qualifications should be fashioned in the same

guise as equally adapted for germ-feeders and their

antagonists. A specious superticial resemblance may,

indeed, sometimes obtain between the aggressor and its

victim ; or, in cases of commensal fellowship, such as that

of Bombus and Psithyrus (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882,

p- 807), both being vegetable-feeders, fraternising in the

common banquet provided by the former ; but in selecting

Callimome, of parasitic habits, as the standard of com-

parison in this instance, there would be no raison d’étre

for such a similitude, no species of this genus having

yet been found in these fig-abodes.

Nevertheless, Coquerel’s figure of his supposed Chaleis

(op. cit., pl. x., fig. 4), or that of Sycophaga by Professor

Westwood in our ‘'l'ransactions’ (1882, pl. i1., fig. 2),

are cited as offering convincing evidence ‘that the fig

species are most nearly related to Callimome”’ ; while it

is averred that ‘‘the structure of the antenne (even to

the minute articulations following the 2nd joint), the

fusion of the three terminal joints of these organs, the

structure of the wings and wing-veins, and the long ex-

serted straight ovipositor, sufficiently prove that these

insects must be placed in the great tamily Chalcidide”’

(ibid, p. 50).

But, in propounding such a comparison between these

parasitic and non-parasitic races, the application of the

aforesaid tests to the germ-feeders collectively, or to

their two selected representatives respectively, is by no

‘means obvious, especially as regards the character

ascribed to the ovipositor ; for, although a newly-deve-

16 Sir 8. 8. Saunders’ descriptions

loped example of Sycophaga has been observed to expand

this organ to its fullest extent in order to acquire a

proper consistency, after being encircled and cramped

within the small dimensions of the pericarp (loc. cit.,

1882, pl. ii.), yet it always retains, as in other instances,

a curvate tendency in the sequel. Thus in the original

description of the genus (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. vol. i1.,

p- 822), we read :—‘“‘ Oviductus trisetosus, setis equalibus,

abdoninis duplo longioribus, et valde incurvatis,” as repre-

sented (¢bid) in pl. xx., fig, 5k.

Taking, however, these tests seriatim (1) the minute

articulations delineated by Professor Westwood in the

antenne of the female Sycophaga (Trans. Ent. Soe.

Lond., 1882, pl. ii., fig. 6), scarcely correspond with any

in the same sex of Callimome; nor do they occur in

Blastophaga (ibid, pl. v., fig. 51), whose antenne, more-

over, have the 4th joint produced into a long projecting

spine, thus differing vastly from those of Callimome.

The small annuli in the antenne of the Hurytomides, as

figured by-Curtis in Decatoma (Brit. Entom., pl. 345) are

also witnessed among some of the fig-insects belonging

to the parasitic races, but these differ essentially from

the aforesaid articulations in the antenne of Sycophaga ;

and the presence of such annuli in the alleged vegetable-

feeding species of the former would seem to attest their

ancestral ‘‘ Unity of Habits’’ with others of the same

group, however much their appetites may have become

chastened by some mysterious dispensation. So also in

Dr. Paul Meyer’s figure (from Cavolini)* of the supposed

female of ‘‘ Ichnewmon jficarius”’ (loc. cit., p. 564, pl. xxv.,

fig. 5, and pl. xxvi., fig. 13); the male, however, being

evidently a Sycoscapter, generically distinct from such

female, which has a long ovipositor with a tubiform

base, as described by Walker in Idarnes transiens (Idar-

nella, Westw.).

(2). As regards the fusion of the three terminal joints

of the antenne, this is not a reliable character through-

out the germ-feeders, for it does not exist in Hupristina

(Pl. I., fig. 14), nor in the Madagascar species (Pl. III.,

figs. 89, 40), both of which have these terminal joints dis-

tinctly separated from each other. So likewise in Agaon,

* Frnippo Cavouini. ‘‘ Memoria per servire alla storia compiuta

del fico e della proficazione.”’ Opuscoli scelti sulle scienze e sulle

arti; Tome v., Milano, 1782. (Dr. P. Meyer, l. c., p. 579).

of new Fig-Insects. at

as adverted to by Professor Westwood in his memoir on

‘* Caprification,” &c. (l.¢., vol. u1., p. 223), the “‘antenns

are terminated by three very large and distinct joints.”

(3). The wing-veins also differ inter se in the germ-

feeders, nor does Callimome coincide with Eupristina in

this respect (Pl. I., fig. 4) ; while, irrespective of their

phytophagous habits, these germ-feeders, in common

with their aforesaid representatives, are separated from

Callimome by other alary incongruities, such as the in-

variable absence of wings in the males.

(4). Furthermore, the long straight ovipositor is not a

distinguishing characteristic of these phytivorous broods,

this organ being remarkably short in Blastophaga, as

well as in the Madagascar species (PI. III., fig. 46) ; and

in all matured examples it maintains the arcuate con-

dition imparted by its original position within the seed-

vessel as aforesaid, whether long or short. That this

organ should be exserted is doubtless essential to the

requirements of the race in their mode of oviposition,

having, moreover, in some instances, if not in all, to

penetrate within the young figs for this purpose, as

testified of Sycophaga in our ‘Transactions’ (1878,

p- 317), for which purpose a more bulky abdomen, like

that of an ordinary Cynips, would be ill-adapted,

although Latreille surmises that the ova of Blastophaga

(Cynips Psenes, Linn.) are deposited in the pollen at an

earlier stage (Cuv., Anim. Kingd., Genus Cynips).* Such

modified appliances, however, are constantly witnessed,

‘and constitute connecting links between allied races,

which may be no less recognised in this instance. Thus,

in his incomparable standard work, the ‘ Modern Classi-

fication of Insects’ (vol. i1., p. 117), Professor Westwood

explains ‘‘ that the borer of the Urocerus is but the saw

of the T'enthredo, modified to fit it for its functions,” the

analogy between their structural details and the re-

spective advantages derivable therefrom being also fully

discussed. The same remarks apply equally to this im-

plement in Xiphydria (ibid, p. 121). In Oryssus its

* Count Solms-Laubach, by his recent researches at Naples, has

ascertained that the female Blastophage, like those of Sycophaga,

penetrate into the wild figs for the purpose of depositing their

eggs. He frequently found a mass of their wings adhering thereto

where many had effected their entrance together, and they sub-

sequently die within. (‘‘Die Herkunft, Domestication, und Ver-

breitung des gewdhnlichen Feigenbaum; Von H. Graf zu Solms-

Laubach.” Gottingen, 1882).

TRANS, ENT, Soc, 1888,—PART I, (MARCH.) c

18 Sir §. 8. Saunders’ descriptions

structure is still more anomalous, this genus being con-

sidered by Dahlbom as constituting the “‘ connecting

link’ between the ‘ gall-flies” and the ‘“‘ saw-flies”

(tbid, p. 124), where the phytophagous fig-species may

not inappropriately intervene as a primary group of the

Cynipide. The inferences to be deduced from such

modifications, where corresponding habits disclose asso-

ciating links, are well exemplified in the reasons adduced

by Professor Westwood for the transfer of the Uroceride

from the position assigned to them by St. Fargeau; his

nomenclature and arrangement being repudiated ‘‘ be-

cause neither appear to have a foundation in nature, the

precise construction of the ovipositor in his different.

groups not having been correctly ascertained, whilst we

have already seen that there are no grounds for the in-

sertion of the Uroceride amongst the parasitic insects” (ibid,

p- 123). Thus modifications in structure, implying

corresponding differences in economy, must not be held

to supersede all considerations reposing on physiological

facts. In like manner the ovipositor in these germ-

consumers was well known to Linneus when he described

his Cynips Psenes as ‘‘ aculeo exserto, sed debili, laxo, ut —

vix videatur Cynips esse’’; yet he had no scruple to

associate this and Hasselquist’s other fig-species with the

Cynipide. Moreover, as compared with Callimome

(Curtis, loc. cit., pl. 552), the organisation of the terebra

in these fig-devotees of the germ-feeding race is essen-

‘tially different, as emanating from a depressed valve at

the base of the 5th segment, thus described by Graven-

horst in Blastophaga: ‘‘ Terebra setiformi, vaginis gract-

liore, situ certo, cwm nenupe infra ventrem reclinatur, e val-

vula ad basin segmenti quintt porrecta’’ (loc. cit., p. 29).

This valve is shown in my figures 15, 29, and 46.

In fact we are confronted with anomalous ovipositors

in all the intervening links between the Tenthredinide

and the Cynipide; but, in these germ-nurtured fig-

voluptuaries, such modifications are not unfrequently

emphasised to a remarkable extent in their buccal organs,

by those peculiar serrate processes, of marvellous devices,

which many of them exhibit as mandibular appendages,

having no parallel elsewhere ; while, from their inherited

instincts, the same ruling must apply to them as to the

Uroceride—that there are no grounds for the insertion of

these vegetarians amongst the parasitic insects. Never-

theless, in comprising the Cynipide among the “ Ento-

mophaga,’”’ the same exemption from unnatural associates

of new Fig-I nsects. 19

was not extended to them ; while admitting that ‘‘if we

employ terms founded upon the habits of the different

families’ (as in this instance) ‘“‘ we must introduce the

gall-flies amongst the plant-feeders (Phytiphaga) ’’—(Mod.

Class. ii., p. 124).

With reference to the dentate genital claspers adverted

to “as a further illustration of the relationship between

some of the fig-insects and other well-known parasitic

Chaleidide”’ (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, pp. 325, 326),

I would observe that this character can have no appli-

cation to tribal distinctions, inasmuch as its presence alike

in the germ-feeding Sycophaga and in several of its para-

sitic associates, having no kindred connections therewith,

must serve to discountenance any such inference; while

the absence of similar retinacula in the corresponding sex

of Callimome does not enhance its claim to be regarded as

allied to Sycophaga. This, however, is a character which

has been very little studied hitherto, and may be found to

have a wider application, irrespective of family associa-

tions..

Hence it follows that, whether looking to structural

endowments or correlative propensities, these fig-dwellers

of the phytophagous broods are in nowise disqualified

for their ancestral status by the results of such an

ordeal, any more than by their adopted habitat, for, as

Hasselquist observes, ‘‘ Galle locum obtinet heic ficus”’ ;

the severance of the respective races being readily effected

by the light of analogy; or if, indeed, the results thus

obtained should in any instance prove fallacious, the

remedy is obvious, such liability, however, being of

minor import than the inconsistency involved in the

promiscuous intermingling of alien races consequent

upon an innovation of the last decade, founded on mis-

conception, and irreconcilable with probationary tests.

In reverting, therefore, to their time-honoured kinship,

the Cynipide would be divisible into three subfamilies, (1)

the Sycophagides, (2) the Cecidophagides, and (8) the

Heterophagides, or aphidivorous Cynipide,* constituting,

as long since suggested by Prof. Westwood (Mod. Class.

ii., p. 124), ‘the connecting link ’”’ with the aphidivorous

Bracondes ; the hitherto known fig-feeders being tabu-

lated as follows :—

* The tendency of such heteroclites to revert to their ancestral

habits is well exemplified in the instance cited by Dr. Harris, and

referred to by Prof. Westwood in his ‘Memoir’ on the ‘“ Huryto-

mides” (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 811), when ‘some of

these insects that came from a straw-bed, and were shown to Dr.

20. Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions

CYNIPIDA, Westw.

SYCOPHAGIDES.

Division 1. Prionastomata.

Buastopuaca, Grav. (Cynips, Hasselq:, Linn., Fab., Latr.).

Sp. 1. B. ficus, Hasselq.; C. psenes, Linn.; B. syco-

mori, Westw.

Sp. 2. B. carice, Hasselq. ; C. psenes, Linn.

Sp. 8. B. grossorum, Grav.

Aaaon, Dalman.

Sp. 1. A. paradoxum, Dalm.

Sycocrypra, Coquerel.

Sp. 1. S. ceca, Coq.

KUPRISTINA, 0. g.

Sp. 1. H. masoni, n. s.

PLEISTODONTES, 0. g.

Sp. 1. P. imperialis, n. s.

KRADIBIA, 0. g.

Sp. 1. K. cowani, n. s.

Division 2. Aploastomata.

SycopHaca, Westw. Gonibe Hasselq., Linn., Fab.).

Sp. 1. S. sycomori, Linn.; C. cycomori, Hasselq.

S. crassipes, Westw.

Apocrypta, Coquerel. (Sycophaga, Westw.).

Sp. 1. A. paradoxa, Coq.

Sp. 2. A. perplexa, Coq.

KRADIBIA COWANI.

This new genus and species has been obtained from

some small figs brought to this country from Madagascar

by the Rey. W. Deans Cowan, who states that they were

found in the Forest of Fianarantsoa, in the south-

central district of -the island, about four miles from

Antananarivo, the capital. Mr. Cowan explains that, so

far as he can recollect, ‘“‘the tree was very high, about

nine inches in diameter, and the fruit of a strawberry-

red colour, attached to the trunk at nearly the whole

H., had proved very troublesome to children sleeping on the bed,

their bites or stings being followed by considerable irritation, which

lasted several days ; so numerous were the insects that it was found

necessary to empty the bed-tick and burn the straw.”

of new Fig-Insects. 21

height of the tree below the branches, and found in

clusters of four and five together.”

On inspecting these figs after their arrival it was

evident that a portion of the inmates had already effected

their egress, though some of the females had died when

in the act of emerging from the seed-vessels, several of

the apterous males, together with a few of their winged

partners, still adhering to the glutinous orifice of the

passage whereby others of the brood had escaped, this

being the first instance on record in which any of the

former have been known to quit the fig. Both sexes are

smaller than the European Blastophage ; the males have

an obcordate head, with short six-jointed antenne pro-

jecting from the clypeus; their broad trigonate mandibles,

bidentate at the apex, forming, when closed, a transverse

prominent line in front, and their eyes conglomerate

within black triangular macule (as seen in balsam slides).

The males are remarkable as having only four developed

legs, the middle pair being obsolete. Traces thereof have,

however, been detected under the microscope, in a very

rudimentary form, not otherwise perceptible, in some

transparent specimens mounted in balsam, consisting of

two biarticulate appendages, of minute dimensions, which

may be detached in dissected specimens, and which are

shown in their natural position, affixed to the posterior

margin of the mesosternum, in Plate III., fig. 47. When

viewed laterally, as in fig. 82, these quadrupedal males,

standing on their short robust legs, with projecting head,

are somewhat suggestive of a miniature pachyderm—si

parva leet componere magnis.

The pronotum is very large, rounded in front and

deeply emarginate at the base, with long projecting

angles directed backwards; the mesonotum is semi-

circular and broadly truncate behind ; the metanotum

is longer than wide, narrower and truncate behind,

with -the sides rounded. The legs have their femora

much distended ; those of the first pair are longer and

broader than those of the hind legs; the tibiae of the

first are very short, and as wide as long, terminating in

two incurvate spines forming a large crescent; their

tarsi are biarticulate and robust, with large prominent

claws; the hind tibie are longer than the fore tibie,

narrow at the base and truncate at the apex, with two

short spurs at each angle and three or four sharp teeth

near the apex on the outer margin; their tarsi are 5-

22 Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions

articulate, the basal joints short, the 5th longer, with

small claws.

The female has a short ovipositor like Blastophaga,

from which it diverges in the structure of the antennae,

which have some resemblance to those of Hupristina in

their terminal joints and setose character; but it differs

from the latter in the veining of the wings, which have

the cubitus deflexed on the disc, and in its simple- 5-

serrate mandibular appendages. The head is small and

oval, and the mandibles, as well as their appendages,

short and broad. The antenne are ten-jointed, the basal

joint large and elongate, narrower at the apex, with an

angular distension on the inner side; the 2nd joint.

longer than broad, and slightly sinuous ; the 3rd forming

a long, acute, curvate, projecting spine; the 4th is.

shorter than the 5th; and the 6th to the 9th are cyathi-

form, densely clothed with coarse recumbent sete, the

6th being more elongate than the others, and the terminal

joint fusiform. Thus in these antenne the 3rd and 5th

joints of other genera are obsolete. The last four joints

are also partially retractile at the base and deeply

inserted respectively within the apex of each preceding

joint, being occasionally expanded to their full extent,

thus imparting a versatile character to these organs,

both conditions being sometimes exemplified in the same

specimen.

The thorax is short and. gibbous; the fore wings very

elongate, having the post-costal vein widely separated

from the costa at its base, but conjoined subsequently,

and the cubital vein deflexed on the disc of the wing in

a slight outer curve, terminating in an oblong clavate

apex. The hind wings have the costa and post-costal

vein coalescent and strongly arcuate at the base of the

wing, extending obliquely beyond the anterior margin,

where terminating in a small tubercle bearing two or

three hooklets ; the entire disc of all the wings is inter-

spersed with short recumbent sete, and surrounded with

a deep marginal fringe. The fore and hind legs are of

moderate dimensions, and the intermediate pair slender

and elongate. The abdomen is oval, about equal in

length to the thorax ; the ovipositor short and setiform,

not exceeding one-fourth the length of the former beyond

its apex, with the sheaths shorter, robust, and falcate.

The remarkable circumstance of the absence of the

middle pair of legs in the males has been consistently

of new Fig-Insects. 23

maintained in the many specimens which I have

examined, otherwise perfect, coupled with an abnormal

development of the fore and hind femora, which closely

approximate laterally; their antenne, with a central

conical joint deeply embedded within the next in succes-

sion, are also very peculiar; while the four terminal

retractile joints of these ten-jointed organs in the females

readily serve to separate this sex from any known genus.

KRaDIBIA,* n. g.

Mas apterus.: Caput parvum, obcordatum. Oculi

plus minusve conglomerati. Mandibule minima, tri-

gone, recta linea transverse valde porrecte, apice

bidentate, dentibus obtusis. Antenne 6-articulate,

glabre ; articulo basali parvo, obtrigono, 2do magno,

subovato, latere interno medio dilatato, apice truncato ;

3tio brevi, curvato, dimidio basali constricto; 4to minimo,

conico, apice intra 5ti basin profunde inserto; 5to elon-

gato, latitudine duplo iongiore, basi apiceque truncato,

lateribus subparallelis ; extimo (6to) simili sed breviore,

apice conico. Palpi obsoleti. Thorax capite dimidio

latior ; pronoto magno, antice rotundato, angulis posticis

valde productis, acuminatis; mesonoto semicireulari

metanoto longiore, postice late truncato. Pedes antici

- breves ; coxis parvis, subquadratis angulis rotundatis ;

femoribus maximis, latis; tibiis brevibus, robustis, apice

dilatatis, angulis in spinas acutas, incurvas, valde pro-

ductis ; tarsis parvis, crassis, biarticulatis, articulo 2do

longiore ; unguibus magnis, basi dilatatis, dente brevi

utrinque instructis. Pedes intermedw desunt ; appendi-

cibus duabus minimis biarticulatis, articulis subrotundis,

basali majore, ad mesosternum postice affixis, licet ob-

tectis necnon ob exiguitatem vix detegendis, tantum in-

dicati. (Tab. IIl., fig. 47). Pedes postici coxis parvis

oblongis ; femoribus ut in anticis latis, parum breviori-

bus; tibiis longioribus, basi tenuioribus, apice sensim

latioribus, truncatis, angulis utrinque bimucronatis, mar-

gine externo setis paucis tenuibus, dentibusque obtusis

4 prope apicem, instructis ; tarsis 5-articulatis, articulis

1—4 brevibus, apicali duplo longiore ; unguibus medio-

cribus, pulvillis dilatatis. dbdomen basi inflatum, sub-

sphericum, segmentis apicalibus tenuibus, elongatis,

seepe subter truncum retro deflexis.

* xpadn, ficus sylvestris.

24 Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions

Femina alata. Corpus parvum. Caput breve, angu-

lis anticis prominulis, longitudinaliter late canaliculatum.

Oculi ovales, laterales. Ocelli invisi. Mandibule breves,

late, apice bidentate, acute, basi subquadrate, appen-

dicibus basalibus parvis, transverse striatis, latere in-

terno 4-serratis. Antenne 10-articulate ; scapo magno,

oblongo, latere interno prominulo, basi apiceque angusti-

ore; articulo 2do robusto, curvato; 8tio in spinam

elongatam, curvatam, acutem, externe producto; 4to

parvo, oblongo; reliquis setis crassis elongatis dense

vestitis ; 5to brevi; 6to, 7mo, 8vo, Ino, magnis, cyathi-

formibus ; extimo (10mo) fusiformi, setis obtecto ; arti-

culis ultimis quatuor nonnunquam valde productis, vel

singulis sese in antecedentem retractilibus. Thorax

capite dimidio longior, latitudine coequalis; pronoto

brevi, antice attenuato, postice incurvato; mesonoto

transverso, lato; metanoto longiore, postice rotundato.

Pedes antici. validi; coxis elongatis ; femoribus longis,

robustis, externe rotundatis, latere interno subrectis ;

tibiis brevissimis, curvatis, apice latis, truncatis ; tarsis

longis, gracilibus, 5-articulatis; unguibus parvis. Pedes

intermedit longi, coxis semicircularibus ; femoribus elon-

gatis, tenuibus; tibiis longioribus, gracillimis, apice

sensim sed parum latioribus, calcare tenui; tarsis longis,

filiformibus, 5-articulatis, unguibus parvis. Pedes pos-

tict. coxis robustis, ovatis; femoribus brevibus, vix in-

flatis, apice tenuioribus ; tibis brevissimis, apice latiori-

bus, truncatis, angulo interno calcaribus duobus validis

armatis ; tarsis gracilibus, 5-articulatis, articulo basali

longiore ; unguibus mediocribus. Ale omnes disco setis

elongatulis recumbentibus sparsim instructe, margini-

bus late fimbriatis ; antice longe; vena postcostali, basi

valida, cum costa coalita, medio divergente, arcuata ; vena

cubitali in discum deflexa, parum externe curvata, clava

oblonga, truncata, oblique terminata. Ale postice an-

guste, apice subacuminate ; vena postcostali cum costa

conjuncta, arcuata, basi valida, prope marginis mediam

externe producta, apice tuberculata setisque deflexis paucis

brevibus instructa. Abdomen ovale, terebra setiformi,

brevi, abdominis quartam partem longitudine vix ecce-

dente ; valvulis brevioribus, robustis, arcuatis.

of new Fig-Insects. 25

Kradibia cowani, n. s.

Mas capite, thorace, pedibusque fulvis, antennis pal-

lide flavis, abdomine albido. Femina capite, antennis,

thoraceque piceis, pedibus, abdomineque fulvis, alis

cinereis, venisfulvescentibus. Long. corp.—mas, 1} mm. ;

femina,2mm. Expans. alar, 3} mm.

Hab. Cernes insula, Dom. W. D. Cowan cum ficubus

communicavit.

In Mus. Britannico et nostro.

A singlé parasitic species was found in these Mada-

gascar figs, whereof I noticed only two examples. They

may be easily confounded with the males of Kradibia,

being very similar in general appearance ; but they are

at once recognisable by their fully-developed inter-

mediate legs and other structural characters, being also

prominently palpigerous, with conglomerate eyes. They

constitute anew species of Sycoscapter, the description

of which is hereto appended. .

Sycoscapter gibbus, n. s.

Characteres e maribus descripti.

Fulvescens, apterus, Kradibii mares simulans ; capite

elongato, prominulo, basi rotundo ; oculis conglomeratis ;

mandibulis crassis, longis, subrectis, apice . obtusis

sursum curvatis; palpis maxillaribus longulis, infra

prominulis, articulis duobus apicalibus parvulis, extimo

seta longa instructo. Antenne structure solite in hoc

genere, pallide flave. Ale rudimentariz nulle. Pedes

antici robusti, femoribus magnis, subovatis; tibiis

brevibus, apice multispinosis ; tarsis 5-articulatis, arti-

culis 4 basalibus flavescentibus, brevissimis, latis, oblique

compressis, sinuatis, extimo rufo-piceo, magno, elongato,

basi tenui, apice lato, rotundato, unguibus, pulvillisque

majusculis. Pedes intermedii similes sed minores, cetera

ut in anticis. Pedes postici majores, femoribus magnis,

ovatis ; tibiis longioribus, curvatis, basi constrictis, apice

late truncatis, margine antico latereque externo spinis

plurimis validis instructis; tarsis ut in anterioribus sed

majoribus, unguibus pulvillisque elongatis. Long. corp.

13 mm.

Hab. Cernes insula, cum Kradibia cowani in ficubus

ipsis commixti.

In Mus. Britannico et nostro.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24,

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE I.

. Eupristina masoni, male, magnified.

. Retractile apex of abdomen of ditto.

. The male, seen laterally, with the abdominal scesitanties

extended.

. The female, magnified.

. The head of ditto, seen laterally.

. Mandible of the male.

Antenna of ditto.

. Fore leg of ditto.

. Coxa of the same.

. One of the mandibles of the female, seen from below,

with its serrate basal appendage and appendiculated

serrate lateral lobe.

The same, seen obliquely, showing the seven teeth of the

lateral lobe, and the eleven teeth of the ae

appendage.

The same, seen more obliquely.

The same, seen transversely, showing the duplex series

of teeth.

Antenna of the female.

Abdomen and ovipositor of ditto.

PLATE II.

Pleistodontes imperialis, male, with abdomen fully ex-

tended, magnified.

The female, magnified.

Head and prothorax of ditto, seen laterally.

Mandible of the male.

Antenna of ditto.

Upper horizontal section of head of ditto.

Lower section of ditto.

Fore leg of the male.

Mandiblé of the female, with its multiserrate basal

appendage seen from below.

The same, seen transversely.

Antenna of the female.

Middle leg of ditto.

Hind leg of ditto.

Abdomen and ovipositor.

The ovipositor, extracted.

Fie. 31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44,

45.

46.

of new Fig-Insects. OT

PLATE III.

Kradibia cowani, male, magnified.

Ditto, seen laterally.

The female, magnified.

Head of ditto, seen laterally.

Mandible of the male.

Antenna of ditto.

Mandible of the female, seen from below.

Ditto, seen transversely, showing the 5-serrate basal

appendage.

Antenna of the female, with the terminal joints con-

tracted.

The five terminal joints of ditto, naturally expanded.

Anterior portion of fore wing of the female.

Hind wing of ditto.

Fore leg of ditto.

Middle leg of ditto.

Hind leg of ditto.

Abdomen and ovipositor of ditto.

46a. Apex of ventral valve.

47.

Minute rudiments of middle legs of the male, as found

im situ.

; Dap hywnte seLetert ‘ ep oaths ri

xa rch. PEA

“ae /

5 P - e

PUM 4 a

vali taral*¢

cpheuie iii th

( 29 )

II. Further descriptions of insects infesting figs.

By J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c.

[Read October 4th, 1882. ]

Puates ITV.—X.

THe insects described in the present communication

infest the fruit of Ficus Indica in Hindostan, having

_ been found at Madras in the months of December, 1856,

-7, -8, and -9, by Sir Walter Elliott, who caused a series

of magnified figures of several of the species to be made

by his native artist, which drawings were placed in my

hands by the late Mr. Frederick Smith. The types of

these insects are now in. the British Museum, and

were described by Mr. F. Walker in his ‘Notes on

Chalcidie. Mr. J. Wood-Mason, at Calcutta, also

found a number of these parasites in the fruit of the

same species of Ficus, which he communicated to Sir

Sidney 8. Saunders, who has placed most of them in my

hands for investigation and description, which I have

now the pleasure of presenting to the HKntomological

Society by way of supplement to my two former memoirs

on fig-insects, and to those of Sir 8. Saunders.

A very unsatisfactory series of descriptions of other

fig-insects, by Mr. F. Walker, was published posthu-

mously in the ‘Entomologist,’ vol. viii., p. 15; 1875.

The paper is entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of new Genera and

Species of Parasites belonging to the families Procto-

trupide and Chalcidide, which attack insects destructive

to the fig in India,” and contains descriptions of Pseudisa

(u.g., fam: Dryinoide?), P. smicroides ; Isanisa (n. g.,

fam. Hurytomide), I. decatomoides; Agrianisa (n. g.,

fam. Sycophagoide), A. myrmecoides ; Micranisa, n. g.

(neither family nor species mentioned) ; -Polanisa, n. g.

(allied to Idarnes), P. lutea ; Idarnes orientalis (with the

remark that ‘‘the only species hitherto described is a

native of the West Indies”) [7. Carme,|} which shows

either that Mr. Walker wrote these descriptions before

1871, when he published the fourth part of his ‘ Notes

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) °

30 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of

on Chalcidie,’ or that he had forgotten his descriptions

of Idarnes transiens, stabilis, and Pteromaloides, which

had appeared in that work; whilst, had he previously

written these ‘Entomologist’ descriptions, it is curious

that he did not allude to them in his ‘ Notes.’ No

collection is named in which the types of these de-

scriptions exist, nor is any notice given by whom they

were collected, and I am informed that the box in

which they were placed has disappeared.

Another memoir on fig-insects, by Dr. Paul Mayer, has

just appeared in the ‘ Mittheilungen a. d. Zoolog. Station

zu Neapel, 1882,’ Heft iv. It extends to forty large

8vo pages, and is accompanied by several plates and

woodcuts ; and reference to a memoir by H. Graf zu

Solms-Laubach, entitled ‘‘ Die Herkunft, Domestication -

und Verbreitung des gewohnlichen Feigenbaums (Ficus

carica, L.),” published in the ‘ Abhandlungen Kén.

Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen,’ 1882,

106 pp. In this memoir (which well deserves transla-

tion) Dr. Mayer has dwelt at length on the physiological

effect of the presence of the fig-insects in causing capri

fication, and has given a list of the twenty-two different

species of Ficus and Sycomorus from various parts of

the world which have afforded species of these fig-

insects.

Dr. Mayer’s memoir is terminated by extended de-

scriptions and figures of the details of both sexes of |

Blastophaga grossorum, Grav. ; of the male of Sycophaga

Sycomort (S. crassipes, Westw., olim); and of two other

insects which (evidently deceived by the analogy with

the sexual differences, of Blastophaga grossorum) he de-

scribes (pp. 554 and 564) as the two sexes of one species

under the provisional name of Ichnewmon jicarius, Cavo-

lini. One of these two insects is a female with a very

long exserted ovipositor, and is either identical with

or congeneric with Walker’s Idarnes transiens; and

the other, a supposed male, is a subapterous insect

which, judging from the figures, seems to me to be

identical with the female of Sycoscapter insignis described

below,

insects infesting figs. 31

SPECIES OF INSECTS INFESTING FICUS INDICA.

Sycopia, Walker. (‘ Notes on Chalcidie,’ p- 60).

Characteres e maribus tantum descripti. Corpus

gracile subplanum, fere glabrum. Caput magnum, ob-

longo-quadratum lateribus subparalellis, angulis posticis

rotundatis, disco subplano; oculis ovalibus, fere in

medio laterali positis ; ocellis tribus posticis ; clypeo in

medio biimpresso ; antennis basi valde approximatis, in

medio clypei insertis ;. capite vix longioribus, articulo

1mo longo, simplici, ad apicem sensim sed paullo. in-

crassato; 2ndo fere dimidium articuli lmi equanti;

articulis sex sequentibus brevibus, fere equalibus, ultimo

(9mo) oblongo-ovato, quasi sed indistincte 3-articulato.

Mandibule elongate graciles, falcatz, apice acute bifide.

Maxille et labium coalitz carnose porrect, palpis

maxillaribus 4-articulatis, articulo 1mo crasso, 2ndo et

3tio cylindricis, ultimo parvo subulato, seta rigida termi-

nato; palpis labialibus minutis, ut videtur, exarticulatis,

apice seta terminatis. Thorax oblongo-ovalis antice

parum angustatum. Pronotum magnum semiovale, sc.

subconicum. Scutellum rhomboideum. Metathorax sat

magnus. Alz satis magne, antice vena tenui, sub-

costali basali, ad apicem cum costa breviter coalite, vena

cubitali gracili in discum ale deflexa, apice parum in-

crassato ; postice venis obsoletis. Pedes modice elon-

gati, forma normali, femoribus anticis et posticis sub-

incrassatis ; pedibus intermediis gracilioribus et parum

brevioribus; tarsis omnibus 5-articulatis, unguibus

crassis pulvillo magno instructis. Abdomen vix thoracis

longitudine sed latius, subovale, subdepressum ;_ seg-

mento Imo (pedunculo) squamiformi metanoto an-

gustiori, subplano, angulis posticis subacute productis,

margine postico in medio emarginato ; segmento 2ndo

lato, basi biimpresso; genitalia porrecta elongata de-

pressa parte basali oblonga, retinaculis duabus, 3 den-

tatis, instructa; parte apicali basi angusta, apice dila-

tato, caudam piscis simulante, stylis duobus elongatis

dorsalibus in tuberculum parvum carnosum terminatis.

Variat secundum magnitudinem individuorum magni-

tudine mandibulorum. Figura 8 caput individui parvi

representat mandibulis clausis et multo brevioribus.

32 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of

Typus Sycobia bethyloides, Walker (loc. supra cit...

(Pl. IV., figs. 1—8).

Lutea, mandibulis fulvis, abdomine fulvo apice pallide

testaceo, alis diaphanis venis pallide testaceis. Long.

corp. 14—2é lin.

Hab. Hindostan. In Ficus Indica, Calcutta; Sir

Walter Elliott and J. Wood-Mason. In Mus. Britann.

et §. S. Saunders.

My description of this insect is made from the type-

specimens described by Walker, still in the British

Museum; and by the permission of Dr. Gunther, the

’ chief of the Zoological Department, I have been enabled

to make a careful microscopical examination thereof,

assisted by several other specimens, received by Sir

Sidney 8. Saunders from Mr. Wood-Mason, found by

him infesting Ficus Indica at Calcutta. This has

enabled me to ascertain that the specimens described by

Walker as females, provided with an exserted ovipositor,

are in fact males, with the genitalia exserted to a con-

siderable length, this peculiarity having been observed

in all the specimens which I have examined.

On comparing my description. with that given by

Walker of his misnamed female of Sycobia bethyloides,

it will be seen that that author overlooked the ocelli, and

has described the exserted male genitalia as ‘‘ oviductus

tubiformis, abdominis dimidio zquilongus.”

WALKERELLA, 0. &.

(Sycobia, ‘‘neuter ? worker ?,” Walker, ‘Notes on

Chalcidiz,’ p. 61).

Characteres masculini tantum descripti. Corpus

parvum breve apterum. Caput magnum depressum

transverse ellipticum, angulis rotundatis ; pronoto latius ;

oculis parvis lateralibus, margine antico capitis in medio

parum depresso. OcelliO. Antenne in medio capitis

insert, basi approximate, articulo lmo maximo dila-

tato, basi angustato, 2ndo parvo angusto, 3tio subclavato

annuliformi, 5 proximis minutis equalibus, ultimo (nono)

precedenti paullo majori ovali, et ut videtur exarticulato.

Mandibule elongate, porrecte falcate, basi dilatato et

denticulato, apice bifide. Trophi reliqui obsoleti. Pro-

notum magnum capite angustius transverso-quadratum ;

mesonotum exarticulatum ?; transversum ; metanotum

insects infesting figs. 38

angustius parum transversum, postice rotundatum.

Abdomen angustum, thoracis longitudine, apice geni-

talibus stylum gracilem formantibus, prope apicem

retinaculis duobus 4 dentatis (cercis apicalibus, Walker),

instructis. Pedes satis elongati et graciles, intermedi

parum minores, femoribus anticis paullo incrassatis ;

tibiis subdilatatis ; tarsis omnibus articulis 5 sat graci-

libus instructis.

Typus Walkerella temeraria, u.s. (mas). (Pl. IV.,

figs. 9-—12).

(Sycobia bethyloides, ‘‘ neuter? worker ?,” Walker,

op. cit., p. 62).

Testacea lutea, mandibulis fulvis. Long. corp. 1 lin.

Habitat in Fico Indica, Hindostan (Sir W. Elliott). In

Mus. Brit. et Hopeiano Oxonie.

This male insect, which Walker rashly described as

the neuter or worker of Sycobia bethyloides (unmindful of

the physiological considerations involved in the adoption

of such a term) differs from Sycobia in its apterous con-

dition, the structure and place of insertion of the an-

tenne, the want of maxille and other inferior parts

of the mouth, and the structure of the parts of the

thorax.

The shape of the head and the position of the an-

tenne, with the simple 5-jointed tarsi, will also dis-

tinguish this insect from any of the other apterous or

subapterous species subsequently to be described in this

memoir.

SYCOBIELLA, N. g.

Characteres e mare descripti. Corpus minutum

apterum vel subapterum. Caput magnum, thorace latius

angulis anticis obliquis; margine postico capitis in

medio emarginato et utrinque in angulum parvum pro-

ducto. Oculi laterales triangulares; clypeus vel margo

anticus capitis emarginatus. Antenne sublaterales

prope marginem internum oculorum insert, articulo

Imo maximo, plano, subquadrato, basi extus rotundato,

intus profunde inciso ; 2ndo parvo obconico paullo cur-

vato, 8tio minuto annuliformi, 4to ad 8vum parvis sub-

equalibus, singulo extus incisione parva subapicali

notato; 9no ovali vix articulato. Mandibule robuste

trigone apice curvato bifido, parte supera apicis supra

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) D

34 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of

truncata (quasi dente altero truncato armate). Trophi

reliqui obsoleti. Prothorax magnus transversus, planus,

lateribus rotundatis; meso- et metathorax brevibus

angustioribus. Ale antice (saltem in maribus) rudi-

mentariz, prope angulos anticos mesothoracis insert,

stylum longitudine pronoti, sensim ad apicem attenu-

atum, subarticulatum et longe setigerum, formantes.

Pedes breves valde incrassati, tibiis anticis subtrigonis

apice spinosis, tarsis brevibus crassis ut videtur 3-articu-

latis, articulis duobus basalibus brevissimis ; tibiis in-

termediis vix crassitudine dimidium tibiarum anticarum

equantibus; tarsis ut videtur 4-articulatis, articulis 3

basalibus brevissimis, pulvillo permagno. Abdomen

parvum subovale apice styligero, retinaculis in mari-

bus elongatis apice curvalis 3-dentatis. Foemina mihi

invisa.

Sycobiella Saundersti, n.s. (Pl. V., figs. 13—19).

Pallide luteo-fulva ; oculis nigris, mandibulis apice et

medio clypei castaneis. Long. corp. fere 2 mm.

Habitat in India orientali, Calcutta, in F’. Indica, D.

Wood-Mason. In Mus. 8S. 8S. Saunders.

The form of the short, strong mandibles, the remark-

ably dilated basal joint of the antenne inserted at the

sides of the head near the inner margin of the black

eyes, and the curious rudimentary pair of alary appen- ©

dages, distinguish this insect from the other apterous or

subapterous fig-insects.

Sycoscaprer, S. S. Saunders MSS., n. g.

Corpus parvum in utroque sexu, apterum vel sub-

apterum. Caput magnum thorace latius et fere ejus-

dem magnitudine subconvexum, angulis anticis sub-

acutis, et truncatis ; posticis densim rotundatis, margine

postico capitis emarginato; lateribus rotundatis parce

setosis. Mandibule crasse curvate, porrecte, apice

acuto integro, intus prope medium denticulo parvo in-

structe, basiextus valde incise. Maxille, salteminfcoemina,

parvee, lobo apicali obtuso setoso, basi utrinque laterali-

ter, ut videtur, squama oblonga defense ; palpis maxil-

laribus 4-articulatis, articulo 2ndo majori, apicali subu-

lato seta terminato; mentum obovale, fere longitudine

insects infesting figs. 35

maxillarum, palpis labialibus parvis biarticulatis, articu-

lis fere equalibus, apice seta longa terminato. Antenne

breves, basi valde approximate et in medio antico cly-

pei inserte ; articulo 1mo longo, parum incrassato, vix

dilatato, 2ndo precedenti dimidio breviori, 3tio minimo

annuliformi ; 4to brevi cyathiformi, 5to ejusdem forme

at minori, 6to 7mo et 8vo, fere equalibus et precedenti

(5to) paullo majoribus, reliquis tribus massam ovalem

majorem formantibus. Thorax oblongus subovalis de-

pressus. Pronotum magnum angulis anticis rotundatis.

Mesonoto et metanoto brevibus, singulo lateribus rotun-

datis. Ale antic (in utroque sexu?, certe in feemina) rudi-

mentarie, thoracis longitudine, e filamento tenui, cylin-

drico multiarticulato formate. Ale postice obsolete.

Pedes breves crassi, coxis magnis squamiformibus ;

femoribus dilatatis; tibiis crassis clavatis, apicibus

acute multi-spinosis, tibiis anticis subtrigonis, inter-

mediis ovalibus basi angustioribus, posticis longioribus

curvatis extus serie denticulorum circiter 12 armatis.

Tarsis omnibus crassis brevibus et 5-articulatis, articulis

4 basalibus brevissimis obliquis, 5to maximo incrassato ;

unguibus crassis, basi intus acute dilatatis. Abdomen

oblongo-ovatum, postice attenuatum ; genitalibus maris

exsertis, retinaculis duobus tridentatis.

Sycoscapter insignis, 8. 8. Saunders MSS. (PI. V.,

figs. 20—29).

Totus pallide luteo-fulvus nitidus, capite magis fulvo,

mandibulis magis castaneis. Long. corp. circ. 2 mm.

Habitat in India orientali, Calcutta, in F’. Indica, D.

Wood-Mason. In Mus. Saunders et nostr.

The general similarity in form in the two sexes of this

insect, the acute apex of the rather short and robust

mandibles, pointed at the tips, the existence of maxilla,

labium and palpi, at least in the females, the place of

insertion and structure of the antenna, the short strong

and nearly equal-sized legs, 5-jointed tarsi, and the very

remarkable structure of the rudimentary pair of wings,

which I have only noticed in the females, attached near

the anterior lateral angles of the mesothorax, distinguish

this genus from the other apterous or subapterous species

of these fig-parasites.

36 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of

SYCOSCAPTELLA, N. g.

Characteres e mare descripti. Corpus parvum, apterum,

depressum. Caput magnum pronoto paullo latius, sub-

depressum angulis posticis rotundatis dense setigeris ;

oculis sublateralibus reniformibus antice attenuatis ;

ocellis 0; antenne capite breviores, basi approximate

in medio clypei inserte ; articulo lmo magno depresso

subclavato, 2ndo parvo, 3tio fere indistincto, 5 sequenti-

bus brevibus, inter se subarcte applicatis, ultimo breviter

ovato in medio quasi 2-articulato. Mandibule parve

apice acuto integro; palpi distincti, maxillares breves,

4-articulati, articulis duobus intermediis paullo majori-

bus. Prothorax magnus subplanus, angulis anticis

rotundatis; mesothorax transversus, angulis, anticis

paullo lobatis ; metathorax brevis. Ale 0? Abdomen

basi latitudine metanoti «quale, lobo medio semiovali

antice producto; retinaculis maris elongatis subclavatis

tridentatis. Pedes breves crassi, femoribus anticis dila-

tatione basali cum trochantere continua; tibiis anticis

perbrevibus subtrigonis apice spinigeris, tibiis inter-

mediis parum angustioribus; tibiis posticis augustiori-

bus spinigeris ; tarsis perbrevibus ut videtur 3-articulatis,

articulis duobus basalibus in pedibus anticis extus dila-

tatis setas longas nonnullas emittentibus.

Sycoscaptella afinis, n.s. (Pl. VI., figs. 30—85).

Tota pallide lutea, mandibulis castaneis, pedibus fulvis.

Long. corp. 2 mm.

Habitat in India orientali, Calcutta, D. Wood-Mason,

in F.. Indica. In Mus. 8. 8. Saunders.

This insect is closely allied to Sycoscapter in the in-

sertion of the antenne closely together in the middle of

the clypeus, but the joints of the clava of these organs

are continuous and not cyathiform, and the formation of

the legs, and especially of the tarsi, differs from that of

Sycoscapter. 1 was not able to observe any rudimentary

alary appendage in the only specimen I have seen, which

has been mounted in Canada balsam by Sir Sidney S.

Saunders.

insects infesting figs. 37

IDARNELLA, N. g.

Idarnes (pars), Walker, ‘ Notes on Chalcidie,’ p. 62.

The genus Idarnes was proposed by Walker (Ann. Nat.

Hist., xu. 47) for the reception of a minute female chal-

cidideous insect from St. Vincent’s, West Indies (J. carme),

with extremely long ovipositor and slender body, the

palpi being described in that species as biarticulate ; the

antenne short and clavate (the number of joints not

being indicated), the 1st joint long and thick, the 2nd

cyathiform, the 3rd and following very short; the pro-

thorax large and transverse; the abdomen as ‘“ longi-

ovatum,” with the Ist segment large; the oviduct very

long, the vagine being thrice the length of the body ;

the femora of the fore and hind legs thick, the middle

legs being “‘ graciles.”

The type, Idarnes carme, is brassy green, with the

abdomen cupreous, antenne black, legs fulvous, eyes

and ocelli red, oviduct fulvous, sheaths black.

Idarnella transiens,* Walker (op. cit., p. 62). (Pl. VL.,

figs. 36—42).

The species which is represented in the accompany-

ing figures inhabits Hindostan and Ceylon, and is

distinguished by a rather large head, long slender

antenne in both sexes, the basal joint being long and

not clavate, the 2nd joint about one-fourth of the length

of the preceding, the 8rd small and annular, the four

following equal sized, each rather longer than the 2nd,

and the 9th, 10th, and 11th forming a long articulated

mass, pointed at the tip. The prothorax is rather small

and conical. The fore wings have an elongated de-

flexed vein. The abdomen of the male is armed with two

3-dentate retinacula, whilst that of the female is term-

inated by a long slender cylindrical joint as long as the

whole of the preceding portion of the abdomen, and this

is succeeded by another still more slender cylindrical

joint, from the extremity of which arise the two sheaths

of the very elongate ovipositor (thickened at their

extremities), the ovipositor itself being extremely slender

and hair-like.

* The typical specimen of I. carme, in the British Museum, has

unfortunately lost its head,

38 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of

The following characters of Idarnes, as described by

Walker, seem sufficient to separate this insect generically

from the type of the genus, J. carme (for the former of

which I propose the name of Idarnella). The antenne

are clavate, 10-jointed, the 1st and 2nd joints long and

slender, the 8rd and following short and transverse ; the

prothorax elongate-conical ; the abdomen lanceolate, a

little longer than the thorax ; oviduct setose, much more

than twice the length of the body, tubiform, and like the

body in colour towards the base; sheaths black, and

with the usual structure from thence to the tip, the tubi-

form part as long as the abdomen. Legs short, stout;

coxe long; fore femora incrassated, four posterior

femora slightly incrassated; tibie with two apical

spines.*

Idarnes stabilis, Walker (op. cit., p. 62), also reared

from Ficus Indica by Sir W. Elliott, is described by

Walker as golden green, much like J. transiens in struc-

ture, with the sheaths of the oviduct black, thrice the

length of the body, with the usual structure, not tubi-

form towards the base. I presume from the latter

character that J. stabilis agrees with I. carme generically.

Idarnes pteromaloides, Walker (op. cit., p. 68), also

infesting Ficus Indica and discovered by Sir W. Elliott,

is described as golden green, with 9-jointed ? subclavate

antenne, inserted near the mouth, with the club fusi-

form, longer than the two preceding joints together ; the

prothorax somewhat elongate; the mesothorax rather

small, with the sutures of the parapsides indistinct ; the

abdomen convex, with four segments a little longer,

broader, and deeper than the thorax, terminating in a

lanceolate black tube, which is about one-sixth of the

whole length. Wings pellucid; veins very pale yel-

lowish ; ulna much shorter than the humerus; radius

shorter than the ulna, cubitus shorter than the radius,

descending abruptly to the disk; stigma small. It has

not the long oviduct which distinguishes the other

species of the genus, which character alone, in my

opinion, sufficiently separates it generically from the

* I. transiens, foem.—‘ Lutescens, caput transversum ; antenne

fusce, 10-articulate basi pallide flave; prothorax longi-conicus

petiolus brevissimus ; abdomen lanceolatum, thorace paullo longius ;

oviductus corpore plus duplo longior, basi tubiformis ; femora sub-

incrassata ; ale diaphane venis pallide flavis.” Long. corp. 1 lin,

insects infesting figs. 39

other Idarnes, as well as Idarnella; but it possesses other

characters, not noticed by Walker, which will be described

and figured in a future paper, in which also detailed de-

scriptions and figures of Sycophila megastigmoides and

decatomoides (Walker, op. cit., p. 64), also found by Sir

W. Elliott infesting Ficus Indica, will be given.

SPECIES OF INSECTS INFESTING THE SEEDS

OF FICUS RELIGIOSA IN CEYLON.

I am indebted to the great care and attention bestowed

on the investigation of the species of hymenopterous

parasites infesting the seeds of figs of various kinds in

Ceylon by the late Dr. G. H. K. Thwaites, of the Botanic

Gardens at Paradenyia, and by J. Stainforth Green,

Esq., of Colombo, for specimens of a great number of

distinct species preserved both in spirits of wine and

mounted in Canada balsam.

The species of figs observed to be infested with these

little parasites in Ceylon are—1, Ficus (Urostigma)

religiosa, Linn. ; 2, F’. asperrima, Keenig. ; 3, F’. (Covellia)

glomerata, Willd.; 4, F. (Urostigma) laccifera, Roxb. ;

5, F. (Urostigma) Tyiela, Roxb. ; 6, F. (Urostigma) My-

soriensis, Roxb.; 7, F’. (Urostigma) infectoria, Willd.; 8, F.

parasitica, Kenig; 9, F’. (Covellia) oppositifolia, Willd. ;

10, F. heterophylla, Roxb.; 11, F. Wightiana; 12, F.

modesta ; and 18, F’. cinerascens.

As the fruit of most of these species of Ficus is

infested with a number of distinct parasites of very

minute size, often under a line in length, their micro-

scopical investigation will occupy considerable time, and

must form the subjects of partial publication from time

to time. On the present occasion I describe some of

those infesting Ficus religiosa :—

OTITESELLA, 0. g.

Characteres masculini descripti. Corpus minutum

subdepressum subapterum. Caput oblongum parum

convexum, angulis posticis rotundatis, margine antice

in lobos duos rotundos supra basin mandibularum por-

recto. Oculi laterales versus angulos anticos capitis

positi. Ocelli 0. Mandibule magne porrecte, fere

40 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of

capitis longitudine, apice acuto curvato et supra denticulo

truncato instructo; margine interno mandibularum dente

latiori truncato pone medium armato. Maxille et

labium ut videtur obsoleta. Antenne longiores in medio

partis postice capitis inserte, articulo Imo magno

ovali compresso, 2ndo mediocri (annuli pone 2um obso-

leti), 5 sequentibus parvis fere equalibus, ultimo fere 2di

magnitudine, ovali, ut videtur ex annulis tribus (2us

apicalibus minutis) formato. Thorax oblongo-quadratus,

prothorace magno, mesothorace transverso, versus angu-

los anticos utrinque ala rudimentaria instructo. Pedes

valde robusti, omnibus subequalibus, femoribus magnis

ovalibus compressis ; tibiis robustis, anticis apice spini-

geris; posticis 4 extus rotundato-dilatatis ; apice interno

calcaratis ; tarsis magnis articulis tribus brevissimis, 4to

apicali maximo, unguibus robustis basi dilatatis. Abdo-

men basi metanoti latitudine, apice attenuato, genitalibus

utrinque retinacula denticulata armatis.

The general form of the body in this genus closely

resembles that of the males of Sycoscapter, but the

structure of the mandibles, the position of the antenne,

and the form of the alary rudiments and tarsi separate

it from the other subapterous groups of fig-insects.

Otitesella digitata, n.s. (Pl. VIL., figs. 483—51).

Mas. ‘Tota fulva; mandibulis margine interno in

medio rotundato emarginatis, tarsis omnibus articulo

4to maximo ovali et in pedibus 4 posticis nigro, retina-

culis 4 denticulatis; alis rudimentalibus e stylo tenui

biarticulato apice longe-setigero et vix mesonoto longiori

formatis. Long. corp. circ. 2 mm.

Habitat in F. religiosa, in insula Tabrobana (DD.

Thwaites et J. Stainforth Green), In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

The singularly dilated large-sized terminal joint of the

tarsi and alary appendages distinguish this species from

every other known hymenopterous insect.

Otitesella religiosa, n.s. (Pl. VII., figs. 52—57).

Mas. Parva. Tota luteo-fulva ; subaptera, capite sub-

quadrato, angulis anticis et posticis rotundatis ; pronoto

transverso, breviori, subquadrato, angulis posticis setis

nonnullis longis instructis; alis duabus rudimentariis

‘

_ EE

insects infesting figs. 41

longitudine pronoti, e filamento tenui cylindrico 6-articu-

lato formatis, articulis 4 ultimis seta longa extus in-

structis; abdomine basi metanoto angustiori; pedibus

brevibus, robustis, tarsorum articulis tribus basalibus

brevibus, ultimo crasso, subclavato ; mandibulis robustis,

porrectis apice acutis, extus ante apicem dente truncato

instructis ; margine interno in medio in lobum latum

planum intus dilatato ; retinaculis latis 5 dentatis. Long.

corp. circ. 2 mm.

Habitat in F’. religiosa, in insula Taprobana (DD.

Thwaites et J. Stainforth Green). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Sycoscapter monilifer, n.s. (Pl. VIII., figs. 58—62).

Totus luteo-fulvus. Apterus, capite magno subquad-

rato, antice paullo angustiore, angulis anticis recte

truncatis, posticis rotundatis et pronoto parum latioribus ;

lateribus serie tuberculorum 16 parvorum singulo seta

instructo ; antennis parvis in medio clypei basi approxi-

matis; articulo lmo magno clavato, 2ndo fere dimidium

longitudine primi equanti, 3tio cyathiformi intus paullo

extenso, 4to minuto, 5to, 6to, et 7mo parvis equalibus,

reliquis massam ovalem exarticulatam ? formantibus ;

oculis lateralibus versus angulos anticos capitis positis :

mandibulis porrectis mediocribus apice integro acuto ;

dente truncato sub apicem armatis; margine interno

parum curvato, denteque basali instructis (maxillis labio

palpisque haud observatis). Prothorace semiovali, angu-

lis anticis rotundatis, capite parum angustiori angulis

posticis subacutis, singulo seta valida porrecta instructo ;

alarum rudimentis non detectis; abdomine attenuato,

thorace breviori, apice in stylum tenuem terminato, reti-

naculis non detectis ; pedibus satis robustis ; tibiis pos-

ticis apice parum clavatis, tarsis gracilibus 5-articulatis

articulo Imo elongato, subtus apice parum dilatato

setoso, pedibus intermediis femoribus tibiisque crassi-

oribus. De sexu nihil constat. Long. corp. circ. 2 mm.

Habitat in F’. religiosa, in insula Taprobana. (DD.

Thwaites et J. 8. Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz.

Sycoscapter gracilipes, n.s. (Pl. VIIL., figs. 683—66).

Mas. Precedenti valde similis, totus luteo-fulvus,

differt capite angulis anticis rotundatis, mandibulis fal-

catis apice acuto denteque oblique truncato sub apicem

42 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of

armatis, maxillis labio palpisque, ut videtur, obsoletis ;

pronoto angulis posticis seta porrecta instructis ; meso-

noto absque rudimentis alarum; abdomine thorace

minori, apice attenuato ; genitalibus retinaculis 2, 4-den-

ticulatis armatis ; pedibus subelongatis tarsis simplicibus

5-articulatis, articulo Imo in pedibus posticis tribus

sequentibus simul sumptis fere eque-longo; an mas

speciei precedentis ? Long. corp. fere 2 mm.

Habitat in F’. religiosa, in insula Taprobana. (DD.

Thwaites et J. S.Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

Sycoscaptella ? anguliceps, n.s. (Pl. IX., figs. 67—75).

Mas. Minuta, luteo-fulva; capite oblongo-quadrato,

lateribus parallelis setis tribus longis instructis, margine

antico fere recto angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis in

angulum parvum extus porrectum productis; oculis

versus angulos anticos positis ; antennis parvis, basi in

medio clypei approximatis ; articulo 1mo elongato apice

incrassato, 2ndo ovali (annulis sequentibus haud de-

tectis) articulis 5 proximis parvis 2ndo minoribus, ultimo

(Svo) ovali integro; mandibulis parvis falcatis apice

acutis integris, maxillis labio et palpis, ut videtur, obso-

letis ; thorace oblongo, aptero, prothorace magno, meso-

et meta-thorace majori, abdomine postice attenuato, geni-

talibus retinaculis 2us angustis curvatis armatis ; pedibus

mediocribus, tarsis 5-articulatis, pedum 4 anticorum

articulis simplicibus, tribus basalibus, in anticis brevissi-

mis, in intermediis brevibus, 5to longitudine precedenti-

bus simul sumptis «quali, unguibus crassis basi dila-

tatis; tibiis pedum posticorum calcari longo apicali tar-

sisque difformibus et ut videtur 5-articulatis, articulo

1lmo oblongo subtus serie duplici spinarum parvarum,

setaque longissima apicali armato, articulo 2ndo parvo

sub apicem precedentis abscondito, 8tio minuto, 4to

brevi setis circiter 4 longissimis apicalibus instructo,

articulo ultimo crasso oblongo ovato, unguibus basi

dilatatis pulvilloque ordinario armatis. Long. cire.

2 mm.

Habitat in F. religiosa, in insula Taprobana (DD.

Thwaites et J. S. Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

In addition to the preceding species of fig-insects in-

festing Ficus religiosa, I have received the following

additional species, parasitic on the same plant, which

will require description ;—

insects infesting figs. : 43

1. Both sexes of a species of Blastophaga, of which

the antenne of the female are strongly clavate with the

terminal joints armed with very strong compressed

bristles.

2. A female Idarnella of comparatively large size ;

two individuals of a green colour, and one fulvous.

8, 4. Females of two species (Idarnes ?) with ovi-

positors much longer than the body, and of the ordinary

structure ; oné pitchy coloured on the back, with the

legs and under side pale yellow; the other rather larger,

pale yellow, with the abdomen banded with dark brown,

and the outer sheath of the ovipositor setose throughout

its whole length.

5. A large fulvous-winged female, like an Hwrytoma,

with unspotted wings.

6. Asmall, winged, brassy-green, polished species, with

the ovipositor not exserted.

7. The winged male of a very small fulvous species,

with large black eyes, possibly the male of an Idarnes or

Idarnella.

I add to the preceding descriptions of species infesting

the seeds of Ficus Indica and religiosa the description of

another species which infests Ficus asperrima in Ceylon,

and which seems to be identical with the male insect de-

scribed by Dr. P. Mayer as the male of Ichnewmon

ficarius (Mitth. d. Zool. Station z. Neapel, vol. ii1., pl. xxv.,

fig. 2; and pl. xxvi., figs. 1, 2, 6 and 8), but which

has no relationship with the insect figured by him as

the Ichnewmon ficarius female, which is an Idarnella ;

whereas the present insect appears to belong to my genus

Sycoscaptella, and is remarkable for possessing four rudi-

mentary alary appendages.

Sycoscaptella ? 4-setosa, n.s. (Pl. X., figs. 76—85).

Fulva, nitida, subconvexa, capite saturatiore, abdomine

albido, mandibulis apice acutis integris, intus obtuse

dentatis; capite subquadrato antice parum angustiori

angulis posticis rotundatis (inde subcordato) setis longis

instructis; clypeo in medio supra profunde impresso

genis infra in medio in tubercula duo porrecta, maxillis

minutis labioque cum palpis inter tubercula affixis,

maxillarum lobo apicali setoso, palpis maxillaribus 4-

articulatis, articulo basali longiori, palpis labialibus

44 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions oy

minutis biarticulatis: antennis parvis, ut videtur 8-

articulatis, annulis inter 2um et 3um articulos et articu-

lis ? in ultimo haud computatis : prothorace magno antice

rotundato fere magnitudine capitis, setis paucis longis

lateralibus instructis ; mesothorace et metathorace per-

brevibus, singulo filamentis duobus (alis rudimentalibus)

instructis, latitudinem thoracis longitudine equantibus,

setosis et, ut videtur, multiarticulatis; pedibus per-

brevibus incrassatis spinigeris; tarsis pedum anticorum

brevissimis articulis basalibus arcte coalitis; pedum

intermediorum 4-articulatis, articulis 3 basalibus brevi-

bus at simplicibus, 4to parvo clavato; tarsis pedum pos-

ticorum difformibus, articulo basali longiori subtus in

lobum producto, articulis 2 vel 3 ? minimis, ultimo elon-

gato clavato; unguibus omnibus crassis basi dilatatis ;

abdomine thorace minori et angustiori segmentis apicali-

bus attenuatis, genitalibus exsertis, retinaculis duobus,

apice 3-dentatis, lobis duobus membranaceis apice seta

instructis, pene gracili curvato. Long. corp. maris

circiter 1} mm.

Habitat in F’. asperrima, in insula Taprobana. (DD.

Thwaites et J. S. Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz.

I also add, by way of further illustration of the fig-

insects, a figure of—

Palmon (Pachytomus) Klugianus. (Pl. X., figs. 86—88).

Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., vol. iv., p. 260; pl. 10

fig. 238, with details.

“ Ex ficubus Aigypti,” a specimen of which was kindly

communicated to me by the late Dr. Klug. I do not

know the species of Ficus which it infests, and am not

acquainted with the female, which has probably an elon-

gated, exserted ovipositor.

Respecting this insect Dr. Paul Mayer observes :—

“G. Mayr giebt an (Die europdischen Torymiden, Verh.

zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., 1874, xxiv., p. 68 Anm.) die

Merkmale von Pachytomus nach Westwood (Trans. Ent.

Soc., iv., p. 260) passen auf die g von Podagrion, Spin.

und hochst wahrscheinlich seien die in Feigen gefundenen

Exemplare in dieselben nur eingedrungen, um Zucker zu

lecken (op. cit., p. 581, note 3).

insects infesting figs.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE IV.

. Sycobia bethyloides, magnified.

. Mandible of ditto.

. Maxillary and labial palpi of ditto.

. Front of clypeus and antenna of ditto.

. Extremity of hind leg of ditto.

. Extremity of the male genitalia of ditto, with the retinacula

seen obliquely.

. One of the retinacula of ditto, seen flat.

. Head of a smaller male specimen of ditto, with smaller

mandibles.

. Walkerella temeraria, magnified.

. Extremity of mandibles of ditto.

. Antenna of male.

. Extremity of the male genitalia of ditto.

PLATE V.

. Sycobiella Saundersii, male, magnified.

. Mandible of ditto.

. Antenna of ditto.

. Alary appendage of ditto.

. Fore leg of ditto.

. Tarsi of intermediate legs of ditto.

. Extremity of the male genitalia of ditto.

. Sycoscapter insignis, male, magnified.

. Mandible of ditto.

. Maxille, labium, and palpi of ditto.

. Antenna of ditto, with several detached joints.

. Part of the middle of one of the rudimentary wings of

ditto.

. Fore leg of ditto.

. Hind leg of ditto.

. Metathorax and abdomen of the male, with the terminal

parts withdrawn.

. Male genitalia of ditto, exserted.

. Extremity of ditto, with the retinacula.

46 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of

PLATE VI.

Fic. 30. Head of Sycoscaptella affinis, male.

31. Mandibles and maxillary palpi of ditto.

32. Antenna of ditto.

33. Fore leg of ditto.

34. Hind leg of ditto.

35. Extremity of male abdomen of ditto.

36. Idarnella transiens, male.

37. “3 js female.

38. Antenna of male I. transiens.

39. 55 female 5

40. Stigmal portion of wing of female ditto.

41. Hind leg of male ditto.

42. Extremity of abdomen of male ditto.

PLATE VII.

43. Otitesella digitata, magnified.

44, Mandible of ditto.

45. Antenna of ditto.

46. Extremity of second and the following joint of antenna.

47. Alary appendages of mesothorax of ditto.

48. Extremity of fore leg of ditto.

49. Tibia and tarsus of intermediate leg of ditto.

50. Tibia and tarsus of hind leg of ditto.

51. Genitalia of male O. digitata.

52. Otitesella religiosa, magnified.

53. Mandibles of ditto.

54. Extremity of basal and terminal joints of antenna.

55. Alary appendage of mesothorax of ditto.

56. Tarsus of intermediate leg of ditto.

57. Genitalia of male O. religiosa.

PLATE VIII.

58. Sycoscapter monilifer, magnified.

59. Right side of the head, mandibles, and antenna of ditto.

60. Extremity of fore tibia and tarsus of ditto.

61. $3 middle tibia and tarsus of ditto.

62. re hind tibia and tarsus of ditto.

63. Sycoscapter gracilipes, magnified.

64. Front of head, mandibles, and antenna of ditto.

65. Hind tarsus of ditto.

66. One of the retinacula of male ditto.

Fic. 67.

68.

69.

70.

insects infesting figs. 47

PLATE IX.

Sycoscaptella ? anguliceps, magnified.

Right side of head, mandibles, and antenna of ditto.

Mandibles of ditto, seen from beneath.

Fore tarsus of ditto.

Middle tarsus of ditto.

72, 73, 74. Hind tarsus of ditto, in different positions.

75.

76.

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

82.

83.

84.

85.

86.

87.

88.

Genitalia of male ditto.

PLATE X.

Sycoscaptella quadrisetosa, magnified.

Front of under side of the head, showing the porrected

tubercles, between which the maxille and labium are

inserted.

Outer lobe of one of the maxille, one of the maxillary

palpi, and the two labial palpi of ditto.

Mandibles and bilobed under side of head of ditto.

Antenna of ditto.

Extremity of prothorax, mesothorax, and base of meta-

thorax, of one side of the thorax, showing the two

rudimentary winglets.

Extremity of the anterior tibia of ditto.

Intermediate tibia and tarsus of ditto.

Hind leg of ditto.

Genitalia of male.

Palmon (Pachytomus) Klugianus, magnified.

Part of front margin of fore wing of ditto.

Fore leg of ditto.

ie) aa

Ai Var MedNet sete

(49) »)

III. Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected im Chili by

Thomas Edmonds, Esq. By Arruur G. Buruer,

FLib.,) BYA.8.,: &e.

[Read November 1st, 1882. |

Puate XI.

PART IV.—PYRALES anv MICROS.

THe collection of these groups, although less perfect

than in the other tribes, consists of not less than seventy

species.

In Berg’s paper on Patagonian Lepidoptera an effort

has been made to identify two or three of Blanchard’s

genera, but, apart from the imperfection of the figures

and descriptions in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’ it was im-

probable that the genera would be invariably correctly

identified among species taken in Patagonia; and,

although I labour under a similar difficulty when trying

to recognise in Berg’s paper identifications of Chilan

species, [ nevertheless have better descriptions to work

with.

After a careful examination of Berg’s descriptions I

have been unable to recognise any of his new species as

indubitably conspecific with Chilian forms; the only

moths which seem to be probably identical are what I

regard as Depressaria desertorum and a small Gelechia.

With respect to Blanchard’s genera, recorded and in

part redescribed by Berg, I have a few words to say:

Phycopterus, Blanch., is a genus closely allied to Spilodes,

having palpi considerably longer than the head; it has

no connection whatever with Nymphula.* Lindera is

identical with Setomorpha of Zeller = Chrestotes, Butler,

both of which it will supersede: it appears to me that

‘Berg has rightly identified this genus, which evidently

has an unusually wide range.

With reference to some of Zeller’s species, it is to be

regretted that they were described from single examples,

* The figure, though not bad in outline, is very imperfect as

regards markings.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) E

50 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

but at the same time his descriptions and figures are so

good as to leave little to be desired on that head: one

thing alone troubles me, and that is the marvellous

elasticity of his genus Cryptolechia, which, as it now

stands, appears to combine the characters of Depressaria,

Hypercallia, and not a few undescribed (though surely

sufficiently distinct) genera. Iam aware that the genus

is divided by its author into groups, to some of which he

has given distinctive names, thus introducing a tri-

nomial system; but, with all due deference to an author

who has paid considerably more attention to Micro-

Lepidoptera than it has been possible for me to do, it

would, I think, be decidedly preferable to raise these

groups to the rank of genera: the characters given to

distinguish typical Cryptolechia from Machimia do not

seem to be strictly adhered to, for if ‘ Wicklergestalt und

scharfer Vorderflugelspitze’ represent the prominent

characteristics of Cryptolechia, C. tortricella should be

referred to Machimia, and C. ochracea and fasciatipedella

to Cryptolechia ; as for C. fenestella, | cannot see why it

should be separated from Hypercallia, with which, in

spite of its more slender and longer palpi and narrower

wings, it agrees fairly well in neuration and style of

coloration; in pattern and form of wing it comes nearer

to Walker’s H. igniferella than to H. citrinalis.

Following Professor Zeller’s own definition, which

corresponds with his original description in referring the

species having the apex of the primaries acute to Crypto-

lechia,* I transfer C. ochracea and fasciatipedella to this

genus. The apex of the wing is not only acute, but

subfaleate, whereas the type of Machimia, according to

Stainton, has ‘‘the hind margin obliquely pointed.”

Unhappily we do not possess an example of M. tentori-

feyella, but the C. carnea of Zeller, and other species

referred by this author to Machima, show no trace of

faleation; C. notimacula has, moreover, a rounded apex

and paipi sufficiently characteristic to distinguish it from

either genus, though bringing it nearer to Tortricopsis ;

in my opinion it would be better located under Stenoma,

some of the species of which genus show a similar form

of wing and style of coloration ; the remarkable palpi,

however (see Zeller’s figure), which somewhat closely

* See Lord Walsingham’s observations on the genus in Trans.

Ent. Soc., Lond., 1881, pp. 253-4.

collected in Chili. Bal

agree with those of Walker’s Indian genus Binsitta,

make it necessary to separate it. I shall therefore

propose for this species the generic name of Call-

stenoma. -(See Pl. XI., figs. 8, 8a).

C. renselariana of Cramer was referred by Walker,

with hesitation, to his genus Torda; unhappily the type

of the latter genus is one of those singular Deltoid-like

Tortricide with a little open ear-like pouch at the base

of the primaries. T’. altana, propriana, and concolorana

are species of the allied genus Uzeda = Auchoteles of

Zeller ; it will, therefore, be impossible to use the name

Torda for Zeller’s fifth division of Cryptolechia.

Mr. Edmonds’ collection contains no Galeriide. With

one exception (Schistotheca canescens, Ragonot), I know

of no other species from Chili, the Oratha signijicata of

Walker, placed by that author.in this family, being a

Geometer and identical with Alsophila hypparia, female,

of Felder and Rogenhofer, which it will supersede.

PYRALIDA.

BurpHarocervs, Blanchard.

A genus closely allied to Zitha of Walker.

1. Blepharocerus rosellus.*

Blepharocerus rosellus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 102, n. 1; pl. 7, fig. 12 (1852).

‘Las Zorras, in March.”—T'. E.

AcTENIA, Gruenée.

2. Actenia rubescens, n. 8.

Primaries above sericeous flesh-brown, crossed in the

middle by two pale-bordered parallel dusky stripes,

which enclose the central area ; they are nearly straight

from costal margin to submedian vein, where they are

abruptly elbowed; a marginal blackish line; fringe

creamy yellowish, traversed by two brown lines;

secondaries of male creamy yellowish, feebly and

minutely grey-speckled, of the female shining greyish

white ; a marginal series of subconfluent black spots;

fringe traversed by a dusky line, reddish brown in the

* Blanchard’s figure omits the inner band across the primaries,

and the abbreviated dusky arched stripe, greyish tint, subconfluent

blackish marginal dots, and the line on the fringe of secondaries.

52 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

male, grey in the female; thorax flesh-coloured ; abdo-

men of the male whitish, with reddish anal tuft, of the

female greyish; primaries below more or less suffused

with blackish grey; the central stripes only distinct at

costa, where they are represented by whitish-bordered

black dashes; secondaries shining whitish, brownish

along costal and external borders; an abbreviated black

stripe from the costa to the end of the cell; margin

and fringe as above; body below reddish in the male,

eevee in the female ; tarsi white. Expanse of wings,

6 mm.

‘“‘ Valparaiso, November and December.”—T. E.

This species was placed with Godara chilensis.

APORODES, Guenée.

3. Aporodes efficitalis.

Herbula ? efficitalis, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., Suppl. 4,

p- 1287 (1865).

“Valparaiso, in December.” —T. E.

Walker believed the type of this species to be from

New York, and I find a label to that effect in the col-

lection ; but itis just as likely that the example was from

Chili; it is allied to A. subsequalis of Guenée.

ENNYCHIIDA.

RwopariA, Guenée.

4. Rhodaria chilialis.

Pyralis chilialis, Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise der

Fregatte Novara, iv., pl. cxxxiv, fig. 30 (1875).

‘Valparaiso, October and November.”—T. E.

5. Rhodaria purpuraria, i. s.

Allied-to R. chilialis; primaries above deep ferru-

ginous, irrorated with blackish, the fringe traversed by a

deep rose-coloured stripe with lilac inner and green outer

edge; a narrow oblique white stripe just before the

external third, and slightly inarched towards the inner

margin; secondaries fuliginous ; the basal half pale and.

somewhat ochraceous, a narrow ochreous stripe just

beyond it ; fringe shining pearl-grey, tipped with whitish

collected in Chili. 53

and traversed by an indistinct ochreous line; body

ereyish ochreous, the tegule reddish on the shoulders ;

primaries below sericeous blackish grey, with the costal

and external borders and an imperfect discal stripe

reddish clay-coloured ; fringe almost covered by a broad

ereyish band; secondaries yellowish clay-coloured,

crossed by two subparallel blackish stripes; fringe

greyish, shining; body pale testaceous; legs whitish.

Expanse of wings, 23 mm.

** Chillan, near the town, in March.”—T. E.

Only one example obtained.

BOTIDIDA.

OROBENA, Guenée.

6. Orobena mitis, n. s.

Primaries above whitish cinereous, the costal border

slightly blackish, a black-brown stripe across the basal

third, inangled from the median vein; discoidal spots

blackish, the reniform large, and with or without a white

dash upon it ; the post-median stripe pure white, widely

sinuous (geschwungen), with slender black inner edging

and a broad dark brown outer border; a submarginal

series of black dots, followed by a dusky sinuated. line ;

fringe whitish, traversed by a dusky stripe ; secondaries

shining whity-brown, almost golden; suffused with pale

erey, crossed beyond the middle by an abbreviated

angular blackish line, followed by a blackish streak ;

submarginal spots, marginal line, and fringe as in the

primaries ; body ash-grey ; under surface greyish white,

with pale gold reflections, the borders of primaries and

the secondaries whiter than the remainder of the surface;

blackish disco-cellular lunules ; black submarginal dots ;

marginal line and fringe as above; a pale-bordered

irregular dusky discal line ; body sreyish white. ee

of wings, 26 mm.

‘“‘Valparaiso, September, October, and November.” —

T. HE. .

Allied to O. sophialis, but very distinct.

Puycorterus, Blanchard.

Allied to Spilodes, but differing in the forking of the

subcostal veins of all the wings.

54 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

7. Phycopterus flavellus. (Pl. X1., fig. 1).

Phycopterus flavellus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ vil., p. 103, n. 1 (1852).

‘Corral, in February ; among Quilo.”—T’. E.

This species is not unlike Spilodes turbidalis, but the

oblique apical dash on the primaries is sharply defined,

and the secondaries only show a single indistinct arched

greyish line.

8. Phycopterus signariellus. (Pl. X1., fig.-2).

Phycopterus signariellus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna

Chilena,’ vii., p. 108, n. 2; pl. 7, fig. 18 (1852).

‘Corral, in February.”—T. EH.

This species has golden testaceous primaries, the

markings upon which are more or less distinct and of a

dull rose-colour, not brownish; the secondaries are

eream-coloured, with a pale rose-coloured angular line

beyond the middle; a marginal series of red-brown

liture and a series of blackish dots on the fringe. I

believe, notwithstanding the want of exactness in his de-

scription, that | am right in regarding this as Blanchard’s

species, and that it has nothing to do with M. Guenée’s

Nymphula rantalis.

Scopuna, Schranck.

9. Scopula anitina, n. 8.

Closely allied to S. fulvalis of Europe, with the same

colours, but the lines across the primaries above much

more slender ; the secondaries whiter, and consequently

with more distinct abbreviated grey discal line; pri-

maries of the female clouded like S. quadralis ; primaries

below with the apical costal black spots larger, but the

marginal spots smaller; the secondaries traversed by a

well-defined, arched grey discal stripe. Hxpanse of

wings, 22 mm.

‘“‘ Valparaiso, September and October.”—T". E.

10. Scopula cinerea, n. 8.

Possibly a variety of the preceding species, but closely

resembling S. inquinatalis of Hurope. from which it

differs in the larger and blacker costal spots on the

collected in Chili. 55

primaries on both surfaces; the fringe of all the wings

distinctly spotted with black on the under surface ; the

discal stripe on the under surface of primaries straight,

black; the entire surface of these wings darker, the

discal stripe of secondaries further down the outer

margin; the discoidal cell of the same wings shorter

and broader, and the palpi longer. Expanse of wings,

23 mm.

“ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E.

11. Scopula indistincta, n. 8.

Form and general whitish tint of S. decrepitalis, much

smaller; primaries above pale stramineous, with the

discoidal spots blackish ; the upper portion of the discal

line represented by a straight transverse series of black

dots running from the fourth black costal spot to the

second median branch ; the lower portion is only repre-

sented by a few black scales between the end of the cell

and the inner margin; the subbasal line is very oblique

and represented by four black dots; the marginal dots

are small; fringe blackish grey ; secondaries with an

imperfect discal grey stripe parallel to the outer margin,

followed by a submarginal series of rather large grey

spots and a marginal series of black dots; fringe grey

at the base; body white ; primaries below pale strami-

neous as above, the markings rather more distinct ;

secondaries white, with the borders slightly yellowish ;

the usual black markings, but the discal line slender ;

body below stramineous ; venter with lateral series of

black dots. Expanse of wings, 20 mm.

“‘ Valparaiso, in July.—T’. E.

S. indistincta somewhat resembles Duponchel’s figure

of Ebulea fimbriatalis.

12. Scopula melanosticta, 0. 8.

Form and pattern above of S. prunalis, but white, the

primaries slightly tinted with stramineous, the discoidal

spots black; the usual lines indistinct, the external

border greyish brown, with a submarginal series of

blackish spots; the usual black marginal dots; fringe

blackish ; secondaries with brownish external border ;

the usual black dots at the end of the cell and along the

56 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

outer margin; fringe white, traversed by a grey line;

body above pale testaceous; primaries below greyish,

the discoidal spots not so black as above ; other markings

much as usual; secondaries shining white, the costal

and external borders slightly tinted with stramineous ;

black markings as usual; pectus white ; legs and venter

slightly tinted with brown. Expanse of wings, 22mm.

Valparaiso ?

The single example was not numbered.

Nympuuta, Schranck.

13. Nymphula numeralis ?

Pyralis numeralis, Hubner, Samml. Hur. Schmett., Pyr.,

pl. 14, fig. 89.

“‘ Valparaiso, in April.” —T. E.

Whether this is actually Hubner’s insect or not I am

unable to decide, as we do not possess the species: it

much resembles Duponchel’s figures; that of Herrich-

Schaffer is entirely obliterated by the white-lead which

has been laid on thickly by the artist, and has turned

perfectly black. The Chilian species is certainly con-

generic with N. interpunctalis.

Gopara, Walker.

Allied to Pionea, but the males ‘with a reflexed tuft

near the base of the costa.” The Chilian species is

more like Cledeolia than Pionea in colouring. Zeller’s

type appears to have had the tufts either rubbed off or so

closely appressed to the wing as to be regarded as merely

black spots ; they are capable of being thrown forwards

so as to appear like a black process projecting from

the costal margin.

- 14. Godara chilensis.

Stemmatophora chilensis, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan.

Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 426 (1874).

“Valparaiso, November and December.” —T". E.

Two males were placed with Actenia rubescens, which

they somewhat resemble in coloration,

collected in Chili. 57

SCOPARIIDA.

Stenoprycua, Zeller.

This genus, In my opinion, should be placed near to

both Agathodes and Stenopteryx, notwithstanding the more

simple neuration of the decidedly narrower secondaries ;

the structure of the head seems to me to be decidedly

opposed to its location in the Pterophoride.

15. Stenoptycha zelleri, n. 8.

Nearest to S. lindigi of Felder and Rogenhofer ; pri-

maries reddish brown ; the apical third darker, bounded

internally by an irregularly curved ‘‘reniform”’ spot and

a chocolate-brown spot below it ; orbicular large, greyish,

black-edged, but partly obliterated by a longitudinal

semitransparent streak running through the radial inter-

spaces and the discoidal cell; an ill-defined red-brown

spot below the orbicular, and one or two angular blackish

costal dashes nearer to the base ; a slightly zigzag dusky

discal line with yellow external edge ; a marginal black

stripe with whitish inner edge; fringe white, traversed

by two black lines; secondaries pearl-white, semi-

transparent ; disco-cellulars, a sinuous subapical streak,

and a submarginal streak, greyish ; a blackish marginal

stripe ; fringe traversed by a blackish line ; body grey,

spotted with red-brown ; wings below pearl-white, almost

silvery, markings indistinct; body below chocolate-

brown ; legs with white tibiz and tarsi, barred with brown

at the extremities of the joints. Hxpanse of wings,

28—32 mm.

“Las Zorras, December and January.’—T. E.

The wings are thrown backwards in repose, the pri-

maries curving, and the secondaries folding over some-

what like a fan, so that the abdominal and external

margins form a continuous spiral line; they have no

upward tendency: the head is almost as large as in

Stenopteryx, owing to the prominence and size of the

eyes and the somewhat large and projecting palpi; the

antenne are, however, longer than in that genus. In the

secondaries the discoidal cell is long and large, more so

than in Stenopteryx, in which respect it differs widely

from the Pterophoride, in which it is decidedly small.

58 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

STENOPTERYX, Guenée.

16. Stenopteryx hybridalis.

Pyralis hybridalis, Hubner, Pyral., pl. 17, fig. 114.

Nee Saar all through spring, summer, andautumn.”

= = . Ms

Five examples of this common and widely-distributed

species were in the collection.

17. Scoparia dispersa, n.s.

Somewhat allied to S. vallerialis, but as small as

S. linealis of New Zealand ; primaries dark grey-brown,

the veins partly black ; instead of the usual inner white-

bordered blackish line, the basal half is streaked irregu-

larly with snow-white and black lines; there is also a

black and white dot at the end of the cell; the discal

line is snow-white and rather acutely zigzag; the costa

is crossed by oblique white dashes; the outer border is

white, with a marginal series of black spots ; secondaries

silvery; thorax dark brown; the palpi and posterior

fringes of the tegule white ; abdomen silver-grey ; under

surface silvery ; anterior tibie barred with black. Ex-

panse of wings, 19 mm.

No exact locality recorded.

AEGERIID.

AKeeRiA, Fabricius.

18. Aigeria rufa. Nn. 8.

Wings above deep reddish orange, with black borders ;

fringes grey; primaries with the borders very broad,

leaving only a narrow:streak of the ground colour divided

by a black spot at the end of the cell; body blackish,

with blue-grey gloss ; abdomen with white hind margins

to the segments ; antenne black ; wings below with the

borders slightly bronzy, those of the primaries a little

narrower than above; body below leaden grey; the

pectus steel-blue at the sides; legs slightly purplish

above and bronzy below; middle tibie clothed above

with orange hair. Expanse of wings, 10, 15, or 17 mm.

‘Pines valley near Valparaiso; on Umbelliferous

flowers in January.”—T’. £.

collected in Chili. 59

GALERIIDA.

ScurstorHEca, Ragonot.

This genus has been recently described by M. Ragonot

in the Bulletin of the Entomological Society of France ;

the palpi are similar to those of Donacoscaptes of Zeller,

but the structure of the wings differs considerably.*

19. Schistotheca canescens, Ragonot.

Primaries and thorax above gericeous-white, more or

less densely irrorated with grey, sometimes so as to give

them a distinct greyish tint; secondaries and body pale

greyish brown, sericeous, the wings with white fringes ;

primaries below greyish brown, with whitish costal bor-

der and white fringe ; there is a distinct reflexed costal

flap, fringed at the back with fine hairs, and enclosing a

woolly tuft of hair; secondaries of the typical form (the

outer margin being sinuous below the apex, which is

acuminate), varying from sericeous-white to sreyish

brown with white fringe; body below white. Expanse of

wings, 44—50 mm

“ Larva.—Pinkish white, with brown head and plate

on 2nd segment. Feeds inside flower-stems of Bromelia.

‘Valparaiso, in January.”—T’. E.

PHYCIDA.

Metua, Walher.

20. Mella ragonoti, 0. 8.

Primaries above sericeous cream-colour, irrorated with

brown and black scales ; veins pale sandy brownish ; two

arched indistinct brown streaks towards apex, the first

oblique, the second parallel to the outer margin ; a black

spot just before the middle of the cell, and a second,

rather larger, at the inferior angle of the cell ; a marginal

series of minute black dots; fringe sordid at apex;

secondaries silvery pale grey, with two slightly darker

* I find that Monsieur Ragonot regards this as a Galeriid ; his

types had been removed from the series and placed with others in

a small box, so that it was only just discovered in time to avoid my

making a synonym.

60 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

spots placed obliquely at the end of the cell; a marginal

series of minute black dots; fringe white ; thorax whity-

brown ; palpi long, acuminate, porrected, grey at the

sides and white below; wings below greyish (the pri-

maries especially), with black marginal dots and white

fringe ; body below white ; the venter with lateral black

dots; tarsi tipped with blackish. Expanse of wings,

24 mm. :

Valparaiso.

CRYPTOBLABES, Zeller.

21. Cryptoblabes divergens, n. 8.

Primaries above granite-grey, with a small reddish

spot bounded on each side by black scales near the base

of inner margin; a reddish tint on the first median

interspace; a slightly irregular oblique black stripe,

margined internally with white, across the basal third ;

a zigzag black-edged white stripe across the disc; be-

tween these two stripes is a.small J-shaped character at

the end of the cell; an ill-defined submarginal series of

minute blackish dots; fringe white, traversed by two

grey stripes; secondaries sericeous-white, slightly yel-

lowish or gold-tinted at apex and base of fringe; a

brownish marginal line and a slender grey line on

the frmge; thorax granite-grey; abdomen pearl-grey,

changing to white with blackish spots towards the anal

segment; tuft creamy-white; primaries below grey-

brown ; secondaries white, with brownish costa; body

below white ; legs banded with grey. Expanse of wings,

21 mm.

No exact locality recorded.

The Phycide of this collection were submitted to

Monsieur Ragonot, but unfortunately the two preceding

Species (being discovered in the corner of one of Mr.

Hdmonds’ boxes after the return of M. Ragonot to Paris)

were not seen by him ; two other species from Valparaiso

which he did examine are not labelled, and therefore I

conclude that he has either identified them with pre-

viously-described species,* or has not considered them

to be in sufficiently good condition to make it safe to

describe them.

* They appear to be Plodia interpunctalis and Homeosoma

nebulella.

collected in Chili: 61

CRAMBIDA.

CramsBus, Fabricius.

22. Crambus sabulosellus.

Crambus sabulosellus, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxviil.,

p. 178. n. 139 (1868).

**Chiloé, from Reed’s collection.” —T. E.

I can discover no specific character to separate this

from Walker’s New Zealand type; perhaps if we pos-

sessed a series of specimens from the two localities it

might be possible to find distinctive characters ; as it is

the single Chilian example appears not to differ.

CuiLo, Zincken.

23. Chilo chillanicus, n. 8.

Silvery white, tinted with brassy brown; primaries

above with a longitudinal subcostal brown stripe from

base to apex, and immediately below it a broader snow-

white stripe, bounded below by a median brown streak ;

apex acuminate ; several minute brown marginal dots ;

body whity-brown, shining; primaries below pale grey,

with faint golden reflections and white on the apical area;

fringe white as above; secondaries snow-white, with

sordid costal border ; body white ; legs sordid. Expanse

of wings, 32 mm.

‘*Chillan, February and March.”—T. E.

24. Chilo ceres, n. 8.

?. Nearest to C. phragmitellus, agreeing with the

female of that species in coloration and venation, but

considerably larger, with curved and slightly deflexed

palpi and arched outer margin of primaries, which are

less acuminate at apex; the discoidal, radial, and in-

ternal areas of these wings. mottled indistinctly with

grey, two parallel oblique streaks of which colour cross

the disc ; a distinct marginal series of small black spots ;

in other respects the two females are similar, the pri-

maries and body being bright golden stramineous, with

black disco-cellular dot and the secondaries shining white.

Expanse of wings, 47 mm.

‘* Las Zorras, in December.’ —T’. EL.

62 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

Specimens of this species were examined, but appa-

rently not described, by Monsieur Ragonot ; he probably

came to the conclusion that I have arrived at, that it was

not a Phycid.

C. ceres may be allied to Sericocrambus stylatus of

Wallengren from Monte Video.

MiToTHEMMA, 0. g.

Allied to Themma = Tunza of Walker, but differing in

the simple antenne of the male, somewhat shorter palpi,

and the emission of the 2nd and 3rd median branches of

the secondaries from a footstalk.

25. Mitothemma angulipennis, 0. 8.

Primaries above pale shining gold-brown, longitudi-

nally striated with black between the veins ; one or two

small black spots in the cell, one or two beyond the cell,

and a marginal series; secondaries slightly sinuated

between the first subcostal and third median branches,

thus producing an angle at the third median branch ;

silvery white, slightly greyish towards apex, with a mar-

ginal series of small black spots; body whity-brown ;

primaries below shining greyish brown, with pale gold

reflections, white towards outer margin, where there isa

series of small black spots; secondaries silvery white,

tinted with gold towards costa, sparsely and minutely

irrorated with blackish scales; a black disco-cellular

spot; an imperfect elbowed dark brown discal stripe ; a

marginal series of small black spots ; body below shining

cream-colour. HExpanse of wings, 31 mm.

‘Las Zorras, in May.”—T. HE.

26. Mitothemma acuminata, n. s.

Somewhat like a narrow-winged Spilodes in its general

appearance ; primaries above bright golden stramineous,

sometimes sparsely grey-speckled, and always with two

divergent oblique grey stripes running inwards from the

apex, the upper one entering the discoidal cell, the lower

one crossing the disc to first median branch; a more or

less defined black dot at the inferior angle of the cell; a

marginal series of black dots; secondaries silvery white ;

traces of a faint grey discal line; fringe pale sulphur-

yellow; thorax stramineous; abdomen cream-colour,

collected in Chili. 63

irrorated with grey ; primaries below cream-colour, with

the discoidal area grey ; a dusky apical spot ; secondaries

shining white, with yellowish costal border; pectus

white; legs and venter cream-coloured. Expanse of

wings, 832—37 mm.

‘Las Zorras, February and March.”—T. E.

27. Mitothemma striata, n.s.

Primaries above golden stramineous, more or less

densely irrorated with grey, which sometimes forms

broad longitudinal streaks in and below the cell ; traces

of two to three abbreviated oblique undulated parallel

orey striz from the cell to the inner margin, and beyond

them two darker grey stripes from apex to inner margin,

the inner one angulate-sinuous, the outer one sub-

marginal and regularly undulated; a nearly marginal

Series of small black spots, followed by an extremely

slender black marginal line, sometimes interrupted ;

secondaries shining white, irrorated with grey, crossed

by a slender and sometimes black-dotted grey discal

line ; a slender blackish marginal line, interrupted at the

extremities of the veins, and sometimes a series of

blackish dots ; body pale stramineous ; primaries below

cream-coloured, the basal three-fourths, excepting at

costal border, more or less suffused with grey and bounded

externally by an oblique darker line incurved towards

costa; a marginal series of black dots; secondaries

creamy white, shining, sparsely and minutely black-

speckled; a blackish spot at the end of the cell; a discal

and a marginal series of black dots ; body below sordid-

white. Hxpanse of wings, 31—35 mm.

‘‘ Las Zorras, February and March.”—T. EH.

Judging from the figure alone the Schenobius terreus

of Zeller from Madagascar looks as though it might

belong to this genus.

TASEOPTERYX, 0. 2.

Allied to Hromene, but readily distinguished by its

tapering clearly pectinated male antenne; the costal

margin of the primaries strongly arched towards the

base, and the style of coloration which somewhat reminds

one of Plusia.

64 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

28. Taseopteryx sericea, n.s. (Pl. XL, fig. 3).

Primaries above whity-brown, clouded with bronzy

olivaceous ; with the central area occupied by a broad

oblique irregularly trigonate patch, bounded above by the

costal border, and on the other sides by a black-edged

white stripe; this patch is greyish white towards the

costa, where the veins are blackish, the remainder being

dark olivaceous varied with flesh-colour, and enclosing a

cream-coloured crescent with blackish inner edge at the

end of the cell and a large curved blackish-edged creamy

spot within its posterior angle; two confluent black

spots at the base; submedian vein ash-grey; an abbre-

viated oblique white stripe from apex to about the centre

of the disc, where it fades into the ground colour, and

followed by a longer and broader dark bronzy olivaceous

stripe or band spotted with black dashes, from which

longitudinal pure white stripes run to the extremity of

the fringe; secondaries greyish, sericeous, with faint

golden reflections ; external border broadly darker, with

a black marginal line interrupted at the extremities of

the veins ; a dusky disco-cellular lunule ; fringe white,

traversed by a grey stripe and tipped with grey; body

pale greyish or whity-brown; primaries below dark

smoky grey, the fringe spotted with snow-white ; costa

sprinkled with white scales ; secondaries silvery white,

irrorated with grey, especially on the costa; a black

disco-cellular spot and marginal line; a slender undu-

lated grey discal line ; body below pale shining brown.

Expanse of wings, 27—29 mm.

‘‘Las Zorras, in November.”—T’. E.

TORTRICIDA.

Trras, T'reitschke.

29. Teras blanchardu, n.s. (Pl. XL, fig. 6).

Somewhat the aspect of 7’. proteana, but darker ; pri-

maries pale coffee-brown, sericeous ; a broad grey patch

commencing in the centre of the costa, running obliquely

backwards, and tapering to a mere line at basal fourth

of dorsal margin, mottled with blackish, and crossed by

a slightly curved blackish band, which runs obliquely

outwards from the costal margin to its outer edge,

bounded also iust below the middle of its outer edge by

collected in Chili. 65

a projecting patch of pale yellowish scales ; a second and

much smaller patch nearer to the dorsal margin; a

small projecting black spot at about the middle of the

interno-median area and immediately below the first

median branch ; a few very indistinct reticulations on

the external area, and two small blackish spots towards

apex; fringe pale towards the tips; secondaries shining

dark leaden grey, with faint bronze reflections; fringe

shining coffee-brown, changing to whitish plumbageous

towards anal angle, and traversed near the base by a

dark brown line; thorax clay-coloured ; head and palpi

whitish ; abdomen pale shining grey, anal tuft yellowish ;

primaries below dark shining grey, with bronze re-

flections ; costa whitish, transversely striated with black ;

fringe clay-coloured, with paler edges; secondaries silvery

whitish, mottled with black ; the veins at apex and two

abbreviated stripes upon the fringe golden cupreous ;

body below sordid white; legs banded with blackish.

Expanse of wings, 17 mm.

Exact locality not recorded.

30. Teras walsinghamii, n.s. (Pl. X1., fig. 7).

Near to TJ. asperana, smaller, and with darker

secondaries ; primaries above with the basal half whitish

ochreous, mottled with testaceous, an oblique series of

four small spots, increasing in size from the costa to the

origin of the first median branch, the first two very

minute and black, the last two larger and formed by

projecting scales of the ground colour; apical half dark

purplish slate-colour, sprinkled with a few grey scales,

with small black costal tufts, and a black subapical spot ;

secondaries shining grey, with bronze reflections ; fringe

whitish, brownish and traversed by a darker line near

the base, and spotted with blackish at apex; thorax

‘whitish ochreous ; head and palpi blackish ; abdomen

grey, with whitish borders; primaries below bronze-

brown, the dark area showing through the wing in certain

lights, faintly speckled with whitish; costa white,

striated and spotted with black; fringe ashy grey,

whitish at the base, and traversed near its outer edge by

a blackish line; secondaries silvery white, mottled with

brown, especially towards apex; fringe whitish; body

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) F

66 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

shining leaden grey ; legs whity-brown, banded with pale

grey. Hixpanse of wings, 16 mm.

‘‘ Valparaiso, November and December.”—T". E.

31. Teras fernaldi, n. s.

Allied to TJ’. abietana, though in some respects more

like T’. variegana; much darker, the secondaries espe-

cially darker ; primaries above whity-brown, very faintly

tinted with pink in certain lights, mottled irregularly all

over with dark red-brown and black, the most con-

spicuous markings being two connected black-edged red-

brown oblique bands forming a very irregular and almost

H-shaped character across the centre of the wing; upon

the inner arm of this character is a pale sulphur-yellow

annulus, from which a small tuft of scales of the same

colour projects; immediately beyond the H-shaped

character is a very irregular oblique purplish-grey forked

band spotted with black; fringe pale brown, traversed

by two darker lines ; secondaries dark grey, with bronze

and purplish reflections; basi-abdominal area pale ;

fringe whity-brown, spotted at apex with blackish, and

traversed by two dark lines; body shining grey; head

and palpi sordid whitish ; wings below shining whitish,

reticulated with grey, the costal margins spotted with

black; primaries with the apical three-sevenths blackish ;

fringe tipped with red-brown; secondaries with three

conspicuous blackish costal spots, a fourth on the fringe

at apex, and two smaller spots on the outer margin ;

fringe as above ; body below sordid whitish ; legs banded

with pale brown; venter with lateral series of black

spots. Expanse of wings, 17 mm.

** Valdivia, in February.”—T’. EH.

ARCTOPODA, N. g.

Nearest to Cacoecia, which it nearly approaches in

neuration ; body extending beyond the secondaries, rather

slender, with scarcely perceptible anal tuft; antenne

rather long, tapering, ciliated; palpi short, broad, and

hairy; legs short, thick, the tibie clothed with rather,

long hair, the spurs moderately long; anterior legs

clothed with hair almost to the extremity of the tarsi;

primaries broad, the costal margin nearly straight, and

not much longer than the inner margin; outer margin

slightly convex from the middle to the external angle ;

secondaries subovate, with nearly straight costal margin,

slightly concave towards apex.

collected in Chili. 67

32. Arctopoda maculosa, n.s. (Pl. XI, fig. 5, 2).

g. Primaries above reddish chocolate ; disco-cellular

veins black, all the other veins regularly spotted with

black; secondaries black-brown, with an apical patch,

and the apical half of the fringe bright orange; re-

mainder of fringe dark grey; thorax dark purplish

brown ; abdomen blackish ; wings below brilliant golden

orange ; primaries crossed beyond the middle by a broad

oblique black belt, expanding towards the outer margin ;

fringe broadly tipped with purplish, spotted with black ;

anal half of fringe of secondaries blackish ; body below

dark grey ; legs whitish, clothed with dark grey hair ;

venter with whitish segmental bands. Expanse of wings,

30 mm.

?. Larger than the male; primaries clouded with

orange in the middle, and with a broad apical patch of

the same colour, upon which the black spots are very

conspicuous ; secondaries with a sprinkling of orange

scales within and below the cell, and the apical patch

extending as a tapering border round the outer margin ;

primaries below with the black belt reduced to a rather

narrow band ; secondaries with the basal area dulled and

bounded externally by a somewhat diffused angular

dusky band indicating the dark area of the upper surface ;

body below bronze-brown ; legs partly whitish. Expanse

of wings, 34 mm.

‘‘ Las Zorras, in December.”—T. EL.

This handsome species reminds one vaguely of Cacoecia

podana, although altogether more brilliantly coloured ; in

the form and opaque coloration of the wings it agrees

better with Ptycholoma.

(ENECTRA, Guenée.

33. Cinectra approximata, n. s.

Primaries above golden testaceous, reticulated with

grey, and crossed by double-arched series of small black

spots; an oblique dark-edged greyish stripe running

from the costa before the middle to below the first

median branch, and almost joined before its extremity

by a reversed stripe of the same character running

obliquely upwards from a parallel point on the inner

margin ; fringe brown externally ; secondaries sericeous-

68 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

white, reticulated with grey ; thorax ochraceous ; abdo-

men silvery grey, with ochraceous anal tuft; primaries

below pale golden, with the markings less defined than

above; secondaries as above; body pale ochraceous.

Expanse of wings, 24 mm.

‘Valparaiso, in January. The larva feeds within the

stems of its food-plant.”—T".. LE.

34. Cinectra fulvaria? (Pl. XI, fig. 4).

Tortrix fulvaria, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’

vii., p. 99, n. 1 (1852).

‘“‘ Valparaiso, in January.”—T". HE.

Standing in the collection with the preceding species,

from which, however, it differs in its occasionally greater

size, its longer palpi, deeper coloration, and in the

pattern of the primaries ; these wings are of a sericeous

tawny testaceous colour, reticulated throughout with

grey, a line of which colour crosses the wings obliquely

near the base; there is a diffused dusky spot at the end

of the cell, and a greyish subapical costal cuneiform

patch ; the secondaries are cream-coloured, reticulated

with grey, and tinted with testaceous towards apex.

Blanchard’s specimens appear to have been small, if

they really belonged to the species before me (as the

coloration leads me to believe that they did).

Var. dives.

Size and coloration of primaries recalling Pedisca

grandiflavana, Wlsm.; these wings are sericeous golden

stramineous, indistinctly reticulated with grey, some of

the lines with a few blackish scales upon them ; base of

costal margin grey, spotted with blackish ; a dark grey

spot sometimes quadrate and in outline just beyond the

middle of the costa, from which an indistinct brownish

discoloration crosses the wing to the dorsal margin; a

dark grey or pale brownish spot at the end of the cell ;

a more or less distinct subapical costal grey-edged patch ;

base of fringe grey; secondaries silvery white, more or

less sordid and reticulated with grey; body pale stra-

mineous; under surface pale shining stramineous ; the

secondaries paler than the primaries, which are more or

less clouded with grey in the centre; all the wings

reticulated with grey; anterior and middle legs banded

with grey. Expanse of wings, 32—33 mm.

collected in Chili. 69

Scrapuina, T'reitschke.

35. Sciaphila leonina, n. s.

Allied to S. gouana, but larger, and with the coloration

of Affa bipunctella of N.° America; primaries above

golden stramineous, shining; sprinkled sparsely, and

particularly upon the veins, with black scales; a black

dot at the inferior angle of the cell; secondaries seri-

ceous-grey, darker and cupreous towards apex in the

male ; fringe white, traversed near the base by a more

or less defined grey line; head and thorax stramineous,

abdomen pearly white ; primaries of male below blackish,

with cream-coloured borders ; of female creamy, slightly

ereyish in the middle; costa slghtly testaceous ;

secondaries shining white; costal area slightly stra-

mineous; body below pearly whitish; legs greyish.

Eixpanse of wings—male 30 mm., female 33 mm.

‘“* Valparaiso, in November.’ —T’. E.

DicHELIA, Guenée.

36. Dichelia exusta, n. 8.

Aspect of D. rubicundana, but much larger ; primaries

above dark laky red-brown, varying to deep reddish

eravel-colour, with golden or pink gloss; striated and

spotted with black, and crossed by four equidistant ill-

defined oblique darker bands, the first and last very

indistinct; secondaries sericeous-white, more or less

mottled with dark grey ; head and thorax purplish brown ;

abdomen silvery white, with slightly yellowish anal tuft ;

primaries below dark grey-brown, the costa and external

area washed with reddish cupreous or pale golden, and

reticulated with blackish ; secondaries sericeous-white,

more or less mottled with blackish ; body below golden

or silvery whitish. Expanse of wings, 23—24 mm.

Valparaiso.

This species bears a strong resemblance to Zeller’s

figure of his Sciaphila radicana; the base of primaries is

sometimes slaty grey.

Tortrix, Linneus.

37. Tortrix chrysopteris, n. s.

General aspect of a large T’. icterana; primaries

shining golden stramineous, with faint indications of a

few reddish reticulations; a large triangular slightly

70 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

whiter patch, edged and reticulated with red-brown below

the middle of the dorsal margin; secondaries pale

cupreous-brown, greyish towards the abdominal margin,

and with whitish fringe; body golden stramineous ;

primaries below redder than above, and indistinctly

reticulated with reddish throughout ; secondaries cream-

colour, indistinctly reticulated with golden orange to-

wards costa, and with greyish towards the abdominal

margin; body pale stramineous; legs reddish. Expanse

of wings, 28 mm.

No exact locality recorded ; probably Valparaiso.

MELANECLIA, 0. g.

Nearest to Hulia (. ministrana) in form and general

structure, but the antenne distinctly ciliated on both

sides throughout, the abdomen more slender ; primaries

with the costa distinctly more convex towards the base ;

the apex slightly more produced, thus rendering the

outer margin more oblique ; secondaries with the outer

margin straight below apex, but not at all concave ;

disco-cellulars regularly oblique.

38. Melaneulia hecate, n. 8.

Smoky black; primaries above changing in certain

lights to purplish ; a reddish cupreous curved marking

at the end of the cell; a few scales of the same colour

on the lower half of the dorsal margin, and a few more

-on the fringe towards apex ; head reddish ; under surface

smoky black, without markings ; body below dull whitish.

Eixpanse of wings, 17 mm.

** Valdivia, in February.”—T'. E.

This singular little species unfortunately is only repre-

sented by one example, which has suffered somewhat in

its capture, the thorax and base of primaries being a

good deal rubbed and the palpi destroyed ; enough, how-

ever, remains to characterise it.

PutTueocuroa, Stephens.

The single species in the collection has more than

usually small palpi, formed as in P. rugosana, but rather

rubbed in the type specimen; the style of coloration is

more like that of Pygolopha,

collected in Clili. yal’

39. Phtheochroa inexacta, N. Ss.

Primaries above white, mottled with grey; a large

black-dotted grey U-shaped spot (filled in) at the basal

fourth of costa, and a broad irregularly angulated grey

band striated with darker lines and dotted with black and

reddish just before the middle; this is followed by a

band of the ground colour, white speckled with red-

brown, and marked in the middle with two oblique

divergent black dashes ; a large dark grey-brown crescent-

shaped patch, spotted with black at its upper extremity,

fills in the external angle, and almost confluent with this

is an oblique black-flecked subapical band of the same

colour ; a squamose black marginal line ; fringe spotted

with brown; secondaries sericeous whity-brown, with

faintly indicated darker reticulations and marginal line ;

thorax whitish, black-spotted ; abdomen sericeous whity-

brown ; primaries below shining greyish brown, costa

mottled with white; a blackish marginal line and two on

the fringe; secondaries white, flecked with dark brown ;

pectus silvery white; venter and legs dull white. Ex-

panse of wings, 16 mm.

‘‘ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E.

Srricoris, T'reitschke.

AQ. Sericoris wilkinsont, 0. 8.

Form of S. wmbrosana; primaries above with the

basi-dorsal half sericeous grey-brown, crossed by partly

black-edged darker bands; the upper oblique edge of

this area is deeply bisinuated ; externo-costal half white,

slightly sericeous, almost obliterated on the external area

by transverse ash-grey stripes flecked with black and

cupreous-brown ; costal margin and fringe spotted with

dark grey; secondaries silvery grey ; fringe white,

traversed near the base by a slender grey line; thorax

white, black-spotted ; abdomen silvery grey ; primaries

below dark grey ; costa mottled with white ; secondaries

silvery white, dotted or spotted with dark grey ; body

below silvery whitish. Expanse of wings, 18 mm.

“Valparaiso, November and December.” —T’. E.

The three following species, notwithstanding their

longer palpi, manifestly belong to the same genus ;—

72 ~Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

Al. Sericoris cauquenensis, Ni. 8.

Allied to S. wrticana ; primaries silvery greyish white,

indistinctly striated with grey; base greyish, bounded

externally by an irregular oblique abbreviated dark brown

band, blackish and white-edged along its outer border ;

a second similar but bronze-brown white-margined band

just before the apical third; a subapical triangular

bronze-brown costal spot, and a partly black-edged

cuneiform spot or streak of the same colour along the

centre of the outer margin; fringe pinky brown, tra-

versed by two blackish lines ; secondaries silvery whitish,

striated with pale grey, a grey marginal line and two

blackish lines on the fringe ; body above grey ; primaries

below dark shining grey; costal border spotted with

blackish and white; a slender white line at the base of

the fringe; secondaries sericeous-white, striated with

erey-brown; apical area and fringe pale golden brown,

the latter with blackish lines as above; body below

pearly white. Expanse of wings, 18 mm.

** Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T’. E.

A2. Sericoris erebina, n. s.

Certainly allied to the preceding species ; but the pri-

maries sericeous dove-grey, crossed by about nine equi-

distant undulated golden lines, only visible with a lens;

secondaries shining greyish brown, with indistinct slightly

darker striations ; fringe silvery greyish, with a basal

white line; body above grey ; primaries below sericeous

ereyish brown ; edge of costal margin white dotted with

brown ; fringe with a basal white line; secondaries

shining white, striated with grey ; costa and apical area

slightly brownish ; body below pearly white. Hxpanse

of wings, 19 mm.

** Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E.

43. Sericoris ewrydice, n. s.

Aspect of S. urticana ; primaries above pale sericeous

greyish brown, mottled with flesh-colour ; finely striated

with grey lines, dotted here and there with black ; basal

fourth dark brown, with angular black outer edge; a

slightly irregular black-edged dark brown oblique band

just beyond the middle, and a subapical costal dark

brown spot ; an indistinct marginal series of grey spots ;

collected in Chili. 1s

fringe shining stramineous, traversed by a grey line;

secondaries whity-brown, rather densely mottled with

grey; fringe traversed near the base by a broad stripe of

dark grey; body greyish brown; primaries below

sericeous grey-brown, with faint indications of the darker

markings of the upper surface ; costa whitish, spotted

with black ; fringe shining stramineous, traversed by a

well-defined grey stripe ; secondaries slightly whiter than

above ; body below sericeous-whitish. Expanse of wings,

16 mm.

Probably Valparaiso.

CHOREUTID.

Cuorevtis, Hitbner.

44, Choreutis bjerkandrella.

Tinea bjerkandrella, Thunberg, Diss. Ent. (Ins. Suec.)

i., p. 24 (1784).

‘Valparaiso, in December.”—T". E.

The three specimens before me all differ in size and in

coloration ; the two larger ones scarcely showing the

white stripe usually found on the secondaries, the larger

of these two also wanting all the orange markings on the

primaries, in which respect it agrees with an example in

the Museum from Espirito Sancto; the smallest of the

three agrees in all respects with the dwarfed form named

by Duponchel C. pretiosana, which, according to Staud-

inger and Wocke, is identical with Zeller’s C. australis.

ATYCHIIDA.

Atycuia, Latreille.

45. Atychia triphenoides, n. s.

Primaries above blackish piceous; fringe shining

yellow-golden, blackish at base; secondaries golden

orange, sericeous, borders blackish piceous; fringe

shining yellow-golden, blackish at base; body blackish ;

thorax clothed with grey hairs; abdomen wanting ; pri-

maries below with a median streak from the base, turn-

ing upwards across the extremity of the cell, yellow-

golden; remainder of the wing purplish piceous, the

outer half of the fringe paler and more brassy than

above ; secondaries slightly paler than above, otherwise

74 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

similar ; pectus and legs dark purplish piceous. Expanse

of wings, 23 mm.

‘* From Reed’s collection.” —7'. EL.

I believe this to be the most beautiful species hitherto

described.

TINEIDA.

Nemopnora, /Hiibner.

46. Nemophora fasciolata, n. s.

Creamy white, shining, with faint golden reflections ;

primaries sordid at base and along the apical and

external margins ; an abbreviated subangulated oblique

brown band at basal sixth, and a second straight band

from the median vein to just beyond the middle of the

dorsal margin; a small dark brown spot at the inferior

angle of the cell; body whity-brown ; legs pearl-white ;

wings below bronzy brownish, with opaline reflections ;

fringe white; body below white. LHxpanse of wings,

22mm.

** Valdivia, Reed’s collection.” —T7'. E.

Most nearly allied to N. swammerdamella.

HYPONOMEUTIDA.

Ta@corHYcH?A, N. g.

Form of wings much as in Tinea (T. arcuatella) ;

primaries with slightly arched costa ; apex acute ; outer

margin very oblique; fringe long; dorsal margin nearly

straight, slightly convex at the base; secondaries ellip-

tical, with nearly straight costal margin; apex rather

acute; fringe long, especially at anal angle; cells of all

the wings long; head about half the width of thorax,

with smooth convex crest; palpi moderately long,

extending for two-fifths of their length in front of the

head, acuminate, slightly ascending, straight, tapering ;

the second joint coarsely scaled, but not fringed, about

twice the length of the third; antenne long, tapering,

with well-developed coarse appressed silky pectinations

in front to the commencement of their terminal fourth,

where they taper off, and are replaced by imperfect

serrations; body tolerably long, extending for nearly

half its length beyond the secondaries ; thorax short,

rounded ; abdomen slender, keeled, with small contracted

anal tuft; legs rather long and slender; the hind tibie

clothed with long hair.

collected in Chilt. 75

47. Toecorhychia cinerea, 0.8.

Shining ash-gray ; primaries with the costa black-

spotted beyond the middle; an oblique black spot at the

end of the cell and an oblique series of minute black

dashes beyond it across the disc; a slender blackish

marginal line ; fringe cream-coloured ; secondaries paler,

especially towards the abdominal margin; a marginal

series of dusky dots; fringe cream-coloured ; wings

below shining grey, with cream-coloured fringes ; pectus

and front legs grey ; middle legs ereyish white ; venter

and posterior legs cveam-coloured. Expanse of wings,

22 mm.

‘Valparaiso, in houses.” —T’. EL.

PLUTELLIDA.

Puurevia, Schranck.

48. Plutella xylostella.

Tinea xylostella, Linneus, Syst. Nat., X., p- 538.

“ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. EL.

GELECHIIDA.

OrtHoTELIA, Stephens.

49. Orthotelia increta, N. 8.

Decidedly larger than O. sparganella, and with longer

and more acuminate palpi; primaries above coffee-brown,

shining, with a feeble lilac gloss ; costal margin dull

red; external border dusky; fringe traversed by two

black stripes and tipped with pink, which gives place to

snow-white at external angle; discoidal spots indicated

in dark brown ; a slightly curved transverse discal series

of white-dotted dark brown dashes ; secondaries shining

orey ; costa and fringe whitish, the latter traversed by

two indistinct grey stripes; a yellowish line along the

outer margin; head and thorax red-brown ; abdomen

ereyish ; under surface shining whitish, irrorated with

dark grey ; primaries with the costal margin and external

area testaceous, and a broad elbowed band immediately

within these (passing through the cell and across the

disc) blackish ; secondaries with pale testaceous costal

area and external margin; anterior and middle pairs of

legs brownish. Expanse of wings, 30 mm.

‘ Corral, Valdivia, in February.”—T’. E.

76 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

Derpressaria, Haworth.

50. Depressaria edmondsit, n. s.

Wings above shining grey, darker towards the external

area ; primaries tinted with pink, the base black-brown,

with purplish reflections; a very irregular transverse

brown band just before the middle ; costal border, from

the commencement of this band to apex, spotted with

blackish; an arched dusky submarginal band; a mar-

ginal series of black dots ; fringe traversed by two dusky

lines; secondaries somewhat silvery, with a slender

blackish marginal line; fringe traversed near its base by

a grey line; head and thorax purplish brown; abdomen

grey; primaries below leaden grey; a costal black-

spotted cream-coloured stripe curving round at apex and

fading into a whitish marginal border; fringe rather

more silvery than the body of the wing; secondaries

shining white, with the costal area grey-speckled; a

blackish interrupted marginal line ; body below shining

whity-brown ; anterior and middle legs banded above

with dark brown. Expanse of wings, 19 mm.

“Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T". E.

Heuiostises, Zeller.

51. Heliostibes mathewi.

Helwstibes mathewi, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan.

Gesellsch. Wien., xxiv., p. 485, n.1, pl. xii., fig. 4

(1874).

Valparaiso.

Only one example was obtained by Mr. Edmonds.

GELEcHIA, Zeller.

52. Gelechia invenustella ?

Gelechia invenustella, Berg, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose.,

1875, p. 240.

“‘ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E.

The single specimen which I think may possibly be

referable to this species is worn and somewhat broken ;

it is allied to G. humeralis of Europe.

collected in Chili. 77

53. Gelechia aterrimella ?

Gelechia aterrimella, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxix.,

p- 590, n. 225 (1864).

‘Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T’. E.

Only one example having been obtained, which was

unavoidably ruined in the attempt to relax and set it, I

am unable to be certain of its identification.

54. Gelechia ocelligera, ui. s.

Allied to G. infernalis of Europe; primaries dark

chocolate-brown ; external border greyish white, with a

submarginal grey band extending from the inner margin

to near the apex, where there is a rounded black spot ;

fringe whitish, with a dark grey basal stripe ; secondaries

shining leaden grey ; fringe creamy white, traversed by

two greyish undulated stripes ; thorax sericeous choco-

late-brown; abdomen leaden grey; primaries below

shining bronze-brown, the veins beyond the middle and

the costa towards apex streaked with white; fringe cream-

coloured, traversed by a grey band, which is followed by

a dark brown line; secondaries silvery white, tinted

with bronze at apex, where there is also an abbreviated

blackish line upon the fringe ; body below pale bronze-

brown, coxe opaline. Expanse of wings, 16 mm.

‘Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. EL.

Toprutis, Hiibner.

55. Topeutis venosa, n. 8.

Form of Pleurota bicostella, but with the structure of

Topeutis ; primaries above dark grey, the veins white ;

fringe greyish white, traversed towards apex by pure

white lines; secondaries silvery white, fringe cream-

coloured; head and thorax greyish white; abdomen

sericeous creamy white; primaries below and pectus

grey ; secondaries as above ; venter silvery white. Ex-

panse of wings, 29 mm.

“‘ Valparaiso.”—T.. E.

78 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

Hyprrcauuia, Stephens.

56. Hypercallia fenestella.

Cryptolechia fenestella, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan.

Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 489, n. 4; pl. xii., fig.

9 (1874).

Machimia fenestella, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., xiii.,

Dp aod, H. Lt (IST7). *

Valparaiso.

Only one example (without abdomen) stands in Mr.

Edmonds’ collection.

(Ecopuora, Zeller.

This genus contains several distinct groups which ought

to be separated generically ; the Chilian species now to

be described agrees most nearly in structure with @.

sulphurella.

57. Cicophora minnetta, n. s.

Sericeous silvery white ; primaries with a few widely-

scattered black scales ; base of costal border black; an

irregular black costal patch, as in Cryptolechia roseo-

costella, W1sm. (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, pl. xii., fig.

26), a dusky subapical costal spot ; fringe of all the wings

and of the posterior tibize cream-coloured; primaries

below sericeous greyish-brown; secondaries shining

white, with brown costa; palpi with the basal two-thirds

of the second joint and the tip of the third joint black

externally ; body and front legs below sericeous-brown ;

posterior legs pearly white, the tarsi banded above with

black. LExpanse of wings, 17 mm.

‘Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T.. E.

HYPERSKELES, 0. g.

Allied to Gicophora, aspect of Dasycera; secondaries

broader than in either genus ; the primaries rounded at

apex, but with the external angle well defined and con-

sequently with short fringe; antenne filiform; palpi

slender, porrect, long and widely separated ; legs long

and thick, but not fringed.

collected in Chili. 79

58. Hyperskeles choreutidea, n. 8.

?. Black-brown; primaries with a nearly central

abbreviated white costal dash, tapering to a point as it

reaches the median vein, and tinted with gold upon the

costal margin; a spot of golden ochreous within the

cell on each side of the white dash ; a subapical silvery

white lunule, followed by a golden ochreous apical

border, the commencement of which upon the costa is

indicated by a paler golden spot ; two patches of greyish

scales on the disc ; fringe tipped with whitish ; secondaries

crossed at basal third by an oblique sordid white band ;

an abbreviated white central band from the costa to the

median vein ; a diffused patch of greyish scales on the

disc ; fringe tipped with whitish grey, white at apex ;

abdomen crossed by slender greyish lines ; anal segment

pearl-white ; wings below as above, but the markings

more developed; primaries with a broad ochreous sub-

costal band from the base to the first discoidal spot, with

which it unites ; a distinct white spot on the disc beyond

the end of the cell; internal border ash-grey ; secondaries

with a broad ochreous costal band and a_ transverse

dash of the same colour between the two white bands; a

white subapical spot; body below pearly white, the legs

pale brownish grey above; tarsi with white annulations.

Expanse of wings, 14 mm.

‘Valdivia, from Reed’s collection.” —T’. LH.

CALLISTENOMA, 0. g.

Allied to Stenoma, but at once distinguished by its

palpi, the second joint being broad, compressed, and

fringed below (not above, as in the undoubtedly allied

genus Anchinia). See Pl. XI., fig. 8a.

59. Callistenoma ustimacula.

Cryptolechia ustimacula, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan.

Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 440, n. 5; pl. xii, fig.

10 (1874).

Machimia ustimacula, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross.,

xill., p. 259, n. 23 (1877).

‘“‘ Valparaiso, in November.’-—T. E.

80 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

Var. zelleri. (Pl. XI., fig. 8).

