Gwe)

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

FOUNDED, 1833.

INCORPORATED BY RoyaL CHARTER, 1885.

OFFICERS and COUNCIL for the Session 1896-97.

Jiresident.

Proressor RAPHAEL MELDOLA, F.R.S., F.C.S.

Vice-Presidents.

Dr. DAVID SHARP, M.A., M.B., F.B.S.

ROLAND TRIMEN, F.RB.S., F.LS.

WALTER F. H. BLANDFORD, M.A., F.ZS.

Greasurer.

ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., F.L.S.

Secretaries.

HERBERT GOSS, F.L.S.

THe Rey. Canon FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.

Librarian.

GEORGE C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Council.

WALTER F. H. BLANDFORD, M.A., F.Z.S.

GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Tue Rev. Canon FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.

HERBERT GOSS, F.LS., F.G.S.

Sir GEORGE F. HAMPSON, Bart., B.A.

ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., F.L.S.

Pror. RAPHAEL MELDOLA, F.R.S., F.C.S.

Pror. EDWARD B. POULTON, M.A., F.RB.S.

OSBERT SALVIN, M.A., F.R.S., F.LS.

Dr. DAVID SHARP, M.A., M.B,, F.R.S.

ROLAND TRIMEN, F.R.S., F.L.S., ete.

THE Lorp WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.

CoLtoneEL JOHN WILLIAM YERBURY, tare R.A.

Resident Librarian.

Ae eee oO OD

THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

1883—1896.

The Transactions can now be obtained by Fellows

at the following reduced prices :—

PUBLIC. FELLOWS.

First Series, 4 volumes (1834—1849) ...........- Price £413 0 £310 0

Second Series, 5 volumes (1850—1861)........ c Se0m0 515 0

Third Series, 5 volumes (1862—1869).........-+6 11 0 0 410 0

‘Lhe Transactions for the year 1868 ........446 . 10 0

a 6 SOO sscccencee ok ee

a5 os TEV AD. eceeepernioc : 18) 20 25 0

a if Tove cee ‘ 15 0

i 5 BZD goteees iets 5 1 72)0

‘ i leva 116 0

ee ea Seri baleen 112 0

a i [STs 120 30 0

i is S76 tek seat 112 0

3 is WS /Meetneest<de'se 14 0

< x rhe: ene TROUEO 015 0

Be Ks iy eae aaa 120 016 6

% gi 18801 een: 019 0 014 3

a % este suse. 1 16,0 1 7 0

- rs 110 0 126

° z 1883 1. 1710 103

i Ap SSAC esasenecese ik} © aah

pe if 1885 GAO 019 6

4 a 1esoe see O00 019 6

#3 1887 fiaeuuke 1.4 6 019 0

39 on 1883) iy cAscssese 115 0 Gis

% ye 1889 : 116 6 176

i i 1990.0 2.ccers 119 0 110 0

i 4 T8Qlon sate! 116 0 1 1750

‘ fi Tego oo ate 19 0 119

i a Tagan seen 15116 019 8

ze 2 ey 110 6 1211

i. * TOR ees 17.6 110, °7

‘ SOG eeeeeeseeeeee 1 0 0 wy ala

”

Any single volume from 1862 to 1877 half-price to Fellows.

Hirst Series, vol. v., is out of print. First Series, vols. i.—iv., and

Second Series, vol. iv., cannot be sold separately.

The other volumes may be obtained separately, also the following :—

Pascoe's ‘ Longicornia Malayand? ......0.....000 £212 0 £119 0

Baly’s ‘ Phytophaga Malayana, Pt.1., Aposta-

SUCENO: 1 ks suninacies ce coterie cnecenn cement see seen 016 0 012 0

Saunders’ ‘ British Heterogyna and Fossorial

EA Men Opler ays as ccce-teeeree eee ere noes neerone 0 4 6 03 4

Saunders’ ‘ Synopsis of British Hymenoptera,’

Darteleyekesccsosceces terete ee 060 0 4 6

Newport’s ‘ Athalia centifolie ’ (Prize Essay) 010 010

The JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGs is bound up with the TRANSACTIONS.

Fellows who have paid their Subscription for the current year, are

entitled to receive the Transactions for the year without further payment,

and they wili be forwarded tree, by post, to any address

CONTHN Ts:

Kixplanation of the Plates

Errata 6 2% aa Bae ae ae coe Sos

List of Fellows ... ou sat WY 7 acc oe eee

Additions to the bray os5 es ve as oe a 500

MEMOIRS

J. On the Heteromerous Coleoptera of St. Vincent, Grenada, and

the Grenadines. By GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

II. New and little-known Palwarctice Perlide. By KENNETH JOHN

Morton, F.E.S. oD 3 eae :

IIT. On the Relation of Mimetic Patterns to the ouae ul Form. By

Dr. Freperick A. Dixgy, M.A., M.D., Fellow of Wadham

College, Oxford S00

TV. The Rhynchophorous Galen of Aina. Rants 1Vie Otio

rhynchide and Sitonides, and a genus of doubtful position

from the Kurile Islands. By Dr. DAvip Suarp, M.A.,M.B.,

F.R.S., ete. = oe ase os ses wae

VY. Notes on Flower-Haunting Diptera. By Grorce FRANCIS

Scorr-Eniiot, M.A. ee Se., F.L8., ete., communicated by

HERBERT Goss, F.L ., Secretary, Entom. Society... eC

VI. Notes on Bee a ae Hpermenia, Chrysocoris, and

Beeron torus: By Dr. THomAs ALGERNON CHAPMAN, ee

F.E.S sa ie a0 605 é

WT Meee tions of New Genera and Species of Coleoptera from

ae Africa, chiefly from Zambezia. By Louis PéRINGUEY,

AVATHIIE eee Gee of New Scolytid trom the Indo-Malayan and

Austro-Malayan Regions. By aoe F. H. BLanprorp,

M.A., F.Z.S. ot: 500

IX. Notes on Dyscritina ioitgteedbeds Westw. By E. Ernesr

GREEN, F.E-S. bey we -

X. On the Courtship of certain rr Acridiidie. By Pro-

fessor Epwarp B. Poutron, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.8., ete. ...

XT. Onthe Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). By Professor

SAMUEL WILLIsToN (Dolichopodidz, and Phoridx# by Pro-

fessor J. M. ALDRICH), communicated by Dr. Davin SHarp,

M.A., F.R.S., on behalf of the Committee for Investigating

the Flora and Fauna of the West Indies aes

117

129

149

191

229

233

253

(ava)

XII. Supplementary Note to my previous Papers on the Heteromerous

Coleoptera of Australia and Tasmania. By GrorGE

PAGE

CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S. AAT

XIII. On the classification of three subfamilies of Moths of the

family Pyralide: the Epipaschiinwe, Endotrichine, and

Pyraline. By Sir GreorGe Francis Hampson, Bart.,

B.A., F.E.S. 2 Ere ds il

XIV. Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism in South African Rhopalocera,

By Guy A. K. Marswatt, F.E.S oo 5ol

XV. On the Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera from a

pupal and oval standpoint. By Dr. THomAs ALGERNON

CuapmMaNn, M.D., F.E.S. ... : é Sos. AIT

XVI. Termites in captivity in England. By GrorcE D. HAVILAND,

M.A., and Dr. Davin SHarp, M.A., F.R.S., ete. 580

Proceedings for 1895... a2 = ats Ste i ets .eei—Lxi

President’s Address Ixii

Index xevl

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate T. See pages 1—54 Plates VIMI., LX.,

ile . 55—63 OG 2-Glan OUTS

SS DS Veg Vic 55 65—79 XIIT., & XIV. See pages 253—416

55 Will ey WAL a 129—147

ERRATA.

TRANSACTIONS.

Page 456, and throughout Sir George Hampson’s paper, for Hulst., read

Hulst.

Pages 456, 457, 458, and 481, for Ivis read Isis.

Page 468, and throughout the paper, for Berg., read Berg.

Page 485, for Avri read Aru.

Page 506, line 2 from bottom of page, dele Z.

Page 507, line 6 from bottom, for Zeit. read Treit. In same line, for vii.

read vi.

Page 560, for octaira read octavia, and throughout the paper.

Page 563, for ‘‘ Kuysua” read “ Knysna.”’

Page 564, for Crose-Smith read Grose-Smith.

PROCEEDINGS.

” ses

Page xxvi., line 25, for *‘ eosta,”’ read ‘‘imner edge.”

List of Fellotus

Or THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

Date of HONORARY FELLOWS.

Election.

1894 ForeEL, Professor Auguste, M.D., The University, Zitrich.

1884 Miuuer, Dr. Fritz, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

1884 OsTEN SACKEN, Baron C. R., Wredeplatz, Heidelberg.

1884 PackARD, Dr, Alpheus S., Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A,

1872 Saussure, Henri F. de, Tertasse, 2, Geneva.

1895 ScuppER, Samuel Hubbard, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.

1871 Senys-Lonccuamps, Baron M. E. de, Liége.

1885 SNELLEN, Pieter Carl T., Rotterdam.

1895 THomson, Dr. C. G., The University, Lund, Sweden.

1893 Warrenwyt, Hofrath Dr. Carl Brunner Von, Trautsohngasse, 6,

Vienna.

FELLOWS.

Marked * is an Original Member.

Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.

Date of

Election.

1877 Apams, Frederick Charlstrom, 68, St. Ermin’s Mansions, Caxton-

street, Westminster, S.W.

1877. ApvAms, Herbert J., Roseneath, London-road, Enfield, N.

1885 ADKIN, Robert, Welljfield, Lingards-road, Lewisham, S.E.

1886 Armorg, E. A., 48, High-street, King’s Lynn, Norfolk.

1892 Baty, William Edward, Lynwood House, Paul Churchtown, near

Penzance, Cornwall.

1894 Baker, Walter F., Trent House, Gainsborough.

1886 Bankes, Eustace R., M.A., The Rectory, Corfe Castle, Wareham,

Dorset.

1890 Barcuay, Francis H., F.G.S., Knott’s Green, Leyton, Essex.

x LIST OF FELLOWS.

1886 BareGaGui, Nobile Cavaliere Piero, Piazza S. Maria, Palazzo

Tempi No. 1, Florence, Italy.

1895 Barker, Cecil W. Rownham, Malvern, Natal, South Africa.

1887 Barker, H. W., 147, Gordon-road, Peckham, S.E.

1884 Barrerr, Charles Golding, Jnland Revenue Office, Newington Butts,

S.E., and 39, Linden-grove, Nunhead, 8.E.

1865 Barron, Stephen, 114, Sé. Michael’s Hill, Bristol.

1894+ Bateson, William, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of St. John’s College,

St. John’s College, Cambridye.

1896 - Beare, Prof. T. Hudson, B.Sc., F.R.S.E., Park House, King’s-road,

Richmond, Surrey.

1851 + Beaumont, Alfred, The Red Cottage, Pond-road, Blackheath,

S.E.

1893 Bepparp. Frank E., M.A., F.R.S., Zoological Gardens, Regent's

Park, N.W.

1882 Bera, Prof. Dr. Carlos, Director del Museo Nacional, Buenos

Aires (Rep. Argent.), South America.

1885 Breruvune-BakeEr, George T., F.L.S., 19, Clarendon-road, Edgbaston,

Birmingham.

1895 Bevan, Lieutenant H.G. R., R.N., 2, Lansdown-place, Cheltenham.

1892 Bippreu1i, Walter Cuthbert, 52, The Grove, Bolton Gardens, S.W.

1886 Bippie, F. W., M.A., Lanherne, Albemarle-road, Beckenham,

Kent.

1880 BiGNeELL, George Carter, 69, Union-street, Stonehouse, Plymouth.

1879 Buiiuurs, T. R., 20, Swiss Villas, Coplestone-road, Peckham, 8.E.

1895 Brneuam, Lt.-Col., F.Z.8., Bombay Staff Corps, c/o Messrs. King

& Co., 65, Cornhill, E.C.

1896 Busnor, Luke, F.R.G.S., E 2, The Albany, Piccadilly, W.

1891 Braper, W. H., F.L.S., 34, Cromwell-road, West Brighton.

1894 + BLacksurne-Maze, W. P., Shaw House, Newbury, Berkshire.

1889 Buanprorp, Walter F. H., M.A., F.Z.S., Vice-PRESIDENT,

48, Wimpole-street, W.

1890 Buatcu, W. G., Knowle, near Birmingham.

1885 Briaruwayt, Lieut.-Col. Linley, F.L.8., Hagle ITouse, Batheaston,

Bath.

1886 BuioomrieLp, The Rev. Edwin Newson, M.A., G'uestling Rectory,

Hastings.

1876 Borre, Alfred Preudhomme de, Villa lu Fauvette, Petit Saconnex,

Genevu.

1875 Borrer, Wm., junr., F.G.S8., Pakyns Manor House, Hurstpierpoint,

Sussex. ;

1876 Boscuer, Edward, Bellevue House, Twickenham.

1891 Booru, George A., Fern Hill, Grange-over-Sands, Carnforth,

Lancashire.

1892 BovuskELt, Frank, 11, Sandown-road, Stoney Gate, Leicester.

1888 Bower, B. A., Langley, Eltham-road, Lee, S.E.

LIST OF FELLOWS. x1

1894+ Bowers, E. Augustus, M.A., Myddelton House, Waltham Cross,

Hertfordshire.

1852 + Boyp, Thos., Woodvale Lodge, South Norwood Hill, 8.B.

1893

1894

1877

1870

1894

1890

1879

1878

1887

1886

1892

1890

1883

1889

Brapant, Edouard, Chateau de Morenchies, par Cambrai (Nord),

France.

Breyer, Professor H. G., M.D., Gymnasium, Pretoria, Transvaal,

Africa.

Briags, Charles Adolphus, 55, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C. ; and

Rock House, Lynmouth, North Devon.

Briacs, Thomas Henry, M.A., Rock House, Lynmouth, North

Devon.

Bricut, Percy M., Roccabruna, Bournemouth.

BristoweE, B. A., Durlstone, Champion Hill, S.K.

Brona@niart, Le Chevalier Charles, Assistant d’Entomologie au

Musée histoire naturelle de Paris, Memb. Ent. Soc. France,

and Memb. Geol. Soc. France, Foreign Corr. Geol. Soc. Lond.,

&ce., 9, Rue Linné, Paris.

Brown, Capt. Thomas, Drury, Auckland, New Zealand.

Brown, Henry Rowland, M.A., 3, Pump-court, Temple, E.C.

Brown, John, 5, King’s Parade, Cambridge.

Browne, Capt. Clement Alfred Righy, R.E., Southern Mahratta

Railway, Dharwar, India.

Bryant, George, Somerset Lodge, Old Shirley, near Southampton.

BuckTon, George Bowdler, F.R.S., F.L.8., Weycombe, Haslemere,

Surrey.

Burns, Henry, The Free Public Library, Fulham, 8.W.

1896 + Burr, Malcolm, “ Bellagio,” East Grinstead, Sussex.

1868 + BurLer, Arthur Gardiner, Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S., British Museum,

1883

1886

1885

1860

1880

1889

1890

1886

1894

South Kensington, S.W.; and The Lilies, Penge-road, Beckenham,

Kent.

Burter, Edward Albert, B.A., B.Sc.,39, A shley-road, Crouch Hill,N.

CaLVERT, Wm. Bartlett, Liceo de Quillota, Quillota, Chili, South

America.

CaMERON, Peter, Union Road, New Mills, Derbyshire.

CAMPBELL, Francis Maule, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c., Rose Hill, Hoddes-

don, Herts.

CanvzzeE, Dr. E., Glain, Liége.

CANSDALE, W. D., Sunny Bank, South Norwood, 8.E.

Cant, A., c/o Fredk. Du Cane Godman, Esq., F.R.S., 10, Chandos-

street, Cavendish-square, W.

CapPeR, Samuel James, F.L.S. (President of the Lancashire and

Cheshire Entomological Society), Huyton Park, near Liverpool.

Carron, Edward, M.D., Shere, Guildford, Surrey.

CaraccioLo, H., H.M. Customs, Port of Spain, Trinidad, British

West Indies.

Xl LIST OF FELLOWS.

1892 CarpEenreR, The Honble. Mrs. Beatrice, Kiplin, Northallerton,

Yorkshire.

1895 Carpenter, G. H., B.Sc., Musenm of Science and Art, Dublin.

1868 Carrincron, Charles, Carylls, Fay Gate, Horsham.

1890 Carter, George Wm., M.A., F.1.8., Cliff End House, Scarboro’.

1895 CarTER, Sir Gilbert, K.C.M.G., Government House, Lagos, West

Africa.

1889 + Cave, Charles, 13, Lowndes-square, S.W.

.1871 Campion, George C., F.Z.S., Liprartan, Heatherside, Horsell,

Woking, Surrey ; and 10, Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W.

1891 CHapMan, Thomas Algernon, M.D., care of Mrs. Milligan, 3, Mor-

land-terrace, Manor-road, Liscard, Cheshire.

1890 CHATTERTON, Frederick J.8., 78, Clissold-road, Stoke Newington, N.

1891 + Cuirry, Arthur J., M.A., 27, Hereford-square, S.W.

1889 Curisty, W. M., M.A., Watergate, Emsworth, Sussex.

1886 + CLarK, John Adolphus, The Broadway, London Fields, N.E.

1867 CxiaRKE, Alex. Henry, 109, Warwick-road, Earl's Court, S.W.

1886 CLARKE, Charles Baron, M.A., F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S., 13, Kew

Gardens-road, Kew, S.W.

1891 Cuarke, Henry Shortridge, 2, Osborne-terrace, Douglas, Isle of Man.

1891 CocKERELL, Theodore D.A., F.Z.S., Mesilla, New Mexico, U.S.A.

1874 Cock ie, Major George, M.A., B.Mus., Oxon., 9, Bolton-gardens,S.W.

1873 Coxe, William, 7, Knighton Villas, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.

1892 Cowan, Thomas William, F.L.S., F.G.8., F.R.M.S., 31, Belsize

Park Gardens, Hampstead, N.W., and Penleaze, Fowey, Cornwall.

1886 CoweE Lt, Peter (Librarian of the Liverpool Free Public Library),

William Brown-street, Liverpool.

1867 Cox, Herbert Ed., c/o F. S. Eve, Esq., 125, Harley-street, W.

1895 CRABTREE, Benjamin Hill, The Oaklands, Levenshulme, Manchester.

1888 CreGor, J. P., P.O. Box 1420, Johannesburg, South Africa.

1890 CREWE, Sir Vauncey Harpur, Bart., Calke Abbey, Derbyshire.

1880 +tCrisp, Frank, LL.B., B.A., Treasurer L.S., F.G.S., Treasurer

R.M.S., 5, Lansdowne-road, Notting Hill, W.

1888 Croker, A. J., 90, Albert-road, Walthamstow.

1895 Crompton, Sidney, Salamanca, Santa Cruz, Teneriffe, Canary

Islands.

1883 CROWLEY, Philip, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Waddon House, Croydon.

1873 Dae, C. W., Glanville’s Wootton, Sherborne, Dorset.

1887 Datrry, The Rev. Thomas W., M.A., F.L.S., Madeley Vicarage,

Newcastle, Staffordshire.

1886 Dannart, Walter, F.Z.S., Ivy Dene, Westcombe Park, Blackheath,

S.E.

1892 tDeNNIs, George Christopher, 39, Blossom-street, York.

1885

1886

1875

1887

1895

1896

1891

1885

1873

1886

1845

1884

1867

1894

LIST OF FELLOWS. xii

Dent, Hastings Charles, C.E., F.L.S., 20, Thurloe-sguare, S.W.

Dickson, The Rev. Prof. William Purdie, D.D., LL.D., Professor

of Divinity ia the University of Glasgow, Glasgow.

Distant, Wm. Lucas, 4, Westbourne-terrace, Lower Addiscomlc,

Surrey.

Dixey, Frederick Augustus, M.A., M.D., Fellow and Bursar of

Wadham College, Wadham College, Oxford.

Dosson, H. T., Ivy House, Acacia Grove, New Malden, Surrey.

Do.py-TyY er, Charles H., F.R.G.S., Corresponding Member of the

Italian Anthropological Society, British Vice- Consul, Panama.

DONISTHORPE, Horace St. John K., 73, West Cromwell-road, S.W.

Donovan, Surg.-Captain Charles, M.D., Mangalore, South Canara,

India.

Doria, Marquis Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa.}

Dormer, The Right Honourable Lord, Cox’s Hotel, Jermyn-strect,

S.W.

DovuGias, John Wm., Dartmouth Lodge, 153, Lewisham -road,

Lewisham, S.E.

Drucr, Hamilton H. C. J., F.Z.S., 48, Cireus-road, St. John’s

Wood, N.W.

Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 43, Circus-road, St. John’s Wood,

INAV. «

DupGeEon, G. C., Fagoo Tea Estate, Sailihat P.O., vid Julpiguri,

India.

1849 }DuNNING, Joseph Wm., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 4, Talbot-square,

1883

Paddington, W.

Durrant, John Hartley, The Cottage, Merton Hall, Thetford,

Norfolk.

Eastwoop, John Edmund, Enton Lodge, Witley, Godalming.

Eaton, The Rev. Alfred Edwin, M.A, care of R.S. Eaton, Esq.,

4, Belfield-terrace, Weymouth, Dorset.

Epwarps, James, Colesborne, Andoversford, R.S.O., Gloucestershire.

Epwarbs, Stanley, F.L.8., F.Z.8., Kidbrook-lodge, Blackheath,

S.E.

Eis, John W., M.B., L.R.C.P., 18, Rodney-street, Liverpool.

E.wes, Henry John, J.P., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Colesborne, Andovers-

ford, R.S.O., Gloucestershire.

Enock, Frederick, F.L.S., 21, Manor-gardens, Holloway, N.

Farn, Albert Brydges, Mount Nod, Greenhithe, Kent; and

Medical Department, Local Government Board, Whitehall, S.W.

Farren, William, Fern House, Union-road, Cambridge.

Fenn, Charles, Eversden House, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, S.E.

Xiv

1886

1881

1889

1878

1874

1886

1865

LIST OF FELLOWS.

Fenwick, Nicholas Percival, Holmwood, South Bank, Surbiton

Hill, Kingston-on-Thames.

Ferepay, R. W., Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.

FERNALD, Prof. C. H., Amherst, Mass., U.S.A.

Finz1, John A., Hanover Lodge, 77, St. Helen’s-gardens, N.

Kensington, W.

Fitcu, Edward A., F.L.S., Brick House, Maldon, Essex.

Fitrcnu, Frederick, Hudleigh House, Highbury New Park, N.

FLETcHenR, J. E., 2, Bedwardine-road, St. Johns, Worcester.

1883+ FLErcHER, William Holland B., M.A., Fairlawn, Worthing,

1892

1885

1880

1883

1896

1888

1891

1855

1889

1884

1887

Sussex.

FLEUTIAUX, Edmond, 1, Rue Malus, Place Monge, Paris.

ForKer, A. J. F., Ziertkzee, Zeeland, Netherlands.

Fowrer, The Rev. Canon, M.A., F.L.8S., Secrerary, The School

House, Lincoln.

FREEMAN, Francis Ford, Abbotsfield, Tavistock, South Devon.

FREKE, Percy Evans, Step House, Borris, Co. Carlow, Ireland.

FREMLIN, H. Stuart, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Mereworth, Maidstone,

Kent.

FROHAWKE, F. W., 39, Dornton-road, Balham, S.W.

Fry, Alexander, F.U.8., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood Park,

Norwood, 8.E.

Fryer, Charles John, 410, Wandsworth-road, 8.W.

Fuuuer, The Rey. Alfred, M.A., The Lodge, 7, Sydenham-hill,

Sydenham, S.E.

GAHAN, Charles Joseph, M.A., British Museum (Natural History),

South Kensington, S.W.; and 16, Ashehurch-grove, Shephera’s

Bush, W.

Gate, G. H., Public Works Department, Hong Kong.

GaLTON, Francis, M.A., D.C.L., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.G.S8., 42, Rutland

Gate, S.W.

GarpeE, Philip de la, R.N., H.M.S. “Goldfinch,” Australian

Station.

GARDNER, John, 6, Friars-gate, Hartlepool.

Gipps, Arthur Ernest, F.L.S., Avenue House, St. Albans, Hert-

Sordshire.

+Gopman, Frederick Du Cane, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S8., South Lodge,

Lower Beeding, Horsham, Sussex; 7, Carlos-place, Girosvenor-

square ; and 10, Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W.

GoLpruwalte, Oliver, 38, Duke of Edinburgh-road, Carshalton,

Surrey.

+Goopricu, Captain Arthur Mainwaring, Lennox Lodge, Malvern

Links.

Goruam, Rey. Henry Stephen, F.Z.S., The Chestnuts, Shirley

Warren, Southampton.

LIST OF FELLOWS. xV

1874 Goss, Herbert, F.L.S., F.G.S., Secretary, The Avenue,

Surbiton-hill, Kingston-on-Thames; and 11, Chandos-street,

Cavendish-square, W.

1886 GREEN, A. P., Colombo, Ceylon.

1891 GREEN, E. Ernest, c/o Mrs. Blunt, Mote Hall, Bearsted, Maidstone,

Kent.

1894 GREEN, Joseph F., West Lodge, Blackheath, S.K.

1865 GREENE, The Rev Joseph, M.A., Rostrevor, Clifton, Bristol.

1893 + GREENWoop, Henry Powis, F.L.S., care of Thomas Greenwood,

Esq., Belle Vue, London-road, near Salisbury.

1888 Grirritus, G. C., 43, Caledonian-place, Clifton, Bristol.

1894 GrimsHaw, Percy H., Natural History Department, Edinburgh

Museum of Science and Art, Edinburgh.

1890+ Haut, A. E., Norbury, Pitsmoor, Sheffield.

1885 Hawt, Thomas William, “ Stanhope,” The Crescent, Croydon.

1891 Hampson, Sir George Francis, Bart., B.A., 36, Tedworth-square,

Chelsea, S.W.

1891 Hanbury, Frederick J., F.L.S., 69, Clapton Common, Clapton, N.E.

1877 Harpinc, George, The Grove, Fishponds, Bristol.

1889 Harrison, John, 7, Gawber-road, Barnsley, Yorkshire.

1892 Heapty, Charles Burnard, Two Elms, Alexandra-road, Stoneygate,

Leicester.

1892 Hearn, Edward Alfred, M.D., F.L.S., 114, Ebury-street, Pimlico,

So Wie

1889 Henn, Arnold Umfreville, Box 1282, Post Office, Sydney, N.S. W.

1881 Henry, George, 38, Wellington-square, Hastings.

1888 Hiaas, Martin Stanger, F.C.S., Tigerfontein Gold Mines, Ltd.,

Venterskroon, Potchefstroom, Transvaal.

1891 Huu, Henry A., 9, Addison Mansions, Kensington, W.

1876 + HiLLMAN, Thomas Stanton, Eastgate-street, Lewes, Sussex.

1896 Hocxrne, The Rev. John, M.A., Copdock Rectory, Ipswich.

1890 HopGKInson, J.B., Roseberry House, Powys-road, Ashton-on-Ribble.

1888 Hopson, The Rev. J. H., B.A., 32, Milton-place, Halifax.

1887 Ho.uanp, The Rev. W. J., D.D., Ph.D., 5th Avenue, Pittsburg,

Penn., U.S.A.

1876+ Horniman, Fredk. John, M.P., F.LS., F.Z8., &., Surrey

Mount, Forest Hill, S.¥.

1892 Hoye, Samuel, Audley House, Sale, Cheshire.

1865+ Hupp, A. E., “ Clinton,” Pembroke-road, Clifton, Bristol.

1888 Hupson, George Vernon, The Post Office, Wellington, New Zealand.

1893 Irpy, Lieutenant-Colonel Leonard Howard Loyd, F.L.S., F.Z.S.,

14, Cornwall-terrace, Regent’s Park, N.W.

1891 IsaBELL, The Rev. John, 65, Waddon Old-road, Croydon,

xvl LIST OF FELLOWS.

1886 Jacosy, Martin, 7, Hemstall-road, West Hampstead, N.W.

1892 Jarrrey, Francis, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., 8, Queen’s Ride, Barnes, S.W.

1869 Janson, Oliver E., Perth-road, Stroud Green, N.; and 44, Great

Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.

1886 JENNER, James Herbert Augustus, 4, Hust-street, Lewes.

1886 Joun, Evan, Llantrissant, Pontypridd, Glamorganshire.

1889 JouHnson, The Rev. W. F., M.A., Acton Rectory, Poyntz Pass,

Newry, Ireland.

1888 Jones, Albert H., Shrublands, Eltham, Kent.

1894 Jones, Frederic Whitworth, Cleef, Vryburg, British Bechuana-

land, Africa.

1894 t JorDAN, Dr. K., The Museum, Tring, Hertfordshire.

1884 Kane, W. F. de Vismes, M.A., M.R.LA., Drumleaske House,

Monaghan, Ireland.

1884 Kappet, A. W., F.L.S., Hilden, 20, Sutton Court-road, Chiswick, W.

1876 + Kay, John Dunning, Leeds.

1896 + Kaye, William James, Worcester Court, Worcester Park, Surrey.

1884 Keays, F. Lovell, F.L.8., 26, Charles street, St. James’s, S.W.

1894 KEEBLE, Henry.

1890 Kenrick, G. H., Whetstone, Somerset-road, Edgbaston, Bir-

mingham.

1890 Krimper, Miss M., Cope Hall, Enborne, Newbury, Berks.

1889 Kine, J. J. F. X., 207, Sauchiehall-street, Glasgow.

1861 Kirsy, William F., F.L.S., Helden, 20, Sutton Court-road, Chiswick,

1893 KirKkaLpy, George Willis, St. Abbs, Worple-road, Wimbledon,

Savi.

1889 KLAPALEK, Professor Franz, Trebon, Wittingau, Bohemia.

1887 t KLEIN, Sydney T., F.L.S8., F.R.A.S. (Hon. Treasurer, Middlesex

Natural History and Science Society), The Red House, Stanmore,

Middlesex.

1876 Kraartz, Dr. G., 28, Link-strasse, Berlin.

1895 Kranrz, Paul, Box 413, Pretoriu, Transvaal, South Africa.

1868 Lana, Colonel A.M., R.E., c/o Messrs. King & Co., 45, Pall Mall

S.W.

1895 Larrer, Oswald H., M.A., Charterhouse, Godalming, Surrey.

1887 t LeEcu, John Henry, B.A., F.L.S., F.Z.5., F.R.G.S., &c., Southover

Grange, Lewes, Sussex.

1883 LEMANN, Fredk. Charles, Blackfriars House, Plymouth.

1892 Lesuin, J. H., 58, Foxbourne-road, Upper Tooting, S.W.

1876 Lewis, George, F.L.S., St. Regulus, Archer’s-road, Southampton.

1892. Licurroot, R. M., Bree-st., Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.

1886 Liverr, H. W., M.D., Wells, Somerset.

LIST OF FELLOWS. XVil

1865 + LLewELyN, Sir John Talbot Dillwyn, Bart., M.A., M.P., F.L.S.,

Penllergare, Swansea.

1881 + Luoyp, Alfred, F.C.S., The Dome, Bognor, Sussex,

1885 + Luoyp, Robert Wylie, St. Cuthberts, Thurleigh-road, Nightingale-

lane, Clapham Common, 8.W.

1894. Lowe, The Rev. Frank E., M.A., St. Stephen’s Vicarage,

Guernsey.

1850 Lowe, W. H., M.D., Woodcote Lodge, Inner Park-road, Wimbledon

Park, 8.W.

1893 Lower, Oswald B., Bleak House, Park Side, Adelaide, South

Australia.

1850+ Luppock, The Right Honble. Sir John, Bart., M.P., D.C.L.,

F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., etc., High Elms, Farnborough, Kent.

1880 Lupron, Henry, Lyndhurst, North Grange-road, Headingley,

Leeds.

1887 M‘Douacati, James Thomas, Dunolly, Morden-road, Blackheath,

S.E.

1895 McGreaor, Thomas M., 30, North Methven Street, Perth, N.B.

1851 +t M‘InTosu, J.

1888 Mackinnon, P. W., Lynndale, Mussoorie, N.W.P., India.

1892 Mackonocuikz, The Rev. J. A., B.A. (Chaplain to the Earl

of Home), Douglas Castle, Lanarkshire; and The Hirsel,

Coldstream.

1858 McLacuuan, Robert, F.R.S., F.L.S8., F.Z.S., TREASURER, West-

view, 23, Clarendon-road, Lewisham, 8.E.

1887 Manpers, Surgeon-Captain Neville, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Colombo,

Ceylon.

“1891 Mancer, William T., 100, Manor-road, Brockley, 8.E.

1892 MawnsprinGe, William, 21, Rosenau-crescent, Battersea Park, S.W.

1894 + MarsHAatL, Alick, Auchinraith, Bexley, Kent.

1895 Marsuatu, G. A. K., The Master’s Office, Salisbury, Mashonaland,

South Africa.

1896 Marsuatt, P., M.A., B.Sc., F.G.S., Grammar School, Auckland,

New Zealand.

1865 MarsHati, The Rev. Thos. Ansell, M.A., Botusfleming Rectory,

Hatt, Cornwall.

1856+ MarsHaLi, William, Auchinraith, Bexley, Kent.

1874+ Mason, Philip Brookes, M.R.C.S., P.L.S., Trent House, Burton-

on- Trent.

1895 Massey, Herbert, Jvy-Lea, Burnage, Withington, Manchester.

1865 Maruew, Gervase F., R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., Lee House,

Dovercourt, Harwich.

1887 MarrHews, Coryndon, Plympton St. Mary, South Devon.

1860 May, John William, K.N.L., Blenheim House, Parson’s Grecn-

lane, Fulham, S.W.

XVill LIST OF FELLOWS.

1872 + MELDOLA, Professor Raphael, F.R.S., F.C.S., PResIpENT, 6, Bruns-

wick-square, W.C.

1885 MeEtviLi, James Cosmo, M.A., F.L.S8., Brook House, Prestwich.

Lancashire.

1887 MeErRRIFIELD, Frederic, 24, Vernon-terrace, Brighton.

1888 Meryer-Darcis, G., c/o Sogin & Meyer, Wohklen, Switzerland.

1880 Meryrick, Edward, B.A., F.Z.S., Elmswood, Marlborough, Willt-

shire.

1894 Mra.u, Professor Louis Compton, F.R.S., Crag Foot, Ben Rhydding,

Leeds.

1883 Mites, W. H., The New Club, Calcutta.

1896 Mopertey, J. C., M.A., 9, Radstock-place, Southampton.

1879 Monrerro, Senhor Antonio Augusto de Carvalho, 72, Rua de

Alecreon, Lisbon.

1853 Moors, Frederic, D.Sc., A.L.S., F.Z.S., Claremont House, Avenue-

road, Croydon-road, Penge, S.E.

1886 Moraan, A.C. F., F.L.S., 24, Leinster-square, W.

1889 + Morice, The Rev. F. D., M.A., Fellow of Queen’s College, Oxford,

Brunswick, Mount Ts mon, We oking.

1895 t Morey, Claude, 34, Berners-street, Ipswich.

1893 Monvon, Kenneth a, “ Salisbury,” Uddingston, N.B.

1889 Mostey, 8. L., Beaumont Park, Huddersfield.

1869 t Mtuuer, Albert, F.R.G.S.

1872 +t Murray, Lieut.-Colonel H., 43, Cromwell Houses, Cromwell-

road, S.W.

1896 NeEsuam, Robert, Utrecht House, Queen’s-road, Clapham Park, S.W.

1889 Nevinson, Basil George, M.A., F.Z.S., 3, Tedworth-square,

Chelsea, S.W.

1887 Newman, The Rev. W. J. H., M.A., The Vicarage, Steeple

Barton, Oxon.

1890 NeEwsreaD, R., The Museum, Chester.

1882 Nictvi.e, Lionel de, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Indian Museum ; and 13,

Kyd-street, Calcutta.

1895 Nicuo.son, Charles, 202, Evering-road, Clapton, N.E.

1886 NicHoLson, William E., School Hill, Lewes, Sussex.

1893 Nonrriep, A. F., Rakonitz, Bohemia.

1886 Norris, Herbert 15, Market-place, Cirencester.

1878 Norriper, iphones, Ashford, Kent.

1895 Norsk, Capone C. G. , F.R.G.S., Indian Staff Corps, 5, St. enh, 8-

square, Bury St. ieee

1869 OperRTHiir, Charles, Rennes, France.

1877 OpertTuiir, René, Rennes, France.

LIST OF FELLOWS. xix

1893 + OGLE, Bertram 8., Steeple Aston, Oxfordshire.

1883

1893

OLDFIELD, George W., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 21, Longridge-

road, Earl’s Court, S.W.

OuiveR, John Baxter, 12, Avenue-road, St. John’s Wood,

NW.

OLIVIER, Ernest, Ramillons, prés Moulins (Allier), France.

ORMEROD, Miss Eleanor A., F.R.Met.S., Torrington House, Holy-

well Hill, St. Albans, Herts.

Pace, Herbert E., 25, Casella-road, New Cross, S.E.

Pavuwcke, Wilhelm, 4, Marienstrasse, Freiburg im Breisgau, Ger-

many.

PERINGUEY, Louis, South African Museum, Cape Town, South

Africa.

PERKINS, Vincent Robt., Wotton-uwnder-Hdge, Gloucestershire.

Puitiips, Charles Edmund Stanley, Castle House, Shooter's

Hili, Kent.

Prerce, Frank Nelson, 1, The Elms, Dingle, Liverpool.

Pout, J. R. H. Neerwort van de, /ecrengracht 476, Amster-

dam.

1870 + Porritt, Geo. T., F.L.8., Crosland Hall, Huddersfield.

1884+ PouLtton, Professor Edward B., M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G:S.,

1894

1851

1878

1893

F.Z.S., Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of

Oxford, Wykeham House, Banbury-road, Oxford.

Pratt, John, St. Peter's Park, St. Albuns, Hertfordshire.

Preston, The Rev. Thomas Arthur, M.A., F.L.S., Thurcaston

Rectory, Leicester.

Price, David, 48, West-street, Horsham, Sussex.

Prout, Louis Beethoven, 246, Richmond-road, Dalston, N.E.

1882+ RamspEN, Hildebrand, M.A., F.L.S., 26, Upper Bedford-place,

1874

1893

1891

1890

1886

1891

1894

Russell-square, W.C.

REED, Edwyn C., C.M.Z.S8., Banos de Cauquenes, Chili,

Rep, Captain Savile G., late R.E., The Elms, Yaiding,

Maidstone, Kent.

Rew, William, Pitcaple, Aberdeenshire.

RENDLESHAM, The Right Honble. Lord, Rend/esham Hall, Wood-

bridge, Suffolk.

Ruopes, John, 360, Blackburn-road, Accrington, Lancashire.

Ricuarpson, Nelson M., B.A., Monte Video, near Weymouth,

Dorset.

RipinG, William Steer, B.A., M.D., Buchkerell Lodge, Buckerell,

near Honiton, Devon.

xX LIST OF FELLOWS.

1853 Riron, The Most Honourable the Marquis of, K.G., D.C.L.,

F.R.S., F.L.S., etc., 9, Chelsea Embankment, S.W.

1889 Roprnson, Arthur, B.A., 1, Mitre Court Buildings, Temple,

E.C.

1892 Rosrnson, Sydney C., Goldsmith's Hall, B.C.

1869 + Roprnson-DovuGias, William Douglas, M.A., F.L.S., F.R.G.S.,

Orchardton, Castle Douglas, N.B.

1890 Rosson, John Emmerson, Hartlepool.

1886 Rose, Arthur J., Brunnen Lodge, Upper Walthamstow-road,

Walthamstow.

1868 Roruney, George Alexander James, 8, Versailles-road, Anerley,

S.E.

1894 Roruscuitp, The Honble. Nathaniel Charles, F.Z.S., 148, Picca-

dilly, W.; and Tring Park, Tring, Herts.

1888 + RoruscuiLp, The Honble. Walter, F.Z.S., 148, Piccadilly, W.;

and Tring Park, Tring, Herts.

1890 RourLepaes, G. B., 50, Russell-square, W.C.

1892 RussE 1, 8S. G. C., 19, Lombard-street, E.C.

1894 Rye, Bertram George, 212, Upper MRichmond-road, Putney,

So.

1894 Ryxnanps, Thos. Glazebrook, F.L.S., F.G.8., Highfields, Thelwall,

Warrington.

1885 Saper, Ernest, F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., Lynton House, South Side, Clap-

ham Common, S.W.

1866+Satvin, Osbert, M.A. F.R.S., F.L.S., 10, Chandos-street,

Cavendish-square, W. ; and Hawksfold, Fernhurst, Sussex,

1886 Satwey, Reginald E., Sungate, Hook-road, Kingston-on-Thames,

1865 + SaunpErs, Edward, F.L.S8., St. Aun’s, Mount Hermon, Woking,

Surrey.

1861 + SaunpErs, G. S., 20, Dents-road, Wandsworth Common, 8.W.

1886 Saunpers, Prof. Wm., Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa,

Canada (President of the Entomological Society of Ontario).

1881 Sconuick, A. J., Boldrewood, Ditton Hill, Surbiton, Kingston-on-

Thames.

1864 Semper, George, care of Bernhard Beer, E'sq., 10, Newgate-

street, E.C.

1862 Suarp, David, M.A., M.B., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., VICE-PRESIDENT,

Hawthorndene, Hills-road, Cambridge ; and University Museum

of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Cambridge.

1883 SnHaw, A. Eland, M.R.C.S., Fakenham, Norfolk.

1883+ SHELLEY, Capt. George Ernest, F.G.S., F.Z.8., 10, Thurloe-

square, 5.W.

1887 Sicu, Alfred, Burlington-lune, Chiswick, W.

1887

1869

1895

1885

LIS! OF FELLOWS. Xk

Sip@wick, Arthur, M.A., Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford,

64, Woodstock-road, Oxford.

Smiru, Henley Grose, F.Z.S., 5, Bryanston-square, Hyde Park, W.

Smiru, W. W., Ashburton, Canterbury, New Zealand,

SourtH, Richard, 100, Ritherdon-road, Upper Tooting, S.W.

* +Spence, William Blundell, Florence, Italy.

1889

1890

1862

1837

1889

1896

1895

1882

1884

1894

1876

1893

1892

1886

189

189:

STANDEN, Richard S., F.L.8., Thorpe Hall, near Colchester.

STEARNS, A. E., 99, Gloucester-terrace, Hyde Park, W.

STEVENS, John §., 4, Pope’s-grove, Twickenham.

STEVENS, Samuel, F.L.8., Loanda, Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood,

S.E.

Srraton, C. R., F.R.C.S., West Lodge, Wilton, Salisbury.

STRICKLAND, A. Gerald, Oakleigh, near Ascot, Berkshire.

STUDD, E. F., M.A., B.C.L., Oxton, Exeter.

Swanzy, Francis, Stanley House, Granville-road, Sevenoaks.

SWINHOE, Colonel Charles, M.A., F.L.8., F.Z.S., Avenue Iouse,

Cowley-road, Oxford, and Savile Club, 107, Piceadilly, W.

SwINHOE, Ernest, Avenue House, Cowley-road, Oxford.

Swinton, A. H., c/o General Callender, Clovernooke, Redbridge,

Southampton.

Taytor, Charles B., Rae-street, Rae Town, Kingston, Jamaica.

Taytor, The Rev. George W., F.R.S, (Canada), St. Alban’s Rectory,

Nanaimo, British Columbia.

THEOBALD, F. V., M.A., Lecturer in Economic Entomology and

Zoology to the South Eastern Agricultural College, Wye Court,

near Ashford, Kent.

THORNLEY, The Rev. A., M.A., South Leverton Vicarage, Lincoln.

TOWNSEND, Professor C. H. Tyler, Las Cruces, New Mezico,

U.S.A.

1859+ TRIMEN, Roland, F.R.S., F.L.S., Vice-PresipENT, 5, Lancaster-

1895

1893

1894

1886

1893

1866

1889

street, Lancaster-gate, W.

TuNALEY, Henry, 30, Fairmont-road, Brixton Hill, S.W.

TurNER, Henry Jerome, 13, Drak. fell-road, St. Catherine’s Park,

Hatcham, 8.E.

TurRNER, Thomas, Cullompton, Devon.

Tort, J.W., Itayleigh Villa, Westcombe Park, Blackheath, S.E.

Uricu, Frederick William, Railway Extension Office, Arimu,

Trinidad, British West Indies.

VERRALL, George Henry, Sussex Lodge, Newmarket.

Vivian, H. W., Glenafon, Taibach, South Wales; and Trinity

College, Cambridge.

XXll LIST OF FELLOWS.

1895 Wacuer, Sidney, F.R.C.S., Dane John, Canterbury.

1876 WAKEFIELD, Charles Marcus, F.L.8., Belmont, Uxbridge.

1886 Waker, Alfred O., F.I.S., Nant Glyn, Colwyn Bay, Denbigh-

shire.

1870 Wa ker, The Rev. Francis Augustus, D.D., F.L.S., Dun Mallard,

Cricklewood, N.W.

1878 Waker, James J., R.N., F.L.S., 23, Lanelagh-road, Marine

Town, Sheerness.

1863 +WatuwaceE, Alfred Russel, D.C.L., Oxon., F.R.S., F.LS., F.ZS.,

Corfe View, Parkstone, Dorset.

1866 + WatstneuaM, The Right Hon. Lord, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.LS.,

F.Z.S., High Steward of the University of Cambridge, Merton

Hall, Thetford, Norfolk ; and 66a, Eaton-square, S.W.

1886 Warren, Wm., M.A., 80, Prithville Gardens, Shepherd’s Bush, W.

1869 Wareruousk, Charles O., Ingleside, Avenue Gardens, Acton, W. ;

and British Museum, Cromwell-road, S.W.

1891 | Warson, Capt. E. Y., F.Z.S., Indian Staff Corps, care of Messrs,

King & Co., 45, Pall Mall, 8.W.

1893 Wess, John Cooper, 32, //enslowe-road, Dulwich, S.E.

1876+ WesTERN, E. Young, 36, Lancaster Gate, Hyde Park, W.

1886 WHEELER, Francis D., M.A., LL.D., Paragon House School,

Norwich,

1865 Whurire, The Rev. W. Farren, M.A., Stonehouse Vicarage,

Gloucestershire.

1884 White, William, The Ruskin Museum, Meersbrook Park,

Sheffield.

1896 Witeman, A. E., British Consular Service, Yokohama, Japan.

1894. Witson, Edwin, Cherry Hinton-road, Cambridge.

1894. Wou.u.ry-Dop, F. H., Box 225, Calgary, Alberta, N.W.T. Canada.

1881 Woop, The Rev. Theodore, 23, Broderick-road, Upper Tooting,

S.W.

1894 Woo.r, Michael Yeatman, 1, Marlborough-place, St. John’s Wood,

NEW.

1891 Wrouacuton, R. C., Conservator of Forests, Indian Forest Service,

Bombay, India.

1888 Yersury, Colonel John W., late R.A., Army and Navy Club,

Pall Mall, 8.W.

1892 YoupaLe, William Henry, F.R.MLS., 52, Main-street, Cockermouth,

Cumberland.

1886 Youne, Morris, Free Museum, Paisley, N.B.

( xxiii)

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY

Durinc THE YEAR 1896.

ADOLPH (G. a ). Zur Morphologie der Hymenopterenfliigel. 4to, Halle,

883.

[Nova Acta Akad. Leop., XLVI., 2. ] :

Die eipterensigel, ihr Schema und ihre Ableitung. 4to, Halle,

1885.

[Nova Acta Akad. Leop., XLVIL., 6.] The Academy,

Barrett (C. G.). The Lepidoptera of the British Islands.

Vol. Il. Heterocera : Sphinges, Bombyces (46 plates).

Vol. III. : Bombyces, Noctuze (50 plates). 8vo, London,

1895—96. The Publishers.

BECKER (Th.). Revision der Gattung Chilosia, Meigen, 4to, Halle, 1894.

Nova Acta Akad. Leop , LXIL., 3. } The Acadeny.

Bevxati (M.) et Quasar (E.). Sur l'eclosion anticipée des ceufs du ver-a-

sole.

[Arch. Ital. Biol., Tome XXV., Fasc. II., 1896.] The Authors.

Bere (C.). Revision et description des espéces Argentines et Chiliennes du

genre Tatochila, Butl.

Hemipteros de la Tierra del Fuego ecoleccionados por el Sefor

Carlos Buckhausen.

Carlos German Conrado Burmeister. Resena Biografica.

[An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Tomo 1V., 1895. |

Notice nécroligique sur le docteur Herman Burmeister.

{Ann. Soe. Ent. France, Vol. LXIV., 1895. |

Sur la distribution gécgraphique de |’ Ophioderes materna (L.), Bsd.

Descripcidn de tres Nuevos Lepiddpteros de la coleccion del Museo

Nacional de Buenos Aires.

[An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Tomo V., 1896.] The Author.

Buanprorp (W. F. H.). On the Genus Dactylipalpus, Chapuis, and two

New Genera of Scolytide from Africa.

Pann. & Mag. N. H., Ser. 6, Vol. XVII., 1896.] | The Author.

{See also GoDMAN (F. D.) and SaLVIN (O.), Biologia Centrali-

Americana |

( xxiv.)

Buanprt (J. F.) et Ericuson (W. F.). Monographia generis Meloés. to,

_ [Halle], 1831.

[Nova Acta Akad. Leop., XVI., 1.] The Academy.

BruNNER v. Wartenwyt (C). Nouveau Systéme des Blattaires. 8vo,

Vienne, 1865.

Ueber die heutige Aufgabe der Naturgeschichte. 8vo, Bern, 1878.

Monographie der Phaneropteriden. 8vo, Wien, 1878.

Monographie der Stenopelmatiden und Gryllacriden. 8vo, Wien,

Revision du Systéme des Orthoptéres et description des especes

rapportées par M. Leonardo Fea de Birmanie. 8vo, Genova,

1893.

Monographie der Pseudophylliden. 8vo, Wien, 1895.

=== —__- ——————.. (Atlas). 4to, Wien, 1895.

Nonnulla Orthoptera europwa nova vel minus cognita.

[ Act. Soc. Zool. botan. Vindobonensis, 1861. ]

Die Morphologische, Bedeutung der Segmente, speciell des hinter-

__ leibes bei den Orthopteren.

| Verh. Ges. Wien, 1876. |

Neue Phaneropteriden.

{J. Mus. Godetfroy, Hft. 14, 1878.]

Ueber hypertelische Nachahmungen bei den Orthopteren.

[ Verh. Ges. Wien, 1885. |

Ueber einen Fall von Riicksichtslosigkeit der Natur.

[ Verh. Ges. Wien, 1889. |

Monographie der Proscopiden.

| Veth. Ges. Wien, 1890. }

Additamenta zur Monographie der Phaneropteriden.

| Verh. Ges. Wien, 1891. |

Orthoptera of the Island of Grenada, West Indies.

[Pe ZeSel89o|

—__—_——— and REprenBACHER (J.). Orthoptera of the Island of

St. Vincent, West Indies.

PPR ZeSeael S92)

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[Nova Acta Akad, Leopold., XVL., 2. |

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Unitep States DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY)

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No. 2. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Asso-

ciation of Economic Entomologists (1895).

No. 3. The San Jose Scale: its occurrences in the United States,

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—.-. Insects affecting Dry Vegetable Foods. By F. H. Chit-

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY)

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Watson (E. Y.). A Key to the Asiatic Genera of the Hesperiidae.

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Some further notes on the genus Terias.

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TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON

For THE YEAR 1896.

T. On the Heteromerous Coleoptera of St. Vincent,

Grenada, and the Grenadines. By Grorce CaaARLES

Cuamprion, F.Z.S.

[Read Dec. 4th, 1895. ]

Pirate I.

Tue present paper contains an account of the Hetero-

merous Coleoptera collected by Mr. H. H. Smith in St.

Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines, under the

auspices of the West India Exploration Committee of

the Royal Society and British Association. Mr. Gahan

(Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1895, pp. 79-140) has already

dealt with the Longicornia collected by Mr. H. H. Smith,

he at the same time giving a complete list of the whole

of the species of that family known to inhabit the West

India Islands. It is not proposed to deal with the

Heteromerous Coleoptera in the same complete manner,

but merely to give an analysis of Mr. Smith’s captures.