Differs from the typical form in having a rounded grey

spot upon the disc of the primaries below the cuneiform

costal patch, to which it is united by a pale yellowish

nebula ; also an arched externo-discal series of dark grey

spots, the uppermost of the series partly yellow and

joining the inferior angle of the cuneiform patch;

secondaries shining bronze-brown instead of white. Hx-

panse of wings, 26 mm.

‘“‘ Valparaiso, in November.”—T". E.

Macuriia, Clemens.

60. Machimia desertorwm ?

Depressaria desertorum, Berg, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat.

Mose., 1875, p. 239, n. 52.

“Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E.

Whether this is or is not the true D. desertorum I have

no means of deciding; it somewhat resembles the

Depressaria costosa of Europe.

CryproLecuia, Zeller.

61. Cryptolechia fasciatipedella.

Cryptolechia fasciatipedella, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-

botan. Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 487, n.2; pl. xii.,

fig. 7 (1874).

Machimia fasciatipedella, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross.,

Xill,,,p. 259,m. 9 (1877).

‘“‘ Valparaiso, in December.”—T. E.

This species varies considerably in depth of colour, the

primaries being in some examples reddish ochreous, and

in others rust-red, sprinkled with grey scales.

62. Cryptolechia ochracea.

Cryptolechia ochracea, Geller, Verhandl. zool.-botan.

Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 486,n.1; pl. xii, fig. 6

(1874).

Machimia ochracea, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., xiii.,

p- 259, n. 8 (1877).

‘“‘ Valparaiso, in December.” —T. E.

collected in Chilt. 81

Very near to the preceding species, but the primaries

chrome-yellow, with dark fringe and a more or less

defined angular series of brown discal dots; discoidal

spots the same ; interno-basal area broadly irrorated with

red; secondaries white or flesh-coloured.

63. Cryptolechia luridella.

’ Cryptolechia luridella, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan.

Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 488, n.3; pl. xii, fig. 8

(1874).

Machimia luridella, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Rosgs., xiii,

p- 259, n. 19 (1877).

Valparaiso.

Only one example of this species was obtained.

64. Cryptolechia phenissa, n.s. (Pl. XI., figs. 12, 12a).

Wings sericeous carmine-red ; primaries above with a

small triangular golden spot at outer third of dorsal

margin; fringe at apex tipped with bright ochreous ;

thorax purplish brown ; antenne carmine ; palpi whitish ;

abdomen dark brown ; wings below of a clearer carmine-

red than above ; base of secondaries and pectus bronze-

brown ; legs and venter whity-brown. Hxpanse of wings,

16 mm.

‘Corral, in February.”—T. E.

PaCHYPH@NIKX, n. g.

Allied to Tortricopsis, but with broader wings and more

slender body ; primaries with the second subcostal forked

instead of the fourth; cell of secondaries broader, the

veins arranged in the same way, but the fold within the

cell forked beyond the middle; head narrower than in

Tortricopsis ; the palpi with less prominent fringe to the

second joint, not more than half the width of that in

T’. rosabella.

65. Pachyphoeenix sanguinea, n.s. (Pl. XL, figs. 18, 18a).

Primaries above sericeous laky brown, slightly liacine

towards outer margin ; an oblique greyish stripe from the

apex to the end of the cell; secondaries sericeous cayr-

mine-red ; body above dark brown ; wings below carmine-

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT I. (MARCH.) G

82- Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

red ; pectus brownish white ; anterior legs dark brown,

middle legs purplish; hind legs pale golden yellowish,

banded with rose-red ; venter golden yellow. Expanse

of wings, 24 mm.

‘Corral, in March.” —T. H.

PALMPHATUS, N. g.

Almost exactly the form of ‘‘ Machimia uncinella”’ of

Zeller, but the primaries slightly more falcate, with the

external angle a little more prominent ; secondaries with

the discoidal cell long and narrow; the costal and sub-

costal veins widely separated to admit a large basal

oblong glandular swelling upon the under surface and a

corresponding pencil of hairs (somewhat as in T'richo-

stibas, Zeller) on the upper surface; the subcostal

branches and the radial vein are thus crowded together,

and the wing is longitudinally folded immediately below

the subcostal; the median vein emits its first branch

before the middle, and therefore at a considerable distance

from the second ; the second and third are quite distinct ;

the body is comparatively short for the group, barely

exceeding the secondaries; the head broad, coarsely

scaled, the antenne thick, rather short, tapering, cylin-

drical, but slightly flattened in front, which causes them

to curl inwards when dry ; palpi thick, moderately long,

widely separated; the second joint slightly deflexed,

about as long as the head; third joint rather more than

half the length of the second, slightly ascending.

66. Palephatus falsus, n.s. (Pl. XI., fig. 11).

Aspect and style of coloration of Cerostoma, though

wholly different in structure; primaries above shining

golden stramineous, transversely striated with little

brown dashes ; costa spotted with brown, and beyond the

middle with white; fringe traversed by an imperfect

brown stripe, and spotted externally with white; an

abbreviated oblique brown stripe before the middle of the

wing, and a reversed oblique brown dash towards apex ;

secondaries shining leaden grey, paler towards the base ;

fringe broadly tipped with white ; body cream-coloured ;

primaries below golden brown ; secondaries bronzy grey,

borders and fringes as above; body below cream-

collected in Chili. 83

coloured ; palpi and venter dotted with blackish scales.

Expanse of wings, 24 mm.

‘*From Reed’s collection.”—T7. EF.

Without the lens this insect bears a remarkable

resemblance to Cerostoma; the outline of the wings,

. including the fringes, being the same; but whereas this

form is produced by the fringe in Cerostoma, in the

present genus it is the result of a sinuous outer margin.

PISINIDEA, N. &.

Form of Cryptolechia, excepting that the apex of the

primaries is a little more produced, and the outer margin

consequently more oblique ; all the veins of the primaries

separate, not forking, but the fifth subcostal branch and

the upper radial closely approximated; neuration of

secondaries very similar to that of Tortricopsis; body

moderately long and stout ; head tufted in the middle in

front; antenne a little more compressed than in the

preceding genus; palpi long, porrect, divergent, widely

separated, not curving upwards at the extremity, extend-

ing for a considerable distance in front of the head; the

second joint thickened with coarse scales above nearly as

in Anchinia, but the third joint comparatively longer

than in that genus ; legs rather long and slender.

67. Pisinidea viridis, n.s. (Pl. XL, fig. 10).

Primaries above pea-green; with a rounded ferru-

ginous spot at the end of the cell; secondaries sericeous

whity-brown; body whity-brown; under surface rusty

reddish ; primaries with the borders towards apex yel-

lowish. Expanse of wings, 27 mm.

** Chiloé ?, from Reed’s collection.” —7'. E.

Agriocoma, Zeller.

68. Agriocoma mimulina, n. 8. (Pl. XI., fig. 9).

Apparently somewhat similar to Zeller’s Conchylis

delicatulana; primaries above bright sulphur-yellow; a

stripe along the base of the costal nervure reddish, spotted

with blackish, and joining at basal third the commence-

ment of a broad triangular reddish patch with blackish

edges, which extends nearly to apex, and is spotted on

84 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

costal margin and at its inferior angle with white;

an externo-discal series of minute blackish dots, some-

times obsolete ; secondaries sericeous snow-white; thorax

above reddish, abdomen white ; wings below snow-white ;

primaries with the basi-subcostal stripe and triangular

patch indicated in leaden grey ; palpi and under surface

of anterior legs reddish. Expanse of wings, 17—19 mm.

“Valparaiso, November and December.”—T. E.

A variety occurs in which the reddish markings above

are strongly suffused with slaty grey.

Linpera, Blanchard.

69. Lindera tessellatella.

Lindera tessellatella, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘Fauna

Chilena,’ vil., p. 106, n. 1 (1852); Berg, Bull.

Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., xlix., p. 286, n. 18 (1875).

Safra bogotatella, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxix., p. 785,

n. 1 (1864).

Setomorpha bogotatella, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. ¥y

Xili., p. 205, n. 1 (1877).

Chr estotes bogotatela, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,

ser. 5, vol. 7, p. 401 (1881).

No exact es recorded.

ITHUTOMUS, N. g

Form and style of marking of Psecadia; wings long

and rather narrow; primaries with the costal margin

slightly convex, the outer margin oblique, but rather less

so than in Psecadia, inner margin nearly straight; dis-

coidal cell long, extending almost to the second third of

the wing; all the veins separate at their origins; costal

vein extending to about the middle of the margin ; sub-

costal four-branched ; the last subcostal, three radials,

and the third median branch emitted, at about equal dis-

tances, from the end of the cell; the second median

close to the third; secondaries elongate-ovate; costal

and subcostal veins nearly parallel, the latter simple, not

forked; radial forked, emitted from a short footstalk ;

disco-cellulars very oblique; second and third median

branches emitted close together and widely separated

from the first branch ; abdominal margin very convex ;

collected in Chili. 85

body robust; head crested; antenne thick at the base

(broken off short in the type); palpi rather thick,

acuminate, extending some distance in front of the head,

curving upwards, well separated, the second and third

joints of nearly equal length; legs rather thick and

long, the spurs of the posterior tibiz long and thick.

70. Ithutomus formosus, n. s.

Somewhat resembles Zeller’s Pedisca chloroticana ;

primaries above emerald-green, with a longitudinal irre-

gular black streak commencing at the base of the costa,

whence it runs obliquely to just below the submedian

vein, thence emitting a narrow streak along the median

vein to about its middle, where it again expands and

throws off a transverse spur to the dorsal margin and

terminates in a furca, partly enclosing a red-brown spot,

close to the end of the cell; costa and dorsal margin

black-spotted; outer half of costal margin cream-

coloured; a large black apical patch, united to a

cupreous-brown patch near the external angle, the two to-

gether forming an imperfect external border ; secondaries

whity-brown, slightly more golden towards apex ; fringe

white; head and thorax green, spotted with black ;

abdomen pale brown; primaries below flesh-tinted,

slightly green on the basal two-thirds, and with the dis-

coidal area blackish ; a few scattered minute grey spots ;

fringe spotted with blackish ; secondaries flesh-tinted,

greyish towards the costal and cream-tinted towards the

abdominal border ; body pale brown; palpi green, black

at base ; anterior and middle legs blackish, the tibize

with a green band ; tarsi white, banded with blackish ;

hind legs pale brown. Expanse of wings, 29 mm.

‘* Valdivia, from Reed’s collection.”—T'. E.

Seems most nearly allied to Walker’s genus Tamarrha,

but differs in neuration and in its style of coloration.

ARGYRESTHIIDA,

AreyrestHtia, [ibner.

71. Argyresthia conspersa, 0. 8.

Primaries above shining golden; a tapering costal

stripe, a similar dorsal stripe, and three oblique sub-

parallel stripes across the external half, shining snow- |

white, dotted here and there with black; three oblique

86 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

white spots on the costa towards apex ; fringe golden

at apex, otherwise whitish with a faint golden tint ;

secondaries silvery white, the fringe slightly golden ;

head and thorax snow-white, a golden spot on each

shoulder ; abdomen pale shining brown ; primaries below

pale golden brown; secondaries silvery white, with a

tapering basi-costal golden-brown patch; fringe and

body below white, tinted with golden. Hxpanse of

wings, 11 mm.

‘“‘ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.’’—T’. E.

SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIES.

XYLINIDA.

Areynritis, Hiibner.

Argyritis pura, 0.8.

Allied to A. argentina ; primaries above golden brown,

with a broad tapering subcostal metallic silver band from

base to apex, widest towards the end of the cell, slightly

arched; a narrow abbreviated silver line near the inner

margin, and another close to the outer margin ; fringe

pearly white ; secondaries semitransparent pearly white,

with a bronze-brown external border, tapering towards

the anal angle; fringe white; head and thorax chalky

white, sordid; two contiguous bare brown spots just

behind the head; abdomen pearly grey; primaries below

greyish brown, with white submarginal stripe and fringe ;

secondaries pearly white; body white; legs brownish.

Expanse of wings, 29 mm.

Chili.

Received, with one or two other species, from Mr. Ed-

monds subsequent to the completion of my papers upon

the groups to which they were referable ; it comes nearest

to A. argyrina of Guenée from Monte Video, but the

latter species differs from it in having a broad internal

band on the primaries, “‘ une large bande au bord interne,

d’un blane d’argent brilliant,” whereas in A. pura there

is only a slender abbreviated line.

collected in Chili. 87

PHALANOIDA.

ARCHIEARIS, Hiibner.

Archiearis pusilla, n. 8.

Primaries above dark grey, crossed by three or four

irregular black lines; a longitudinal orange streak,

tapering from its outer extremity below the median vein,

interrupted by the marginal border and outer discal line ;

fringe with a pale brown basal line; secondaries bright

orange; base longitudinally streaked with black; a

rounded spot at the end of the cell, an angular discal

stripe, and the outer margin, which is connected below

the middle with the angular stripe, black ; body black ;

primaries below orange-ochreous, with greyish internal

border ; a spot at the end of the cell, and a sinuous

discal line, black ; apex and outer margin dark brown ;

a small white subapical costal spot; secondaries paler

than above (pale buff excepting in the middle) with black

markings as above ; body below grey. Expanse of wings,

24 mm.

‘“‘ Valparaiso, throughout the summer.”—T’. E.

ENNOMIDA.

EKvueonta, Hiibner.

Hugonia undilineata, n. s.

Cream-coloured; primaries with the basal four-fifths

and the external border densely striated with ochreous ;

two brownish olivaceous stripes, the first Z-shaped across

the basal third, the second limiting the striated area

near the external third, and widely undulated ; a black

dot at the end of the cell; secondaries with ochraceous-

speckled external border and testaceous fringe; a minute

black dot at the end of the cell; thorax ochreous; head

and abdomen pale creamy buff; under surface cream-

coloured, sprinkled, especially on the costal areas and

external borders, with ochraceous scales ; a few widely

scattered minute black scales ; fringes ochreous ; a black

spot at the end of each cell, and beyond it a wavy

ochraceous discal stripe ; pectus ochreous; anterior legs

above brown, banded with white ; the tarsi white, banded

with pale brown; other legs whity-brown. Expanse of

wings, 39 mm.

Chili.

88 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera

A species of the family Hepialide has been described

by Berg in the ‘ Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argen-

tina’ for 1882 (April to June), p. 30, n. 31, under the

name of Aipytus dimidiatus, from Chili; it appears to

be a large and fresh male of my Dalaca hemileuca, of

which it will in that case be a synonym.

Five other Geometers must be also added to Mr. Ed-

monds’ captures :—

An apparently new genus of Macariide, which at

present I hesitate to name owing to its imperfect con-

dition ; it is a pretty silvery-white species, the primaries

crossed by an ill-defined angulated darker band, black-

edged towards costa, and enclosing two orange spots. It

was obtained from Reed’s collection, and was probably

captured in Valdivia.

The second species is an Ypsipetes, very aberrant in

colouring, and which, therefore, puzzled me greatly.

Ypsipetes chiloénsis, n. 8.

Primaries above sandy yellow, sparsely speckled with

black, and traversed by two series of black spots indi-

cating the limits of the ordinary central belt; a third

series upon the outer margin; an oblique blackish dash

just above the middle of the external area ; fringe spotted

with blackish; secondaries much whiter than the pri-

maries, but still of a pale sandy yellow tint irrorated

with grey ; an oblique grey dash across the abdominal

area beyond the middle; a marginal series of depressed

blackish spots; body coloured in accordance with the

wings, the thorax being darker than the abdomen ; pri-

maries below washed with smoky grey, excepting at the

borders, which are black-speckled ; only the outer series

of black spots visible; an additional black spot at the

end of the cell; secondaries cream-coloured, irrorated

with brown; a small blackish disco-cellular spot and a

zigzag discal line; body below cream-coloured; legs

irrorated with greyish. LExpanse of wings, 35 mm.

‘‘Chiloé, from Reed’s collection.” —T. E.

There are also two very worn specimens from the

Cauquenes of what probably represent a new species of

Selidosema: they are not good enough to describe. With

the latter I found associated four examples of what I

collected in Chili. 89

believe to be Blanchard’s Tephrosia undularia (also in

very bad condition); if I am right in my supposition,

the species must be referred to the genus Hubolia.

Lastly, a species of Psaliodes appears to have been

overlooked ; it is a very distinct form, and is represented

by three male examples in Mr. Edmonds’ collection.

Psaliodes mathewt, n.s.

Pale smoky brown, with a faint pink gloss; base

darker, with angular outer edge, two parallel subbasal

dark brown lines, followed by a blackish-edged narrow

dark band forming the inner limit of the central belt ; a

short distance beyond this is a second somewhat similar

band forming the outer limit of the central belt, and

between the two is a conspicuous small black disco-

cellular spot; disc reddish towards the centre, crossed

by three irregularly undulated parallel dark brown lines,

and interrupted upon the external area by a large, almost

wedge-shaped, greyish white patch, with sinuated inner

edge, extending from near apex to the first median

branch ; fringe flesh-tinted, traversed by two grey stripes,

the inner one interrupted by a series of black spots ;

secondaries crossed beyond the middle by three irregularly

arched parallel grey stripes; fringe crossed by a grey

stripe; thorax greyish ; collar varied with dark brown ;

abdomen pale brown; under surface shining greyish

brown, with cupreous reflections; wings crossed by a

pale discal band, margined and intersected by three

undulated dark grey lines; a very slender interrupted

black marginal line ; fringe in certain lights showing the

stripes of the upper surface. Expanse of wings, 22 mm.

‘** Valparaiso, in March.”—T. E.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT I. (MARCH.) H

90 Lepidoptera collected in Chili.

EXPLANATION OF PuaTE XI.

Fic. 1. Phycopterus flavellus, Blanch., p. 54.

2. P. signariellus, Blanch., p. 54.

3. Taseopteryx sericea, Butl., p. 64.

4, Gnectra fulvaria, Blanch., p. 68.

5. Arctopoda maculosa, 9, Butl., p. 67.

6. Teras blanchardii, Butl., p. 64.

7. T. walsinghamii, Butl., p. 65.

8. Callistenoma zelleri, Butl., p. 80.

8a. Palpus of the same.

9. Agriocoma mimulina, Butl., p. 83.

9a. Palpus of the same.

10. Pisinidea viridis, Butl., p. 83.

11. Palephatus falsus, Butl., p. 82.

12. Cryptolechia phenissa, Butl., p. 81.

12a. Palpus of the same.

13. Pachypheniz sanguinea, Buil., p. 81.

13a. Palpus of Pachypheniz.

a) ee)

IV. Revision of the species included in the genus Tropi-

sternus (fam. Hydrophilide). By D. Smarp.

[Read December 6th, 1882.]

In working out the Hydrophilide for the ‘ Biologia Cen-

trali-Americana,’ I found so much difficulty in discrimi-

nating the species of T’ropisternus, and such great con-

fusion prevailing about those already described, or,

perhaps I should rather say, named, that I have been

obliged to submit the whole of the genus to a careful

revision. For this purpose I have used only the speci-

mens extant in my own collection, and a set of types of

the North American species kindly lent me by Dr. Horn:

but as several of the older French collections have come

into my possession, I have had sufficient material to

enable me to elucidate most of the species enumerated

in the Munich Catalogue, and to distinguish a few new

ones. The difficulty of identifying the older descriptions

is extreme; for these insects, like most other water-

beetles, are very similar to one another in colour, form,

and such minor characters as in other families of

Coleoptera are readily perceived, and make the dis-

tinction of species by cursory inspection easier than it is

in the case of the water-beetles. Careful examination

has revealed some important characters for grouping the

species, and when the structural characters, by which

the members of the different groups are characterised,

are appreciated, the task of discriminating the species

becomes comparatively easy, for it is frequently species

of two quite different groups that bear the greatest super-

ficial resemblance to one another. Even after all my

efforts, however, I leave a great many questions of

specific identity unsolved, and it is quite possible that

the species are considerably more numerous than those

the method I have adopted has induced me to promul-

gate. Among the first points to which I directed my

attention was the finding of an external means of dis-

tinguishing the two sexes; for the front feet, which are

usually of such assistance for this purpose, arein Tropi-

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) I

92 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species

sternus quite similar in the males and females. I have

found, however, that in the males of a great number of

the species there is a small tooth or spine on the under

surface of the inner claw on the hinder and middle feet ;

and although there are a few species in which I have not

detected this external sexual mark, I believe it will ulti-

mately be found to exist in all species of the genus. In

a few species there is a peculiar sexual difference in the

sculpture of the mentum, the males having this part more

densely punctate than the other sex. These are the

only certain external sexual characters I have been able

to detect.

In the hope that the structure of the cedeagus might

afford a means of distinguishing the species, I have

examined it in several forms selected for the purpose,

but I find that not only is this organ remarkably minute

in the species of this genus, but that it is also exces-

sively similar even in very widely different species.

The difficulty of distinguishing the species is increased

by the fact that two forms of what I may call adventitious

sculpture exist in certain individuals of several species.

The first of these peculiar sculptures is a pitting of the

surface, giving rise to a variolose appearance, and often

occurring with great regularity over the whole of the

upper surface ; this peculiarity, which is not, I believe,

variation, but more probably dependent on some physical

condition to which the specimen possessing it is sub-

jected during its metamorphosis from the pupal condition,

occurs in numerous other Hydrophilide and Dytiscide,

and is not unfrequently alluded to by describers as being

a specific character. The second form of adventitious

sculpture consists in the appearance in certain individuals

of two lines of punctures near the outer margin of the

wing-case, or near the suture; this character also can

scarcely be considered variation, but I believe it depends

on the fact that although the species of the genus

appear externally to be without series of punctures on

the wing-cases, yet in reality these exist in the interior

of this part (they are in fact more or less conspicuous

on the inner face of the wing-case according to the con-

dition of the membrane covering this face) and become

occasionally evident externally if the chitinous sub-

stance be a little thinner than usual, or from some other

cause.

After eliminating these sources of confusion, and after

included in the genus Tropisternus. 93

arranging the species in groups, there is still much

difficulty in distinguishing the species, owing to the

variability in some other points. The most important

of these is the spine or carina frequently apparent on

the last ventral segment; this in certain species, e. g.,

H. apicipalpis, is very constant in its size and form, but

in others (especially in H. lateralis) it is excessively

variable, unless it be the case that more than one

species is mixed together in these cases of apparent

variability. There seems some probability that this

latter may be the case, because in the species last named

the crest is quite absent in South American individuals,

but is nearly always present in individuals from the

United States of North America. In Central American

individuals it is present in various degrees of develop-

ment.

A fact of some interest is the presence in numerous

species of the genus of an excessively fine squamosity on

the polished surfaces of the hind tibie and tarsi. This

is somewhat similar to what we find existing more con-

spicuously in Hretes, of the family Dytiscide ; it is ex-

cessively delicate and very easily removed, and is of

interest to the evolutionist inasmuch as it may be con-

sidered to be the remnant of a structure formerly more

developed, but now in process of disappearing. This

peculiarity may be well observed in the common species,

T. nitens, Cast.

It is still more interesting to observe that in the case

of Hretes and Tropisternus this peculiarity of the

squamose swimming legs is accompanied by another

common to the two, and almost (if not altogether) con-

fined to them amongst their allies, viz., the existence on

the epipleural margin of short rigid spines. In the

T'ropisternt each of these spines is inserted in a large

puncture or depression, the shape of which apparently

adapts it to receive the spine when depressed, and there

is no doubt these spines are mobile and capable of being

depressed or erected; these peculiarities present some

valuable specific characters, and may be seen to advan-

tage in Hydrophilus apicipalpis.

In discussing the characters of some of the species I

have made use, in speaking of some punctures on the

head and thorax, of the term ‘systematic punctures ” ;

I allude by this to some punctures which are present

with great constancy in the Hydrophilide on these parts

94 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species

of the body. On the head there is a series on the

clypeus commencing on each side in front of the eye

and extending forwards, till near the front of the clypeus

it changes its direction by a curve, extending backwards,

and converging with its fellow of the other side towards

the mesial line of the back of the clypeus ; besides this

looped series there is a patch of punctures on the inner

margin of the eye; on the thorax there is a lateral line

of punctures placed at a little distance from the side

about the middle of the length, and there is also an

anterior series consisting of two or three punctures

placed near the front of the thorax behind the eye on

each side. I have not made so much use, as I think I

might have done with advantage, of these systematic

punctures, and content myself with pointing them out

and recommending that attention should be paid to them

by future students.

As regards the validity of the genus T'ropisternus, I

must say that though it has not been admitted by some

of our best entomologists, it appears to me incontestable.

It was established by Solier in the ‘ Annales de la Société

entomologique de France,’ 1834, p. 308, by a dismember-

ment from Hydrophilus, in which its species had before

been included ; it differs from Hydrophilus by the different

proportions of the articulations of the maxillary palpi,

the penultimate joint of which is shorter than the ter-

minal one, while in Hydrophilus the contrary proportion

prevails; the ventral segments in T'ropisternus are

entirely pubescent, while in Hydrophilus they always

have a large glabrous area. There are also other minor

differences, of which an important one is the size of the

individuals: the largest T'ropisternus only attains about

15 mm. of length, while the smallest Hydrophilus has

about 25 mm., and the largest attains about 45 mm.

I think it is clear that we have here an aggregate quite

distinct from Hydrophilus.

Altogether I have discriminated thirty-five species,

but two of these form a distinct new genus on account

of the structure of the margins of the wing-cases ; the

other thirty-three species are arranged in ten groups, the

ten groups forming two very distinct sections. In the

Munich Catalogue “of Coleoptera thirty-two species are

recorded under ‘the genus ; of these some half-dozen are

mere synonyms ; one must be rejected as not belonging

to the genus; and about half a dozen others cannot be

included in the genus Tropisternus. 95

identified with any species I know. At the end of this

paper I have added some short observations on these

doubtful names.

SrctTion A.

Posterior tibize entirely destitute of cilia (or swimming-

hairs). This section comprises six groups.

Group 1. Species having the fissure on the middle of the

prosternum open in front as well as below. (Species

1 to 6). Inall the other groups the divided prosternum

as closed in front.

The insects combined in this group appear to be

extremely closely allied, the distinctions being chiefly in

the details of coloration. They all have the upper

surface yellow, with metallic green parts on the head,

thorax, and elytra: these green marks are placed on the

posterior part of the head; on the middle of the thorax ;

and on the wing-cases, where they are longitudinal stripes

or vittz ; in certain species some or all of these metallic

marks become of increased extent so as nearly to cover the

whole area of the part on which they are situated, but

the margins always remain pale. In other respects the

Species agree very closely. The epipleural margin is

punctate, but the upper edge, on which the punctures

are placed, is very narrow, so that the punctures readily

escape observation, although they are in fact large and

placed very close to one another; they bear no visible

spines, but when the tip of the finger or the edge of a

hard instrument is passed over them they are found to

be extremely asperate ; they are confined to the posterior

half or two-thirds of the margin, no trace of them being

visible on the basal portion. The upper inner face of

the hind tibia is highly polished, but when examined

with a good magnifying-power is seen to be obsoletely

sculptured, the shallow punctures being filled up by an

extremely fine squamosity. The outer face of the tibia

is asperate, with coarse punctures and erect spines, and

the line of demarcation between the armed outer face

and the smooth inner one is straight, being formed by

a series of coarse punctures ; the posterior punctures of

this series are not closer to one another than are the

basal punctures; they do not diverge (or encroach) on

the smooth inner face and are not armed with fine erect

sete. ‘I'he sternal spine is very acuminate, not flat,

96 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species

much curved away from the body, and is quite as long

as the space between the middle and hind coxe. The

pubescent space on the base of the hind femur is of

moderate size, covering about one-fourth of the whole

area of the lower face. The tooth on the claw of the

middle and hind feet of the male is placed quite near the

apex, and there is no other external mark of distinction

between the sexes, so far as I can observe. The last

ventral segment is unarmed, except that there exist

two or three elongate sete in the middle near the hind

margin. The uniformity in structure of the species

appears very complete, and if it were not for the absence

of intermediate forms they might all be considered as

varieties of one widely-distributed species.

As regards the peculiarity on which I have specially

based the group, I may remark that it was first pointed

out by Leconte, and that one effect of the peculiarity is

to allow a more complete contraction of the prothorax on

to the after-body, owing to the raised mesosternal keel

being able to pass slightly beyond the front margin of

the fissured prosternum. ‘The group will no doubt

ultimately be treated as a distinct genus.

1. Tropisternus scutellaris, Cast.

Cast., Hist. Nat., ii., p. 54.

Hydrophilus lepidus, Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., Ins., p. 57.

Brazil. (Buenos Ayres).

This species is very closely allied to Hydrophilus

collaris, but the metallic lines on the wing-cases are

extremely diminished, and, indeed, are represented only

by four small, short streaks placed near the suture, two

just behind the middle and two near the extremity ; one

or more of these small streaks is occasionally quite

obliterated. The epipleural margin is provided with

punctures which, although they do not reach to the

shoulder, are more distinct in front than they are in

H. collaris. The under or inner claw on each of the

middle and hind feet is in the male dentate near the

extremity ; this is the only external sexual character I

can detect.

This species appears to be rare.

included in the genus Tropisternus. 97

2. Hydrophilus collaris, Fab.

Fab., Ent. Syst., 1., p. 184.

Tropisternus collaris, Cast., Hist. Nat., il., p. 54.

South America, from Caracas to Entre Rios ; Panama ;

Mexico ?; St. Domingo ?. Panama; Caracas, Cumana ;

Colombia ; Ega, Tapajos; Bahia; Rio de J aneiro; Santa

Cruz.

In this species the yellow elytra are marked with

longitudinal stripes of a metallic-green lustre. These

stripes are four in number, in addition to the suture,

which also is green ; they are not quite straight, and are

usually broader than the spaces of the yellow ground

colour by which they are separated ; behind the middle

two or more of them frequently unite; the 2nd and 8rd

of these green stripes are longer behind than the other

two, and when carefully examined it is seen that their

hinder parts are portions grafted (as it were) on to the

anterior portions, there being left a more or less distinct

irregularity at the point of juncture, which is an over-

lapping one; the lateral portion of the wing-cases is

always broadly pale.

The species is apparently a very abundant one in

South America, and varies a little in colour, but not

very much; the metallic mark on the middle of the

thorax varies a little in width, and is sometimes a mere

line, and is never quite half as broad as it is long, but

its width and definiteness are frequently rendered in-

distinct by its being surrounded by a cloud of fuscous or

dark colour, probably the result of decomposition of the

prothoracic muscular tissue. The epipleural margin is

very fine behind the middle, so that the punctures on it

are not easily detected, and cannot be traced at all in

front of the hind border of the posterior coxe.

St. Domingo was given as the locality for an individual

in Doué’s collection; and in that of the late W. W.

Saunders there were several individuals labelled Mexico.

3. Tropisternus proximus, 0. 8.

Superne testaceus, vertice, linea mediali prothoracis,

scutello, lineis quatuor elytrorum aliisque fractis inter-

jectis viridi-metallicis. Long. 9—10 mm.

Cuba.

98 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species

This differs only from Hydrophilus collaris, Fab., by

the fact that the green marks I have spoken of in

H. collaris as being grafted on to the posterior portions

of the 2nd and 8rd green lines on the wing-cases are in

T’. proximus not joined thereto, but are continued for-

wards on the yellow interstice as separate (more or less

broken up) lines. In 7’. mexicanus these intercalated

lines exist entire, not broken up as in JT’. proximus.

Whether this peculiarity of markings really indicates a

distinct species I cannot say, but it appears to me at any

rate an interesting local race; and I could not say

whether, if a race, it is an offset from T'ropisternus

meaicanus or from Hydrophilus collaris.

The individuals in my possession are from old French

‘collections, and some of them are labelled ‘ approi-

matus,’’ but I have preferred a shorter trivial name.

4. Tropisternus mexicanus, Cast.

Cast., Hist. Nat., i, p. 54; Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am.,

pus 219 oo, spiel, fos

Central America, from Mexico to Nicaragua.

In this species there are six elongate green lines on

each wing-case ; in some individuals these lines are con-

nected together into one large mass of dark colour by

an infuscation or discoloration of the surface, and in

such specimens there usually exists also a dark cloud

round the central mark on the thorax ; examples in this

state resemble extremely the North American H. strio-

latus, but the punctuation of the wing-cases is less fine

in this latter species. The sculpture of the epipleural

margin is quite as indistinct in 7’. mexicanus as it is in

Hydrophilus collaris.

5. Hydrophilus striolatus, Lec.

Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 357.

North America. (Southern United States) ; (Mexico ?).

This is very closely allied to 7’. mexicanus, but the

punctuation of the wing-cases is evidently coarser and

more distinct, and the sculpture of the epipleural margin

can be traced further forwards; the yellow intervals

separating the green lines are usually very small, and

frequently cannot be detected at all; the metallic colour

included in the genus Tropisternus. 99

on the thorax occupies the greater portion of its area,

leaving frequently only a narrow irregular border pale.

The specimens before me seem to indicate that there may

possibly be two distinct species mixed in collections, one

characterised by the complete confluence of the metallic

lines on the wing-cases, and the large development of

the metallic colour on the thorax would then be new. I

have an individual of this dark form labelled as being

from New York, but I do not know whether this be

correct, and Leconte records the species only from the

Southern States. The Mexican habitat requires con-

firmation, as it is given on the authority of an individual

from an old French collection labelled ‘‘ H. strigatus,

Chevrolat, Mexique.”

6. Tropisternus parananus, Ni. 8.

Superne viridi-fuscus, pernitidus, limbo testaceo;

pedibus testaceis, femoribus basi nigricantibus. Long.

9 mm.

Parana.

This species is similar in colour to Hydrophilus strio-

latus, but in sculpture to H. collaris. The head and

- thorax are of a metallic colour, with the front margin of

the former and the sides of the latter yellow. The stripes

on the elytra are placed as in the South American

species, but are connected by fuscous colour into a large

mass of dark colour, leaving only the lateral margin

yellow. The sculpture of the epipleural margin is quite

as indistinct as it is in H. collaris.

I have before me only a single individual.

Group 2. Sternal spine flat and broad, quite short, not

extending further backwards than the first visible

ventral suture; maxillary palpi shorter than in any of

the other species ; setigerous punctures on each side of

prothorax agglomerated into a small depression having

the appearance of a single large puncture; pubescent

area on posterior femur almost absent. (Species 7

to 9).

The species of this group appear to be rarer than the

other Tropisterni ; their individuals have the upper sur-

face unicolorous, and the epipleural margin is either

100 Mr. D. harp’s revision of the species

crenate-punctate or smooth. I have not found amongst

the individuals in my collection any with the claws

toothed, and am not aware that any external mark by

which the sexes may be distinguished exists.

7. Tropisternus breviceps, n.s.

Crassus, latus, sat convexus, niger, nitidus, parum

metallescens, palpis concoloribus, crebre subtiliter punc-

tulatus ; mento fortiter punctato ; elytrorum linea mar-

ginali levigata. Long. 11 mm., lat. 6} mm.

Brazil (from Reiche’s collection under the name of

T’. crassus).

I have before me only a single individual of this

peculiar species, remarkable for its short broad form.

The palpi are remarkably short, and are dark in colour.

The mentum is shining, but is deeply and rather coarsely

punctate. The posterior punctures of the clypeal series

are reduced to two or three on each side; the punctures

near the inner margin of the eye are numerous, but are

irregularly placed. The hind tibie have a series of

punctures bordering their smooth internal face; each of

these punctures bears a short fine spine, the series does

not extend to the apex, and the terminal punctures are

not different from the others. The sternal spine is

short and broad, and its apex is carinate in the middle.

The last ventral segment is not carinate, but bears at

the extremity a minute and short, rather thick, pencil of

sete. The pubescent area of the posterior femur is

confined to a small space extending along the anterior

margin.

8. Tropisternus brevicollis, Sharp.

Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2. p. 56, pl. u1., f. 4.

Mexico.

Allied to JT’. breviceps, but of much narrower form,

with the surface less punctate, and the clypeal and

orbital punctures still more reduced; the mentum is less

punctate ; the sternal spine not so short and broad, not

carinate; the last ventral segment plicate along the

middle, the fold, however, but little elevated. The unique

individual in my possession was compared with Dejean’s

collection of Hydrophilus by Mulsant at the time this

passed into the possession of the Lyons Museum, and

was marked as a species ‘‘ not in Dejean’s collection.”

included in the genus T'ropisternus. 101

9. Hydrophilus nitidulus, Brullé.

Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., Ins., p. 55.

Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) ; (Mexico, in coll. Laferté).

This species is readily to be distinguished from the

others of its group by the punctate or crenate epipleural

margin, the sculpture not, however, extending to the

base. The hind legs are elongate and slender, the mar-

ginal series of punctures has the apical punctures so

crowded together as to be nearly confluent into a groove,

and each bearing a fine, short, erect seta. The apical

ventral segment is strongly carinate, and the apex of the

carina projects as a short spine.

The individual, supposed to be from Mexico, is of

smaller size than the Brazilian examples, and is of more

metallic colour, and the apex of the abdominal carina is

less spinose. It may prove to belong to a different

species. The specimen is unfortunately in very bad

condition.

Group 8. Sternal spine flat and broad, rather short, but

extending backwards a little beyond the first ventral

suture; maxillary palpi elongate ; setigerous punctures

on each side of prothorax agglomerated into a small

depression ; pubescent area on posterior femur of

moderate extent; posterior tibia with its smooth inner

face limited above by a series of punctures which do

not extend to the extremity, the apical punctures

crowded so as to be almost confluent into a groove,

which diverges slightly on to the polished inner face,

and each bearing a fine, short, erect seta. (Species

10 to 18).

The species of this group are apparently not common,

and are very closely allied in all structural points,

although one of them is remarkable from the unusual

development of the eyes. ‘The size and form of the

pubescent area on the hind femur seems very similar in

all the species ; at the hind margin its limit extends just

beyond the apex of the trochanter, and stretches across

the femur in an oblique manner, reaching further out-

wards as it goes forwards, so that on the front margin it

extends about two-fifths of the length of the femur;

altogether it covers about one-fourth of the whole area

of the lower face of the femur.

102 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species

10. Tropisternus oculatus, Sharp.

Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 58, pl. il, f. 6.

Mexico; South America; Colombia.

This species may be readily distinguished from all

others known to me by the larger eyes; the upper sur-

face is of an olivaceous tint, and the maxillary palpi, as

well as the ventral spine, are very elongate. In the

individual labelled ‘“‘ New Grenada” in my collection the

systematic punctures near the side of the thorax are not

concentrated into so minute a fovea as they are in other

individuals. The habitat Mexico is undoubtedly correct,

Mr. Godman haying recently received two individuals

from Presidio; the species existed in Doué’s collection,

labelled ‘‘ H. congener, South America”; it was also in

Reiche’s collection, labelled ‘‘H. xanthopus, Reiche,

Colombie,” and in Laferté’s, where it was ticketed ‘‘ New

Grenada.”

11. Tropisternus flavipalpis, nu. 8.

Superne niger, metallico-tinctus, antennarum. basi

palpisque testaceis, pedibus rufis, femoribus basi nigris ;

. subtilius punctatus, pernitidus; elytrorum linea margi-

nali subtiliter crenato-punctata, in dimidio basali levi-

gata ; abdominis apice sat longe spinoso. Long. 11 mm.,

lat. 64 mm.

Mexico (from W. W. Saunders’ collection).

This is very similar to 7’. oculatus, but the eyes are

not so largely developed, and the ventral spine is less

elongate. Although I have described the epipleural line

as without punctures on the anterior half, yet by careful

examination, with a very strong lens, of a perfectly

cleaned specimen, very minute punctures can be detected.

The only individual I have seen is apparently a male,

but the tooth on the claws is placed at the extreme base,

on the swollen part of the claw, and thus is not easily

detected.

12. Tropisternus chontalensis, Sharp.

Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 57.

Central America.

This is extremely close to 7’. flavipalpis, but the legs

are darker, and the apical ventral segment bears a very

included in the genus T'ropisternus. 103

strongly elevated carina, the apex of which is liberated

so as to form only a very short spine. The unique in-

dividual appears tobe afemale; at any rate I can detect

no trace of a tooth on the claws.

13. Tropisternus robustus, n. s.

Niger, superne subviolaceo-tinctus, antennarum basi

palpisque testaceis; subtilius punctatus, pernitidus,

elytris versus apicem fere levigatis; elytrorum linea

marginali fortiter punctata; abdominis apice longius

spinoso. Long. 12 mm., lat. 7 mm.

Ecuador (found by Mr. Buckley).

Var.-Femoribus versus apicem rufescentibus, abdo-

minis spina paulo minore. (Hab. Cayenne ?; from Doué’s

collection under the name of Hydrophilus femoratus,

Buquet).

This species is rather more robustly built than its

allies, and may be readily identified by the sculpture of

the epipleural margin, which is conspicuous along the

whole length. I have not detected a tooth, in the few

Specimens at my disposal, on the claws. The two indi-

viduals found by Mr. Buckley have the legs darker than

those from the old French collections, and it is possible

that ultimately these latter may prove distinct.

Group 4. Sternal spine very elongate and not in the least

flattened, much curved away from the body; other

characters as in Group 8. A single species only is yet

known, viz. :—

14. Hydrophilus latus, Brulle.

brulle, Voy. d’Orb.,.Ins., p. 55, pl. iv., f. 3.

Monte Video.

This species is an extremely remarkable one from the

large size of its individuals and the greatly developed

sternal spine; thus it can be confounded with none other

of the species without cilia on the hind tibia. I find a

variation in the length of the sternal spine, which in

certain individuals extends quite as far back as the third

ventral suture, while in others it is a little shorter; I

think it possible these latter may be the females. I

have not detected any other character- by which I can

104 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species

distinguish the sexes. The epipleural margin is con-

_ Spicuously punctured up to the base, and the ventral

spine is elongate and rather slender.

Group 5. Sternal spine broad and rather flat and short,

but extending beyond the first ventral suture ; pubescent

area of posterior femur of large extent, occupying about

one-half of the lower face of the femur; last ventral

segment armed with elongate spine; stature large.

(Species 15 to 17).

15. Hydrophilus apicipalpis, Chev.

Chev., Col. Mex., fase. 3.

Mexico; Guatemala ; Colombia ; Cayenne.

This species is of large stature, and usually black in

colour, with a slight eneous tinge, but occasionally the

surface shows somewhat brilliant metallic reflections ;

the punctuation of the wing-cases is very dense and even,

and, although very fine, is quite distinct, and there may

always be detected (when a specimen is well cleaned) on

each wing-case the rudiments of seven or eight striz

formed by lines of very fine punctures. The form is

peculiar, the hind portion of the wing-cases is more

elongate than usual, and so the posterior part of the body

appears more acuminate. The male has a very fine

tooth at the base of the under claw on the middle and

hind feet.

16. Tropisternus chalybeus, Cast.

Cast., Hist. Nat. ii., p. 58.

T. nitidus, Cast., l.c.

Hydrophilus chalybeatus, Curt., Trans. Linn. Soe. xix.,

p. 42

Mexico ; Guatemala; Panama; Colombia; Cayenne ;

Amazons (from water standing in a canoe, Rio Sappo,

21st Nov., 1874, Prof. Trail) ; Brazil; Guadeloupe.

This species is readily distinguished by the beautiful

colour of the upper surface, which is violet, purple, or

blue. It varies a good deal in size and in the colour of

the legs, but I am unable at present to distinguish more

than one species. I have preferred the trivial name of

chalybeus to that of nitidus, although the two were pub-

lished at the same time, because there exists also a

nitidulus and a nitens in the genus.

included in the genus Tropisternus. 105

17. Tropisternus crassus, Sharp.

Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 55.

Guatemala.

Very closely allied to T. chalybeus, and approached on

one or more points by some of the varieties of that

species, but of shorter and broader form, with the legs

shorter, and the pubescent area on the femora compara-

tively a little larger.

Group 6. Sternal spine not flat, acuminate, of moderate

length, extending nearly or quite to 2nd ventral suture ;

pubescent area of posterior femur of moderate extent

(occupying about one-fourth of the whole area of the

lower face) ; last ventral segment unarmed. (Species

18 and 19).

The two species of this group are not closely allied.

T.. nitens is variable in size and form, and is more likely

to cause difficulty in its identification than any other

species of the genus, owing to the superficial resemblance

it possesses to species of other groups. J’. ovalis, on

the other hand, is, by its small size and peculiar form,

more readily distinguished at a glance than any other

species of the genus. In both species the epipleural

margin is punctate even at the base.

18. Tropisternus nitens, Cast.

Cast., Hist. Nat., i1., p. 54.

From Mexico to Rio de Janeiro. (Mexico; Guatemala ;

Colombia; Venezuela; Demerara; Bahia; Rio de

Janeiro ; Santa Cruz).

In this species the 6th joint of the antenna is slightly

larger than in most others of the genus, but is a good

deal smaller than it is in 7. ovalis. It is one of the

- most abundant species of the genus, and varies much ;

the length is between 64 mm. and 103} mm.; the colour

of the upper surface is usually shining black, but some-

times is strongly metallic; the form is rather narrow,

and sometimes attenuate behind, sometimes rounded,

106 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species

19. Tropisternus ovalis, Cast.

Cast., Hist. Nat., ii., p.54; Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am.,

1.5. Pb. 25 lene ele Oe

From Mexico to Bahia. Oaxaca; Guatemala; Co-

lombia (Coll. Reiche) ; Bahia (Coll. Castlenau).

The individuals of this species are of smaller size

than others of the genus, except the smallest individuals

of T’. nitens ; the form is peculiarly short and broad, the

createst width being near the extremity behind, and the

punctuation of the upper surface is more distinct and

less dense than usual; these characters, in combination

with the unusual development of the 6th joint of the

antenna, permit the easy identification of the species ; it

appears to be rare in collections.

Srotion B.

Posterior tibie with an elongate series of swimming-

hairs placed in a groove extending along the outer mar-

gin of their upper-inner face, from the knee to near the

extremity.

This section comprises groups 7 to 10. The species in

this section are more closely allied inter se than are many

of the species of the A section, and I have separated

them into groups merely to facilitate the determination

of species.

Group 7. Upper surface without yellow cincture, the mar-

gins being nearly or quite concolorous ; epiplewral

margin distinctly punctate from the humeral angle to

near the extremity. (Species 20 to 27).

In this group I have placed eight species; the first

two of these, T'ropisternus concolor and Hydrophilus

ellipticus, have the lateral systematic punctures on the

thorax reduced to one or two on each side, while in all

the other species they form a short, sometimes irregular,

line of five or six punctures. In all the species the

sternal spine is of moderate length, or is rather elon-

gate; it is never short or flattened beneath ; the pube-

scent area at the base of the hind femur is either small

or very small. The armature of the last ventral seg-

ment is very variable in this group of species.

included in the genus Tropisternus. 107

20. T'ropisternus concolor, Sharp.

Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 87.

Mexico and Guatemala.

This species, by the deep coarse punctures on the epi-

pleural margin, resembles 7’. nigrinus, but T’. concolor is

of shorter and broader form, more rounded behind, with

the sculpture of the upper surface excessively fine, and

the systematic punctures at the side of the thorax are

more concentrated, for, while in 7’. nigrinus they form a

moderately short line, in 7’. concolor they are nearly or

quite concentrated into a group placed in a small round

depression.

21. Hydrophilus ellipticus, Lec.

Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 368.

North America (New Mexico, California, Utah).

This species is readily distinguished from its North

American allies by the fact that the systematic punc-

tures on the side of the thorax are much reduced, there

being only two, placed very near one another (or even

amalgamated), but occasionally at a distance on one or

both sides of these may be seen another much finer

puncture, marking the beginning or end of the series as

it exists in other species. The form is broader and more

obtuse behind than it is in H. californicus and H. sub-

levis ; the upper surface is very polished, and its sculp-

ture extremely fine; the punctures on the epipleural

margin are very distinct from the shoulder backwards ;

the sternal spine is formed much as in H. californicus ;

on the last ventral segment there is only a very obscure

carina, and the pubescent area at the base of the pos-

terior femur is small; the legs are dark, but marked

with yellow. There appears to be little or no sexual

difference in the sculpture of the mentum.

I have seen only three individuals, from California

and Utah.

22. Tropisternus nigrinus, Boh.

Boh., Eugen. Resa, Coleoptera, p. 22.

Brazil; Rio Grande, Parana, Corrientes; Monte

Video (fide Boheman).

TRANS. ENT. Soc, 1883.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) K

108 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species

This species bears an extreme resemblance to some of

the varieties of 7’. nitens, but can be readily distinguished

by the ciliate posterior tibie. The sternal spine is

rather short and stout, not extending quite so far as the

hind margin of the 2nd ventral segment; it is punctate,

but not quite flat, and is thick in the vertical direction.

The apical ventral segment has only the rudiment of a

carina. The punctuation of the elytra is very fine, that

of the epipleural margin quite coarse, even at the base.

The legs are rather short and stout, usually dark in

colour, and the upper face of the hind tibia is rather

closely squamose-punctate.

I have had some doubt in determining this to be

Boheman’s TJ’. nigrinus, but, although he does not

allude to the important facts as to the condition of the

tibie, epipleural margin, &c., his description on the

whole accords better with this species than with any

other I know, and I have therefore applied his name to

it. Most of the individuals I have seen are from old

French collections, and are labelled either ‘‘ ebenus, De}.,”’

or “‘ geniculatus, Klug.”

23. Hydrophilus ochripes, Curt.

Curt., Trans. Linn. Soce., xix. (1845), p. 443.

Chili; Bolivia ; Southern Brazil; La Plata; Buenos

Ayres ; Monte Video ; Corrientes ; Rio de Janeiro.

In this species the legs are nearly always yellow;

the punctuation of the upper surface is fine and regular,

but quite distinct ; although the epipleural margin is not

broad, its punctuation is quite distinct even at the

shoulder ; the sternal spine is slender and elongate,

reaching as far as the extremity of the 2nd ventral seg-

ment, and is without punctures ; there is only a very faint

indication of any carina on the last ventral segment.

The more slender elongate and glabrous sternal spine

readily distinguishes this species from 7’. nigrinus.

The description of Curtis, though brief and without

allusion to any of the most important characters, applies

better to this species than to any other known to me,

and as the habitat he gives (‘‘ Valparaiso and Brazil ’’)

also agrees, I have used his name without much hesita-

tion ; he describes the upper surface as being “‘ piceous,

with a violet tint”; this is sometimes the case, but more

frequently itis nearly pure shining black.

The species appears to be a common one,

included in the genus Tropisternus. 109

24. Hydrophilus sublevis, Lec.

Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 368.

Hydrophilus quadristriatus, Horn, Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc., 1871, p. 381.

North America.

This species appears to be closely allied to H. cali-

fornicus, but to be narrower and smaller, and with the

_ pubescent area at the base of the hind femur rather

larger; the apical ventral segment has a_ strongly

elevated carina, the apex of which projects beyond the

extremity of the segment. There seems to be no sexual

difference in the sculpture of the mentum. In other

respects the species seems very similar to H. cali-

fornicus.

I have seen only a pair of the species, so can form no

opinion as to its variation; in both these individuals the

legs are nearly entirely pale yellow.

25. Hydrophilus californicus, Lec.

Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 367.

North America (California).

This species may be readily distinguished from H.

glaber by its less punctate upper surface, and by the last

ventral segment bearing only a carina or plica instead of

the spine existing in H. glaber. The systematic punc-

tures on the side of the prothorax form a somewhat

short and irregular line; the sculpture of the epipleural

margin is distinct from the shoulder backwards. The

sternal spine is curved away from the body, and is elon-

gate, narrow, and deep, formed, in fact, as in H. glaber,

but scarcely so long and stout; the apical ventral seg-

ment bears a plica or carina; and the pubescent area

at the base of the hind femur is quite small.

There is a striking sexual disparity in the sculpture of

the mentum and the lateral portions of the submentum,

the punctuation of these parts being much denser in the

male than in the female.

The species is variable, and there may be more than

one mixed under the name. In one form there is a well-

marked development of coarse punctuation on the sides

110 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species

of the elytra towards the extremity, while in other

specimens this additional sculpture is quite absent ;

this latter form is usually of darker and less metallic

colour.

26. Hydrophilus glaber (Herbst ?), Lec.

Lee., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 868.

North America; Haiti.

In this species the punctuation of the upper surface is

quite distinct and evenly distributed, but does not give

rise to a dull appearance; the systematic punctures on

the prothorax form a somewhat short line; the sternal

spine is elongate and much curved away from the body,

and is rounded beneath, not flattened ; the apical ventral

segment bears a very distinct free spine. The epipleural

sculpture is coarse and distinct from the base to near the

apex.

It appears to be variable, or there may be more than

one species under the name; the pubescent area of the

posterior femur is sometimes quite small, but in other

cases is rather more extensive; the ventral spine also

varies somewhat in its development.

It seems scarcely possibly that this species can be that

intended by Herbst in his description of Hydrophilus

glaber; he calls his insect ‘‘ glaberrimus,” and repeats

that it has the head, thorax, and elytra quite impunctate,

whereas the punctuation of the upper surface is in this

Species quite conspicuous, and more developed than in

any other of the genus, except H. mixtus, Lec.

It appears to be abundant throughout the United States

of North America.

27. Hydrophilus nixtus, Lec.

Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 368.

North America; United States ; New York.

This is extremely closely allied to H. glaber, but the

punctuation of the upper surface is much denser, so that

the elytra towards the sides and extremity are dull. The

pubescent area on the hind femur is larger than in

some of the varieties of H. glaber, but other forms of

this latter species have the area quite as extensive as in

H, nixtus,

included in the genus Tropisternus. + 111

Group 8. Upper surface with a yellow marginal cincture ;

epipleural margin rather finely punctate, the punctures

distinct, however, even at the base. (Species 28

and 29). ;

Two species are included in this group; they do not

differ in any important respect from Group 7, but I have

separated them because the yellow marginal band gives

them a rather different appearance.

28. Hydrophilus lateralis, Fab.

Fab., Syst. Ent., p. 228.

America, North and South, including the Antilles.

United States, from New York southwards, abundant ;

Mexico and Central America, abundant; Cuba, Antigua,

St. Thomas; Rio Janeiro, Constancia, Buenos Ayres,

Chili.

In this species the form is rather slender and elongate,

and the upper surface shining, closely, very finely, and

evenly punctate ; the yellow cincture is subject to a good

deal of variation in its width and regularity, but usually

is narrower on the wing-cases than on the thorax, be-

coming on the former narrower as it proceeds backwards,

so that it nearly entirely disappears before reaching the

suture at the apex ; the systematic punctures on the side

of the thorax are fine and form a rather short irregular

line ; the epipleural margin is narrow, so that the punc-

tures on it are not coarse, but they are quite distinct

from the shoulder backwards ; the sternal spine is rather

elongate and slender, and the apical ventral segment is

either unarmed or bears a carina or plica of variable ele-

vation and length ; the pubescent area at the base of the

hind femur is quite small; the legs are yellow, with the

femora infuscate to a variable extent. The male has a

distinct tooth on the inner claw of the middle and pos-

terior feet, and this is the only certain external sexual

mark I can detect.

The species varies much in the breadth and regularity

of the yellow cincture on the head, thorax, and wing-

cases ; sometimes it is broader on one or other of these,

and sometimes, but rarely, on the wing-case it becomes

rather broader and more irregular at the apex. The

armature of the last ventral plate also varies greatly ;

112 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species

sometimes there is only a scarcely visible elevation bear-

ing two or three sete, while in other cases there is a

strongly-elevated plica, the extremity of which projects

backwards to a greater or less extent as a free spine.

I have been quite unable to arrange the numerous

variations in such a way as to indicate distinct species ;

nevertheless it may prove that there is more than one

truly distinct species mixed under the name. In South

America the last ventral segment is apparently always

simple, and in North America is never quite simple, but

always more or less distinctly carinate or subspinose ; in

Mexico and Central America there exists a great deal of

variation in this character.

29. Hydrophilus dorsalis, Brulle.

Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., p. 57, pl. 4, f. 61.

Hydrophilus limbalis, Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1865,

p- 367.

America, North and South. Arizona, California, New

Grenada, Peru; Chili, Corrientes (teste Brullé).

So far as I can see, this insect is only different from

H. lateralis by the greater extension of the yellow colour

of the upper surface, the lateral band of the wing-case

occupying about two-fifths of the width, and at the base

nearly always extending inwards towards the scutellum.

If | may express an opinion, from the few specimens

I have seen, I should say that, as in H. lateralis, the last

ventral segment has its carina more developed in North

America than in South America.

Group 9. Upper surface without a yellow cincture; epi-

pleural margin with rather fine and somewhat distant

punctures at or behind the middle, but without sculpture

at the shoulder. (Species 80 to 82).

The three species I have here associated are separated

from Group 7 merely as a matter of convenience in

determining the species; J’. zanthopus, in fact, has not

the epipleure quite impunctate at- the base, careful

examination revealing fine punctures on this part.

included in the genus Tropisternus. 113

30. Tropisternus xanthopus, Sharp.

Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 59.

Mexico (Oaxaca).

In this species also the legs are yellow. It is closely

allied to H. ochripes, Curt., but is of more elongate and

narrow form, the punctuation of the wing-cases is more

distinct, and the sternal spine is shorter, though other-

wise similar; the epipleural margin is narrow, and its

sculpture on the basal portion obsolete.

31. T'ropisternus lancifer, n. 8.

Niger, parum metallescens, palpis antennarumque basi

testaceis, pedibus rufis; latiusculus, minus convexus,

capite thoraceque sat fortiter, elytris parce subtilissime

punctatis; margine pleurali antice levi, ad medium

parce parum distincte punctato ; spina sternali elongata,

tenui; abdominis apice carina obscura sed ad mar-

ginem posteriorem distincte elevata. Long. 10—11 mm.,

lat. 53 mm.

Colombia.

Punctuation of head and thorax quite distinct and not

close, their systematic punctures deeply impressed, those

on the side of the thorax forming a short line; wing-

cases sparingly and extremely finely punctulate; the

epipleural margin is not punctate at the base, behind

the middle it is narrow, and bears not very distinct

distant punctures. The legs are elongate and slender ;

the sternal spine is elongate and slender, extending a

little beyond the 2nd ventral suture ; on the last ventral

segment there is a short carina, which at the apex is

distinctly elevated.

The species is readily distinguished from TT’. ochripes

by the indistinct punctuation of the epipleural margin.

32. Tropisternus fuscitarsis, Sharp.

Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 58.

Mexico, Guatemala ; Colombia (fide Mus. Castlenau).

This is a species in which the colour of the legs

appears variable. It has the punctuation of the epi-

pleure indistinct, asin 7’. lancifer, but is readily dis-

tinguished from that species by the shorter, more depla-

114 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species

nate, sternal spine, and by the denser and more even

punctuation of the upper surface, there being in T.

fuscitarsis but little difference between the punctuation

of the thorax and the wing-cases, this being very close

and fine on both these parts, and even denser on the

thorax than on the elytra. The systematic punctures on

the side of the prothorax seem to be in this species

more variable than usual; sometimes there are three or

four of them forming a short irregular line, while more

usually they are concentrated into a small fossa.

Group 10. Epipleural margin quite destitute of sculpture

or spines.

The interesting species isolated to form this group

makes a slight approximation to the genus Plewrhomus

by the quite smooth epipleural margin.

33. Tropisternus tinctus, Sharp.

Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., 1., pt. 2, p. 59.

Mexico.

This species is readily identified by the complete

absence of sculpture on the epipleural margin, and by

the fact that the edge of the epipleura on the basal por-

tion of the wing-case, when seen beneath, forms a less

sharp edge than usual. There is an extreme sexual

difference in the sculpture of the mentum, this part in

the male being densely and finely rugulose-punctate and

opaque.

PLEURHOMUS, 0. g.

Structura fere generis T'ropisterni sed elytrorum epi-

pleuris pone coxas posteriores omnino angustis, haud ad

faciem elytri interiorem applicatis ; margine epipleurali

omnino levigato.

I have separated two species from the other T’ropisterni

on account of a peculiar structure of the margin of the

wing-case. In the species of Tropisternus the epipleura

behind the posterior coxe is folded in, so that a line

(which is the inner or lower margin of the epipleura) is

seen running along the inner face of the wing-case at a

little distance from its outer edge. In the two species of

Pleurhomus this is not the case ; the epipleura behind the

included in the genus Tropisternus. 115

coxa becomes gradually narrower, but is not so abruptly

turned in, till just before the extremity, where it is folded

in and applied to the inner face, as in T'ropisternus.

The two species are peculiar by their rather broad

form, much attenuate behind; they are very distinct

from one another, Tropisternus obscurus having the

swimming-legsrather stout and their tibie ciliate, whereas

in Pleuwrhomus sahlbergi the swimming-legs are slender

and their tibiz entirely destitute of ciliz; thus the two

species form two sections similar to what obtains in

Tropisternus. In both species the pubescent area at the

base of the hind femur is quite small.

1. Plewrhomus sahlbergi, un. 8.

Ovalis, convexus, posterius attenuatus, pernitidus,

supra fusco-eneus, antennis, palpis pedibusque anteri-

oribus testaceis, pedibus posterioribus piceis; elytris

sparsim punctatis. Long. 63 mm., lat. 3} mm.

Brazil.

The punctuation of the upper surface in this species

is quite distinct, but is rather more sparing than usual,

especially on the wing-cases, where, too, the punctures

are not all of one size, there being distinctly larger

punctures scattered amongst the finer ones. The syste-

matic punctures on the side of the thorax form a short

line, and the epipleural margin is without the least trace

of sculpture or spines. The sternal spine is short, flat,

and punctate, and there is not the least trace of any

carina on the last ventral segment. The hind legs are

very slender, the upper-inner face of their tibie is

extremely polished and without any trace of ciliation.

I have a single individual of this remarkable little

species sent to me by Prof. Sahlberg, of Helsingfors, as

No. 2881 ; it was discovered by his father at Santa Rita,

in Brazil, in September, 1850.

2. Tropisternus obscurus, Sharp.

Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 60, pl. ii., f. 7.

Guatemala.

In this species the punctuation of the upper surface

is very fine, and is evenly distributed, except that it is

denser on the head and thorax than it is on the wing-

eases; the systematic punctures on the side of the

116 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species

prothorax form a slightly irregular line; the epipleural

margin is entirely without sculpture or spines; the

swimming-legs are moderately stout, and their tibie

possess a series of swimming-hairs parallel with their

upper edge; the sternal spine is of moderate length and

not flattened ; the apical ventral segment bears a seti-

gerous tubercle near the hind margin.

As regards the following species, or rather names of

supposed species, I can give no information beyond the

appended hints :—

Tropisternus agilis, Cast., Hist. Nat., i., p. 53. De-

scribed from St. Vincent.—I have not seen any speci-

mens from the island in question, but am inclined to

think from Castlenau’s few words of description that this

may be a distinct species from any known to me.

T. binotatus, Walker, Nat. Vancouver, i1., 1866, p. 318.

Vancouver’s Island. — Leconte has identified this as

being H. limbalis, Lec. (cf. Ann. Nat. Hist., 4 ser., vi.,

p- 400), so the name should pass into synonymy.

T. blandus, Chev., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1868, p. 205.

Cuba.—The description of this species does not enable

me to form any opinion as to whether it is valid or the

name a synonym.

Hydrophilus chalybeatus, Curt., Trans. Linn. Soce., xix.,

p. 442. Brazil.—This is, I think, a mere synonym of

T. chalybeus, Cast.

Tropisternus levigatus, Boh., Eugen. Resa, p. 22. Rio

de Janeiro.—I think this will prove to be a species un-

known to me, unless it be a variety of 7. ovalis, Cast.

Hydrophilus levis, Sturm, Cat., p. 64, pl. 2, f. 18.

Cayenne and Brazil.—I find it quite impossible to come

to any conclusion as to what species this refers to.

H. lepidus, Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., p. 57, pl. 4, f. 4. Entre

Rios.—This is clearly the same as T’. scutellaris, Cast.,

and, as I believe, though of this I am not quite sure,

that the latter name has priority, 1 have adopted it.

H. limbalis, Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 8367.—Being

unable to find any specific difference between North

American and South American individuals, I- consider

this to be a synonym of H. dorsalis, Brulle.

included in the genus Tropisternus. i Uf

H. limbatus, Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., p. 56. Brazil.—Brullé

seems certainly to have described the Fabrician H.

lateralis over again under this name, which (unless

some one shall point out characters to distinguish the

varieties of H. lateralis as distinct species) must fall into

synonymy.

Tropisternus mergus, Redt., Hug. Kasch., iv., 2, p. 514.

Hindostan.— As the genus T’ropisternus is exclusively

South American, there is clearly some error in assigning

this species to it, and I have therefore not occupied

myself with it.

T’. nitidus, Cast., Hist. Nat., ii., p. 58. Guadeloupe.

—This is, I consider, a synonym of the same author’s

T’.. chalybeus : the dozen words of description do not in-

dicate any distinction.

Hydrophilus quadristriatus, Horn, Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc., 1871, p. 8831.—This has already been recorded by

its author as a synonym of H. sublevis, Lec.

Tropisternus sellatus, Cast., l.c., p. 54.—For the present

this must remain a doubtful species; the description

may possibly refer to an individual of H. collaris, dis-

coloured by decay.

Hydrophilus setiger, Germ., Ins. Spec. Nov., p. 95.

Buenos Ayres.—This cannot with certainty be identified

from the description, which consists almost entirely of

characters common to the whole of the genus. The

expression “‘ thoracis lateribus fulvis’’ seems to be quite

exceptional, but may perhaps refer to the inflexed margin,

which is yellowish or fulvescent in numerous species.

(\PEESE °)

V. On the classification of some families of the Tineina.

By E. Meyrick, B.A.

[Read December 6th, 1882.]

Contrary to my preconceived opinion I have satisfied

myself that the family classification of the Lepidoptera,

as at present existing, is in the main wholly unsatis-

factory. Based as it is entirely upon European types,

its deficiencies only become readily apparent when it is

attempted to apply the scheme to the fauna of a distinct

region. One discovers then how vague and ill-defined

the principal families are; the newly-added species

destroy all remaining semblance of distinction, and the

conclusion is inevitable, that without the aid of a system

founded on well-marked and definite characters, the

whole science will speedily become involved in hopeless

confusion.

Two causes have principally contributed to this result,

over and above the narrowness of the field of research,

viz., over-reliance on superficial characters, and under-

estimation of the value of neuration. As a striking

instance of the former, take the group of the Tortricina,

the classification of which, as at present understood in

England, is scientifically quite worthless. The group

presents a remarkably small range of variation in the

superficial characters of form, marking, and colour, and

consequently the same general appearance frequently

recurs in distinct genera, and especially frequently in

allied genera. Structure has consequently been dis-

regarded in the attempt to bring together discordant

species, and has even come to be more or less despised

as an untrustworthy indication of affinity. Yet the

group, which has been considered one of great difficulty

(as indeed any group is, if classified on such principles),

is really one of the easiest to arrange on a natural

system. I have elsewhere (Proc. Linn. Soc. of New

South Wales, 1881) given in full my views on the classi-

fication of this group, to which I need not further allude

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PART II. (JUNE.)

120 Mr. KE. Meyrick on the

now, except to remark that it is accurately separable into

three sharply-marked families.

Neuration has probably been neglected, as being less

easily observed than other characters. Yet, when one

has become tolerably familiar with the principal types

and deviations of structure, it can almost always be

readily discerned by an examination of the under surface

of the wings, where the veins usually stand out more

prominently. In cases of special difficulty the wing

may be rendered momentarily transparent with benzine,

but the cilia are sometimes injured in this way. In the

Tortricina and larger Tineina the veins can almost in-

variably be made out without much trouble.

The neuration forms, in my opinion, the most reliable

cuide to the classification of the Lepidoptera. In

examining large numbers of new species I have been

greatly struck by the persistence of its character in

particular groups, even when the form of the wings

undergoes extreme modifications. I do not mean to

affirm that differences of neuration are always of im-

portance ; Cerostoma, Lat., and Blabophanes, Z., may be

instanced as displaying considerable variation in this

respect within genera undoubtedly natural; yet even

here the variation is confined to certain limits, and

Blabophanes, though hardly two species are identical in

neuration, is yet absolutely separable from all its allies

by neural characters alone. But in 450 Australian

(Ecophoride I found the type of neuration absolutely

identical throughout, and in general I have assured

myself that it affords a means of defining accurately the

natural families of the Tineina, and probably the whole

of the Lepidoptera. In the Proc. Linn. Soc. of New

South Wales for this year I have pointed out how well

it serves to define the natural, yet hitherto practically

uncharacterised, genera of the Crambide. And in the

present paper I have endeavoured to set forth the con-

clusions to which I have been led in the investigation of

a principal group of the Tinea; by the result of

which I desire that the principles involved may be

estimated.

It should be kept in mind that, when a group has

been defined by considerations of structure alone, if such

a eroup is found to be locally distributed so as to be

confined to or excluded from one or more zoological

regions, the argument for its naturalness is very greatly

classification of the Tineina. 121

strengthened, and the case may in general be considered

proved without special reason to the contrary. This

follows immediately from the first principles of evolu-

tion.

In the following results I consider the families to be of

the same value biologically as the natural orders of

plants. I have been obliged to rely mainly on European

and Australian species in forming the classification, since

those of other regions, though partly known, have been

generically too ill characterised to be available for

evidence ; but I have included such other exotic genera

as it was possible to locate with tolerable certainty.

Kven Zeller’s descriptions of exotic genera are com-

monly unrecognisable and impracticable when the neu-

ration is not given. The neural terminology here

employed is that used by von Heinemann and commonly

on the Continent, the veins being denoted by numbers,

counting from the inner margin to the costa.

The genera here classified are almost all included by

von Heinemann in his heterogeneous family of the

Gelechide, and by Stainton in his Gelechiide and

(Hcophoride. Neither of these families, as understood

by their authors, admits of definite characterisation,

and they are therefore practically useless; and the

number of species included is so enormous that, unless

united by the possession of very definite characters, they

would imperatively call for further subdivision. They

do, however, form a connected group, standing at the

head of the T'ineina, and conforming to a single type.

The essential characters of this type are:—fore wings

with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked ; hind wings with 8 veins ;

labial palpi recurved, pointed. The exceptions to any of

these characters are very few, and are specified below in

their proper place; but the characters are insufficient

for definition, since they recur in combination in the

Plutellide, Hyponomeutide, and Elachistide, though only

occasionally. One character deserves very especial

attention, viz., the stalking of veins 7 and 8 of the fore

wings; to this there is no exception whatever, the only

appearance of one being in the two genera of (icophoride,

where these veins coincide throughout instead of par-

tially, and in the two genera of Gelechiide, where vein 5

is absent, and therefore the stalked veins are 6 and 7 in

actual order of numbering.

122 Mr. E. Meyrick on the

I propose a division of these genera into six families,

as follows :—

GELECHIIDA.

Antenne simple (very rarely ciliated in male). Fore

wings with 12 veins (rarely 11 or 10 by obsolescence of

veins 5 and 10), 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa (rarely to hind

margin), 2 from or near angle of cell. Hind wings with

8 veins (rarely 7 by obsolescence of vein 5), 3 and 4

separdte or from a point or stalked, 6 and 7 stalked or

separate. Hind wings often much broader than fore

wings, or sharply emarginate beneath the produced

apex.

A very large family, containing in Europe about 450

species, and I have 120 from Australia and New Zealand ;

it appears cosmopolitan, and is everywhere largely repre-

sented, but is less conspicuous in the southern hemisphere

than in the norther», The following is an attempted

arrangement of the European genera, though the sub-

divisions given are perhaps not accurately definable :—

A. Vein 7 of fore wings to costa.

a. Veins 3 and 4 of hind wings separate.

(Hicocecis, Gn. ProcuEvuusa, Hein.

CHILOPSELAPHUS, Mn. *Srrotroca, Hein.

*MEGACRASPEDUS, Z. Apopia, Hein.

Mesopuuers, H-S. Recurvaria, H-S.

CuiEopora, Curt. ANACAMPSIS, Curt.

CrutHomaparus, Mn. ArGyrITISs, Hein.

ANARSIA, Z. Paciiia, Hein.

PsoricopTERa, Stt. Nannopia, Hein.

Cuexaria, Hw. Lamprotes, Hein.

Parasia, Dup. Monocuroa, Hein.

Rurnosia, 7'r. Dorypnora, Hein.

SromoprERyx, Hein. Ereatis, Hein.

b. Veins 8 and 4 of hind wings from a point or stalked.

TELeIA, Hein. ACANTHOPHILA, Hein.

*Lita, T'r. TacuyptTinia, Hein.

Bryorrorua, Hein. Bracuycrossata, Hein.

Bracumia, Hein. CrratopHora, Hein.

*GELECHIA, Z. CiapopEs, Hein.

classification of the Tineina. 123

Soppronia, Hb. *YpsoLopuus, F’.

Hotucopnora, Sigr. Apiuerria, Ld.

Norunris, Hb. LecitHocera, H-S.

B. Vein 7 of fore wings to hind margin.

Evtees, Hein. Symmoca, Hb.

Gonta, Hein.

To this family belong also the following exotic genera,

according to the characters given for them, but I cannot

locate them more definitely :-—

AnortHostA, Clem. *Srropisra, Clem.

Evacora, Clem. CLISTOTHYRIS, 7.

TRYPANISMA, Clem. TRICHOTAPHE, Clem.

Encurysa, Z. EPIcoRTHYLIS, Z.

Those genera marked (*) occur also in Australia, but of

these Sitotroga has doubtless been introduced ; I suspect

this genus to be not native even in Europe, but im-

ported from America. I have about fifteen additional

Australian genera.

CHIMABACCHIDA.

Antenne ciliated in male (or rarely simple?). Fore

wings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to hind margin,

2 from rather before posterior angle of cell. Hind

wings with 8 veins, 8 and 4 separate at origin, 6 and 7

separate, nearly parallel. Hind wings not or slightly

broader than fore wings, hind margin rounded or slightly

sinuate.

A small European group, not hitherto identified else-

where.

Dasystoma, Curt. Semroscoris, Hb.

CHIMABACCHE, Z. Ex#ReETIA, Sit.

DEPRESSARIIDA.

Antenne simple. Fore wings with 12 veins, 7 and 8

stalked, 7 to costa or apex (rarely to hind margin), 2

from or near angle of cell. Hind wings with 8 veins, 3

and 4 from a point or stalked, 6 and 7 separate, nearly

parallel. Hind wings not broader than fore wings, hind

margin rounded.

TRANS, ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) L

124 Mr. E. Meyrick on the

A moderately extensive family, represented in Kurope

by about 110 species, nearly all belonging to Depressaria,

which genus is little known elsewhere. From Australia

and New Zealand I have only about 12 species, but the

croup appears to be fairly numerous in North and

South America, and is said (probably correctly) to occur

also in India and South Africa. The Kuropean genera

are :—

EKprarapuia, Stph. PHIBALOCERA, Stph.

Depressaria, Hw. Enicostoma, Stph.

The following exotic genera are also referable to this

family :—

Loxotoma, 7. Aariocoma, Z.

Macurmra, Clem. PELEOPODA, Z.

Psrnocorsis, Clem.

Of these Loxotoma alone occurs in Australia, where

are three or four other genera; there is also one in New

Zealand.

CRYPTOLECHIIDA.

Antenne ciliated in male. Fore wings with 12 veins,

7 and 8 stalked, 7 to hind margin (rarely to costa), vein

2 from before posterior fourth of lower margin of cell,

widely remote from 3. Hind wings with 8 veins, 3 and

4 from a point or stalked, 6 and 7 stalked or closely '

approximated at base. Hind wings not broader or

rather broader than fore wings, hind margin sinuate.

Extensively represented in South America, and less

numerously in South Africa and Australia, but prac-

tically absent from the European region, which only

possesses one species. Much confusion exists at present,

owing to Zeller having included in his original genus

Cryptolechia species not only of this family, but also of

the Gicophoride, and perhaps Depressariide, which are

perfectly distinct. From Australia I have about 80

species, but the family is absent from New Zealand,

except one probably not indigenous species. All the

Australian insects described by Zeller under Cryptolechia,

however, belong to the Gicophoride.

The described genera certainly belonging here are—

Crypropuasa, Lu. ANTMOTRICHA, Z.

CRYPTOLECHIA, 7,

classification of the Tineina. 125

All these occur in Australia, to which region Crypto-

phasa is confined, and there are five or six new Australian

genera. South America appears specially rich in this

family and probably contains many additional genera.

diCOPHORIDA.

Antenne ciliated in male. Fore wings with 12 veins

(rarely 11 by coalescence of 7 and 8), 7 and 8 stalked,

7 to hind margin, apex, or costa, 2 from or near angle

of cell. Hind wings with 8 veins, 3 and 4 from a point

(rarely stalked), 6 and 7 separate, nearly parallel. Hind

wings not broader than fore wings (very rarely slightly

broader), hind margin rounded or slightly sinuate.

Rather largely represented in Europe, and extremely

abundant in Australia and New Zealand, where it is the

principal family of the Lepidoptera ; little recorded from

elsewhere, but certainly occurring in India and North

‘and South America. The European species number

about 100; from Australia and New Zealand I have 450,

and the entire number inhabiting that region probably

exceeds 2000.

The following is a classification of the Huropean

genera, including the only described exotic genus cer-

tainly referable :—

A. Vein 7 of fore wings to hind margin or apex.

Ancuinta, Hb. Aptota, Stph.

Cacocuroa, Hein. Prorasis, H-S.

Hyprercauiia, Stph. Toprutis, Hb.

*PrLTopHorA, Meyr. *PiEuRoTa, Hb.

Honoscouia, 7. Hypatima, H-S.

B. Vein 7 of fore wings to costa.

GONIONOTA, Z. Harpena, Schrk.

Psecapia, Hb. *(HCOPHORA, Z.

To the Australian genus Peltophora belongs forficella,

Sc., hitherto erroneously included in Harpella. The

three genera marked (*) are all freely represented in

Australia, whence (including New Zealand) I have

characterised also 67 new genera, now being published

in the Proc. Linn. Soc. of New South Wales. I have

included the South American Gonionota, though im-

perfectly characterised, because it is evidently so nearly

126 Mr. E. Meyrick on the

allied to a New Zealand genus that there can be little

doubt of its position.

Of the unity of this family I have no doubt; the

Australian species traverse the whole range of the genera

given above, and extend considerably beyond them,

whilst still preserving their family characters with an

extraordinary persistency.

DASYCERIDA.

Antenne thickened with dense scales, ciliated in male.

Fore wings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 2

from or near angle of cell. Hind wings with 8 veins,

3 and 4 from a point, 6 and 7 separate or from a point.

Hind wings not broader than fore wings, hind margin

rounded.

A small but peculiar family, not capable of being in-

corporated with any other ; widely distributed, occurring

in Kurope, North America, India, South Africa, and

Australia. Some species have the singular habit of

carrying the posterior legs erect above the back, as in

some genera of Hlachistide, but it is certain that the

similarity of habit does not here indicate affinity. About

fifteen species are known altogether. The described

genera are :—

Dasycera, Hw. ATKINSONIA, Sit.

ERETMOCERA, Z.

Of these Dasycera occurs in Europe and North America,

Eretmocera in South Africa and Australia, and Atkinsonia

in India and Australia.

These six families constitute the group above men-

tioned. In connection with them may also be noticed a

seventh, which, although separated from the main group

by having veins 7 and 8 of the fore wings commonly

separate, is yet in other respects nearly allied to them,

especially to the Gicophoride.

GLYPHIPTERYGIDA

Antenne simple or ciliated in male. Fore wings with

12 veins (rarely 11 by coalescence of 7 and 8), 7 and 8

separate or rarely stalked, 7 to hind margin, 2 from near

angle of cell, 1 simple at base or sometimes furcate.

Hind wings with 8 veins, 3 and 4 from a point, 6 and 7

classification of the Tineina. 127

separate, parallel. Hind wings not broader (rarely some-

what broader) than fore wings, hind margin rounded.

The family is universally distributed, but not very

numerously represented anywhere, being apparently

most plentiful in the Australian region. The following

is a Classification of all the genera :—

HinaroGRaPHa, Z. Srmartuis, Leach.

CHOREGIA, Z. CuoreEvtis, Hb.

Hyprertropua, Meyr. Minurerr, Rag.

Kupseia, Meyr. GLYPHIPTERYX, Z.

Aouocosma, Meyr. ApistomMorPHA, Meyr.

Brentuta, Clem. PuryGanostoua, Meyr.

Of the other genera included under the Gelechiide in

Staudinger’s Catalogue, Carposina, H-S., belongs to the

Conchylide, as I have elsewhere pointed out. Blasto-

basis, Z., is in no way nearly related here, but belongs to

the neighbourhood of the Hyponomeutide. Of Meta-

narsia, Ster., Pterolonche, Z., Atremea, Stgr., Epidola,

Ster., and Alloclita, Stgr., I have not sufficient evidence

to fix the position, but they probably all belong to one

or other of the six families above enumerated. It will

be apparent also that von Heinemann and Wocke were

right in removing from this group Butalis, Tr., Pancalia,

Curt., Endrosis, Hb., and their allies.

The following exotic genera are probably also referable

to these families, but I am not able to determine their

position for want of detail :—

Dysenorima, Z. FaLcuina, Z.

Avuxocrossa, Z. Curysopora, Clem.

MesoptycHa, Z. HELCYSTOGRAMMA, Z.

MrxocGENnEs, Z. CopocERcIA, Z.

Menesta, Clem. Trratopsis, Wals.

Four other genera,—Hermogenes, Z., Meridarchis, Z.,

Dasycarea, Z., and Ecliptoloma, Z.,—have also been

referred to the Gelechiide; but if the incomplete par-

ticulars given of their neuration are correct, they can

_ have no true affinity here.

For the practical application of the family characters

given above, it must be observed that any two families

are not, as a rule, separated by the presence or absence

of a single character. Most commonly they are dis-

tinguished by at least three points, to each of which rare

128 Mr. E. Meyrick on the

exceptions occur, doubtful cases being decided by

majority of characters. When, however, they are dis-

tinguished by a single point (as, for example, the Depres-

sarude and Gicophoride differ by the presence or absence

of ciliations of the antenne of the male), this character

admits of no exception. It will be apparent that this is

in accordance with what might be expected to result from

the natural formation of families; for supposing, by

variation of a particular character and extinction of.

intermediate forms, a new and distinct family type to be

brought into being, there will be no reason whatever why

the new family should not exceptionally, whether by

reversion or independent variation, develop again solitary

instances of the special character of its parent family.

If it does this to any considerable extent the family can

no longer be maintained ; but if it does it in rare in-

stances only, and at the same time continues to diverge

also in other respects, it is probable that by a considera-

tion of all points combined there will be no difficulty in

detecting the true position of any particular genus, and

such real or apparent reversion to any ancestral type

need not be taken to vitiate the genuine distinctness of

the family.

It remains to sketch the probable process of develop-

ment of the group, according to this scheme of classi-

fication. The origin of the whole is to be sought in the

Cicophoride, which represent the simplest type, them-

selves originating in the Butalid group of the Hlachistide

(the classification of which, whether as one or more

families, need not here concern us). In accordance with

this hypothesis, we find the Gcophoride at their maxi-

mum of development in the Australian region, which

from its isolation has always tended to preserve such

primitive forms from the disastrous competition of

superior types; whilst in other regions they have been

in great part (but nowhere entirely) supplanted by later

developments. The Gcophoride were early divided into

two natural groups (above distinguished as A and B), in

the former of which vein 7 of the fore wings terminates

in the hind margin or apex, and in the latter in the

costa. From group B rose the Depressariide, differing

by the loss of the characteristic cilations of the antennae,

and originating from near Psecadia. From the same

group came also the Dasyceride, a small but ancient

development from near Gicophora. The Glyphipterygide

classification of the Tineina. 129

would appear to be also a very ancient group, probably

proceeding from group A of the Gicophoride, and revert-

ing in some points to an older type; on which view

Eupselia and Avolocosma might be regarded as approach-

ing the primitive types of the family, and Glyphipteryx

itself as being one of the most specialised forms. The

Chimabacchide are developed immediately from the

Depressariide, the characteristic change being in the

separation of veins 3 and 4 of the hind wings. It is

this family which gives rise to the whole group of the

Tortricina, producing a generalised type from which the

three families of the Tortricina rise simultaneously in

diverging lines. lLHxcept the Yortricina, no further

developments are known to have originated in any of the

families of this group.

The origin of the two remaining families is not so

clear as that of the others, and additional knowledge

might lead me to modify my present conclusions, but I

am disposed to think that the Cryptolechiideé sprang from

group A of the Gicophoride, preserving the characteristic

ciliations of the antenne, and the hind marginal termi-

nation of vein 7 of the fore wings, but deviating in

the close approximation or coalescence at base of veins

6 and 7 of the hind wings, and the curious remoteness

of vein 2 from the angle of the cell in the fore wings,

the latter character analogous to what is found in two

families of Tortricina. The Gelechiide seem to have

originated from the Depressartvide, diverging from them

gradually in form and neuration of the hind wings, in

which character they display great variability. They

may be regarded as the most highly specialised family

of all, the extreme of development being reached in the

very narrow-winged genera with excessively emarginate

hind wings; and they form, in most parts of the world,

a dominant group.

On this view of the development of the group, the

geographical distribution of the Cryptolechiide becomes

highly interesting and important. The fact that the

European region (comprising as well Northern and

Western Asia and Northern Africa) is absolutely deficient

in this family (for the single species, even if correctly

referred here, for which I cannot vouch, can only be

regarded as an exotic straggler) appears to be conclusive

proof that they must have originated elsewhere ; for it

does not seem conceivable that a whole family, well

130 Mr. E. Meyrick on the

suited to many situations of the region, and found else-

where flourishing in full competition with all Kuropean

families, should have been ever wholly expelled from it

in the struggle for existence. But it is both intelligible

and likely that the same family might be unable to gain

a footing from outside in the European region, stocked

as it is with the most highly improved forms and pro-

tected by natural barriers. As a matter of fact the

Cryptolechiide are found to be very plentiful in South

America, and less plentiful, but still well represented, in

South Africa and Australia. Probably they extend

upwards into India and the Malay Archipelago, and per-

haps also into North America, but they are absent from

New Zealand. Now, assuming (what appears to me

certain) that the family has never existed in Europe, the

only other possible supposition is that there must have

been at some period land-connection between the three

southern continents. In confirmation of their southern

origin, it is to be observed that the particular group,

from which the Cryptolechude appear to have been

developed, is still and must always have been the promi-

nent group in Australia. Iam certainly of opinion that

this case, relating to the whole of an extensive family,

can be explained on no other hypothesis. It should be

borne in mind that Wallace’s well-known conclusions on

this subject, drawn practically from the distribution of

mammals and birds only, must (as I am reminded by

Prof. Hutton) bear only on Tertiary and late Secondary

times, and be therefore wholly inadequate to explain the

distribution of so ancient a group as that of insects.

Of the other families, I believe the Glyphipterygide and

Dasyceride to be very possibly of southern origin, but

very early developed, and once co-extensive with the

parent family Gicophoride ; and the Gelechiide, Depres-

sarude, and Chimabacchide to have been certainly de-

veloped in Kurope, and thence spread over their present

range.

When we consider the ancient origin, the small size,

the fragility and defencelessness, the very limited specific

range, and the scanty locomotive powers of the Micro-

Lepidoptera, as wellas their inaptitude for dissemination

by extrinsic means, it appears to me that the study of

their geographical distribution will be of unsurpassed

value in determining the past history of the world. But

before attempting this it is absolutely necessary that

classification of the Tineina. 131

their classification should be firmly established on solid

principles. It is impossible to condemn too strongly the

worthless character of the work done by those who

create new genera at random, locate species by their

superficial appearance, making a mere pretence of

structural diagnosis, and frequently refer specimens of

the same species to different genera, and even to different

families, on account of slight differences in colour and

shape of wing. It can hardly be expected that scientific

investigators of the present day will acquiesce in the

methods and results of writers who still continue to

classify on the lines of Francis Walker. I am disposed

to think that since, at the present time, a specific de-

scription is not only worthless, but also practically

unidentifiable, unless accompanied by a full statement

of the true generic characters, it may and should be

as justly disregarded as though it were non-existent.

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VI. Notes on three Paussi. By Louis Périncury.

[Read February 7th, 1883. ]

Paussus lineatus, Thunberg.

I First discovered Paussus lineatus amongst a small kind

of black ant very numerous on the slopes of Table

Mountain. These ants have their nests under stones ;

they excavate no galleries, and select those stones which

are situated at the foot of a small bush. There seems

to be but one class of workers; the females are 0°1 in.

in length, the winged males 0°05 in.

I mostly found one P. lineatus, sometimes two, only

once three, in the same nest. In nearly every instance

it was clinging to the under side of the stone, elytra

downwards. I first captured five specimens, and with

them I collected a number of ants and their larve. I

deposited them in a glass cage, where I could have a

good view of them; but whether the beetles and the

ants had been too much shaken in the receptacle I first

put them in I cannot say, but three of the Paussi died

two days after, and the two that were left no longer

crepitated when handled, as they were wont to do when

I first captured them. I then procured a new batch of

ants from several nests, being under the impression that

the Pausside, like the Clavigeride, were fed by ants,

and I conjectured that the three that died had not been

properly attended to by the ants I had enclosed with

them in the glass cage. But the increase in the number

of ants did not seem to affect them; they were still

very torpid. Onthe discovery of sixteen more P. lineatus,

I added these to my colony, having previously affixed a

small bit of putty to the elytra of the first comers. The

following day these two ancient individuals seemed to

have recovered their energy; they both proved to be

males. Altogether I enclosed twenty-one specimens in

the cage, and, with the exception of the first three, all

thrived well; I have twelve of them, apparently females,

still alive, after sixty days of captivity.

My object was to find out if the Paussi were kept in

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART II. (JUNE.)

134 Louis Péringuey’s notes on

captivity by the ants for any purpose, and I do not

think now that such is the case, as the following will, I

hope, show.

I kept my glass cage in a rather dark room; but if I

placed it in the sun the Paussi, which had previously

been sluggish in the extreme, suddenly became very

lively, perambulating the cage in the most excited man-

ner, moving their antenne very rapidly in a vertical

line, folding and unfolding their wings, trying a clumsy

flight, setting to clean themselves with their legs, and

invariably seeking shelter under some bean-pods that I

had put in the cage for the female ants to deposit their

eggs under. Then the disc of the elytra and the antenne

would assume a most glossy appearance. Yet, whenever

I placed the cage in the sun, the worker ants would set

to work at once to free the larve. If at any time the

unwieldly and (to the ants) bulky Paussus approached

one of them, the ant, leaving off its work, would im-

mediately seize hold of it and try to pull it in

another direction ; the Paussus would then stop, bring

its antenne forward, and stretch out its legs so as to

find a better *‘ point d’appui.” Some of the other workers

would come to the help of their fellow, and tug vigorously

at the antenne, always rigidly pointed forward, until the

Paussus, feeling it could not keep its ground, would

start away ata rapid pace. Then the workers would

resume their work. But it often happened that the

Paussus, in spite of the ants, made straight for the place

where the larve and eggs were sheltered, and, finding in

the pods a support that the glass surface could not

afford it, it would settle in the middle of the colony

in spite of the efforts of the workers; these, after a vain

effort to dislodge the intruder, carried the larve away ;

the Paussus would then remain motionless for days in

the same spot.

I thought at first that the Paussi were feeding on the

newly-born ants, bnt closer and repeated observations

enabled me to conclude that the workers tried to drag

them away only for fear they should injure the delicate

and almost transparent newly-freed individuals. I often

saw the ants carry the young in their mandibles from

the direction taken by a fast-walking Paussus. I put

together six newly-born ants and two Paussi, and, though

the jelly-like creatures did not assume a black colour

and become perfectly developed until from fifteen to

three Paussi. 135

thirty minutes had elapsed, the Paussi did not avail

themselves of their helpless state to devour or injure

them. I have several times repeated this experiment.

I have never seen the Paussus crepitate when attacked

and forced to run away by the workers, but if touched at

the same time with a straw or with the hand, it would

give out a series of very audible explosions; its antennae,

prothorax, and elytra suddenly became covered with a

yellowish substance, turning almost immediately into a

yellow powder, and which is so adhesive that if the

Paussus at that time was thrown on his back, it adhered

for a short time to the glass. It would then right

himself by the aid of one of its antenne acting as a

lever. These explosions leave on the fingers a stain

very much like that produced by an application of lunar

caustic, that will last several days in spite of repeated

washings.

The beetle was always in a torpid state when I dis-

covered it, and as soon as touched walked at a slow pace,

crepitating all the while, and trusting apparently to its

artillery for protection. I think that it is of crepuscular

habits rather than nocturnal ; for, if | examined my box

at night, I always found it in its torpid state, but a short

time after the appearance of the light it began to move

about. However, the first P. lineatus I possessed was

caught in the middle of a very hot day by a boy, who,

feeling on his neck something that he said ‘‘ stung him,”

seized the insect. It did not occur to me at the time to

examine the spot, but I have no doubt that it was the

discharge of the insect that caused the smarting pain

the lad complained of.

The copulating process is rather singular. The male

fixes his mandibles in the prothoracic excavation of the

female, and, with his hind legs, brings the anal segment

of the female towards him, apparently with creat diffi-

culty and labour; in order to strengthen himself, he

has his antenne passed under hers. I have seen males

carried on the backs of females for twenty-four hours

without relinquishing their hold, but as soon as placed

in the sun they soon accomplished their functions and

got separated from the females in a time varying between

fifty-six and fifty-eight seconds. After brushing himself

with his fore and hind legs the male would go in search

of another female. One of my spotted males has thus

fecundated no less than five females in four days.

136 Louis Péringuey’s notes on

I never saw the ants attending to the Paussi or seem-

ing to draw any nourishment from them. Still, the

Paussi seem to affect those spots where the eggs and

larve are deposited, perhaps because they are the most

sheltered places. I fed the ants with sugar and sweet

biscuits. I have kept them for two months, and I still

have eleven P. lineatus alive, although the males are

apparently all dead. I never saw the females depositing

their eggs, but I think they may have done so in a

biscuit excavated by the ants.

That the P. lineatus is not fed by the ants, among

which I always found it, seems to me to be proved by a

close observation of two months’ duration ; still the fact

remains that I have not seen it in the act of taking food.

On one occasion I saw four on a piece of sweetened

orange I had put as food for the ants. Now this Paussus,

when in motion, always carries its palpi hanging at

right angles, and one of those four,—the only one of

whom I could get a full view,—had its palpi hanging in

the usual manner, but I could not detect any sign of its

jaws being in motion. I should think that Burmeister

was right in calling them carnivorous insects, because

with the second lot of P. lineatus I placed five specimens

of the minute P. Linnei, Westw., and the day after there

was but one of them left ; that one was shorn of one of

its antenne, and died soon after I had removed it.

The box being so well closed that the insects had no

opportunity whatever of escape, I concluded that they

had been devoured by the P. lineatus. On a second

experiment, of two days’ duration, three P. Linnet came

out unscathed, except one, who lost its fore leg.

I afterwards separated five P. lineatus from the ants,

and left them without food for eight days, but I could not

detect any sign of their having suffered by their fast ;

they were, when exposed to the sun, as lively as those I

had left with the ants.

These observations make me think that this Paussus

is merely tolerated by the ants amongst which it is found,

or perhaps kept as a pet, especially if one takes into

consideration that in one case only have I found three

specimens in the same nest, seldom two, and generally

one only.

This species seems to have a wide range, as the Cape

Town Museum has in its possession two specimens cap-

tured in the Transvaal.

three Paussi. 137

Paussus Linnei, Westwood.

The habitat of this minute and very rare Paussus was

until now only a surmise. Lacordaire thought it might

come from India, and Gemminger and Harold gave its

habitat as ‘‘incertz sedis.”” The fact that it is so small,

and that I never but once found two together, seems to

account for its rarity in collections, the only one known

being, I think, that which Prof. Westwood described.

I found it in the nest of an ant very common on the

slopes of Table Mountain, building galleries, though not

at a great depth, under stones often adjoining the nests

of the kind in which I found P. lineatus. These ants

have two sorts of workers: a worker major, more than

twice the size of P. Linnei, with a very large head, and

a very minute worker minor.

This species is very much more active than P. lineatus,

going at a very fair pace if we consider the characteristic

sluggishness of those insects. Like P. lineatus, it exudes

the same pus-like matter, and crepitates with great

vivacity without slackening its speed.

When I uncovered the nests, the major workers,

sallying out in quest of the enemy, would sometimes

seize hold of the Paussus, but they relinquished their

hold immediately, and went in search of the other sup-

posed intruder.

I did with this insect what I had done with its con-

gener, and brought home a colony of the ants, which I

placed in a large glass jar with seven P. Linnei.

Whether the major workers became infuriated by their

captivity, I do not know, but whenever a Paussus passed

close to the larve carefully heaped in a corner by the

minor workers and apparently jealously watched by the

major, it would be immediately set upon by one or two

of the latter, the onslaught resulting in the loss to the

_ Paussus of a leg, an antenna, and even once a head. In

two days my specimens were mutilated or killed in that

way. One male in copuld was pounced upon and had

his antenne, as well as those of the female, snapped off

without relinquishing his hold of her. Four other speci-

mens that I put in the jar shared the same fate ; the only

unmutilated specimen remaining being one that had

judiciously climbed a twig I had put in the bottle.

I had not the same chance of observing this species as

I had with P. lineatus, yet they seemed at first to exhibit

138 Louis Péringuey’s notes on three Paussi.

the same habits, becoming very lively when exposed to

the sun, but not attempting flight. As the ant-larve did

not hatch before the Paussi were mutilated, I could not

observe how the minor workers behaved towards them.

They were never attacked by the major workers except

when they came near the larve, and never used their

crepitating power when thus attacked.

I have not since been able to get more specimens.

Paussus Burmeisteri, Westwood.

This Paussus is much more sluggish than P. lineatus.

It crepitates when seized, exuding the same liquid, and

then shams death, stiffening its antenne to such an

extent as to enable one having hold of them to move

it in all directions. I never found two together, and,

although I discovered it twice in the nests of the same

ant as P. Linnei, I generally found it under stones,

where there was no ant’s nest within a radius of several

yards.

I once captured one that was being dragged by one

major andthree minor workers towards a very small colony

of ants; it was simply opposing its force of inertness to

the efforts of its would be captors, lying on its back,

with its antenne stiffened ; but as soon as I had touched

it with a straw it discharged its artillery, stunning,

apparently to death, the minor workers, and doubling up.

the major, who kept on staggering for a very long time.

Like the two above-mentioned species, when exposed

to the sun, it gets lively enough, though in a lesser degree,

but I never saw one expanding its wings or trying to fly.

All my specimens died soon after their capture, and:I

never saw any in copuld.

I have not been able to detect any sign of phos-

phorescence in the antenne of any of my Paussi, al-

though frequently examined in the dark. |

P.S.— Since the above notes were written all my

Paussus lineatus have died, also the ants.—L. P.

+t!) +)

VII. Further additions to Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of

British Ichneumonide. By Joun B. Brivemay,

PLS.

[Read March 7th, 1883. ]

Ir is not without much hesitation that I have ventured

to publish this paper, containing as it does the descrip-

tion of several insects which appear to me to be new: it

is almost impossible, living in the country and being

unable to spare time sufficient to stay in London long

enough to hunt up all stray notes, to make oneself

acquainted with all the descriptions that are written, to

be certain that some of these insects may not have been

previously named. I have described several species of

the genus Hemiteles, Gr., which do not appear to be

described in Gravenhorst, Ratzeburg, or Taschenberg ;

also some species of Ratzeburg’s genus Hemimachus,

which he split off from Hemiteles, and which appears to

contain only some males of Pezomachus, and which genus

has no right to a separate existence. I have also de-

scribed two very distinct females of Pezomachus, and

the male of P. vagans, which I bred, with the female,

froma spider’s nest. Mr. Bignell has also been fortunate

enough to breed both sexes of P. instabilis, var., and

P. analis, var.

I have again to thank the same gentlemen as last

year, to whom I am indebted for much of the subject-

matter of this paper; also to the Rey. T. A. Marshall.

ICHNEUMONIDA.

ICHNEUMONIDES OXYPYGI.

Ichneumon consimilis, Wesm.

Wesm., Tentamen, 22,2, 2; Ichn. Otia, 8, 8, 3,2;

Rem. Crit., 13.

I have taken both sexes of this Ichneumon in Norfolk.

The female I have had for some years; the male I took

last year at Cromer, in June. I have both the varieties

of the male described by Wesmael, as well as another

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1888.—pPaRT I. (JUNE.) M

140 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’ s

which has the extreme apex of the scutellum white.

The female has not the tuft of pubescence on the under

side of the hind coxe.

ICHNEUMONIDES PNEUSTICI.

Herpestomus nasutus, Wesm.

Wesm., Tent., 170, 3, 9; Mant., 77, 2.

I took this species in the neighbourhood of Norwich in

the autumn of 1881.

Herpestomus intermedius, Wesm.

Wesm., Tent., 171, 9; Mant., 77, 2.

Captured by Mr. Bignell in the neighbourhoods of

Plymouth and Exeter.

Herpestomus furunculus, Wesm. ?

Wesm., Tent., 171, 2.

I have taken an Herpestomus which comes very near

this, but differs from Wesmael’s description in the legs

being decidedly thinner, and not stouter than H. inter-

medius, as he says. ‘These three species are much alike.

Wesmael says (Mant., 1848, 77) that probably inter-

medius is a variety of nasutus; if the insects which I

believe to be these species are correctly named, they

certainly are distinct ; the puncturing of the whole body

is very different.

Pheogenes homochlorus, Wesm.

Wesm., Tent., 184, 9.

A female of this very distinct species was taken by

Mr. T. R. Billups at Chobham last year.

Aithecerus dispar, Wesm.

Wesm., Tent., 208, 3, 2; Mant., 90, 7, 2.

Mr. Bignell took a female of this species at Egloskerry,

near Launceston, on July 28rd last.

Catalogue of British Ichneumonde. 141

Aithecerus discolor, Wesm. -

Wesm., Tent., 204, ¢, 2; Mant., 91.

I took a female of this Avthecerus several years ago,

but, from its being fastened on a card, I did not recognise

it till I reset it last year. Norwich, September, 1877.

CRYPTIDA.

Phygadeuon Marshalli, nu. s.

Phygadeuon procerus, Gr., I. E., 1. 724, var. 2, 3.

Segmentis 2—4 fusco- aut nigro-maculatis ; femoribus

tibiisque rufis, posticis apice nigris.

Head not buccated behind the eyes ; mesothorax tri-

lobed ; metathorax with two irregular transverse curved

lines, supero-medial area not closed at the sides; head

and thorax opaque, finely and closely punctured. Abdo-

men cylindrical ; 1st segment but little wider at the apex

than at the base; spiracles placed a little behind the

centre, slightly projecting, puncto-aciculate ; 2nd seg-

ment about twice as long as wide, remaining ones trans-

verse, distinctly punctated, the 2nd the most strongly so.

Areolet of wings pentagonal, nervelet, sometimes a trace,

sometimes absent altogether ; transverse anal nervure

divided below the middle; legs slender.

Black; legs red, coxe black; middle trochanters

brown-stained; basal joint of hind trochanters black,

as well as the apex of hind tibie and tarsi; 2nd and 8rd

segments of the abdomen red, with a dark transverse

fuscous band before the apex, the band on the 2nd

broader and transversely subdivided ; 4th, 5th, and 6th

segments with a narrow red margin at the apex ; stigma

and nervures nigro-fuscous. Male. Length, 6 mm.

There are two specimens of a male Phygadeuon in a

collection which once belonged to the Rev. T. A.

Marshall, labelled ‘“‘ P. procerus, Gr., var. 2, n. sp.”

They agree very well with Gravenhorst’s description of

this variety. Taschenberg says, in his revision of the

Gravenhorstian species, that var. 2 is wanting ; it differs

from Taschenberg’s description of the genuine procerus

in having the aree of the metathorax incomplete, the

other having complete arez, and the abdomen is diffe-

rently coloured ; whilst, according to Gravenhorst, the

post-petiole is wider than in P. Marshalli.

Taken at Bugbrooke, near Northampton.

142 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's

As I believe Mr. Marshall had not described this

insect, I have taken that liberty, and have named it

after him.

Hemiteles obscurus, n. 8.

Niger, pedibus piceis.

Head shining, transverse ; face rather protuberant in

the middle ; clypeus distinctly separated from the face ;

mandibles rather broad, teeth subequal, the space be-

tween the eyes and the mandibles about equal to the

width of the clypeus; a deep semicircular impressed line

above the antenne ; these latter short, flagellate, about

two-thirds the length of the insect; flagellum in one

specimen 15 joints, in the other 14; 1st joint more

slender than the rest, about three times as long as wide ;

the remainder gradually decreasing in length to the last

one, which is conic and about two and a half times as

long as the width of the base, the four or five joints

before almost of the same length, quadrate. Thorax

about one-quarter longer than high, closely and distinctly

punctate, opaque, trilobed, divisions deep and rather

wide; scutellum rather long, keeled at the base; meta-

thorax shining, with a few scattered rugosities ; supero-

and postero-medial united, somewhat of a broad coffin-

shape, with the long end upwards ; lateral arez divided ;

lines sharply defined, terminating laterally in a short,

sharp spine; Ist segment of abdomen and basal two-

thirds of the 2nd somewhat transversely rugose; the

remainder shining. Abdomen subovate; 1st segment

stout, about two and a half times as long as the width of

the apex ; this twice as wide as the base ; spiracles about

in the middle; gradually sloping from the base to these,

and then the sides not quite parallel; all the remaining

seoments transverse, the 38rd the widest. Legs slender.

Stigma of median size and shape; areolet pentagonal,

with outer nervure entirely wanting; the recurrent

discoidal nervure absent, as also is the lower half of the

transverse discoidal ; the transverse ordinary not inter-

stitial ; the lower nervures of the hind wing very faint,

transverse anal not divided.

Black ; front legs ochraceo-piceous; cox and tro-

chanters black, apex of latter pale; middle and hind

legs, coxee black; trochanters, base dark, apex pale;

femora piceous, paler behind ; tibiew piceous, paler at the

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 143

base ; all the tarsi piceous ; stigma and nervures piceous,

base of wings pale. Male. Length, 3 mm.

This insect is, in the shape of the abdomen, somewhat

like fulvipes, but the legs are more slender, the neuration

also is very different, and the 1st segment is not so

broad, &e.

I bred two specimens, unfortunately both males, from

the egg-bags of a spider which I found in a rolled-up

nettle-leaf, protected by the spider herself; one was

developed from each bag. Norwich.

Hemiteles submarginatus, n. 8.

Pedibus fulvis, coxis anterioribus albis, posticis nigris ;

tibiis posticis apice fuscis; marginibus segmentorum in-

termediatorum rufescentibus ; mas, antennarum subtus

basi albis.

Head transverse, slightly narrowed behind the eyes;

face between the eyes parallel; space between the eyes

and the mandibles about equal to the width of the base

of the mandibles ; clypeus separated from the face, but

not by a sharp line; the teeth of mandibles subequal,

the upper one a little the longer ; head somewhat shining,

very finely and closely punctured, a shining depression

over each antenna; this latter in the female subfusi-

form, as in H. fulvipes ; 1st joint of the flagellum about

three times as long as wide, the 2nd and 8rd of the same

length, filiform in the male, a little shorter than the

abdomen ; face pubescent. Thorax subopaque, finely

reticulate, trilobed in front ; lines reaching to about the

middle of the mesonotum; metathorax rather short,

with two transverse curved lines, with fine longitudinal

aciculations ; lateral lines occasionally present, whereby

a supero-medial area is formed, which, when present, is

rounded in front and wider than behind ; the posterior

face divided into three aree. Abdomen of female elon-

gate-ovate, male elongate; 1st segment of abdomen

about twice as wide at the apex as at the base, and about

three times as long as the width of the apex, rather

wider in the female than in the male; spiracles placed

behind the middle, but not prominent ; petiole with two

obsolete ridges, the whole segment aciculate ; 2nd seg-

ment finely rugose at the base; this and remaining

segments of female transverse; 2nd of male rather

144 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's

longer than wide, the 3rd subquadrate, remainder trans-

verse; styles of male not projecting; aculeus of female

about one-third the length of the abdomen. Legs

slender. Areolet pentagonal; exterior nervure absent ;

transverse anal obsoletely divided below the middle.

Black ; mouth, mandibles, except the red teeth, scape

beneath more or less, front coxe almost entirely, apex

of middle ones, front and middle and part of hind tro-

chanters, pale yellow. Legs straw-coloured ; middle and

hinder ones more or less infuscated; hind coxe black; in-

cision of 2nd and 8rd segments of the male more or less

stramineous; apical margin of segments of female

obsoletely pale; base of wings yellow; nervures and

stigma yellowish white, the former rather the darker.

Length about 3 mm.

This species I have bred from Microgaster cocoons

taken in the neighbourhood of Norwich. I have also

seen a specimen bred by Mr. G. C. Bigneil, which appears

to me to differ only in having the spiracles of the 1st

segment more prominent ; it may be another species or

only a local variety.

This insect at first sight looks very like small speci-

mens of H. fulvipes, both in shape and colour, but

differs from it in haying the 1st abdominal segment

much narrower; the intermediate segments are gene-

rally slightly pale at the apex; the first three joints of

the flagellum of the female are longer than in /fulvipes ;

and the styles of the male do not project, in fulvipes

they are of considerable length.

Hemiteles marginatus, n. s.

Niger, segmentis intermediis abdominis margine pal-

lido ; segmentis 1 et 2 aciculatis, pedibus maximis ex

parte pallidis.

Head subbuccated, behind the eyes scarcely narrowed,

shining, finely punctate; antenne about as long as the

insect, filiform, in the female the apical half slightly

swollen; female, Ist and 2nd joints of the flagellum

about four times as long as wide, the 8rd a little shorter ;

male, three first joints subequal, about three times as

long as wide. Mesothorax opaque, finely and densely

punctate; scutellum and metathorax shining, the former

with a few scattered punctures ; the latter in the female

Cataloque of British Ichneumonide. 145

with the two transverse lines distinct, between them fine

longitudinal ruge; in the male there are scarcely any

ruge, but the lateral lines are perceptible, forming a

supero-medial area, longer than broad, wider in front

than behind, rounded in front; back part with the two

central longitudinal lines; thorax a little longer than

high ; metathorax of ordinary length, back part nearly

upright. Legs slender. Wings, the outer nervure of

areolet wanting, or so thin as to be hardly visible, the

exterior inferior angle of the discoidal cell quite beyond

the corresponding angle of the areolet, no trace of nerve-

let, transverse ordinary interstitial, transverse anal

nervure of hind wings, before the fork, divided one-third

from the bottom; emitting nervure indistinct. Abdo-

men, Ist segment without projecting spiracles, faint in-

dications of them in the female, gradually widening from

base to apex, finely aciculate in the female, aciculations

hardly visible in the male, but in the centre of the post-

petiole a distinct oval pit; 2nd segment aciculate, the

aciculations caused by punctures running into one

another, quadrate in the male, about one-fourth wider

than long in the female; the remaining segments of

both sexes transverse, the 8rd segment of the female the

widest ; abdomen of male cylindrical from the 2nd seg-

ment ; 3rd distinctly punctate, apical margins of 1 to 3

and remaining segments entirely polished, but with fine

hairs, and their pits, these not dense, aslight transverse

depression before the apex of the 2nd and 8rd segments ;

aculeus one-third the length of the abdomen.

@. Scape of antenne beneath, and a distinct fine

line on apical margin of all the abdominal segments,

except the 1st, pale straw-colour; legs pale fulvous ;

front and middle coxe, and all the trochanters, yellow ;

front and middle tarsi dark at the apex; intermediate

knees and apex of tibie brownish; hind legs, coxe

black, femora slightly browned above, extreme knees,

apex of hind tibie and tarsi black-brown ; tegule, stigma,

and base of wings pale yellow, nervures brown. Male

only differs from the female in having the yellow bands

of the abdomen less distinct, and the abdomen more

pubescent. Length, 4—5 mm.

Taken by Mr. P, Cameron,

146 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's

Hemiteles politus, n. s.

Abdomine medio, basi antennarum, pedibusque rufis ;

apice femorum et tibiarum posticorum nigris; basi

stigmate alba; aculeus dimidii abdominis longiore.

This Hemiteles is at first sight like oryphimus, but the

wings have not the fuscous band, the legs are more

slender, the 1st segment of the abdomen is much nar-

rower and polished, not aciculate, and the aculeus

longer.

Shining, covered with very scattered, erect, stiff hairs,

more dense on the centre of the mesothorax, which is

slightly wrinkled. Head transverse, sloping behind

towards the neck, sides rounded ; the width behind the

eyes rather less than the breadth of the eyes; face

transverse, inner orbits parallel, very slightly immargi-

nate against the antenne; face rather protuberant in

the centre; clypeus distinctly separated from the face,

prominent and widely rotundate at the apex. Antenne

reaching to the middle of the 3rd abdominal segment,

filiform ; 1st joint of scape about as long as wide ; first

three joints of flagellum subequal in length, about four

times as long as wide, the 4th one-third shorter, the

remainder gradually tapering, the penultimate joint

slightly longer than wide ; flagellum 18 to 19 joints (in

the three specimens two had 18 and one 19 joints).

Thorax rather short, about one-fourth longer than high ;

mesothorax faintly trilobed in front; metathorax with

distinct superior ares; supero-medial area longer than

wide; hexagonal wider behind than in front; lateral

spines prominent; intermediate lines on posterior face

more or less distinct ; 1st segment of abdomen gradually

tapering from base to apex; spiracles distinctly project-

ing, about three times as wide at the apex as at the base,

subcanaliculated, sometimes obsoletely rugose, rather

more than twice as long as the width of the apex;

remaining segments transverse, the 3rd the widest, this

wider than the thorax ; abdomen about as long as the

head and thorax ; aculeus about two-thirds the length of

the abdomen and straight. Legs slender. Areolet of

wings pentagonal, outer nervure wanting, exterior in-

ferior angle of discoidal cell just beyond the same angle

of the areolet, transverse ordinary nervure almost inter-

stitial, transverse discoidal divided one-third from the

bottom ; transverse anal slightly post-furchal, divided

one-third from the bottom ; emitting nervure distinct.

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 147

Black ; three first joints of flagellum entirely, and to

the middle beneath more or less red; 2nd segment of

abdomen, base of 8rd, and legs, red; base of coxe

sometimes more or less fuscous; apex of hind femora

and tibiz blackish brown; extreme base of hind tibie

brown. Wings with a slight fuscous tinge; stigma and

nervure brown; base of wings and stigma white.

Length 3°75—4 mm.

Three females taken in the neighbourhood of Exeter by

Mr. G. C. Bignell on September 23rd, 1882. In Rev. T.

A. Marshall’s collection are specimens from Sandwich,

Milford Haven, and Braemar.

Since the above was written I have seen another speci-

men taken by the Rev. W. W. Fowler; it differs from

Mr. Bignell’s specimens in having the abdomen not so

broad, but in no other respect. Dr. Capron has also

taken this variety in the neighbourhood of Shere. This

species appears to be generally distributed, and is pro-

bably not uncommon.

Flemiteles subannulatus, n. s.

Abdominis medio et pedibus rufis, antennarum annulo

albo, fascia alarum fusca.

Opaque, closely and finely punctate; head, seen in

front, subtriangular, narrow behind the eyes; clypeus

indistinctly separated from the face; a slight protuber-

ance below the antenne, canaliculate above; Ist and

2nd joint of flagellum of equal length, about three times

as long as wide. Mesothorax trilobed ; groove before the

scutellum finely aciculate; metathorax long; supero-

medial area hexagonal, a little wider behind than in

front, about twice as long as wide; coste fine but

distinct, the posterior transverse one and those on the

posterior part of the metathorax very prominent; postero-

medial area well defined, and, seen sideways, the pos-

terior lateral costa appears in the form of a distinct

spine ; Ist abdominal segment almost gradually tapering

from base to apex, slightly more than twice as long as

wide, the apex nearly three times as wide as the base,

apical margin distinctly trilobed; spiracles obsolete ;

post-petiole marked with an oval depression ; abdomen

elongate, ovate; 2nd and 8rd segments of equal length ;

the 8rd the widest, and about twice as wide as long,

this rather wider than the thorax ; aculeus about as long

148 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's

as the ist segment, or one-third the length of the

abdomen. Legs slender. Areolet pentagonal, wider

than long, recurrent nervure received before the middle,

the posterior inferior angle of the discoidal cell opposite

the corresponding angle of the areolet, transverse anal

nervure subopposite, distinctly divided just below the

middle, nervure distinct.

Black; legs, apex of 1st, 2nd to 4th segments of

abdomen, pale chestnut-red; the 3rd and 4th fuscous at

the sides; apex of abdomen pale; 4th to 7th joints of

flagellum more or less marked with white above, nearly

ringed in the middle; 1st and 2nd joints rufo-fuscous at °

the base ; base of wings yellowish ; stigma brown, apex

white; nervures fuscous; a diffused fuscous cloud run-

ning across the wing, beginning about opposite the

middle of the stigma. Length, 5 mm.

Taken by Dr. Capron in the neighbourhood of Shere.

Hemiteles nixtus, n. 8.

Basi antennarum, pedibus, abdominisque medio, rufis ;

aculeo dimidio abdomine longiore.

Head and thorax smooth and shining, with scattered

white pubescence ; head somewhat buccated behind the

eyes; apex of clypeus rounded, separated from the face.

Antenne short and stout, as in Phygadeuon, rather

more than half the length of the insect; 1st joint of

flagellum about three times as long as wide, the 2nd a

little longer than wide ; thorax a little longer than high ;

mesothorax faintly trilobed in front; upper part of

metathorax shorter than the back part; are distinct ;

supero-medial area an irregular transverse hexagon, the

posterior transverse line terminating laterally in a dis-

tinct spine ; posterior part of metathorax with a defined

postero-medial area. Abdomen smooth and shining ;

1st segment elongate ; sides of petiole parallel ; spiracles

slightly projecting from this point to apex of segment,

cradually widening to about twice the width of the

petiole; the segment is a little longer than the hind

coxe and trochanters; abdomen ovate, the base of the

8rd segment the widest, the 2nd and remaining segments

transverse ; the apical half of the abdomen with long

erect hairs, very much scattered ; aculeus two-thirds the

length of the abdomen; legs slender. Wings, outer

nervure of areolet incomplete, the exterior inferior angle

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 149

of discoidal cell opposite the middle of the areolet, the

nervure straight, transverse anal divided just below the

middle.

Black; mouth, mandibles, antenne to just beyond the

middle, legs, the 2nd and 3rd segments of abdomen, red ;

the latter brown in the middle; stigma and nervures

brown ; base of wing pale. ¢?. Length, 3°5 mm.

Var. 1. 3rd segment of abdomen red only at the base ;

hind femora brownish to the middle ; apical joint of all

the tarsi and apex of joints of hind tarsi brown.

This insect has the antennz of Phygadeuon, but the

legs and wings of Hemiteles. I have taken one specimen

at Brundall; Dr. Capron has taken one at Shere; and

another, the var. 1, was taken at Tunbridge Wells early

in September, 1881, by Jonkheer J. W. May.

Hemiteles ruficaudatus, n. s.

Pedibus abdominisque apice rufis.

Head, thorax, and abdomen smooth and shining, with

very fine rather dense pubescence; head above trans-

verse, scarcely slanting behind the eyes; antenne two-

thirds the length of the insect; 1st joint of flagellum

about four times as long as wide, remainder gradually

decreasing in length ; apical joints quadrate. Thorax a

little longer than high; mesothorax trilobed in front,

lines distinctly impressed ; metathorax short, the upper

part shorter than the back part; arez distinct, supero-

medial transverse, postero-medial area defined; this

again divided by a central longitudinal line ; the thorax

scarcely wider than the head. Abdomen fusiform ; 1st

segment elongate, with scarcely projecting spiracles,

gradually tapering from base to apex, which is about

twice the width of the base, more than three times as

long as the width of the apex; post-petiole with a

central groove, this sometimes extending on to the

petiole ; 2nd segment nearly as long as the width of the

apex, which is the widest part; remainder transverse ;

aculeus one-fourth the length of the abdomen. Legs

slender. Wings, exterior nervure of areolet wanting, or

almost so; transverse anal divided one-third from the

bottom.

Black ; 1st joint of flagellum and greater part of the

2nd red. Legs red; apex of hind tibie and tarsi brown,

sometimes hind knees browned. Abdomen red; 1st

150 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's

segment and a bifurcate blotch at the apex of 2nd black ;

apex of abdomen slightly piceous ; nervures and stigma

dark brown; base of wings and tegule pale. Length,

4—5°5 mm.

Dr. Capron has taken several females of this insect in

the neighbourhood of Shere, and to him I am indebted

for specimens.

Hemiteles vicinus, Gr.

Gravenhorst described the female only. Pastor M.

Kawall bred the male, which he recorded in Stett. Ent. -

Zeit., xvi., 230, but does not describe it, contenting

himself with saying that it is much like H. melanarius,

Ge.

The male in structure is very like the female, but the

abdomen is not quite so wide, and is quite black. Legs

black ; front femora red, base black ; intermediate one

black, apex red; hind one entirely black; tibie red ;

apical third of hind one black; apical margin of seg-

ments smooth and shining. Taschenberg says the pos-

terior face of the metathorax is without the intermediate

lines.

Mr. Bignell bred two males and sixteen females (and

from which this description is taken) on July 8th, 1882,

from a pupa of Argynnis Paphia from the New Forest ;

these have the lines more or less distinct.

Hemiteles incisus, n. 8.

Abdominis medio, pedibusque rufis, alis fasciis fuscis.

Head somewhat shining, with very fine, somewhat

scattered, punctures. Antenne rather more than half

the length of the insect, reaching to the apex of the 2nd

segment, filiform; two first joints of the flagellum sub-

equal in length, about four times as long as wide, the

remainder gradually diminishing in length, the space

between the eyes slightly narrower above than below ;

head transverse. Thorax as wide as the head, a little

longer than high; mesothorax rather wider than long,

trilobed, divisions not deep, extending to the centre,

lateral lobes distinctly punctured ; punctures not very

close; front half of middle lobe scabriculous, posterior

half aciculate, interstices smooth and shiniug ; scutellum

smooth and shining, with a few scattered punctures ;

Catalogue of British Ichnewnonide. 151

metathorax shining, rather coarsely rugose, the two

transverse lines very distinct and prominent, the lateral

lines not so distinct, being confounded with longitudinal

rugosities between the transverse lines; middle area an

irregular hexagon twice as wide in front as behind, the

boundaries of the upper lateral areze twice as long as

those of the lower lateral aree ; back part of metathorax

without central lines, so that a postero-medial area is

not defined, the lateral aree terminating laterally in a

subacute process. Abdomen rather longer than head

and thorax; 1st segment of abdomen distinctly acicu-

late; basal half of the 2nd finely aciculate ; remainder

smooth and shining, with stiff scattered pubescence ; Ist

segment gradually sloping from base to apex; sides of

post-petiole slightly rounding, about twice as long as the

width of the apex, this about four times as wide as the

base ; remaining segments transverse ; apex of 2nd the

widest; from here gradually sloping to the apex; in-

cisions between the segments very distinct; aculeus

rather more than one-fourth the length of the abdomen.

Legs moderate. Areolet of wings pentagonal; outer

nervure wanting; exterior inferior angle of discoidal

cell beyond the corresponding angle of areolet; trans-

verse anal divided below the centre; nervures of front

wing and stigma dark brown, the latter white at the

apex ; base of wing and first division of the costa pale,

a dark fuscous cloud running across the wing from the

stigma; 1st, 2nd, and greater part of 3rd joints of

antenne, legs, apex of 1st, 2nd to 4th segments of abdo-

men, red. Male. Length, 5°5 mm.

A female taken by Mr. Billups at Chobham.

Hemiteles distinctus, n.s.

Abdominis medio pedibusque rufis, segmentis primo et

secundo aciculato.

Head and thorax finely reticulate; head transverse,

inner orbits parallel, face transverse, cheeks not buccated,

clypeus not distinctly separated from the face. Antenne

slender, rather swollen before the apex; 1st joint of

flagellum about four times as long as wide, remainder

gradually decreasing in length; 9th quadrate ; antenne

almost as long as the body. Thorax about one-half

longer than high ; metathorax with the two transverse

lines only moderately pubescent, slanting part with the

152 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s

two central lines. Abdomen about as long and as wide

as the head and thorax ; 1st segment gradually tapering

to the spiracles, which are situated just behind the

middle and not prominent; post-petiole longer than

wide, sides almost parallel, about twice as wide as the

petiole, the segment two and a half times as long as the

width of the apex, distinctly but finely aciculate; the

2nd rather longer than wide, faintly but decidedly acicu-

late, the remainder transverse; the whole abdomen with

moderately scattered stiff pubescence, as is the crown of

the head; aculeus about one-fourth of the abdomen.

Legs slender. Areolet pentagonal; transverse ordinary -

nervure interstitial; transverse discoidal divided just

below the middle ; transverse anal subopposite, divided

one-third from the bottom.

Black ; legs, 2nd and 3rd segments of abdomen, pale

chestnut ; these latter have a little darker spot on each

side; hind coxe black-brown, apex pale; apical half of

hind femora stained with fuscous; base and apex of

hind tibiz and all the tarsi the same colour. Stigma

pies nervures piceous; base of wings yellowish. Length,

mm.

One female taken by Mr. G. C. Bignell in the neigh-

bourhood of Exeter on September 28rd, 1882.

The structure of the metathorax and sculpture of the

abdomen are different from any description that I have

seen.

Theroscopus niger, n. 8.

Niger, pedibus rufis, coxis posticis piceis.

Head shining, with a few scattered white hairs, hardly

wider than the thorax, narrow behind the eyes, seen

from above somewhat globose. Antenne shorter than

the insect ; 1st and 2nd joints of flagellum about equal

in length, about four times as long as wide; the 5th

twice as long as wide. Thorax rather longer than high ;

mesothorax trilobed, punctate, punctures on the middle

lobe running into longitudinal aciculations ; metathorax

with finely divided but distinct areew; supero-medial

hexagonal, the lower lateral borders shorter than the

upper ones; the posterior face without the lines de-

fining a postero-medial area; the whole metathorax

finely rugose and of normal length. Abdomen elongate-

ovate, longer than the head and thorax, but not wider ;

1st segment without projecting spiracles, about twice as

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 158

long as the width of the apex,—this about four times as

wide as the base, aciculate, as is the basal half of the

2nd segment; remaining segments transverse, and

covered with scattered pubescence ; aculeus about one-

half the length of the abdomen. Legs moderate. Re-

mains of wings barely visible.

Black ; the last three segments have the apical margin

pale ; legs brownish red ; hind coxe brown; apical half

of hind femora, a ring before the base, apex of middle

and hind tibiz, and apex of tarsal joints of hinder legs,

slightly fuscous. Female. Length, 4:5 mm.

One female taken by Mr. Cameron at Kingussie.

This appears to be a very distinct species, and, accord-

ing to Foerster’s definition, hardly belongs to this genus,

it having the metathorax furnished with complete are.

Several of his genera do not appear at all satisfactory ;

this species and Aptesis heniptera might go into the

division having the metathorax with arex, as might also

Mr. Marshall’s two species; then Aptesis hemiptera

might be a Theroscopus by the structure of its Ist abdo-

minal segment. Catalytus, again metathorax without

are, contains one species or variety which has the

wings of Aptesis, and which I unfortunately was led into

describing as a new species (vide Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1882, p. 141), Aptesis Foersterti = Catalytus Mangert =

2 C. fulveolatus, var. = ? C. longipennis, vay.

Hemimachus piceus, n. 8.

Niger, pedibus maximis ex parte piceo-rufis.

Head, thorax, and Ist segment of abdomen opaque,

finely reticulate; remainder of the abdomen smooth,

but densely covered with fine pubescence. Head above

transverse, slightly sloping behind the eyes; face longer

than wide; cheeks slightly buccated ; clypeus separated

from the face ; apex widely rotundate ; mandibular teeth

subequal. Antenne rather more than three-fourths the

length of the body; the first three or four joints of the

flagellum subequal in length, about three times as long

as wide; the 1st joint of the scape hardly so long as

wide ; antenne and face pubescent. Thorax about one-

third longer than high ; mesothorax trilobed, the lines

reaching to the middle of the disc; scutellum convex, a

little higher than the mesothorax, keels only just

154 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s

reaching to the base ; metathorax rather long, the aree

indicated by very fine lines; supero-medial area hexa-

gonal, longer than wide, not closed above, or rarely so ;

lateral arez divided, posterior transverse line slightly

defined ; postero-medial area not defined. Abdomen

elongate, cylindrical, not wider than the thorax, and as

long as the head and thorax; the 8rd and 4th segments

slightly the widest; 1st segment tapering from base to

apex, varying in width at the apex from twice to three

times the width of the base, the segment of normal

length, the spiracles projecting, situated in the centre of

the segment, a shallow groove in the middle, with faint

keels not extending to the apex; 2nd segment rather

longer than wide; 8rd subquadrate; the remainder

transverse. Legs slender. Areolet of wings penta-

gonal, when the outer nervure is present longer than

wide, rather narrow above; external inferior angle of

the discoidal cell opposite the corresponding angle of

the areolet, if not a little beyond; stigma rather short,

twice as long as wide; radial cell short and deep ; trans-

verse ordinary nervure not interstitial ; transverse dis-

coidal divided nearly one-third from the bottom ; trans-

verse anal nervure of hind wing nearly straight, inter-

rupted below the middle ; emitting nervure subobsolete.

Black; legs red; front coxe sometimes entirely red,

or the base black; middle coxe red, or more or less

black; hind ones entirely black, or apex red; all the

trochanters more or less marked with brown; middle

femora sometimes with a fuscous stain above at the -

apex ; hind femora with a more or less distinct fuscous

line above; hind tibize with the apical half more or less

distinctly stained with fuscous above, less so beneath,

and a fuscous mark above before the base, this some-

times almost entirely absent; middle and hind tarsi

fuscous, sometimes apex of front ones; mouth and

under side of scape of antennz sometimes piceous-red ;

stigma fuscous; nervures of front wings fuscous, hind

ones pale; base of wings and tegule pale. Length,

4°5 mm.

These males I took by sweeping in the beginning of

August, 1882, at Mousehold, near Norwich, but unfortu-

nately took no female that might belong to the same

species ; they had evidently only just emerged from the

pupa. Ihave no doubt but that they are males of one

of the black Pezomachus, two species of which, with

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 155

the same leg-coloration, are not uncommon in the same

neighbourhood.

Hemimachus hyponomeute, n. s.

Pedibus rufis; segmento secundo abdominis rufis,

fascia media nigra.

Finely reticulate, opaque; head transverse, slanting

behind the eyes; 1st joint of flagellum rather more than

four times as long as wide; following joints gradually

tapering to about the middle ; the remaining ones sub-

equal. Antenne as long as the insect. Mesothorax

trilobed, the lines reaching to the middle of the disc ;

metathorax without superior arex, the transverse line

strongly projecting without interruption; 1st segment

of the abdomen gradually tapering, nearly twice as wide

at the apex as at the base; spiracles very prominent ;

post-petiole about one and a half times as long as wide ;

2nd segment about one-fourth longer than wide; re-

mainder transverse. Abdomen about as wide as the

thorax ; apex of 8rd segment the widest. Legs slender.

Areolet of wings pentagonal ; outer nervures wanting ;

transverse anal nervure divided below the middle.

Scape and Ist joint of flagellum red, the former

stained with brown; apical third of 1st segment of

abdomen, base and apex of 2nd segment, red; the black

band in the middle of this latter segment rather more

than one-third the width of the segment. Legs red;

apical half of hind femora slightly stained with brown,

as also is apex of hind tibize and apical portion of the

tarsal joints. Base of wings pale; nervures and stigma

fuscous, the latter white at the base. Length, 5 mm.

Bred from Hyponomeuta evonymellus by Mr. Mosley.

This insect at first sight is very much like Pezomachus

zonatus, but the head is narrower behind the eyes ; the

1st abdominal segment, although the same shape, is

stouter, and the spiracles much more prominent; the

metathorax has no arez, and the coxe are red.

Hemimachus rufotinctus, n. 8.

Prothorace, scutelli apice, abdominis medio, pedibus-

que castaneo-rufis, posticis coxis femoribus piceis.

Opaque, reticulate ; head rather wider than the thorax,

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) N

156 . Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's

buccated, seen from above the portion behind the eyes

about equal to one-half the width of the eyes ; 1st joint

of flagellum the longest, about four times as long as

wide, the remainder gradually decreasing in length,

filiform, a little shorter than the insect. Thorax longer

than high ; mesothorax trilobed, the lines distinctly im-

pressed in front ; metathorax of ordinary length, sloping

in a curve almost from base to apex, with indications of

an elongate pentagonal supero-medial area, not closed

behind ; posterior transverse line only defined at the

sides. Abdomen ovate, about as long as the head and

thorax, and a little wider than the latter; the 1st seg-

ment is slightly longer than three times the width of the

base ; spiracles very prominent ; post-petiole about one-

fourth longer than wide, and not quite twice the width

of the petiole; 2nd segment subquadrate, %.e., as long

as the width of the apex; remainder transverse, the

3rd and 4th the widest, and of about equal width ; the

apical half of the abdomen covered with pubescence,

about midway between dense and very scattered. Legs

slender. Wings, outer nervure of areolet wanting,

recurrent nervure curved towards the apex of the wing,

transverse ordinary interstitial, no nervelet, transverse

anal opposite, divided one-third from the bottom, emit-

ting nervure distinct.

Scape and base of 1st joint of flagellum partly pale

chestnut-red; collar and apex of scutellum dull red;

apex of 1st segment of abdomen, 2nd and 3rd, pale

chestnut-red, the 2nd with a transverse fuscous stain in

the middle, the 8rd with a large brownish black mark

which occupies almost the entire segment. Legs pale

chestnut-red ; front femora behind, intermediate ones in

front, with a fuscous line; hind coxe, hind femora,

except the base, fuscous ; apex of middle and hind tibie

slightly stained. Wings stained with a slightly darker

band across the wing before the stigma, and another

from the middle of the stigma to the apex of the wing,

an irregular white line running along the recurrent

discoidal nervure; both the radial nervure and stigma

brown, the latter white at the base. Length, 4°5 mm.

Male taken at Felthorpe, near Norwich.

This insect, which I have little doubt is the male of

one of the Pezomachus group, appears to me to be un-

described. In many respects it agrees very well with

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 157

H. variabilis, Ratz., but from the meagre description (Die

Ichneumonen, vol. iii., p. 158) it would be impossible to

say it was not that species; Hr. Brischke, in Schrift. d.

natur. Gesell. in. Danzig, 1876, says that H. variabilis,

Ratz., is the male of Pezomachus cursitans, Gr., and is the

maleof Hemiteles palpator, Gr.,and confirms the statement

in l. c., 1878, p. 202, but in neither gives any description

of the abdomen generally. Gravenhorst (Ich. Eur., vol.

il., p. 819) says :—‘‘ Abdomen capitis thoracisque longi-

tudine, maris thorace paulo angustius, oblongum” ; in

rufocinctus it is rather wider than the thorax.

Henimachus rufipes, n. 8.

Basi antennarum, pedibus, abdominisque basi rufis.

Subopaque, densely and finely reticulate ; head trans-

verse, narrow behind the eyes; cheeks not buccated ;

face slightly protuberant, transverse, inner orbits parallel.

Clypeus separated from the face ; apex rotundate ; man-

dibular teeth subequal. Antenne about as long as the

insect ; 1st and 2nd joints of flagellum of about equal

length, about four times as long as wide. Thorax nearly

one-third longer than high; anterior part of meso-

thorax indistinctly trilobed ; upper part of metathorax

about as long as the back part, with two transverse

curved lines, but no horizontal lines defining a supero-

medial area; Ist abdominal segment rather long and

slender; post-petiole one-third longer than wide;

spiracles rather prominent, one-third wider than the

petiole, and a little shorter than it ; 2nd segment rather

longer than wide ; remainder transverse, the 4th seg-

ment the widest. Legs slender. Areolet inperfect ;

transverse anal nervure scarcely ante-furchal, divided

about one-third from the bottom; no trace of nervelet

in cubito-discoidal nervure.

Mouth, base of antenne, and legs red ; two small red

spots on upper part of collar; 1st abdominal segment

red, sides to middle of post-petiole stained with brown ;

2nd segment entirely red; 3rd red, more or less marked

with a transverse central brown band, sometimes almost

obsolete ; apical margin of remaining segments some-

times pale; stigma fuscous; nervures rather faint.

Length,4mm. Male.

I have two males taken in the neighbourhood. of

Norwich in July.

158 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's

Hemimachus ovatus, n. 8.

Abdomine ovato, basi antennarum, abdomine medio

pedibusque rufis.

Head, thorax, and abdomen finely and densely reticu-

late, opaque. Head narrow behind the eyes; face

slightly protuberant, subquadrate, a little longer than

wide ; sides parallel; cheeks not buccated. Antenne

about as long as the body ; Ist and 2nd joints of flagellum

subequal, about four times as long as wide. Thorax

rather longer than high ; mesothorax distinctly trilobed,

the depressions between the lobes extending to the scu-

tellum ; metathorax short, without arex, the hinder

transverse line only present, and that feeble; 1st abdo-

minal segment rather short ; petiole scarcely longer than

the post-petiole, which is quadrate, rather more than

twice as wide as the petiole; spiracles projecting and

very prominent. Abdomen oblong-ovate, rather wider

than the thorax, and about as long as the head and

thorax ; 2nd and remaining segments transverse, apex

of 2nd and 3rd the widest. Legs slender. Wings clear ;

stigma fuscous, the imperfect areolet very small ; cubito-

discoidal nervure with a trace of nervelet, the transverse

anal nervure ante-furchal, and divided one-third from the

bottom.

Mouth, base of antenne, and legs red; 1st segment

of abdomen red ; base and sides of petiole dark brown,

a fuscous stain across the middle of the post-petiole ;

2nd segment red, with a faint fuscous stain across the ~

middle; 3rd red, with a wide brown irregular mark

across the segment, nearly obliterating the red; stigma

and nervures fuscous; base of wings pale. Length,

4°5 mm.

One male taken at Brundall, Sept. 15th, 1881.

Hemimachus rufocinctus.

Under the above name, in a collection that belonged

to Mr. Marshall, are four male: insects which do not

agree either with Taschenberg’s description of Hemiteles

rufocinctus, Gr., nor to Hr. Brischke’s description of

Hemimachus rufocinctus, Ratz., which is the male of

Foerster’s Pezomachus instabilis. 'Taschenberg says that

H. rufocinctus, Gr., has on the metathorax two transverse

lines longitudinally wrinkled between them, but no

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 159

supero-medial area laterally defined. Hr. Brischke says

that H. rufocinctus, Ratz., is the male of P. instabilis,

and is different from H. rufocinctus, Gr., and that it has

an elongated pentagonal supero-medial area on the meta-

thorax. Mr. Marshall’s insect does not belong to either

of these ; the metathorax is very short, has no trace of

Supero-medial area, and but part of one transverse line

is present, and that only at the sides; the true Hemi-

machus rufocinctus, like P. instabilis, has the abdomen

covered with scattered hairs, whilst Mr. Marshall’s in-

sect is densely covered with pubescence.

Mr. Bignell has bred two females and a male which

may be a variety of Hemimachus rufocinctus, but they

are smaller than this insect generally is; the male has

only a flattened depression indicating the supero-medial

area, and the female has the legs almost entirely black-

brown, and not the greater part red, as is generally the

case. I have seen this variety from Dr. Capron and Mr.

Billups, and have taken it myself. As I have seen no

insect described at all like Mr. Marshall’s males, I have

added a description and suggest that it should be named

H. confusus. Dy. Capron has kindly given me a speci-

men of this insect.

Apex of Ist segment of abdomen, base and apex of

2nd, and base of 3rd, reddish; greater part of front

legs, all the tibie and tarsi, reddish; stigma fuscous.

Antenne about three-fourths the length of the insect ;

joints of flagellum shorter than usual; 1st joint rather

more than three times as long as wide; 2nd and 3rd

subequal in length, rather shorter than the Ist, gradually

decreasing in length, none of the joints exactly quad-

rate, the whole antenne pilose ; head somewhat buccated

behind the eyes, a little wider than the thorax. Thorax

about as long as high ; mesothorax not trilobed; meta-

thorax very short, almost inclining from base to apex,

rough, no trace of supero-medial area; posterior trans-

verse line defined only at the sides; 1st segment of

abdomen elongate, tapering from base to apex ; tubercles

more or less distinct ; post-petiole nearly one-half longer

than wide. Abdomen elongate-ovate, the 8rd segment

the widest, the whole abdomen covered with dense pube-

scence ; 2nd segment nearly as long as the width of the

apex; remaining ones transverse. Areolet of wings

imperfect; transverse anal nervure divided one-third

from the bottom. The whole insect is opaque, finely

reticulate. Male. Length, 3°5—4 mm.

160 Myr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s

Hemimachus annulicornis, Marsh. MS.

? = Pezomachus juvenilis, Foerst., Mon. d. Gat. Pez.,

1S6,. (250 9ie

In the ‘Entomologist’s Annual,’ 1874, p. 127, the

Rev. T. A. Marshall mentions the male and female of a

small Pezomachus, which he took in numbers at Milford

Haven. I have lately had an opportunity of examining

these insects: the female I believe to be Pezomachus

juvenilis, Foerst., an insect named and described from a

single specimen, as the majority of Foerster’s species

were.

Mr. Bignell has taken this same species in plenty in

the neighbourhood of Plymouth, and I find, although

there is no variation in structure, the depth of colour

and the size vary much. The length given by Foerster

appears to be the minimum; in a series from Mr.

Bignell now before me I find they vary from 2 mm. to

nearly 4 mm. in length; in some instances the head is

nearly as light coloured as the thorax, while in others

it is quite dark red. The fuscous bands on the 8rd and

4th abdominal segments also vary in intensity. The

male being undescribed, I have ventured to add a de-

scription of it :—

Basi abdominis, pedibus, et basi antennarum, rufis.

Antenne long and slender, rather longer than the

insect ; 1st joint of flagellum about five times as long as

wide, 2nd rather shorter, gradually decreasing in length,

none exactly quadrate ; head subglobose, much wider

than the thorax. Thorax about one-third longer than

high, narrow; mesothorax not trilobed; upper part of

metathorax slightly longer than the back part; trans-

verse ridge distinct, but without supero-medial area ; 1st

segment of abdomen somewhat elongate, gradually

tapering to the region of the spiracles; from thence

sides parallel; post-petiole not quite one-half longer

than wide. Abdomen about as wide as the thorax; the

4th segment the widest ; the 2nd one-third longer than

wide ; the remainder transverse. The wings vary from

normal size to more or less abbreviated ; the neuration

towards the apex imperfect.

Head black; base of antennze more or less red or

piceous. Thorax pale piceous; 1st, 2nd, and greater

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 161

part of 8rd segment ochraceous or pale piceous-red ;

legs of the same colour, as well as stigma and nervures.

Length, 2 mm. or a little more.

Aptesis Foerstert.

Last year I described this species as new. I now find

it is only a very short-winged Catalytus, a genus I had

not then seen. This appears tobe C. Mangeri, Gr. Last

summer I took a male with almost fully-developed wings,

and have seen a female of C. fulveolatus, Gr., and,

except the length of the wings, could detect no difference

between them. It seems to me that Catalytus is a very

weak genus; in fact there seems no distinct generic

characters to separate Catalytus, Aptesis, and Theros-

copus from one another, and they might fairly be included

in one genus; perhaps Oresbius, Marshall, would not be

much out of place if associated with them.

Pezomachus dubitator, Foerst.

In a previous paper (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,

p- 156), under the above heading, I noticed a Pezomachus

which I thought might be the above species. I have

now but little doubt that they do not belong to this

species, but are small dark varieties of Pezomachus analis,

Foerst., having only the first two segments red, and

sometimes the 2nd is deeply stained with brown. I find

in almost all the species of Pezomachus that I have seen

in any number that colour cannot be depended on for

specific distinction. The one under discussion varies

from having only the 1st segment of the abdomen red

to those having the abdomen almost entirely red, only

one or two of the apical segments being stained with

brown.

Mr. Bignell has been fortunate enough to breed the

dark variety, and with this three males which agree

exactly with Foerster’s description of P. conveniens,

Mon. Pez., 281, 195. Of these three, two are rather

darker than the description whilst the other is as

described by Foerster. They were bred from Zygena

filipendule.

162 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s

Pezomachus brevis, un. 8.

Niger, pedibus piceis.

This species comes in Foerster’s division A. II. a. yy.,

next to P. pumilus, but is much larger, and the 7th joint

of the antenne is only a little longer than broad.

Foerster says the thorax is of ordinary length, with the

metathorax short; in this the meso- and metathorax

are of the same length, and very short; 2nd joint of

flagellum a little longer than the 1st, this about two and

a half times as long as broad; 5th rather longer than

wide ; head transverse, much wider than the thorax ;

_ meso- and metathorax of about equal length, very short ;

metathorax with no trace of the transverse line. Thorax

much higher than long; back part of metathorax flat

and slanting. Abdomen ovate; spiracles scarcely pro-

truding ; post-petiole broad; abdomen covered with

scattered hairs; aculeus not quite so long as the Ist

segment.

Black ; scape and 1st joint of flagellum reddish brown;

mouth and legs brownish red, four anterior femora

towards the base rather darker; hind femora reddish

brown, as is the extreme apex of hind tibize below; in-

cisions of anterior segments of the abdomen slightly

pale ; 6th segment entirely pale. Length about 4 mm.

Taken by Mr. F. P. Pascoe at Dover.

Pezomachus hieracti, n. 8.

Niger, pedibus piceis.

This Pezomachus belongs to Foerster’s division A. I. h.,

and comes next to P. tener.

Head transverse, rather slanting behind the eyes.

Antenne moderate ; 1st and 2nd joints of flagellum sub-

equal in length, about three times as long as wide, the

5th rather longer than wide; mesothorax short ; meso-

and metathorax of equal length, the back part of the

latter slanting and flat, without the transverse ridge;

1st segment of abdomen broad at the apex; spiracles

not projecting ; the remaining segments transverse ; the ~

2nd and 8rd much shorter than usual, scarcely so deep

as the width of the apex of the Ist segment, densely and

uniformly covered with pubescence; aculeus a little

longer than the 1st segment.

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 163

Black ; base of 1st joint of flagellum pale; apex of

1st abdominal piceous; legs lighter or darker piceous ;

trochanters pale; apex of front and middle femora

reddish ; front tibie and tarsi reddish; base of middle

tibiz, middle and apex of hind tibiz, and tarsi, reddish ;

apical joints of tarsidark. Length, 2°75—3°5 mm.

The smaller of these was taken by Mr. Billups at Bur-

ford Bridge, Sept., 1881; the larger ones were bred by

Mr. Billups and Mr. Bignell from galls of Aulax hieracii.

Pezomachus vagans, Oliv.

In the middle of July I bred both sexes of this Pezo-

machus from a spider’s nest, and, as I believe the male

is undescribed, I here give a description.

Niger, abdominis medio pedibusque rufis, femoribus et

tibiis posticis piceis; alis completis.

Subopaque, finely and densely punctured; head seen

above somewhat square, seen in front subrotund, rather

wider than long; cheeks slightly rounded, not descend-

ing below the base of the mandibles ; clypeus separated

from the face, rounded at the apex, a moderate pro-

tuberance between the clypeus and the antenne in the

middle of the face, a distinctly impressed line in the

centre, reaching from the antenne to the anterior ocellus,

the space between the eyes wider below than above.

Antenne slender, slightly swollen from just before the

middle, a little thinner again at the apex; 1st and 2nd

joints of flagellum of equal length, the 1st about four

times as long as wide, all the joints longer than wide;

the 7th one-third wider than the lst ; antenne about as

long as the insect. Thorax elongate, about one-third

longer than high; mesothorax a regular diamond in

shape, parapsides faintly defined, a well-marked de-

pression running from the scutellum to almost the middle

of the mesothorax; metathorax, seen from above the

upper part is not quite so long as the width between the

spiracles, without arez, posterior transverse line strongly

developed, the punctures or reticulations running trans-

versely backward from the centre, forming wavy delicate

rugosities ; back part slightly sloping, with no perpen-

dicular lines, but a distinct costa at the bottom; 1st

segment of abdomen about as long or a little longer than

the hind coxe ; spiracles about in the middle and rather

164 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s

prominent; post-petiole but slightly wider than the

petiole ; the 4th segment the widest ; the 2nd as long as

the width of the apex; remainder transverse; the 4th

and following segments with short, rather scattered,

hairs. Legs slender. Wings of normal length, but

narrow ; stigma elongate; radial cell almost parallel ;

areolet pentagonal, outer nervure wanting; posterior

inferior angle of discoidal cell about opposite to the

corresponding angle of the areolet; cubito-discoidal

nervure without a trace of nervelet ; transverse discoidal

divided far above the middle; transverse anal slightly

geniculated below the centre, but without emitting ner-

vure.

~ Black ; apex of 1st abdominal segment, 2nd and 3rd,

red, sides of the latter sometimes piceous. Legs rufo-

testaceous ; middle femora slightly piceous in the middle ;

hind femora nigro-piceous, base red; middle tibiw, apex

slightly piceous ; hind tibie, apex and outside almost to

the base nigro-piceous ; hind tarsi and apex of front and

middle ones slightly browned ; base of hind coxe some-

times the same. Wings slightly smoky; nervures and

stigma brown, apex of latter white ; base of wings pale.

Length, 3 mm.

OPHIONIDA.

Anomalon perspicuum, Wesm.

Wesm., Buli. d. Belgique, xvi., 127, 7; Holm.,

Consp. Anom. Suec., 176, 10; Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec.,

py eae Ue

Mr. E. Atmore, of Lynn, bred this Anomalon from

Cleora lichenaria in June last year.

Sagaritis raptor, Zett.

Porizon raptor, Zett., Ins. Lapp., 396, 4.

Sagaritis raptor, Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec., 44,2,¢,2.

I took a female Sagaritis at Brundall, near Norwich,

in July, which agrees almost exactly with Holmgren’s

description of S. raptor; the only differences are that

the supero-medial area of the metathorax is hardly

transverse, the 2nd segment of the abdomen is almost

entirely red, and the hind tibie entirely so.

Catalogue of British Ichneuwmonide. 165

Sagaritis incisa, n. 8.

Niger, femoribus, tibiis tarsisque maxima ex parte

rufis, post-petiolo scrobiculis tribus, segmento secundo

transversim impresso; aculeo segmento primo dimidio

breviore.

Face subquadrate; mandibular teeth subequal. An-

‘tenne a little shorter than the thorax and abdomen ;

head transverse, narrow behind the eyes, rather wider

than the thorax, with very fine white pubescence. Thorax

rather longer than high, parapsides rather distinct,

extending to the middle of the mesothorax; supero-

medial area of metathorax subhexagonal, sometimes

closed behind, sometimes not ; lateral areew imperfectly

divided or not at all; postero-medial area wide, not

concave. Legs moderate. Abdomen rather short and

wide ; post-petiole rather longer than wide ; sides almost

parallel, about three times as wide as the petiole and a

little shorter than it; in a line with the spiracles are

three very distinct pits, one in the middle and one on each

side; 2nd segment a little longer than wide, with a

wide obsolete transverse depression just below the base,

and a very distinct deep one before the apex; 3rd and

remaining segments transverse; aculeus one-half the

length of the 1st segment. Wings, areolet rhomboidal,

the shape of the areolet in Mesochorus but smaller ;

recurrent nervure received before the centre; transverse

ordinary nervure almost interstitial; transverse anal

interrupted below the middle, with scarcely a trace of

nervure proceeding from it; stigma long and narrow.

Black ; palpi reddish yellow; legs red; coxe, base of

front and middle trochanters, black; base and apex of

hind tibiz, towards the apex of front and middle tarsi

and hind one entirely fuscous; stigma and nervures

fuscous; base of wing and tegule yellow. Length,

5 mm.

Two females bred by Mrs. F. Norgate. The host is

uncertain ; the cocoon is elongate, and of uniform tawny

brown.

I can find no description of a Sagaritis which agrees

with this very marked species, and the only Limneria

which appears to me to come near it is C. seniculus, Gr.,

I. E., in., 4738, male. This species Gravenhorst notes

as having three pits on the post-petiole, just as Mrs.

166 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s

Norgate’s has, but the areolet is differently shaped; and

Ratzeburg and Brischke have assigned a very different

female to it.

Nemeritis rufipes, uu. 8.

Niger, pedibus rufis.

This insect comes next to N. macrocentra, but differs

in having the legs entirely red, and the segments of the

abdomen longer.

Head transverse, narrow behind the eyes. Antenne

about three-fourths the length of the insect. Thorax

longer than high ; metathorax with five arez ; supero-

medial area longer than wide; back part of metathorax

concave. Abdomen long and slender, nearly twice as

long as the head and thorax; 1st segment longer than

the hind coxe and trochanters; 2nd segment nearly

three times as long as wide; the 3rd not quite twice as

long as wide; 4th and 5th subquadrate; 6th slightly

transverse ; abdomen covered with fine white pubescence ;

aculeus about two-thirds the length of the abdomen,

very slightly curved upwards. Areolet of wings petio-

lated ; recurrent nervure received beyond the middle ;

the transverse anal nervure not interrupted. Legs

slender.

Black; legs red; extreme apex of tarsi fuscous ;

base of wings pale straw-colour; stigma pale piceous.

Female. Length, 7 mm.

This very distinct species has been taken by Dr.

Capron at Shere, who kindly gave me the specimen from

which this description is taken.

Mesochorus pectinipes, n. 8.

Niger ; facie, segmentis tertii medio, pedibusque rufis,

coxis posticis nigris.

Head behind the eyes subbuccated ; face transverse,

a little narrower above than below; mandibular teeth of

equal length ; clypeus distinctly separated from the face,

widely rotundate, smooth, with a few scattered punctures ;

face distinctly and rather coarsely punctured, becoming

finer and closer towards the centre; from the centre of

the clypeus to the antenne runs a distinct ridge, and

from this transversely below the antenne, slightly in-

clining upwards exteriorly, is another line, which together

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 167

resemble a capital T; a slight impression above each

antenna; forehead smooth, with only the hair pits.

Antenne longer than the insect ; 1st joint of flagellum

a little longer than the 2nd and 8rd combined, which are

subequal in length, and about three times as long as

wide ; head and thorax covered with dirty white pube-

scence, longer on the metathorax. Thorax longer than

high ; mesothorax trilobed, covered with fine, regularly

scattered, punctures ; apex of scutellum pointed ; meta-

thorax with distinct aree ; supero-medial area elongate,

coffin-shaped ; postero-medial complete, about as wide

as long, curved upwards above and below. Claws of

tarsi furnished with long close pectinations to the extreme

apex. Abdomen longer than the head and thorax, and

a little narrower ; 1st segment as long or a little longer

than the hind coxe and trochanters ; spiracles situated

just beyond the middle, between these and the apex, the

sides slightly curved inwards; sides without keels; the

apex one-third wider than across the spiracles, and

rather more than twice the width of the petiole ; just

before the apex a transverse line of faint aciculations ;

2nd segment one-fourth longer than wide, the 3rd rather

longer than wide, remainder transverse. Wings, trans-

verse ordinary nervure interstitial; recurrent nervure

received one-third from base of areolet ; transverse anal

not divided.

Mouth, face, cheeks, all the orbits, and base of an-

tenne, pitchy red; margin of collar, extreme apex of

2nd abdominal segment, back of 3rd, and a spot at the

base of 4th, pale pitchy. Legs rufo-testaceous ; hind

coxee black ; extreme base and apex of hind tibiz scarcely

clouded ; 5th tarsal joint and claws dark; stigma fus-

cous, base pale; base of wings straw-coloured. Male.

Length, 6 mm.

This species, which appears to me to be undescribed,

belongs to the same division of Holmgren’s as M.

thoracicus, distinguished by the tarsal claws being pecti-

nated to the apex.

One male taken in the neighbourhood of Norwich at

the beginning of May.

168 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshiull’s

Mesochorus hirsutus, n. 8.

Facie pedibusque flavidis, pectore, scutello, et dorso

mesothoracis rufis.

Head transverse, behind the eyes narrow; teeth of

mandibles of equal length; face subtransverse; head

smooth and shining; 1st joint of flagellum one-third

longer than the 2nd, about six times as long as wide.

Thorax longer than high, finely punctate, covered with

fine pubescence; metathorax with five subdistinct are.

Ist segment of abdomen a little longer than the pos-

terior cox and trochanters; petiole rather longer than

the post-petiole, about one-third the width ; the sides of

the post-petiole almost parallel, marginated at the

sides, this, as well as the rest of the abdomen, smooth

and shining ; 2nd and remaining segments clothed with

regularly dispersed pubescence; 2nd segment slightly

longer than wide; 8rd subquadrate ; remainder trans-

verse; styles shorter than usual, about one-third the

leneth of the 1st segment. Legs moderate; claws

pectinated to about the middle, pectinations not close.

External radial nervure almost straight; transverse

ordinary not quite interstitial ; recurrent nervure received

before the middle; transverse anal neryure divided

below the middle. Aculeus of female about as long as

the Ist segment.

3. Black; face, cheeks, and mouth yellowish. An-

tenne rufo-fuscous, palest at base of flagellum ; breast ©

and sides of mesothorax testaceous; scutellum and two

streaks at base of mesothorax dull red. Legs reddish

straw-colour ; hind coxe and hind femora more red;

extreme apex of hind tibie and apical joints of all the

tarsi brownish black; stigma and nervures piceous.

Length,8 mm. Male and female.

The female differs from the male only in being gene-

rally darker, the scutellum having only a trace of red,

and the face black or blackish.

This fine species was taken by Dr. Capron in the

neighbourhood of Shere, and to him I am indebted for

a specimen. It comes in Section I. C. a. ** of Holm-

gren’s divisions of Mesochorus.

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 169

Miomeris equisgranensis, Foerst.

Uebersicht d. Gatt. u. Art. d. Fam. d. Plectiscoiden,

Poy es es

A male of this species has been taken by Mr. EK. Par-

fitt in the neighbourhood of Exeter.

Dicolus pectoralis, Foerst.

Piece Oh as Ss

This species is added to our list on the strength of a

female which was sent to me by the Rev. T. A. Mar-

shall. These last two insects belong to the Plectiscus

group, which Foerster has divided into many genera ;

both species are very distinct and easily recognised.

TRYPHONIDA.

Erromenus analis, Brischke.

Brischke, D. Ich. d. Prov. W. u. O. Preus., p.101,3,?.

Mr. J. K. Fletcher has bred a male of this species

from Nematus crassulus ; it differs slightly from the de-

scription in having the margins of the middle seements

of the abdomen not pale marked, and there is a fuscous

spot above on the hind tibie before the base, and the

hind and intermediate tarsi are brownish stained to-

wards their apical half.

This species is very like an Hxochus, as Hr. Brischke

has remarked ; the greater part of the legs are red, and

the apex of the abdomen is red.

Cteniscus Dahlbomi, Holm.

Mon. Try. Suec., 242, 40, 2.

I captured a specimen of this species at Horning Ferry,

Norfolk, at the end of June. Mr. Bignell has also taken

a female in the neighbourhood of Plymouth.

Exochus niger, n. 8.

Niger, tibiis tarsisque rufis.

Head subquadrate, slanting behind the eyes; trans-

verse impressions below the anterior ocellus very faint ;

head shining, with a few scattered punctures; meso-

170 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's

thorax evenly punctured almost all over the disc ; meta-

thorax with three aree; head, thorax, and abdomen

with fine scattered white pubescence ; the middle of the

2nd and 8rd abdominal segments free from the pube-

scence ; middle of the abdomen entirely free from punc-

tures, very smooth and shining; 2nd segment longer

than wide; the 3rd subquadrate. Legs stout. Wings

without areolet ; transverse anal nervure divided below

the centre.

Black ; mouth, antenne beneath and base of flagellum,

tibiew, tarsi, apex of front femora, and extreme apex of

intermediate and hind femora, brownish red; base of

wings and tegule the same colour, stigma and nervures

black. Length, 5 mm.

This Hazochus would come between h. and hh. of

Holmeren’s division B. aa. f., and differs from them in

the red tibie.

One female taken the beginning of August, 1882, in

the neighbourhood of Norwich.

Exochus pictus, Holm.

Holm., Mon. Try. Suec., 812, 9, 3, 2; Holm., Dip.

Meth. Exoch. Scand., 66, 6, 3, ?.

A female of this species has been received from Mr.

Cameron taken at Thornhill.

Bassus tibialis, n. 8.

Niger, pedibus rufis, tibiis posticis basi albo ; scutelli

lateribus albo, areola nulla.

Shining ; a distinct rounded projection below the an-

tennz; apex of clypeus truncate, the middle slightly

raised, with a circular depression on each side ; a distinct

fovea above each antenna, with a groove between them ;

antenne filiform and hairy, reaching to about the apex

of the 1st segment; 1st joint of flagellum one-third

longer than the 2nd, from this gradually tapering to the

apical joint, which is conical; the 2nd one-third longer

than wide; supero-medial area of metathorax sub-

quadrate ; back part of metathorax somewhat coarsely

rugose, upper part distinctly so; 1st segment of abdo-

men about one-fourth longer than wide, sides almost

parallel, slightly bowed, coarsely longitudinally rugose,

canaliculated ; base of 2nd segment the same sculpture,

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 171

with two short transverse diagonal impressions on each

side at the base and towards the middle of the segment,

one-third longer than wide; 38rd rather longer than

wide, compressed towards the apex ; remaining segments

much compressed. Legs a little stouter than usual in

this genus. Wings without an areolet; transverse

cubital subobsolete, as in Xylonomus ; nervelet present ;

transverse anal nervure divided a little below the middle.

Black ; mandibles at the base, a triangular mark on

clypeus, shoulders, tegule, sides of scutellum, base of

hind tibie, base of 1st jomt of hind tarsi, yellowish

white ; apex of mandibles, sides of clypeus, and legs,

red ; stigma piceous, extreme base pale; base of wings

pale. Length,7 mm. Female.

One specimen was given to me by Mr. F. Norgate,

locality uncertain ; and two have been bred by Mr. J.

K. Fletcher, from pupe of some dipteron dug up at

Worcester, May 22nd, 1872.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PART II. (JUNE.) o

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VIII. Remarks on a small collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera

from Borneo, with descriptions of new species. By

A. Sipney OLLIFF.

[Read April 4th, 1883. }

Tue Clavicorns enumerated in the following list were

collected by W. B. Pryer, Esq., at Sandakan, in N.E.

Borneo. Although the collection contains but twenty-

one species, it will, I think, be advisable to publish a

complete list of them in preference to merely describing

the new forms, as the Coleoptera of this locality, or

indeed of any portion of Northern Borneo, are but very

imperfectly known. I have added references to the de-

scriptions of those species which are not included in the

Munich Catalogue.

To receive a species of Phylloscelis from Borneo is

interesting, as showing the very wide distribution of the

genus. P. ovides, Mars., on which the genus was founded,

was described from Senegal, P. testudo, Gers., from

Zanzibar, and P. arechavalete, Mars., from Monte Video.

I have seen a specimen of P. testudo in Mr. George

Lewis’ collection from Abyssinia.

The two new genera and more important novelties

in this collection Mr. Waterhouse proposes to figure

in an early number of his ‘ Aid to the Identification of

Insects.’

I hope soon to have an opportunity of investigating

the Hrotylide, Endomychide, and Coccinellide contained

in Mr. Pryer’s collection.

List of species referred to in this paper :—

HIistTERIDm. Carpophilus ordinatus, n. s.

Pleswus javanus, Erich. Trimenus adpressus, Murr.

Phylloscelis orbicularis, n.s. Prometopia rhombus, nu. s.

a catillina, n. 8.

NITIDULIDS.

Calonecrus wallacei, Thoms. TROGOSITIDA.

6 rufipes, Pasc. Narcisa lynceus, n. 8.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART Il. (JUNE.)

174 + Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small

Acrops punctata, Fabr. Psammeecus lursutus, n. 8.

Ancyrona pryert, 1. 8.

Lophocateres (n. g.) nanus, MycrToPHAGIDA.

n. 8. Litargus exiguus, i. 8.

CoLyYDIIDA.

Bothrideres nocturnus, Pasc. DERMESTIDA.

Dermestes cadaverimus,

CucusIpm. Fabr.

Ancistria retusa, Fabr. Trogoderma defectum,

Inopeplus borneensis, Ni. 8. Walk.

Platycotylus (n. g.) musi- Orphilus oscitans, ui. 8.

tatus, Nn. 8.

HISTERIDA.

Puasius, Hrichson.

Plesius javanus, Erich.

One example only, which is somewhat narrower than

the typical form.

Puyuuosceuis, Marseul.

Phylloscelis orbicularis, n. 8.

Orbicular, very convex above, a little longer than

broad, shiny black. Head large, transverse, with a fine

marginal stria. Antenne pitchy, apical joint brownish

yellow. Mandibles short, robust, and strongly curved,

with the apex acutely bifid. Prothorax large, sides’

regularly rounded, anterior margin slightly produced in

the middle, the lateral stria close to the margin, sparsely,

irregularly, and extremely finely punctured. Scutellum

scarcely visible, triangular. Elytra twice as long as the

prothorax, a little broader at the base than at the apex,

truncate behind, with the outer angles rounded ; sides

with a fine marginal stria: each elytron with six strie ;

the sutural entire and rather indistinct; the others well

marked, the first, second, and third parallel and entire,

the fourth uniting with the sutural, the fifth commencing

before the middle and extending to the apex; humeral

stria very indistinct, oblique. Prosternum short, narrow,

much broader in front than behind, with a strong central

ridge extending from the base to just behind the apex.

Mesosternum twice as broad as long; anterior margin

collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 176

much produced in the centre, with a feebly defined mar-

ginal stria, and another well-marked flexuous stria ex-

tending from the posterior angle to near the middle of

the anterior margin. Metasternum large, with a deeply-

impressed central line, sides oblique, marginal stria

distinct ; near the posterior margin there are deep,

scattered, rather elongate punctures. The first abdo-

minal segment with coarse punctuation at the base.

Legs pitchy, all the tibie armed on their outer margins

with short, sharp spines, and on their inner margins

with a few much smaller and sharper ones ; tibial spurs

short and acute. Length, 8 mm.; width, 23 mm.

This species is allied to Phylloscelis ovides, Mars., but

cannot be confounded with it on account of the different

structure of its mandibles and legs, smaller size, and

the dissimilarity in their dorsal strie. The strong

punctuation at the base of the metasternum and on the

basal segment of the abdomen is not mentioned in the

description of any described species of Phylloscelis.

NITIDULIDA.

CaLoneEcrus, Thomson.

Calonecrus wallacet, Thoms.

The two examples obtained, as seems almost invariably

the case with this species, have a transparent yellow

sticky substance adhering to them.

Calonecrus rufipes, Pascoe.

A single specimen of this rare species was obtained.

CarporHitus, Stephens.

Carpophilus ordinatus, n. 8.

Oblong-ovate, rather convex, black, somewhat shin-

ing, sparingly clothed with fine fuscous pubescence.

Head transverse, strongly and moderately closely punc-

tured, with a feebly-defined longitudinal central impres-

sion. Eyes large, prominent, and finely granulated.

Clypeus shining, impunctate. Antenne pitchy, basal

joint and club rather darker. Prothorax at the base

twice as broad as long, moderately narrowed in front,

where it is a little broader than the head together with

the eyes, slightly convex, very coarsely and closely

176 Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small

punctured ; anterior angles obtuse ; sides gently arcuate,

finely margined; posterior angles acute. Scutellum

large, rounded posteriorly, more finely punctured than

the prothorax. Elytra as broad as the prothorax at the

base, but rather narrower at the apex, finely punctate-

striate ; interstices very narrow, scarcely raised ; apex

of each elytron strongly rounded, rather oblique on the

inner side; sides with a fine reflexed margin. Abdomen

with the last two segments exposed, strongly punctate,

and somewhat shining above ; the last segment with the

sides oblique and slightly sinuate before the apex, the

apex truncate, very slightly emarginate, outer angles

obtuse. Under side black, feebly and rather thickly

punctate. Legs pitchy, tarsi paler. Length, 38 mm. ;

width, 13 mm.

This very distinct species is best placed in Section VII.

of Murray’s subgenus, ‘‘ Carpophilus proper.” It is

nearest to C. bakewelli, Murray, but has the prothorax

proportionately broader, and the elytra punctate-striate

and much longer than in that species.

Trmenvus, Murray.

Trimenus adpressus, Murr.

Although a considerable number of specimens were

obtained, none appear to approach JT’. angustatus, de-

scribed by Mr. Murray with much hesitation as a dis-

tinct species.

Prometorpra, Hrichson.

Prometopia rhombus (Murray in litt).

Oblong-ovate, moderately convex above, fuscous, some-

what shining, covered with short, fine, and close greyish

yellow pubescence. Head embedded in a deep emargi-

nation of the prothorax, transversely impressed, rather

finely and closely punctured. Clypeus punctured as

closely as the head. Eyes moderately large and coarsely

eranulated. Antenne reddish brown. Prothorax at the

base two and one-half times broader than long, narrowed

in front, rather finely and closely punctured, deeply

quadrangularly emarginate in front, finely margined,

anterior angles acute and prominent, sides with a broad

testaceous reflexed margin, posterior angles slightly

acute. Scutellum very short and broad, rounded behind,

collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 177

finely punctured. Elytra about twice as long as the

prothorax, finely and irregularly punctured, sides gradu-

ally rounded, with a testaceous reflexed margin vanish-

ing at the apex. Pygidium with only the apex visible

from above. Legs reddish brown. Length, 3} mm.;

width, 2} mm.

Can only be compared with Prometopia binotata,

Murray, with which it agrees in outline; it is, however,

at once separated from that species by its narrower

head, more prominent mandibles, different colour, and

more pubescent surface.

Prometopia catillina, n. s.

Oblong, a little broader in front than behind, pitchy,

rather shining, sparingly clothed with very fine and short

yellowish grey pubescence. Head very large, transverse,

embedded in an emargination of the prothorax, im-

pressed in front, finely and closely punctured at the

base. yes large, rather finely granulated. Antenne

brownish testaceous. Prothorax a little more than

twice as broad as long, slightly narrowed in front of the

middle, very finely and closely punctured, deeply and

very broadly emarginate in front, yellowish towards the

sides, anterior angles acute and prominent, sides with a

testaceous reflexed margin which is rather broader in

front than behind, posterior angles right angles. Scu-

tellum rounded posteriorly, more finely and closely

punctured than the prothorax. Elytra more than twice

as long as the prothorax, very finely and closely punc-

tured, sides parallel for about half their length, then

gradually rounded to the apex, with a testaceous reflexed

margin vanishing posteriorly; each elytron with two

rather large yellowish red patches, one before, the

other behind the middle. Pygidium concealed. Legs

brownish testaceous. Length, 83} mm.; width, 2 mm.

This species may be distinguished by its broad head

and the large size of the patches on the elytra. It

evidently belongs to the group of Prometopia quadri-

maculata, Motsch.

178 = Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small

TROGOSITIDA.

_Narotsa, Pascoe.

Narcisa lynceus, n. 8.

Oblong, scarcely narrower in front than behind, dark

chestnut-brown, covered with broad ashy-grey scales,

intermingled here and there with blackish ones. Head

embedded within an emargination of the prothorax.

Eyes black, the superior pair very large, transversely

ovate and approximated above. Antenne reddish brown,

club lighter. Prothorax about twice as broad as long,

moderately strongly emarginate in front, the sides of

the emargination very oblique, with a smooth patch on

each side at the base, anterior angles rounded, posterior

angles more so, sides strongly arcuate and finely serru-

late. Scutellum very small, sides parallel, rounded

behind. Elytra three times the length of the head and

prothorax together, rather broader at the base than the

prothorax, gradually widening for about two-thirds of

their length, then gently rounded to the apex, crenate-

striate, the alternate interstices with large deep punc-

tures placed at irregular intervals, shoulders rectangular,

sides straight, with very fine rounded serratures ; each

elytron with three chestnut-brown patches formed of

deep punctures and scales, the first before the middle on

the disc, the second on the margin a little behind the

middle, the third still nearer the apex and close to the

suture, the three together forming a triangle of which

no two sides are equal, with an elongated oblique patch ~

close to the apex. Under side dark brown, with a bronzy

tint, rather coarsely rugulose, sparingly covered with

ashy-grey scales. Meso- and metasternum less strongly

rugulose. Abdominal segments very finely rugulose,

thickly covered with fine ashy-grey scales. Legs bronzy,

sparsely clothed with smaller scales. Length, 9 mm. ;

ereatest width, 4 mm.

Of this interesting species, the third and largest of

the genus yet described, only a single example was

taken. The form of the prothorax and structure of the

eyes are very peculiar. In Narcisa decidua, Pascoe, its

nearest ally, the superior eyes are not nearly so large

nor so close together; the anterior angles of the pro-

thorax in N. lynceus are not so prominent nor the sides

as strongly serrulate as in the other species; the

collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 179

posterior angles of the prothorax are strongly rounded.

The sides of the elytra are straight, whereas in N.

decidua they are flexuous. The third species, N. bi-

maculata, Gestro (Ann. Mus. Genov., xv., p. 59), is from

Sumatra, and differs, according to the description, in

having only one black patch on each elytron, and the

suture somewhat raised. There is no description of the

eyes, but it is stated that there is a tuft of scales on the

inner orbital margin of each of the superior ones: this

tuft exists in both the other species, although in N.

lynceus it is very small in comparison with that of

N. decidua.

Acrops, Dalman.

Acrops punctata, Fabr.

Appears to be common; the specimens vary from

32 mm. to 6 mm. in length.

Ancyrona, Reitter.

Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., xx., p. 77 (1876).

Ancyrona pryeri, 0. 8.

Subrotundate, a little longer than broad, much de-

pressed, rather dark dusky brown, moderately closely

covered with short, stiff, bristle-like, dirty yellow hairs,

which are hooked at the extremity. Head transverse,

embedded in an emargination of the prothorax. Antenne

brownish testaceous, club rather paler. Prothorax at

the base more than three times as broad as long, much

narrowed in front, finely and not very closely punctured,

more thickly so at the sides, rather strongly emarginate

in front, sides of the emargination oblique, anterior

angles nearly right angles, slightly blunted, sides gently

arcuate and finely margined, the margins very finely

serrulate, posterior angles somewhat acute. Scutellum

transverse, rounded behind. Elytra about twice as long

as the head and prothorax together, crenate-striate,

interstices broad, impunctate, and uneven; humeral

angles slightly rounded; sides broadly dilated at the

base, then gradually less and less dilated to the apex.

Under side sordid testaceous. Prosternum impunctate.

Abdomen with the penultimate segment rather strongly

and not very closely punctured, the last segment concave,

180 Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small

less strongly punctured. Tuibie and tarsi pitchy, the

tips of the claws black. Length, 44 mm.; width,

3% mm.

In form this species resembles the genus Latoleva,

Reitter (Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. xx., p. 75), the type of

which is the well-known Peltis ovalis, MacLeay, but in

the structure of the head and prosternum it agrees

best with Ancyrona.

LoPHOCATERES, 0. g.

Head nearly quadrate. Eyes rather small, lateral,

not prominent. Antenne 11-jointed, basal joint large,

with the inner angle much produced, 2nd joint short,

8rd rather longer, 4th to 7th transverse and very short,

last four forming a gradually elongated club, of which

the joints increase in breadth as they approach the apex.

Mandibles robust, inner margin straight, the apex

slightly incurved. Maxille with both lobes narrow and

sharply jointed, the inner much the shorter. Maxillary

palpi 8-jointed, the basal very small, the 2nd rather

longer, the 8rd longer than the 1st and 2nd together,

rounded at the apex. Labium with the anterior margin

rounded. Labial palpi 2-jointed, of which the apical is

somewhat the longer. Prothorax transversely quadrate,

rather strongly margined laterally. Hlytra about the

same width as the prothorax, depressed, covering the

abdomen, subparallel, with fine coste. Legs short and

slender ; tibize armed on their outer margins with short, -

sharp spines, the posterior tibize with a row of blunt

teeth at the base, slightly projecting over the 1st joint

of the tarsus, tibial spurs short; tarsi 5-jointed, the

basal very short, the 2nd and 38rd rather longer, the 4th

shorter, and the 5th nearly as long as the other four

together ; claws simple.

The fine but distinct costae on the elytra, the

gradual 4-jointed club of the antenne, and the peculiar

structure of the posterior tibiw, are characters which

will serve at once to distinguish this genus. Its exact

position must for the present remain doubtful, although

I have no hesitation in referring it to the subfamily

Peltine, and it should, I think, be placed near Hronyza,

Reitter (Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., xx. (1876), p. 88),

although differing widely from that genus,

collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 181

Lophocateres nanus, ni. 8.

Elongate, pitchy brown, somewhat shining. Head

finely and closely punctured at the base, rather more

strongly so in front. Epistoma separated from forehead

by a strongly impressed curved line. Prothorax twice

as broad as long, flattened above, finely and closely

punctured, slightly emarginate in front; sides reflexed,

with broad and rather paler margins, posterior angles

acute. Scutellum rather large, transverse, rounded

posteriorly, extremely finely punctured. Elytra more

than twice as long as the head and prothorax together,

suture very slightly raised, sides parallel for two-thirds

of their length, then gently arcuate to the apex, with

narrow reflexed margins; each elytron with six fine

cost, parallel and reaching to the apex, of which the

5th is the strongest, the 6th lateral, less distinct ; each

costa with a line of fine distinct punctures on each side.

Under side pitchy, very sparingly covered with fine

yellow pubescence. Prosternum with a few scattered

punctures. Mesosternum slightly rugulose. Meta-

sternum impunctate. Antenne and legs pitchy. Length,

34 mm.; width, 1+ mm.

COLYDIIDA.

BotHRIDERES, H’richson.

Bothrideres nocturnus, Pascoe.

Mr. Pryer obtained two examples of this rare species,

in one of which the prothorax is considerably more

narrowed behind than in the type, with which I have

compared it. This character may possibly prove to be

sexual; at any rate it is not sufficient to separate it

specifically.

CUCUJIDA.

Ancistria, Hrichson.

Ancistria retusa, Fabr.

A single specimen only.

182 = Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small

InopEPLuS, Smith.

Inopeplus borneensis, n. 8.

Black, shining. Head twice as broad as long, dis-

tinctly and closely punctured, with a well-marked longi-

tudinal impressed mesial line in front. Antenne with

the two basal joints pitchy. Prothorax in front broader

than long, strongly and obliquely narrowed behind, dis-

tinctly and rather closely punctured, anterior margin

slightly produced in the centre, sides gently rounded in

front. Scutellum transverse, rounded behind. LElytra

piceous, with a brassy tint, as long as the head and

prothorax together, at the base not quite as broad as the

prothorax, much broader behind, rather coarsely and

moderately closely punctured, humeral angles obtuse,

sides very finely margined ; apex of each elytron arcuate.

Abdominal segments finely and irregularly punctured,

sides regularly rounded. Legs pitchy, tarsi paler.

Length, 33 mm.; width of abdomen, 13 mm.

In the form of the head and prothorax this species

agrees best with Inopeplus terminatus, Waterh. (Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), iii., p. 214), and in the shape of the

elytra and abdomen with J. ephippiatus, Pascoe. It is,

however, at once distinguished from either of these

species by its unicolorous elytra and less strongly punc-

tured head.

PLATYCOTYLUS, N. g.

Head transverse. Hyes large, lateral, the greater

portion being visible from above. Antenne 11-jointed,

flattened, gradually thickening towards the apex, basal

joint short, 2nd rather shorter and narrower, 8rd a little

longer than the ist and thickening towards the apex,

4th to 7th equal in length and somewhat shorter than

the 3rd, 8th to 10th shorter and rather broader, apical

considerably longer and rounded at the apex. Mandibles

short, robust, and simple, with the inner margin slightly

sinuate before the apex. Maxille with the inner lobe

small, narrow, and rather finely pointed; outer lobe

nearly twice as long as the inner, much broader at the

apex than at the base; inner margins of both lobes

clothed with long bristly hairs. Maxillary palpi 4-

jointed, basal joint short and narrow, 2nd much longer

and broader at the apex than at the base, 8rd narrower

collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 183

and but little longer than the basal, 4th nearly as long

as the 2nd and pointed at the extremity. Labium small,

very slightly emarginate in front, clothed with a few

long hairs. Labial palpi 3-jomted, basal very small,

2nd much longer, 8rd a little longer than the 2nd,

thicker at the base than at the apex. Prothorax trans-

verse, with the anterior angles produced into sharp

points, the posterior angles slightly reflexed. Scutellum

transverse. Elytra depressed, subparallel, and covering

the abdomen, humeral angles obtuse, slightly produced

and reflexed. Legs unarmed; male with posterior tarsi

4-jointed, the other tarsi 5-jointed ; claws with a small

obtuse tooth in the middle.

This genus will come into the subfamily Cucwine,

as defined by Erichson, and must be placed near

Lemophleus.

Platycotylus inusitatus, n. s.

Shining black. Head strongly and rather closely

punctured. Antenne almost half as long as the entire

insect. Prothorax twice as broad as long, slightly con-

vex, considerably narrowed behind, margined all round,

very finely and moderately closely punctured ; anterior

margin scarcely sinuate, the angles acutely produced ;

sides rounded and slightly constricted before the base ;

posterior margin straight, with a feeble central im-

pression, the angles slightly produced and moderately

acute. Scutellum transverse, with a few fine irregular

punctures. EHlytra reddish brown, the suture black, the

sides dusky, about twice the length of the head and

prothorax together ; strongly punctate-striate, the inter-

stices slightly raised and extremely delicately punctured,

moderately broad, the 4th and 5th much narrower, the

6th costiform for two-thirds of its length ; with an elon-

gate triangular impression behind the scutellum, sides

very gently arcuate, rounded posteriorly. Legs pitchy

black. Length, 44 mm.; width, 13 mm.

Since writing this description I have received several

examples of this species from the 8. Andaman Islands.

Psamuacus, Latreille.

Psammecus hirsutus, n. 8.

Yellowish testaceous. Head thickly covered with large

and rather obscure punctuation. Antenne about half

the length of the entire insect, finely but distinctly

184 Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small

pubescent, with the 7th to 10th joints black. Prothorax

slightly wider than the head, one-quarter broader than

long, convex, closely and strongly punctured ; anterior

angles strongly rounded; sides subparallel, with eight

fine teeth and a few long bristly hairs ; posterior angles

rounded. LElytra at the base considerably broader than

the prothorax, gradually widening for two-thirds of their

length, then arcuately narrowed to the apex, rather

closely covered with fine yellow pubescence, which is

thicker towards the sides, very strongly punctate-striate,

the interstices raised, narrow, and smooth ; each elytron

with a broad lunate black marking just behind the

middle, extending from the suture to near the margin.

Length, 34 mm. ; width, 1 mm.

Allied to Psammecus (Telephanus) cruciger, Waterh.

(Ent. Mo. Mag., xiii., p. 125). The feebly-toothed, sub-

parallel, and bristly sides of the prothorax, pubescent

surface, and large size of this insect are characters

sufficient for its specific separation.

MYCETOPHAGIDA.

Litaraus, Hrichson.

Titargus exiguus, 0.8.

Elongate-ovate, pale reddish brown, covered with very

fine yellow pubescence. Head transverse, very finely

and closely punctured, upper orbital margins dark brown.

Prothorax as wide as the head in front, gradually widen-

ing posteriorly, convex, very closely and very finely ©

punctured, sides gently arcuate, anterior angles obtuse,

posterior slightly acute. Scutellum very small, rounded

behind. LElytra twice as long as the head and prothorax

together, narrowed behind, delicately and closely punc-

tured; each elytron with three large obscure brown

patches, one near the suture at the base of a triangular

shape, another just before the middle at the side, the

third and largest near the apex, with an indication of a

fourth near the suture a little before the middle. Antenne

and legs testaceous. Length, 2 mm.; width, 1 mm.

In form this species closely resembles Litargus tri-

fasciatus, Woll.; it differs, however, in being more

sparingly and finely pubescent, less strongly punctured,

of a darker colour, and in having six large brown patches

on the elytra.

collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 185

DERMESTIDA.

Drrmestes, Linné.

Dermestes cadaverinus, Fabr.

Numerous examples of this cosmopolitan species were

taken.

TrogopERMA, Latreille.

Trogoderma defectum.

Attagenus ? defectus, Walker.

As Walker’s diagnosis, ‘‘ Niger, pubescens, elytris sub-

tilissime punctatis apice ferrugineis. Long. 1 lin.,” is

insufficient for the identification of this species, which I

have compared with his type in the National Collection, I

here give a more detailed description of it :—

Ovate, pitchy black, somewhat shining, considerably

broader in front than behind, densely covered with short

black pubescence. Head slightly transverse, very finely

and closely punctured. Prothorax much broader than

long, finely and rather closely punctured on the disc,

more closely at the sides, anterior angles acute, sides

gently arcuate, posterior angles acute and very slightly

produced ; with a stripe of yellowish grey pubescence on

each side near the margin. Scutellum very small,

transverse, smooth. Elytra more than twice as long as

the prothorax, much narrowed behind, finely and closely

punctured, ferruginous, and less closely punctured

towards the apex; the shoulders not very prominent ;

the sides almost parallel for about two-thirds of their

length, then gradually rounded to the apex. Under side

pitchy ; the sterna polished and extremely finely punc-

tured, pubescent at the sides ; abdominal segments very

finely punctured, and clothed with very short and close

pubescence. Antenne and legs ferruginous. Length,

24 mm.; width, 1} mm.

This species was originally described from Ceylon.

OrnpHinus, Hrichson.

Orphilus oscitans, n. s.

Ovate, shining black, very convex, covered with rather

long yellowish pubescence. Head transverse, extremely

finely punctured. Antenne short, testaceous, except the

first two joints, which are dark brown ; basal joint large,

transverse, 2nd very slightly shorter, 3rd to 8th very

186 Mr. A. S. Olliff on Clavicorn Coleoptera.

small, 9th to 11th forming a compact club, of which the

apical joint is much the largest. Prothorax much

narrowed in front, very finely and closely punctured,

sides rounded, posterior angles acute. Scutellum trans-

verse, rounded behind, sparingly punctured. LElytra

rather broader at the base than the prothorax, very finely,

rather closely, and irregularly punctured, reddish brown,

with the basal quarter black, the black extending along

the suture to a little beyond the middle, with a dusky

spot near the margin on each side; shoulders very

slightly prominent ; sides arcuate, rounded behind. Legs

and tips of the claws black, tarsi testaceous. Length,

2mm.; width, 1} mm.

A very distinct species. I have seen another some-

what resembling it from Chili, which is, I believe, as yet

undescribed.

Cooksiieyy)

IX. Descriptions of new genera and species of

Hymenoptera. By P. Camron.

[Read April 4th, 1883.]

In this paper I have given descriptions of new species of

Hymenoptera from the Sandwich Islands, Brazil, and

Britain. For the Sandwich Islands species I am in-

debted to the Rev. Thomas Blackburn, who has done

such good work in investigating the entomological fauna

of these Isles. As our esteemed colleague has now left

the Sandwich Islands, there is no chance of my receiving

any more specimens ; so I purpose, in a future paper,

giving a complete catalogue of the Hymenoptera known

to inhabit tiie Archipelago.

CHALCIDIDA.

Epitranus lacteipennis, n. s.

Dark reddish testaceous; the head behind, more or

less of the lobes of the mesonotum, pleura, sternum,

metanotum, petiole for the most part, abdomen more or

less at the sides and above, coxe and femora in the

middle, blackish. Antenne not much longer than

thorax, becoming very gradually thickened towards the

apex, which is sharply conical ; the joints of the flagellum

blackish at the apex. Head obsoletely punctured, covered

with scattered silvery white short hairs; hind ocelli

situated’ on the edge of the head behind. Thorax

coarsely punctured : in the centre of the mesopleura is

a shining semi-oblique line; in front of this line the

pleura is obliquely striated. The scutellum is margined

behind, the border shortly projecting. Metanotum

reticulated, finely punctured. Petiole carinated at the

side, longitudinally striated. The 2nd abdominal seg-

ment is longer than the petiole ; its basal half is smooth

and shining, the apical finely punctured ; the posterior

coxe are not much shorter than the femora, which are

somewhat alutaceous, and, with the cox, are covered

TRANS. ENT, 80C¢. 1883,—PaRT II. (JUNE.) P

188 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new

with short pale hairs; the femora have nine short

blunt teeth, those at the apex being the shortest. Wings

a very little longer than the abdomen, lacteous ; ner-

vures pallid; cubitus almost obsolete. Length, 43 mm.

Hab. Oahu (No. 87).

MoranILa, 0. g.

Antenne inserted immediately over the mouth ; 2nd

joint thin and very little longer than 8rd; 38rd, 4th, and

5th subequal, produced at the apices above ; 6th a little

shorter, being broader than long; club long, thick,

longer than the three preceding joints together, appa-

rently 2-jointed. Head broader than the thorax, broadest

above, concave in front, the opposite behind. Eyes oval,

situated at the sides above close to the top, and almost

projecting behind ; front ocellus placed a little way down,

the two lateral on the edge behind; vertex without

sutures ; face projecting broadly between the antennae.

Pronotum broad, margined, narrower than the meso-

notum. Scutellum long, longer than broad, angled in

front at the sides, rounded behind, where it is much

wider than at the base. Petiole longer than broad,

thick; 2nd abdominal segment depressed in the centre

above, much longer than all the others together ; apex

acute. The abdomen, with the petiole, is not much

shorter than the thorax. Posterior coxe and femora

large. At the base of the abdomen, at the side, is a tuft

of white hair. Wings with the ulna curved ; tibize with

only one spur.

This genus comes near to Hunotus, Walk. (Megapelte,

Forst.), but is sufficiently distinguished from it by the

longer petiole, curved ulna, and longer prothorax (which

is sharply separated from the mesothorax at the sides).

Moranila testaceiceps, n. 8.

Head and abdomen smooth, shining, impunctate.

Thorax very finely punctured. Scutellum with a trans-

verse line close to its apical third, behind which line it

is smooth, shining, impunctate. Metanotum with scat-

tered punctures; petiole finely and closely punctured.

Head, thorax, and legs covered with white hairs. Abdo-

men fulvous. Scape, head, and legs testaceous ; tarsi

white ; flagellum dull fuscous testaceous. Thorax green ;

genera and species of Hymenoptera. 189

scutellum coppery behind the transverse line. Abdomen

violet. Wings hyaline, a large smoky cloud in the apical

half; humerus with a few scattered bristles. Length,

2mm.

Hab. Oahu (No. 55).

SoLINDENIA, 0. ¢.

Antenne 138-jointed, situated a little below the eyes;

2nd joint one-half of the length of the 3rd; 4th a little

longer than 8rd; 5th and 6th subequal; 7th a little

shorter ; 8th a little longer than 6th ; 9th a little shorter

than 7th; last jomt compressed strongly at the side,

becoming gradually thickened. yes pilose, oval, con-

verging at top, reaching to the back part of the head,

beyond which they project. Ocelli in a triangle; front

ridged above the antenne. Antennal sutures not very

deep. Head much broader than thorax, rather flat,

longer than broad. . Mesonotum margined at the side ;

scutellum broad at base, in front of it the mesonotum is

hollow to near the middle, and the hollow is continued

from there as two furrows to the pronotum. Scutellum

broad, almost transverse in front; behind it becomes

narrow and rounded. Metanotum hollow in the centre.

Base of abdomen hollow in the centre, margined at side ;

2nd segment incised at side, longer than 3rd ; 4th shorter

than it ; last rounded, oval, much longer than preceding.

Anterior femora broad at apex, flattened; middle slender ;

posterior stouter, narrowed at base. Middle tibiz longer

than tarsi, which are thickened, setose at base; meta-

tarsus not much longer than the apical jomt; spurs

three-fourths of its length; there is only one spur on

the tibia.

The hairy eyes and broad scutellum at base allies

this genus to Calosoter, but the front ridged at the

insertion of the antenne, setose tarsi, much longer and

converging eyes, readily separate it. Its nearest allies

are some undescribed neo-tropical forms.

Solindenia picticornis, n. 8.

Reddish testaceous, shortly pilose; head black above

the insertion of the antenne ; apex of mesonotum bluish;

metanotum more or less violaceous; pleura in front

fuscous. Abdomen broadly white at base, the apex

190 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new

testaceous; the rest fuscous-black. Legs pale tes-

taceous ; coxe, trochanters, and tarsi white; apex of

anterior tibiz and tarsi fuscous. Scape of antenne dull

testaceous; three basal joints of flagellum and club

black ; the rest white. Wings shorter than the abdomen,

smoky; the base more or less, an oblique mark at

cubitus, and one opposite it, hyaline. Length, between

3 and 4 mm.

Hab. Oahu (No. 84).

Eupelmus flavipes, n. 8.

Green ; thorax beneath, the sides above more or less,

and abdomen, coppery. Antenne black; scape more or

less testaceous beneath. Legs straw-yellow, the femora

somewhat darker ; posterior and anterior cox for the

most part coppery green ; middle pair coppery at extreme

base. The antenne are inserted a little below the level

of the eyes and become but very slightly thinner

towards the apex, and are covered with a microscopic

pile ; the 2nd joint is a little more than one-half of the

length of the 8rd, which is nearly of the same length as

the 4th; the 5th distinctly shorter; 6th a little shorter

than 5th; the 7th, 8th, and 9th become gradually

shorter ; the apical a little shorter than the three pre-

ceding together, sharply pointed at the apex, and appa-

rently composed of only one joint. The antenne are

nearly as long as the abdomen. Head and thorax

covered with longish black scattered hairs. Pronotum

and metanotum finely punctured. Abdomen shorter

than the thorax, depressed in the centre, narrowed at

base and apex, the latter rounded. Ovipositor a little

longer than the posterior tarsi, testaceous, black at base

and apex; apex of middle tibie distinctly thickened ;

middle metatarsus thickened, pilose beneath, shorter

than the succeeding joints together; the long spur

three-fourths of its length. Wings hyaline; cubitus

indistinct, pallid yellow; ulna fuscous; costa scarcely

pilose. Byes large, projecting and oe towards

the top. Length, 4—5 mm.

Differs from the ordinary Hupelmi in the eyes being

more converging above, and in the antenne not being so

thick, especially towards the apex. ‘The structure of the

thorax does not differ.

Hab. Oahu (No. 57).

genera and species of Hymenoptera. 191

EVANIIDA.

Evania sericea, n. s.

Black ; palpi, knees, anterior tibie, and tarsi obscurely

fuscous. Head and thorax coarsely rugose; petiole

longitudinally rugose, smoother at the base ; mesopleura

in front smooth, shining, impunctate, behind coarsely

reticulated ; breast covered with large shallow punctures.

Coxe finely rugose, smooth at base. Posterior femora

not much longer than thorax; tibie and tarsi armed

with short thick bristles; tarsi not much longer than

tibiz ; claws apparently simple. The head, thorax, and

legs at the base are closely covered with a white velvety

pubescence, which is longest at the sides. Abdomen

smooth, shining, compressed, shortly pilose at the sides.

Antenne longer than the body; the apex of scape

brownish. Wings hyaline; cubital and discoidal ner-

vures obsolete from the discoidal cellules, the upper of

which is not at all so broad in proportion to the lower

as itis in HE. levigata; the transverse humeral nervure

is interstitial, The mandibles have two short obtuse

teeth besides the large apical one. Length, 7 mm.

This species is apparently most nearly allied to E.

tasmanica, Westw., but the present species has not the

face longitudinally striated.

Hab. Oahu and Hawaii (No. 181).

ICHNEUMONIDA.

Limneria polynesialis, n. s.

Black ; tegule, trochanters at apex, and middle of four

posterior tibiz, yellowish white ; base and apex of four

posterior tibiae and femora reddish; anterior legs pale

testaceous, the tibie with a more yellowish tinge; pos-

terior tarsi infuscated. Abdomen on the under side at

the sides, and more or less above, reddish ; segmental

divisions yellowish white at the sides, and more or less

above on the three apical. Head and thorax semi-

opaque, finely punctured, covered (especially the face)

with a white pubescence. Super-median areola distinct,

semicircular ; the others are somewhat compressed ; pos-

terior median triangular at base, and extending to the

apex. Antenne as long as the thorax and abdomen,

black, obscure fuscous beneath. Terebra curved, a little

192 ' Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new

longer than the petiole, which is alutaceous. The abdo-

men is covered (especially the apex) with a pale pube-

scence. Wings hyaline; nervures and stigma pallid

testaceous; areolet complete, scarcely petiolated. Length,

5 mm., with terebra.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui, at an elevation of about

4000 feet (No. 101).

Limneria blackburni, n. s.

Black ; the mandibles, palpi, trochanters, knees and

tibize (except at base and apex), and spurs, yellowish

white; femora and base and apex of anterior tibie

reddish ; base of four posterior femora, base and apex of

posterior tibie, blackish ; coxe and base of trochanters

black; anterior tarsi fuscous; the base of the tarsal

joints pale. Abdominal segments at junction white ;

ventral surface at base yellowish. Head, thorax, and

coxe almost opaque, faintly punctured, covered with a

white pubescence, which is especially long on the face.

Abdomen semiopaque, very finely punctured ; terebra as

long as the four last segments together ; base of petiole

smooth, almost shining. The three basal areole of meta-

notum are less strongly punctured than the rest; the

superior median areola small, distinct, semicircular,

broader than long ; posterior median triangular at base ;

from that it contracts slightly, and ends about the

middle of the metanotum, where there is another field

longer and somewhat oval in form, which occupies the

rest of the middle space ; the posterior intermedian area

is semiobsolete, small; spiracular, large, wider at base

than at apex; at the base it becomes rounded and en-

larged. Wings hyaline ; areolet shortly stalked ; stigma

fuscous. Length, 6 mm.

Hab. Mauna Kea, Hawaii, at an elevation of at least

13,000 feet, on the snow near the summit.

The metathoracic fields are much more clearly defined

in this species than usual.

Ophion lineatus.

Luteous. Eyes, claws, and sheath of ovipositor

black. Wings hyaline; stigma pallid ferruginous,

darker round the edges ; nervures fuscous ; covered with

a short white pubescence. Mandibles deeply bidentate,

the apex blackish; fovez above face not very deep,

genera and species of Hymenoptera. 1938

longer than broad; covered with a white pubescence.

Antenne a little longer than the body. Mesonotum

almost shining, very finely punctured; mesonotum dis-

tinctly bordered all round ; from the tegule the carina

curves round to the scutellum, along the side of which it

goes to the end, the two keels converging as they do so,

but not joining; the apex of the mesonotum is also

bordered, and there is a lateral keel at the side of the

seutellum in front behind the fore wings. The meta-

notum is more pilose than the mesonotum ; it is finely

rugose all over; at the base is a waved indistinct furrow.

Abdomen covered with long, depressed, white hairs,

especially at the apex; the ventral surface is darker

than the rest. The long spur of the posterior tibie is

longer than the 2nd tarsal joint. Female and male.

Length, 13 mm.

Hab. WHawaii, Lanai (Nos. 71 and 114).

Ophion nigricans, n. 8.

Obscure black, covered all over with a close pale

pubescence, the orbits of the eyes before and behind

yellow ; the face, more or less of mesonotum, meta-

notum at base, pleure and sternum, brownish. Meso-

notum margined along the side to the end of the scu-

tellum, which is rugose. Metanotum finely rugose; at

the base is a striated furrow. Pleure finely punctured.

Coxe finely punctured; spurs thick, setose on under

side. Antenne somewhat shorter than the abdomen,

obscure brownish fuscous. Wings hyaline; nervures

fuscous ; stigma livid. Length, 19 mm.

Hab. Hawai (Nos. 129 and 1380).

Nematus bridgmanti, n. 8.

Black, shining, shortly pilose; labrum, clypeus,

tegule, apex of cox, trochanters in part, more or less

of femora, tibiz, and tarsi, white ; basal three-fourths of

femora broadly lined with black, posterior almost wholly

black; apex of posterior tibie and the tarsi faintly

fuscous. Wings hyaline; costa and stigma pallid

fuscous; extreme base of latter white. Antenne a

little longer than abdomen, moderately stout, tapering

slightly towards apex, covered with a microscopic pile.

194 “Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new

Vertex finely punctured, semiopaque, sutures distinct ;

antennal fovea large ; clypeus incised at the apex. Ovi-

positor short, not half the length of the abdomen ; sheath

almost glabrous; apex acute, projecting more on upper

than on lower side; tarsi shorter than tibie ; spurs

almost straight, more than one-third of the length of

metatarsus.

The male has the antenne longer and thinner, being

a little shorter than the thorax and abdomen: it is

almost glabrous. The stigma is fuscous, white at the

base. Length, nearly 1? lines.

In most of the specimens the 38rd joint of the antennz

is longer than the 4th, but in one it is shorter. The

8rd cubital cellule is irregular in shape; in some speci-

mens it is broader than long, in others slightly longer

than broad. The species has the greatest resemblance

to herbacee, but the darker-coloured stigma, much shorter

ovipositor, more acutely-pointed sheath (which is also

less hairy), and the femora more strongly marked with

black at the apex, readily enables it to be distinguished

from the alpine species. From N. crassispina it may be

known by the white mouth, longer tarsi and spurs (which

are almost straight), longer antenne, and by the stigma

not being unicolorous.

Mr. J. B. Bridgman bred this species from oval green

galls found on sallows at Brundall, but unfortunately he

did not take a description of them nor of the larve. No

doubt this omission will be rectified during the approach-

ing summer.

Nematus letus, n. 8.

Black; mouth and legs dirty white; the coxe at base,

posterior and middle femora almost wholly above and

beneath, the anterior in the middle, the apex of posterior

tibize and the tarsi, black; tegule black, the pronotum

close to them dull white. Wings hyaline ; nervures and

stigma dark fuscous, the costa paler. The body is broad,

and is covered closely with a short close pile; the head

and thorax almost opaque, very finely punctured all

over. The vertex is thick, and has the sutures very in-

distinct; the frontal area is not indicated. Clypeus

almost transverse at the apex. Antenne nearly as long

as the body, covered with a microscopic pile; the 3rd joint

is longer than the 4th; cenchri small. Abdomen not

much longer than the head and thorax together ; sheath

genera and species of Hymenoptera. 195

of saw large, projecting, covered with a dense pube-

scence ; the extreme apex of abdomen above dirty white ;

cerci small; the 3rd cubital cellule is a little longer than

broad ; the transverse median nervure is received nearly

in the middle of the cellule ; the wings are large, being

longer than the body. Length, 13 lines.

Agrees closest with N. scoticus, but is smaller, has the

antenne quite black, longer and thinner, the sutures on

vertex less deep, the mesonotum much more strongly

punctured. From the species of the mollis group, with

punctured mesonotum (see Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882,

p- 581), it may easily be known by its smaller size,

fuscous black stigma, longer and thinner antenne, shorter

and blacker cerci.

Hab. Mickleham, in May (Mr. T. R. Billups).

Acropiesta ? nigriceps, 0. 8.

Testaceous ; head black ; thorax darker than abdomen,

covered sparingly with longish white hairs. The antenne

are as long as the thorax and abdomen ; the 2nd joint is

half the length of the 3rd, which is thinner than it ; the

4th, 5th, and 6th are shorter and thicker than the 2nd,

but thinner than the succeeding, which are broader than

long, truncated at the apex, and rounded at the base;

the last conical, truncated at base, and longer than the

preceding. Sutures of mesonotum moderately deep,

issuing from a roundish wide fovea at base of scutellum.

Metathorax ending in a stout blunt spine at each side:

there is a ridge in the centre which bifurcates imme-

diately before the apex, each fork proceeding along to

the side. Petiole longer than broad, of uniform thick-

ness, as long as the metathorax: there is a slight ridge

at each side. Abdomen wider and longer than the

thorax ; the apical half is sharply contracted to a sharp

point ; the 7th segment is as long as the 8rd, 4th, 5th,

and 6th together. Wings narrow, not longer than the

abdomen. Length, 3 mm.

This may not be an Acropiesta, as that genus is said

to have the last antennal joint ‘‘ etwas keulformig

verdickt,” the first eight longer than broad, the four

following broader than long, and the last is as long as

the two preceding, which is not the case with the species

I have described. I should have placed it in Belyta, as

defined by Forster, if that genus had not the keel cleft

196 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new

in the middle instead of towards the apical third, as in

A. nigriceps. Ido not think, for my own part, that the

distinction between the latter and Belyta is of generic

value, being a mere question as to the place where the

keel on the metanotum commences to bifurcate.

Hab. Gloucester, in June.

Torymus prum, 0. 8.

Brilliant green; the pleure and coxe with a golden

iridescence ; the scape beneath and mandibles reddish

yellow; antenne and ovipositor black; coxe, four’

anterior femora behind, and posterior, except at extreme

base and apex, green; four anterior femora in front and

to some extent behind, and tibiz, yellowish testaceous ;

the tarsi white, black at the apex; posterior tibie tes-

taceous at extreme base and apex, the rest black ; spurs

white; posterior tarsi white, the three apical joints

black. The head, thorax, and apex of abdomen on

lower side are covered with a longish white pubescence ;

the legs and antennz have a shorter and closer pube-

scence. The head, thorax, and coxe are closely punc-

tured ; the abdomen is smooth and shining. The antenne

are thick; the 2nd joint is more globular than the other,

but still longer than broad ; the 8rd joint is longer than

the 4th, which is a little longer than broad ; the other

jomts are as broad as long, those near the apex are

broader than long ; the apex is slightly thickened. The

head is longer than broad ; the front is grooved on each

side for the reception of the scape of the antenne. The

wings are clear hyaline. The ovipositor is a little

shorter than the hinder tibie and tarsi.

The male has the scape green, the anterior femora

have more green behind than the female has, the antenne

are thicker, and the apical half of the abdomen is cop-

pery. Length, 3}—4} mm.

This species is closely allied to 7. viridis, but the

antenne are somewhat thicker, and in the male are

shorter, the hollow on the head in front is much deeper,

the head and thorax are much more hairy, the hair being

also longer, the ovipositor is longer, and the spurs shorter.

T. campanule, Cam., agrees with it closely, but may be

easily known by the ovipositor being longer than the

tibie and tarsi.

genera and species of Hymenoptera. UBS 7

Bred from the galls of ‘‘ Cecidomyia pruni,” Kalt.,*

found in Mugdock Wood, near Milngavie, the insects

emerging in August.

PARASIEROLA, 0. g.

This genus agrees with Sierola in the structure of the

humeral cellules, and especially in having a small oval

cellule at their end and close to the prostigma ; but it

differs from it in having the radial cellule quite open, as

in Goniozus. From the latter it may be readily known

by the presence of the above-mentioned oval cellule,

which is completely open on the lower side in the latter.

Compared with Sierola, the head is more produced and

narrowed in front of the antenne, and there is a distinct

carina, which is absent in the other, the keel on the

metanotum being also more distinct. The wings, too,

are shorter, being not much longer than the thorax.

Parasierola testaceicornis, n. 8.

Black; the antenne, knees, tibie, and tarsi, tes-

taceous ; the posterior tibie darker, almost fuscous ; the

apex of the antenne blackish. Head and thorax finely

shagreened, and bearing minute roundish punctures,

especially on the head and mesonotum. Abdomen

smooth, shining, impunctate: there is a blunt keel on

the centre of the metanotum, which ends where the

metathorax commences to slope; the slope is rather

abrupt. Prothorax more than two-thirds of the length

of the thorax ; its sides are perpendicular and somewhat

hollowed. The head projects beyond the antenne into a

sort of snout, and a distinct keel runs between them,

this keel originating close to where the eyes end. ‘The

femora are thickened, the anterior especially; the

anterior tibize are thicker than the others. Antenne

shorter than the thorax, stout, tapering towards the

apex ; the basal joint is much longer and thicker than

the others; the middle joints subequal; the last is

longer, a little longer than the 12th. Wings fuscous ;

nervures testaceous; stigma and prostigma fuscous.

Length, nearly 5 mm.

Hab. Brazil.

* Die Pflanzen-feinde, p. 175; F. Loew, Verh. z.-b. G. Wien,

EXV.j-plsi, 112-5.

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X. Notes on new or little-known species of Hymenoptera,

chiefly from New Zealand. By W. F. Kirsy,

Assistant in the Zoological Department, British

Museum.

[Read April 4th, 1883.]

I constpER the publication of isolated descriptions, un-

accompanied by figures, useful in the case of conspicuous

species, or species from restricted localities which are

not likely to be confounded with any others. In the

present paper I describe a few new species, conformably

to these simple rules, and take the opportunity to pub-

lish remarks on one or two species already known. The

types are all in the British Museum.

ACULEATA.

FOSSORES.

POMPILIDA.

Priocnemis Huttont.

Exp. al. 10 lin. ; long. corp. 6 lin.

Black; head and thorax more or less clothed with

golden yellow tomentum. Wings golden yellow; fore

wings with the tips slightly clouded, and with a brown,

slightly irregular, transverse band at about two-thirds of

their length. Antenne entirely black. Abdomen black ;

1st segment marked with red on the sides ; 2nd segment

red, with a black spot on each side at the base, and

two others on the back, at the hinder extremity. Legs

red; coxe, trochanters, base of front femora and extreme

base of middle femora, black.

New Zealand; collected by Capt. F. W. Hutton.

Closely allied to P. fugax, Fabr. (maculipennis, Smith),

but apparently distinct.

TRANS. ENT, soc. 1883.—PART II. (JUNE.)

200 My. W. F. Kirby’s notes on new or

Priocnemis xenos.

Exp. al. 8 lin.; long. corp. 4 lin.

Black ; face, prothorax, pleure, and scutellum clothed

with a whitish or pale golden pubescence, brightest on

the scutellum. Abdomen slightly attenuated towards

the base; coxe, trochanters, and more or less of the

base of the femora, black; tips of the latter, and the

tibia and tarsi, red; back of the two Ist segments of

the abdomen slightly marked with red behind. Wings

yellowish, especially towards the base.

New Zealand ; collected by Capt. F. W. Hutton.

Also allied to P. fugax, Fabr.

Priocnemis Pascoe.

Exp. al. 10 lin. ; long. corp. 6 lin.

Black; antenne yellowish grey beneath, a slight

greyish pubescence on the face and thorax. Legs, basal

half of the abdomen beneath, and hind border of the

1st segment, and the whole of the 2nd segment above,

rufo-testaceous ; coxe and trochanters black, except the

tips of the hind trochanters ; extreme tip of hind femora

black above. Wings hyaline, with yellowish brown

nervures and yellow stigma.

New Zealand ; communicated by F. P. Pascoe, Esq.

LARRIDA.

Larrada Cowant.

Exp. al. 14 lin. ; long. corp. 9 lin.

Black ; antenne dark red, shading into black beyond

the middle ; mandibles, front edge of mesothorax, and

of the 1st segment of the abdomen, tegule, and legs,

dark red; coxe above and at the base beneath, and

femora above, mostly black ; face, cheeks, and scutellum,

and a large spot below the hind wings, clothed with pale

golden pubescence. Wings strongly clouded with yellow,

and with reddish nervures ; tips dusky.

Madagascar ; collected by Rev. W. Deans Cowan.

Allied to LZ. aurulenta, Fabr., but rather shorter and

stouter, and differing slightly in coloration. The two

specimens described are not quite fresh,

little-known species of Hymenoptera. 201

CRABRONIDA.

TARANGA, 0. g.

Apparently allied to Pemphredon, but more of the shape

of Priocnemis. Head about as broad as the thorax ;

antenne inserted in the middle of the face; eyes very

large, reniform, and rather deeply notched just above the

antenne. Abdomen subsessile. Legs moderately stout ;

all the tibiz with a pair of strong apical spurs; cubital ©

cell rather long and narrow, not appendiculated, two

complete subcubital cells, the Ist three times as long

as broad, and slightly narrowed at the base, the

2nd half as long as the Ist below, but much narrower

above, the 2nd transverse-cubital nervure running in-

wards at an acute angle, and curving slightly inwards

towards its extremity ; 1st recurrent nervure very oblique,

curving slightly upwards towards its extremity, and

received by the 1st subcubital cell at fully four-fifths of

its length ; the 2nd recurrent nervure forming a half-

circle outwards, and received by the 2nd subcubital cell

close to its base.

Taranga dubwa.

Exp. al. 8 lin. ; long. corp. 5 lin.

_ Black ; head and thorax clothed with grey hair, shading

into silvery on the face and cheeks, femora and tibiz

with silvery grey pubescence, and segments of the abdo-

men narrowly edged with the same behind. Wings

hyaline, dusky towards the tips, with piceous nervures.

New Zealand ; communicated by F. P. Pascoe, Esq.

202 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s notes on new or

PUPIVORA.

ICHNEUMONIDZ.

PIMPLIDES.

Rhyssa semipunctata.

Exp. al. 12—18 lin.; long. corp. 64—10 lin.; ovi-

ductus 4—74 lin.

Red; antenne shading into blackish beyond the

middle ; often entirely blackish above, except for a space

of about four joints considerably before the middle; 1st

four segments of the abdomen (except the base of the

1st) black; a large yellow spot on each side of the 1st

segment in front, and another behind; a yellow spot on

each side at the back of each of the three other black seg-

ments ; ovipositor black ; fore wings smoky hyaline, with

black nervures, and deeply tinged with purple towards

the base ; hind wings clear hyaline, with black nervures ;

hind tarsi, except the last joint, darker than the femora

and tibiz.

Australia; New Zealand.

CHALCIDIDA.

TORYMINZ.

Callimome antipoda.

Exp. al. 2 lin.; long. corp. 1 lin.

Greenish blue, coarsely punctured, and with golden

reflections on the sides. Antenne brown. Legs brownish

yellow ; upper surface of the coxe and outside of the ~

femora green. Wings subhyaline, with yellow nervures ;

cubitus brown, hook-shaped ; ovipositor about as long as

the abdomen.

Lindis, New Zealand. Collected by Capt. F. H.

Hutton.

TEREBRANTIA.

SIRICIDA.

XIPHIDRIINZA,

Derecyrta flavipes, Phil.

The female is considerably larger than the male (exp.

al. ¢ 8 lin.; ? 18 lin.), and the legs are entirely fulvous,

except the coxe and trochanters. ‘The hind tibiz in both

sexes are armed with one or perhaps two very slender

little-known species of Hymenoptera. 208

middle spurs, a character which allies this species to

Megalodontes, but which I do not notice in any other

Derecyrta or Brachyxiphus.

TENTHREDINIDA.

SELANDRIIN.

CacosyNnpDya.

Pompholyx, Freym., Protocole d’Antr.-Mose., viii.,

p- 217 (1870), nec Lea, 1852 (Mollusca). Type,

Pompholyx dimorpha, Freym.

This genus is remarkable among the Tenthredinide

for its having an apterous female, and I have therefore

given it a name alluding to the disparity of the sexes.

EMPHYTIN&.

Aneugmenus Thwaitesii.

Exp. al. 4 lin.; long. corp. 2 lin.

Black ; antenne 10-jointed, the joints well separated,

the 2nd, 4th, and 7th of equal size, the 8th, 9th, and

10th gradually smaller and slenderer, the 3rd and 5th

twice as long as the 2nd, &c., and the 4th half as long

again as the 2nd. Head and abdomen punctured ;

thorax smooth and shining. Legs blackish brown, set

with short bristles ; tarsi whitish yellow; claws brown.

Wings dusky hyaline, with piceous nervures, and covered

with short hairs.

Ceylon ; collected by the late Dr. Thwaites. The de-

scription is somewhat incomplete, owing to the specimen

being carded.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1888.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) Q

i ane Nay

Seatiiemariet

ate OM bas

he ae ie Aviat ae “ie Abs

Bi I Ye ied coe Ga .:

inih oie Bh) Hitew 8 ae MATa, Vite pees

egy 54 RNS ay oa ts ae gang Roh

eft cfileeha Atty dt iaetat A; ay ties

‘Sia t ab Hi crea

; . t ~v

( 205 )

XI. Supplement to the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan,

chiefly from the collection of Mr. George Lewis, made

during his second visit, from February, 1880, to

September, 1881. By H. W. Batss, F.R.S., F.L.S8.

[Read June 6th, 1883. ]

Puates XII. and XIII.

Durine his second visit to Japan, in 1880 and 1881, Mr.

Lewis made an extended tour through the islands, and

collected industriously, with the aid of his Japanese

assistants, in the central and northern parts of the main

island and in the southern part of Yezo, as well as in

the southern provinces, where most of his material

was obtained on the former occasion. The map

appended to the present paper and the itinerary

at the end of these introductory remarks will enable

the reader to form a better idea of the extent of

his excursions through the islands than could be given

by a detailed description. The result of his labours, as

far as relates to the Geodephaga, is the discovery of 118

new species, besides the detection of a number previously

‘known from other regions, but not from Japan, which,

with a few discovered by other collectors, enable me to

-add 159 species* to the list of the Geodephaga given in

my first paper, ‘‘On the Geodephagous Coleoptera of

Japan,” published in these Transactions for the year

18738, pp. 219—822. The following is a list of the species

to be added to that given in the paper above referred to :—

CICINDELIDA. NEBRIINE.

Cicindela Niohozana. Nebria Lewisi, Bates.

a5 ovipennis. », Sadona.

3 novitia. » s@viens.

5 Niponensis. me Repecde

(= Sumatrensis, Herbst, var.). 5, Japonica.

», Cchalceola.

CARABIDA. » Snowi.

ELAPHRIN”. 5» _jamata, Mots.

Elaphrus dauricus, Mor. Leistus crassus.

sn ALeCtO.

* Including the ‘‘ Additions to the List of Geodephagous Cole-

optera of Japan,” by myself, in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 1,

and a species described by Mr. Lewis in Ann. & Mag., Dec., 1879.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PaRT III. (AUG.) R

206

Leistus prolongatus.

5, obtusicollis.

», subeneus.

Carabus telluris, Lewis.

(= granulatus, L., var.).

=n Yezoensis.

es Vanvolxemi, Putz.

» conciliator, Fisch.

» Meander, Fisch.

» aquatilis.

» arboreus, Lewis.

“9 exilis.

As tenuiformis.

as gracillinus.

an Fujisanus.

5 porrecticollis.

ms opaculus, Putz.

A Gehinii, Fairm.

Damaster capito, Lewis.

Calosoma Chinense, Kirby.

ScARITIN2E.

Dyschirius Yezoensis.

as glypturus.

BrRoscinz.

Broscosoma elegans.

PANAG HINA.

Peronomerus fumatus, Schaum.

rs auripilis.

CHLENIINE.

Chlenius prostenus.

HARPALINE.

Ophonus constrictus.

Harpalus vicarius, Har.

leptopus.

“§ chlorizans.

a fuliginosus, Dufts.

.. flavitarsis, De}.

7 vartipes.

Stenolophus connotatus.

es agonoides.

Acupalpus marginatus, Lucas.

Tachycellus subditus, Lewis.

AMARIN2E.

Bradytus macros.

Amara Zimmermanni, Putz.

(=chalcites, Zim., var.).

,, striatella, Putz.

(= chalcites, Zim., var.).

PTEROSTICHINE.

Morio Japonicus.

Trigonognatha aurescens.

Allotriopus hoplites.

Hypherpes colonus,

Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Pterostichus macrogenys.

a pachinus.

asymmetricus.

Pp spiculifer.

- mirificus.

A polygenus.

os sejunctus.

FA defossus.

oh leptis.

ambigenus.

”

Platysma oblongopunctata, Fab.

Lagarus nimbatidius, Chaud.

» dulcis.

Pecilus prolixus.

(=fortipes, Chaud. var. ?)

Stomis prognathus.

ANCHOMENINE.

Eucalathus colpodoides.

Crepidactyla melantho.

Trephionus Nikkoensis.

Anchomenus subovatus, Putz.

3 vestus.

P calleides.

a5 sculptipes.

. suavissimus.

a Ogure.

se charillus.

Colpodes Bentonis.

“5 mutator.

> integratus.

iA astictus.

5 amphinomus.

“8 limodromoides.

a elainus.

bs chloreis.

33 Hakonus, Har.

», speculator, Har.

“ aurelius.

$ rubriolus.

Euplynes Batesi, Har.

PERIGONINE.

Perigona acupalpoides.

» discipennis.

sinuata.

> tachyoides.

PoGoNINE.

Pogonus Japonicus, Putz.

TRECHINE,

Trechus discus, F.

» +«oreas.

», punctatostriatus, Putz.

>» vicarius.

BEMBIDIINE.

Tachyta nana, Gyll.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan.

Tachys scydmenoides, Nietn.

» reflexicollis.

» euglyptus.

Cillenum Yokohame.

Lymneum quadri-impressum, Mots.

Bembidium varium, Ol.

207

DryPtinm.

Drypta fulveola.

Dendrocellus geniculatus, Klug.

BRACHININ®”.

Brachinus eneicostis.

A articulatum, Panz.

a pediscum. CoPprToDERINE.

i Sturmii, Panz. Catascopus ignicinctus.

% wanthocera. Lioptera erotyloides.

4) tetraporum. Coptodera Japonica.

a aureofuscum. a subapicalis, Putz.

y pliculatum. Mochtherus luctuosus, Putz.

ae lucillum. Dolichoctis ornatellus.

- amaurum.

o Nikkoense. DRoMIINE.

ca elongatum, Dej. Dromius campanulatus.

$3 cnemidotum. i breviceps.

” oxyglymma. » erassipalpis.

ra eurygonum. Blechrus glabratus, Dufts.

A sanatum. ss maurus, Sturm.

i semiluitum. Metabletus 4-punctatus, Schmidt-

- chloreum. Goeb. ?

rp misellum, Har. Demetrias marginicollis.

“1 leucolenum.

5: pogonoides. PHYSODERINE.

rs eneipes. Lachnoderma asperum.

” chloropus.

- striatum, F. PENTAGONICINE.

Pentagonica angulosa.

HEXAGONIINE.

Trigonodactyla insignis. LEBIINE.

Lebia duplex.

ODACANTHIN2. » sylvarum.

Casnonia litura, Schmidt-Goeb. », Lolanthe.

” egrota.

The number of species contained in the original list

was 244, but three of these (Calosoma nikado, Pterostichus

Japonicus, and P. tropidurus), having been proved to be

synonyms of others in the list, must be deducted,

leaving the number 241, which, added to the 159 now

added, make a total of 400.* The changes and rectifi-

cations to be made in the former list consequent on

later observations, the institution of new genera and so

forth, are as follow :—

Notiophilus impressifrons, Mor. (nec

Chaud.).

= Niponicus, Lewis, Cat. Coleop.

Jap.

Calosoma mikado,

= Maximowiczi, Mor.

Panageus singularis.

= Tinoderus id., Chaud.

Chlenius hospes.

= posticalis, Mots., Chaud.

Chlenius subhamatus.

= biguttatus, Mots., Chaud.

* Some few single specimens taken by Mr. Lewis remain unde-

scribed ; these would bring the total to about 406,

208

Chlenius culminatus.

=nigricans, Wiedm., Chaud.

Harpalus levicollis (nec Dufts.).

= congruus, Mots.

Harpalus Japonicus.

=rugicollis, Mots.

Harpalus argutoroides.

= Oxycentrus id., Chaud.

Harpalus relucens.

= Tridessus id., Bates.

Harpalus zabroides (nec. Dej.).

= corporosus, Mots.

Harpalus lucidus.

= TIridessus id., Bates.

Pristonychus eneolus.

= Eucalathus id., Bates.

Pristodactyla cyclodera.

= Crepidactyla id.

TRECHICHINE.

— PERIGONIN®E.

Trechichus Japonicus.

= Perigona Japonica, Bates, Putz.

Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Pecilus planicollis, Mots. ?

=encopoleus, Solsky.

Pecilus lepidus, nec F.

= fortipes, Chaud.

Pterostichus microcephalus (nec

Mots.).

= Lagarus nimbatus, Mor.

Pterostichus Japonicus, Mots.

= prolongatus, Mor.

Pterostichus tropidurus.

= prolongatus, Mor.

Bembidium cognatum, Mor. (nec

Dej.).

= B. consentaneum, Munich Cat.

Crepidogaster bicolor (nec Boh.).

= Styphromerus Batesi, Chaud.

Dromius quadraticollis (nec Mor:).

=prolixus, Bates.

Paraphea signifera.

—Anchista binotata, Dej., Chaud.

Cymindis pictula.

= Uvea id., Fauvel.

Triplogenius cwprescens.

= Trigonognathaid., Mots., Bates.

With regard to the relations of the Geodephagous

Fauna of Japan to that of other countries, the new

material does not supply any facts to overthrow, or even

to essentially modify, the views put forward in the

Introduction to the paper of 1873. But though it can

no longer be pleaded that our knowledge of the Japanese

fauna in this department is too lmited to justify any

conclusions being drawn regarding its relations—for 400

species cannot be very far off the total number, seeing

that our well-explored islands furnish only 311—our

much less complete knowledge of the corresponding part

of the faunas of Kastern Asia compels us to be cautious

in our generalisations. We cannot, for example, accept

as a final conclusion the large proportion of peculiar

genera which the present state of our knowledge gives

to Japan; although the later discoveries have not

diminished it, the number in 1873 having been nine

genera peculiar out of a total of 84, whilst now we find

11 out of a total of 114. ‘Two of the former nine have

since proved to be not confined to Japan, but found

elsewhere, reducing the number to seven; but, on the

other hand, four new endemic genera have been dis-

covered. Nor can we determine with any degree of

certainty, or even discuss to any good purpose, the

question—To what part of the Asiatic mainland is Japan

most nearly related in the temperate elements of its

fauna? ‘The great majority of the species of North

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 209

Temperate facies or affinities are peculiar, as far as

we at present know, to Japan, and those which

are not peculiar are as often Chinese species (found

in the regions of the lower Yang-tsze, or more to

the south) as they are East Siberian. The strong

tropical element which constitutes the most striking

feature of the Japanese insect fauna is confirmed by

the new material; 380 of the now-known Japanese

genera of Geodephaga being found elsewhere only in the

tropics, chiefly in the Indo-Malayan region. The

Palearctic relations have, on the other hand, been

strengthened by the discovery of several genera highly

characteristic of that great province, such as Hlaphrus,

Leistus, Ophonus, Stomis, Cillenwn, Lymneum, and

Blechrus, besides the somewhat less strictly Palearctic

Pogonus, Broscosoma, Metabletus, and Demetrias.

The peculiarly Palearctic (or rather North-Temperate)

genera found in Japan are fewer in number than the

Tropical, being 18 only, but of the remaining genera of

the fauna, 58 in number, the contained species are

more nearly related to North-Temperate forms of the

same genera than to those of other parts of the world ;

this may be said to be the case in Carabus, Anchomenus,

Harpalus, and many others, though in such genera as

Cicindela, Chlenius, Lebia, and others, the specific

tropical element is undoubtedly of importance.

The prevailing character of the Japanese fauna in the

great section of the Coleoptera to which this paper refers

is, however, North Temperate. This is to be expected

from the latitude and geographical position of the

islands, but the large proportion of tropical genera and

species is most remarkable, and forms a problem in

geographical distribution of great interest and difficulty.

Some of the species are at present known only from

distant countries like Java, Burmah, and Assam—not

allied, but identical species; others, including two

genera (T'aicona and Amphimenes), are peculiar, as far

as we know, to Japan. Whether this element in the

fauna was derived directly from the distant south by

oceanic currents, or vid the Philippines, Formosa, and

the Loo Choo Archipelago, or again vid the mainland of

China, it is waste of time to discuss in the present state

of our knowledge. Tropical forms of other groups of

animals are known to range into temperate latitudes in

Eastern Asia, but most of the tropical species of Japanese

210 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Geodephaga are not known to occur in intermediate lati-

tudes in China or in the islands just mentioned. Whether

this absence is real, or due only to our want of know-

ledge, and whether, if real, the absence has been brought

about by the destruction of the primitive forests

of China, many of the tropical species being forest

forms, must be left for decision to the time when the

smaller species of Coleoptera in China shall have been

collected with the same completeness as Mr. Lewis has

done those of Japan.

Mr. G. Lewis’ Irrnerary (1880—1881).

Approx. altitude in figures (feet). Brackets indicate the chief excursions.

Italics trained native collector sent at date.

1880.

Feb. 27.—Yokohama (Tokio), sea-level, until ...........0006 Mar. 16

Mar. 17.— Miyanoshita, 1890 (Kiga, 1390; Ashinoyu,

BULL) jhe site ug seeds dawitns apps eaiinas emainn deeee her Pnaeeers ree al)

» 20.—Yokohama (Bukenji, Oka, Kawasaki, Tokio,

Kadzusa, Yokosuka, Oyama, 4100)............ April 14

April 15.— Miyanoshita, 1890 (Odawara, Tonosawa, 466 ;

DSTO HAM LAG) | indolent aasencdevon dasvadetes teses dese i; YG

5, 17.—Hakone, 2424 (Gongensama Temple, 2474)... ,, 19

,, 20.—Suyama (base of Fujisan, Mishima, 59)......... ag ee

», 23.—Hakone, 2424 (elevated forests to the south,

about 2788 feet).

», 24.—Miyanoshita, 1390 (Kiga, 1891; Ojigoku, 4101 ;

Miyagino, 1493; and Shinyuba, 2280; Oyu)..May 3

May 4.—Subashiri, 2723 (Otomi- -toge, 3307; Gotemba,

1529; Fujisan, 12,360, to 3rd rest house,

Kawaguchi PAKEY Sah tiae dacs cusieagaccoakecetateteee SEO

», 11.—Miyanoshita, 1390 (Oyu and Shinyuba, 2280).. ,, 14

Elevated forests above Atami, 4692, and Yugashima, 1 in Idzu,

7 days.

» 15.—Yokohama (Enoshima, Bukenji, Tokio)......... Ae 8)

» 24.—Oyama, in-Sagami, 4100 <...........cceseseeseeeees Pnez 40,

Sy TV OKO MATIN ss. L ich as cc ace bvatentaccwvedweseeeuetecdes Ps:

June 1.—Tokio.

5 2%—Koga.

5 98—Nikko, 2329 (Chiuzenji, 4272; Nantaizan, 8188;

INTOHOTAM tS EE:) foscerocasceaathe Set eea eee eee care June 21

», 22.—Nowata, on the Watarasegawa.

Tsukuba yama, 8609, 4 days.

¥ (28e-=VYokohania, amd GODUTDS s..csceidesss.scasedececs vances July 5

July 6.—Steamer to Hokkaido.................scsecsesseecoees Z 8

5, 9.—Hakodate.

,, 18.-Junsai Lake, beyond Nanaye (Suwaratake or

KC OMATTOPAKES PA (AD) cececsjadcoseccseccdecerceoeee cet al nal

18.—Hakodate (Ono, Akagawa, Nanaye) ............ ike

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 211

Kakkumi, 3 days; Matswmai, 3 days.

July 28.—Junsai Lake (Nanayeyama) ............cseseeeeeees July

Peay 10 E Dea Cael UO ie ain caiiavins' oes ashlee veaculgnaweseerneateauasersics Aug.

BUS) 8.— DtOather tO ObATU . '...s.0rcsescansnsesaneantes eenecesse 7m

Pe BOLO cascada ncase osu cssensesnce ese ccantrartareenttenets 3

», 16.—Bibi.

» 17.—Tomakomai.

;, 18.—Shiraoi.

Bere eT TO LOM OUSUnces sbces aso case cece cesses sceenerteucteanenice %

5, 21.—Mororan.

5, 22.—Steamer to Mori.

Pee EUKOUAUE © Uavcsed wee cc enabe cececaccodessestenetneaecnes *

Junsai, 3 days.

», 930.—Steamer to Awomori.

55 ol.— Hirosaki ([wakisan, 4921)..........00isecsccoessenee Sept.

Sept. 2.—Awomori (Soma, Tashironoyu, Yakotasan,

BOO A SRE in veccavescapicnascccscecassedess se Fe

s5, 1 £0 Hakodate (AAG WA) sac .ccutaesecesecucccsesssecctes Oct.

Junsai, 2 days.

19.—Awomori, Tsudzureko,Akita, Sakata, Niigata,

ISDAOMINGUGCOT 1 cusdecatvcesvssecdecedacbteddeetesy sve .

Oct. 10.—Awomori and Kominato.

», 11.—Shichinohe.

Fe) LOK ANTIGMC Sad cbdddeceetonceateterecetocccencedceueosesces .

», 14.—Ichinohe.

», 15.—Morioka.

,, 16.—Hanamaki.

», 17.—Midzusawa (Kitakamigawa).

», 18.—Kannari.

», 19.—Furukawa.

se AO —=$SONGAls LOO) csadersavessteceveceteseaocrvecretsseseesesees +

», 23.—Fujita.

», 24,—Fukushima (Motomiya).

» 25.—Koriyama.

26.—Shirakawa.

», 27.—Koyebori.

», 28.—Yaita.

D9 NialekGst B29 Voc ccsaeteessnieaevcndiseveetecessecetesere a

Nov. 1.—Utsunomiya, 384.

» 2—Tokio.

B= VOROMAINAL sacdeeechae es vise oseiccwices eucioheseheseieeawens Nov.

Motomura, on Oshima or Vries Island, 5 days.

Dec. 20.—Miyanoshita, 1390 (Uyenoyu, Shinyuba, 2280)..Dec.

1881.

ane lV OKOMAIMA,. UNE. tscccevcessspssionsearceenesses veeceeecs Feb.

Feb. 10.—Steamer to Nagasaki, vid Suwonada.

13.—Nagasaki (Tomatzu, Ipongi, Nita, Mitsudake,

1600; Tagami, Kompira, Suwa Temple,

Akonora, Inasa, Mogikoba, Shimabara, Un-

sentake, Utsutsukawa, Mogi, Aba, Fukuda,

MaRS GNEN)! Soerecetaptensaasesscvec ess ovesoncceeaseqcum April

ce}

212 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Goka, 1500, in Kwmakuni, 17 days.

Oyayama, near Kumamoto, 13 days.

April 22.—Steamer to Kumamoto, in Higo.

», 23.—Kumamoto (Goka Temple), 42 ...........scseeseeee April 26

9) 00 ——Y BUSSE | Gowan cegnrseseeroae te rMinansnevnsecdeeeaamre ee

5, 29.—Konose, 800, on the Kumagawa.

,, 80.—Ichiuchi or Ikenoshimo, 900 (Higashimata) ...May 2

May 3.—Hitoyoshi, 1200 (Rakuwayama, 2200; Oguma).. ,, 8

» 9.—Kuroheiji, 1300.

», 10.—Yuyama, 3000 (Ichibosayama, 5000) .........+.. ne neal

», 15.—Hitoyoshi, 1200 (Oguma, 2000).........cscscceeeees zy HE

,, 18.—Konose, 800.

,, 19.—Yatsushiro.

Yuyama, 7 days.

gs) emia oti yt spesaseisza ie essaasatedenk «roaee een yer |

5) ) PPS RBBIET: (Urn caceadsisss sant pneesmatendne cp otacteesn de June 38

June 4.—Steamer to Kobe, vid Shimonoseki............... y 5

» 6.—Kobe (Hiogo, Minatogawa, Sannomiya, Mai-

Niece Uo) ike dosent Gert aan ebrcce enor ceerne snes 33 9

53 LOSER O10: (NSB) Bank etd Bn cevahaasaaseos poeaeuiaaaeeencs enn

13.—Through Nara; crossing Yodogawa and Lake

of Ogura, to Nikaido, in Yamato.

14.—Left Nikaido, passing Yani and Tosanomachi

to Natsumemura and Kamiichi, 613.

15.—Kashiwagi, ? 2000 (Omine, 5643; Nishimura,

Odaigahara, Ikenchaiya, and main road to

INI GUN 5 ss evecacsievaussassss sacs aves eaneanraatese meme e

i» , 26-—NaraiQ@s5) © <.. Amcrcesuace tnactes ate oat een eee July

July 1.—Ogura Lake, 120.

pe ND RIO EO MUO). partes ates exmennics suveepeuinen deen eeoiieidemae st B

» 5.—Otsu (Biwa Lake, 240).

» 6.—Osaka (Tsumiyoshi, Sakai) ...........scecesseeceee 5s

ge DIK Db) cc. sce cpasene cn sacle mab eageesnennaecsentosaetshiies cen a

20.—Otsu, 240 (Mayebara, Samegai).

», 21.—Shinkano.

22.—Hosokute (Kisogawa).

» 23.—Nataksugawa.

» 24.—Tsumago.

» 25.—Agematsu.

eG =P UKUAMAMA? 5. bcaenesciptesasdasapssessmes bones deer seme

Ontake, 10,000, 2 days.

29.—Yagohara (Torii toge, 4016).

30.—Seba (Shiwojiri toge, 2503).

5, 31.—Shimonosuwa (Suwa Lake, Akinomiya).

Aug. 1.—Wada toge, 5578.

2.—Mochidzuki.

3.—Oiwake, 3510.

4,—Kurigahara (Usui toge, 4002) ...........-.seeeeeee

7.—Matsuida.

a 8.— Fukui.

oF 9.—Niregi.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 213

Aug. 10.—Nikk6, 2329 (Imaichi, Niohozan, 7874) ......... Aug. 18

19.—Chiuzenji (Nantaizan, 8188; Yumoto, 5013)... ,, 24

», 25.—Nikk6, 2329.

», 26.—Ashiwo.

» 27.—Omama.

5, 28.—Mayebashi.

29.—Numata, 1417 (Yubiso).

», 80.—Buno, 3008.

», 31.—Shimidzu toge, 5184.

Sept. 1.—Muikamachi, 554.

», 2.—Nagaoka, 72.

», 98.—Sanjo, 65.

4:—Niigata (Shinanogawa) ...ss..0.cercseeieecseceoacers Sept. 16

Sado (Kinpokusan, 1600), 18 days.

», 17.—Nagaoka.

», 18.—Horinouchi.

19.—Urasa, 440; and Seki, 810.

20.—Futai (Nakano toge, 2800)............scesscesceceess aA) eal

22.—Yunoshiku (Mikuni toge, 4200).

23.—Shibukawa.

24.—Kumagai.

ile Gar anaau ches nc stot nathurieta sv usnssesccesdscreve cco ous SUCH

The four principal islands of Japan or Dai-Nipon are:—Kiushiu,

Shikoku, the main island (which has no native name), and Yezo.

Hokkaido includes Yezo and the Kurile Islands.

Smaller islands from which specimens were obtained are :—Tsu-

shima, Tanegashima, Amakusa, Oshima (Vries) and Sado.

A few specimens were obtained from Fusan, an open port in

Chosen (Korea).

When no altitudes are given the places are usually at, or a little

above, sea-level, and have not been measured.

CICINDELIDA.

Cicindela Niohozana.

Quoad formam C. sylvatice similis, supra cupreo-

fusca fere ut in C. hybrida, elytris utrinque lunula inter-

rupta humerali, fascia parum obliqua valde angulata

maculaque rotundata submarginali ante apicem, flave-

scenti-albis, elytris passim haud profunde punctatis

(punctis viridescentibus) et in interstitiis granulatis;

labro albo, fere sicut in C. gallica sed longiori,

medio basi valde convexo, antice medio longe pro-

ducto, maris dente mediana valida, margine flexuoso,

versus angulum antico-lateralem sinuato, foem. antice

214 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

medio obtuse tridentato; palpis metallicis. Long. 16

mm. 4; °°.

Mt. Niohozan ; flies like C. Japonica.

In colour and sculpture of the elytra this species,

according to the description, must greatly resemble

C. Sachalinensis of Morawitz; but it cannot be the same,

as it is much nearer C. Japonica than C. gallica and

sylvicola, with which latter alone Morawitz compares

his species, and the form of the median fascia ‘‘ more

transverse’ than C. gallica, besides the position of the

subapical spot, which he terms ‘“‘ marginal,’ whereas it

is remote from the margin, do not agree. The sculp-

ture of the elytra agrees with Morawitz’s description, as

far as the mixture of shallow punctures and obtuse

granules goes, but there are in addition distinct traces

of the rows of larger punctures characteristic of the

C. sylvatica group, of which Morawitz makes no mention ;

these punctures are very distinct along the basal de-

pression on each elytron, but distinct traces also exist of

the longitudinal row towards the suture. The under side of

the thorax and the femora, with the sides of the basal ven-

tral segments, are coppery red, scarcely shining, the rest

of the abdomen and the legs brassy green; the sides of the

sterna and the femora are clothed with coarse hair. The

median fascia of the elytra is similar to that of C. sylvatica,

with the important difference that it bends in the middle

at a much more acute angle, and the inner part, or hook,

dips down more and is much narrower than the outer or

marginal part.

Cicindela ovipennis. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 1).

Species singularis, elytris elongato-ovatis humeris

nullis thoraceque elongato. Supra obscure rufo-cuprea,

viridi-micans, elytris marginibus letius cupreis, fascia

brevissima mediana (a margine laterali distante) plus

minusve curvata, transversim posita maculaque mar-

ginali ante apicem (interdum extus per marginem pro-

longata et virguliformi) albis (fasciola mediana nigro-

marginata) ; capite sat magno exserto, thorace latiori;

corpore subtus viridi-cupreo, ventro medio et apice

obscuriori nitido ; labro albo, convexo medio late modice

producto, margine tridentato ; palpis omnino metallicis.

Long. 183—15 mm., 3, 2.

Sado.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 215

This curious species partakes of the characters of the

two groups C. campestris and C. germanica, but the

elytra are much more ovate than any other species

known to me, C. dromicoides only approaching it in this

respect. In the markings of the elytra it much resembles

C. Ismenia. The head is moderately concave between

the eyes, and somewhat regularly and strongly striated

(more finely on the vertical forehead). The thorax is

long and narrow, very slightly narrowed behind and with

nearly straight sides, the surface vermiculate-rugose ;

the elytra are flattened and slightly explanated along the

sides, and remarkably convex in the middle at three-

fourths their length ; their sculpture consists in bluish

green punctures each surmounted (anteriorly) by a

minute shining granule, and in an irregular row of much

larger punctures each with a central golden point. The

body beneath is glabrous, excepting (in some individuals)

a few white hairs on the metasternum.

Cicindela Amurensis.

Cicindela amurensis, Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb.

1863, p. 2388; Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1878, p. 227.

The typical form of this species, common in temperate

latitudes of Eastern Asia from the Amur to the Yang-

tsze, is, as described by Morawitz, 8;—93 mm. long,

and of metallic colours on its upper surface. The elytra

are punctured; the punctures, though shallow, being

rendered conspicuous by being each on a bluish green

spot, contrasted with the coppery hue of the ground

colour; and on the anterior margin of each puncture is

a minute bright speck, a rudimentary granule. As a

decisive character distinguishing this species from C.

hterata and allies, | may mention that the trochanters

in all the legs are red.