The collections submitted to me for examination contain

representatives of seventy-five species—Tenebrionidz

(42), Cistelide (4), Lagriidz (2), Pythide (1), Cide-

meridz (8), Xylophilide: (4), Anthicidze (5), Mordellidze

(4), Rhipidophoride (2), and Cantharide (3). Of this

TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND, 1896.—PART I. (MARCH.) 1

2 Mr. G.C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

number forty-nine are described as new, with three new

genera. No species of the families Pythide and

Xylophilidee has hitherto been recorded from the West

Indies. The whole of the genera, which number forty-

six, with the exception of Lorelus and the three new

ones, are common to Central America, four (Iccius,

Mentes, Sosthenes, and Conalia) not being known from

South America; sixteen of them, however, have not

been previously recorded from the West Indies: Uloma,

Platydema, Talanus, Copidita, Xylophilus, and Anthicus

are those best represented ; Lorelus is known only from

New Zealand and Japan, and two of the new genera,

Lorelopsis and Menimopsts, are closely allied to it. Of

the total number of species, exclusive of the five cosmo-

politan forms, ten only are common to Central America.

Platydema scriptipenne, Fairm., a well-marked form, has

only been previously recorded from Madagascar (? in

error for Macassar), and Damma Island in the Hastern

Archipelago. ‘Taken as a whole, the Heteromerous

Coleoptera of these islands show a considerable affinity

with the fauna of the north-eastern parts of South

America. ‘The number of endemic genera being very

few, and the endemic species closely allied to South

American forms. It may be noted that several of Mr.

Smith’s most interesting captures were attracted to

“light” at night.

TENEBRIONID Ai.

Epirraavs.

Epitraqus, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., x., p. 322

]

(1804); Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv.,

p: 23;

Hpitraqus evxaratus, n. sp.

Oblong oval, convex, obscure reddish-brown or piceous ; thickly

clothed with short, appressed fulvous or fulvo-cinereous hairs, the

head and prothorax more or less variegated with denser patches of

longer, yellowish-white hairs ; the under surface clothed with fulvo-

cinereous hairs, and (in fresh specimens) with dense patches of

yellowish-white hairs at the sides; the antenna, palpi, and legs

reddish-brown. Head broadly and shallowly arcuate-emarginate

in front, the sides of ihe front rounded and not prominent,

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 8

sparsely, unequally punctate, the punctures finer at the sides than

in the middle; the eyes large, coarsely granulated, and slightly

oblique as seen from above ; the supra-orbital carina indistinct.

Prothorax convex, strongly transverse, narrowing almost from the

base, the sides slightly rounded, the anterior angles rather obtuse,

the hind angles rectangular ; the surface thickly, unequally punctate

—with spaces here and there more finely and more closely punctured

than the other parts,—a narrow space down the middle behind

impunctate. LElytra moderately long, wider than the prothorax,

rapidly narrowing from about the middle, the apices somewhat

pointed : with rows of moderately fine punctures placed in rather

broad shallow grooves, which become obsolete towards the apex ;

the interstices convex, sparsely, minutely, irregularly punctate.

Beneath somewhat thickly punctate; prosternal process lanci-

form, horizontal, and received by the short V-shaped mesosternum.

Length 73-94, breadth 34-4 mm.(¢ ¢).

Hab. Grenadines—Becquia I., Union I., and

Mustique I.

Numerous examples. Allied to H. awrulentus, Kirsch,

from Central America and Colombia,* but smaller and

* The Jamaican insect referred by me to this species (Biol.

Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 23), and of which I have recently

received some additional specimens from Mr. Cockerell, proves to

belong to another species. The following is a description of it :—

Epitragus jamaicensis, u. sp.—Oval, convex, pitchy-black, very

finely, sparsely pubescent, the pubescence partly hidden by a

dense, mealy, greenish or glaucous efflorescence, the sides of the

head between the eyes, and the prothorax and elytra, with dense

patches of ochreous hairs, which are only visible in fresh speci-

mens ; beneath pitchy-brown, clothed with fulvo-cinereous hairs,

and with denser patches of yellowish-white hairs; the legs and

antenne piceous. Head very sparsely, coarsely punctate in the

middle, the sides and anterior half more closely and more finely

punctured, the epistoma arcuate-emarginate in front, the sides of

the front not prominent, the eyes coarsely granulated, the supra-

orbital carina indistinct. Prothorax transverse, moderately convex,

trapezoidal, the sides converging from the base and very feebly

rounded, the angles acute ; the surface unequally punctured—with

spaces here and there more finely and more closely punctured than

the other parts, and transversely depressed in the middle before

the base. Elytra rapidly narrowing from about the basal third,

somewhat pointed at the apex, slightly gibbous, the disc broadly

flattened and declivous from a little below the base; with in-

terrupted rows of rather coais: shallow punctures, the interstices

flat on the disc, feebly convex beyond the middle and very

sparsely, minutely punctate ; towards the sides and apex with

4 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

narrower, and with more slender legs; the elytra

regularly convex and more finely seriate-punctate, the

interstices more even. From EH. emarginatus and EH.

sallei, Champ., it may be known by the sulcate elytra.

ScH@NICUS.

Scheenicus, Leconte, New Sp. Col., p. 109 (1866) ;

Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 18.

Schenicus brunneus, n. sp.

Elongate oval, obscure reddish-brown, with a faint seneous

lustre, shining, the legs and antenne rufo-ferruginous. Head

thickly, rather coarsely punctate, the epistoma rounded anteriorly

and prominent, the sides of the front obliquely converging before

the eyes, the latter very coarsely granulated, the supra-orbital

carina sharply defined. Prothorax convex, strongly transverse,

narrowed in front, the sides rounded, the hind angles subrect-

angular, the anterior angles sharp but not prominent, the surface

thickly, rather coarsely, uniformly punctate, Elytra moderately

long, wider than the prothorax, subparallel from a little below the

base to about the middle and thence rapidly narrowed to the apex,

the apices somewhat acuminate ; coarsely seriate-punctate, the

interstices flat on the disc, feebly convex towards the sides and

apex, and sparsely, very distinctly punctured. Beneath, very

sparsely punctured; prosternum abruptly declivous behind ;

mesosternum gradually declivous in front. Length 94, breadth

34 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent.

One specimen. Closely allied to 8. panamensis, Champ.,

but differing from it in its more elongate shape, the less

scattered, irregular, depressed spaces. Beneath, the sterna excepted,

thickly punctured; prosternum carinate down the middle, the

process broad, rounded at the tip, and received by the very broad,

strongly raised, horizontal, V-shaped mesosternum ; metasternum

broadly concave in the middle. Length 10-103, breadth 4-4} mm.

Hab. Jamaica (coll. F. Bates ; Cockerell),

The description is taken from three specimens sent me by Mr.

Cockerell. Differs from 2. aurulentus, Kirsch, in its more gibbous

elytra, smaller size, and more sparsely punctured elytral interstices,

the latter very uneven towards the sides and apex. The sculpture

of the upper surface is almost hidden by a greenish mealy powder.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 5

prominent sides of the front (in S. panamensis the head

is trilobate in front), the more coarsely granulated eyes,

the coarser, sparser, and more uniform punctuation of the

thorax, the sides of which are more rounded, the more

coarsely seriate-punctate elytra, etc. S.oculatus, Champ.,

from the Isthmus of Panama, is also an allied form.

The genus has not previously been recorded from the

Antilles.

Schenicus antillarwn, n. sp.

Oblong oval, obscure reddish- or pitchy-brown, with a faint

seneous lustre, shining, the legs and antenne rufo-ferruginous.

Head thickly, rather coarsely punctate, the epistoma rounded

anteriorly and prominent, the sides of the front obliquely con-

verging before the eyes, the latter very coarsely granulated, the

supra-orbital carina sharply defined. Prothorax convex, strongly

transverse, narrowing almost from the base, the sides very little

rounded, almost straight in one specimen (¢ ?), the hind angles

sharply rectangular, the anterior angles sharp and prominent, the

surface sparsely, somewhat coarsely punctate, a narrow ill-defined

space down the middle impunctate. Elytra moderately long,

wider than the prothorax, narrowing from about the middle;

coarsely seriate-punctate, the interstices flat on the disc, feebly

convex towards the sides and apex, each with a single irregular

row of very fine punctures. Beneath very sparsely punctured ;

prosternum abruptly declivous behind ; mesosternum gradually

declivous in front. Length 83-9}, breadth 33-33 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—south end; Grenada—Windward

side; Union I,

Four specimens, apparently including both sexes.

Very closely allied to S. brunneus, from which it may be

separated by the more acute angles to the thorax, the

sides of which are straighter and the surface less coarsely

punctured, the elytral interstices more finely and not so

closely punctate. The general shape is more oval, the

insect in this respect resembling S. panamensis.

Crypricus,

Crypticus, Latreille, Régne Anim., Ist edit., iii.,

p- 298 (1817).

Crypticus undatus, n.sp. (Plate I., fig. 3.)

Ovate, convex, rather shining; black or pitchy-black, with a

brassy lustre ; the anterior margin of the head sometimes ferru-

6 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

ginous, the two or three basal joints of the antenna, and the legs,

testaceous ; the elytra with a strongly angulated oblique fascia

extending from the shoulder to the middle of the disc, an angu-

lated transverse post-median fascia, widening outwards, the two

connected at the sides, an elongate-triangular patch on the disc at

the apex, excised in front and extending to the suture behind, and

one or two oblong spots on the disc, flavous or testaceous ; the

under surface piceous. Head thickly, minutely punctate; antennz

about reaching the hind angles of the prothorax. Prothorax

strongly transverse, gradually narrowing from the base, the sides

rounded in front, sparsely, minutely punctate. Elytra forming a

continuous outline with the prothorax, obsoletely and very

minutely seriate-punctate to about the middle, the interstices

flat, sparsely, exceedingly minutely punctate. Beneath very finely

pubescent, sparsely, minutely punctate. Legs very slender. Length

3-34, breadth 14-12 mm. (¢ @).

Hab. Grenada—Telescope and Lake Antoine Kstates,

on the Windward side; Grenadines— Mustique I.

Sent in plenty by Mr. H. H. Smith. Allied to

C. maculatus, Champ., from Central America, but

differing from it in the more intricate elytral markings.

These latter vary a little in extent; the two fasciz are

sometimes connected near the suture by a narrow longi-

tudinal line, which extends downwards to the triangular

apical mark. In one specimen the suture is brown.

The antennz usually have the two basal joints only testa-

ceous. ‘The seriate punctures on the elytra are scarcely

distinguishable. The genus has not previously been

recorded from the Antilles. Under rubbish on sandy

sea-coasts (Smith).

OPATRINUS.

Opatrinus, Latreille, Regne Anim., ed. 2,v., p. 19 (1829).

Opatrinus gemellatus.

Blaps gemellatus, Oliv., Ent., iii, No. 60, p. 9, t. 1,

fig. 8 (1795).

Opatrinus gemellatus, Muls., Mém. Acad. Lyon, ii.,

p- 299 (1852); Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

1889, p. 421.

Opatrum clathratum, Oliv., Encycl. Méth., viii., p. 499.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 7

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side ; Grenada—Baltha-

zar, on the Windward side; Grenadines—Mustique I.,

Becquia I., Union I.

Recorded by Mulsant from Guadeloupe I., Colombia,

and Guiana. Not known from Central America. Found

in plenty by Mr. H. H. Smith. It has been taken by

MM. Delauney and Vitrac in the islands of Guadeloupe,

Grande-Terre, and Les Saintes, and by the Rev. T. A.

Marshall in Antigua.

CrESICLES.

Head sunk into the prothorax up to the eyes, the latter trans-

verse and completely divided at the sides; epistoma deeply

emarginate in front, leaving the labrum exposed ; mentum flat,

small, widened in front, rounded at the sides anteriorly ; apical

joint of the maxillary palpi subtriangular ; antenne moderately

long, the four outer joints distinctly widened ; prothorax trens-

verse, strongly bisinuate at the base, and closely fitting to the base

of the elytra ; scutellum small, strongly transverse; elytra convex,

oval, obliquely truncate and slightly emarginate on either side at

the base, the basal margin raised on either side of the scutellum,

the humeri more or less obtuse; mesosternum feebly excavate in

front, the sides very little raised ; metasternum very short ; inter-

coxal process of the abdomen broad, rounded in front ; inflexed

portion of the elytra formed eutirely of epipleure, the latter wide

in front and extending to the apex; tibia rather narrow ; tarsi

sparsely clothed with long fine hairs beneath, the anterior pair in

the male with joints 1-3 spongy-pubescent beneath and more or

less dilated ; body convex, apterous, sparsely pubescent.

Two species are referred to this genus. It is allied to

Blapstinus, but differs from it in the form of the elytra,

the broader epipleurz, shorter metasternum, apterous

body, etc. From Opatrinus it may be known by the

- non-trilobate mentum, divided eyes, etc. Also allied,

but more distantly, to Diastolinus, Muls. Both species

live under stones, drift-wood, etc., on sandy sea-shores.

Ctesicles insularis, nu. sp. (Plate I., fig. 2, ¢.)

Oblong oval, convex, opaque above, shining beneath, black, the

antenne piceous, with the apical three or four joints ferruginous,

the base of the tibie and the tarsi piceous or pitchy-red ; above

8 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

and beneath very sparsely clothed with short, rather coarse,

yellowish-cinereous hairs, these being semi-erect and bristly on

the elytra and decumbent on the other parts of the body. Head

coarsely, closely punctate. Prothorax strongly transverse, rather

sharply margined, moderately rounded at the sides, widest a little

before the middle, slightly wider at the base than at the apex,

obliquely narrowed in front ; the anterior angles rather prominent,

the hind angles obtusely rectangular ; the surface thickly impressed

with coarse, round punctures, which are here and there separated

by irregular smooth spaces. Elytra about two and one-fourth

times the length of the prothorax, and a little wider than it,

rounded at the sides, with rows of very coarse, deep, not very

closely placed, foveolar impressions ; the interspaces sparsely

punctate and sharply costate, the cost slightly shining at the top,

the third and seventh and the second and ninth confluent behind,

the second, fifth, and sixth scarcely reaching the base, the first (or

sutural) turning obliquely outwards before the base, leaving a

triangular depressed space behind the scutellum, and connected

with the fourth by the basal ridge ; the humeri moderately pro-

minent. Beneath thickly impressed with excessively coarse

punctures.

¢. Anterior tarsi with joints 1-3 dilated; anterior tibiz

sinuous within.

Length 53-6, breadth 21-23 mm. (¢ 2).

Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side.

Seven examples.

Ctesicles maritimus, n. sp.

Very similar to C. insularis ; the elytra more opaque ; the pro-

thorax a little more rounded at the sides anteriorly, the anterior

angles less prominent ; the elytra more rounded at the sides and

with the humeri more obtuse, the disc transversely flattened or

depressed below the base, the seriate impressions not so coarse and

more numerous, the interstices strongly convex at the sides, feebly so

on the disc, the fourth more raised than the others towards the base.

¢. Anterior tarsi with joint 1 feebly and 2 and 3 more broadly

dilated ; anterior tibie sinuous within.

Length 43-6, breadth 23-22 mm. (¢ 9).

Hab. Grenada—Telescope and Lake Antoine Hstates,

on the Windward side; Grenadines—Mustique I.

Fifteen specimens, all but two from Grenada.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. a

ScAPTES.

Scaptes, Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1,

p. 222 (1886).

Scaptes ciliatus, n. sp.

Ovate, convex, black, the upper surface completely covered with

pale brown, whitish, and fuscous appressed scales, which form a

variegated pattern on the elytra (patches of light scales alternating

with patches of dark scales in irregular longitudinal series), and

with scattered, short, semi-erect, hair-like scales,” which are

serially arranged on the elytra; the margin of the prothorax and

elytra fringed with long, white, hair-like scales, the base of the

prothorax also ciliate; the antenne black, yellowish at the tip.

Prothorax short, rounded at the sides, narrowed in front, and dis-

tinctly narrowed behind. Elytra oval, three times the length of

the prothorax, distinctly narrowed in front. Length 4, breadth

24 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—south end.

One specimen. Smaller and more ovate than S. tro-

picus, Kirsch (= squamulatus, Champ.), from Central and

South America, and also differing from it, and from

S. cayennensis also, in the longer marginal cilia of the

thorax and elytra, the thorax distinctly narrowed behind,

and the elytra more oval. It is probable that the S. squa-

mulatus of Fleutiaux and Sailé, trom Guadeloupe, belongs

to S. ciliatus ; their specimen was examined by me some

years ago. Under rubbish in low-wooded land near the

sea (Smith).

P#ALERIA,

Phaleria, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., x., p. 300

(1804).

Phaleria chevrolati.

Phaleria chevrolati, Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

1889, p. 422.

Hab. Grenada—Granville and Telescope Estate, on

the Windward side ; Grenadines—Mustique I.

Numerous examples, including the typical form and

* Some authors use the term “hairs,” and others “scales,” for

this form of vestiture.

10 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

the var. quadrinotata, Fleut. and Sallé, also a variety with

the elytra immaculate. I have examined one of the types

of P. chevrolati, kmdly communicated by M. Fleutiaux,

whose specimens were obtained at Pont Pierre, in the

Les Saintes Is. ‘The insect is narrower and more shining

than P. dytiscoides, Champ., from the Atlantic and Pacific

coasts of Central America. Under seaweed (Smith).

Phaleria fulva.

Phaleria fulva, Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

1889, p. 4238.

Var. The elytra with a common discoidal patch

fuscous or pitchy-black.

Hab. Grenada—Windward side; Grenadines—Mus-

tique I.

Five specimens of the typical form from Grenada, and

three of the variety from Mustique Island. The type,

from Grande Anse, in the Les Saintes Islands, has been

communicated by M. Fleutiaux for comparison; it

appears to be somewhat immature. In our specimens

the last dorsal, and also the last ventral, segment of the

abdomen is infuscate or black. Under seaweed (Smith).

Ozo.Lals.

Ozolais, Pascoe, Journ. Ent., ii., p. 457 (1866); Ann.

and Mag, Nat. Hist., 4th ser., viii., p. 351 (1871).

Ozolais tuberculifera, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 1, ¢.)

Broad, very convex, black ; the upper surface tuberculate and

sparsely clothed with very short, appressed, hair-like scales, which

are in great part hidden by an adherent, greyish or brown, scaly

coating ; the antennz black or reddish-brown, the two basal joints

usually paler, the club flavo-ferruginous ; the palpi and tarsi, and

sometimes the femora also, ferruginous or obscure foeeeae

Head with the sides of the front subangularly dilated, the space

between the eyes with scattered smooth granular elevations ;

antennz moderately long, joint 9 broader than long and nearly twice

as wide as 8,10 and 1i subconnate, strongly transverse, 10 much wider

than 9. Prothorax very broad, transverse, with the disc gibbous

and the sides explanate, rapidly narrowing from the middle for-

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 11

wards, and strongly bisinuate at the base, the latter wider than the

elytra ; the sides coarsely and irregularly crenate, the anterior

angles greatly produced in front, the hind angles sharp and directed

inwards ; the surface studded with smooth, strongly raised, granular

elevations, the disc broadly and shallowly grooved down the middle.

Elytra about twice as long as the prothorax, rounded at the sides,

gradually narrowing from the middle forwards and rapidly and

obliquely narrowing behind, very convex, abruptly declivous behind,

the humeri acute and directed outwards; the surface studded

with strongly raised, subserially arranged, smooth, granular eleva-

tions, which become coarser and more scattered towards the

suture, and also with irregular rows of coarse, deep punctures,

which also become more scattered towards the suture and are

usually completely hidden by the scaly coating.

¢. Head broadly excavate in front, the sides of the front

strongly and angularly dilated ; the epistoma armed with a long,

suberect, flattened process, which is dilated at the tip, the tip itself

slightly emarginate.

Length 53-8, breadth 34-4 mm. (d ¢ ).

Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side ; Grenada—Wind-

sor and Balthazar.

Numerous examples of both sexes. ‘This species is

not very closely allied to any of those from South

America described by Pascoe, or to the Central- American

forms described by myself. 0. elongata, Champ., from

Nicaragua, has a somewhat similar cephalic horn in the

male; but the horn in that species is placed on the

vertex, whereas in O. tuberculifera it arises from the

front of the epistoma.. The smooth granular elevations

of the surface arise from tubercular elevations, the inter-

spaces being covered with a scaly incrustation, which

hides the sculpture and the very short, fine, hair-lke

scales. In rotten wood and under logs (Smith).

ARRHENOPLITA.

Oplocephala, Laporte et Brullé, Ann. Sciences Nat.,

xxil., p. 338 (1831) (nomen przocc.).

Arrhenoplita, Kirby, Fauna Am.-Bor.,iv.,p. 235 (1837).

Evoplus, Leconte, New Sp. Col., p. 128.

Arrhenoplita suilla, n. sp.

Oblong oval, moderately convex, opaque, testaceous, clothed

with a very fine, short, pruinose pubescence ; the entire upper

12 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

surface closely, very finely punctate. Antenne short, thickening

outwardly, joints 5-10 strongly transverse, 5 wider than 4. Eyes

rather small, emarginate infront. Prothorax more than twice as

broad as long, rounded and sharply margined at the sides, widest

a little before the base, moderately narrowed in front. Elytra

about two and one-half times the length of the prothorax, nar-

rowing from the middle, subparallel towards the base, without

trace of striz. Leg slender, short.

g. Head deeply execayate in the middle between the eyes, and

armed on either side with a long, compressed, broad, subtriangular

horn, the apex of which is furnished with a few fulvous hairs, the

epistoma also with a conical prominence in the middle in front.

Length 2-2) mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—Kingstown.

Two males and one female. Three others (all males),

from Guadeloupe I., are contained in the collection of

M. Fleutiaux of Paris. This insect resembles the

European Pentaphyllus testaceus, Hellw.; but differs

from it in having the antenne gradually widened from

the fifth joint, the eyes emarginate, etc., as well as in

its more parallel shape. It has the facies of a Cis. A.

cioides and A. pentaphylloides, Champ., from Central

America, and A, bituberculata (Oliv.), are allied forms ;

the latter has been introduced into France in an exotic

boletus. From <A. cioides, its nearest ally, it may be

known by the single tubercle on the epistoma in the

male, the closer punctuation, etc. Found “in boleti”

in the old Botanical garden (Smith).

PLATYDEMA.

Platydema, Laporte et Brullé, Ann. Sciences Nat.,

Xxili., p. 350 (1831).

Platydema piliferum, n. sp.

Broad oval, moderately convex, opaque ; black or brownish-black,

the suture sometimes paler; the antenne brown or pitchy-brown, with

the basal joints, and also the apical one, ferruginous ; the anterior

margin of the head, the labrum, palpi, and legs ferruginous ; the

under surface ferruginous or piceo-ferruginous; the elytra clothed

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 18

with short, fine, yellowish-cinereous pubescence. Head and pro-

thorax thickly, obsoletely punctate, the latter very short and

rapidly, arcuately narrowing from the base, the eyes widely

separated ; the antenne moderately elongate, joints 7-10 slightly

broader than long. Elytra a little flattened on the disc, finely

punctate-striate, the interstices flat on the disc, feebly convex at

the sides, and obsoletely punctate. Length 63-71, breadth

3-32 mm,

Hab. St. Vincent—Richmond Estate, on the Lee-

ward side, and Bow-wood Valley near Kingstown.

Four specimens. Allied to P. sobrinum, Chevr., from

Central America, but differing from it and the numerous

allied Tropical-American forms in the very distinctly

pubescent elytra, the pubescence being visible even in

rubbed specimens. This character is quite unusual in

the genus, though many of the species when in fresh

condition are clothed with a sort of pruinosity which

soon becomes abraded. ‘The punctuation, that of the

striae excepted, is scarcely visible, except under a strong

lens, and the surface is very dull. In a rotten log

(Smith).

Platydema apicenotatum, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 5.)

Short ovate, rather broad, convex, opaque ; black ; the anterior

part of the head, the oral organs, the antenne, the lateral margins

of the prothorax, the scutellum, and epipleurz ferruginous ; the

elytra each with four sharply-defined flavo-testaceous spots near

the apex—one, very small, on the 5th interstice at about one-third

from the apex, one, slightly larger, on the 3rd interstice, nearer

the apex, one, rather larger and oblique, at the sutural angle, and

one near the lateral margin above this, transverse and equalling it

in size; the legs ferruginous, the tibie slightly infuscate ; the

under surface pitchy-black. Head thickly, very finely punctate ;

antenn extending to a little beyond the hind angles of the pro-

thorax, joints 7-10 strongly transverse. Prothorax acutely margined

at the sides, rapidly and arcuately narrowing from the base, more

than twice as broad as long, almost smooth. LElytra forming a

continuous outline with the prothorax, acutely margined, finely

punctate-striate, the interstices flat and almost smooth. Length 4,

breadth 24 mm.

14 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

Hab. Grenada—FBalthazar, on the Windward side.

Of this peculiar little species one specimen only was

obtained ; it was attracted to “light.” In general shape

the insect somewhat resembles P. rotundatwm, Chevr.

In the markings of the elytra it differs from all the

American species of the genus known to me.

Platydema scriptipenne.

Platydema scriptipennis, Fairm., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

187539: Xxx.

Platydema scriptipenne, C.O. Waterh., Ann. and Mag.

Nat. Hist., 6th ser., xiv., p. 66.

Hab. Grenada—Soubise, on the Windward side.

One specimen, agreeing perfectly with the type, which

is supposed to have been found in Madagascar (or?

Macassar), and with an example found by Mr. J. J. Walker

in Damma I.in 1891. Also recorded from India, Siam,

Java, and Macassar by Mr. Waterhouse, who incorrectly

ascribes the species to Chevrolat. The insect must have

been introduced into the island of Grenada. Under

piles of decaying wood on the coast (Smith).

LorELuvs.

Lorelus, Sharp, Ent. Monthly Mag., xiii., p. 76 (1876).

The four described species of this genus are all from

New Zealand. The following insect merely differs from

I. priscus, Sharp, in having the penultimate tarsal joint

more feebly excavate above, and the limbs less elongate.

Lorelus brevicornis, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 6.)

Elongate, rather depressed, shining, glabrous, castaneous, the

prothorax and elytra (the suture, humeri, and apex excepted)

suffused with piceous in one example, the legs ferrugineo-testaceous.

Head thickly and rather coarsely punctate, the eyes not prominent ;

antenne short, not reaching the base of the prothorax, moderately

stout, the joints closely articulated, 3 a little longer than 2, 4-8

short, gradually decreasing in length, 5-8 transverse, 9-11 broader

than those preceding, 9 and 10 transverse, 11 short-oval,

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 15

Prothorax wider than the head, truncate at the base and apex,

rather convex, strongly transverse, widest in front, the sides some-

what obliquely converging from the apex to the base, the margins

feebly crenulate behind, the anterior angles distinct but rather

obtuse, the hind angles minutely prominent ; the surface punctured

like that of the head, the punctuation a little sparser on the disc

than at the sides. Elytra considerably wider than, and fully three

times the length of, the prothorax, truncate at the base, subparallel

toa little beyond the middle and rapidly narrowing thence to the

apex ; coarsely, thickly, confusedly punctate, the punctures

coarser than those on the head and prothorax. Beneath sparsely,

finely punctate. Legs short, the penultimate joint of the tarsi

feebly excavate above for the reception of the base of the apical

joint. Length 23-33 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side; Becquia I.

One example from each locality; I have also seen

specimens of it from Guadeloupe, in the collection of

M. Fleutiaux of Paris. One of these latter is labelled

as having been found in the stems of a Cissus, a shrub

allied to Vitis. In rotten cacao-husks (Smith).

LORELOPSIS, n. gen.

Penultimate tarsal joint strongly lamellate, extending beneath

the apical joint to about its middle. Epistoma separated from the

front by a distinct groove. Eyes small, rather prominent, entire,

projecting far beyond the antennary orbits. Prothorax as long as

broad, trapezcidal. Body pubescent. The other characters as in

Lorelus, Sharp.

The single species referred to this genus possesses all

the structural characters of Lorelus, except as regards

the strongly lamellate penultimate tarsal joint and the

distinctly separated epistoma. It has somewhat the

facies of various Goniaderides and Heterotarsides, but

differs from them in the closed mesocoxal cavities,

absence of the trochantin, etc. The body in fresh

specimens is clothed with very fine, long, erect hairs,

which are easily abraded. ‘The elytra are very much

wider than the thorax, gradually widened for two-thirds

of their length, and confusedly punctate. The thorax is

widest in front. The antennez have the apical three joints

widened. Like Lorelus, Menimus, and Menimopsis, the

16 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

genus does not agree satisfactorily with any of Lacordaire’s

groups.

Lorelopsis pilosus, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 7.)

Elongate, flattened above, shining, when fresh somewhat thickly

clothed with very fine, long, erect hairs, which are easily abraded ;

piceous or brown, the antenne and legs ferruginous. Head

thickly, somewhat coarsely punctate; antennse about reaching the

humeri, moderately stout, the joints closely articulated, 3 much

longer than 2, 4-8 short, subequal, 9-11 broader than those pre-

ceding, 9 as long as broad, 10 slightly broader than long, 11 oval.

Prothorax rather convex, slightly wider than the head, as long as

broad, truncate at the base and apex, widest in front, the sides a

little rounded and gradually converging from before the middle to

the base, the angles somewhat obtuse; the surface thickly,

moderately coarsely punctate. Elytra elongate, gradually widen-

ing from the base to one-third from the apex and there more than

one-half wider than the prothorax, abruptly narrowing behind; the

surface coarsely, closely, confusedly punctate, the punctures much

coarser than those on the head and prothorax. Beneath thickly

punctate, the punctures very coarse at the sides, the metasternum

sparsely and much more finely punctate. Length 33-4, breadth

13-14 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side.

Two specimens, one of which is completely abraded.

Menimopsis, n. gen.

Head broad, exserted, slightly raised at the sides above the point

of insertion of the antenne, the epistoma well defined; the eyes

excessively minute, consisting of about eight facets only, lateral ;

the labrum prominent ; the mandibles visible from above, emargi-

nate at the tip; the apical joint of the maxillary palpi stout,

securiform. Antenne very short, about equalling in length

the width of the head, stout; the joints closely articulated,

1 stout, 2 smaller, short, 3-7 gradually increasing in width, 4-7

strongly transverse, 8-11 forming a well-defined club, 8-10 trans-

verse, each very much broader and stouter than 7, 11 short, oval,

narrower and longer than 10. Prothorax short, truncate and finely

margined at the base, closely fitting to the elytra, with a sharply-

defined, projecting, subcrenulate lateral carina. Scutellum short,

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 17

strongly transverse. Elytra the width of the prothorax at the

base, and twice its length, with laterally projecting, prominent

humeri, and a narrow, finely serrate, marginal carina. Legs very

short, moderately stout ; the tibie rather narrow, the anterior and

intermediate pairs slightly rounded on their outer edge, the spurs

short but distinct ; the tarsi 5-, 5-, 4-jointed, short, clothed with a

few long hairs beneath, the basal joint of the hind pair very

short. Cox# narrowly separated. Prosternum declivous and

narrowly produced behind, the apex slightly raised. Metasternum

short. Intermediate coxal cavities closed externally. Epipleurs

broad, extending to the fourth ventral suture. Body elongate-

oval, probably apterous.

The single peculiar species from which the above cha-

racters are taken is closely allied to the genus Menimus,

Sharp; but differs from it in having the antenuw

11-jointed, with a 4-jointed club, and also in the

laterally projecting humeri and shorter legs. ‘The

eyes are excessively minute, smaller even than in

Menimus cecus, Sharp. The genus Menimus contains

numerous representatives in New Zealand, and one in

Japan.

Menimopsis excecus, n. sp. (Plate L, fige. 17, 17a, 2.)

Rather narrow and somewhat depressed, rufo-testaceous, shining,

almost glabrous (probably clothed when fresh with scattered, long,

fine, erect hairs, a few of which are visible upon the head and pro-

thorax); the legs and antennex testaceous. Head with widely

scattered coarse punctures ; antenne with a few fine bristly hairs.

Prothorax strongly transverse, about one-half wider than the head,

moderately rounded at the sides, a little narrowed in front, the

anterior angles obtuse, the hind angles subrectangular, the surface

sparsely, coarsely punctate. Elytra parallel to near the middle and

arcuately narrowing thence to the apex, the apices conjointly

rounded ; with rows of coarse punctures, which become finer at the

apex, the interstices smooth and flat. Beneath very sparsely,

coarsely punctate, the propleurze smooth. Length 2%, breadth

Imm. (¢9;)

Hab. St. Vincent~—Morne-a-Garon, 1,2C0 feet.

One female example. Under rubbish on a damp rock

in the forest (Smith).

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1896.—pParti. (marRcH.) 2

18 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

EcHOCcERUS.

Echocerus, Horn, Rev. Ten. of Am. north of Mex.,

p. 366 (1870).

Echocerus mazxillosus.

Trogosita maxillosa, Fabr., Syst. Hleuth., i., p. 155.

Trogosita mazillaris, Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amér.,

p. 125, t. 32, fig. 4.

Gnathocerus mavillosus, Lacord., Gen. Col., v., p. 322,

nota; Woll., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser.,

vi., p. 49; Col. Atlant. App., p. 61.

Echocerus mavillosus, Horn, Rev. Ten. of Am. north

of Mex., p. 366; Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Col.,

iv., 1, p. 146.

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

Two examples of this cosmopolitan species, which is,

no doubt, of American origin, were found by Mr. H. H.

Smith in Grenada. It has already been recorded from

the Antilles. Introduced into Europe, Madeira, and the

Canary Is.

Iccius.

Iccius, Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 147

(1886).

Iecius rufotestaceus, n. sp.

Elongate, narrow, flattened-cylindrical, shining, clear rufo-

testaceous, the elytra paler than the prothorax, the eyes black.

Head sparsely, finely punctate; the sides of the front narrowly

dilated, obliquely converging forwards, and impinging on the eyes

behind, the latter large ; the epistoma in one specimen with a small

tubercle in the middle ; antennz short, widening outwards, joints

5-10 very strongly transverse, 11 short oval. Prothorax longi-

tudinally convex, subquadrate, a little broader than long, slightly

rounded at the sides in front, the angles obtuse ; sparsely, finely

punctate. Elytra of the same width as, and about two and one-

fourth times the length of, the prothorax, parallel to beyond the

middle, finely seriate-punctate, the interstices each with a row

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 19

of exceedingly minute punctures. Anterior tibize widening out-

wards, sharply denticulate on their outer edge. Length 3-3},

breadth 2-3 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side.

Two specimens. This and the following species have

quite the facies of a Corticeus (Hypophleus), from which

genus they may be known by the form of the anterior

tibize and by the elytra completely covering the abdomen.

In the typical species from Central America the man-

dibles are furnished with long erect horns in the male, as

in Gnathocerus, Hchocerus, etc. The insects here described

are without these appendages, and they are probably all

females.

Iecius grenadensis, n. sp.

Closely allied to J. rufotestaceus, and differing as follows :—The

head shorter, the sides of the front narrower ; the epistoma limited

behind by a deep transverse groove, terminating laterally in a

rather deep fovea; the antennze with joints 6-10 very strongly

transverse, 5 transverse but much narrower than 6. Prothorax

shorter, much broader than long, and more finely punctured.

Anterior tibiz narrower, obsoletely denticulate on their outer

edge. Length 24, breadth ¢ mm.

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

One specimen, captured on the wing at sunset.

TRIBOLIUM.

Tribolium, Macleay, Ann. Javan., 1825, p. 47.

Tribolium ferrugineuwm.

Tenebrio ferrugineus, Fabr., Spec. Ins., j., p. 324

C78)

Hab. St. Vincent; Grenada.

The cosmopolitan insect generally known as 7. ferrw-

gineum, Fabr., has been recorded by MM. Fleutiaux and

Sallé from Guadeloupe; it is probable, however, that the

Fabrician name has been wrongly applied.

20 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

ARRHABEUS.

Arrhabeus, Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1,

p. 144 (1886).

Arrhabeus debilis, n. sp.

Moderately convex, shining, piceous or castaneous, the antennx

ferruginous. Head coarsely punctured, deeply, transversely

depressed in front, the sides of the front swollen and moderately

prominent. Prothorax strongly transverse, about equal in width

at the base and apex, the sides slightly rounded and sharply

margined; coarsely, somewhat closely punctate. Elytra twice the

length of the prothorax, arcuately narrowing from about the

middle; coarsely and deeply punctate-sulcate, the interstices

convex at the sides, flatter on the disc, and with a few very minute

widely scattered punctures. Anterior and intermediate tibix

rather coarsely denticulate on their outer edge, the anterior pair

widening outwards.

&. Head broader, with the sides of the front more dilated,

oblique, and extending outwards nearly as far as the eyes.

Length 23-3}, breadth 1-11 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent; Grenada—Balthazar, on the

Windward side.

Numerous examples. This species is almost inter-

mediate between Arrhabeus, Champ., and Diwdus, Lec.

The type of the first-mentioned, A. convewus, Champ.,

from Costa Rica and Panama, has much stouter and

more coarsely denticulate anterior tibiew, and a very

differently formed head. ‘These characters, however,

become much less marked in A. guadelowpensis, Fleut.

and Sallé, and the present insect. In Dicedus the anterior

tibize are rather narrow, and the sides of the front are

not swollen. A. debilis is smaller and less convex

than A. guadeloupensis, and it has the punctuation of the

thorax and elytra much coarser. From Diewdus punctatus,

Lec., an insect found under pine-bark in North America,

it may be known by the prominent sides of the front and

the wider anterior tibie. A. guadelowpensis and A. debilis

would, perhaps, be almost equally well-placed in Diedus.

In rotten wood (Smith).

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 21

ALEGORIA.

Alegoria, Castelnau, Hist. Nat. Ins. Col., ii, p. 221

(1840).

Alegoria dilatata.

Alegoria dilatata, Cast., loc. cit., p. 221; F. Bates,

Ent. Monthly Mag., ix., p. 182, nota; Champ.,

Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 149.

Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side; Grenada—

Balthazar and Windsor.

Numerous specimens. A widely-distributed species

in Tropical America, ranging from Mexico to Peru, but

not previously recorded from the Antilles. A. castelnawi,

Fleut. and Sallé, from the Island of Guadeloupe, chiefly

differs from it in having the punctures of the elytral striae

coarse and distant from each other. Found under the

sheathing bases of decaying banana leaves, etc. (Smith).

ULoMA.

Uloma, Castelnau, Hist. Nat. Ins. Col., ii., p. 220

(1840).

Uloma sulcata,n. sp. (Plate L., fig. 4, ¢.)

Elongate, subparallel, convex, robust, castaneous or rufo-ferru-

ginous, shining. Head very short, closely, finely punctate, trans-

versely grooved in front; the antenne short. Prothorax much

broader than long, transversely convex, a little narrower in front

than at the base, the sides rounded anteriorly and slightly converg-

ing behind, the angles obtuse ; very finely and rather sparsely

punctate, the punctuation a little closer towards the sides and

apex, and with a shallow transverse groove (sometimes obsolete)

before the base, Elytra two and one-half times the length of the

prothorax, narrowing from about the middle ; deeply crenate-

striate, the punctures rather coarse, shallow, and somewhat

distantly placed ; the interstices strongly convex throughout and

sparsely, minutely punctate; the humeri swollen and projecting

in front; the epipleure extending to the apex. Fifth ventral

segment deeply foveate in the middle before the apex.

dg. Anterior tibiz broadly and abruptly widened on the inner

side from about the basal third, concave beneath in their outer

22 Mr. G.C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

half, and with a dense fringe of short fulvous hairs extending

from a little beyond the middle to the apex ; intermediate tibize

elongated, fully twice the length of the tarsi, and bowed inwards

from near the base.

Length 74-11, breadth 34-45 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Kingstown, Windward side and

Leeward side.

Ten specimens, varying greatly in size. In the large

well-developed males the thorax is very convex and

more rounded at the sides, and the anterior tibiz are

strongly dilated. Allied to U. levicollis, Champ., from

Central America; but differing from it (and from the

European forms also) in the non-excavate disc of the

thorax in the males, and also in the form of the tibize in

this sex. ‘The fifth ventral segment is foveate in the

middle in both sexes. ‘The variation in size and develop-

ment of the males is almost as great as in some species

of Anisotomidxe. The specimens of this and of the follow-

ing species of the genus were found under bark or in

rotten wood.

Uloma antillarwm, n. sp.

Elongate, subparallel, convex, rufo-ferruginous, shining. Head

short, closely, finely punctate, and with a very deep transverse

groove in front; the antennz short. Prothorax nearly one-half

broader than long, a little narrower in front than at the base, the

sides rounded anteriorly and slightly converging behind, the angles

obtuse ; sparsely, very finely, unequally punctate, with a narrow

space down the middle impunctate, and with a shallow transverse

groove before the base. Elytra narrowing from about the middle,

deeply crenate-striate, the punctures rather coarse, shallow, and

somewhat distantly placed, the interstices moderately convex, and

with a few exceedingly minute scattered punctures, the humeri a

little swollen in front. Fifth ventral segment deeply foveate in

the middle before the apex.

¢. Anterior tibie# broadly and abruptly widened on the inner

side from about the basal third, concave beneath, and with a dense

fringe of short fulvous hairs extending from a little beyond the

middle to the apex; intermediate tibiae bowed inwards from

about the basal third.

Length 73-81, breadth 31-33 mm. (¢ @?.)

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 23

One male and two females. Closely allied to U. sulcata ;

but less robust, and also differing from it in the more

transverse thorax, flatter elytral interstices, and more

deeply grooved head. ‘The male characters are similar.

The fifth ventral segment is also foveate in both sexes.

Uloma grenadensis, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel, very convex, rufo-ferruginous, shining.

Head very short, closely, finely punctate, transversely grooved in

front ; the antenne short. Prothorax nearly one-half broader than

long, a little narrower in front than at the base, the sides rounded

anteriorly and slightly converging behind, the angles obtuse ;

sparsely, finely, unequally punctate, with a narrow space down

the middle impunctate, and with indications of a shallow trans-

verse groove before the base. Elytra narrowing from about the

middle, finely crenate-striate, the ptnctures closely placed, the

interstices flat on the disc, feebly convex towards the sides, and

sparsely, minutely punctate, the humeria little swollen in front.

Fifth ventral segment deeply foveate in the middle before the

apex.

g@. Anterior tibiae widened on the inner side from about the

basal third, concave beneath, and with a dense fringe of short

fulvous hairs extending from a little beyond the middle to the

apex; intermediate tibise bowed inwards from about the basal

third ; hind tibie feebly triangularly dilated on the inner side a

little before the middle.

Length 7-83, breadth 3-35 mm. (2.)

Hab. Grenada—Black Forest Estate and Balthazar,

en the Windward side.

Two males, one of which is considerably larger and

broader than the other. Differs from U. sulcata and U.

antillarum in the much more finely crenate-striate elytra,

the punctures of the striz closely placed, the interstices

flat on the disc; the punctuation of the thorax is dis-

tinctly coarser, and the hind tibic in the male are feebly

triangularly dilated on the inner side near the middle.

The thorax is more transverse than in U. sulcata.

Uloma parvula, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, subparallel, convex, shining ; rufous or

ferruginous, the scutellum and elytra often fuscous or piceous,

the elytra sometimes piceous with the suture and shoulders

24 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

ferruginous. Head finely, rather sparsely punctate, transversely

grooved in front; the antenne moderately long. Prothorax about

one-half broader than long, much narrower in front than at the

base, the sides rounded anteriorly and slightly converging behind,

the angles obtuse ; sparsely, finely punctate, with a narrow space

down the middle impunctate. Elytra two and one-half times the

length of the prothorax, narrowing from the middle; rather

coarsely crenate-striate, the strive shallow, the punctures becoming

coarser towards the sides and finer at the apex, and not very closely

placed ; the interstices feebly convex and sparsely, distinctly pure-

tate ; the epipleure extending to theapex. Fifth ventral segment

unimpressed, Anterior tibie widening from the base, becoming

very broad at the apex, finely denticulate on their outer edge,

similar in both sexes.

4. Head swollen on either side between the eyes, concave in

the middle ; prothorax with a broad and very deep transversely-

cordate excavation on the anterior part of the disc, the excavation

limited posteriorly by a transverse fold, which is slightly depressed

in the centre.

Length 41-51, breadth 13-2 mm. (6 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side and Leeward side.

Apparently a common insect in the island of St. Vin-

cent. Allied to U. retusa, Fabr., recorded by Fleutiaux

and Sallé from Pointe-d-Pitre, Grande-Terre, but scarcely

half the size of that insect, the thoracic excavation in the

male deeper and differently shaped, the anterior tibia

similar in both sexes. The colour of the elytra is as

variable as in that species.

ALPHITOBIUS.

Alphitobius, Stephens, Il]. Brit., Mand., v., p. 11 (1832).

Alphitobius piceus.

Helops piceus, Oliv., Hnt., ii, No. 58, p. 17, t. 2,

figg. 13a, b (1795).

Alphitobius piceus, Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv.,

1, p. 156; Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

1889, p. 427.*

Hab. St. Vincent.

* It is not necessary to give the rest of the synonymy here.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 25

Two specimens. A cosmopolitan species carried

everywhere by commerce. Recorded from the islands

of Guadeloupe and Grande-Terre. I have also seen an

example of it from Antigua in the collection of the Rev.

‘’. A. Marshall.

DoLieMA.

Doliema, Pascoe, Journ. Ent., i., p. 50 (1860) ; Cham-

pion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 157.*

Schedarosus, Reitter, Col. Hefte, xv., p. 42.

Doliema plana.

Cucujus planus, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth., ii., p. 94.

Doliema plana, Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1,

pp. 157, 535*; Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent.

Fr., 1889, p. 428.+

Sitophagus lecontei, Horn, Rev. Ten. of Am. north of

Mex., p. 346, t. 14, fig. 20 (6).

Schedarosus scidarius, Reitt., Col. Hefte, xv., p. 44.

? Adelina depressa, Er., in Wiegm. Archiv, 1847, 1,

pL:

Hab. Grenadines—Mustique I.

One female specimen. A widely distributed insect

on the mainland of America, ranging from the Southern

United States to Guiana. Also recorded from Cuba and

Grande-Terre.

ZOPHOBAS.

Zophobas, Blanchard, Hist. des Ins., ii, p. 15 (1848) ;

Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 103.

Zophobas morio.

Helops morio, Fabr., Gen. Ins. Mant., p. 241, No. 45

(1777); Spec. Ins., i, p. 325; Mant. Ins., i.,

p- 214; Ent. Syst., i, p. 120; Syst. Hleuth., i.,

p- 160.

* For the rest of the synonymy, see Champ., op. cit.

t D. (Pytho) pallida, Say, is incorrectly given asa synonym by

these authors.

26 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

Zophobas morio, Kraatz, Deutsche ent. Zeit., 1880,

p. 128; Champ., Biol.- Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1,

pp. 104, 522; Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

1839, p. 427.

Ilelops elongatus, Beauy., Ins. Afr. et Amér., p. 164,

t. 31, fig. 9; Chevr., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1852,

p- 638.

Helops nigritus, Oliv., Ent., 111., No. 57, p. 5, t. 2;

fice. 26a, b.

Zophobas concolor, Woll., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,

»7Q

1870, v., p. 33; Col. Sanctee Helene, p. 234

Hab. St. Vincent.

Three specimens, all females, with the elytral inter-

stices a little more convex than usual. Recorded by

Fleutiaux and Sallé, from the islands of Guadeloupe,

Grande-Terre, and Les Saintes. I have also seen speci-

mens of it from Dominica and Trinidad in the collection

of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. Introduced into St. Helena.

lt seems to be almost cosmopolitan.

Zophobas laticollis.

Zophobas laticollis, Motsch., Bull. Mosce., xlv., 2,

pp. 39, 36 (1872); Kraatz, Deutsche ent. Zeit.,

1880, p. 131; Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv.,

1; pp. 1057 522,4t. 5, fig 14g)

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

One female example.

ANEDUS.

Anzdus, Blanchard, Hist. des Ins., ii. p. 35 (1845).

Anzxdus, Lacordaire, Gen. Col., v., p. 396.

Anzxdus quadrinotatus, n. sp.

Oblong oval, shining, piceous or reddish-brown, with a slight

brassy lustre ; the elytra each with a large spot at the shoulder

and another at about one-third from the apex, the latter sometimes

obsolete, rufous or testaceous ; the antennz pitchy-brown, with

the basal two joints, and also the apical one, ferruginous ; the

palpi and legs rufo-testaceous, the femora sometimes infuscate ;

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 27

the upper surface clothed with fine, semi-erect hairs. Head with a

few scattered coarse, deep punctures, deeply, transversely grooved

in front; antenne moderately long, stout, poker ee a little

milena joint 2 very short, 3 nearly twice as long as 2, 4 longer

and stouter than 3, 4-10 subequal in length, about as Greed as

long, 11 much longer and stouter than 10, Prothorax short, trans-

versely convex, constricted behind, the sides angularly dilated at

the middle and also subangulate near the apex, the anterior angles

rounded, the hind angles acutely rectangular ; the surface exceed-

ingly coarsely and somewhat closely punctate. LElytra about three

times the length of, and much wider than, the prothorax, sub-

parallel or slightly widening to the middle and narrowing thence

to the apex, a little flattened on the disc, very coarsely and thickly

punctured, the punctures subserially arranged towards the suture.

Length 23-34, breadth 13-14 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side; Grenada—Grand

Ktang and Balthazar, on the Windward side, and Mount

Gay Kstate, on the Leeward side.

Nine specimens. This small species is allied to

A, maculatus, Champ., from Chiriqui. ‘he elytrai spots

are not always distinct, the posterior one sometimes

obsolete. The genus has apparently not been previously

recorded from the Antilles.* ‘The tibiz are unarmed in

the male. Under leaves, etc.; also attracted to ‘ light ”

(Smith).

PARATENETUS.

Paratenetus, Spinola, Essai Monogr. Clérites, ii.,

p. 116 (1844); Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am.,

Uol., iv., 1, pp. 238, 544.

Storthephora, Maklin, Act. Soc. Fenn., x, pp. 635, 658

(1878).

Paratenetus punctulatus.

Paratenetus punctulatus, Champ., op. cit., p. 545.

Hab. Grenada—Woburn, south end.

One specimen, probably belonging to this species.

The genus has not previously been recorded from the

Antilles. In dry scrubby growth, on foliage (Smith).

* A. delauneyi, Fleut. & Sallé, from Guadeloupe, the type of

which I have examined, is a Cistelid, and belongs to the genus

Iystronychus, Latr.

28 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

CyRTOSOMA.

Cyrlosoma, Perty, Del. Anim. artic. Bras., p. 59 (1830).

Curtosoma herminiert.

Cnodalon Vherminierii, Chevr. in Guérin’s Icon. Régne

Anim., Ins., p. 123, t. 31, figg. 10, 10a; -b

(C. atrum).

Cyrtosoma Vherminieri, Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent.

Fr: 1889; p. 428.

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side ; Grenada—Balthazar

and La Force Estate, on the Windward side.

Several examples from each locality. Original recorded

by Chevrolat from Pointe-a-Pitre, Grande-Terre I., and

subsequently by Fleutiaux and Sallé from Guadeloupe I.

In dry second-growth woods, beaten from vines and

bushes, also under bark of a rotten log (Smith).

BLAPIDA.

Blapida, Perty, Del. Anim. artic. Bras., p. 58 (1830).

Blapida castaneipennis, n. sp.

Obscure reddish-brown, the head, palpi, antenna, and legs, and

the lateral, basal, and apical margins of the prothorax, black ; the

head and prothorax dull or feebly shining, the elytra shining ;

beneath darker than above, the prosternum black, the ventral

surface piceous. Head sparsely, very irregularly, minutely

punctate. Prothorax transverse, gradually narrowing from about

the basal third to the apex, parallel behind, the anterior angles

rounded ; very sparsely, minutely punctate. Elytra elongate,

broad, gibbous towards the base, and with the dise flattened and

gradually declivous thence to the apex, the apex of each elytron

very sharply mucronate ; very deeply striate throughout, the striz

finely punctured, the 3rd and 6th near the apex, and the 4th and

5th, and also the 7th and 8th, at some distance before this, coales-

cent ; the interstices smooth and convex. Beneath almost smooth.