On the sea-shore of Hakodate, where Mr. Lewis on

his recent journey has met with this species, it occurs

in a high degree of development, some of the examples

measuring 11 mm., and being proportionately more

robust, with wider pale elytral markings and more

rounded thorax. In the same locality he found the

following allied form, sufficiently distinct to merit a

specific name :—

216 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Cicindela novitia.

C. literata longior et paullo gracilior, supra subolivaceo-

nigra thoracis limbo interdum obscure cupreo, subtus

femoribusque viridi-auratis nitidis trochanteribus rufis ;

thorace fere cylindrico, elytris opacis tenuiter granulatis

haud perspicue punctatis; signaturis sicut in C. amur-

ensit ged latioribus, scilicet lunula humerali, ramo

inferiori elongato apice retrorsum (versus basin) hamato-

clavato, fascia mediana maxime tortuosa, vitta mediana

marginali, lunulaque apicali cujus ramo superiori valde

elongata subrecte discum versus extenso. Long. 93—103

LAM ANaR Meh ot Pee

Hakodate; Niigata.

Cicindela Sumatrensis, Herbst; Dejean, Sp. Gen. 1.,

p- 88. Local var. Niponensis.

C. Sumatrensis is distributed, with very little local

variation, over the whole Indo-Malayan region—S§Su-

matra, Java, Bali, Ceylon, India, the Philippines, &c.

In Japan it reappears in quite a northern locality, on

the sea-shore at Niigata, in North-Western Nipon.

Compared with the largest Indian specimens I find no

difference, except the broader and more robust form

(the thorax notably broader), the more obtuse angle

described by the median fascia, from which it results

that the inner portion of the fascia runs more obliquely

towards the suture, and the existence of a minute

granule on the anterior edge of each elytral puncture.

The females measure 143 mm., the largest Indian

females I have seen 123 (5% lines): Dejean gives 5—5}

lines as the length of the species as known to him.

The remarkable dilatation of the female elytra at one-

third the length, and form of the labrum strongly uni-

dentate in the middle, with the front edge straight and

slightly oblique from the tooth to the anterior angles,

are the same in both forms.

CARABIDA.

Omophron equalis, Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferf. der Ins.

Jesso, p. 6; Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873,

p- 229.

Mr. Lewis has met with this species under two rather

distinct forms: in one, from Sapporo, near which place

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 217

Morawitz’s specimen was derived, of rather larger size,

the pale belts of the elytra are reduced in width and

more or less interrupted ; in the other, from Hiogo, rather

smaller, the belts are wider (wider than they generally

are in European specimens of O. limbatum). In both

the sides of the thorax are straighter and the anterior

angles longer than in O. limbatum.

Elaphrus dauricus, Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersburg,

1863, p. 239.

One example at Tomakomai, 17th August, 1880.

Nebria Lewisi, Bates, Ent. Mo. Mag. xi. p. 22 (1874).

Kawachi. Abundant under stones at Hakone Lake,

and extends north to Morioka; also at Kumamoto.

Nebria Sadona.

Valde elongata, pedibus gracilibus, elytris antice

gradatim angustatis sed humeris distinctis obtusis ;

nigerrima subnitida; capite parvo levi, collo paullulum

constricto ; oculis modice convexis; thorace fere sicut in

N. fasciatopunctata late cordato, angulis posticis retrorsum

productis acutis, anticis rotundatis, margine laterali late

explanato-reflexo; elytris profunde striatis, striis fundo

subtiliter crenatis, interstitiis convexis tertio 4—5 punc-

tato. Long. 14 mm., ?.

Sado. A male example from Oyayama, of similar

size and form, differs in the thorax being more gradually

narrowed in front and with more produced fore angles.

It is possible it may be the other sex of this species.

Nebria s@viens.

N. Sadone affinis. Elongata, subgracilis, nigra, par-

tibus oris, antennis pedibusque (coxis exceptis) fulvo-

rufis; capite fere levi, collo convexo nullomodo trans-

versim impresso, fronte foveis duabus parum impressis ;

oculis valde prominentibus; thorace relative magno,

elytris vix angustiori, quadrato-cordato antice modice,

nec rotundato-, angustato angulis anticis productis

(apice obtusis), postice longe, sed parum angustato, sub-

sinuato, angulis posticis retrorsum productis apice

acutissimis, margine laterali explanato-reflexo, limbo

218 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

toto subrugoso-punctato ; elytris lateribus subregulariter

modice rotundatis, plica basali parum arcuato, humeris

obtusis, apice oblique sinuatis, punctato-striatis inter-

stitiis paullulum convexis, tertio 4-punctato punctis

parum conspicuis, sternis utrinque parum profunde

punctatis. Long. 11 mm., 3.

Sado.

I know of no described species at all closely resembling

this in form. It comes, perhaps, nearest to N. Manner-

heim, Fisch., but is of more slender form, with longer

thorax, more gradually narrowed behind, and with

broader reflexed margins and much longer hind angles.

Nebria reflexa.

Modice elongata, subgracilis, piceo-nigra, supra leviter

iridea, antennis partibus oris pedibus (coxis inclusis) et

thoracis elytrorumque marginibus (cum epipleuris) piceo-

rufis; capite parvo post oculos sat angustato, collo supra

transversim perparumimpresso; oculis modice prominen-

tibus; thorace relative magno, quadrato-cordato antice

eradatim subrecte angustato, angulis anticis valde pro-

ductis, postice quam antice multo magis angustato,

angulis posticis productis et supra elytrorum basin ele-

vatis, margine laterali late explanato, reflexo, basi punc-

tato; elytris elongato-ovatis versus basin paullo an-

oustatis, plica basali fere recta, angulo humerali obtuso

sed distincto, punctulato- striatis, interstitiis vix convexis

tertio punctis 4—5. Long. 8} 9 mm; 35, 2.

Iwakisan, under stones, September.

Var. N. Niohozana.

Distinctly larger and relatively longer (103 mm.) ;

thorax longer, base of antenne and thighs sometimes

darker piceous. Male and female.

Niohozan, under snow, June.

The species has a small head, like N. Lafrenayet. The

thorax is similar in shape, but broader and more rounded

on the sides.

Nebria Japonica.

N. Gyllenhalii affinis sed multo major et magis

elongata. Nigra nitida tarsis palpisque picescentibus ;

capite levi ante collum perparum transversim impresso

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 219

haud foveato, collo convexo, oculis prominentibus.

Antennis valde elongatis articulis 5—11 piceo-fuscis ;

thorace sicut in N. Gyllenhalii transversim quadrato-

cordato marginibusque punctatis; elytris elongato-

oblongis, plica basali arcuata, angulo humerali distincto,

punctato-striatis, interstitlis vix convexis tertio 5 punc-

tato; corpore subtus fere levi. Long. 10}—11 mm.,

Sete oad

Iwakisan, abundant.

Appears to differ from all the numerous Siberian species

of the Gyllenhalit group which have been described. N.

protensa, Mots. (anthracina, Morawitz) seems to approach

it most nearly, but, besides being smaller, it differs in

the sculpture of the head and elytra.

Nebria chalceola.

Parva, convexiuscula, piceo-nigra elytris obscure

Viridi-zneis, antennis palpis tibus et tarsis rufo-piceis ;

capite levi postice transversim impresso ; oculis magnis

convexis ; thorace relative magno, quadrato, postice

minime angustato, ante medium leviter rotundato, angulis

anticis parum productis posticis rectis, margine laterali

late explanato-reflexo interdum rufescenti, supra (punctis

nonnulis basi exceptis) levi, polito, foveisque profunde

impressis ; elytris brevius oblongo-ovatis, striis punctato-

crenatis versus latera et apicem evanescentibus, plica

basali recta transversa, angulo humerali dentiformi;

corpore subtus levissimo; processu mesosternali minus

elevato, supra declivi. Long. 6—7 mm., 3, 2.

Hakone, Oyama, Niohozan.

A very distinct species. At first sight resembling a

small Pterostichid much more than a Nebria. It is

less slender in all its parts than other Nebrie, and the

antenne are distinctly shorter. The elytra are dark

bluish green, metallic.

Nebria Snow.

N. Germari subsimilis, sed oculis magis prominulis

elytrisque versus basin minus angustatis, &c. Nigro-

picea elytris leviter purpurascentibus antennis palpis

pedibusque obscure piceis his interdum rufo-piceis;

capite levi postice (medio collo) fovea lineari impresso ;

oculis valde prominentibus; thorace elytris multo an-

gustiori, relative parvo, quadrato-cordato, postice (prope

220 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

basin) fortiter angustato sed parum sinuato angulis

posticis acutis anticis subacutis, margine laterali anguste

explanato-reflexo, dorso fere levi; elytris elongato-ovatis

versus basin angustatis, plica basali retrorsum obliqua,

angulo humerali obtuso sed distincto, striis parum im-

pressis hic illic undulatis indistincte punctulatis, inter-

stitiis vix convexis tertio punctis 5. Long. 10} mm.,

o,f.

Ketoi, one of the Kuriles, under stones (Mr. Snow).

The punctures on the third interstice are continued as

transverse impressions across the interstice. The thorax

differs from that of N. Germari in being less rounded

anteriorly, less sinuated at the posterior constriction (the

acute hind angles standing out in consequence much

less), and in the lateral margins being broader and much

more reflexed.

Nebria jamata, Motschulsky, Bull. Mosc. 1865, iv. p. 281.

North Japan; Kurile Is.

This species is classed by its author in his brevicollis

group, and therefore cannot have anything in common

with the N. Snowit above described. I have not seen any

insect answering to the description.

Leistus crassus.

L. spimbarhi paullo major et multo convexior, subeneo-

niger, nitidus; antennis partibus oris pedibusque tes-

taceo-rufis ; capite ruguloso-punctato, media fronte

leviori ibique fovea elongata, collo sulcato-constricto,

labro medio haud producto, mandibulis longe pro-

ductis ; thorace latissimo, disco excepto grosse punctato,

medio valde dilatato-rotundato, postice contracto et

rectilaterali, angulis rectis, marginibus sat late expla-

natis; elytris oblongis, mox pone humeros latioribus,

postea paullulum angustioribus, sat grosse punctato-

striatis, prosterno toto, pectoris ventrisque (ad basin)

lateribus grosse punctatis. Long. 94—10 mm.

Rakuwayama, near Hitoyoshi.

Much more convex and robust than any other species

known to me; black, with a slight brassy or purplish

tinge.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 221

Leistus alecto.

L. laticollis (Mor.), Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.

1875 ?

L. piceo quoad formam haud dissimilis, sed elytris

versus basin minus angustatis; L. laticolli (Moraw.)

affinissimus, differt solum elytris paullo longioribus et

postice magis dilatatis, colore obscuriori subeneo-tincto.

Hlongatus, gracilis, piceo-niger subeneo-tinctus; an-

tennis (articulis 1- vel 1—4 leviter infuscatis) partibus

oris tibiis et tarsis testaceo-fulvis ; capite convexo, levi,

collo sulcato-constricto ; thorace minus lato, sub-

rotundato, lateribus postice ante angulum rectis, mar-

gine antice et postice plus minusve punctato; elytris

elongato-ovatis ab ultra medium usque ad basin gradatim

angustatis sed humeris magis quam in L. piceo per-

spicuis, sat profunde punctulato-striatis, striis versus

latera et apicem evanescentibus; prosterno medio pec-

toreque lateribus sparsim grosse punctatis. Long 9—

94mm.,d, 2.

Sapporo ; Nikko.

The tendency of the striz on the sides and the apex to

become more feebly impressed or to disappear altogether

is common to this species and to a distinct Kast Siberian

one, four examples of which I obtained from the Maack

collection, and which agree very well with L. laticollis,

Mor.

Leistus prolongatus.

Valde elongatus, antennis (articulis 1—4 infuscatis)

partibusque oris fulvo-testaceis, tibiis et tarsis rufo-

piceis, palpis maxillaribus apice intus guttula nigra;

capite quam in JL. spinibarbi longiori, oculis minus

prominentibus, mandibulis maxillisque multo magis

elongatis, vertice valde convexo collo constricto; thorace

subovato, antice modice rotundato postice gradatim

usque ad angulos posticos obtusos (fere rotundatos)

angustato, basi tantum punctato ; elytris maxime elonga-

tis, angustis, postice convexis, medio subparallelis, prope

basin gradatim angustatis, basi (apud plicam) angustis,

humeris nullis, punctato-striatis, interstitiis sat convexis.

Long. 104 mm., 3.

Oguma, in Higo. One example in May.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT III. (AUG.) 8

222 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Distinguished from all Leisti known to me, except the

two following, by the form of the thorax, the lateral

margin not straightening to form the usual rectangular

hind angles. This form of thorax appears to occur also in

L. caucasicus, a species which I have not seen. C. rotundt-

collis, Motsch., may possibly be similar, but the author

does not describe the hind angles.

Leistus obtusicollis.

L. prolongato proxime affinis sed minus elongatus ;

LL. piceo similis et differt precipue statura majori tho-

racisque angulis posticis obtusis. Piceo-niger, partibus

oris (palpis totis) antennis (scapo solum infuscato) tibiis

et tarsis testaceo-fulvis ; capite supra convexo, collo con-

stricto, mandibulis longe ultra labrum prolongatis ;

thorace fere sicut in L. piceo, subovato, postice subrecte

usque ad angulos obtusos angustato, marginibus anticis

et posticis ruguloso-punctatis; elytris modice convexis,

elongato-ovatis, antice angustatis, ad basin angustissimis,

punctato-striatis, interstitiis sat convexis; sternis abdo-

minisque basi utrinque grosse punctatis. Long. 9} mm.,

dy f.

Hakone, in May; in moss on the trunks of Cryptomeria

at Gongensama Temple.

Besides the rather smaller size and the more widely

spread punctuation of the thorax, this species differs

from C. prolongatus in the decidedly shorter and relatively

broader and less parallel-sided elytra. In LZ. obtusi-

collis the elytra have rounded sides, and are narrowed

from behind the middle to the base; elytral shoulders

there are none, though the very oblique basal plica

joins the margin at a distinct angle.

Leistus subeneus.

L. prolongato et L. obtusicolli affinis, sed elytris bre-

vioribus et latius ovatis ; niger supra obscure olivaceo-

eneus nitidus, antennis (articulis 1—4 plus minusve

infuscatis) partibusque oris fulvo-testaceis, tibiis et

tarsis rufo-piceis ; capite et thorace sicut in C. obtusicolli,

sed hoe antice et postice obsolete punctato, postice usque

ad angulos subrecte angustato, angulis pedunculo arcte

adhgrentibus obtusis ; elytris brevius ovatis, paullo ante

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 223

apicem latis, deinde usque ad basin subrotundatim an-

gustatis, ad basin angustissimis, olivaceo-zneis punctato-

striatis, interstitiis sat convexis. Long. 8;—84 mm.

Nikko, under moss in forests at high elevations, in

early summer.

Carabus granulatus (Lin.), var. telluris, Lewis, Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 526.

C. granulato quoad formam simillimus; a typo differt

thorace creberrime vermiculato-rugoso et punctato ely-

trisque inter interstitia catenata costa unica nitida.

Niger obscure viridi vel cupreo-tinctus, parum nitidus.

Long. 23 mm.

Tonosawa, Central Japan.

Neither this nor the following species or local sub-

species is the C. Maacki, Morawitz, as Mr. Lewis at

first thought (loc. cit.). C. Maacki is said by. Mots-

chulsky to be an Kast Siberian variety of C. conciliator,

a species well distinguished from C. granulatus by the

scale-like minute sculpture of the elytra. In C. telluris

the elytral interstices are thickly covered with small

separate granulations, more distinct from each other

than in the typical C. granulatus, and this does not agree

with Morawitz’s description, ‘“‘interstitiis rugulosis et

eranulatis.”” The tubercles of the ‘“chain-strie”’ are

shorter than is usual in the European C. granulatus,

resembling in this respect the ordinary varieties of the

species so abundant in Hast Siberia.

Carabus Yezoensis.

C. granulato affinis sed differt elytris magis convexis

et ovatis; viridescenti-niger, opacus ; capite et thorace

creberrime vermiculato-rugosis, hoc sicut in C. granulato

sed postice (mox ante basin) fortius sinuato-angustato ;

elytris elongato-ovatis, lateribus in utroque sexu rotun-

datis, inter interstitia catenata ‘tricostulatis, costulis

fere equalibus rugulosis, mediana tantum hic illic levi,

interstitiis crebre asperato-granulatis ; apice sicut in C.

granulato sat profunde sinuatis. Long. 26 mm., 3, ?.

Sapporo, and across to Junsai Lake.

Although belonging to the granulatus group, this spe-

cies differs too much in form and sculpture to be treated

as a simple local form of C. granulatus. Its facies is

224 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

entirely different, owing to its more ovate and convex

elytra, its opaque surface, and minute sculpture; the

short tubercles of the chain-strie and some parts of the

median raised lines alone being smooth. It is probably

the C. granulatus var. of Yezo described by Morawitz as

elytra ‘‘ mit drei rauhen flachen Lingsrippen.”

Carabus Van Volxem, Putzeys.

Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xviii. (1875), p. 2.

Chiuzenji, Suyama, Wada-togé. Island of Sado.

Like all other species of this genus, C. Van Volxemi

varies in sculpture and in form. At Awomori a variety

occurs in which the tubercles of the chain-strie are

broader than in the type.

Carabus conciliator, Fischer.

Fischer, Ent. Russ., i., p. 102; pl. 10, fig. 25; Dej.,

Sp. Gen., v., p. 542.

Sapporo and Cape Soya; two examples, not differing

from others from Lake Baikal.

Carabus Meander, Fischer.

Fischer, Ent. Russ., i., p. 108; Dej., Sp. Gen., i1.,

p- 486.

Sapporo; two examples, differing from East Siberian

specimens only in the elytral tubercles bemg much |

narrower and less ovate in shape.

Carabus aquatilis.

C. clathrato affinis; major, multo magis elongatus.

Oblongo-elongatus supra nigro-eneus (elytris precipue

fem. subopacis) ; capite thoraceque nitidis, illo relative

parvo, sparsim punctato, juxta oculos convexos multi-

strigoso, hoc sat elongato antice gradatim (vix arcuatim)

angustato, versus basin breviter sinuato, basi dilatato,

aneulis posticis perparum retrorsum et extrorsum pro-

ductis, basi utrinque late haud profunde sinuato, mar-

cinibus lateralibus reflexis, margine ipse incrassato ;

elytris maxime elongato-oblongis, apice sinuatis, utrinque

costis tribus angustis valde elevatis, interstitiis late con-

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 225

cavis, subtiliter granulatis, singulo serie tuberculorum

angustorum foveolis vix impressis et haud metallicis

separata ; subtus nigro, levi polito. Long. 30—34mm.,

3, eo.

Shimonosuwa Lake. Taken plentifully by pressing

down the aquatic weeds floating round the margin of

the lake.

A fine and well-marked species, nearest allied to C.

clathratus, but different in shape and wanting the metallic

fovee of the elytra. The tubercles in the broad furrows

are always narrow, and are sometimes scarcely elevated

or perceptible.

Carabus procerulus, Chaudoir.

Chaudoir, Rev. & Mag. Zool., 1862, p. 486.

Yokohama. Elevated forests in Central Japan, Chiu-

zenji, Morioka, Awomori. Winters under bark, and in

summer comes freely to sugar. Also one specimen on

Oyayama in Kiushiu.

Mr. Lewis in his notes distinguishes as a separate

form the Yokohama specimens (of which he has only

three) and those from the other localities above men-

tioned. The only difference I can detect is a slight

modification in the outline of the thorax; the Yokohama

form being less cordate, 7. ¢., the sides are more gradually

rounded immediately behind the anterior angles and less

contracted behind. This difference, however, is not con-

stant, and specimens from distant localities are as nearly

as possible identical in form of thorax. The females

vary in the more or less elongate-ovate form of the

elytra.

Carabus arboreus, Lewis.

Lewis, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 526.

Paullo minus elongatus, fuligineo-niger opacus; tho-

race quam in C. procerulo breviori ante medium magis

rotundato-dilatato angulisque posticis minus elongatis vix

retrorsum productis; elytris quoad sculpturam simillimis,

sed minus prolongatis, foem. ovatis; segmentis ventrali-

bus sine sulculo basali. Long. 27—32 mm., dg, 2.

Sapporo, Bibi, and Junsai; Yezo. In damp forests

under bark and logs.

226 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Of quite different facies from the long and narrow

type-form of C. procerulus from Yokohama, but neverthe-

less linked with it by intermediate varieties found in inter-

mediate latitudes. It is relatively shorter and especially

in the female more ovate than C. procerulus, and the thorax

is slightly more rotundate-dilated anteriorly and more

contracted posteriorly. In all examples of C. procerulus

there is a fine arcuated transverse groove across the

basal part of the ventral segments, of which there are

scarcely any traces in C. arboreus.

Carabus exilis.

C. procerulo proxime affinis sed multo minor et adhuc

gracilior. Valde angustatus, fuligimeus opacus ; capite

coriaceo; thorace elongato, subcordato-quadrato, antice

modice rotundato et postice parum sinuato-constricto,

angulis posticis sat productis, dorso creberrime ruguloso-

punctulato, rugulis transversis nec vermiculatis ; elytris

angustis, parallelis (fem. lateribus paullo rotundatis)

apice fere integris (ad suturam subprolongatis), dorso

utrinque striis catenatis 3, lineis elevatis 3 alternatis,

omnibus angustis et granulatis, subnitidis, interstitiis

depressis opacis haud punctatis minute granulatis ; sub-

tus sulculis ventralibus obsoletis. Long. 20—24 mm.,

3, ek.

Island of Sado.

To all appearance a dwarf form of C. procerulus; but,

besides its exceedingly slender (and in the male parallel-

sided) form, it differs distinctly in sculpture, the three

raised lines between the chain-striz being uninterrupted,

and the strize proper or depressed interstices between

the raised lines being opaque, with a few granules. In

its typical state C. exilis appears to occur only in the

Island of Sado. There are scarcely any traces of im-

pressed punctures in the striz proper.

Carabus tenuiformis.

C. exilt proxime affinis et similis sed differt elytris

punctato-striatis. Long. 21—23 mm., 3, ¢.

Niohozan and Chiuzenji.

There is scarcely any difference in form between this

and C. exilis, but the strie (or depressed interstices of

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 227

the raised lines) have throughout a range of conspicuous

punctures. The three raised lines between the chain-

striz are continuous and crested with shining granules,

asin C. exilis, and the elytra in the male are narrow

and nearly parallel, as in that species. The thorax

varies as usual in the degree of dilatation in front, but

it is always elongated, as in C. procerulus type, and in

some examples very gradually narrowed (with little cur-

vature) from near the middle to the anterior angles.

Carabus gracillimus.

C. exili affinis et similis, sed differt elytris (mas) haud

parallelis, ab humeris usque prope apicem gradatim

dilatatis. Gracillimus, fusco-piceus opacus (individuis

maturis leviter enescens); thorace relative minori et

angustiori subcordato-quadrato ; elytris sicut in C. tenwt-

formi punctato-striatis, stria-catenata conspicuori (tuber-

culis elongatis validioribus) sed costulis tribus irregu-

laribus, multo minus elevatis, mediana excepta hic illic

obsoletis. Long. 20—21 mm. ¢, ?.

On the summit of Ontake end of July, when snow

still remained in patches.

Differs at first sight from both the preceding in the less

parallel outline of the elytra, especially of the male ; the

sculpture also differs in the fine raised lines being less

elevated and sharply defined.

Carabus Fyisanus.

C. exili similis, differt tantum statura majori, elytrorum

costulis triplicibus minime elevatis interdum obsoletis.

Elongatus, gracilis, elytris sicut in C. exilt postice per-

parum ampliatis ; fuligineus opacus; thorace elongato

angusto, antice vix rotundato, versus apicem gradatim

angustato, postice sinuatim constricto. Long. 22—25

Mig... BO

Subashiri, near Fujisan.

This form comes a little nearer C. exilis than either of

the two preceding; but the sculpture of the elytra,

especially in the female, recedes very considerably from

the Sado species. The triple raised lines are obtuse,

scarcely elevated (sometimes scarcely distinguishable),

and the granulations, spread over the whole elytra, do

228 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

not form such regular rows on the summits of the lines ;

the depressed interstices or striz have perceptible punc-

tures. A remarkable feature in the thorax of the female

is that the flanks are visible, in the middle on both

sides, when the insect is viewed from above. Asin C.

exilis, and to a less degree in the allied forms, there is a

submarginal shining streak extending for a short distance

from the shoulders of the elytra.

The four preceding are without doubt no other than so

many local forms of one species, but it would be difficult

to frame a description to fit the whole, and if they were

treated as one there would be no valid reason for not in-

eluding C. procerulus and its cognate forms with them.

Carabus porrecticollis.

Valde elongatus et angustus, supra fere opacus, niger,

capite thoraceque violaceis ; capite postice (cum collo)

punctato, oculis valde prominentibus, collo angusto;

thorace valde elongato, lateribus perparum arcuatis, a

medio usque ad apicem gradatim et paullo angustato,

postice adhuc minus et subrecte angustato; angulis

posticis sat productis (apice obtusis) margine basali

recto, dorso sat crebre ruguloso-punctulato ; elytris sicut

in C. procerulo apice perparum sinuatis ; mas elongato-

oblongis, fom. elongato-ovatis, dorso striis catenatis

tribus et inter hag lineis tenuissimis elevatis tribus,

(interspatio suturali duabus tantum) interstitiis depressis

subcancellato-punctatis, lineis et interstitiis granulatis ;

ventris segmentis basi arcuatim acute sulcatis. Long. |

28—30 mm., 3, 2.

Urasa, and on the north-west coast at Akita and

Sakata ; a local species.

Undoubtedly belonging to the procerulus group, but

distinguished by its long thorax, with scarcely rounded

or flexuous sides, as well as by its colour and the sculp-

ture of the elytra. The tubercles of the chain-strie are

sometimes narrow and linear, almost as in C. procerulus,

and sometimes much broader. The fine triple elevated

lines vary in elevation, the middle one of the three respec-

tively sometimes being alone elevated, and all are crested

with granulations. The depressed intervals or striz

have each a row of large impressions mostly extending

quite across the interval.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 229

Carabus opaculus, Putzeys.

Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xviii. (1875), p. 2.

South Yezo; Sapporo, Bibi, and Junsai Lake; in

damp forests.

Belongs also to the procerulus series, but developed in a

contrary direction from C. exilis and allies, its form

being relatively short, compact, and rounded.

Carabus Dehaanii, Chaudoir.

Chaudoir, Bull. Mosc., 1848., iv., p. 452; C. japoni-

cus, Thomson, Opusce. Ent., fase. vii., p. 728.

Confined to the warm area south of the Biwa Lake ;

abundant and constant in form and colour from Kago-

shima to Kioto, a distance of 400 miles; and occurs

also in Tsushima and in the south of Korea.

Carabus insulicola, Chaudoir.

Chaudoir, Rev. & Mag. Zool., 1869; C. Kaempferi,

Thoms. 1.:¢:

From Biwa Lake to Awomori, an extent of 500

miles.

Carabus Yaconinus, Bates.

Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 281.

An offshoot from Dehaanii, existing only in that part

of Japan where the parent type is abundant (G. Lewis).

Carabus Albrechti, Morawitz.

Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb., 1868, p. 821. Syn.

vide Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 234.

Spread over all the islands, a space of 1800 miles.

Mr. Lewis obtained a handsome variety of this species,

one male at Suyama (base of Fujisan), and one female

at Sawara, the whole upper surface of which is of a

golden-coppery colour (the epipleure and prothoracic

episternum also metallic), and the striz conspicuously

crenated. The inner edge of the male fore tibie is

distinctly angulated, as in C. maiyasanus, not obtusely

prominent, as in the typical C. Albrecht.

230 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Carabus Maiyasanus, Bates.

Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 282; Lewis,

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882 p. 526.

Limited to a comparatively small area, and then

occurring only at considerable elevations. The head-

quarters of it are in the Idzu Province, but Mr. Lewis

has specimens from Oyayama, near Kumamoto, in

Kiushiu.

It is agreed to be a mountain variety of the southern

form of C. Albrechti.

Var. Minor et angustior. Long. 20 mm.

Hakone.

Carabus Gehinii, Fairmaire (var. C. grandis, Pl. XIIL.,

fig. 3).

Fairmaire, Petites Nouvelles Entom., vol. u., p. 87

(1876) ; Waterhouse, Aid to Identif. of Ins., part 16

(Jan., 1883).

A male example obtained at Sapporo, Yezo, is figured by

Waterhouse as above cited; a large female, also obtained

by Mr. Lewis, differs from the male in its broader thorax,

and the raised elytral striz being interrupted by punc-

tures. This he has provisionally named C. grandis.

Carabus tuberculatus, Fischer and authors.

Occurs on the mountains in §. Japan, and is common

in the streets of Sapporo, nearly at sea-level.

This species, already recorded from Japan, I here

add simply to complete the enumeration of the species

now known from Japan of the genus Carabus. They

are now twenty-one in number.

Damaster blaptoides, Koll.

According to Mr. Lewis, in the excellent account he

has given of the distribution of the species of Damaster

(in Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xvii., 1880, p. 159), D. blaptoides

is confined to Kiushiu, in Southern Japan.

Var. Lewisi, Rye.

On Shimabara, near Nagasaki, and at Hiogo; a half-

starved form, so to speak, of D. blaptoides (G. Lewis).

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 231

Damaster pandurus, Bates.

Yokohama and S. E. Japan.

Var. cyanostola, Lewis.

Lewis, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 524; pan-

durus var., Ent. Mo. Mag., xvii., 1880, p. 60.

Rather more slender in form than the D. pandurus of

the vicinity of Yokohama, and with a more distinct blue

tinge; the thorax of richer blue colour.

Mountains of Chiuzenji, lat. 86° 30’.

Damaster Fortunei, Adams.

Adams, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1861, p. 59; Bates,

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 280; Lewis, Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 524. D. viridipennis, Lewis,

Ent. Mo. Mag., xvii. (1880), p. 161.

Awa-Sima, Tabu-Sima (Adams); Akita, Awomori, and

Ichinohe (Lewis).

Allied to D. rugipennis more nearly than to D. pan-

durus, having three dilated joints with brush-soles in the

male fore tarsi. Mr. Lewis is convinced that his D.

viridipennis is the same as D. Fortune.

Damaster rugipennis, Motsch.

Motsch., Etud. Entom., x., p. 6; D. auricollis, C.

Waterhouse, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3, v., p. 569.

Yezo, from Hakodate to Cape Soya in the extreme

north. |

Damaster capito, Lewis.

Lewis, Ent. Mo. Mag., xvii. (1881), p. 197.

Island of Sado; not obtained on the second visit in

1881.

Differs from all other described species by its more

compact form, broader and shorter both in trunk and

limbs; also by the total absence of mucrones, the

apex of the elytra being formed very similarly to that

of Carabus procerulus.

232 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Calosoma Maximowiczi, Morawitz.

Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, p. 20;

C. mikado, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 235.

Foot of the Komanotake; taken in abundance by

shaking young oak trees.

Calosoma Chinense, Kirby.

Kirby, Linn. Trans., xii., 1818, p. 379.

Sapporo, Yezo. Two examples obtained by Mr. Aaa

a native collector.

Cychrus convexus, Morawitz.

Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, p. 7.

Hakodate and Sapporo. ‘Taken feeding on Helix

pauper (Gould).

Dyschirius Yezoensis.

D. polito simillimus, sed differt thorace magis ovato

postice et antice fere equaliter angustato. Supra eneo-

nitidus, scapo rufo, pedibus rufo-piceis, femoribus anticis

submetallicis ; ; elytris minus cylindricis, elongato-sub-

ovatis, profundius quam in D. polito (sed minus pro-

fundis quam in D. impunctipenni), striatis, striis (versus

apicem exceptis) crenato-punctatis, lateraliter et ante

apicem interdum evanescentibus sed juxta apicem lma

et 2nda 7ma et 8va semper profunde insculptis. Long.

4+ mm.

Yezo ; Hakodate and Sapporo.

Belongs to the same group as the European D. politus,

and offers no perceptible difference in the form of head,

anterior tibie, &c. But the thorax, especially when

viewed from the front, is seen to be distinctly more ovate

and less trapezoidal, the greatest width being nearly in

the middle. The elytra also are conspicuously less cylin-

drical, being rounded on the sides, more strongly so a little

behind the shoulders. In its normal state the colour is

bright brassy, but individuals occur of a dull purpura-

scent pitchy hue, sometimes reddish at the tips of the

elytra.

The species is similar to D. cheloscelis from South

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 233

Japan, which has, however, a much wider thorax, rufous

antennex, &e.

D. stenoderus, Putzeys (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1878)

from Shanghai, seems to be a nearly-allied species, but

rather larger, 5 mm.

Dyschirius glypturus.

D. Yezoense simillimus, sed multo minor, tibiis anticis

denticulo inferiori-exteriori distincto, etc. | Obscurius

gneus, politus, scapo calcaribus tarsisque anticis tes-

taceo-rufis, pedibus piceo-rufis (femoribus anticis obscu-

rioribus) palpis nigris ; mandibulis angustis (extus haud

dilatatis) acutissimis ; thorace ovato nec subtrapezoidali;

elytris sicut in D. Yezoense elongato-ovatis sed striis

parum impressis conspicue (versus apicem exceptis)

punctatis, juxta apicem 7ma et 8va oblique equaliter pro-

funde insculptis. Long. 3} mm.

Hakodate, on the sand-hills.

Similar to D. Yezoensis in outline of thorax and

elytra, but of darker brassy hue, and distinguishable by

the acute external denticulation of the anterior tibie at

the base of the terminal spine, which latter is curved,

and is equal in length to the spur, both, as well as the

tarsi, being pale red. The mandibles are narrow. The

elytra are scuptured at the apex, similarly to those of

D. Yezoensis, politus, and allies, but the 7th and 8th

striz are relatively much more deeply and equally im-

pressed, and run obliquely for a longer distance, and

are the more distinct as the ninth interval is more tumid

at the apex, making the latter appear broadly obtuse.

Broscosoma elegans. (Pl. XIII., fig. 7).

Valde convexum; politissimum, antennis partibus

oris pedibusque piceo-fulvis; elytris breviter ovatis

(humeris nullis) valde punctato-striatis. Long. 8}—

mm... ¢., 2°

Niohozan and Nantaizan, at 7000 to 8000 feet eleva-

ticn.

This elegant and curious Carabid is distinguished from

the only others known of the genus (b. Baldense and

B. Ribbei), by the ovate, almost gibbous, deeply punctate-

striate elytra. The facies is rather that of Disphericus

234 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

than of Broscosoma, but it undoubtedly belongs to the

latter genus. The head is similar in form to that of

B. Baldense, but it is smooth and polished, with the two

furrows on each side over the base of the antenne more

clearly marked, and the mandibles and palpi more elon-

gated and porrected. The antenne are much thinner,

and the fine pubescence does not begin before the 4th

joint. The thorax is globose-ovate and highly polished,

equally narrowed behind and before; the base forms a

thickened scabrous ring, separated from the convex disk

by a groove, the clavate femora contrasting strongly with

the slender tibia and tarsi. The legs are long and

slender, and the three dilated joints of the male anterior

tarsi are slender oblong- eet clothed beneath with

fine hairs.

Panageus japonicus, Chaudoir.

Chaudoir, Bull. Mosc., 1861, ii., p. 856; P. rubripes,

Moraw.

Very abundant at Hakone and Miyanoshita in moss

and rotten stumps of trees, and in similar places as far

north as Sapporo.

Panageus robustus, Morawitz.

Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb., 1863, p. 323.

Yezo; Junsai, Sapporo, and Shiraoi.

A var. (niponensis) of much smaller size occurs in the

plains of Fujisan measuring 93 mm., the Yezo form

being 11—12 lines long.

Panageus singularis, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1878, p. 245, forms the type of the new genus Tinoderus,

Chaudoir, Monographie s. 1. Panagéides, p. 75.

Peronomerus fumatus, Schaum.

Schaum., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1853, p.440; P. eratus,

Chaud., Bull. Mosc., 1861, p. 354; id., Monogr. s. 1.

Panagéides (1878), p. 82.

One specimen of this Chinese species was obtained by

Mr. Lewis at Ogura Lake.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 235

Peronomerus nigrinus, Bates.

Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 245.

Entirely confined to dry elevated slopes at Nagasaki

and near Kioto, and distinct from P. fumatus, Lewis.

Peronomerus auripilis.

P. fumato proxime affinis sed differt statura majori,

precipue longiori, thoraceque relative angustiori, antice

longius rectiusque angustato, medio fortius angulato et

producto, postice valde sinuato angulis posticis productis

dentiformibus. Elongato-ovatus, viridescenti-eneus pube

erecte fulvo-aurato dense vestitus; antennis piceis,

articulo basali palpis pedibusque fulvo-testaceis. Long.

92 mm.;- ot 5.2

Marshes, Ogura Lake; Uyeno and Honjo, in Tokio.

Rare.

Rather larger than Canton examples of P. fumatus ;

nearly the same in colours, sculpture, and clothing, but

differing in its slightly more elongate form, especially

that of the thorax, which is much narrower, and is

more lengthened anteriorly from the very prominent

lateral angle to the head.

Chlenius prostenus, Bates.

Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 325.

Margins of the Ogura Lake, near Kioto.

Previously known only from Kiu-Kiang, on the Yang-

tsze, China.

Anisodactylus tricuspidatus, Morawitz.

Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, p. 66.

In addition to Hiogo, previously recorded, Subashiri,

Niigata.

Ophonus constrictus.

Harpalo levicolli haud dissimilis ; major, piceo-niger

nitidus, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceo-rufis ; supra

toto sparsim subtiliter punctatus, thorace basi densius

et grossius subconfluenter punctato; capite fere ut in

Harpalo fuliginoso magno, post oculos tumidulo, foveis

frontalibus profundis rugosis, extus obliquis sed versus

236 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

oculum haud lineam impressam emittentibus ; thorace

late cordato, antice valde rotundato ante basin con-

stricto, angulis posticis rectis, fovea utrinque basali

lineari; elytris relative brevibus, sat convexis, apice

oblique sinuatis, profunde subpunctulato- striatis, inter-

stitiis paullo convexis 8i0 impunctato; tarsis supra

pilosis. Long. 10 mm., ¢.

Oyayama, near Kumamoto. One example only in

March.

Not much resembling any Ophonus known to me ; but

comes nearest O. cordatus, differing, however, in the much

scantier punctuation. It resembles most Han ‘palus leptopus

and congruus, but has not the oblique line of the forehead

connecting the frontal fovea with the orbit, as in those

species.

Harpalus vicarius, Harold.

Harold, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1878, p. 66.

Von Harold gives this name to the Japanese form of

H. ruficornis mentioned by Morawitz and myself as

having obtuse hind angles to the thorax. Among five

Kast Siberian examples I find nearly all the intermediate

eradations between vicarius and rufescens, but none with

hind angles so rectangular as in the European form.

Some males of vicarius, with smooth disc of thorax,

again connect the species with H. griseus.

Harpalus tridens, Morawitz.

Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, p. 69.

Hakodate and Niigata; Hagi (Miller).

Closely allied to H. rugicollis, Motschulsky, and also

to the European H. calceatus. The extent of punctua-

tion and pubescence on the sides and apex of the elytra

varies. In one of Mr. Lewis’ examples the whole elytra,

with the exception of the sutural interstice, is punc-

tured.

Harpalus rugicollis, Motsch.

Motsch., Etud. Ent., x., p. 5; Harold, Abhandl. Nat.

Ver. Bremen, iv., 1875, p.285. H. gaponicus, Morawitz,

Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, p. 69; Bates, Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 261.

Von Harold identified this species from a type-speci-

men received from Motschulsky himself, and a small

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 237

example of H. japonicus, which I sent to Baron Chaudoir,

was returned by him as “ H. rugicollis, Mots., comparé

a un type.’ Notwithstanding, therefore, the insufti-

ciency of Motschulsky’s description, there is no longer

room for doubting that the species formerly determined

by me as japonicus is the same as rugicollis.

Harpalus congruus, Motschulsky.

Motschulsky, Bull. Mose., 1866, i., p. 164.

H. levicollis, Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso,

p- 71 (nec Dufts.); Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1873, p. 261.

Tachycellus falsus, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1876, p-.3.

T. congruus, Harold, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1877,

p. 838.

Appears to be generally distributed throughout Japan.

Von Harold had reason in doubting that the species

belonged to T'achycellus: on examining the penultimate

joint of the labial palpi I find that it is multisetose, like

all the true Harpaline, and not bisetose, as in the

Stenolophine, to which Tachycellus belongs. It remains

to be decided whether the fine oblique impressed line on

each side of the forehead, extending from the frontal

fovea to the eye, is a character of sufficient importance

to separate the species generically from Harpalus. Many

of the smaller species of Ophonus present traces of the

same character, and in Harpalus levicollis, which

H. congruus so closely resembles, it appears to be present

in some examples and absent in others.

Harpalus leptopus.

H. congruo proxime affinis sed major, antennis pedi-

busque longioribus. Elongato-oblongo-ovatus, piceus,

enescens vel cuprascens, politus, antennis partibus oris

pedibusque testaceo-rufis; thorace quadrato-cordato,

antice rotundato postice longe sinuatim angustato,

angulis posticis acutis, margine basali medio recto, versus

angulum utrinque retrorsum obliquo, supra punctulato-

rugosis disco levi, fovea elongata modice impressa ;

elytris apice oblique sinuatis, acute striatis, interstitiis

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—paRT III. (AUG.) T

238 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

modice convexis 8io unipunctato, corpore subtus levi.

Long. 93—10 mm., 3, 2.

Nikko, borders of the snow; Nakano toge, Koyebori.

The head,-as in H. congrwus, is smooth, with a fine

oblique impressed line from the frontal fovea on each

side to the eye. The thorax is relatively longer and

moderately narrowed and sinuated behind, and the hind

angles strongly acute.

Harpalus discrepans, Morawitz.

Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kiferfauna Ins. Jesso, p. 70. _

Niigata, Hakodate, Bukenji, and Yokohama.

Variat ; pedibus fulvo-testaceis tibiis plus minusve in-

fuscatis.

Motschulsky (Bull. Mosc., 1863, iv., p. 214) says this

species 1s his H. (Pheuginus) corporosus. This must

either be a mistake or Motschulsky has given a false

description of his H. corporosus, for he says of the

elytra, ‘‘ subtiliter crenato- vel cancellato-punctatis,”

which does not apply to H. discrepans, but suits very

well the following species found in the same localities :-—

Harpalus corporosus, Motschulsky.

Motschulsky, Etud. Ent., x., 1861, p.38; H. zabroides,

Dejean, var.; Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso,

j Oe pl

Sapporo, Shiraoi, Awomori.

A large robust species, varying in size from 11 mm. to

15mm. Morawitz, who had only one example before

him (taken at Hakodate), mentions the crenated strie as

the only character distinguishing it from the European

H. zabroides. He might have added the punctured base

of the thorax, which is constant in all the numerous

examples I have seen.

Harpalus chlorizans.

H. zabroidi et H. corporoso aftinis sed differt thorace

postice rotundato-angustato, angulis posticis apice ro-

tundatis. Oblongus, crassus, niger, thorace basi mar-

gineque elytrisque olivaceo-eneis, palpis apice tantum

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 239

rufis, antennis pedibusque (tarsis inclusis) nigro-piceis ;

thorace valde transverso, lateribus fere regulariter et

leviter arcuatis, basi et margine laterali crebre ruguloso- _

punctulatis; elytris (mas) valde convexis apice oblique

sinuatis, crenato-striatis interstitiis planis. Long.

123 mm., 3.

Yokohama ; one example.

This is apparently only a local or colour-variety of a

species not uncommon in Hastern China and Korea,

which is generally of a deep black colour.*

Harpalus fuliginosus, Dutts.

Dufts., Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso,

p: VE.

Near the snow on Niohozan.

Morawitz’s specimens were from the Komanotake.

Mr. Lewis’ specimens agree very well with the European

form ; von Harold appears to have been wrong in refer-

ring the species determined by Morawitz to H. flavi-

tarsis.

Harpalus flavitarsis, Dejean.

Dejean, Sp. Gen., iv., 378; Harold, Deutsche Ent.

Zeitschr., 1878, p. 66.

Tokio (Hilgendorf ).

An example from Junsai (var. niponensis) agrees with

the description, except in its much larger size, 43 lin.,

the European H. flavitarsis being 2—8 lin.

; Harpalus varvipes.

H. anxio et Frolichit similis. Differt corpore angus-

tiori, thoracisque lateribus fere regulariter arcuatis.

Subanguste oblongo-ovatus, piceo-niger, elytris eneo-

tinctis, antennis palpis tibiis et tarsis melleo-fulvis, tibiis

4 posticis apice infuscatis. Capite parvo, levi, foveis

frontalibus punctiformibus ; thorace elytris haud angus-

tiori, lateribus arcuatis antice paullo citius quam postice

* It is apparently undescribed :—Harpalus crates: H. chlori-

zanti quoad formam et sculpturam simillimus ; oblongus, crassus,

sat convexus, niger nitidus, interdum leviter eneo tinctus ; thorace

valde transverso lateribus fere regulariter et leviter arcuatis, basi

subconfluenter grosse punctato; elytris profunde crenato-striatis.

Long. 12—13 mm. Korea; Kiu-Kiang; Hong-Kong.

240 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

angustato, angulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis, fovea

utrinque basali oblonga parce punctata, marginibus

lateralibus rufescentibus ; elytris apice parum oblique

sinuatis, acute subpunctulatim striatis, interstitiis sub-

planis, tertio impunctato. Long. 73 mm., 3, 2.

Yokohama, on the beach; common in March at Hon-

moku.

It is with great hesitation I venture to describe this

species as new; it approaches so closely several of the

smaller Kuropean species, with all of which I have been

able to compare it, except with H. flavicornis. The form

of the thorax, however, seems to be different from that

of all the species alluded to, the sides being arcuated,

without trace of straightening towards the hind angles,

and the curvature being notably strong from the middle

to the anterior angles.

IRIDESSUS, 0. g.

Gen. Harpalo quoad formam simillimus sed subfam.

Stenolophine pertinet, palpis labialibus articulo penul-

timo bisetoso. Caput leve, foveis frontalibus vagis, vix

impressis, linea subtile utrinque inter foveam et oculum

interrupta. Mentum sinu acute dentato. Thorax rela-

tive magnus, quadratus, elytris haud angustior. Mas,

tarsi anteriores quatuor sicut in Harpalis dilatati,

articulo quarto cordato nullomodo bilobato.

Iridessus lucidus.

Harpalus luweidus, Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kiferfauna Ins.

Jesso, p. 72.

Widely distributed, but not abundant. Hakone-Lake

to Sapporo.

Iridessus relucens.

Harpalus relucens, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1873, p. 264. 3

The impressed oblique frontal line is entire in this

species.

Stenolophus connotatus, Bates.

Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 327.

Hitherto known only from China. Mr. Lewis met

with it abundantly at Nugata and Awomori.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 241

Stenolophus propinquus, Morawitz.

Morawitz, I. c., p. 80.

Throughout Japan. Common from Yokohama to

Hakodate.

Stenolophus agonoides.

S. vespertino, proximo, ete., affinissimus, set differt

corpore (precipue elytris) longiori, thoraceque postice

gradatim sed valde angustato, angulis posticis distinctis

sed obtusis ; piceo-niger, antennarum articulis 2 basali-

bus, palpis, margine laterali thoracis pedibusque testaceo-

rufis, labro marginibus mandibulisque basi rufis ; thorace

basi utrinque fovea lata sparsim grosse punctata, angulis

distincte reflexo-marginatis; elytris chalybeato-iride-

scentibus, margine posteriori rufo, acute striatis, inter-

stitiis versus apicem angustioribus et convexioribus.

Long. 6} mm.

Niigata.

Acupalpus marginatus, Lucas.

Lucas, Explor. Alger. Ins., p. 75.

Hakodate and Otaru, in South Yezo.

Two examples, closely resembling others from Algiers

and Kuropean Turkey, with which I have compared

them. Piochard de la Brulerie considered A. marginatus

to be only a variety of the common European species,

A. dorsalis, F.

Bradytus macros.

B. ampliato major precipue longior; magnus, gen.

Curtonoto simillimus, oblongus, piceo-fuscus vel niger

vix eneo-tinctus, antennis, palpis, thoracis margine

laterali pedibusque plus minusve piceo-rufis; capite

thoraceque coriaceis, hoc confluenter punctulato (disco

leviori) quam in B. ampliato longiori, prope basin

modice angustato, lateribus medio valde rotundatis,

basin versus rectis, angulis posticis subacutis, margine

basali utrinque late sinuato, fovea basali utrinque lata

haud profunda, carinula parum elevata ; elytris crenato-

striatis; tibiis anticis extus apice late angulato-pro-

ductis, margine pluri-spinoso, subserrato. Mas, tibiis

posticis intus pilis mollibus perpaucis vestitis. Long.

dis nar ede, c+

All the islands ; under stones in river- beds,

242 - Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Facies of the genus Curtonotus, but differs in the

simple structure of the intermediate tibie of the male.

The soft hairs on the hind tibie of the same sex are only

three or four in number, and scarcely visible among the

spines, but this character suffices to bring the species

within the definition of the genus Bradytus, where it

seems less out of place than in Letocnemis.

Amara Zimmermann, Putzeys.

Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xviii., p. 7.

Nagasaki; Kioto.

Amara striatella, Putzeys.

Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xvii., p. 8.

Nagasaki ; Kioto.

Specimens (male) of A. chalcites, Zim., and A. Zim-

mermanni, Putz., received by Mr. Lewis from Putzeys

himself and agreeing with his descriptions, seem to me

only varieties of one and the same species, all grada-

tions being found in the extensive series collected by

Mr. Lewis.

A. striatella, doubtfully separated by Putzeys himself,

is clearly only a slight variation, common enough in this

genus, in which the striz are less deeply impressed.

Amara obscuripes, Bates.

Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 294.

Nagasaki, on the mountains ; rare. Ashinoyu; abun-

dant.

Morio Japonicus.

M. orientali, Dej., proxime affinis, vel ejus varietas

seographica ; differt solum elytrorum interstitiis prope

suturam subconvexis. Long. 17 mm.

Kiushiu ; under fir-bark at Konose and Yuyama.

In its somewhat greater size this species approaches

nearest the form of M. orientalis found in the Andaman

Islands. WM. orientalis is an apparently common species

throughout the whole Indo-Malayan region, and varies

considerably in different localities, 1 have seen no

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 243

variety in which the interstices are nearly equally con-

vex throughout the elytra, near the suture as well as on

the sides, as they are in M. Japonicus.

Trigonognatha cuprescens, Motschulsky.

Motschulsky, Etud. Ent., 1857, p. 26.

Nikko, Kashiwagi, and Sado. Motschulsky’s speci-

men was from Simoda.

Chaudoir erroneously referred this genus to Triplo-

genius. It is widely distinct from the subgroup to which

Triplogenius belongs, and in fact is much nearer Myas,

the North-American species of which it much resembles.*

The mentum is deeply emarginated, with a broad trun-

cated tooth ; the labial palpi have the penultimate joint

bisetose. Mr. Lewis’ specimen does not very well agree

with Motschulsky’s description, though Lagree with him

in thinking it very likely belongs to the same species.

It is scarcely depressed, and the elytral striew are dis-

tinctly punctulated, not ‘‘ impunctatis.”’

Trigonognatha awrescens.

Minor, nigra, collo, thorace elytrisque splendide eneis,

subauratis, marginibus iridescentibus, palpis apice rufis ;

thorace quadrato, antice leviter rotundato, postice gra-

datim, modice, sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis rectis,

margine incrassato, laterali postice crenato, basi de-

presso foveaque utrinque magna profunda extus (ante

angulum) carina margini parallela delimitata; elytris

convexis profunde striatis, striis punctulatis. Long.

ROI. Sis, Pe

Niohozan, under stones, October; and one example

from Chiuzenji.

* The North-American species, Myas coracinus, Say, and

foveatus, Lec., are much nearer, in the form of the thorax, tooth

of the mentum, and in their submoniliform antenne, to Trigon-

ognatha than to Myas. The following is a magnificent species of

the same genus from China, not yet described :—Trigonognatha

princeps. Maxima, oblonga, lata, nigra, thorace margine purpureo,

elytris igneo-cupreis, marginibus viridi-auratis ; thorace transverso,

subcordato-quadrato, postice modice sinuato-angustato; angulis

rectis, fovea basali utrinque angusta, profunda, extus carina obtusa

marginata; elytris subtilissime rugulosis nec politis, stris fundo

punctulatis, interstitiis valde convexis; ante apicem abrupte et valde

emarginatis (mas); corpore subtus impunctato. Long. 33 mm.

Prov. Quang-tung, China.

244 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Allotriopus hoplites.

Oblongus, gracilis, castaneo-fuscus, partibus oris pedi-

busque castaneo-rufis; capite fere sicut in Hypherpe,

angusto, sed oculis paullo magis prominentibus ; thorace

elongato mox pone apicem dilatato, deinde usque ad

basin angustato, angulis posticis obtusis sed apice denti-

formibus, foveis basalibus linearibus utrinque duabus,

profundis, levibus ; elytris punctulato-striatis, interstitiis

convexis tertio postice unipunctato, humeris exstantibus

dentatis; sternis ventrisque basi utrinque valde punc-

tatis.

&. Femora postica subtus medio obtuse dentata

basi sinuata, trochanteribus elongatis; tibiz intus ser-

rate. Long. 8—10 mm.

Chiuzenji and Oyayama, and other places of similar

elevation, in rotten trees or under old timber.

Belongs to the genus Allotriopus, of which only one

species has yet been described, from Mexico. It differs

from the Mexican species in the hind tibie being straight,

not bowed, and in the femora being dilated and toothed

beneath in the male. Allotriopus agrees with Pterostichus

in its short metathoracic episterna.

Hypherpes colonus.

H. castanipedi affinis, sed magis linearis. Elongatus,

angustus, nigro-piceus, antennis palpis et pedibus rufo-

castaneis ; capite angusto, post oculos paullulum promi-

nentes gradatim angustato; thorace elytris angustiori

elongato-ovato, sat convexo, prope basin angustato ibique

lateribus rectis, angulis posticis subacutis, fovea basali

utrinque oblonga, profunda punctata; elytris punctato-

striatis, interstitiis sat convexis, striola scutellari obsoleta

ibique puncto ocellato; sternis utrinque grosse punctatis,

episterno metathoracico curto sed angusto; femoribus

validis. Long 12mm., 3.

Oyayama ; one example from an old beech in April.

Belongs to Hypherpes by the absence of punctures

from the 3rd elytral interstice. It is also not unlike in

facies the narrower and more convex species of the

genus, e. g., H. castanipes, differing in the relatively

longer and more convex thorax.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 245

Pterostichus macrogenys.

Elongatus, parallelopipedus, parum convexus, niger,

palpis pedibusque castaneo-rufis, capite magno, genis

tumidis post oculos maxime prolongatis, oculis parvis ;

mandibulis valde elongatis; thorace cordato-quadrato,

angulis anticis productis et acutissimis, postice longe

sinuatim sed parum angustato, angulis posticis acutis,

fovea utrinque basali magna et profunda, subleevi,

margine basali medio profunde sinuato versus angu-

lum rotundato; elytris apice vix sinuatis humeris

haud productis, punctulato-striatis, interstitiis parum

convexis tertio bi- vel tri-punctato ; corpore subtus levi.

3. Segmentum ultimum ventrale fovea magna et

profundo medio longitudinaliter vix elevata, margine

apicale reflexo medio indentato. Long. 23 mm., 3, 2.

Niohozan; one male and one female under a stone in

the deep forest, June, 1880.

Pterostichus pachinus.

Hlongatus, modice convexus, niger palpis pedibusque

castaneo-rufis; capite suberasso, ovato, genis parum

tumidis, post oculos (sat convexos) paullo elongatis ;

thorace cordato, prope basin valde angustato et sinuato,

angulis posticis rectis subacutis, anticis vix productis,

fovea basali utrinque angusta, lineari; elytris apice

oblique sinuatis, exarato-punctulato-striatis, interstitio

tertio quadripunctato.

$. Segmentum ultimum ventrale apice latum haud

profunde foveatum, fovea medio paullo elevata, margine

apicale haud reflexo. Long. 20 mm.

Junsai.

Allied to P. sphodriformii, Bates; but broader and

more robust in all its parts, and further distinguished by

the different form of the apical ventral segment in the

male.

Pterostichus asymmetricus.

P. truncato (Dej.) subsimilis, sed magis robustus et

genis post oculos elongatis et tumidis. Elongatus, niger,

palpis et tarsis castaneo-rufis; capite subtriangulare,

post oculos (parum conyexos) tumido et dilatato, juxta

collum subito constricto; thorace cordato, paullo post

246 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

medium valde sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis acutis,

anticis haud productis, fovea utrinque basali lineari, sat

profunda vage punctata; elytris elongato-ovatis, apice

distincte sinuatis, sat profunde striatis, interstitio tertio

3—5 punctato. Long. 16 mm.

3. Segmentum ultimum ventrale haud symmetricum;

transverse profunde excavatum, margine apicale elevato

inequaliter bisimuato, medio processo subbifido armato.

?. Segmentum ultimum ventrale latissimum.

Under stones on the margins of Junsai and Chiuzenji

Lakes.

Pterostichus spiculifer.

P. impressicolli (Chaud.) similis. Oblongus subgracilis,

parum convexus, niger, elytris iridescentibus, antennis

palpis pedibusque rufo-piceis; capite quam in P. impres-

sicolli post oculos magis tumido, juxta collum subito

angustato; thorace cordato-quadrato, antice valde ro-

tundato postice sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis rectis,

fere acutis, elevatis, fovea utrinque lineaque dorsali pro-

fundissimis; elytris apice parum sinuatis, profunde

striatis, interstitio tertio 4 punctato.

3g. Segmentum ultimum ventrale fovea lata pro-

fundissima irregulari margineque apicali medio spina

longa armato. Long. 138 mm., g, 2.

Nikko.

Resembles closely P. impressicollis, Chaud., of North-

ern Italy ; but, besides the difference in the armature of

the apical ventral segment of the male, it is distinguished

by the long tumour behind the eyes, which is not nar-

rowed, except at the neck, and there somewhat abruptly;

also by the smaller interstitial punctures of the elytra,

and more or less dull pitchy-red colour of legs, palpi,

and antenne.

Pterostichus mirificus.

P. truncato similis, paullo gracilior et magis convexus ;

niger nitidus, palpis et tarsis rufis, antennis piceo-rufis ;

capite fere sicut in P. truncato, genis post oculos convexos

vix tumidis; thorace gracilius cordate, post medium

magis angustato; angulis posticis rectis, paullulum ex-

stantibus, fovea basali lineari, profunda, levi; elytris

convexis profunde striatis, interstitiis convexis, tertio

4-punctato..

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 247

3. Segmentum ultimum ventrale transverse profunde

excavatum, margine apicali medio late sinuatum angulis

valde lobatis, lobis cornua recurva simulantibus. Long.

15'mm., 3; ¢.

Awomori.

The apical ventral segment of the male is quite as

extraordinary in form as in P. asymmetricus, but 1s

symmetrical. Instead of a central subbifid lobe, the

apical margin is broadly sinuated in the middle, with

each of the external angles produced into a horn-lke

process, which curve upwards towards the tips of the

elytra, and are visible from above.

Pterostichus (Omaseus ?) polygenus.

Parvus, nigro-piceus, antennis palpis pedibusque

castaneo-rufis ; oculis prominentibus; thorace sub-

cordato-quadrato, paullo ante medium sat rotundato

postice paullo magis quam antice (et subrecte) angustato,

aneulis anticis parum productis, posticis dentiformiter

prominentibus, margine laterali sat acute reflexo, intus

sulculo angusto a disco separato, basi utrinque striis

duabus profundis grossissime punctatis et carinula levi

prope angulum ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, margine basali

sat recto ad humerum denticulato, apice conjunctim sat

acute prolongatis, profunde punctato-striatis striola

scutellari brevissima (interdum obsoleta), interstitio

tertio bipunctato; sternis utrinque (mesosternique pe-

dunculo) grosse punctatis; metathoracis episternis ut in

Omaseis sat brevibus postice angustatis; tarsis 4 posticis

lateraliter tenuiter sulcatis; prosterni processu apice

indistincte marginato. Long. 8 mm., 3, @.

Nikko.

Closely allied to P. (Omaceus) thorectes, differing only

in the thorax being much shorter, less regularly arcuated

on the sides, and with a much narrower groove between

the reflexed lateral margins and the disk. The two species

form a distinct group closely allied to P. (Lagarus)

nimbatus and Solskyt.

Pterostichus Thunbergi, Morawitz.

Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb., v., 1863, p. 328 ;

Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 289.

Yezo,

248 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

The metathoracic episterna are rather longer and

narrower than they are in the restricted genus Ptero-

stichus or in Steropus. They are nearly of the same shape

as in Omaseus, but the general form and facies of the

species do not agree with that group.

Pterostichus sejunctus.

P. Thunbergisimillimus, differt tantum thoracis angulis

posticis acutis productis, margine ante angulum breviter

sinuato; sternis ventrisque basi utrinque plus minusve

punctatis. Long. 15 mm., 3, @.

Yezo.

Distinguishable from P. Thunbergi only by the pro-

minent and acute posterior angles of the thorax; but

specimens of P. Thunbergi occur in which the angles

have a slight projection. The punctuation of the sides

of the sternum and basal segments of the abdomen is

also not quite constant; though generally smooth in P.

Thunbergi, examples occur in which they present nu-

merous punctures.

Pterostichus (Omaseus ?) defossus.

Platysme oblongopunctate prima facie similis, sed

differt thoracis angulis rotundatis metathoracisque epi-

sternis parum elongatis, &ec. Niger supra plus minusve

olivaceo-gnescens, antennis palpis pedibusque piceis;

oculis sat prominentibus, fronte punctulata; thorace

paullo ante medium valde rotundato, postice subrecte

angustato, angulis posticis rotundatis, foveis basalibus

utrinque duabus profundis et grosse punctatis, interiori

longiori et profundiori; elytris oblongo-ovatis, margine

basali utrinque valde arcuato, apice oblique modice

sinuatis, sat profunde striatis (stria 7ma apice excepta

obsoleta) striola scutellari modice elongata, interstitiis

convexis, tertio 2—3 punctato; tarsis 4 posticis gracili-

bus, bisulcatis; sternis lateraliter modice punctatis,

metathoracis episternis fere sicut in Omaseo modice

elongatis.

é. Segmentum ultimum ventrale simplex. Long.

8i—10 mm., 3, 2.

Nikko.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 249

Pterostichus (Omaseus) prolongatus; P. (Lyperus) id.,

Morawitz.

Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. v., 1862, p. 251.

P. (Steropus) tropidurus, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1873, p. 288.

Omaseus Japonicus, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent., 1860,

p: 67

The typical form of this species has perfectly flat

elytral interstices, and the elytra are elongate-oblong.

Kast Siberia; Shanghai; Yezo.

Var. Elytrius profundius striatis, interstitiis convexis.

Pterostichus (Lyperus) fuligineus, Morawitz, Bull. Acad.

St. Petersb., v., 1862, p. 325; id., Beitr. z. Kaferfauna

Ins. Jesso, p. 52.

Yezo, and the main island.

A series of this variety taken by Mr. Lewis exhibits

various degrees of convexity of the elytral interstices.

Examples from Fujisan form the extremes in this

respect, and have the prima facie aspect of a distinct

species; the elytra are relatively shorter and dilated

posteriorly ; but this modification is seen in Yezo speci-

mens of O. prolongatus.

The metathoracic episterna are too narrow and

elongated for Steropus, although the facies of the

insect is that of the species of Steropus allied to S.

orientalis. I hesitate to adopt Motschulsky’s prior name

japonicus, as the size he gives (44 lines) and the insuffi-

cient diagnosis make the identity of the species doubtful.

Pterostichus (Omaseus) leptis.

O. nigro affinis, sed gracilior thorace precipue an-

gustiori prope basin fortius sinuato-angustato, angulis

posticis rectis subacutis. Niger, palpis castaneo-rufis,

antennis tarsisque piceis; capite punctulato, oculis pro-

minentibus; thorace basi utrinque crebre ruguloso-

punctato, profunde foveato, bistriato, carinulaque obtusa

juxta angulum ; elytris profunde subpunctulato-striatis.

Bone. 20 mm. ¢., 2%

Sapporo, Hakodate, Niigata, and Fujita.

250 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

The prosternal process is margined at the apex, but

sometimes very faintly. It is distinctly mee in

many other species of the group, e. g., O. forts,

Eschscholtzi, &c.

Pterostichus (Omaseus) ambigenus.

O. ntgrite haud dissimilis sed thorace fere ut in

Platysma vitrea postice magis quam antice angustato,

lateribus valde arcuatis, angulis posticis breviter pro-

minentibus acutis. Niger leviter ewneo-tinctus; capite

mox pone oculos prominentes angustato, foveis frontali-

bus tenuibus vix impressis; thoracis fovea _basali

utrinque lata et profunda, punctata, bistriata, carinulaque

levi juxta angulum; elytris apice sat valde sinuatis,

punctulato-striatis, interstitiis modice convexis, tertio

punctis 3 vel 4.

$. Segmentum ultimum ventrale modice concavum,

antice tuberculum triangulari incumbente, depressum,

apice tantum libro. Long. 11mm., 3.

Shimidzu-togé. One example in August.

Platysma oblongopunctata, Fab.

Fab. Syst. El., i., 1838.

Nikko. ‘Two examples, not differing from specimens

from Eastern Europe.

Lagarus nimbatus, Morawitz.

Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersh. 1862, p. 285.

Argutor ? microcephalus, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent., ix.,

1860, p. 6?

Lagarus microcephalus, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1873, p. 285.

Generally distributed throughout Japan.

Chaudoir (Bull. Mosc., 1878, p. 60) has given valid

reasons for rejecting the name of A. microcephalus for

this species. There is not much in the specific description

above cited to forbid the supposition that it refers to the

species; but in a subsequent paper, in which Mogan ig

proposed and defined a genus for the reception of his A

microcephalus, genus Rhagadus, Bull. Mosc., 1865, iv.,

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 251

p-. 261, characters are adduced which are quite inappli-

cable to the species. They are possibly only blunders,

and the species may be the same; but it is safer to reject

the name altogether.

Lagarus nimbatidius ; Feronia (2) nimbatidia, Chaudoir.

Chaudoir, Bull. Mosce., 1878, p. 63.

Japan.

Said to be very near L. nimbatus, differing in the more

rounded sides and hind angles of the thorax. In L.

nimbatus the hind angles are always distinct, and some-

times projecting; but they vary, and I doubt whether

L. nimbatidius is more than one of the varieties.

Lagarus sulcitarsis, Morawitz.

Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb., v., p. 250.

Hakodate; also at Fukui, in the main island.

Lagarus dulcis.

L. sulcitarsi proxime affinis et similis; major et latiori,

niger subopalescens, politus, antennis palpis et pedibus

piceis; capite ovato, post oculos sat prominentes recte an-

gustato ; thorace relative magno convexo, quadrato lateri-

bus fere regulariter arcuatis (antice magis quam postice

aneustato) angulis anticis vix productis, posticis omnino

rotundatis, margine laterali tenui usque ad medium basin

continuato, supra basi utrinque fere plano, punctulato,

linea elongata recta (a margine distante) impressa;

elytris elongato-oblongis punctulato-striatis, interstitiis

planis, tertio tripunctato; tarsis 4 posticis bisulcatis.

3g. Segmentum ultimum ventrale simplex. Long.

TO rn Fg",

Ogura Lake, in reed-refuse.

Pecilus encopoleus, Solsky.

Solsky, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., ix., 4, p. 806; Harold,

Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1877, p. 339.

Pecilus planicollis, Motsch., Etud. Ent., 1860, p. 5 (?);

Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 284.

Generally distributed throughout Japan.

All the examples of Pecilus of the cupreus group taken

by Mr. Lewis have three basal joints of the antenne red.

252 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

As Motschulsky gives two joints only as red in planicollis,

Harold rightly rejects his name for the species, to which

his description in other respects apples.

Pecilus fortipes, Chaudoir.

Chaudoir, Bull. Mosc., 1850, iii., p. 181; id. ibid.,

1868, i., p. 222; id., Abeille, 1869, p. 234; Putzeys,

Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xvii., 1875, p.7. Pacilus lepidus,

Fab. var., Moraw., Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso,

p. 45.

Mr. Lewis has brought home a large series of this

species, which I find agree with Hast Siberian examples

in the structural differences which separate the species

from the European P. lepidus, It is a much larger and

more robust insect, and in all its varieties distinguishable

by the sides of the thorax falling obliquely on the base,

thus forming an obtuse angle, instead of being sinuated

as in P. lepidus.

Pecilus prolixus, Putzeys.

Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xvili., 1875, p. 10.

Pecilus Koyi, id. olim (nec Germar.).

Yezo.

Differs from P. fortipes apparently only in the sides of

the thorax being regularly arcuated. I have Hast

Siberian varieties of P. fortipes which answer to this

‘description, but have failed to detect any in Mr. Lewis’s

series from Yezo.

Stonvis prognathus.

Piceo-niger elytris opalescentibus, palpis fulvis, an-

tennis pedibusque plus minusve rufo-piceis ; mandibulis

et palpis quam in S. pumicato multo magis elongatis,

labro profunde et late emarginato, capite post oculos

transversim depresso; thorace cordato, ante medium

valde rotundato, post medium sinuato-angustato angulis

posticis rectis, basi utrinque grosse punctato profunde

unistriato; elytris subelongato-ovatis, juxta basin cite

angustatis, angulo humerali dentiformi, punctulato-

striatis ; sternis ventrisque basi grosse punctatis. Long.

10 winds) des

Hakone and Chiuzenji, in shady Cryptomeria forests.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 253

Agrees with Stomis pumicatus in all essential points of

structure, but very much larger and of different facies,

owing to its more ovate form, and especially to its thorax

being dilated and rounded more in front, and strongly

sinuated and narrowed behind. The mandibles are

greatly elongated in both sexes, the palpi long and

linear, and the antenne relatively much longer than in

S. pumicatus.

EUCALATHUS, N. g.

Gen. Calatho affinis; corpus elongatum, gracile, tho-

race elytris multo angustiori, elongato-quadrato. Mentum

dente acute bifido. Palpi graciles, articulis terminalibus

apice attenuatis. Antenne elongate gracillime, articulo

tertio quarto vix longiori. Prosternum apice haud mar-

ginatum, apice verticaliter acute carinato. Metasterni

episterna brevia. Elytra apice haud perspicue sinuata,

sat profunde striata, interstitio tertio bipunctato. Tarsi

4 posteriores subtus longe et dense pilosi, supra glabri,

articulis 1 et 2 utrinque unisulcatis; ungues (prope

apicem excepto) acute denticulate ; mas articulis 1—3

elongato-triangularibus. :

The facies of the two species known of this genus are

quite different from the Calathi, even from such aberrant

forms as C. Solieri and C. Deyrollei. From the true

Calathi they also differ in the densely hairy soles of the

four hind tarsi and the unmargined apex of the pro-

sternum, characters which are presented by Pristosia

picea, but associated with features foreign to Hucalathus,

such as the short triangular form of the dilated tarsi, the

obsolete tarsal grooves and the impunctate 3rd elytral

interstice. I think it likely that the Hast Siberian

Calathus nitidulus (Mor.) belongs to Hucalathus.

Eucalathus eneolus.

Pristonychus eneolus, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

18738, p. 272.

Hiogo; Nikko, Miyanoshita; Fukushima; Wada togé.

A handsome species, resembling in form the slenderer

species of Pristonychus, but of olive-green colour, some-

times rich golden olive, and highly polished. It varies

in size from 12 to 16mm. A specimen from Nikko has

the thorax much narrowed and sinuated near the base.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART III. (AUG.) U

254 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Eucalathus colpodoides.

E. e@neolo multo minor et gracilior. Aineo-niger,

antennis, palpis, tarsis (interdum tibiis) et trochanteribus

fulvo-rufis, elytris viridi- vel cupreo-auratis fere sicut in

Calatho metallico ; capite ovato, post oculos haud tumido,

collo supra transversim depresso; thorace quadrato

antice perparum rotundato, postice modice et recte

angustato, angulis posticis rotundatis, basi medio late

sinuato, margine laterali vix perspicue incrassato, valde

reflexo, fovea utrinque basali magno et profundo; elytris

basi angustis, margine basali valde arcuato, humero

haud producto, punctulato-striatis, striola scutellari sat

elongata. Long. 11—12 mm., 3g, ?.

Nikko, Nantaizan and Niohozan.

At first sight resembles the metallic species of Colpodes ;

but the colour is of different lustre from that seen in any

species of Colpodes, and nearest resembles that of the

European Calathus metallicus.

Crepidactyla melantho.

C. nitida minor et gracilior; nigra, antennis pal-

pis tibiis et tarsis fulvo-rufis vel piceo-rufis; thorace

relative parvo, quadrato postice paullo magis quam

antice angustato, lateribus modice arcuatis, margine

reflexo, angulis obtusis rotundatis, medio basi sinuato,

fovea utrinque basali lata et profunda; elytris elongato-

ovatis, prope basin angustatis, humeris obliquatis, pro-

funde striatis, interstitiis convexis tertio bi- vel tripunc-

tato; tarsi 4 posterioribus utrinque bisulcatis. Palpi

labiales mas et foem. securiformes ; apice oblique truncati

(¢) angulo exteriore acutissimo; maxillares subcylin-

drici, truncati. Long. 12 mm., g, ?.

Sapporo.

The male labial palpi differ from those of Pristodactyla

cyclodera in having their outer apical angle pro-

longed and acute. If Pristodactyla be limited to those

species in which the terminal joints of the palpi are

cylindrical (though truncated), P. cyclodera must be

removed to Crepidactyla, which genus again is scarcely

to be distinguished from Taphria, the only structural

difference being the more developed grooves of the

posterior tarsi,

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 255

TREPHIONUS, 0. g.

Gen. Calatho affine; sed differt unguibus simplicibus,

&e. Corpus fere sicut in Anchomeno, gracile. Caput

angustum; oculi haud prominentes; palpi sicut in

Calathis subgraciles, fere cylindrici apice breviter trun-

cati; mentum dente mediano apice emarginato. Thorax

oblongo-cordatus, postice modice angustatus, lateribus

ante angulos basales brevissime sinuatis, angulis ipsis

(cum margine basali) rotundatis. Elytra apice integra,

interstitio tertio impunctato. Prosternum apice haud

marginatum. Metathoracis episterna sat brevia postice

parum angustata. Tarsi supra glabri subtus sparsim

setosi, 4 posteriores articulis 1—4 utrinque sulcati et

supra subtiliter alutacei medioque excavati; maris an-

teriores articulis 3 breviter triangularibus. Ungues

simplices.

A genus having a superficial resemblance to the

Anchomeni, but with a form of thorax closely resembling

that of the Calathi and Pristodactyle, especially of the

species in which it is narrowed behind, with the hind

angles broadly rounded, and forming a curve with the

basal margin. The sinuation of the sides just before the

posterior angle is unlike anything I have seen in Calathus,

and most nearly approaches the form presented by cer-

tain species of Pristonychus, to which genus T'rephionus

approximates also in the form of the head and the

impunctate 3rd elytral interstice.

Trephionus Nikkoensis.

Gracilis, castaneo-fuscus nitidus, antennis partibus

oris pedibusque castaneo- vel piceo-rufis; capite angusto,

levi, foveis frontalibus parum impressis; thorace oblongo-

subcordato, postice modice angustato, lateribus ante

angulum posticum sinuatis, puncto setifero longe ante

angulum basalem sito, angulis late (cum margine basali)

rotundatis, fovea utrinque basali sat profunda levi;

elytris oblongo-ovatis sat profunde striatis, stria scutellari

modice elongata, interstitiis omnibus impunctatis. Long.

Sammie. gs, 2

Nikko; Nantaizan. Damp forests in shady places.

256 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Anchomenus (Limodromus) subovatus, Putzeys.

Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xviii. (1875), p. 6.

North Nipon (Putz.). Chiuzenji (Lewis).

Anchomenus (Platynus) xestus.

A. scrobiculato affinis. Depressus, niger politissimus,

elytris opalescentibus ; antennis palpis, pedibus (femori-

bus nigris exceptis) fulvo-piceis; capite post oculos

minus prominentes elongato-tumido (fere sicut in P.

complanato) gradatim usque ad collum angustato, collo

supra depresso; thorace fere ut in A. scrobiculato

quadrato-cordato, postice sat sinuato-angustato, angulis

posticis rectis, fovea basali magna profunda levi; elytris

ovatis margine laterali sat explanato-reflexo, apice per-

parum sinuatis, striatis, striis haud perspicue punctulatis,

interstitiis paullo convexis, tertio 3-punctato; meta-

thoracis episternis quam in A. scrobiculato paullo longi-

oribus ; tarsis posterioribus valde sulcatis. Long. 10 mm.

Nikko.

Anchomenus calleides.

A. cyaneo (Dej.) proxime affinis; major et robustior,

elytrisque ad suturam magis prolongatis margineque

fortius sinuato. Cyaneus vel olivaceo-viridis; thorace

relative parvo, quadrato, subcordato, postice (longe ultra

medium) sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis rectis, supra

transversim rugoso, basi omnino scabroso-punctato ;

elytris oblongo-quadratis, apice ad suturam paullo de-

pressis, prolongatis extus sinuatis, dorso exarato-striatis

striis punctulatis ; tarsorum articulo quarto sat profunde

emarginato. Long. 11 mm., 3, ?.

Morioka and Midzusawa. Under stones in the Kita-

kamigawa.

Extremely near the South European A. cyaneus, but

rather larger and more robust, the thorax a little more

sinuate and narrowed at the base, and the elytra pro-

longed at the sutural apex with more distinct ante-apical

sinuation. The 1st ventral segment has a few punctures

on each side.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 257

Anchomenus leucopus, Bates.

Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 279.

Niigata, Awomori, and Shimonosuwa are additional

localities for this elegant species,* which belongs to the

same group as A. cyaneus, calleides, &e. The prosternum

and metasternum are rather strongly punctured.

Anchomenus (Agonum) sculptipes.

A. mesto proxime affinis et similis, sed major precipue

magis elongatus ; toto niger, palpis apice rufis; capite

ovato oculis parum prominentibus ; thorace sicut in A.

mesto sed longiori, subcirculari, postice perparum angus-

tato, margine laterali postice et basali (utrinque) elevato;

elytris elongato-oblongo-ovatis, apice distincte sinuatis,

striatis, striis parum conspicue punctulatis, interstitiis

subconvexis, tertiotripunctato; tarsis posterioribus opacis

late sulcatis, supra medio angustissime unicarinatis.

Long. 8—104 mm., 3, 2.

Junsai Lake, Hakodate; rare.

The side grooves of the four posterior tarsi are re-

markably broad, and opaque with minute sculpture,

leaving a narrow and sharp dorsal carina alone polished.

A similar form is found in Hastern Siberia, apparently

undescribed, in which the thorax is shorter (a little

longer only than in A. mestus), and the tarsal carine

less narrow.

Anchomenus (Agonum) suavissimus.

A. gracili (Gyll.) proxime affinis ; duplo major; gra-

cilis, niger politissimus, elytris subopalescentibus ; capite

ovato ; thorace ovato, quam longitudine vix latiori, lateri-

bus equaliter arcuatis, angulis anticis sat valde productis,

posticis omnino rotundatis, fovea utrinque basali lata,

levi, medio lineola impressa; elytris elongato-oblongo-

ovatis, apice sat sinuatis, plica basali antrorsum ob-

liquata, dorso subtiliter sed acute punctulato-striatis,

interstitiis planissimis, tertii punctis 2 et 3 in medio

interstitio sitis; tarsis tenuibus, 4 posticis nitidis utrinque

late sulcatis. Long. 9mm., 3, 2.

Ogura Lake, Honjo, Tokio. Among reeds in marshes.

* It occurs in marshes, under dead reeds.

258 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Anchomenus (Agonum) Ogure.

A. eneotincte quam maxime affinis et similis, sed differt

elytrorum striis haud perspicue punctatis, antennis

(scapo articulisque 2—8 basi flavis exceptis) nigro-

fuscis, &e. Supra fusco-zneus, corpore subtus (pectore

lateribus fuscescentibus exceptis) antennis basi, thoracis

elytrorumque marginibus, et pedibus flavo-testaceis ;

thorace transverso; elytris valde subtransversim sinu-

atis, disco utrinque areis duabus depressis. Long.

7—74 mm., 3, 2.

Ogura Lake.

Anchomenus (Agonum) charillus.

A. dolenti (Sahlb.) similis, sed differt thorace longiori,

postice angustato, angulis subrotundatis, pedibusque

letius rufescentibus. Subgracilis, supra eneus, subtus

nigro-eneus, trochanteribus femoribus tibiisque testaceo-

rufis, tarsis, antennis basi, palpis basi et apice, piceis ;

thorace quadrato-cordato ante medium leviter rotundato

postice sat angustato, angulis posticis obtusissimis, mar-

gine basali prope angulos antrorsum arcuatim obliquato;

elytris relative latis, postice paullo ampliatis, subtiliter

striatis, striis haud perspicue punctulatis, interstitiis

fere planis tertio 4—5 punctato. Antenne articulo tertio

dimidio apicali sat dense pubescenti. Long. 64 mm.

Summit of Iwaki-san, under stones by a rivulet; and

one specimen on Ontake.

Colpodes Bentonis.

Quoad formam Platynis typicis similis, metathoracis

episternis brevibus elytrorumque marginibus explanatis

acutis, sed tarsis anticis bilobatis, &c. Hlongatus, de-

pressus, castaneo-fuscus vel niger, elytris viridi-auratis

politis, antennis, partibus oris, elytrorum et thoracis

marginibus explanatis pedibusque (femoribus interdum

castaneo-fuscis) fulvo-rufis; capite post oculos modice

prominulos elongato, gradatim angustato, collo supra

transversim depresso; thorace cordato, angulis posticis

productis acutis, antice lato cum angulis anticis late

rotundato, prope basin valde sinuato; margine laterali

explanato-reflexo; elytris ovatis, humeris late rotundatis,

apice profunde sinuatis, margine laterali explanato-

reflexo, punctulato-striatis, interstitiis vix convexis tertio

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 259

tripunctato. Tarsis anticis articulo quarto bilobato, lobis

angustis, sat longis; intermediis bilobato, lobo exteriori

longiori; posticis emarginato. Long. 10—12mm., ¢, ?.

Nikko; Awomori, under forest-trees.

Colpodes mutator.

C. Bentonis affinissimus, differt solum ; 1, colore nigro

elytris vix neo-tinctis vel iridescentibus; 2, thorace

antice paullo minus late rotundato margineque explanato-

reflexis angustiori et angustius rufescenti; 3, elytris

prope apicem paullo minus profunde sinuatis; 4, tarsis

anticis minus longe bilobatis. Long.11—12mm., ¢, ?.

Fukushima.

The slight differences above pointed out between this

and the preceding are constant in the tolerably numerous

series of both which I have examined. The form of the

thorax varies a little; but it is always less broadly

dilated anteriorly, and the dilatation is more in front,

so that the posterior narrowing is longer and more

gradual, the posterior angles being in both species

almost equally projecting and acute. The colour is

uniformly pitchy-black, shining, with a very narrow dull

tawny edging to the thorax and elytra. Tho epipleure

and femora are always dark like the under side of the

body; the elytra are slightly tinged with bronze-green

or are iridescent.

Colpodes integratus.

C. Bentoni et mutatori proxime affinis sed differt elytris

apice vix perspicue sinuatis. Hlongatus sat depressus,

castaneo-fuscus, elytris aurato- vel viridi-eneis, antennis,

palpis, elytrorum margine pedibusque (femoribus ob-

scurioribus) piceo-rufis; thorace fere ut in C. bentonis

cordato, prope basin valde angustato, sed angulis pos-

ticis minus productis, fere rectis, margineque haud per-

spicue vel vage rufescenti; elytris regulariter ovatis,

versus basin angustatis. Long. 12 mm.

Miyanoshita.

The tarsal grooves, which are deep and well marked,

especially on the middle tarsi in C. Bentonis, and rather

less so in C. mutator, are in the present species scarcely

visible.

260 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Colpodes astictus.

Gracilis, elytris ovatis convexis ; niger nitidus, palpis

antennis tarsisque piceo-fulvis; oculis parvis modice

convexis, capite convexo, postice prolongato, collo supra

transversim depresso ; thorace angusto, subovato, postice

multo magis quam antice et recte angustato, angulis fere

rectis (apice acutis), margine laterali anguste reflexo,

lateribus et basi ruguloso-punctatis; elytris ovalibus,

mox a basi angusto rotundato-ampliatis, apice oblique

sinuatis, profunde striatis striis punctulatis, interstitiis

modice convexis impunctatis. Mandibule maxille et

palpi maxillares valde elongata; metathoracis episterna

brevia ; tarsi postici sat profunde et perspicue bisulcati,

articulo quarto omnibus modice emarginato. Long.

11—12 mm., g, °.

Oyayama; Yuyama, in Higo ; Kashiwagi, in Yamato.

Polymorphous as Colpodes is known to be, I place this

species in the genus with great reluctance, the 4th tarsal

joint being scarcely more emarginate than in many

Anchomeni; it would, however, be still more out of

place in any section of Anchomenus. In the long and

projecting mandibles and impunctate elytral interstices

it agrees with the species of Colpodes formerly included

in the genus Plewrosoma, Guérin, but has little general

resemblance to them. It has also some affinity to

Cyrtolaus, Bates.

Colpodes amphinomus.

Agonis majoribus haud dissimilis ; piceo-niger, nitidus, ©

antennis, palpis, thoracis margine laterali pedibusque

castaneo-rufis ; capite post oculos convexos gradatim

angustato, collo subconstricto ; thorace subovato, postice

multo magis quam antice angustato, angulis posticis

rotundatis, anticis haud productis, margine laterali sat

late explanato-reflexo, intra marginem et in fovea magna

basali plus minusve punctato; elytris ovatis, humeris

rotundatis, apice sinuatis, adsuturam obtusis, punctulato-

striatis, mterstitiis modice convexis, tertio tripunctato,

puncto tertio prope apicem. Metathoracis episterna

subelongata et angustata. ‘Tarsi posteriores extus tan-

tum sulculati ; articulo quarto minime emarginato, ante-

riorum sat emarginato, lobis inequalibus. Long. 83—

LOmm.s. 2.

Kashiwagi and Oyayama.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 261

Colpodes limodromoides.

Anchomeno (Limodromo) similis; valde elongatus,

parallelogrammicus, piceo-niger nitidus, antennis palpis,

thoracis margine laterali pedibusque castaneo-rufis, cor-

pore subtus plus minusve castaneo; capite mox pone

oculos valde prominentes angustato ; thorace levi, quad-

rato, paullo ante medium modice dilatato, deinde postice

leviter sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis obtusis sed

distinctis, margine laterali sat late explanato-reflexo ;

elytris prope apicem oblique sinuatis, apud suturam pro-

ductis breviter truncatis, angulo suturali breviter dentato,

dorso punctulato-striatis, interstitiis subconvexis. Meta-

thoracis episterna elongata et angustata. Pedes elon-

gati robusti; tarsi posteriores utrinque sulcati, articulo

4to omnibus emarginato. Long. 15 mm.

All the large islands, and in Sado. Has the habits

of Anchomenus livens, and is rare.

As C. amphinomus and numerous similar species look

like Agona, with tarsi modified in the sense of Colpodes,

so this species may be looked upon as a Limodromus or

a Batenus, Motsch., with similar modification. If this

be truly the case, Colpodes is an artificial genus, com-

posed of species of different generic groups, all having

the tarsi more or less adapted for climbing up stems of

plants or on foliage.

Colpodes elainus.

Elongatus, subdepressus, piceo-niger nitidus, elytris

olivaceo-zneis, antennis, palpis thoracis margine laterali

tibiis et tarsis castaneo-rufis ; capite mox pone oculos

valde prominentes recte angustato, collo subconstricto,

palporum articulo terminali fusiformi (apice attenuato) ;

thorace subcordato, antice usque ultra medium sat late

rotundato, postice sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis

parum obtusis, anticis valde rotundatis, margine laterali

explanato-reflexo anguste castaneo-rufo, dorso trans-

versim strigoso, foveis latis basalibus punctatis ; elytris

valde elongatis fere parallelis, apice oblique subsinuatis

apud suturam subproductis rotundatis, punctulato-

striatis interstitiis planis, tertio tripunctato. Metathoracis

episterna angusta sed modice elongata. ‘Tarsi postici

extus sulcati; articulo quarto anteriorum quatuor sat

262 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

profunde bilobato, posticorum profunde emarginato.

Long. 13 mm.

‘Kashiwagi.

Colpodes chloreis.

Elongatus, postice leviter ampliatus ; capite et thorace

relative parvis, niger politis, elytris obscurius subcyaneo-

eneis vel eneis, antennis palpis tibiis et tarsis castaneo-

rufis, femoribus corporeque subtus piceis; palporum

articulo terminali fusiformi; capite post oculos modice

prominentes recte angustato, collo constricto ; thorace

subcordato, antice perparum rotundato, postice modice

angustato leviter sinuato, angulis posticis obtusis, mar-'

gine laterali anguste explanato-reflexo subrufescenti,

foveis levibus; elytris apice haud perspicue sinuatis,

striis subtilissime punctulatis, interstitiis fere planis

tertio tripunctato. Metathoracis episterna elongata et

angustata. Tarsi posteriores utrinque sulcati, articulo

quarto anteriorum profunde, posteriorum modice, emar-

ginato. Long. 10 mm.

Hakone ; Nikko.

Colpodes sylphis, Bates.

Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 277.

Previously recorded from Hiogo only. Mr. Lewis has

since found it abundantly at Miyanoshita, Oyama, Chiu-

zenji. Itis similar in general form to C. chloreis, but

differs by its brighter metallic colouring, more broadly

margined thorax, with projecting hind angles, &c.

Colpodes Hakonus, Harold.

Harold, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1878, p. 213.

Hakone (Dénitz) ; Miyanoshita (Lewis).

Many specimens taken by Mr. Lewis differ from

Harold’s description, and from examples taken at Miya-

noshita, in the hind angles of the thorax being obtuse or

rounded, without any trace of ‘‘die ausserste spitze

jedoch ziemlich scharf.” I can detect no other diffe-

rence: they are from Nikko, Iwaki San, Chiuzenji, Yu-

yama, and also from Miyanoshita, where the type-

form occurs.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 268

Colpodes speculator, Harold.

Harold, J. c., p. 214.

Hakone (Dénitz) ; Chiuzenji (Lewis).

Colpodes aurelius.

C. modestiort proxime affinis, differt solum thorace

angustiori late cordato elytrisque aurato-eneis ; testaceo-

rufus, capite et thorace supra et infra nigro-castaneis,

hujus lateribus rufis; capite sicut in C. modestiore rela-

tive parvo, post oculos parum elongato ; thorace breviter

cordato-quadrato postice sinuato-angustato, angulis ob-

tusis sed distinctis, lateribus minus late explanatis, valde

reflexis ; elytris profunde striatis striis punctatis. Long.

7 mm.

Miyanoshita and Oyama.

A large series, quite constant in the slight characters

which distinguish it from C. modestior. The colour of

the elytra is more golden brassy than in C. lampros, and

has less of green tinge.

C. modestior is found also abundantly at Miyanoshita,

and thence in various localities to Hiogo.

Colpodes rubriolus.

C. ruficipiti (auct.) similis. Lete pallido-rufus, elytris

(cum epipleuris) viridi cyaneis margine basali et scutello

rufis, femoribus apice nigris; thorace quadrato, paullo

ante medium modice dilatato, antice magis quam pos-

tice angustato, angulis posticis obtusis sed distinctis ;

elytris ovatis, apice oblique biflexuoso-truncatis, angulo

suturali spinoso, dorso punctulato-striato, disco post

medium depresso, interstitiis planis ; tarsorum articulo

4to anguste bilobato, posticorum lobis brevioribus parum

inequalibus. Long. 7} mm.

Near Kami-ichi ; one example beaten off a large Celtis.

In Ceylon an allied species occurs commonly in garden-

refuse.

The C. ruficeps was originally described in the ‘‘ Annu-

losa javanica” by Macleay; the name was afterwards

applied by Eschscholtz to a Manilla species, and later

on by Chaudoir to a species found in Bengal, Southern

264 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

India, and Ceylon. I think it very probable that all

three are perfectly distinct species. Macleay’s descrip-

tion is so short and vague that it would apply to all, and

neither Eschscholtz nor Chaudoir seems to have examined

an example from Java. A good series of a species from

Java, which I obtained from Dr. Mohnike’s collection,

show a form of apical truncature quite different from

that described by the other authors, the margin near the

suture being straight for a short space, and armed at

each angle (on each elytron) with a short tooth or spine,

making the apex briefly quadrispinose. This may be

the true C. ruficeps. Eschscholtz’s species seems to

have a slight sinuation, causing the suture to be simply

acute. Chaudoir’s differs in having the epipleure of

the elytra red.

Euplynes Batesi, Harold.

Harold, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1877, p. 341.

Mohezi.

Mr. Lewis obtained this interesting insect in the

Yokohama district, at Bukenji and Miyanoshita, and

also at Junsai, in flowers and on foliage. Harold is

undoubtedly right in referring it to the genus Huplynes,

Schmidt-Goebel, which Chaudoir so strangely misunder- .

stood, treating Huplynes viridipennis as a species of

Colpodes allied to C. ruficeps. It is distinguished from

Colpodes by the 4th tarsal joint being strongly bilobed in

all the feet.

Perigona acupalpoides.

Acupalpo meridiano haud dissimilis. Subdepressa,

castaneo-nigra, abdomine, partibus oris, antennis, pedi-

bus, macula quadrata humerali suturaque, rufis ; capite

post oculos prominentes haud tumido; thorace trans-

verso, quadrato, antice parum rotundato, postice modice

angustato, angulis posticis obtusis, limbo interdum

castaneo-rufo; elytris striatis, interstitiis convexis. Long.

4mm.

All the islands; under bark of various trees, beech,

oak, and fir.

The red sutural border is limited to the 1st interstice,

and does not reach the scutellum; the shoulder-spot

extends from the 8rd stria to the margin, and is not

longer than broad.

Apparently allied to the Bornean P. nigricollis, Motsch.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 265

Perigona discipennis.

Depressa, testaceo-rufa, capite (epistomate partibusque

oris exceptis) maculaque oblonga posteriori elytrorum,

nigris, interstitiis 1 et 2 margineque laterali et apicali

rufis ; thorace transverso, quadrato, antice modice rotun-

dato, postice angustato, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris

striatis, interstitiis convexis. Long. 3} mm.

Nagasaki, Konose, and Yuyama, under bark of fir.

The black or blackish discoidal streak of the elytra

commences at about one-third the distance from the

base in a nearly straight frontal edge, and extends to the

apex and sides, not, however, including the extreme

apical or lateral margins; inwards it reaches the 2nd

stria from the suture. The general form is oblong,

rather narrow, and straight-sided ; the thorax flat.

Perigona sinuata.

Angustior, oblonga, minus depressa. Testaceo-rufa,

capite supra et elytris fusco-nigris, his marginibus et

linea suturali prope basin et apicem angusta sed post-

medium dilatata et interstitia 1—8 tegenti, rufis ; thorace

minus transverso, quadrato, postice longius et plus

minusve sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis fere rectis,

dorso convexiusculo, basi depresso ; elytris substriatis,

interstitiis prope suturam conyexis. Long. 3—3} mm.

Miyanoshita; Oyama. Under bark.

Perigona tachyordes.

Magis ovata et convexa; fusca, capite thoraceque

nigris vel castaneis, elytris testaceo-flavis macula com-

muni anteriori (a basi et lateribus distanti) fasciaque sub-

apicali fuscis; antennis partibus oris pedibusque tes-

taceis ; thorace valde transverso, postice sat angustato,

angulis posticis obtusis sed distinctis, dorso parum

convexo ; elytris prope suturam substriatis et interstitiis

convexis sed versus latera levissimis. Long. 3} mm.

Nagasaki, Kobé, and Kashiwagi.

Similar in colour and markings to P. Beccarti, Putz.,

from Borneo.

266 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Pogonus Japonicus, Putzeys.

Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1875, xviii., p. 8.

S. Nipon ; one example.

Not met with by Mr. Lewis.

Putzeys records a P. flavipes, Motsch., from Japan im-

mediately after the above ; the species is no doubt the

well-known Patrobus flavipes, and not a Pogonus, as the

author’s mode of entering it on the list would lead one

to infer.

Trechus discus, F.

Tokio ; Niigata ; Hakodate.

Three examples not distinguishable from European

specimens. ‘T'wo of them are rather larger, viz., 24—

33 lin. The size given by Schaum in the Ins. Deutschl.

is 24 lin.

Trechus oreas.

T. rubenti proxime affinis sed differt capite multo

angustiori, mandibulis valde elongatis, oculis parvis, etc.

Gracile ovatus sat convexus, castaneo-rufus glaber, palpis

antennis pedibusque pallidioribus ; capite angusto, elon-

gato, post oculos parvos gradatim angustato; thorace

quam in 7’. rubenti longiori, subcordato ante basin pro-

funde sinuato, angulis posticis acutis exstantibus ; elytris

elongato-ovatis, humeris nullo modo angulatis, striis

omnibus sat profundis 3—4 et 6—7 apice abbreviatis, in-

terstitiis convexis. Long. 53 mm.

Iwaki-san. Under stones by a streamlet near the

summit.

At first sight appears closely allied to T. rubens, but in

outline more nearly resembling T. procerus or T. navari-

cus; head and eyes similar in shape to those of the

latter, but mandibles still more elongated,

Trechus punctatostriatus, Putzeys.

Putzeys, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. 1877, p. 85.

Japan (Hiller).

Mr. Lewis does not appear to have met with this

species, which differs from 7’. ephippiatus in the striz

being all entire.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 267

Trechus vicarius.

T. suturali (Putz.) simillimus, differt oculis minus

prominentibus tubereque oculari post oculum longiori et

minus abrupte angustato. Breviter ovatus, elytris quam

in 7’. suturali paullo brevius et latius rotundatis ; cas-

taneo-fuscus, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceo- ‘rufis,

elytris sutura et margine anguste rufis ; thorace sicut in

T. suturala transverso, late- cordato, angulis posticis fere

rectis sed margine ante angulos nullo modo sinuatis ;

elytris, striis 4—5 distincte impressis et punctulatis

ceteris obsoletis, interstitio tertio punctis magnis tribus

(prima in stria quarta). Long. 34 mm.

Ontake.

Closely resembles 7’. sutwralis, Putz., from the Pyre-

nees. In colour the two are the same, except that in

T.. vicarius the external margins, as well as the suture,

are reddish. There are, however, minute but decided

structural differences, the chief of which is the longer

tumid orbit of the eye, together with the much less

convex eye itself. The elytral striz are also fainter,

and some of them more abbreviated towards the apex.

Tachyta nana, Gyllenhal.

Gyllenhal, Ins. Suec., ii, p. 30; Schaum, Ins.

Deutschl. I., i., p. 747.

In all the islands ; commonest under beech-bark, but

found sometimes under fir.

A generally-distributed insect throughout the north-

temperate zone; in America it extends into the tropics

as far as Guatemala.

Tachys scydmenvoides, Nietner.

Nietner, Ann. Nat. Hist., xii., 1858, p. 427.

Examples taken by Mr. Lewis at Hakodate do not

differ from Chinese specimens from Kiu-Kiang and Foo-

chow, which agree with Mr. Nietner’s description of the

species from Ceylon.

268 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Tachys reflexicollis.

Breviter ovatus elytris valde convexis; testaceo-rufus

palpis et pedibus flavo-testaceis, antennis (articulis 1—3

flavis exceptis) infuscatis; elytris paullo ante apicem

macula transversa indistincta fusca; sulcis frontalibus

elongatis, postice usque oculi marginem posteriorem

extensis; thorace relative angusto, quadrato-cordato,

postice sinuato-angustato ibique margine explanato-

reflexo, angulis elevatis acutis; elytris apice subacumi-

nato-rotundatis, striis utrinque profundis et punctatis 3,

quaram 2nda et 8ia apice valde abbreviatis, striis 4ta et

5ta perspicuis sed subobsoletis. Long. 23—3 mm.

Near Nagasaki; shaken from bamboo refuse.

The reflexed postero-lateral margins of the thorax and

raised acute hind angles distinguish this species. The

elytra are as convex as in 7’. globulus, but not so steeply

declivous at the apex. In general form the species

resembles 7’. apicalis from Natal.

Tachys euglyptus.

Ovatus, convexus, «neus, antennis et femoribus

piceis, his basi tibiis tarsisque flavo-testaceis ; fronte

utrinque striis impressis duabus brevibus; thorace late

quadrato, antice sat rotundato postice paullo angustato

sinuatoque, angulis posticis acutis supra carinatis ;

elytris striis omnibus valde impressis et punctatis 2—7

antice paullo, postice longius, abbreviatis, macula parva

rufa ante apicem. Long. 23 mm.

Tokio.

Cillenum Yokohame.

C. laterali simile sed magis depressum, antennisque

manifeste longioribus articulis singulis cylindricis. Supra

olivaceo-zneum, elytris alutaceis subopacis; pedibus

testaceo-rufis; antennis nigris, articulis 3-basalibus

rufis, palpis rufis, maxillaribus articulis 2 apicalibus

nigro-fuscis ; thorace sicut in C. laterale sed angulis

posticis obtusis nullo modo exstantibus; elytris prope

basin plaga utrinque indistincta fulva, interstitiis planis.

Long. 43 mm.

Kawasaki, near Yokohama ; one example.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 269

Lymneum quadriimpressum, Motschulsky.

P Motschulsky, Schrenck’s Reisen, ii., 2, p. 90, pl. vi.,

aS.

Bay of Avatcha; Kamchatka; Kuriles (Motsch.) ;

Hakodate, under stones on the beach (Lewis).

Although closely allied to L. nigropiceum, this species

is very distinct in the outline of its thorax (of which the

sides are more gradually narrowed in an incurved line

behind), and in its more oval elytra, brassy colour, black

antenne (except the basal joint), &e.

Bembidium (Notaphus) Batesi, Putzeys.

Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1875.

Bembidium niloticum, Dej., Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond., 1873, p. 301.

I have again compared a Japanese specimen with a

large number from Egypt and Mesopotamia, and find

the slight differences between them indicated by M.

Putzeys are not constant. It appears unnecessary,

therefore, to separate the Japanese form. B. opulentum,

Nietn., from Ceylon, appears to be the same species. An

allied form, widely distributed in Australia (B. Jack-

soniense, Guér. ?), has a decidedly broader thorax, and

other differences.

Bembidium (Notaphus) variwm, Oliv.

Oliv. ; Schaum, Ins. Deutschl., i., 1, p. 684.

Hakodate ; six specimens.

Although much smaller than European examples—

13 lin., the length given by Schaum being 2—2} lin.—

there seems no valid ground for separating the Japanese

form. According to von Heyden’s ‘ Catalog. der Coleopt.

von Sibirien,’ B. varium occurs throughout Siberia to

Baikal and Kamchatka.

Bembidium (Leja) articulatum, Panzer.

Shichinohé.

Two examples, much resembling British specimens.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1883.—PaRT III. (AUG.) Bs

270 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Bembidium (Leja) Sturmu, Panzer.

Panzer ; Schaum, Ins. Deutschl., i., 1, p. 729.

Hakodate; three specimens.

Bembidiwm (Leja) xanthocera.

B. Sturmii simillimum ; sed differt antennis testaceo-

flavis.

South Yezo.

Bembidium (Lopha) pediscum.

B. 4-maculato proxime affine et simile; differt solum

pedibus pallide testaceis femoribus apice leviter infus-

catis, antennisque obscure piceis articulis basalibus vix

rufioribus ; viridi-eneum, elytris (ut in B. 4-maculato)

utrinque flavo bimaculatis sed macula posteriori minore

rotundata interdum obsoleta, striato punctatis striis

exterioribus postice valde abbreviatis; thorace (ut in

B. 4-maculato) angulis posticis exstantibus. Long. 8—

33 mm.

Hakodate and Sapporo; in dry pastures.

I have compared this species with examples of B.

4-maculatum from Europe, East Siberia, and North

America, and find it differs constantly in its darker (and

somewhat shorter) antenne and paler legs, with slightly

fuscous knees. ;

Bembidium tetraporum.

B. prasino, Dufts., affine; sat depressum, olivaceo-

eneum elytris fusco-testaceis marginibus eneis utrinque

foveis duabus latis prima apud medium; antennis

articulo primo rufo pedibus testaceo-rufis ; sulcis fronta-

libus latis profundis flexuosis;. thorace transversim

quadrato ante basin sinuato modice angustato angulis

posticis rectis, fovea basi rugulosa bistriata juxta angu-

lum plica modice elevata; elytrorum striis integris 1—2,

3—4 et 6—7 apice conjunctis ibique 5ta profundius in-

sculpta et curvata. Long. 42 mm.

Awakisan ; Junsai; Sapporo.

Bembidium aureofuscum.

B. prasino, Dufts., affine. Angustior, parallelo-

morphum, supra fusco-aureum, versus latera viridescens ;

scapo rufo macula supra viridi-znea, pedibus piceo-rufis ;

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 271

foveis frontalibus latis ; thorace quadrato-cordato sinuato-

angustato, angulis posticis rectis subacutis, margine

basali utrinque obliquo, fovea basali bistriata, plicaque

angusta elongata prope angulum; elytris sat profunde

punctato-striatis, striis omnibus equaliter impressis,

interstitio 3i0 bifoveato. Long. 44 mm.

Nagasaki, Kumamoto, and Miyanoshita.

The elytral striz are equally impressed throughout, a

character which distinguishes the species from B. Hio-

goense, prasinum, and others, to which it is otherwise

allied. The two setiferous punctures of the elytra are

surrounded by large impressed fovee, almost as con-

spicuous as in B. tetraporwm, but the anterior puncture

is situated considerably before the middle, and not, as in

B. tetraporum, in the middle, of the elytra.

Bemlidium pliculatum.

B. aureofuscoaffine sed paullo minus parallelomorphum,

thoracisque plica juxta angulos parva vix perspicua.

Oblongo-ovatum subconvexum, zneo-nigrum, antennarum

scapo interdum subtus rufescenti; thorace subquadrato,

post medium modice sinuato-angustato, angulis rectis,

fovea basali utrinque profunda plicaque parva parum

elevata ; elytris passim profunde punctato-striatis, inter-

stitio 3io0 bipunctato, haud foveato. Long. 4—44 mm.

Sapporo; Iwakisan ; Sendai.

The striz are all strongly impressed, as in B. awreo-

fuscum, to which the species is nearest allied; but they

are more strongly and sharply punctured, and the two

punctures of the 3rd interstice are not impressed in

foveze or particularly conspicuous. The colour is dark

greenish brassy, antenne, palpi, and legs being also very

dark, except the scape, which in some specimens is

slightly reddish underneath. The stria and fold near

the hind angle of the thorax are very short and faint,

but distinct under the lens.

Bembidium (Peryphus) lucillum.

B. tibiali, Dufts., affine, sed minor et magis oblongum,

tibiis nigris, ete. Oblongum sat depressum, cyaneo-

nigrum supra subopalescens, antennarum scapo obscure

rufo; thorace cordato-quadrato parum transverso, pos-

272 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

tice sinuato-angustato angulis acutis, fovea basali utrin-

que profunda plicaque sat elongata juxta angulum ;

elytris passim acute striatis, striis subpunctulatis, punc-

tis utrinque majoribus duobus sat conspicuis. Long.

4 mm.

Hakone.

In the subopalescent surface gloss and dark blue

colour similar to B. lisonotum, Bates, but differs from

that species in having a thoracic fold or carina near the

hind angle.

The species agrees in many respects with B. atro-

ceruleum, Steph., but it is more parallel-sided, and

differs in the elytral strie being impressed throughout ;

the opalescent gloss is less visible in some examples

than in others.

Bembidium (Peryphus) amaurum.

B. ceruleo, Dej., simile, sed thoracis angulis posticis

exstantibus, acutis, elytris grossius punctato-striatis.

Oblongo-ovatum, sat convexum, nigro-ceruleum, antennis

pedibusque piceo-rufis, palpis pallide rufis; thorace

rotundato-cordato postice sat profunde sinuato-angus-

tato, angulis exstantibus, basi sparsim rugoso-punctato,

fovea utrinque profundo plicaque acuta prope angulum ;

elytris punctato-striatis, stria 7ma paullo minus (sed

usque ad apicem) impressa. Long. 55—6 mm.

Hakodate.

Bembidium Nikkoense.

B. Normanno, Dej., proxime affine; paullo major,

latius ovatum, pedibus rufis, etc., nigrum viridi-zeneo

tinctum, antennis articulis 1—2 et 3 basi pedibusque

testaceo-rufis, palpis rufis, articulo penultimo fusco;

sulcis frontalibus simplicibus, parallelis; thorace fere

sicut in 6. Normanno anguste cordato, basi grosse punc-

tato, fovea utrinque basali lato et profundo, angulis

posticis rectis; elytris paullo latius ovatis, striis modice

impressis, 4—7 apice abbreviatis (apice levissimo) ceteris

erosse punctatis, apice concoloribus. Long. 4 mm.

Nikko.

Answers in some respects to the description of B.

misellum, Harold; but the form of the thorax is

entirely different from that of B. velox and pusillwn,

with which the author compares his species.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 273

Bembidium (Peryphus) elongatum, De}.

Dej., Sp. Gen., v., p. 148.

Hakodate ; in crevices in a moist cliff.

The thorax is broader than in specimens from South

France, Madeira, and Mesopotamia, but not much

broader than in one from Malaga which I have at hand

for comparison, or than in examples from Imeritia.

The Japanese form differs, however, in having a few

punctures on the sides of the forehead, besides the

central puncture. B. thermarum, Motsch., from Hast

Siberia seems to be the same species.

Bembidium (Peryphus) cnemidotum.

B. cribro, Duval, affine et simillimum, sed differt

pedibus fusco-testaceis tibiis albescentibus, palpisque

articulo penultimo nigro. JF usco-cupreum politum,

versus apicem interdum rufescens; antennis articulis

1—2 palpisque (articulo penultimo nigro excepto) rufis,

pedibus testaceo-fuscis tibiis albo-testaceis ; capite et

thorace viridi-eneo tinctis, illo puncto mediano frontali,

hoc sat convexo, late cordato, prope basin solum angus-

tato-sinuato, angulis rectis, basi sicut in B. elongato

grosse punctato et late foveato ; elytris punctato-striatis,

striis 2—7 ante apicem obsoletis. Long. 5—53 mm.

Sapporo.

Bembidium (Peryphus) oxyglymma.

B. lissonoto, Bates, et decoro, Panzer, affinis sed differt

elytrorum striis omnibus acute insculptis, 6—7 prope

apicem abrupte terminatis nec conjunctis. Parvum,

oblongum, depressum, nigro-zeneum, antennarum scapo

rufo, pedibus palpisque basi rufo-piceis, thorace sub-

cordato-quadrato, postice modice angustato-sinuato,

angulis posticis subacutis, basi fovea sat profunda procul

ab angulo sita; elytris acute striatis (striis vix perspicue

crenulatis), omnibus equaliter insculptis, 1—5 apicem

conjunctis 2 apicem attingenti, 3—4 prope apicem con-

junctis, 6—7 paullulum ante apicem abrupte separatim

terminatis ; punctis duobus dorsalibus conspicuis. Long.

44—5}i mm.

Kumamoto ; Morioka.

274 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Bembidium (Peryphus) ewrygonum.

B. oxyglymme affine et simillimum, sed differt corpore

ovato nec oblongo, thoraceque magis transverso, basi

latiori et angulis posticis exstantibus acutis. Oblongo-

ovatum, nigro-eneum, antennarum scapo rufo, pedibus

fusco-piceis; thorace late quadrato, prope basin valde

sinuato modice angustato, apud angulos posticos dila-

tato, angulis acutis, fovea basali simplici alutacea ; ely-

tris acute striatis (striis vix perspicue punctulatis)

omnibus equaliter insculptis, 1—5 per apicem conjunctis,

2 apicem attingenti, 8—4 prope apicem conjunctis,

6—7 paullulum ante apicem separatim terminatis. Long.

54 mm.

Nagasaki ; Kumamoto.

The relations of this species to B. oxyglymma are

peculiar. The two seem to be found together, and are

identical in colours and sculpture; but they differ

distinctly in form, B. oxyglymma having the oblong,

parallelogrammical, outline of B. decorum and allies,

and B. eurygonum a broader and more ovate form,

approaching B. paludosum; with this the thorax is

distinctly broader behind, being laterally produced at

the angles, which are acute. It is probable, neverthe-

less, that the two are varieties of one and the same

species. There are males and females of both forms.

In striation the two species resemble B. planiusculum,

Mannerh., from N.W. America.

Bembidium (Peryphus) sanatum.

B. lunato, Dufts., proxime affine, sed differt thorace

multo angustiori anguste subcordato, postice valde

angustato ibique lateribus fere parallelis, angulis acutis,

fovea basali profundissima, punctata carinulaque elon-

gata juxta angulum. Hlongatum subgracile, olivaceo-

eneum politum, palpis, antennis (versus apicem leviter

infuscatis) pedibusque testaceo-rufis ; elytris immacu-

latis, punctato-striatis, striis, suturali marginalibusque

exceptis, ante apicem obsoletis ibique apice levissimis.

Long. 53 mm.

Niohozan ; near the snow in June.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 275

Bembidium (Peryphus) semiluitum.

B. colluto, Bates, affinissimum, forsan ejus varietas

geographica; minor, antennis articulis 5—11 et 4ti

basi, nigro-fuscis; elytris apice late et vage testaceo-

rufis. Hlongato-ovatum, viridi-eneum, palpis, anten-

narum articulis 1—3 et 4ti basi, pedibusque testaceo-

rufis ; thorace late quadrato, postice parum angustato,

basi utrinque bistriato plicaque juxta angulum ; elytris

striato-punctatis, striis 2—7 ante apicem obsoletis,

versus apicem rufescentibus, interdum toto rufo-trans-

lucentibus. Long. 44 mm.

Honjo; marshes.

Bembidium (Peryphus) chloreum, Bates.

Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 18738, p. 382.

Kumamoto and Ogura Lake. Previously recorded

only from Kiu-Kiang, China.

Bemlidium misellum, Harold.

Harold, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1877, p. 342.

Tokio (Hilgendorf).

A specimen from Wada togé, taken by Mr. Lewis,

agrees fairly well with von Harold’s description, except

that the striz, although strongly punctured, seem

scarcely enough deeply impressed. Von Harold com-

pares his insect to B. velox (lampros), to which the Wada

togé specimen is very closely allied.

Bembidium leucolenum.

Oblongo-ovatum, cupreo-fuscum lateribus viridi-zneis,

antennis palpis pedibusque nigro-fuscis, tibiis testaceis ;

sulcis frontalibus flexuosis subparallelis, inter suleum et

oculum puncto magno setifero; thorace late quadrato-

cordato, prope basin sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis

subacutis, fovea basali profunda plicaque acuta juxta

angulum; elytris parum convexis, punctato-striatis,

striis 8—7 prope apicem obsoletis, 8—9 sat separatis

sed in sulcum latum correntibus ante apicem conjunctis ;

femoribus sat incrassatis. Long. 54 mm.

Nikko ; in the streets, running in the sun.

276 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Very near B. lampros, but much larger and more

robust. The basal rim of the elytra forms a sharp

angle with the margin at the shoulder, as in B. splen-

didum.

Bembidium (Hydriwn) pogonoides.

B. splendido, Sturm, affine. Oblongum, eneum niti-

dum, antennis (articulis basalibus rufis exceptis) femori-

busque piceis, tibiis et tarsis testaceis, palpis rufis

articulo penultimo piceo ; thorace quam in B. splendido

latiori, late quadrato, paullo ante medium rotundato-

dilatato, deinde antice magis quam postice angustato,

angulis posticis rectis, basi bistriato plicaque prope

aneulum ; elytris humeris acutis et acute marginatis

punctato-striatis, striis parum impressis 2—7 versus

apicem vix perspicuis (Sta apice flexuosa et sat profunda

excepta). Long. 53—6 mm.

Niigata ; also Eastern Siberia.

Closely allied to B. splendidum, which, together with

many other allied species, belongs to the same section

(Hydrium, Lec. olim) as the North-American B. levi-

gatum, Say. It differs from B. splendidum by its larger

size, and by the thorax being much less narrowed

behind ; in fact, more narrowed in front and distinctly

wider at the base than on the front margin.

Bembidium eneipes.

B. striato, F., multo angustior, thorace subconico, a

basi usque ad apicem fere recte angustato. Supra viridi-

auratum vix nitidum, medio cuprascens ; antennis palpis

pedibusque viridi-eneis; capite angusto, sulcis frontali-

bus longis parallellis, interspatio angusto, convexo ;

thorace alutaceo, medio nitido, basi utrinque striola

curvata impresso ; elytris angustis, a basi oblique leviter

ampliatis, deinde parallelis, apice conjunctim subacute

rotundatis, punctato-striatis, striis 6—7 prope humeros

obliteratis, 8—9 sat late separatis sed profundius im-

pressis ; interstitiis planis, tertio punctis parvis duobus.

Long. 443—5} mm.

Sapporo ; Chiuzenji.

Of the species known to me most nearly ailied to

B. inserticeps, Chaud., but very distinct, and approach-

ing B. stenoderum, Bates; the two marginal strie are

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 277

more widely separated, and the elytra more obliquely

widened from the shoulders, than in B. inserticeps. The

thorax is of remarkable form, much the widest at the

base, and, with the exception of a very slight widening

in the middle, narrowed to the apex, the apical angles

advanced and acute. Dull-coloured specimens are red-

dish coppery, subopaque, with elytral borders widely

green, and extreme margins golden. In an immature

example the legs and antenne are pitchy red.

Bembidium chloropus.

B. eneipedi affinis, sed major; toto eneum nitidum,

pedibus viridi-eneis, femoribus basi tibiisque medio tes-

taceis ; antennarum scapo subtus testaceo, palpis articulo

penultimo viridi-eneo ; sulcis frontalibus elongatis, inter-

spatio convexo; thorace a basi usque ad apicem modice

angustato, medio paullulum dilatato, angulis anticis

productis, basi alutaceo, fovea utrinque modice im-

pressa; elytris ab humeris oblique ampliatis, deinde

parallelis, apice conjunctim acuminatis; punctato-

striatis, stria 7ma apud humerum obsoleta, 8—9 sat late

separatis sed profundius impressis, interstitiis planis,

tertio punctis duabus parvis. Long. 53—6 mm.

Hakodate.

Bembidium (Bracteon) striatum, Fab.

Fab.; Schaum, Ins. Deutschl., i., 1, p. 677.

Niigata.

Trigonodactyla insignis. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 6).

T. cephaloti, Dej., simillima, forsan ejus varietas geo-

graphica. Elongata, linearis, fulvo-testacea capitethorace

antennisque rufo-castaneis, elytris macula ovata com-

muni post medium nigra; capite magno fere quadrato,

levi, sulcis frontalibus postice intus curvatis; thorace

cordato grosse irregulariter punctato ; elytris punctato-

striatis, interstitiis planis, tertio punctis setiferis parvis

3 vel 4. Long. 8} mm.

Yuyama ; Hitoyoshi; under reeds on elevated downs.

Mr. Lewis has compared his specimens with others

of 7’. cephalotes from India in the British Museum, and

finds them specifically distinct. Among other dis-

tinguishing characters he remarked the impunctate

278 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

head and more deeply impressed frontal furrows; the

latter curve inwardly behind, and terminate before

reaching the crown; they are sharply and obliquely

cut, and separated from the fine sculptured line near

the eyes by a wheal, moderately elevated. The speci-

men figured is a variety, in which the elytral spot

extends to the apex.

Casnonia litura (Odacantha, id.), Schmidt-Goebel.

Schmidt-Goebel, Col. Birm., p. 22.

‘“‘Virgin’s Peak,” Nagasaki; three specimens.

Casnonia egrota.

C. (Odacanthe) fulvipenni proxime affinis et simillima,

sed differt statura graciliori precipue capite post oculos

rectius et longius angustato. Gracilis, nigro-fusca,

capite et thorace enescenti-nigris politis, antennis

articulis 3 et 4to basi pedibusque flavo-testaceis, elytris

fulvo-testaceis ; capite impunctato (mandibulis palpis-

que piceo-rufis) thorace quam in C. fulvipenni paullo

graciliori antice magis angustato, levi, pronoti margine

basi, prosternoque apice punctatis; elytris punctato-

striatis, striis basi parum versus latera et apicem nullo

modo, impressis. Long. 7 mm.

Niigata; Honjo.

Extremely near C. fulvipennis, which, if I have deter-

mined the species rightly, is found at Hong-Kong, and

not in Celebes, as stated by Chaudoir. It differs, how- |

ever, a little in form, the head in both sexes being more

straightly narrowed, and appearing longer behind the

eyes. The margins of the pronotum also have only a

row of large punctures, few in number, instead of being

thickly punctured, and the thorax seems to taper more

gradually in front.

Chaudoir gives no reason for placing his species in

Odacantha rather than in Casnonia. It is certainly

much more nearly related to the group of Casnonia of

which C. fuscipennis is the type, than to Odacantha

melanura. There appears, however, to be no structural

differences between the two genera, the shorter and more

oblong form of the thorax and slightly thicker palpi in

Odacantha being the only perceptible difference.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 279

Drypta Japonica.

Drypta lineola, Dej., var. Japonica, Bates, Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 308.

Abundant at Tokio, Kioto, Osaka, Nara, Niigata, and

other places, among reeds in marshes.

Mr. Lewis has convinced himself, on the comparison

of a long series, that this form is very distinct from

D. lineola, Dej. Baron Chaudoir (Bull. Mosce., 1877, i.,

262), is correct in saying that the Chinese examples of

lineola with which I compared D. Japonica are his D.

virgata, but he committed an error regarding D. Japonica

which is unintelligible; the differences stated in my

description are accurate, and hold good over a large

series of examples.

Drypta fulveola.

D. distincte affinis sed differt corpore supra toto badio-

fulvo, elytris vix perspicue fusco-marginatis; subtus

capite, pro- et mesothorace, coxis et trochanteribus

fulvis; metathorace abdomine et pedibus chalybeis ;

antennis fulvis scapo et articulo tertio dimidio apicali

chalybeo. Long. § mm.

Honjo, in Tokio; at roots of reeds. Very local.

Differs from D. distincta in form as well as in colour ;

being decidedly narrower and more slender in all its

parts; the interstices of the elytra also are more

strongly punctured.

Dendrocellus geniculatus, Klug.

Klug, Jahrb., 1., p. 52.

Yuyama; in bundles of a reedy grass on elevated

slopes, cut for roofing purposes. Also Burma, Assam,

Java.

Brachinus @neicostis.

B. stenodero, Bates, affinis sed angustior, elongatus

subgracilis, elytris obscure viridi-zneis subopacis, costis

utrinque 8 angustis zneis politis, tota superficie (costis

inclusis) minute granulatis; capite mox pone oculos

angustato, supra punctato; thorax minus elongato.

antice paullo magis rotundato-dilatato, postice sat pro-

funde sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis acutis, dorso

280 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

crebre ruguloso-punctato, abdomine (segmento 2ndo

medio rufo excepto) fusco ; antennis pedibusque testaceo-

rufis, articulis 3-—7 leviter infuscatis ; antennis minus

elongatis. Long. 12 mm.

Ogura Lake; a marsh-loving species.

Catascopus ignicinctus.

C. virenti, Chaud., affinis, supra nigro-cyaneus, elytris

igneo-cupreo marginatis, subtus nigro-piceus, antennis

palpisque apice piceo-rufis; fronte utrinque (prope

oculum) pluristriata, medio epistomate et collo levibus ;

vertice punctato ; thorace postice valde sinuatim-angus-

tato, angulis posticis acutis, dorso leviter striguloso ;

elytris sat late quadratis, apice ad suturam obtusissimis,

extus haud angulatis, dorso punctato-striatis, interstitiis

planis, 5to angustato modice convexo, 7to carinato, 8—9

igneo-cupreis. Long. 105—12 mm.

Yuyama and Konose; under bark.

Lioptera erotyloides. (Pl. XIII, fig. 5).

Late oblongo-ovata parum convexa, nigra, subopaca,

elytris fere levibus sericeo-nitentibus utrinque maculis

vel fasciis multidentatis rufis duabus, altera basali altera

paullo ante apicem ; capite coriaceo, versus oculos rugu-

loso; thorace valde transverso lateribus angulisque

anticis valde rotundatis, margine late explanato, angulis

posticis subrectis, supra opaco coriaceo; elytris sub-

tilissime striato-punctulatis, interstitiis planissimis et

subtilissime punctulatis, apice oblique sinuato-truncatis. -

Long. 11 mm.

Yuyama, in fungi on trees; and one example at

Junsai.

The red markings of the elytra are similar in form

to those of Hpiscapha and allied genera of Hrotylide.

The basal spot has three denticulations on its posterior

margin, and anteriorly emits a branch which extends to

the base and shoulder; the posterior spot or fascia

extends across the elytron, but without reaching the

suture or margin, and is dentate on both its edges.

The species fits but imperfectly into Chaudoir’s genus,

and differs in many important points from the only

other one known, L. quadriguttata from the Philip-

pines. I have had for some years in my collection a

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 281

large species from Borneo very closely allied to L. eroty-

loides, differing chiefly in the total absence of striz or

rows of punctures.*

Coptodera Japonica. (Pl. XIII, fig. 4).

C. piligere, Chaud., simillima, sed differt thorace

multo latiori et postice minus angustato. Late oblonga,

castaneo-fusca, partibus oris, antennis pedibusque ob-

secure rufis, femoribus tibiisque plus minusve infuscatis.

elytris utrinque maculis angulosis duabus fulvis, altera

prope basin interstitia 83—7 (interdum 4—6 vel 4—5

solum) tegentibus altera prope apicem apud interstitia

2—8, fasciam dentatam flexuosam formanti; thorace

valde transverso, mox a collo late rotundato post medium

modice et vix sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis rectis,

margine explanato-elevato plus minusve rufescenti ;

elytris apice parum oblique et sinuatim truncatis, sub-

punctulatim striatis, interstitiis omnibus equaliter con-

vexis. Long. 9—10 mm.

Kiushiu, elevated forests, in fungi.

Allied to C. subapicalis, Putz., and C. piligera, Chaud.,

the latter of which appears to be undescribed. It has

been communicated to me by M. René Oberthur as

bearing that name in the Chaudoir collection, and as

having been taken by Pere David in China.

Coptodera subapicalis, Putzeys.

Putzeys, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1877, p. 84.

Hagi (Hiller). In all the islands, rather common

in old trees in winter, and on foliage in summer.

Mochtherus luctuosus, Putzeys.

Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1875 (vol. xviii.), p. 9.

Kiushiu and south of main island.

Lioptera Plato. Magna, late-ovata parum convexa, nigra fere

opaca, elytris utrinque signatura angusta triramosa prope basin et

humerum, altera transversa (antice ramum unicum postice ramos

duo emittenti) rufis; capite et thorace coraceis et strigulosis, hoc

valde transverso, lateribus late explanato-reflexis, postice parum

angustato, angulis posticis vix rectis; elytris subtilissime punctu-

latis striis omnibus obsoletis. Long. 18mm. North Borneo.

282 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Dolichoctis ornatellus.

D. quadriplagiate, Mots., affinis sed multo minor

thoraceque medio angulato, etc. Sat elongato-ovata,

castaneo-fusca (subtus pallidior) capite thoraceque in-

terdum castaneo-rufis, elytris utrinque maculis duabus

rotundis fulvis; antennis, palpis, thoracis elytrorumque

marginibus pedibusque testaceo-fulvis, femoribus tibiis-

que interdum infuscatis ; capite subtilissime striguloso,

subopaco; thorace sat elongato, paullo ante medium

angulatim dilatato, deinde antice magis quam postice

subrecte angustato, angulis posticis fere rectis, dorso

striguloso sat nitido; elytris apice sinuato-truncatis,

angulis haud dentatis, dorso striatis, interstitiis planis.

Long. 5—5+ mm.

Yuyama and other places in Higo.

Very near D. (Mochtherus) rotundata, Schmidt-Goebel,

but apparently distinct. There are several other closely-

allied species in the Indo-Malayan region.

Dromws prolixus.

D. quadraticollis (Moraw.), Bates, Trans. Ent. Soe. .

Lond., 1878, p. 307.

D. agile, F., multo magis elongatus et relative an-

eustior, supra castaneo-fuscus subtus castaneo-rufus,

partibus oris, antennis et pedibus fulvo-testaceis ; capite

parvo, ovato, palpis gracilibus acuminatis; thorace

anguste quadrato, antice vix rotundato, postice parum |

angustato, subsinuato, angulis posticis fere rectis ; elytris

angustis, elongatis, postice gradatim sed perparum dila-

tatis, apice recte sinuato-truncatis, sat profunde sub-

punctulatim striatis, interstitiis subconvexis, subtilissime

alutaceis, nitidis, 7mo pluripunctato. Long. 63—73 mm.

Junsai; Kawachi; Nikko.

I had formerly referred this species to D. quadrati-

collis, Moraw., from the Amur, but it is clearly distinct,

though very closely allied, the antenne not answering to

Morawitz’s description ‘‘antennarum basi pedibusque

ferrugineis,’ but being unicolorous tawny-red. The

outline of the thorax varies a little; in specimens from

Nikko it is distinctly narrowed from the slight anterior

rounding to the base, and the posterior angles are very

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 283

slightly prominent ; but in others from Kawachi it is as

wide at the base as in front, and the angles are more

prominent. All intermediate gradations occur, and the

following may be only an extreme form.

Dromius campanulatus.

Paullo minus elongatus ; thorace campanuliformi, basi

dilatato ; ceteris ut in D. prolizo. Long. 54—63 mm.

Higo; Fukushima; Miyanoshita and Kiga.

The thorax is much the widest at the hind angles,

being narrowed thence, first in a straight and then in a

curved line to the anterior margin. As some gradations

occur, I doubt whether it keeps itself as a distinct species

from D. prolixus.

Dromius breviceps.

D. agile affinis, magis elongatus ; a D. prolixo et D.

agile differt capite ante oculos multo abbreviato, obtuso,

labro mandibulisque brevibus, palpis crassis, articulo

ultimo elongato-ovato prope apicem lateraliter excavato ;

elongato-oblongus, nigro-piceus, antennis palpis pedi-

busque fulvo-testaceis ; femoribus flavescentibus ; capite

brevissimo, post oculos nec rotundato, recte angustato,

fronte multi-rugulosa; thorace quadrato, antice fere ut

in D. agile usque ad collum modice rotundato, sed postice

minime angustato, angulis posticis elevatis apice rotun-

datis, dorso striguloso ; elytris parallelis, apice fere recte

truncatis, striis vix impressis interstitiis convexis. Long.

7 mm.

Yokohama, under Celtis bark.

Very distinctfrom D. prolixus and campanulatus. Colour

above wholly pitchy black, with a silky gloss; legs

yellowish testaceous ; palpi thick, last joint ovoid ; head

much shortened anteriorly, rounded, and obtuse ; elytral

strie very faint and not perceptibly punctulated, &c. It

is much more nearly allied toa Central American species,

D. Guatemalene, Bates; the row of punctures on the

7th interstice is scarcely visible.

Dromius crassipalpis.

D. brevicipiti proxime affinis, minus elongatus, quoad

forman D. agili similis, supra nigro-piceus, thorace

interdum rufescenti; antennis, partibus oris pedibusque

284 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

fulvo-testaceis; capite antice modice elongato, fronte

levi; thorace quadrato, postice sinuato-angustato, mar-

gine explanato-subreflexo, angulis posticis fere rectis ;

elytris apice leviter sinuatis, striis acutius quam in

D. agile impressis, interstitiis convexis alutaceis, 3i0 et

7mo seriato-punctatis. Variat pedibus piceo-rufis. Long.

6—7 mm.

Oyama, in Sagami.

Resembles D. agilis, but the head is perfectly smooth

above and not rounded behind the eyes, and the thorax is

less narrowed behind, with sinuated margins and nearly

rectangular hind angles. Palpi thickened as in D.

breviceps.

Blechrus glabratus, Duftsch.

Duftsch., Schaum, Ins. Deutschl., i., 1, p. 275.

Junsal; Sapporo.

A universally-distributed insect in the north-temperate

zone; in America ranging as far south as Mexico.

Blechrus maurus, Sturm.

Sturm, Schaum, l. c., p. 276.

Bukenji; in dry arable fields early in spring.

Rather more distinctly striated than Kuropean examples

usually are.

Metabletus quadripunctatus, Schmidt-Goebel.

Schmidt-Goebel, Col. Birm., p. 39. ?

Yuyama.

A single specimen agreeing with Schmidt-Goebel’s

description, except with regard to the punctures on the

8rd interstice, which, according to him, are two in

number, one in the middle, the other far behind,—in

fact as in D. foveola and inequalis. The single Japanese

example is evidently an aberration, as there are two punc-

tures on the left elytron and four on the right. It would

be unsafe to found a new species on a unique specimen

in doubtful condition.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 285

Demetrias marginicollis.

D. atricapillo longior, precipue capite et thorace magis

elongatis, illo post oculos prolongato perparum rotun-

dato, hoc ante basin vix sinuato angulis posticis obtusis ;

flavo-testaceus, capite nigro epistomate partibusque oris

rufis, thoracis marginibus, lateralibus anguste nigro-

fuscis, elytrorum sutura fusca ; capite impunctato ; ely-

tris punctulato-striatis, striis versus latera minime im-

pressis. Long. 5} mm.

Miyanoshita, Honjo, and Nowata.

In the elongate head and thorax agrees with D. Amur-

ensis, Motsch. (= sibiricus, Mor.?) and D. longicollis,

Chaud., from Eastern Siberia. But in the description of

neither is any mention made of the fine brown margins

of the thorax, which distinguishes the Japanese form ;

from D. longicollis besides, of which I possess a speci-

men, it differs in many points. The dusky streak

along the suture covers one interstice near the base and

widens to two interstices from the middle to near the

apex.

Lachnoderma asperum. (Pl. XIII, fig. 2).

Oblongum dense erecte pubescens, nigrum nitidum,

elytris, unguibus, abdominisque apice castaneo-rufis ;

capite grosse punctato medio sublevi; oculis valde

prominentibus ; thorace lato et brevi, basi lobato, antice

explanato-dilatato, rotundato, medio angulato, deinde pos-

tice valde sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis productis

acutis, limbo toto grosse scabroso-punctato, disco levi ;

elytris striato-punctatis, punctis profundissimis, inter-

stitiis sparsim punctulatis, apice transversim truncatis,

angulis exterioribus valde rotundatis ; tarsis supra pube-

scentibus, articulo 4to bilobato ; unguibus basi dilatatis

et longe pectinatis. Long. 8 mm.

Above Miyanoshita. One example under a stone;

another, partly eaten, in an ant’s nest; May 8rd, 1880.

I refer this curious species to the genus Lachnoderma,

instituted by W. Macleay for an Australian species in

Trans. Ent. Soc., N.S. W., vol. i., p. 321. Singilis

hirsutus, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 3338,

from Hong-Kong, is another species of the same genus.

Chaudoir referred Lachnoderma to his subgroup Physo-

dérides.

TRANS. ENT, Soc. 1883.—PaRT III. (AUG.) Y

286 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Pentagomca angulosa.

P. subcordicolli, Bates, similis sed differt ab omnibus

affinibus thorace utrinque biangulato; nigro-nitida,

partibus oris pedibusque flavo-testaceis, antennis piceo-

fuscis, articulis 2 basalibus pallidioribus, thorace ely-

trorumque marginibus angustis rufescentibus ; thorace

valde transverso, postice ab angulo laterali explanato-

marginato, ante basin obtuse angulato, deinde usque ad

basin sinuato ; elytris punctulato-striatis, interstitiis sat

convexis. Long. 5 mm.

Yuyama; Kashiwagi; Nikko; always in or about

fungi.

The second angle on the sides of the thorax is distinct

also in P. hexagona, Woll., and P. sutuwralis, Schaum, but

in no species is it so well developed as in P. angulosa,

the explanated margin forming a distinct projection.

Lebia fusca, Morawitz.

Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 318.

Miyanoshita and in Yezo.

Described by Morawitz from examples taken at Hako-

date. The fourth tarsal joint, as stated by the describer,

is bilobed.

Lebia duplex.

L. fusca simillima, sed differt tarsorum articulo 4to

emarginato nec bilobato, thorace et elytris haud distincte

rufo-marginatis. Long. 7} mm.

On all the islands; on foliage in May.

So near to L. fusca that there is scarcely any means

of distinguishing it except by the important structural

character of a simply emarginated fourth tarsal joint,

the same joint having two fully-developed lobes in L.

fusca. The form of every other part is as near as can

be the same; but there appears to be a constant diffe-

rence in the margins of the elytra and thorax being

concolorous with the rest of the surface in L. duplex and

reddish in L. fusca. The elytra have deep impunctate

stri#, with convex interstices, in both species.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 287

Lelna sylvarum.

L. japonice affinis; L. ide ejus sectionis similis,

thorace castaneo-rufo testaceo-marginato, sed differt

elytris prope apicem flavo-fasciatis. Supra piceo-nigra

nitida, thorace castaneo-rufo, testaceo-rufo marginato,

elytris macula magna angulata anteriori discoidali

fasciaque prope apicem (antice unidentata) margineque

testaceo-flavis; partibus oris, antennis pedibusque

testaceo-rufis; corpore subtus flavo-testaceo; oculis

prominentibus, capite fere levi; thorace transversim

quadrato, postice vix angustato, margine explanato-

reflexo recto, angulis posticis haud productis subrectis,

dorso subtiliter ruguloso ; elytris profunde striatis, inter-

stitiis convexis ; tarsorum articulo 4to bilobato. Long.

6+ mm.

Higo ; in moist forests at an elevation of 2000 feet.

Lebia Iolanthe.

L. japonica minor et angustior, oblonga, supra nigra,

thorace rufo, antennis palpisque nigris illarum articulis

2 basalibus fusco-testaceis, elytris margine laterale et

apicale maculisque ovalibus utrinque duabus (prima

discoidali ante medium, secunda apicali juxta suturam)

flavo-testaceis ; corpore subtus pedibusque flavo-tes-

taceis; capite subtilissime punctulato, prope oculos

ruguloso, oculis prominentibus; thorace transversim

quadrato, postice perparum angustato, margine explanato-

reflexo, sinuato, angulis posticis acutis, dorso subtilissime

coriaceo; elytris acute striatis, interstitiis subconvexis

alutaceis ; tarsorum articulo 4to bilobato. Long. 5—

54+ mm.

Ontake; Subashiri; on Arctium.

ADDENDA.

The following species, overlooked by Mr. Lewis on the

first arrangement of his new material, have to be added

to the foregoing Suppiement. They include one Pale-

arctic genus, Penetretus, new to the Japanese fauna,

and increase the total number of described species to

eis Po

288 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the

Eucalathus atricolor.

E. e@neolo angustior, piceo-niger, antennis partibus

oris pedibusque piceo-rufis, femoribus paullo obscuriori-

bus ; thorace potius ovato quam quadrato, postice magis

quam antice angustato, angulis posticis rotundatis ;

elytris profunde striatis, interstitiis convexis; tarsis

posticis subtus parce hirsutis. Long. 11—13 mm.

Chiuzenji; Nikko; Nara; in damp shady forests.

The thinner clothing of hairs on the soles of the

hinder tarsi prove that the dense clothing is not an essen-

tial generic character, this species belonging certainly

to the same group as E. eneolus. In immature examples

the legs and antenne are tawny testaceous. Some

examples are of very slender form, narrower in propor-

tion than Calathus Solieri.

Pristodactyla crocata.

P. cathaice affinis; gracilior, nigro-picea, antennis

partibus oris pedibusque fulvescenti-croceis ; thorace sat

elongato, lateribus modice rotundatis, ante angulos pos-

ticos perparum sinuato, angulis distinctis sed obtu-

sissimis, margine anguste explanato plus minusve rufe-

scenti; elytris oblongis, acute striatis, interstitis ¢

subconvexis, 2 planis margine interdum rufescenti ;

palporum articulo ultimo elongato, versus apicem leviter

dilatato, apice truncato. Long. 12—14 mm., dg, 2.

Hakodate ; Yokohama.

Two small males (9—11 mm.), taken at Sannohe, |

differ in their rather slenderer form, with sides of thorax

much less rounded.

Colpodes eurydamas.

Late ovatus, modice convexus, supra nigra nitida

elytris olivaceis subopalescentibus, antennis palpis tibiis

et tarsis piceo-rufis; capite levi, post oculos parvos

modice prominentes oblique angustato, collo sat crasso

nec constricto ; thorace paullo ante medium subangu-

latim dilatato, antice recte angustato, angulis anticis

productis, postice sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis

rectis, marginibus explanato-reflexis; elytris latis apice

late rotundatis, sinuatis, dorso striatis, interstitiis planis,

tertio 8-punctato; tarsis omnibus articulo 4to emargi-

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 289

nato (angulo exteriori longiori) ; posticis utrinque sul-

catis ; mesothoracis episternis modice elongatis, latis.

Long. 113 mm., ¢.

Yuyama; two examples.

Unlike any other Colpodes known to me, and difficult

to place in any of Chaudoir’s sections. The length of

the metathoracic episterna approaches that of the

species of his third chief section, but they are much

broader than in the numerous American species.

Colpodes Pryert.

C. splendenti et C.ameno proxime affinis ; aliter colo-

ratus, subtus antennis pedibusque piceis, supra olivaceo-

eneus politus, femoribus et palpis castaneo-rufis ; tarsis

omnibus supra bicarinatis, elytris apice suturali dentatis.

Long, 123 mm.

Oyama (Mr. Pryer).

The elytra are more brilliantly brassy olivaceous than

the head and thorax, and the under side is pitchy black,

instead of red as in C. splendens and C. amenus; the

sides of the thorax are less explanated and scarcely

reddish.

Diplous depressus.

Patrobus depressus, Dejean, Sp. Gen. Col., v., p. 705 ;

Chaudoir, Essai Monogr. s. 1. groupe des Pogo-

nides, p. 33.

Kashiwagi, river-bed on road to Shingu.

Mr. Lewis’ specimens do not differ from others with

which I have compared them from East Siberia.

Penetretus ambiguus.

Deltomero tatrico similis, paullo robustior ; elongatus,

subgracilis, nigro-piceus, glaber, subtus rufo-piceus,

partibus oris, antennis pedibusque rufis ; capite fere levi,

longe post oculos constricto; thorace fere sicut in

P. rufipenni cordato, antice minus rotundato, basi parce

punctato ; elytris elongato-ovatis, versus basin gradatim

angustatis, striatis, striis indistincte punctulatis ; tarsis

supra glabris. Long. 9—10 mm.

Summit of Ontake, July 29th, 1881.

290 Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan.

Belongs to Penetretus by the glabrous upper surface of

the tarsi, but in form and facies more resembling Delto-

merus ; the facies is something between Patrobus eaxca-

vatus and Deltomerus tatricus.

Penetretus dilatatus.

P. ambiguo brevior et latior; piceo-niger, antennis

partibus oris pedibusque picescenti-rufis; capite, fere

levi; thorace late cordato, antice valde rotundato, pos-

tice sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis acutissimis,

basi et lateribus punctatis; elytris latius ovatis, sub-

punctulato-striatis. Long. 8} mm. ;

Shimidzu-toge. One example (male) only.

Stomonaaus leviventris.

S. striatocolli similis sed angustior, elytris oblongis,

subtus toto corpore levissimo; piceo-niger, thoracis

lateribus postice et angulis rectis; elytris levi-sulcatis,

apice juxta suturam vix rufescenti; antennis, partibus

oris, pedibus, segmentisque 3 ultimis ventralibus, piceo-

fulvis. Long. 53 mm.

Hakone; many examples in decaying beeches. Head

and thorax sometimes rusty red.

EXPLANATION OF Puate XIII.

Fic. 1. Cicindela ovipennis.

2. Lachnoderma asperum.

3. Carabus grandis.

. Coptodera Japonica.

. Lioptera erotyloides.

. Trigonodactyla insignis.

. Broscosoma elegans.

AO Oe

( 291 )

XII. Revision of the Pselaphide of Japan.

By D. SuHarp.

[Read July 4th, 1883. ]

Until the year 1874 nothing whatever was known

about the Japanese Pselaphide, but in that year I was

enabled to describe, in the Society’s ‘ Transactions,’

twenty-four species of the family discovered by Mr.

Lewis ; and shortly afterwards Herr Julius Weise added,

in the ‘Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift,’ three

others found by Mr. Hiller at Hagi. Mr. Lewis has

recently returned from a second visit to the Archipelago,

bringing back with him a magnificent collection of

Coleoptera, which we may hope will be well worked out,

for it is sufficiently extensive to enable us to form an

approximately just estimate of this department of the

Japanese fauna, and to compare it with those of Europe

and North America. What amount of endemic pecu-

liarity in its fauna the Archipelago will ultimately prove

to possess must, however, still remain undetermined,

owing to the excessively imperfect state of our knowledge

of the natural history of the neighbouring regions, the

entomology of the North of China and of the Korea

being among the least known of any part of the world.

So far as the fauna of Eastern Siberia goes, there does

not appear to be so great an identity between it and that

of Japan, as from their geographical propinquity we

“might expect.

My. Lewis’ recent discoveries enable me to bring the

list of Japanese Pselaphide to sixty-seven species,

assigned to seventeen genera, nine of these latter being,

so far as we at present know, peculiar to Japan. Nearly

one-half of the Japanese members of the family I have

assigned to the genus Batrisus, which is one of the most

extensive and widely distributed of the components of

the family. The Japanese representatives of this genus

are extremely varied, and, if studied without relation to

those of other countries, might form several genera ;

TRANS. ENT. SoC. 1883.—PART III. (AUG.)

292 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

but when I examined the variations of structure existing

in the Batrisi of Europe, North America, and other

countries, I found it would not be desirable at present to

divide the Japanese forms, most of the genera recently

established at the expense of Batrisus being of doubtful

validity. The Japanese Batrisi exhibit, however, but

little affinity with the European members of the genus,

and, if we eliminate them and the members of other

widely-distributed genera from the list, we find that the

relationship of the Japanese Pselaphide to those of

Europe is limited to the possession of a species of the

genus Centrotoma and four of Bythinus, all being, how-

ever, distinct species from any found in Europe. On

the other hand, the contrasts between the two faune are

very striking. Bythinus forms, in Europe, thirty per

cent. of the Pselaphid fauna, whereas in Japan it is

reduced to six per cent. One-half of the Japanese

genera are not found in Europe, and nearly three-

fourths of the European genera have no species in

Japan; while the group Huplectini, forming one-sixth

part of the European fauna, has as yet no representative

in Japan. The two faune, then, have only a slight

special relationship. Special affinity between the

Japanese and North American faune of Pselaphide is

still less, and is limited to the possession by Japan of

three species of the genus T'mesiphorus. Although the

Japanese fauna in this department appears thus at

present to possess a considerable amount of peculiarity

or endemicity (as I have heard it well termed by Mr.

Bates), I am far from supposing that this will prove to

be really the case, for so little do we know of the

Pselaphide of the Oriental regions of the Eastern hemi-

sphere that it is quite probable the whole of the peculiar

Japanese genera may be ultimately found in these

‘terre: adhuc quoad Pselaphidas incognite,” and that a

considerable proportion of the actual species may be

found in China and the Korea. Our views, too, may

still be largely modified by the discovery of fresh forms

in Japan itself, for I think it probable that there are at

any rate 150 species of the family actually indigenous

there, and compared with this number the 67 as yet

brought to light appear comparatively unimportant.

Pselaphide of Japan. 298

The following is a list of the species arranged gene-

rically :—

PorovERvs.

Ctenistes armatus, Sharp.

medius, Sharp.

nH similis, Sharp.

CTENISTEs.

Ctenistes mimeticus, n. s.

a oculatus, Sharp.

ff discedens, n. s.

e breviceps, n.s.

CENTROTOMA.

Centrotoma prodiga, Sharp.

STIPEsA.

Stipesa rudis, Sharp.

RaAPHITREUS.

Tmesiphorus speratus, Sharp.

TMESIPHORUS.

T'mesiphorus crassicornis, Sharp.

a princeps, 0.8.

aa costatus, Weise.

Lazomimus.

Labomimus reitteri, n. s.

Lasinvs.

Lasinus spinosus, Sharp.

TyRUvs.

Tyrus japonicus, un. s.

Barrisus.

Batrisus euplectiformis, n. s.

7 spinicollis, n.s.

“ longicornis, n. s.

. angustus, Sharp.

5 punctipennis, n. 8.

x palpalis, n. 8.

“5 acuminatus, n. s.

“3 vestitus, 0. s.

- caviceps, 0.8.

re oscillator, n. 8.

0 politus n.s.

a8 concolor, n.'s.

+ Jissifrons, 0. 8s.

- ornatus, Sharp.

. basicornis, n.s.

Batrisus rugicollis, un. s.

as ornatifrons, n. s.

. stipes, Sharp.

“ solitarius, n. s.

* gracilis, n. s.

i dissimilis, Sharp.

=: puncticollis, n.s.

i fragilis, n.s.

- japonicus, 0.8.

“A fallax, n.s.

Pi similis, 0. 8.

“s pedator, n.s.

Hs modestus, Sharp.

PA antennatus, Weise.

3 optatus, Sharp.

Morana.

Morana discedens, Sharp.

ACETALIUS.

Acetalius dubius, n.s.

Bryaxis.

Bryaxis princeps, Sharp.

- alienus, Sharp.

3 cubitus, Sharp.

i mundus, Sharp.

si affinis, D. s.

: pullus, Sharp.

3 curtus, Sharp.

> crassipes, Sharp.

a4 latifrons, n. s.

TRIOMICRUS.

Triomicrus simplex, n. s.

ea protervus, Sharp.

Byruinvs.

Bythinus affinis, n.s.

a japonicus, Sharp.

- subseriatus, Weise.

ry reversus, N.S.

PsELAPHUS.

Pselaphus debilis, n. s.

; lewisti, n. s.

DIARTIGER.

Diartiger fossulatus, n.s.

Fs spiniger, D. 8.

— 294 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

PoRODERUS, 0. g.

Closely allied to Ctenistes, but the 2nd joint of the

maxillary palpus is destitute of articulated appendage.

Differs from Hnoptostomus by the great elongation trans-

versely of the terminal joints of the palpi, by the elon-

gation of the perpendicular front of the head, by the

elongate hind trochanters, as well as by the form and

stature, which are those of Ctenistes.

The genus will include, so far as at present known,

only the Japanese species, P. armatus, P. medius, and

P. similis.

Ctenistes armatus.

Ctenistes armatus, Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874,

|e Be

Mr. Lewis has found, at Yokohama, a few specimens,

male and female, of a Poroderus, the male of which

agrees pretty well with the typical male specimen of

P. armatus, except that the antenne are slightly shorter,

the 7th joint especially being less elongate, and the

terminal joints of the maxillary palpi scarcely so elon-

gate externally; they can scarcely be more than a

variety. In the female joints 4—6 are not quite so short

as they are in the male, and the 7th joint also is slightly

longer ; but the 8th joint is quite small, and the terminal

three joints are each a little shorter than in the male,

the 9th and 10th both being each ‘only about as long as

broad. These individuals indicate that the female indi-

cated by me as being perhaps that of C. armatus (Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 111) is more probably that of

a closely-allied distinct species; Mr. Lewis has indeed

found at Hakone a second example of it, but at present

it had better not be described, a knowledge of the male

being indispensable.

Ctenistes medius.

Ctenistes medius, Sharp, l. ¢.

Neither this nor the following have been yet found

again, so that both are still unique.

Ctenistes similis.

Ctenistes similis, Sharp, op. cit., p. 112.

Pselaphide of Japan. 295

CTENISTES.

This genus and its allies offer, even at present, great

practical difficulties in their limitation, each of them

showing much variety in structure of the forms included

in them. The Japanese species, even after the separa-

tion of those assigned to Poroderus, are heterogeneous,

C. mimeticus being apparently a typical Ctenistes, while

C. oculatus is very isolated ; and C. discedens approaches

in some respects to the North American forms of the

genus ; C. breviceps again belonging apparently to the

subgenus Sognorus of Reitter. The species seem to

be of great rarity, with the exception perhaps of C.

breviceps.

Ctenistes mimeticus, n. 8.

@. Rufus, nitidus, sat crebre setulosus; antennis

minus elongatis, apicem versus incrassatis, articulo

septimo quam contiguis paulo longiore, undecimo prece-

dentibus duobus simul sumtis paulo longiore. Long.

24mm. N.B. femine C. armati fere omnino similis, notis

generis fere tantum differt.

Ctenistes medius, 2 ?, Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1874, p. 112.

This insect resembles excessively the female of C.

armatus, but differs therefrom by the 2nd joint of the

maxillary palpi being armed with a seta, and by the

posterior trochanters being shorter and not clavate.

A specimen was found in the Nagasaki district, April

12th, 1881; and the insect I queried as being possibly

the female of C. medius is also an individual of this

species. The two specimens agree entirely in all

characters of importance, and are, I presume from the

structure of their antennz, females.

Ctenistes oculatus, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 110.

This remarkable insect is still unique, and is very

distinct from any other Ctenistes known to me; the

tenuity of its tibiz is very remarkable.

296 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

Ctenistes discedens, n. s.

3. Testaceus, crebrius pallido-setulosus, antennis

elongatis, articulis 90 et 100 precedentibus parum

longioribus, articulo terminali sat elongato ; capite brevi,

oculis magnis; prothorace brevi, setuloso sed haud

sculpturato, elytris hoc duplo longioribus ; pedibus elon-

gatis tenuibus. Long. 2 mm.

This is another very aberrant Ctenistes quite dissimilar

from any other known to me, and cannot be associated

with the species of either of the two subgenera proposed

by Reitter, nor with any North American species known

tome. The antenne are nearly 14 mm., the 3rd joint

rather longer than the 2nd, it and joints 4—8 scarcely

differing from one another, each longer than broad ; 9th

and 10th subequal, each longer (but not greatly so) than

the 8th; 11th joint about equal in length to them

together. Head short and broad, with very large eyes.

Thorax slightly transverse. Three first dorsal segments

about equal to one another. Hind trochanters mode-

rately long, stout, not clavate.

The individual described is no doubt a male; it has

the anterior trochanters and the base of the femora

armed beneath with erect sete, the metasternum deeply

and broadly impressed along the middle, and the ventral

segments somewhat depressed on the middle for the

greater part of the length of the hind body.

Hitoyoshi, 8th May, 1881.

A specimen found at Kioto on the 10th June, 1881, is

probably the female of this species; it has the same

setulosity on the front legs, and the trochanters corre-

spond, except that those of the middle and hind legs are

rather shorter; the antenne are different, being much

shorter ; joints 83—10 slender, each longer than broad ;

10th about equal in length to the 8rd, but a little

stouter; terminal joint rather stouter, as long as the

three preceding together ; metasternum less impressed ;

ventral segments not impressed.

Ctenistes breviceps, n. s.

Flavo-castaneus, elytris rufescentibus, crebrius, sub-

tiliter flavo-setulosus, palpis testaceis articulis ultimis

extus parum prolongatis ; capite brevi, lato; prothorace

Pselaphide of Japan. 297

transverso, basi vix discrete foveolato, elytris hoe vix

duplo longioribus. Long. 1} mm. Mas, antennis

articulis 83—7 brevioribus, 8—11 elongatis inter se sub-

eequalibus. -

This species may be placed in the subgenus Sognorus,

Reitter. Compared with Ctenistes Oberthuri, it is

slightly larger, with the elytra longer and not so narrow

in front ; the antennez of the female are formed much as

in that sex of C. Oberthwri, joints 83—9 differing but

little from another, while the 10th is rather larger,

slightly transverse ; terminal joint large and stout, as

long asthe three preceding together. In the male joints

4—7 are short and similar to one another ; 8—10 elon-

gate, subequal, each twice as long as broad; terminal

joint rather longer than the preceding. . Head quite

broad and short, the two fovee of the vertex large.

Thorax evidently transverse. Hlytra densely setulose at

their hind margin. Posterior trochanters quite short.

The sexual characters, except as regards the antenne,

are slight.

Tokio, 25th March, 1880; Yokohama; Niigata, 13th

September, 1881 ; in all seven specimens, of which two

only are males.

CENTROTOMA.

Centrotoma prodiga, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 107.

Mr. Lewis has found a second individual of this

species, with the claviger ant, on the Shiwojiri-toge,

30th July, 1881. The species is truly a Centrotoma,

distinguished from C. lucifuga by the more distant and

coarser setulosity, and by the less transverse, more bead-

like, joints of the antenne.

STIPESA.

Stipesa rudis, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 109.

This anomalous insect is still unique, and on looking

at it again, as 1 am enabled to do by the kindness of

Mr. Lewis, I can find nothing in my description to alter

or supplement. It appears to be, as conjectured by

Herr Reitter, an anomalous member of the Ctenistini,

having probably, though not certainly, unequal claws

298 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

to the tarsi; the squamosity of the surface is such

as is considered diagnostic of the Ctenistint by Herr

Reitter.

RaPHITREUS, 0. g.

This genus is established for T'’mesiphorus speratus,

Sharp. When describing that insect I alluded to certain

characters which distinguished it from its North American

congeners, but did not think it necessary to give it a

separate generic name; the progress of analysis since

then renders this now inevitable. The important fact

that each of the three terminal joints of the maxillary

palpus is provided externally with a setiform appendage

differentiates the insect from T'mesiphorus; in this

respect it somewhat resembles Desimia, Reitter (Tetracis,

Sharp), but this is the only point of considerable approxi-

mation between the two, and the structure of the head,

thorax, and hind body are quite different. The other

two Japanese T'mesiphori will pretty certainly constitute

also a genus distinct from T'mesiphorus, as they have

the mesosternum entirely ecarinate; but as this

character has not been examined hitherto in the allies,

they may at present remain in the genus. faphitreus

has the three terminal joints of the maxillary palpi rather

stout and acuminate (but not prolonged) externally, and

each armed with a conspicuous articulated seta; the

head, thorax, and elytra are formed as in T'mesiphorus,

and the basal dorsal plates of the hind body are cari-

nate; the mesosternum also is strongly carinate along

the middle. Whether T. costatus, Weise, be a Raphi-

treus or not, I cannot say; the species has not been

found by Mr. Lewis, and is unknown to me.

Tmestphorus speratus.

Tmesiphorus speratus, Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1874, p. 109.

Mr. Lewis has now found three other males of this

species on Maiyasan, Kobe, 14th July, 1881; Kashi-

wagi, 28rd June, 1881 ; and at Oyama, 25th May, 1880.

The female is still unknown.

Pselaphide of Japan. 299

‘TMESIPHORUS.

Tmesiphorus crassicornis, ni. 8.

Major, sat elongatus, fere nudus, parum nitidus rufus,

antennis crassis, articulis 2—8 transversis, clava magna ;

prothorace densissime punctato, elytris abdomineque

parce obsolete punctatis, illis ad humeros late pro-

fundeque impressis ; mesosterno ecarinato. Long. 8 mm.

The peculiar sculpture and the excessively abbre-

viated clothing (the latter appearing indeed, without

careful examination, to be entirely absent) render this

fine species very readily identified; it has moreover the

eyes less coarsely facetted than the other Tmesiphori ; the

sculpture of the thorax is excessively dense, so that the

surface appears rugose and its punctuation less distinct

than usual; the basal joint of the antenne is elongate,

about as long as the three following together.

In the male the antenne are stouter than they are in

the female, and the club is excessively thick; the 10th

joint has its outer part sliced off, and this is also the

case with the basal part of the following joint, and the

2nd and 3rd ventral segments are slightly depressed on

the middle.

Mr. Lewis has found three specimens ; one male with

a black ant at Suwa Temple, Nagasaki, July 31st, 1871 ;

a second male, also with a black ant, at Shiba, in Tokio,

May 21st, 1880; and a female at Nanaye, S. Yezo.

T'mesiphorus princeps, 0. 8.

Major, elongatus, fusco-rufus, elytris rufis, crebrius

breviter pubescens, parum nitidus, antennis elongatis,

clava (femine) presertim elongata, prothorace densissime

sculpturato, opaco; elytris abdomineque obsolete punc-

tatis, illis ad humeros depressis ; mesosterno ecarinato.

Long. 34 mm.

Judging from a single female, this is allied to 7’.

crassicornis, but is abundantly distinct; tbe setiform

appendages on the 2nd and 8rd joints of the palpi are

remarkably elongate, and the subocular patches of

pubescence are greatly developed; and the abdominal

carine only reach the base of the 2nd segment instead

300 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

of extending for the greater part of its length, as they do

in T’. crassicornis.

Found in company with a black ant at Futai, Sept.

20th, 1881.

Tmesiphorus costatus, Weise.

Weise, Deutsche Ent. Zeit., 1877, p. 99.

Oshiroyama, near Hagi; found by Hiller.

I have not seen the species, which has not been met

with by Mr. Lewis.

LABOMIMUS, 0. g.

The characters of this new genus are similar to those

of Lasinus, with two important exceptions, viz., that

joints 2—4 of the maxillary palpi are angulate ex-

ternally, and that the basal dorsal plate of the hind

body is remarkably elongate, fully as long as the elytra.

The basal joint of the antenne is elongate, and the head

is furnished with a very elongate prominence, the

antenne being inserted on the under surface of the

anterior part of this prolongation. The trochanters are

very elongate. The genus is thus a very distinct one to

be located near Lasinus and Tmesiphorus.

Labomimus reitteri, n. 8.

Elongatus, convexus, piceo-rufus, nitidulus, evidenter

pubescens, prothorace obsolete trifoveolato ; elytris stria

suturali impressa, aliaque discoidali abbreviata, his striis

ad basin foveolatis, abdomine segmento primo dorsali

valde elongata, basi utrinque plicula elavata sat elongata.

Long. 33 mm.

Antenne stout, dark red, very elongate ; basal joint

about as long as the four following together, the three

terminal joints forming a long slender club. Head

coarsely and closely granulose-punctate, opaque; gene

angularly prominent beneath. Thorax narrow, longer

than broad, very convex, the convex dise without sculp-

ture, the rest granulose-punctate, an obscure fovea on

each side (not near the base), and a more distinct one in

the middle near the base. Elytra rather longer than the

thorax, much narrowed at the shoulders, very sparingly

Pselaphide of Japan. 301

punctate. Hind body nearly black, sparingly pubescent.

Legs elongate.

The unique example is, I presume, a male; the ante-

rior trochanters have a short slender spine beneath, the

femora a very long one; the middle trochanters have at

the extremity a slender spine, and before this one or two

acute asperities ; the corresponding femora are angulate

in the middle, and armed with a minute spine.

Hakoné, May, 1880.

I have much pleasure in naming this fine Pselaphid in

honour of Herr Edmond Reitter, of Vienna, whose

recently published ‘Attempt at a Systematic Arrange-

ment’ of the family supplies a valuable clue for the

determination of the numerous genera of the family.

LAsINUvs.

Lasinus spinosus, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 106.

Mr. Lewis found this species on several occasions

about Nagasaki, in the months of March and April, 1881,

and also at Kuroheiji, Miyanoshita, Kiga, Kioto, Kobe,

Osaka, and Oyama, in Sagami; at Osaka it was found

as late in the season as the 8th July.

It shows considerable variation in certain points, and,

as the characters distinctive of the sexes are of a very

peculiar and even contradictory character, it is desirable

to briefly notice them. The male has a polished space

on the inner face of the 10th joint of the antenna, near

its apex; this space is variable in size, and where it is

most developed the spot is also excavate, and the upper

margin of the excavation is prolonged ; occasionally this

joint is simple: the anterior trochanter bears an acute

spine, and the femur a still longer one; the middle

trochanter is very strongly angulate beneath, and the

femur has a very minute acute denticle. The armature of

the female legs differs in that the spines are usually rather

longer, and that the middle trochanter bears two spines,

of which the outer one is rather elongate; thus the legs

in this sex are more spinose than in the male. In each

of the sexes the antenne vary much in the elongation

of their joints.

TRANS. ENT. SOc. 1883.—PaRT II. (AUG.) Z

302 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

Tyrvs.

Tyrus japonicus, n. s.

Rufus, abdomine fusco-rufo, evidenter pubescens, pro-

thorace impunctato, basi linea curvata impressa parum

distincta ; elytris humeris sat prominulis, intra humeros

depressis, ad basin minute quadrifoveolatis, stria sutural,

aliaque discoidali abbreviata ; abdomine segmento primo

dorsali in medio ad basin plicula elevata parum con-

spicua. Long. 2 mm.

Mas, antennarum clava elongata, articulis 9 et 10

latitudine longioribus, femoribus anterioribus parum

perspicue bituberculatis, trochanteribus intermediis

longius bispinosis, abdomine longitudinaliter in medio

depresso.

This species, allied to the European Pselaphus mucro-

natus, Panz.,isnevertheless abundantly distinct therefrom

by the rufescent colour, by the pubescent surface, less

elongate thorax, and by the male characters ; it has, too,

the maxillary palpi larger, though similarly formed, and

their articulated apical seta remarkably conspicuous.

Nagasaki, March, 1881 ; Hitoyoshi, May 16th; Kobe,

June 6th; Wada togée, Aug. Ist. In each case a single

specimen only was found.

BatTrisus.

The fine series of species of this genus, discovered by

Mr. Lewis, shows that these forms constitute the most

important portion of the Pselaphid fauna of Japan.

They exhibit much variety in their structural characters,

while the secondary sexual characters of the males show

a multiplicity of various extraordinary and inexplicable

structures of different kinds, and situate in diverse parts

of the body, forming a series that is, I think, without

equal in any other genus of Coleoptera. Although

species of the genus Batrisus are in the European fauna

but few, yet in many other parts of the world they form

a large and important part of the Pselaphide, and a

division or arrangement of the species is necessary, if

only to facilitate their determination. Several genera

and subgenera have been erected for the species, based

chiefly on the European and North American forms, but

they cannot be looked on at present as satisfactory, and

a monographic revision of the whole of the genus will

Pselaphide of Japan. 303

be necessary before satisfactory results can be hoped for.

The Japanese species do not fall satisfactorily into any

of the genera or subgenera already established, and as

it would be clearly, under the circumstances, unadvisable

to create more new names, I have grouped the species in

a preliminary manner so as to facilitate their study.

Unfortunately the individuals of the species at my

disposal are very few, the Batrisi in Japan, as elsewhere,

apparently occurring to the collector only occasionally,

and even then only in ones and twos.

I. 1st dorsal segment of hind body but little longer than the

2nd; 1st, 2nd, and even 8rd segments with very

slightly raised, but true, lateral margins ; no spur at

extremity of hind tibia; terminal joint of maxillary

palpi short. B. euplectiformis only.

Batrisus euplectiformis, n.s.

Minus convexus, evidenter pubescens, rufescens, ely-

tris sanguineis; antennis crassiusculis articulis tribus

ultimis conspicue latioribus; vertice profunde lateque cur-

vatim impresso; prothorace ante basin in medio canalicu-

lato, versus basin fortiter angustato, lateribus in medio

angulatis ; elytris subtiliter punctulatis, stria suturali

subtili, pliculaque discoidali valde abbreviata, humeris

minute angulatis ; abdomine segmento duobus basalibus

subequalibus, segmentis 1—3 ad latera submarginatis.

Long. 2 mm.

Mas, trochanteribus posterioribus subspinosis, seg-

mentis ventralibus in medio depressis. Fem. incog.

This interesting species can be confounded with no

other, by reason of the abdominal structure and the

Euplectus- or Trichonyx-like form; it has no trace of

a spur on the hind tibie.

A single individual only has been found on the bluff at

Yokohama, May, 1880.

II. 1st dorsal segment only about twice as long as the 2nd ;

side-piece of 1st segment very narrow, so as to form

nearly or quite a lateral margin; such may also be

distinguished, though very obscure, on the 2nd segment.

Hind tibia without apical spur (or with only the rudi-

ment thereof). Mazillary palpi rather elongate.

B. spinicollis, B. longicornis, and B. angustus.

304 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

The species of this group prove clearly that De Sauley

is correct in considering that the side-piece marked off

by the curved plica of the 1st dorsal plate is really the

homologue of the lateral margin; in B. spinicollis and

B. longicornis this line is very close to the outside, and

thus marks off a lateral margin, which is slightly raised ;

in B. angustus the line is further from the side, and

makes the transition to the more ordinary species of the

genus, in which a side-margin appears to be entirely

wanting.

Batrisus spinicollis, n.s.

Rufescens, elytris sanguineis, longius pubescens, minus

subtiliter punctatus ; antennis elongatis, articulo singulo

latitudine longiore; prothorace ad basin fortiter-angus-

tato, ineequali, disco profunde canaliculato, angulis ele-

vatis quatuor armatis, lateribus impressis, medio lateris

angulo prominulo ; elytris minus elongatis, minus sub-

tiliter punctatis, humeris parum angustatis, angulo

prominulo minuto, striola discoidali brevi, obscura, basi

quadrifoveolato ; abdomine minus subtiliter punctulato,

segmento secundo dorsali minus brevi, segmento basali

parum elongato, secundo haud duplo longiore, plicula

laterali a margine parum remota. Long. 22 mm.

The unique individual of this very distinct species is

apparently a female; the forehead is depressed in the

middle, the clypeus simple, the vertex carinate in the

middle, but not at the sides, and the legs are quite

unarmed.

Hitoyoshi, 7th May, 1881.

Batrisus longicornis, u.s.

Anegustus, convexus, rufus, longius pubescens, antennis

pedibusque elongatis, gracilibus; prothorace ad basin

fortiter angustato, inzequali, opaco, disco profunde cana-

liculato, utrinque carinula elongata posterius angulatim

elevata, ad latera impresso; elytris parce haud fortiter

punctatis, stria suturali subtili, discoidali fere nulla;

abdomine minus subtiliter punctulato, segmento secundo

dorsali minus brevi, segmento basali parum elongato,

secundo vix duplo longiore, plicula laterali ad marginem

approximata. Long. 2 mm,

Pselaphide of Japan. 305

Mas, metasterno basi in medio angulariter bipromi-

nulo, trochanteribus posterioribus spinosis, abdomine

segmento ultimo ventrali impresso.

Another very distinct species, allied, however, in many

respects to B. spinicollis ; the hind tibiz are armed with

a very short spur.

Two males of this species were found at Miyanoshita ;

and a female at Ichiuchi, on the Kumagawa, 1st May,

1881.

Batrisus angustus, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 113.

A second specimen of this species was found at Kiga ;

and another, with the front of the head rather differently

formed, at Nagasaki, on the 18th April, 1881. lam by

no means sure whether this latter individual is the male

of B. angustus or another species altogether.

III. 1st dorsal segment twice or three times as long as 2nd,

its side-piece quite broad, though very distinct. Hind

tihe with long apical spur; maxillary palpi with

more or less elongate terminal joint. B. puncti-

pennis, B. palpalis, B. acuminatus, and B. vestitus.

The four species here associated are very distinct, B.

palpalis having a peculiarly slender elongate terminal

joint to the maxillary palpi, B. acwminatus an unusually

conical hind body, and B. vestitus a largely-developed

basal joint to the antenna, an enlarged cavity for its in-

sertion (in the male at any rate), and a tibial spur less

elongate than in the other species; it approaches in

most respects to the species of Group VI., and its

affinities will require more consideration.

Batrisus punctipennis, n. 8.

Gracilis, rufus, parce sed evidenter pubescens, antennis

fere gracilibus ; palpis articulo ultimo elongato, gracili,

capite lateribus pone oculos conspicue setigeris, vertice

utrinque longitudinaliter carinato ; prothorace elongato,

elytris hoc longioribus, intra humeros impressis, fortiter

punctatis ; abdomine segmento primo dorsali sequenti-

bus duobus paulo longiore, ad latera utrinque linea cur-

vata a margine remota ; tibiis posterioribus apice calcari

elongato. Long. 2mm.

306 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

This species, of which I have seen but two individuals

of doubtful sex, much resembles B. angustus, but the

hind tibie are armed with an elongate apical spur, and

the curved line on the 1st dorsal plate is widely distant

from the outside; the front of the head, too, in B.

punctipennis is simple, but this may be only due to a

difference of sex. The elongation of the terminal joint

of the maxillary palpi approximates the species to B.

palpalis, next which, notwithstanding the great difference

in size, I have placed it.

The two individuals found have a very slight mucro-

nation of the apex-of the middle tibie.

Miyanoshita and Hakone.

Batrisus palpalis, u. s.

Major, densius pubescens, rufus, abdomine piceo, an-

tennis sat crassis, elongatis, palpis articulo ultimo elon-

gato, gracili; capite minus brevi, posterius angustato,

oculis in medio laterum sitis, post oculos longius seti-

gero; prothorace elongato, medio canaliculato, utrinque

versus basin angulo elevato, ad latera longitudinaliter

impresso ; elytris striola (fere plicula) discoidali abbre-

viata, evidenter punctatis ; abdomine segmento basali

parum elongato. Long. 3} mm.

Mas, antennarum articulo ultimo elongato, oblique

acuminato, intus ad basin processu prominulo ; femori-

bus intermediis ad basin margine posteriore spina tenui

armato. Fem. incog.

This fine and distinct species, by the shape of its head,

reminds one of Amawrops, from which, however, it is

very different by its robust make, and the comparatively

short 1st dorsal segment. The large vertex of the head

is shining, and separated by an elongate angular mark

from the elevated antennal portion; this latter is in

front much elevated and punctate, and bears behind an

elongate carina; the forehead grades off to the clypeus

without any interruption ; the curved plica on each side

of the basal dorsal plate is very far removea from the

side ; this plate is only a little longer than the 2nd and

8rd together, the 4th is more elongate than the 3rd,

distinctly but not greatly shorter than the 1st ; the apical

spur of the hind tibie is very elongate.

A single specimen was found at Mayebashi, Aug. 28th,

1881.

Pselaphide of Japan. 307

Batrisus acuminatus, n. s.

Rufus, evidenter sed minus dense pubescens, antennis

sat crassis, haud elongatis, palpis articulo ultimo sat

elongato; capite minus brevi, posterius angustato,

oculis in medio laterum sitis, post oculos longius seti-

gero ; prothorace sat elongato, medio canaliculato, utrin-

que breviter carinulata, carinula posterius angulatim

elevata, ad latera longitudinaliter impressa; elytris for-

titer punctatis, striola (fere plicula) discoidali abbreviata ;

abdomine conico, acuminato, segmento basali parum

elongato, sequentibus duobus vix equali. Long. 24 mm.

Mas, incog.

The unique female appears to indicate a species closely

allied to B. palpalis, and ‘as of that species only the

male, and of B. acuminatus only the female, is known,

it is probable that the differences are in part sexual; B.

acumunatus is, however, much smaller, has a scantier

pubescence, more strongly punctured elytra, and a

peculiarly conical hind body. The apical spur of the

hind tibiz is very elongate, as in B. palpalis, and the

curved plica of the basal dorsal plate is very widely

removed from the side. The antenne are not so long as

head and thorax ; joints 4 and 5 are each about as long

as broad, 6—8 very slightly shorter, 9th and 10th rather

broader, the latter evidently transverse; terminal joint

stout, obliquely acuminate, not so long as the three

preceding together.

Nagasaki, 28th February, 1881.

Batrisus vestitus, n. s.

Major, robustus, rufescens, densius pubescens, palpis

articulo ultimo sat elongato; prothorace medio tenuiter

canaliculato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ; elytris

humeris haud denticulatis, striola discoidali abbreviata,

basi tantum quadrifoveolato ; abdomine segmento basali

sequentibus duobus quali; tibiis posticis calcari apicali

. minus elongato. Long. 3 mm.

Mas, antennis articulo basali crasso, facie anteriore

subproducto, capite supra antennas crasse elevato, inter

eas anterius depresso, clypeo verticali, carina elongata,

transversa, sinuata munito, in medio altiore; tibiis

anterioribus intus in medio denticulatis, abdomine seg-

308 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

mento ultimo ventrali fovea magna et profunda depressa.

Fem. incog.

The antenne are stout ; joints 2—8 but little different

from one another, being each about as long as broad ;

9th joint very slightly, 10th a little more distinctly,

broader ; terminal joint scarcely broader, as long as the

two preceding together, acuminate.

This species appears in the male sex to be very distinct ;

two specimens have been found. Hakone, amongst

rotten wood; Chiuzenji, 24th Aug., 1881.

1V. 1st dorsal segment about twice as long as the 2nd;

side-piece broad or moderately broad. Hind tibia

without apical spur. Front of head in male remark-

able. B. caviceps and B. oscillator.

In B. oscillator the line marking off the side-piece of

the ist dorsal segment does not extend to the hind

margin.

Batrisus caviceps, n.s.

Major, gracilis, densius pubescens, rufus, antennis sat

crassis, elongatis, palpis articulo ultimo sat elongato ;

capite minus brevi, posterius angustato, sed truncato,

angulis posterioribus minute prominulis, dense pube-

scentibus, antennis a labro fissura profunda divisis ;

prothorace elongato, medio canaliculato, utrinque versus

basin angulo elevato minuto, ad latera impresso; ely-

tris crebrius evidenter punctatis, absque striola dis-

coidali; abdomine elongato, segmento dorsali primo

parum elongato, sequentibus duobus vix equali. Long.

3 mm.

This is another very peculiar species, of which only a

single specimen has been found; it is very remarkable

by the structure of the head, which is thickened in the

vertical direction, and so formed that the upper portion,

on which the antenne are inserted, is separated by a

deep fissure from the labrum ; the fissure can only be

seen by looking at the head from the front ; the antenne

have the basal joint rather long and stout, joints 2—9

each longer than broad, 10th about as long as broad,

terminal joint stouter, acuminate, as long as the two

preceding. The sides of the head are densely pubescent,

and the under surface likewise. The lateral plica of the ~

Pselaphide of Japan. 309

abdominal basal segment is at the base only moderately

distant from the side.

The sex of the unique individual is uncertain.

Yuyama, May 12th, 1881.

Batrisus oscillator, n. 8.

Robustus, densius pubescens, subtiliter punctatus,

subopacus, rufescens ; prothorace medio tenuiter canali-

culato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis; elytris

crebrius subtiliter punctulatis, humeris haud denticu-

latis, intra humeros depressis sed vix plicatis, basi fere

absque foveolis; abdomine segmento basali sequentibus

duobus equali; tibiis posticis calcari apicali perbrevi.

Long. 2+ mm.

Mas, antennis articulo basali inflato, faciei anterioris

angulo externo producto, capite supra antennas valde

prominulo, inter eas profunde depresso, sub antennas

longius penicillato; clypeo verticali, carina elongata,

transversa, in medio processu libero parvo armata ;

abdomine segmento ultimo ventrali late impresso. Fem.

incog.

This species is remarkable from the finer and close

punctuation of the surface; the head is without any

coarse punctuation, even on the greatly elevated antennal

protuberances ; it is allied by the structure of the head

and antenne to B. vestitus, from which it is readily

distinguished by the very stout apical spur of the hind

tibie.

Two specimens found with a Formica under a stone on

the Mikuni togé, 22nd Sept., 1881.

V. Surface of body glabrous. B. politus and B. concolor.

The above character distinguishes the two species

from all the others ata glance ; they have also a peculiar

formation of the head, the vertex being truncate behind,

and separated from the neck by an abrupt, very short

constriction or incision; there is no spur to the hind

tibie. In other respects the two species are not closely

allied.

310 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

Batrisus politus, n. s.

Rufo-sanguineus, levigatus, nitidus, antennis crassi-

oribus ; prothorace impressione hastata discoidali ; abdo-

mine elongato, basi foveolis magnis, profundis. Long.

23 mm.

Mas, pedibus intermediis femoribus in medio breviter

spinosis, tibiis intus ad apicem late emarginatis.

This species, which is in many structural features

allied to the European B. formicarius, is readily dis-

tinguished by the polished shining and impunctate sur-

face ; the hind tibiw are without apical spurs; the 2nd

and following joints of the antenne are remarkably thick,

each being much broader than long, the 9th and 10th

still rather broader, the terminal joint very thick, pointed

on one side. Head without any distinct impressions ;

the antenne very widely separated. Thorax with a

broad discoidal depression, which terminates behind by

meeting an angulate transverse impression. Hind body

with the 1st ventral sezment with a very deep transverse

impression behind the suture, and a rather longer and

still deeper one on each side of it; this segment is about

equal in length to the two following together ; 4th seg-

ment nearly twice as long as the 3rd.

Three specimens were found with an ant at Chiuzenji,

Aug. 22nd, 1881; and single specimens were also found

at Hakone, Miyanoshita (in May, 1880), and Nishimura,

15th June, 1881, in old wood or dead trees.

Batrisus concolor, n. 8.

Rufus, levigatus, sat nitidus, antennis crassiusculis,

articulis 2—6 subquadratis; prothorace fere mutico,

tantum obsolete canaliculato, ante basin foveolato; ely-

tris absque stria discoidali, et ad humeros vix depressis ;

abdomine basi haud foveolato. Long. 24 mm.

Allied, in respect of the form of the head and the very

widely separated antenne, to B. politus, but very distinct

by the abdominal structure. Joints 9 and 10 of the

antenne are broader than the preceding, strongly trans-

verse ; terminal joint also very stout, acuminate. Head

almost without impressions. Hlytra remarkably even,

with a sutural stria, which is minutely deepened at the

base, but can scarcely be said to be foveolate, without.

Pselaphide of Japan. 311

trace of any other stria or basal fovee. Hind body

with 1st segment scarcely equal in length to the two

following together; the 4th but little longer than the

3rd; segments 2—4 obscurely punctulate; the basal

one smooth, like the anterior parts. Hind tibie without

apical spur.

A single specimen was found at Yokohama with a

black ant, April 2nd, 1880. It is probably a female.

VI. 1st dorsal segment twice or nearly three times as long

as the 2nd ; its side-piece only moderately broad, or

quite narrow ; hind tibie with elongate apical spur.

Male characters on front of head very remarkable,

and frequently with great development of the basal

joint of the antenne. LB. fissifrons, B. ornatus, B.

basicornis, B. rugicollis, B. ornatifrons, and B.

stipes.

I have already stated that B. vestitus, placed in

Group III., approaches the species of this group in

many respects.

Batrisus fissifrons, n. 8.

Nigricans, elytris sanguineis, antennis pedibusque

rufis, longius pubescens; antennis sat validis ad apicem

longius pubescentibus ; prothorace impunctato, medio

canaliculato, utrinque breviter carinulato ad latus im-

presso ; elytris fere impunctatis ; tibiis posticis calcari

apicali elongato. Long. 24 mm.

Mas, antennis articulo basali elongato, crasso, angulo

interno parum producto, clypeo anterius in medio pro-

cessu triangular latiore, tuberculis supra antennas, latis,

planis, productis, rude granulosis, capite inter eas pro-

funde depresso et anterius processu minuto parum con-

Spicuo minuto; trochanteribus intermediis apice libero,

curvato ; metasterno late impresso ; abdomine segmento

basali ventrali in medio plicato-elevato, plicula ad

apicem pubescente, segmento apicali medio levigato,

versus apicem bituberculato.

A single male of this species was found in Higo in

1882 by a native collector; it is closely allied to

B. ornatus, but is rather larger and broader and blacker

in colour ; the basal joint of the antenne of the male is

rather broader, but its produced angle is less prominent,

the flat antennal tubercles are broader and more coarsely

312 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

sculptured, and the elevation on the front of the head is

much broader ; the elevation on the basal ventral seg-

ment is conspicuous, and the tubercles on the apical

segment, instead of being near the base, are near the

extremity.

Batrisus ornatus, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 114.

A few additional specimens of this species were found

about Nagasaki in March and April, 1881, and single

specimens, which are probably females of the species,

occurred also at Nikko and Yanoshiku in the autumn

of the year, as well as one at Bukenji, near Yokohama...

Batrisus basicornis, n. 8.

Angustulus, rufescens, evidenter pubescens, antennis

sat validis; vertice impunctato, subtiliter carinato,

tuberculis antennalibus latis, dense punctatis, fronte

medio depressiusculo; prothorace medio canaliculato,

utrinque breviter carinulata, carinula posterius tenuiter

spinosa, ad latera impressa, fere impunctata; elytris

plicula discoidali abbreviata, basi minute sex-foveolatis ;

abdomine segmento dorsali basali sequentibus duobus

equali; tibiis posticis caleari apicali longo. Long.

2+ mm.

Mas, antennarum articulo basali valde dilato-laminato,

facie anteriore producto, densius glanduloso-granulato,

tuberculis antennalibus latis prominulis; clypeo pro-

cessu transverso superne in elevationem tenuem pro-

longato; trochanteribus intermediis angulato-promi-

nulis; segmento ventrali apicali in medio tuberculis

elongatis, prominulis.

The male of this species is readily distinguished by

the great development of the basal joint of the antenne

and the different form of the ornament on the clypeus ;

the female is apparently only to be distinguished from

the corresponding sex of B. ornatus by the considerably

greater breadth of the process of the head that separates

the insertion of the antenne.

Three specimens were found at Miyanoshita in April

and May, 1880.

Pselaphide of Japan. 313

Batrisus rugicollis, n. s.

Angustulus, longius parum dense pubescens, rufescens,

elytris magis sanguineis; capite thoraceque ubique

densissime fortiter punctatis, opacis; elytris parcissime

punctulatis, plicula discoidali abbreviata; abdomine

segmento basali sequentibus duobus equali. Long.

2+ mm.

Mas, fronte inter antennas producto, anterius de-

presso et acuminato, clypeo utrinque sub antennas

prominulo, in medio processu erecto ad apicem paulo

latiore ; trochanteribus intermediis spinosis.

This species is readily recognised by the extremely

dense and coarse sculpture of the head and thorax.

Antenne similar in the two sexes ; 1st joint very stout,

simple ; 2nd stout, bead-like, about as long as broad ;

3—9 very little different from one another, each about

as long as broad; 10th slightly broader; 11th a little

broader, obliquely acuminate, rather longer than the

two preceding together. Head nearly flat, except for

an indistinct angular mark, terminated on each side

behind by a very obscure fovea. Thorax rather short,

a good deal dilated at the sides, the central channel

indistinct on account of the sculpture. Basal segment

with the side-piece marked off by a curved plica, rather

narrow.

Four specimens; Oyama, in Sagami, and Miyano-

shita, May, 1880.

Batrisus ornatifrons, n. 8.

Longius, parum dense pubescens; capite profunde

angulariter impresso, anterius fortiter punctato, vertice

medio subtiliter carinulato; thorace minus fortiter

asperato-punctato, medio canaliculato, utrinque sub-

tiliter carinulato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ;

elytris parcissime punctulatis, plicula discoidali abbre-

viata ; abdomine segmento basali sequentibus duobus

equali. Long. 2 mm.

Mas, fronte inter antennas producto, anterius de-

presso et acuminato, clypeo utrinque sub antennas

prominulo, in medio processu erecto ad apicem minute

fureato ; trochanteribus intermediis spinosis.

This species appears to be very closely allied to B.

rugicollis, but has greatly diminished sculpture of the

314 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

thorax and head, and some slight differences in the

peculiarities of the structure of the head in the male.

Only one individual has been found ; it is entirely yellow,

probably from being rather immature.

-Chiuzenji, Aug. 21st, 1881.

Batrisus stipes, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 115.

This has not been found again, and knowledge of the

species is limited to two female examples, whose locality

has not been recorded.

VII. 1st dorsal segment rather elongate, as long as the three

following together; side-piece rather narrow. Hind

tibia with elongate apical spur. B. solitarius and

B. gracilis.

These two species, known only by unique examples,

differ from the others by their more slender build and

greater elongation of the basal dorsal segment. They

differ from Amaurops, Reitter, by the possession of well-

marked eyes, and by their less elongate hind body.

Batrisus solitarius, n. s.

Suberacilis, castaneus, nitidus, tenuiter sed evidenter

pubescens ; antennis subgracilibus, articulo ultimo elon-

gato, acuminato ; prothorace ante basin foveolato, medio

absque canalicula, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ;

abdomine segmento primo dorsali sat elongato, medio

utrinque plicula elevata, brevi. Long. 24 mm.

A distinct species, making some approach in appear-

ance to the species of Amaurops. Antenne with the

basal joint moderately long, stout; 2nd more slender,

but stouter than the following, longer than broad ;

38—8 rather slender; 9th scarcely broader, but longer

than the 8th, rather longer than broad; 10th not

stout, subquadrate ; terminal joint much larger, elongate,

and acuminate. Head narrowed behind the rather small

eyes, which are situated in the middle of the sides; all

the vertex broadly impunctate and shining ; the antennal

tubercles elevate and rugose ; the vertex carinate in the

middle and conspicuously foveolate on each side; the

outside also carinate, the outstanding sete of the gene

Pselaphide of Japan. 315

very conspicuous. Elytra narrow in front, curved at the

sides, convex, the discoidal plicula excessively short ;

shoulders without trace of prominent angle. 1st dorsal

segment rather elongate, its curved lateral plica mode-

rately distant from the side ; 2nd segment fully one-third

the length of the 1st. Hind tibie with rather long

apical spur.

Only a single individual has been found; though the

head is simple in front, it is possibly a male, as the

intermediate femora are armed at a little distance from

the base with a rather long spine.

Kiga, May, 1880.

Batrisus gracilis, n. 8.

Gracilis, rufo-castaneus, nitidus, parcius sed longius

pubescens ; antennis subgracilibus, articulo ultimo elon-

gato, acuminato, basali crasso et longo, sequentibus

longitudine quali; prothorace ante basin foveolato,

dorso canaliculato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ;

abdomine segmento dorsali sat elongato, medio utrinque

plicula elevata brevi. Long. 24 mm.

Of this insect only a single specimen is present ; it is

no doubt a male, and is closely allied to B. solitarius,

but is rather more slender, and with the pubescence

rather longer and more scanty. The basal joint of the

antenne is much longer, and the apical joint is armed

at the base internally with a slender projection; the

thorax is evidently channelled on the disc; the plicule

on the basal dorsal segment are less distant, and the

surface between them is more depressed, the apical spur

of the hind tibie is more elongate, and the middle

femora are armed near their middle with a very long

spine.

Miyanoshita, May, 1880.

VIII. Eyes large, placed at the back of the head, not in the

middle of the sides, as in all the other groups ; 1st

dorsal segment very elongate, about six times as long

as the very short second ring. No spur on hind

tibie. B. dissimilis, B. puncticollis, B. fragilis,

B. japonicus, B. fallax, B. similis, B. pedator,

B. modestus, B. antennatus, B. optatus.

316 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

The species of this group apparently form a well-

marked genus, which may probably, however, be con-

nected with Batrisus by species unknown to me, so that

I do not give it a name. The only species I know

belonging to it in addition to the Japanese forms are

two from Siam. The male characters in B. optatus, and

even in B. modestus, are of a most remarkable character ;

and in B. pedator we find, on the hind femora of the

male, a peculiarity of structure which, as regards its

function, is probably the same as the peculiar structure

of the antenne of B. antennatus and the front tibie of

B. modestus. Like the other Batrisi, the species are

probably submyrmecophilous in their habits; two of

them were found in company with Diartiger.

Batrisus dissimilis, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 116.

Two other individuals have been found of this species,

and as, like the former specimens, they possess no

peculiar sexual marks, I am inclined to think they are

all females, and that the male is still unknown.

Miyanoshita, May, 1880; Kobe, 12th July, 1881.

Batrisus puncticollis, n. 8.

Brunneo-castaneus, evidenter pubescens; gracilis,

antennis sat elongatis; capite thoraceque fortiter punc-

tatis, hoc parte basali angusto haud brevi, dorso canali-

culato, lateribus utrinque longitudinaliter impressis ;

elytris parum punctatis, stria discoidali elongata ; abdo-

minis segmento primo dorsali in medio utrinque plicula

arguta sat elongata. Long. 2mm.

Second joint of antenne about as long as the 3rd and

4th together. Head very densely punctate, without trans-

verse impression ; vertex obscurely bifoveolate. Thorax

coarsely punctured, but not so densely as the head.

Elytra quite indistinctly punctate. The 1st dorsal seg-

ment very elongate, and with the two fine raised lines or

plice more distinct and elongate than usual.

Although the male of this species has not been found,

yet the female is so certainly distinct that I have no

hesitation in naming it. On account of the coarsely-

punctured thorax, it can only be confounded with B.

modestus and B. dissimilis ; it is larger than the former,

Pselaphide of Japan. 317

has the antenne longer, and with longer 2nd joint, the

basal portion of the thorax more elongate, and the

raised lines on the 1st dorsal segment more elongate. It

is smaller and more slender than B. dissimilis, and has

the 2nd joint of the antenne longer and stouter than the

3rd, instead of the two being subequal, as is the case in

B. dissimilis, and the head is quite without the two large

transverse depressions that are so conspicuous in the

latter species.

Three specimens were found at Kashiwagi on the

18th June, 1881.

Batrisus fragilis, n. s.

Rufescens, nitidus, evidenter pubescens, antennis

pedibus palpisque testaceis; capite anterius fortiter

punctato, vertice bifoveolato; prothorace impuncteto,

dorso canaliculato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ;

elytris ad basin quadrifoveolatis, stria discoidali elongata.

Long. 2 mm.

Mas, tibiis intermediis apice interno talent

abdomino segmento secundo dorsali in medio paulo

quam ad latera longiore, tertio ad basin linea transversa

depressa ; segmento ultimo ventrali sat elongato, in

medio utrinque obscure carinulato, carinulis setulosis,

inter eas depresso.

Antenne slender; basal joint short; 2nd longer than

the 3rd; 7th rather longer than those adjacent to it ;

club slender, rather strongly pubescent; the 9th joint

longer than broad; 10th also slender in the female,

rather broader in the male; terminal joint acuminate.

Head with a slight transverse channel marking off the

clypeus, which is coarsely punctate, the vertex very

little punctate. Thorax rather elongate, slender. Ely-

tra quite without angle at the shoulder; the discoidal

stria deep and elongate, but not quite reaching the

extremity.

Of this species Mr. Lewis found fourteen specimens,

seven of each sex.

Yokohama, 7th April, 1880; Kioto, 2nd July, 1881 ;

Nugata, 6th and 18th Sept.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT Ill. (AUG.) 2A

318 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

Batrisus japonicus, ni. 8.

Rufescens, nitidus, evidenter pubescens, antennis

pedibus palpisque testaceis; capite anterius fortiter

punctato, vertice bifoveolato; prothorace impunctato,

dorso canaliculato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ;

elytris ad basin quadrifoveolatis, stria discoidali elongata.

Long. 2 mm.

Mas, tibiis intermediis apice interno mucronato, abdo-

mine segmento secundo dorsali margine posteriore la-

mina magna depressa, e setulis adpressis composita.

This species almost exactly resembles B. fragilis,

except in the characters of the male, but these are so

different as to leave no doubt of specific distinction

between the two; the dense scale-like patch of the 2nd

dorsal plate is very conspicuous in B. japonicus, and

probably covers a transverse depression on the following

segment, but this cannot be seen: the terminal ventral

seoment is not elongate, and is nearly simple.

Six males (but no female) were found of this species ;

an individual from Hakone (not found with the male

from there) may possibly be the female of B. japonicus,

although it presents scarcely any difference from the

corresponding sex of B. fragilis.

Hakone and Miyanoshita; also Nagasaki.

Batrisus fallax, n. 8.

Rufescens, nitidus, evidenter pubescens, antennis pedi-

bus palpisque testaceis; capite anterius fortiter punc-

tato, vertice bifoveolato; prothorace impunctato, dorso

canaliculato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ; elytris

ad basin quadrifoveolatis, stria discoidali elongata.

Long. 2 mm.

Mas, tibiis intermediis apice interno mucronato, abdo-

mine segmento tertio dorsali fovea transversa magna et

profunda, cujus margine posteriore curvato, In medio

vix elevato, segmento secundo margine posteriore in

medio utrinque setulis depressis sat elongatis ; sezmento

ultimo ventrali haud elongato, in medio utrinque carinu-

lato, carinulis obscure setulosis, inter eas depresso.

This species again is similar in all respects, except

the male characters, to B. fragilis and B. japonicus; the

specimens are eight in number, and all are males,

Pselaphide of Japan. 319

except that at Fukushima a female as well as a male was

found ; this individual exhibits, however, no difference

from the corresponding sex of B. fragilis.

Junsai, on old trees; Miyanoshita, May, 1880; Fuku-

shima, 28th July, 1881.

Batrisus similis, n. 8.

Rufescens, nitidus, evidenter pubescens, antennis pedi-

bus palpisque testaceis ; capite anterius fortiter punc-

tato, vertice bifoveolato, in medio subtiliter longius cari-

nato ; prothorace impunctato, dorso canaliculato, lateri-

bus longitudinaliter impressis; elytris ad basin quadri-

foveolatis, stria discoidali elongata. Long. 24 mm.

Mas, abdomine segmento secundo dorsali in medio

brevissimo, fere nullo, segmento tertio fovea elongata,

transversa, profunda, margine posteriore in medio lamina

elevata, brevi; segmento ultimo ventrali simplice; tro-

chanteribus posterioribus setulosis.

The hind margin of the basal dorsal segment in the

male of this species is furnished only with short, incon-

spicuous pallid sete; when an individual is examined

exactly from behind, so as to look between the rings, it

is seen that a large cavity exists between the 1st and

2nd rings (as well as another between the 2nd and 38rd),

the 2nd ring being thrust as it were into the interior of

the body beneath the 1st ring.

This is another species extremely closely allied to

B. fragilis ; I have seen only two examples, and from

these I infer that, in addition to the male characters, it

is distinguished from its allies by slightly larger size, by

the more conspicuous depression on the front of the head,

and by the evidently carinate vertex. ‘Two males have

been found.

Yokohama-; Oyama, 25th May, 1880.

Batrisus pedator, n. 8.

Rufo-castaneus, evidenter pubescens, antennis palpis

pedibusque testaceis ; capite subobsolete punctato, ver-

tice bifoveolato; prothorace parum elongato, globoso-

cordato, fere impunctato, dorso canaliculato, lateribus

longitudinaliter impressis ; elytris convexiusculis, obso-

lete punctatis, stria discoidali elongata. Long. 13 mm.

320 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

Mas, femoribus posterioribus facie anteriori late pro-

fundeque excisa, superne vesicula membranacea parvula

erecta ; metasterno in medio impresso, utrinque promi-

nulo; abdominis segmentis ventralibus brevissimis.

Antenne slender, rather elongate, the 3-jointed club

elongate and slender. Head almost even, the vertex

between the fovex slightly convex. Elytra with an in-

distinct minute prominent angle on the shoulder, and

with a broad discoidal stria which does not quite reach

the extremity.

Although extremely similar to B. fragilis and its

allies, this species is readily distinguished by the rather

smaller size of its individuals, and their more globose

prothorax. The male characters are extremely peculiar,

the structure of the hind femora being, in fact, unique ;

they present, on their upper anterior face in the middle,

an elongate deep cavity; in front of the cavity the

surface forms a small angular prominence, on the sum-

mit of which is placed a minute delicate vesicle.

Mr. Lewis found a small series of this species at

Niigata, 15th Sept., 1881; there are but three males to

nearly a dozen females.

Batrisus modestus, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 116.

This species was described by me on two specimens,

supposed, on account of a slight difference in the

antenne, to be male and female. Mr. Lewis has again

met with the species, and discovered the male, proving

the two original examples to be both females.

The following is a sketch of the remarkable male

characters :—

Mas, tibiis anterioribus extus versus apicem dilatatis,

in prominentia pencilla articulata armatis; pygidio

excavatione magna, profunda, irregulari, ad latera exca-

vationis glanduloso; segmentis ventralibus omnium

brevissimis.

Of the species there are two varieties; in the first

the front tibiz of the male are not so much dilated, and

have only a fine pencil; and the antenne of the female

are a little stouter than in the second form; in this

latter the male tibize are considerably more dilated, and

are armed with a broad pencil.

Pselaphide of Japan. 321

The species was met with by Mr. Lewis at Miyano-

shita in May, 1880, and at Nagasaki in March and

April, 1881.

It is possible the two supposed varieties may prove to

be distinct species, in which case the one with broad

male tibiz should bear the name of modestus, a new

name being applied to the form having more slender

tibie in the male. All the Miyanoshita specimens

belong apparently to the first form, but unfortunately

most of the specimens met with are females. The

peculiarity of the male tibie is not found in any other

species, and is very curious; the pencil with which

they are armed is apparently very mobile, and when de-

pressed and applied to the front of the leg appears to be

absent.

Batrisus antennatus, Weise (nec Motsch.).

Weise, Deutsche Ent. Zeit., 1877, p. 97.

A few specimens of this species have been found by

Mr. Lewis at Nagasaki and Fukuhori in April, and at

Sanjo and Niigata in Sept., 1881.

Batrisus optatus, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 112.

This remarkable species is still unique.

MoRANA.

This is, I think, an ally of Batrisus; the maxillary

palpi are formed as in that genus, and the peculiarities

of the head are as much like Batrisus as Huplectus ; the

1st basal ventral segment is visible and prominent

between the hind coxe; the claws are very small and

their condition quite doubtful,—I do not think there are

two equal ones, as I formerly considered, though with

some doubt, to be the case; the elongate 2nd joint and

the large terminal joint of the antenne will greatly aid

the recognition of the genus.

Morana discedens, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 118.

A second individual of this species was found at Naga-

saki on the 19th April, 1881.

322 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

ACETALIUS, Nn. g.

Maxillary palpi quite short ; terminal joint short and

stout, oval in form; penultimate joint very small.

Antenne 11-jointed, short, with very large acuminate

terminal joint, widely separated at their insertion. Head

elongate in front of the eyes, which are placed near the

hind angles, and are prominent, though rather small ;

antennal tubercles widely separated. Thorax elongate

and narrow. Elytra subinflated. Hind body with very

elongate basal segment, the others extremely short, the

basal scarcely, or at least only excessively finely, mar-

gined at the sides; beneath composed apparently only

of two segments, a very elongate one, and a short apical

one projecting from it. Legs elongate ; hind tibiz with-

out spurs ; tarsi with a single elongate claw.

The minute insect for which this genus is established

is of very doubtful affinities ; the structure of its hind

body is perhaps most like that of the Pselaphini, but the

true 1st ventral segment is quite short, while those

beyond the very elongate 2nd segment have disappeared ;

above the Ist segment is very elongate, while the follow-

ing are very short and almost perpendicular. These

peculiarities may perhaps be exaggerated, owing to the

fact that the unique individual is immature, and the

seoments may therefore be collapsed to a certain extent.

The head is quite different from the Pselaphini, and more

like an elongate Euplectus head. The last joint of the

maxillary palpus is terminated at its point by a short,

straight, stout appendage. I can see no trace of a claw,

but as the specimen of this minute insect is immature,

and the feet have been covered with gum tragacanth, in

accordance with the bad habit of our English entomo-

logists, I may be mistaken on this point.

Acetalius dubws, n. 8.

Aneustulus, sordide testaceus, impunctatus, parce

pubescens; prothorace elongato, ante basin transversim

depresso, basi in medio longitudinaliter carinato ; elytris

ad humeros angustis, stria suturali, aliaque discoidali

abbreviata. Long. 13 mm.

Antenne. with 1st and 2nd joints subequal, rather

elongate in comparison with the following ones; 3rd

quite small; the following ones small, very short; 6th

Pselaphide of Japan. 323

to 8th slightly, 9th and 10th strongly transverse ; ter-

minal joint disproportionately large, with acuminate ex-

tremity. Head depressed between the antennal tubercles,

and curvedly depressed between the eyes; the vertex

convex, simple. Thorax longer than broad, nearly

straight at the sides, with excessively fine but distinct

raised line extending from the base for nearly half the

length, and so passing through the large transverse

depression. The elytra are longer than the thorax,

both the sutural and discoidal strie are deep, at their

origin excessively deep; the latter does not extend half

the length of the wing-case.

The unique example exhibits no sexual marks.

Found among dead leaves at Suwa Temple, April 8th,

1881.

Bryaxis.

Bryaxis princeps, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 119.

Mr. Lewis has found a series of this species near

Nagasaki in March and April, showing that my opinion

as to the sexes was correct; the male is constantly

considerably larger than the female, and apparently

much rarer.

Bryaxis alienus, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 120.

Two additional male individuals were found at Naga-

saki in February and March.

Bryaxis cubitus, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 122.

A single male specimen was found, probably at Naga-

saki, so that Iam not able to throw any light on the

difficult question as to the characters distinguishing the

females of this and the allied species.

Bryaxis mundus, Sharp.

Sharp, op. cit., p. 122.

Mr. Lewis has not brought back any other specimens

that are certainly this species, but a few female indi-

viduals found about Nagasaki without any male appa-

rently pertain to it. Inmy notice of the male characters

324 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

I have by error stated that the hind tibie are mucronate,

whereas it is the middle legs that are so armed.

Bryaxis diffinis, n. 8.

Rutfulus, sat nitidus, brevissime pubescens, vix punc-

tulatus ; prothorace trifoveolato, foveola mediali laterali-

bus minore. Long. 24 mm.

Mas, antennis articulo decimo magno, subgloboso,

femoribus anterioribus subtus ultra basin denticulo

minutissimo, tibiis intermediis apice intus unco brevi

armatis ; abdomine segmento ultimo ventrali late im-

presso. Fem., antennis articulo decimo simplice, haud

transverso.

This species is extremely closely allied to B. mundus,

but the individuals are apparently slightly larger, and

the head is rather more elongate, and the two fine plice

on the 1st dorsal segment of the hind body are a little

more distinct. The male has the 10th joint of the

antenne peculiarly formed, it being nearly globose,

except that there is a very slight truncation of the

anterior-inner edge, and its legs are stouter than in

B. mundus. In the female the antenne are longer than

they are in the corresponding sex of B. mundus, the

3rd and 4th joints especially being longer, and the 10th

about as long as broad.

Two pairs of this species were found at Yokohama.

Bryaxis pullus, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 128.

Neither this nor the two following species have been

found again. Mr. Lewis has, however, captured at

Yokohama three female individuals of apparently a

distinct species, allied to B. pullus, and it appears

probable that these red Bryaxis are numerous in species

in Japan, and excessively difficult to distinguish apart

from the male characters.

Bryaxis curtus, Sharp.

Sharp, op. cit., p. 124.

Bryaxis crassipes, Sharp.

Sharp, op. cit., p. 125,

Pselaphide of Japan. 325

Bryaais latifrons, n. s.

Parum elongatus, niger, antennis, pedibus palpisque

testaceis, elytris rufo-obscuris ; capite brevi, vertice bi-

foveolato, cumque thorace dense punctatis, hoc trifoveo-

lato, foveola mediali parva. Long. 13 mm.

Mas, antennis elongatis, articulo secundo magno, glo-

boso, tibiis intermedius ante apicem intus spina tenui,

elongata, libera armata. Fem. incog.

Second joint of antennz broader than the 1st, globose ;

3rd to 7th slender; 8th stouter than the preceding ; 9th

slightly transverse; 10th quadrate; terminal joint

rather large. Head destitute of frontal impression.

Elytra finely punctulate, with sutural and discoidal

strie,—the former does not quite reach the base; at the

base between the two striz there is a small fovea, both

sutural and discoidal strie being deep at their origin;

Ist dorsal segment at the base with two fine distant

lines.

This species is almost entitled to generic distinction on

account of the form of the head, which is less rostrate

in front, and destitute of anterior depression, the an-

tenne being very widely separated ; the terminal joint

of the maxillary palpi is rather small, and the structure

of the male antenne and middle legs is very peculiar.

Two individuals found at Miyanoshita, April, 1880.

TRIOMICRUS, N. g.

Antenne 11-jointed, widely separated at their in-

sertion. Head trifoveolate, eyes with coarse convex

facets. Maxillary palpi elongate ; 2nd joint very long,

nearly as long as the two following together, slightly nar-

rowed or constricted beyond the middle ; third joint with

narrow base and oval extremity ; terminal joint elongate

and slender, between linear and oval in form, acuminate

at the extremity. ‘Trochanters short, though the inter-

mediate and posterior femora do not touch the coxe ;

hind coxe widely separated, not prominent. Tarsi with

a single elongate claw. Ventral segments in the male

so abbreviated that the pygidium is scarcely separated

from the metasternum. Abdominal margin small.

This genus seems allied to both Tychus and Bryaais ;

it differs from the former by the structure of the head

and palpi, and from Bryaxis by the peculiar palpi. It

326 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

has a great superficial resemblance to Gerallus, from

which it differs by the more widely separated antenne

and the elongate single claw. To it is to be assigned

Bryaxis protervus, which at the time of its description I

indicated as a new genus; and now that Mr. Lewis has

discovered a second species agreeing with it in the

generic characters, it is better to separate it formally

from Bryaxis.

Triomicrus simplex, n. 8.

Rufus, nitidus, crebre pubescens; prothorace sub-

globoso, impunctato, trifoveolato ; elytris parum punc-

tatis, stria suturali aliaque discoidali elongata; abdo-

mine segmento basali post elytrorum suturam vix per-'

spicue foveolato. Long. 2 mm.

While the next species approaches in appearance (and

in the structure of the head) somewhat to Tychus, T.

simplex has quite the appearance of a Bryaxis, and is

abundantly distinguished by the absence of punctuation

on the head and thorax. The antenne are moderately

stout, with large 2-jointed club. At the base of the 1st

dorsal segment behind the suture of the elytra there is

only an obscure depression, and no raised lines.

The male has the terminal joint of the antenne longer

than the female, and the middle trochanters armed with

a short truncate prominence ; the metasternum simple.

A small series of this species was met with at Niigata

on the 15th Sept., 1881.

Bryaxis protervus, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 121.

A few specimens of this species were found about

Nagasaki in the early spring of 1881 ; February to April.

BYTHINUS.

Bythinus affinis, nu. s.

Fulvus, evidenter pubescens, capite thoraceque dense

punctatis, opacis, elytris parce, fortiter punctatis ; palpis

maxillaribus articulo ultimo elongato, fere gracili. Long.

14 mm.

Mas, antennis articulo basali incrassato, secundo

parvo simplice, pedibus posterioribus fortiter incrassatis.

Pselaphide of Japan. 827

Extremely similar to B. japonicus, but with different

male characters, and the thorax more coarsely punctate.

In the male the basal joint of the antenne is enlarged,

so that it is broader and longer than it is in the same

sex of B. japonicus, whereas the 2nd joint remains

simple, being thus more slender than the 1st, instead of

dilated, globose, and broader than the Ist, as is the case

in B. japonicus ; the hind legs are much more incrassate

than in any individual I have seen of B. japonicus.

The antenne much resemble those of the female of B.

japonicus, but the basal joint is larger and thicker, and

the incrassate hind legs readily distinguish the male B.

affinis from the female B. japonicus. The females of the

two species are probably excessively similar.

A single male individual was found at Nagasaki, 6th

April, 1881.

Bythinus japonicus, Sharp.

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 125.

A small series of about a dozen individuals was found

about Nagasaki in March and April; and a single

specimen at Miyanoshita. As is frequently the case

with the European species of Bythinus, most of the

individuals are females. The incrassation of the male

hind legs is not very considerable in any of the few

males found by Mr. Lewis.

Bythinus subseriatus, Weise.

Weise, Deutsche Ent. Zeit., 1877, p. 98.

Oshiroyama, Hagi (Hiller).

This species has not been found by Mr. Lewis.

Bythinus reversus, n. 8.

Major, testaceus, longius pubescens; vertice pro-

thoraceque crebre sat fortiter, elytris parcissime obsolete,

punctatis ; palpis maxillaribus articulo ultimo, elongato,

fere gracili. Long. vix 2 mm.

Although only two female individuals in an immature

condition have been found, this species appears to be a

very distinct one. It has the maxillary palpi formed

nearly as in B. curtisi, from which species it is very

different by its much larger size and different punctua-

tion, The antenne have an elongate basal joint, about

328 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

as long as the three following together, the 2nd slightly

more slender than the 1st, and not quite half its length ;

3rd more slender and a little shorter than 2nd ; 4th to 8th

similar to one another, each about as long as broad ;

9th slightly larger, also about as long as broad; 10th

broader, transverse ; terminal joint elongate and much

pointed. Head with rather large eyes, and with a

rather closely punctate vertex. Thorax not quite so long

as broad, much narrowed behind, its surface with rather

deep and distinct, but not close, punctures. Elytra only

sparingly and indistinctly punctate. The larger size,

more elongate basal joint to the antenne, and obsolete

punctuation of the elytra make the species easily dis-

tinguished from such others as have yet been found in

Japan.

Nagasaki, June 1st, 1881.

PsELAPHUS.

Pselaphus debilis, n. 8.

Depressus, latiusculus, subopacus, piceo-rufus, an-

tennis pedibusque rufis, palpis testaceis, articulo ultimo

apice breviter clavato; elytris quasi carinatis, seriebus

duabus setarum. Long. 13 mm.

Very similar in size and form to Pselaphus reveliert,

though very different structurally, the margin of the

hind body being flat and not elevated, and the elongate

basal segment only about half as long as in P. reveliert ;

the maxillary palpi are excessively elongate and slender,

with a small but rather abrupt club at the extremity.

Head opaque, being densely and finely coriaceous.

Thorax also opaque, small, rather broad (for this genus),

though scarcely so broad as long, very evidently foveate

in front of the base. Elytra narrow at the shoulders,

greatly broader behind, not shining, but not so dull as

the front parts; the suture slightly carinate, and each

with two longitudinal ridges of very minute sete, the

outer margin with an obscure series of sete. Hind body

with a few distant sete.

Mr. Lewis has found a pair of this species near Suwa

Temple, the male on the 11th, the female on the 13th,

April, 1881; the male is rather smaller and paler than

the female, and has the apex of the metasternum

Pselaphide of Japan. 329

obscurely impressed, and the larger of the ventral seg-

ments with two very fine short ridges, causing it to

appear foveolate on the middle between them.

Pselaphus lewisvi, n. s.

Angustulus, rufo-testaceus, nitidus, palpis testaceis,

articulo ultimo longius clavato, parcissime setulosus ;

elytris stria suturali aliaque discoidali obsoletis. Long.

13 mm.

This species is not very dissimilar from the well-known

European P. heisei, except that itis very much narrower,

and is entirely destitute of the two peculiar pseud-ocelli

seen between the eyes of P. heisei; the antenne and

palpi are similar to those of P. heiset, the club of the

last joint of the latter being more than half the length

of the joint. The thorax is very shining, and without

fovea. The elytra and hind body are very similar to

those of P. heisei, except that the sutural and discoidal

striz are less distinct.

A single example, probably a female, was found at

Nagasaki on the 28th May, 1881.

DIARTIGER, Nl. g.

In this genus of Clavigerini the insect possesses eyes,

and has the antenne 4-jointed; the 1st joint is very

short, globose, and is only imperfectly separated from

the very short 2nd joint, which is a little narrower and a

little shorter than the globose basal joint, and projects

just a little out of the cavity of the head; the 3rd joint

is slender and elongate, evidently thicker, however,

towards the extremity, and is quite three times as long

as the breadth at the extremity ; it 1s deeply divided from

the 4th joint, which is rather elongate, becomes gradually

broader towards the extremity, which is abruptly trun-

cate; it is longer than the 3rd joint. This is a similar

disposition of the antenne to what would exist in

Fustiger fuchsii, if the terminal joint of that insect were

deeply divided into two near its middle.

From Clavigerodes, Raff., which is stated by Reitter to

possess 4-jointed antenne, Diartiger is distinguished by

the fact that it has only two exserted antennal joints ;

from an inspection of a specimen of Clavigerodes

abyssinicus I entertain, however, little doubt that, if we

330 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the

adopt Mr. Reitter’s view that the antenne are 3-jointed

in Fustiger, we must consider them to be 5-jointed in

Clavigerodes.

The description above given of the antenna of Diar-

tiger may be relied on, as it has been made from an

antenna disarticulated by cutting off the corner of the

head with an antenna attached, and then cutting away

the portions of the head till the base of the antenna is

cleared and left intact. By the same mode of treatment

Claviger displays apparently a 6-jointed antenna, the

2nd joint being, however, as in Diartiger, separated not

by a true articulation, but only by a constriction from

the 2nd joint, and it would perhaps be more accurate to

treat these two minute basal portions as being really

only one articulation.

Diartiger fossulatus, n. 8.

Rufescens, tenuiter flavo-setosus, elytrorum apice

abdominisque latere ad basin dense flavo-pubescentibus ;

capite, thorace elytrisque dense subtiliter punctatis,

haud nitidis, abdomine nitido, basi in medio fovea

maxima impressa. Long. 2 mm.

Mas, pedibus intermediis trochanteribus longe, femori-

bus breviter, spinosis, tibiis lateraliter compressis, intus

ad medium dente minimo instructis.

Very similar to Claviger foveolatus, but smaller and

more slender, with the head, thorax, and elytra more

densely punctate, the latter longer. The headis as long

as, but much narrower than, the thorax; the latter is

smaller, rather longer than broad, deeply foveate at the

base ; the elytra are much longer than the thorax, very

finely punctulate, with a rather close, very fine, depressed

pubescence.

This insect was found in company with a species of

Formica ? at Hakone and Miyanoshita in May, 1880 ;

Shimabara and Fukuhori, near Nagasaki, are also

localities for it. A few specimens were found at Futai

on the 20th Sept., 1881, in company with the same

species of ant; and a single individual of a rather

more elongate form and darker colour was found at

Hitoyoshi in the month of May.

Pselaphide of Japan. 331

Diartiger spinipes, n. 8.

Rufescens, tenuiter flavo-setosus, elytrorum apice

abdominisque latere ad basin dense flavo-pubescentibus ;

capite thoraceque dense, elytris parce subtiliter, punc-

tatis; abdomine nitido, longius setoso, basi in medio

fovea maxima impressa. Long. 24 mm.

‘Mas, pedibus intermediis, trochanteribus spina per-

elongata, femoribus spina elongata curvata, tibiis late-

raliter compressis.

This species appears to be closely allied to D. fossu-

latus, but the individual before me is rather larger than

the largest of that species, has the antenne slightly

more elongate, the elytra much more sparingly punctate,

and the spines on the middle legs of the male of remark-

able elongation. In D. fossulatus a well-marked patch

of golden pubescence extends along the middle of the

breast in each sex, but is more conspicuous in the male ;

in the male of D. spinipes this pubescence is absent, and

the hinder part of the metasternum is broadly impressed.

A single individual was found at Yuyama, May 10th,

1881.

JP onteniu aioe Ber: aad

Lae vit, iG!

( 333)

XIII. On the Lucanide of Japan. By Grores Lewis.

[Read July 4th, 1883.]

PLuatTeE XIV.

THERE are fifteen species of Lucanini and one species

of Passalint known now from Japan, and the list of

these, with their synonymy, stands, I believe, as

follows :—

Lucanin1.

Lucanus maculifemoratus, Motsch. Macrodorcus striatipennis, Motsch.

= sericans, Voll. = binervis, Motsch.

= Hopei, Parry. = cribellatus, Motsch.

Cladognathus inclinatus, Motsch. = opacus, C. Waterh.

= mandibularis, Thoms. = Vanvolxemi, Lewis.

= inflexus, Harold. Dorcus Hopei, Saund.

Prismognathus angularis, C. Waterh. = binodulosus, C. Waterh.

Eurytrachelus platymelus, Saund. Aigus subnitidus, C. Waterh.

= castanicolor (Serrognathus), Platycerus delicatulus, n.s.

Motsch. Figulus binodulosus, C. Waterh.

Macrodorcus rubrofemoratus, Motsch. » punctatus, C. Waterh.

ah montivagus, 0.8. Ceruchus lignarius, n. 8.

ae rectus, Motsch. Afsalus Asiaticus, 0.8.

= Niponensis, Voll.

= diabolicus, Thoms. PAssALINI.

=rugipennis, Motsch. Aulacocyclus patalis, 0.8.

There is no Sinodendron known yet from Japan.

In this list 1 have omitted Lucanus Cantori, Hope,

and Prismognathus dauricus, Motsch., because the evi-

dence of thew being natives of Japan seems to me

insufficient. Lucanus Cantori is a native of Assam,

and although Motschulsky says, in the ‘Etudes’ of

1860, that Madame Goschkevitch obtained it in Japan,

in the ‘ Etudes’ of 1861, in treating of the same mate-

rial, he gives us, without any reference to Cantori,

maculifemoratus. His first determination thus appears

incorrect, and the specimens available to-day from

Japan confirm this. By the kindness of Major F. J. 8.

Parry I have been able to examine specimens of

Prismognathus dauricus from the mainland of Asia.

Motschulsky described this in 1860, but his remarks in

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PART III. (AUG.) 2B

334 Mr. G. Lewis on the

the ‘Etudes’ of the next year apply, as I conceive, to

anguluris ; yet there can be no doubt that the insects are

specifically distinct.

Major Parry has also kindly pointed out to me that

Serrognathus castanicolor, Motsch., is an immature male

example of Eurytrachelus platymelus, Saunders. In

1874 Dr. Renard sent Major Parry a drawing of Mot-

schulsky’s type, made by Professor Lindemann, and

the drawing, which I have seen, at once disclosed the

fact that these two names apply to the same insect.

It will be seen from the synonymy of the list and the

remarks above that some little confusion has arisen in

the determination of the species of the group generally,

and this has been owing chiefly to the want of sufficient

material by early authors, for had they had a long series

-they would have been able to discriminate between

the forms which compose a species and the species them-

selves.

To enable the student of Lucanide rightly to estimate

the value of the different forms which usually exist in,

and partly constitute the peculiarities of, a species, it 1s

of all things necessary that he should possess and care-

fully examine a long series of specimens of each kind,

for each species is subject to great and apparently di-

vergent modifications of the members composing it,

especially in the males. Often the largest form, and a

form midway between it and the smallest form, are the

most abundant in individuals, and most constant in size

and structure; while the intermediate and connecting

forms are scarce, or even of great rarity. But I have

said apparently divergent because there are not, as it

might first appear, various forms, for all are develop-

ments of one type depending on the amount of growth

of some or all parts of the individual. There is no

tendency towards any (comparatively speaking) perma-

nent divergent line beyond what we can trace to the

result of size and individual vigour of constitution ; for,

in the Japan insects at least, it is merely a matter of

finding the intermediate links before a complete series

can be arranged bridging over all the individual diffe-

rences.

Now these remarks must be applied chiefly to the larger

species of the family contained in the genera Lucanus,

Cladognathus, Dorcus, and Macrodorcus, for when we

arrive at the genus Platycerus we find but little in

Lucanide of Japan. 335

the way of variation which extends beyond what we

observe in many other insects. There are the sexual

differences of the family and little more, and Figulus

also follows in the same line, but has no external sexual

characters to speak of. We see, then, that the vigorous

forms of the family (Lucanus) have acquired a sexual

development which is not shared in by the smaller forms

(Figulus).

The Lucanide of Japan are all reared in decaying

trees, and the variation which occurs in the individuals

of their species relates chiefly to size, and can, I think,

only be traced to the feeding of their larve. The larval

condition of insects is the stage of growth; the period

from the egg to the pupa is the time when an insect

increases in size and weight, and it is certain that many

of the eggs deposited in summer will be laid on such

parts of decaying trees which are too hard, or perhaps

too rotten, for the larve to thrive on. And even more

than this, they may be laid on trees of harder texture

or closer fibre than is essential for the highest develop-

ment of the larve; and many larve of Lucanide, as in

other insects, die simply of starvation at the first or at

another early stage. Small varieties of a Lucanus are

to me simply those forms which escape starvation, and

yet are emaciated by poverty of food, and each indi-

vidual increases in stature, in proportion to the nutri-

ment of its food, until it reaches the form maximus. A

familiar case to us all of the result of nutritious diet is

the queen bee, and last year Mr. Pryer gave us another

instance in drawing attention to Japan Papilios.

Sometimes in a northern country we find insects

which have affinities in the tropics, and we see that the

northern forms are much larger than their southern

congeners. As an example, take Rhysodes. The Japan

Species is half as large again as the Ceylon species,

because the first lives in beeches, elms, and oaks, while

the second feeds in the hard-wooded tropical trees, which

are, as I believe, less nourishing. (Trans. Ent Soe.

Lond., 1882, pp. 476 and 482).

But we need not depart from the Lucanide for an

example of this, as the Lucanide themselves are rare in

the Ceylonese jungle, and many hundreds of specimens

can be collected in a summer day in Yezo, where

deciduous trees are the rule and not the exception. As

regards the Platycerus, it being of a small size, the

336 Mr. G. Lewis on the

larvee can get sufficient nutriment where a larger species

would starve, and this is perhaps enough to account for

its constant size and moderate sexual differences. Even

in Macrodorcus, the rubrofemoratus is more constant in

size than some of the others, and on the 8th June,

1880, I took, at Chiuzenji, fifty specimens from a single

beech, and into this tree my axe was easily driven four

or five inches by a fair blow. The larve here could

penetrate the whole tree, and obtain such nutriment as

was necessary for normal development, and under these

conditions there was no conspicuous variation in the size

of the imagos. The Prismognathus again, which varies

but little, feeds in rotten birch trees, a tree which, like.

the beech, rots quickly away, and is different in this

respect both to the oaks and to the tropical hard-wooded

trees, which only decay by inches at a time.

The larva of a Cicindela, Carabus, or Dytiscus has the

power and habit of seeking food, and can generally

obtain what is necessary; but wood-feeding larve, such

as those of Lucanide and Cerambycide, the imagos of

which vary so much in size, are almost wholly dependent

on the incident of the whereabouts a certain female may

deposit her ova: if on or near very hard wood they are

starved ; if on more nutritious material they become

vigorous. Roughly speaking, in a Cicindela the size is

constant and normal, and in a Cerambyx variable and

irregular. A tree-larva, while feeding and coming on a

hard knob or nodule, may become starved or emaciated,

but a ground-feeding species is not isolated in the same

way, and the evidence of its better position is that it

varies less in bulk and stature.

It thus appears probable that when a species,

during a long series of generations, has lived (without

the exertion of finding it) amidst an abundant, but

occasionally variable, supply of easily assimilated food,

it has acquired a superior stature for its individuals, the

acquisition of which carries with it a capacity of special

sexual development. And at the same time the species

obtains to a greater plasticity than in other kinds,

which enables it under less favourable circumstances to

continue to preserve its species through the instru-

mentality of individuals of lesser development. But

the idea that these small specimens indicate a retrograde

movement towards a primitive form is, I think, contrary

to the general principles of Nature’s workings; because,

Lucanide of Japan. 337

although we may say it is by heredity that the Luca-

nidé retain their ordinary peculiarities, the strange

excrescences and huge mandibles in some males is a

result arising from the necessity of placing the tissue

gathered by a vigorous larva in becoming full-fed. It is

of individual, not specific, value. It is a process within

a single organism, as in the queen bee, resulting in an

abnormal development.

In the following notes of species I have given the

number of specimens in my collection, as I think it an

important statistic; but in the forests of Japan I have

examined many hundreds of specimens of the commoner

kinds in the living state, and had it been otherwise I

should hardly have been able to unite such insects as

Macrodorcus opacus with striatipennis, nor could I have

sunk with confidence other names relating only to forms

of parallel value.

Prismognathus angularis, C. Waterh. (Pl. XIV., fig. 1).

The type of this species, female, I obtained in Kawachi

in 1871. Lately I obtained ten males and two females,

all from old birch trees or logs.

The localities are Chiuzenji, Junsai, and Sapporo,

and the specimens only show slight variation in size

and form.

Macrodorcus rubrofemoratus, Motsch.

This is a very distinct species; in the south of Japan

it occurs only at very high elevations, but in Yezo it is

common at sea-level. It was most abundant in the

beech forests above the Lake of Hakone, and at Chiu-

zenji; and it was found also in Kiushiu on Oyayama.

Twenty males, eleven females.

Macrodorcus montivagus, n.s. (Pl. XIV., fig. 2).

3. Niger, opacus, undique minute punctulatus, man-

dibulis capitis longitudine, robustus arcuatis, ante

medium dente acuto armatis. Prothorace transverso,

lateribus post medium dente acuto instructis. Long.

cum mandib. 18—19 lin.

?. Capite fortiter rugoso, medio, bituberculato ;

338 Mr. G. Lewis on the

medio nitido, parce punctulato lateribus rugulosis. Long.

cum mandib. 18 lin.

Six males, eight females.

I have figured the male of this, and I should not have

ventured to describe it as other than a variety of striatt-

pennis or rectus were it not so evidently a small develop-

ment of a species. The punctuation of the mentum

agrees fairly with rectus, but it is more vermiform and

confluent. The female isso large that a fully-developed

male must be very much larger than the form I know.

It is a scarce species, and | obtained only a few speci-

mens, and these all occurred at sap where the large

Hepialt were feeding. Chiuzenji, Junsai, and Nanaye

are the localities.

Macrodorcus striatipennis, Motsch.

I found this species in immense profusion in Yezo,

and in all the elevated forests of the main island. It is

not common in Kiushiu, but I have specimens from

Oyayama and Tanegashima.

Dorcus Hopei, Saunders.

This species is apparently rare ; large males measure

over 81 lines. I obtained it at Kobé, Kioto, and Sendai.

Seven males, three females.

D. binodulosus, C. Waterh., is an undeveloped male

of 17} lines.

Egus subnitidus, C. Waterh.

This has its affinities in tropical species ; it is common

in Kiushiu in fir “ stools,” but it only occurs as far north

as Kioto, and is rare there. It has its large and small

forms. ‘Thirteen males, five females.

Platycerus delicatulus, n.s. (Pl. XIV., fig. 8).

3. Nigro-ceruleus, subnitidus, capite thoraceque sat

fortiter punctatis, mandibulis capitis longitudine. An-

tennis nigris. Elytris tenuiter striatis et rugoso-punc-

tatissimis, pedibus testaceis, his geniculis nigris. Long.

63 lin.

g. Aineus, seu nigro-ceruleus, tibiis plerumque

solum testaceis. Long. 5} lin.

Twenty-five males, twenty females.

Lucanide of Japan. 339

Above blue-black, rather shining, rather parallel ;

beneath black. Head rather thickly and strongly punc-

tured; clypeus smooth, excrescences in front of eyes

prominent ; mandibles black; when closed the basal

teeth close on to the clypeus, and nearly touch each

other. The upper part of each tooth forms a ridge,

which extends along the mandible, forming a medial

carina. The punctuation of the thorax is rather finer

than that of the head, and in shape and dilatation at

sides agrees with P. quercus, Weber; scutellum is

smooth at the base; elytra sculptured in the usual form

of the genus. The legs are testaceous; knee-joints and

front tibiz black ; tarsi pitchy.

The female is more variable in colour, being brassy,

brassy green, and blue-black, with the middle and hind

tibiz only generally pale; but I have specimens with

wholly red legs, and one with legs entirely black.

P. delicatulus is of more slender form than caraboides,

and the elytra are somewhat more depressed in the

front of the middle, with the apical callosities more

prominent. The sculpture, too, is considerably finer ;

in the male the apical teeth of the front tibie are but little

developed, and the crenulations above them are remark-

ably regular, there being an absence of any tooth

standing out from the rest in a prominent manner. The

middle tibiz also are without any external teeth.

Found in June at Oyayama, Odaigahara, Chiuzenji ;

and on Ontake in August.

Figulus, like Afgus, is a tropical genus. I took twenty

specimens of F’. binodulosus, C. Waterh., at Konose in

May, 1881, from an old log in the forest; all the specimens

are alike and agree well with Waterhouse’s type and

description. Of F'. punctatus I obtained only one speci-

men from an old Celtis at Nagasaki in February, and I

believe it is a good species. There are five specimens in

my original collection.

Ceruchus lignarius, n.s. (Pl. XIV., fig. 4).

Niger, nitidus, capite utrinque rugoso, in medio sparse

punctato, fronte in medio excayvato, prothorace punctato

apice leve marginato ; elytris striatis, interstitiis sparse

punctatis. Long. cum mandib. 7 lin.

?, mihi ignota.

Three males.

340 Mr. G. Lewis on the

Pitchy black, shining; mandibles punctured like the

head ;* head excavated in front behind the clypeus, very

rugose at the sides, smooth in middle, with rather large

scattered punctures on the disc. Thorax transverse,

more finely punctured than the head, with two shallow

fovee on each side. The margin in front is smooth, at

the sides narrowly raised, reflexed at the posterior angle,

and continued round the base. The interstices of the

elytral strize are punctured like the thorax.

I obtained two examples at Sapporo early in August,

1880, and one (dead) under a stone on Niohosan the

following year. From the numerous fragments I saw of

it amongst stored timber at Sapporo I concluded that it

must be common there in early summer.

Aisalus Asiaticus,n.s. (Pl. XIV., fig. 5).

Ovalis, niger opacus rugose sculpturatus, squamis

brunneis plus minusve dense variegatus, maculisque

tomentosis erectis nigris. Long. 24—2% lin.

Seven males, thirteen females.

Oval, rather convex, opaque, very roughly sculptured,

and more or less clothed with brown scales. Beneath

the scales there is a surface with distinct, rather shallow

and somewhat irregular, punctures. Forehead depressed.

Thorax has a medial line free of scales or sete, and on

each side are two clumps of thick black sete, and above

the last an ill-defined crescent of the same. The elytra

have, including a sutural line, fine lines of black spinose

maculations, which give a clear tesselated appearance.

The sexual characters are the same asin 4. scarabeoides

of Europe.

This species is interesting as being a second species in

aremarkable genus. The individuals are considerably

smaller than those of scarabeoides, and the black

tomentum, forming well-marked separate spots or

patches on the elytra, give asiaticus quite a different

appearance. Not knowing the genus 4salus when | first

took the species, I thought it was one of the Colydude.

This little species occurs in large forests of considerable

elevation. I obtained it first in May, 1880, above Miyano-

shita. 1 took off bark from a fallen tree which was

* Each mandible is as long as the head, reflexed, with two

teeth, one basal the other ante-medial, and in this respect is

nearer the American striatus than the European tenebrioides.

Lucanide of Japan. 341

dead and moss-grown, and then found it in little round

holes it had gnawed out in the wood under the bark to

winter in. In June I found it at Chiuzenji, and the

following spring on Oyayama, near Kumamoto, always

getting it in the way described.

Aulacocyclus patalis, n.s. (Pl. XIV., figs. 6, 7).

Convexus, parum elongatus, niger nitidus, capite dila-

tato, utrinque lamina erecta, apicem versus latiore, mar-

gine superiore emarginato. Prothorace convexiusculo

minutissime punctato, anteriore in medio binoduloso,

dorso canaliculato; elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis

convexis. Long. 84—9 lin.

Twenty-five specimens.

Convex, black, shining ; head impunctate and dilated ;

the outer margins at each side are produced into robust

spreading horns, and the anterior angles of the head are

acute and prominent, with a carina running back from

them and half crossing the eye. The thorax is smooth,

with very fine scattered punctures, emarginate at the

sides and base. Anteriorly the middle is produced into

two rather prominent nodules ; the elytra are very con-

vex for this genus, and deeply punctate-striate with

convex interstices. There is no external difference in

the sexes. In the génus Nigidius the frontal carina

completely crosses the eye, dividing it in the middle.

This species is very distinct from any other yet known,

and perhaps later a new genus should be formed for its

reception. But it would not be easy to define it at

present owing to the want of some of its nearest allies

for comparison, and the fact that Kaup’s genera of Passa-

lint are soniewhat vaguely characterised. A. platypus,

Kaup, from Thibet, of which there is a series in the

National Collection, is the nearest species I know to it.

I took twenty specimens on the 11th May, 1881, in three

or four decaying hard-wood trees of three feet girth, which

had been blown down and had remained five or six years

under shade of a dense forest above Yuyama, on the

western side of Ichibosayama. The bark came off easily

in the hand, and the specimens were resting, after the

manner of Passalini, in the black wood-mould it had

covered. A native collector the next year obtained a

few more on the same spot. I found Passalini in Ceylon

in corresponding abundance to the Lucanini in Yezo.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PaRT II. (AUG.) 20

Parke

342 On the Lucanide of Japan.

2 EXpLANATION OF Puate XIV.

Fic. 1. Prismognathus angularis, C. Waterh. ¢.

. Macrodorcus montivagus. 3.

. Platycerus delicatulus. ¢.

. Ceruchus lignarius. 3.

. Aisalus Asiaticus. 3.

. Aulacocyclus patalis.

. Ditto, side view of head.

NO oO FP OO wb

( 3843)

XIV. On Ogyris Genoveva, Hewitson, and its life-

history. By W. H. Misxin.

[Read July 5th, 1882.*]

PLATE XV.

THis species was first made known by the late Mr.

Hewitson, who was, however, acquainted with the female

only, which he figured and described in his ‘ Exotic

Butterflies.’ Q

In this, as in the other species of this very rare

genus, the individuals are few and far between, being

extremely local in their habits.

My friend Mr. George Barnard, of Coomooboolaroo,

has, however, been so extremely fortunate as to pene-

trate the mystery of its metamorphosis, and has kindly

communicated the particulars to me for publication, and

the obligation is doubly enhanced by the accompaniment

of figures of individuals of both sexes, variety of the

female, larve and pupa, as also the food-plant, beauti-

fully executed by the pencil of Mrs. Barnard, and which

supplement this paper.

I am now in a position to make known to Science the

complete history of this the finest species (excepting

the somewhat aberrant, if not doubtful, Liphyra

Brassolis, Westw., which, by the way, is probably not

hitherto known to be Australian) of the whole family

(Lycenide) ; as also the hitherto undescribed male and

variety of the female.

LEPIDOPTERA.

LYCANIDA, Stephens.

Oayris, Westwood.

Ogyris Genoveva, Hewitson.

Hewitson, Ex. Butt., i., pl. 48, figs. 5, 6.

Male.—Upper side: Dense purple, inclining to violet,

somewhat darker towards outer margins; marginal

* Publication delayed owing to miscarriage of drawings.—

Bre AGE

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—ParT Iv. (NOV.) 2D

344 Mr. W. H. Miskin on

fringe white. Primaries with three short oblique white

dashes at apex of costa. Secondaries with outer and

hinder margins deeply dentated, anal angle somewhat

spatulate; termination of 8rd median nervule pro-

longed into a decided tail. Abdominal margin brown.

Thorax and abdomen black. Under side: Primaries,

basal and discal areas dull black; apical angle and .

part of the outer margin grey; six transverse discal

bands of silvery blue, cud one beyond cell larger,

whitish. Secondaries grey, with numerous transverse

waving double black lines. Thorax and abdomen grey.

Expanse, 2 inches.

Female.—Upper side: Black; base of both wings,

éxtending on the secondaries to anal angle, and faintly

to termination of Ist and 2nd median nervules, light

silvery blue; marginal fringe white. Primaries with an

oblique apical, somewhat curved, band of pale yellow;

two faint white oblique short dashes at apex of costa.

Secondaries dentated and tailed as in male; the Ist

median nervule rather more developed; abdominal fold

very light brown. Thorax and abdomen greyish brown.

Under side: Primaries as in male, except for the broad

apical band of light yellow. Secondaries also as in

male, but with the addition of a broad lightish trans-

verse band from about centre of costa half-way across

wing, and patches of ashy brown intermingled with the

grey. Thorax and abdomen grey. Expanse, 2 inches

4 lines.

Var a. F'emale.—With the basal area violet, not extend-

ing so far into the wings as does the blue in the typical

female. HExpanse, 2 inches 5 lines.

' Hab. Brisbane; Dawson River (Barnard) ; Queens-

land.

As I have not myself seen the larva and pupa, I

reproduce my friend Mr. Barnard’s description and

remarks :—

‘* Larva.—l1 inch to 1 inch 2 lines, subonisciform when

at rest, but flattening out considerably when in motion ;

attenuated posteriorly; anterior segments retractile ;

ochreish yellow; base of each segment on the back

dark brown; head reddish brown, hidden by the pro-

jecting 2nd segment ; spiracles black ; each segment at

side and apex of posterior segment produced into a

small fascicle of white bristles.

Ogyris Genoveva. 345

“ Pupa. —9 to 10 lines, dull black, smooth and

rounded, with the usual central girth.

‘““The larva, which is nocturnal in its habits, feeds

upon Loranthus sp., descending and remaining beneath

the surface of the ground during the day, where also it

undergoes its changes, fastening up to projections of

wood at the foot of the tree which bears its food-plant,

immediately under the surface. It is social in its habits,

numbers in all stages and of various ages being found

together.

‘““It apparently secretes some sweet substance, being

invariably attended by numbers of large ants (a pecu-

liarity common to other of the Thecline, as I have

observed the same thing occur with Ialmenus Hvagoras

and I. Ictinus).*

‘“The imago makes its appearance from November to

April.”

EXPLANATION OF PuaTE XV.

Fic. 1. Ogyris Genoveva, 3.

2. ” 9 g =

3. x “ 9, var.

4, 5 3 larva.

5. fe pupa.

The plant is Loranthus sp.

* Ants are known to attend on the larve of several EHuropean

and North American species of Lycena for the sake of a sweet

secretion. Vide W. H. Edwards, Canad. Ent., x., pp. 1—15

131—186, 160 (1878).—W. F. K.

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( 847 )

XV. Descriptions of twelve new species of South-African

Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. By Ronanp Trimen,

F.R.S., &e., Curator of the South-African Museum,

Cape Town.

[Read June 6th, 1883.]

Tue species here described comprise one member of

the Nymphalide, six of the Lycenide, two of the

Papilionide, and three of the Hesperide. Seven of

them will be figured in my new work on the South-

African Butterflies.

The most remarkable among these new species is

Lycena stellata, one of the smallest of known forms, in

which the ordinary pattern of the under side of the

wings is in both sexes distinctly outlined in white on

the very dark upper side. D’Urbania saga is a very

distinct and interesting addition to a genus hitherto

represented by a single species.

NYMPHALIDA.

NYMPHALINA.

Precis, Hiibn.

Precis Sesamus, n. 8.

Exp. al. 2 in. 5—11 lin.

Closely allied to P. Amestris, Drury.