Intermediate tibize widened on the inner side at the apex. Length

22-23, breadth 73-8 mm. ( ¢).

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

Two examples. A female of the same species is con-

tained in the British Museum; this was found in the

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 29

island of Trinidad by Mr. Broadway. Allied to B. neo-

tropicalis, Champ., from Central America, but larger and

differently coloured, the thorax more narrowed in front,

the elytral strize more finely punctured and the interstices

more convex. JB. pertyi, Cast., from Brazil, is also an

allied form. On fire-wood, and also attracted to “ light ”

(Smith).

ACROPTERON.

Acropteron, Perty, Del. Anim. artic. Bras., p. 64

(1830).

Acropteron quadraticolle, n. sp.

Very elongate, narrow, convex, shining, brownish-bronze. Head

thickly, unequally punctate, the epistoma smoother, transversely

grooved in front. Prothorax convex, nearly one-half broader than

long, completely margined at the base, the sides feebly sinuate—

almost straight when viewed from above; the anterior angles

very prominent but rather obtuse, the hind angles acute; the

surface somewhat thickly, moderately finely punctate, a narrow

space down the centre excepted, and feebly transversely grooved

in the middle before the base. Elytra about five and one-third

times the length of the prothorax, gradually narrowing for about

three-fourths of their length, and thence rapidly converging to the

apex, the apices sharply mucronate and divaricate; rather coarsely

seriate-punctate ; the interstices smooth, almost flat on the disc,

convex at the sides and apex. Posterior tibie similar in both sexes.

Length 15-163, breadth 23-22 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side; Grenada—Grand

Etang, alt. 1,900 feet, and Balthazar, both on the Wind-

ward side.

Four specimens. Allied to A. puncticolle, Champ.,

from Chiriqui, but differing from it in the broader and

sharply transversely-quadrate thorax, the sides of which

are almost straight, and the angles very prominent;

the head and thorax are also much more sparsely

punctured. From 4A. chabrieri, Fieut. and Sallé, from

Guadeloupe I., it may be known by the divaricate and

sharply mucronate apices of the elytra, and the prominent

anterior angles of the thorax. ‘Ihe posterior tibiz are

simple in the male. On foliage (Smith),

30 Mr. G.C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

MeENTES.

Mentes, Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., p. 559

(1893).

Mentes xneopiceus, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 8, 3.)

Elongate oval, very narrow, feebly convex, subopaque ; pitchy-

black, with a greenish-zneous lustre, the antennze brown, the legs

ferruginous, with the apical halves of the femora infuscate. Head

very sparsely, finely punctate; the eyes very large, narrowly

separated in front ; antennze about half the length of the body,

rather slender, joints 1-3 very short, 3 slightly longer than 2,

4-11 moderately elongate, obconic, subequal in length, 4 stouter than,

and more than twice as long as, 2. Prothorax strongly transverse,

much wider than the head, slightly narrowed in front, rounded at

the sides, transversely grooved before the base, the groove ending

on either side in a deep fovea, which does not reach the basal

margin, the disc also feebly transversely depressed in the middle;

the surface sparsely, finely punctate, with a narrow smooth space

down the middle. Elytra elongate, depressed, a little wider than

the prothorax, narrowing from the middle; finely and rather irre-

gularly punctate-striate, the punctures closely packed ; the inter-

stices almost flat, each with an irregular row of punctures, which

are closely placed and very little finer than those of the striz.

Legs elongate, slender ; the hind pair with the tarsi nearly as long

as the tibiz, and the basal joint of the tarsi as long as the follow-

ing joints united; the anterior tarsi slender and quite simple.

Length 54, breadth 1? mm. ( 2.)

Hab. Grenadines—Mustique I.

One male example. Allied to M. fusiformis, Champ.,

from Guatemala.

TALANUS.

Talanus, Jacquelin Duval, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, vii.,

Ins., p. 66 (1856); Maklin, Ofv. Finsk. Vet. “Soc.

Forh., xx., p. 95 (1878); Champion, Biol. Centr.-

Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 321.

Dignamptus, Ldeonte; Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., xvii.,

p. 421 (1877).

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 31

Talanus cribrarius.

Talanus cribrarius, Jacq. Duv., in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba,

vii., Ins., p. 66; Makl., Ofv. Finsk. Vet.-Soc.

Bork, <Xx.,"ps 0d

Hab. Grenada—Woodford Estate, on the Leeward

side.

A single male specimen, agreeing with one from Cuba

in Mr. F. Bates’s collection. It has a short sharp tooth

on the inner side of each of the tibie a little beyond

the middle. Scrubby hill-sides, on herbage (Smith).

Talanus insularis.

Talanus insularis, Makl., Ofv. Finsk. Vet.-Soc. Férh.,

<x, pve.

Hab. Grenada—Mount Gay Estate, on the Leeward

side, and Balthazar, on the Windward side.

Three specimens (2), probably belonging to this

species. ‘They are less elongate and much smaller than

T’. cribrarius; the legs and antennz are shorter, the

latter with joints 9 and 10 strongly transverse (nearly

as long as broad in 1’. cribrarius); and the elytra are

more distinctly striate, with the punctures coarser. The

male-characters are similar. Miaklin’s types were from

Puerto Rico. Beaten from vines and bushes (Smith).

Talanus ferrugineus, n. sp.

Elongate oval, convex, ferruginous, shining. Head closely,

finely punctate, the epistoma smoother, deeply, transversely

grooved in front; antenne short, thickening outwardly, joints

7-10 strongly transverse, 11 oval, stouter than, and more than twice

’ as long as, 10. Prothorax about as long as broad, the sides rounded

in front and sinuate behind, sharply margined ; thickly, moderately

finely punctate, a space along the middle more sparsely punctured ;

transversely grooved before the base. Elytra moderately long,

about twice as wide as the prothorax, gradually widening to a

little beyond the middle and rapidly narrowing thence to the apex ;

deeply striate, the striw with oval, coarse punctures, the sutural stria

very deeply impressed ; the interstices smooth and convex.

82 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

¢#. Anterior tibiz armed with a sharp triangular tooth on the

inner side a little beyond the middle.

Length 6-63, breadth 2}-23 mm. (¢ ¢.)

Hab. St. Vincent; Grenada—Balthazar, and Chantilly

Estate, on the Windward side.

Six specimens. Allied to 7. guadeloupensis, Fleut. and

Sallé (the types, 2, of which are before me), but entirely

ferruginous in colour, the thorax with a rather deep trans-

verse groove before the base, the antennz with joints

8-10 more strongly transverse. From 1’. subexaratus,

Mikl., from Central and South America, it may be known

by its more robust build, more oval elytra, and ferrugi-

nous colour, and also in having the tooth on the anterior

tibize placed nearer the middle in the males, the tooth on

the intermediate pair being obsolete. Beaten from vines

and brush ; also attracted to “ light ” (Smith).

Talanus levicollis, n. sp.

Elongate, subparallel, convex, subopaque ; black, piceous, or

fuscous, the legs reddish-brown in light-coloured examples, the

antenne and palpi ferruginous. Head sparsely, very minutely

punctate, deeply transversely grooved in front; antennz short,

thickening outwardly, joints 8-10 transverse, wider than 7, 11 oval,

stout. Prothorax a little longer than broad, the sides rounded in

front and sinuate behind, sharply margined; sparsely, minutely

punctate, almost smooth at the sides, and with a short oblique

groove on either side of the middle before the base. Elytra

moderately elongate, one-half wider than the prothorax, subparallel

to about the middle and rapidly narrowing thence to the apex ;

sharply punctate-striate, the strize with oval rather coarse punctures

which become finer towards the apex, the sutural stria very deeply

impressed ; the interstices smooth and feebly convex.

$. The tibiw each armed with a short triangular tooth on the

inner side near the apex.

Length 51-73, breadth 13-2} mm. (4 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent; Grenada—Balthazar, and Chantilly

Estate on the Windward side, Windsor.

Numerous examples of both sexes. This species

differs from all the allied forms in its dull, and sparsely,

minutely punctured thorax. Beaten from vines, bushes,

and dry banana leaves (Smith).

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 33

CISTELIDA.

Losovopa.

Lobopoda, Solier, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1835, p. 233.

Lobopoda insularis,n. sp. (Plate I., figg. 10, 3; 10a,

genitalia.)

&. Elongate, rather broad, black, shining, clothed with

scattered hairs; the tibie pitchy-brown, the tarsi ferruginous ;

the antenne ferruginous, with the five basal joints partly piceous.

Head sparsely, finely punctate ; the eyes very large, approximate

in front ; antennz about half the length of the body. Prothorax

strongly transverse, a little narrowed in front, the sides rounded

anteriorly and almost parallel behind ; the surface sparsely, finely

punctate, obsoletely canaliculate down the middle, transversely

depressed in the centre before the base, and with deep basal fovee.

Elytra elongate, a little wider than the prothorax, gradually nar-

rowing from about the middle to the apex, the apices rounded ;

deeply crenate-striate, the punctures moderately coarse; the

interstices feebly convex, very sparsely, finely punctate. Legs

elongate; tibiz roughly punctured, the anterior pair gradually

widened on the inner side to a little beyond the middle, and

then abruptly narrowed and concave to the apex (appearing

broadly subangularly dilated), the hind pair slightly curved ;

anterior tarsi with joints 1-4, and the intermediate tarsi with

joint 4, broadly lobed beneath. Genitalia: the lateral lobes

slender and moderately long, curved inwards, slightly tapering at

the tip, and fringed with long hairs beneath ; the central sheath

very long and stout, abruptly narrowed at some distance before

the apex, the apex truncate. Length 93, breadth 34 mm.

Hab. Grenadines—Mustique I.

One specimen. More elongate and more parallel than

L. tarsalis, Fleut. and Sallé, from Guadeloupe Island, the

thorax more sparsely punctured, more shining, and dis-

tinctly narrower than the elytra. The anterior tarsi have

the four basal joints lobed beneath. Amongst the

Central-American species it perhaps approaches nearest

to L. oblonga from Yucatan.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parT I. (MARCH.) 3

34 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

Lobopoda ebenina, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 11, ¢, genitalia.)

$. Elongate, somewhat fusiform, convex, deep black, very

shining, clothed with a few scattered hairs; the palpi and tarsi,

the apical joint of the antenne, and the apices of the preceding

joints, ferruginous. Head sparsely, finely punctate ; the eyes very

large, approximate in front ; antennz about half the length of the

body. Prothorax strongly transverse, a little narrowed in front,

the sides rounded anteriorly and almost parallel behind ; the sur-

face very sparsely and somewhat coarsely punctate, transversely

depressed in the middle before the base, and with the basal fovez

sharply defined. Elytra not wider than the prothorax, moderately

elongate, rapidly narrowing from about the middle, and rounded

at the apex; coarsely and deeply crenate-striate, the punctures

closely placed ; the interstices convex, sparsely, finely punctate.

Legs rather short ; anterior and intermediate tarsi stout, with

joints 1-4 broad!y lobed beneath ; anterior tibiz sub-triangularly

widened on the inner side before the middle. Genitalia: the

lateral lobes moderately long, rather narrow, and abruptly curved

inwards at the apex, the apices obtuse; the central sheath

gradually narrowing outwards. Length 84, breadth 3 mm.

Hab. Grenada—Soubise, on the Windward side.

One abraded specimen. Amongst the numerous

Central-American species of Lobopoda described by

myself, L. ebenina is perhaps nearest allied to L.

tristis ; but itis much smaller and more shining, with

less elongate limbs, the thorax almost parallel behind,

and the genitalia in the male very differently formed.

In the shore-woods (Smith).

LYSTRONYCHUS.

Lystronichus, Latreille, Régne Anim., 2nd edit, v.,

p. 41 (1829).

Lystronychus, Lacordaire, Gen. Col., v., p. 514.

Lystronychus tuberculifer, n. sp.

Oval, convex, slightly shining, dark bronze ; the elytra obscure

reddish-brown with an sxneous lustre, with a transverse rufous

patch on the outer part of the disc—in one specimen reduced to a

marginal spot—a little below the base; the antennz cyaneous ; the

upper surface with widely scattered, long, erect, bristly, black

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 35

hairs, which are serially arranged on the elytra. Head densely,

rugosely punctured ; the eyes coarsely granulated, rather large,

separated by a space not equalling the width of one of the eyes as

seen from above ; antenne scarcely half the length of the body,

the joints from the fourth compressed, becoming much broader

outwards, 3 shorter than 4, 7-10 about as broad as long. Prothorax

transversely convex, nearly one-half broader than long, bisinuate at

the base, rounded at the sides, the latter armed with two blunt

teeth before the middle and two acute teeth behind the middle,

and strongly constricted behind, the hind angles acute; the

surface closely, rather coarsely punctate. Elytra much wider than,

and about three and one-half times the length of, the prothorax,

rapidly narrowing from a little beyond the middle ; rather finely

seriate-punctate, the punctures closely placed ; the interstices flat,

the alternate ones each with a row of scattered tubercular eleva-

tions, the others also with two or three similar elevations towards

the apex, and a few widely scattered serially arranged punctures,

the elevations each followed by a setiferous puncture. Length

74-8, breadth 33 mm.

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

Two specimens, both attracted to “light.” In the form

of the head and thorax this insect approaches L. (Anzxdus)

delauneyi, Fleut. and Sallé, from Guadeloupe Island ; but

the antennz (instead of being subfiliform) have the joints

from the fourth compressed and widened. LL. scapularis,

Champ., from Central America, is also an allied species.

The form of the antennz resembles that of Xystropus,

except that the third joint is shorter (not longer) than

the fourth.

Lystronychus rufonotatus, n. sp.

Oblong oval, broad, subopaque, piceous, with a faint seneous

lustre, the elytra with an interrupted transverse rufous patch on

the outer part of the disc a little below the base, the legs reddish-

brown, the antenne with joints 5-11 cyaneous ; the upper surface

with widely scattered, long, erect, black, bristly hairs, which are

serially arranged on the elytra. Head densely, rugosely punctured ;

the eyes coarsely granulated, rather large, separated by a space

equalling the width of one of the eyes as seen from above ;

antennee scarcely half the length of the body, the joints from the

fourth compressed, becoming broader outwards, 3 shorter than 4,

5-10 a little longer than broad. Prothorax transversely convex,

36 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

much broader than long, bisinuate at the base, rounded at the

sides, the latter strongly constricted behind, and armed with four

short blunt teeth, the hind angles acute; the surface densely,

rather coarsely punctate. Elytra one-half wider than, arid nearly

four times the length of, the prothorax, subparallel to the middle,

and rapidly narrowing thence to the apex ; rather finely seriate-

punctate, the punctures closely placed ; the interstices flat, each

with a series of slightly finer, more scattered punctures, the alter-

nate ones also with a series of widely separated tubercular

elevations. Length 9, breadth 34 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—Chateaubelais.

One specimen. Larger, duller, and more elongate than

L. tuberculifer ; the antenne less dilated, and with joints

5-10 longer than broad ; the thorax more densely punc-

tured, with the marginal teeth more obtuse ; the elytral

interstices each side with a row of punctures extending

trom the base to the apex, the tubercular elevations fewer

in number and less raised.

LAGRIIDA.

STATIRA.

Statiura, Lepel. de St. Fargeau et Serville, Encycl.

Méth., x., p. 479 (1825).

Statira antillarum, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, shining, piceous, the head and prothorax

sometimes pitchy-red, the basal half of the femora rufo-testaceous,

the tarsi brownish. Head almost smooth ; the eyes large, coarsely

granulated, separated by a space nearly equalling the width of one

of the eyes as seen from above ; antennx scarcely half the length

of the body, the apical joint nearly as long as joints 6-10 united,

very little shorter in the female. Prothcrax as long as broad,

rounded at the sides, almost smooth. Elytra moderately elongate,

a little more than twice the width of the prothorax, gradually

widening to the middle and rapidly narrowing thence to the

apex, the apices sharp and divaricate ; finely punctate-striate, the

punctures closely placed ; the interstices rather convex, the first,

third, fifth, seventh, and ninth each with about ten or twelve deep

setiferous punctures, the setze very long and erect. Tibi sulcate

on théir outer edge.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 37

Var. Rufo-ferruginous or rufo-testaceous; the legs brown or

obscure testaceous, with the basal half of the femora testaceous.

Length 63-73, breadth 21-23 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward and Windward sides ;

Grenada—Mount Gay and Vendome Estates, on the

Leeward side, Balthazar, on the Windward side; Grena-

dines—Mustique I.

Numerous specimens of the dark form from Grenada

and Mustique; two of the pale variety from St. Vincent.

Allied to S. asperata, Champ., from the Isthmus of

Panama ; but with a shorter apical joint to the antennx

in the male, the femora with their basal half pale, and

the elytra more deeply punctate-striate, the setiferous

impressions not preceded by a tubercle. The setiferous

punctures vary in number and position. SS. fulva, Fleut.

and Sallé, from Guadeloupe I., has ungrooved tibia, and

also differs in other respects from the present insect.

Beaten from vines, herbage, etc.; also attracted to

“ light”? (Smith).

Statira vittata, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 9, 6.)

Moderately elongate, faintly shining ; testaceous, the eyes and

the elytra black, the latter each with a very broad, slightly oblique,

flavo-testaceous stripe on the disc— extending from the base to near

the apex, and nearly or quite reaching the suture behind. Head

almost smooth; the eyes large, coarsely granulated, separated by a

space nearly equalling the width of one of the eyes as seen from

above ; antennze moderately long in the male, a little shorter in

the female, the apical joint in both sexes slightly longer than 9 and

10 united. Prothorax a little wider than the head, as broad as

long, rounded at the sides, sharply margined at the base, and with

acute hind angles ; the surface with a few scattered very minute

punctures. Elytra moderately elongate, rapidly narrowing from a

little beyond the middle ; finely punctate-striate, the punctures

closely placed ; the interstices rather convex, the third with about

eight, the fifth with three or four, the seventh with one (at the

shoulder), and the ninth with three or four (towards the apex),

setiferous punctures. Length 63-81, breadth 2-2 mm. (¢ @.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side; Grenadines—

Mustique I. ia

38 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

Numerous examples. Allied to S. conspicillata and

S. pulchella, Mikl., from Central America, but very

differently coloured. ‘The thorax is without marginal

carina, and the tibiz are ungrooved on their outer edge.

There is very little difference in the form of the antennz

in the sexes, those of the female being merely a little

shorter.

PYTHIDA.

SosTHENES.

Sosthenes, Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv, 2,

p. 106 (1889).

Sosthenes parvulus, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, rather depressed, very shining, glabrous ;

greenish-zeneous, the humeri indeterminately brownish, the

labrum, oral organs, legs, and antenne testaceous, the latter with

the apical three joints piceous. Head very broad and short,

sparsely, finely punctate ; the eyes prominent, coarsely granulated ;

antenne short, scarcely reaching the base of the prothorax, slender,

the apical three joints widened and forming a loose club, 9 and 10

transverse. Prothorax as wide as the head including the eyes,

transversely cordate, much narrower at the base than at the apex ;

somewhat coarsely and moderately closely punctate, the punctures

becoming coarser and more crowded at the sides. Elytra a little

more than twice the length of the prothorax, and slightly wider

than it, truncate in front, subparallel to the middle and arcuately

narrowing thence to the apex, deeply transversely depressed below

the base, the basal portion, except along the suture, appearing

transversely swollen ; finely punctate to a little beyond the middle,

the punctuation close and confusedly arranged near the suture,

becoming denser at the base, scattered and subseriately arranged

towards the sides, and completely obsolete on the declivous apical

portion. Beneath with scattered punctures on the abdomen and

metasternum, those on the latter coarse, the prosternum and pro-

pleur very coarsely punctured. Length 13} mm.

Hab. Grenada—Grand Etang, on the Windward side,

1,900 feet.

A single specimen. In its structural characters this

minute species agrees with the type of the genus,

S. dychirioides, Champ., from Guatemala, from which it

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 39

differs in its depressed form, more prominent eyes, more

slender antenne, etc. ‘J‘he elytra have a deep transverse

depression below the base, as in various species of

Salpingus, Anthicus, ete. An allied undescribed form

from Guadeloupe is contained in the collection of

M. Fleutiaux of Paris. Beaten from bushes in the

forest (Smith).

Gi DEMERI DAK.

OXACIS.

Oxacis, Leconte, New Sp. Col., p. 165 (April, 1866).

Hypasclera, Kirsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr., xxx., p. 210

(July, 1866).

Owacis simplex.

Copidita simplex, C. O. Waterh., Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond., 1878, p. 308.

Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side; Grenadines—

Mustique I.

Six examples. The punctuation of the upper surface

is exceedingly fine and close, and the pubescence is fine

and silky. The claws are angularly dilated within. The

Jeft mandible is pointed at the tip, and the right mandible

is toothed on the upper side before the apex. ‘The

antenne vary in colour from testaceous to piceous, the

two basal joints being always pale. Specimens of this

species have also been collected in the island of Antigua,

by the Rev. ‘T. A. Marshall. The type was from

St. Bartholomew.

Oxacis antillarum, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, rather broad, shining ; testaceous, the head

with a broad stripe down the middle, the prothorax with a median

line, not reaching the base or apex, and the tips of the mandibles,

piceous, the eyes black; the antennez fusco-testaceous, the two

basal joints flavous ; the elytra fusco-piceous with a bluish lustre,

with a broad sutural stripe, abruptly narrowed at the base, and the

lateral margin very narrowly, flavous ; the abdomen in great part

piceous, testaceous at the base ; above and beneath rather sparsely

clothed with fine yellowish-cinereous pubescence. Head thickly

40 Mr, G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleopteru

punctured, the eyes very large; (antennz with joints 6-11 broken

off). Prothorax wider than the head, subcordate, closely and

rather coarsely punctate, with a longitudinal median carina

towards the apex, this being replaced behind by a smooth narrow

space, the disc depressed on either side before the middle. Elytra

moderately long, one-half wider than the prothorax, closely and

finely punctate, and with two faint coste on the disc. Legs stout ;

claws angularly dilated within. Length 9}, breadth 2} mm, (9.-)

Hab. St. Vincent—Chateaubelais.

'This insect resembles O. simplex in colour, except that

the head is infuscate along the middle, and the thorax

has a dark median line; itis, however, more shining and

much more distinctly punctured, the punctures on the

thorax being rather coarse, and the pubescence is coarser.

The mandibles are long, slender, and simple, pointed at

the tip.

CopipIira.

Copidita, Leconte, New Sp. Col., p. 164 (1866) ;

Leconte & Horn, Class. Col. N. Am., p. 405.

Copidita costata, n. sp.

Elongate, rather broad, subopaque ; testaceous, the eyes and the

tips of the mandibles black, the elytra with a broad submarginal

pale brownish stripe extending from the base to the apex ; above

and beneath finely pubescent. Head thickly, finely punctate ;

(antenne broken off). Prothorax slightly wider than the head,

subcordate, about as broad as long, closely, finely, very distinctly

punctate, the disc flattened in the centre before the base, and also

depressed on either side before the middle. Elytra moderately

elongate, nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, closely, shallowly,

very finely punctate, and with four well-defined coste—the third

abbreviated in front and behind, and the second and fourth almost

confluent behind—the suture also raised and costiform. Legs

stout. Length 103, breadth 2} mm. (@.)

Hab. ? St. Vincent.

A single mutilated example of this species is contained

in Mr. Smith’s Antillean collections. It is, unfortunately,

not labelled with the exact locality, but is probably from

his first collection made at St. Vincent. ‘The elytral

coste are unusually well-defined. The left mandible is

truncate and scarcely emarginate ; the right mandible is

bifid at the tip.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 41

Copidita lateralis.

Copidita lateralis, C. O. Waterh., Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond., 1878, p. 307.

Hab. Grenada—Mount Gay Estate, on the Leeward

side; Grenadines—Mustique I.

One specimen from each locality. ‘The insect was

described originally from San Domingo and Jamaica.

Attracted to “light” (Smith).

Copidita tenella.

Copidita tenella, C. O. Waterh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1878, p. 307.

Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side.

One specimen. Described from the island of

St. Thomas. ‘lhe mandibles are feebly bifid at the tip.

Copidita quadrilineata, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 12.)

Moderately elongate, rather narrow, subopaque; pale flavous,

the eyes black ; the elytra slate-coloured, with the sutural and

lateral margins, the first costa from a little below the base to near

the middle, and the second costa from the base to near the apex,

flavous ; the antennez black, with the basal joint obscure testaceous,

the palpi and the tips of the mandibles fuscous, the legs pale

flavous, with the tarsi and the apices of the tibiz infuscate; above

and beneath rather sparsely clothed with fine yellowish-cinereous

pubescence. Head thickly punctured ; antennz more than half the

length of the body. Prothorax longer than broad, subcordate,

parallel behind, the anterior part as wide as the head, closely, very

finely punctate, the disc depressed in the middle at the base and

also on either side anteriorly. Elytra moderately elongate, more

than one-half wider than the prothorax, densely, subrugosely

punctured, and with three distinct costee—two on the disc and one

close to the lateral margin, the latter rather prominent. Legs

rather stout. Length 7, breadth 12 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent.

One specimen only, probably a male, of this well-

marked species has been received. ‘The two outer cost

of the elytra are more distinct than in the allied forms,

C. frontalis, etc. The thorax is somewhat abruptly

narrowed about the middle and parallel thence to the

base, the anterior half being rounded at the sides.

42 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

Copidita frontalis,n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 13.)

Moderately elongate, narrow, the head and prothorax shining, the

elytra opaque ; brownish-black, the anterior half of the head, the

prothorax, and the sutural and lateral margins of the elytra to near

the apex, the former rather broadly, flavous or flavo-testaceous ; the

legs flavo-testaceous, the tarsi, the base of the first joint excepted,

and the apices of the tibia, infuscate ; the antenne black, with the

base of the first joint testaceous ; finely pubescent, the pubescence

partaking of the ground colour. Head closely, very finely punctate ;

antennz more than half the length of the body. Prothorax sub-

cordate, longer than broad, a little narrower than the head, closely,

very finely punctate ; the disc depressed on either side before the

middle, and flattened in the centre before the base. Elytra

moderately elongate, nearly twice the width of the prothorax,

densely, subrugosely punctured, and with indications of three faint

coste on the disc. Legs moderately slender. Length 6, breadth

1} mm.

Hab. St. Vincenu—Leeward and Windward sides.

‘wo examples, probably males. ‘The sutural and

lateral margins of the elytra are of a paler yellow thar

the prothorax.

Copidita grenadensis, n. sp.

Moderately clongate, narrow, the head and prothorax shining,

the elytra opaque ; black, the anterior half of the head, the front

coxe, the prothorax, and the sutural and lateral margins of the

elytra to near the apex, very narrowly, flavous ; finely pubescent,

the pubescence partaking of the ground colour. Head com-

paratively short, closely, finely punctate ; antenne rather slender,

a little more than half the length of the body. Prothorax

scarcely narrower than the head, about as long as broad, sub-

cordate, slightly depressed on either side of the disc before the

middle, closely, finely punctate, smoother in the centre. Elytra

moderately elongate, one-half wider than the prothorax, densely,

subrugosely punctured, with indications of three faint coste on the

dise, the inner one short. Legs slender. Length 53, breadth 14mm.

Hab. Grenada—Mount Gay Kstate, on the Leeward

side. ise

_ One specimen, probably a male. This small species

is allied to C. frontalis, but. differs from it in having the

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 48

legs black and more slender, the thorax shorter, wider,

and less densely punctured. Found on the wing at sun-

set (Smith).

XY LOPHILIDA,

XYLOPHILUS.

Xylophilus, Latreille, Fam. Nat. du Regne Anim.,

p- 383 (1825).

This genus has not hitherto been recorded from the

Antilles or South America.

Xylophilus trifasciatus.

Xylophilus trifasciatus, Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am.,

Col.,:1¥.,°2;-p. Lvl tS, tig: 4:

Hab. Grenada—St. George’s, on the Leeward side.

One female specimen, differing from those from Central

America in having the two basal joints only of the antenne

infuscate.

Xylophilus exquinoctialis.

Xylophilus xquinoctialis, Champ., loc. cit., p. 180, t. 8,

fio. 15.

_ Hab. St. Vineent—Balthazar, on the Windward side,

St. John’s River, on the Leeward side.

Numerous examples. Apparently a widely distributed

Tropical-American insect, ranging from the Mexican

State of Vera Cruz to Panama, and probably further

south. Beaten from bushes, also flying (Smith).

Xylophilus nigricollis, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 14, ¢.*)

g. Oval, rather narrow, moderately convex, shining ; the head

and prothorax black; the elytra testaceous, with a rather broad

black median fascia, which is widened outwards and extends for-

wards along the lateral margin, the fascia in one specimen inter-

rupted at the suture, the suture itself narrowly infuscate; the

antenne testaceous, with the basal joint piceous ; the legs testaceous,

* The minute penultimate tarsal joint cannot be shown in the

figures of this and the following species.

44 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

the hind femora in great part piceous ; the upper surface sparsely

clothed with rather long, decumbent, yellowish-cinereous hairs.

Head broad, sparsely, finely punctate, very narrowly extended on

either side behind the eyes; the latter large, coarsely granulated,

and very narrowly separated in front; the antenne moderately

long, rather stout, joint 1 elongate, 2 short, transverse, 3-10 gradu-

ally decreasing in length and increasing in width, 3 twice as long as

2, 9and 10 about as broad as long, 11 long and stout, obliquely

truncate and acuminate at the apex. Prothorax subquadrate, a

little narrowed in front, slightly broader than long, narrower than

the head, thickly, moderately finely punctate. Elytra short, oval,

nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, thickly, somewhat coarsely

punctate. Legs rather stout, the hind femora strongly clavate,

the anterior tibiae bowed inwards towards the apex. Length 2-23,

breadth 3? mm.

Hab. Grenada—Mount Gay Hstate, on the Windward

side.

Two males. Allied to the Central-American X. cineti-

pennisand X. chiriquensis, Champ., but with shorter and

less parallel elytra, differently formed antenns, etc. On

bushes, also flying (Smith).

Xylophilus guttatus, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 15.)

Short and broad, convex, dull ; the head piceous or black ; the

prothorax ferruginous, with a transverse dark brown fascia across

the middle, sometimes divided into three spots; the elytra testa-

ceous or ferrugineo-testaceous, with a common transverse patch at

the base, sometimes divided at the suture, a spot on the outer part

of the disc a little lower down, the sides in front, an angulated

fascia about the middle, and a transverse mark on the outer part of

the disc near the apex, dark brown; the antennz and legs flavo-

testaceous, the hind femora infuscate ; the under surface fusco-

ferruginous ; the upper surface closely, finely punctate, and thickly

clothed with a fine, sericeous pubescence, which is whitish on the

head and scutellum, and on the light-coloured portions of the pro-

thorax and elytra, and brown onthe other parts ; the under surface

also closely punctured and clothed with whitish pubescence. Head

short and broad ; the eyes large, occupying the whole of the side of

the head, rather coarsely granulated, narrowly separated in front in

the..male, a little more distant in the female ; antenne—( 2.)

moderately long, slender, filiform, joints 1 and 2 stout, subequal,

3-10 about equal in length, 3 slightly longer than 2, 11 stout, much

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 45

longer than 10, obliquely truncate at the apex—( @) shorter and

with joints 6-10 gradually increasing in width, ) and 10 about as

broad as long. Prothorax transverse, nearly as wide as the head,

with a shallow transverse groove on either side of the disc about the

middle. Elytra nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, and about

twice as long as broad, narrowing from the middle, and very

obtuse behind, without distinct depressions. Legs rather short,

the hind femora stout; similar in both sexes. Length 14-13,

breadth 4-7 mm. (4 @.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward and Windward sides;

Grenada—Chantilly Estate.

Twelve specimens, most of which are in a bad state

of preservation. ‘The description is taken from the

St. Vincent examples. The two from Grenada are in a

mutilated condition, and one of them has the dark mark-

ings much more extended and confluent, so as to leave

some smal] whitish-pubescent spots only on the elytra.

This peculiar little species is allied to X. laticollis,

Champ., and other Mexican forms. Beaten from herbage

in scrubby forest (Smith).

ANTHICIDAS.

Macratria.

Macratria, Newman, Ent. Mag., v., p. 377 (1838).

Macratria femoralis, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 16, ¢.)

Elongate, subparallel, shining, brown or reddish-brown, the

prothorax piceous in one exampie; the head ferruginous, testa-

ceous in front, the eyes black, the antennz and legs testaceous,

the posterior femora with a large black spot on the inner face near

the apex ; beneath piceous or brown, the last two ventral segments

ferruginous; the upper surface thickly clothed with rather long

fine decumbent yellowish-cinereous hairs, with scattered inter-

mixed long erect hairs, the under surface also thickly pubescent.

Head thickly, very minutely punctate; the eyes large, converging

in front; antennz slender, moderately long, joints 3-8 equal in

length, 9-11 much longer and stouter. Prothorax longer than

broad, narrowing behind and dilated at the base, densely, finely

punctate. Elytra about two and one-half times the length of, and

46 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

a little wider than, the prothorax, broader in the female, parallel

to beyond the middle, and conjointly rounded at the apex ; closely,

finely, confusedly punctate, and with a fine sutural stria. Beneath

densely, very finely punctate.

$. Fifth ventral segment broadly and deeply excavate in the

middle, the excavation extending from the base to the apex.

Length 33-44, breadth 1-1; mm. (4 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side, alt. 1,000 feet.

One pair. This species is more parallel and has a

relatively wider thorax than most of the American forms

known to me; there is no trace of a linear arrangement

of the punctures on the elytra; the hind femora have a

conspicuous black spot near the apex. The genitalia of

the male are exposed ; and from the apex of the abdomen

there projects a very large, broad, spoon-shaped, mem-

branous piece—apparently a modified terminal dorsal

segment, wider than the apex of the abdomen—which

is furnished with two long setz at the apex. Under

rubbish on the banks of a stream in the forest (Smith).

ANTHICUS.

Anthicus, Paykull, Fauna Suecica, 1., p. 255 (1798).

Anthicus sulcipennis, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, convex, black or pitchy-black ; the antennz

testaceous, with the apical four joints, and sometimes the base of

the first also, black ; the elytra with two oblique testaceous fascize

—one before, the other beyond the middle, the anterior one

widening outwards, neither reaching the suture ; the legs pitchy-

black, the tarsi and the base of the femora testaceous ; the head

and prothorax dull, the elytra shining, the upper surface clothed

with a few short fine scattered hairs. Head rather large, convex,

suborbicular, finely scabrous; the eyes large and prominent

antenne moderately long, thickening outwardly, the penultimate

joint transverse. Prothorax longer than broad, much narrower

than the head, strongly constricted and compressed behind the

middle, parallel towards the base, the anterior portion globose ;

the surface scabrous and very finely punctured, Elytra rather

short, twice as wide as the prothorax, gradually widening to the

middle, very deeply transversely grooved below the base, the space

in front of this transversely swollen, except at the suture; the

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 47

surface very finely, rather sparsely punctate. Legs slender, the

femora moderately thickened. Length 24-24, breadth } mm.

Hab. Grenada—Mount Gay Hstate, on the Leeward

side.

Four specimens. Allied to A. gibbicollis and A. albi-

cinctus, La Ferté, and A. clavicornis, Champ., but

differing from all these in its finely scabrous head and

thorax, and in having an additional fascia on the elytra.

The pubescence is sparse and easily abraded. ‘Tbe post-

median fascia extends obliquely upwards and the ante-

median one slightly downwards, but they do not nearly

reach the suture. On bushes in open places (Smith).

Anthicus trifasciatus.

Anthicus trifasciatus, Fabr., Syst. Hleuth., i., p. 291;

La Ferté, Monogr. Anrthic., p. 189; Fleut. et

Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1889, p. 432.

Hab. St. Vincent ; Grenada ; Grenadines—Mustique I.

Found in abundance by Mr. Smith in various parts of

St. Vincent and Grenada, and also sparingly at Mustique

Island. Recorded by La Ferté from St. Thomas, and by

Vleutiaux and Sallé from Guadeloupe. I have also seen

it from Trinidad. The markings are frequently indis-

tinct or partly obliterated. In fresh examples the elytra

are clothed with scattered, long, erect hairs, Shaken

from heaps of decaying weeds in cacao-orchards, etc.

(Smith).

Anthicus floralis.

pale ahd (Payk.), La Ferté, Monogr. Anthic.,

ae een is, Say, Journ. Acad. Phil. ue a: 279 ;

Quedenf., Berl. ent. Zeitschr., 1886, p. 1

Hemantus floralis, Casey, Ann. N. York Nend: Viil.,

p- 683 (1895).

Hab. Grenada—Mount Gay Estate, on the Leeward

side, Balthazar, on the Windward side.

Numerous examples of this cosmopolitan insect were

obtained by Mr. Smith. Recorded from Guadeloupe by

48 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

La Ferté, and from Puerto Rico by Quedenfeldt. It is

omitted from MM. Fleutiaux and Sallé’s list of the Coleo-

ptera of Guadeloupe. This insect has recently been

taken by Capt. Casey ‘(loc. cit.) as the type of a new

genus, Hemantus. One of the characters given for it

in his Table of genera (loc. cit., p. 641) is taken from the

form of the mesosternum, which he describes as “ variable

in extent, becoming subgeneric in weight”: I con-

fess I am quite unable to grasp the meaning of such a

definition.

Anthicus grenadensis, n. sp.

Elongate, depressed, shining, sparsely pubescent ; testaceous,

the elytra piceous or pitchy-black, each with a broad transverse

fascia a little below the base and a large ante-apical spot, neither

reaching the suture, testaceous ; the antenne sometimes with the

outer joints slightly infuscate, the eleventh pale. Head large,

subtriangular, with a few scattered punctures at the sides, the

occiput grooved in the middle; the eyes moderately large and

coarsely granulated ; antenne moderately elongate, rather slender.

Prothorax as long as broad, a little narrower than the head, the

sides obliquely converging from about one-third from the apex,

rounded in front, and slightly dilated at the base; the surface

sparsely punctured, canaliculate down the middle, the channel:

deeply excavate towards the base, the base grooved on either side.

Elytra moderately elongate, about twice as wide as the prothorax,

feebly rounded at the sides, depressed, finely and somewhat thickly

punctate. Length 23-3, breadth 7-1 mm.

Hab. Grenada—Granville, Windward side.

Four specimens. Allied to A. curraz, Champ., from

Eastern Mexico; but much more shining, the thorax

deeply grooved down the middie behind and sparsely

punctured, the eyes smaller, etc. Under rubbish on the

sandy sea-shore (Smith).

MORDELLID.

_Morve.ra.

Mordella, Linneeus, Syst. Nat., 10th edit., 1., p. 420

(1758).

Mordella sexguttata, n. sp.

Comparatively short ; testaceous, the eyes black, the prothorax

with an oval piceous mark on the middle of the dise extending to

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 49

near the base, the elytra brownish or piceous, becoming indetermin-

ately paler on the disc towards the base ; the under surface with

the sides of the metasternum and of the hind cox broadly, and

the first four ventral segments in great part, piceous, or rufo-testa-

ceous, with the second and third ventral segments only in part

piceous; the pygidium in the middle, and the extreme apex of the

hind tibiz and also that of the first three hind tarsal joints, infus-

cate or black ; the elytra each with a small rounded spot near the

suture a little below the base, a smaller one lower down at the

side, a broad transverse sublunate mark at one-third from the apex,

and an indistinct apical patch (visible only in certain lights),

cinereo-pubescent, the rest of the pubescence of the upper surface

fulvous, that of the under surface fulvous or yellowish-cinereous.

Antenne slender, rather short, joint 3 very small, much shorter

than 2 or 4. Elytra rather short, gradually narrowing from the

base. Pygidium very elongate, slender. Length to end of the

elytra, 24 mm. ( ¢.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side; Grenada—Bal-

thazar, on the Windward side.

Two specimens, one of which is without head and

thorax. This pretty little species is allied to the Central-

American M. flavonotata, M. nigromaculata, Champ., ete.

The spots are entirely due to the colour of the pubescence.

The hind tibizs have a single short subapical ridge, as

usual in Mordella.

CONALIA.

Conalia, Mulsant, Ann. Sci. Nat. Lyon, 1858, p. 313;

Opusc. Ent., ix., p. 55; Emery, Essai Mon. Mord.,

p. 73; Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 2,

p- 306.

Conalia ebenina.

‘Conalia ebenina, Champ., loc. cit., p. 306, t. 13,

figg. 20, 20a-—c.

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side; Grenadines—

Mustique I.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parT I. (MARCH.) 4

50 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

Found in plenty in St. Vincent. The insect is widely

distributed in Central America. It is easily distinguish-

able by the peculiar sculpture of the hind tibize and tarsi

(loc. cit., fig. 20c) and the extremely short pygidium.

Conalia fulvoplagiata, n. sp.

Short; black, the elytra with an oblique fulvous humeral

patch, the basal joints of the antenne fusco-testaceous, the hind

tibial spurs flavous; the pubescence brownish. Antenne short,

joints 3 and 4 slender, short, equal, 5-11 considerably widened,

7-10 transverse. Elytra gradually narrowing from a little below

the base. Pygidium very short, not much longer than the hypo-

pygium, and not extending beyond the apex of the elytra.

Length, 14-23 mm.

Hab. Grenada—Lake Antoine and Mount Gay Estates,

and St. George’s, all on the Leeward side, and Grand

Ance, at the south end.

Hight specimens. The insect is perhaps nothing more

than a colour-variety of C. ebenina, but as it seems to be

confined to the island of Grenada, it is advisable to

name it.

MorbDELLISTENA.

Mordellistena, Costa, Faun. Reg. Napol., Mordellid.,

pp: 16, 31 (1854).

Mordellistena pallida, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, narrow, rather dull ; testaceous, the eyes

black, the elytra usually indeterminately brownish at the sides

below the base, this colour sometimes extending inwards ; the

extreme apex of the hind tibiz, and also that of the first three hind

tarsal joints, and the oblique ridges, black ; the pubescence fulvous.

Antenne slender, moderately long, joints 3 and 4 short, equal.

Elytra moderately elongate. Pygidium very elongate, slender.

Hind tibia with three oblique ridges—two very short, near the

apex, the other extending obliquely across their outer face from

the middle to near the base ; first joint of the hind tarsi with three,

the second joint with two, short oblique ridges. Length to end of

the elytra, 2-23 mm. (¢ ¢).

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side, and Kingstown.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 51

Hight specimens. I have also seen it from Guadeloupe,

in the collection of M. Fleutiaux of Paris, and from

Antigua, in the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall.

The anterior tibize are very slender in the males. The

peculiar sculpture of the hind tibiz is common to several

of the Central-American species of the genus. The insect

is nearest allied to M. luteola and M. isabellina, Champ.,

from both of which it differs in its much smaller size,

shorter antenne, and shorter apical ridges of the hind

tibiee.

RHIPIDOPHORIDA.

MaAcrosIAGon.

Macrosiagon, Hentz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., iii., p. 462,

t. 15, fige. 3da—d (1830).

Emenadia, Castelnau, Hist. Nat. Ins. Col., ii., p. 261

(1840).

Macrosiagon octomaculatus.

Rhipiphorus octomaculatus, Gerst., Rhipiph. Col. Fam.

Disp. Syst., p. 22; Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc, Ent.

Fr., 1889, p. 432.*

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side, and Windward

side.

Five specimens. Recorded by MM. Fleutiaux and

Sallé from Guadeloupe,

RHIPIDOPHORUS.

Rhipiphorus, Bose d’Antic, Journ. d’Hist. Nat., ii.,

p. 298 (1792).

Myodes, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxii,

p. 130 (1818).

Rhiptdophorus (Myodes) sancti-vicentis, n. sp.

9. Black, finely pubescent; the legs piceous, with the first

joint of the tarsi testaceous at the base. Head densely, finely

punctate, broadly concave and smoother in front, obliquely nar-

* The synonymy is given by me elsewhere, ef. Biol. Centr.-Am.,

Col., iv,, 2, p. 356.

52 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

rowed behind the eyes; the vertex feebly longitudinally carinate

in the middle ; antennz rather elongate, with seven long rami on

the inner side, the rami decreasing in length outwards. Prothorax

densely, finely punctate ; the posterior half of the disc transversely

depressed, the depression limited on either side anteriorly by a

smooth oblique ridge, in front of which is a smooth space. Elytra

coriaceous, finely, shallowly punctate, the humeri smooth and

shining. Abdomen, above and beneath, the first dorsal segment

excepted, sparsely punctured. Metasternum densely punctured.

Intermediate and hind tibiz bowed inwards ; the hind pair broadly

compressed and roughly punctured, rounded externally. Hind

tarsi with the basal joint slender and slightly curved, as long as the

following joints united. Wings hyaline, smoky towards the apex,

the costa piceous. Length 4 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent.

One specimen. This small species is allied to

R. (Myodes) niger, C. O. Waterh., from Central America ;

but differs from it in the flat, feebly carinate, vertex, the

slender basal joint of the hind tarsi, and the finely and

shallowly punctured elytra. ‘The antennz are furnished

with rami on the inner side only, and the specimen is

no doubt a female.

CANTHARIDA.

Horta.

Horia, Fabricius, Mant. Ins., i., p. 164 (1787).

Horia maculata.

Cucujus maculatus, Swed. Vetensk. Ac. nya Handl.,

L787, p- 1095s. 8, fig. 3.

Horia maculata, Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

1889, p. 483; Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv.,

2; p. Vl

Hab. St. Vincent—southern end.

One mutilated female specimen, found under a rotten

log. A widely distributed Tropical-American insect, and

stated to be parasitic on a species of the Hymenopterous

* The full synonymy is given by me, loc. cit.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 53

genus Xylocopa. Recorded from the islands of San

Domingo, Grande-Terre, Guadeloupe, and Barbados; the

Barbados insect, however, is probably referable to

H. auriculata, Champ.

TETRAONYX.

Tetraonyx, Latreille, in Humb. et Bonpl., Obs. Zool., 1.,

p. 160 (1811).

Tetraonyx quadrimaculatus.

Apalus quadrimaculatus, Fabr., Ent. Syst., 1., 2, p. 50.

Tetraonyx quadrimaculatus, Lec., Proc. Acad. Phil., vi.,

p. 344; Haag, Stett. ent. Zeit., 1879, p. 308;

Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1889, p. 433.

Hab. St. Vincent—South end and Windward side ;

Grenada—Mount Gay Estate, on the Leeward side.

Three specimens. Also inhabits the Southern United

States, and the islands of St. Thomas and Guadeloupe, but

not yet recorded from Central America.

ZONITIS.

Zonitis, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., p. 126 (1775).

Zonitis lineata, nu. sp.

Elongate, broad, parallel, dull, finely pubescent ; luteous or

flavo-luteous ; the eyes, the tips of the mandibles, the palpi, and

antenne black, the latter with the extreme base of each joint

testaceous ; the elytra variable in colour—fuscous or fusco-testa-

ceous, with the sutural and lateral margins, the apex, and a line or

stripe down the middle of the disc flavo-luteous—fusco-testaceous,

witha darker patch at the base—flavo-luteous, with two spots at the

base and a streak on the dise towards the apex fuscous—or entirely

flavo-luteous ; the tips of the femora, and the tibiw and tarsi,

black or piceous. Head densely punctured, the punctures very

‘fine on the vertex, the interocular space with a few coarse scattered

punctures only, a narrow space down the middle impunctate ; the

eyes large, transverse, coarsely granulated, separated by a space

about half the width of the eye as seen from above ; antennz very

elongate, slender, filiform, joints 2 and 3 subequal in length.

Prothorax a little broader than long, as wide as the head, rapidly

54 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera.

and obliquely narrowing from the middle forwards ; densely, finely

punctate, a space along the middle more sparsely and more coarsely

punctured. Elytra elongate, parallel, nearly twice as wide as the

prothorax, obtuse at the apex; densely, very finely punctate,

sometimes with indications of one or two faintly raised lines on

the disc. Beneath densely, very finely punctate.

4. Fifth ventral segment broadly and deeply emarginate at the

apex, with a large and very deep triangular depression in the

middle, the bottom of the depression smooth and shining.

Length 14-16, breadth 4-5 mm. ( ¢ ?.)

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

Six specimens, all attracted to “light.” Alhed to

Z. megalops, Champ., from Guatemala.

EXpLANATION oF Piate I.

Fic. 1 zolais tuberculifera, ¢.

2. Ctesicles insularis, g.

3. Crypticus undatus.

4. Uloma sulcata, ¢.

5. Platydema apicenotatum.

6. Lorelus brevicornis.

7. Lorelopsis pilosus.

8. Mentes eneopiceus, ¢.

9. Statira vittata, ¢.

10. Lobopoda insularis, g.

10a. 55 - genitalia.

% ebenina, g, genitalia.

12. Copidita quadrilineata.

13. » frontalis,

14. Xylophilus nigricollis, g.

15s a) guttatus.

16. Macratria femoralis, ¢.

17. Menimopsis excecus, 2.

” 5) antenna.

( 55 )

Il. New and little-known Palearctic Perlide. By Kennetu

JouNn Morton, F.E.S.

[Read Dec. 4th, 1895.]

Prate II.

Azovurt a year ago I attempted a preliminary revision of

the palearctic species of the genus Nemoura, as a

beginning in the direction of increasing our knowledge

of the Perlide. It was then my intention to take up the

genus Leuctra next, but the difficulty of getting materials

in that genus has led me to postpone treatment of it.

Additional material has, however, come to hand in

other genera, and I now submit descriptions of several

new species belonging to Nemoura, Texniopteryx, and

Capnia.

With regard to Txniopteryz, as the description of the

new species will include comparative references to T. tri-

fasciata, it will, with the addition of appropriate figures,

serve to make the latter species better known, especially

as regards the ¢ structure. Albarda’s paper (Annales

de la Soc. Ent. de Belgique, tom. xxxii.), dealing at

length with the nebulosa group, taken in conjunction

with the following notes and figures relating to 7’. Rist

and 7. trifasciata, will practically constitute a revision of

the European species of the genus, the only species

excepted being monilicornis, which I have not yet

seen.

The addition of another species of Capnia to the

British list, or rather its separation from the acknow-

ledged C. nigra, is interesting, and a Capnia from

Amurland is also described.

This opportunity is also taken to give a description

and figures of a curious little form which may yet be

found in this country. It was described by Rostock, in

1892, as Capnodes Schiller ; but as the generic name had

already been used by Guenée in Lepidoptera in 1852, the

new term Capnopsis is proposed.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—paRTI. (MARCH.)

56 Mr. Kenneth J. Morton on

All those entomologists who assisted me with the

Nemoure have contributed help with the present paper.

Special thanks are due to Mr. McLachlan, not only for

allowing me to examine material which may be called

classical, but also for many valuable hints relating to

bibliography.

Nemoura Sahlbergi, n. sp.

In the dry insect, head and pronotum are shining blackish ;

antennz nearly black ; pronotal plate faintly brown on anterior

margin, indistinctly rugose on middle of disc, about same breadth

as the head without the eyes, borders ill defined, lateral margins

receding slightly posteriorly. Meso- and meta-nota also shining

blackish, abdomen dull black. Legs dingy testaceous, femora,

and apices of tibize and tarsi fuscous. Wings greyish, sub-hyaline,

iridescent, neuration pale fuscous, and faintly clouded with

fuscous about pterostigma and x nervures ; in the hindwings the

superior cubitus seems to leave the radius at a considerable distance

from the basal cell.

A species of the avicularis group, not presenting strong cha-

racters, excepting in the appendages of the ¢, which are very

distinct. Broad at the base, these appendages become more

slender in the shaft, and at the apex there is a broad membranous

expausion internally, the chitinized portion forming an out-turned

short hook obscurely two-pointed and inwards being produced into

two long acute spears. Exp. of forewings, 14 to 17 mm.

I have seen a number of examples from Utsjoki, in the

region of Lake Hnara, Finnish Lapland, taken by Dr.

John Sahlberg, to whom I have pleasure in dedicating

the species.

Temopteryx Risi, n. sp.

T’. trifasciata, pars. auct.

Head dark reddish-brown or blackish, antennz blackish, long,

slender, composed of elongate joints, pronotum blackish, the fore

and hind margins sometimes reddish-brown, elongate, narrower in

front than behind ; meso- and meta-nota shining blackish, abdom en

new and little-known Palexarctie Perlide. SWE

dark reddish-brown ; legs reddish-brown, femora and tibiz tips and

the tarsi marked with fuscous. Forewings pale grey, sub-hyaline with

darker clouds, neuration fuscous ; hindwings clearer, slightly dark

at the tips. In the forewings the number of free nervures running

from the upper cubitus to the apical margin is usually two. The

darker cloudings are these: a vague blotch nearer the base, fol-

lowed by a broad median crescent and a narrow crescent, rarely

any evidence of an apical blotch.

In the ¢ the ventral plate is large, elongate, lateral margins

slightly inturned ; apex strongly recurved, its outline rounded and

entire. The genitalia are complicated and the nature of the

various parts uncertain ; two spiniform appendages are sometimes

visible in addition to those shown in fig. 1. Expanse of forewings :

6, 18-22 mm.; ¢, 21-28 mm.

This insect has long been known to Dr. Ris from

Switzerland, and held by him to be a good species, con-

trary to the views of Albarda (expressed in 1889), who

considered it to be a form of T’. trifasciata. It is, how-

ever, abundantly distinct from trifasciata in which the

ventral plate of the 3 is shorter, the apex excised and

less recurved. In the present species also the antennz

are more slender, composed of longer joints, and having

no moniliform joints like those of trifasciata. The

smaller number of free nervures arising from the apical

portion of the upper branch of the cubitus (Albarda’s

nomenclature = upper branch of inferior cubitus of

Nemoura, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1894, p. 574) is

also a useful character, although perhaps not absolutely

constant. It is also noteworthy that in trifasciata

there is usually a dark marking concave inwardly at the

very apex of the wing, of which marking there is rarely,

if ever, any trace in 7. Rist.

As indicated, T. Rist has been found in Switzerland

(Ziirichberg) by Dr. Ris, and amongst Mr. McLachlan’s

continental material there are ?’s which I refer in the

meantime to this species from the following localities :

Albania (S. S. Saunders) ; Pyrenees (Eaton, 10th June) ;

France (Ardéche, May, Fallou; Vosges, 20th July,

McLachlan).

In Britain it is probably generally distributed wher-

ever there are fairly rapid streams. Mr. McLachlan has

it from Haslemere, Surrey (July) ; Rannoch (between 2nd

58 Mr. Kenneth J. Morton on

and 12th June, 1865, McLachlan) ; River Yealm at Corn-

wood, Devon, 16th May ; and Yorkshire (Dunford Bridge,

18th June). It is the species recorded from Rannoch in

Ent, Mon. Mag., vol. xxvii., p. 47, as 7. trifasciata (King

and Morton), and I have found it in May and June in

almost every hilly district in Scotland which I have

visited.

Teniopteryx trifasciata, P.,is no doubt equally wide-

spread, but in this country, and probably elsewhere, it

occurs very early in the season, and is therefore perhaps

less noticed. In Scotland it is very common in the Clyde

district in March, and Mr. King and I found it rather

plentiful at Rannoch in the first half of April last (1895).

The only British ¢ in Mr. McLachlan’s collection is from

the last-named locality (the late Dr. Buchanan White),

but the species is well represented from the Continent :

Meseritz, Posen, Prussia (Zeller, 29th April, 1849; one

of the examples named by Brauer) ; Switzerland (Burg-

dorf, April, Meyer-Diir); Silesia ? (presumably from

Silesia, as the label is in Schneider’s handwriting) ;

Turin (15th and 16th March, Ghiliani), In my own

collection are examples from Bohemia and Switzerland

(Klapaélek and Ris, respectively), all taken in March. All

the British ¢ examples of 7’. trifasciata seen by me have

the wings much abbreviated (expanse 13 to 15 mm.),

whereas Continental ¢’s have usually well developed

wings (23 mm.) although there are evidently exceptions,

one from Turin being short-winged.

Capnia atra, 0. sp.

C. mgra, Pictet, Perlides, p. 321, pl. xxxix. (in

part) ?

Head and thoracic segments in the dry insect shining blackish.

Antenne blackish, legs and setze fuscous. Wings sub-hyaline with

fuscous neuration. In the forewings the basal end of the lower

intercubital cellule is usually acute, or at least much narrowed, and

the anterior margin of the upper intercubital cellule is slightly

curved. Joints of sete short. In the ¢ the large side pieces of

the genital apparatus are broad at the base, upturned, and sub-

acute at the apex, which when seen from above is barbed ; seen

from the side there is usually visible beneath or within these pieces

new and little-known Palzxarctic Perlide. 59

a slender curved process, with a slight projection or tooth on its

under side. The ante-penultimate segment dorsally raised and

covered with minute points. Exp. of forewings, 12 to 17 mm.,

the 2 the larger.

The ¢ first came under notice from Finnish Lapland,

whence it was received from Dr. Sahlberg. It is pos-

sible females were included in a collection previously

received from the same valued correspondent, and were

returned by me as C. nigra. The species was found by

King and myself in plenty on the shores of Loch Ran-

noch in April of this year. Three females from Braemar

(Buchanan White) appear also to belong here; they have

the wings rather abbreviated. The species probably

also occurs in Switzerland, but the ¢ of the pair in

Mr. McLachlan’s collection (Burgdorf, Meyer-Diir) is not

in very good condition, and further Swiss material is

desirable.

A smaller insect, as a rule, in the ? sex than CO. nigra,

and blacker-looking when fresh. The ¢, as faras known,

is full-winged. As usual, the important distinctive

characters lie in the ¢ genitalia, but the points in the

neuration above alluded to should be useful in separating

the ¢ from that of C. nigra, if they are found as constant

elsewhere as they appear to be in this country. A com-

parison of fresh material will, I think, show the prothorax

to be smaller, and with margins more rounded in C. atra

than in C. nigra.

It should be noticed that Pictet’s figure of the neura-

tion of C. nigra on pl. i., fig. 6 (Perlides, 1841), has the

basal end of the lower intercubital cellule comparatively

broad, while in his fig. 4, pl. xxxix., id. op., the condition

is more like that usual in C. atra, the earlier figure

being stated as aberrant in the relative explanation of

plate xxxix. Further, Pictet says the ¢ of nigra is full-

winged. On these grounds some might be inclined to

hold the species above described (assuming Meyer-Diir’s

examples as belonging thereto) as the true nigra. How-

ever, according to information from Dr. Ris (in letters),

male Capniz, practically apterous, are found in Switzer-

land, and from this I conclude that the two species exist

there, and I am inclined to think Pictet may have con-

fused them. The differences in the figures Just alluded

to become therefore of importance, and as the earlier one

60 Mr. Kenneth J. Morton on

seems to refer to the species now generally known as

Capnia nigra, I retain the old name for that species..

Capnia affinis, n. sp.

Very closely allied to C. atra, and of about the same

size, but as far as can be judged from the examples,

which are carded, more brownish in colour of the head

and thorax, and with wings more greyish and paler

neuration.

The genitalia are also on the same plan as in C. atra,

but differ in the following details: the barbed part of

the side pieces is placed dorsally, so that it is distinctly

visible when viewed from the side, and the slender curved

process beneath these pieces terminates simply without

projection or tooth.

Three males and a number of females from Blagowik,

Amurland (22nd April), received from Mr. McLachlan.

This insect may only be a race or condition of C. atra,

but it appears sufficiently well marked to deserve a

special name.

Capnia nigra, Pictet.

C. nigra, Pictet, Perlides, p. 321, pl. xxxix (in part)

and pl. i. (?). C. nigra, Brauer and Low, Neur.

austr., p. 30 (1857).

Chloroperla bifrons, Newman, Ent. Mag., vol. v., p. 401

(1838), and Mag, Nat. Hist., n.s., vol. 1, p. 89.

For the sake of comparison with the species of the

atra group, a few figures and notes relating to this

species are given. ‘The number of nervules between the

costa and sub-costa of forewings is irregular; one only

is shown in figure 4, but there may be as many as three

about the middle of the wing.

Only limited materials for this species have been

examined. It is a common species in the Clyde district

in early spring (March and April). Brauer’s Austrian

types in McLachlan’s collection do not seem to differ

from British examples, and I have seen similar examples

from Bohemia (Klapélek). Examples from Turkestan

differ so little in the structure of the d genitalia, that at

———

new and ltttle-known Palearctic Perlidz. 61

most they can only be considered a geographical race of

nigra, and females from Mingrelia are large, but other-

wise not appreciably distinct.

All the Huropean males seen by me have the wings

reduced to mere scales, but the ¢ from Turkestan has

effective wings.

On the discovery of a second British Capnia, the

Chloroperla bifrons of Newman required investigation.

Mr. Waterhouse has very kindly compared the single @

type in Stephens’ collection with both species, and is of

opinion that on the whole it agrees most closely with

C. nigra, although the basal end of the lower intercubital

cellule is hardly in the condition more typical of this

species. .As already indicated this cellule is usually

distinctly biangulate and rather broad at the basal end

in OC. nigra.

CAPNOPSIS, n. nl.

Capnodes, Rostock, preoccupied.

Capnopsis Schilleri, Rostock. (Berliner Ent. Zeitschrift,

XXxXvil., p. 38, 1892.)

Generic characters; Hindwings smaller than forewings and

without any folded portion. Sub-costa terminating about the

middle of the wing. No transverse veinlets between costa and

radius, beyond the junction of the sub-costa. Maxillary palpi

apparently with the two basal joints short, the others long ; 4th

and 5th sub-equal, the 3rd slightly longer. Antennz sub-setaceous,

joints elongate, only 3 or 4 at the base shorter, Tarsi with minute

middle joint, 1st and 3rd joints long, sub-equal. Sets very short,

with 9 or 10 joints only (probably only 7 in the ¢ if the difference

be not due to mutilation).

Description : blackish, shining, clothed with short yellowish

pubescence. Antenne blackish fuscous, nearly black, clothed

with short yellowish hairs, with five or six stronger erect hairs at

apex of each joint. Pronotum about same breadth as head, trans-

verse, margins all slightly rounded, a distinct border all round,

disc rugose. Wings greyish sub-hyaline, neuration fuscous. Legs

fuscous with yellow pubescence. Set fuscous. In the only ¢

examined the last ventral segment is somewhat rounded at the

apex, and from either side of it arises a flattened piece; these

62 Mr. Kenneth J. Morton on

pieces converge, and when seen from the side are upturned and

triangular in outline ; superior to these pieces and passing between

the set is a large upturned tapering process (presumably the

penis) which appears to have on either side of it a spiniform

sheath. The ? does not appear to have any salient characters

at apex of abdomen. Expanse of forewings: ¢, 9} mm.; @,

12 mm.

Originally described from near Dresden it has since

been received from Finland, where it has been taken in

several localities by Sahlberg and Palmén. As its con-

tinental range is thus considerable, it may yet prove to

be an inhabitant of Great Britain.

oq"

new and little-known Palearctic Perlide. 63

EXpLANAtioN or Puate II.

Nemoura Sahlbergi, %.

. Apex of abdomen from beneath.

. Apex of lateral appendage from side, internal aspect (more

enlarged).

Apex of lateral appendage from side, external aspect (more

enlarged),

Teniopteryx Risi, g.

. Apex of abdomen from side (from fresh example and much

enlarged).

. Ventral plate from side (dry).

. Apex of ventral plate from above (dry).

Teniopteryx trifasciata, $.

. Apex of ventral plate from above (dry).

. Apex of abdomen from side (dry).

Capnia nigra.

. Apex of abdomen of ¢ from side.

. Apex of penis (?) from side in outline much enlarged

(Scotland).

. Apex of penis (?) from side in outline much enlarged

(Turkestan).

. Neuration of anterior wing of 9, a, 0, intercubital cellules.

. Neuration of posterior wing of 9.

Capnia atra, &.

. Apex of abdomen from side.

. Intercubital cellules of anterior wing.

. Dorsal view of side piece of genitalia (much enlarged).

Capnia affinis, &.

. Apex of abdomen from side.

Capnopsis Schilleri.

. Neuration of anterior wing.

. Neuration of posterior wing.

. Apex of abdomen of ¢ from side, nearer seta removed.

( 65 )

II. On the Relation of Mimetic Patterns to the Original

Form.* By Frepertck A. Drxny, M.A., M.D.,

F.E.S., Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford.

[Read Feb. 5th, 1896.]

Pirates JIE, Ve, & -V.

I. Tae Grapuat Growrs or A Mimetic Parrern.

Iris now many years ago that Fritz Miller published

an answer to those opponents of the theory of mimicry

who made much of the difficulty of accounting for the

first advances towards the formation of a mimetic

pattern.t In the course of this communication he

pointed out (as indeed Darwin had done before him)

that mimicker and mimicked might, in many instances,

be reasonably supposed to have started, not from a

position of wide divergence from each other, but rather

with the possession of some feature or features, common

to them both, which should give material ready to hand

‘or the assimilative process to work upon. The chief

instance relied on by Fritz Miiller in support of his

contention was the well-known mimetic genus of

Pierine butterflies known as Leptalis or Dismorphia.t

The black and yellow Leptalis (Dismorphia) ‘melia,

according to him, was to be regarded as representing

the primitive type of coloration of the genus; and

although it did not itself mimic any other form, it never-

theless showed independently so much of the character-

istic Heliconine colours and arrangement of pattern,

that the complete Heliconine aspect presented by many

of its near relatives could be derived from it with com-

paratively slight modification.

* A preliminary abstract of the present paper has appeared in

the British Association Reports for 1894.

+ ‘‘Einige Worte tber Leptalis,’ Jenaisch. Zeitschr., vol. x.,

1876, p. 1.

¢ The old genus Dismorphia has been divided by Messrs.

Godman & Salvin into Dismorphia, Pseudopieris, Enantia, and

Acmepteron, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhopal. IL, p. 174. Dr, Butler

further distinguishes Moschoneura, Cist. Entom., Pt. iii.

TRANS, ENT. SOC, LOND. 1896.—ParT 1: (MARCH.) 5

66 Dr. F. A. Dixey on the Relation of

The instance chosen by Fritz Miiller was unfortunate.

A wider view of Pierine affinities than he had the oppor-

tunity of taking would no doubt have led him to the

conclusion that, after all, the original Leptalis probably

was a white or white and black butterfly, and not a black

and yellow or black and orange insect like Leptalis

(Dismorphia) melia. Moreover, the position that D. melia

is not a mimic can hardly be sustained. It bears a very

considerable resemblance to D. ewmara, which is itself

an almost exact copy of Actinote pellenea ; Actinote being

the neotropical representative of the well-known inedible

genus Acrxa. There is little room to doubt that D. melia,

so far from preserving the primitive Leptalis type, has

diverged to some distance therefrom under the influence

of mimicry.

But although Fritz Miiller’s principal instance does

not appear to me to be strong enough to bear the weight

of argument that he rests upon it, there cannot be much

question that his contention in the main is perfectly

sound; and that, as a general principle, the process of

mimetic assimilation depends rather on the development

of old, than on the starting of new features, either of

pattern or of colour.

In order to illustrate this principle, I have prepared the

series of figures shown in Plates III. and IV., Figs. 1-12.

These represent an array of facts that I venture to think

are in many respects of great interest.

Fig. 1 shows the underside of the male of one of the

ordinary neotropical non-mimetic Pierines*, a true Pieris

as that genus is restricted by Dr. Butler—P. locusta of

Felder. The chief points to be observed are in the

hindwing. ‘They are (1), the spots or patches of bright

red which are found at the base of the precostal, median

and internal spaces respectively (Fig. 1, a, c,d); (2) a

well-defined yellow streak (e) occupying the costal space ;

(3) a pale central area (f), in many specimens yellowish,

occupying the region of the cell and the adjacent portion

of the wing, especially. towards the internal border ;

(4) a dark shade (h, 7) on the anal and costal sides

respectively of the pale central area. The present

species happens to be a rather heavily coloured member

of its group, but in other species of the same genus

* See below, p. 72, note.

Mimetic Patterns to the Original Form. 67

Pieris we get a great lightening of the general tone of

colour, without however losing the essential features now

referred to. In P. phaloe for instance, also a non-

mimetic Pieris from the same neotropical region, we have

as it were an attenuated and washed-out version. of the

scheme of marking seen on the hindwing of P. locusta.

Here (Fig. 2) are visible the same basal red patches,

though now confined to the precostal and internal spaces ;

the same pale costal streak and central area, now in most

specimens white rather than yellow; and on either side

of the latter the same two dark shades, now reduced to

a pair of brownish streaks. From either of these types

to the well-known Heliconine form here represented by

Heliconius numata (Fig. 11), seems a sufficiently long

step; nor is it at first sight apparent that there is any-

thing in common between the former and the latter

schemes of coloration. Nevertheless, while it will be

allowed on the one hand that the female of Mylothris

pyrrha (Figs. 9, 10) presents a very good imitation of

HT. numata, it can be shown on the other hand that this

last-named Pierine owes its mimetic features to a simple

development of characters already possessed by the

other Pierine forms just spoken of, to which it is closely

allied.

In order to make this apparent, it will be necessary to

refer to some of the other neotropical species of the

same genus Mylothris. This interesting httle group,

comprising besides M. pyrrha the closely related M.

malenka, M. lypera, and M. lorena, has been more than

once spoken of by Mr. Wallace* as affording an instance

of mimetic females associated with males of the ordinary

white type of Pierine coloration. It is quite true that

all the males throughout the group exhibit on their upper

surfaces nothing but the ordmary white character; Mr.

Wallace, however, does not mention the curious fact

that the same males universally show on the under

surface, though in varying degrees, an approach towards

the Heliconine pattern that is so completely imitated

by their mates. These partially developed features on

the under surface of the males enable us to trace the

history of the growth of the mimetic pattern.

Let us take the underside of the male of Mylothris

* “Tropical Nature,” 1878, p. 204 ; “ Darwinism,” 1889, p. 271.

68 Dr. F. A. Dixey on the Relation of

lypera (Fig. 3), and compare it with that of Pieris locusta.

‘here is no difficulty in identifying the principal markings

as before enumerated. The yellow costal streak and

central area (e, f) and the anterior and posterior dark

shades (h, 7) are present in MV. lypera as in P. locusta, all

occupying the same relative positions; the precostal red

however has disappeared, and the internal and median

touches of the same colour have united and prolonged them -

selves into a triangular streak reaching about a third of

the way across the wing (cd). A small dark area (9),

which in P. locusta lies immediately posterior to the internal

red patch, hasin MM. lypera extended itself in the same

direction with the extension of the patch, and has, beyond

the outer extremity of the latter, united with the anterior

dark area (i) in such a way as to completely surround the

red patch with a distinct region of black. All the areas

somewhat vaguely indicated in P. locusta have in M,

lypera acquired a distinct and definite character with

sharply-marked, clear-cut borders. There is no doubt

of the homology of the markings in the two cases, nor

does the change from one to the other deserve to be

called either violent or abrupt.

The underside of the male of MW. lorena (Vig. 4) takes

us a step onward. Here are exactly the same features,

but with a further development along the same lines.

The red patch has now become a definite streak reaching

half-way across the wing, but still bears the same rela-

tion to the anterior dark area. ‘The costal streak and

central area have undergone a similar elongation, and in

this instance are much paler in colour. The whole aspect

perhaps recalls that of P. phaloe rather than that of P.

locusta, and the correspondence with the former insect

is still further borne out by the presence of a diagonal

dark streak (/) in the forewing, part of which is indicated

in P. phaloe, uniting the costal with the posterior or

outer margin.

The general streakiness of the male of MW. lorena is

preserved or enhanced in the male of M. pyrrha (Fig. 5).

‘There is in this case no diagonal dark band crossing the

forewing, but the red streak of the hindwing acquires

additional distinctness and importance, while the banded

appearance is further increased by a slight change in the

disposition of the enveloping black.

As far as the hindwing is concerned, we have now

Mimetic Patterns to the Original orm. 69

all but reached the complete mimetic condition of

M. pyrrha 2 (Figs. 9,10). The only thing still wanting

is an infusion of more or less brownish red into the pale

yellow or orange of the costal and central streaks. It is

observable that even in the female J. pyrrha the assi-

milation between the old red of the basal patch and the

new red of the costal and central areas is not quite per-

fect, the former always retaining on the under surface a

more vigorous and decided tint than the latter (see

Hise Oye, cd,f ). :;

With regard to the forewing, there is no doubt a con-

siderable interval between the male and female of

M. pyrrha. An inspection, however, of the female of

M. lorena and M. malenka (Figs. 6, 7, 8), enables us to

see how it may be bridged over. Comparing the sexes

of M. lorena (Figs. 4, 6, 7), we find that their patterns

are identical in the main features, though the female has

an additional dark streak in the forewing (/) running

parallel with the inner border. The central pale area of

the hindwing has also in the female almost or entirely

disappeared from the lower surface, while the other

spaces on both wings which in the male are white or

very pale yellow, assume in the female a deeper yellow,

warming towards the base of the wing to an orange or

brownish red. These changes, comparatively slight as

they are, are sufficient to give the female M. lorena, a

decidedly Heliconine aspect. ‘They point out, moreover,

the manner in which the still more completely Heliconine

facies of M. malenka ? (Fig. 8) and M. pyrrha ¢

(Figs. 9, 10) may grow naturally out of the Pierine

materials already noticed. A very close comparison of

M. pyrrha with H. numata (Figs. 10, 11) will indeed

show that the correspondence of markings is not abso-

lutely perfect in every particular; nevertheless, the

general effect is marvellously alike, and if assisted by

similarity in habits and mode of flight, must be amply

sufficient for all practical purposes of protection to the

Mylothris.

Looking at this series as a whole, and bearing in mind

that it would be possible to include other forms * which

would render the gradation still easier than is shown

® For example, P, marana and M. lypera ¢.

70 Dr. F. A. Dixey on the Relation of

here, we cannot, I think, feel any doubt that it is sufh-

cient to demonstrate the possibility of the formation of a

practically perfect mimetic pattern from the crdinary

form of a quite distinct type, without any violent or

abrupt changes of design. It does not, indeed, lend any

support to the view that mimicry can only originate

between forms that already possess considerable and

obvious resemblance to one another, nor does it coun-

tenance the opinion that mimetic changes are effected

per saltum. What the series of forms here figured does

show is that, granted a beginning however small, such as

the basal red touches in the normal Pierines, an elaborate

and practically perfect mimetic pattern may be evolved

therefrom by simple and easy stages.

II. Sexuat Dimorrnism in Mimetic Forms.

There remains, in regard to the foregoing series, a

question of great interest ; namely, what is the meaning

of the diversity between the sexes in these more or less

completely mimetic forms? Why should the oue sex

have advanced so much further along the mimetic path

than the other? It is no doubt the case that the females

stand in greater need of protection than the males, but

to say this still leaves several questions unanswered.

Are we right in regarding the male patterns as perpetu-

ating stages through which the other sex has also

passed in order to reach its present state of mimetic

completeness, or are we to suppose that the selection by

enemies has affected only the female sex, and that the

patterns seen on the malesare merely an incidental result

of heredity, beimg, in fact, a secondary version of the

female pattern transmitted in a weaker form? In either

case, what has checked the further development of

mimicry in the male? Is this imperfect development

simply a passive result of the absence of necessity for

change, or is there some active force at work preventing a

further modification ? It is well known that an explana-

tion of a somewhat similar case has been sought in the

p?inciple of sexual selection ; the females, it was suggested,

as the more conservative sex, preferring in their mates the

ancestral type of coloration of the group.* Mr. Wallace,

* Belt, “ Naturalist in Nicaragua,” Ed. 1888, p. 385.

Mimetic Patterns to the Original Form. (il

on the other hand, points out that in the Pierine group

before us the habits of the two sexes are different; that

whereas the females haunt the forest glades in company

with the Heliconii, the males congregate and fly in the

open with other species of white butterflies, among whom

a reddish or brownish insect would be especially con-

spicuous, and would be very hable to experimental

tasting.* This fact would seem to supply an active check

on the development of the pattern in the male, but it

still leaves undetermined the meaning of so much of

the Heliconine colouring as does exist, and of this

Mr. Wallace has offered no explanation.

I am myself inclined to think that however much it

may be to the advantage of these male forms to be taken

under some circumstances for white butterflies of the

ordinary kind, yet there must be times and occasions—

probably while the insect is at rest and settled—when

the partial mimicry of the underside comes into play, and

tends to afford protection. An instance in support of

this view exists in Hesperocharis hirlanda (Fig. 12).

This insect, like the males of those that have just been

considered, is on the upper surface an ordinary white

butterfly of the usuel kind; the lower surface, however,

presents an incipient mimetic pattern of a like degree of

development with those of Mylothris. lorena $ and

M. pyrrha 5. ‘This can be no feeble reflection of a

mimetic pattern complete in the female, for the sexes of

H. hirlanda hardly differ; moreover H. hirlanda, with

one or two other forms probably not specifically distinct

from it, is the only species of its genus which shows any

approach towards a mimetic coloration. ‘I'he mimicry,

slight as it is, must therefore, it would seem, be of some

service, as otherwise it would in this case be meaning-

less; and if this be so with H. hirlanda, it is reasonable

to suppose that whatever amount of protection such an

approach to the Heliconine pattern confers, is also shared

by the males of Mylothris.

A further point of interest that arises in connection

with H. hirlanda is this—that a mimetic effect which

generally resembles that of M. nyrrha 4, is here reached

by different means. Hesperocharis, like Mylothris, starts

no doubt from a regular Pierine form, such as that

* “ Tropical Nature,” 1878, p. 205.

72 Dr. F, A. Dixey on the Relation of

exhibited by P. phaloe; but whereas in Mylothris the

main red streak of the hindwing arises from the internal

and median basal red, and js ceutral (Fig. 5, cd), in

Hesperocharis it results from a development of the pre-

costal and costal red patches, and occupies the correspond-

ing regions of the wing (Fig. 12, a, b). The precostal

red is undeveloped in Mylothris, and the median red is

undeveloped in Hesperocharis. One result of this

is that in the latter form the relative position of the main

yellow and red streaks is reversed; notwithstanding

which the general resemblance to Mylothris is consider-

able, and the difference would very probably remain

undetected by many insectivorous animals. ‘I'he present

point has already been noticed by me elsewhere.* I draw

attention to it here simply because it affords another

illustration of the gradual growth of mimetic patterns

from an original non-mimetic form.+

III. Recrrrocat. Miwicry BETWEEN INEDIBLE Forms.

In the previous communication to the Entomological

Society{ of which I have already made mention, I drew

attention to certain facts which I] am now able to illustrate

by Pl. V., Figs. 15 and 14, representing the undersides of

a Pierine (Pereute leucodrosime) and a Heliconius (H. mel-

pomene) respectively. Both Heliconius and Pereute are,

it will be seen, furnished with basal red spots, and this is

the ease with very many of the Heliconii and their

* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1894, p. 286.

+ Throughout the foregoing remarks, P. phaloc and P. locusta g,

have been spoken of as non-mimetic forms. This is undoubtedly

the case with P. phaloe, but it is perhaps possible that even in

P. locusta g, the underside of the hindwing may have (especially

in darkly-coloured individuals) a certain mimetic value. The

underside of the hindwing in P. locusta, P. cinerea and some

others resembles that of Heliconius melpomene and other protected

species in giving the general idea of a dark wing-area with yellow

costal or precostal streak and basal red spots. The forewing of

P. locusta contains a large surface of white, but this would be

partly or wholly concealed in the resting position. It is true also

that the yellow streak and red patches do not occupy exactly

corresponding positions in the Pieris and the Heliconius ; but there

is abundant evidence to show that while affinity displays great

respect for the exact position on the wing of any given feature

of the pattern, mimicry to a large extent disregards this, and aims

rather at a general similarity of effect. See the instance of

Hesperocharis hirlanda above, and see also below, p. 74, note.

t{ Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., 1894, pp. 296, etc

Mimetic Patterns to the Original Form. 73

Pierine imitators. What is the meaning of this coinci-

dence? ‘The first answer that suggests itself is that it is

simply an ordinary case of mimicry ; the red spots belong

originally to the Heliconius, and the Pierine has acquired

similar spots in order to complete the mimetic picture.

‘wo facts, however, militate against this supposition.

‘he first is that these red patches, so far from being

confined to the mimicking Pierines, are found to have

a very wide distribution throughout the whole Pierine

subfamily, existing not only, as we have seen, in non-

mimetic neotropical forms such as Pieris locusta and

P. phaloe, but in numerous old-world genera as well,

reaching a great development in the Indian and Austra-

lian Delias, and having even left a relic in the common

white butterflies of our own country. It would be extra-

vagant to suppose that these widespread characters owe

their origin simply to the necessity for mimicking certain

South American Heliconti. Moreover, as I have else-

where shown, such an origin for the old-world forms as

this hypothesis would involve is at variance with what is

known of Pierine phylogeny. The second fact is that

although several Heliconti which are not the subjects of

mimicry show marks of the kind, yet they are most con-

stant, most distinct and most Pierine-like in species of

Heliconius that serve as models. There must, it would

seem, be a relation between the two forms which is not

entirely due to mimicry by the Pierine. Are we then to

say that the Heliconius is the mimic and the Pierine the

model? This would appear to be going against all

received ideas on the subject, and to be negatived by all

that is known of the inedible qualities of Heliconius and

of the ancestral coloration of the Pierines ; nevertheless,

with respect to the particular marks in question I believe

that it comes near to the true expression of the fact, and

I would suggest that the key to the difficulty is to be

found in the following considerations.

It has been well shown by Fritz Miiller,* whose con-

clusions have been followed and amplified by Meldola and

Poulton, that there exist two kinds of mimetic associa-

tions—in one of which an edible form shelters itself by

resemblance to another form well known to be inedible,

this being the aspect of mimicry first detected and

explained by Bates; while in the other a group is

constituted all of whose members are inedible, and join

* “ Kosmos,” 1879, p. 100.

74 Dr. F. A. Dixey on the Relation of

forces, so to speak, in order to share the dangers of

experimental tasting. In the first kind it is obvious that

the only imitation must be by the unprotected of the

protected form ; there is no force tending in the converse

direction. But in the second kind it does not seem to

have been sufficiently noticed that, especially if the

numbers of the associated species are approximately

equal, there may fairly be expected to arise a kind of

cive-and-take arrangement, in consequence of which two

or more inedible forms may hasten the assimilative

process by imitating each other. ‘his is my reading of

the case beforeus. ‘There are some independent grounds*

for thinking that the mimicking Pierines in this par-

ticular group of instances are not, as has been generally

assumed, edible. It is therefore not unreasonable to

suppose that being distasteful, like the associated

Heliconii, and forming with them a company for mutual

protection, they have both taken from and bestowed on

them characteristic features of pattern—both sides, in

fact, having undergone what I some time since ventured

to call “ reciprocal mimicry.” I have elsewhere given more

detailed reasons in support of this view ; I reintroduce it

here for the sake of illustrating it from those Pierine marks

that have been specially under consideration.t

* E.g., (1) the abundance of some of the mimetic’species of the

same or of a closely allied genus, as Pereute charops and Euterpe

tereas (testified to by Messrs. Godman and Salvin and by Fritz

Miiller respectively) ; and (2) the fact that the nearest old-world

representatives of the same group, i.e., the members of the genus

Delias, have all the characteristics of insects protected by a

disagreeable taste or odour.

+ It may perhaps be objected that the resemblance between such

forms as are represented in Figs. 13, 14 is not sufficiently close

to warrant the supposition of mutual protection between them.

To this it may be replied, that (1) the colour of the diagonal band

of the forewing is probably in the living Heliconius much nearer

to that of the Perewte than appears in the figure, which was taken

from a specimen that had been for some years in the Hope collec-

tion. It is well known that the reds in Heliconius and Acrea are

especially apt to fade on keeping. (2) ‘he resemblance may be

enhanced by attitude, the figures having been drawn without any

particular attention to this. (5) The brightly coloured basal marks,

though occupying different relative positions in the two insects,

convey the same general idea of a gently-curving, slender, white or

vellow streak (belonging to the forewing in the Pereute and the

jindwing in the Heltconius), beset near its base with isolated spots

of vivid red, and traversing a black or dark-brown area of wing

close to the body.

Mimetic Patterns to the Original Form. 75

The same argument will apply to features similar to

the above which may be seen in certain Papilionine,

Nymphaline, Erycinide, and even in some moths.

And I may say in passing that Fritz Miiller’s principle

here referred to appears to me to be of much wider

applecation than has been hitherto supposed. There

exist several large groups more or less uniform in their

scheme of coloration, though heterogeneous in their

affinities, which it seems almost certain will in the main

turn out to be cases of ‘inedible associations,’ each

one possibly including a few instances of true mimicry

witbin its borders. In deciding on the actual nature

of such resemblances, it may be borne in mind that

“reciprocal mimicry ” constitutes good evidence of the

distastefulness of all the forms between which it can be

shown to occur, while the abundance or scarcity of a

mimetic insect is also a valuable test of its edibility.

IV. Divercent Memeers or AN INEDIBLE GroupP.

The last set of figures (Pl. V., Figs. 15-18) discloses a re-

markable state of things, which is of interest both in its

bearing on what has been advanced in the preceding sec-

tion, and also as providing a further illustration of the im-

portance of small changes. The Papilio represented in

Fig. 15 (P. zacynthus 2) is undoubtedly the model for the

Pierine shown in Fig. 16 (H. tereas). These two insects

form one of Bates’s original instances of mimicry. But

beside the latter we have another Huterpe, viz., EH. bellona

(Fig. 17), whose markings are, without doubt, homologous

with those of its congener. J. bellona however, though

so closely resembling H. tereas the mimic of P. zacynthus,

itself copies, not the Papilio, but the members of a group

of Heliconius of which H. erato (Fig. 18) is a good

example. The bright yellow patch on the forewing of

the Heliconius is very well imitated by the Pierine, and

ou the hindwing of the latter the crimson patch of

E.. tereas, etc., has been modified into a series of scarlet

stripes; these being a palpable attempt to reproduce

the radiating chestnut streaks of H. erato or one of its

congeners. It is curious to see what slight modifications

between the two species of Huterpe enable them to

76 Dr. F. A. Dixey on the Relation of

imitate two such distinct insects as the Papilio and the

Heliconius.*

The addition of these two forms, viz., Huterpe bellona

ard Heliconius erato, the former of which was perhaps

not known to Bates, evidently complicates the “ mimicry”

question. Js the resemblance between the Heliconius

and the Papilio, which certainly exists though it is not

very close, accidental? But for the intermediate Pierine

forms we should perhaps not have suspected any special

relation between them. On the other hand, is the Helv-

conius the general model for all the rest? If so,

P. zacynthus becomes a mimic instead of a model ; whilo

its own imitator, H. tereas, is in the curious position of

mimicking a mimic, instead of going straight to the

fountain-head, 7.e., the Heliconius.

In my opinion, the most satisfactory way of accounting

for these complicated relations is the supposition that

here we have another instance of a mimetic assemblage

of the second kind—an ‘“‘inedible association.” he

two extreme forms, viz., the Papilio and the Heliconius,

which by themselves might perhaps not be sufficiently

near one another to be mutually protective to any very

great extent, are held together, as it were, within the

hmits of an inedible mimetic group, by the welding power

of the intermediate Huterpes.t It is of interest in con-

nection with what has been already advanced as to reci-

procal mimicry, or the give-and-take system, in associa-

tions of this kind, that the Papilio, the Heliconius and

both Pierines are furnished on the underside with basal

red spots.

V. ConcLusron.

It cannot, I think, be doubted that the remarkable

facts touched upon in the present paper raise points of

fresh interest in the great question of mimicry. The

leading and binding idea in all that I have said has been

* The Heliconine pattern is still further developed in the female,

and on the under surface of the male of ZF. bellona, than on the

upper surface of the latter sex as represented in Fig. 17.

+ The series could be rendered still more complete by the

insertion of E. critias and LH. bellona 9, on the Papilio and

Heliconius sides respectively of Euterpe bellona ¢.

Mimetic Patterns to the Original Form. 77

my conviction, formed after much deliberation, of the

gradual and natural character of these complicated

changes, and of the absence of any violent or arbitrary

element in their process of development. Whether

the explanations here suggested are true and adequate,

can in most instances only be decided by observation in

the field; and it is much to be desired that travellers and

residents in countries where these and similar phenomena

occur should carefully record all facts relating to the

habits, postures, modes and times of flight, prevalence,

seasonal occurrence and exact distribution of the various

species that come under their observation.

There is also need of such experimental evidence as to

the means of defence adopted by these forms as can only

be satisfactorily obtained in the midst of their natural

surroundings. Meanwhile, it must suffice to point out

the conclusion towards which the only facts available

appear to lead, while the actual verification by observa-

tion and experiment must perforce be left to those whose

opportunities enable them to apply these final tests to the

subjects of enquiry.

My best thanks are due to Prof. Poulton, F'.R.S., for

much encouragement and many facilities for work. ‘he

figures were drawn, by his permission, from specimens in

the Hope Collection at Oxford.

78 Dr. F,. A. Dixey on the Relation of

List or SPECIES MENTIONED.

PIERINE.

Pereute lewcodrosime, Koll.

Euterpe tereas, Godt.

» critias, Feld.

» vellona, Cram.

Mylothris pyrrha, Fabr.

a lorena, Hew.

5 lypera, Koll.

ms malenka, Hew.

Hesperocharis hirlanda, Stoll.

Pieris locusta, Feld.

3, phaloe, Godt.

» marana, Doubl.

» cinerea, Hew.

Dismorphia melia, Godt.

a eumara, Doubl.

PAPILIONIN®.

Papilio zacynthus, Fabr.

ACRAINE,

Actinote pellenea, Hiibn.

HELICONIN2.

Heliconius melpomene, Linn.

55 erato, Linn.

io numata, Cram.

Mimetic Patterns to the Oriyinal Form.

ExpLaNaTion OF Puates III., IV., & VY.

Fig.

Fic.

Fia.

b, costal

median

internal

costal light streak.

central pale area.

i, anterior dark shades.

posterior dark shade.

diagonal dark bar of forewing.

PuLateE IIT.

1. Pieris locusta ¢, underside.

2. P. phaloe ?, 5

3. Mylothris lypera &, ,,

4. M. lorena ¢, <4

5. M. pyrrha 2,

6. M. lorena 9, ;

PuaTeE IV.

7. Mylothris lorena 2, upperside.

8. M. malenka 2, as

9. M. pyrrha 9, underside.

10. M. pyrrha 9, upperside.

11. Heliconius numata, upperside.

12. Hesperocharis hirlanda, underside.

PEATE, Vi.

13. Pereute lewcodrosime, underside.

14. Heliconius melpomene, 55

15. Papilio zacynthus 2 , upperside.

16. Euterpe tereas, ‘

17. E. bellona ¢, 5

18. Heliconius erato, 3

IN ALL THE FIGURES

PP] 7 ?

” ? ”

” ” ”

1, dark bar of forewing parallel to inner margin.

precostal red patch on the base of the hindwing underside.

Gest)

IV. The Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. Part

IV.* Otiorhynchide and Sitonides, and a genus

of doubtful position from the Kurile Islands. By

Davip SHarp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S., etc.

[Read February 5th, 1896.]

AurnoucH the collections of Coleoptera made by Mr.

Lewis in Japan are of great interest, and are the

base of almost all that we know of the Rhynchophora

of Japan, yet it is, I think, tolerably certain that as

regards the Curculionide proper—as distinguished from

Anthribide, Scolytide, and Brenthide—they are very

incomplete, and I am inclined to believe that the

Otiorhynchidex of Japan will prove to be twice or three

times more numerous in species than the lists made from

Mr. Lewis’s collections will show.

Under these circumstances it appears scarcely worth

while to discuss the question of geographical distribution,

particularly as our knowledge of the Rhynchophora of

China, of Korea, of Mongolia, and the region round the

mouth of the Amur, is very small indeed. I may,

however, remark that the Japanese Otiorhynchidxe have

very little affinity with those of the European region.

I here enumerate fifty-eight species belonging to twenty-

six genera. Not one of the species is the same as an

European one; while of the twenty-six genera fifteen

appear at present to be peculiar to Japan, and only five

have representatives in Europe, and of these five it is

tolerably certain that four will prove to be more charac-

teristic of Hastern Asia than of the palearctic region

proper. The genus Otiorhynchus is the most character-

istic genus of the Mediterranean Curculionidous fauna,

where it has altogether nearly six hundred species; but it

is not represented in Japan. Indeed, the only points that

appear to give this section of the Japanese fauna any

‘claim to connection with the European one is the

existence of a considerable number of species of

* Part I., see the Transactions for 1889 ; Part IT., Transactions,

1891 ; Part III. (by W. F. H. Blandford), Transactions for 1894.

TRANS. ENT. 80C. LOND. 1896,—PaRT I. (MARCH.) 6

82 Mr. David Sharp on the

Phyllobius in each, and the possession by Japan of

a species of Scythropus alhed to the European

S. mustela.

I very much regret the delay that has occurred in the

preparation of this paper, which was commenced several

years since; and also that I shall not be able to continue

the work for some time to come. But I hope that

Mr. Lewis, who besides forming his splendid collection,

has himself done so much towards working out the

insects he procured, may be able to complete our know-

ledge of the Curculionide.

OTIORHYNCHIDAK.

This term I use in the sense of Leconte and Horn,

classification of Col. of N. America, 1883. It is very

different from the Otiorhynchides of Lacordaire. I have,

however, admitted an exception in the case of the genus

Meotiorhynchus, which does not possess the scars on the

mandibles, that is the special character of the family

Otiorhynchide, according to the American taxonomists.

I adopt two divisions, Otiorhynchide aptere and O.

alatz, which, practically, are almost equivalent respec-

tively to the Divisions I. and II. of the N. American

writers, as explained in the Bio]. Centr. Amer., Col. IV.,

pt. 3, p. 87.

OTIORHYNCHIDAD APTERA.

This division was not recognized as distinct from the

winged forms by Lacordaire, consequently its members

were distributed throughout the Brachyderides and

Otiorhynchides of the Belgian naturalist in so complex

a manner as to render the application of his nomen-

clature to the divisions proposed by Leconte and Horn

almost impossible. At the same time I do not know

enough of the forms dealt with by the American

naturalists to enable me to judge whether the Japanese

wingless Otiorhynchidz would enter satisfactorily into

their divisions, and I therefore adopt the plan of

arranging the sixteen genera that have been discovered

in Japan in the followimg manner :—

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 83

1, Thorax with ocular lobes. Group I. Ophryastina ; Pseudocneo-

rhinus and Calomycterus.

1’. Thorax without ocular lobes.

2. Scrobes lateral, elongate, directed inferiorly, so that their

lower margin passes to the under edge of the ros-

trum without being directed towards the eye.

3. Front margin of thorax with a few hairs (vibrisse)

directed forwards under and behind the eye.

Group II. Copanopachys, Meotiorhynchus, Pia-

zomias, Scepticus.

3’, Front margin of thorax without vibrisse, Group III.

Amystax, Blosyrus, Catapionus, Trachyrhinus,

Trachyphleosoma.

2’. Scrobes lateral, not directed inferiorly, but towards the eye.

Group IV. Episomus.

2”. Scrobes more or less superior and foveiform. Group V.

Myosides, Arrhaphogaster, Asphalmus, Omoiotus.

GROUP I.

PSEUDOCNEORRHINUS,

Pseudocneorrhinus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,

xvi. (1878), p. 177, and op. cit., xxiv., 1880,

p. 10.

The position this genus should occupy is in the

Ophryastina, where it will form a division separated from

the American forms by the connate claws. Mr. Roelofs

first placed it in the Leptopsides, of which the Ophry-

astina formed, according to lLacordaire, a separate

division. With Trachyphleus the genus has but little

affinity, as it possesses well-marked ocular lobes, connate

claws, and very deep scrobes.

1. Pseudocneorrhinus bifasciatus, Roelofs, C.R. Soe.

ent. Belg., xxu., p. lii, and Ann. ent. Belg.,

xxiv., p. 12.

This is distinguished from its congeners by the very

rotund form of the elytra, which are almost circular

in their outline; the antennz are very short; and

the upright setz on the elytra are fine, short, and

minute.

Main island; Osaka, 14 July, 1881, Hakone,

Miyanoshita, Kuwada, Kawatchi.

84. Mr. David Sharp on the

2. Pseudocneorrhinus obesus, Roelofs, Ann. ent. Belg.,

xvi., p. 177, pl. iii, fig. 10, and xxiv., p. 11.

The individuals of this species are the largest of the

genus ; the elytra are broad and very convex, and in out-

line are intermediate between P. bifasciatus and setosus ;

the erect sete are much larger than in P. bifasciatus.

P. obesus appears to be scarce, but altogether Mr. Lewis

has obtained ten specimens ; the only localities | can record

for it are Kiga and Miyanoshita, on the Main island.

3. Pseudocneorrhinus setosus, Roelofs, C.R. ent. Belg.,

xxii., p. liii., and Ann. ent. Belg., xxiv., p. 12.

Closely allied to P. obesus, but rather smaller and

considerably narrower, and with the erect scales on

the elytra broader than in either of the congeners.

Kiushiu and Main islands ; Ichiuchi.

A. Pseudocneorrhinus minimus, Roelofs, C.R. ent. Belg.,

xxii, p. lili, and Ann. ent. Belg., xxiv., p. 13.

This comes near to P. obesus, but the individuals

of that species are the largest, those of P. minimus the

smallest, of the genus: besides this, the antennz are

considerably shorter in P. minimus.

Roelofs described the species from two specimens

ound by Mr. Hiller. In his recent journey Mr. Lewis

captured four examples.

Main island ; Kawatchi, Yokohama.

CALOMYCTERUS.

Calomycterus, Roelofs, op. cit., xvi., p. 175.

1. C. setarius, Roelofs, l. c., pl. iii, fig. 9.

A remarkable and apparently very rare species for

which I am not able to record any exact locality.

GROUP II.

CopaNoPACcHys.

Copanopachys, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,

xxiv., 1880, p. 7.

1. Copanochys tigrinus.

Piazomias tigrinus, Roelofs, Ann. ent. Belgique, xvi.,

1873, p. 161; C. tigrinus, Roelofs, op. cit., xxiv.,

1880, p. 7.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 85

About twenty examples of this species were found at

Hakodate : most of them agree with M. Roelofs’ descrip-

tions satisfactorily ; but five of them belong to a well-

marked variety, in which the upper surface is almost

uniform pallid grey, the maculation of the elytra and

thorax being nearly absent. Scarcely any two specimens

of the type-form agree exactly in the maculation.

2. Copanopachys griseus.

Piazomias griseus, Roelofs, op. cit., xvi. 1873, p. 162 ;

C. griseus, id., xxiv., p. 8.

I have before me about a score of examples that I

refer to this species, though they vary enormously

in colour, greatly in size, and somewhat in minute

structural characters. All, however, differ from C.

tigrinus, in having the eyes more convex, and the front

tibize not in the least dilated externally at the apex.

One of them in colour exactly resembles the typical form

of C. tigrinus, while on the other hand, the smaller

examples are wonderfully like Scepticus insularis.

Main island ; EKnoshima, Kawatchi, Yokohama (in April),

Kobé. One specimen from each locality. The others

were all obtained during Mr. Lewis’s earlier visits, and

the localities have not been preserved, but, no doubt, all

are from the islands south of Yezo, while C. tigrinus is—

so far as we know at present—confined to that island.

MroriorHYNCHUS, n. gen.

Mandibule ad apices tranversim laminate ; tibiz anteriores

apicibus dilatatis,

Mandibles at the apex, forming as it were a prominent lamina,

the front edge of which is quite thin and the outer angle

the most prominent part ; without scar; nearly similar to one

another: buccal cavity large, filled by the mentum. Rostrum

short, scrobes definite and deep, lateral and descending. An-

tenne short, scape broad at the extremity, 7th joint of the

funiculus almost amalgamated with the club. Eyes oval, moder-

ately distant from the thorax. Prosternum a little emarginate,

front margin irregularly ciliate, the cilix below the eye longer, so

as to form rudimentary vibrisse. Metasternum short. Hind cox

widely separated, the intercoxal abdominal process being broad

and truncate. First and second ventral plates elongate, third and

86 Mr. David Sharp on the

fourth quite short, together not so long as the second. Anterior

tibiz a little enlarged at the apex both internally and externally ;

hind tibiz broad at the tip, with a large external space bordered

both internally and externally by very short thick spines ; third

joint of tarsus normally lobed and densely pubescent beneath.

Claws moderate, free.

This genus is a most anomalous one, and in the

present condition of the classification of the Curculionide,

its position must remain an open question; it could be

placed quite satisfactorily in the Otiorhynchide were it

not that no mandibular scar exists: the mandibles,

indeed, are so formed at the apex, that no deciduous

pieces could be seated on them; while their sharp front

and prominent angles, may perhaps be found to be

a functional substitute for the deciduous pieces. This

structure of the mandibles, added to that of the tips of

the hind tibiz, distinguishes the genus satisfactorily from

Copanopachys, which is unquestionably its nearest ally ;

the two genera possessing a great similarity of facies.

1. Meotiorhynchus querendus.

Elongato-ovalis, niger, fusco-griseo-squamosus, limbo irregu-

lariter pallido ; opacus. Long, 10-10} mm.

Rostrum short and broad, rugose in front, with a deep channel

on the middle ; eyes moderately prominent ; antennz short and

stout. Thorax rather long, curvate at the sides, obsoletely sculptured,

covered with very small sordid scales, with an obscure channel on

the middle. Elytra elongate, quite narrow at the base, where,

however, they just exceed the width of the base of the thorax,

thence becoming broader for about one-fourth or one-fifth of the

length ; acuminate at the apex, finely striate, covered with minute

scales, which are of an almost uniform dark colour, except at the

sides where they become more or less pallid, though in a very

variable manner. Legs stout ; apex of hind tibiz very large.

Mr. Lewis procured a small series of this very

~ interesting insect at Hakodate, in Yezo. One of the

specimens is a very beautiful variety in which the upper

surface is maculate, somewhat as in Copanopachys tigrinus,

with numerous pallid marks, the scales that are almost

uniformly dark in the typical form, being, moreover,

metallic. This example is a little smaller than the

others, and slightly different in outline, so that it may

possibly prove to be of a distinct species.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 87

Prazomtas, Schonherr.

1. Piazomias velatus, Chev. ?

Piazomias velatus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,

xvi., 1873, p. 164.

I enter this in the Japan list, solely on the authority of

M. Roelofs, who says of it, ‘‘Trés commun au Japon.”

There are, however, no examples of it in the Lewis

collection. Indeed, I have not yet seen any Chinese

example of the genus that agrees with the Japanese

ean: and Chevrolat described the species from

Ina, ;

2. Piazomias lewisti, Roel.

Piazomias lewisi, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,

xx, 1879, CR; p. lie.

This species was not described in M. Roelofs’ first

paper on Japanese Rhynchophora, and I think it possible

that it was this insect he alluded to in his first paper,

under the name of P. velatuws: in which case, the latter

name should be withdrawn from the Japanese cata-

logue.

According to Mr. Lewis’s collection, this is by no

means a prominent insect in the Japanese Coleopterous

fauna; he found a few specimens in the island Kiushiu,

in April, and one at Kobé, on the south coast of the

Main island.

ScEPTIcus.

Scepticus, Roelofs, op. cit., xvi., 1873, p. 158.

1. Scepticus insularis, Roelofs, 1. c.

This species has been found sparingly in various

localities throughout the three islands, from Nagasaki to

as far north as Sapporo.

GROUP III.

AMYSTAX.

Amystax, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi.,

1873; pevloo:

1. A. fasciatus, Roelofs, I. c., p. 160, pl. i, fig. 2.

88 Mr. David Sharp on the

A few specimens only have been obtained of this

species. It is apparently very variable, but the material

does not enable me to decide certainly that there is

more than one species. T'wo individuals (without exact

locality) have the elytra longer, and narrower, of a very

dark colour, and marked behind the middle with two

separated spots instead of a fascia.

Kiushiu, at Nagasaki and Ichiuchi in April.

Biosyrvus, Schonherr.