Black, irrorated and transversely banded with vio-

laceous-blue ; a common discal row of conspicuous red

spots. Fore wing: Basal area thickly irrorated with

blue, crossed by five black streaks in discoidal cell ;

discal row of four red spots (surmounted near costa by

two small round white spots) between two blue bands, of

which the inner one is continuous and irregularly exca-

vated along its internal edge, and the other one regular

but macular; a series of bluish-white lunules along

hind-marginal edge. Hind wing: Bands and basal

irroration much as in fore wing, but inner blue band

soon merges in basal blue, and outer one is continuous ;

TRANS. ENT. 80C. 1883.—PaRT Iv. (NOv.)

348 ~ Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new

six or seven red spots in discal row. Under side:

Glossy dark greenish bronze, with transverse fuscous

striz corresponding in position with the black portions

of the upper side; a discal row of small fuscous rings

(of which the third from the costa of fore wing is filled

with white). Fore wing: Two lower red spots of discal

row present, but much paler and less defined than on

upper side. Hind wing: Basal area crossed by three or

four much broken irregular fuscous strie. Cilia, above

fuscous, with white internervular markings; beneath

much more obscure, especially in hind wing.

This southern representative of P. Amestris is readily

separable by (1) its larger size, (2) its conspicuous basal -

blue irroration, (8) the constancy and large development

of the inner discal blue band, (4) the less irregular discal

row of red spots, (5) the absence of red strie in dis-

coidal cell of fore wing, and (6) the uniform dark bronzy-

green tint of the under side, without any representation

of the red spots of the upper side, except near the inner

margin of the fore wing.

Hab. Cape Colony (Kastern Districts), Kaffraria

Proper, Natal, Transvaal, and as far north as the Zam-

besi River.

LYCANIDA.

Lycmna, Fab.

Lycena lucida, n. 8.

Exp. al. 83 lin.—1 in. $ lin.

Allied to L. Lysimon, Hubn.

3. Pale violaceous, inclining to pink; nervules

more or less defined with greyish brown ; cilia whitish,

much obscured with brownish in fore wing, and varied

with it in hind wing. Fore wing: An indistinct thin

brownish disco-cellular lunule; a greyish-brown hind-

marginal border of variable width, usually ill-defined

inwardly. Hind wing: A hind-marginal row of six

small internervular fuscous spots. Under side: Pale

grey, tinged with brownish ; spots of bases and discs

very distinct, black, in white rings; beyond ordinary

discal row a row of sagittate white marks, succeeded by

two hind-marginal rows of white lunules almost forming

internervular rings. Fore wing: Two spots near base,

one in cell, the other below it; discal row of spots

South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 349

strongly incurved on 2nd median nervule. Hind wing:

A spot at base; a transverse row of four spots before

“mniddle ; discal row strongly elbowed on 2nd subcostal

nervule ; a straight white ray runs longitudinally along

radial nervule from disco-cellular terminal lunule as far

as row of sagittate white marks; near anal angle, two

small blackish spots enclosed by lunules of the two

hind-marginal rows.

_@. Dark brown, usually more or less marked with

violaceous on lower part of discs and towards bases.

Hind wing: Dusky spots of hind-marginal row, as in

male, more or less apparent in violaceous-marked speci-

mens. Under side: Usually a little more brownish

than in male; the spots even more distinct, and the

white ray of hind wing broader.

This insect may be distinguished from L. Lysimon by

the much more conspicuous spotting of the under side

with the white ray exhibited by the hind wing. The male

also differs in the decided pink tinge of the upper side,

and in the absence of the dusky border of the hind

wing. The female has the upper side much darker than

in L. Lysimon, and the violaceous colouring is deeper and

not of so blue a tint.

Hab. Cape Colony, Kaffraria Proper, Natal, and

Transvaal.

Lycena stellata, n. s.

Exp. al. 7—9 lin. -

Greyish fuscous, with numerous subannular and other

white spots arranged in correspondence with those of

the under side. Fore wing: Terminal disco-cellular

annulet, and discal inferiorly much-incurved band of

annulets, enclose spots somewhat darker than ground

colour ; two similar annulets near base, one in cell, the

other below it; a submarginal row of six minute white

spots; cilia broad, fuscous, with narrow but very dis-

tinct white internervular interruptions, those close to

apex and to posterior angle wider than the rest. Hind

wing: An indistinct annulet near base below cell ; other

markings as in fore wing, but not so pronounced; in

submarginal row of small white spots the first is con-

siderably larger than the others; cilia broad, white,

with imperfect fuscous nervular interruptions. Under

side: Pale brownish grey, the white annulets enclosing

350 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new

fuscous spots. Fore wing: Markings very distinct ;

discal row of annulets commencing about middle with

two very small costal ones ; submarginal row of minute

white spots black-edged on both sides; fuscous of cilia

paler than on upper side. Hind wing: An annulet at

base ; a subbasal transverse row of four annulets, that

on costa enclosing a spot darker than the rest; Ist and

2nd annulets of diseal band separate from succeeding

ones and nearer base; submarginal row of minute white

spots rather indistinct, but their inner black edges well

marked, subsagittate; the 1st and 2nd of these spots

are out of line with and before the others.

Like L. lucida, this butterfly belongs to the Lysimon .

group, both in form and in the pattern of the under

side ; but the upper side in both sexes is quite unlike

that of any member of that group, or indeed of the

genus Lycena, presenting as it does, on a blackish

ground, the under side pattern in finely-depicted white

annulets and spots. In the total absence of blue in

both sexes, and in its very small size, L. stellata re-

sembles L. Metophis, Wallengr., and L. Barbere, Trim.,

but its under side is altogether different, and quite wants

the row of metallic-dotted ocelli so conspicuous in the

hind wing of those two species.

This very remarkable little butterfly was discovered

by Dr. D. R. Kannemeyer, near Burghersdorp, in the

north-east of the Cape Colony, in November, 1882. He

describes it as being numerous in a damp spot of a

few yards in extent, flitting about low flowers in a

circular direction.

Hab. Burghersdorp (Albert District), Cape Colony.

Lycena puncticilia, n. 8.

Exp. al. 1 in.—1 in. 33 lin.

Closely allied to L. Methymna, Trim.

Dark brown, with a slightly «neous surface gloss ;

cilia dark brown, with rather small but very conspicuous

pure white internervular spots. Hind wing: In some

female examples, along hind-marginal edge, a row of

minute internervular white spots, only separated from

the white spots of the cilia by a blackish bounding line.

Under side: Dull ashy brown; ordinary discal row of

South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 351

darker white-edged spots indistinct, or sometimes obso-

lete, except for the thin internal white edging ; adjoining

the conspicuous white spots of the cilia a row of elongate-

ovate white rings, usually better marked in fore wing

than in hind wing. Fore wing: Spots of discal row

confluent into a nearly straight fascia, slightly bent

inward on median nervules; beyond this traces of a

row of thin sharply-sagittate white marks. Hind wing:

First and last spots of discal row ovate, black, white-

ringed ; other spots of row confluent, suffused ; a sub-

basal transverse row of three round black spots in white

rings ; beyond discal row a conspicuous, very acutely

dentated, white transverse line composed of contiguous

sagittiform marks; on hind margin, between 1st and

2nd median nervules, a small indistinct blackish spot

centred with a few bluish-white scales.

Separable from L. Methymna, Trim., by (1) darker

upper side, without any reddish tinge; (2) absence of

disco-cellular lunule on upper side of fore wing; (8)

darker, more ashy under side, with (4) less distinct and

less macular discal row; (5) more elongate and dis-

tinctly defined white rings of hind-marginal row; and

(6) more conspicuous and acutely dentated white trans-

verse line in hind wing.

Taken in some abundance at and near Malmesbury,

a village some miles to the northward of Cape Town, by

Colonel Bowker and myself.

Hab. Cape Colony (Western Districts).

Lycena Bowkeri, n. s.

Exp. al. 1 in. 13—23 lin.

Allied to L. Thespis, Linn.

3. Silky liacine-blue; each wing with a rather

large blackish lunular mark closing discoidal cell, and a

moderately wide macular blackish hind-marginal border ;

cilia broad, black, conspicuously interrupted with white

between nervules. Hind wing: The spots composing

hind-marginal border more separated than in fore wing

(especially near anal angle), and immediately preceded

by contiguous thin whitish lunules. Under side:

Yellowish white; each wing with disco-cellular lunule,

irregular interrupted discal row of spots, and sub-

marginal row of smaller subquadrate spots,—all pale

352 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions o7 new

ochreous-brown, finely edged, internally and externally,

with blackish; close to hind margin a row of very

distinct sublunulate black spots. Fore wing: A longi-

tudinal brown stripe from base (where it is almost black)

along subcostal nervure to a little before and above

extremity of discoidal cell; three small ochreous-brown

spots near base (one in cell) ; discal row of spots abruptly

interrupted on 2nd median nervule; costa from before

middle to apex edged with blackish. Hind wing: Curve

of costal edge close to base black; an irregular basal

marking composed of three or four contiguous small

ochreous-brown spots; subbasal row of three spots much

as in fore wing; an additional spot on inner margin

near base; discal row abruptly interrupted on 2nd sub-

costal nervule, and thence angulated in almost a direct

line to about middle of inner margin ; the 7th (and very

slightly the 8th) black spot of hind-marginal row dotted

with silvery blue.

?. Only the basal and inner-marginal area of both

wings, and the hind-marginal region of hind wing, lila-

cine-blue, the dise being white in both; terminal disco-

cellular spot and irregular discal row as on under side,

but black and strongly marked; row of violaceous-

whitish lunules internally edging hind-marginal blackish

spots more conspicuous than in male in hind wing, and

also indistinctly marked in fore wing. Under side: As

in male, but all the spots somewhat sharper and clearer

in outline.

This interesting species is in the male distinguishable

from L. Thespis, by (1) the much less vivid more

lilacine-blue, and (2) much wider hind-marginal blackish

border of the upper side; and in the female by (8) the

much more developed discal white (especially in the hind

wing) and hind-marginal lunulate markings. On the

under side both sexes display (4) a whiter ground, (5)

smaller and more clearly-defined markings, and (6)

much more conspicuous and black spots of hind-mar-

ginal row. The tail of the hind wing is in both sexes

longer than in L. Thespis ; and in this character, as well

as in those of the under side just noted, L. Bowkeri

exhibits indications of alliance with such congeners as

L. Sybaris, Hopff., and L. Hintza, Trim.

Colonel Bowker, to whom I dedicate this species,

captured four examples early in the year 1881, on the

South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 353

summit of a high hill overlooking the Inchanga Valley

in Natal. He took two of each sex, and notes that they

were flitting about the flowers of a small leguminous

shrub.

Hab. Natal (Inchanga). )

Arruaia, Wallengr.

Arrugia brachycera, n. 8.

Allied to A. basuta, Wallengr., and A. Protumnus,

Linn.

Exp. al. (3), 1 in. 4—6 lin. ; (2), 1m. 7—9 lin.

3. Dull fuscous-grey, with a slight ochraceous tinge ;

in both wings a blackish terminal disco-cellular spot and

discal row of spots (indistinct in hind wing). Fore

wing : Hind-marginal area beyond discal spots darker

than basal area ; between disco-cellular spot and discal

spots a dull suffused space of pale grey tinged with

ochraceous, radiating on the basal portion of the median

nervules ; first four spots of discal\vow confluent and

forming a costal bar as far as 38rd median nervule—the

other four small, indistinct, separate, in a row inclining

inwardly, between 3rd median nervule and submedian

nervure. Cilia dull white, with rather narrow fuscous

interruptions at extremities of nervules. Under side:

Hind wing and apex of fore wing dull hoary grey. Fore

wing: Basal area whitish grey, scarcely separable from

discal suffused space, which is dingy whitish and much

more extensive than on upper side, forming a band

beyond discal row of spots; this row and disco-cellular

are very distinctly defined on the pale ground ; near base

two less distinct small fuscous spots, one in cell the other

below it; outwardly edging discal dingy-whitish band

a row of rather ill-defined sagittate fuscous marks ; hind-

marginal border pale brownish from a little below apex.

Hind wing: Irreeularly reniform disco-cellular spot, and

almost regular discal row of spots, very pale brownish,

with a thin dark brown edging line (stronger on inner

edge of row) relieved externally by a thin white line ; in

basal area the traces of two highly-irregular transverse

rows of broken pale-brownish spots ; a submarginal row

of minute, almost obsolete, subsagittiform spots ; hind-

marginal border clouded with pale brownish.

354 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new

?. Rather paler and slightly more ochraceous.

Fore wing: Discal pale space less obscure, not radiating

on median nervules, but extending more or less distinctly

beyond discal row of spots. Hind wing: Spots not

quite so indistinct. Under side: Hind wing and apex

of fore wing less hoary, more brownish grey. Hind

wing: Spots of basal area, except first and last of outer

row, altogether obsolete; sagittiform spots of sub-

marginal row much larger and more distinct.

The absence of yellow-ochreous colouring at once dis-

tinguishes this very dingy Arrugia from A. Protumnus |

Linn., and makes it more like A. basuta, Wallengr.,

which is the type of the genus.

From the latter, as far as the male is concerned, A.

brachycera may be known by (1) its darker colouring,

(2) larger and more pronounced spots, and (8) want of

whitish on disc ; while on the under side (4) it is con-

siderably darker, (5) has the fore-wing spots much

larger (with the marked exception of the spot near base

below cell), and (6) the discal row of hind wing much

broader and more regular. ‘The female is readily recog-

nised by (7) wanting the conspicuous white discal mark-

ings of the female A. basuta on the upper side. Apart

from pattern and colouring, the remarkable shortness of

the antennz is very noticeable, especially in the female, .

where they are only about 25 lines in length,—shorter

than in Protumnus, and much shorter than in A. basuta.

This Arrugia, which I formerly regarded as a local

race of Protumnus (see Rhop. Afr. Aust., ii., p. 279,

obs.), is rare in collections. I found it in some abundance

at Kuysna, on the south coast of the Cape Colony; and

a few examples of what I consider a small dark variety

of it have been taken at Cape Town. It appears in the

height of summer, and delights to sit on the ground in

the hottest and dustiest places.

Hab. Cape Colony (Western Districts).

D’Urnpania, Trim.

D’ Urbania saga, ni. 8.

Allied to D. amakosa, Trim.

Expal. 1 in. tn.

3. Dark brown; a discal row of dull pale ochreous-

yellow spots in each wing. Fore wing: Discal row of

South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 355

five spots strongly incurved, so that the last spot is

rather nearer base than the first one; a faint trace of a

sixth spot just below 1st median nervule ; a row of three

small and very indistinct spots of the same colour a little

beyond and parallel with upper part of discal row; at

extremity of discoidal cell a scarcely visible ochreous-

yellow spot, preceded by a similar not quite so indistinct

spot in cell. Hind wing: Discal row of five spots less

distinct than in fore wing, not curved, but rather

irregular ; the 1st and 2nd spots sublinear and confluent,

the last minute (below 1st median nervule). Cilia of

both wings dark brown, interrupted with white between

nervules. Under side: Dark brown, variegated with

whitish. Fore wing: 1st spot of discal row small,

white, the remainder larger than on upper side and of a

paler yellow; in discoidal cell a longitudinal whitish

streak from base and a terminal whitish spot; between

extremity of cell and discal spots a transverse row of

three short whitish rays; spots beyond discal row dis-

tinct, white; three or four small white marks between

nervules on costal edge beyond middle. Hind wing:

A conspicuous, irregular, white, discal stripe, well de-

fined internally but not externally, and very sharply

angulated on radial nervure ; before discal stripe the

following whitish marks, viz., one on costa at base, one

in discoidal cell at base, and another just before extremity

of cell; and an interrupted transverse row of very in-

distinct spots before middle; between discal stripe and

hind margin a row of thin internervular lunules.

From D. amakosa, Trim., this species is at once dis-

tinguished by (1) the conspicuous sharply-angulated

white stripe on the under side of the hind wing. Other

differences are (2) the want of whitish irroration gene-

rally on the under side; and on the upper side, (3) the

more sharply incurved discal row of spots in the fore

wing, and (4) the not incurved and more irregular row in

the hind wing. A distinction is also perceptible in the

form of the wings, as (5) they—especially the fore wings

—have a much less curved costa and more produced

apical region.

Only a single specimen of this interesting D’Urbania

has come under my notice. It was taken by Mr. L.

Peringuey, of Cape Town, in January, 1882; on the

Ilex River Mountain, in the Worcester district of the

356 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new

Cape Colony. Mr. Péringuey informs me that this

individual was in company with another larger butterfly,

which he thinks was most probably the female, but

which he did not succeed in capturing.

Hab. Cape Colony (Western Districts).

PAPILIONIDA.

PIERINA.

Pisris, Schr.

Pieris Ogygia, u. 8.

Allied to P. Zochalia, Boisd., and P. Calypso, Dru.

Exp. al..(o), in. 1 lin, ; (¢.), 2.1m. 64 din,

3. White, with black markings. Fore wing: Costa

edged very narrowly with black; base with a slight

pearly gloss; at extremity of discoidal cell an oblique,

angulated, transverse streak, wider in its lower portion ;

a rather narrow apical and hind-marginal border (widest

at apex), rather sharply indenting the white on nervules,

ending abruptly on 1st median nervule; at extremity of

submedian nervure a small spot, quite separate from

hind-marginal border; immediately before border four

rather small spots, of which three form an oblique row

from costa (the 1st touching apical border), and the 4th

is between 2nd and 8rd median nervules and rather in-

distinct. Hind wimg: On hind margin six nervular

spots, all (except that at end of submedian nervure,

which is small and almost linear), large, subovate, well

separated. Under side: Hind wing and apex of fore

wing pale chrome-yellow; nervures of hind wing uni-

versally black. Fore wing: In upper part of cell, for a

little distance from base, a flush of orange; disco-

cellular terminal streak fainter than on upper side,

commencing a little further from costa; four sub-

marginal spots distinct; apical yellow extending nar-

rowly to about middle of hind margin ; a hind-marginal

row of seven small, inwardly-acuminate, nervular, black

spots. Hind wing: Costa, from base to before middle,

edged with orange-red; a submarginal row of seven

small, subsagittate, black, internervular spots, of which

the middle or 4th one is very small; hind-marginal

spots all smaller than on upper side (except that at end

of submedian nervure, which is larger), narrow, sub-

rhomboidal, well separated ; a faint blackish dot on each

South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 307

side of 1st median nervule near its origin; on fold

between median and submedian nervures, for a little

distance from base, a very faint orange streak.

?. Similar to male, but considerably larger. Hind

wing: A submarginal row of five small blackish spots,

corresponding to the subsagittate spots of the under side,

but wanting the first and last spots. Under side.—Fore

wing: Flush of orange at base wider. Hind wing: A

black line marks middle part of fold between median

and submedian nervures.

Partaking of the characters of both P. Calypso, Drury,

and P. Zochalia, Boisd., this butterfly is on the whole

nearer to the latter, especially as regards the female. It

is distinguished from Zochalia by having in the fore

wing (1) a narrower, more angulated, disco-cellular

streak, and (2) a much narrower apical and _hind-

marginal border, enclosing no white spots; and in the

hind wing (3) much rounder hind-marginal spots, not

acuminate inwardly or united by the festooned line often

found im Zochalia. On the under side (4) the yellow

ground is much brighter ; (5) the fore wing has a basal

flush of orange, and (6) only four separated submarginal

spots instead of a continuous band; while in the hind

wing (7) the nervures are much more narrowly black,

and (8) the cellular strie and festooned submarginal line

are wanting.

From Calypso this species is readily separated by its

smaller size and much narrower black border of the

fore wing ; as well as, on the under side, by its black

nervures and very much smaller submarginal black spots

of the hind wing, and the want in the same wing of the

large terminal disco-cellular spot. The female has no

resemblance to that of Calypso, which has a broad

dusky border and ground suffused with yellow and grey ;

much like those presented by the darker females of

Gidica, Boisd.

I have only seen one example of each sex. The male

was sent to me by Mr. Walter Morant in 1869, that

gentleman writing that he believed it was captured near

Pinetown, Natal, where he was resident at the time.

The female was taken at D’Urban, in the same Colony,

by the late M. J. McKen in the year 1866.

Hab. Natal (Coast Districts).

358 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new

TERACOLUS, Swains.

Teracolus Bowkeri, n.s.

Allied to T’. Agoye, Wallengr.

Exp. al. 1 in. 6—73 lin.

$. White, with yellow-ochreous apical patch in

fore wing. Fore wing: Base and costa sparsely irro-

rated with black; apical patch internally irregularly

bordered with black, which is broad in its middle part

(and sometimes also in its upper part), but attenuated

and usually ill-defined towards its extremities ; a narrow

ray of clear yellow ochreous immediately beyond the

black, but the rest of apical patch tinged with greyish.

Hind wing: Base irrorated with black, more widely and

rather more closely than in fore wing; a longitudinal

ray of black irroration on costa beyond middle, its outer

extremity sometimes strongly marked ; subcostal nervules

very rarely thinly defined with black ; in some specimens

a few black atoms scattered about disc. Under side:

Hind wing and apical area of fore wing very faintly

tinged with yellowish. Hind wing: Costa very narrowly

edged with chrome-yellow from base to a little beyond

middle ; a general very fine and very sparse irroration

of dusky atoms.

?. Fore wing: Apical patch fuscous-brownish,

darker inwardly, traversed mesially by a dull yellow-

ochreous ray, which is sometimes suffused and ill-

defined ; base more widely irrorated than in male. Hind

wing: beyond middle, from costa, a transverse row of

three ill-defined dull-fuscous spots, the first of which

represents the termination of the black costal irroration

in the male. Under side: Yellowish colouring much

more decided than in male. Hind wing: Fine dusky

irroration closer than in male.

This little species is to be distinguished from 7’. Agoye,

Wallengr., as far as the male is concerned, by (1) the

larger, paler, less warmly-tinted apical patch of fore

wing ; (2) total or almost total absence of black nervules

in both wings; (3) want of copious black irroration in

fore wing ; and (4) presence of strongly-marked irroration

ray on costa of hind wing; while (5) the under side is

somewhat more yellowish. The female has (6) a much

larger apical patch, owing to the breadth and extension

inferiorly of the fuscous-brown on its inner border; but

South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 359

(7) wants the disco-cellular terminal spot presented by

Agoye female in both wings ; (8) the under side is duller

in tint, and wants both the disco-cellular spots and the

tinge of pale yellow at the base of the fore wing.

Colonel Bowker, after whom I have named this butter-

fly, took a solitary male of it in Basuto-land ; and in

1871 sent me a second example of the same sex from

Hope Town, on the Orange River. Later in that year he

forwarded a male and four females from the Vaal River.

On the 6th September, 1872, I captured a male at Kol-

berg, in Griqualand West. The only other specimen I

have seen was a male, received in 1879, taken by Mrs.

Barber on the Vaal River.

Hab. Cape Colony (Northern and North-Eastern

Districts).

HESPERIDA.

Pyreus, Hiibn.

Pyrgus Tucusa, n. 8.

Allied to P. Mohozutza, Wallengr., and P. Chaca, Trim.

Exp. al. 1 in.—1 in. 3 lin.

3. Fuscous, with semi-transparent white spots. Fore

wing: From base to before middle, along costa, median

nervure, and inner margin, some yellowish white irrora-

tion ; at extremity of discoidal cell two elongate spots

one above the other; a discal continuous row of nine

spots, strongly curved outwardly in its upper portion,

but thence sharply deflected inwardly to submedian

nervure a little beyond middle; of this row the 7th is

the largest spot, and the 8th the smallest ; close to upper

part of hind margin a row of fine, almost obsolete, dull

fulvous-ochreous spots. Hind wing: Median and sub-

median nervures clothed with dull yellowish white scales

and hairs; at extremity of cell an ill-defined whitish

spot. Cilia white, with narrow fuscous nervular inter-

ruptions,—those in hind wing almost obsolete. Under

side: Dull creamy white, varied with very pale fulvous,

and with small black spots. Fore wing: White spots as

on upper side, and edged with fuscous ; inner-marginal

area pale fuscous ; hind-marginal border creamy, faintly

tinged with fulvous, becoming macular towards posterior

angle; along hind-marginal edge a row of small inter-

nervular black spots. Hind wing: A thin costal edging

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT IV. (NOV.) 25

360 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new

near base, discoidal cell and a small space beyond, and

a widish hind-marginal border, very pale fulvous; five

small black spots near base, of which two are in cell ;

two parallel discal rows of small black spots, seven in

each row; inner-marginal fold tinged with fuscous at

its broad anal-angular extremity; hind margin thinly

edged with fuscous, interrupted (like the fulvous border)

by nervules of the ground colour.

?. Fore wing: White spots inclining to creamy, all

smaller than in male (especially the 7th, while the 8th

is wanting or exceedingly minute) ; hind-marginal spots

distinct, pale fulvous-ochreous, seven in number. Hind

wing: Disco-cellular spot large, pale fulvous-ochreous ;

close to hind margin a row of seven spots of the same

colour, not extending below submedian nervure. Cilia

creamy white, with wider fuscous interruptions (in hind

wing only at extremities of median nervules). Under

side: As in male, but the fulvous markings much

brighter. Hind wing: Two additional fulvous marks

immediately before inner discal row of black spots, viz.,

one between costal and subcostal, the other between

median and submedian, nervures.

In size this Pyrgus is nearer to P. Mohozutza, Wallener.,

but in pattern to P. Chaca, Trim. From the former

both sexes constantly differ in (1) the continuous cha-

racter of the discal row of white spots, due to the

presence of two spots between the costal three and those

below median nervure. The male is further separable

by (2) the purer white of the discal spots and the cilia,

and (3) by the obsolete condition of the hind-marginal

ochreous spots. On the under side both sexes present in

the hind wing (4) a regular inner discal row of seven

black spots instead of the three or four widely-separated

and irregularly-placed spots in Mohozutza; (5) paler

(and on costa and submedian nervure much reduced)

fulvous markings; and (6) a whitish instead of fuscous

inner-marginal fold. Apart from its very much smaller

size, Tucusa, in both sexes, is very like Chaca on the

upper side; but on the under side it wants entirely the

broad transverse median fulvous band and fulvous base,

separated by a creamy black-edged band, so conspicuous

in Chaca.

My. H. Barber first sent me examples of this species,

which he took in the Transvaal country in 1873. Several

South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 361

others were given to me by Mr. J. M. Hutchinson in

1881, with the information that he had taken them near

Estronet, in Natal.

Hab. Natal (Upper Districts), and Transvaal.

THyMeE.Licus, Hiibn.

Thymelicus Wallengrenii, n. s.

Closely allied to T. niveostriga, Trim.

Exp. al. 1 in. 2—4 lin.

S$. Dull brown; the hind wing much darker, almost

fuscous ; fore wing with almost transparent disco-cellular

terminal spot and six discal spots. Fore wing: Spot at

extremity of cell divided by disco-cellular fold; first

three spots of discal row minute but distinct, forming a

thin outward-curving costal ray about midway between

disco-cellular spot and apex; other spots of discal row

larger, forming a strongly inward-curving row between

third median nervule and submedian nervure—the middle

spot of these three being the largest, subquadrate,

and immediately below disco-cellular spot. Hind wing:

Spotless. Cilia broad, dusky whitish. Under side:

Hind wing and costa and apical area of fore wing pale

ochreous-brown, with a reddish tinge. Fore wing:

Spots as on upper side, except that those in costal part

of discal row are usually less distinct and sometimes

obsolete ; a hind-marginal whitish cloud over lower part

of ochreous-brown of apical area. Hind wing: A very

conspicuous, rather broad, white longitudinal stripe,

commencing at a little distance from base and running

along disco-cellular fold to hind margin ; a duller, much

less conspicuous, wider whitish stripe along inner-

marginal edge; space of inner-marginal fold brownish

rey.

s Paler, duller; hind wing not darker than fore

wing; spots of fore wing rather larger, the three lower

ones of discal row more widely separated from each

other. Under side.—Hind wing: Grey of inner-mar-

cinal fold paler ; inner-marginal white stripe very nar-

row and ill-defined ; on disc the minute traces of a row

of whitish spots.

From T’. niveostriga, Trim., this species may at once

be recognised by (1) the conspicuous longitudinal central

white stripe on the under side of the hind wing. Other

362 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new

distinctions are (2) three spots instead of two in costal

part of discal row; and on under side (3) the nervures

not paler than the ground colour; (4) the whitish cloud

on hind margin of fore wing; and (5) the dull and ill-

developed state of the inner-marginal white stripe of the

hind wing, which in niveostriga is shining pure white.

It gives me much pleasure to name this new butterfly

in honour of Pastor H. D. J. Wallengren, the dis-

tinguished Swedish lepidopterist, whose good fortune it

was to be the first to make known to Science a large

number of the South-African Rhopalocera.

Like so many other novelties among the Hesperide,

this curious Thymelicus rewarded the unremitting re- -

searches of Colonel Bowker, who discovered it in Zulu-

land in 1880. Later in the same year he sent an indi-

vidual taken at the Biggarsberg in Natal.

Hab. Natal (Upper Districts), and Zulu-land.

NIsoNIADES, Hiibn.

Nisoniades phyllophila, n. 8.

Nearly allied to N. Nottoana, Wallengr.

Exp. al. 1 in. 5—7 lin.

?. Pale reddish brown, with fuscous and transparent

spots. Fore wing: A central band of seven fuscous-

edged transparent spots, disposed thus, viz., an out-

wardly oblique row of three between costa and median

nervure (of which the 2nd and 8rd—larger than the Ist

—are in discoidal cell), and an inwardly oblique row of

four between 3rd median nervule and submedian nervure

(of which all are small but that between 2nd and 1st

median nervules, which is quadrate and much the

largest in the entire row of seven); near apex a short

outwardly oblique costal row of four small transparent

spots, of which the first and last are minute; between

the extremity of this subapical row and the 4th spot of

the median row, two fuscous spots, sometimes enlarged

and elongated longitudinally ; before middle, between

median and submedian nervures, a rather indistinct

fuscous spot. Hind wing: A transverse row of three

widely-separated fuscous spots before middle, one of

which (at extremity of discoidal ceil) is more indistinct

than the others ; beyond middle a strongly-curved trans-

verse row of seven fuscous spots, of which the first next

South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 363

costa is much the largest, and the 2nd and 38rd are

larger than the remainder; along hind margin, except

near apex, a narrow irroration of whitish scales, more

developed towards anal angle. Cilia in fore wing red-

dish brown, except in concavity just above posterior

angle, where it is white; in hind wing white, except

towards apex, where it is brown. Under side: Markings

mostly as on upper side; brown of fore wing paler ;

hind wing white, broadly bordered with brown costally

and apically. Fore wing: Fuscous spot before middle

faint, but marked with two subvitreous dots ; two fuscous

spots beyond middle obsolete or very faint. Hind wing :

Costal brown narrow at and close to base, but very broad

beyond middle and in apical area ; lowest spot of trans-

verse row before middle (and often also 5th spot of row

beyond middle) obsolete.

This form is very near the female of N. Nottoana,

Wallengr., but easily to be distinguished by (1) the con-

spicuous white field of the under side of the hind wing,

and (2) the whitish irroration of the hind margin of the

same wing on the upper side. Both these characters

approximate the insect to N. Flesus, Fab., but it differs

widely from the latter in its much smaller size, as well

as in the number, shape, and relative size of both the

transparent and fuscous spots. The nine specimens

before me all appear to be females, but four of them are

too much injured for any determination of their sex.

For many years I had but a single specimen of this

butterfly, and regarded it as a possible sport of the female

Nottoana. Another was sent, after a long interval, from

D’Urban, Natal, by the late Mr. McKen; but Colonel

Bowker has on different dates during the last four years

forwarded from the same locality as many as seven

examples. The Hewitson Collection in the British

Museum contains six specimens, recorded as received

from Delagoa Bay.

Hab. Natal (Coast Districts), and Delagoa Bay.

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( 3865 )

XVI. Descriptions of sixteen new species of parasitic

Cynipide, chiefly from Scotland. By P. Cammron.

[Read July 4th, 1883.]

Allotria ruficollis, n. 8.

Black; antenne and legs yellow; head, prothorax,

breast, metapleura wholly, mesopleura at the sides, and

base of abdomen, red ; tegule piceous. Wings hyaline ;

nervures dull yellowish. The antenne are longer than

the body ; 8rd joint straight and little longer than the

4th ; the last a little longer than the preceding; the

apical joints are somewhat fuscous. Base of abdomen

pilose. Radial cellule one-half longer than broad, closed.

Length, 13mm. Male.

In coloration this species comes very close to A.

pleuralis, Cam., but that has not the mesopleura black,

the antenne are only yellow at the base, the radial

cellule is not much longer than broad, and it is also a

smaller species.

Hab. Mull, in June.

Allotria ruficeps, n. 8.

Black; pronotum, mesopleura on lower side, and

breast, piceous-red ; legs reddish yellow; joints 1—4 of

the antenne yellow, the rest piceous; head and petiole

red. Wings hyaline; nervures fuscous. The antenne

are longer than the body ; 3rd joint straight, distinctly

one-fourth longer than the following; the last is not

much longer than the preceding. The radial cellule is

closed and not much longer than broad; the cubital

nervure is traced for two-thirds of the extent of the

wing. The pubescence on metathorax and base of abdo-

menis dense. Length,13} mm. Female.

The radial cellule is shorter than in A. flavicornis, and

the shortness of this cellule easily distinguishes it from

A. rujficols, with which it has some resemblance in

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT Iv. (NOV.)

366 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new

coloration. It is a larger insect than A. plewralis, the

antenne are somewhat longer, and have the 8rd joint

longer in proportion to the 4th, and the cubital nervure

is not traced in pleuralis at all.

Hab. New Galloway, in June.

Allotria curvicornis, n. s.

Black ; the four or five basal joints of antenne fuscous ;

mouth piceous; legs dull testaceous; the coxe and

femora almost piceous at the base. Wings hyaline;

nervures fuscous. The antenne are longer than the

body, being as long as the fore wings; the 8rd joint is’

slightly and the 4th and 5th distinctly curved and

slightly thickened; the 6th is very slightly bent, but

not so much as the 8rd. The radial cellule is of mode-

rate size, longer than broad ; its outer margin is curved ;

the cubital nervure is only traced at the base. The

pubescence on the metathorax is distinct; the petiole

piceous. Length, 1? mm.

Allied to A. longicornis, but differing from it in its

shorter radial cellule, somewhat shorter antenne, these

in longicornis not having the 4th and 5th joints curved.

Hab. Glen Lyon, in July.

Allotria Mullensis, n. 8.

Black ; head dull ferruginous, vertex piceous; pleura

almost piceous; five basal joints of antenne pale tes-

taceous, the rest fuscous ; legs dull testaceous ; coxe and

femora fuscous. ‘Two basal joints of antenne enlarged,

as long as the 3rd, which is longer than the 4th; joints

38—5 thin; the rest much thicker, becoming thicker

towards the apex; last joint one-half longer than the

preceding. Metathorax and coxe covered with a dense

white pubescence. Wings hyaline, the base yellowish ;

nervures pallid-yellow; radial cellule closed, minute,

almost semicircular, not being much longer than broad ;

nervures thick ; cubital nervure shorter than the length

of radial cellule ; fringe on apex of wing longish. Male.

Length, } mm.

Comes nearest to A. brevis, Thoms., but is readily

known from it and every species known to me by the

shortness of the radial cellule, which differs also in being

species of parasitic Cynipide. 367

semicircular, not triangular, as is usual; the reddish

head and piceous pleure’ also distinguish it from 4A.

brevis.

Hab. Mull, in June.

Allotria salicis, n. s.

Black ; face, pleura, and base of abdomen piceous ;

antenne fuscous, the base testaceous ; legs testaceous ;

the four posterior cox, the base of four anterior femora

and the greater part of posterior, light fuscous. Wings

hyaline ; radial cellule closed, double as long as broad ;

nervures pale yellow. Antenne a little longer than the

body ; 2nd joint thick, oval, a little more than one-half

the length of 3rd; 4th a little longer than 2nd; the

joints become gradually and slightly thicker towards the

apex. The scutellum, metathorax, and base of abdomen

are covered with a longish white pubescence ; the rest of

thorax and head sparsely pilose. Female. Length,

1—1} mm.

From A. minuta this species may be known by its

darker antenne and legs, longer radial cellule ; the latter

is a little shorter than it is in longicornis, and salicis

differs also from that species in its lighter-coloured legs,

much shorter antenne, and piceous thorax, it being also

a smaller species. In salicis there are two indistinct

sutures on the mesonotum, which, however, only extend

from the scutellum to the middle, and there is an

indistinct longitudinal suture on the lower side of meso-

pleura. It seems to belong to Foerster’s genus Hemi-

crisis.

Bred from a black Aphis on Salix pentandra from the

Kilpatrick Hills.

Allotria piceomaculata, n. 8.

Head and thorax piceous; abdomen black; pleure

dark ferruginous; antenne black, base testaceous ;

legs yellow. The antenne are longer than the body,

not much thickened towards the apex; 3rd joint nearly

double the length of 4th. Wings hyaline; nervures

fuscous ; radial cellule open, double as long as broad;

cubital nervure extending beyond the middle. Length,

1 mm.

368 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new

Readily known by the piceous head and thorax and

long antenne, which are longer than in the other species

with open radial cellule.

Hab. Dumfries, in June.

Psichacra glottiana, un. s.

Black, shining; apex of coxe, trochanters, base of

femora and their apical half, tibie and tarsi, reddish.

Wings hyaline; nervures testaceous. The antenne are

longer than the body; the 3rd and 4th much thinner

than the other joints; 5th thicker; the rest of nearly

equal thickness; 8rd joint distinctly longer than 4th; ~

5th shorter than latter; 6th nearly of the same size as

5th ; the others to the 18th shorter, oblong, and covered

sparsely with microscopic bristle-like hairs; the basal

joints of the flagellum are somewhat piceous. Scutellar

cup oval, rather shallow, a round fovea at its apex;

fovee at base of scutellum moderately large and deep.

Below the cup the scutellum is smooth and shining ;

lower down coarsely punctured. The hair on metanotum

moderate in length, dull silvery white; hair-fringe on

base of abdomen grey. Abdomen slightly aciculated on

basal half; apical smooth, shining. Radial cellule

closed, a little longer than broad ; margin deeply fringed ;

cubital nervure extending beyond the middle. The legs

are pilose. Length, nearly 3} mm.

Hab. Cambusland, on banks of Clyde.

Psichacra similis, n. 8.

Black, shining; antenne (except at base and apex)

and legs (except base of coxee) red. Wings clear hyaline ;

nervures testaceous. Antenne of the length of the

body, without a distinct club; 8rd and 4th joints about

equal; 5th a little shorter; 6th scarcely tapering at

base and apex, the following distinctly so; 9th to 12th

oval. Scutellar cup moderately deep, oval; sides

coarsely punctured all round ; fovez at base of scutellum

moderate; the outer margin striated. The hair on

metanotum is scattered and sparse. The male has the

antenne nearly three-quarter times longer than the body ;

the 8rd joint is, if anything, shorter than 4th. In colour

there is no difference between the two sexes, and the

wings are as in the other species. Length, 4—5 mm.

species of parasitic Cynipide. 369

Allied to P. longicornis, Htg. (gracilis, Dbm. sec.

Thoms.), but that is a slightly larger species. The tegule

with it are red ; the fovex at base of scutellum are larger,

deeper, and the outer margin is red or piceous, and is

not striated as in similis. The hair on the metanotum

is much thicker and denser, the antenne are shorter,

the joints thicker, especially at base of flagellum, and

the antenne are entirely red, as are also the legs. As

with most of the species, the base of abdomen is some- |

times red.

Hab. Cambusland, along the banks of the Clyde,

July.

Psichacra Marshalli, n. s.

Black; antenne fuscous-black; legs reddish testaceous ;

cox for the most part black; tegule testaceous. An-

tennze much longer than the body (nearly double), fili-

form; 38rd joint thickened, slightly curved, longer than

4th. Head and thorax opaque, alutaceous. WScutellar

cup small, narrow, longer than broad, acutely pointed at

base. Fovexe at base of scutellum large; their outer

border piceous, and ending in an acute tooth. Meta-

notum densely hairy. Wings hyaline, but with a slight

fuscous tinge; nervures testaceous. Length, 3 mm.

The opaque alutaceous head and thorax, small nar-

row cup of scutellum, and thickened curved 8rd joint

of antenne, easily enable this species to be separated

from longicornis and similis.

Hab. Barnstaple (Rev. T. A. Marshall).

Trybliographa nigricornis, n. 8.

Black ; extreme apex of coxe and trochanters, knees

broadly, tibiz and tarsi, testaceous; the latter two

infuscated towards the apex. Antenne not much shorter

than the abdomen and thorax together; 8rd and 4th

joints equal in length; 5th a very little shorter; 6th to

12th moniliform, longer than broad, striated, thicker

_ than the basal joints; last jomt not much thinner, but

longer than penultimate. The thorax is covered with

a scattered pale pubescence; the scutellum rugose, its

cup almost oval; sides of metathorax covered with long

eriseous hair. Abdomen a little longer than the head

and thorax together, somewhat compressed; the hair-

370 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new

fringe dense, griseous. Wings hyaline, slightly yellowish

at the base; cubital nervure continued to the end of

wing; tegule dull black. The legs are covered with

_ longish stiff-looking, closely-set, hair of a white glisten-

ing colour. The male has the antennee nearly one-half

longer than the body; the 8rd joint is a little shorter

and thinner than the 4th, which is swollen, and is shorter

than the 5th. Length, 4mm.

This species comes nearest to Hucoila albipennis,

Thoms. (which is in all probability identical with

diaphanus, Htg., and nigripes, Gir.), but is sufficiently

distinguished from it by its longer and entirely black

antenne and complete cubital nervure.

Hab. Clydesdale ; Dalry, Ayrshire.

Trybliographa testaceipes, n. 8.

Black ; apex of coxe, trochanters, femora (except in

the middle at the sides), tibie and tarsi, testaceous ;

flagellum piceous-red. Antenne as long as the thorax

and abdomen ; 38rd joint a little shorter than the 4th;

5th longer than either the 4th or 6th; 6th to 12th

moniliform, longer than broad, of nearly equal length ;

13th longer and thicker than 12th. Thorax almost

glabrous; scutellum obscurely rugose, punctured; the

cup oval. Sides of metathorax aciculated, almost

glabrous. Abdomen a little longer than the head and

thorax together, slightly compressed, the hair-fringe

weak, dull white. Wings clear hyaline ; nervures yellow ;

cubital nervure obsolete. Length, scarcely 2 mm.

In coloration this species agrees best with 7’. scutellaris,

Htg. sec. Gir., but that is a larger and stouter species,

and has the 8rd joint of the antenne longer than the

4th, and the cubital nervure complete. It comes near

to diaphanus, Htg.= albipennis, Thoms., but the latter

is a longer species; the antenne are shorter, and with

the 5th joint of the length of the 8rd and 4th; the

legs are much darker, the femora being almost entirely

black, and sometimes more or less of the tibiz.

Hab. Cambusland; Dalry.

species of parasitic Cynipide. 371

Erisphagia longipes, n. 8.

Black ; legs with coxe piceous-red, the femora suffused

with fuscous. Wings scarcely hyaline ; nervures fuscous.

The antenne are filiform, much longer than the body;

all the joints of nearly the same length. Radial cellule

longer than broad, the nervures curved ; cubital nervure

extending to near the apex of the wings. Abdomen

shorter than the thorax, a little compressed, the base

piceous. Pleure faintly aciculated, the sides of meta-

thorax sparsely pilose; the rest of the body glabrous.

Wings with long cilia. Legs long. Male. Length,

1+ mm.

Only two species have been referred to this genus,

namely, HL. depilis, Gir., and EH. curta, Gir., and from these

the present species is easily recognised by its totally

piceous-red legs, the others having them reddish only at

the knees, as in depilis, or the knees and anterior tibia,

as in curta.

Hab. Alsasua, Spain (Dr. David Sharp).

Melanips femoralis, n. 8.

Black ; the greater part of anterior femora, the apical

fourth of middle, and the apex of posterior tibie and

tarsi, fulvous-testaceous ; the apex of posterior tibiz and

tarsi more or less fuscous. Antenne nearly as long as

the body, becoming very slightly thickened towards the

apex ; 3rd joint nearly one-fourth longer than the next,

the other joints becoming gradually shorter to the penul-

timate, which is not half the length of the last. Sutures

on mesonotum narrow, becoming obsolete towards the

base of mesonotum ; the puncturing on scutellum is not

much stronger than on mesonotum, except at sides,

which are rugose; mesopleura for the greater part

smooth and shining; cox opaque, finely punctured,

except behind, where they are smooth and shining.

Abdomen not much longer than thorax, smooth, shining,

semisessile, the base aciculated, the hair on it sparse ;

nervures as in opacus. Length, 4 mm.

From M. opacus the present species may be known by

its darker-coloured femora and lighter-coloured tibiz

and tarsi, by the smaller size of the foveew at base

of scutellum, less strongly punctured scutellum, less

372 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new

clearly impressed sutures on mesonotum, and less hairy

thorax. M. longitarsis is readily distinguished from it

by the 8rd and 4th joints of the antenne being equal in

length.

Hab. Bonar Bridge, Sutherlandshire, in June.

Aegilips scotica, n. s.

Black; covered with a longish scattered pale down.

Antenne reddish brown beneath from the middle of 1st

joint. Mouth and palpi brown; tegule testaceous ; cox

black, except at extreme apex ; trochanters and posterior

femora for the most part, and the anterior to a less-

extent, fuscous-black; the rest of legs dull testaceous

obscured with fuscous. Wings hyaline ; nervures fus-

cous. Mesonotum almost shining, very slightly and

closely punctured ; furrows deep; there is a transverse

furrow at base of scutellum; in front of this and be-

tween the two lateral furrows is a shallow pit, which is

wider than long. Scutellum rugose, terminating in a

short, blunt, thick spine, which is obliquely truncated at

the top. Metathorax rugose, reticulated; in centre of

metanotum are two smooth fields, the upper being the

largest. Collar striated in front. Below the tegule on

mesopleura is a triangular striated part bounded by a

ridge. Petiole rugose, shorter than broad. Abdomen

shorter than thorax, smooth, shining. Antenne as long

as the body; 3rd and 4th joints equal. Male. Length,

nearly 4 mm.

This species has the greatest resemblance to A.

subulifera, Thoms., but that species has the mesonotum

semiopaque, transversely striated, and the petiole much

longer than broad.

Hab. Glen Moriston, in June.

Aegilips ruficornis, n. s.

Black ; antenne (except at base and apex), and legs

red ; coxe black, except at apex; posterior tarsi and

apex of tibie fuscous. Antenne if anything longer

than the body, becoming thickened towards the apex ;

8rd and 4th joints subequal; 5th shorter; last joint

one-half longer than preceding. Mesonotum smooth,

shining; sutures distinct, but shallow; transverse

species of parasitic Cynipide. 373

suture in front of scutellum much deeper and narrower.

Scutellum smooth in front; the sides have some irregu-

lar and indistinct reticulations ; behind it is rugose, but

not strongly above; below reticulated, the two parts

being separated by a keel; the fovew in front are

distinct, smooth ; behind there is a wide shallow fovea

at each side. Metathorax rugose, reticulated indistinctly

in the middle of metanotum. Petiole coarsely striated,

broader than long. Abdomen smooth, shining, shorter

than abdomen. The body is covered with a longish

fuscous pubescence. On the cox the hair is white.

Wings hyaline; nervures testaceous. Pronotum and

episternum obscurely punctured. Length, 4 mm.

The smooth scutellum allies this species to A. nitidula,

DIm., but it is a stouter insect ; the antenne are longer,

the sutures on mesonotum are scarcely crenulated, the

fovez at base of scutellum are distinct, and the antennz

and legs are red, not yellow, as in nitidula. The smooth

scutellum separates it from Dalmani and curvipes.

Hab. Bishopton.

Aegilips striolata, n. 8.

Black; antennze reddish testaceous, more or less

fuscous above, especially towards the apex; legs tes-

taceous; apex of femora and tibize yellow; posterior

tarsi and apex of tibie fuscous. Antenne longer than

the body ; 8rd joint distinctly longer than the 4th; 4th

and 5th subequal; last jomt not much longer than

preceding. Mesonotum scarcely shining; sutures dis-

tinct, crenulated; in front of scutellum transversely

striated ; a large shallow fovea longer than broad in

front of transverse suture at scutellum. Pronotum and

mesopleura above finely punctured, opaque. Scutellum

rugose, smooth and shining at the base; looked at from

the side it is bluntly triangular, above bluntly conical ;

fovez obsolete. Metathorax rugose, reticulated ; bound-

ing the centre of the metanotum are two keels, which

widen out in the centre; between these is a straight

keel. Petiole a little longer than broad, rugose. Abdo-

men smooth and shining. Wings hyaline; nervures

yellowish ; tegule testaceous. Length, 3} mm.

In general_appearance this distinct species most

nearly resembles A. nitidula, but the striated mesonotum,

3874 Mr. Cameron’s descriptions of new Cynipide.

punctured pronotum and scutellum, sufficiently separate

it from the common species; in having the pronotum

punctured it agrees with A. puncticollis, Reinh. (which

I regard as only a variety of Dalmani), but the striated

mesonotum, the large fovez at apex of mesonotum, the

less strongly punctured scutellum, the almost obsolete

scutellar fovee, mark it out as a very different species.

A. subulifera, which has the mesonotum transversely

striated, differs in the scutellum ending in a blunt

spine.

Hab. Mugdock, near Glasgow.

The following table will, I believe, enable our species

of Aegilips to be identified. A. Dalmani, I may add,

is the most variable species; the legs vary from ferru-

ginous to piceous, and the posterior femora, tibie, and

tarsi may be for the most part black or fuscous; the

antenne may be entirely black, or brownish, or reddish

on the under side; while the collar and the apex of

mesonotum are sometimes aciculated, or even punctured.

It is often found on windows.

Synopsis oF THE British Spectres oF Aegilips :—

1 (8). Scutellum conical, not ending in a spine.

2 (5). Scutellum smooth, impunctate in front and at

the sides.

3 (4). Scutellar fover obsolete; legs and antenne

bright yellow .. ae ae 2 . nitidula, Dim.

4 (3). Scutellar fover distinct; legs and antenne

red oe ae 30 : . ruficornis, Cam.

5 (2). Scutellum rugose.

6 (7). Mesonotum transversely striated, a large fovea

at its apex ; scutellar fovere almost obsolete ;

legs testaceous and yellow .. he .. striolata, Cam.

7 (6). Mesonotum not transversely striated ; scutellar

fover distinct; legs ferruginous .. .. Dalmani, Reinh.

8 (1). Scutellum ending in a spine.

9 (10). Mesonotum semiopaque, transversely striated ;

petiole much longer than broad (in male) ;

fovere at base of scutellum obsolete subulifera, Thoms.

10 (9). Mesonotum not striated ; scutellar fovee large.

11 (12). Spine short, obliquely truncated at apex, not

one-fourth of length of scutellum; legs

fuscous ; petiole shorter than broad .. scotica, Cam.

12 (11). Spine long, curved, more than one-third of

length of scutellum ; legs and antenne red;

petiole a little longer than broad .,. .. armata, Gir.

€ 98754")

XVII. Further notice concerning the fig-insects of Ceylon.

By J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c.

[Read July 4th, 1883.]

Puate XVI.

A RENEWED examination of some of the numerous species

of fig-insects, received from Mr. Stainforth Green and

Dr. Thwaites, has brought to light some curious and

unexpected circumstances relative to the sexes of several

of these little creatures which it is necessary for me to

bring before the notice of our Society, especially as it

enables me to correct an error into which I have in-

advertently fallen from too great confidence in the

analogy which might be thought to exist between several

of these creatures, by which we might predict as to the

relative sexes and their consequent specific sexual iden-

tification, and at the same time to do justice to a

careful observer who I had been led to suppose had

erred in the sexual identification of a species from the

Levant.

Sycoscaptella ? 4-setosa, Westwood.

In my last paper (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 48)

I described, under the name of Sycoscaptella ? 4-setosa,

a male insect which my two Ceylonese correspondents

had forwarded to me as infesting the seeds of Ficus

asperrima, and which appeared to me to be identical

with the male insect described and figured by Dr. P.

Mayer as the male of Ichnewmon ficarius, the female of

which, according to Dr. Mayer (represented in his

pl. xxv., fig. 5), is furnished with an elongated exserted

ovipositor arising near the extremity of a slender tubular

joint as long as the remainder of the basal portion of the

abdomen ; such being also the structure of the female

insect which I figured (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883,

Pl. VL., fig. 87) as the female of Idarnella transiens, of

which the winged male is represented by me in fig. 36.

TRANS. ENT. soc, 1883,—PART IV. (NOV.) 2F

376 Prof. Westwood’s further notice concerning

By accident the deflexed stigmal branch of the fore

wings of the female was omitted in fig. 87, although

represented in the adjoining fig. 40.

My identification of the sexes, and indeed my know-

ledge of the species, was derived from Sir 8. 8. Saunders,

who kindly presented me with the specimens represented

in my figures, and, on carefully re-examining them, I

adhere to the opinion I then expressed that they repre-

sent the legitimate partners of a species infesting Ficus

indica.

At the same time Dr. Mayer’s statement as to the

sexes of his Ichnewmon ficarius is completely confirmed

by the contents of a bottle received from the late Dr.

Thwaites, with the following note :—

‘‘ Bottle No. 1 contains the sexes of two species found

parasitic in the ripe fruit of Ficus asperrima, namely,

(A). The large wingless males belong to the winged

females of bright metallic colour and with long ovi-

positors, these latter organs being thickened at the

joints. (B). The smaller (wingless) males may therefore

be referred to the other winged females, black, with

shorter ovipositors.

‘‘The males of A are very active, and, after cutting

open the fig at exactly the right time, may be observed

scrambling about among the florets surrounding the

inner wall of the central cavity, looking out for the

females as they escape from their little prisons, laying

hold of them with their jaws and strong legs, and not

allowing them to escape till after coités, whieh occupies

but a few seconds of time; the females then at once fly

away, and settle on the leaves of some neighbouring shrub

or tree. These proceedings I have witnessed several times

in this species; the males remain mostly within the

central cavity of the fig, and are found dead after a

very few hours. I have not seen the sexes of B in

coutt.”

This very precise statement leaves no doubt that the

males of A are the legitimate partners of the bright-

coloured females, and it fortunately happens that Bottle

No. 1 contained a great number of specimens of each

sex of each of the two species, B being a species of

Blastophaga, with a male of the true Blastophagous

form, whilst of A the numbers of each sex were nearly

equal, the males being the Sycoscaptella? 4-setosa or the

Ichneuwmon ficarius (male) of Dr. Mayer, and the females

the fig -insects of Ceylon. 377

being, as appears to me, identical with Dr. Mayer's

Ichneumon ficarius (female), and which, with its details,

is represented in the figures accompanying this notice

(Plate XVI., figs. 1—1/). This female measures 24 mm

in length, the ovipositor, with its basal tubular sheath,

being about 4 mm. long. It is of a rich shining orange

colour, with the club of the antenne dark brown. The

mandibles are terminated by two teeth, the inner one

rather oblong, the other (apical) one acute and trigonate.

The palpi are distinct, the maxillary 4-jointed, the labial

2-jointed. This is an important character, since the

male, as shown in Plate X., fig. 78, of this volume, is

also palpigerous, thus proving that in this species at

least both sexes have the lower parts of the mouth

(maxille and labium).furnished with palpi. The thorax

is compact and oval, the legs moderately long, of the

normal form, the thighs not thickened, the tarsi dis-

tinctly 5-jointed. The abdomen has the basal portion

oval, with two dark spots on the upper side beyond the

middle; the penultimate joint is formed into a long

slender cylinder, equal in length to the basal portion of

the abdomen, furnished on each side with strong sete ;

this is followed by another segment channelled beneath,

as is the preceding joint. The ovipositor itself is

extremely slender and curved, and arises within the base

of a deflexed scale on the middle of the under side of

the abdomen. ‘The central portion of the ovipositor

is defended by two demi-sheaths, which are marked

throughout their whole length by small dark spots, from

each of which a strong bristle is produced; these demi-

sheaths are thickened at their tips, and their upper edge

seems thickened by a slender back-piece. The joints of

the antenne beyond the annuli are marked with longi-

tudinal impressed lines, which in some species of Chal-

cidide seem to be represented by rows of sete.

If this Ceylonese insect should prove to be absolutely

identical with that described by Dr. Mayer, it will be

proper to retain for it the specific name of jficarius, but,

in default of the means of establishing this identity for

want of specimens of the insect described by Dr. Mayer,

I prefer to retain the specific name I bestowed on the

male, 4-setosa. The question of the generic name of

this insect is also beset with difficulty. If we are correct

in regarding the two insects, figured in my Plate VL.,

figs. 36, 37, as legitimate partners, with the generic name

378 Prof. Westwood’s further notice concerning

of Idarnella, it will be clear that the insect now in

question cannot be associated with them, although the

structure of the female abdomen might be supposed to

warrant such a step. On the other hand, there appear

to be sufficient characters in the male 8S. 4-setosa to

separate it from the type of Sycoscaptella (see Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond., 18838, p. 86, as compared with the

description of the male 4-setosa on p. 48), so that

it may be necessary to establish another generic name

for its reception. This step, however, I prefer to defer

until I have made a more precise examination of some

of the other long-tailed female fig-insects received from

Ceylon.

Apocrypta, Coquerel.

In the memoir published by Dr. Coquerel in the

‘Revue et Magasin de Zoologie’ for August, 1855, on

the species of hymenopterous insects infesting the Ficus

terragena of the ‘Ile Bourbon,’ we find the following

notice of this tree and the habits of its parasites, which

merits republication in our ‘ Transactions,’ which have

already contained so many recent memoirs on fig-

insects :—

“Le Ficus terragena est un arbre qui a souvent plus de

dix métres de haut; ses fruits (sycones) sont fixés a de

longs rameaux toujours dépourvus de feuilles, naissant

des grosses branches et du trone lui-méme ; ils sont tres-

acides, et ne sont employés a aucun usage. J’avais

remarqué plusieurs fois que de petits Chalcidites volaient

a lentour, et, voulant savoir aux dépens de quel insecte

vivaient ces parasites, j’emportai plusieurs figues. En

les ouvrant, j’y trouvai, non seulement un grand nombre

de Chalcides, mais une infinité de petits insectes d’une

forme trés-singuliére. Au milieu de la matiére visqueuse

qui réunit les drupes, et dans lintérieur des drupes

elles-mémes, ils vivaient péle-méle, avec les Chalci-

dites, qui, selon toute apparence s’étaient développés a

leurs dépens. Ces insectes sont trés-lents dans leurs

mouvements; au moindre contact, ils se roulent sur

eux-mémes et demeurent immobiles. lJLeur taille

égale a peine deux a trois millimétres; ils sont dé-

pourvus d’yeux et d’ocelles; ils sont armés de puissantes

mandibules. Mais malgré l’emploi de trés-forts grossisse-

ments, je n’ai jamais pu découvrir chez eux ni palpes,

ni machoires, ni trace d’aile ou d’élytre.”’

the fig-insects of Ceylon. 379

The insects described and figured by Dr. Coquerel are

four in number, three wingless and one winged individuals.

The winged Chalcis explorator, Coquerel, now proves to

be a female Sycophaga: the Sycocrypta ceca, Coq., is

the male of a species of Blastophaga: the Apocrypta

paradoxa, Coq., is the male of a Sycophaga, of which

the female is unquestionably the winged Chalcis ex-

plorator of Coquerel, agreeing with the female insect

ee by me in our ‘ Transactions’ (1882, Plate II.,

oe) B

The remaining wingless insect figured by Dr. Coquerel

under the name of Apocrypta perplexa (op. cit., p. 869,

PI. X., fig. 2) issmallerthan A. paradoxa, ‘‘L. 4443 mil.,”

being 8 to 34 mm. long, and differs from the latter insect

(cf. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, Pl. I1., fig. 1) in several

important respects. Itis comparatively much narrower,

more cylindrical, with short mandibles acute at the tip

but destitute of teeth on the inner margin; the antenne

composed of three joints, of which the basal joint is not

dilated into a large oval plate; the clypeus forms an

acute point between the insertion of the antenne. “ La

levre inférieure présente une languette plus allongée que

dans l’A. paradoxa.” The abdomen is not quite so long as

the thoracic segments, as wide as the posterior part of the

thorax at its base, and gradually dilated till it becomes

twice as broad as the head, ‘‘ Ici les deux grandes trachées

latérales ne viennent pas aboutir a des lames membra-

neuses (as in A. paradoxa or Sycophaga, male); elles se

rendent a d’énormes stigmates qui sont situés sur la face

dorsale de l’avant-dernier anneau. Ces stigmates sont

munis, a leur partie supérieure d’un bourrelet saillant.

L’extrémité de l’abdomen est muni d’une tariére semblable

a celle de l’espece précédente,’’ and which ‘“‘je suppose

étre la tariére qui sert a l’insecte a introduire les ceufs

dans les drupes dont est garni l’intérieur des fruits.”’

Among the numerous species of fig-insects forwarded

to me by Mr. Stainforth Green and Dr. Thwaites from

Ceylon, I found, as parasites upon Ficus glomerata,

specimens of what appear to me to be identical with the

three wingless insects figured and described by Dr.

Coquerel. And it is to the Apocrypta perplexa that I

now desire to call the attention of our Society; and

which, with its various details, I have represented in

Plate XVI., figs. 2—2g. On comparing these with the

details of the male Sycophaga, given in Trans. Ent. Soc.

380 Prof. Westwood’s further notice concerning

Lond., 1882, Plates II. and III., the structure of the

front of the head, both on the upper and lower surface

(Plate AVI., figs. 2a, 2b), as well as of the basal portion

of the head (figs. 2c, 2d), the mandibles destitute of

teeth, the antenne destitute of the dilated basal joint,

the possession of two small black spots near the base of

the mandibles in the place of eyes, the ovate form of

the abdomen destitute of the elongated lateral cerci,

which seem replaced by the two horny plates described

by Coquerel (of which I have not been able to define the

structure), but which appear to me to be unprovided with

the two singularly large lateral trachee of the male

Sycophaga (of which I could observe no trace, although

represented in Dr. Coquerel’s figure),—are all sufficient

to warrant the separation of Apocrypta perplexa from

A. paradoxa, and, as the latter is now proved to be a

Sycophaga, the retention of the name Apocrypta for A.

perplexa will not perhaps be objected to. It was only

after numerous dissections that I was able clearly to

trace the two retinacula of the male, proving the exserted

terminal appendage to be the male organ, and not,

as supposed by Dr. Coquerel, the ovipositor of a female

insect.

In the absence of specimens of A. perplexa from Ficus

terragena for comparison with the Ceylonese ones from

F’. glomerata, it is not possible to determine the minute

differences (if any) between Dr. Coquerel’s and my

insects. Mine vary in size from 1 to 2 mm. in length,

and have the abdomen of a different form from Dr.

Coquerel’s figure. I have further to remark that the

external envelope of the thoracic and abdominal seg-

ments is so extremely thin and transparent, that I

cannot determine the absolute form of the posterior

portion of each segment, which overlaps the base of the

following segment to a considerable extent.

Pie. I.

the fig-insects of Ceylon. 381

EXPLANATION oF Piatt XVI.

Sycoscaptella ? quadri-setosa, Westw., female.

- Mandible of ditto.

- Maxillary and labial palpi of ditto.

. Labium and its palpi of ditto.

. Antenna of ditto.

. Ovipositor of ditto (basal portion).

. Extremity of one of the sheaths of ditto.

Apocrypta perplexa, Coq., male.

. Front of head of ditto, from above.

from below.

re) 9

- Basal portion of head, from above.

es ‘ from below.

. Extremity of abdomen of ditto.

. Retinacula of ditto.

. Teeth of retinaculum of ditto.

( 883 -)

XVIII. On the Cynips Carice of Hasselquist and other

Fig-Insects allied thereto ; with description of a new

species from Australia. By Sir Sipney SauNnDERS,

C.M.G.

[Read September 5th, 1883. |

Prats XVIII.

In the ‘ Proceedings’ of this Society (1881, pp. xli—xlv) a

discussion is recorded respecting the Fig-Insects collected

by Hasselquist in the Levant about the middle of last

century, as described in his ‘Iter Palestinum,’ edited

posthumously by Linnzus in 1757. One of his species,

the Cynips Carice, could never have been seen by

Linneus, who, misled by the equivocal description

thereof, subsequently united this species with Hassel-

quist’s C. Ficus under the conjoint denomination of

C. Psenes; the two being essentially distinct in many

respects, though found in the same fig; the former

(inter alia) having a very long ovipositor—described as

“‘ corpore duplo longior’’—and the latter a very short one,

as exemplified by his specimens still extant in the

Linnean collection, the comparative length of which

organ had been omitted in the original diagnosis. In

fact these two insects must be referred to different

families, as Dr. Paul Meyer has already suggested in his

Treatise ‘ Zur Naturgeschichte der Feigeninsecten,’ pub-

lished in 1882 (p. 583) ; the first belonging to the para-

sitic races, and the second being a genuine fig-seed

feeder (Blastophaga, Grav.)

I have lately received from an intelligent correspondent

at Smyrna, Mr. C. D. Van Lennep, Swedish Consul

there, whose attention had been directed to the subject,

several specimens, now exhibited, apparently coinciding

with this long-lost Cynips Carice. They were found,

like those of Hasselquist, in the wild Caprificus figs of

the autumnal crop which remain on the tree throughout

the winter, their insect occupants hybernating therein

in the larval state and being matured in the early

spring. But Mr. Van Lennep, who has been un-

remitting in his researches to this effect, has also

TRANS. ENT. §0C. 1883.—PaRT IV. (NOV.)

384 Sir 8. S. Saunders on Fig-Insects

obtained the same species in July from the second crop

of these figs, which attain maturity at that period; and

has forwarded a mass of their abdomens (10 or 12)

with the ovipositors attached, found conglomerated

together on one occasion inside a fig, serving to display

the respective parts of the peculiar oviduct, as now

exhibited. He has not, however, succeeded in finding

the C. Ficus of Hasselquist, described as ‘‘ Corpus totwm

rufum”’; all the Blastophage met with in these figs

being nigro-eneous in the females, like the B. grossorwm

of Gravenhorst. The apterous males have also abounded,

but no specimens have been found which could be

ascribed to the other sex of C. Carice, though many of

the figs themselves have been transmitted at various

periods.

Although the C. Carice had been confounded with the

C. Ficus since Linneus’ time, yet in Dr. Paul Meyer’s

elaborate Treatise aforesaid the figure of an insect,

apparently identical with these Smyrna specimens,

though not described by him, is given under the name

of Ichneumon ficarius of Cavolini (1782), together with

that of its reputed male, a subapterous species closely

resembling the Sycoscaptella ? 4-setosa from Ceylon,

recently figured and described by Professor Westwood

in our ‘ Transactions’ (1883, p. 48; Plate X., fig. 76).

These Smyrna specimens, no less than the female which

has been attributed by Dr. Thwaites to the Ceylon sub-

apterous species (as more recently reverted to by Prof.

Westwood), structurally coincide with the female Idarnes

transiens, Wlk. (Idarnella, Westw.) which has a winged

male corresponding with its winged partner mutatis

mutandis ; both figured and described by Professor West-

wood (loc. cit., Plate VI., fig. 36, male; fig. 37, female ;

with details, figs. 88—42). Thus we are led to infer

that, however closely these several species are assimi-

lated in the one sex, a paradoxical divergence occurs

among them in the other, not only as regards alary

characters, but also in general structural disparity.*

* T have just received from Gallipoli, in Italy, a female specimen

of the Ichnewmon ficarius of Cavolini, which differs from the

Smyrna specimens in its far less gibbous, more attenuated and elon-

gate thorax and abdomen, seen laterally ; and also one of its sub-

apterous partners (according to Cavolini) apparently coinciding with

the aforesaid Sycoscaptella ? 4-setosa, Westw., from Ceylon. Both

were obtained alive in the early part of October from the third

crop of the Caprificus figs—the so-called ‘‘Mammoni” of the

Italians—the ‘‘ Fornites” of Tournefort. Oct. 13th.

and Caprification. 385

Hasselquist’s description of Cynips Carice is lament-

ably deficient in many respects ; while that of Cavolini’s

Ichneumon ficarius is contained in a memoir not readily

accessible (‘Opuscoli scelti sulle scienze e sulle arti,’

vol. v., Milano, 1782), and is only casually mentioned

by Dr. P. Meyer (pp. 564, 580, 583), whose figures,

however, supply various supplementary details. A full

diagnosis of these Smyrna specimens seems therefore

essential ; to which is appended that of a new species

of Idarnella from Australia, whereoi several examples

have been found in the figs of Ficus macrophylla—all

females with the characteristic ovipositor ;—a species of

Sycoscaptella ? Westw., with very elongate tarsal sete,

being also met with in these figs.

Cynips Carice, Hasselq.

(IpARNELLA, Westw.)

(Ex individuis nuper in ficubus Smirnensibus decla-

ratis descripta).

Femina. Caput parvum, subrotundatum. Mandibule

rectz, basi late, apice bidentate, dentes parum curvati.

Oculi magni, ovales. Ocelli tres, capitis basin versus in

triangulo dispositi. Palpi parvi. Antenne geniculate,

thoracis fere longitudinem equantes; scapo elongato,

subrecto, basi constricto apice truncato; articulo 2do

clavato, curvato, precedentis dimidio fere breviore, basi

tenui; 3tio 4to 5to minimis, transversis, latitudine

sensim crescentibus ; sequentibus quinque scudiformibus,

longitudine latitudinem vix excedentibus, basi sub-

rotundatis, apice truncatis; reliquis tribus clavam fusi-

formem constituentibus. Thorax gibbus, ovalis. Pedes

femoribus parum inflatis; tibluis subrectis, apice trun-

catis, angulo interno calcaratis, unguibus majusculis.

Pedes antici breviores, tarsis parvis; posteriores quatuor

elongati, tarsis longissimis. Ale antice pellucide,

nitide, disco setis parvulis instructe, postice circiterque

apicem fimbriate; vena postcostali apicem versus in-

spissata, usque costam excurva, ulna (Wlk.) radioque

setis elongatis in serie dispositis; vena cubitali illo

breviore in disco deflexa, parum excurva, tenui, vix clavata.

Ale postice aveniz, sicut in anticis fimbriate. Abdomen

dimidio basali lanceolato, thorace parum longiore, seg-

mentis sex; dimidio apicali elongato, constricto, seg-

menta dua constituente, quorum primum tubiforme,

386 Sir 8. 8. Saunders on Fig-Insects

corneum, curvatum, apice sensim tenuius, truncatum,

subtus anguste canaliculatum; extimum coriaceum

penultimi trientis vel quadrantis fere longitudine, tubum

infra disjunctum apice attenuatum simulans, utrin-

que puncto spiraculiformi processuque styliformi pos-

tice subtus porrecto instructum, quo tubo oviductus

valvule basi obtectz, subter apicem cum terebra he semel

emergentes vel ex eodem per aditum inferne evadentes.

Oviductus (terebra sc.) corpore fere duplo longior, val-

vulis ejusdem apicem versus sensim incrassatis, singule

setis elongatis duplice serie munite; terebra ipsa

capillaris, apice parum falcata, e valvula ventrali ad

basin segmenti quinti abdominis emissa.

Idarnella Carice capite, thorace, pedibusque flavis,

tarsis articulo extimo fuscato; oculis nigris; ocellis

flavis; antennis basi flavis annulis inclusis, flagello

fusco; alarum venis pallidis; abdomine flavo, fascia

longitudinali dorsali a segmento 8tio usque ad apicem

producta, segmentorum basi utrinque plus minusve

transverse dilatata ; segmento extimo fusco; oviductus

valvulis nigris, terebra aurea, apice nigra. Long. corp.

4—45 mm.; exp. alar. 4 mm.

Hab. Circa Smirnam, in Ficus Carice silvestris

forma androgyna dict grossis (C. D. Van Lennep). In

Mus. nostro.

The structure of the antenne and wing-veins, as

well as that of the abdomen and ovipositor, is pre-

cisely identical with the corresponding parts in Idarnes

transiens, Wlk. (Idarnella, Westw.); the tubiform seg-

ment, hitherto regarded as appertaining to the oviduct,

being followed by an overlapping segment about one-third,

or one-fourth, of the length of the former, open along its

under side and covering the base of the sheaths, which,

together with the terebra, usually emerge below its

obliquely: tapering apex, though these are occasionally

deflexed through the channel beneath, thus leaving the

ereater portion of this covering segment extending beyond.

These sheaths, closely approximated at their acuminate

base, and articulating within the overlapping segment at

about one-third of its length, are there connected with

the nerves which govern their action, traversing the

whole length of the elongate antecedent segment, and

further traceable therefrom, in transparent specimens,

through the ventral segments up to the base of the

and Caprification. 387

terebra itself. This organ, affixed to a chitinous plate

within the ventral region of the 2nd abdominal segment,

effects its exit from within the ventral valve of the 5th,

and enters the narrow channel that underlies the elon-

gate tubiform segment, leading to the sheaths and their

overlapping segment beyond ; but, when separated from

these sheaths, it may be readily released from below

both retaining segments alike, as far as the ventral

valve. This is acutely pointed at its corneous projecting

apex, thus coinciding with Hasselquist’s definition of

** Aculeus alius abdomen terminans,” &c.* : as in Prof.

Westwood’s description of this part in the Cynipide

(Mod. Classif., &¢., vol. ii., p. 127), ‘‘ the venter being

terminated by a pointed piece having a canal running

along its middle, which is also produced considerably

beyond its front margin in the shape of a spine; this is

the terminal ventral segment of the abdomen.” The

analogy is sufficiently obvious, although the figure here

referred to belongs to a different family.

In the elaborate descriptions and figures of various

ovipositors in the several allied families, exemplified in

the same assiduous work, ‘“‘ as typically represented” in

Pimpla instigator (loc. cit., p. 189; fig. 75, 8—18), the

abdomen of the female exhibits ‘“ eight dorsal ares, the

eighth furnished at the tip with two minute styles. On

the under side of the abdomen there only exist seven

ventral ares, from the last of which arises on each side

a corneous elongated plate, which is the basal portion of

the outer sheaths of the ovipositor ; the apical portion

of these sheaths varies greatly in length in different

‘species, but the articulation always takes place near

the extremity of the body.” Thus the position of these

sheaths in Jdarnella, and their articulation towards the

base of the overlapping segment, serve to indicate this,

together with the elongate antecedent segment, as

integral parts of the abdomen, the more especially as,

exclusive of such prolongation, its dorsal arcs would be

reduced to six ; the ventral arcs being continuous beyond

* Hasselquist’s full description is as follows :—‘‘ Cynrps CARIcm.

Partes omnes ut in antecedente (C. Ficus !). Abdomen oblongum,

tenwius quam in antecedente, utrinque parwm acuminatum, a

thorace distinctissiemum. Spatiwm inter thoracem et abdomen

angustissimum, longius. Aculews caude wnicus, corpore duplo

longior, capellaris, versus caudam subtus carinatus, crassior,

parumque pilosus, reliqua parte tenuis, glaber, equalis. Aculeus

alius abdomen terminans, minimus, crassiusculus, subrigidus.”

(Iter, p. 425).

388 Sir 8. 8. Saunders on Fig-Insects

the base of the projecting fifth. Moreover, in assigning

these constricted segments to the ovipositor, the super-

addition of the overlapping flap, covering the base of

the sheaths but not attached thereto, would seem wholly

inexplicable ; while the presence of two lateral spiracles

towards its apex, together with the usual apical styles

and the subjacent acuminate process porrected beyond

(ventral ?)—as shown in Plate XVIIL., figures 1d, f, g, h

—constitute additional links in the chain of evidence

identifying this with the terminal abdominal segment.

In a posthumous paper by Walker on ‘ Insects

destructive to the Fig in India,” which appeared in the

‘Entomologist’ (vol. vili., p. 17; Jan., 1875), he describes

a nearly-allied genus (Polanisa) as having the ‘‘ abdomen

more than twice the length of the thorax, tapering to

nearly half its length, compressed and aculeiform from

thence to its tip: oviduct longer than the body, emerg-

ing from the base of the abdomen; sheaths proceeding

from the apex of the abdomen, slightly incrassated.”’ He

subjoins that ‘‘the form of the abdomen indicates that

in the act of oviposition the apical half of it is inserted,

as well as the sheaths of the ovipositor.” ‘‘ One speci-

men” (no longer traceable) is stated to have been

obtained—from what source, however, or from what

species of fig, or in what part of India, he does not

mention ;—but the terminal segments, which in Jdarnes

transiens he ascribed to the oviduct, are here assigned to

the abdomen. In fact the elongate tubiform segment

possesses no duct specially available for oviposition, the

terebra being subsequently received from below and

virtually independent thereof; the former apparently

analogous to Burmeister’s “‘ vagina tubiformis,” defined

by him as ‘‘a mere continuation of the abdomen,” and

terminating in proximity to the bipartite sheath or valves

of the oviduct (his ‘‘ vagina bivalvis’’), ‘into which,” as

he says, “‘ the vagina tubiformis opens”’; supplemented

by the ‘‘ valves corresponding with the last abdominal

segment,’ which ‘‘ appear as the cover both above and

below at the base of the vagina bivalvis itself” (‘ Manual,’

Shuckard’s Trans., p. 194).

The following antipodean species of this genus, much

smaller than the others referred to, entirely corresponds

therewith in characteristic details :—-

and Caprification. 389

Idarnella aterrima, un. 8.

Femina. Caput, antenne, thorax, femora, tibia,

abdominis dorsum, valvuleque oviductus, penitus nigri ;

ocelli diaphani; tarsi venterque pallidi; alarum ven

flavescentes, vena deflexa cubitali clavata, parum ex-

curva, apice 4-pustulata ; terebra rufo-picea. Long. corp.

2+ mm.; exp. alar. 2+ mm.

Hab. Australasie, prope Sydney, in Ficus macro-

phylle grossis sat frequens; nonnulle dimidio fere

minores. In Mus. nostro.

With regard to the Caprificus figs adverted to at p. 388,

Count Solms-Laubach, in his erudite Treatise on the

origin, domestication, and culture of the common fig-

tree, Ficus Carica, L. (“Die Herkunft, Domestication

und Verbreitung der gewohnlichen Feigenbaums,” Got-

tingen, 1882), observes, that from ancient times two

different races of fig-trees were clearly defined, which

have remained unchanged to the present day: the one

comprising the countless varieties of edible figs culti-

vated everywhere; the other bearing inedible fruit

which remains milky and hard up to the period of

maturity, when it partially softens without acquiring

saccharine juices, until it finally becomes shrivelled and

desiccated. This tree is only cultivated in certain

countries for special purposes, being mostly allowed to

shoot up spontaneously or grow wild: the Greeks called

it égiveos (or égives) ; the Latins, “‘ Caprificus.”” Hence the

term ‘‘ caprification’’—an operation still in vogue in many

regions while repudiated in others—on the efficacy of

which the Count, after diligent investigation during a

long sojourn at Naples, where this doctrine is generally

accepted, pronounces as follows :—‘‘ Caprification is an

operation traditionally practised in the same way from

generation to generation, which, necessary in bygone

ages, is now scarcely any more useful (‘jetzt kaum mehr

nutzliche’), the scientific importance of which, as a

means of evincing the changes our cultivated plants

have experienced in the lapse of time, cannot be too

highly estimated ” (op. cit., p. 44).

But the question of fact remains unsolved as regards

the possibility of any benefit ever accruing from this

system of hanging the Caprificus figs tenanted by the

Blastophage upon the domestic fig-trees at a certain

season, whether for the conveyance of pollen, or for

390 Sir 8. S. Saunders on Fig-Insects

promoting the distension, maintenance, or maturity of

the crop; the figs subjected to this process affording no

proof of the actual presence of the Blastophage within

the same: ‘‘ or a single Caprificus-tree is planted in the

fig-gardens, the passing of the insects to other trees

being left to chance” (Ibid, p. 24).

Count Solms gives various interesting details from

different writers respecting the habits of these insects,—

of their forcible entrance into the wild figs by squeezing

themselves between the scales of the ‘‘ Ostiolum,”’ where

he had himself frequently noticed a quantity of their

disrupted wings (‘“‘ ganze Buschchen solcher abgestreifter

Flugel,” p. 20) left there in the persistent efforts they.

make to pass this barrier,—of their subsequent de-

meanour and oviposition, their bodies being long recog-

nisable within the cavity of the fig,—and of the eventual

egress of the succeeding brood, still, as he states, from

between the scales of the Ostiolum. At Smyrna, how-

ever, these scales usually disappear ere then, leaving a

free passage instead, which the fig-growers are accus-

tomed to plug with a seed-pod of the asphodel, when

transferring such infested figs from place to place for

the purpose of caprification, an operation they deem so

essential that, if these figs fail, as sometimes occurs,

they import them from other far distant localities. He

also narrates, that when the female Blastophaga effects

her egress she ‘‘ adjusts her wings, places them together,

raises them perpendicularly, suns and dries herself, and

cleanses her hairy (?) body with her feet to free it from

the adhering pollen, wherewith she had become so be-

grimed in creeping through the crowning stamens that

she seemed powdered all over’’—thus effectually dis-

posing of the pollen argument !

But we do not learn that the Count noticed any

of these disrupted wings adhering in like manner to the

scales of the domestic figs; or that he had discovered

any such bodies in these, which in the other figs are

long recognisable within the cavity! On the contrary,

in adverting to an assertion of Godeheu de Riville

(‘Mémoire sur la Caprification,’ Paris, 1755) that this

writer ‘‘ had also found them in ripe figs,” the Count

significantly adds—which I did not succeed in doing

(‘was mir nicht gelungen ist”)! He could not have

failed to detect them in Naples, where caprification

is revered as a doctrine of faith, had they existed in

and Caprification. 391

the latter; so that in both instances, as in that of the

pollen also, there is a lack of evidence which it would be

difficult to reconcile with any reputed virtues attributed

to the caprification process.

Nevertheless a theory has been advanced by some

Italian writers, whereon the Count enters into elaborate

explanations of his own (p. 36), to account for the non-.

existence of any brood of these insects in the domestic

figs, namely, that from some strange anomaly their ova

are not suitably deposited, and consequently remain

unproductive : whereon Dr. Paul Meyer, in his valuable

Life-History of Fig-Insects, already referred to, after

summarizing the Count’s remarks on this head, illus-

trated by a copy of his Diagram (p. 560), observes—

the reasons which render oviposition impossible here are

not known! The explanation, however, would seem to

be, that this hypothesis being necessarily dependent

upon experimental essays made with figs laid open for

the purpose of artificially introducing the Blastophage

(which are otherwise not to be found therein), the rapid

effects of partial desiccation ensuing on such occasions

preclude the egg from attaining its proper position, being

sometimes met with even reversed, with the pedicel

pressed in forwards, as described in these experiments.

Others, however—among whom the Count cites several

writers, including Olivier—have denounced this opera-

tion as an inveterate prejudice; and Gasparrini, of

Naples, who had profoundly studied the subject, comes

to the same “conclusion” (as quoted by the Count,

p- 27), namely, ‘‘ Abbiamo veduto con esperimenti che

Vinsetto non accelera la maturazione, ne fa allegare i

frutti—e che pero la caprificazione torna del tutto inutile

per l’allegamento e la maturazione dei frutti; anzi

dovrebb’essere abolita nella nostra agricoltura.”’

As regards the trees themselves, Gasparrini has shown

that the Caprificus and its domestic associates appertain

alike to the F’. Carica, L.; for, after rearing a number

of seedlings from three varieties of the domestic fig-tree,

a few of which bore fruit in 1852, some corresponding

with the latter and others with the former, he records

his results as follows:—‘‘ Res itaque ad pristinum

revocanda nam Caprificus et Ficus uti ex experimenta

liquet sunt individui ejusdem speciei ex qua tot tanteque

varietates et subvarietates promanant”’ (Solms, p. 19).

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT IV. (NOV.) 2a

392

Fig-Insects and Caprification.

EXPLANATION oF Puatr XVIII.

Fic. 1. Idarnella Carica, female, magnified.

la.

10.

ie:

1d.

Mandibles of ditto.

Antenna of ditto.

Abdomen and ovipositor of ditto, seen laterally.

Terminal segment apart.

. Bipartite sheath of ovipositor of ditto.

. Terminal segment, as seen in situ.

. Ditto, in another position.

. Ditto, seen transparently.

. Antenna of Idarnella aterrima, female.

. Abdomen and ovipositor of ditto, seen transparently.

. Anterior portion of fore wing of ditto.

( 393 )

XIX. Revision of the genera and species of Malaco-

derm Coleoptera of the Japanese fauna. By Rev.

H. 8. Goruam, F.Z.S.

[Read September 5th, 1883.]

Part I.—LYCIDA, LAMPYRIDA,

Puate XVII.

In offering the descriptions of the many new species of

beetles of the Malacoderm portion of Mr. Lewis’ recent

collection, I shall follow the example of other authors of

descriptive papers submitted to this Society of prefacing

them by a few remarks on the light they appear to

throw on the distribution of animal life to this eastern

limit of the globe. But I would first desire to say that

we very much want a few guiding principles as to how

the subject of distribution is to be approached, and to

define at the outset whether we are referring to a sup-

posed migration from one or more centres, or to, what is

far oftener apparently intended, the development of the

family or order within the district itself. To get a clear

idea of this I think we may divide the genera and

species of any family of sufficient importance into three

categories :—

1. The generalised or undifferentiated type.

2. The ordinary type.

8. The specialised or much modified type.

Of these the first includes such genera as are found

with little modification in far distant and dissimilar

parts of the world, and I take to indicate an ancient

settlement of the family wherever they occur. They are

the unaltered representatives of the stock from which

the rest have sprung.

The second embraces the larger number of both

genera and species; it is by its alliances and apparent

migrations that we shall be able to gain an approach to

a solution of those difficult problems of distribution, by

land- or by sea-currents or by flight through the air,

which occupy so many minds at the present moment.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1888. PART IV. (NOV.)

394 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s revision of the

In the third we only see the result of high develop-

ment under favourable conditions for its taking place.

The few genera in this category speak of a settled and

prosperous home long enjoyed. They are the autocthones

of the country and occupy a precarious position, from

which any slight disturbance may speedily remove them.

Or, in other words, the presence of genera of the first

category speaks of ancient settlement ; of the second of

permanent occupation; of the third of duration under

favourable conditions.

In my first category I do not include such abnormal

genera as combine the characters of two or three

families, and are not satisfactorily placed in either.

These I eliminate, as being only placed in either family

for the sake of convenience ; they are, according to my

view, the living representatives of a still older stock,

and are limited in distribution, and are rare just because

they represent a bygone and still more generalised type.

I speak here only of such genera as clearly belong to

existing families. Among the Lycide there is a well-

known genus in Europe, Homalisus. It is what I would

call an undifferentiated family type, and one new genus

from Japan, Pristolycus, seems a parallel case. This

insect, with the general appearance of one of the Lycide,

has the trochanters applied to side of the base of the

femora, as in the neighbouring families; the antennze

are close at their insertion, as in Lycide and Lampyride ;

the middle coxe are very close, as in Telephoride.

Similar cases of rare abnormal genera, as we some-

times call them, will occur to every one. I repeat, that

while these are to me instances of my principle more

broadly applied, in treating of the family I refer here to

what are often called dominant genera, as, for instance,

Bembidium, with its outlying small genera, among the

Caralide ; while Amphizoa, suggested to me by Mr.

H. W. Bates, is an instance of the generalised family

type.

To illustrate my idea, the family with which I com-

mence this paper will serve my purpose as well as any

other, better than some, for some other families may be

deficient in the first or in the third categories, although

abundant in species, with but a moderate degree of

development in any particular direction. In the Lycide

one of the most remarkable developments is the inflation

of the elytra in the males. It is not my purpose here

genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 395

to enter upon an explanation or suggestion of the pur-

pose or function of any of these developments, but

merely to point out the degree in which these seem to

have taken place in the Japanese fauna. The inflated

form is almost restricted to Africa, but finds its counter-

part in the New World ; it is joined to the production of

the head into arostrum. This form is only represented

by a single genus, Lycostomus, inthe East, and in Japan

by but one species. Another form, which seems to me

much modified, and to be the one to which the eastern

line of development tends, is Metriorhynchus; this reaches

its maximum in Australia, but is represented by but one

species in Japan, so far as Mr. Lewis’ collections have

yet shown; the rostrum is still present here, but not

any degree of inflation of elytra; but in its place a

remarkable modification of thoracic structure takes

place, a tendency towards which may be traced through

many eastern genera. It is very common throughout

the Coleoptera, and, I believe, in other orders of insects,

to find a central channel on the disk of the prothorax ;

its probable use is explained by the attachment for

muscles afforded by the corresponding inward projection ;

this, therefore, is no peculiarity of the Lycide, but in

fact it gives way to another form, viz., a carina, there

being hardly any genus of Lycide with a simple channel

from front to base of the thorax. And the peculiarity of

the family consists in this, that not only is the channel

converted into a carina, but that various carine are set

up in various directions, reaching a maximum in

Metriorhynchus. The most simple form, and that in

which we see this change taking place incipiently, is

found ina genus Plateros, which in its broad sense is

found in all parts of the world, at least where any con-

siderable number of the family are found. The channel

is present here only at the base of the thorax ; in front

a carina is formed. The head is not rostrate; the

antenne are of the simple serricorn type. The elytra

have the simplest form of striation, and the nearest

approach to true punctuation to be found in the family,

not differing so very much from that of the allied

families of Hlateride, or from the prototypical forms of

Lampyride or Telephoride. This I would regard then

as a representative of the undifferentiated type, and it is

represented in Mr. Lewis’ collections by one or two

species which do not depart in any great degree from

the North American species of the same genus,

396 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s revision of the

Of the middle category, Japan has hitherto furnished

us with some four genera, two of which, Eros and

Platycis, are well-known Palearctic and Nearctic forms ;

and the other two are Indo-Malay forms, which I shonld

regard as Hroid genera, but less specialised, and nearer

therefore to Plateroid forms than Eros is itself.

We have therefore in Japan a sort of picture or

sample, as it were, of the whole Lycide. The number

of species is small (only eighteen) if compared with

those extending over a similar district of volcanic and

forest-land, say in Tropical Central America, but fully

equal to that of North America between similar latitudes,

where some twenty-five occur over the whole of the

United States, and large compared with that of Europe,

from the whole of which only twelve species are known.

An attempt to summarise the facts here noticed leads

one rather to negative conclusions, and such I think will

be generally found to be the case. The Japanese does

not appear to be a derived fauna, for the number of

endemic forms is large both in proportion to the number

of species and the size of the district explored. HEx-

tinction of species or of genera does not appear to have

gone on so much as in the Huropean side of the Pale-

arctic region. We have several genera of my first cate-

gory pointing to an early settlement of this family here ;

while one genus is so remarkable as to suggest that it,

like the anomalous genus Homalisus, represents the

ancient synthetic type from which both Lycide and

Telephoride and other sections of the Malacodermata

have sprung,—I mean a new genus which I characterise

in the present paper, but of which the proper location is

doubtful, viz., Pristolycus.

In short, there is nothing in the Japanese genera of

this section of the Coleoptera to lead us to think any

movement of the species has taken place. One or two

genera, as Lycostomus and Metriorhynchus, are the off-

shoots or exponents of the Indo-Malay and the Austro-

Malay types of development respectively, but on the

whole the reverse seems the fact, viz., that the fauna of

Japan is really endemic, and that its apparent relation-

ship with the North American fauna will be explained

by referring such genera as are found in common to the

primitive types, which are universally distributed where

not extinguished by local depauperation.

genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 397

The following is a list of the species :—

Lycip. Plateros purpurivestis, n. 8.

Lycostomus modestus, Kiesenw. », mnothus, Kiesenw.

Macrolycus pectinifer, Kiesenw. » lineatus, n.s.

Mesolycus (n. g.), puniceus, n. s. Pristolycus (nu. g.), sagulatus. n.s.

Metriorhynchus geometricus, Kiesenw.

Eros erythropterus, n.s. LamMpyripm.

», oculatus, n.s. Lucidina (n.g.), accensa, n.8.

5, spinicoxis, Kiesenw. » bdiplagiata, Mots.

» velatus, n. 8. Lucidota ? discicollis, Kiesenw.

Platycis nasutus, Kiesenw. os fumosa, n. 8.

Conderis orientis, 0.8. Luciola picticollis, Kiesenw.

ye eeDICLUuS. 0. Ss », vitticollis, Kiesenw.

Lyponia quadricollis, Kiesenw. », parvula, Kiesenw.

» delicatulus, Kiesenw. » gorhami, Rits.

Plateros coracinus, Kiesenw.

LYCIDA,

Lycostomus modestus.

Lycus modestus, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874,

p. 250, nee Lycostomus modestus, C. Waterh., Ill.

of oLyp.. Col..B.;M:, 1879, p11, pl. 2; £40,

Nagasaki and Kashiwagi.

Not very close to any described species; there is

affinity to such species as L. debilis, Waterh., but the

dull brown elytra, with greyish-black thorax, amply dis-

tinguish it.

Mr. Lewis met with the sexes in union in June. The

males are the larger specimens, with longer and slightly

more serrate antenne.

Macrolycus pectinifer. (Pl. XVIL., figs. 1, 2).

Celetes pectinifer, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874,

. 251.

Cones pectinicornis, Kraatz, Deuts. Ent. Zeits., 1879,

p. 197, plu. t. 2; Bours:, Bull.’So0c. Nnt--¥r.,

(6), i., p. xlvi.

Lygistopterus flabellata, Mots., Schrenck, Reis., 1860,

p tl4 pl 7, b 29. 2

Niger, elytris purpureis, sericeo-velutinis tenuiter

quadricostatis, costa tertia obsoleta ; prothorace antice

carinato, postice carina perbrevi, medio fossulato. Long.

fg 9—18 mm., 2 9—20 mm.

Mas. Antennis articulis 8—10 longe flabellatis, seg-

mento ventrali ultimo longe lanceolato, medio latiusculo.

Fem. Antennis serratis, segmento ventrali triangulari,

apice exciso, subbimucronato.

Nikko and Fukushima; Nara; Junsai.

398 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s revision of the

Maxillary palpi with the apical joint wider at its base

than the preceding one, somewhat conical. Antenne of

the male with joints 83—10 gradually shortening in

length, with lengthened flabellate branches, the end

joint being finally nearly as long as the branch of the

joint before it; the whole antenna about two-thirds of

the body’s length. Thorax rounded in front; but a little

sinuate, varying in different specimens; in the larger

ones (which have at the same time more crimson-red

elytra) it is usually but slightly contracted before the

hind angles, which are produced and very acute; in

smaller ones, and in some which have browner elytra,

there is a decided contraction of the sides immediately

before this acute hind angle; the middle of the basal

margin rises to meet the very short basal carina, but is

scarcely emarginate. The elytra are either crimson,

with a rich purple hue, or brown. I cannot consider

the latter a distinct species; they are very closely

covered with silky adpressed hairs; no punctures or

reticulation whatever is visible.

Although this species varies so much in size and

in colour, the larger specimens being more richly

coloured than the smaller ones, yet from an examination

of both the male and female types from Mr. Lewis’ first

collection there is no doubt the fine series of specimens

brought by him from Nikko, Fukushima, and other

places inthe main island, belong to the species described

by Kiesenwetter, who, however, failed to observe the

split claws. Identified by Bourgeois with L. flabellata,

Mots., but I feel doubtful on this point.

MEso.ycvs, n. g.

Characteres plerumque ut in Macrolycus, sed antenne

maris simpliciter serrate, prothoracis latera antice con-

vergentia, angulis posticis acutis haud valde productis ;

disco antice carinato. Ungues fissi, at maribus intermedii

ungue anteriori tantum fisso. Type, Mesolycus puniceus.

This genus is remarkable, as being a second genus of

Lycide with the claws split, or rather armed with

a spine near their points, Macrolycus having been the

only genus in which this kind of structure (which is

frequent in the Lampyride and Tlephoride) has yet

been noticed.

In the present genus not only is the only species

I have yet seen but of medium size, but what is very

genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 399

interesting is that the males differ from the females in

having the intermediate tarsi with only the anterior

claw thus split. This is analogous to what occurs in

the genus Photuris, and might not of itself be considered

of generic value; the antenne, however, differ as much

from those of Macrolycus as in other genera founded by

Mr. Waterhouse on that character.

Mesolycus puniceus, n.s. (Pl. XVILI., figs. 3—38 b).

Niger, prothorace pube ferrugineo brevi parce vestito,

elytris puniceis dense sed breviter pubescentibus, obso-

lete et indistincte punctatis ; sutura, margine et lineis

tribus elevatis, interiore obsoletiori, ante apicem abbre-

viata. Long. 8—10mm., 3. 2.

Mas. Antennis quam femine, paullo longioribus,

segmento sexto late et profunde exciso.

Nara; Junsai; Nikko.

Head with a short blunt rostrum ; apical joint of the

maxillary palpi very little widened, but subtruncate ;

Ist and 2nd joints of the antenne pale on the inner

side, their length about two-thirds of the body’s length

-in the male. Thorax longer than wide, hardly differing

in the sexes; the carina extending half the length of

the disk, and towards the base ending in a flat elevation ;

the base widely, not deeply, transversely impressed.

The head is a little more exposed in the male, owing to

the thorax being a little smaller in that sex. The elytra

are very similar in colour and structure to those of

M. purpureus, but are deeper and more obscure in tint.

They are nearly parallel in the male; in the female

they widen a little after the middle; the suture is

faintly sinuous, dehiscent after one-third, and narrowly

black.

A considerable series of specimens, and in two instances

the sexes united, were found by Mr. Lewis.

Metriorhynchus geometricus.

Eros geometricus, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874,

p- 256.

Cema Bourgeoisi, Harold, Stet. Ent. Zeit., xl., p. 338,

E79; 2.

Metriorhynchus id., Bourg., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., (5),

x., p. 149, 3.

Kashiwagi; Nara; Fukushima ; Junsai.

400 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s revision of the

Two specimens (males) agree with the type of this

species ; these are entirely black, 8 mm. in length ; the

thorax with the usual seven areolets, the antenne pecti-

nate, but with these a considerable series of larger

Specimens appear to be conspecific, which have the

elytra red-brown at the base for nearly half their length,

owing to the scales with which their coste and all the

raised parts are thickly clothed being of that colour.

This insect agrees very nearly in colour with several

Lycide from Borneo, Sumatra, and the adjacent islands,

of which an account will be found under M. infuscatus,

in ‘Notes from the Leyden Museum,’ vol. iv., p. 96,

1882. The rufous scales are no doubt very easily.

removed by friction or wet, which was probably the

case with the specimens from which it was described.

Eros, Newman.

The type of Hros is L. coccineus, L., aurora, Herbst,

and of English writers. The thorax has five areolets;

the antenne are simple, or only slightly serrate, much

longer in the male than in the female. The elytra have

the alternate four coste more raised than the lines

which separate the double rows of cells between them,

of which there are thus ten between the suture and the

margin. This definition will exclude such species as

D. affinis, Payk., and ZL. minutus, F., for which the

genera Pyropterus, Mulsant, and Platycis, Thompson,

are adopted by all students of the Lycide now. But one

of the species described by Kiesenwetter as Hos can be

referred to that genus; they will be found here under

the genera to which, in the present state of the syste-

matic arrangement of this family, they pertain. Two

species, Hros granicollis and EH. atrorufus, Kiesenw.,

Deuts. Ent. Zeits., 1879, p. 805, I cannot refer to their

proper genera, or identify with any of Mr. Lewis’ species.

No size is given, but they are, I suspect, Platerotes. Mr.

Lewis’ last journey has proved, however, that true Hos

are in Japan.

Eros erythropterus. (Pl. XVIL., fig. 7).

Niger, prothorace elytrisque late coccineo-rufis illo

disco subinfuscato. Long. 7—9 mm.

_ Mas? Antennis corporis fere longitudine, fere sim-

plicibus, articulo tertio quam secundus paullo longiori.

Oyayama, flying round an old tree in April, 1881.

genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 401

This elegant species is so near H. coccineus, L., that

it will suffice to point out the difference. It is of course

much smaller than average specimens of that insect.

The antennz are longer and thinner, less compressed,

and with the 8rd joint smaller than in the males of

E. coccineus. The thorax has in its centre a wide

lozenge-shaped area; in EH. coccineus this area is joined

to the base by a short carina; here its apex is on the

base.

Eros oculatus.

Niger, prothorace infuscato, margine toto tenuiter

rufo, elytris rubricatis. Long. 7—8 mm., 3, °.

Mas. Antennis quam corpus paullo brevioribus, oculis

subglobosis, prominentibus.

Femina. Antennis brevioribus, oculis haud promi-

nentibus.

Hakone and Miyanoshita.

Closely allied to the last species, smaller, with more

prominent eyes, and the whole disk of the thorax pitchy

black, or at least infuscate; in addition to these dis-

tinctions the thorax is proportionally smaller, the ridges

separating the areolets are not so much raised, and the

transverse one dividing the two front ones from the two

posterior is not carried so far back towards the hind

angles. Of the elytra the intercostal spaces are narrower,

and the double row of square meshes not so even or 80

distinct.

The single female specimen is smaller than the two

males met with by Mr. Lewis; this is no doubt merely

accidental.

Eros spinicoxis.

Eros spinicoxis, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874,

p. 254.

Konose; Nara; Nikko; Fukushima.

When this species is in fine condition the elytra appear

brownish red from the fine pubescence with which they

are covered; other specimens are quite black. I have

carefully examined the female type specimen, as well as

several others identical, as I think, with it, of both

sexes, and I cannot discover the coxal spines mentioned

by Kiesenwetter. The trochanters are triangular and

dentiform, as is usual in this family; the coxw appear

to me to be quite simple. This cannot be considered a

402 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s revision of the

typical Hros, having but three distinctly raised coste ;

the 1st costa is often abbreviated beyond the middle, the

2nd and 3rd start almost together from the humerus,

and the space between the 2nd and 38rd is wide at the

base, with a short intervening line representing the 4th.

Two specimens, a male and a female, taken at the

same time as others of this species at Fukushima, have

the antenne decidedly shorter, with more nearly quad-

rate joints, but I hesitate to consider them as specifically

distinct at present.

Eros velatus, n. 8.

Niger, thorace subnitido; elytris subopacis, inter-.

stitiis alternis et margine squamulis purpureis vestitis.

Antennis vix serratis. Long. 10 mm., °.

Kobe, on Maiyason.

This Hros is very similarly coloured to several other

Lycide, both from Japan and from the Malay district,

in being black, with the interstices (at least for a great

part of their length) covered with reddish velvety scales.

It is, however, the first species of Hros which I have

found so coloured, and the scales are brighter crimson

than in any of the allied species, nor do they extend to

the intervals or transverse ridges. The thorax has a dis-

tinct central diamond-shaped areolet. All the five ares

are uneven in their surfaces; the intervals of the raised

interstices have distinct reticulate cells in a double

series; the 2nd and 8rd of the raised interstices unite

before the apex. It isa rather broad and flat species,

and I think will be easily recognised ; at present only a

single female specimen has been found.

Platycis nasutus.

Eros nasutus, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874, p.

255.

Nikko ; Miyanoshita; Oyama; Oyu.

Platycis ig one of the best of the modern divisions of

Eros, Newm., adopted from Thomson, Skand. Col., vi.,

p. 162, by C. Waterhouse. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878,

p- 101, for Eros (Lycus) minutus, F. So far as I know no

other species has yet been referred to it. The present

insect entirely agrees with the generic characters pre-

sented by P. minutus. The areolets in neither, however,

can be said to be well defined. The most striking

genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 403

characteristic is that there are three nearly equal and

squarish pits in front, while behind there are two lateral

ones opening into a very short central groove. The

excavated production of the head in front is very

remarkable. P. nasutus differs from P. minutus in its

more sordid yellow colour; in the thorax not being black

but pitchy, with yellow ridges and margins; and in the

coarser sculpture of the elytra, which are also not

clothed with minute scales. The antenne in P. minutus

have the apex yellow; this is not the case here.

ConpEris, Waterhouse [Ill. Typ. Col. B. M., p. 59.]

The genus Conderis, as proposed by Mr. Waterhouse

for Calopteron signicolle, Kirsch., has the thorax with

four areolets, and a central diamond-shaped groove, and

the antenne simply serrate, but with the apical joints

diminishing in width, in the degree of serration, and

obliquely truncate at their apices. To this type he has

united a species from India, C. major, Waterh., and I

have described a third, C. miniatus, from Sumatra

(‘Notes from the Leyden Museum,’ iv., p. 98, 1882).

The central channel, groove, or fossa increases in dimen-

sions in some nearly-allied genera, which should, I

think, all be placed in the subfamily Hrotides, till it

forms an open lozenge- or diamond-shaped areolet,

whose angles reach the front and hind margins and

sides, or nearly so (Taphes, Pyropterus). The two

Species now described are typical Conderides, having a

small central pit, formed as it were by the divided carina

on the disk of the thorax, and united laterally with the

side margin by a transverse ridge, running a little back,

and faintly sinuous.

Conderis ortentis, n. 8.

Ater, opacus, thoracis carinulis et marginibus parum

nitidis, elytris striga humerali, sutura, margine, et costis

pube purpureo micantibus, antennis maris corporis fere

longitudine ; femine brevioribus. Long. 7;—9 mm.,

oa?

Var. Elytris nigris striga humerali tantum purpurea.

Nara; Fukushima; Oyama.

The rufous appearance of the margins, suture,

shoulder-stripe, and cost is owing to a velvety pile,

404 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s revision of the

which is no doubt easily removed by wear or any friction.

The antenne of the male are more distinctly serrate

from the 3rd to the 8th joints, and are fully one-quarter

longer than those of the female. The latter is the

smallest of three examples of this species found by

Mr. Lewis, and, as the same difference in the antennze

is the case in the next species, it may be generally so

in this genus.

Conderis pictus, n.s. (Pl. XVIL., fig. 4).

Precedentisimillimus, elytris striga humerali, plagaque

subapicali lete carminea. Long. 8—9 mm., 3, 2.

Odaigahara, in Yamato, June 22nd, 1881.

The elytra in this species have an elongate and rather

wide stripe, equal in length to about one-third of the

elytra, of a beautiful crimson-red before the apex,

leaving, however, the entire margin black. Although

from the two examples (which are all Mr. Lewis secured)

I cannot point out any structural or other difference

than that of colour, I feel confident it will prove to be a

distinct species. The larger specimen is a male.

Lyponia quadricollis. (Pl. XVILI., figs. 5, 6).

Celetes quadricollis, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874,

p. 252.

Eros militans, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 258, 2.

Nagasaki; Kobe; Miyanoshita; Subashiri.

Celetes was proposed by Newman for a North American

species, C. basalis, Lec., which may be described as a

Calopteron, with the antenne pectinate in the male.

The present insect, however, has nothing to do with

that type, but is very closely allied to the species for

which Mr. Waterhouse proposes Lyponia (L. debilis,

Waterh., Types of Col., p. 25), and with which it should

clearly be associated. The genus is allied to Plateros

by its thoracic groove, and elytra with ten even rows of

punctures, the alternate cost being sometimes raised.

It differs from it in the pectinate antenne and more

quadrate thorax.

L. quadricollis is readily distinguished by its bright

red elytra and evenly punctured striew; it varies from

8 to 12 mm. in length. It was rather commonly met

with by Mr. Lewis.

genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 405

Eros militans, Kiesenw., according to the type in Mr.

Lewis’ collection, is simply a rather faded female example

of this species.

Lyponia delicatulus.

Eros delicatulus, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874,

p. 254’.

Nagasaki; Yuyama; Oyama; Miyanoshita.

It is rather singular that Herr Kiesenwetter appears

not to have noticed the close affinity between this insect

and L. quadricollis. The thoracic sculpture is the same,

and the most striking difference (apart from its smaller

size and more delicate build) is that the 4th and 6th

interstices are raised, the former running into the

suture near the apex.

Plateros coracinus.

Eros coracinus, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874,

Pp. 257 7:

Nagasaki!; Kobe; Yokohama; Nara; Nikko; Sawara;

Ontaki.

Of this species Mr. Lewis brought home about a dozen

specimens, half of which seem to be of a larger and half of

a smaller form. The larger ones, which are of both

sexes, have the alternate interstices a little more distinct ;

in the smaller ones they are almost evenly raised ; these

are also greyer black, but the difference is altogether too

minute to be specific.

The males have the eyes more globose and prominent ;

the abdomen is clearly of nine segments, the 8th only

appearing ventrally as lobes on each side of the 9th

narrow segment ; the 7th is not emarginate, but all the

plates are pubescent at their margins.

There does not appear to be any very striking generic

difference between these species and New World Plate-

rotes ; yet | think the Eastern Tropical and African forms

might very conveniently be separated under the term

Planeteros (cf. Gorh., Ann. del. Mus. Civ. di St. Nat.

Genova., vol. xviii., 1883).

406 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s revision of the

Plateros purpurwestis, n. 8.

Niger, prothorace brevi, angulis posticis acutis, disco

nitido haud canaliculato vel carinato, inequali; elytris

squamulis purpureis dense vestitis. Antennis serratis.

Long. 6 mm.

Fukushima.

As there is but a single specimen of this it will be

better to merely indicate it here than to give a longer

description. The elytra, which appear of a rich brown

hue from the scales which clothe them, will sufficiently

distinguish it in its genus.

Plateros ? nothus.

Eros nothus, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874, p. 258.

Otsu; Biwa Lake; Nara; Samegai; Kobe.

I should not like to make a genus for this insect

without further acquaintance with the types of some

other Eastern Platerotes and Calochromi, described by

Mr. Waterhouse, but which, owing to the removal of the

collections of the British Museum, I am unable to make

at present. It combines certain characters of both

genera, having a rude obsolete channel on the disk of

the thorax, with a short oblique ridge starting from a

little above the hind angles on each side of the thorax.

The antenne also are unlike those of Plateros, having a

distinct bead-shaped second joint, and those following

not compressed nor serrate, but pubescent; all these

characters indicating a type but little developed, and

highly synthetic.

Seven specimens were taken by Mr. Lewis in 1881.

Plateros ? lineatus, n. 8.

Nigro-fuscus, prothorace brevi disco carinato et per

carinulam transversam sinuatam in areolas quatuor

diviso, elytris quadricostatis, intervallis serie duplici

punctorum, costis (presertim externis) et ad basin brun-

neis, squamosis. Long. 6;—7 mm.

Kashiwagi.

This is again a form unknown to me, but for which I

do not at present think it well to institute a genus. Of

genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 407

two specimens taken by Mr. Lewis, one has rather longer

antenne than the other, and is no doubt the male ; they

are scarcely serrate in either specimen.

It bears a strong resemblance to Hros velatus, but the

thorax is divided into four areolets, something as in

Conderis. The elytra appear firm and rather flat, with

the four coste evenly raised, but the 1st and the 8rd

terminate before the apex.

PRISTOLYCUS, N. g.

Caput oculis mediocribus, antennis quam corpus brevyi-

oribus, leviter serratis, 1l-articulatis. Thorax trans-

versus, antice angustatus, angulis posticis prominulis

subacutis, marginibus parum reflexis, disco obsolete

crebrius punctato, leviter et obsolete canaliculato. Scu-

tellum integrum. Elytra haud reticulata, creberrime

confluenter punctata, costis tribus ante apicem desinenti-

bus. Pedes mediocres, tarsi quinque-articulati, articulo

tertio obconico, quarto subtus longe lamellato.

Pristolycus saqulatus, n.s. (Pl. XVIL., fig. 8).

Niger, subnitidus, prothoracis marginibus antice piceis,

elytris roseo-miniatis, prope suturam infuscatis, margine,

sutura et costis nigris, scutellum nigrum punctulatum.

Bong 10 mm., J?) 2.

Junsai.

- The very remarkable insect for which I propose this

genus has the general appearance of being one of the

Lycide. It presents, however, so many points in which

the structure is divergent from the family that its

position is doubtful. The antenne are closely inserted

on the front of the small head, which is sunk in the

prothorax. The maxillary palpi have their apical joint

cylindrical, and the labial are small, not enlarged at the

apices. The middle coxe are separated only by a narrow

ridge of the mesosternum. The trochanters are small

pieces closely applied to the bases of the femora. Of

the abdomen I cannot speak precisely, the specimens

having shrunk a good deal; they may all be females,

and I can only detect six ventral segments ; at all events

the structure is not dissimilar to that of many female

Lampyride. It is black, with no indication of being

luminous. The prothorax has the hind angles turned

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883,—PART IV. (NOV.) 2H

408 Rey. H. S. Gorham’s revision of the

outwards, a character very unusual in the Lampyride,

but common in the Lycide. Till we can ascertain the

sexes it is hardly possible to say more about this insect.

LAMPYRIDA.

LucIvina, n. g.

Lucidote affinis; antenne compresse, maris leviter

serrate, femine breviores simplices. Ungues (maris)

anteriores basi valde uncinato-dentati, interiores sub-

dentati.

Lucidina accensa, nu. 8s. (Pl. XVIL., figs. 9—9 ¢).

Nigerrima ; prothorace roseo, fusco limbato, vitta

mediana sat lata, ad basin transversim expansa nigra,

abdominis segmentis tribus ventralibus apicalibus cum

pygidiali roseo-diaphanis. Long. 18 mm., 3, 2.

Mas. Unguibus anterioribus basi, dente acuto cur-

vato armatis.

Nara ; Tokio.

Much larger than L. biplagiata, Mots. (vulnerata,

Kies.), and the claws with a much more acute and longer

tooth. The antenne are wider, and the thorax more

vividly coloured. Four specimens.

Lucidina byplagiata.

Lucidina biplagiata, Mots., Bull. Mose., 1., p. 167.

Lucidota vulnerata, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., xviii.,

1874, p. 260.

L. angusticollis, Kiesenw., l.c., p. 261.

Kobe ; Hitoyoshi; Junsai; Nagasaki; Hiogo; Yoko-

hama; Yuyama; Nara; in May and June.

Met with again, but not apparently in great numbers,

by Mr. Lewis. The tooth on the claws of this species

is much less conspicuous than in L. accensa. After

examining the type of L. angusticollis, kindly lent me

by Mr. Lewis, I can only come to the conclusion that it

differs from other males of L. biplagiata through an

extraordinary malformation of the pronotum.

genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 409

Lncidota ? discicollis.

Lucernula discicollis, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 258.

Nagasaki; Kobe; Kashiwagi; Nara.

Neither this nor the following species are typical

Lucidote, being more ovate, and having diaphanous

patches on the thorax in front.

Lucidota ? fumosa, n. 8.

Nigro-fumosa, opaca, prothorace antice angustato

rotundato, areolis duabus translucidis.

Fukushima, and Tsukuba-yama.

Nearly of the same form and characters as L. disci-

collis, but the thorax narrows much more in front, and

has no discal yellow patch.

About six specimens were met with.

[Lucidota tabida, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 259.]

Yokohama.

I examined the type of this, and believe it is only an

immature and discoloured specimen of JL. biplagiata,

and by no means fitted for a type of such a soft insect.

Luciola picticollis.

Luciola picticollis, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 262; Gorh.,

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 102.

L. cruciata, Harold, Deuts. Ent. Zeits., 1877, p. 857

(nec Mots.)

Hakodaté ; Junsai; Samegai.

Most of the specimens are from the last-named place,

taken in July.

Luciola vitticollis.

Luciola vitticollis, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 261; Gorh.,

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 108.

Tokio; Yuyama; Hitoyoshi; Nikko.

This is the larger species, according to Kiesenwetter’s

description, and is one of the finest in the genus. The

thorax is sometimes without the vitta.

It occurred in May.

410 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s revision of the

Luciola parvula.

Luciola parvula, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 263.

This is a small species of the L. indica type, but with

the red thorax partly infuscate, and (with the head)

coarsely punctate ; the elytra are also strongly punctured

and substriate.

There is only one specimen (a male) in Mr. Lewis’

collection now; it is distinct from any other species I have

examined.

Luciola gorham.

Luciola Gorhami, Ritsema, Notes from the Leyden

Museum, v., p. 4 [1882].

L. afinis, Gorham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1880,

p- 101 (nec Ritsema, Tijdschr. v. Ent., xviii.

(1875), p. 129).

L. preusta, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 263; Lewis, Cat.

Col. Jap., p. 17, No. 1206 (nec. Eschscholtz,

Entom. 1. (1822), p. 57).

The differences between this species and what I regard

as L. vespertina, Fab., have been pointed out by me in

the place cited. I have seen no reason to alter my

opinion as to the distinctness of either this or other

forms of the vespertina group ; but great confusion exists

in the synonymy. I cannot yet tell what the type of

L. japonica, Thunb., may prove to be, but the description

(Fab., Mant. i. 162) does not point to this species: ‘‘ L.

flava segmento abdominis antepenultimo nigro. . . Tota

flava, antennis, oculis, alis segmentoque abdominis ante-

penultimo nigris’’; for the insect, of which there is a

single specimen in Mr. Lewis’ collection, is closely allied

to L. vespertina, has the head black, as well as the apex

of the elytra, and has the antepenultimate segment

entirely yellow. Olivier (Ent. 1., No. 28, 19) expressly

says, “‘La téte est d’un jaune fauve, avec la partie

supérieure et les yeux noires.”’ It must be remembered

that all authors are but following Thunberg, who after

all may have been describing a Cape of Good Hope

insect. I propose therefore to omit L. japonica from

the list at present.

[Luciola lateralis, Mots., Schrenk, Reis., 1860, p. 114 ;

Lewis, Cat. Col. Jap., p. 17, No. 1208. Referred to

Dauria, E. Siberia, by Motschulsky. I have not seen it

from Japan.|]

genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 411

EXPLANATION oF PuatE XVII.

Fic. 1. Macrolycus pectinifer, male.

2: A iy female.

3. Mesolycus puniceus.

3a. Claws of hind leg of male.

36. Claws of middle leg of female.

4. Conderis pictus.

. Lyponia quadricollis, male.

: re - female.

. Eros erythropterus.

8. Pristolycus sagulatus.

9. Lucidina accensa.

a, 9b. Claws of ditto, male, showing the outer and inner

claws, middle leg.

9c. Terminal ventral segments of ditto, male.

The details of the claws are magnified about 60 diameters.

( 413 )

XX. First Report on the Rhynchota collected in Japan by

Mr. George Lewis. By W. L. Distant.

[Read November 7th, 1883.]

PuatTEs XIX, XX.

Or the extensive and interesting collection of Rhynchota

made by Mr. Lewis, the present paper deals with the

families Pentatomide, Coreide, Lygeide, and Pyrrho-

coride, with a few supplementary descriptions of species

belonging to the Reduviide. The first four families

alone are, however, now enumerated, the identification

of the remaining Heteroptera and the small collection of

Homoptera being reserved for a second paper. The

present enumeration comprises 109 species, of which 383

are described as new; and three new genera are also

proposed. ‘The supplementary or anticipatory descrip-

tions of Reduviide refer to four species, thus making a

total of 87 presumed novelties.

The present material supports the conclusion that

the Japanese subregion of the great Palearctic region

possesses but few European or Siberian species, and,

what was much less expected, that those from the

Amur are also, as a rule, distinct. Thus I formerly

received a species of the genus T'ropicoris from Japan,

which seemed so to agree with the description of the

Amurian T’. metallifer, Motsch., that I had little doubt

as to its identity. On subsequently receiving the true

species from the Amur, I found that the Japanese speci-

mens were alike in colour and size, but strikingly

distinct in the structural character of the pronotal

angles. Mr. Scott, who dealt with the former collection

made by Mr. Lewis, also enumerated the common

European species Gastrodes* ferrugineus, but in the

same year the late Dr. Stal—who was no specific splitter

—described the Japanese insect as a distinct species.

The European species which I have found in these

families are—

* The generic name Platygaster, as used by both Scott and Stal,

is preoccupied in Hymenoptera; I have therefore followed Dr.

Puton in substituting that of Gastrodes of Westwood.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—pParT Iv. (NOV.)

414 Mr. W. L. Distant’s jirst report on the

Eurygaster maurus. Tropicoris rujipes.

Zicrona caerulea. Corizus maculatus.

Carpocoris nigricornis. » crassicornis.

Dolycoris verbasci. Lygeus equestris.

Rubiconia intermedia.

These are all familiar names of abundant species, and

the inference which I thereby assume is, that when

European species are found in Japan they are those

which are widely distributed throughout the Palearctic

region. Another very noticeable and peculiar character

in such species—and one that has been already pointed

out by the specialists in other orders—is in the large

size they attain in Japan, Carpocoris nigricornis and

Tropicoris rufipes being particularly developed in that

respect, and the same statural increase is also evident

in widely distributed species of the Oriental region when

found in Japan, as is strikingly shown by Plautia

Jinbriata.

As regards the Oriental affinities of the Japanese

Rhynchotal fauna much greater difficulty exists in form-

ing an opinion, owing to the imperfection of the little-

worked Oriental specific record. When the species of

that region are even approximately enumerated, some of

these now first described from Japan will doubtless be

found to have a far wider range of habitat, and there-

fore it would be unscientific and misleading to speak of

any of the species here described as endemic till we

know more of the surrounding Rhynchotal faunas.