1. Blosyrus japonicus, n. sp.

Niger, fusco-squamosus, sordidus, antennis piceis, prothorace

brevi, medio carinulato, elytris globosis, interstitiis leviter convexis.

Long. 64 mm.

Antenne short, third joint scarcely longer than the second.

Rostrum very short, not longer than broad, flat, with distinct

angular transverse depression in front of the eyes. Thorax

short and broad, very strongly transverse, rounded at the

sides, with an obscure carina on the middle, most distinct in front ;

the surface squamose ; with a few very minute shining granules.

Elytra much broader than the thorax, convex and globose, with

series of rather coarse punctures, the interstices broad, slightly

convex, and set with very short sete.

The sculpture and clothing in this insect are more or

less obscured by the dirt with which the insect becomes

covered. There is a longitudinal channel on the middle

of the head in two examples; in two others it can

scarcely be detected, perhaps owing to its being

obliterated by dirt mixed with an exudation.

Awomori and Sapporo: four specimens.

CATAPIONUS.

Catapionus, Schonh., Gen. Curc., vi., 2, p. 245 ; Roelofs,

Ann. ent. Belg., xvi., p. 155.

M. Roelofs has examined the type species of this

genus, and has informed us that the C. viridimetallicus

of Japan is certainly congeneric with it. He has also

called attention to some errors in Lacordaire’s description

of the genus, and has added three other species from

Japan: I should certainly not have recognized Lacor-

daire’s description of the genus as being applicable to

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 89

these Japanese insects, had it not been for M. Roelofs’

investigation. The genus is very closely allied to

Cneorhinus, whereas Lacordaire places it in the Bary-

notides ; but, as I see no reason to doubt the correctness

of the conclusion M. Roelofs arrived at, I accept it; as

also his decision that the other species he describes, as

belonging to the genus should really be placed in it.

The Cneorhinus? nodosus, Motsch., was not known

to M. Roelofs, but it has been obtained by Mr. Lewis

during his recent journey, and should, I think, also

be associated with the other species of Catapionus

at present. Although very different in appearance and

in several details of its structure from the C. viridi-

‘metallicus, it is approached in so many points by C.

clathratus, Roel., that I hesitate to make it a new

genus.

1. Catapionus nodosus.

Cneorhinus ? nodosus, Motsch., Etudes ent., ix., 1860,

p. 21.

Dermatodes nodosus, Harold, Deutsche ent. Zeitschr.,

1877, p. 359.

Nikko, Subashiri, Miyanoshita.

The species has been received by Mr. J. H. Leech

from China (Kiu-Kiang and Ichang), and I have

an individual in my collection labelled as being from

Assam. .

C. nodosus has the rostrum broader at the apex,

and more angularly prominent on each side, the man-

dibles are shorter, and each elytron is strongly lobed at

the base. Harold’s subsequent reference of this insect

to Dermatodes was certainly erroneous.

2. Catapionus clathratus, Roel.

Catapionus clathratus, Roelofs, op. cit., xvi., 1873,

p. 157

This was described froma single specimen. In 1881

Mr. Lewis procured a small series of examples at

Nagasaki, Kashiwagi, and Otsu, in the months of June

and July. There is very little variation amongst

them, though the species has been found in two of the

islands.

90 Mr. David Sharp on the

3. Catapionus modestus, Roel.

Catapionus modestus, Roelofs, t. c., p. 156.

This is at present the rarest species of the genus.

I have before me three examples found at Nikko and

Shimonosuwa, on the Main island.

4. Catapionus obscurus, n. sp.

Niger, griseo-squamosus, plus minusve obscure fusco-varie-

gatus ; prothorace rugoso, medio obsolete sulcato ; elytris inter-

stitiis alternis paululum magis elevatis. Long. cumque rostro,

7-9 mm.

This is closely allied to C. gracilicornis, Roelofs, but is

much smaller, and has shorter antennz, with the third

joint only about half as long. The rostrum is nearly

parallel-sided, a little broader in front: the third joint of

the antennz is a little longer than the second; the club

is black, in marked contrast to the other parts: the

rostrum has, on the upper part, an indistinct lateral

groove on each side, in addition to the vague median

depression. The thorax is narrower in front than at the

base, but little rounded at the sides, the base nearly

truncate. Elytra with rounded shoulders and fine serial

punctures.

Found during the month of August, 1881, at several

localities in the centre of the Main island: seventeen

examples.

5. Catapionus gracilicornis, Roel.

Catapionus gracilicornis, Roelofs, op. cit., xvi., 1873,

p- 157.

This was described from a single individual found at

Hakodate ; it appears to be the least rare of the species

in the northern parts of the Archipelago.

Hakodate, Sapporo, Junsai, all in the island of Yezo.

6. Catapionus viridimetallicus, Motsch.

Cneorhinus viridimetallicus, Motsch., Etudes. ent., ix.,

1860, p. 21; Catapionus viridimetallicus, Roelofs,

Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi., 1873, p. 155.

Yezo; Hakodate, Sapporo: very common.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 91

TRACHYRHINUS, gen. nov.

Corpus rugosum, sordidum, sat elongatum, setis erectis parce

vestitum. Scrobz laterales, late. Antenne scapo sat elongato

setoso, apicem versus crass.

Distinguished from Trachyphleosoma by the more elongate

rostrum, with longer scrobes, and by the comparatively elongate

form of the body. The mandibular scars are distinct, the scrobes

are very broad, owing to the arching of their upper margin, which

causes them to encroach a little on the upper face of the rostrum,

but the general direction and position of the scrobes is that of the

Brachyderides, rather than that of the Otiorhynchides : there are

no ocular lobes or vibrissee, the eyes are rather small, nearly cir-

cular not prominent. The nasal plate is extruded so as to form an

abrupt prominence. Femora not dentate: claws small, not

connate. Metasternum very short: second and third abdominal

sutures extremely deep ; second segment equal in length to the

part of the first segment that lies behind the coxe. Tarsi rather

small : tips of hind tibize slender, minutely mucronate.

This insect has somewhat the facies of Trachyphleus.

It may be described as a connecting link between

Amystax and Trachyphleosoma. It differs from the

former by the scrobes which are broader, attain the eye,

and are somewhat visible from above. The abrupt

prominence of the nasal plate is peculiar.

1. Trachyrhinus sordidus, nu. sp.

Piceus, suboblongus, rugose sculpturatus, setosus, parcius

obscureque squamosus; prothorace sat elongato, medio canali-

culato. Long, 5, lat. 12 mm.

Antenne obscure red, scape rather long, with very distinct erect

setee on the lower margin, 2nd joint rather long, 3rd a little shorter,

4-8 differing but little in length, the 8th slightly broader than the

preceding, about as long as broad; club oval, moderately long

and stout. Nasal plate small but peculiarly prominent, placed

entirely in front of the antennal insertions: front of rostrum

rather broad, rugose ; eyes entirely lateral, rather distant from the

thorax. Thorax nearly as long as broad, slightly narrower than the

elytra, curved at the sides and a little nirrowed behind, coarsely

and very deeply rugose. Elytra rather narrow, very little narrowed

in front, very coarsely sculptured, but covered with an exudation

mixed with dirt, which obscures also the small scales; the erect

sete very distinct, slightly clavate. In the male there is a deep

92 Mr. David Sharp on the

oblong impression on the metasternum and _ first abdominal seg-

ment: the apical ventral segment is prominent, and broadly

but vaguely impressed. The female is of less elongate form, and

has the breast unimpressed.

Nagaski, in April: a dozen examples.

TRACHYPRL@OsSOMA = (T'rachyphleops, Roel.), n. syn.

Trachyphleosoma, Wollaston, Ann. Nat. Hist., iv.,

1869, p. 414; Trachyphleops, Roelofs, Ann. Soc.

ent. Belgique, xvi., 1873, p. 165.

I can find very little to distinguish as species the St.

Helena Trachyphleosoma setosum, Woll., from the

Japanese Trachyphlwops setosus, Roel., and as genera I

can see no distinctions. It therefore becomes necessary

to change the name of the latter species as being later.

The genus has only a superficial resemblance with

Trachyphleeus, next to which it is usually placed.

1. Trachyphleosoma roelofsi, n. n.

Trachyphleops setosus, Roel., t. ¢., xvi., p. 166, pl. i, fig. 5.

Nagasaki, in March: apparently very rare.

GROUP IV.

Hersomus, Schonherr.

Episomus, Schonherr, Disp. Meth., 1826, p. 126;

Pascoe, J. Linn. Soc. Zool., xi., p. 163.

1. EHpisomus turritus.

Lagostomus turritus, Schonh., Gen. Curc., i., p. 613;

Episomus turritus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent.

Belgique, xvi., p. 164.

This species has been, after several misconceptions as

to its position, referred to Episomus. It may be pro-

bably separated as a distinct genus (with LH. mundus),

but this may be left undecided at present.

E. turritus appears to be a common insect in China,

and is probably not rare in the Southern parts of Japan.

One of Mr. Lewis’s specimens is labelled ‘‘ found only on

Aralia maximowiczi.” It is a very variable insect in

colour, size, and, to a less extent in sculpture. I have it

from various localities in China, including Kiu Kiang

(Pratt) and Shanghai.

Vee

EEE eee eh

———E

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 93

2. Hpisomus mundus, n. sp.

Squamosus, subtus cretaceo-albidus, supra fuscus, utrinque late

albido-plagiatus, apiceque albido, antennarum apice nigro ; supra

vage sculpturatus, hand tuberculatus. Long. 14 mm.

Slightly smaller than ZH. twrritus, with more slender

limbs, and at once distinguishable by the absence of

tubercles on the elytra. ‘The surface is very densely

covered with extremely minute scales, and the system of

coloration is more like that of H. turritus than of other

species of the genus. There is a single very deep groove

along the middle of the rostrum, but no lateral ruge.

The thorax has no transverse folds or grooves, and it is

only obsoletely and sparingly rugose, but there is a

broad longitudinal impression along the middle con-

sisting of two parts separated on the disc. ‘The elytra

seen in profile, are at first flat or nearly so, but then rise

greatly so as to be very convex; they are sculpture with

series of irregular, large, not deep pits, separated only

by quite small interstices. A single specimen only has

been found of this elegant insect, it does not appear to

be related to any species but H. turritus.

Yuyama, in Kiushiu, May 12th, 1881.

GROUP V.

MyosiIpDeEs.

Myosides, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi., 1873,

p- 164.

This genus comes near to Ccnopsis, from which it is

distinguished by the larger interval between the eye

and the scrobe, the former being placed also nearer to

the thorax.

1. Myosides seriehispidus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent.

Belgique, xvi., p. 165, pl. i1., fig. 4.

Apparently not uncommon, about Nagasaki in March ;

two specimens were also met with on the Main island at

Miyanoshita in April.

2. Myosides pyrus, n. sp.

Dense fusco-squamosus, subpyriformis, setis erectis tenuibus

parce vestitus ; elytris minus brevibus, basin versus fortiter

angustatis. Long. 33 mm.

94. Mr. David Sharp on the

Antenne piceous, with elongate scape. Rostrum moderately

long, very densely squamose except on the very definite angular

space that limits the nasal plate ; the tip very distinctly broader.

Eyes round, slightly prominent. ‘Thorax short, not much more

than half as broad as the elytra, densely squamose, but with

minute sete placed in punctures that are concealed by the squa-

mosity. Elytra narrow at the base, but becoming much broader

behind, convex, finely striate, very densely squamose, with erect,

moderately long, slender sete. Legs piceous, moderately long,

setose and feebly squamose.

This little weevil somewhat resembles Hpisomus in its

general form. By the expanded tip of the rostrum it

differs considerably from M. seriehispidus, and ap-

proaches Peritelus. Probably a distinct genus should

be established on it. The claws are not connate.

A single individual was met with at Nikko, Main

island, in June.

ARRHAPHOGASTER.

Arrhaphogaster, Roelofs, Aun. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi.,

1873, p. 163.

The affinity of this genus appears to be with Phlyctinus.

It differs from Celeuthetes by the scrobes being anterior

instead of lateral. From Phlyctinus it is distinguished

by the scrobes being foveiform instead of linear. The

claws are not connate. The scar of the mandible is

not very large, but is distinct on the left side, less so

on the right one.

1. Arrhaphogaster pilosus.

A, pilosus, Roel., Ann. Soc. ent. Belg., xvi, p. 164,

pl. i., fig. 3.

Yokohama, April 1880: rare; Roelofs, /.c., records it

from Hakodate on Yezo.

ASPHALMUS, gen. n.

Antennz anteriores, scapo sat elongato. Rostrum brevissimum,

haud pterygiatum. Femoradentata. Corpus setis tenuibus depressis

vestitum.

The insect for which I propose this new genus is

similar in appearance to the Huropean Omias bohemanni,

from which it is distinguished by the scrobes whose

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japa. 95

posterior part encroaches on the front of the rostrum, so

that they are separated only by a prominent, somewhat

narrow, space ; by the dentate femora and by the body

being clothed with depressed instead of erect setie.

From Arrhaphogaster it is distinguished by the smaller

interval separating the scrobes above and by the

dentate femora. The eyes are quite small, but rather

prominent, and are placed far in front of the thorax.

The latter is without trace of vibrissee or ocular lobes.

The prosternum is only about half as long as the notum,

the coxee being placed almost at its front margin. The

metasternum is extremely short; the hind coxze are very

widely separated. ‘he abdominal sutures are moderately

deep. The tips of the hind tarsi are very slender. The

claws are small, equal, connate. These characters bring

the genus somewhat near to Peritelus, though the two

are not all similar. The Japanese insect is distinguished

by the form of the rostrum and scrobes, and the hair-like

clothing of the body.

1. Asphalmus japonicus, n. sp.

Fusco-rufus, pube grisea depressa, parce vestitus ; prothorace

densissime, ruguloso-punctato ; elytris profunde crenato-striatis,

interstitiis convexis. Long. 4, lat. 2 mm.

Rostrum very short, eyes placed almost half-way between the

front of the thorax and the base of the antenne. Scape moderately

long, sub-curvate, thickened from base to tip, Head densely punc-

tured, sub-foveolate above the eyes. Thorax very densely, not

coarsely rugose-punctate. Elytra convex, ovate, much broader than

the thorax, with rather broad and deep crenate striz, the interstices

convex, and furnished with depressed pallid hairs. Ventral

segments shining, with only distant and rather fine punctuation.

Tooth of front femora quite distinct, of the hind almost

imperceptible.

Of this distinct insect eight specimens were met with

on the Main island at Shiba in Tokio, in May, 1880.

Omovotus, n. gen.

Ex affinitate generis Otiorhynchi. Corpus parvum fere nudum.

Femora omnia dentata. Scrobes magne, antennis superne parum

late distantes. Oculi parvi, fortiter convexi. Tibi tenues,

apicibus nullo modo dilatatis.

96 Mr. David Sharp on the

The small weevil for which I establish this genus, has

the facies of an Omias, such as O. concinnus, but it

appears to be more closely allied to Otiorhynchus,

of which it might form a sub-genus, were it not that the

scrobes of the antennz in their upper part encroach more

on the front of the rostrum, and are consequently less

widely separated than in Otiorhynchus.

Antenne moderately long, scape slender at the base, much

thicker at the apex, extending beyond the front margin of the

thorax. The rostrum short, thicker at the apex, distinctly

pterygiate, the true scrobes quite short and convergent, but the

rostrum above them excavated, so that the front of the rostrum is

in the middle comparatively narrow. Eyes small, very convex.

Front coxze almost imperceptibly separated. Mentum with

a short peduncle, and not filling the buccal cavity. Mandibular

scars small but distinct. Third and fourth ventral segments

not very short. Front femur with a large tooth, middle and

hinder with smaller teeth. Tibiz slender at tips, the posterior

with two excessively minute spurs at the lower angle.

1. Omoiotus ovatus.

Gracilis, testaceus, capite thoraceque dense punctatis, illo inter

oculos foveolato; thorace elongato, elytris multo angustiore ; his

fortiter, regulariter, seriatim punctatis, interstitiis leviter convexis.

Long. 4 mm.

Second and third joints of antenne rather elongate, the

latter a little the longer, slender. Rostrum and head very

densely punctate, the former short, but little longer than broad,

without nasal plate, with a small deep fovea between the eyes ;

these remote from the thorax, very prominent. Thorax rather

long and narrow, slightly longer than broad, curved at the sides, a

little broader at the base than in front ; densely rather coarsely

punctate, rugose at the sides but not along the middle. Elytra

rather slender, ovate, the series of punctures remarkably regular,

each puncture rather large, the interval between each and the next

very small: the interstices extremely regular, and bearing some

minute depressed hairs ; the series of punctures are ten, the outer

one being placed very uear to the margin, and obsolete behind.

Ventral segments shining, almost smooth.

Two specimens were found, but the exact locality has

not been recorded. This little insect is of considerable

interest owing to its great approximation to the European

ets i I A

5 es a Ce ES Nb eR

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 97

genus Otiorhynchus. It is, in fact, all that has been

discovered in Japan to represent the ereat genus that

has several hundred species in Europe.

OTIORHYNCHIDA ALATA.

The Japanese species of this division are not very

numerous, but it is probable that a good many others

remain to be discovered.

There is but little difficulty in distinguishing the

genera. ‘These are eleven in number, and may be

tabulated as follows :—

Prothorax without ocular lobes or vibrissz.

Claws connate.

Scrobes visible from front.

Rostrum with prolonged front angles. . Diallobius.

. 45 simple, as usualattip . . . . Phyllobius.

Scrobes entirely lateral. . . . . . . . Scythropus.

Claws free.

Scrobes widely separated.

Antenne longer than the body . . . . EHumayjllocerus.

Antenne not longer than the body.

Second joint of antenne short . . . Macrocorynus.

a long. . Myllocerus.

Scrobes separated on upper surface by only

a small space.

Rostrum with a recurved process at tip . Anosimus.

“ without ,, i " . Hyperstylus.

Prothorax with vibrissz or ocular lobes.

Prothorax ‘with vibrisse but not lobes . . . Chlorophanus.

i“ without vibrisse, but with lobes.

Rostrum rather slender, broader at tip . . Phytoscaphus.

» thick, not broader at tip . . . - Canoizus.

Puyntosius, Germar et Auct.

The Japanese species of this genus appear to be

numerous, and I have no doubt others will have to be

added to those here mentioned.

The species are far from being closely allied to those

found in Europe, though the existence of the genus

in Europe and Japan, and its representation in each of

the two provinces by numerous species, is the chief

character that could be cited as evidence of an affinity

between the Otiorhynchid fuunz cf Europe and Japan.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896,—ParT I. (MARCH.) 7

98 Mr. David Sharp on the

1. Phyllobius longicornis.

P. longicornis, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi.,

p. 166.

The male of the insect I identify as this species, has

the trough, or gonge-shaped depression, on the terminal

ventral plate very deep, and the preceding two segments

are more or less deeply, broadly impressed; the first

abdominal segment is only slightly impressed on the

middle, and the metasternum has no angular prominence

on either side of the median impression. The front

tibiz have only a slight sinuation of the inner margin

below the middle; the hind tibia have a very feeble

concavity of the inner face of the apical part. The head

has only a slight swelling of the surface posterior to the

eyes. ‘The antenne are very long; the upper surface of

the insect is rather densely covered with minute green

scales, and there is no long pubescence.

M. Roelofs did not at first distinguish between this

species and P. prolongatus, and most of his specimens

in the Lewis collection belong to the latter species.

Altogether I have examined eight specimens of P. longi-

cornis : the localities are Nikko, Yokohama, Oyama, and

Miyanoshita, on the Main island; Hakodate in Yezo.

2. Phyllobius prolongatus.

P. prolongatus, Motsch., Bull. Soc. Moscow, 1866, i.,

p. 180.

I accept, as representative of this species, an individual

in Mr. Lewis’s collection, determined by one of the

German authorities who examined Herr Hiller’s Japanese

Coleoptera.

P. prolongatus is closely allied to P. longicornis, and

is densely covered with golden-green scales, but has

the male characters much less remarkably developed,

the depression of the last ventral plate being com-

paratively sight, and the preceding two segments being

simple; the tooth of the front femur is considerably

smuller, and all the femora are less swollen. In the

female the ventral segments are more bare than they are

in P. longicornis.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 99

I have seen twenty specimens of this species; they

vary a good deal in colour and in the vestiture. Most of

the series were procured at Nikko, but the species was

also met with at Miyanoshita, Higo, Bukenji, Oyama, and

Awomori.

3. Phyllobius armatus.

P. armatus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvii.,

C.R., p. cxxviil.

This species was described by M. Roelofs from a single

pair, found by M. Van Volxem, and was not represented

in the first collection made by Mr. Lewis. I refer to the

species six examples found by Mr. Lewis at Nikko,

Tokio, and Oyama. The insect is rather more robust,

and has a broader after-body than its allies, and is

distinguished, in addition to the remarkable characters

of the male, by the conspicuous, soft, upright pubescence

with which the body is clothed. In addition to the

remarkable structure of the male front tibiz, described

by M. Roelofs, it should be noticed that the hind tibiz

have a slight excavation on the apical portion of the

inner face, that the metasternum and first abdominal

segment are impressed, but that the apical ventral

segment is not trough-like, but vaguely irregularly

impressed. It is not noticed in M. Roelofs’ description

that the antenne are in larger part black, and that there

is a vague, denuded black stripe, along the side of each

wing-case.

4. Phyllobius annectens, n. sp.

Gracilis, niger, viridi-squamulatus, pube laxa, erecta, minus dense

vestitus ; antennis elongatis, tenuibus, ex parte rufis. Long. 8-9 mm.

This is allied to P. armatus, and is distinguished from

other species, except the one mentioned, by the erect,

soft pubescence clothing the body. ‘The front tibiew of

the male are like those of P. armatus, but are more

slonder; while on the ether hand the hind tibiz are

more evidently dilated at the tip, and more deeply

emarginate on the inner face. ‘I'he abdominal characters

of the male are like those of P. armatus, but the apical

ventral plate is more regularly depressed in a longitudinal

100 _ Mr. David Sharp on the

manner along the middle. The female may be distin-

guished from the same sex of P. armatus by the narrower

form, the absence of a denuded stripe on the side of the

wing-case, while in general appearance it is intermediate

between the species named and P. longicornis.

Nikko and Kashiwagi, in June.

5, Phyllobius rotundicollis.

P. rotundicollis, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi.,

p..L67,

This remarkable species is distinguished by the pecu-

liar ashy or cinereous clothing of the upper surface, which

has a more or less indistinct metallic shimmer, but is

entirely absent from a broad stripe on the side of the

wing-case: the clothing is more like hair than scales.

The eyes are very convex, and the head above them is

much swollen. ‘There is great difference between the

sexes. The apical ventral segment of the male is

broadly and deeply impressed, and the segments in front

of it are also more or less impressed, as well as the hind

part of the metasternum. ‘The teeth on the femora are

elongate and spiniform.

P. rotundicollis is apparently a rare insect, and has

only been met with at Nagasaki. It occurs in early

spring: April 12th, 1881.

6. Phyllobius nigritus, n. sp.

Nigricans, hand squamosus, pube tenuissima erecta parce

vestitus, pedibus antennisque rufo-obscuris, his tenuibus, per-

elongatis. Long. 7 mm.

This species differs from the other Japanese Phyllobiui

hitherto brought to light by the absence of scales or

coloured hairs, resembling in this respect the European

P. oblongus, to which, however, it is, in other respects,

but little allied. The antenne are as slender as those of

any species I have seen of the genus, and are also very

Jong; the club is particularly slender, and is acuminate.

Head coarsely rugose, inflated above the eyes, depressed

between these, which are very convex. Thorax very

densely rugose-punctate, opaque. Elytra with very

regular series of punctures, the interstices slightly con-

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 101

vex; the very fine hair is quite short in front, but on the

apical part is longer and more conspicuous. The femora

are each armed with a remarkably prominent tooth, that

on the middle and hind femora being more abrupt and

spine-like than usual.

The male differs much from the female, being of more

long and slender form, with the antennz: somewhat

longer and the femora more inflated. The breast and

the first ventral plate are depressed in the middle, and

the terminal ventral segment is broadly, rather deeply im-

pressed ; there are slight depressions on the penultimate

and antepenultimate segments.

Hitoyoshi in Kiushiu, May 8th, 1881: a small series.

[Phyllobius picipes. |

P. picipes, Motsch., Etudes ent. ix., p. 20 (1860) ;

Desbrochers, Abeille, xi., 1873, p. 660.

Motschoulsky’s description is of little importance, but

he remarks that the species is 4-5 mm. long, that it

resembles P. argentatus, and that the eyes are “ sub-

prominuli.”” Desbrochers’ description was made from a

specimen sent by Motschoulsky to Jekel; and of this

Desbrochers says that the eyes are “ trés-saillants, trés-

détachés.” ‘This renders it clear that Motschoulsky

mixed together at least two very distinct species—the

prominence of the eyes being of very great importance

in the Japanese Phyllobii—and I think his name should

be consigned to oblivion.

7. Phyllobius japonicus.

Minor, niger, sat dense viridi-squamosus, pedibus autennisque

rufo-obscuris, his clava nigra. Long. 5 mm.

? Phyllobius japonicus, Faust, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1., 1889,

p. 221.

Distinguished from the other species by smaller size,

and by stouter, less elongate antenne, as well as by the

almost total absence of external sexual distinctions. The

clothing consists of minute, brilliant green scales, which,

however, are not closely placed, and of short pubescence,

which is fine and not erect, and therefore inconspicuous.

‘The eyes, though strongly prominent, are not so much

so as in the various preceding species. The form of the

102 Mr. David Sharp on the

rostrum and scrobes is that of P. calearatus. The scape

is strongly bent, moderately Jong and stout, the club

rather short; there is no swelling over the eyes. The

thorax is small, much narrower than the elytra, nearly

straight at the sides. The elytra are rather long and

narrow, and have no denuded lateral stripe. All the

femora are dentate, the tooth being rather broad and

short; the hind tibiz are somewhat cut away on inner

face of their lower half, and this part is minutely crenate

or tuberculate.

Kashiwagi, in the southern part of the Main island,

June 20th, 1881 : a small series.

Two females have no metallic coloration, the elytra

being covered with a fine pubescence somewhat as is

P. nigritus. I consider them to be only a variety of

DP. japonicus.

P. japonicus was described by Faust from a single

example, said to be of the female sex. It is not quite

clear from the description that it 1s certainly this species,

but I cannot reconcile Faust’s description with any other,

except this species.

8. Phyllobius polydrusoides, un. sp.

Squamulis lete viridi-micantibus dense vestitus ; antennis

scapo in medio abrupte curvato, fere angulato. Long. 5 mm.

This is a very remarkable species, of which only one

example has been found. It has the appearance of a

Polydrusus more than of a Phiyllobius, and the head has

a marked angular prominence on each side over the eyes,

much the same as in Polydrusus pterygomalis. The scape

is short, nearly black, just before the middle abruptly

bent, the outer part incrassate, the club short, and not

acuminate. Rostrum very short, the scrobes not definite,

but attaining the eye; this latter convex very remote

from the thorax, the front of the rostrum quite flat.

Thorax rather small and short, brilliantly scaled. Elytra

covered with scales of a beautiful green colour, without

any admixture of pubescence, the series of punctures quite

distinct, the external one deeply impressed at the tip,

and broader, so as to mark off there a sort of inferior

margin. Legs black, clothed with some setw, tarsi

piceous. Femora each armed with a slender tooth, that

on the anterior being minute.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 103

This species might be separated as a distinct genus. A

single example only was found at Kashiwagi, June 19th,

1881.

9. Phyllobius incomptus, nu. sp.

Dense griseo-squamosus, in elytris maculis obscuris indistinctis

subvariegatus, antennis rufis; femoribus vix incrassatis, dente

minuto armatis. Long. 5}-6 mm.

This appears to be somewhat allied to P. pomonx,

though of a different colour and with a longer Saas

The upper surface is densely covered with adpressed

scales, without any mixture of pubescence: the scales

are of a very pallid grey colour, and on the elytra are

very faintly mottled by some irregularly distributed

darker patches. The antenne are unicolorous, pale red.

The thorax is short only slightly curved at the sides, and

a little narrowed towards the front. The elytra are

rather long, become distinctly broader behind, and

notwithstanding their dense clothing of scales have very

evident punctate-strize. The under surface is densely

squamose. The legs are pale red, but much clothed

with scales and setz, there is a distinct tooth on the

middle and posterior femora. I do not see any sexual

differences.

Miyanoshita.

10. Phyllobius leechi, n. sp.

Dense griseo-squamosus, hand variegatus, antennis rufis ;

femoribus in medio leviter incrassatis, nec angulatis, nec dentatis.

Long. 5 mm

This is extremely closely allied to P. incomptus, but

must be separated on account of the unarmed femora.

I have a single specimen from the late Mr. Pryer’s

collection, given me by J. H. Leech, Esq., and there is a

specimen in Mr. Lewis’ series of Phyllobius found by

him at Kashiwagi on 16th June, 1881. The specimen

from Mr. Pryer’s collection has the antennw considerably

shorter than they are in P. incomptus, or in the example

of P. leechi from Kashiwagi.

104 Mr. David Sharp on the

DIALLOBIUS, n. gen.

Generis Phyllobii proxime affinis. Rostrum apice lato, ptery-

giatum, angulis anterioribus acutis, breviter recurvatis.

This genus has the facies of the densely scaled species

of Phyllobius — P. pomone —e.g., but the peculiar

dilatation of the apical part of the rostrum, by which the

scrobes are made anterior and entirely exposed i in front,

is diagnostic. ‘The structure of the parts of the mouth

appears to be much the same as that of Phyllobius, the

mentum is, however, rather less slender, so that the

maxille are not exposed ; the minute labial palpi are,

however, seated on the front of the mentum and quite free.

There is no trace of either vibrissze or ocular lobes.

The species of tnis genus seem to be of great rarity.

1. Diallobius inornatus, n. sp.

Dense argillaceo-squamosus, vix variegatus, antennis rufis,

femoribus dentatis. Long. 43-6 mm.

Antenne rather stout, scape scarcely surpassing the front

margin of the thorax. Club, rather short, oval, solid, but with the

sutures visible. Rostrum very densely and evenly squamose, eyes

rather large, scarcely prominent, separated by a long distance from

the thorax, this latter short, slightly curved at the sides, and

evidently narrower in front than at the base. Elytra very densely

squamose, without any pubescence, the series of fine punctures

very distinct notwithstanding the squamosity. Under surface also

densely squamose, but the clothing is on the abdomen less perfect,

on the apical segment there being merely hairs, or rather sete,

instead of scales. Legs rather stout, all the femora with a

definite tooth.

Two specimens found by the late Mr. Pryer. The

smaller specimen is probably the male.

2. Diallobius mundus, un. sp.

Dense squamosus, pallidus, subviridis, antennis rufis; femoribus

intermediis et posterioribus fortiter dentatis. Long. 5} mm.

Similar in appearance to the European P. pomonz

and allies; extremely densely covered with adpressed

scales, of a pale colour, with a very slight tinge of green,

and here and there slightly iridescent or metallic. In

Rhynchophorous Ooleoptera of Japan. 105

most other respects extremely closely allied to D.

mmornatus, the front femora are, however, though dilated

and angular beneath, provided only with a very minute

tooth. The legs are red, but on their anterior aspects

are densely squamose.

I have seen only two specimens of this elegant insect.

They were found in the Main island at Nikko and

Kashiwagi in June. It should be noticed that Mr.

Lewis found at Nikko a single immature individual of a

species of Phyllobius that resembles D. mundus almost

exactly.

3. Diallobius lewisi, n. sp.

Niger, minus dense viridi-aureo squamosus, antennis pedibusque

rufis, illis clava nigricante ; femoribus omnibus maxime dentatis,

Long. 64 mm.

A very remarkable insect, of which only a single

specimen was found, it isa male; it differs greatly from

the other two species of the genus, and bears in fact a

relation to the first division of Phyllobius, similar to that

exhibited by D. mundus and inornatus to the second

division. Rostrum with the broad apical part very

definite, not squamose, feebly bicarinate before the eyes.

Scape of antenna nearly straight, broad at the extremity,

8th joint about as long as broad, club moderately long,

acuminate. Hyes moderately large, but little prominent,

encroaching somewhat on the front of the head. Thorax

rather large, much rounded at the sides, only a little

narrower in front than behind, sparingly covered with

brilliant, hair-like scales, which do not conceal the

sculpture, this consists of moderately coarse and close

punctures, with the interstices dull, owing to a minute

coriaceous sculpture. Elytra with rows of large punc-

tures, black and shining, with brilliant hair-like scales.

Legs very peculiar, the femora flat, with extremely large

triangular acute tooth; tibiz also compressed, so as to

exhibit an edge externally, the lower part of each rather

deeply emarginate, so that a sort of obtuse angle is

formed above the middle. Under surface, shining, black,

with very little clothing.

Kashiwagi, June 22nd, 1881.

106 Mr. David Sharp on the

ScyrnHropus, Schonherr.

1. 8. scutellaris, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,

Sey) ie LIS)

Yokohama: four specimens, This insect is apparently

really congeneric with the Huropean S. mustela; it has,

however, the front of the rostrum differently formed—as

pointed out by M. Roelofs—and, in addition to this

distinction, the remarkable fringe of sete on the outside

of the apical portion of the hind tibia is wanting in the

Japanese species.

Macrocorynes, Schonherr.

1. Macrocorynus discoidens, O}., Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent.

Belgique, 1873, p. 167.

This E. Indian species was not found in Japan by

Mr. Lewis during his last visit. Previously the species

was only met with at Kagoshima, so that it is probably

confined in Japan to the extreme south.

My.tocervs, Schénherr.

Six species of this genus, all peculiar to Japan, have

been described by M. Roelofs, and I now add three

others. M. abnormalis might, however, be placed in

Macrocorynus with as much propriety as in Myllocerus.

1. Myllocerus naso, n. sp.

Densissime squamosus, brunneus, in elytris vage pallide-varie-

gatus, capite inter oculos canaliculato. Long. 7 mm.

Very distinct from the other Japanese Mylloceri, and

more closely allied to the Siberian M. sibiricus, Tourn. ;

readily distinguished by the structure of the apex of the

rostrum; the depression of the nasal plate being much

prolonged on to the rostrum, and forming above a very

acute angle, surrounded by a remarkably deep and definite

angular groove, which is prolonged as a fine smooth

space along the middle of the rostrum, becoming more

deeply impressed between the eyes, so as to form a short

channel there. Scape long, rather densely setose, 2nd

and 8rd joints of antenna very long, club elongate,

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 107

acuminate. Eyes coarsely facetted. Thorax much

narrower than the elytra, nearly straight at the sides,

and almost as broad behind as in front, the base very

feebly bisinuate ; the surface squamose, but with a few

large punctures, rendering it uneven. Llytra densely

squamose, and with minute and very short sete, rising

from amoug the scales; the interstices a little convex,

aud the series of punctures quite distinct. Legs rather

long, densely squamose, slender, hind femora with a

distinct small tooth, the others almost imperceptibly

dentate.

Higo, a Province in Kiushiu : one specimen.

2. Myllocerus hilleri.

Myllocerus hilleri, Faust, Stett. ent. Zeit., 1., 1889,

Minor, dense griseo-squamosus, variegatus, setis erectis armatus,

antennis rufis, haud crassis, sat dense setosellis ; femoribus dente

parvo instructis. Long. 4-5 mm.

Antenne not long, rather slender, 2nd and 3rd joints only

moderately long, the 3rd scarcely so long as the 2nd. Rostrum

flat in front, not carinate or impressed, eyes rather small, quite

lateral. Thorax small, greatly narrower than the elytra, not

in the least sinuate at the base, very slightly narrower at the base

than in front ; the surface densely squamose, the squamosity paler

at the sides, the numerous sete emerging from the squamosity

very minute. Elytra extremely finely striate, the strie not

visibly punctate, densely squamose, the squamosity sordid grey,

with some very irregular nearly white patches, and a few darker.

The erect sete very distinct. Legs slender, rather short.

This insect reminds one of the European Psewdo-

myllocerus sinuatus, but the claws are not connate.

Amongst the Japanese species it can only be confounded

with Myllocerus griseus, or viridulus, but 1s very

distinct from them by the smaller thorax, smaller eyes,

and by the very conspicuous sete of the elytra. It also

differs by the flat front of the rostrum, and by the

extreme shallowness of the excision that forms the

buccal cavity.

It was found in considerable numbers at Oyama.

108 Mr. David Sharp on the

Notwithstanding some slight discrepancies with Faust’s

description, I have little doubt this is the species he had

before him.

3. Myllocerus (?) abnormalis.

Compactus, dense squamosus, variegatus, antennis pedibusque

crassis, dense squamosis, illis variegatis, tibiis compressis intus

subdentatis. Long. 6 mm.

This insect is remarkable from the incrassate antenne, and

Otiorhynchus-like rostrum. The scape is broad, compressed,

densely squamose and setose, brown, 2nd joint also brown,

joints 3-7 stout, covered with white squamosity, 8-11 black, the

last three forming a compact club. Rostrum broad at the tip,

scrobes large, converging inwards abruptly, so that the prominent

intervening space is but narrow; eyes large, rather prominent.

Thorax rather large, deeply bisinuate at the base, narrowed in

front, extremely densely squamose. Elytra densely squamose, in

colour at the base as if scorched, on the middle pale, immediately

behind the pale scales, a dark patch, the apical part coloured like

the front of the body of a pale fawn colour: striation obscure on

account of the squamosity. Legs very densely squamose, femora

dentate. Under-surface densely clothed with pale squamosity.

Of this distinct weevil only one individual was pro-

cured. Hitoyoshi, May 5th, 1881.

4. Myllocerus variabilis.

Myllocerus variabilis, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent.

Belgique, xvi., p. 168.

5. Myllocerus castaneus.

Myllocerus castaneus, Roelofs, p. 168, t. c.

6. Myllocerus fumosus.

Myllocerus fumosus, Faust, Deutsche ent. Zeitschr.,

XKVi., p- 201.

7. Myllocerus niqromaculatus.

Myllocerus nigromaculatus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent.

Belgique, xvi., 1873, p. 169.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 109

8. Myllocerus griseus.

Myllocerus griseus, Roelofs, t. c., p. 170.

9. Myllocerus elegantulus.

Myllocerus elegantulus, Roelofs, loc. cit.

10. Myllocerus viridulus.

Myllocerus viridulus, Roelofs, t. ¢., p. 171.

EuMYLLOCERUS, n. gen.

Ex affinitate generis Mylloceri; antennew tenues, corpore paulo

longiores; rostrum ad apicem vix incrassatum ; oculi sat prominuli,

a thorace subremoti.

The very elegant insect for which I establish this

genus, is remarkable for its long slender antenne. It is

densely clothed with beautiful pale green-golden scales,

somewhat after the fashion of Phyllobius and Polydrusus.

The scrobes are visible from the front, and have no

prolongation. The mentum and the emargination for its

reception, are remarkably small; there is no trace of

ocular lobes or vibrisse. The legs are slender, the

femora not dentate, the claws rather large, free. The

hind cox less widely separated than in many of the

allied genera.

1. Humyllocerus gratiosus, n. sp.

Dense pallide viridi-squamosus, micans ; antennis rufis, valde

elongatis, clava elongata, gracile. Long. 63-7 mm.

Scape elongate, slender, strongly curved, all the joints of the

funicle very elongate, club slender, distinctly triarticulate. Rostrum

very densely squamose, nasal depression elongate and narrow, a

minute elongate fovea between the eyes, these moderately large,

prominent. Thorax small, as broad in front as at the base, sides a

little enlarged in the middle, base feebly bisinuate. Elytra sub-

inflated, densely squamose, with numerous extremely minute

pallid set in addition to the scales, finely striate, interstices broad,

slightly convex. Scutellum long. Legs slender, nearly black,

but with much pale green squamosity ; tarsi paler, slender. Under-

side of head deeply trifoveolate, and with a fine transverse

impression, passing from the outer fovea to the front of the eye.

Kioto and Kashiwagi, in the month of May: seven

specimens.

110 Mr. David Sharp on the

HYPERSTYLUS.

Hyperstylus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi.,

1873, p. V71.

1. Hyperstylus pallipes, Roelofs, l. c., p. 172.

This elegant little weevil is very like a Polydrusus,

but is distinguished by the scrobes being placed quite on

the front of the very short rostrum.

Bukenji: one individual.

ANOSIMUS.

Anosimus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, 1873,

p: Lvs.

1. Anosimus decoratus, Roelofs, I. c., p. 174, pl. in, fig. 8.

A. pallidus, Roelofs, l. ¢.

The species exhibits two distinct forms, which I believe

are the sexes, the male having the tibie dilated and

angulate on the middle of the inner margin, and the

peculiar apical process of the rostrum more abruptly

elevated and prolonged. I cannot distinguish A. pallidus

as a separate species. Neither can I treat the genus as

being provided with an ocular lobe on the prothorax.

Nikko and Hitoyoshi, in May and June: apparently

very rare.

CuHLoropHANus, Germar, Auct.

Considerable difference of opinion has prevailed as to

whether the peculiar chin-piece found in some members

of this genus be a specific character or not. It is

certainly a sexual character peculiar to the male sex, and

occurring only in certain species of the genus. The

females are characterised by the possession of an ex-

tremely long mucro at the extremity of the middle tibia ;

this sex is also provided with a peculiar structure, in the

form of a very hard chitinous body, probably an ovi-

positor or piercing instrument, which, being frequently

protruded, looks like an organ of the other sex; it is,

however, bifid, whereas the cedeagus of the male is single

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 111

and acuminate. The females of several species have the

last ventral plate peculiarly formed.

1. Chlorophanus grandis.

C. grandis, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, xvi.,

187/3;-p.. L602.

Var. lugubris, n. var. Major, long. 15 mm., obscure fuscus,

elytrorum vitta laterali fere nulla.

Var. metallescens, n. var, Supra lete metallicus, prothorace

distincte ruguloso ; subtus pallidus.

A small series of this species was procured near Oyama,

in May, 1880. Although the two varieties to which I have

given names, seem at first sight very different from the

type form, I feel sure that lugubris will prove to be con-

nected with the usual state of C. grandis. I have seen

only two examples of this form; they were also found at

Oyama; a specimen found at Yokohama is apparently

intermediate. Of the variety metallescens only a single

individual was found, the locality being also Oyama; as

the sculpture of the thorax is an important character, it

may possibly prove to represent a distinct species, very

closely allied to C. grandis.

2, Chlorophanus planus, n. sp.

| 3

Dilute viridis, pallide pulverulens, parum convexus, prothorace

elytris que vitta laterale parum discreta flavescente ; prothorace

brevi, lateribus obliquis hand curvatis; elytrorum acuminibus minus

elongatis ; corpore subtus albido-viridescente. Long. 10 mm.

Pallid green, without metallic lustre. Antennz quite short,

their club reddish, the other joints black but with much white

clothing. Rostrum short, a little narrowed towards the tip.

Thorax not in the least rugose, base almost straight.

This species is readily distinguished from C. grandis

by the characters mentioned above as well as by being

only half the size, and by having the yellow stripe of the

elytra extending over two interstices instead of one. The

male has the chin-piece of the prosternum not per-

ceptibly developed. The female has the tibial mucros

much longer than they are in the male.

Nikko, June, 1880: five specimens.

112 Mr. David Sharp on the

CaNorxus.

Canoixus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi.,

1873, p. 172.

1. Canotxus japonicus, Roel., l.c., pl., iii., fig. 7.

This very remarkable insect has not been found again.

It has little or no relationship with Corrigetus, though it

has been suggested that it is possibly identical therewith.

The locality has not been recorded, but probably the

insect was found at Nagasaki.

Paytoscaraus, Schénherr.

1. Phytoscaphus ciliaris, Roel., Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,

1873, p. 176.

This is a true Otiorhynchid though its appearance

suggests some doubt as to this fact. It was not met

with again by Mr. Lewis on his last journey.

Pyrocuus ? ? OBSCURIPES.

Ptochus obscuripes, Motsch., Bull. Mose., 1866, p. 180.

According to the description this is not a Ptochus, but

belongs probably to the winged series of Otiorhynchides.

It appears to me impossible to identify it from the

description.

SITONIDES.

Sirones, Germar, Auct.

1, Sitones japonicus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,

xvi., 1873, p. 160.

Sitones is one of the most difficult of the genera of

Coleoptera, the species being distinguished by slight and

unimportant points. I think there is more than one

species in Japan, but the material yet obtained is not

sufficient for a certain conclusion on this point.

Kuenatuus, Schonherr.

The position of this genus has been quite misunder-

stood. It isso close to Sitones that it is difficult to point

to good characters for the distinction of the two; but I

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 113

find that in EF. distinctus the scrobes are more widely

distant from the eyes than they are in Sitones.

1. FE. distinctus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,

1873; p. 179.

E. distinctus seems to be rather common in Japan, and

varies greatly in size.

PARASITONES, nN. gen.

Generis Sitonidis per affinis ; corpus crassum, convexum, meta-

sternum brevissimum.

I can see nothing to distinguish the species for which

I establish this genus from Sitones except the short

metasternum, and the comparatively short and convex

form. I presume, from the rounded form of the elytra,

and the absence of shoulders, that the species is apterous.

1. Parasitones gravidus.

Latus, convexus, niger, capite thoraceque parce setoso-squamosis ;

elytris griseo-squamosis, obsolete maculatis. Long. 6}, lat. 35 mm,

Antenne short, obscure red, the club darker, 2nd joint rather

shorter than the 3rd, club acuminate. Eyes rather large, a little

convex. Rostrum short, closely and deeply rugose-punctate, deeply

impressed along the middle, the depression broader in front ; the

sculpture only slightly obscured by the griseous setosity. ‘Thorax

rather large, not so long as broad, much rounded at the sides, base

scarcely at all broader than the front; the sculpture remarkably

coarse, only slightly obscured by the clothing, which is inter-

mediate between sete and scales. Elytra broad and convex,

narrowed at the shoulders, so that the base is only very slightly

broader than the base of the thorax, densely clothed with minute

scales, which are griseous in colour, but varied with small darker

spots, somewhat after the manner of Liophleus nubilus, bearing

also a few short, sub-erect sete, most conspicuous on the apical

part; they are striate, and the broad interstices are slightly

convex on the declivity, the strie are punctate, at the base the

punctures become very large, but this sculpture is much obscured

by the clothing. Under-surface black, sparingly setose.

Hakone: five specimens.

Kuritonus, nov. gen. of doubtful position.

Mandibule prominentes, apicibus laminatis, rotundatis, Ungui-

culi liberi.

Mandibles prominent, and forming two laminate, rounded,

TRANS. ENT. soc. LOND. 1896,—parti. (SOth warcH.) 8

114 Mr. David Sharp on the

divergent processes, without trace of any scar, Mentum very

broad, but not entirely filling the buccal cavity, a narrow chink

being left on each side ; borne on a short very broad peduncle.

Rostrum moderately long and broad, without nasal plate, scrobes

exposed above in front, but afterwards lateral and descending,

moderately broad and definite. Antenne sub-terminal, funiculus

7-jointed, the 7th joint very abruptly separated from the

club. Thorax elongate, without ocular lobes or marginal ciliz ;

coxal cavities nearer to the front than to the hind margin. Front

tibie produced internally at the tip, inner margin not denticulate.

Middle coxe slightly separated ; mesosternal side-pieces sub-equal

in size. Metasternum quite short. Hind cox not widely

separated ; first ventral segment behind the coxe, only equal

in length to the second, which again is but little longer than the

third or the fourth, these two being almost similar. Hind tibi

broad at the tip, but the outer margin is laminate, not cavernose.

Tarsi pubescent beneath ; claws rather small but not contiguous at

the base.

This genus seems to be an extremely isolated one, and

it would be very difficult to assign it a place in any of

the divisions of Lacordaire, or of Leconte and Horn. I

think it had better therefore form a distinct group

to be placed between the Otiorhynchides and Cylindro-

rhinides. In appearance it is more like Otiorhynchide,

than any other of the groups of Rhynchophora, and is, in

fact, somewhat similar to an elongate narrow Liophleus.

The structure of the mandibles would on the N. American

system, quite remove it from the Otiorhynchide, and I

should myself take this view, were it not that in some

species of the genus Peritelus—P. senex, e. g., one of

the sexes has the mandibles formed in a somewhat

similar manner. The genus is, however, certainly not at

all allied to Peritelus, and it seems almost equally widely

separated from Meotiorhynchus in which an abnormal,

and again somewhat similar structure of the mandibles

exists.

Kurilonus insolitus, n. sp.

Elongatus, niger, elytris hispidis, setisque minutis depressis

vestitis ; antennis piceis. Long. cumque rostro 11-12 mm.

Antennz moderately long, scape thicker towards the extremity,

attaining the eyes but not passing beyond them; not squamose,

but bearing a few long sete ; 2nd joint of funiculus quite as

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 115

long as the Ist; club rather small, very compact, pubescent,

acuminate. Rostrum narrower than the head, nearly twice as long

as broad, strigose-rugose, unimpressed, with a fovea between the

eyes, these moderately large, rather convex. Thorax rather longer

than broad, rounded at the sides and considerably narrowed

in front, covered witha peculiar dense intricate sculpture, with a

narrow smooth space along the middle. Scutellum very short and

broad, but quite distinct. Elytra elongate oval, base as broad as

the thorax, shoulders not prominent ; covered with a fine sculpture

rendering the surface somewhat leather-like, and bearing, in

addition to long erect sete, some fine depressed sete, representing

scales: there is no trace of striation or punctuation. Under-

surface destitute of scales; ventral segments quite shining

sparingly punctate.

Mr. Lewis received five examples of this interesting

insect from Ketoi one of the Kurile Islands, in 1881. It

raises a lively desire to know something more of the

insect fauna of these islands, of which we are at present

in almost complete ignorance—at any rate, so far as the

Coleoptera are concerned.

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V. Notes on Flower-Haunting Diptera. By Grorce

Francois Scotr-Enuiot, M.A., B.Sc, F.L.S., etc.,

communicated by Herzert Goss, F.L.S.

[Read February 19th, 1896.]

I wave recently been engaged in writing a Flora of

Dumfriesshire, and on beginning, ib seemed to me advis-

able to make a new departure in several respects from

the plan usually followed in such works, which is

practically that of the late Mr. Hewett C. Watson drawn

up in 1851. Amongst other points I have thought it neces-

sary to observe insect visitors, and for this reason. ‘The

entire dependence of most flowers on their insect clientele

for fertilisation has been proved over and over again,

and therefore it follows that to understand the distribu-

tion of species in any small area, it is necessary to know

the insects which visit the species in that area. More-

over there are many theories at present abroad as to the

origin of variations by natural causes, and as most

botanical characters depend on those parts of the flower

which are adapted to insects, the importance of a know-

ledge of these latter can scarcely be overrated.

Besides their importance in this respect, as being a

possibly direct agency in the origin of variations in

plants, insects must play an enormous indirect part in

the isolation of flowers. If flowers of the same species

are growing partly inside a sheltered and shady wood

and partly on the bare ground outside that wood, it

seems to me, from my own observations, that they will

most certainly not be visited by the sane insects. It is

not improbable that a Bombus or hive bee, or possibly

a butterfly, will visit both the forms outside the wood

and those within it; but I do not think | am at all rash

in saying that probably not 5 per cent. of those outside

will be fertilised by pollen from these inside the wood,

and vice versa. ‘This means, for reproduction, nearly

perfect isolation, and, therefore, just as we find in the

case of oceanic islands, the formation of new varieties

may proceed indefinitely.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—part 1. (SO0th Marca.)

118 My. G. F. Scott-Elliot’s notes

I must, however, state at once that I have no pre-

tensions to be an entomologist, and that in the deter-

mination of the insects I have not attempted any naming

on my own part, but have trusted entirely to the

kindness and skill of Mr. R. Service and Mr. E.

Brunetti. The flowers, whose visitors have been caught

by myself or my friends the Misses Hannay and Taylor

and Mr. Armstrong, are nearly 300 in number, and in

the work alluded to, the insects are put in their proper

place after the locality of each species.* I found, how-

ever, as I proceeded with the catching of insect visitors,

several very great difficulties. One is the want of any

handy book of English Diptera by which one could tell

the particular group of Diptera at a glance when in the

field. I do not see why such a book should not be very

easily produced by some of the members of the Entomo-

logical Society. About five plates ought to enable one

to tell at once the group (Asilide, Bombylidx, Conopide,

Dolichopide, Empide, Leptide, Muscide, Stratiomyide,

Syrphidx, etc.; there are twenty groups or families

given in Miiller’s “ Fertilisation of Plants,” p. 641. The

number of species given in this work is 253, so that a

short account and clavis of each genus and of the

species in e.g., Syrphide and Bombylidx would not make

a book of more than a hundred pages.

The next difficulty was insuperable. It is not possible

to be at the side of every flower in the flora for every

hour in the day, during the whole time that it is in

bloom, for obvious reasons. I question if it is possible

to do in a thorough manner, more than six species in a

season. Hence the visitors of these 300 flowers are

simply the usual common forms.

The first interesting point which I noticed with regard

to both Diptera and Hymenoptera was that they are

extraordinarily quick to see even the slightest motion.

By remaining perfectly still one can observe the shyest

Syrphid at work, but a very slight gesture of the hand

is sufficient to send it off like a flash, and unless one

remains very still there is no chance of getting the

majority of visitors.

The next point, which can only be proved by observa-

* A list of insects with the flowers which they visit is placed

at the end of this paper.

on Flower-Haunting Diptera. Eng

tion, remembering the foregoing hint, is mentioned chiefly

in order, if possible, to get some information from those

present at this Meeting. I have come to the conclusion

that the majority ot Diptera have a recognized space up

and down which they are continually flying. I have

frequently had to remain as quiet as possible for three

hours beside some interesting flower, and on these

occasions I have seen the same fly perpetually flying up

and down within perhaps 10 or 15 yards, occasionally

stopping to rest and then resuming its patrol. For the

carrion flies the phenomenon is very easy to observe,

and I fancy that the whole country is really marked out

into beats for each individual or pair. If a piece of

carrion or excrement is deposited on a particular spot,

it is astonishing that it should be so soon covered by

hundreds of Lucilia Cxsar, Scatophaga, etc. In fact,

I have a strong suspicion that these creatures divide the

ground in the way that vultures do in tropical countries,

and that when the first one detects the smell, the

difference in his flight or his absence from his proper

place tells that in the next beat, and so on; the know-

ledge is thus conveyed with astonishing rapidity from

beat to beat, and crowds continue to flock in until the

first comers are satisfied and fly back to their places. I

mertion this as the result of observation, though not by

an entomologist, and chiefly with a view to extracting

information. ‘The importance of it will be obvious with

regard to the question of isolation already mentioned, for if

every fly, or at any rate, most of the flower-haunting species

usually remains or remain in the same small locality under

ordinary conditions, it is obvious that there is practical

isolation in very circumscribed habitats. The larval

forms of Diptera and the plants on which they feed seem

to be very little studied, and this is also of great impor-

tance to botanists, because I fancy that this has a great

deal to do with the occurrence cf flowers in great

numbers at definite places. Thus on the bare wind-

swept low-lying seashore, between the Annan and Kirtle,

I found the Diptera very few in number and particularly

limited in species. Such flies as Lwucilia, Anthomyia

radicum and Chortophila, appeared to fertilize most of the

seaside plants. On the other side of the Solway,

where there are cliffs, and these are interrupted by

bays and many small burns, the abundance of

120 Mr. G. F. Scott-Elhot’s notes

Diptera is extraordinary. I suspect the shelter

afforded by these bays and valleys has much to do with

this abundance.

Speaking generally, these flower-haunting Diptera

appear to be far most frequent cn plants which grow in

enormous numbers wherever they do occur. ‘Thus on

Spergula arvensis I found Syritta, three species of

Platuchirus, Rhingia, Empis vitripennis and many

Anthomyia, Scatophaga, etc. ‘This was also the case

on the common watercress, which is visited by Volucella

bombylans, Eristalis arbustorum, HE. sepulchralis, Helo-

philus pendulus, Syritta pipiens, Platychirus clypeatus,

P. peltatus, Empis livida, and fourteen other Diptera and

Coleoptera. On the more local and scattered N. palustre

I only discovered three common Anthomyids.

Probably this explains why it is that so many plants

have taken to contracting their inflorescence so that a

very large number of flowers can be visited by insects in

avery short time. ‘Thus, of all the plants which I have

studied, perhaps the following are the most visited by

Diptera and other insects, viz., the dwarf elder, sheepsbit,

Umbellifere, particularly Cicuta and Angelica, and of

course the Compositx, notably Aster tripolium,

On flowers which come early in the spring or late in

the autumn, there is, in favourable weather, quite an

extraordinary number of insects. I consider this to be

probably due to the whole available insect force being

concentrated on just those few forms which happen to be

in bloom. The following list of visitors:—Hive bee,

five species of Bombus, Pieris napi, Hristalis pertinax,

Sericomyia borealis, Platychirus albimanus, Syrphus

balteatus, S. topiarius, Anthomyia radicum,* would be at

once supposed to belong to some very high type of flower,

such as a Labiate, but in reality they were all caught on

the common bramble or blackberry, which probably

attracted them because the special bee-flowers were not

then in bloom. Similarly the early spring buttercup or

pilewort rejoices in a large number of guests, e.g., Hive

bee, Mantua napi, Melanostoma, Platychirus albimanus,

Empis punctata, E. bilineata, Hyetodesia basalis, Chilosia

sp., Anthomyia sp., and Meligethes.

* By the author, Miss Hannay, and Mr. J. C. Willis.

on Flower-Haunting Diptera. 121

One point which comes out very clearly in many

different cases is also illustrated by the buttercups.

That is, that the water-loving forms of a genus, such as

in this case R. aquatilis and Rf. sceleratus, are visited by

perfectly extraordinary swarms of very low-class Diptera,

while the guests of the land-forms though fewer in

number, are of a much higher type (eg., R. ficaria,

v.s.). These water species of a genus are also usually

botanically less specialised than their land allies,* so that

the specialisation of the insects and of their hosts has

advanced together.

This corresponding rise in the scale of specialisation

of guests and host together comes out very clearly in a

variety of genera, und is strongly in favour of the

correctness of the general theory to which I shall allude

later on. Thus Gewm urbanum is yellow and of a simple

open type, and is visited by Srphona geniculata,

Hydrotea dentipes, Anthomyia radicum, and Hylemyiu

strigosa. ji

Geum rivale is red and of a very much more com-

plicated type, and this is visited by Bombus muscorum

and hortorwm, as well as hingia rostrata,

Hpilobium angustifolium has also a larger, more

tubular and one-sided flower than the ordinary willow

herb HL. montanuwm. Hence one finds upon it the hive

bee and bumbles as the most regular visitors. (Apis,

Bombus lucorum, B. pratorum, Vespa sylvestris, and

Cyrtoneura stabularis).

The other only received the visits of Syritta pipiens,

Platychirus elypeatus, Siphona cristata, and Anthomyia

radicum.

The cloudberry, Rubus chamemorus, is also either

degraded or an earlier form of Rubus than the common

blackberry, and hence it is not surprising that only a

species of Hmpis, which Mr. Brunetti thinks is new to

Britain, Anthomyia radicum, Siphona cristata, and

Hydrotea dentipes were discovered upon it. ‘Two very

curious instances of the effect of structure of flower on

insect visitor may be mentioned in this connection.

Corydalis, a kind of poppy, belonging to one of the earliest

* R. sceleratus has small petals, conical axis, etc., and R. aquatilis

is white, not yellow.

122 Mr. G. F. Scott-Elliot’s notes

and least specialised orders, has a corolla closed like

that of the peas, and its visitors are the regular pea-

flower types, Apis, three species of Bombus, Apathus,

and Andrena. ‘The Labiatx are, again, of all orders the

most obviously adapted to bees, and the most constantly

visited by them; for instance, of the fifteen flowers of

‘this order observed by myself and friends, the visitors

were invariably bumble bees and hive bees, except in one

case,—Mentha arvensis,—where we found only Scato-

phaga, Siphona, Hydrotea, Lophius, and Telephorus. This

flower is, again, a water-loving form, and also of very

much simpler structure than any of the other plants of

this order studied.

The flower-haunting Diptera are very much more import-

ant than most observers imagine in fertilisation. ‘Thus

such genera as Galium, Myosotis, some species of Veronica,

and the smaller geraniums, particularly G. lucidum, appear

to be chiefly dependent on Syrphidx for setting seed.

Now in Sir J. Lubbock’s book, ‘‘ Ants, Bees, and Wasps,”

these Diptera are somewhat markedly left out in the

cold, so that a few facts, drawn from my experience, as

to their colour, sense, and intelligence, may be of interest.

I am obliged to admit that they are more frivolous than

bees, and perhaps visit only three flowers in half an hour,

during which time a Bomhus might visit at least one hun-

dred. On the other hand, they do not, as a rule, mix their

honeys, but keep pretty steadily (though not so closely

as a true bee) to one particular nectar. [ have seen this

particularly with Hmpis vitripennis when visiting Linwm

catharticum, which was growing along with many other

flowers. It kept steadily tothe Linuwns for a considerable

time.

Their colour sense is quite clearly obvious from the

following table. The most remarkabie fact in it is, that

not one of these sixteen Diptera is confined to yellow and

white flowers. Sixty-one per cent. of the flowers visited

by hingia rostrata are blue or red, and usually the

white flowers visited are under 50 per cent. of the

whole.

on Flower-Haunting Diptera. 123

Number of :

Bone ee Figean Hite es, eens

Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | Percent.

Empis bilineata 8 50 25 vee 25

» livida 10 40 10 30 20

» vetripennis . 6 50 1h 33) ae

Eristalis arbustorum . 9 67 22 sae 11

s pertinuz . .| 14 64 Ze 14 ee

Melanostoma mellinum 9 45 33 22 oe

Morellia hortorum . 9 29 29 29 13

Onesia sepulchralis 6 33 33 33 as

Platychirus albimanus 25 40 24 2, 24

‘ clypeatus 25 20 36. 20 24

7" manicatus| 15 54 6 40) “36

An peltatus 15 47 13 27 13

Rhingia rostrata . . ts 23 16 46 15

Syritta pipiens. . .| 21 67 24 CP al peers

Syrphus cinctellus . . < 58 | 14 14 14

a GUMCSUE sc | lid 48 om 10 5

FHLYMENOPTERA. | |

Bombus muscorum . 45 11 [Sie 849 22*

Andrena albicans. . 8 50 = 5 ile ll aca (San

Allantus nothi . . . 18 53 26 16 5)

It thus appears that, though Bombus muscorum is far

more red-loving than the higher Diptera, this is by no

means the case for the smaller bees. ‘here are in fact

only four of the sixteen Diptera quoted, which are

fonder of white flowers than Andrena albicans and

Allantus nothi. The fact that blue and purple flowers,

which are held by Miiller and others to be particularly

adapted to bees, and almost entirely fertilised by them,

are very frequently visited by these Diptera, is particularly

important. Hmpis bilineata, Platychirus albimanus and

* Miller gives for flies 67°93 per cent. white and yellow flowers

and 30°3 per cent. of red and blue; for higher bees 36°6 per cent.

white and 63°3 per cent. red and blue, cf. 29 per cent. white and

71 per cent. red and blue in this table: for small bees 63:8

per cent. white and 36:2 per cent. red or blue ; while here it

is 83 per cent. white and 17 per cent. red. “Alpenblumen,” :1881,

p. 512.

124 Mr. G. F. Scott-Elhot’s notes

clypeatus, are more blue in their tastes even than Bombus

muscorum ; aud no less than ten of these sixteen Diptera

habitually visit flowers of this colour. Very much the

same deduction can be drawn with regard to their taste

for red tints. Platychirus manicatus and Rhingia are —

nearly as fond of red as the Bombus muscorwm, and only

five out of these sixteen Diptera are less fond of red

than Andrena albicans and Allantus.

If, in fact, we take the average colour-preferences of

these sixteen Diptera, we find them to be as follows:

Average of Diptera: 46 per cent. white; 22 per cent.

yellow ; 21 per cent. red; 10 per cent. blue; from which

it clearly follows that these Diptera are of far more

advantage to red and blue flowers than either Andrena

or Allantus.

When, instead of taking colour in flowers as a base of

classification, we look to complexity of structure; we

find ourselves at once in a position of considerable

difficulty. The structure of flowers cannot be easily

brought into perfectly definite and unmistakable groups

such as are furnished by the four colours already

mentioned.

If we group flowers according to their natural orders,

and tabulate insect visits to those orders, the result is

quite meaningless, because plants belonging to the same

order, or even genus, are in respect to insects of very

different complexity. ‘Thus, Geranium sylvaticum, e.1.,

is visited by insects which bodily enter the open cup-like

flower; while Geraniwm lucidum is visited by insects

which stand on the petal and insert the proboscis into

the narrow short tube. Hence I found on Geraniwm

sylvaticum, Apis, Bombus pratorum, B. muscorum,

Halictus cylindricus, Nomeda lateralis, Hmpis tessellata,

HE. pennata, EH. vitripennis, and sp., Platychirus pel-

tatus, P. manicatus, and five Anthomyidx, which could

not be named. That is a very varied and extensive

clientele.

On Geranium lucidum, on the other hand, I only

found Syrphus cinctellus, Melanostoma mellinum, Platy-

chirus manicatus (though in great numbers); but no

Anthomyide or Hymenoptera. This represents, of

course, a very different set of visitors. The difference

in Leguminose betwixt the small yellow trefoils and

Ornithopus and the rest of the order is also most

on Flower-Haunting Diptera. 125

remarkable, and similar differences occur in almost all

orders and more than one genus. Miiller tabulates

several orders with their visitors, and his example has

been followed in this country by Mr. J.C. Willis and

others.

However, as a rough classification, in order to obtain

some insight into the intelligence of these Diptera, |

arranged all the flowers which [ have examined into six

divisions :—

1. Ranunculus group, including all open flowers rich

in pollen, into which any insect may enter bodily.

2. Crucifer group, including such forms as Umbelli-

fere, Galium, Alisma, as well as all Composite with

extremely short florets, such as, e.g., Daisy.

8. Veronica, Myosotis, ete., i.e., flowers with a distinct

though short tube, and which involve higher intelligence

in their clients than the preceding.

4. The long-tubed Composite such as Carduus, and also

Lychinis, ete.

5. The smaller Leguininose, Medicago, Ornithopus, and

Trifolium procumbens,

6. The larger Leguininose.

To these six classes I have added Ajuga (or Huphrasia),

Scilla, and Orchis.

The result is expressed on the next page :—

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126

‘SUEMOT,T OL SLISIA dO SHNVINTONTG

on Flower-Haunting Diptera. Parl

In words this may be translated to mean that these

Diptera are, on the whole, more intelligent than the

lower class Hymenoptera.

Three species of Diptera visit species of Orchidacez.

In fact, Syrphus ribesii, Eristalis pertinaa, and Hmpis

vitripennis, appear to be the main agents in effecting the

fertilisation of our common British forms. The only

other insect which I have myself as yet discovered on

these plants is Argynnis aglaia; my friend, Mr. Arm-

strong, however, reports that he has observed certain

“large brown and sulphur moths” feeding on Habenaria

bifolia.*

Nine of these Diptera are found either on the larger

Leguminosex, flowers of the Bugle type, or on Orchids ;

and this is sufficient to show a very considerable amount

of intelligence.

It is not easy to bring these insects into any series

which will show their relative ability, but judging from

the preceding table, the following is a pretty sound

grading of their inteliigence :—

Crass 1. Bombus.

» 2 Hmpis vitripennis, Hristalis pertinax, Syrphus

ribestt.

», 3 Hmpis livida, Melanostoma, Platychirus albi-

manus, P. clypeatus, P. peltatus, Rhingia,

Allantus.

», 4 Remainder, including Andrena albicans.

It remains to point out the bearing of the foregoing

remarks on the use of Diptera and other insect visitors.

I have not found any confirmation of certain theories

which suggest that the actual probing of an insect’s

proboscis, or the friction of its feet have any influence

in determining the growth of hairs, or the flow of sugar

to that particular part of the flower ;+ it is, of course,

probable that the continual draining away of nectar from

a certain spot wili induce a larger supply to come to that

particular position, just as the continual use of a certain

muscle will produce a greater enlargement of it. It is

even probable that such a demand for nectar may be

inherited, but this is not yet proved.

* T have taken specimens of Leucania turca in the New Forest *

with the pollinia of this species attached to their heads.—H. G.

tT The researches of M. Kustenmacher on Galls, Bot. Gaz., xx.,

p. 497, are, so far as hairs are concerned, rather against this view,

which is not, to my knowledge, supported by any direct evidence. -

128 Mr. G. F. Scott-Elliot on Flower-Haunting Diptera.

On the other hand, I am far more certain of the depend-

ence of flowers on insects than I was before. When

such minute forms as Draba verna, Subularia aquatica,

or such “typical wind-fertilised ” species as the Burnet,

Salad Burnet, and Dog’s Mercury, and species of such

genera as Thalictrwm and Plantago are found to be

visited by insects, as I have myself seen in the course of

my work, it leads one to doubt if wind-fertilisation is

ever of much use. A simple mathematical proof shows

that the chances of a piece of pollen from one flower

reaching that of another growing within a foot of it, is

about one to three hundred; but if an insect is on one

flower, for any purpose, the chance that it will go to the

next visible flower is probably ten to one.

It seems to me that these Diptera will probably yield

the most valuable results in investigating the origin of

plant species, for they visit all kinds of flowers, and

possess both colour-sense and intelligence, as I have

tried to show. In fact, it is to them that we probably

owe all the neatly made, small and bright-coloured

forms which are particularly abundant in this country.

It is not possible now to say definitely, that this or that

insect is responsible for such a flower (though I think,

myself, I could say it for certain forms); a genus in

which seven species have been studied by us, and

on which we have found hive bees and bumbles in all

cases except two, would imply a very high botanical

structure. Yet this genus is Hypericum, the flowers of

which are very simple.

Still I think from my own experience, there can be no

possible doubt either that the flower has modified the

habits and structure of the insect, or that the insect

has modified the habit and structure of the flower. Of

the two, it seems to me, as a botanist, that the flower

has been the predominant factor ; but this opinion may

be the result of prejudice.

Notr.—Mr. G. H. Verrall, who has kindly looked through this

paper, says that it is difficult to distinguish Kmpis vitripennis from

about twenty closely allied species, several of which are yet un-

recorded as British ; that Evistalis pertinax has never been clearly

differentiated in print, and that both Syrphus cinctellus and

S. ribesii are very difficult to distinguish from numerous allied

species.— H. G.

VI. Notes on Pupx—Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys,

and Pterophorus. By THomas ALGeRNON CHAPMAN,

M.D., F.E.S.

[Read November 6th, 1895.]

Pirates VI. & VII.

THis communication is in continuation of my previous

Notes on Pupe (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1893-94). It

refers especially to a character of certain pup, that

occurs and appears to show a relationship ina large group

of Tineina, and incidentally it deals with the plume moths,

and some forms that have, or are supposed to have,

affinities with them.

I may, in the first place, correct two errors in my

previous papers ; the most important of these, or at any

rate the one for which I feel I am most to blame, is as

to the free segments in the Limacodide. In the Lima-

codids, not only are segments (abdominal) 3, 4, 5, 6, free,

but also 1 and 2, in the sense in which I now understand

the word, that is, they are not soldered to the wings and

appendages, and appear to be capable of independent

movement on each other. It is extremely probable that

the insect, however, never does so move them, and rarely,

if ever, indeed, moves the others, being packed closely in

and well protected by its cocoon. In explanation of my

error, | may say that these two segments are so closely

applied to the appendages, that when one separates them

by traction in the hving pupa one fears to tear the

delicate pupa to pieces, and suspects that the separation

is made by breaking down actual slight soldering—an

occurrence which I have pointed out takes place very

readily in those pup in which the process of fusion of

the parts is in its early stages, the greater part, that is,

of the lower “ Incomplete” in fact, such as Limacodids,

Nepticulids, Adelids, etc. Then in the empty case all

segments and appendages are so freely separate that this

state of the pupa throws no light on the extent of solder-

ing in the living pupa. ‘The error is only of importance

TRANS. ENT. soc. LOND. 1896.—partir. (june Ist.) 9

130 Dr. T. A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

as showing that the Limacodids must take even a lower

place than I had given them.

The other error was as to the structure of the pupa of

the Nolidx, due to my having only dead or empty pupe.

An examination of living pupz shows that this pupa

possesses only one free seoment, viz., the fifth (abdominal),

and is, therefore, probably in no way directly related to the

Macro-heterocera. I hope to deal with this more fully in

some future communication.

There is a pupal piece I have not hitherto referred to,

having no clear idea as to its relationships, and have

passed over as a portion of the anterior head cover (or

face-piece), which no doubt it is. Nor have I studied it

enough to know its range, except that it occurs chiefly in

low micro forms. It is often a separate piece between

the face-piece proper and the dorsal head-piece ; it does

not divide in the middle line on dehiscence, but remains

in one piece. It is probably the dorsal-plate belonging

to the antennal section of the head, as distinguished

from the face-piece proper, which is the anterior plate

or plates belonging to the mouth parts. Though it has

no bearing on the subject of this paper, I take this

opportunity of calling attention to it.

In my paper, read Feb. 22nd, 1893, I made it suffi-

ciently clear that the section Incomplete included the

more generalised and ancient forms, and that the Obtectz

were more specialised and more modern. By putting

this, however, into a tabular form, I believe I conveyed the

impression that there was some sort of gulf between

them, and what is especially erroneous, though much the

same thing in another form, that the Obtecte were more

closely related to each other than any of them were to

any of the Incomplete, and this misapprehension was

probably favoured by my taking the number of free

abdominal segments as the most typical indication of the

extent to which a pupa belonged to the more generalised

forms. No doubt that is so, but the other directions in

which fusion of parts (the character of Oltect2) has

failed to obtain, is also of importance.

The feature of an Incomplete pupa that is usually most

persistent—that is, appears most frequently in the highest

forms—is the presence of the portion, that I at one

time supposed might be an anterior portion of the pro-

thorax, but which I think there can be no doubt is the

Orneodes, Hpermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 131

dorsal-plate of the head, or of the last segment of the

head, viz., the one to which the eyes belong. This is

present in no true butterfly, but is present in Skippers,

and carries the eye-covers with it on dehiscence ; it is to

be found in a few families of the true Macro-heterocera,

some Geometers, the Thyatiridx, and the Lasiocampide,

suggesting that amongst these we may find the lowest

families of the macros, “and their line of origin from the

micros. Illogical and exploded as the terms macro and

micro may be, I still think their retention useful for the

present, in place of such periphrases as the more special-

ised and more generalised, etc., meaning by macro the

higher Obtectx, and by micro the lower Incompletx#, and

describing intermediate families as possessing such-and-

such macro or micro characters. In this connection I

should like to allude to the extent to which I regard the

Tineina as not bemg a homogeneous superfamily or

family. So far as it is not a mere question of names—i.e.,

what we shall call a family, and what a sub-, and what a

superfamily, what a tribe, and so forth—but a question

of fact, that is, of the amount of divergence between the

several groups, then the pupal structure shows that there

is a divergence between the Gracilaridx (including Litho-

colletes), the Nepticulidx, and the Argyresthidx, which is

much greater than that between, say, any family of

Noctuina and the Notodontide.

That this view is not without foundation is tolerably

evident when we find Prof. Packard, whose authority

on such a matter is of the highest, not merely dividing

one genus of Timex (Micropteryx) mto two families, which

was all I had courage for, but erecting one of them

(Eriocephalide) ito a suborder, and the other as an

equivalent to all the remaining families of Lepidoptera.

Being somewhat emboldened by this advance, and

adopting Prof. Packard’s conclusions on this point, and

reviewing the apparent relationships of the most gene-

ralised forms of Lepidoptera, feeling also that we have

not sufficiently realised the extent of our unacquaintance

with very many forms that are required to bridge over

the divergences that exist between even these earliest

forms,'an ignorance due to our not having met with

them, not having learned their life-history so as to under-

stand their positions, or, and most frequently no doubt,

to their no longer existing, 1 would suggest that there

132 Dr. T. A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

were other families of Palzolepidoptera (Packard)

besides the Micropterygide. Hepialus, and Nepticula, —

and possibly Psyche, being derived from Palo-

lepidoptera, without any intermediate forms that we

now possess, and yet certainly not from the Microptery-

gidx ; and that the lines of evolution diverged from this

low point.

Micropteryx unquestionably led directly to the Adelide,

(Prodowide, Packard) via Incurvaria, and thence to the

great mass of the families of Tineina, including two at

least of the families I have before me in this paper.

There happens to be one character (pupal) which first

appears in the Adelidw, and which may, I think, be

taken as strong evidence that any family possessing it

belongs to this series. This character is a remarkable

narrowing of the prothoracic plate, and a great increase in

the size, especially longitudinally, of the dorsal head

plate (cephalothoracic piece). This conformation gives a

very definite facies to all the forms that possess it to any

decided degree, in consequence of a further fact, that is

always more or less associated with it, though why it

should necessarily be so is not very clear—this is, that

the narrow ribbon of prothorax forms a depressed neck,

and the head swells out in front, sometimes with quite a

globular projection.

This series is especially the Tineid as distinguished

from the Tortricid stirps, beginning with the Adelids and

passing through the Tineidx, with sundry branches,

reaching in Hpermenia the critical pomt in which it

passes from the micro to the macro type. Having

Orneodes as a definite and probably terminal form derived

from this point, but passing on to the higher families

that I have called Pyraloids, a term I desire to restrict to

forms usually classed as Tineina, making the Pyrales a

separate group, but including with them Depressaria and

some other so-called Tineid families.

These Pyraloids include Yponymeuta, Argyresthia,

Plutella, Laverna, Elachista, etc. All these are char-

acterised like the Pyrales, and like the whole lower part

of this stirps by the preservation of the maxillary palpi,

not only in the pupa but alsoin the imago. Coleophora

deserves separate consideration: it is not only equally

high with these in having a generally obtect form of pupa

(five and six only, free in both sexes), but is higher in

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Plerophorus. 133

having Jost the maxillary palpi. It is, however, lower, in

one sense perhaps higher, in having carried the cha-

racteristic peculiarity of the stirps to an extreme point,

viz., the prothoracic plate is dwindled to so narrow a

quantity, that in many species (I cannot, of course,

answer for all) it is quite evanescent in the middle line.

For these and for the following reasons also, I am

inclined to claim for Coleophora that it is derived from

Adelide by a line of descent parallel to (and of course

as long as) that of the Pyraloids, but quite separately

at least from a very low point. [am too ignorant to be

able to say that all intermediate representatives have been

lost, but they have not yet been recognised by me. The

other points of resemblance are especially that the some-

what unusual structure of the last segments of the pupa

of Coleophora is almost identical with that of Lampronia

and some other Adelids, of Bucculatrix and other of the

lower forms. That it is a casebearer like Adelidz is,

of course, not without its significance, though it would

not be difficult to believe this to be an independently

acquired habit. Another important point of resemblance

is in the ovipositing apparatus.

No doubt these are structures given to great variation

and may differ exceedingly in closely related forms, but

when we consider the remarkable specialisation of this

apparatus in Adelids, and that this is practically lost in

the Pyraloids, it seems impossible to believe that almost

precisely the same apparatus would be again elaborated

for a purpose that would be served by a much simpler

structure equally well.

In Micropteryx the dorsal plates of the ninth abdominal

segment form a cutting knife. In Incwrvaria the dorsal

plate of the eighth 1s partially modified for its support. In

all the other Adelidx I have examined, both dorsal plates

are extremely modified (as described by Dr. Wood,

Ent. M. M., vol. 27, p. 175), one as a knife and the other

as a support. In Coleophora the structure is almost pre-

cisely the same, except that the horny knives of the

Adelids, hard, shar p, and polished for cutting plant

tissues, are in Coleophora rounded and furnished with

tactile hairs, and are adapted for searching in inflorescence

and for a nidus for the eggs, but not for cutting.

I may refer parenthetically to Gracilaria and Litho-

colletis, which have advanced to the stage of having the

134 Dr. T. A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

first four abdominal segments fixed, retaining the normal

armature and method of dehiscence of micros; they have

the large head-piece characteristic of this series. They

have also lost the maxillary palpi, so that they are not

in the direct line to the Pyraloids and must be regarded

as occupying a terminal position in that branch of the

series to which they belong—and probably came from

Adelids by way of Tischeria, missing Tinea.

One more immediate object in this paper has reference

to the degree of relationship, or want of it, existing

between Orneodes and Pterophorus. Chrysocorys also

has long been associated with Pterophorus in our list, and

as Orneodes and Chrysocorys both belong to this series

with large head plates, it is necessary to refer to it

thus in some detail. I have associated with them the

genus (family) Hpermenia, as it occupies a somewhat

critical position in the series.

It is remarkable that the pupa with the free seventh

segment of the male has so universally the habit of

emerging from the cocoon. Pterophorus was for a long

time the only exception I knew of. But Hpermenia torms

another. Since it may very naturaily be supposed that I

regard this unusual coincidence as evidence of alliance, I

hasten at once to say that I think it has no such signifi-

cance. The fact is that the habit and the structure

appear to have always been lost together, except in the

case of Pterophorus (and again in Hepialus, which is the

reverse case); and the wonder is that there should not

be more instances than that of Hpermenia, in which we,

as it were, surprise the change actually occurring, and

find that the habit does cease a fractional time before the

structure.

If we suppose Epermenia, which preserves the maxillary

palpus, to lose the freedom of the male seventh segment,

we have in essentials the pupa of these families, which I

group together as Pyraloids, viz., Hlachista, Laverna,

Asychna, Plutella, Argyresthia, Yponymeuta, and some

others. Pyrales differ little from these except in the

much diminished size of the dorsal head-plate and, in the

higher genera, in the appendages not projecting beyond

the fourth abdominalsegment. Still I have not yet qnite

satisfied myself that the Pyrales are really a continuation

of this series.

Orneodes differs from Hpermenia in losing the mobility

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus, 135

of the seventh segment, but it loses also the maxillary

palpus, so that it is not in the direct line of the Pyraloids,

but a lateral branch.

Chrysocorys retains the same formula of free segments

as Tinea, and has retained also the habit of emerging from

the cocoon for dehiscence. It has, moreover, entirely modi-

fied and altered the dorsal armature of the abdominal

segments which most forms that retain that habit pre-

serve, and has in all its stages attained a very modified

and isolated position.

Pterophorus presents as a pupa no point of connection

at all near to any of these others. As to its relation to

Chrysocorys, the pupe of both belong to the forms with

three free segments in the female and four in the male.

This is, however, a very large group, and possesses forms

as far apart as Tortrix, Sesia, Cossus, Tinea, Simethis,

Castnia, etc., and it is quite possible, perhaps even pro-

bable, as I have already suggested, these have more than

one line of origin from lower forms, so that this does not

go very far in showing relationship.

Pterophorus has acquired a habit which no other pupa

in this section possesses, except Hypercallia, if it be a

true Pyraloid—viz., it attaches itself by a cremaster and

has no power of progression, and possesses no maxillary

palpus. Chrysocorys has a small maxillary palpus, and

possesses, in full vigour, the power of emerging from its

cocoon. LHspecially perhaps it has a very decided and

definite cocoon. I have not seen any Pterophorws cocoon

anywhere near it. The most important point of all,

perhaps, is that Chrysocorys has a very narrow pro-

thorax and a fairly large head-piece, and belongs there-

fore to the Tineid stirps; the reverse being the case

in Pterophorus, yet the minute trace of head-piece carries

the eye-cover on dehiscence. As regards its panoply of

hairs, spines, bristles, and other appendages, the different

species of Pterophorus present immense variety, some

being very smooth and plain and with a delicate shell,

others most elaborately clothed with hairs and spines of

various arrangements, but none are at all like Chryso-

corys with its combination of hooked spines, recurved

hairs, and projecting spiracles. Acanthodactylus has some

resemblance to it, but it does not go beyond the

possession of recurved spines on certain segments, not

in detail at all ike those of Chrysocorys.

136 Dr. T, A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

When we come to the larva, Pterophorus again presents

very great variation from a nearly smooth larva to a very

hairy one, and some species possess hairs with expanded

tips essentially the same as those of Chrysocorys ; but

then such hairs, moderately developed, are found in very

many families of Lepidoptera. The relations of the

several tubercles to each other vary a good deal in

Pterophorus, and, as I read Mr. Dyar’s descriptions,

there are one or two species with tubercles disposed as

in Chrysocorys, by one and two (trapezoidals) and four

and five (post ? and subspiracular) being almost united.

When we come to the egg, Pterophorus varies again

here within wide limits, but there is not even a remote

suggestion of the structure found in Chrysocorys.

These differences, whilst placing Chrysocorys nearer

to Pterophorus than, say, Orneodes is, hardly admit of its

being in the same family.

The peculiar cremaster of Plerophorus (an anal and

a forward portion) is paralleled in Elachista, Yponymeuta,

etc., which belong to the same series as Orneodes, but,

though this may suggest that Pterophorus is after all,

in spite of the small head-pieces, derived from this series,

it will leave it as far from Orneodes as ever. Further,

for instance, than Coleophora is from Adela. The great

difficulty in placing Pterophorus anywhere near to

Orneodes (though still at a considerable distance) or even

to Chrysocorys, is the extremely reduced condition of the

dorsal head-plate, so that it seems impossible to derive

it from the Adelid series at all, even if one starts as low

down as Micropteryx to allow for the divergence.

_ Though the true Pyrales preserve (largely) this head-

piece, its reduced size places a difficulty in deriving them

from Pyraloids, though there is obviously a long series

of forms through which the reduction might occur gradu-

ally. The same difficulty faces an attempt to place any

macros in this line, but these difficulties in the case of

the Pyrales and Macros would be slight compared to

attaching to the series so extreme a divergence so low

down, as would be the case with Pterophorus.

Pterophorus might certainly fall under my definition

of a “micro” whose larva is “an exposed feeder,” and

Dyar places it there along with Anthrocera and Limacodes,

and both in structure and habits the larva falls into

that division as readily as into any other; at any rate

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 137

it is almost certainly not a member of the Adelid series,

and if it be, it is certainly at a great distance therein

from Orneodes.

A point to be especially noted is the extreme divergence

between the pupa of Pterophorus and that of Pyrales.

Pyrales have a pupa that is a true macro in dehiscence,

in possessing segments four and seven (abdominal) fixed

in both sexes, and possesses no micro characters except

a dorsal head-piece (a character that goes very high up),

maxillary palpi, and in some families appendages pro-

jecting beyond segment four.

Pterophorus is a true micro in dehiscence, has segment

four free, and seven free in male, the dorsal head-piece

is evanescent, and it has lost the maxillary palpi.

It is impossible for one of these forms to be derived

from the other, and impossible for them to have a com-

mon ancestor higher up in the series than Timea, more

probably that ancestor is much lower.

Orneodes has a pupa of Obtect formula as to free

segments, and the dehiscence is of very nearly the macro

type. Antennz separating from head, and eye-covers

remaining attached to face-piece. It retains one, and only

one, very marked micro character, viz., the possession of

a dorsal head-plate; not only so, but this plate is of

immense size, whilst the prothorax: is correspondingly

reduced. Contrarily the pupa of Pterophorus retains

most of the characters of a micro, the one that it has

almost lost is this head-plate, which is nearly evanescent,

although it retains the function of carrying the eye-cover

on dehiscence.

Both have then been derived from the raicro stirps, as

we know, indeed, that all pupz have been; but the

routes have obviously been divided for so long a period

that it is justifiable to describe them as in nowise related,

less probably than any two families of macros.

I present figures of the eggs of the four genera re-

ferred to in this paper, chiefly on account of the fact that

whilst those of Orneodes, Epermenia, and Pterophorus,

present features that are frequent in many different

families of Lepidoptera, that of Chrysocorys is so unusual.

The ova of Orneodes and Hpermenia belong to the

section with horizontal micropylar axis and rough sculp-

turing, characteristic of the stirps we have been “consider-

ing. Pterophorus has a horizontal egg, but with

138 . Dr. T. A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

sufficiently smooth surface to give some support to the

idea that it belongs to the Zygzenid stirps; whilst

Chrysocorys has a vertical micropylar axis, throwing

doubt on the position in which I have placed it. But the

whole question of oval forms is too large to treat incident-

ally in this place.

I also present figures of the pupa of each genus, and

also of their dehiscence, and of the remarkable hairs of

the tubercles of Chrysocorys larva (omitted from plates).

In regard to the names, it appears that Chawliodus has

to drop, but whether Hpermenia or Calotripis is to take

its place, Ido not yet know. Nor am [ at all satisfied

that Chrysocorys festaliella ought not to be called

Schreckensteinia scissella, but I am not trained in that

line of research that would enable me to settle this

matter.

A few details as to each family is appended.

Orneopes.—The egg laid in the flower-heads of honey-

suckle is about 48 mm. long and *28 mm. wide, somewhat

cylindrical and truncate, or like a short thick brick with

the angles and corners rounded off; the surface is sculp-

tured with irregular raised lines and pits.

The young larva has dorsal tubercles arranged trapezoi-

dally, one supraspiracular, two subspiracular, and two

marginal, these persist during the life of the caterpillar ;

the skin is rough, with minute sharp spicules similar to

those in Epermenia daucellus, and many other larvee.

The pupa is brown, and noctua-like in general form and

texture. It has only five and six (abdominal) segments

free, and has the projecting knob-like head that occurs

in most of the forms belonging to the series with a narrow

depressed prothorax and a large dorsal head-piece.

The size of this dorsal head-plate in this pupa reaches

the extreme that I have observed, and is, indeed, very

remarkable. There are no labial or exposed maxillary

palpi, and the dehiscence is quite macro in character, the

antenne: separating from the face head parts, which

remain attached to the eye-covers ; the lower parts of the

appendage covers remain in situ, and are only separated

at the head. ‘There is a femur case shown, and the second

leg reaches the head. ‘The maxilla and first leg fall

short, and expose a portion of the third leg, between and

beyond the second. The appendages project ese over

the fifth and sixth segments.

Orneodes, Hpermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 139

The anal armature consists of ten or twelve fine

spines, little more than hairs, curved and crossing one

another in lyre shape, and having a fine recurved flattened

extremity. ‘There is also a small bristle above and below

each (exposed) abdominal spiracle.

EperMENIA.—The eggs are ovoid, but rather long and

narrow, being fully twice as long as broad, and rather

narrower at one end; the surface sculpture is a raised

network, somewhat irregular, but tending to be hexa-

gonal, with the cells lengthened in the line of the long

diameter of the egg. Many are often laid on the same

leaf; but each ege appears to be laid solitarily, and it

appears to be, when laid, very soft, as it takes the impress

of the hairs of the leaf amongst which it is laid, and

adheres to them very firmly.

The larva has two dorsal (trapezoidal) tubercles, a

supraspiracular and a double subspiracular tubercle, one

marginal, and three ventral (on legless segments). The

tubercular plates are very large, and that of the supra-

spiracular in some degree surrounds the spiracle. ‘There

is a minute tubercle at the anterior margin of the seg-

ment in line with the posterior trapezoidal. ‘The

general surface is closely studded with sharp deflexed

points, as Orneodes. The larva can hardly be called a

miner, but tends to burrow something after the manner

of the Procride. This is very marked in H. daucellus, very

slightly so in HM. chewrophyllellus. The resemblance to

Simexthis appears to be entirely superficial. The pro-

legs have sixteen hooks set in a circle, but more crowded

along the inner margin ; the anal pair have eleven or

twelve hooks.

In pale brown colour and general outline the pupa

resembles that of a noctua ; the species I have examined,

H. daucellus and H. cheerophyllellus, are very much alike.

They have the first four abdominal segments fixed, the

next two free, and the seventh also, in the male; the

appendage cases project across the fifth as far as the

sixth segment, the incision between the fourth and fifth

segments is sloping, the fourth segment being narrowed

and the fifth widened dorsally, ventrally the reverse.

The large dorsal head-piece and narrow prothorax are

almost identical with those of Orneodes. The abdominal

spiracles are on slight mammillz, in very Pyrale manner.

‘here are twelve slender, very curved, hooked hairs as

140 Dr, 'T, A, Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

an anal armature, seated on the last (nine and ten) seg-

ment, which has a bulbous base, a pen-like form and two

deep hollows, one on either side. The maxilla show

between them a narrow opening with the labial palpi,

traces of femur between maxilla and first leg, the second

lee does not reach the head, the third leg is visible

between lower end of antenna, the second legs falling

short by about one-seventh of the length of the appen-

dages, and the maxilla and first legs by about another

one-seventh ; there is a smal! maxillary palpus.

The dehiscence is by splitting down dorsally to, but

not through, the metathorax; the mesothorax separates

half-way down the wings from the metathorax; the

antennz separate from the head and for a quarter of this

length from the wings, but adhere to the second legs, first

legs, and max. palpi, the face and maxilla separate from

the antennz and legs, retaining the eye-covers and

adhering by the maxillary extremities to the rest of the

case.

Curysocorys.—lI obtained larve, and bred them thirty

or more years ago, and was under the impression that they

could be had anywhere or at any time. It disappointed

me a good deal not to be able to get them during several

recent years that I have desired to study them afresh. I

was, therefore, very pleased last March to capture a

female moth, which very obligingly laid a number of

egos. These were laid singly, on either side, on the

margins, or petioles, of the young leaves of the bramble-

shoots, with which I had placed the moth for this

purpose.

The egg is urceolate in shape, about 0°5 min. high

and 0°26 broad, rather narrower upwards, and having a

hemispherical or flattened base, very much according to

the situation in which it is laid, the rounded being the

primary form ; but when laid the egg is soft enough to

take something of the form of the surface it is laid on,

and sometimes has a regular flat base of the whole width

of the egg. The upper end is flat, with a well-defined

margin, from which arises a structure quite new to me

in lepidopterous eggs. There is often, in lepidopterous

eggs, a rim or ridge, or break in the smoothness of the

surface at this point. The ege of Choreutes is, perhaps,

as good an example of this as any. In Chrysocorys this

rim carries fourteen transparent spines with bifid tips,

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 141

forming a crown-like circle, and reminding one, in some

degree, of the similar processes in the ova of some Hemi-

ptera. The flat surface within these is marked by

radiating impressions, proceeding from a smail central

micropylar rosette. The outer surface of the egg is

covered with rather deep, irregular depressions, sepa-

rated by rounded ridges, which, though irregular, have

a distinct tendency to be hexagonal, with the longer axes

of the spaces parallel with that of the egg. To escape,

the young larva eats out the flat top within the coronet,

and leaves the egg apparently little damaged. The newly-

hatched larva is a white or colourless little atom. It is

possible, however, to observe that the posterior dorsal

tubercle carries a long smooth hair, directed rather back-

wards, the tubercle being raised round the base of the

hair into a high conical projection, and the hair itself

being longer than the diameter of the larva; the anterior

trapezoidal is a much smaller hair, rising in a smaller

tubercle, situated in the front base of the cone of the

posterior; the supraspiracular is an equally small hair

in a moderately-developed tubercle; the subspiracular

tubercles are a reproduction of the trapezoidal, a large

posterior hair on a high cone, and a smaller one in front,

one directed backwards and the other forwards. I have

not clearly defined the prolegs; the anterior and posterior

hairs are much longer.

As the larva grows, the subspiracular hairs retain their

simple character, but assume the appearance of the tines

of a pitchfork on a common raised protuberance; the

dorsal hairs, however, acquire a very special character.

They continue to be a larger posterior sloping backwards,

and a shorter anterior lying forwards, their bases are

almost conjoined, and rise into a distinct peduncle. The

hairs terminate in a sharp point, but on the upper aspect,

near the apex, have a lancet-shaped transparent flange ;

and through the peduncle and down the hair is what

looks like an inner tube, arising from the internal tissues

of the larva, and terminating between the flange and

apex of the hair. here is sometimes fluid at apex of

hair provided through this tube. The surface of the

hairs is finely waved or granulated. The spiracles are

at the apex of a large brown chitinous mammilla. ‘The

ventral prolegs have a short conical pedicel, a rounded

boss at apex, carrying six hooks regularly disposed around

142 Dr. T. A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

it. The anal prolegs have nine hooks disposed in a

curved line that is less than a semicircle, the hooks are

larger and stronger than the ventral ones. ‘The true legs

appear to have four joints before the claw, which is

accompanied by a transparent, battledore palpus; the

antenna is threg-jointed, the second joint carrying a long

hair and a fleshy tubercle, the third carries two terminal

bodies.

These larvee were full-grown by the middle of May ;

they lived on the upper side of the bramble leaf, spinning

no silk except a very slight web. When about to moult,

and when travelling from leaf to leaf, they are very

sluggish in their movements, yet fond of moving occa-

sionally to a fresh leaf; when at rest the head is rather

hidden by being withdrawn into the second segment.

They are of a glassy transparency, and match the colour

of the bramble leaf very closely, so as to be difficult to

see. In moulting, the slit appears to be dorsal, and

the empty skin remains stretched out at length, with the

head bent under the first segment. The cast skin makes

a good preparation of the hairs.

The cocoon is a very remarkable structure, and I

regret not having seen how it was made. It is attached

by one margin, naturally probably to the bramble stem

near the root, and consists of a network of stiff gum-

like strands of silk, one set of these being in continuous

lines, like the mortar between consecutive courses of

brickwork, the other uniting these alternately like the

vertical lines of mortar between the bricks in each course,

the bricks being represented by the openings, which are,

however, square rather than oblong; the primary strands

are sometimes, as it were, in one set, from the four sets

in which they appear to be constructed being accurately

worked together; in other cases the four sets are more

or less distinct, they would be separated by slicing the

cocoon longitudinally and transversely down on to its

attached margin. When each side is accurately con-

structed the courses arch upwards from either end of

the line of attachment meeting in the line of transverse

division suggested. There is a valvular longitudinal

opening at either end, through one of which the larval

skin is ejected, through the other the pupa emerges for

the exclusion of the moth.

The pupa lies free in this cocoon with little spare

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 143

space longitudinally, though rather free latitudinally.

I ought to say that flimsy as the cocoon looks, it is

really very hard, firm, and elastic.

The pupa is green with sundry markings, and these

appear to increase with the age of the pupa, till it be-

comes very dark, I fear I ill-treated my pup, as only

one emerged, and the rest have, I think, died and dried

up. I imagined they would all come out very soon, with

a view toasecond brood; I now think that this is the

rare exception, and that the pupz lie over the remainder

of the summer, and possibly the winter, though it is

perhaps more likely that the insect hibernates as a moth.

The pupa has a rather prominent globular head, a

distinct waist (dorsally), the abdominal segments gradu-

ally tapering and arching forward. The free segments are

4, 5, 6, ?, and 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, the wing and leg-covers ex-

tending over the fourth and part of the fifth segments.

The abdominal spiracles are each in a lofty brown cone,

very similar to that of the larva, and on either side,

somewhat dorsally, is on 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and less

markedly on 3, a hook or spine, dark in colour, curved

backwards, and ending in a sharp point—behind and

outside these is a fine hair with recurved curled tips,

and a similar hair is placed above and another below the

spiracle ; about ten similar and longer hairs form the anal

armature. ‘The spiracles have an unusually dorsal posi-

tion, and there is along interval between the subspiracular

hair and two ventral ones. Six similar smaller hairs are

on the face and head, and the mesothorax possesses two

pairs. There is a minute point which appears to be the

maxillary palpus, and is carried in dehiscence at the

extremity of the first leg-piece. The maxille are

separated to show the labial palpi broadly, and a portion

of femur shows between the maxilla and first leg. The

antennee and second legs extend to end of wing cases,

the tips of third legs beyond, the maxilla falls a little

short, and the first legs reach little more than half way.

The first legs touch the antennz and exclude the second

from the head. The prothorax is reduced to a very

narrow strip and the dorsal head-piece is very large.

The formula of abdominal free segments is the same

as that of a very large number of the Incompletz,

Tortrices, Psychids, Sesiids, true Tineids, Cossids, etc.,

so that this does not go far in showing an alliance with

144. Dr. ‘l’. A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

Pterophori whose formula is the same. More important

as showing a separation is the fact that it preserves the

habit of emerging from its cocoon before the exclusion

of the moth; Pterophorus being fixed by a cremaster

and usually making no cocoon. The great development

of the dorsal head-piece is another very distinctive

character; the dehiscence also is very different.

The cocoon of the American Penthetria parvula is

extremely similar, but more regular and elaborate. Its

pupa retains a very simple tineoid character, so that

there is no doubt a considerable gap between these two

forms, but there can be little doubt that the cocoon

structure has a common ancestry and is not an inde-

pendent invention.

PrerorpHorus.—The ovum is of oval section in every

direction, a form that may most easily be described as

that of an ordinary bird’s egg, if laid on its side and

then flattened. The different species I have examined

vary in their size and in the proportion of their different

diameters, but all have this general form: they are

smooth, bright, and polished, and have faint markings

of a network tending to a hexagonal mesh.

In some cases the narrowing towards the small end

is not so evident, and in others (bipunctidactylus) the

egg might almost be called cylindrical, so that there is

considerable variation within definite limits which may,

of course, be exceeded in species whose eges I have not

seen, but I have seen no suggestion of such a form as

occurs in Chrysocorys.

The larva of most of our Pterophori are well known,

and I don’t know of one whose characters are at all lke

those of Chrysocorys—either as to the retention in all

stages of the same arrangement of hairs and tubercles,

or in having at any stage precisely the same arrange-+

ment as in Chrysocorys.

The pupa of Pterophorus is highly specialised, yet

retains several of the most definite characters of the

Incomplete. Only the three first abdominal segments

are fixed, the next three (and four in ¢) are free, the

antennz and maxilla adhere to the head-piece and

separate from the other parts on dehiscence, the eye-

covers going with the dorsal head-piece. It possesses

a very special and elaborate set of terminal hooks, by

which it fixes itself to a pad of silk, these are supple-

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 145

mented by a separate little group on the ventral surface

of the ninth abdominal segment. The surface of the

pupa may.be very simple and smooth, and its texture

delicate as in Tinea. It may be covered with a most

confusing panoply of hairs as in A. spilodactyla, or have

various elaborate hooks and processes as in A. acantho-

dactyla. In this case one is reminded, in some degree,

of the hooks of C. festaliella, but in A. acanthodactyla,

these hooks are recurved, in O. festaliella they are directed

simply backwards. Apart from its thorough - going

retention of micro characters, it is separated net only

from Orneodes, but from Chrysocorys also, by the extreme

reduction of the dorsal head-piece. So reduced is this,

that its presence would be doubted in some species,

but that it carries with it the eye-covers as in typical

micro dehiscence.

As a summary of the facts and deductions herewith

presented, I may recapitulate :—

A correction as to free segments of Limacodide.

A correction as to Nolidx not being “ macros.”

A suggestion that sundry families of Paleolepidoptera

may be postulated as having once existed.

That @ series (from below upwards) of families origi-

nated in Micropteryx, or at any rate in Adelids,

characterised by a very narrow prothoracic, and a very

large head-plate in the pupa.

That Hpermenia and Orneodes are typical members of

this series, and probably also Chrysocorys.

That Pterophorus is not a member of this series, or, if

it is, originated very early in it, and reached its

present position by an undiscovered route.

That Coleophora belongs to this series, and was derived

from Adelids by a separate route from Tinea, Eper-

menia, etc.

That the Pyraloids (including most Tineina with Obtect

pupee) form a higher part of this series.

Whether these proceed onward to Pyrales (and

Geometers) is not fully discussed, and left doubtful.

TRANS. ENT, SOC. LOND. 1896.—PART II. (JUNE.) 10

146

ices 1,

10.

Ine

12.

13.

Dr, TI. A. Chapman’s notes on

ExpLaNaTION oF Pirates VI. anv VII.

PLATE VI.

Ovum of Orneodes hexadactyla X 40 diam., amongst glands

of honeysuckles.

Ovum of LEpermenia cherophylellus amongst hairs of

feracleum.

. The same, isolated.

Ovum of Chrysocorys festaliella *% 50 diam.

. Another view of summit of egg.

. One of the spines of coronet.

Ovum of Pterophorus (Mimeseoptilus) pheodactylus.

The network of cells is obscure and not at all a raised

pattern as the figure rather suggests.