It is clear, however, that the Oriental species found in

Japan are very considerable, and the conclusion derived

from these imperfect data is that, as might reasonably

have been predicted, the Rhynchotal fauna of Japan has

been largely derived from Palearctic elements derived

from and by the north, and from Oriental species which

have evidently and necessarily entered by the south.

The following is an enumeration of the species be-

longing to the families to which this paper principally

refers :—

PENTATOMIDA.

PLATASPINA.

Coptosoma cribraria, Fabr., var. .. Yokohama, Nagasaki.

-: biguttula, Motsch. .. Nagasaki.

CYDNINA.

Cydnus nigritus, Fabr. as .. Yokohama, Sendai.

Geotomus punctulatus, Costa, var. .. Yokohama, Nagasaki, Hitoyoshi.

Rhynchota collected in Japan.

Macroscytus javanus, Mayr ..

Chilocoris nitidus,Mayr ..

Canthophorus triguttatus, Scott

415

Hakodaté, Kashiwagi, Kurigahara.

Kobé.

Kumamoto, Ichiuchi.

3 niveimarginatus, Scott. Nagasaki, Hiogo, Seba.

6 variegatus, D. 8. Sapporo.

SCUTELLERINA.

Pecilochroma lewisi, n. s.

Eurygaster maurus, Linn.

Yokohama, Nikk6, Kashiwagi.

Nikk6, Seba.

ASOPINAL.

Zicrona cerulea, Linn.

Yokohama, Shichinohe.

Neocazira confragosa, nu. g. and Ss. Suyama.

Picromerus lewisi, Scott. Hakodaté, Fukushima.

i similis, n.s. Hakodate.

Neoglypsus viridicatus, Dist. Chiuzenji.

PENTATOMINA.

Bolbocoris reticulatus, Dall. ..

Graphosoma lineata, Linn.

Scotinophora lurida, Burm. ..

eS scottii, Hory.

hor vathi, Thai Sare

Erthesina fullo, Thunb.

Laprius gastricus, Thunb.

Anaria lewisi, Scott ..

>» assimulans, 0D. Ss.

Halyomorpha picus, Fabr.

Palomena angulosa, Motsch.

Rubiconia intermedia, Wolft.

Carpocoris nigricornis, Fabr.

Dolycoris verbasci, DeGeer. ..

Ablia fieberi, Scott.

Sepontia @nea, 0.8. .. a SE

Stollia guttigera, Thunb. .. be

SP LCIRUSUeeTls) San aes é

Carbula humerigera, Uhler. .

Eurydema rugosa, Motsch.

Alcimus borealis, 0. 8.

Parastrachia fulgens,

Nezara antennata, Scott.

dula, Linn., var. ? x 5

Plautia fimbriata, Fabr. ee ac

Menida violacea, Motsch.

g. and S:

N. viri-

Kobé, Shimonosuwa, Wada togé.

Hakodate.

Yokohama, Nagasaki.

Konosé, Osaka, Fusan.

Yokohama.

Nagasaki.

Yokohama, Hiogo.

Nagasaki.

Nikké, Yokohama, Nagasaki, Ogura

Lake, Kashiwagi.

Hakodaté, Fukushima, Kashiwagi,

Yagohara.

Fukushima.

Hakodaté, Yagohara.

Hakodate, through Nara.

Tokio, Kobé, Shimonosuwa.

Kumamoto, Yuyama.

Yokohama, Nagasaki.

Awomori, Niigata, Urasa and Seki.

Kashiwagi, Kobe.

Hakodaté, Fukushima.

Nara.

Yokohama, Konosé.

Kumamoto, Kioto.

Nagasaki, Ichiuchi.

Fukushima, Yagohara, Shimono-

suwa, Niigata.

5 japonica, n.s. Nagasaki.

Piezodorus rubro-fasciatus, Fabr. Yokohama.

Tropicoris rufipes, Linn. .. Hakodaté, Buno.

i japonicus, Dist. .. .. Hakodate.

Compastes obtusa, Walk. .. .. Hiogo.

ACANTHOSOMINA:.

Acanthosoma distincta, Dall.

Sastragala scutellata, Scott. ..

Yokohama, Nikké, Hakodaté,

Fukushima.

Hiogo.

416 Mr. W. L. Distant’s jirst report on the

Clinocoris nubilus, Dall.

a putoni, Scott.

. signoreti, Scott.

+ gramineus, 0.8. .«.

Urochela luteovaria, Dist.

Urostylis striicornis, Scott. ..

Yokohama, Bukenji, Oyama.

Yokohama, Kobé.

Horobetsu.

Chiuzenji,

Fukushima, Tagami, Seba.

Hakodaté, Fukushima.

DINIDORINZ.

Megymenum tauriformis, n. s.

.. Kashiwagi, Nara.

PHYLLOCEPHALIN.

Gonopsis afinis, Uhler.

Prionolomia fuliginosa, Uhler.

Yokohama, Hakodaté, Nagasaki.

COREIDA.

COREINA.

Nikk6, Chiuzenji, Hakodaté, Seba, °

Kurigahara.

Homeocerus unipunctatus, Thunb... Nagasaki.

ne sp. undeterm. ..

Pachycephalus opacus, Uhler.

Acanthocoris sordidus, Thunb.

Cletus rusticus, Stal. ..

Megalotomus costalis, Stal.

Riptortus clavatus, Thunb. ..

Paralepsius unicolor, Scott. ..

Yokohama, Nagasaki.

Yokohama, Nagasaki, Mayebashi.

Yokohama, Nikké, Nagasaki.

Tagami.

Hitoyoshi, Kioto.

Nikk6é, Kobé.

CORIZIN A.

Corizus maculatus, Fieb. Nagasaki.

» crassicornis, Linn. Yokohama.

LYGAIDA.

LYGAINA.

Melanospilus elegans, n.3s. Niigata.

Lygeus equestris, Linn. Junsai, Nagasaki.

Arocatus sericans, Stal. Kumamoto.

a melanostoma, Scott. Kiga, Nagasaki.

Nysius plebeius, n. 8. .. Yokohama.

» expressus, N. 8. Niigata.

CYMIN A.

Ischnorhynchus nubilus, n. s. -- Yokohama.

Cymus aurescens, N.S. Chiuzenji.

BLISSINA.

Ischnodemus spinicaput, Scott. Yokohama.

" obnubilus, n. 8... Yokohama.

Chauliops fallax, Scott.

Blissus pallipes, n.s...

» vicoloripes, n.s.

Nagasaki, Seba.

Yokohama, Niigata.

Yokohama, Nagasaki.

GEOCORINAE.

Geocoris varius, Uhler.

» proteus, n.s. ee

-- Yokohama.

-. Yokohama, Nagasaki, Otsu,

Niigata.

ba ite mins taclilinsl

UE ee

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 417

PACHYGRONTHINA

Pachygrontha antennata, Uhler. .. Yokohama, :Nagasaki, Hitoyoshi,

Kobé.

MYODOCHIN#. .

Prosomeus brunneus, Scott. .. Kobé.

Pamera ejuncida, n. s. Ke Nagasaki.

» exigua,n.s... Nagasaki. ;

7 ugund, 1. s. 2. A Kumamoto, Hosokuteé.

1 erubescens, n. 8. Ar Yokohama.

» hemiptera, Scott. .. Yokohama, Shibukawa.

» lateralis, Scott. HS Yokohama, Nagasaki.

» rustica, Scott. Nagasaki,

» festiva,n.s. . Sanjo.

», pallicornis, Dall. Nagasaki.

», albomarginata, Scott. Kashiwagi.

Plociomera japonica, n. 8. Nagasaki.

Lasiosomus pallipes, Scott.

Pachymerus japonicus, Stal.

Tropistethus antennatus, Scott.

Dieuches abbreviatus, Scott.

ee dissimilis, n. 8.

Yokohama, Nagasaki.

Yokohama, Nagasaki, Wada togé.

Nagasaki.

Yokohama, Nagasaki.

Hakodaté, Ono.

Paradieuches lewisi, n. g. and s. Yokohama.

Peantius lineatus, Stal. oc Nagasaki.

Gastrodes japonicus, Stal. .. Nagasaki.

Letheus lewisi, n.s. .. Nagasaki.

Drymus marginatus, n.s. .. .. Ichiuchi.

Lamproplax membraneus, ni. s. -. Yokohama, Nikké, Nagasaki.

an » var. pallescens. Nagasaki.

PYRROCORIDA.

LARGINA.

Physopelta gutta, Burm. Ichiuchi, Hitoyoshi.

PYRRHOCORINA.

Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Kobé,

Tagami.

Pyrrhocoris tibialis, Stal.

Coptosoma cribraria, Faby.

There appears to be a distinct race of this species in

Japan. The typical Fabrician form is wide-ranging,

and I have received it from Continental India, Malacca,

and Formosa. In these habitats it does not vary, but

possesses the usual pale colour, as is well shown in Her-

rich-Schaffer’s figure. In Japan, however, it is constantly

darker in hue, and on the average larger in size; the last

a character, however, of little moment, and of frequent

occurrence with other Japanese examples of common

Palearctic and Oriental species.’

418 My. W. L. Distant’s first report on the

Geotomus punctulatus, Costa, var.

Cydnus punctulatus, Costa, 2° Cent. Napol. (1847), 30,

8, pl. 5, f. 11; Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1883,

p. 54, 25, Cyd., pl. xix., f. 164.

Dr. Signoret, to whom I submitted this species, re-

turned it with the following remarks :—‘‘ Geotomus trés

voisin du punctulatus, Costa, de ’EHurope; en differe par

un seul poil sur le rebord de la téte prés des yeux, par

Vabsence de point piligére sur le coté des élytres, par le

radiale n’atteignant pas l’extremité de la corie —du

reste, méme forme et méme canal ostiolaire, voir fig. 160

Sign., planche 18 des Cydnides, ce qui le rapproche de

pygmeus, Dall., fig. 160, et Lethierryi, fig. 159. Seule-

ment le votre est plus obése ; revoir avec le type pygmeus,

Dall., qui me semble plus étroit, et en faire une espece

nouvelle, si vous les trouvez assez différent.”’

Having submitted all the Cydnine which were at all

doubtful to Dr. Signoret, who has recently made a pro-

found and critical study of this subfamily, I here add his

description of the following new species :—

Canthophorus variegatus, Sign.

‘Long. 5 mill.; larg. 3 m. fort. Coll. Distant.

‘Ovalaire, d’un brun noir métallique, ponctué. Les

bords latéraux du prothorax, le rostre en partie, le second

article des antennes, les élytres en grand partie, surtout

le coté externe et le cubitus, le pourtour de l’extrémite

de l’écusson, les tibias moins le sommet, le sommet et

la base de chaque segment ventral, 3 taches sur les

cotés de l’abdomen, d’un jaune brun.

‘‘La majeure partie des élytres est d’un jaune brun,

avec deux macules noiratres, une a la base de la corie entre

le radiale et le cubitale, l’autre plus grande, au sommet,

laquelle s’étend aussi sur l’espace marginal. Téte

échancrée, le lobe médian plus court que les latéraux qui

le dépassent, mais sans le réunir au-de-la ; ceux-ci légére-

ment réfléchis ; antennes avec le second article beaucoup

plus court que le 8e, celui-ci trois fois plus long. Rostre

atteignant les trochanters intermédiaires. Membrane

brune, ne dépassant pas l’abdomen, avec des fortes ner-

vures sinueuses. Poitrine ponctuée. Plaques mattes,

grandes, ponctuées, et legerement striées. Canal ostiolaire

sans ouverture visible, et occupant les } transverses du

métasternum. Abdomen brun métallique, varié de plus

clair, surtout a la base et au sommet de chaque segment.

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 419

“Cette espéce ne peut étre confondue avec aucune

autre ; en taille elle se rapproche du Tritomegas bicolor,

en couleur du Crocistethus Waltlii; mais par le canal

ostiolaire sans ouverture ou fissure elle se distingue de

tous les Sehirides.

*“ Hab. Sapporo.”

Peecilochroma lewisi, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 1).

&. Above bright emerald-green, thickly and darkly

punctate, and with the following red markings: pronotum

with the posterior margin continued in an arcuate

discal fascia and connected with a central longitudinal

fascia; scutellum with two central basal <-shaped

fascie, two discal oblique fasciz# angularly connected at

centre (the connection sometimes imperfect) and with a

transverse subapical fascia, which is lineately widened

at centre and continued along the apical margin. Body

beneath with the head and sternum bright emerald-green ;

posterior margin of prosternum—broadly at angles—

ochraceous ; posterior margin of mesosternum, and whole

area of odoriferous apertures, opaque silky fuscous ; abdo-

men ochraceous, with a broad central and outwardly angu-

late greenish-black fascia; the anal appendage and a

marginal segmental row of large pyriform spots of the

same colour; legs and rostrum bright emerald-green.

Antenne black, finely pilose; 3rd, 4th, and 5th joints

subequal in length ; eyes more or less ochraceous, ocelli

red. Besides the punctuation above, there is also a more

or less irregularly distributed dark carinate reticulation.

@. Larger and broader than the male; markings

above similar, beneath with the legs ochraceous; lateral

margins of the head, bases of acetabula, some lateral

suffusions on sternum, upper apices of femora, and the

tibia, more or less bright and pale shining greenish;

anal appendage, a lateral row of segmental spots and a

few central basal spots to abdomen, and apical portion

of the rostrum, very dark greenish black. ¢, long.

16 mm.; exp. lat. angl. pronot., 10 mm. 2, long.

19 mm.; exp. lat. angl. pronot., 113 mm.

Hab. Nikko, Kashiwagi, Chiuzenji, Yokohama.

This species is nearest allied to the North-east Indian

P. wnterrupta, Hope.

420 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the

NEOCAZIRA, Ni. g.

Head long and obliquely deflexed, lateral lobes slightly

longer than the central, rugose, with two central short

obtuse conical spines. Pronotum rugose, with two discal

obtuse conical spines, a shorter spine near centre of

lateral margins, and the lateral angles prominently but

obtusely spinous. Scutellum broad, deeply and concavely

sinuate near base, and then convexly widened and dilated

to apex, which is rounded and almost reaches the ab-

dominal apex; gibbous and obtusely crenulate at base,

with a raised tubercle at centre, the apical portion

deflexed, and the apical margin obtusely crenulate.

Connexivum obtusely crenulate. Anterior femora in-

crassated, crenulate, and armed with some prominent

spines on under surface ; anterior tibie broadly and con-

cavely dilated, and armed near anterior margin with a

distinct but somewhat obtuse spine; intermediate and

posterior femora crenulate, armed with a prominent

spine beneath near apex.

This genus is allied to Cazira, from which it is sepa-

rated by the broader, longer, and posteriorly deflexed

scutellum, &c.

Neocazira confragosa, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 2).

Blackish, more or less covered with greyish pile. An-

tenne dark castaneous, the apical joint ochraceous, with

its base castaneous, 2nd joint a little shorter than the

3rd, 38rd and 4th sxbequal in length, the 4th and 5th

distinctly incrassated. Head thickly covered with greyish

pile; the eyes dark fuscous. Pronotum less pilose at

centre, where there is a central longitudinal posteriorly

widened darker area; all the spines darker, and particu-

larly rugulose at base. Scutellum with the central

longitudinal area somewhat non-pilose and darker, the

raised central tubercle pale castaneous, behind which

the deflexed area is fuscous. Corium somewhat thickly

and palely pilose. Membrane fuscous. Anterior legs

dark fuscous, some of the tubercles on the femora and

tibiz being obscure castaneous, the apices of the tarsal

joints ochraceous. Intermediate and posterior femora

dark fuscous, spotted with ochraceous, especially towards

the apex; tibie dark fuscous, their apical halves ochra-

ceous, more or less tinged with castaneous; tarsi fuscous,

the bases of the 1st joint and apices of the 2nd and 8rd

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 421

luteous. Body beneath (carded specimen) greyish ochra-

ceous, mottled with fuscous, with an abdominal marginal

series of fuscous spots. Long. 6} mm.; exp. pronot.

angl., 44 mm.

Hab. Yuyama.

Picromerus similis, ni. 8.

In colour, markings, and general appearance almost

undistinguishable from P. lewisi, Scott, but structurally

differing from that species by the lateral angles of the

pronotum, which are less produced, more obtusely

pointed, and distinctly curved backward at their apices,

where they are slightly castaneous. Long. 12 mm.;

exp. pronot. angl. 8 mm.

Hab. Hakodate.

Graphosoma lineata, Linn.

The varietal form G. nigrolineata, Rossi, was alone

brought home by Mr. Lewis, although the form G. rubro-

lineata, Hope, is also found in Japan.

Scotinophora horvathi, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 3).

Scotinophora vermiculata,- Horv. (nec Vollenh.), Term.

fuzetek., ili., p. 1438, n. 12 (1879).

Differs from S. vermiculata, Voll. (an Indo-Malayan

species), by the lateral lobes of the head being distinctly

longer than the central, and thus causing a strongly cleft

excavation at the apex of the head; the anterior angles

of the pronotum are very long and robust, curved and

directed forwards, their apices truncate, but armed with

three small spines; antenne black, the base of the Ist

joint luteous. Long. 9 mm.; greatest abdom. width,

6 mm.

Hab. Yokohama.

AEnaria assimulans, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 4).

Closely allied to A’. lewisi, but more ochraceous in

hue; antenne with the 4th and 5th joints black, their

apices luteous; pronotum with two small black spots on

disk a little before anterior margin; scutellum with two

small central black spots at base, and with two obscure

lateral spots near apex.

429, Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the

This species structurally differs from 47. lewisi in the

following respects :—The anterior angles of the pronotum

are more truncate and acute, and less rounded ; the base

of the pronotum is not truncate, but slightly though dis-

tinctly concave ; and the scutellum is very different, the

lateral margins being concavely narrowed nearly to the

apex, and not abruptly sinuate a little beyond the middle,

as in Scott’s species. Long. 12—13 mm.

Hab. Nagasaki.

Palomena angulosa.

Cimex angulosus, Motsch., Etud., 10, p. 23 (1861).

This species varies from green—the prevalent and

normal colour—to luteous above, thus approaching to

P. rubricornis, Scott; a species not contained in the col-

lection, and which, judging from the description and the

absence of any “‘ differentia specifica,” appears to have

been separated by the red antenne.

Sepontia @nea, ni. s.

Above, dark bronzy-green; anterior and lateral margins

of the pronotum and three well separated spots at base

of scutellum (the central largest), bright luteous; basal

disk of pronotum and some discal suffusions to scutellum

ochraceous: antenne ochraceous, 4th and 5th joints

darker, sometimes pitchy ; eyes brownish; body beneath

bronzy-green; lateral margins of sternum (widest at

prosternum), and an abdominal marginal segmental

row of spots (sometimes extending to sternum), luteous ;

legs ochraceous ; the femora, and a basal and subapical

annulation to tibiz, bronzy-green. The head and pro-

notum are very thickly and coarsely punctate, the scu-

tellum somewhat more finely punctate, especially near the

base. Antenne with the 2nd joint slightly shorter than

the third, 4th longer than the 3rd, but shorter than the

5th. The body beneath is thickly and coarsely punctate.

Long. 33—4 mm. ; lat. 3—3} mm.

Hab. Yuyama, Kumamoto.

This interesting genus was founded by Stal to contain

two species, one from South Africa, the other received

from Java and the Philippines; trom the last the

Japanese species is very distinct, both in colour and

also by the relative lengths of the 2nd and 8rd joints of

the antenne.

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 423

Stollia lewisi, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 6).

Luteous, coarsely and darkly punctate. Head shining

purplish-black, rugosely punctate; antenne luteous, the

5th joint, excluding base, and apical half or two-thirds of

the 4th, black. Pronotum with the lateral angles very

prominent, subacute and black, their apices somewhat

recurved and their bases obtusely notched behind, the

lateral and anterior margins luteous and glabrous, the

whole surface coarsely covered with black punctures,

and with two foveate black spots near anterior margin.

Scutellum not reaching the apex of corium, covered with

coarse black punctures, the basal angles blackish and

containing a large glabrous, raised, luteous spot, the

apex with a central and two lateral small black spots.

Corium coarsely black-punctate ; membrane fuscous, the

apical margin paler. Body beneath as above, the disk

of the abdomen blackish, and its lateral margins nar-

rowly luteous and glabrous, broken with black at the

segmental incisures. Legs luteous, faintly spotted with

black, the femora more distinctly spotted, apices of the

tarsi black. Long. 6 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 5 mm.

Hab. Awomori, Urasa and Seki, Niigata.

The acutely produced lateral angles of the pronotum

give this species anything but a congeneric appearance,

compared with other species of the genus Stollia, and

rather superficially allies it with Carbula, from which

the broad scutellum will at once separate it.

Alcimus borealis, n.s.

Luteous, thickly covered with coarse dark brown or

blackish punctures. Head greenish black, coarsely

punctate, with a small central spot near base, an oblique

spot at inner margin of each eye, and two frontal longi-

tudinal fascie on inner margin of lateral lobes, luteous.

Antenne black, the 1st joint testaceous, 3rd joint slightly

longest. Pronotum with the anterior margin, a cruciform

spot behind centre of same, and the anterior portion of

lateral margins in front of pronotal processes, luteous

and levigate; the anterior space between the luteous

margins and the apices of the pronotal angular processes

greenish black, the last being notched above, and then

acutely produced and slightly directed backwards. Scu-

tellum with a somewhat large levigate luteous spot near

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—pPaRT Iv. (Nov.) 21

424 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the

each basal angle. Corium with a narrow oblique casta-

neous stripe near centre. Membrane fuscous. Body be-

neath (imperfectly examined owing to the specimen being

carded) dark brownish and punctate, much irrorated with

luteous markings, generally levigate, of which the most

prominent are some central spots on sternum, two large

contiguous spots on lateral margins of prosternum, and

the central base of same, two transverse lineate spots on

each side of mesosternum, an oblong submarginal spot,

and two narrow marginal spots to metasternum with base

of same, lateral margins of abdomen broken at incisures,

and anterior and posterior segmental margins. Femora

dark shining fuscous, their apices luteous ; tibie luteous,

striped with fuscous; tarsi black. ‘Long. 8 mm.; exp.

pronot. angular apices, 8 mm.; lat. at base of corium,

4+ mm.

Hab. Nara.

This species is allied to A. coronatus, Stal, which was

received from the Deccan, but differs from the descrip-

tion of that species by the colour of the antenne, femora

and lateral margins of the pronotum, the longitudinal

fasciee in front of the head, and also by its relative size,

which in Stal’s species, though agreeing in length, has a

greater expanse at pronotal angles, and also an increased

breadth of body. From A. japonicus, Scott, it differs by

the luteous markings of the head and pronotum, &c.

PARASTRACHIA, N. g.

Body elongate and ovate ; head large, the lateral lobes

longer than the central, not meeting in front, the lateral

margins slightly amphated and very strongly reflexed ;

antenne with the basal joint passing the apex of the

head; pronotum with the lateral margins reflexed, the

anterior lateral margins ampliated, the anterior angles

subacute, the posterior angles somewhat broadly rounded

and subprominent; scutellum long, the lateral margins

almost straight, the apex attenuated, the basal portion

moderately gibbous, from which a central, longitudinal

robust carination extends to near apex; corium with the

lateral margins moderately convex; membrane passing

the apex of the abdomen ; rostrum passing the posterior

cox ; abdomen with a prominent central longitudinal

ridge, but without a basal spine.

Rhynchota collected in J. apan. 425

The position of this genus is somewhere between the

genera Strachia and Catacanthus, with both of which it

has affinities.

Parastrachia fulgens, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 5).

Body above red; antennex, eyes, base of head, centre

of anterior margin and a large transverse discal spot to

pronotum, scutellum, clavus, a large rounded discal spot

to corium and membrane, black; apical margins, a

central linear apical line and the apex of scutellum, and

apex of clavus, red; apical margins of membrane pale

fuscous or reddish; body beneath red; rostrum, legs,

disk of sternum, large submarginal segmental spots and

anal appendage to abdomen, black; the 2nd and 8rd

joints of the antenne are subequal in length, the 4th

slightly longer than the 5th; the pronotum is somewhat

obscurely punctate ; the scutellum has the central base

levigate, the basal lateral margins transversely striate,

and the apical half distinctly punctate; corium thickly

and somewhat coarsely punctate; tibie very strongly

setose. Long. 16—18 mm.

Hab. Konosé, Yokohama.

Plautia fimbriata.

Cimex fimbriatus, Fabr., Mant., 2, p. 295, 162 (1787).

Plautia Stali, Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4,

vol. 14, p. 11 (1874).

I quite agree with Horvath in considering Japanese

Specimens as conspecific with P. fimbriata, and can find

no character sufficient to separate P. Stali. Japanese

specimens are generally of a larger size, but this is quite

a usual character with the Japanese examples of some of

the common Palearctic species.

Menida japonica, n. 8s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 7).

Pale obscure luteous, coarsely and darkly punctate ;

head greenish black, very thickly and coarsely punctate,

with some obscure luteous lines on the ante-ocular area;

antenne dark fuscous, the 2nd joint and the bases of the

remaining joints dull ochraceous; pronotum with the

lateral and anterior margins narrowly luteous and gla-

brous, the lateral angles rounded and subprominent, the

whole area coarsely and darkly punctate, the anterior

426 My. W. L. Distant’s jirst report on the

half with about seven black spots, two central and

foveate near anterior margin, and five across disk (these

last spots are inconstant in number), and a black spot

at lateral angles; scutellum more sparingly and darkly

punctate, a small black patch at basal angles containing

a raised glabrous spot, two central black spots on anterior

half (sometimes partly united) and two lateral black

spots near apex, which is somewhat impunctate ; corium

coarsely and darkly punctate; membrane fuscous, the

apical half pale hyaline ; connexivum luteous, with black

spots at the segmental incisures ; body beneath luteous,

punctured with black; legs luteous, apices of the femora,

bases and apices of tibie, and tarsi (excluding base),

blackish ; the anterior angles of the pronotum are ob-

tusely pointed; the 2nd and 8rd joints of the antenne

are subequal in length and a little shorter than the 4th

and 5th, which are also subequal. Long. 83 mm.; exp.

pronot. angl. 5 mm. ;

Hab. Nagasaki.

Clinocoris gramineus, n. 8. (Pl. XIX., fig. 8).

Bright yellowish green; head, anterior area of pro-

notum and scutellum, pale ochraceous; head sparingly

and coarsely punctate; antennz with the basal joint

ochraceous, the 2nd and 8rd fuscous, 4th and 5th black,

with their bases narrowly ochraceous, 2nd joint a little

shorter than the 3rd, 4th a little longer than the 5th ;

pronotum coarsely and darkly punctate, the lateral

angles produced into long, slightly raised and recurved,

shining black spines, which have a distinct central

carination ; scutellum coarsely and darkly punctate, the

apex impunctate; corium thickly and coarsely punctate,

somewhat paler at base; membrane fuscous, exhibiting

a distinct broad central dark fascia ; body beneath and

legs ochraceous; rostrum with the apex pitchy, and

reaching the base of the abdominal spine, which just

extends beyond the intermediate coxe ; mesosternal pro-

cess reaching or just passing the anterior coxe; the

body beneath is impunctate, with the exception of a

series of coarse black punctures along the anterior mar-

gin of the prosternum. Long. 10—12 mm.; exp. pronot.

angl. 74—8 mm.

Hab. Chiuzenji.

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 427

Urostylis striicornis, Scott.

Taking the species to be represented by a portion of

the diagnosis, viz., 1st joint of the antenne with a fuscous

streak exteriorly, the colour certainly varies from ochra-

ceous to greenish. I consider the species to be variable

within the limits of the superficial characters given for the

three described forms, U. striicornis, U. annulicornis, and

U. westwoodti, Scott. The describer, however, states that

he has found structural characters in the genital segments

to separate his species; and though not questioning his

decision, as I have not the material for verification, Iam

still dubious whether dried specimens afford sufficient

material for separating species on the character of the

last genital segment having ‘‘an external spoon-shaped

process,” as compared with being ‘broad, flat, slightly

dilated at the apex,” or on the contrary ‘‘ aculeate,”

especially when the species are practically indistinguish-

able in other respects.

Megymenum tauriformis, n. 8.

Very dark fuscous, with bronzy reflections; antennze

with the 2nd and 8rd joints non-dilated, but somewhat

flattened and channelled, the 8rd and 4th about equal in

length, the last reddish ochraceous, with the base fus-

cous ; head with two distinct conical spines on the lateral

margins a little in front of the eyes, the posterior spine

minute; pronotum with an anteriorly produced conically

dentate angulation on the anterior lateral margins at a

little distance from the eyes, lateral margins truncate,

with a short central spine, their anterior angles truncate,

their posterior angles rounded, the disk uneven and

crenulate, with a distinct rounded callosity near centre

of anterior margin; scutellum of ordinary structure, and

as in M. subpurpurascens, Hope; membrane pale obscure

ochraceous, the whole disk darker and sometimes fuscous;

margins of the abdomen broadly and obtusely dentate ;

legs concolorous, tarsi somewhat castaneous. Long.

133—15 mm. ; greatest pronot. exp. 7—72 mm.

Hab. Kashiwagi, Nara.

The structural characters of the non-dilated 2nd and 3rd

joints of the antenne, with the 8rd and 4th joints of equal

length, assign to this species a position in the subgenus

Pissistes, Stal; whilst the curved and anteriorly directed

428 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the

spines near the anterior angles of the pronotum render

it very distinct.

Dr. Horvath, in his paper previously referred to, has

enumerated the Megymenum spinosum, Burm., amongst

his Japanese identifications, a course in which he was

subsequently followed by Mr. Scott.

The above species is very distinct from M. spinosum,

being in fact divided by subgeneric characters; and is the

only one now brought home by Mr. Lewis.

Melanospilus elegans, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 9).

Pale reddish ; head, antenne, two large central spots

to pronotum, which are narrowed anteriorly and almost

attain to the anterior and posterior margins, scutellum,

clavus (excluding apex), a large irregular discal spot to

corium, which outwardly does not reach the costal

margin, membrane (excluding basal angle and apical

margin), head beneath (excluding central line), a lateral

spot to prosternum, anterior area of mesosternum, which

is macular at lateral margin, lateral margins of meta-

sternum, central lateral spots to abdomen, abdominal

apex, coxe, legs, and rostrum, black; basal angle and

apical margins of membrane whitish. The head, an-

tenne, and legs are finely pilose, the central carinations

of the pronotum and scutellum are very pronounced,

and the corium is sinepes concayvely sinuate at base.

Long. 9—10 mm.

Hab. Niigata.

This species differs from the description of L. cruciger,

Motsch., by the colour of the scutellum, the absence of

the spots described as “‘hemelytrorum quatuor cruci-

forme dispositis,” by the presence of the central spots

to the abdomen, &c. It is distinguished from M. fimbri-

atus, Dall., by the colour of the head, the apex of the

clavus, and the abdomen beneath. .

In his List of the Japanese Rhynchota, Mr. Scott

(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. xiv. (1874)),

includes in the family Lygeide a ‘‘ Melanocephalus

cruciger, Motsch.,” and in the family Pyrrhocoride

a ‘‘ Melanospilus cruciger, Motsch.” ‘The first of these

generic names must evidently be a misprint, whilst

the second as clearly belongs to the Lyg@ide, and

both evidently refer to the same species described by

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 429

Motschulsky as L. cruciger from the Amur. I doubt very

much whether this species occurs in Japan, and incline

to the opinion that the species here described is the one

to which Mr. Scott’s reference was made.

Nysius plebeius, n.s.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum, pitchy ochraceous,

very coarsely punctate ; head with the apex and central

base distinctly paler ; antenne ochraceous, apices of Ist

and 2nd joints infuscated, 2nd joint largest, 3rd and 4th

subequal in length; eyes pale fuscous ; pronotum with

a central carinate line, a central spot at base and lateral

angles paler, the last preceded by darker coloration, a

faint transverse dark constriction before middle; scu-

tellum with a distinct central dark carination, the basal

margin also excavated and darker; corium very pale

and semitransparent ochraceous, with two linear discal

longitudinal series of spots, apex and a central spot on

apical margin, and a few irregular spots on apical half

of clavus, brownish ; membrane pale hyaline, slightly

tinged with ochraceous on disk; body beneath pitchy ;

posterior margins of pro-, meso-, and metasternums,

coxe, and legs, ochraceous ; femora spotted with fuscous ;

apical joint of tarsi and the rostrum fuscous. Long.

4 mm.

Hab. Yokohama.

Nysius expressus, ni. 8.

Ochraceous; head with the eyes and a somewhat

oblique fascia on each side extending from about base of

antenne to base of head, fuscous; antenne brownish

ochraceous ; pronotum with two narrow transverse black

constrictions near anterior margin, each connected

therewith by two fuscous fasciz ; remaining portion with,

a few scattered dark punctures, with a central pale

levigate line and the lateral angles brownish ; scutellum

fuscous and coarsely punctate ; corium with two linear

brown spots on apical margin, one at apex and the other

about centre; membrane pale hyaline, through’ which

the dark abdomen beneath is reflected ; body beneath

ochraceous, submarginal fascie to sternum and abdomen

broadly fuscous, the last inwardly containing a series of

small pale spots, and the former a large pale spot at

metasternum, base of abdomen fuscous (owing to the

430 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the

typical and unique specimen being carded, I am unable

to fully describe the under surface of the body) ; coxe

and legs ochraceous; femora suffused and spotted with

brownish ; apices of the tibie, bases of the intermediate

and posterior tibie, and apices of the tarsal joints, fus-

cous ; antenne with the 2nd joint longest, the 38rd and

4th subequal in length. Long. 4 mm.

Hab. Niigata.

Ischnorhynchus nubilus, n. s.

Head black, finely pilose; eyes and a basal spot

brownish ; antenne black, the 2nd joint annulated with

brownish near centre, and apex of 4th joint narrowly

of the same colour; pronotum brownish ochraceous,

sparingly but coarsely punctate, with an impressed

transverse black fascia near anterior margin, and with

some clusters of dark punctures forming four irregular

brownish spots on posterior margin; posterior angles

narrowly of the same colour; scutellum black, more or

less covered with greyish pile, coarsely punctate, with a

central brownish tubercular spot; corium brownish

ochraceous, with a large irregular transverse fuscous

spot at inner angle, containing a small testaceous spot

at apical margin, which is also fuscous ; above the fus-

cous spot, at outer margin of clavus, is a large pale

olivaceous impunctate spot, and the apical 8rd is some-

what testaceous, the clavus is longitudinally and coarsely

punctate, and the corium is coarsely punctate along the

disk, the costal and claval margins being impunctate ;

membrane pale hyaline, the body beneath reflected at

base; femora black, with their apices castaneous ;

anterior and intermediate tibize obscure castaneous, with

their bases black; posterior tibie and the tarsi dark

castaneous or fuscous; body beneath black, anterior

margin of prosternum, coxe, and posterior margin of

metasternum ochraceous, prosternal lateral angles

brownish. Long. 4’:mm.

Hab. Yokohama.

Cymus aurescens, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 10).

Bright shining ochraceous; apical joint of the antenne,

excluding base, a small spot at claval apex, a short

discal longitudinal streak on corium (absent in a second

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 431

Specimen), extreme apex of corium, and tarsal apices,

black ; eyes and basal joint of antenne pale castaneous ;

scutellum pale castaneous, with a central longitudinal

impunctate luteous fascia; outer margin of clavus pale

castaneous ; membrane pale smoky hyaline, with some

black spots near base, and a curved pale brownish fascia

near centre; body beneath somewhat darker (carded

specimen) ; femora, excluding apices, tibial apices and

tarsi, brownish. The basal joint of the antenne does not

quite reach the apex of the head, and is barely half the

length of the 2nd, 2nd and 8rd subequal, 4th much shorter

than 8rd; the head is obscurely punctate; pronotum

coarsely punctate, the extreme posterior margin im-

punctate ; scutellum punctate on basal and lateral mar-

gins; clavus sparingly punctate, coarsely so on outer

margins; corium thickly punctate, the costal margin

broadly and palely impunctate. Long. 4 mm.

Hab. Yokohama, Chiuzenji.

In general size and structure this species is allied to

the European C. glandicolor, Hahn; from the North

Indian C. tabidus, described by Stal, it differs by the

basal joint of the antenne not reaching the apex of the

head.

Ischnodemus obnubilus, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 11).

Body pilose. Head and pronotum black; eyes and

lateral angles of pronotum castaneous. Antenne black ;

apices of the 2nd and 3rd joints narrowly and indistinctly

castaneous. Scutellum black. Corium ochraceous,

with its apical 3rd piceous. Membrane either pale

fuscous with the base narrowly greyish white, or alto-

gether of the last colour, and only reaching the penulti-

mate segment of the abdomen. Abdomen above piceous,

the connexivum ochraceous. Body beneath and legs

black ; the femoral apices, tibie, and tarsi ochraceous,

tinged with piceous, the tarsi palest ; lateral margins of

the abdomen narrowly castaneous. The basal area of

the pronotum is finely transversely striate and some-

what non-pilose, margined posteriorly by a transverse

carinate line, in front of which are two discal incised

lines, which are anteriorly reflected and bent at right

angles. Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Yokohama.

432, Mr. W: L. Distant’s first report on the

Blissus pallipes, n. s.

Head and pronotum black, somewhat shining; antenne

with the Ist and 2nd joints castaneous, the 3rd and 4th

fuscous; eyes dark castaneous ; scutellum black, opaque;

corium very pale ochraceous, the apical angles broadly

black, and a subclaval brownish oblique line on each

side ; costal margin narrowly ochraceous; clavus with

about the basal half black, the outer margin ochraceous ;

membrane greyish white, the veins brownish; body

beneath piceous ; legs reddish ochraceous. The body

both above and beneath is finely pilose; the membrane

does not quite reach the penultimate segment of the

abdomen, which is piceous and finely pilose. Long.

5 mm.

Hab. Niigata, Yokohama.

Blissus bicoloripes, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 12).

Head, pronotum, and scutellum, black; antenneze

piceous; corium pale stramineous; basal half and extreme

apex of clavus, and apical area of corium, from which

extend two short discal streaks, more or less black; mem-

brane pale olivaceous-brown, the veins darker ; abdomen

above and body beneath black ; femora and tibiz piceous,

their bases and apices ochraceous; tarsi ochraceous. The

body is finely pilose ; head and pronotum coarsely punc-

tate; membrane neither reaching the apex nor lateral

margins of the abdomen; anterior femora unarmed.

Long. 3} mm.

Hab. Nagasaki, Yokohama.

This species appears to be allied to B. gibbus, Fabr.,

an Indian species, from the description of which it differs

by its smaller size, different colour of the legs, and the

scutellum not ‘‘ dense punctatum,” &c.

Geocoris proteus, n.s. (Pl. XX., figs. 1, 2).

Head black ; eyes castaneous ; antenne black, the 4th

joint, the apex of the 38rd, and sometimes the apex of

the second joint, brownish ochraceous ; pronotum black,

very coarsely punctate, the lateral angles ochraceous,

and with two very distinct transverse fovee a little

before centre; scutellum black, coarsely punctate ;

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 433

corium dark olivaceous-brown, the lateral margins

ochraceous, the apical 38rd and the clavus distinctly

punctate; membrane greyish, tinged with pale oli-

vaceous ; body beneath, rostrum and femora black ;

cox, femoral apices, tibiz and tarsi, ochraceous. The

membrane does not quite reach the apex of the abdomen,

which is black.

Var. Corium with the base and claval margin, as

well as the lateral margin, ochraceous; the posterior

angles of the metasternum also ochraceous. Long.

3 mm.

Hab. Nagasaki, Yokohama, Niigata, Otsu.

Pamera ejuncida, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 3).

Body linear and elongate ; head and anterior lobe of

pronotum black, the collar of the last brownish; posterior

pronotal lobe ochraceous, sparingly but deeply punctate,

brownish anteriorly, with a central piceous line, which

does not reach posterior margin, and the lateral angles

luteous and impunctate; scutellum castaneous, with

either the basal half black and a central black line, or

with a large central basal spot, the basal half of lateral

margins, and a central line, black, apex luteous ; corium

pale ochraceous, sparingly punctured with brownish,

the lateral margins pale and impunctate, a black spot

near centre of apical margin, attached to which are

some linear black punctures more or less enclosing a

subtriangular pale spot at claval apex; clavus thickly

and longitudinally brown punctured ; membrane greyish

white ; head beneath and sternum piceous ; abdomen

castaneous, somewhat piceous at base, and with a few

transverse stigmatal piceous spots; antenne and legs

ochraceous, the last with the tarsal apices black, the

coxe castaneous. The head is long and somewhat

prominently exserted ; the anterior lobe of the pronotum

is distinctly longer than the posterior, the hind margin

of which is prominently concave. Long. 73 mm.

Hab. Nagasaki.

This and the two following-described species appertain

to Stal’s first section of the genus, and have their affinity

with P. longula, Dall., an American species.

434 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the

Pamera exigua, i. 8.

Closely allied to the preceding species, but differing

by the shorter and less elongate anterior lobe of the

pronotum, the apical joint of the antenne distinctly in-

fuscated, the whole of the body beneath uniformly

piceous, and all the femora, excluding apices, more or

less pitchy ; the membrane is also pale fuscous, with the

veins greyish. Long. 7 mm.

Hab. Nagasaki.

Pamera jejuna, n. 8.

Head, anterior lobe of pronotum and scutellum, black,

opaque, and more or less obscurely pilose ; antenne pale

castaneous ; basal and apical joints fuscous, with their

bases sometimes distinctly paler ; anterior collar of pro-

notum brownish; posterior pronotal lobe ochraceous,

punctate, with three broad longitudinal brownish fascie,

of which the central is darkest, and with a brown spot

at lateral angles; scutellum transversely and coarsely

punctate, with a central longitudinal carination ; corium

pale ochraceous, sparingly punctured with brown, the

lateral margins pale and impunctate; at inner apical

angle near apex of clavus a series of black punctures

enclose a greyish impunctate spot ; these black punctures

are confluent and macular anteriorly and posteriorly ;

clavus thickly and longitudinally covered with piceous

punctures ; membrane pale olivaceous-brown, the veins

greyish ; body beneath piceous and finely pilose ; femora

shining piceous, with their bases and apices luteous ;

tibiz and tarsi luteous, the tarsal apices dark piceous.

Long. 74 mm.

Hab. Hosokuté, Kumamoto.

This species differs from P. exiqgua by the longer and

more attenuated anterior lobe of the pronotum ; and from

P. ejuncida by the different colour of the antenne,

scutellum, and legs.

Pamera erubescens, n. 8.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black, the first shining

with a somewhat greenish tint, and the second opaque,

sometimes with the posterior lobe more or less brownish;

antenne dull, obscure, ochraceous, the apices of the 1st,

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 435

2nd, and 8rd, and the whole of the 4th joint, fuscous ;

corium brownish ochraceous, thickly and darkly punc-

tate, the costal margin from base to near apex and the

extreme apex luteous; membrane dark fuscous, the

veins paler, with a central apical paler triangular spot,

and a small luteous spot at apex of corium ; head and

sternum beneath black; abdomen testaceous, with the

basal disk blackish, and a few lateral dark stigmatal

spots ; legs ochraceous, the anterior femora generally

broadly annulated with fuscous near apex, apices of the

intermediate and posterior femora also sometimes infus-

cated, tarsal apices fuscous ; rostrum ochraceous, with

the base and apex somewhat pitchy. The head is finely

but distinctly pilose, the posterior lobe of the pronotum

distinctly punctate, the scutellum possesses some scat-

tered coarse punctures and a central apical carination,

the clavus is longitudinally punctate, and the corium

punctate and somewhat distinctly pilose. The body is

somewhat broad and ovate ; the anterior femora strongly

spined beneath on their apical halves. Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Yokohama.

This species, judging from Stal’s description, would

seem to be allied to P. sine of that author, a Chinese

species, and one recorded from Japan by Dr. Horvath.

The one here described is, however, a smaller insect,

and without the ‘‘vitta prope commisuram apiceque

coril nigro-fuscis”’ of Stal’s diagnosis.

Pamera rustica.

Diplonotus rusticus, Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,

ser. 4, vol. xiv. (1874).

Dr. Horvath has recorded Pamera nietneri, Dohrn, as

collected by Xantus in Nagasaki, without mentioning

the above species described by Mr. Scott. It is of course

possible that they are synonyms, but I am unable at

present to decide. Stal gives Ceylon, Java, and the

Philippines as localities from whence he has received

Dr. Dohrn’s species, which thus coincides with the

distribution of P. pallicornis, Dall., which we know is

found in Japan.

436 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the

Pamera festiva, n. 8.

Head and scutellum black ; eyes brownish; antenne

luteous, with the apical joint fuscous; pronotum with

the anterior lobe reddish brown, the anterior collar

ochraceous ; the posterior lobe ochraceous, coarsely and

darkly punctate, its lateral margins and angles luteous

and impunctate, with a small brownish subangular spot,

and the disk with three broad reddish-brown fascie ;

scutellum with a few scattered punctures near base, the

apical half carinate and more coarsely punctate; clavus

and corium luteous, the inner margin and apex of the

clavus darkly punctate; corium with scattered dark

punctures, a small obscure blackish spot near base,

some macular series of black punctures near inner

apex, which extend transversely to near costal margin,

and an irregular subapical black spot, these enclos-

ing a pale and almost impunctate spot, and with the

extreme apex dark ochraceous ; membrane pale oliva-

ceous, with some darker markings; head beneath and

sternum piceous; abdomen testaceous, with the basal

disk piceous and some lateral stigmatal dark spots ;

legs ochraceous, anterior femora, excluding apices, pale

testaceous, tarsal apices fuscous. The body is somewhat

elongate, the head distinctly pilose, the anterior femora

armed beneath on the apical halves with some long

slender spines. Long. 6 mm.

Hab. Sanjo.

This species is allied to P. annulicornis, Dall.

Pamera pallicornis.

Rhyparochromus pallicornis, Dall., List. Hem., 2, p.

573, n. 87 (1852).

Plociomerus discoguttatus, Dohrn, Stett. Ent. Zeit.,

xxi., p. 404, n. 58 (1860).

Diplonotus luridus, Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,

ser. 4, vol. xiv. (1874).

Pamera pallicornis, Horv., Term. fuzetek., 1ii., p. 147,

n. 47 (1879).

There can be no doubt as to the identity of this widely-

spread and well-marked species. It was originally

described by Mr. Dallas from Continental India; and

again by Dr. Dohrn from Ceylon, as detected by Stal, who

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 437

received the species from the Philippines. I have also

received it from North Borneo, where it was collected by

Mr. Pryer; and, as these specimens do not differ from

those brought home by Mr. Lewis, I have added Mr.

Scott’s proposed name to the synonymy.

Hab. Nagasaki.

Plociomera japonica, n. 8.

Head fuscous and pilose; antenne ochraceous, Ist joint,

excluding base and the apical joimt, fuscous; pronotum

with the anterior lobe fuscous, sometimes with the collar

ochraceous, and sometimes wholly brownish ; posterior

lobe ochraceous, with five indistinct brownish fascie ;

scutellum dark brownish, the apex luteous; corium

ochraceous, sparingly and darkly punctate, margins

levigate, costal margin with two dark brown spots, one

near middle and one at apex, a large triangular greyish

white opaque spot near inner angle, at apex of which is

a brown spot, and another small spot of the same colour

near base of corlum ; membrane ochraceous, with longi-

tudinal but curved and waved brown fascie; body

beneath brownish or fuscous ; legs ochraceous ; apices of

the femora, base of the tibiz, and apical joint of the tarsi,

fuscous. Antenne with the 2nd joint largest, the 8rd

and 4th subequal; pronotum with the anterior lobe

slightly rugulose, the posterior lobe distinctly punctate ;

scutellum punctate, the punctures on apical portion

larger but more scattered, the apical central carination

distinct. Long. 3;—43 mm.

Hab. Nagasaki.

Pachymerus japonicus.

Pachymerus (Graptopeltus) japonicus, Stal, En. Hem.,

iv., p. 160, n. 3 (1874). ‘

Graptopelta albomarginata, Scott (nec. Uhler), Ann. &

Mag. Nat Hist., ser. 4, vol. xiv. (1874).

From specimens identified as G. albomarginata, Uhler,

by Mr. Scott, and given to me by Mr. Lewis, I have

satisfied myself as to the necessity of the above synonymy.

As described by Mr. Uhler, his species reaches 11 mm.

in length, and I have as yet seen nothing lke it from

Japan.

P. japonicus, as pointed out by Stal, is very—and, one

might add, extremely—closely allied to P. adspersus,

438 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the

Muls., but differs by the colour of the 1st joint of the

antenne and by the punctuation of the lateral margins of

the pronotum. I possess a specimen of P. adspersus

from the Amur, and find the above differences to be valid

and distinct, thus affording further evidence to the expe-

rience which I have already acquired, and showing that,

asa rule, Rhynchota from the Amur are distinct, though

closely allied to those of Japan. The females are con-

siderably larger and generally darker in colour than the

males: the species altogether varies towards melanism,

and the series recently brought home by Mr. Lewis are

considerably darker than those he procured on _ his

previous journey.

Mr. Lewis’ localities are Nagasaki, Yokohama, Wada

toge.

Dieuches dissimilis, n. 8.

Head and pronotum black; lateral margins of pro-

notum (excluding extreme base and apex) luteous, casta-

neous before the lateral angles, which are black; antenne

with the 1st and 2nd joints ochraceous, the 8rd and 4th

fuscous; eyes dark fuscous; scutellum black; corium

luteous, apical margin and inner angle broadly castaneous,

with an irregular elongate black spot (widest anteriorly)

on apical claval margin, and two black costal spots

beyond centre; membrane fuscous, paler at base and

apex; body beneath black; legs reddish ochraceous.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum coarsely but obsoletely

punctate, clavus with three longitudinal series of punc-

tures, corium with a distinct submarginal series of

punctures curved inwardly towards apex, and preceded by

a short discal series and an apical submarginal series.

Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Ono, Hakodate.

This species is rather aberrant to the generic character

of Dieuches, by having the anterior femora somewhat

incrassated. In general structure it is allied to D.

armipes, Fabr.

PARADIEUCHES, N. g.

Allied to Dieuches (section D. armipes, Fabr.), but

with the anterior femora strongly incrassated and dis-

tinctly spined beneath near apex; pronotum with the

anterior margins convex, transversely constricted a little

behind the middle, before which the anterior area is

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 439

subglobose, the lateral margins dilated but not extending

to apical margin, which is alone as wide as the head; pos-

terior margin concavely sinuated before the scutellum.

This genus appears to be somewhat intermediate

between Dieuches and Newrocladus.

Paradieuches lewisi, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 4).

Head black, with the apex brownish ; antenne with

the 1st and 2nd joints brownish ochraceous, the 3rd and

4th black, with their bases brownish ochraceous ; pro-

notum black, the posterior lobe somewhat purplish, the

dilated margins luteous, except at lateral angles, where

they are purplish black; scutellum black; clavus pur-

plish, with a longitudinal paler streak on each side near

apex ; corium with the basal third luteous, the remainder

purplish, with two black costal spots near centre (be-

tween which the colour is luteous), a similar spot near

centre of claval margin, and the apex broadly black ;

corial apical and the posterior half of claval margin black;

basal angle narrowly black ; membrane black, the base

and apical margin narrowly brownish ochraceous, with

a large white spot on each side near apex of corium ;

body beneath black ; legs castaneous, the femora with

their apices very narrowly black. The posterior lobe of

the pronotum has a distinct central foveate impression ;

the scutellum is somewhat gibbous; the clavus longi-

tudinally punctate; and the disk of the corium is

sparingly punctate. The pronotum has the posterior

lobe thickly but obsoletely punctate, and the anterior

lobe somewhat pilose. Long. 6 mm.

Hab. Yokohama.

Peantius lineatus.

Peantius lineatus, Stal, En. Hem., iv., p. 162, n. 2

(1874).

The type specimens, male and female, of this species

were received from the Philippines; but, judging from

the description of the same, I have little doubt that I

have correctly identified the Japanese specimen collected

by Mr. Lewis.

Only two species of this genus are at present eee

one from South Africa and the other apparently common

to the Philippines and Japan.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaART Iv. (NOV.) 2k

440 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the

Gastrodes japonicus.

P. (Platygaster) japonicus, Stal, En. Hem., iv., p. 164,

n. 1 (1874).

Platygaster ferrugineus, Scott (nec Linn.), Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. xiv. (1874).

Letheus lewisi, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 7).

Head black, the base impunctate, and from the ocular

area somewhat finely punctate, apex of central lobe casta-

neous; antenne with the 1st joint black, its base

narrowly ochraceous; 2nd joint brownish ochraceous,

its apex black; 8rd joint black, its base narrowly

brownish ochraceous, and its apex broadly luteous; 4th

joint black, its apex very narrowly brownish ; pronotum

black, with the anterior area glabrous and shining, the

posterior area rugulosely punctate; lateral margins

(broadest at posterior angles) ochraceous ; scutellum

black, coarsely punctate; corium piceous, coarsely punc-

tate, lateral margins ochraceous and impunctate, an

obscure transverse greyish streak near apex and a short

ochraceous line near claval apex; membrane pale fus-

cous; body beneath black; femora black, with their

apices narrowly castaneous ; tibiz and tarsi ochraceous ;

rostrum ochraceous, its tip piceous. Long. 7} mm.

Hab. Nagasaki.

This species is allied to the L. indicus, Dall., from

Bengal; but the colour of the antenne and ot the lateral

margins of the pronotum will alone distinguish it.

Drymus marginatus, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 6).

Body above black, lateral margins of the corium nar-

rowly obscure castaneous; head and anterior area of

the pronotum thickly and finely punctate; posterior

pronotal area, scutellum, and corium thickly and coarsely

punctate ; membrane very pale olivaceous ; body beneath

and legs black, tarsi brownish ; antenne black, apex of

the 4th joint narrowly brownish. Long. 43 mm.

Hab. Ichiuchi.

Lamproplax membraneus, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 5).

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black ; pronotum with

an oblong spot at lateral angles, and sometimes with the

centre of basal margin ochraceous; corium brownish

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 441

ochraceous, the costal margin broadly ochraceous (nar-

rowest at base); membrane pale hyaline, with an

olivaceous tinge; body beneath black, the abdomen

sometimes somewhat castaneous towards apex; legs

pitchy castaneous, the tarsi more or less ochraceous ;

antenne with the 1st joint castaneous, its base and apex

narrowly ochraceous ; 2nd joint black, with its extreme

base and apex a little paler; 8rd pitchy, with the apex

ochraceous ; 4th castaneous, its apex paler (in a second

specimen all the joints are castaneous). The pronotum

has the reflexed lateral margins somewhat ochraceous,

its anterior area somewhat gibbous and shining, the

posterior area strongly and rugosely punctate, and with

a few scattered punctures at lateral and anterior margins ;

scutellum coarsely punctate, the disk rugulose; clavus

and corium coarsely and longitudinally punctate ; sternum

coarsely punctate; posterior and intermediate tibiz

strongly setose ; anterior femora with two slender spines

beneath near apex. Long. 44—5 mm.

Hab. Yokohama, Nikko, Nagasaki.

Var. pallescens.

Differing from typical forms of the species by its

smaller size, and by the 1st joint of the antenne and legs

being entirely ochraceous ; abdomen beneath castaneous.

Long. 4 mm.

Hab. Nagasaki.

A single specimen of this variety was brought home

by Mr. Lewis, in which I can find no structural characters

to specifically separate it from the species I have described

above. if

Ectrychotes delibutus, n. s. (Pl. XX., fig. 12).

Head, antenne, anterior lobe of pronotum, scutellnm,

body beneath, and legs, black ; posterior lobe of pronotum

red, with the incisures black, and in some specimens the

whole disk is pitchy ; corium black, with the lateral

margins broadly reddish, widened at base, and either

attenuated or in some specimens slightly broadened at

apex ; membrane black ; connexivum above and beneath

black, with subquadrate red spots at segmental incisures ;

in the female its apex is black ; abdomen beneath with

a central segmental row of transverse red spots, which in

449 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the

some specimens amalgamate with the marginal spots at

apex; tarsi pitchy brown; antenne strongly setose.

Long. 83—9 mm.

Hab. Kumamoto.

Labidocoris splendens, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 8).

Coral-red, shining; antenne, eyes, corium (excluding

lateral margins, which are slightly widened at base and

triangularly amplified at apex), membrane, sternum,

coxe, a submarginal segmental row of large spots to the

abdomen and disk of anal appendage to same, basal

annulation to the femora, apices of the tibiz, and tarsi

(excluding base and claws), black ; antennz with the 1st,

2nd, and 8rd joints prominently setose, the extreme base

of the 1st joint red, anterior femora armed beneath near

apex with a prominent and robust spine. Long. 14mm.

Hab. Yokohama.

This specimen is labelled ‘‘ Old fig ‘God tree,’ Japan.”

Labidocoris insignis, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 9).

Black ; posterior lobe of pronotum, lateral margins of

corium (widened at base and somewhat triangularly

amplified at apex), connexivum, and abdomen above and

beneath, coral-red and shining ; disk of anal appendage

black; cox, extreme bases and apices of femora, and

tarsi, ochraceous and somewhat pitchy. As in the pre-

ceding species, the first three joints of the antenne are

strongly setose, and the anterior femora are armed be-

neath near apex with a prominent and robust spine.

Long. 11—12 mm.

Hab. Kobe.

Hematoloecha rubescens, nu. s. (Pl. XX., fig. 11).

Allied to H. nigro-rufa, Stal,* but differmg in the

following particulars:—The head is red, with the eyes

black ; the pronotum is not marked with black at the

incisions; the scutellum is red; corium red, with a

large black spot occupying clavus and adjacent part of

corium, as in H. migro-rufa, but with the apex also

broadly black; legs red, anterior femora with a broad

* Plate XX., fig. 10.

Rhynchota collected in Japan. 443

obscure fuscous annulation at base, intermediate and

posterior femora with a darker central annulation, tibie,

excluding base, fuscous, tarsi ochraceous, the apices

fuscous ; head beneath and prosternum red ; meso- and

metasternums black, with the coxe red; abdomen red,

with broad transverse black fasciz at the segmental in-

cisures; rostrum red. The lateral carine of the scu-

tellum are more raised, and the basal central excavation

somewhat less broad than in Stal’s species. Long.,

male and female, 12—13 mm.

Hab. Nagasaki.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE XIX.

Fic. 1. Pecilochroma lewisi.

2. Neocazira confragosa.

3. Scotinophora horvathi.

4, Ainaria assimulans.

5. Parastrachia fulgens.

6. Stollia lewisi.

7. Menida japonica.

8. Clinocoris gramineus.

9. Melanospilus elegans.

10. Cymus awrescens.

11. Ischnodemus obnubilus.

12. Blissws bicoloripes.

PLATE XX.

. Geocoris proteus.

” ” var.

. Pamera ejuncida.

. Paradieuches lewist.

. Lamproplax membraneus.

. Drynus marginatus.

. Letheus lewisi.

. Labidocoris splendens.

= insignis.

. Hematoloecha nigro-rufa, Stal.

5 rubescens.

. Hetrychotes delibutus.

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( 445 )

XXI. Hgognathus Waterhousei, a new genus and species

of Dorcide from Peru. By Franz Levutuner, Ph.D.

[Read November 7th, 1883.]

Puate XXI.

AXGOGNATHUS, 0. g.

Similar in appearance to Avgus, but is most allied to

Iissotes and Alcimus.

@. Body flat. Head flat, quadrangular, much

broader than long, the anterior frontal margin a little

emarginate, without epistoma, straight at the sides.

Eyes rather large, open; canthus of the same oblique ;

the swelling in the cheek behind this rounded, not

prominent. Mentum broad and short; gula strongly

convex. Prothorax broader than the head, broadest in

front, narrowed towards the posterior angles; the ante-

rior angles acute; the posterior angles rounded off, and

in continuation of the flexuous line of the posterior

margin. Prosternal process flat, acuminate. LHlytra

longer than the head and prothorax together, narrower

than the prothorax, straight at the shoulders, with

pointed humeral angles ; flat. Femora of the posterior

legs inflated in the middle. Tibiew of the intermediate

and posterior legs unarmed.

Afgognathus Waterhousei, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 8).

3. Entirely black, upper side dull, under side shin-

ing. Mandibles as long as the head and _ prothorax

together, their appearance calling to mind Agus;

strongly bent inwards, terminating in a blunt point, in

the middle with a strong upward directed acuminate

tooth, which, when the mandibles are closed, does not

reach the corresponding tooth of the other mandible ;

at the base with three smail approximate teeth perpen-

dicularly arranged. Head and prothorax dull. Elytra

reticulate-punctate, the punctures forming irregular

lines; black, with a bluish bloom (as in Sclerostomus

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—pPaRT Iv. (NOV.)

446 Dr. Franz Leuthner on Agognathus.

mandibularis and Lessonit from Chili); with extremely

fine pubescence. Tibie of the anterior pair of legs

with four unequal teeth on the apical half of the outer

edge.

Measurements, ¢:—Total, 30 mm.; head, 4°5 long,

9°5 broad; mandibles, 9°5; prothorax, 5°5 by 10;

elytra, 12 by 9.

?. Unknown.

Hab. Peru (Chanchamayo). Collected by Mr. Tham.

British Museum.

I have much pleasure in dedicating this very in-

teresting species to my friend Mr. C. O. Waterhouse,

the well-known entomologist, as a slight acknowledgment

of the great assistance which I have constantly received

from him while occupied in studying the collections of

Lucanide in the British Museum.

Although this insect resembles 4igus in its general

appearance, and especially in the shape of the mandibles,

yet it cannot be properly referred to digus, or to any

other allied genus; and I have therefore found myself

compelled to establish a new genus for its reception. It

is intermediate in character between digus and Alcimus,

and likewise exhibits some relationship with the South

American genus Sclerostomus.

The Aigide have their metropolis in the Sunda Islands,

and extend northwards to Malacca on the one side and

to China and Japan on the other, and they have like-

wise been received from Celebes, New Guinea, and the

Fiji Islands; while Alcimus occurs in the Navigators

Islands also, thus bridging over part of the distance

towards the west coast of South America.

If we consider the relationship existing between the

Australian and New Zealand fauna and that of South

America,* we cannot be surprised if we meet with fresh

proofs of affinity between Indo-Australian and American

forms as often as collections are received from previously

unexplored countries or localities.

* This is shown by the Venezuelan genus Sphenognathus, which

is most nearly allied to the Australian genus Cacostomus, and by

the South American genera Chiasognathus and Streptocerus, which

clearly resemble the Australian genus Lamprima; and by the

affinity of the Brazilian genus Heraphyllum, Gray, to the Aus-

tralian genus Syndesus ; as well as by the occurrence of Marsupials

and Cassowaries in America and Australia.

( 447 )

XXII. Description of a new species of Hurytrachelus

(Coleoptera, Dorcide). By Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE.

[Read November 7th, 1883. |

Prate XXI.

Eurytrachelus pilosipes, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 1).

Niger, depressus, subopacus ; mandibulis capite duplo

longioribus, ad medium dente sat magna acutiuscula

armatis, ultra medium denticulis 3 vel 4, et intra apicem

dente parvo instructis; tibiis posticis inermibus, ad

apicem fulvo-pilosis, tarsis subtus longe fulvo-pilosis.

Long. corp. 18 lin., mandib. 8 lin.

Black, tinted with pitchy colour below. Head and

thorax densely and finely granulose; the elytra cori-

aceous ; altogether more finely sculptured than LH. con-

color. Head twice as broad as long, with the sides

parallel. Epistoma rather broad, about one-quarter of

the width of the head immediately in front of the eyes ;

arcuately emarginate in front; the angles rather acute,

but not very prominent. Mandibles as in LH. concolor,

not carinate above, but gently convex; strongly curved,

and acuminate at the apex. At the middle there is a

moderately large, rather acute, tooth; immediately

beyond this (nearer the apex) there are three (or four)

small teeth placed close together: this part of the

mandible, when viewed from the under side, appears

like a dilation of the mandible, and is more opaque

than the rest of the surface, the apex of the teeth‘

shining: at a short distance from the apex there is

another small tooth. Thorax as in E. concolor. Elytra

as long as the head and thorax together (including the

epistoma); much less narrowed towards the apex than

in EH. concolor, and more obtuse at the apex. Prosternum

between the anterior coxe rather broader than in EL.

concolor, sloping down posteriorly, with no tendency to

form a projection. Abdomen with the middle portion of

the margins of the segments beset with short yellowish

hairs ; and at the apex of the terminal segment there is

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PaRT Iv. (NOV.) 2

448 Description of a new Eurytrachelus.

a small tuft of hair. The long fulvous hair at the apex

of the posterior tibiz forms a sort of brush; that on

the posterior tarsi, which gives them such a peculiar

appearance, not only covers the under side, but borders

the apical margin of the upper side.

Hab. Santa Anna Island, Soloman Islands.

Two examples collected by H. B. Guppy, Esq., and

now presented to the British Museum.

This species, having the four posterior tibie not fur-

nished with a spine on the outer side, must be placed

near E. concolor, Blanch., and E. ternatensis, Thoms.,

but it differs from both these in having the tarsi fringed

with long fulvous hair. Dr. Gestro has described and

figured another species, H. intermedius (Aun. Mus. Civ.

Stor. Nat. di Genova, xvi., p. 317), from New Guinea

and Kei Island, which has the same peculiarity in the

tarsi, but that species is described as blackish castaneous,

with a narrow deeply emarginate clypeus, and is repre-

sented as having much shorter elytra.

In the British Museum collection there is a single

specimen from Duke of York Island, which differs from

E. pilosipes in the form of the head and mandibles, and

may possibly belong to a distinct species. I prefer,

however, to consider it at present a variety of L. inter-

medius. (Pl. XXL, fig. 2).

EXPLANATION OF Puate XXI.

Fie. 1. Eurytrachelus pilosipes, Waterhouse.

2: ‘ intermedius, Gestro, var. ?

3. Aigognathus Waterhousei, Leuthner.

| igopsis on plate. ]

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON

For THE YEAR 1888.

February 7, 1883.

J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e., President, in the chair.

Mr. Dunning returned thanks to the Members for his election to

the office of President, and nominated Messrs. Stainton, Godman, and

M‘Lachlan as Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Election of Members.

Philip Crowley, Esq. (Waddon House, Croydon), and Capt. George

Ernest Shelley (13, Rutland Gate, W.), were balloted for and elected

Members of the Society. A.C. Horner, Esq. (Tonbridge, Kent), was

elected an Annual Subscriber.

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited a species of Conocephalus, which was taken

in a greenhouse at Lee, Kent, on August 18th, 1882. It was kept alive

until within ten days of the meeting, feeding on flies, spiders, pieces of

meat, &c., showing a decided preference for house flies. In August, 1881,

a similar specimen was taken in the same greenhouse, but their origin

could not be traced.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir believed this to be the same species as the specimens

he exhibited last year (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. xxi); he remarked

that in the matter of food his specimens certainly preferred spiders.

Referring to’ the predaceous habits of this species, Mr. Weir mentioned

that in Palestine Mr. Tristram had observed large locusts preying on the

herbivorous locusts.

Mr. F. P. Pascoe read the following :—

“The Duke of Argyle, in a letter to ‘ Nature’ of December 7th, dated

from Cannes (Nov. 29), records a most remarkable instance of mimicry in

a moth. He describes it as ‘a very handsome species, with an elaborate

pattern of light and dark chocolate-brown. But the margins of the wings,

which were deeply waved or dentated, had a lustrous yellow colour, like a

brilliant gleam of light.’ Some movement ‘ gave it alarm.’ ‘It then turned

slightly round, gave a violent jerk to its wings, and instantly became

invisible.’ The Duke on further examination found that these ‘splendid

margins of the fore wings . . . had to be concealed; and so, by an effort

that required the exertion of special muscles, these margins were folded

down—covered up—and hidden out of sight. The remainder of the wings

were so crumpled up that they imitated exactly the dried and withered

leaves around.’ It will be observed that the writer speaks of ‘special

muscles,’ but a special adaptation of the nervures in the way of joints

would also be necessary. It is unfortunate that the moth was not secured.

Mr. Butler has, he tells me, no idea of the species. The Duke is an

observer, otherwise there might be thought to be some error in the

description of what really took place.”

Mr. M‘Lachlan and Mr. Stainton made some remarks thereon, the

former considering that either Phlogophora meticulosa or Calocainpa vetusta

was the moth alluded to. Mr. Stainton thought it probable that Macro-

glossa stellatarum was referred to; he incidentally remarked that he could

hardly believe it possible that there were no butterflies at Cannes in

November, as stated in the Duke’s letter. ;

Mr. E. A. Fitch exhibited a specimen of Rhynchiwm parentissimum,

Sauss., taken at Ambarawa, Java, by Ludeking. In a recent memoir

on the Humenide of the Indian Archipelago, published in the Ann. Soe.

Ent. France for 1882, M. Maindron had considered this species to be a

variety of R. hemorrhoidale, Sauss. (J. c. pp. 277—280); from a study of

his second plate (l.c., pl. iv.) this appeared impossible, but Mr. Fitch

pointed out that the exterior recurrent nervure of the fore wing was present

in the specimen exhibited, and was doubtless erroneously omitted in the

otherwise beautiful figure (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 6th ser., vol. ii., pl. 4).

A variety of Humenes circinalis, Fabr., and Vespa, n. s.?, were also

exhibited from the same locality.

Paper read.

Mr. Louis Peringuey communicated ‘* Notes on three Paussi,” giving an

interesting account of the habits of P. lineatus, Thnbg., P. Linnei, Westw.,

and P. Burmeisteri, Westw., as observed at the Cape of Good Hope, and in

many specimens kept fur some time in confinement.

Gh sen}

Mr. W. F. Kirby referred to Capt. Boyes’ paper in the Journ. As. Soe.

Beng., ser. 2, vol. i. (1848), reprinted in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xvii.,

pp. 88—91, giving an account of some Indian Paussi; Mr. Kirby suggested |

that the ants might find some protection from their enemies in having the

Paussus with his available artillery in their nest.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

Parts IV. & V. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1882 was on the table.

March 7, 1883.

J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Election of Members.

Francis Ford Freeman, Esq. (8, Leigham Terrace, Plymouth), Frederick

Charles Lemann, Esq. (Blackfriars House, Plymouth), and Frederick W.

Smith, Esq (Hollywood House, Blackheath Point, Blackheath, Kent), were

balloted for and elected Members of the Society.

Exhibitions, éc.

Mr. R. M’Lachlan exhibited a specimen of Polistes hebreus, Fabr.,

which was captured in one of the London Docks on Saturday last; the

specimen was in a dormant state, but revived from the heat of the meeting-

room. ‘These wasps had been commonly seen on a ship returning from

Calcutta, which contained a quantity of bamboos as dunnage; Mr. M’Lachlan

thought these probably contained nests of the Polistes.

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited specimens of Phaogenes homochlorus, Wesm.,

and Hemiteles incisus, Brdg., captured at Chobham last summer.

Mr. Billups also exhibited a further specimen of the Orthopteton

exhibited at last meeting, and which he had identified as Copiophora

cornuta, DeG., a Central American species.

Dr. D. Sharp exhibited a preparation showing the pro- and meso-thoracic

membrane of a large EHlater (Chalcolepidius porcatus, Linn.), in which the

prothoracic breathing orifices were of a hitherto unobserved structure.

The two stigmata were closed by hinged, horny trap-doors, very similar in

action to the lid of a trap-door spider’s nest. Dr. Sharp observed that this

membrane was of especial interest, not only for its novelty, but for its

functional or teleological importance which is, he believed, to guard against

attacks from minute parasitic Acaridea ; when the Hlater was stretched on

its back (in the position preliminary to springing) the stigmatic orifices

(Laie

would be open, and, except for the presence of these “ trap-doors,” it would

be easy for any acarideous parasite to establish itself in the entrances of the

trachee.

The Secretary exhibited, on behalf of Mr. G. S. Saunders, a microscopic

instrument which greatly facilitated the examination of pinned or living

specimens under the microscope without alteration of the stage. The

instrument, which was made by Messrs. Baker & Sons, 243, High Holborn,

consists of a double plate of ebonite in which is fixed a brass ball which is

made to rotate by working a handle fixed at the side of the plate; the ball

is hollow, and can be either filled with cork for pinned specimens, fitted as

a small “ live box,” or made to hold a small pair of forceps.

Paper read.

Mr. J. B. Bridgman communicated a paper entitled “ Further Additions

to Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of British Ichneumonide,” in which sixteen

species were referred to as new to Britain, and twenty-six species described

as new to science.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

Part I. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1883 was on the table.

April 4, 1883.

J. W. Dunnina, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &c., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

The President announced the sudden death, on March 27th last, of

Prof. P. C. Zeller, of Stettin, who had been an Honorary Member of this

Society for upwards of thirty years, suitably alluding to his life and works

in some extended remarks. Messrs. Stainton, M‘Lachlan, and Westwood

also communicated some reminiscences of our late colleague.

Election of Members.

Lewis F. Hill, Esq. (8, Edwardes Terrace, Kensington), and Louis

Peringuey, Esq. (Rondebosch, Cape Town), were balloted for and elected

Members of the Society.

Evhibitions, de.

Mr. W. F. Kirby exhibited specimens of Acridium succinctum, Linn.,

received from Mr. T. Davidson, who stated that it was this species of locust

which had lately been causing great destruction in the Deccan and other

parts of India.

Prof. Westwood called attention to a communication to a Sussex news-

paper by a gardener named Page, stating that he had found a new cause of

eae

the potato disease. On examination by Prof. Westwood, this supposed

cause was found to consist in the attacks of Polydesmus complanatus, L.

After Guérin-Meneville’s and Curtis’s publications on the numerous insects,

myriapods, &c., which are found living in the diseased potatoes, he was

surprised that the now well-known potato disease should be attributed to

these attacks.

The Rey. A. E. Eaton exhibited a patent revolving object-holder, used

by mineralogists, affording very great facilities in adjusting the position

of insects subjected to microscopical examination, thus allowing of the

examination of every part without removing the specimen. In the place

of forceps or fixed cork for the attachment of objects, this holder has

at the extremity of the arm a perforated cylinder that is made to rotate

by means of a chain movement connected with a milled wheel at the

opposite end of the arm. ‘I’o adapt them for entomological work the holders

on sale require a hinge or cradle-joint to be made in the stem just above

the swivel, to work in the direction of the length of the arm: this is

preferable to a ball and socket-joint. ‘The perforation in the cylinder was

filled with cork to receive the specimen pin.

Sir Sidney Saunders stated that his attention had been called to a

typographical error, which had escaped notice in the recently-published

part of our ‘ Transactions’ for 1883, by the omission of the word “ tarsis”

(p. 9, line 7), although obviously implied by the context in the definition

‘“ 5-articulatis.” Some further details of the fore tibie, as exhibited in

P]. IL., fig. 28, should likewise have been inserted here, by the addition of

“apice latis, utrinque in dentes validos, latere externo tres latere interno duos,

productis.”

Sir Sidney Saunders also proposed to characterise the vegetable-feeding

fig-insects as follows :—

“ SycopHaGipES.—Larva intra ficum e germinibus educata. Mares

apteri, ut adhuc cogniti. Famine alate, capite fossula longitudinali

dorsali, antennis prope fossule introitum insertis, intra quam retrorsum

vertentibus incolumes servantur, articulis ultimis 8, 4, vel 5, clavam, plus

minusve laxam formantibus; abdomine longiore quam lato; terebra flexili,

exserta, arcuata.

“Divisio 1. Prionosromata.— Mares mandibulis parvis; abdominis

seginentis basalibus inflatis, reliquis tenuibus, retractilibus, seepe subtus

recurvis (rarius supra dorsum reflexis—Sycocrypta, Coq.). Femine mau-

dibulis appendice exarticulata, latere interno serrata, ad basin affixa;

antennis articulo 3tio vel 4to in spinam validam acutam externe producto,

articulum sequentem oblique prope basin accipiente.

“ Divisio 2. HaprLosromarta.—Mares, a paucis speciebus characteres

desumpti, elongati, angusti, depressi, mandibulis maximis, abdominis

lateribus rectis, segmentis laxis, extimo late truncato, plerumque ut videtur

eo)

appendice flexili, multiarticulata, utrinque instructo (licet nonnullis he

appendices desunt—Apoerypta perplexa, Coq.). Famine mandibulis anten-

nisque simplicibus.

“The aforesaid Sycophagides, together with their near allies the gall-

feeders (Cecidophagides), as characterised by Linneus in his ‘Systema

Nature’ (6th edit. 1748), and by Fabricius in his ‘Systema Piezatorum’

(pp. 143, 146), appertaining alike to the Phytiphaga, the aphidivorous and

other parasitic Cynipide not comprised under that category would constitute

an osculant group (Heterophagides) leading to the Hntomophaga, as already

suggested, including those addicted to other propensities, as cited by

Latreille (‘ Figites, nonnulli saltem, eacrementis humanis delectantur, Gen.

~ Crus. et Ins., iv., p. 19).”

Mr. E. A. Fitch exhibited leaf-rosette galls of Cecidomyia viola, F. Low,

found in Epping Forest on Sept. 23rd last by Mr. Henry Corder on Viola

sylvatica. Dr. Léw described the gnat as new in 1881 (Verh. z.-b. Ges.

Wien, xxx. 84), from specimens bred from similarly formed galls on Viola

tricolor. Mr. Fitch also exhibited a bright red bean-like Aphis gall on a

pinna of Pistacia Lentiscus from Cannes, received from Dr. Cobbold; its

maker is probably Aploneura lentisci, Licht. ? (¢f. Ann. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat.,

vii. 471-4). A curious new cecidomyideous gall

on the woody twigs of Juniperus was also ex-

hibited. Mr. Fitch had received specimens two

days previously from Mr. W. C. Boyd from Men-

tone; the galls were very succulent, and greatly

resembled a cluster of full-fed Ixodes or miniature

brown leather pouches attached round the juniper

twig, the bunch consisting of galls extending to

the length of an inch along the twig; the galls

were easily detached from the twig at their bases,

and the orange-red gnat larve liberated, hence

they probably undergo their metamorphoses in

the ground.

Mr. H. Goss exhibited specimens of Pimelia angulata, Fabr., obtained

by Mr. H. B. Forman in the temple of the Sphinx, near the Pyramids of

Ghizeh, Egypt.

Papers read.

Mr. A. S. Olliff read a memoir “On a small collection of Clavicorn

Coleoptera from North Borneo”; the specimens were collected by Mr. W. B.

Pryer, and consisted of twenty-one species, twelve of which were described

as new to science.

Mr. P. Cameron communicated some ‘“ Descriptions of new Genera and

Species of Hymenoptera.” These included nine species from the Sandwich

Islands collected by the Rey. ‘Tl. Blackburn, who has now left the locality ;

« ‘va )

four species from Britain, and a new genus and species of Owyura from

Brazil.

Mr. W. F. Kirby read some “ Notes on new or little-known Species of

Hymenoptera, chiefly from New Zealand.” Eight species, belonging to

various families, were characterized as new.

May 2, 1883.

J. W. Dunninea, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e., President, in the chair.

The President read the following :—

GENTLEMEN,

Before proceeding to the important business of the evening, I crave

your indulgence whilst I make a few preliminary remarks. You scarcely

need to be reminded that we this day complete the fiftieth vear of our

existence. It was on the 3rd May, 1833, that nine gentlemen—Messrs.

Children, J. K. Gray, G. R. Gray, Hope, Horsfield, Rudd, Stephens, Vigors,

and Yarrell—met and resolved to found the Entomological Society of

London.. No time was lost; for on the 22nd of the same month the first

General Meeting was held at the Thatched House Tavern, the Rev. Wm.

Kirby was chosen Honorary President, 103 Members were enrolled, and a

Council of thirteen were chosen to complete the organization of the Society

and prepare Rules for its government. Rooms were taken at No. 17, Old

Bond Street, and on the 4th November, 1833, under the Presidency of

Mr. Children, the then Secretary of the Royal Society, a Code of Bye-Laws

was adopted, and our first Scientific Meeting was held.

Of the Original Members, six, and six only, still survive—Prof. C. C.

Babington, the Rev. Leonard Jenyns (now Blomefield), Sir Sidney S.

Saunders, Mr. W. B. Spence, Mr. G. R. Waterhouse, and Prof. Westwood.

Of these Mr. Waterhouse has the additional distinction of having been one

of the original Council, and the first Curator of the Society.

Our meetings continued to be held at 17, Old Bond Street from 1833

until 1852, when we removed to No. 12, Bedford Row; during nine sessions

commencing in 1866, by the kindness of the Linnean Society, we assembled

in Burlington House, but our Library remained at Bedford Row. In 1875

the Library and place of meeting were again united in this house; and

though the building operations now in progress have prevented us from

indulging in any celebration of our Jubilee, we shall soon be in the enjoy-

ment of improved accommodation, and I hope it may be long before the

Society has again to change its quarters.

The Bye-Laws have been from time to time revised—in 1834, 1838,

1847, 1848, 1851, 1855, 1862, 1864 and 1876; but, in the main, the

(Mati. ob)

original rules still govern us. In 1838 the class of Corresponding Members

was instituted; in 1848 Annual Subscribers were allowed; and in 1851

the grade of Associates was introduced. ‘The last-mentioned class was

abolished in 1855; and you are to-night to be invited to consider the

propriety of reverting to the original constitution, by prohibiting the future

election of either Corresponding Members or Annual Subscribers, and

leaving those classes to gradual extinction, or, as it is hoped, to absorption

among the Ordinary Members.

At the present moment we have 33 Subscribers and 205 Ordinary

Members, making a total of 238 contributing Members. ‘Three years ago

I ventured to express from this chair a hope that we might be able to

publish a Jubilee List of not less than 300 Members. It is not yet too late.

And I appeal to each and all of you, Gentlemen, to be active in striving to

attain this object. .

«The Entomological Society of London is instituted for the improve-

ment and diffusion of Entomological Science.” From first to last, this has

been our only object. To bring fellow-workers into friendly communication

and facilitate the interchange of ideas, to extract the hidden knowledge of

secluded students, to provide a Library for consultation, to encourage

observation and experiment, and to publish the results for the benefit of all

whom they may concern—such is our aim, the very reason of our being.

And I venture to assert that the Society has succeeded in its object. Ifany

be inclined to doubt, I refer him to the thirty volumes of our Transactions,

to the Record of Proceedings at our more than 600 meetings, as proof of

our activity and of the unfailing ardour with which the Society has now for

half a century devoted itself to the diffusion of entomological science.

Let me recall the names of some who in their day were enrolled in

our ranks—such men, for instance, as Adams, Allis, Atkinson, Bainbridge,

Bakewell, Bedell, Bell, Bevan, Bladon, Bowerbank, Bree, Brown, Champion,

Children, Clark, Crotch, Curtis, Darwin, Dawson, Desvignes, the Double-

days, Evans, Gould, the Grays, Guyon, Haliday, Hewitson, Hope, Hors-

field, Howitt, Ingall, Ingpen, Jesse, Kirby, Lee, Macleay, Melly, Murray,

Newman, Newport, Pickering, Raddon, Roget, Saunders, Shuckard, Smith,

Solly, Spence, Spry, Stephens, Swanzy, Swainson, Sykes, Thwaites, Turner,

Vigors, Wailes, Walker, Walton, White, Wollaston, and Yarrell.

I might have added others to this list of departed worthies, and I am

prohibited, by the fact that they are still amongst us, from mentioning

many distinguished men; but the names I have recited, including students

and workers in Entomology who have left their mark behind them, and

others who happily were not limited to our own or even to kindred branches

of Science, are sufficient to cast no light burden upon us and our successors

to maintain the traditions of this Society. Is it nothing that we should

stand in the place of such predecessors? Is it nothing that this Society

( ax 9)

should have formed a bond of union and friendship between them? Surely

an Association like this fulfils a useful purpose if it does nothing more than

perform the humble function of the string that binds the pearls together.

At the outset it was part of the plan of operations that a Collection of

Insects should be formed; and in 1835 the Rev. Wm. Kirby presented. his

entire collection of entomological objects to the Society, unfettered by any

restriction whatever. It was found, however, that the formation and

maintenance of a General Entomological Museum were more than the

resources of the Society would warrant; and in 1855 the Exotic Collection

was discontinued. Eventually, after thirty years’ experience, the formation

of a British Collection was also abandoned; the Kirbyan cabinets, and all

the type-specimens, found a permanent home in the British Museum; and

the Curator of the Society was merged in the Librarian.

Of the nine gentlemen who have filled the office of Curator or Librarian,—

Messrs. Waterhouse, Pickering, Shuckard, Westwood, Bainbridge, Frederick

Smith, Janson, T. A. Marshall, and Grut,—Mr. Smith occupied it for

fourteen and Mr. Janson for twenty years ; the present occupant is only in

his sixth year of office, but it must be the wish and hope of all that he will

continue to give us the benefit of his services for many years to come.

Of Treasurers we have had but six—Messrs. Hope, Yarrell, Samuel

Stevens, M‘Lachlan, J. Jenner Weir, and Edward Saunders. Of these

Mr. Yarrell acted for eighteen and Mr. Stevens for twenty years. I trust

the present Treasurer will grow as old in office as the oldest of his

predecessors.

Originally there was but one Secretary, and the first was George Robert

Gray; but at the beginning of 1834 he gave place to Mr. Westwood, and

although Mr. W. B. Spence was for two or three years appointed Foreign

Secretary, it was not until 1847 that two Secretaries were authorized by

the Bye-Laws, and Mr. Westwood was provided with a colleague. The

subsequent occupants of the office have been Messrs. Evans, Edward

Doubleday, Douglas, Stainton, Wing, Shepherd, Janson, Dunning, Sharp,

M‘Lachlan, Grut, Verrall, Butler, Meldola, Distant, Fitch, and Kirby; so

that by a curious coincidence the Society has during fifty years had just

as many Secretaries as it has had Presidents.

Including our Honorary President, who died in 1850 at the patriarchal

age of ninety-two, I have had twenty predecessors in this chair. It has

throughout been one of our rules that the officers shall be elected annually,

and that the President shall not hold that office for more than two years

consecutively. Messrs. Children, Stephens, Newport, Spence, G. R. Water-

house, Newman, J. EH. Gray, Douglas, F. Smith, Pascoe, A. R. Wallace,

Sir 8. S. Saunders, and Stainton have each held it for two consecutive years ;

Mr. Curtis for one year; Mr. Bates for three; Mr. W. Wilson Saunders

and Sir John Lubbock for four; the Rev. F. W. Hope and Prof. Westwood

[ae

each for six years. Nine of the twenty are still amongst us, and I am

pleased to see that several of them are present this evening.

Gentlemen, I can only regret that, by the irony of fate, it has fallen

to my lot to fill the Presidential Chair on this occasion, when, of all

others, it ought to have been occupied by one of the Fathers of British

Entomology. But you have willed it otherwise, and I will bury my regret ;

nay, it is already swallowed up in the delight I feel at the commission

with which I have been entrusted by the unanimous voice of the Council,

and I am sure that the proposition I have now to make will meet with

your approval, and be carried by acclamation.

I have to suggest that Prof. Westwood be made titular Life-President

of the Society.

There is no man to whom we asa body owe so much. An Original

Member, he has never failed us; during the crucial period of our childhood

he was the motive power, the life and soul of the Society; for fourteen

consecutive years he was Secretary, and for part of that time he was

Curator also. The Council has seldom been complete without him; he

has been Vice-President times without number, and during six years

(1851-52, 72-73, 76-77) he was our President. Whilst he resided in or

near London he rarely missed one of our meetings; even Oxford cannot

keep him away from us; and there is not a single year from first to last

that he has not been a contributor to our ‘ Transactions.’ From 1827 to

the present time his pen and his pencil have never been idle; his papers

are scattered broadcast over the scientific publications of this and other

countries; and to single out a few of his more important works it is

enough to mention the ‘Introduction to the Modern Classification of

Insects’ (1839-40), the ‘Arcana Entomologica’ (1841-45), the ‘ Cabinet

of Oriental Entomology’ (1848), the ‘Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera’

(1852), and the ‘ Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis’ (1874). What do

we not owe to Westwood’s ‘Introduction’? has it not been to many of the

present generation of entomologists the very fountain and sole source of

their scientific views? His labours have ranged over the whole domain

of our Science. Specialists may excel in their own particular groups, but

as a general entomologist have we a man to compare with him ?

Scientific bodies, both at home and abroad, have delighted to do him

honour: the Entomological Societies of France and Holland, of Berlin,

Stettin, and St. Petersburg have claimed him for their Honorary List:

other Scientific Associations in France, Germany and Austria, in Russia

and Scandinavia, in the United States of North America and the Dominion

of Canada, have vied with each other in conferring upon him such

distinctions as lay in their power; Brazil has made him a Knight of the

Imperial Order of the Rose; and if scientific knighthood carried any

outward sign, his breast would be one blaze of stars.

At the foundation of the Society the joint authors of the ‘ Introduction

to Entomology’ were chosen Honorary Members. It was at the same

time made one of our Bye-Laws that no other resident in the United

Kingdom should be an Honorary Member; wisely, as I think, we have

retained that Bye-Law, and I hope we shall retain it. The proposition

to be submitted to you involves no infraction of that rule.

But, in addition to the Honorary Membership which he shared with

Spence, the venerable Kirby was made Honorary President for life. And

it occurred to our Secretary who bears that honoured name that it would

be a graceful act to confer a similar distinction upon Professor Westwood.

As Kirby’s position was unique in 1833, so is Westwood’s now: and it

needs no Bye-Law to forbid a recurrence of to-night. The laws of Nature

will prevent it; for long before our second Jubilee the Original Members

will be no more.

I do not propose to abdicate the functions with which your kindness

has invested me. But if it be your pleasure to adopt the suggestion that

has been made, I shall be proud to recognise Prof. Westwood as my titular

Chief, and to yield the Chair to him at any of our Scientific Meetings

when we are favoured with his presence. I know no better way of showing

that our constancy is equal to his, and that our gratitude is enduring and

life-long. It is a barren title and an empty honour, but it is all that we as

a Society can bestow. He has grown grey in our service, and in recognition

of his services, to us in particular and to our Science in general, I ask you

to confer upon him a title which will be a standing record of the esteem

in which we hold him, and which throughout the evening of his days shall

assure him of our affectionate respect.

The Honorary Life-Presidency.

The proposal was carried by acclamation, and Professor Westwood was

declared Honorary Life-President of the Society.

Special Meeting. &

A Special Meeting having been duly convened, pursuant to a requisition

presented to the President and Council, for the consideration of certain

proposed alterations in the Bye-Laws, which had been read at the three

preceding meetings of the Society,—

Mr. HK. A. Fitch proposed, and Mr. Pascoe seconded, that the Annual

Contribution fora Member be raised from One Guinea to Two Guineas,

and that Chapter 13 of the Bye-Laws be altered accordingly. The meeting

was addressed by Messrs. Sheppard, Distant, M‘Lachlan, Stainton, Kirby,

Grut, C. O. Waterhouse, Lloyd, Edward Saunders, and Sir Sidney

Saunders; and by Mr. Fitch in reply. The proposal was negatived by

19 to 5. <A proposal to abolish the Admission Fee was withdrawn.

(: =)

Mr. Grut proposed, and Sir Sidney Saunders seconded, that no more

Annual Subscribers should be elected, and that Chapter 2 of the Bye-Laws

should be altered by adding thereto the words, “ But no Subscriber shall

hereafter be elected.” The meeting was addressed by Mr. Kirby and

Mr. Fitch; and the proposal was carried by 23 to 2. The proposed

consequential alterations in Chapters 12 and 15 were likewise carried.

Mr. W. F. Kirby proposed, and Mr. C. O. Waterhouse seconded, that

no more Corresponding Members should be elected, and that Chapter 2 of

the Bye-Laws should be altered by striking out the words ‘“ Corresponding

Members.” ‘The meeting was addressed by Mr. J. Jenner Weir, Sir Sidney

Saunders, Messrs. Fitch and Stainton; and the proposal was carried by

15 to 8. The proposed consequential alteration in Chapter 16 was likewise

carried.

Mr. Hi. Saunders proposed, and Mr. Alfred Lloyd seconded, that every

Member who has paid the Annual Contribution for the year shall be

entitled to a copy of the ‘ Transactions’ published during the year, and

that Chapters 15 and 21 of the Bye-Laws be altered accordingly. The

meeting was addressed by Messrs. Salvin, Stainton, Waterhouse, Weir,

Kirby, Distant, and Sir Sidney Saunders; and the proposal was carried

by 265 to 3.

Mr. M‘Lachlan proposed, and Mr. C. O. Waterhouse seconded, that

the mode of election of the Council and Officers be altered by requiring

notice to be given of Candidates proposed to be substituted for any of the

Members recommended by the Council, and that Chapter 20 of the Bye-

Laws and the Schedule thereto be altered accordingly. The meeting was

addressed by Mr. Jenner Weir, Mr. Wormald, and Sir Sidney Saunders ;

and the proposal was carried by 16 to none.

The result was that the proposed alterations in Chapters 8 and 13 were

not carried; and that all the proposed alterations in Chapters 2, 12, 15,

16, 20 and 21 were carried.

Ordinary Meeting.

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Election of Members.

E. A. Butler, Esq., B.A., B.Sc. (Arnold House, University School,

Hastings), and W. H. Miles, Esq. (33, Paris Street, Palace Road, Lambeth,

S.E.} were balloted for and elected Members of the Society.

In consequence of the lateness of the hour all scientific business was

postponed to the next meeting.

BYE-LAWS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,

AS AMENDED

At a Spsecran Mrrtinc HELD ON THE 2nD May, 1883.

Cuap. I. Object.

Tur EntomonocicaL Soctety or Lonpon is instituted for the

inprovement and diffusion of Entomological Science.

Cuap. II. Constitution.

The Society shall consist of Honorary Members, Foreign

Members, Ordinary Members, and Annual Subscribers. But no

Subscriber shall hereafter be elected.

Cuap. III. Management.

The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a Council consist-

ing of thirteen Members, to be chosen annually, four of whom shall

not be re-eligible for the following year. Five shall be a quorum.

Cuap. IV. Officers.

The Officers of the Society shall consist of a President; three

Vice-Presidents; a Treasurer; two Secretaries; and a Librarian.

The Officers shall be chosen annually from amongst the Members of

the Council. No Member shall be President, or a Vice-President,

more than two years successively.

Cuap. V. Removal or Resignation of Officers.

1. For any cause which shall appear sufficient to a majority

thereof the Council shall have power to suspend any Officer of the

Society from the exercise of his office, or to remove him and declare

such office vacant.

ll BYE-LAWS.

2. In the event of any vacancy occurring in the Council or Officers

of the Society, at the next meeting of Council after such vacancy has

been made known, the Council shall recommend to the Society the

name of some person duly qualified to be elected to the vacant

situation; and the next Ordinary Meeting of the Society shall be

made a Special Meeting and the Members summoned accordingly,

and the Election shall take place as provided for at the Annual

Meeting, Chap. XX.

Cuap. VI. President.

1. The duty of the President shall be to preside at the Meetings of

the Society and Council, and regulate all the discussions and proceed-

ings therein, and to execute or see to the execution of the Bye-laws

and orders of the Society.

2. In case of an equality of Votes the President shall have a double

or casting Vote.

Cuap. VII. Vice-Presidents.

1. The Vice-Presidents shall be nominated by the President. Such

nomination shall be declared at the Ordinary Meeting next after the

election of the President in every year.

2. In the absence of the President a Vice-President shall fill his

place, and shall for the time being have all the authority, power, and

privilege of the President.

3. In the absence of all the Vice-Presidents a Member of the

Council shall preside ; and if no Member of the Council be present at

any Ordinary Meeting the Members present shall appoint by a majority

to be Chairman such Member as they shall think fit; and the Member

of Council so presiding, or the Member so appointed, shall for the time

being have all the authority, power, and privilege of the President.-

Cuap. VIII. Treasurer.

1. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to demand and receive for

the use of the Society all sums of money due or payable to the Society,

and to disburse all sums payable by the Society out of the funds in

his hands.

2. No payment exceeding £5, excepting for rent or taxes, shall be

made by the Treasurer without the consent of the Council.

8. The Treasurer shall keep a book of Cheque Receipts for

admission fees and annual payments; each Receipt shall be signed by

himself, the date of payment and name of Member or Subscriber

paying being written both on the Receipt and on the part of the

Cheque which is left in the book.

BYE-LAWS. lll

4. The Treasurer shall demand all arrears of annual payment

after such payment shall have been due three months.

5. The accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited annually,

previously to the Annual Meeting, by a Committee of three Members

of the Council and three Members of the Society, to be appointed by

the President at the Ordinary Meeting in December, of which Com-

mittee three shall be a quorum. The Treasurer shall furnish the

Auditors with a detailed account of all receipts and disbursements

down to the 31st December.

Cuap. IX. Secretaries.

1. It shall be the duty of the Secretaries to keep a list of all the

Members of and Subscribers to the Society, together with their

addresses ; to summon Meetings (when: necessary) of the Society and

the Council ; to conduct and produce to the Council all correspondence

in any way connected with the Society at the next Meeting after such

correspondence shall have been received or taken place; to take

Minutes of the Proceedings at Meetings of the Society and the

Council; to edit the Transactions and Journal of Proceedings; and,

generally, to act under the direction of the Council in all matters

connected with the welfare of the Society.

2. In the absence from any Meeting of the Society or the Council

of both the Secretaries, Minutes of the Proceedings shall be taken by

a Member whom the President shall appoint for the occasion.

Cuap. X. Librarian.

1. It shall be the duty of the Librarian to take care of the Library

and MSS., and keep a Catalogue thereof, with the names of the

Donors; to call in all Books borrowed, and see that the ee

Regulations are carried into effect.

2. The Council may employ a Sub-Librarian, who shall receive

such remuneration as the Council shall from time to time determine,

and shall be subject to such Rules and Orders as shall from time to

time be given to him by the Council.

Cuap. XI. Library Regulations.

1. No Member or Subscriber shall, without special permission of

the Council, be allowed to borrow from the Library more than four

volumes at one time, or, without leave of the Librarian, to retain any

yolume longer than one month,

lv BYE-LAWS.

2. If any book be torn, injured, lost, or not forthcoming when

lemanded by the Librarian, full compensation shall be made for the

same by the borrower.

3. The Librarian shall call in all books borrowed from the Library

on the 5th day of January and 5th day of July in each year; and in

case the same be not returned on or before the Ordinary Meeting of

the Society in the following month, notice thereof shall be given by

him to the Council, who shall then direct a second notice to be sent to

the Member or Subscriber retaining any book, and in case the same

be not returned within the further space of four weeks from the date

of such second notice so sent, such Member or Subscriber shall in

future be disqualified from borrowing books from the Library without

the special permission of the Council.

4. The Library shall be open to the Members and Subscribers

between the hours of one and six p.m. on every week-day, except

Saturday, and on that day between one and three p.m.

5. No stranger shall be allowed access to the Library unless

introduced by a Member or Subscriber; but a note addressed to the

Librarian or Secretary shall be deemed a sufficient introduction.

Cuap. XII. Election of Members.

1. Every Candidate for admission into the Society shall be

proposed by three or more Members, who must sign a Certificate in

recommendation of him. The Certificate shall specify the name and

usual place of residence of the Candidate.

2. The Certificate for a Member, having been read at one of the

Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the room, read again at the

following Ordinary Meeting, and the person therem recommended

shall be balloted for at the next Ordinary Meeting.

3. The method of voting for the election of Members shall be by

ballot, and two-thirds of the members balloting shall elect.

4. Members shall sign the Obligation Book of the Society at the

first Ordinary Meeting of the Society at which they are present, and

shall then be admitted by the President.

Cuap. XIII. Admission Fee and Annual Contribution.

1. The Admission Fee for a Member shall be £2 2s., the Annual

Contribution £1 1s.

2. The Annual Contribution for a Subscriber shall be £1 1s.,

without Admission Fee,

BYE-LAWS. V

3. The composition for a Life Member in lieu of the Annual

Contribution shall be £15 15s.

4, The Annual Contribution shall become due on the 1st day of

January in advance; any Member elected after September will not be

called upon for his Contribution for that year.

Cuap. XIV. Withdrawing and Removal of Members.

1. Every Member or Subscriber, having paid all sums due to the

Society, shall be at liberty to withdraw therefrom upon giving notice

in writing to the Secretary.

2. Whenever written notice of a motion for removing any Member

or Subscriber shall be delivered to the Secretary, signed by the

President or Chairman for the time being on the part of the Council

or by five or more Members, such notice shall be read from the chair

at the two Ordinary Meetings immediately following the delivery

thereof, and the next following Ordinary Meeting shall be made a

Special Meeting and the Members summoned accordingly, when such

motion shall be taken into consideration and decided by ballot ;

whereat if a majority of the Members balloting shall vote that

such Member or Subscriber be removed, he shall be removed from

the Society.

8. Whenever any Member of the Society shall be in arrear for

three years in the payment of his Annual Contribution, notice thereof

in writing shall be given or sent to him by the Treasurer, together

with a copy of this section; and in case the same shall remain

unpaid, the Treasurer shall give notice thereof to the Council, who

shall cause a second similar notice to be sent to the Member, with an

intimation that at the expiration of three months he will be liable to

have his name erased from the list of Members. In default of payment,

the Council may order his name to be erased accordingly.

4. Whenever the Annual Contribution of a Subscriber shall be in

arrear one year, such Subscriber shall have his name erased from the

list of Subscribers and cease to belong to the Society.

Cuap. XV. Privileges of Members.

1. Members have the right to be present, to state their opinions,

and to vote, at all General Meetings; to propose Candidates for

admission into the Society ; to introduce Visitors at General Meetings

of the Society; to have personal access, and to introduce scientific

strangers, to the Library; and Members who have paid the Annual

Contribution for the year shall be entitled to receive a copy of the

Transactions published during the year,

vi BYE-LAWS.

2. Members shall be eligible to any office in the Society, provided

they are not more than one year in arrear in the payment of the

Annual Contribution.

3. A Member shall not be entitled to vote on any occasion until

he shall have paid his Contribution for the year last past.

Cuap. XVI. Foreign Members.

1. Any Foreigner, not resident in the United Kingdom, who has

distinguished himself as an Entomologist, or who has shown himself

able and willing to promote the ends for which the Society is founded,

may be elected a Foreign Member; his Annual Contribution shall be

£1 1s., he shall be exempt from the payment of any Admission Fee,

and shall be entitled to the same privileges as an Ordinary Member.

Cuap. XVII. Honorary Members.

1. Every person proposed as an Honorary Member shall be

recommended by the Council; and shall be balloted for, and, if

elected, be liable to be removed in the like form and manner, and be

subject to the same rules and restrictions, as an Ordinary Member.

2. Honorary Members shall be exempt from the payment of Fees

and Contributions, and shall possess all the privileges of Ordinary

Members.

8. No resident in the United Kingdom shall be an Honorary

Member.

4. The number of Honorary Members shall not exceed ten.

Cuap. XVIII. Ordinary Meetings of the Society.

1. The Ordinary Meetings of the Society shall be held on the first

Wednesday in each month (except January), beginning at seven

o’clock in the evening, or at such other time as the Council shall from

time to time direct.

2. At the Ordinary Meetings the order of business shall be as

follows :—

(1.) The names of the Visitors present at the Meeting shall be

read aloud by the President.

(2.) The Minutes of the last Meeting shall be read aloud by

one of the Secretaries, proposed for confirmation by the

Meeting, and signed by the President.

(8.) The Presents made to the Society since the last Meeting

shall be announced and exhibited,

BYE-LAWS. Vili

(4.) Certificates in favour of Candidates for admission into the

Society shall be read, and Candidates shall be balloted

for.

(5.) Members shall sign their names in the Obligation Book,

and be admitted.

(6.) Exhibitions of specimens, &c., shall be made.

(7.) Entomological communications shall be announced and

read either by the Author or one of the Secretaries.

(8.) When the other business has been completed, the persons

present shall be invited by the President to make their

observations on the communications which have been

read, and on the specimens or drawings which have

been exhibited at the Meeting.

8. All Memoirs which shall be read at any Meeting of the Society

shall become the property of the Society, unless otherwise stipulated

for previous to the reading thereof.

4. No Motion relating to the government of the Society, its

Bye-Laws, the management of its concerns, or the election, appoint-

ment, or removal of its officers, shall be made at any Ordinary

Meeting.

Cuap. XIX. Special Meeting.

1. Upon the requisition of any six or more Members, presented to

the President and Council, a Special General Meeting of the Society

shall be convened; a notice thereof shall be sent to every Member

whose last known residence shall be in the United Kingdom, at least

seven days before such Meeting shall take place; and any proposition

to be submitted to such Meeting shall be stated at length in such

notice.

2. No vote shall be taken at any Special Meeting unless nine or

more Members shall be present.

Cuap. XX. Annual Meeting.

1. The Annual Meeting of the Society shall be held on the third

Wednesday in January.

2. The objects of the Meeting shall be to receive from the Council,

and hear read, their Annual Report on the general concerns of the

Society ; and to choose the Council and Officers for the ensuing year.

3. The Council for the time being shall annually cause to be

prepared two Lists, one of which (No. 1 in the Schedule hereto) shall

Vill BYE-LAWS.

contain the names of Members whom they shall recommend to be

re-elected, and of other Members to be elected into the Council; and

the other List (No. 2) shall contain the names of such persons as they

shall recommend to fill the offices of President, Treasurer, Secretaries,

and Librarian for the year ensuing; which Lists shall be read at the

Ordinary Meeting in December, and shall then be fixed up in the room

until the day of election. And copies of such Lists shall be transmitted

to every Member whose last known residence shall be in the United

Kingdom, before the 20th December.

4, If any four or more Members shall desire to substitute the name

or names of any other Member or Members to be elected into the

Council or to fill any of the offices of President, Treasurer, Secretary,

or Librarian, such four or more Members shall give notice in writing

to that effect, specifying the name or names of the Member or

Members proposed to be substituted; such notice to be given on or

before the 81st December to one of the Secretaries, who shall before

the second Wednesday in January transmit a List of the names

proposed to be substituted to every Member whose last known residence

shall be in the United Kingdom.

5. If no such notice be given to either of the Secretaries on or

before the 31st December, the Members named in the Lists prepared

by the Council shall be the Council and Officers for the ensuing year.

6. If any such notice be given, the election shall be by Ballot at

the Annual Meeting, and the President shall appoint two or more

Serutineers from the Members present, not being Members of the

Council, to superintend the ballots and report the results to the

Meeting. The Secretaries, assisted by the Treasurer, shall prepare a

List of the Members entitled to vote, and each Member voting shall

give his name to the Scrutineers to be marked on the said List, and

shall then put his balloting lists into the respective glasses to be

provided for such occasion.

7. Any balloting List containing a greater number of names

proposed for any office than the number to be elected to such office,

shall be wholly void, and be rejected by the Scrutineers.

8. No Ballot shall be taken unless nine or more Members shall be

present.

9. If from any cause an election shall not take place of persons to

fill the Council, or any of the offices aforesaid, then the election of the

Council and Officers, or the election of Officers, as the case may be,

shall be adjourned until the next convenient day, of which notice shall

be given in like manner as is directed for the Annual Meeting.

BYE-LAWS. 1X

Cuap. XXI. Transactions and Journal of Proceedings.

1. The Transactions shall consist of such Papers communicated to

the Meetings of the Society as the Council shall order to be published

therein.

2. The Transactions shall be published quarterly, and at such

prices as the Council shall direct for each Part or Volume.

3. Authors of Memoirs published in the Transactions shall be

allowed twenty-five copies of their communications gratis. If any

additional number be required, the entire expense thereof shall be

paid for by the Authors.

4, A Journal of Proceedings of the Society shall also be published,

containing Abstracts of the Papers read and Notices of other Matters

communicated at the Ordinary Meetings of the Society. The Pro-

ceedings shall be bound up with the Transactions.

Cuap. XXII. Alteration of the Bye-Laws.

Any of the Bye-Laws of the Society may at any time be repealed

or altered, or others adopted in lieu thereof, at a Special Meeting of

the Society, to be held after a Notice given to the President and

Council, signed by six Members at least, and specifying the intended

repeal or alteration, has been read at three Ordinary Meetings of the

Society.

x BYE-LAWS.

THE SCHEDULE REFERRED TO IN CHAPTER XxX.

Nova

Form of Last for the Council.

List of Members of the present Council recommended to be re-elected

at the Election on the day of January,18 .*

ORI UF

MeN:

@.P;

ee |

Q.R.

List of Members recommended to be elected into the Council :—

pail

U. V.

W. X. |

Y. Z. |

* Tf any of the Names in this List be objected to, they must be struck out before

the Ballot, and other names, notified as provided by Sec. 4 of Chapter xx. of the

Society’s Bye-Laws, may be substituted in the blank spaces left for that purpose.

BYE-LAWS. xi

No. 2.

Form of List for the Officers.

List of Persons recommended by the present Council to be appointed

to the offices of President, Treasurer, Secretaries, and Librarian,

at the Election on the day of January, 18

Prepident: sc. 7ec. <2. Z.A |

SRECABUT OR wcncau ce riiet as 2 ah 8 | a

Secretaries............ | a - | i

SRIDERPPAN, 2025 0deccees 4 V.E |

* If any of the Names in this List be objected to, they must be struck out before

the Ballot, and other names, notified as provided by Sec. 4 of Chapter xx. of the

Society’s Bye-Laws, may be substituted in the blank spaces left for that purpose.

Pie ce as Pe,

‘ie (er i

ee ee

en ca

ke *

hi ai, : ; ; «a

‘ Hor: us i ar fists rt A “ Phesironcn AMES 7 abe

: Per tty ale. hua BaP ASN ee UNE : Pinedo: eae:

Aas BY, pumice 1a dint sos Raga

Sr Si) eee } :

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(alee do nett VRS Wad. te be bie seat ee te Brett é

( xiii)

June 6, 1888.

J. W. Dunnine, Hsq., M.A., F.L.S., &e., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to tho

respective donors.

Election of a Member.

George Coverdale, Esq. (24, Fleming Road, Lorrimore Square, 8.H.),

was balloted for and elected a Member of the Society.

The President invited Prof. Westwood, Honorary Life-President, to take

the chair, which he accordingly did, and read the following address :—

GENTLEMEN,

I hardly know how sufficiently to express to you my thanks for the

great honour you have conferred on me in unanimously electing me as the

Honorary Life-President of the Entomological Society of London, an office

hitherto in England held only by the venerable William Kirby; whilst in

France Latreille was the only entomologist on whom the Honorary Presi-

dentship of the “ Societe Entomologique de France” was conferred. Before

the names of these ‘“ heroes scientie” I must hide my diminished head,

as nothing which I have ever written can be put in competition with the

‘Monographia Apum Angliz’ of Kirby, or the ‘ Genera Crustaceorum et

insectorum’ of Latreille. I, however, may without egotism lay claim to

two characteristics which have governed me through my long entomological

career, namely (1st) an earnest zeal to further the science of Entomology

amongst both naturalists and the public by the investigation of difficult

materials, and the diffusion of sound knowledge in a more or less popular

manner; and (2nd) a thorough perception of the truth of the adage, “ars

longa, vita brevis,” and a determination to adopt the equally useful adage,

“nulla dies sine linea,” by constantly employing myself, either in accumu-

lating knowledge of what was being done by my fellow-workers in the

Science (to whom I trust I have always done ample justice), or in adding,

either by my pen or pencil, original materials to the fast-growing stores of

knowledge with which from day today we have for the last half-century been

inundated, and which require, for utilisation, a constant system of assimi-

lation. As a specimen of what may be done in the way of daily registration

of observations, I beg leave to exhibit to you the diary of the late John

Curtis, which (together with all his unpublished manuscript notes and

drawings) has come into my possession from his widow; and, as I consider

this to be the best system of daily record of observations with which I have

ever been acquainted, I think it quite worthy of the attention of the younger

(> Sin.)

members of the Society. It is a volume of nearly 400 pages, one of which

is devoted to each day throughout the year, and in which, of course, all the

current observations of the day are recorded. This being continued from

year to year, an easy comparison is afforded at a single glance of the

entomological peculiarities at any given day or season: whilst an alphabetical

index at the end of the volume to the observations contained therein (which

feature, however, is wanting in Mr. Curtis’s volume) would be found of

great service, as showing the periods of the different phases of life of any

given species.

The state of the Science of Entomology, and the means by which it

may now most successfully be investigated, are so totally at variance with

what they were when about the year 1820 I first commenced the study,

that I can but feel that the young student may, and almost necessarily must

be, deterred from taking up the pursuit otherwise than in a very cursory and

unsatisfactory, or in a very limited, manner. At the period to which I have

referred, the system of Linnzeus was generally regarded as the ne plus ultra

of the Science. A few of what we should now regard as quite children’s

books, such as Pinnock’s ‘ Catechism of Entomology,’ ‘ Anecdotes of Remark-

able Insects,’ and others of the same class, were, with the exception of

Kirby and Spence’s ‘ Introduction,’ our only guides. Samouelle’s ‘ Com-

pendium’ was commenced and half occupied with the Linnean Arrange-

ment, when the latter half of the volume was, by the advice of Dr. Leach,

extended to the then modern system of classification and study which had

not long before been introduced in France by Latreille. It was conse-

quently not difficult in those days to obtain a general idea of the insect-

world; and entomologists (with the exception of a few “ Aurelians,” as the

students of Lepidoptera were then termed) formed general collections of

British insects of all orders, the result of which is well shown in the works

of Curtis and Stephens. By degrees, however, the vast number of additions

to the British fauna, and the unnumbered hosts of exotic species with

which we have been and still are inundated, have gradually rendered it

almost necessary for the lover of the Science to restrict himself to the

insects of a single order, or even to those of a single family of insects.

In this manner, indeed, most important additions have been made to

the stores of entomological science. The labours of Sir John Lubbock on

the habits of bees, wasps, and ants; the beautiful works on the Tineide

by Mr. Stainton; the monographs on the Carabide by Dejean; the

hymenopterous works of the late Frederick Smith ; and the dipterous works

of the late Professor J.oew and of the Baron Osten-Sacken, are all instances

of the vast progress made in different directions by continuous specialised

labour. Of course to render such labours most efficient it is absolutely

necessary that each subject should be thoroughly investigated, and nothing

left for future inquiry ; the entire organisation of an insect, in all its stages,

y=)

must be studied; the opinions of previous writers must be carefully criti-

cised, but not slavishly adopted; and thus works like Lyonnet’s wonderful

volumes on the Cossus, or Victor Audouin’s on the Pyralis of the vine; and

monographs like Kirby’s on the British bees, Mr. M‘Lachlan’s on the

Trichoptera, Mr. Eaton’s on the Ephemerida, and Mr. Pickard-Cambridge’s

on the spiders, will be added to our stores of general knowledge.

When we consider the present state of our knowledge of the vast

number of species of insects compared with that of all the other tribes of

animals, the young entomologist may well feel appalled at the difficulties

which are opened to his view. Thus, whilst Professor Huxley estimates

the number of all the known species of animals (exclusive of the Arthro-

poda) at 50,000, we find nearly 80,000 species of beetles alone catalogued

in Harold and Gemminger’s list.. Such a number of species unfortunately

necessitates the creation of vast numbers of new genera, with the still

greater multiplication of subgenera or groups established, often recklessly

on insufficient or ill-considered characters, all which is unfortunately

forming an almost insuperable barrier against the real progress of the

science. How this barrier is to be overcome seems to me to be a matter

deserving very serious consideration ; for, whilst it is necessary in the

special investigation of any given group to separate discordant species and

regard them as separate genera or subgenera, the requirement of the more

general student is opposed: to such numerous and often arbitrary divisions

which it is impossible for him to study, but of which it is useful for him to

have some general idea. An instance of this kind is afforded in the last

part of the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Linnean Society, where Mr. W. F. Kirby

has established a number of new genera founded upon different thick-

thighed species of the older genus Chalcis. The species are for the most

part South American, and unique in the British Museum Collection, and

for more general purposes may well be known and spoken of under the old

generic name of Chalcis. Fifty yearsago, M. Laporte (Comte de Castelnau)

partially endeavoured to obviate the difficulty by employing generic names

which had evident reference to the principal genus in the group; thus we

had genera or subgenera Lucidota, Luciola, Lucio, and Lucernuta estab-

lished in the family Lampyrid@ (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. ii., 1833).

The same difficulty exists in the elevation of local forms or geographical

subspecies to the rank of distinct species without a due consideration of the

primitive forms from which they have probably sprung. The consideration

of the nature of the differences which distinguish these various forms and

the possible cause of their origin deserve the most attentive consideration of

the student, although the evidences of their origin may be as difficult to

investigate as those on which the varieties of the human race or those of

our domestic animals have originated, of which also amongst plants the

genera Rosa, Rununculus, and Salia afford equally difficult examples. Tn

ie ey

this point of view the recent memoir of Dr. Hagen on the variations of

Papilio Machaon is of great interest, although the difficulty of the subject

has already been manifested by the opposition to Dr. Hagen’s views of so

excellent a lepidopterist as Mr. Edwards.

I should be unwilling in this view of the subject to deny the intimate

connection of this question with the Darwinian theory of development,

but I would earnestly discourage my young hearers from following this

attractive theory too far, as it appears to me that it can only end in vague

speculations impossible of proof, especially whilst there still remain so

many interesting and important points which are capable of solution by a

careful and long-continued course of investigation.

In addition to the systematic labours of the monographer and student

of the modern classification and description of species, the life-history

researches of such writers as DeGeer and Reaumur; the special morpho-

logical memoirs, such as those of Lyonnet on the Cossus, or Straus Durck-

heim on the Cockchaffer, or that of Mr. P. H. Goose on the clasping organs

of male butterflies just published in the ‘ Transactions’ of the Linnean

Society, we must now add another special branch of the science, that of

Keconomic Entomology,—that is, the investigation and publication of the

natural history of such species of insects as are either beneficial or

obnoxious to mankind. The labours of John Curtis, as exhibited in his

fine work ‘Farm Insects,’ must here be referred to, and those of Miss

Eleanor Ormerod, whose unwearied proceedings are manifested in her

‘ Annual Reports’ and in her most useful ‘ Manual of Injurious Insects.’

In America this branch of the subject has been carried much further than

in England, the appointment of State Entomologists by several of the

leading States of the Great Republic having led to the publication of several

very valuable series of annual reports on obnoxious insects by Messrs.

Riley, Comstock, and others. ‘The attention of our own Government has

at length been directed to the importance of this branch of the subject,

and I believe 1 am at liberty to mention that an important step will be

shortly carried out for bringing the subject in an official and satisfactory

manner before the general public.

As I have elsewhere ventured to remark, the investigation of the precise

nature of the variations in any given species in a state of nature and the

causes which have led to such variations are of far higher importance either

than the establishment of new and independent species, or the study of

analogous modifications produced like those of pigeons under a state of

domestication.

There is still another field of investigation opened to the entomologist

by the recent improvements in microscopes, especially in the movable appa-

ratus, by which lenses of different powers are brought to act upon objects

by means of a simple revolving disc upon which they are fixed. A still

C avr.)

more important apparatus has been invented for marking the most delicate

sections of the various organs of insects; and here I may suggest that it

is much to be wished that the attention of some of our entomologists was

directed to the internal anatomy of insects, which, by the aid of the last-

mentioned apparatus, is shown out in a wonderful manner, and is much

facilitated, an example of which may be noticed in Sir John Lubbock’s

plates of the internal anatomy of the head of the ant, and especially in

Mr. George Dimmock’s inaugural memoir on the parts of the mouths of

the gnat and other dipterous insects.

It is with great pleasure that I have witnessed the gradual development

of the entomological collections of the British Museum, now, I venture to

say, the finest in the world. Let us hope that their removal from Blooms-

bury to their magnificent new home at South Kensington will be safely

effected, aud that their new domicile on the ground floor of that establish-

ment will be less disastrous than that which has attended the location of the

fine collection of insects in the New Museum of Geneva, where, from the

misplaced position of the entomological laboratory, mould to a terrible

extent has assailed the collections, the very valuable one of Mr. Melly

having, however, escaped by being placed in an upper room.

In conclusion, I cannot too strongly insist on the necessity of investi-

gating the correlation between the various structures of insects and their

corresponding habits; believing as I do that every variation of structure

has resulted from a preconceived design, and that nothing has been left to

blind chance, or to the power of external forms in developing previously

non-existent structures into a permanent specialized condition.

Exhibitions, de.

Mr. J. W. Slater exhibited a large case containing numerous specimens

of Lepidoptera from Zululand.

Prof. Westwood made some detailed remarks on some of the specimens,

especially on the Rhopalocera and Bombycide, noticing various rare and

beautiful species of Acrwa and a pair of the rare Lombya Oubie, Guer.,

figured in Lefebvre’s ‘ Voyage en Abyssinie’ (Ins. pl. xii. figs. 1, 2), but

hitherto otherwise unknown to him.

Mr. W. F. Kirby exhibited an object found in a nest of Formica nigra

in Ayrshire by Mr. P. Cameron.

Prof. Westwood suggested that it was the pupa, or rather the indurated

skin, of some syrphideous insect.

Baron Osten-Sacken, who was present as a visitor, said it was certainly

the pupa of one of the Syrphida, probably of Aphritis aureopubescens, Latr.*

* In Bull. Soc. Ent. France (6, pp. xevii, evi; Sept. 1882) it is mentioned that

M. V. Mayet, of Montpellier, frequently finds larve and pup of Microdon mutabilis,

L. (= Aphritis aureopubescens, Latr.) in nests of Lasius niger.—W, F. K,

(xvi 4

Mr. E. Saunders exhibited a specimen of Lebia turcica, Fabr., recently

captured by Mr. W. H. Bennett in a clearing in a wood at Guestling, near

Hastings. Mr. Saunders remarked that this species had been omitted from

the two recently-published British catalogues.

Mr. M‘Lachlan enquired whether any member present had heard of

other recently-reported captures of this insect.

Rev. H. 8. Gorham said there had been no other recent capture, and

he fully believed in the authenticity of this one. The species was figured

by Curtis, and he saw no reason to think the specimen now exhibited was

imported. Lebia crua-minor was almost unique until taken in some numbers

in a marshy spot at Holme Bush, near Brighton, by Dr. Power; it had not

since been found there, although he and Mr. Lewis had often hunted the

exact spot. Mr. Gorham believed the recent fine weather had contributed

to the occurrence of this interesting species, and that if the fine season

lasted he expected many other rare species to be captured.

Mr. I). A. Fitch exhibited specimens of Jwodes sp.? taken from sheep

at Maldon; this was with reference to some recent remarks by the Rev. L.

Blomefield, in which he says, “I can remember no instance of an Ixodes

found on sheep, though I would not undertake to say they never occur on

that animal” (‘ Nature,’ vol. xxvil. p. 553; April 12, 1883). Mr. Fitch

believed the occurrence of Ivodes on sheep to be very rare in the Hastern

Counties; from the evidence of a gang of sheep-shearers of large experience

he could only gather that they had met with these true ticks on three or

four occasions during the last fifty years; it appeared to be otherwise

further north. Mr. Fitch then read a letter from Mr. Eliott Lockhart, of

Branxholme, Hawick, N.B., giving some very full information of tick-

attacks on sheep, and making numerous inquiries about the life-history of

the Iwodes, which Mr. Fitch hoped some members of the Society would be

able to supply. This matter had a very practical importance, as the Ixodes

were supposed to be the cause or necessary agents in producing that fatal

malady “ louping-ill” or “ trembling” amongst sheep. Extracts from the

Reports of the Louping-ill Committee of the Teviotdale Farmers’ Club

were read, and Prof. Williams’ reports, printed in the ‘Transactions of the

Highland and Agricultural Society’ (1882, pp. 176—201), and Mégnin’s

‘Les Parasites,’ p. 877, were referred to. The Ixodes appeared to occur

commonly as far south as the hills of Cumberland and Northumberland, and

wherever the ticks occurred louping-ill was prevalent. Mr. Todrick notices

the presence of Iwodes and a disease with similar symptoms to louping-ill

on the hill-farms of Devon, and Prof. Rutherford notes their existence in

Cornwall. The northern ticks had been determined by Mr. F. Moore and

the Rev. O. P. Cambridge to be Ivodes erinaceus, Aud., and I. marginatus,

Leach. Mégnin says J. reduvius, DeG., is the species most commonly found

on sheep, but mentions five other species which had occurred.

¢ sm }

Miss EK. A. Ormerod, Mr. M‘Lachlan, Lord Walsingham, Mr. Distant,

and Prof. Westwood made some remarks in connection with the above.

Mr. Frank Cheshire, who was present as a visitor, made some observa-

tions on section-cutting in the probosces of honey-feeding insects, as referred

to by Prof. Westwood in his address. He recommended that the insect to

be operated upon should be kept fasting for some time and then fed upon

honey mixed with gelatine impregnated with some highly coloured dye; the

insect should be immediately decapitated and the head rapidly cooled ; it

should then be embedded in gelatine and the section cut by means of the

microtome. ‘The mouth-passage is then easily seen from the presence of

the dye. Mr. Cheshire then made some extended remarks on his various

observations upon the minute structure and anatomy of the honey-bee,

stating that many of his results differed much from the generally received

authoritative statements. With regard to the tongue of the honey-bee,

many authrities regarded it as a tube through its entire length, others as

a gutter or trough, while in reality it is a trough on the upper side at the

apex and a tube for the rest of its length; the structure of the extreme

apex (Reaumur’s “ bouton ”),—about which there existed so much difference

of opinion,—was easily made out by the use of the means Mr. Cheshire

recommended.

Papers read.

Mr. H. W. Bates read the ‘‘ Supplement to the Geodephagous Coleoptera

of Japan, chiefly from the collection of Mr. George Lewis, made during his

second visit from February, 1880, to September, 1881.” 118 new species

had been discovered by Mr. Lewis, but, with those discovered by other

collectors, 159 were added to those noticed in Mr. Bates’s paper published

in the ‘ Transactions’ for 1878, viz., 244, three of which are synonyms.

General and special remarks on the geographical distribution and local

variation of the various species are included in the paper, Mr. Bates

remarking that “the prevailing character of the Japanese fauna in the great

section of the Coleoptera to which this paper refers is Palearctic or North

Temperate, but the presence of many tropical genera and species is of great

interest.” In reply to Prof. Westwood, Mr. Bates said he had included but

one new species of Damaster (D. capito, Lewis), which was very distinct.

Mr. R. Trimen communicated ‘ Descriptions of twelve new species of

South-African Lepidoptera Rhopalocera.” These comprised one of the

Nymphalide, six Lycenide, two Papilionide, and three Hesperiide.

re < Aa

July 4, 1883.

Prof. J.O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S , &c., Hon. Life-President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Election of a Member.

A. Eland Shaw, Esq. (92, Elgin Road, Harrow Road, W.), was balloted

for and elected a Member of the Society.

Exhibitions, de.

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan exhibited specimens of Phyllowera vastatrix, Planch.,

from the roots of vines belonging to Mr.J. EK. Lightfoot, Mayor of Accrington.

Prof. Westwood remarked that he became acquainted with the Phyllowera

in Britain as long ago as 1862, and that on November 25th, 1867, he

described and figured this insect, at a meeting of the Ashmolean Society

in Oxford, under the name of Peritymbia vitisana, which name (had the

Proceedings of the Ashmolean Society been regularly published) would have

had priority over M. Planchon’s Rhizaphis vastatria.

Miss E. A. Ormerod exhibited a bunch of Atheria Ibis, Fabr., found on

a sprig of alder overhanging water at Hampton Court by Mr. J. Arkwright.

The swarm of flies measured about 6 in. long by 3 in. broad, and consisted

of many thousand specimens.

Mr. E. A. Fitch called attention to the figure of a similar swarm of this

species in the ‘ Compte-rendu’ of the Societe Entomologique de Belgique

for July 4th, 1874.

Mr. W. L. Distant exhibited specimens of four of the five known species

of American Fulgoride. Three were from Central America.

Mr. G. C. Champion stated that in Central America he had kept forty

or fifty specimens alive for days, and had seen no trace of luminosity,

neither did they stridulate; the evidence of the natives also was quite

against these insects being luminous. The Fulgoride were very sluggish

in their habits, Mr. Champion observing that he commonly found specimens

on the trunks, where they sometimes remained for days; he had never

seen a specimen on the wing. Mr. Champion also related that he had not

infrequently found larvee attached to and feeding on the white cottony

secretion so abundant about some of the smaller Fulgoride ; he had found

as many as three larve attached to one imago.

Prof. Westwood commented on the great interest of this last announce-

ment, remarking that the three cases of lepidopterous parasitism on the

Fulgoridé already recorded by him (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1876, p. 519;

1877, p. 433) occurred on eastern species. He was glad to hear that

wrk

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Mr. Champion had sent home specimens of the parasitic larvee, and hoped

that further information would be attainable.

The Secretary, on behalf of Mr. G. Lewis, exhibited the types and

material used by Dr. Sharp for his memoir on the Japan Pselaphide. Also

the specimens on which Mr. Lewis has founded his new species of Lucanide,

and which will be figured in the ‘Transactions.’ Another box was also

exhibited containing twenty-four male examples of Cladognathus inclinatus,

Motsch., showing the large and small forms with various connecting links ;

thirteen male forms of Macrodorcus striatipennis, Motsch., exhibiting the

connecting forms between it and C. opacus, C. Waterh., and C. Vanvolxemi,

Lewis; also three examples of Lucanus maculifemoratus, Motsch., of very

various sizes.

Papers read.

Dr. D. Sharp communicated a “ Revision of the Pselaphide of Japan.”

These consist of sixty-seven species assigned to seventeen genera, nine of

which are peculiar to Japan. The Japanese Pselaphid fauna was contrasted

with that of Europe and North America, but the amount of endemic

peculiarity could not yet be determined on account of the imperfect state of

our knowledge of the Entomology of the neighbouring regions.

Mr. G. Lewis communicated a paper “On the Lucanide of Japan.”

The synonymy of the fifteen species of Lucanini and one of Passalini was

fully set forth, many corrections becoming necessary. Five new species

were described and figured. Mr. Lewis remarked on the different forms

existing in the various species, and stated that he believed these were

due to the food of the larvee—whether the diet of the individual larva was

nutritious and abundant or otherwise.

Prof. Westwood remarked that the great modifications in the size,

curvature, deflection and dentition of the mandibles in male Lucanide

required great caution in not too hastily assuming identity of species in

cases of great individual divergences.

Dr. F. Leuthner, who was present as a visitor, made some extended

remarks on the geographical distribution of Lucanid@, also upon the poly-

morphic forms in the Odontolabini, which had hitherto been regarded as

something more than varieties. He did not consider Atsalus a Lucanid,

especially from an examination of its genital organs, but could not now

define its natural position.

Mr. P. Cameron communicated the “ Descriptions of sixteen new

species of parasitic Cynipida, chiefly from Scotland.”

Prof. Westwood read a “ Further notice concerning the Fig Insects of

Ceylon,” pointing out that Dr. Meyer’s statement as to the sexes of the

Ichneumon ficarius is fully confirmed, but whether the male was identical

with Sycoscaptella 4-setosa, Westw., required further examination.

(zn, =)

August 1, 1883.

J. W. Dunninea, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Election of a Member.

W. H. B. Fletcher, Esq., M.A. (6, The Steyne, Worthing, Sussex), was

balloted for and elected a Member of the Society.

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited specimens of both sexes of Pompilus spissus,

Schiddte, captured at Headley Lane in June last.

Mr. E. A. Fitch stated that Dr. Buchanan White had called his attention

to the possibility of the supposed gall on twigs of juniper received from

Mentone, and figured on p. vi of the ‘ Proceedings’ for this year, being

really a fungus. He had sent the remains of the specimen to Dr. Buchanan

White, and had received the following note in reply :—

‘‘T have examined the juniper twigs you have kindly forwarded, and

find that my surmise was correct. The galls turn out to be, as I suspected,

a species of Podisoma, a peculiar and rather abnormal genus of Pucciniat.

The fungi of this family form pulverulent masses in or on leaves, but in

Podisoma (or the doubtfully distinct Gymnosporangium) the pseudospores

are not dusty, but imbedded in a gelatinous stratum, and are parasitic on

the stems of different species of juniper. This is not the first occasion

on which these fungi have been mistaken for galls. They cause the twigs

and stems of the attacked plant to form large club-like swellings (your

specimen shows this in some degree), and these have been thought to be

galls, though no animal was found in them. The swellings are persistent,

and the gelatinous mass of the fructification of the fungus appear on them

year after year at the proper season (usually in spring). I have frequently

found orange-coloured Cecidomyideous larve living upon different kinds of

fungi, but usually quite exposed. Your specimen is interesting from the

way in which the larve have made habitations out of the fungus. As

several species of Podisoma and Gymnosporangium occur in England, it

would be worth while noticing if they are attacked in a manner similar

to the Mentone one. I enclose a rough drawing of the pseudospores, taken

from your specimen.”

Mr. Fitch also read a note from Mr. Charles B. Plowright, giving the

specific name of the fungus as Gymnosporangium juniperina, Linné, and

continuing :—‘“‘It is a hetercecious fungus; its other state is found upon

Sorbus aucuparia, and is known as Restelia cornuta, Tul. Many insects

are recorded by E. Rathay, in his ‘ Untersuchungen iiber die Spermogonien

(| xxiii)

der Rostpilze’ (Denk. Akad. Wiss. Wien., xlvi., 4—52; 1881), as feeding

upon this last-named form—the Restelia, viz.:—Coleoptera 9 species,

Hymenoptera 9, Diptera 18, Hemiptera 1, and some 7 ants.”

Sir Sidney Saunders communicated the purport of two letters addressed

to him by M. Edmond André, of Beaune, upon the subject of the terminal

segments “des Chalcides a queue”; stating that, after further investigation,

he concurred in considering Sichel’s so-called hypopygiwm in those genera

(Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. xxvi, fig. 7D) as a conjoint segment com-

prising the dorsal and ventral arcs of the 7th. This he intends to notice

in the ‘ Annales’ of the French Entomological Society.

Mr. R. Meldola, who had lately received numerous notes on ento-

mological subjects from Dr. Fritz Miller, which were of considerable

interest, communicated a short paper :—

EntomoLogicaL Notes FRoM BRAZIL.

1. Persecution of distasteful Butterflies by Birds. — Fritz Miiller’s

proposed extension of the theory of mimicry to the case of distasteful

genera, which I had the pleasure of communicating to the Society four years

ago (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. xx) necessitates the sacrifice of a certain

percentage even of uneatable butterflies through the inexperience of young

birds, &c. As some reluctance was shown to the acceptance of these new

views, owing to the want of direct evidence, I wrote to Dr. Miiller to ask him

to make some observations or experiments bearing upon this point, and last

year he sent me a specimen of Heliconius eucrate, Hiibn., having a jagged

notch broken out from corresponding positions on the two front wings, as

though the insect had been pecked at when at rest by a bird (see Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., Dec. 1882, p.419). Some further observations have been made

this year by the same observer, who devoted a week to the observation of the

undoubtedly nauseous Acrea Thalia, Linn., which swarms in vast numbers,

and is well known to be the subject of imitation by other non-protected

species. Dr. Miiller states that as a result he found more than thirty

specimens having the wings notched in a manner that can only be explained

by the peck of birds. Some of these examples, of which thirty-six were

enclosed in his letter, are herewith exhibited.

2. The colour of the Pupa of Papilio Polydamas, Linn.—According to

the observations of Wood on Pieris rap@, and of Mrs. Barber on an African

butterfly, Papilio Nireus, L.inn., the colour of the pupa of these insects is

determined by the colour of the object on which the larva pupates. This does

not hold good, however, for all butterflies of which the pupa are differently

coloured; it is not the case, for example, with Papilio Polydamas. The

pupe of this butterfly, of which large numbers have been seen by

Dr. Miiller, are either green or brown, intermediate colours having never

been found. The ground-colour of the larvee living on Aristolochi@ varies

( say =)

within wide limits, entirely black and bright yellowish or reddish brown

caterpillars being rare, whilst all possible shades between these extreme

colours are commonly found. Nevertheless the colour of the caterpillar has

nothing to do with that of the pupa, and from both kinds of pupe similarly

coloured butterflies are developed, both males and females. The butterfly

lays from four to six eggs close together; the young larve remain in

company till the second moult; they feed on the same leaf, and repose close

together, like the gregarious caterpillars of Papilio Evander, Godt., which

live in this manner till they pupate. Such a society of young larve, which

Dr. Miller had observed from the egg in his garden, was transferred to a

large glass vessel just before the larve distributed themselves over different

leaves. When about to pupate they were placed in a case, of which the two

larger sides were of white gauze, and the smaller sides and the top and

bottom of grey paper. The larve attached themselves to a thin leafless

stem of Aristolochia. Out of five caterpillars two changed into brown and

three into green pupe; a brown and green pupa were on the same twig,

-less than their own length from one another. The caterpillars emerged

from the egg at the same time, and shed theiy larval skin simultaneously,

whilst they were exposed to the same external conditions during their

whole life, being exposed to the same action of light, and having at the

time of pupation neither brown nor green in their environment. Dr. Miller

concludes from this experiment that in the case of this species the colour of

the pupa certainly does not depend upon the colour of its surroundings.

3. How the Caterpillar of Hunomia Hagrus, Cram., employs its hairs.*—

Many lepidopterous larve spin the hairs with which they are often so richly

adorned into the cocoon in which they pupate, thereby not only giving to

the latter great thickness and solidity with a minimum expenditure of silk,

but sometimes also the property of frightening away many foes by exciting

on contact an almost unsufferable stinging and irritation. Hunomia Eagrus,

a clear-winged Glaucopid with a red hairy body, employs the hairs of the

caterpillars in a quite different and peculiar manner as a protection during

* * Kosmos,’ vi, Jahrg, (Bd. XIL.), p. 449,

( ser)

its pupal period. On the thin twig on which the pupa is to be fastened the

larva forms with its hairs, both in front and behind, half-a-dozen circlets,

which it fixes upright round the twig in close proximity. The last hairs

are brought close up before and behind so that they incline over the head

and tail end of the pupa. The latter thus rests secure from the attacks of

small non-flying foes, such as ants, &c.

A box containing numerous bird-pecked specimens of Acrea Thalia

was exhibited.

The Secretary read some notes on the habits of two Australian species

of Trigona by Mr. H. J. Hockings, and exhibited numerous specimens in

illustration thereof.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

Part III. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1883 was on the table.

September 5, 1883.

J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Election of a Member.

Baron C. R. Osten-Sacken (Heidelberg) was balloted for and elected

a Member of the Society.

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. F’. Knock exhibited a perfectly bilateral hermaphrodite Macropis

labiata, Panz., the antenne, face, palpi, mandibles, legs, and genitalia

showing very characteristically ; the right side was male, the left female

(see figure). The specimen was captured at Woking Station on August 7th

( =e)

last, when the species was quite plentiful at the flowers of thistles,

Lysimachia, and Potentilla comarum.

Sir Sidney 8. Saunders exhibited specimens of the true Cynips carice

of Hasselquist, received from Smyrna, and made some remarks on their

identity with Westwood’s Idarnella. Also specimens of a new species of

Idarnella (I. aterrima) from Australia, and the larva of a Chrysopa found in

the Smyrna figs; more than one of these larve were found in a single fig.

Sir S. Saunders also read a note on caprification.

Mr. G. Coverdale exhibited four specimens of Grapholitha ca@cana,

Schlager, a Tortrix new to Britain, taken near Deal early in July amongst

Ononis.

Paper read.

The Rev. H. 8S. Gorham read a “ Revision of the genera and species

of Malacoderm Coleoptera of the Japanese Fauna; Part I. Lycide and

Lampyride.” Eighteen species of Lycid@, nine of which were described as

new to science, and eight of Lampyride, two of which were new, were

included.

A discussion on various points connected with geographical distribution,

arising out of Mr. Gorham’s remarks, and especially as to the number of

cases known of undifferentiated genera occurring throughout the world,

then followed, in which Messrs. M‘Lachlan, Salvin, Stainton, Distant, Weir,

and Gorham took part. Vanessa cardui, L., Pantala flavescens, Fabr., and

the trimorphic forms of Nezara viridis, L., were mentioned as being of

cosmopolitan distribution, and Danais Archippus, Fabr., was instanced as

a species which had but lately taken to migration, being now found in

Britain, the Azores, New Caledonia, and various oceanic islands, where it

was previously known not to occur.

October 3, 1883.

R. M‘Lacutay, Esq., F.R.S., &c., Vice-President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

The Chairman announced that the Insect Room in the new Natural

History Museum, South Kensington, was now open to visitors, but that the

public galleries were not yet open.

Election of Members.

John Hartley Durrant, Esq. (Bancroft House, Hitchin), and George W.

Oldfield, Esq., M.A. (48, Beaumont Street, Devonshire Place, W.), were

balloted for and elected Members of the Society.

( xxv.)

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. F. P. Pascoe exhibited Ledra aurita, L., captured on an oak at

Wimbledon ; Nabis brevipennis, Hahn, from Darenth Wood, off oak, and

Areopus pulchellus, Curtis, captured on Scirpus lacustris, at Sheerness.

Mr. E. P. Collett, who was present as a visitor, remarked that he had

captured a single specimen of L. aurita at Hollington Wood, near Hastings.

Mr. T. Wood exhibited a specimen of Malthodes, sp.? which he had

taken at Dulwich this year. Dr.*Power considered it to be a new species,

allied to M. atomus, Thoms., but much larger.

Mr. W. F. Kirby, on behalf of M. Alfred Wailly who was present

as a visitor, exhibited a large box containing numerous bred specimens

of various silk-producing Bombycida, &c., viz.:—Samia Cecropia, Linn.,

S. Gloveri, Strick., and a hybrid between these two species, S. Promethea,

Dru., Telea Polyphemus, Cram., and Hyperchiria Io, Fabr., all North

American species. Also a specimen of Darapsa Myron, Cram., with its

pupa-case, which was found in M. Wailly’s garden at Tudor Villa, Nor-

biton, and whose presence there could not be accounted for; specimens of

a species of Hemaris which Mr. Kirby considered to belong to H. diffinis,

Harr., several specimens of Apatura Clyton, Boisd., with their pupa-cases,

reared on five small trees of Celtis orientalis grown in one pot; five speci-

mens of Attacus Cynthia, Dru., reared most successfully on the lilac and

laburnum trees in M. Wailly’s garden; a long series of varieties of the

Indian Antherea Paphia, Cram. (Attacus Mylitta, Dru.,), varying in colour

from bright golden yellow to the darkest brown or grey; a pair of the giant

Himalayan race of Attacus Atlas, Linn., measuring over ten inches in

expanse of wings, and a male of the small Ceylon race. One extraordinary

specimen of a Samia was very notable; on this Mr. Kirby read the following

note :—

Abnormal specimen of the genus Samia.

‘This remarkable specimen, which has puzzled every entomologist who

has seen it, was bred by M. Alfred Wailly from a cocoon received from

some part of North America. It may be a hybrid between S. Cecropia

and some other species; but if so it is so different from all the other

known species that it is difficult to guess with what it could have been

crossed. It is equally difficult to imagine that it is a new species. The

specimen is a female, and equals the largest specimens of S. Cecropia in

size, measuring fully 63 inches in expanse; and the wings are more

rounded and less oblique than in Cecropia. ‘The body resembles that of

Cecropia, except that the abdomen is banded with yellowish grey and black.

The base of the fore wings is brown, thickly scaled with white towards the

costa; below this is a brick-red blotch, longer and narrower than in

( xen +)

Cecropia. Beyond this is a white space, extending nearly from the base to

one-third of the length of the wing on the outer margin, but curving up to

the costa in a rather narrow stripe. This is followed by a large irregular

black blotch, broad on the costa (where it is thickly dusted with grey),

and the narrow end extends to beyond the middle of the wing. On this

stands the large white kidney-shaped central spot, which is surrounded with

red, and divided by a reddish stripe at the outer end of the black blotch; it

extends beyond it into a broad red white-dusted band, followed by a black

one, so very thickly dusted with yellowish grey that it appears of that colour.

This is succeeded by a grey space, divided by a black line (much less

indented than in Cecropia) into darker and lighter; above is a blue space ;

in the inside is a row of rather large black spots, the uppermost and the

4th and 5th being the largest. Hind wings white at the base, followed

by a broad slate-coloured space, on the outer half of which stands a large

oval white spot, slightly surrounded with red, the outer part being

incomplete, as it rests on a white band, much broader than in Cecropia,

followed by a broad red band, three or four times as broad as in Cecropia ;

but followed outside by similar markings, only paler. The under surface

differs from Cecropia chiefly in the much paler colour, and in the different

position of the central spots.”

M. Wailly also exhibited four living larvee of Hyperchiria Io, Fabr.

(which sting like nettles), and two of T'elea Polyphemus, Cram., which had been

reared on small oak and willow trees in the open air at Norbiton, Surrey.

Mr. W. F. Kirby exhibited two examples of a Zygena thought to be a

variety of Z. meliloti, Eisp., captured by Mr. Prest near York.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir considered that in the specimen exhibited the

upper spot of the two central ones was rounder, and that the fringes were

narrower than is usual in Z. trifolit, also that these specimens were larger

than Z. meliloti, and that in this species the fore legs were generally light-

coloured, which was not so perceptible in these specimens.

Mr. G. T. Porritt said these specimens were taken on the same ground

as where Z. lonicere commonly occurs, and that doubtless they were a

form of that species; he remarked that he had bred specimens of Z. fili-

pendule with similar semi-transparent bluish fore wings instead of green.

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited specimens of the celery fly (Acidia heraclei,

L.), and remarked how very destructive it had lately proved in the celery

gardens around London. Messrs. M‘Lachlan, Stainton, and Fitch had not

noticed its abundance this year; the former recommended a trial of Riley’s

remedy of kerosene and milk emulsion.

Mr. Billups also exhibited a small larva which he had found attached

to a specimen of Proctotrypes, and which he stated had been thought to

belong to one of the Meloidea.

Sir Sidney Saunders exhibited numerous larvee of Meloe, which proved

( Sei)

to be very distinct from Mr. Billups’ specimens. Mr. Fitch thought the

larva belonged to one of the Staphylinide.

Dr. D. Sharp communicated a note changing the specific name of

Batrisus spinicollis, Sharp (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 304), to

B. armaticollis, and that of B. similis, Sharp (l.c., p. 319) to B. affinis ;

the specific names first employed having been previously used.

Paper read.

Mr. W. F. Kirby read ‘Notes on the Diptera of New Zealand,

supplementary to Prof. Hutton’s last Catalogue of 1881.” Three new

Species are described, and some synonymy corrected, so that the number of

species now admitted stands at 125 against 119 in Hutton’s Catalogue.

Mr. EK. Meyrick, who had lately returned from Australia and New

Zealand, remarked that the number of Diptera recorded from New Zealand

was not a tenth part of that occurring there. The islands were rich in

species, many of them being also very abundant. Lepidopterous larvee

suffered greatly from dipterous parasites, which were far more numerous

than Ichneumonidae. In the case of some abundant Tortricina it was

difficult to find a larva not infested with them.

Mr. Meyrick also called attention to a peculiarity of the New Zealand

insect fauna. ‘The islands were composed partly of bare mountain ranges,

partly of low-lying forest. The mountains, although very bleak and

shelterless, had an extensive and varied fauna, fresh species of insects

occurring on every mountain visited; the genus Crambus, for example, was

represented by a variety of species, for which there seemed to be no special

reason. On the other hand, the forests, which comprised a remarkable

number of trees and shrubs apparently well suited for food, were strangely

deficient in insects, and further, the same species occurred nearly throughout

the islands. It appeared, in fact, that a vast number of situations suitable

for insects were not utilised. This was the case with the Lepidoptera and

Coleoptera, and probably with the other orders. He then remarked how

very different a state of things appeared to exist in the Hawaiian Islands ;

there he had seen an abundance of insect-life, quite distinct from anything

occurring in New Zealand; for instance, within a few hours of landing he

noticed five or six species of dragon-flies, three species of humble-bees, and

two or three large wasps.

Mr. F. P. Pascoe said he could quite confirm these remarks on the

absence of insects in the forests. Hntomologically speaking, he considered

New Zealand one of the most barren countries he had visited; he should

like to ask Mr. Meyrick how the question of the fertilisation of red clover

by the humble-bee now stood.

Mr. Meyrick replied that Mr. Armstrong, of Christchurch, who had

made observations for several years, had found that in New Zealand the

( =x)

red clover was repeatedly visited and fertilised by the common hive-bee ;

seeds were produced, but apparently in much smaller proportion than

elsewhere. The red clover did not, however, maintain itself in a wild state,

and the Acclimatisation Society proposed to introduce the humble-bee.

November 7, 1883.

J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &c., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

Election of a Member.

Robert Jervoise Attye, Esq. (Ingow Grange, Stratford-on-Avon), was

balloted for and elected a Member of the Society.

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. F. Enock exhibited a living male and female Atypus piceus, Sulz.,

from Woking. He remarked that although this spider was generally

considered rare he had no difficulty in always obtaining as many specimens

as he required.

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited specimens of the following twenty-four

species of aculeate Hymenoptera, captured at Margate on August Ist, 1883,

viz.:—Lasius niger, Linu., Priocnemis obtusiventris, Schiddte, Tachytes

pectinipes, Linn., Cemonus lethifer, Shuck., Oxybelus uniglumis, Linn.,

Odynerus parietum, Linn., Prosopis communis, Nyl., P. signata, Panz.,

Sphecodes similis, Wesm., Halictus leucozonius, Schrank, H. cylindricus,

Fabr., H. subfasciatus, Nyl., H. villosulus, Kirby, H. nitidiusculus, Kirby,

H. minutissimus, Kirby, H. morio, Fabr., H. leucopus, Kirby, Andrena

bicolor, Fabr., Nomada jacobea, Panz., Megachile centuncularis, Linn.,

M. Willuyghbiella, Kirby, Anthidium manicatum, Linn., Osmia rufa, Linn.,

and Bombus sylvarum, Linn. Also the following Ichneumonide, taken at

Sevenoaks and Headley Lane in June, 1883 :—Ichnewmon vaginatorius,

Linn., I. confusorius, Gr., I. latrator, Fabr., and var. means, Gr., I. nigri-

tarius, Gr., I. fabricator, Fabr., I. lanius, Gr., I. sanguinator, Rossi, Exo-

phanes exulans, Gr., Dicelotus pumilus, Gr., D. parvulus, Gr., Centeterus

picticollis, Wesm., Phaogenes scutellaris, Wesm., P. fulvitarsis, Wesm.,

P. ischiomelinus, Gr., Phygadeuon troglodytes, Gr., P. abdominator, Gr.,

P.jucundus, Gr., P. sp.?, Cryptus stomaticus,Gr., Hemiteles bicolorinus, Gr.,

Pezomachus Neesti, Forst., Ophion luteus, Linn., O. minutus, Kriechb.,

Agrypon flaveolatum, Gr., Paniscus virgatus, Foure., Campoplex miatus, Gr.,

C. erythrogaster, Forst., Limneria tristis, Gr., Atractodes vestalis, Hal.,

("ear ,)

Thersilochus sp.?, Catoglyptus fuscicornis, Gmel., Tryphon consobrinus,

Holmer., Cteniscus subnitidus, Gr., Chorineus cristator, Gr., Bassus flavo-

maculatus, Gr., Pimpla turionella, Linn., P. flavonotata, Holmer., Meniscus

murinus, Gr., Phytodietus corypheus, Gr., Chelonus oculator, Fabr., Gany-

chorus diversicornis, Ns., Macrocentrus infirmus, Ns., Chasmodon apterus,

Ns., and the sexes of Cleptes semiauratus, Linn.

Mr. Billups further exhibited specimens of the following Hymenoptera

bred from galls of Cynips Kollari :—Cynips Kollari, Hart., Synergus melan-

opus, Hart., S. pallicornis, Hart., S. Reinhardi, Mayr, S. vulgaris, Hart.,

S. facialis, Hart., Crabro clavipes, Linn., Passalecus insignis, Lind., Hemi-

teles oxyphimus, Gr., H. bicolorinus, Gr., H. areator, Panz., H. incisus,

Bridgm., Thersilochus saltator, Fabr., T. boops, Gr., Chelonus submuticus,

Wesm., Lygocerus ramicornis, Boh.?, Thoron fornicatus, Ns., Eurytoma

ros@, Ns., Decatoma biguttata, Swed., Diomorus calcaratus, Ns., Syntomaspis

caudata, Ns., S. sp.?, Callimome regius, Ns., C. auratus, Fonsc., Megastig-

mus stigmaticans, Fabr., M. dorsalis, Fabr., Pteromalus fasciiventris, Westw.,

P. tibialis, Westw., P. spp.?, Eupelmus urozonus, Dalm., E'. Degeeri, Dalm.,

Olynx gallarum, Ns., and three or four other undetermined Chalcidide.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited a small locust (Phaneroptera falcata,

Scop.), lately captured by Dr. Mason in Cornwall; also a living specimen

of a curious dipteron—probably one of the Tachinide—which had that day

emerged from a cocoon of Megalopye citri, Sepp, from Brazil.

The Secretary read a note from Mr. H. W. Bates, pointing out that

Broscosoma elegans, Bates (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 233) had been

previously described as Miscodera Donitzi by von Harold in the Mitth.

Minch. Ent. Verein, vol. v., p. 36.

Sir Sidney Saunders exhibited both sexes of a Chalcidideous insect

described by Cavolini a century ago (Milan, 1782) under the name of

Ichneumon ficarius, parasitic on Blastophaga in the Caprificus figs of Italy ;

the female generically coinciding with the Cynips Carice of Hasselquist,

recently detected in such figs at Smyrna, but hitherto unknown since first

recorded by him as taken there in April, 1750.

As regards the traditional adage of caprification, a new element of

mystery has been imported into the discussion of the reputed absence

of Blastophage in the domestic figs subjected to this process—to say

nothing of a brood being nurtured therein—; for we are assured that, when

tempted on such occasions, these creatures are unable to deposit their ova

in the right place (“In den Fiori di Fico stechen die Thiere in der That

in den Griffel ein, ohne jedoch das Ei jemals an die richtige Stelle bringen

zu konnen.”—Solms, p. 37). The cultivators, however, blindly addicted to

local usage, take no trouble to enquire into these matters, fully persuaded

that without the intervention of such beneficent auxiliaries they would

assuredly lose their crops. Aristotle, indeed, ascribes some peculiar faculty

( ssa)

to the mouths of these insects (the so-called ‘ fermentation-theory,”

according to Solms, p. 27), when stating that the Voy eicdvetou eis te Tov

gundv ove nal did& oToMATHY Towel un anominteW TH égive—though a large

proportion of these wild figs remains untenanted, retaining their hold

without such tutelary aid.

This theory, subsequently expatiated upon by other writers, and held

applicable alike to the domestic figs as subject to the same laws, has

culminated in a systematic disregard of facts in many of the fig-growing

countries, while in some parts of the same countries and in others the practice

is unknown. For certain varieties this treatment is dispensed with even

at Naples (Solms, p. 25); but if in reality any such figs found favour with

the Blastophage they would certainly be discarded by consumers as

objectionable. Tournefort relates that the caprificated figs must be dried in

an oven instead of in the sun, to destroy the brood, whereby their aroma is

lost and their commercial value depreciated. But, as Count Solms remarks,

‘the confusion between the brood of the Blastophag@ and the larve of

moths which delight in consuming the dried figs, is apparent” (J.c., p. 26).

The question of specific identity must await a comparison between

corresponding broods; three generations being produced in the course of a

year, coinciding with the three successive crops of Caprificus figs; the

aforesaid Italian female appertaining to the third brood, emerging in

October, whereas the Smyrna specimens were obtained from the first and

second crops of these figs in April and July.

Papers read.

Mr. W. L. Distant read a “ First report on the Rhynchota collected in

Japan by Mr. George Lewis.” The Pentatomide, Coreide, Lygeida, and

Pyrrhocoride comprised 109 species, 33 of which are described as new.

Mr. Distant considered that the fauna of Japan had been largely derived

from palearctic elements, but that the number of oriental species found

was very considerable.

Messrs. Gorham and Elwes both considered the Japanese fauna to be

strictly palearctic, with a tendency to the partial development of tropical or

oriental forms in the south, owing to the climate. Mr. Elwes said this

was specially observable in the avifauna, 71 per cent. of the birds belonging

to palearctic genera and only 16 per cent. having oriental affinities.

Mr. Lewis pointed out that most of the Hemiptera collected were cap-

tured in the southern islands, and suggested this as a probable explanation

of Mr. Distant’s conclusions.

Mr. H. J. Elwes read some ‘‘ Further notes on the genus Colias,”

illustrating his remarks by the exhibition of numerous series of specimens.

Rey. H.S. Gorham said he quite sympathised with much that Mr. Elwes

had said, remarking that the specific difficulties equally existed in the groups

( six )

of Coleoptera which he had lately been studying. He maintained that

where races and varieties were found to interbreed they should be sunk as

species; hybrids doubtless occurred, but they were very exceptional. He

especially referred to the Telephoride, Coccinellide, and Chrysomelide,

stating that im the numerous unions he had witnessed he never saw or

heard of two distinct species occurring in cop.

With respect to this latter remark, Mr. Elwes stated that in the Vienna

Museum there existed specimens of Aryynnis Lathonia and A. Dia which

had been captured in cop. by Mann.

Mr. Edward B. Poulton read some “ Notes upon or suggested by the

colours, markings, and protective attitudes of certain Lepidopterous larve

and pup and of a phytophagous Hymenopterous larva.” His remarks

were illustrated by the exhibition of coloured drawings of varieties of the

larvee of various Sphingida, &c.

Mr. R. Meldola said that he would, in the first place, congratulate the

Society upon having acquired a new member who had taken up a line of

work so much neglected by English entomologists. He regretted that the

lateness of the hour precluded the discussion of the paper with anything

approaching the completeness that it merited. He would only say that in

the main he agreed with most of the conclusions at which Mr. Poulton had

arrived. With reference to the use of the remaining traces of the subdorsal

line in the caterpillar of Smerinthus ocellatus, Mr. Meldola stated that the

explanation offered was most ingenious, and one that he was fully prepared

to accept. When working at this particular subject he had felt convinced

that the residual subdorsal line which exists also in the adult larva of Sphina

convolvuli might in some cases be of use in aiding disguise, and he had

recorded such an instance (Cherocampa capensis, Linn.) in the English

edition of Weismann’s ‘ Studies,’ on the authority of Mr. Roland Trimen.

Respecting the function of the rust-coloured spots on Smerinthus larve, he

stated that Weismann’s view, that these were the rudimentary beginnings

of the coloured edges of the oblique stripes, was founded upon observations

on S. tili@ in Germany, in which species the spots sometimes run together

so as to form such a coloured edge. It unfortunately happened that the

outogeny of species with pronounced coloured edges to the oblique stripes,

such as Sphinx ligustri, had not been completely made out. By this means

alone could the problem be attacked with any hope of success; and, as

far as the present evidence went, Mr. Meldola was inclined to accept

Mr. Cameron’s view, that these spots might assist in concealing the cater-

pillar by representing galls or blotches on the leaves of the food-plant.

The fact that the majority of individuals first acquire the ferruginous spots

in the fifth stage is in favour of the view that this character is a recent one,

and not an ancient one beivg lost. Were the latter the case the spots

would invariably appear earlier in the ontogeny. The curious attitudes

(meer, )

assumed by the Geometer larvee referred to by Mr. Poulton were instructive

cases of the correlation of habit with protective resemblance, of which so

many instances had already been recorded. In this connection, Mr. Meldola

referred to the somewhat similar habit of the caterpillar of Emmelesia

wnifasciata, which loops itself up in the seed-capsules of its food-plant

(Bartsia) in a manner well calculated to enhance its means of concealment.

The case of the larva of the Nematus mentioned he regarded also as one of

typical importance, illustrating how the internal anatomy of an insect could

be modified or controlled by natural selection for the good of the species.

In conclusion, Mr. Meldola suggested that as the colour and pattern on

many caterpillars was still, in a large number of cases, imperfectly under-

stood, it might help to clear up the meaning of some of these markings if

experimental larvee were modelled out of plaster-of-paris or some other

materlal, and changes rung upon the colours and patterns by artistic treat-

ment, so as to find by experiment what particular mode of ornamentation

caused the model to assimilate more closely to, or to deviate more widely

from, the environment. He believed that by this means many markings

which in an isolated larva removed from its natural surroundings were

apparently devoid of meaning, would be found to possess as decided an

advantage as had been demonstrated by the author in the case of the

residual subdorsal line or the apparent angularity of Notodonta ziczac.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir also made some remarks on the many interesting

points brought out in Mr. Poulton’s paper.

Dr. Franz Leuthner read the description of ‘‘ Aigognathus Waterhousei,

a new genus and species of Dorcide from Peru.” He remarked on the

close relationship often existing between Australian and South American

genera. Mr. Waterhouse referred to two genera of Buprestide (Stigmodera

and Conognatha), in which this was equally noticeable.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse read the “ Description of a new species of Hury-

trachelus (Dorcide)” from the Solomon Islands.

December 5, 1883.

R. M‘Lacutay, Esgq., F.R.S., &c., Vice-President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the

respective donors.

The Chairman announced the death of Dr. J. L. Leconte, of Phila-

delphia. He was elected an Honorary Member of the Society in 1863.

Election of a Member.

George Bowdler Buckton, Esq., F.R.S., &e. (Weycombe, Haslemere,

Surrey) was balloted for and elected a Member of the Society.

( txeey -)

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. F. P. Pascoe exhibited some remarkable insects’ nests from Delagoa

Bay. They varied from half an inch to an inch and quarter in length, and

in shape from globular to ovate. They were semitransparent, yellowish,

and the surface, under a lens, had a reticulate appearance; on one side,

from the base to the apex was a stout suture, to which was attached a

septum extending about two-thirds across the interior; on each side of this

septum, but away from the suture, were placed in an erect position about

120 cylindrical eggs. These nests had much the appearance of the dried

pods of the “ bladder senna;” they were retained by a movable loop to the

slender twigs of a shrub which Sir Joseph Hooker had pronounced to be a

Rhamnus.

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan considered that these curious bladder-like egg-cases

belonged to one of the Mantide.

Mr. Wood-Mason did not think they should be attributed to the

Mantida, although possibly it might be so; he pointed out that the eggs

were arranged in quite a different manner to those of any Mantis he had

seen. He also suggested that the large vacant space existing between the

egg mass and the outside of the capsule would probably be protective

against parasitic insects.

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited specimens of Pachylarthrus smaragdinus,

Curt., bred on December Ist from the pupa of Acidia heraclet, Linn.—the

celery fly.

( se)

Mr. Billups also exhibited specimens of three Tenthredinide, and made

the following remarks thereon :—

Pacilosoma Fletcheri, Cam., taken at Chertsey, May, 1882. Of this

species there are only two recorded captures, one by Dr. Sharp from

Braemar, and the other by Mr. Cameron at Rannoch.

Tenthredopsis inornata, Cam. This apparently rare species is only

recorded as being taken once, by Mr. Bishopton, on birch, in June, at

Rannoch. I have met with it several times: one male taken at Chertsey

in May, 1882; one female at Headley Lane, June, this season; and two

in my own garden at Peckham. I think it not unlikely this species is

not so rare as Mr. Cameron imagines, but may possibly be mixed up in

collections with some of the other yellow forms of Tenthredopsis, such as

T. nassata, Linn., or 7’. dorsivittata, Cam., which it closely resembles.

Tenthredo Lachlaniana, Cam. This is, I believe, the first recorded

female taken this side of the border, and Mr. Cameron only records its

capture twice in Scotland,—once by Dr. Sharp at Rannoch, and once by

himself at Braemar,—although he once found a male near Gloucester.

My specimen is from Headley Lane, May, 1883.*

Mr. E. Saunders exhibited four specimens of Athous difformis, Lac.,

captured at Hastings this season by Mr. Collett.

Mr. Saunders also exhibited, on behalf of Mr. G. S. Saunders, an

apparatus for showing microscopic objects, made by Baker of Holborn. It

had a terminal milled wheel which would turn the object laterally, and had

a peg running through the axis of the wheel which would by pressure turn

the object longitudinally.

Mr. E. A. Fitch remarked that Prioenemis Pascoei, Kirby (Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 200; fig. Waterhouse’s ‘ Aid,’ pl. 187, fig. 7), is a

variety of Ichneumon lotatorius, Fabr. (Ent. Syst., ii., 141). He had com-

pared the type specimen of Mr. Kirby’s species with the type of Fabricius’

I. lotatarius from New Zealand, still in the Banksian cabinet, and with

seven other specimens, also from New Zealand, in the National Collection,

and had no doubt of their identity, although the species was somewhat

variable.

The Secretary read a communication from Prof. Thiselton Dyer, of the

Royal Gardens, Kew, with reference to the supposed occurrence of Phyl-

lowera vastatria upon vines in the colony of Victoria ; also a communication

from the Premier’s Office, Melbourne, enclosed, and exhibited two bottles

containing specimens of vine-roots therewith transmitted.

Mr. L. de Nicéville communicated a ‘‘ Note on the Papilio polydecta of

Cramer,” having reference to the correct identification of Cramer’s species.

He pointed out that Mycalesis polydecta, Butler (Ann. Mag., Nat. Hist. (3),

* [There is a specimen from Munich in the British Museum.—W. F, K.]

( xxxvn )

xx., 402), and the varieties of M. polydecta, as identified by Mr. Moore (see

Butt. of India, p. 119), are but local varieties of M. mineus, Linn., as

pointed out by Mr. Distant in ‘ Rhopalocera Malayana,’ p. 51.

Papers read.

Mr. W. H. Miskin communicated “ Descriptions of new Australian

Rhopalocera,” comprising a Delias, an Atella, a Hypochrysops, a Pseudo-

dipsas, and a Deudoriv. Also a “ Note on Tachyris melania of Fabricius,”

holding that 7. Clementina, Felder, is the male of Fabricius’ species, whose

type is a female. Mr. Miskin possessed specimens of the sexes, captured

together at Cape York.

Mr. EK. Meyrick read a memoir ‘On the classification of Australian

Pyralidina.” The families H'pipaschiade and Pyralidide were divided into

fifteen genera, including twenty-four species; two of the genera (Aglossa

and Asopia) were supposed to be introduced from Kurope, and nine others

to be endemic. Mr. Meyrick supposed that A. cuprealis, Hiib., had been

introduced from Europe with wheat, in the same way that Sitotroga

cerealella, Oliv., had been introduced from America with maize. In reply

to the Chairman, who stated that he had only taken A. cuprealis at sugar

on oak-trunks, Mr. Meyrick said that he had not bred A. cuprealis.

Mr. G. T. Porritt remarked that he had larve of this species now

feeding on stable refuse, straw, &c., and that they had continued feeding

for the last eighteen months, as had some in Mr. Buckler’s possession.

Mr. E. A. Fitch said he had taken A. cuprealis in numbers on the

inside walls of a thatched stable in Suffolk.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

Part IV. of the ‘Transactions’ for 1883 was on the table.

ANNUAL MEETING,

January 16, 1884.

J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &c., President, in the chair.

An abstract of the Treasurer’s accounts for 1883 was read by Mr. J.

Jenner Weir, one of the Auditors.

The Secretary read the following :—

Report OF THE CouNnciIL FoR 18838.

In accordance with the Bye-Laws, the Council begs to present the

following Report :—

During the year 1883 the Society has elected seventeen new Members

. G

( Sexy 4)

and one Subscriber; it has lost four Members by death (Messrs. B. Cooke,

W. A. Forbes, P. H. Harper, and E. Sheppard), and three by resignation.

To the regret of all entomologists, two names which have long graced

our list of Honorary Members must be erased. Professor P. C. Zeller,

who was elected an Honorary Member as long ago as 7th May, 1849, died

suddenly at his resideuce near Stettin on March 27th last, and Dr. John L.

Leconte, elected an Honorary Member on April 6th, 1863, died at Phila-

delphia on November 15th. ‘To fill the vacancies thus created two names

will be submitted to you at an early meeting.

‘he way in which the proposal that Professor Westwood should be made

Honorary President for life was received is known to you all. This act

formed a fitting celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of our foundation.

The Transactions for the year (exclusive of the Proceedings) form

a volume of 448 pages, containing twenty-two memoirs contributed by

eighteen authors; they are illustrated with twenty-one plates, two of which

are coloured. The members have to thank Mr. Lewis for presenting the

map and two plates (xiii. and xiv.) which appeared in part iii., and the

Rev. H. 8. Gorham for defraying the cost of colouring plate xvii.

The fifty-six pages of Proceedings contain many interesting records,

but it is still to be regretted that the Members generally do uot more

frequently bring exhibitions to the meetings, both to give and often to

receive information. It is likely that the commodious and handsome

new meeting-room will attract a larger attendance; this has already been

visible during the latter part of the past year, and it is to be hoped that

Members will individually endeavour to make the monthly meetings more

interesting to everyone.

The following is an abstract of the Treasurer’s accounts :—

RECEIPTS. PAYMENTS.

Balance in hand - . - £1, Rent, Office, and aii £118

Contributions of Members - 260 Expenses - :

Sale of Publications - - 103 Publications - - - 256

Interest on Consols : - 9 | Library - - - : : he

Donations . - = o 60

£438 £429

It thus again happens that owing to the amount received in

donations the payments are covered by the receipts, leaving a small

balance in hand.

The Library has been increased during the year by the usual serials

and a few other purchases, and by many donations from members and

others ; a special vote of thanks has been accorded to our President for his

munificent gift of a complete set of the Annals and Magazine of Natural

C (eee) *)

History as far as published, to Vol. XII. of the 5th Series; in all ninety-

two volumes.

The Library has been more frequently consulted, and more volumes

have been borrowed than could have been expected, considering the incon-

veniences occasioned by the alterations and the inaccessibility of many of

the books.

The Bye-Laws have been revised to the following effect :—that no

more Annual Subscribers or Corresponding Members shall be elected ;

that every contributing Member upon payment of the subscription shall

be entitled to the volume of the Transactions for the year as published ;

and that no Member shall be elected into the Council or as an officer

unless previously nominated.

We have changed our rooms, but not their locality. The Medical

Society have greatly enlarged and partially rebuilt their premises, and in

the general improvements made we have participated; our new Library is

a larger, better-lighted, and more convenient room than previously, and the

new meeting-room must have been very favourably compared with the old

by us all. As last year, the special thanks of the Society are again due to

Mr. Grut and Mr. Poole for discharging the extra labours cast upon them

by the removal and in the re-arrangement of the new rooms. These

alterations have necessitated the purchase of new cupboards to contain our

large stock of Transactions, but the annual charges on the Society will be

the same as heretofore. Three Life-compositions received during the year

have been expended upon the Library.

To give Members an opportunity of becoming better acquainted with

the earlier volumes of our Transactions, and with a view to reduce our

stock, the Council has thought well to reduce the price to Members of the

volumes published previously to 1878, the first series (of which only a few

copies of the first four volumes remain in stock) excepted. It is hoped that

advantage will be taken of this reduction.

The work done by the Society in the fiftieth year of its existence com-

pares favourably with that of any other, and it is to be hoped that present

members will use their best efforts to support the Society, to secure

additions to our Library, to the list of Members, and to the general fund of

entomological knowledge, that all may participate in the good work done.

11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square,

16th January, 1884.

No Members having been proposed other than those recommended by

the Council, the following were declared to be the Members of Council for

1884 :—T. R. Billups, J. W. Dunning, E. A. Fitch, F’. Grut, W. F. Kirby,

G. Lewis, R. M‘Lachlan, J. W. May, R. Meldola, F'. P. Pascoe, E. Saunders,

Sir 8. S. Saunders, J. W. Slater.

(2a)

The following officers were declared to be re-elected :—President, J. W.

Dunning, M.A., F.L.S., &.; Treasurer, EK. Saunders, F.L.S. ; Secretaries,

EK. A. Fitch, F.L.S., and W. F. Kirby; Librarian, F. Grut, F.L.S.

The President then delivered an address, at the conclusion of which

Mr. H. T. Stainton proposed a cordial vote of thanks to Mr. Dunning for

his services as President during the year, and requested that he would

allow his address to be printed with the ‘ Proceedings.’ The proposal was

seconded by the Rev. H. 8. Gorham, and carried unanimously.

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan proposed a vote of thanks to the Secretaries,

Librarian, and Treasurer, which was seconded by Mr. J. W. Slater, and

carried unanimously.

Messrs. Saunders, Fitch, and Grut made some remarks in acknow-

ledgment.

ABSTRACT OF RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS FOR. 1883.

Receipts. Payments.

Cesar. G84:

To Balance, 1 Jan. 1883 - 0418 9{By Rent, Salary of Sub-

Subscriptions, 1883 - > yeti 0 Librarian, and Office} 160 10 6

Arrears” - - : er aLROIAR FO Expenses z -

Admission Fees : Spe) 1 SiO Printing, ve. - ; -179 2 7

Gegeckidioss -’. ] etre Colouring, Plates, &e. = 1.76; ileae

Steisanions’ - : 102 15 Books, Binding, &e. = 13 fA a6

Donations - - > HGOMRa0

Dividend on £313 4s. 8d.- 9 2 10 Balance = Z =~ J St9) a9

£433 8 6 £433 8 6

avAB Tb DE Bis.

(None.)

ASSETS.

£8. d

Balance” - - - - - 319 9

Subscriptions due, considered good - =. 6, 6ea@

Consols, £313 4s. 8d. - . - - (cost) 293 4 O

£303, 9 9

J. JENNER WEIR.

J. W. SLATER.

R. M‘LacHian.

Gero. C. CHAMPION.

Audited and found correct.

January Ith, 1884.

THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

Our Jubilee has come and gone, and if we have not made the .

trumpet of the jubilee to sound throughout all the land, it is

because, in disregarding the ancient command, “ Ye shall not

sow, neither reap, nor gather the grapes in it,’’ we recognise a

more perfect way of hallowing the fiftieth year, by quietly

continuing our labours. There is no sabbatical year for Science;

no year of rest for its votaries.

The full Report of the Council renders it unnecessary for me

to refer to many of our internal affairs. The recent building

alterations necessarily caused inconvenience during their pro-

gress, but the result has been to give us the use of this admirable

Meeting Room, whilst our Library accommodation has been both

increased and improved. The removal and re-arrangement of

the Library have thrown much additional work upon the

Librarian’s shoulders; and as the mouthpiece of the Society I

beg to offer our hearty thanks to Mr. Grut for his invaluable

services. But that I know there is no limit to the labour he is

willing to undertake, or the time he places at our disposal, I

should hesitate to remind you that the next thing to be done is,

to compile a new Catalogue of the Library, and then to print it.

We have lost, by death, six of our colleagues :—

Bengamin Cooks, a well-known Lancashire entomologist, was

born the 16th September, 1816, and died suddenly at Southport

on the 4th February, 1883. He was for several years President

of the Northern Entomological Society, afterwards Vice-President

of the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society, and for

the last eighteen years he had been one of our Members, though

I cannot recall an instance of his having attended any of our

meetings. His published writings are few; too few, for he was

( xiii )

a careful observer, and full of information. His best known

paper, on the Classification of Insects, was printed in ‘ The

Zoologist’ for 1858 (see pp. 5951, 6079); he returned to the

subject in 1882, in a paper read before the Lancashire and

Cheshire Society ; and in the ‘ Proceedings’ of the same body he

had recently published a Catalogue of the Hymenoptera and

Diptera of those counties.

Witiiam ALEXANDER Forses was born at Cheltenham on the

24th June, 1855; after going through the usual course at

Winchester, and studying for a time in Germany and in

Edinburgh, he went to Cambridge, took a first class in the

Natural Sciences Tripos, obtaining special distinction in Zoology

and Comparative Anatomy, and was elected to a Fellowship at

St. John’s College. Shortly afterwards he was appointed Pro-

sector to the Zoological Society of London, and from that time

his attention was diverted from Entomology to Comparative

Anatomy, particularly of birds. In 1880 and 1881 he visited

South and North America; and in July, 1882, he left England

for a scientific journey into Africa, but died from dysentery at.

Shonga, on the Niger, on the 14th January, 1883. His early

death is a great loss to zoological science, to which he had

already made important contributions, and his scientific papers

will shortly be published in the form of a memorial volume

under the auspices of a Committee of the Zoological Club.

Puinre Henry Harper, F.R.C.S8., died at his residence in

Cambridge Street, Hyde Park, on the 29th November, 1883, at

the age of sixty-one years. He had been a member of our

Society for nearly twenty years, though he seldom attended our

meetings. He was an ardent collector of British Lepidoptera,

and his cabinet was rich in varieties and aberrant forms. I am

not aware that he ever published anything entomological.

Epwarp SHEPPARD died at his residence in Durham Villas,

Kensington, on the 8th September, 1883, in his sixty-eighth

year; he had only two months before retired from the office of

Collector of Customs for the Port of London. Formerly he

studied Coleoptera, especially the Chrysomelide and LHrotylide ;

and though of late years his entomological ardour relaxed, his

presence at our gatherings, commencing in 1852, was continued

to the last. His geniality and kindly disposition will long be

remembered amongst us.

( ami ;)

Jonn Lawrence Leconte was born in New York on the 13th

May, 1825,* his father (himself an entomologist) being a Major

in the Army of the United States. He was educated at St. Mary’s

College, Maryland, and in 1846 passed the College of Physicians

and Surgeons in New York. In 1852 the family removed to

Philadelphia. During the Civil War he entered the Army

Medical Corps as Surgeon of Volunteers, and was promoted to

the grade of Medical Inspector with the rank of Lieutenant-

Colonel, in which capacity he served until after the close of the

war in 1865. Latterly he held an appointment in the Mint at

Philadelphia. In 1868 he was elected an Honorary Member of

this Society. He was President of the American Association for

the Advancement of Science in 1874, and at the time of his

death he was President of the American Entomological Society.

Some few years ago (1869—72) Dr. Leconte paid a long visit to

Europe, and was well known to most of our leading Coleopterists.

His earliest papers date from 1844, and in his time he charac-

terised some 500 genera and 5000 species of North American

Coleoptera; but he was not a mere species-maker or describer,

it was as a writer on the classification of the Order that he

won his fame. His published papers, nearly two hundred in

number, and nearly all on American Coleoptera, are scattered

over the publications of the Natural History Societies of Phila-

delphia, Boston, and New York, the American Association for

the Advancement of Science, the American Philosophical Society,

the Smithsonian Institution, the Transactions of the American

Entomological Society, and the Canadian Entomologist. <A few

notes of his will be found in our own ‘Annals and Magazine of

Natural History’; and a paper ‘“‘On Platypsyllide, a new Family

of Coleoptera” appeared in the Proceedings of the Zoological

Society of London for 1872 (p. 799). In 1859 he edited the

entomological works of Thomas Say; and but a few months

before his death, in conjunction with Dr. Horn, he published a

‘Classification of the Coleoptera of North America,’ being an

amplification and completion of the work originally produced in

1861—2, and which may be taken to exhibit the mature views of

* This date is said to be doubtful. Dr. Sharp states (Ent. Mo. Mag. xx.

192) that Leconte at his death was about sixty-six years of age. But Dr.

Horn gives the date as above (‘Science,’ ii. 783).

(* iv.)

Leconte, the results of his forty years’ study of that group. He

was emphatically the authority on American Coleoptera; and

his death, which occurred on the 15th November, 1883, leaves a

blank which his countrymen will find it difficult to fill. His

collection will have a fitting resting-place in the Museum at

Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Puinrpp CuristopH ZELLER was born at Steinheim-on-the-

Murr, in Wurtemberg, on the 9th April, 1808, but in his infancy

he was taken to Frankfort-on-the-Oder, where in very early

youth he appears to have acquired a love for Lepidoptera; at

the age of fifteen he began to keep a lepidopterological journal,

but it was not until he went to the University of Berlin that he

had any instruction in Natural History. Having graduated at

Berlin, he returned to Frankfort-on-the-Oder in 1830, and began

to devote his leisure to Botany and Entomology, his chief

attention being at this time given to Coleoptera and Diptera, to

the writers on which Orders, and especially to the dipterologist

Meigen, Zeller was wont to attribute any benefit which he derived

from the study of other entomological authors. But in 1833 he

made the acquaintance of Fischer von Réslerstamm, and resumed

the Lepidoptera as his favourite group. Having married, and

adopted tuition as his profession, we find him in 1835 Oberlehrer

at the Town School of Gross-Glogau, in Silesia, and in 1852 his

educational services were specially recognised by the King of

Prussia conferring upon him the title of Professor; in 1860 he

removed to Meseritz, in Posen, where he continued his professorial

duties until 1866, when he retired on a government pension;

from 1869 till his death he lived near Stettin, and died suddenly

at Grunhof on the 27th March, 1883. His collection has been

purchased by Lord Walsingham.

The editor of Oken’s ‘Isis’ had offered a prize for the best essay

on the determination of the Lepidoptera mentioned in Réaumur’s

‘Mémoires’; and the prize was awarded to Zeller, whose “‘Kritische

Bestimmung der in Réaumur’s Memoiren vorkommenden Lepi-

dopteren”’ was published in the ‘Isis’ for 1838; and in the volume

of the same work for the following year appeared the ‘‘ Versuch

einer naturgemissen Hintheilung der Schaben,”’ which by its

masterly treatment of the Crambina and Tineina at once stamped

its author as a man of mark. His contributions to the ‘Isis’ con-

tinued until the cessation of that publication in the troublous days

( ae)

of 1848. In the meantime the Entomological Society of Stettin

had been founded, and from 1840 onwards Zeller was a constant

writer in the ‘ Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung’; in 1846 the

same society commenced the publication of the ‘ Linnea Ento-

mologica,’ and the first volume of this contained the monographs

of Lithocolletis and Eudorea, which may be said to have introduced

Zeller to the knowledge of English entomologists. (How well

I remember that, at the suggestion of Mr. Stainton, my

immediate predecessor in this chair, I procured the volume ;

and how well I recollect that—a schoolboy at the time, and with

the kindly aid of Mr. Peter Inchbald, happily still one of our

Life Members—I received out of the ‘ Linnea’ my first lessons

alike in German and in Micro-Lepidopterology! From that day

to this I have had an affection for Lithocolletis that I never had

for any other genus. But pardon this digression!) The suc-

cessive volumes of the ‘Linnza’ down to 1855 contained other

memoirs from Zeller’s pen, the last being an elaborate treatise

on the genus Butalis. In the same year was commenced the

quadrilingual ‘Natural History of the Tineina’ (13 vols.,

1855—73), the German and Latin letterpress of which were

translated by Zeller from the English, and no one more readily

than Mr. Stainton will acknowledge the value of his collaboration.

In 1868 he wrote the Monograph of the Chilonide and Crambide;

and in 1867 appeared two short papers, one on the Crambina,

Pterophorina and Alucitina collected in Palestine, and the other

on the Choreutide and Crambina collected in Egypt, by the Rev.

O. P. Cambridge, being the only papers of Zeller’s which were

published in our own Transactions (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

8rd series, vol. v., pp. 453, 461). In 1872, 1878, and 1875 the

‘“‘Beitrige zur Kenntniss der nordamericanischen Nachtfalter,

besonders der Microlepidopteren”’ appeared in the Verhand-

lungen der k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesellschaft in Wien; and in 1877

and 1881 some valuable papers on Exotic Micro-Lepidoptera

were published in the Hore Soc. Entom. Rossice. Meanwhile

his contributions to the Stettin Zeitung continued uniniter-

ruptedly, the duties of Librarian to the Stettin Society were

congenial to his tastes, and his very last act was to correct a

proof-sheet of the Zeitung: the ink was scarcely dry when he

was found dead on his study floor.

Thus died in harness one whose long and peaceful but active

( ah )

life was wholly given to science. He was chosen an Honorary

Member of our body in 1849; three years later he came to

England, and, though he never repeated the visit, his name has

been a household word, and he was, as it were, a living presence

amongst us. He published a few papers on Diptera between

1840 and 1847, but it is as a lepidopterist that his fame will live.

‘Prof. Zeller is the father of the present race of Micro-

lepidopterists ; Micro-Lepidopterology as now pursued may be

said to date from the appearance in the ‘Isis’ of 1839 of the

Attempt at a natural arrangement of the smaller moths.” Thus

was it written a quarter of a century ago; now that he has gone,

the encomium may be repeated, and we can speak of him with

greater warmth than was permissible of a living author.

Venerable in appearance, courteous, gentle and charitable,

tolerant of the views and indulgent to the failings of others,

learned yet no pedant, an enthusiast in his favourite pursuit, as

every man ought to be, he was devoted to science for science’

sake. Careful and discriminating in his observations, accurate,

lucid and precise in his language and descriptions, his writings

are models for imitation. He was emphatically a professor and

a naturalist, a typical German, of the best Teutonic type. If

he was old-fashioned in his views, it must be remembered that

he belonged to an ante-Darwinian age; it was his misfortune,

rather than his fault, that he was born too soon for the modern

biological theories, or for the full appreciation of what, in the

words of the poet-peer, may be called ‘‘ the fairy tales of Science

and the long results of Time.’”’ But when all is said, we have lost

in Zeller a gentleman and a scholar, who well earned the dis-

tinction of a Past Grand Master of Entomology.

There are now two vacancies in our Honorary List. And I

invite the suggestion of names worthy to replace those of the

American coleopterist and the German lepidopterist, whose name

and fame will live, but to whom as colleagues nothing remains

for us but to say Farewell.

Extending our gaze beyond the narrow circle of ourselves, we

have also to regret the death of the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe, so

well known for his intimate acquaintance with the British

Eupithecie ; of Wiuu1am Bucxumr, the artistic delineator of the

larve and writer of life-histories of so many of our indigenous

( xiv)

Lepidoptera ;* of Vincent T. Campers, the American lepi-

dopterist ; of Prof. Townenp Guover, Entomologist of the

Department of Agriculture at Washington; of Oberforstmeister

TiscuBE, the German hymenopterist; of Gustav Fior, Professor

of Zoology at Dorpat, and author of the ‘Rhynchoten Livlands’

(1860—61); of Oswaup Herr, Professor of Natural History at Zi-

rich, author of the ‘Fauna Coleopterorum Helvetica’ (1838—42),

and numerous papers on fossil insects; of Dr. Wiuartm Carn

Hartwie Perers, Director of the Zoological Museum at Berlin,

author of the ‘ Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique ’

(vol. 2, Insecta and Myriopoda, 1862); and of Dr. Hermann

Muxurr, of Lippstadt, whose investigations on the fertilization

of flowers by insect-agency opened a new field and presented new

charms to entomologists. Originally published at Leipsic in 1878,

‘Die Befruchtung der Blumen durch Insekten und die gegenseitigen

Anpassungen beider; ein Beitrag zur Erkenntniss des ursiichlichen

Zusammenhanges in der organischen Natur’ has recently appeared

in English, prefaced by one of Charles Darwin’s latest writings :—

“‘ Any young observer who, after reading the whole or part of

the present work, will look, for instance, at the flower of a Salvia,

or of some papilionaceous or fumariaceous plant, or at one of our

common Orchids, will be delighted at the perfection of the

adaptations by which insects are forced, unconsciously on their

part, to carry pollen from the stamens of one plant to the stigma

of another. Design in Nature has for a long time deeply inte-

rested many men, and though the subject must now be looked at

from a somewhat different point of view to what was formerly

the case, it is not thus rendered the less interesting.” And then

he goes on to indicate how much there is yet to be added to the

work already done, fresh work which ‘‘will occur in abundance

to any young and ardent observer who will study Miuller’s volume |

and then observe for himself, giving full play to his imagination,

but rigidly checking it by testing each notion experimentally. If

he will act in this manner, he will, if I may judge from my own

experience, receive so much pleasure from his work that he will

* Mr. Buckler died on the 9th January, 1884, at the age of sixty-nine

years; a description by him of the larva of Apamea fibrosa appeared in the

January number of the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine’ (vol. xx., p.176).

He leaves behind him a long series of drawings of larve, &c., which are

simply magnificent and unrivalled,

(( xvii)

ever afterwards feel grateful to both the author and translator of

the ‘ Befruchtung der Blumen.’ ”’

His death, after three days’ illness and at a comparatively

early age, has been a sad loss to his family; and a Committee

has been formed, including some of the best known biologists of

Germany, to raise a fund the annual proceeds of which will be

given to his widow for life, and on her death shall form a prize

fund, to bear Hermann Miller’s name, in connexion with the

Public School of Lippstadt.

Of the eighteen authors who have written the twenty-two

memoirs of varied interest which constitute our annual volume

of ‘Transactions,’ I am glad to say that four are new con-

tributors. The papers are distributed amongst the Orders of

insects as follows :—nine on Coleoptera, eight on Hymenoptera,

four on Lepidoptera, and one on Hemiptera. Three only relate

to British Entomology, and all these to the Hymenoptera. The

splendid collections brought home by Mr. George Lewis have

given an impetus to the study of the insect fauna of Japan; and

the papers of Messrs. Bates, Sharp, Lewis, and Gorham on the

Coleoptera, and of Mr. Distant on the Rhynchota, make Japanese

Entomology one of the leading features of our volume for 1883.

In addition to this, the Proceedings of the Zoological Society

and the Journal of the Linnean Society contain nearly a score

of entomological papers, most of which are by members of this

Society, whilst our colleague Mr. P. H. Gosse has monopolised

a whole part of the Linnean Transactions with his memoir

‘On the clasping-organs ancillary to generation in certain

groups of the Lepidoptera.” The author describes and figures

in detail the armature of sixty-nine species of Ornithoptera and

Papilio; and in a note at the end he adds, that at the time of

going to press he had in MS. descriptions with drawings of the

venitalia of fifty-six additional species belonging to the genera

Ornithoptera, Papilio, Teinopalpus, Sericinus, and Leptocircus.

‘Nothing (says Mr. Gosse) unless it be the exquisite beauty

of the workmanship, is so astounding as the variety in form and

detail presented by these hidden instruments. Out of the

number that I have examined, I have not found any two species

whose apparatus is alike, or even so nearly alike that a moment’s

observation is not sufficient to show the difference.” .......

( ixhe )

“It might seem that*by the aid of organs so uniformly present,

so easily examined, and so varied in different species while

constant in the same, great facilities must be afforded for

the determination of specific identity and limitation. Yet, in

practice, I fear this cannot be carried out, without severing

species which otherwise seem most closely allied, and linking

others which have little else in common. Look, for instance,

at the three African species, Papilio Bromius, P. Nireus, and

P. Phorcas; how consimilar are these in their forms, colours,

and markings! yet how diverse in their whole prehensile

apparatus! The shape of the valve, its fringing; the shape of

the harpe, its armature; the uncus; the teeth of the scaphium ;

and finally the penis ;—all these differ signally in one from their

conditions in the others. The like terms might be employed

concerning P. Demoleus and P. Hrithonius.”

“Tf it be asked, What is the definite purpose, in the economy

of the creature, of this extreme variation? I am obliged to

answer, I do not know. ‘That, viewed in the large, the object

of all these organs that crowd around the termination of the

male abdomen is the firm grasp and sustained retention of

the female abdomen, in the delicate and most essentially im-

portant function of reproduction, is sufficiently evident. But

why the diversity of detail? Why would not one good and

adequate form suffice, again, and again, and again, subject to no

more variation than are the antenne, for example, or the tarsi?

It naturally occurred to me, very early in these researches, that

every peculiarity in the prehensile organs of the male would

have a corresponding peculiarity in that part of the female body

which they were formed to grasp: and I eagerly turned to the

examination of the female abdomen. But the repeated search

left, and still leaves, my question—cui bono ?—without an

answer.”

The question may be asked, says Mr. Gosse, ‘‘ What homology

(or analogy ?) exists between the organs herein described by me

and those of the Trichoptera described by Mr. M‘Lachlan. I have

examined every figure in his great work, and confess that I know

not how to institute any satisfactory comparison with those parts

in Papilio. It is just possible that the ‘dorsal process,’ in such

forms as Rhyacophila, may be equivalent to my ‘uncus’; but of

‘scaphium’ I see not a trace. Possibly, too, the ‘inferior

appendages,’ so largely developed in the same genus, may

represent the ‘valves’; but the resemblance is most evanescent.

The penis seems formed on a plan wholly different.”

A propos of the question, whether Acentropus belongs to the

Lepidoptera or the Trichoptera, it is interesting to me to find

_that, referring to Mr. M‘Lachlan’s paper ‘‘On the external sexual

apparatus of the males of the genus Acentropus” (Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond., 1872, p.157), Mr. Gosse says, ‘‘ Looking at his figures,

I should have been inclined to say, if I had not been told, that

they represented the parts of some Papilio or Pieris.”

The memoir closes with these words—‘‘ Entomologists could

scarcely render me a kinder or more grateful service than by

sending me examples of male Papiliones, however torn in the

wings, or even the separated abdomens if duly authenticated, of

which they may possess worthless duplicates.’’ I quote this in

the hope that some of my hearers may be able to render this

kind and grateful service to our distinguised colleague, and

thereby aid him in the completion of the task upon which he

has entered with such enthusiasm.

But Mr. Gosse is not the only one of our members who has

monopolised a part of the Linnean Transactions; a whole

volume is to be devoted to the Rev. Mr. Katon’s ‘ Revisional

Monograph of recent Ephemeride or Mayflies,” the first portion

of which, with twenty-four plates of details, appeared as the year

expired. Thirteen years have elapsed since Mr. Katon’s former

“Monograph on the Ephemeride” was published (Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond., 1871, p. 1), and though many points in the classification

which were formerly doubtful have now been elucidated, the

additional knowledge gained since 1871 has not necessitated any

material departure from the sequence of the genera, or disturbed

the scheme as a whole. The memoir when complete will eclipse

all that has been hitherto written on this group, and form a clear

resting-place in the history of the Mayflies, behind which few

will care or need to grope.

Entomologists owe a fresh debt of gratitude to the Ray

Society for the publication of Mr. Buckton’s ‘‘ Monograph of the

British Aphides,” with its 144 plates, all drawn and lithographed

by the author himself, the fourth and concluding volume of

which appeared in 1888. Dividing the Aphidide into six tribes,

containing thirty genera, the author has described and figured

con}

182 species ; the volume now under consideration including part

of the Pemphigine, the Chermesine, and the Rhizobiine. There

is also a chapter on Aphides in their economical relations to

Ants; elaborate treatises on the reproduction of Aphides, and on

their biology and morphology; notes on the antiquity of the

Hemiptera, particularly with regard to Aphides as represented in

the sedimentary rocks and in amber ; observations on the natural

and artificial checks to the increase of the creatures, on the

mounting of specimens for the microscope and preservation for

the museum; and lastly a bibliographical list of authors who

have treated of the life-history or anatomy of the group.

According to M. Lichtenstein, the evolution of plant-lice is

entirely different from the common metamorphosis of other

insects, and may be compared to the growth ofa plant. The

egg does not produce a male or female insect, but an agamous

form, which by a sort of budding process reproduces numbers of

individuals which are able to continue this budding reproduction

for a more or less prolonged period, until there arrives a time at

which the produce of these gemmations no longer consists of

agamic, but of sexuate insects, male and female, which last lays

the fecundated egg and gives origin to a new series of beings.

M. Lichtenstein proposes for the agamous.forms the name of

Pseudogyna; and considering them to be only transitory or

larval forms, he calls the four stages preceding the appearance

of the sexed insects pseudogyna fundatrix, migrans, gemmans, and

pupifera—fundatrix, the foundress of the colony, the first form

issuing from the fecundated egg, the form which generally causes

the galls in those species which produce galls; migrans, the

second or winged form which flies away from its birthplace ;

gemmans, the third form of budding reproduction, without access

of the male; and pupifera, the fourth form, which produces the

sexed insects.

M. Lichtenstein’s terms are not happily chosen ; it is startling

enough to talk of the winged migrant form as a larva, but it is

confusing, or worse, to speak of another form of pseudogyne as

carrying a pupa inside her, and describe her as laying pupa,

not eggs. Yet this is M. Lichtenstein’s view; for he avows

that by the word ‘‘pupifera” he wished to establish that it is not

an egg, but a true pupa or chrysalis, that is produced by his

fourth form—a view which is controverted by Balbiani, Riley,

( ie)

and Buckton alike. I regret that Mr. Buckton has adopted

M. Lichtenstein’s names at all, even though he has been careful

to explain that where he has used the words ‘“‘ emigrant” and

‘“‘nupifer”’ he has done so simply for the purpose of distinguishing

the first alate brood, which wanders from one tree to another of

the same kind, from the second alate brood, which generally

produces the true sexes. Of the sexuate forms, the females

seem always to be apterous, whilst the males occur with or

without wings, even in the same species.

Amongst the tribe Chermesine, Mr. Buckton retains Phyl-

loxera,* a genus founded by Boyer de Fonscolombe for the

reception of Aphis quercus, a species indigenous to Britain, and

now notorious by reason of the devastation committed by the

vine-pest P. vastatrix, which is included in the monograph as

having become naturalised in this country. MM. Lichtenstein

and Targioni-Tozzetti, however, propose to sever this group,

not only from the Chermesine, but from the Aphidide altogether ;

and it seems probable that future systematists will give the

Phylloxeride familiar rank. They are distinguished from all

Aphides by their three-jointed antenne; and not the least re-

markable of their peculiarities in the existence of aérial and sub-

terranean habits (the gallicola and radicicola of Riley) combined

in the same individual.

According to M. Lichtenstein, who has supplied Mr. Buckton

with an interesting ‘‘Summary on the genus Phylloxera,” the

eycle of life in P. vastatrix is as follows :—

There is but one generation in the year, thus—

1. The egg, deposited under the bark of the vine, in the

autumn.

2. The pseudogyna fundatrix, forming galls on the leaves, in

May and June.t

* The popular pronunciation Phylloxera is wrong: of course it should

be Phylloxera, the penultimate being long.

+ This gall-making form is the Peritymbia of Westwood, though Mr.

Buckton (Monog. Aphid. iv. 54) states that Prof. Westwood was only

acquainted with the root-living state; a mistake which is corrected by

M. Lichtenstein (7b. 69). Prof. Westwood’s communication to the Ashmolean

Society of Oxford, which was accompanied by highly magnified drawings of

the leaf-insect, was never published by that Society; but the substance of it

will be found in the ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle’ for 1869: see pp. 109, 689.

¢ ann ~)

3. The pseudogyna migrans, issuing from the galls and

descending to the roots, in July.

4. The pseudogyna gemmans, feeding on the large roots, in

August.

5. The pseudogyna pupifera, feeding on the small roots where

they form blebs or swellings. These insects pass into

nymphs, then issue from the soil and on the surface

develop wings, in September. They fly to the vines,

to deposit their eggs (pseudova, or, as Lichtenstein would

say, pupas) under the leaves or in the fissures of the

bark.

6. From these the sexed forms appear. After union, the

female goes under the bark, where she lays a single

egg, and dies in October.

Kach of the four pseudogynous or agamous stages is separated

from the following one by an egg-like quiescent state, so that the

pseudogynes, which in other Aphides are viviparous, are in the

Phylloxeridé oviparous.

The first stages of P. vastatrix are all wingless, the so-called

pupifer only being winged. This last form alone produces the

males and females, which are exceedingly small and absolutely

mouthless, living only for reproduction, the female laying her

ege about the fourth day after she is hatched. The foundress

punctures the leaves in such a manner that the swelling masses

close over and finally entomb her; the leaves become studded

with gall-like excrescences, each foundress forming a single gall,

within which she lays hundreds or even thousands of eggs: after

developing on the leaf and escaping from the gall, the young

Phylloxera descends into the ground and commences its sub-

terranean existence, attacking the roots of the vines and causing

swellings or tubercles thereon; so numerous are the creatures

that the roots when turned up often appear dusted with yellow

erains.

The first notice of the Vine-Aphis is by Asa Fitch in 1855

(the grape-leaf louse, Pemphigus vitifolii) in his ‘ First Report

on the Noxious, Beneficial and other Insects of the State of New

York’: it is not indigenous to Britain, but in 1863 it had been

introduced into England, and was named by Westwood Peritymbia

vitisana; shortly afterwards it invaded France, and has spread

(ie 4

over a large portion of the wine-growing districts of that country,

whilst Germany and Switzerland have not escaped. In America

the aérial form produces most injury ; but in Kurope the greatest

destruction has been caused by the subterranean form. The offer

of a prize of 300,000 francs has hitherto failed to discover a real

remedy for the evil, which was said in 1881 to have inflicted on

the French wine-growers alone a loss of three milliards of frances.

The area devoted to the growth of the vine in France has

diminished since 1873 by 350,000 hectares ; but the yield of the

vintage for 1883 amounted to over thirty-six millions of hecto-

litres, being the largest in France since 1878; and it is satis-

factory to learn that not only the Departments of the Loire, the

Var, the Bouches-du-Rhone, the Drome, the Ardeche, Lozére,

Hérault, and Ariege, but also the Vienne, and especially the

Gironde, are now more or less on the way to recovery from the

ravages of Phylloxera.

It will be remembered that in 1881 a Committee of this

Society was appointed to consider and report on the evidence

taken by the Legislative Assembly of Victoria as to the occurrence

of Phylloxera vastatriz in that colony (Proceedings, 1881, p. ix.).

The evidence was then deemed inconclusive (see the Report, ib.,

p- xi.),* and the Committee recommended that specimens of the

supposed Phylloxera, together with young rootlets of vines sup-

posed to be attacked, should be forwarded to the Society for

examination. This suggestion has been acted upon by the

Victorian Minister of Agriculture, and some vine-roots have been

sent for inspection, accompanied by a letter from the Premier,

dated Melbourne, 24th September, 1883, in which he states

“that all vines supposed to be infected with the disease in

question have been dug up and destroyed, and the samples now

forwarded are roots not removed from the ground at the time of

digging out the vines. The insects now forwarded are in the

first stage of development after the egg. Specimens of a further

stage (obtainable in December or January) will be forwarded

* Mr. Buckton (Mon. Aphid. iv. 53, 56) speaks of the appearance of

Phylloxera at the Cape of Good Hope, and in Australia; as to the latter,

this is unfortunately verified; but as to the Cape Colony, is there any evi-

dence of its occurrence there? In 1881 asum of £25,000 was contributed by

the Authorities of New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia, to be

employed in the extermination of the insect.

C a}

later on.” Sir Joseph Hooker transmitted the vine-roots to this

Society, and they have been examined by the Committee, who

will report thereon, probably to our next Meeting. By the

courtesy of Messrs. M‘Lachlan and Fitch, I am able to announce

the result ; all doubt has been removed, the Phylloxera having

been unmistakeably found on the roots in considerable numbers,

most of them being very small, but a few being more than half-

grown.

Messrs. Godman and Salvin’s splendid work, ‘ Biologia

Centrali-Americana,’ has continued to appear with commendable

regularity, the 27th zoological part having been published in

December. ‘The entomological portion already comprises large

instalments of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Rhynchota, and a

beginning has been made of the Hymenoptera. As Mr. Champion

alone obtained about 15,000 species of insects during his four

years’ residence in Central America, there will be no lack of

material, whilst the execution of the work leaves nothing to be

desired.

Miss E. A. Ormerod continues her useful labours in collecting

information about noxious insects, and disseminating it amongst

agriculturists and others, to whom it may be practically service-

able.

Time does not permit me to notice the numerous valuable

contributions to Science that have appeared in the entomological

magazines. But I have said enough to show that the year 1883

has been one of healthy activity on the part of our Members,

whose aggregate activity is the measure of the Society’s vitality.

We have entered on our second half-century with the steady pace

and vigorous tread of men who refuse to retreat. There is work

for the Society to do, and we mean to do it.

I congratulate you upon the smooth working of the new

machinery for the election of your Council and Officers. No

notice of any other name having been sent to the Secretaries

before the end of last month, as required by the revised Bye-Laws,

the candidates for office have been relieved from suspense, and no

ballot is required to-night. My duty is to declare that, by virtue

of Chapter 20, Section 5, the gentlemen named in the printed

lists that were circulated are the Council and Officers for 1884.

Cha a

For myself, I accept the position to which you have been

pleased to re-elect me with mingled gratitude and regret—with

regret that my qualifications for the office fall so far short of my

desires, with gratitude for your kindly recognition of my poor

endeavours to further the interests of the Society.

I beg to nominate, as my Vice-Presidents, Sir Sidney

Saunders, Mr. Pascoe, and Mr. Meldola.

[ND xX:

Note.—Where the name only of an Insect or Genus is mentioned,

the description will be found on the page referred to.

The Arabic Figures refer to the pages of the ‘ Transactions’; the Roman

Numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings.’

PAGE PAGE

GENERAL SUBJECTS ........ Ivii | HYMENOPTERA: ........0- lxv

COLEOPTERA ...2..0.56 Soon lgiits| aibatvreny\. Gooosoqoud ae lxx

TE TE RAG reletars eieve eis siels0 eter Ixiv) | NEWROPTERA «6:60 cecieiseies Ixx

FDGMIPTERAL sess ieeiacees | EXIV) || ORTHOPTERA/ «06 «0 afevelecere.s PURI

——————

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Annual Meeting, xxxvii.

Australian and South American genera, relationship between, 446, xxxiv.

Bye Laws, proposed alterations in, xi.

Caprification, alluded to, 389, xxxi.

Celery fly, destructiveness of, xxviii.

Classification of Tineina, 119; of Australian Pyralidina, xxxvii.

Coloration of lepidopterous pups, Xxiil.

Fertilisation of red clover in New Zealand, xxix.

Fig insects, 1, 29, 375, 383, v, xxxi.

Fungus on Juniper mistaken for dipterous gall, vi, xxii.

Gall on Juniperus, vi; on Pistacia, vi; on Viola, vi.

Hermaphrodite bee exhibited, xxv.

Honorary Life Presidency, xi.

Insect nests from Delagoa Bay, unknown, xxxy.

Insect-room in New Natural History Museum open, xxvi.

Japanese fauna, relations of the, 208, 291, 393, 414, xxxii.

Larval hairs, curious employment of, xxiv.

Leconte’s death, alluded to, xxxiv.

Lewis’, G., itinerary, 210.

‘‘ Louping-ill” or “trembling” in sheep, supposed to be caused by Ixodes

attacks, xviii.

(. dvi)

Microscopic object-holders described, iv, v, xxxvi.

Mimicry in a moth, ii.

New Zealand insect fauna, alluded to, xxix.

Origin of certain families of Tineina, 128.

Persecution of distasteful butterflies by birds, xxiii.

Potato-disease, supposed cause of, iv.

President’s Address at Jubilee Meeting, vii; at Annual Meeting, xli.

Section-cutting in the probosces of honey-feeding insects, method of, xix.

South American and Australian genera, relationship hetween, 446, xxxiv.

Special Meeting, xi.

Structure of prothoracic breathing-orifices in an Elater, iu.

Treasurer’s Account, xl.

Undifferentiated genera, cosmopolitan, 394, xxvi.

Westwood elected Honorary Life President, xi; address by, xiii.

Zeller’s death, alluded to, iv.

ARACHNIDA.

Atypus piceus, exhibited from Woking, xxx.

Ixodes sp., exhibited and remarked upon, xviii.—erinaceus, xviii,—

marginatus, xvili,—reduvius, xvili, alluded to.

Spider, parasite in egg-bags of, 143.

COLEOPTERA.

.Acetalius, 322. A. dubius, 322.

Acrops punctata, from Borneo, 179.

Acupalpus marginatus, from Japan, 241.

Aigognathus, 445. Al. waterhousei, 445.

Agus subnitidus, from Japan, 338.

Afsalus asiaticus, 340.

Allotriopus hoplites, 244.

Amara chalcites, 242,—obscuripes, 242,—striatella, 242,—zimmermanni,

242, from Japan.

Amphizoa, alluded to, 394.

Ancistria retusa, from Borneo, 181.

ogure, 258.—sculptipes, 257.—suavissimus, 257.—subovatus, from

Japan, 256.—westus, 256.

Ancyrona pryeri, 179.

Anisodactylus tricuspidatus, from Japan, 235.

Argutor microcephalus, alluded to, 250.

Athous difformis, exhibited, from Hastings, xxxvi.

Attagenus deflectus, redescribed, 185.

Aulacocyclus patalis, 341.

Batrisus, remarks upon, 302. B. acuminatus, 307.—angustus, alluded to,

305.—antennatus, from Japan, 321.—basicornis, 312.—caviceps,

308.—concolor, 310.—dissimilis, alluded to, 316.—euplectiformis,

303.—fallax, 318.—fissifrons, 311.—fragilis, 317.—gracilis, 315.—

( ae‘)

japonicus, 318.—longicornis, 304.—modestus, male described, 320.

—optatus, alluded to, 321.—ornatifrons, 313.—ornatus, alluded to,

312.—oscillator, 309.—palpalis, 306.—pedator, 319.—politus, 310.

—puncticollis, 316.—punctipennis, 305.—rugicollis, 313.—similis,

319; name changed to afinis, xxix.—solitarius, 314.—spinicollis,

304; name changed to armaticollis, xxix.—stipes, alluded to, 314.

—vestitus, 307.

Bembidium eneipes, 276.—amaurum, 272.—articulatum, from Japan, 269.

—aureofuscum, 270. — batesi, synonymous with niloticum, 269.— .

chloreum, from Japan, 275.—chloropus, 277.—cnemidotum, 273.—

cognatum, synonym of B. consentaneum, 208.—elongatum, alluded

to, 273.—eurygonum, 274,.—leucolenum, 275.—lucillum, 271.—

misellum, alluded to, 275.—nikkoense, 272.—niloticum, synonymous

with batesi, 269.—opulentum, synonymous with niloticwm, 269.—

oxyglymma, 273.—pediscum, 270.—pliculatum, 271.—pogonoides,

276.—sanatum, 274.—semiluitum, 275.—striatum, 277,—sturmii,

270, from Japan.—tetraporum, 270.—thermarum, synonym of B.

elongatum, 273.—varium, from Japan, 269.—zxanthocera, 270.

Blechrus glabratus, 284,—maurus, 284, from Japan.

Bothrideres nocturnus, from Borneo, 181.

Brachinus eneicostis, 279.

Bradytus macros, 241.

Broscosoma elegans, 233; previously described as Miscodera donitzi, xxxi.

Bryaxis alienus, 323,—crassipes, 324,—cubitus, 323,—curtus, 824, from

Japan.—difinis, 324.—latifrons, 325.—mundus, 323,—princeps, 328,

alluded to.—protervus, a Triomicrus, 326.—pullus, alluded to, 324.

Bythinus afinis, 326.—japonicus, alluded to, 327.—reversus, 327.—sub-

seriatus, alluded to, 327.

Cenia bourgeoisi, synonym of M. geometricus, 399.

Calathus nitidulus, probably a Eucalathus, 253.

Calonecrus rufipes, 175,—wallacei, 175, from Borneo,

Calosoma chinense, 232,—maximowiczi, 232, from Japan.—mikado, syno-

nym of C. maximowiczi, 207.

Carabus albrechti, variety described, 229.—aquatilis, 224.—arboreus, 225.

—conciliator, 224,—dehaani, 229, from Japan.—ewilis, 226.—fujis- g

anus, 227.—gehinii, alluded to, 230.—gracillimus, 227.—granulatus,

variety described, 223.—insulicola, from Japan, 229. — maacki,

alluded to, 223.—meander, from Japan, 224.—maiyasanus, alluded

to, 230.—opaculus, from Japan, 229.—porrecticollis, 228.—pro-

cerulus, alluded to, 225.—tenuiformis, 226.—tuberculatus, from

Japan, 230.—vanvolxemi, alluded to, 224.—yaconinus, from Japan,

229.—yezoensis, 223.

Carpophilus ordinatus, 175.

Casnonia egrota, 278.—litura, from Japan, 278.

Catascopus ignicinctus, 280.

Centrotoma prodiga, 297.

Cerceros pectinicornis, synonym of M. pectinifer, 397,

Ceruchus lignarius, 339.

( de)

Chalcolepidius porcatus, structure alluded to, iii.

Chlenius culminatus, synonym of C. nigricans, 208.—hospes, synonym of

C. posticalis, 207.—prostenus, from Japan, 235.—subhamatus,

synonym of C. biguttatus, 209.

Cicindela amurensis, 215.—niohozana, 213.—novitia, 216.—ovipennis, 214.

—sumatrensis, var. from Japan, 216.

Cillenum yokohame, 268.

Cladognathus inclinatus, forms exhibited, xxi—inflexus, 333,—mandibu-

laris, 333, synonym of C. inclinatus.

Clavicorn Coleoptera from Borneo, 173.

Colpodes, possibly an artificial genus, 261. C. amphinomus, 260.—astictus,

260.—aurelius, 263.—bentonis, 258.—chloreis, 262.—elainus, 261.

—eurydamas, 288.—hakonus, alluded to, 262.—integratus, 259.—

limodromoides, 2€1.—modestior, alluded to, 263.—mutator, 259.—

pryeri, 289.—rubriolus, 263.—rujficeps, alluded to, 263.—speculator,

from Japan, 263.—sylphis, alluded to, 262.

Conderis, alluded to and defined, 403. C. orientis, 403.—pictus, 404.

Coptodera japonica, 281.—subapicalis, from Japan, 281.

Crepidactyla melantho, 254.

Crepidogaster bicolor, synonym of S. batesi, 208.

Ctenistes, alluded to, 295. C. armatus, a Poroderus, 294.—breviceps, 296.

—discedens, 296.—medius, a Poroderus, 294.—mimeticus, 295.—ocu-

latus, alluded to, 295.—similis, a Poroderus, 294.

Cychrus convexus, from Japan, 232.

Cymindis pictula, a Uvea, 208.

Damaster blaptoides, alluded to and variety described, 230.—capito, 231,—

fortunet, 231, alluded to.—pandurus, 231,—rugipennis. 231, from

Japan.

Demetrias marginicollis, 285.

Dendrocellus geniculatus, from Japan, 279.

Dermestes cadaverinus, from Borneo, 185.

Diartiger, 329. D. fossulatus, 330.—spinipes, 331.

Diplous depressus, from Japan, 289.

Dolichoctis ornatellus, 282.

Dorcus binodulosus, undeveloped male of D. hopei, 338.— hopei, from

Japan, 338.

Dromius breviceps, 283.—campanulatus, 283.—crassipalpis, 283.—prolixus,

282.— quadraticollis, alluded to, 208, 282.

Drypta fulveola, 279. — japonica, 279, — lineola, 279, — virgata, 279,

alluded to.

Dyschirius glypturus, 233.—yezoensis, 232.

Elaphrus dauricus, from Japan, 217.

Elater, structure of prothoracic stigmata in an, ili.

Erotes, structure peculiar to Tropisternus and, 93.

Eros, alluded to and defined, 400. EH. erythropterus, 400.—militans, faded

female of L. quadricollis, 405.—oculatus, 401.—spinicowxis, 401.—

velatus, 402.

Eucalathus, 253. EH. e@neolus, alluded to, 253. — atricolor, 288.— col-

podoides, 254,

¢ i!) )

Euplynes batesi, alluded to, 264.

Eurytrachelus pilosipes, 447.—platymelus, alluded to, 333, 334,

Figulus binodulosus, 339,—punctatus, 339, alluded to.

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan, 205.

Harpalus argutoroides, an Oxycentrus, 208.—chlorizans, 238.—congruus,

237,—corporosus, 238, alluded to.—crates, 239.—discrepans, 238.—

flavitarsis, 239,—fuliginosus, 239, alluded to.—japontcus, synonym

of H. rugicollis, 208, 236.—levicollis, synonym of H. congruus,

208, 237.—leptopus, 237.—lucidus, 208, 240,—relucens, 208, 240, an

Tridessus.—rujicornis, 236,—rugicollis, 236,—tridens, 236, alluded

to.— variipes, 239.—vicarius, 236,—zabroides, 238, alluded to.

Homatlisus, alluded to, 394.

Hydrophilus apicipalpis, 104,—californicus, 109, a Tropisternus.—chaly-

beatus, alluded to, 104, 116.—collaris, 97,—dorsalis, 112,—ellipti-

cus, 107,—glaber, 110, a Tropisternus.—how differs from Tropi-

sternus, 94.—H. levis, alluded to, 116.—lateralis, 111,—latus, 103,

a Tropisternus.—lepidus, 96, 116,—limbalis, 112, 116,—limbatus,

117, alluded to.—miztus, 110,—nitidulus, 101,—ochripes, 108, a

Tropisternus.—quadristriatus, 109, 117,—setiger, 117, alluded to.—

striolatus, 98,—sublevis, 109, a Tropisternus.

Hypherpes colonus, 244.

Inopeplus borneensis, 182.

Tridessus, 240. I. lucidus, 240,—relucens, 240, from Japan.

Labomimus, 300. L. reitteri, 300.

Lachnoderma asperum, 285.

Lagarus dulcis, 251. — nimbatidius, 251,—nimbatus, 250, alluded to.—

sulcitarsis, from Japan, 251.

Lasinus spinosus, 301.

Lebia crux-minor, alluded to, xviii.—duplex, 286.—fusca, alluded to, 286.

—iolanthe, 287. — sylvarum, 287. — turecica, exhibited from Has-

tings, xviii.

Leistus alecto, 221.—crassus, 220.—laticollis, alluded to, 221.—obtusicollis,

222.—prolongatus, 221.—subeneus, 222.

Lioptera erotyloides, 280.—plato, 281.

Litargus exiguus, 184.

Lophocateres, 180. L. nanus, 181.

Lucanide of Japan, 333; exhibited, xxi; polymorphic forms alluded to,

335, xxl.

Lucanus cantori, doubtfully native of Japan. 333.—hopei, 333.—sericans,

' 333, synonym of L. maculifemoratus. —maculifemoratus, forms

exhibited, xxi.

Lucidina, 408. L. accensa, 408.—biplagiata, alluded to, 408.

Lucidota angusticollis, malform of L. biplagiata, 408.—discicollis, 409,—

fumosa, 409, alluded to.—tabida, probably immature L. biplagiata,

409.

Luciola afinis, synonym of L. gorhami, 410.—cruciata, synonym of L.

picticollis, 409.—gorhami, 410,—japonica, 410,—lateralis, 410,

alluded to.—parvula, alluded to, 410.—picticollis, from Japan, 409.

—preusta, synonym of L. gorhami, 410,

(& ixdier)

Lycostomus modestus, alluded to, 397.

Lygistopterus flabellata, doubtfuily distinct from M. pectinifer, 398.

Lymneum quadriimpressum, alluded to, 269.

Lyperus fuligineus, variety of P. prolongatus, 249.

Lyponia delicatulus, 405,—quadricollis, 404, alluded to.

Macrodorcus binervis, 333,—cribellatus, 333, synonym of M. striatipennis.

—diabolicus, synonym of M. rectus, 333.—montivagus, 337.—

niponensis, synonym of M. rectus, 333.—opacus, synonym of M,

striatipennis, 333.—rectus, from Japan, 333.—rubrofemoratus, from

Japan, 337.—rugipennis, synonym of M. rectus, 333.—striatipennis,

from Japan, 338; forms exhibited, xxii—vanvolxemi, synonym of

M. striatipennis, 333.

Macrolycus pectinifer, 397.

Malacoderm Coleoptera of Japan, 393.

Malthodes, probable new species from Dulwich exhibited, xxvii.

Meloé, larve exhibited, xxviii.

Mesolycus, 398. M. puniceus, 399.

Metabletus quadripunctatus, alluded to, 284.

Metriorhynchus geometricus, alluded to, 399.

Miscodera donitzi is Broscosoma elegans, xxxi, 233.

Mochtherus luctuosus, from Japan, 281.

Morana discedens, alluded to, 321.

Morio japonicus, 242.

Myas, alluded to, 243.

Narcisa bimaculata, 179,—decidua, 178, alluded to,—lynceus, 178.

Nebria chalceola, 219.—jamata, alluded to, 220.—japonica, 218.—lewisi,

from Japan, 217.—reflexa, 218.—sadona, 217.—seviens, 217.—

snowi, 219.

Notiophilus impressifrons, synonym of N. niponicus, 207.

Odacantha, doubtfully distinct from Casnonia, 278.

Omaseus japonicus, alluded to, 249.

Omophron equalis, alluded to, 216,

Ophonus constrictus, 235.

Orphilus oscitans, 185. ;

Panageus japonicus, 234,—robustus, 234, from Japan.—singularis, type ot

new genus, 234.

Paraphea signifera, synonym of A. binotata, 208.

Paussus burmeisteri, 138,—lineatus, 133,—linnei, 137, habits of.—habits

of, ili.

Penetretus ambiguus, 289.—dilatatus, 290.

Pentagonica angulosa, 286.

Perigona acupalpoides, 264.—discipennis, 265.—sinuata, 265.—tachy-

oides, 265.

Peronomerus auripilis, 235.—fumatus, 234,—nigrinus, 235, from Japan.

Phylloscelis, distribution of, 173. P. orbicularis, 174,

Pimelia angulata, exhibited from Egypt, vi.

Plesius javanus, from Borneo, 174.

Planeteros, alluded to, 405.

( lw )

Plateros coracinus, alluded to, 405.—lineatus, 406.—nothus, alluded to,

406.—purpurivestis, 406.

Platycerus delicatulus, 338.

Platycis nasutus, alluded to, 402.

Platycotylus, 182. P. inusitatus, 183.

Platysma oblongopunctata, from Japan, 250.

Pleurhomus, 114. P. obscurus, 115.—sahlbergi, 115.

Pecilus encopoleus, 251,—fortipes, 252, from Japan.—lepidus, 252,—plani-

collis, 251,—prolixus, 252, alluded to.

Pogonus flavipes, is Patrobus flavipes, 266.—japonicus, from Japan, 266.

Poroderus, 294. P. armatus, alluded to, 294.

Prismognathus angularis, from Japan, 337.—dauricus, alluded to, 333.

Pristodactyla crocata, 288.—cyclodera, a Crepidactyla, 208.

Pristolycus, 407. P. sagulatus, 407.

Pristonychus eneolus, a Eucalathus, 208, 253.

Prometopia catillina, 177.—rhombus, 176.

Psammecus hirsutus, 183.

Pselaphide of Japan, 291; exhibited, xxi.

Pselaphus debilis, 328,—lewisii, 329.

Pterostichus ambigenus, 250.—asymmetricus, 245.—defossus, 248.—fuli-

gineus, variety of P. prolongatus, 249.—leptis, 249.—macrogenys,

245.—microcephalus, synonym of L. nimbatus, 208.—mirificus, 246.

—pachinus, 245.—polygenus, 247.—prolongatus, 249.—sejunctus,

248.—spiculifer, 246.—thunbergi, alluded to, 247.—tropidurus,

synonym of P. prolongatus, 249.

Raphitreus, 298. R. speratus, from Japan, 298.

Rhagadus, alluded to, 250.

Serrognathus castanicolor, immature male of EL. platymelus, 334.

Singilis hirsutus, a Lachnoderma, 285.

Sognorus, alluded to, 297.

Stenolophus agonoides, 241.—connotatus, 240,—propinquus, 241, from

Japan.

Steropus tropidurus, synonym of P. prolongatus, 249.

Stipesa rudis, alluded to, 297.

Stomis prognathus, 252.

Stomonaxus leviventris, 290.

Tachys euglyptus, 268.—reflexicollis, 268.—scydmenoides, from Japan, 267.

Tachyta nana, from Japan, 267.

Tinoderus, alluded to, 234.

Tmesiphorus costatus, alluded to, 300.—crassicornis, 299.—princeps, 299.

speratus, new genus for, 298.

Trechichus japonicus, a Perigona, 208.

Trechus discus, from Japan, 266.—oreas, 266.—punctatostriatus, alluded

to, 266.—vicarius, 267.

Trephionus, 255. TT. nikkoensis, 255.

Trigonodactyla insignis, 277.

Trigonognatha awrescens, 243.—cuprescens, alluded to, 243.—princeps, 243.

Trimenus adpressus, from Borneo, 176.

Triomicrus, 325. T. protervus, from Japan, 326.—simplex, 326.

( Tew)

Triplogenius, alluded to, 243. TT. cuprescens, a Trigonognatha, 208.

Trogoderma defectum, 185.

Tropisternus agilis, alluded to, 116.—apicipalpis, 104.—binotatus, 116,—

blandus, 116, alluded to.—breviceps, 100.—brevicollis, 100.—cali-

fornicus, 109.—chalybeus, 104.—chontalensis, 102.—collaris, 97.—

concolor, 107.—crassus, 105.—dorsalis, 112.—ellipticus, 107.—

flavipalpis, 102.—fuscitarsis, 113.—glaber, 110.—levigatus, alluded

to, 116.—lancifer, 113.—lateralis, 111.—latus, 103.—mergus, not a

Tropisternus, 117.—mexicanus, 98.—miatus, 110.—nigrinus, 107.

—xnitens, 105.—nitidulus, 101.—nitidus, synonymous with 7’. chaly-

beus, 117.—obscurus, 115.—ochripes, 108.—oculatus, 102.—ovalis,

106.—parananus, 99.—proximus, 97.—robustus, 103.—scutellaris,

96.—sellatus, alluded to, 117.—striolatus, 98.—sublevis, 109.—

tinctus, 114.—xanthopus, 113.

Tyrus japonicus, 302.

DIPTERA.

Acidia heraclei, exhibited and destructive habits alluded to, xxviii.

Aphritis aureopubescens, pupa from ant’s nest exhibited, xvii.

Atherix ibis, swarm of exhibited, xx.

Cecidomyia viole, galls from Epping Forest exhibited, vi.

Diptera of New Zealand, xxix.

Microdon mutabilis, pupa from ant’s nest exhibited, xvii., cf. Bull. Soc.

Ent. France (6), iii, xcix.

Oscinis, larvee in figs, 11.

Tachinid, parasitic in cocoons of Megalopye citri, living specimens

exhibited, xxxi.

HEMIPTERA.

Ahnaria assimulans, 421.

Alcimus borealis, 423.

Aploneura lentisct, gall of exhibited, vi.

Areopus pulchellus, exhibited from Sheerness, xxvii.

Blissus bicoloripes, 482.—pallipes, 432.

Canthophorus variegatus, 418.

Clinocoris gramineus, 426.

Coptosoma cribraria, alluded to, 417.

Cymus aurescens, 430.

Dieuches dissimilis, 438.

Diplonotus luridus, synonym of P. pallicornis, 486.—rusticus, a Pamera,

435.

Drymus marginatus, 440.

Ectrychotes delibutus, 441.

Fulgoride, four American species exhibited ; xx, habits alluded to, xx.

Geocoris proteus, 432.

Geotomus punctulatus, alluded to, 418.

Graphosoma lineata, alluded to, 421.

Graptopelta albomarginata, synonym of P. japonicus, 437.

Hematolecha rubescens, 442.

( tev! )

Ischnodemus obnubilus, 431.

Ischnorhynchus nubilus, 430.

Labidocoris insignis, 442.—splendens, 442.

Lamproplax membraneus, 440.

Ledra aurita, exhibited from Wimbledon and noted from Hastings, xxvii.

Letheus lewisi, 440.

Megymenum tauriformis, 427.

Melanospilus elegans, 428.

Menida japonica, 425.

Nabis brevipennis, exhibited from Darenth Wood, xxvii.

Neocazira, 420. N. confragosa, 420.

Nysius expressus, 429.—plebeius, 429.

Pachymerus japonicus, alluded to, 437,

Palomena angulosa, alluded to, 422.

Pamera ejuncida, 433.—erubescens, 434.—exigua, 434.—festiva, 436.—

nietneri, 435,—pallicornis, 436,—rustica, 435, alluded to.

Paradieuches, 438. P. lewisi, 439.

Parastrachia, 424. P. fulgens, 425.

Peritymbia vitisana, Westwood’s name for Phylloxera vastatrix, xx.

Phylloxera vastatrix, exhibited from Accrington, xx.—supposed occur-

rence of in Victoria, xxxvi.

Picromerus similis, 421.

Platygaster ferrugineus, synonym of G. japonicus, £40.

Plautia fimbriata, alluded to, 425.

Plociomerus discoguttatus, synonym of P. pallicornis, 436.—japonica, 437.

Peantius lineatus, from Japan, 439.

Pecilochroma lewisi, 419.

Rhynchota of Japan, 413.

Scotinophora horvathi, 421.

Sepontia enea, 422.

Stollia lewisi, 423.

Tropicoris metallifer, alluded to, 413.

Urostylis striicornis, alluded to, 427.

HYMENOPTERA.

Acropiesta nigriceps, 195.

Aculeate Hymenoptera from Margate exhibited, xxx.

4Afgilips, synopsis of British species of, 374. 4. ruficornis, 372.—scotica,

372.—striolata, 373.

ABthecerus discolor, 141,—dispar, 140, new to Britain.

Allotria curvicornis, 366.—mullensis, 366.—piceomaculata, 367.—rujiceps,

365.—rujicollis, 365.—salicis, 367.

Aneugmenus thwaitesii, 203.

Anomalon perspicuum, new to Britain, 164.

Aploastomata in error for Haplostomata, q. v.

Apocrypta, remarks upon, 378. A. perplexa, 379, — paradoxa, 379,

alluded to.

Aptesis foersteri, a Catalytus, 161.—hemiptera, alluded to, 153.

(, dey. -)

Aulax hieracii, parasite in galls of, 163.

Bassus tibialis, 170.

Blastophaga, affinities of, 16; species infesting Ficus religiosa, 43.

Cacosyndya, 203.

Callimome, compared with fig insects, 16. C. antipoda, 202.

Catalytus, alluded to, 153, 161.

Cteniscus dahlbomi, new to Britain, 169.

Cynipide, descriptions of new parasitic, 365 ; life-history alluded to, 13.

““Cynips” carice, rediscovered, 383; alluded to, xxxi.—kollari, hyme-

noptera bred from galls of, exhibited, xxxi.

Derecyrta flavipes, alluded to, 202.

Dicolus pectoralis, new to Britain, 169.

Epitranus lacteipennis, 187.

Erisphagia longipes, 371.

Erromenus analis, new to Britain, 169.

Eumenes circinalis, exhibited from Java, ii.

EHupelmus flavipes, 190.

Hupristina, 5. EH. masoni, 6.

Eurytomida, life-history alluded to, 12.

Evania sericea, 191.

Exochus niger, 169.—pictus, new to Britain, 170.

Haplostomata, division of fig-insects, alluded to, 11; characterised, v ;

genera of, 20.

Hemimachus annulicornis, 160.—hyponomeute, 155.—ovatus, 158.—piceus,

153.—rujipes, 157.—rufocinctus, 158.—rufotinctus, 155.

Hemiteles distinctus, 151.—incisus, 150; exhibited, iii—marginatus, 144.

—mixtus, 148.—obscwrus, 142.—politus, 146.—ruficaudatus, 149.—

subannulatus, 147.—submarginatus, 143.—vicinus, male described

150.

Herpestomus furunculus, 140,—intermedius, 140,—nasutus, 140, new to

Britain.

Ichneumon consimilis, new to Britain, 139.—/icarius, sexes alluded to, 30;

exhibited from Italy, xxxi.—lotatorius, alluded to, xxx.

Ichneumonidae, additions to catalogue of British, 139 ; captured in June,

1883, exhibited, xxx.

Idarnella, 37; species infesting Ficus religiosa, 43. I. aterrima, 889 ;

exhibited, xxvi.—carice, 385 ; exhibited, xxvi.—transiens, 37.

Idarnes, species from Australian figs, 10; species infesting Ficus religiosa,

43. I. carme, 37,—pteromaloides, 38,—stabilis, 38, alluded to.—

transiens, probably identical with female I. ficarius, 30, 375; new

genus for, 37.

Idarnodes, cf. errata (p. viii).

Kradibia, 23. K. cowani, 25.

Larrada cowani, 200.

Limneria blackburni, 192.—polynesialis, 191.

Macropis labiata, hermaphrodite exhibited, xxv.

Melanips femoralis, 371.

Mesochorus hirsutus, 168.—pectinipes, 166.

Microgaster, parasite from cocoons of, 144.

( Ixvii_ )

Miomeris equisgranensis, new to Britain, 169.

Moranila, 188. M. testaceipes, 188.

Nematus bridgmanii, 193.—letus, 194.

Nemeritis rufipes, 166.

Ophion lineatus, 192.—nigricans, 193.

Otitesella, 39. O. digitata, 40.—religiosa, 40.

Pachylarthrus smaragdinus, parasitic on A. heraclei, exhibited, xxxv.

Pachytomus klugianus, alluded to, 44.

Palmon klugianus, alluded to, 44.

Parasierola, 197. P. testaceicornis, 197. i

Pezomachus brevis, 162.—dubitator, alluded to, 161. — hieracti, 162. —

instabilis, alluded to, 158.—juvenilis, male described ?, 160. —

vagans, male described, 163.

Pheogenes homochlorus, new to Britain, 140; exhibited, iii.

Phygadeuon marshalli, 141.

Pleistodontes, 8. P.imperialis, 10.

Pecilosoma fletcheri, exhibited from Chertsey, xxxvi.

Polistes hebreus, living specimens exhibited from London Docks, iii.

Pompholyx, new name for, 203.

Pompilus spissus, exhibited from Headley Lane, xxii.

Priocnemis huttoni, 199.—pascoei, 200; synonym of Ichneumon lotatorius,

Xxxvi.—wzenos, 200.

Prionostomata, division of fig-insects, alluded to, 11; characterised, v;

genera of, 20.

Proctotrypes, unknown larva alluded to, exhibited, xxviii.

Psichacra glottiana, 368.—marshalli, 369.—similis, 368.

Rhynchium parentissimum, alluded to and exhibited, ii.

Rhyssa semipunctata, 202.

Sagaritis incisa, 165.—raptor, new to Britain, 164.

Solindenia, 189. SS. picticornis, 189.

Sycobia, 31. S. bethyloides, 32.

Sycobiella, 33. S. sawndersti, 34.

Sycocolacides, suggested name for subfamily of putes fig-insects, 12.

Sycophaga, affinities of, 16.

Sycophagides, subfamily of fig-insects, alluded to, 11; characterised, v.

Sycoscaptella, 36. 8S. affinis, 36.—anguliceps, 42.—quadrisetosa, 43, 375.

Sycoscapter, 34. S. gibbus, 25.— gracilipes, 41.— insignis, 35, male

probably identical with I. ficarius, 30.—monilifer, 41.

Taranga, 201. T. dubia, 201.

Tenthredo lachlaniana, exhibited from Headley Lane, xxxvi.

Tenthredopsis inornata, exhibited, xxxvi.

Terminal abdominal segments of Chalcis, xxiii.

Theroscopus niger, 152.

Torymus pruni, 196.

Trigona, habits of Australian species, xxv.

Trybliographa nigricornis, 369.—testaceipes, 370.

Vespa, species from Java, exhibited, ii.

Walkerella, 32. W. temeraria, 33.

( Ixvii )

LEPIDOPTERA.

Acrea, species from Zululand exhibited, xvii—thalia, bird-pecked speci-

mens exhibited, xxv.

Actenia rubescens, 51.

Aigeria rufa, 58.

AE pytus dimidiatus, probable synonym of B. hemileuca, 88.

Aglossa cuprealis, alluded to, xxxvii.

Agriocoma mimulina, 83.

Alsophila hypparia, synonym of O. significata, 51.

Antherea paphia, bred varieties exhibited, xxvii.

Apatura clyton, bred specimens exhibited, xxvii.

Aporodes efficitalis, from Chili, 52.

Archiearis pusilla, 87.

Arctopoda, 66. A. maculosa, 67.

Argynnis paphia, parasite of, 150; hybrid between A. dia and A. lathonia

alluded to, xxxiii.

Argyresthia conspersa, 85.

Argyritis pura, 86.

Arrugia brachycera, 353.

Asopia, probably introduced into Australia from Europe, xxxvii.

Attacus atlas, xxvii,—cynthia, xxvii, bred specimens exhibited.

Atychia triphenoides, 73.

Blastobasis, allied to the Hyponomeutide, 127.

Blepharocerus rosellus, from Chili, 51.

Bombycide, bred silk-producing species exhibited, xxvii.

Bombyx oubie, exhibited from Zululand, xvii.

Callistenoma, 79. C.ustimacula, from Chili, 79; var. zelleri, 80.

Carposina, belongs to the Conchylide, 127.

Chilo ceres, 61.—chillanicus, 61.

Chimabacchide, characterised and genera enumerated, 123.

Choreutis bjerkandrella, alluded to, 73.

Chrestotes, synonym of Lindera, 49. CC. bogotatella, synonym of L.

tessellatella, 84.

Cleora lichenaria, parasite of, 164.

Colias, notes on contributed, xxxii.

Crambus sabulosellus, from Chili, 61.

Cryptoblabes divergens, 60.

Cryptolechia, alluded to, 50. C. fasciatipedella, 80,—luridella, 81, from

Chili.—ochracea, alluded to, 80.—phenissa, 81.—ustimacula, new

genus for, 79.

Cryptolechiide, characterised and genera enumerated, 124.

Darapsa myron, bred specimen exhibited, xxvii.

Dasyceride, characterised and genera enumerated, 126.

Depressaria desertorum, Chilian and Patagonian forms identical, 49:

doubtfully a Machimia, 80.—edmondsii, 76.

Depressariide, characterised and genera enumerated, 123.

Dichelia exusta, 69.

Durbania saga, 354.

( ixix )

Eugonia undilineata, 87.

Eunomia eagrus, curious employment of larval hairs, xxiv.

Gelechia aterrimella, 77, — invenustella, 76, doubtfully from Chili.—

ocelligera, 77.

Gelechiide, characterised and genera enumerated, 122.

Glyphipterygide, characterised and genera enumerated, 126.

Godara, alluded to, 56. G. chilensis, from Chili, 56.

Harpella forficella, a Peltophora, 125.

Heliconius eucrate, bird-picked, xxiii.

Heliostibes mathewi, from Chili, 76.

Hemaris diffinis ?, bred specimens exhibited, xxvii.

Herbula ? efficitalis, an Aporodes, 52.

Homeosoma nebulella, doubtfully from Chili, 60.

Hypercallia fenestella, from Chili, 78.

Hyperchiria io, bred specimens exhibited, xxvii; living larve exhibited,

XXVill.

Hyperskeles, 78. H. choreutidea, 79.

Hyponomeuta evonymellus, parasite of, 155.

Ithutomus, 84. I. formosus, 85.

Lepidoptera from Zululand exhibited, xvii; new Australian species, xxxvii.

Lindera, alluded to, 49. L. tessellatella, from Chili, 84.

Lycena bowkeri, 351.—lucida, 348.—puneticilia, 350.—stellata, 349.

Macariide, new genus indicated from Chili, 88.

Machimia, alluded to, 51. M. desertorum, 80,—fasciatipedella, 80,—

luridella, 81, from Chili.—ochracea, alluded to, 80.—ustimacula,

new genus for, 79.

Melaneulia, 70. M. hecate, 70.

Mella ragonotii, 59.

Mitothemma, 62. M. acuminata, 62.—angulipennis, 62.—striata, 63.

Mycalesis polydecta, local variety of M. mineus, xxxvii.

Nemophora fasciolata, 74.

Nisoniades phyllophila, 362.

Nymphula numeralis, alluded to, 56.

(icophora, alluded to, 78. (. minnetta, 78.

(Ecophoride characterised and genera enumerated, 125.

Ginectra approximata, 67.—fulvaria, alluded to and var. described, 68.

Ogyris genoveva, 343 ; larva and pupa described, 344.

Oratha significata, alluded to, 51.

Orobena mitis, 53.

Orthotelia increta, 75.

Pachyphenix, 81. P. sanguinea, 81.

Palephatus, 82. P. falsus, 82.

Papilio evander, xxiv,—polydamas, xxiii, colour of pupa.—polydecta,

note on, xxxvi. :

Phtheochroa inexacta, 71.

Phycopterus, alluded to, 49, 53. P. flavellus, 54,—signariellus, 54,

alluded to.

Pieris ogygia, 356.

( dee)

Pisinidea, 83. P. viridis, 83.

Plodia interpunctalis, doubtfully from Chili, 60.

Plutella xylostella, from Chili, 75.

Precis sesamus, 347.

Psaliodes mathewi, 89.

Pyralidina, classification of Australian, xxxvii.

Pyralis chilialis, a Rhodaria, 52.—numeralis, alluded to, 56.

Pyrgus tucusa, 359.

Rhodaria chilialis, from Chili, 52.—purpuraria, 52.

Safra bogotatella, synonym of L. tessellatella, 84.

Samia, abnormal specimen described, xxvii. SS. cecropia, xxvii,—gloveri,

XXvll,—promethea, xxvii, bred specimens exhibited.

Schenobius terreus, alluded to, 63.

Schistotheca, alluded to, 59. S. canescens, 59.

Sciaphila leonina, 69.

Scoparia dispersa, 58.

Scopula amitina, 54.—cinerea, 54.—indistincta, 55.—melanosticta, 55.

Selidosema, new species indicated from Chili, 88.

Sericoris cauquenensts, 72.—erebina, 72.—eurydice, 72.—wilkinsonit, 71.

Setomorpha, synonym of Lindera, 49. S. bogotatella, synonym of L.

tessellatella, 84.

Sitotroga, introduced into Australia, 123.

Stenopteryx hybridalis, from Chili, 58.

Stenoptycha, position of, 57. S. zelleri, 57.

Tachyris melania, note on, xxxvii.

Taseopteryx, 63. T. sericea, 64.

Telea polyphemus, bred specimens exhibited, xxvii; living larve exhibited,

XXVili.

Tephrosia undularia, probably a Eubolia, 89.

Teracolus bowkeri, 358.

Teras blanchardti, 64.—fernaldii, 56.—walsinghamit, 65.

Thymelicus wallengrenii, 361.

Tineina, classification of some families of, 119.

Tecorhychia, 74. T. cinerea, 75.

Topeutis venosa, 77.

Torda, a genus of Tortricidae, 51.

Tortricina, classification alluded to, 119.

Tortrix chrysopteris, 69.

Ypsipetes chiloénsis, 88.

Zygena filipendule, parasite of, 161,—doubtful form from York exhibited,

XXviii. :

MYRIOPODA.

Polydesmus complanatus, supposed cause of potato-disease, v.

NEUROPTERA.

Chrysopa, larve in figs from Smyrna exhibited, xxvi.

( Texi)

ORTHOPTERA.

Acridium succinctum, exhibited and its destructiveness in India alluded

to, iv.

Conocephalus, supposed species exhibited and alluded to, i.

Copiophora cornuta, exhibited, i, iii.

Mantide, remarkable nests probably of, exhibited, xxxv.

Phaneroptera falcata, exhibited from Cornwall, xxxi.

WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., PRINTERS, 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C.

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