Pupa of Chrysocorys festaliella, ventral aspect.

Lateral view of segments 4 and 5 abdominal (8 and 9),

showing hairs and the very dorsal position of the raised

spiracles.

Anal armature of Chrysocorys pupa, lateral view.

Diagram of dehiscence of Chrysocorys festaliella. Shows

the large head-piece attached to eye-piece (which

adheres to first leg in specimen sketched) and the narrow

prothoracic piece, antennee attached to head, micro

dehiscence,

Diagram of dehiscence of Pterophorus, showing very

narrow head-piece, attached to eye-piece, large protho-

racic piece, antenne attached to head as in most typical

“micro ’ dehiscence. 1, 2, drefer to segments, e = eye;

a, = antenna; J, = leg; m, = maxilla.

Ventral view of pupa of Pterophorus (Aciptilia) spilodac-

tylus. The hairs are rather too diagrammatic.

Lateral view of female pupa.

Fe * male pupa.

One segment of pupa. This is not as accurate as is

desirable, but serves to show the very different struc-

ture to the other pup figured.

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 147

Gale

Son

Je}

10.

PEATE VE

Pupa of Epermenia cherophylellus, ventral aspect, shows

minute maxillary palpus.

” ” ” », lateral aspect.

” ” ” », dorsal aspect

These show the neck-like character of the prothorax,

which is also seen in

Enlarged view of front, seen laterally, a little too

diagrammatic.

Lateral view of anal armature.

Diagram of dehiscence of Epermenia, antenne separate

from head, and remain attached to legs and wings,

narrow prothorax, minute maxillary palpi, eve-piece

remains with face-piece, macro dehiscence.

Pupa of Orneodes hexadactyla, ventral aspect, very simiJar

to Epermenia, except in loss of maxillary palpi and in

anal armature. The loss of mobility in segment 7,

abdominal in ¢, cannot be shown in these figures.

” ” ” "5 lateral view,

” ” 5 3 dorsal view.

Diagram of dehiscence of Orneodes, showing immense size

of head-piece, which is free from eye-piece, the latter

remaining attached to face-piece. Antenne free from

head, and attached to legs and wings; very narrow

prothorax, macro dehiscence.

Cocoon of Chrysocorys festaliella,

Portion of network of same.

( 149.)

VII. Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera

from South Africa, chiefly from Zambezia. By

Louis Piérincuey, F.E.S.

[Read March 4th, 1896.]

Family PAUSSIDA.

Gen. Paussus, Linn,

P. arduus, n. sp.

Red, shining ; head with a long conical tubercle on the vertex,

anterior part dehiscent, hairless and slightly punctured in the

posterior part ; club of antennz short, thick, convex on both sides,

broader than the head, carinate all round, depressed at the base,

with the outer angle produced in a long, sharp, slightly recurving

spine, upper posterior margin without any longitudinal im-

pressions ; prothorax smooth, longer than broad, with a deep trans-

verse impression reaching from side to side and having a yellow

pubescent patch at each end, the anterior and posterior part of the

disk equally broad, the anterior a little more raised than the pos-

terior, the sides nearly parallel ; elytra elongate, sub-parallel, smooth

and very closely punctured, the punctures in the anterior part being

deeper and broader than those behind; pygidium very closely and

deeply punctured ; femora not clavate ; tibie slender, not dilated

at the tip. Length 8, width 2} mm.

Belongs to the same group as P. spinicowis, P. thomsont,

etc. The shape of the club is nearly the same as in the

last mentioned species, but much more convex on each

side ; the prothorax resembles that of P. spinicowis, but

is less attenuate laterally in the anterior part.

Hab. Zambezia (Manica).

P. manicanus, n. sp.

Reddish-brown, shining ; head much depressed, nearly smooth

and hairless ; club of antenne twice as long as the head and neck,

nearly oblong, a little narrower at the apex and base than in the

middle, compressed but thicker in the median part, bluntly

carinate all round and with the posterior angle produced in a

sharp moderately recurved spine ; prothorax nearly cordiform, but

TRANS. ENT. Soc. LOND. 1896.—PaRT Ul. (JUNE.)

150 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

very deeply sinuate laterally in the middle, and with an arcuate

transverse median narrow and shallow impression ; the anterior

part of the disk is hardly more raised than the posterior, and

slightly aculeate in the posterior angle above the constriction,

when there is also a very small, pubescent, yellow tuft ; elytra

parallel, deeply and closely punctured, each puncture bearing a

short seta; pygidium punctulate and setulose ; femora a little

swollen, tibiz slender. Length 9, width 2} mm.

Hab. “Zambezia (Salisbury).

The nearest ally of P. manicanus is P. planicollis, Raftr.,

from Abyssinia. The shape of the prothorax is identical ;

the head is equally depressed, but has no trace of a minute

conical tubercle at the extreme apex; the antennal club is

of a shape similar to that of the ¢ of P. planicollis, but

not so long, and therefore a little broader in proportion.

P. raffrayi, n. sp.

Piceous-black, with the apical part of the elytra and the tarsi

reddish-brown ; head rugulose, with the anterior part deeply im-

pressed in the centre and the walls of the impression raised in two

short tuberculiform processes, posterior part bi-impressed ; club of

the antennz sub-ensiform, very long, compressed, external margin

with a moderately wide groove reaching from the base to near the

apex, both margins of the groove very faintly notched ; prothorax

bi-partite, the anterior part raised, smooth, the median transverse

cavity wide and deep, and having two pubescent yellow patches in

the centre, posterior part depressed and with three tuberculated

indentations ; elytra elongate, sub-parallel, shining, moderately

punctured, each puncture with a very short greyish hair ; femora

not thickened ; anterior and intermediate tibiz slender, posterior

tibiz broadly dilated and flat. Length 5, width 1} mm.

Hab. Natal (Irere).

The shape of the club of the antenne is not’ unlike

that of P. germari; it is however longer, more curved

outwardly, and not attenuate at the tip.

P. concinnus, n. sp.

Head, prothorax and legs brick-red ; elytra black, edged with

red at the base and apex ; head and prothorax glabrous, the former

edged in front on the vertex with a high semicircular ridge, which

Coleoptera from South Africa. 151

is broadly emarginate in the middle and reaches from eye to eye,

posterior part raised above the neck into a ridge higher than the

anterior one, and with a median and two lateral sinuations ; median

part of the head plane, and with a broad depression above each

eye partly edged by a very narrow groove which extends also along

the posterior raised part; club of the antennze long, broad, com-

pressed, as long as the base of the prothorax, slightly curving in the

inner edge, which is distinctly marginate and has besides a distinct

raised line running parallel to it, outer margin broadly grooved from

base to apex, and having seven round alveole as well as six obtuse

serrations on the upper edge, the intervals of which bear each a very

short yellowish seta, outer basal angle of the club long and sharp ;

prothorax bi-partite, the anterior part much raised, short, abruptly

truncate, deeply incised in the centre and on each side, and witha

deep transverse impression ; the posterior part is narrower than the

anterior, and has the shape of a truncate cone, broadly scooped out,

in the anterior median part, with each side of the incision produced

in a sharp, short tubercle; elytra closely set with very short

greyish hairs, but very indistinctly punctured ; femora not clavate,

tibize straight, not thickened. Length 6, width 23 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

The shape of the antennal club is that of Plewropterus

alternans in general outline, the impressions on the upper

side imitating somewhat the articulations of the antenne ;

the scooped out space of the posterior margin is not

unlike that of P. klugi, but the serration of the edges of

the margin, as well as the impressions on the upper part,

are very different.

P. viator., n. sp.

Piceous-black, with the antenne and legs very dark red ; head

rugulose and having on the middle of the vertex three short im-

pressions, the median one of which is the deepest and is bounded

by two short ridges ; penultimate joint of antenne thick, the club

short, massive, the inner margin sharp, a little sinuate at the tip,

the outer one very broadly and deeply scooped out, with the basal

angle moderately long and sharp, the cavity of the outer margin

containing six distinct alveolz and the two edges slightly serrulate ;

prothorax bi-partite, with the anterior part very narrow and in the

shape of a ridge with a median groove, the median excavation very

deep, and the lateral part not deeply excised, and with a short blunt

tubercle on each side and two tubercles in the middle ; elytra short,

152 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

sub-parallel, smooth ; femora and tibie thick, flattened, posterior

tibiz very broadly dilated. Length 5, width 2 mm.

Hab. Natal (Frere).

Belongs to the group of P. ruber, P. cucullatus, etc. The

club of the antennze is not so broadly scooped out in the

outer margin as in P. cucullatus, nor is it so much curved

outwardiy ; the upper part is not impressed between the

inner and posterior margins, and the former is nearly

straight, not curved, nor is the space between the

two margins as broad as in either of the above-named

species.

P. barkert, n. sp.

Reddish-brown, with very short pubescence all over ; head with

two median carine aculeate in front and overlapping the point

of insertion of antenne, these two ridges slightly diverging from

the middle of the vertex and having a narrow groove between,

ceasing abruptly above the neck, which is very short and not con-

stricted ; penultimate joint of antenne quadrate, very thick, club

moderately long, not compressed, deeply sinuate in the inner part

which, like the rounded apical part, is acutely marginate, outer

part also sinuate and having on the margin four very distinct teeth

bearing several very short set, while the apical angle is developed

into a long, broad, blunt spur, the inner part of which curves so as

to form a short tooth corresponding to a similar tooth situated on

the opposite part of the base of the club ; the joints of the antennze

are covered with closely set, very short, squamiform hairs; pro-

thorax bi-partite, the anterior part in the shape of a ridge slightly

grooved in the centre, posterior part as broad as the anterior, with

a broad median depression nearly reaching the base, two pubescent

patches on the transverse impression ; elytra sub-parallel, covered

with very short, closely set hairs, apparently thicker than those on

the prothorax, and without punctures ; pygidium thickly pubescent

and with a fringe of long, thickly set, yellowish hairs ; anterior

and intermediate femora and tibie slender, posterior femora and

tibize dilated and compressed. Length 9, width 3} mm.

Hab. Natal (Durban).

No known ally ; the nearest approach to the shape of

the antenual club is in P. bicolor, Raffr., from the Andaman

Islands, but the incised portion at the inner part of the

base is absent in that species.

Coleoptera from South Africa. 153

P. marshalli, n. sp.

Reddish-brown, shining, elytra thickly pubescent ; vertex of the

head nearly plane, posterior part ridged above the neck, and along

the outer sides ; penultimate joint of antenne quadrate, nearly as

large as the head, club broad, massive, inner margin carinate, with

a short, round basal spur not projecting much, outer margin broadly

hollowed with the edges bi-sinuate, acute at the apical part of the

hollow, and bearing on each side a dense tuft of long, yellowish

hairs, basal outer spur very broad and sub-quadrate ; prothorax

bi-partite, the anterior part compressed in a sharp ridge, slightly

emarginate in the centre and sub-aculeate laterally, the posterior

part hollowed anteriorly, and with a triangular longitudinal groove,

and the outer sides produced ina carina sinuate in the middle, sharp

in the anterior part, and with the posterior part forming a long

tooth standing at an angle with the base, both the points of the

lateral carina having a distinct tuft of hairs; elytra short, sub-

parallel ; pygidium with short pubescence and having in the middle

three transverse rows of long and very thick bristles ; legs slender,

anterior femora not thickened. Length 54, width 25 mm.

Hab. Natal (Frere).

This species belongs to the group of P. laticollis,

P. penicillutus, and P. rugosus, Raffr., from Abyssinia,

and are distinguished by having thick stiff bristles on the

pygidium, as well as tufts of hairs on the apical part of

the edges of the hollowed outer margins of the antenne.

‘lhe nearest aily of P. marshalli is P. penicillatus, but in

the antennal club of the former there is no longitudinal

impression whatever on the upper part along the inner

margin, nor is the scooped-out space distinctly impressed,

and the inner edge of the hollow is very deeply sinuate.

Family SCARABAIIDA.

COPRIDES.

Gen. Hexiocorris, Hope.

H. selousi, n. sp.

Black, moderately shining ; head plicate transversely ; prothorax

very rugose, sub-opaque ; elytra with four small tubercles at the

base of the intervals. In the g¢ the head bears a short, compressed

horn, truncate at the tip or slightly sinuate, placed in the posterior

part of the clypeus ; median part of the head with a small ridge

154 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

reaching from the anterior horn to the base ; protherax truncate

in front, with a very deep, but not broad, lateral excavation, the

anterior part carinate, strongly sinuate laterally above the exca-

vation, and with the median part produced into a horizontal, very

long, compressed process with a perpendicular conspicuous tooth

underneath ; this horizontal process extends as far as the clypeal

horn, which it overhangs. In the ? the head has a short, trans-

verse occipital carina, the prothorax is not so much raised, is deeply

sinuate in front, depressed, but not excavated, and the median

part is produced into a projecting carina, overhanging a little the

apex, and sodeeply emarginate in the middle as to be almost bifid.

Length 32-37, width 20-21 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Manica, Mazoe).

Its nearest ally is H. neptunus, Bohem. The sculp-

ture of the head and prothorax is alike, the tubercles at

the base of the elytra are also similar, but the horn of

the clypeus is very much shorter, and the elongated

horizontal process of the prothorax is very different.

Gen. Onitis, Fabr.

O. zambezianus, n. sp.

Reddish-brown, with the elytra opaque; head finely plicate

transversely on the clypeus, granulate behind, clypeus elongate in

the anterior part, moreso in the ¢? than in the ¢, without any

clypeal carina, but with the frontal one sharp and very much raised,

vertex almost bi-impressed, posterior edge very distinctly raised ;

prothorax moderately convex, broad, carinate in the anterior and

lateral parts, closely punctured from the base to about three-fourths

of the length, posterior part nearly impunctate; elytra elongate,

convex along the sutural part towards the middle, very finely

striate, with the intervals plane and smooth ; underside piceous-

brown, metasternum closely punctured and densely hairy, abdo-

men nearly smooth, but with a few lateral setigerous punctures ;

anterior femora of the g¢ thick, grooved underneath, and with an

acute ridge, bearing a sharp tooth in the middle of the groove and

a smaller apical one in the anterior part of the apex; tibiz long,

straight, moderately thick, multi-denticulate inwardly, having a

double ridge on the upper part, strongly quadri-dentate externally,

and with the inner apical tooth very long and incurved ; inter-

mediate femora deeply incised at the apex, carrying a sharp

median posterior carina, developing into a sharp tooth, apical part

Coleoptera from South Africa. 159

also toothed, but with the tooth smaller than the one of the carina,

tibia narrow at the base and almost suddenly enlarged in an

elongate quadrate laminated process inwardly ; posterior femora

with a small, serrate carina, tibie slightly incurved, not dilated

inwardly. Length 24-26, width 14 mm.

Hab. ZGambezia (Manica).

Belongs to the group of O. curvipes, Lansb.; the

clypeus is less aculeate in the male, and the general

facies is a little less convex. As in O. cwrvipes the inter- .

mediate tibize of the ¢ have an inner lamina, but diffe-

rently shaped, and the disposition of the teeth on the

anterior and posterior femora is very different.

O. dispar, n. sp.

Dark metallic-green, moderately shining, but more opaque on

the elytra ; head with the clypeus rounded in the ¢@, a little more

aculeate in the ¢, finely plicate in front, rugose behind, with a

short clypeal ridge and a frontal one moderately raised, vertex a

little hollowed, and with the posterior part carinate and the

median part much raised in both sexes; prothorax moderately

convex, closely punctured from apex to base; elytra elongate,

hardly convex, feebly striate, with the intervals faintly punctured ;

metasternum and femora closely punctured. In the ¢ the anterior

femora are thick, with a-very small median carina, and are with-

out teeth, the tibie are straight, carinate in the middle, faintly

serrate inwardly, quadri-dentate outwardly, with the inner tooth

short and with a long fascicle of hairs underneath, intermediate

and posterior femora with an acute posterior lamina, but neither

dentate nor serrate, intermediate tibiz normal, posterior ones com-

pressed and with a long terminal spur on each side, the inner one

spiniform, the other one thicker, but both curving slightly inward.

Length 24, width 13-14 mm.

Hab. Gambezia.

Allied to O. robustus, Boh., and O. orthoptus, Lansb.,

but differentiated from both by the shape of the terminal

part of the hind tibie.

Gen. OnrHorsacus, Latreille.

O. mashunus, 1. sp.

Black, with a slight bronze sheen, more distinct on the

prothorax ; antenne flavescent; clypeus a little elongate in the

median part; head with a transverse median carina ; head and

is 2h bs

156 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

prothorax covered with densely set granules, the prothorax broad, as

long as the elytra, with very short pubescence and with the outer

margins serrulate ; elytra finely striate, with the intervals broad

and finely granulate ; underside black. In the ¢ the vertex of the

head is armed with two long incurved horns, compressed and

truncate at the tip, and the basal space between the horns is

developed in a compressed spine, much shorter than the horns, and

incised at the tip, and the prothorax has a deep median excavation

in the centre, surmounted at the apex by a thick compressed rugose

spine, incised at tip, rugose and directed forward ; in the @ the

hind margin of the head is produced in a trituberculate ridge, the

anterior part of the prothorax is more declivous, with no excavation,

and the anterior part is surmounted by a narrow, but high ridge,

deeply sinuate in the middle. Length 12-14, width 7-9 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

This species is allied to O. pyramidalis, Klug; in

shape the cephalic horns of the ¢ are much thinner,

more compressed, and spread more outwardly, somewhat

in the manner of those of O. rangifer, Klug, but the

median compressed spine is absent in O. pyramidalis, the

thoracic spine is less compressed, and shorter than in the

last-named species, and ends differently.

O. ponderosus, n. sp.

Bronze-black, a little lighter in colour on the prothorax ; palpi

and antenne yellow ; clypeus a little elongate in the middle,

closely plicate transversely, and having in the middle a transverse

raised line, while the hind margin is produced in a high transverse

ridge, sinuate in the ¢ in sucha way as to give it the appearance

of bearing five short blunt tubercles; prothorax broad, very

deeply sinuate laterally behind, covered with short granules in

front, and punctures behind, abruptly truncate in front and with a

moderately deep median excavation, the anterior part produced

in a transverse ridge, reaching almost from side to side, the

median part of which is more raised and slightly sinuate ; elytra

striate, intervals very finely shagreened and very closely, although

not deeply punctured ; underside piceous. The @ differs from

the ¢ in having the occipital ridge, as well as the thoracic lamina,

less raised, and the anterior part of the prothorax hardly excavate.

Length 19-23, width 11-14 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salisbury, Manica).

In general facies as robust as O. giganteus, Har.,

from Madagascar.

Coleoptera from South Africa. 157

O. insignis, 1. sp.

Headand prothorax bright metallic-green, palpi, antenne, and

tarsi flavescent, elytra teddish-yellow, underside dark grey, legs

black; clypeus a little elongated in front; head broadly and

closely punctured, with a median transverse raised line in both

sexes, @ with a very long horn, straight for three-fourths of

the length, and slightly curved backward towards the tip, 2 with

a straight transverse carina; prothorax very closely and deeply

punctured, glabrous—in the ¢ deeply excavated in the median part

from the apex to a little short of the base, dehiscent in the

anterior part, and with the sides of the excavation raised in the

median part in two broad triangular and conspicuous tubercles—

in the 2 there is no median longitudinal excavation, the anterior

part isa little more declivous, and in the anterior part there is a

transverse ridge not broader than the occipital one ; elytra finely

striate, with the intervals glabrors and closely, although not

deeply punctured. Length 9, width 5 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salsbury).

O. gemmeus, n. sp.

Head and prothorax bright metallic-green, with short pubescence;

elytra flavous, with the suture black, and a broad band of the same

colour, extending from near the humeral angle to the suture, which

it joinsat a short distance from the apex ; head broadly and closely

punctured, with a distinct transverse ridge, and behind it, a highly

raised slightly shorter lamina ; prothorax very finely granulated in

the anterior part, closely punctured behind, declivous anteriorly,

bi-tuberculate above the declivity, the tubercles blunt and slightly

diverging, impressed longitudinally from the median part to the

base, the impression with a narrow median groove ; elytra striate,

intervals deeply and closely punctured, each puncture bearing a

short hair, thus making the intervals thickly pubescent ; pygidium

very hairy; underside and legs piceous-black. Male unknown.

Length 7, width 4 mm.

Hab. YZambezia (Salisbury).

ORPHNIDES.

Gen. Orpsnus, Macl.

O. zambezianus, n. sp.

Brick-red, shining, head and clypeus infuscate ; head punctulate

anterior margin of the clypeus bearing a long sharp horn, slightly

158 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

directed backwards ; prothorax punctulate—in the g broadly and

deeply excavated from the apex to the base, with the walls of the

excavation retuse, and produced in the anterior part in a conical

tubercle on each side a little higher than the clypeal horn,

posterior part of the excavation semi-circular—in the ¢ with

a faint median impression in the anterior part; elytra convex,

grooved along the suture and the outer margins, but without any

trace of dorsal strie, closely punctured, the punctures almost

superficial. Length 10-103, width 6-63 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (between Limpopo and Zambeze Rivers).

A little larger and more massive than O. meleagris,

with the clypeal horn much longer, the prothorax more

broadly and deeply excavated, and the anterior part of

the wall produced in a longer and sharper tubercle.

O. mashunus, n. sp.

Piceous-black, shining; head and clypeus smooth, g¢ with

a short, sharp horn in the centre of the head ; prothorax closely

punctured laterally, smooth along the base, excavated in the

anterior part, the excavation sub-elongate, quadrate, shallow, with

the anterior edge only slightly raised, and hardly aculeate past the

median part, between the posterior part of the excavation and the

base there is also a shallow median impression ; .elytra moderately

convex, and on a plane with the ridges of the prothoracic

excavation, grooved along the suture and the outer margins, striate

from the suture to the median part of each wing-cover, punctured,

the punctures shallow but well-defined; underside piceous-red.

Length 10, width 6 mm.

Distinct from both O. zambezianus and O. meleagris

in having the cephalic horn in the middle of the head ;

the shape of the prothoracic excavation is also different,

and the elytra are striate in the median part.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

O. ovampoanus, n. sp.

Piceous-black, shining, head with a short sharp horn; prothorax

punctulate in the ¢, excavated in the anterior part, the excaya-

tion shallow and with adeeper median impression, the ridges of the

excavation hardly raised, and straight to the median part, the

posterior part of the excavation, which reaches only the median

part of the disk, rounded ; in the 2 the prothorax is only slightly

Coleopteru from South Africa. 159

impressed in the middle of the anterior part; elytra convex,

punctured, grooved along the suture and the outer margins.

Length 7, width 4 mm,

Hab. Ovampo Land (Omramba).

Smaller than O. mashunus, with the cephalic horn

almost similar; the excavation of the prothorax is shal-

lower, does not extend so far back, and the ridges are

still less raised.

O. pugnaz, n. sp.

Brick-red, or at times piceous-brown; head of the ¢ with a

long central, sharp, conical horn ; prothorax very deeply excavated

from base to apex, with the lateral walls of the excavation pro-

duced in two sharp points, an anterior and a median one, the

latter a little more raised than the anterior, but less acute ; in the

@ the prothorax is a little raised circularly above the apical

murgin, and hasa small longitudinal impression in the middle ;

elytra convex, faintly striate in the anterior part, but not laterally,

and set with rough, confluent punctures almost alveolate on the

disk. Length 5-53, width 5-3; mm.

Hab. ZGambezia (Salisbury).

A little smaller and proportionally less massive than

O. rufulus, Boh., and at once distinguished from it by

the shape of the prothorax, which in the latter is also

deeply excavated, but with the walls produced in one

long conical tubercle on each side, while there are two

in O. pugnax; the punctuation of the elytra is also much

deeper and rougher than in O. rufulus.

GEOTRUPIDES.

Gen. Botzoceras, Kirby.

B. panza, n. sp.

Brick- or ferruginous-red, shining ; clypeus short, deeply emar-

ginate ; head very closely and deeply punctured, with a short,

transverse sub-apical carina in both sexes ; prothorax dehiscent in

the ¢ from apex to base, deeply sinuate in the anterior margin

on each side, the apical margin raised in a carina, and having

along the basal part five sharp, conspicuous tubercles, the two

outer ones of which are sometimes produced in a long incurved

process, while the three median ones are shorter and near one

another (in those specimens in which the lateral tubercle is

160 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

greatly elongated, the one near to the median is nearly obliterated),

the declivous part closely punctured for about two-thirds of the

length, and there is a broad, although little raised, lateral callus ;

in the @ the anterior part alone of the prothorax js declivous, and

in the median part there is a transverse carina, slightly sinuate in

the centre, and the punctures are much deeper than in the ¢ and

nearly confluent ; elytra very convex, finely striate, striz punctu-

late ; underside very hairy ; anterior tibie with five teeth. Length

23-24, width 1-164 mm.

Hab. Natal (Durban) ; Zambezia (Victoria Falls).

Fairmaire has described in the ‘“ Annales de la

Société Entomologique de Belgique,” vol. xxxviii., 1894,

p. 652, a large species from the Congo (French Terri-

tory), which, judging from the description, seems to

be somewhat allied to B. panza, and which, he justly

remarks, is not unlike some Australian species ; he adds,

however, that the African species are small and without

‘armature,’ by which expression he means, I presume,

prothoracie horns. I have retained for this species the

name (in litteris, Dohrn) it bore in Lansberg’s collec-

tion, now the property of Mons. R. Oberthiir.

MELOLONTHIDES.

Gen. Ruasporsonis, Burm.

R. irrorata, n. sp.

Head, prothorax, and underside piceous-black, elytra and legs

chestnut-brown ; clypeus narrow, recurved, punctured like the

head, with white squame in the punctures; head with a blunt

median longitudinal ridge and an elongated impression on each

side, followed by a smooth space, squamz not dense ; prothorax

broader than long, a little attenuate laterally from the outer

angle to near the median part, nearly straight behind, closely

punctured and squamose, with the anterior and lateral margins

fringed with very long hairs, the central part of the disk with

two broad, but shallow, longitudinal punctured grooves separated

by three smooth intervals, and a supra-lateral one also edged with

a smooth interval on either side, the scales on the outer margin

thicker than on the disk; elytra oblong-ovate, costate, with the

intervals broad, and having a duplicate series of punctures, each of

which bears one, or more, whitish scales, outer margin more densely

scaly than the other intervals ; underside densely hairy, the hairs

of the metasternum very long, abdomen densely squamose.

Length 15, width 73 mm.

Coleoptera from South Africa. 161

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg).

Smaller and less depressed in the posterior part than

R., albostriata, Burm., and also less densely squamose ;

the head is also shorter in proportion, and the clypeus

not at all emarginate, and the claws are not quite so

much developed. Female unknown.

Gen. ANomALA, Samouelle.

A, pinguis, n. sp.

Testaceous, with the head infuscate, the prothorax somewhat

brick-red and the elytra black, with a long and broad humeral

yellowish band; antennz and palpi rufescent ; intermediate and

posterior tarsi infuscate ; anterior and intermediate tibiew infus-

cate laterally, posterior ones black; clypeus one-third shorter

than the head, separated by a narrow transverse groove, and very

closely and deeply punctured like the head, but more rugose;

prothorax convex, a little attenuated laterally from the apical

angle to the median part, straight from there to the basal angle,

finely but not closely aciculate ; elytra moderately elongate, slightly

depressed laterally below the humeral angle, a little ampliated

from the median to the posterior part, convex, retuse behind, and

having on each side three smooth raised lines, intervals irregularly

punctured but with a distinct series of punctures on each side of

the raised lines ; the scutellum is testaceous, and the yellowish, or

sometimes testaceous, lateral band on the elytra extends from the

outer margin to about the median part of the width of each wing-

cover, for about one-third of the length, and is prolonged from

there as a narrow discoidal band, extending as far as the median

part, where it issomewhat aculeate; underside pale-yellow. Length

18-19, width 10 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salisbury).

RUTELIDES.

Gen. Aporztus, Cast.

A, melanoleucus, n. sp.

Head and prothorax piceous-brown, with a faint greenish metallic

tinge, outersides of the prothorax sub-rufescent ; antennz reddish-

brown, with the club black ; legs piceous, with the exception of

the anterior ones, which are rufescent; clypeus distinctly margined,

with the margin recurved, nearly as long as the head, and

both covered with long, squamiform hairs; prothorax bi-sinuate

in front and behind, lateral part also sinuate behind, and a little

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parr it. (JuNE.) I1

162 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

attenuate in front, very densely squamose ; elytra twice as long as

the prothorax, hardly broader at the base, a little ampliate behind,

moderately convex, densely covered with white scales, and with

two longitudinal dorsal series of five dark-green patches, separated

from one another by a small patch of denser and whiter scales ; in

the lateral series the two anterior patches are coalescent, forming

a band reaching from’ the shoulder to about the median part ;

underside and legs squamose. Length 9, width 4 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Buluwayo).

A species very distinct from the other South African

ones known to me; I am, however, acquainted with

. A. tessulatus, Burmeister.

CETONIDES.

Group ISCHNOSTOMINI.

Mazog, n. gen.

Mentum as in Jschnostoma, palpi shorter; clypeus as long as the °

head, excavate, with the frontal and lateral margins recurved and

sinuate in the interior part laterally, deeply constricted at the

junction with the head; antennz short, the club as long as the

clypeus; prothorax much attenuated in front, where the apical part

is only half the width of the base, depressed ; scutellum very long,

sharply triangular ; elytra depressed, as broad as the prothorax at

the base, sinuate laterally behind the shoulder and gradually

narrowed behind ; legs long, slender, claws very long, anterior

tibize bi-dentate, posterior ones with a median spine.

Ischnostoma albonotata, Péring. (Trans. 8. Afric. Philos.

Society, 1885, p. 97), belongs to the present genus.

M. jucunda, un. sp.

Head and clypeus deeply and closely punctured, and with a few

bristles, the median part of both with an orange-yellow covering;

prothorax closely punctured, gradually ampliated laterally from

the anterior angle to the base and sinuated above it, margined,

depressed, deeply punctured, the whole of the disk covered with

an orange-yellow tomentum, and having a small quadrate denuded

patch in the middle of the apical part, one small lateral spot on ,

each side and two sub-quadrate ones in the median part of the base

above the scutellum, the lateral and posterior margins also being

denuded ; scutellum long, triangular, denuded ; elytra as broad as

Coleoptera from South Africa, 163

the prothorax at the base, gradually attenuated from thence to the

apex, which is about narrower by one-fourth, plane, striate, with

the intervals convex, dull red, with a narrow supra-marginal

greyish-white band extending from the shoulder to the suture,

lateral and posterior margins denuded, as well as the humeral and

apical calluses; pygidium elongated, black, with two white patches;

underside black, punctulate ; prosternum and legs slightly pilose.

Length 14, width 7 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

Gen. Crronta, Fabr.

C. nigropunctulata, n. sp.

Brownish-red, with a slight fleshy tinge, the basal part of the

head and the underside piceous-black ; head and clypeus punctulate,

lateral part of the head pubescent ; prothorax gradually attenuate

laterally from base to apex, dehiscent in the anterior part of the

disk, punctulate, and having eleven distinct and regularly arranged

black spots ; elytra deeply sinuate below the humeral angle, nearly

parallel from there towards the apex, tricostate on each side of the

suture, as well as punctate-striate, and having on each side twelve

black round spots ; pygidium without any white patch; underside

tomentose, last abdominal segment rufescent. Length 14, width

8mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg).

A little more massive and more convex than (C,

carneola, Burm., and redder ; the black spots on the pro-

thorax and elytra do not commingle in the least.

C. aspersa, 1. sp.

Bronze, shining, covered with closely-set squamules ; head

closely punctured ; prothorax attenuate in front from about the

median part, with thick but short pubescence, closely punctured, but

also with narrow, irregular longitudinal impressions filled with

dense greyish-white squamules, median part with a smooth, longi-

tudinal, raised line ; elytra deeply sinuate laterally, bi-costate on

each side, with short pubescence, rugose, with the rugosities filled

with dense squamules ; pygidium and underside densely squamose.

Length 13, width 7 mm,

Hab. Zambezia (Mazoe).

Allied to C. (Pseudoprotxtia) amakosa, Boh., buta little

larger, and very densely covered with scales.

164 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

Family BUPRESTIDAL.

CHALCOPHOROIDES.

Gen. PsttopTErA, Sol.

P. chalcophoroides, n. sp.

Bright metallic-grey, with a coppery sheen on the upper part,

underside and legs glowing, coppery-red; head moderately

rounded, irregularly foveate, eyes elongate, narrow; antenne short,

greenish ; prothorax nearly twice as broad as long, rounded in the

anterior part and also slightly attenuated near the base, depressed,

with the outersides nearly flat, irregularly sub-foveate on the

disk and sides, and with one small, smooth raised spot in the

anterior lateral angle and another on each side of the median

longitudinal impression, which is broad and shallow, the outersides

not separated from the discoidal part by a longitudinal depres-

sion; elytra as broad as the prothorax at the base, with the

humeral angle sloping, moderately sinuate laterally above the

median part, as broad in the middle as at the base, gradually

aculeate from there to the apex, which ends in a moderately sharp

sutural spine, depressed on the upper part, broadly and deeply

punctate-striate, with the intervals narrow but much raised,

glabrous, but having a broad, supra-marginal, pubescent yellowish

band reaching from base to apex. Length 24-25, width 9-93 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

P. xneola, n. sp.

Dull bronze, with the punctures brighter on both upper and

lower parts; head with very short pubescence, broadly and irregularly

punctured and with a narrow, transverse raised spot ; prothorax

sub-diagonal laterally in the anterior part, nearly straight from

there to the base, moderately plane, with the outersides a little

more depressed but not separated from the disk by a longitudinal

impression, roughly punctured, with the sides very rugose, and with.

two small but very distinct, smooth tubercles on each side, one at

the apical angle, the other in the middle of the anterior part of the

disk ; elytra sinuate laterally before the median part, which is as

broad as the base, gradually aculeate from beyond the middle to the

apex, which ends in an apical and a sutural spine on each side,

depressed for some distance from the base, closely punctured, and

with five very little raised, nearly smooth cost, interrupted five

or six times by an oblong patch of punctures, smaller and more

closely set than those in the intervals; underside and legs pubes-

Coleoptera from South Africa. 165

scent, a little brighter than on the upper part, lateral part of

abdominal segments with one irregular, elongated, somewhat

indistinct, denuded patch. Length 23, width 9 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

P, stataria, n. sp.

Bright bronze with the prothorax and underside brassy ; head

foveate, impressed in the anterior part, faintly grooved longitu-

dinally on the vertex ; prothorax very slightly attenuated laterally

in the anterior part, nearly straight from thence to the base, but a

little sinuated above it, moderately plane, with the disk separated

from the outersides by a deep and well defined longitudinal sulcus

reaching from some distance from the apex to the base, both disk

and sides roughly foveate, median impression on the former very

indistinct except beyond the middle ; elytra sinuated laterally in the

anterior part, acuminated from beyond the middle to the apex, which

ends in a short, sutural spine, convex in the anterior part and

moderately depressed behind, faintly punctate-striate, with the in-

tervals not raised, impunctate and separated at a distance of about

one centimetre by a little quadrate patch of very fine punctures,

and having on each side a moderately broad supra-marginal

greyish-white pubescent band reaching from base to apex ; the

tessellation of the intervals of the elytra is rather indistinct ;

underside roughly punctured, the punctures pubescent. Length

26, width 10 mm.

Hab. “ambezia (Salisbury).

P. wntrusa, 0. sp.

Bright bronze on the upper and under sides ; head very rugose,

slightly pubescent, and with a median longitudinal, smooth, raised

line ; prothorax a little attenuated in the anterior lateral part,

nearly straight from thence to the base, almost plane on the disk,

which is deeply sulcate laterally from the median part to the base

and has also two superimposed, round impressions on each side of

the median longitudinal groove, which is very shallow and more

distinct in the anterior part ; elytra in the middle slightly broader

than the basal part, moderately aculeate behind, bi-spinose on each

side of the apex, with very short pubescence behind, deeply

punctate-striate, with the intervals also deeply and closely punc-

tured, the alternate ones tessellated ; underside roughly punc-

tured, with short pubescence. Length 20, width 8 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

166 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

P. cognata, n. sp.

Glowing coppery-red, with the lateral intervals of the elytra

greenish ; head foveate and with a small, median smooth space ;

prothorax a little attenuate laterally in front, parallel from the

middle to the apex, slightly convex in the middle, with the outer

sides hardly depressed, and without any lateral impression, the

median one distinct only from the middle to the base, closely

foveate, except in the central part, which is deeply punctured, and

having on each side two small smooth spots, one in the apical angle,

the other in the anterior part of the disk ; elytra narrower in the

middle than at the base, sharply acuminate behind, bi-spinose on

each side at the apex, the sutural spine longer than the outer one,

deeply punctate-striate, with the intervals narrow, convex, and

closely punctured, the alternate ones with small, elongated, discon-

nected, smooth spots; underside and legs very rugose, tomentose,

abdominal segments with a small, lateral, denuded spot, tarsi green.

Length 24, width 9 mm.

Hab. Garmbezia (Manica).

In shape and sculpture allied to P. suspecta, Fahr.,

but without any lateral impression on the prothorax ;

the elytral intervals are more convex and the punctures

much deeper.

Family MALACODERMATA.

- TELEPHORINI.

Gen. Matrnoprs, Kiesenw.

M. australis, n. sp.

Antennz black, with the four basal joints flavescent, palpi

black, eyes large; prothorax a little broader than long,

slightly impressed laterally on the anterior part, and above the

median part of the base deeply infuscate, with the anterior and

posterior margins yellow ; elytra very short, reaching only to the

first abdominal segment, very divergent, deeply sinuate laterally,

shagreened, with short pubescence ; abdominal segments edged later-

ally with yellow, the last deeply incised apically ; legs black, with

the basal part of the tibiz flavescent. Length 63, width 1 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salisbury).

Coleoptera from South Africa. 167

Family TENEBRIONIDS.

MOLURIDES.

Gen. Amtantus, Fahr.

A. octocostatus, n. sp.

Black, covered on the upper part with a dense, light-brown

tomentum ; head rugose ; prothorax gibbous, a little retuse in the

anterior part, covered with very broad, confluent punctures ;

elytra suborbicular, convex, dehiscent behind, and having on each

side four sharp, highly raised, slightly tuberculated coste reaching

from the base to the posterior declivity, intervals and outer sides

smooth ; legs densely tomentose ; underside glabrous. Length 16,

width 10 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Barberton).

Allied to A. opacus, Haag-Rutenb., but larger and

with four distinct coste on each elytron instead of

three.

A. globulipennis, n. sp.

Black, with the elytra covered with a greyish tomentum ; head

very rugose ; prothorax gibbous, a little compressed laterally in

the anterior and basal part, deeply but regularly scrobiculate ;

elytra globose, very dehiscent behind, and having on each side five

sharp, smooth, conspicuous costs reaching from the base to the

posterior declivity, the intervals broad and filled with closely

set sharp granules, not so dense on the lateral part, and absent on

the epipleurz ; legs rugose, with short pubescence. Length 20,

width 13 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Manica).

Allied to A. octocostatus, but larger; the prothorax

is compressed laterally, which is not the case in A. octo-

costatus, and the elytra have five distinct smooth cost

on each side, instead of four subtuberculated ones.

A. mashunus, n. sp.

Black, but dark-brown on the elytra; head subscrobiculate ;

prothorax subgibbose, not deeply foveate, the fovez confluent,

central part with a longitudinal smooth line reaching from apex to

168 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

base, and a semicircular, very deep impression on each side ; elytra

with very short and not dense pubescence, much broader than the

prothorax, the humeral angles slightly sloping, nearly plane in

the anterior part, obliquely dehiscent behind, carinate laterally

from the base to the median part, outer margin also carinate

from base to apex, the dorsal part with three lateral, undulating,

indistinctly defined .coste; underside nearly glabrous; legs

rugose, tomentose. Length 13, width 9 mm.

Hab. YGambezia (Salisbury).

Allied to A. undatus, Haag-Rutenb. The elytra are a

little less sloping at the humeral part, a little more plane

on the disk, and with less undulating costez; the legs

are also more slender.

A. costatus, n. sp.

Black, covered with a brown tomentum ; head rugose ; prothorax

gibbose, much compressed on each side of the median discoidal part ;

elytra nearly truncate at the base, subquadrate for two-thirds of

their length, dehiscent behind, plane, and with one lateral and two

very sharp discoidal cost, the lateral costa ending in a sharp point

at the top of the posterior declivity ; underside nearly glabrous ;

legs with very short pubescence. Length 10-14, width 6-8 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Victoria Falls—between the Limpopo

and Zambeze Rivers).

OPATRIDES.

Gen. ANOMALIPUS, Guér.

A. (Acmxus) podagricus, n. sp.

Black, opaque, more or less densely covered with a brownish

coating ; head with broad, close punctures, labrum and epistoma

deeply incised ; prothorax very much ampliated in the anterior

part, narrowed and sinuated from the median part to the basal

angle, which is sharp and slightly projecting backwards ; the pos-

terior part of the prothorax is narrower in the ¢ than in the 9,

convex, with the outer sides a little depressed, with very closely-

set, equal punctures, and having two round impressions on each

side of the disk ; elytra nearly parallel, not much broader than the

base of the prothorax, more convex in the ¢@ than in the ¢, in

which sex they are moderately plane in the anterior part, convex and

deflexed behind, finely granulose and with three raised lines on each

side, and occasionally a faint trace of intervening lines ; legs very

Coleoptera from South Africa, 169

rugose, anterior femora thickly clubbed. In the ¢ the anterior and

intermediate tibia are broadly dilated at the tip, the former with

a short, outer, bi-spinose carina, and very broadly scooped out in-

ternally, with the upper edge of the inner part laminated and ending

in a basal and an apical spine, while the apical part of the lower

edge is produced in a long, inward spur, the intermediate tibiz are

very deeply incised inwardly above the apex which is also compressed

outwardly, and the posterior tibie are a little attenuated at tne

base, but not bent. In the ¢ the anterior tibize have two long

external teeth, and a straight lamina internally extending from the

apex to the same distance as the first external tooth, and the inter-

mediate tibiz are a little bent, deeply grooved on the upper part

and with a short, median spine on each side of the groove.

Length 22-23, width 12-14 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Manica).

Much smaller than A. elephas, Fahr., but belonging to

the same group ; the anterior tibiae are scooped out in-

ternally on the same plan, but the upper edge overhangs

the cavity.

A. (Acmxus) proximus, Nn. sp.

Shape, size and vestiture of A. podagricus ; the 9 is however a

little less convex, and in both sexes the elytra are more closely

granulated, and the raised, smooth lines are replaced by a tri-

linear series of granules a little larger than those of the inter-

spaces, with a faint trace of other intervening series; in the ¢

the anterior tibia are slender from the base to the median part,

then suddenly dilated in a sub-quadrate shape, bi-dentate out-

wardly, broadly excavate underneath, with the upper part of the

internal edge deeply incised so as to make it also bi-dentate, and

the apical part of the lower edge is produced in a long broad spine

directed inwardly, intermediate tibie a little bent, not much dilated

at tip, but deeply incised above the apex, with the terminal part of

the incision produced in a long inner spur; in the ? the posterior

tibia are moderately slender and a little incurved, the anterior

tibiee are not dilated, nor laminated inwardly, and they are strongly

bi-dentate externally. Length 21-22 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

A, (Acmexus) plebeius, n. sp.

Black, covered with a greyish coating; head and prothorax

deeply and closely punctured, prothorax very broadly ampliated

170 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

laterally, deeply sinuated behind from a little beyond the median

part, and with the posterior part narrower than the anterior, moder-

ately convex, with the sides somewhat depressed, bi-impressed on

each side of the anterior part of the disc, and witha basal sub-lateral

longitudinal impression ; elytra not broader at the base than the

posterior part of the prothorax, but broadening a little below the

humeral angles and nearly as broad in the middle in both sexes as

the prothorax at its widest part, convex, dehiscent behind and with

six distinct, narrow cost on each side. In the ¢ the anterior tibiz

are moderately dilated at the tip, bi-dentate outwardly, while the

inner part is contorted and has a broad, semicircular groove, the

lower edge is sub-quadrate and bi-dentate, with the basal tooth

pointing downwards, intermediate tibis incurved, deeply incised

inwardly, with the terminal part of the incision produced in a long

inner spur, posterior tibize moderately sleuder and a little incurved ;

in the ¢ the anterior tibie are strongly bi-dentate outwardly and

not laminate internally. Length 19-22, width 11-12 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salisbury).

Allied to A. lineatus, Gerst., in shape and sculpture,

but is easily differentiated by the shape of the anterior

tibie.

A. (Apodemus) marshalli, n. sp.

Black, moderately shining, elytra with a light brown coating ;

head punctulate, and with two round impressions in the posterior

part ; prothorax ampliate laterally in the middle part, a little nar-

rower in the posterior than in the anterior part, basal angle sharp,

disk moderately convex, depressed laterally, punctured and with

two apical rounded impressions at the apex, two more on the median

part, and two on each side, the intervals separating these impressions

being smooth; elytra moderately plane, convex and dehiscent behind,

nearly straight laterally, and set with series of short, rounded,

tubercles which are a little more raised in the alternate series ;

anterior tibiz of the ¢ slender, curving but not much dilated at

the apex, bi-dentate outwardly, the inner apical part with a sharp

spine pointing downwards, intermediate tibie slightly grooved out-

wardly and with a short median spine on each side, apical part a

little dilated. Length 26, width 13 mm,

Hab. Y“ambezia (Salisbury).

Kasily distinguished from any other South African

species by the tuberculated elytra.

Coleoptera from South Africa. 171

A, seqnis, 1. sp.

Black, with a very slight greyish-brown coating ; head punctu-

late, with two small median impressions; prothorax broadly ampli-

ated in the median part, sinuate behind, somewhat depressed on the

disk, with the outer sides flattened, closely but not dgeply punctured

and with two very faint, rounded, discoidal supra-basal impres-

sions ; elytra parallel, plane, slightly wider at the base than the

posterior part of the prothorax, costate, coste not much raised

and intervals narrow, both striz and intervals densely granulose ;

legs moderately slender ; anterior tibiz of the ¢ a little curved,

bi-dentate outwardly, apical part dilated inwardly, grooved and

with a broad, sharp carina underneath, intermediate tibiz slightly

sinuated outwardly towards the apex. Length 22, width 11 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Manica).

Allied to A. planus, Fahr., and A. affinis, Pér.; but the

anterior tibize end differently, and have not the con-

spicuous apical inner spine directed downward; the

costee on the elytra are very well defined and regular.

EUTELIDES.

Gen. Byzacnus, Pase.

B. capensis, n. sp.

Head, prothorax and legs piceous-brown, median part of the pro-

thorax with a sub-metallic sheen, elytra dark metallic-green ; head

very closely punctured, antennz short, reaching only the median

part of the prothorax, which is much depressed, as long as broad,

sinuate and a little narrowed behind, closely foveate, with the

fovez small ; elytra not broader at the base than the posterior part

of the prothorax, gradually ampliated laterally in a triangular

shape from the base to two-thirds of the length, and from thence

abruptly truncate, while the disk is also gradually raised, although

plane, from the base to the top of the declivity, which like the

discoidal and lateral parts are roughly foveate ; tibiz curved ;

underside punctulate. Length 11-13, width 6-7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port St. John).

Easily distinguished from its congener B. picticollis,

Pase., by the absence of tubercles on the declivous part

of the elytra.

172 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

Gen. CyrtrotycHE, Pase.

C. rikatle, n. sp.

Black, covered with a light brown tomentum; head very rugose,

antennee short, black ; prothorax with a sharp lateral tubercle, and

one equally long but perpendicular over it, and four more on the

disk, which in the ? is broadly grooved in the centre, with the

sides of the groove developed in two high tuberculated ridges ;

elytra elongated, retuse behind, not quite so broad at the base as

the prothorax at its widest part, not ampliated behind inthe ¢,a

little broader past the median part in the 9, very rugose and with

three series of thick, sharp, conical tubercles on each side, longer in

the ¢ and denuded and golden at the tip, lateral part with two

series of smaller tubercles ; legs rugose, tibie slightly curved in

the ¢, much less so in the 2. Length 15-16, width 6-7 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla).

Differs from C. satanas, Pasc.,.in the shape and

disposition of the tubercles on the prothorax and elytra.

MEGACANTHIDES.

Gen. Micrantereus, Sol.

M. scaberrimus, Fairm., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxxviii.,

prea? .

Fairmaire has given, loc. c’t., the diagnosis of the ¢ only ; the

g is elongate-ovate, with the elytra much narrower than those of

the ¢@, the granules are larger and denser, the dorsal coste are ill-

defined, although the granules of which they consist are larger than

those in the intervals; the anterior and intermediate tibizw are

deeply emarginate internally from near the median part to the

apex, the anterior femora are sub-dentate apically, and both the

intermediate and posterior legs are fringed with long, flavescent

pubescence. Length 20, width 10 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla).

M. limpopoanus, un. sp.

Black, opaque, more or less densely covered with a light brown

tomentum ; head closely and finely punctured ; prothorax a little

attenuate laterally at both ends, broader than long, moderately

convex with the anterior part slightly declivous, disk closely but

irregularly punctured ; elytra elongate-ovate (¢) or sub-globose

(¢ ), declivous behind, and with large, closely-set granules, a little

sharper in tke ¢ than in the ?; anterior and intermediate tibic

Coleoptera from South Africa. 173

of the ¢ deeply emarginate internally as in all Micrantereus, anterior

femora sub-dentate at apex ; underside punctured; legs very

rugose. In the @ the legs are shorter, the tibiz not emarginate

inwardly, and the anterior femora not dentate. Length 183-20,

width 11-12 mm.

Hab. Upper Limpopo River.

M. carinatus, n. sp.

Black, covered on the upper part with very short tomentose

pubescence, which is denser and a little longer on the elytra ; head

and prothorax very finely and closely punctured, prothorax a little

attenuate laterally in front and behind ; elytra elongate-ovate in

the ¢, convex and gradually dehiscent behind, bi-costate on each

side, the costz consisting of elongated, coalescing, short tubercles,

with the intervals irregularly tuberculated, suture smooth, raised ;

in the ? the elytra are more convex and therefore more abruptly

declivous behind and they have three distinct, sub-tuberculate

cost on each side ; legs rugose, anterior femora not sub-dentate in

the ¢, intermediate tibize so deeply emarginate inwardly that the

base of the sinuation is almost toothed ; underside black, shining,

punctulate. Length 19-214, width 11-13 mm.

Hab. Betchuanaland (Ramoutsa), Upper Limpopo.

Larger than M. (Solenomerus) longipes, Fahr., propor-

tionally more massive, but while in M. longipes the dorsal

longitudinal series of tubercles are hardly more raised

than the tubercles m the intervals, and are thus very

indistinct, they are very well defined in the present

species, more raised, and although closely sub-tuber-

culated, often smooth and carinate on the posterior

declivity.

M. luctwosus, n. sp.

Black, covered with a greyish tomentum ; head and prothorax

shagreened, the latter as broad as long and hardly attenuate

laterally at apex and base; elytra elongated, very little ampliated

laterally in the median part, not much attenuated, and not very

abruptly declivous behind, each elytron with two discoidal series

of more or less elongated and coalescing tubercles or rather large

granules, with a few sub-seriated ones on the first and second

intervals, anda double or treble irregular series between the second

tuberculate costa and the sub-carinate supra-lateral part ; legs

long, the anterior and intermediate tibie sinuate inwardly as

174 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

usual, but the posterior ones, which are very slender in comparison

with the others, are sinuate outwardly and deeply emarginate in

the inner part a short distance from the base to the apical part ;

basal joint of anterior tarsi triangular, not emarginate externally.

Female unknown. Length 15, width 7 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla).

Easily distinguished by the incurved posterior Hines

this character occurs also, but in a lesser degree, in the $

of M. yratiosus.

M. gratiosus, n. sp.

Black, moderately shining; head and prothorax finely punctulate,

the latter broader than long, rounded laterally at base and apex ;

elytra elongated, very little ampliated in the middle, nearly plane

in the anterior part and with a long posterior slope, covered with

irregular, sharp, short tubercles closely set, and not disposed in

series, supra-lateral part sharp, almost carinate, lateral part sub-

foveate. Femaleunknown. Length 15-17, width 8-8} mm.

Hab. Zambezia (between the Zambeze and Limpopo

Rivers).

Elytra narrower than in M. (Solenomerus) -longipes,

Fahr., less convex, and much less retuse behind, with

the outer sides more carinate, and the prothorax more

plane and acutely carinate laterally; the basal joint of

the anterior tarsi is triangular and not emarginate in-

ternally as in W. longipes, carinatus, etc.

M. spurius, n. sp.

Black, covered with a light brown tomentum ; head and pro-

thorax very shortly setulose, the latter hardly convex, carinate

laterally ; elytra of the ¢ ovate, convex, gradually sloping behind,

supra-lateral part sharp, carinate, densely granulose and with two

series of small tubercles on each side, the space between the first

series and the suture also tuberculated irregularly. In the 9 the

prothorax is a little more convex and has a round smooth spot on

each side, and the punctures are also deeper ; the elytra are very

convex, abruptly declivous behind, with the granules and tubercles

smaller and the two discoidal series better defined. Length 14-15,

width 8-9 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (between the Zambeze and Limpopo

Rivers, Manica).

The ¢ is closely allied to the same sex of M. gratiosus,

Coleoptera from South Africa. 175

but the elytra are more ampliated laterally and less

elongated behind. I am not quite sure that the ?,

which I describe from one example only, is truly that of

M, spurius.

M. fallax, un. sp.

Black, moderately shining; head and prothorax as in M. spurius

and MZ, gratiosus ; elytra elongate-ovate, depressed on the anterior

part of the disk, and gradually sloping from the median part to

the apex in both sexes, broader at the base in the ¢, covered with

closely-set granules not large ‘enough to be called tubercles, and

having on each side two lines of more or less coalescing small

tubercles—the outer line is the best defined of the two, the supra-

lateral part sharp in both sexes and densely granulate ; basal joint

of the anterior tarsi not emarginate. Length 15-16, width 93-10mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Upper Limpopo).

Hasily recognized by the depression of the basal part

of the elytra and the gradual sloping towards the apex.

M. ovampoanus, n. sp.

Black, moderately shining; prothorax a little convex, somewhat

attenuate laterally in front, one-third broader than long, slightly

sloping at apex, nearly smooth ; elytra of the ¢ elongate, rather

convex from the median part of the disk, sub-aculeate behind and

gradually sloping, supra-lateral part sharply carinate, anterior part

of the disk smooth, the rest with short tubercles, irregularly set

but forming somewhat indistinct series on each side of the

posterior declivous part; basal joint of the anterior tarsi not

emarginate inwardly. In the ? the elytra are very convex, covered

with a greyish-brown tomentum, and the basal part near the

scutellum is nearly smooth ; they are densely granulose, and the

two dorsal series of larger granules are distinct. Length 15-17,

width 9 mm.

Hab. Ovampoland. |

A little more aculeate behind and less declivous than

M., longipes, Fahr., of which it is a very close ally. The

$ is distinguished by the denuded space at the base of

the elytra, as well as by the form of the basal joint of the

anterior tarsi, which is not emarginate.

176 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

M. devevus, n. sp.

Black, shining; head punctulate; prothorax very closely

punctured, the punctures elongate, irregular and confluent, disk

not very convex, lateral part a little attenuate in front and

behind ; elytra in the ¢ nearly parallel laterally, almost plane

from the base to the median part of the disk, where it is sub-

convex and gradually sloping from thence to the apex, the posterior

part sub-aculeate, the supra-lateral part acutely carinate from

base to apex, the carina tuberculose, the median part of the disk

rugose and without any serrated granules, but alongside the

lateral carina the granules are dense ; basal joint of the anterior

tarsi very broadly triangular, not emarginate inwardly. In the ?

the elytra are convex, covered with an earthy tomentum, hardly

granulate on the anterior part of the disk, except along the supra-

lateral carina, which is sharply defined, and with a few moderately

large granules on the posterior declivous part. Length 13-14,

width 6-7 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla).

M. pronus, nu. sp.

Black, moderately shining ; head and prothorax closely but not

deeply punctured, the latter a little attenuate in front and behind,

slightly convex in the posterior part of the disk and dehiscent in

front ; elytra nearly parallel in the ¢ from the base to two-thirds

of their length, and sub-acuminate from thence towards the

apex, plane on the disk near the base, gradually dehiscent from

the median pari, rugose in the centre, and broadly verrucose

laterally alongside the supra-lateral carina, which is very sharp ;

basal joint of the anterior tarsi broadly triangular, Inthe ¢? the

elytra are more convex along the suture, more abruptly dehiscent

behind, with the lateral granulation less pronounced, and there

is a trace of two series of larger granules on each side of the

declivity. Length 15-153, width 9 mm.

Hab, ‘Transvaal (Barberton).

M. algoensis, nu. sp.

Black, covered with a light brown tomentum; head and

prothorax very closely punctured, hardly ampliate in the middle,

moderately convex and shortly dehiscent in the anterior part ;

elytra nearly straight laterally from a very short distance from the

humeral part, rather’ plane than convex on the disk, abruptly

Coleoptera from South Africa. Le

retuse behind, the supra-lateral part carinate, the carina serrulate,

the disk with a sharp, median smooth ridge on each side, ending

suddenly at the top of the posterior declivity, the interval between

‘the suture and the dorsal ridge smooth, the other interval with an

indistinct series of very small tubercles. Length 15, width 9 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla),

Easily distinguished from all the other described

South African species of Micrantereus by the smooth

dorsal ridge ending abruptly at the top of the posterior

declivity in an acute point, in exactly the same manner

as in Amuiantus carinatus, of the group Molurides. In the

male the posterior declivity is not so abrupt as in the

female, and the apical part of the dorsal ridge is, there-

fore, not so marked; the tubercles in the interval

between the median ridge and the supra-lateral part are

more seriate ; and the intermediate and posterior tibize

are as much incurved as they are in M. gratiosus, of

which the present insect may prove to be a variety.

ACASTUS, n. gen.

Mentum as in Hoplonyx, Thoms., last joint of maxillary palpi

securiform, labrum transverse, truncate in front, eyes large,

divided on the vertex by a mere line, supra-antennal crests

produced in a coalescing semicircular ridge overhanging the anterior

part of the head ; antenna not reaching the median part of the

elytra, massive, the joints sub-moniliform, the median ones slightly

dilated inwardly and somewhat serrate, the apical ones sometimes

more or less pyriform; prothorax plane, as broad as long, a little

rounded in front laterally, but with the posterior angles very

sharp, carinate laterally ; elytra sub-oblong, parallel, broader

than the prothorax, not very convex ; legs moderately long,

anterior tibiz deeply sinuate at the base, anterior femora with a

broad conical tooth near the apical part.

Distinguished from Hoplonyx by the shape of the

antennz, the joints of which are shorter, much more

massive, the third not longer than the first ; the supra-

antennal crests are much developed and coalesce in the

middle.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—partT 1. (JUNE.) 12

178 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species o

ro)

Synopsis OF SPECIES.

Prothorax with a small discoidal impression on each side, and a

broader one in the median part of the base . . segnis.

Prothorax with small tubercles . . . oi Ne neg) mueateeuas

Prothorax with a short median raised line Baro seh sn AQTCRLIS.

Prothorax with two deep longitudinal lateral impressions,

empressicollis,

A. segnis, n. sp.

Dark brown, with short and dense pubescence ; antenne black ;

labrum and epistoma pubescent ; prothorax straight laterally, the

sides very slightly sinuate anteriorly, with the anterior angles

rounded, and bi-sinuate posteriorly, with the hind angles sharp, plane

on the disk, but slightly sloping near the anterior margin, roughly

and closely punctured, and having a median, ill-defined longitudinal

smooth line running from base to apex, and a median discoidal

impression on each side of the line, while the median part of the

base is broadly impressed ; elytra truncate at base, sub-cylindrical,

slightly dehiscent behind, sharply carinate, the intervals narrow

and with a series of moderately broad but deep punctures ; under-

side thickly clothed with very short pubescence ; legs rugulose,

pubescent. Length 13, width 5 mm.

Hab. YZambezia (Salisbury), Mozambique (Rikatla).

A, rusticus, n, sp.

Brown, with the antennz black, with very short pubescence;

head as in A. segnés ; prothorax slightly sinuate at the sides behind

the median part, covered with closely-set, deep, moderately broad

punctures, broadly impressed longitudinally on each side of the

median part, the outer part of the impression bounded by a low,

well-defined ridge, with a short tubercle in the middle, central

part of the median impression also with a small rounded tubercle,

in a transverse line with the other two; elytra sub-cylindrical,

carine sharp, punctures of the intervals ee ; underside and legs

with short pubescence. Length 73, width 35 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salisbur :

A. agrestis, n. sp.

Brown, with moderately lorg pubescence on the upper pari,

antennz brown ; head as in the two preceding species ; prothorax

sinuate at the sides behind the median part, anterior part of the

Fae:

Coleoptera from South Africa. 179

disk slightly convex, median part a little depressed longitudinally,

base deeply impressed above the scutellum, disk closely foveate,

the fovez smal], and with a median longitudinal smooth line

reaching neither base nor apex ; elytra sub-cylindrical, sharply

carinate, punctures of the intervals deep, pubescence long ; under-

side and legs with short pubescence. Length 7, width 3 mm.

Hab. YGambezia (Salisbury).

A, impressicollis, n. sp.

Brown or rusty-red, with the elytra and legs a little lighter than

the prothorax and antenne; head as in the preceding species ; pro-

thorax with dense, short pubescence, rounded at the sides in the

anterior part, sinuate near the base, disk a little convex in front,

moderately plane from the middle to the base, and having on each

side of the median part a very broad and deep pyriform impression,

while the lateral posterior part and also the median part of the

base are slightly impressed; elytra sub-cylindrical, less pubescent

than the prothorax, acutely carinate and deeply punctate-striate ;

legs and underside as in the preceding species. Length 6,

width 2 mm.

Hab. YGambezia (Salisbury).

In A. impressicollis the intermediate joints of the

antenne are more moniliform from and including the

sixth than in the other species.

ASYLEPTUS, n. gen.

Mentum as in Acastus; maxillary palpi with the last joint

triangular, bluntly truncate; antenne moderately long, and

moderately thick, conical, the joints of nearly equal length, except

the basal one which is the longest, and the apical one which is a

little shorter, slender at the base, sub-pyriform at the tip and less

thickened than either of the two preceding joints ; eyes separated

by a narrow line on the vertex ; frontal crests produced in front,

meeting in the centre, and perpendicularly carinate; prothorax

and elytra asin Acastus ; legs more slender and alittle longer than

in that genus, anterior tibiz not sinuated inwardly, the anterior

femora without any conical tooth.

_ A. fumosus, n. sp.

Piceous, opaque, glabrous, antennze, palpi and legs reddish-

brown; labrum and epistoma closely punctulate ; frontal part

produced in two projecting much raised crests, united in front, and

180 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

carinate along the point of insertion of the antenne ; prothorax

nearly straight laterally, truncate in front, bi-sinuate at base,

plane, a little dehiscent in the anterior part, glabrous, closely punc-

tured and with two faint impressions, one on each side ; elytra

sub-cylindrical, sharply carinate, intervals closely and deeply

punctured, the punctures in the first and second intervals not

so deep as in the others ; underside glabrous, with the exception of

the abdomen, which is clothed -vith very short pubescence. Length 9,

width 3; mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Kowie River).

Family CERAMBYCIDAs.

Subfamily LAMIINI.

Gen. Briuus, Pasce.

B. pascoei, n. sp.

Black, covered with a very short, slightiy greyish tomentum,

lateral part of the scutellum, of the meso- and metasternum, and

also of the abdominal segments, clothed with a bright ochraceous

pubescence ; head rugulose, clypeus distinct, vertex deeply and

broadly grooved, frontal and hind part with a very fine groove ; the

two basal joints of antennze black, the others rufescent ; prothorax

as long as broad, sharply aculeate laterally at the middle, grooved

transversely in front and behind, median part of the disk slightly

raised in the shape of a lozenge and narrowly grooved longitudi-

nally ; elytra three times as long as the prothorax, elongate-ovate,

with the sutural part incised at the apex, very convex in the

middle, gradually sloping behind, a little broader at the base than

the hind part of the prothorax, with the humeral angles diagonal

and produced in a short tubercle, granulated for about one-fifth of

their length, punctured from the base to about the median part and

not punctate behind; legs with long pubescence, tibiz dilated

from the median part to the apex, the intermediate ones almost

laminated outwardly. Length 29, width 10 mm.

Much larger than B. spinosus, Pasc., and without any

basal tubercle on the elytra, which are not mottled with

grey.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom).

———

Coleoptera from South Africa. 181

Gen. Srernotomis, Perch.

S. mozambica, n. sp.

Black, covered with a thick ochraceous tomentum ; mandibles

massive, with two small rounded tubercles on the outer basal part

in the ¢ ; anterior part of the head finely granulate, apical part

of the vertex with a semicircular impression followed by a longi-

tudinal median line, eyes large: prothorax transverse, with the

median part of the outersides aculeate, bi-impressed transversely

at apex and base, median part of the disk also with a transverse

impression, slightly sinuate in the middle, in front and behind ;

elytra sub-cuneiform, broader at the base than the prothorax, and

with the shoulders projecting a little, but rounded and not tuber-

culated, gradually attenuate behind, set with moderately close

granules at the base, and irregularly punctured ; intercoxal process

of the prosternum hollowed, narrowed and rounded in front ;

antenne twice the length of the body inthe ¢, finely granulose and

pubescent. Length 27, width 10 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla).

TIMORETICUS, n. gen.

Head, eyes, labrum and palpi of Zographus, Cast.; antennee of equal

length in both sexes, with the 2nd, 3rd and 4th joints much thicker

than the others ; prothorax short, with a conical lateral tubercle ;

elytra sub-cylindrical, with the humeral angles well developed; inter-

coxal part of the mesosternum without any projection, that of the

metasternum sub-aculeate and hardly projecting; legs as in Zo-

graphus.

Allied to Zographus, but easily distinguished from it in

having antennz of equal length in ‘both sexes, and the

3rd, 4th and 5th joints much thicker than the others ;

the prothorax is less hexagonal, the metasternal projection

is differently shaped, and the elytra are more cylindrical.

T. armaticeps, n. sp.

Chocolate-brown, very finely and thickly pubescent; frontal

part of the head with a very narrow median ridge, ¢ with a long,

flat, sub-vertical median lamina excavate in the centre, vertex with

a semicircular groove, followed by a longitudinal median one ;

prothorax one-third broader than long, with the median part of the

outersides produced in a sharp tubercle, deeply impressed trans-

versely in front and behind, and with the intermediate part some-

182 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

what bi-plicate ; both head and prothorax are clothed with a slightly

ochraceous pubescence ; scutellum transverse, sub-quadrate ; elytra

sub-parallel, a littie broader at the base than the prothorax across the

median part, sinuate laterally at the base in such a way as to make the

humeral angle very prominent, a little attenuate gradually towards

the apex, convex, closely punctured, and covered with a very fine,

short, slightly greyish pubescence, sprinkled with minute light

ochraceous or whitish spots,and having also two broader ones at

the base on each side of the scutellum ; underside and legs densely

pubescent ; the 4th joint of the antenne is slightly constricted near

the apex, and all the joints are pubescent and ringed with brown

at the tip from the fourth to the last one. The 9 has no trace of

the frontal process. Length 21-22, width 73-8 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla) ; Transvaal.

In the examples from Rikatla the white speckles on

the elytra are much more conspicuous than in those from

the Transvaal.

Gen. TRAGOCEPHALA, Cast.

T’. rikatle, un. sp.

Densely covered with a very short black velvety pubescence ;

antenne and legs velvety-black; head and prothorax bright

sulphur-yellow, the latter with a narrow median longitudinal black

band reaching from the base to the apex, the lateral part of

the prothorax aculeate in the middle; elytra as broad as the

prothorax in the median part, a little attenuated behind, depressed,

and with four broad transverse bands on each side edged with

white, separated by a narrow band of the black ground-colour and

reaching from the outer margins to near the suture, but discon-

nected from it; the first, second and fourth bands are of nearly

equal breadth, but the third one is narrower and divided in

two at about the median part by a diagonal narrow black line ;

underside with a broad bright yellow lateral band running from

the sides of the mesosternum to the apex; legs bright yellow.

Length 15, width 5 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla).

At once distinguished from the other South African

species by the narrow black median line of the prothorax,

and the very broad yellow bands of the elytra, which

have very nearly invaded the whole of the surface.

Coleoptera from South Africa, 183

Gen. CRROPLESIS, Serv.

CU. manicana, n. sp.

Black, the elytra bluish-black, with short pubescence; head

with two frontal, longitudinal red bands; prothorax constricted at

base and apex, tuberculated laterally beyond the median part, sub-

tuberculated and rugose on the disk, anterior and posterior

constrictions banded with pale vermilion; elytra elongated,

gradually narrowed from the base to the apex, which is rounded,

convex, deeply and closely punctured all over, but more deeply

in the basal part, which has a brassy tinge, and having two

transverse, non-sinuate vermilion-red bands reaching from side to

side, one supra-apical one, sinuate laterally, one apical patch, and a

supra-marginal dot between the post median and the supra-apical

bands ; epipleuree red from the base to the median part ; underside

pubescent, meso- and metasternum each with a lateral red patch,

Length 30, width 10 mm. ,

Hab. Zambezia (Manica).

In the ¢ the elytra are more acuminate behind than

in any other South African species known to me.

C. fallaw, n. sp.

Black, with a very short, greyish pubescence ; frontal part of

the head with two longitudinal pale vermilion-red bands and a

transverse apical one ; prothorax constricted at base and apex,

tuberculated laterally beyond the median part, rugose on the disk,

the anterior and posterior constrictions banded with pale vermilion-

red; elytra cylindrical, finely and closely punctured, each puncture

bearing a very short, greyish hair; their basal part has no bronze

tinge, and they have a sub-humeral pale vermilion-red band

reaching neither the outer margin nor the suture on each side,

two median ones, moderately broad, reaching the outer margins,

another band reaching from the outer margin to the median part

of the disk or sometimes to near the suture, a sub-sinuate supra-

apical one reaching from side to side and an apical patch coalescing

along the margin with the supra-apical band ; epipleure red from

the base to the median part ; underside more densely pubescent

than the upper, lateral part of the meso- and metasternum, as

well as of the abdominal segments, the last one excepted, red.

Length 26, width 9 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

184 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of.

Very closely allied to C. malepicta, Fairm., but with

the subhumeral band of the elytra better defined, the two

median bands a little broader, and the supra-apical one

uninterrupted.

Family CURCULIONIDA.

BRACHYDERIDES.

Group TANYMECIN.

Gen. Potycizis, Bohem.

P. sumptuosus, n. sp.

Oblong-ovate, black, densely covered with green scales, elytra

with two greenish-white lateral patches, of which the anterior one

situated above the median part is the broadest of the two, the

other, a small one, is equidistant from the median and

apical parts, and a little beyond the median part of the disk there

is a transverse band reaching on each side from the middle of the

elytra to the suture ; rostrum grooved horizontally in the central

part only, and slightly carinate at the apex ; prothorax gradually

ampliated from the apex to the base, with the outer sides straight,

twice the width of the apex at the base and with the basal angles

sharp and projecting backward, very finely punctured and without

any median groove ; scutellum elongate, rounded at the apex;

elytra nearly twice as broad near the base as the prothorax at

its widest part, but with the outer angles sloping, and the shoulders

sub-tuberculate, gradually narrowed behind, very convex, and with

the suture acuminate on each side at the apex, striate, but not

deeply, and with the anterior part distinctly punctured, the

punctures, however, being generally hidden by the green squame ;

antennz and tarsi black and covered with a thick, white pubes-

cence. Length 20, width 8 mm.

Hab. YGambezia (Buluwayo).

Belongs to the group of P. equestris, Boh., and P.

cinereus, Fahr., but neither the prothorax nor the elytra

are quite so much ampliated.

Coleoptera from South Africa. 185

P. prasinus, n. sp.

The description of the preceding species applies to the present

one but the elytra have no greenish-white patch whatever, and the

whole of the upper part is not only densely squamose but also

briefly and densely pubescent and the prothorax is a little less

attenuate in the anterior part. Length 20-21, width 7-7} mm.

flab. Zambezia (Buluwayo).

P. decorus, n. sp.

Black, covered with a very short, greyish pubescence ; pro-

thorax with a moderately broad, lateral whitish band ; elytra with

a lateral whitish band beginning near the shoulder, broadly dilated

before the median part where it reaches the fourth costa, narrowed

from thence and running along the seventh and eighth intervals to

a short distance from the apex, also with a diagonal band of the

same colour extending from the third interval to the suture, a

little beyond the median part of the disk; head and rostrum

longitudinally plicate, the former with a median longitudinal

groove; prothorax not broader than the head at the apex, gradually

ampliated from the apex to the base, the outer angles of which are

distinctly acute, very closely granulate and with a narrow, shallow,

pubescent median longitudinal groove ; elytra almost truncate at

the base, with the shoulders hardly sloping, a little attenuate

behind, but not at all dilated laterally in the median part, punctate-

striate from the base to the middle, with the intervals slightly

raised and rounded ; underside with long pubescence ; the joints

of the tarsi broad, the terminal one not very much broader than

the others. Length 17, width 6 mm.

Hab. YZambezia (Salisbury).

Allied to P. longicornis and P. vestitus, Fahr. It differs

from the former in having comparatively short and more

slender antenne ; the prothorax is narrower ; the lateral

white lunule of the elytra projects more towards the

centre and is produced behind in a narrow band, and the

sutural, post-median patch is in the shape of a diagonal

band, the elytra themselves also being broader.

Gen. Cimpus, Schénh.

C. viridanus, n. sp.

Black, covered with green scales, these being denser along the

outer part of the prothorax and elytra ; rostrum a little narrower

at apex than at base, grooved from the basal part to near the apex,

186M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

neither head nor apex constricted, eyes projecting ; prothorax sub-

cylindrical, but a little broader at the base than at the apex, and

with the basal angles somewhat sharp, a little depressed longi-

tudinally in the middle and with a very narrow groove ; elytra

elongate, convex, attenuate laterally from the median part to the

apex, which is acuminate on each side of the suture, striate, with

the striz distinctly punctured from the base to the middle, intervals

slightly convex ; the green scales are denser in the intervals than in

the strizw, making the dorsal part appear as if it had alternate green

and black lines, but the green scales are very dense along the sides ;

the prothorax has also a broad supra-lateral denuded band on each

side; legs black, with short pubescence. Length 13-14, width

4-4} mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

BRACHYCERIDES.

KUREIUS, n. gen.

Head short, eyes flat, surmounted by a very high compressed

carinate crest ; rostrum moderately long, slightly bi-constricted

laterally, near the base and below the scrobe; antennz short, and

with seven articulations, the scape also short, the 2nd joint

equally thick but still shorter, the 3rd joint a little narrower than

the following three, the last joint as long as the three pre-

ceding, and with the outer part of the tip diagonally truncate ;

prothorax very slender, and narrower behind than in front ;

elytra very gibbose, sub-pedunculate, retuse behind ; legs very

massive, tarsi short, very broad, with the 2nd joint a little broader

than the others, and the 4th not much longer than the 3rd,

equally broad, all closely articulated.

FE. aurivillii, n. sp.

Black, with the median part of the head, the prothorax, a

narrow sutural line, as well as the sides of the elytra, and the legs

ochraceous-brown ; rostrum with a few short bristles, separated

from the head by a slight lateral impression ; head very short, eyes

surmounted by a semicircular compressed, very highly raised

ridge, having a few very short bristles on the margin ; prothorax

narrow, almost straight laterally, a little narrower behind, deeply

Coleoptera from South Africa. ye ailse

pitted and with two conspicuous sharp spines on each side of the

central part of the disk, and also a row of smaller ones on the

lateral part ; elytra very gibbose, sub-pedunculate, retuse behind

and having on each side two rows of regularly set conical tubercles

reaching from base to apex, sides regularly and broadly foveate.

Length (rostrum excluded) 8, width 35 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Albany).

Gen. Bracuycerus, Oliv.

B. indutus, n. sp.

Black, covered with a very dense squamiform, light brown

tomentum ; scape of antenne cylindrical, not narrowed at the

base, and short; rostrum long, bluntly bi-tuberculate at the base,

sinuate laterally and gradually broadening towards the apex, eyes

without any supra-orbital ridge ; head small ; prothorax broader

than long, with the median part of the sides pluri-tuberculate and

projecting, anterior margin broadly sinuate laterally, anterior part

not projecting, disk moderately convex and with a broad median

longitudinal groove interrupted in the middle, posterior margin

straight, deeply and irregularly foveate all over; elytra convex,

truncate at the base, declivous behind, somewhat ovate, having

on each side five series of closely-set sharp tubercles, and four

more along the sides, these lateral tubercles being blunt, the intervals

between the series of dorsal tubercles foveate, covered with

a dense light-brown tomentum, and at the base, there is on each

side of the scutellary region an elongated and conspicuous tubercle

covered with a velvety-black tomentum; legs thick, bristly.

Length (rostrum excluded) 10-15, width 6-9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Vaal River), Mozambique (Rikatla).

B, divergens, n. sp.

Black, more or less densely covered with yellowish squame ;

rostrum long, bi-tuberculate and constricted at the base, gradually

dilated from the stricture to the apex, foveolate, and with short

setze ; scape of antenne incurved, clubbed at the tip, as long as

the four following joints together, terminal joint thickened ;

eyes without orbital ridge; prothorax deeply sinuate laterally

in the anterior part, and with the median part projecting, broadly

and deeply grooved longitudinally from the apex to about the

median part of the disk, closely tuberculated, with the intervals

deeply foveate, and with the median part of the outer sides pro-

188 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

duced in a very sharp triangular pluri-tuberculated spine ; elytra

very convex, sub-globose, moderately retuse behind, with three

rows on each side of well-developed and somewhat sharp tubercles,

and two intermediate ones smaller and blunter in the intervals, the

first one running alongside the suture from the base almost to the

apex, the second stopping short of the posterior declivity,

lateral part with three or four series of blunter tubercles ;

the intervals are sub-foveate and squamose, the squame are

denser on the median part, where they form a distinct, more or less

sinuate, small pale yellow patch on each side of the suture;

legs thick, bristly. Uength 14, width 8 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

B. effertus, n. sp.

Black, densely covered with ochraceous scales ; rostrum long,

dilated triangularly towards the apex, separated from the head by

a deep groove, and constricted below this groove and at a little

distance from it, deeply foveate in the basal part, hardly so in the

apical; head small, eyes elongate-ovate, depressed ; prothorax

sharply aculeate laterally in the middle, set on the disk with round,

flattened tubercles, grooved in the median part from apex to base,

the anterior part of the groove broad, deep, and limited by two

rounded, tuberculated ridges, one on each side; elytra very convex,

obovate, moderately retuse behind, and having on each side,

besides a juxta-sutural one, four regular series of rounded,

flattened, denuded tubercles, those of the alternate series much

larger than the others, sides with several rows of smaller, regularly

disposed tubercles, and all the intervals densely clothed with

ochraceous scales ; legs moderately thick, not very bristly, supra-

apical end of femora ringed with lighter ochraceous scales,

Length (rostrum excluded) 25, width 19 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salisbury).

Allied to B. natalensis, B. brevicostatus, Fahr., ete.

ATTELABIDES.

Gen. ArreLasus, Linn.

A. carneolus, n. sp.

Light testaceous-red with a fleshy tinge, glabrous ; antenne

shorter than the head, black, with the two basal joints red ; head

plicate transversely, grooved longitudinally from the vertex to

Coleoptera from South Africa. 189

the base, and having a short, curved groove above each eye ;

rostrum much shorter than the head, dilated at the apex and

closely punctured ; prothorax elongate, very much attenuated in

the anterior part, truncate and deeply grooved transversely at

both ends, roughly plicate transversely and having a broad, lateral

black band ; scutellum sub-triangular, edged by a rounded, con-

spicuous ridge ; elytra much broader than the prothorax, parallel,

but very convex, although a little depressed in the anterior part,

costate, with the second and fourth coste more raised than the

others and reaching the base, intervals closely foveate ; they are of

the same colour as the head and prothorax, but have a transverse

darker median band extending from side to side, and ascending

the suture a little, and a lateral black band reaching from the

humeral angle to about the middle ; sides of the meso- and meta-

sternum witha lateral flavescent pubescent patch ; abdomen closely

punctured ; legs strong, femora without spine, tibie serrulate

inwardly. Length (rostrum excluded) 7, width 3} mm,

Hab. Natal (Durban).

Gen. ApopERus, Oliv.

A. gentilis, n. sp.

Head, prothorax, pygidium and underside vermilion-red ; an-

tenn and legs flavescent ; labrum edged with black ; head smooth,

slightly grooved in the median part of the apex ; prothorax quite

smooth and with a small lateral black dot ; elytra flavescent, with a

black basal transverse band and a somewhat sinuate supra-apical

one, faintly seriate-punctate, and with two round basal coste

disappearing before they reach the median part. Length 5,

width 23 mm.

Hab, YZambezia (Salisbury).

With the exception of Huretus awrivillii, Sternotomis

mozambica, Tragocephala rikatle, and the seven species

of Paussus, the types of the insects described are con-

tained in the South African Museum.

VIII. Descriptions of New Scolytide from the Indo-

Malayan and Austro-Malayan Regions. By

Watter FF. H. Buanprorp, M.A., F.Z.S.

[Read March 18th, 1896.]

The purport of this paper is to describe some of the

more important unrecognized species of Scolytidee from

the Tropical Old World, which are in my collection,

Thirty-three new species are distinguished, and of these

about half were collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace during

his travels in the Malay Archipelago. It is greatly to be

regretted that his collections of this family, to which he

paid some attention, have been broken up before any

opportunity offered of their being dealt with as a whole.

The Platypodinz were, it is true, described by

Chapuis, and form no small part of the Old World

species enumerated in his memoir, but the collections of

the remaining subfamilies have been scattered, and I have

been able to examine only the small number of speci-

mens which passed into the possession of the late Mr.

Wilson Saunders, and subsequently of myself. No

attempt has been made to give an exhaustive account of

that material. Some examples, especially of doubtful

genera, are in an unfit state for critical examination ;

while species of Cryphalus and Hypothenemus are best

dealt with when reviewing those genera, or any con-

siderable section of them, en masse.

The wide range of the forms described, from Southern

India to New Guinea, is to be justified partly by the

homogeneous character, so far as is known, of the

Scolytid fauna of the Hastern Tropics, partly by the fact

that considerable collections of these insects are rarely

made, and any attempt rigidly to confine descriptive papers

to the fauna of limited regions must necessarily result

in the multiplication of small papers, cuntaining each

descriptions of a very few species, which, though often

necessary, are certainly inconvenient.

Among the more interesting novelties, attention may

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND., 1896.— Part 11. (JUNE).

192 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

be called to Platypus philippinensis, Scolyto-platypus

eutomoides, Tomicus perexiquus, Xyleborus colossus, X.

globus, X. scabripennis, X.arcticollis, and X. spatulatus,

all of which present considerable differences from any of

their known congeners.

Crossotarsus cavifrons, sp. n.

Mas. Elongatus, badius, elytris apice infuscatis ; fronte opaca,

medio impressa ; prothorace oblongo, sparsim punctato, punctis in

lateribus sulci aggregatis ; elytris punctato-striatis, ad apicem

declivibus, pilosis, angulis postero-lateralibus productis, depressione

terminali lunata, subtus juxta suturam utrinque dentata. Long.

3°6 mm.

Mater. Rather elongate, bright brown, the elytra becoming

gradually blackish towards apex. Front opaque, impunctate save

towards the vertex, with a median impression, longitudinally

sulcate from the vertex to the middle, its sides subcallose opposite

the antennal insertion ; vertex irregularly punctate on either side

of the median striga and laterally with one or two deep pits.

Prothorax a third longer than broad, scantily and irregularly

punctate, with a series of deep points along the apical margin,

impunctate over the median area anterior to the long and fine

sulcus, which has one or two lines of aggregated but not pore-like

punctures on either side of its anterior half. Elytra punctate-

striate, the striz impressed as usual at the base, interstices flat

throughout, the first and alternate interstices with an irregular

single series of finer punctures from the base, the others im-

punctate ; apical fourth gradually declivous, convex, coarsely and

irregularly punctate and shortly setose, not striate or granulate ;

postero-lateral angles produced downwards and backwards, acute,

terminal impression lunate, concave, its lower margin with a tooth

on each side external to the apex of the suture.

Hab. Gilolo (Wallace).

Two examples. Although the Platypodinz collected

by Wallace were described by Chapuis, the present form

appears, for some reason, to have been overlooked ; all

my other specimens from the Wilson Saunders collection

have passed through Chapuis’s hands and bear his labels.

It is quite probable that the species here described is

no more than the other sex of C. indomitus, Chap., taken

by Wallace in the neighbouring island of Morty. What

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 193

has become of the type of that insect I do not know, but

without it association of the two forms as sexes is im-

possib'e. If this conjecture be correct, the male offers

no valid reason for the separation of the species from the

Crossotarsi swbdepressi, as conjectured by Chapuis.

Platypus philippinensis, sp. n.

Mas. Nigro-piceus, nitidus; fronte plana, dense areolato-

punctata ; prothorace oblongo ; elytris versus apicem subangus-

tatis et in processus productis, fortiter punctato-striatis, interstitiis

planis, similibus ; processu utroque ab altero discreto, longo, acuto,

postice producto et inferne curvato, in margine superiore dente

acuto armato. Long. 6°3 mm.

Mae, Pitchy-black, shining, subglabrous. Front flat, rugose

with very close areolate punctures, finer towards the mouth, their

interspaces forming a raised reticulum ; vertex with strong sub-

strigose punctures, the median and lateral smooth spaces evident.

Prothorax a third longer than broad, the sulcus fine, not reaching

the base, the punctuation distinct, sparse, rather closer towards the

middle of the disc but absent along the middle line and the mar-

gins of the sulcus, strong and close in the hind-angles of the

emargination and basal border, but not the apical. Elytra with very

strongly punctured striz, similar at the base, the punctures deep and

subquadrate, isolated before the middle, then more or less confluent,

the apical portions of the striz suleate and curved outwards ; inter-

stices flat, shining, similar throughout, closely punctate at the base,

the alternate interstices alone with aseries of microscopic points

throughout, their apical portions much narrowed and subcostate, the

1st sulcate and split, its outer half curved outwards, the 3rd alone

seriato-punctate ; apices narrowed, produced backwards and some-

what downwards into two long acute processes, separated from each

other by a space nearly as deep as broad and widened from the

fundus to the apex of the processes, their upper border formed by

the conjunction of the outer half of the Ist, and 2nd interstices,

armed about the middle with an acute tooth directed backwards

and inwards, and thence curved downwards, their lower border

continuous with the 8th interstice and sinuate at its junction with

the elytra, their inner face concave, continuous with the declivous

median terminal portion of the elytra, which is internal to the

everted half of the 1st interstice, longitudinally convex and rugose-

Underside and legs concolorous; abdomen depressed, rugosely

punctured.

Hab. Philippine Is.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parT Il. (JUNE.) 15

194. Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

One example. This species differs so much from any

described Platypus as to be referable to no existing

division of the genus. Its nearest affinities seem to be

with the Platypi oxyuri, or perhaps the P. truneati, of

which not much is known. ‘The abdomen is depressed

and ascends somewhat from the base to the apex; but

the species does not appear to possess any relationship

with Crossotarsus, its maxillary structure being that of

anormal Platypus. Its position in the genus will be

much clearer when the opposite sex is known.

Platypus biuncus, sp. 0.

Linearis ; fronte bilineato-punctata et striga media impressa ;

prothorace elongato ; elytris lineato-punctatis. Long. 2°8 mm.

Mas. Fusco-testaceus; elytris posterius infuscatis, ante

apicem constrictis, haud declivibus, depressione postica lunata,

angulis productis, emarginatione longiore quam latiore, haud

dentata, ambitu superiore ad suturam transverso.

Frm. Pallide testacea ; prothorace plaga cribriformi angusta,

elongata, circa sulcum munito ; elytris postice infuscatis, depres-

sione apicali lunata, margine suturali quam margine inferiore

breviore. ,

Linear, the front nearly flat, more shining in the male than the

female, with a short impressed median striga situate between two

longitudinal rows of punctures; vertex dull, without a shining

space, with a few deep punctures. Prothorax a half longer than

broad, the lateral emargination well-marked. Elytra about twice

as long as the prothorax, finely lineato-punctate, the interstices

scarcely visibly punctured.

Maur. Testaceous-brown, the elytra infuscate posteriorly.

Prothoracic sulcus rather long, with a group of 3 to 5 large

punctures on each side of its anterior extremity, remainder of

surface with irregularly mixed large and small punctures, absent

round the hind part of the sulcus, apex and base narrowly stri-

gillate. Elytra constricted before the terminal impression, the

inner rows of punctures stronger, the 2nd, 4th, 6th, interstices

impressed at the base and furnished with one or two granules :

apical impression vertical, irregularly ovate, emarginate below to

the middle, the emargination widening above and deeper than

broad, the fundus biconcave, with prominent margins, transverse

above at the suture, the apical processes produced downwards and

baekwards, closely approximate at the tip, their onter margin sub-

angulate.

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 195

FEMALE. Pale testaceous, the head and apex of the elytra in-

fuscate. Prothorax with a narrow oblong patch of punctures round

the sulcus, a little stronger in front, remainder of surface finely

reticulate and feebly punctate. Elytral rows of punctures very

feeble, 3rd interstice granulate at the base; apical depression

lunate, rounded and not sulcate above, the postero-lateral angles

acute, the inferior margin concave, much longer than the sutural

margin, the fundus subconcave, rugulose and shortly hairy.

Hab. Sumatra, from tobacco (Grouvelle).

In spite of the examples having been found in tobacco-

bales in Paris, there can be no question as to the original

locality of this little species, one of the smallest of the

subfamily. The male is distinguished from P. forficula

and allied species by its size, extreme tenuity, and the

deep apical emargination, which is narrowed at its mouth

by the approximation of the postero-lateral angles. The

female resembles that of P. pallidus, Chap., but is much

more attenuated, and can be separated by the frontal

sculpture.

Scolyto-platypus (T'eeniocerus) raja.

Blandf, Tr. Ent. Soc., 1893, p. 440.

I have had the opportunity of examining a second

specimen of the male from the Hope Collection. The ex-

ample is brownish-black, and is less pilose than the type,

especially on the head, a distinction which may however

depend on differences in the length of life of the speci-

mens; it has the elytral interstices more distinctly

alternate on the declivity, the second being impressed.

The characteristic hairs round the spines are present.

I have been able to examine the prosternum, which

differs decidedly from that of S. mikado, in the chiti-

nous appendages of the prosternal organ. These instead

of being incurved are widely divaricate, straight, and

either abruptly bent inwards at the tip or furnished on

the inner side with a tooth, like the barb of a fish-

hook.

If, as is probable, this curious genus is rich in species,

it is evident that the structure of this male organ of

unknown function is likely to furnish differential charac-

ters of great value, and its careful examination is there-

fore indispensable.

196 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

Scolyto-platypus (Teeniocerus) eutomoides, Sp. n.

Mas. Breviter oblongus, opacus, fusco-ferrugineus, pedibus

testaceis, pube quam brevissima flava pruinosus ; fronte ad oculos

excavata ; prothorace quadrato, angulis posticis acutis, supra rudi,

vermiculato-rugoso ; ita elytris ad basin, sed ab antica tertia parte

convexe subglobose declivibus, late subsulcatis, sulcis lineis cari-

natis postice obliteratis separatis. Long. 3 mm.

Mate. Short, oblong, quite dull, fusco-ferruginous, covered

with extremely short yellow pubescence, imperceptible unless seen

sideways. Front impressed and concave to the eyes, with an

incised line from the vertex to the middle, the pubescence a little

longer round the upper margin but not strong; antennz with the

characters of Twniocerus, brown-testaceous, the club infuscate, not

very elongate, pubescent, with a few long hairs towards the tip.

Prothorax quadrate, broader than long, the lateral emargination of

the sides scarcely present, the hind-angles acute, prominent and

directed outwards, apical border very obtusely rounded, with no

median emargination; surface dull and finely scabrous with an

irregular corroded sculpture. Scutellum absent. Elytra a very

little wider than the prothorax at its base and scarcely longer,

subtruncate at the base, with very finely elevated margins, the

shoulders rectangular, but somewhat rounded, the sides exactly

parallel, the apex rather obtusely rounded ; surface cylindrical for

rather less than the basal third and sculptured like the prothorax,

then declivous and convex, the declivity subspherically rounded,

its upper half with six very shallow wide rough sulci, separated by

fine carinate lines, obsolete behind, the lower half uniformly

roughened. Underside concolorous, shortly pubescent, the abdo-

men dull and rugulose, with the first two segments completely

connate ; anterior flexed surface of the prothorax wide, proster-

num with a raised carina crossing the flexed surface and becoming

more elevated at the tip, below which the anterior margin is pro-

duced forwards, at its extremity are two short obliquely placed

lobes, subquadrate, with the outer apical angle rounded and the

inner acute, Anterior coxe with a pencil of very long thick

yellow hairs; anterior tibie coarsely scabrous externally, middle

and posterior tibiz slender ; tarsi slender, elongate, somewhat less

so than in S. mikado.

Hab. Celebes.

The colour, which is perhaps that of a somewhat

immature example, and sculpture give the insect a

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 197

certain resemblance to the species of Hutomus or Rhipid-

andrus ; the main structural characters agree well with

those of S. mikado, Blandf. I have received two

specimens from Mr. O. E. Janson.

Hylesinus wallacer, sp. n.

Mas. Oblongo-ovalis, nigro-piceus, opacus ; fronte impressa ;

prothorace grosse foveolato-punctato, apice et angulis anticis tuber-

culatis ; elytris crenato-striatis, interstitiis uniseriatim, ad basin

modo subirregulariter tuberculatis, et quam minutissime setosis,

Long. 4°2 mm.

Mate. Oblong-cval. Head black, opaque, front and rostrum

widely impressed, subnitid, punctured and with a few minute

appressed hairs; mouth reddish ; antenne brown-testaceous, the

club elongate. Prothorax moderately transverse, widest about the

base, the hind-angles rounded, the sides gently and regularly

incurved to the apex ; surface regularly and not strongly convex,

piceous-black, opaque, subglabrous, with large deep foveolate

punctures, close and in parts confluent; median impunctate line

finely elevated behind, anterior margin with a row of tubercles,

larger on the apical angles, the sides submuricate. Scutellum

convex, transverse. Elytra twice as long as the prothorax, wider

at the base, their basal margins crenate and elevated but not

strongly rounded, the sides curved throughout, obliquely behind

the middle ; the apex not conjointly rounded ; surface piceous,

with strong crenately punctured striz ; interstices convex, unise-

riately tuberculate, the tubercles stronger, closer and transverse at

the base, smaller and rounder on the declivity, apex of the 2nd

interstice a little depressed ; elytral pubescence subsquamous, very

short and difficult to observe.

Hab. Mysol (Wallace).

Hylesinus despectus, Walk.

I must refer to this Ceylonese species, with which I

have previously identified H. scobipennis, Chap., four

examples taken by Wallace, in Sarawak, Celebes,

Batchian, and Dorey in New Guinea, respectively.

The specimens show some differences, both in the depth

of the thoracic punctuation and the shape of the pro-

thorax, which, in all, except the Batchian example, is

somewhat trapezoidal, with a rather distinct muricate

198 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

tubercle at the anterior angles. In the absence of long

series, it can only be said that there are no ‘present

reasons for doubting the substantial identity of all these

forms ; the differences in the shape of the prothorax

appear to be sexual, the trapezoidal shape existing in the

female, although the New Guinea example, apparently a

male, as its front is impressed, offers some difficulty

towards the acceptance of this supposition.

Phleosinus cribratus, sp. 0.

Fem. (?) Oblongo-obovata, picea, antennis pedibusque rufescen-

tibus ; prothorace semielliptico, subglabro, subnitido, fortiter

punctato, linea media subelevata levi; elytris crenato-striatis,

interstitiis transverse rugosis, in declivitate, 2° , 4°exceptis, seriato-

tuberculatis et brevissime setosis. Long. 2 mm.

Fremar. (2). Oblong-obovate. Head pitchy-black, the front

shining, rather strongly but not rugosely punctured, above convex,

with a median tubercle, impressed below and smoother, scantily

and shortly hairy, the mouth with a very short yellowish fringe ;

eyes bipartite, the emargination just reaching the posterior border

of the eye; antenne yellow-testaceous, normal, the club finely

and closely pubescent. Prothorax as long as broad, narrowed from

the base, the sides and apex rounded in a conjoint ellipse, the basal

border bisinuate, forming an obtuse angle in the middle ; surface

reddish piceous, shining, subglabrous, strongly but not rugosely

punctate, the median line smooth, subelevated. Elytra a little

wider than the prothorax, and three-fourths longer, their basal

margins oblique, narrowly elevated and crenate, the sides sinuate

and subampliated behind, the apex broadly rounded; surface

piceous, reddish posteriorly, crenate-striate, the striée deep but not

wide, subequal throughout, interstices subconvex, more strongly on

the declivity, closely and transversely rugulose, with very short uni-

seriate squamiform bristles (probably from base to apex in fresh

examples), and behind the middle with small uniseriate tubercles,

absent towards the apex of the 2nd and 4th interstices, the bristles

irregularly biseriate on the apex of the other interstices. Under-

side and legs rufescent ; 3rd tarsal joint simple.

Hab. Sumatra, from tobacco (Grouvelle).

The nearest ally of this species appears to be P. detersus,

Chap., from Ceylon, which is very much larger, with

the prothorax more finely and remotely punctate, the

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 199

interstices less closely rugose, and much more shining.

The complete division of the eyes in P. cribratus is

remarkable, but is not of sufficient importance to indicate

generic separation.

Phlewosinus vilis, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovalis, subdepressus, piceus, elytris rufescentibus, pro-

thorace longitudine paullo breviore, antice constricto, apice sat late

rotundato, dorso punctato, linea media et plaga in utroque latere

levibus ; elytris punctato-striatis, interstitiis rugis transversis et

setis brevibus uniseriatim ornatis, in declivitate tuberculatis.

Long. 1°5-1°6 mm.

Mas. Fronte impressa.

Oblong oval, somewhat depressed. Head black, rugulose,

subnitid, very shortly pubescent ; front (¢) with a not sharply-

defined circular impression ; front (Q ) subconvex ; eyes narrow,

deeply emarginate: antennz brown-testaceous, the club oval,

‘not elongate. Prothorax rather broader than long, widest at

the base and constricted towards the apex, the sides slightly

rounded behind and sinuate in front the apex rather broadly

and obtusely rounded, the. base bisinuate, but scarcely pro-

duced backwards in the middle; surface piceous, lighter at

apex, moderately shining, subglabrous, strongly punctured, the

median line smooth, subelevated throughout, on either side be-

hind the middle is a subelevated impunctate oblong space externa!

to a shallow impression. Scutellum small, rounded, black.

Elytra as wide as the prothorax, and fully one-half longer,

their basal margins rounded internally, nearly transverse exter-

nally, narrowly raised and crenate, the sides parallel, the apex

broadly rounded ; surface piceous-red, finely punctate-striate, the

interstices narrow, subconvex, with uniseriate very short bristles

and transverse raised ruge, weaker at the base, tuberculiform on

the declivity (a little more strongly in the male), and absent at the

apex of the second interstice, which is smoother and flatter in the

male. Underside piceous, moderately strongly punctured ; legs

brown, the 3rd tarsal joint simple.

Hab. Sumatra, from tobacco (Grouvelle).

I have received, from the same source, four or five

specimens of this insect, one of the smallest species of

the genus and of the Hylesinides. It is unusual in the

genus to meet with so little sexual difference in the

structure of the elytral apex.

200 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

CRYPTARTHRUM, g. n.

Cryphalo affine, discedens prothoracis basi et angulis posticis

marginatis, dorso haud evidenter asperato: tarsorum articulo

1° minuto, 2° majore, compresso, 3° parvo.

Head concealed, notrostrate. Eyes oval,emarginate. Antenne

with very short 4-jointed funiculus, the three distal joints trans-

verse, widened apically, club ovate, compressed, the sutures curved

on the inner, straight on the outer face, and ciliate. Prothorax

short, much narrowed in front and obtusely subacuminate at apex,

the hind-angles and base finely margined, surface without evident

asperities. Elytra not overlapping the prothorax at base. Anterior

cox contiguous, the prosternal process short. Anterior tibiz

widened from base to apex, and obliquely truncate, the upper mar-

gin sinuate, obsoletely toothed ; middle and posterior tibiz with

the upper margin rounded, serrate. Tarsi short, the 1st joint very

small, the 2nd rather large, compressed and trigonate, the 3rd small,

the apical joint not so long as the preceding.

The single species more nearly resembles a Cryphalus

than the species of any other genus. The available

examples were too few to permit of dissection, and the

examination of the tarsal joints proved unexpectedly

difficult, as the underside and legs were matted together

with some adhesive substance. probably derived from the

food-plant.

Cryptarthrum walkeri, sp. n.

Breviter oblongo-ovale, opacum, pallide fusco-testaceum, pilis

brevibus flavo-cinereis vestitum, antennis et pedibus testaceo-ferru-

gineis; prothorace alutaceo-ruguloso, anterius obsolete granulate ;

elytris dense multipunctatis et seriatim setosis. Long. 1°4-1°6 mm.

Short oblong-oval, pale fusco-testaceous, dull, with short

moderately close cinereous-yellow pubescence mingled with

longer sete. Front darker, impressed, rugulose, thinly hairy ;

antenne pale ferruginous. Prothorax a half broader than long,

subbisinuate and finely margined at the base, the margin continued

along the subacute hind-angles to the middle of the sides, the latter

rounded throughout, strongly incurved and constricted anteriorly,

so that the apex appears obtusely angulate in the middle ; surface

uniformly and not strongly convex from base to apex, alutaceous,

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 201

with close rugulose punctuation, and towards the apex with minute

scattered granules, the anterior margin crenate, pubescence decum-

bent except for the scattered sete, and partly concealing the sculp-

ture. Scutellum scarcely distinguishable. Elytra closely applied at

base to the prothorax, as wide and about a third longer, the sides

gently rounded towards the base, more strongly behind, apex

rounded ; surface slightly rounded to the middle, thence more con-

vex and declivous, with very close fine subrugulose punctures,

bearing short decumbent and sometimes squamiform hairs, the

punctures of the striz not separable from those of the interstices,

and with regular uniseriate erect sete. Underside more deeply

infuscate, pubescent. Legs ferruginous.

Hab. Damma I, (J. J. Walker).

Two examples. The British Museum Collection pre-

sumably contains others, as it received the first series of

Mr. Walker’s captures. Mr. Walker informs me that

the insect was found probably in a species of Urostigma

(a genus allied to Ficus); this would account for the

glutinous material which entangled the undersides of the

specimens.

Tomicus perexiguus, sp. 1.

Elongatus, cylindricus, testaceus, rarissime pilosus ; antennarum

clava transverse suborbiculata, suturis subrectis ; prothorace

oblongo, lateribus parallelis, apice rotundato, disco post medium sat

distincte punctato; elytris lineato-punctatis, punctis ad basin

obsoletis, ad apicem profundis dilatatis, interstitiis subimpunctatis,

apice subverticaliter retuso vel excavato, fundo subcirculari,

punctato, infra marginato, supra utrinque bidentato.

Mas. Apice elytrorum excavato, infra elevato-marginato,

superne valide dentato. Long. 19 mm.

Fem. Apice modo retuso-impresso, margine inferiore parum

elevato, dentibus ad tuberculos minutos reductis. Long,

16 mm.

Elongate, narrow, cylindrical, testaceous, moderately shining,

scantily and finely pilose. Front slightly convex, closely and

rugosely punctate over the mouth, subnitid towards vertex

(at least in 2), glabrous, mouth fringed with a few short hairs ;

eyes large, broad oval, little emarginate, coarsely granulate ;

202 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

antenne testaceous yellow, the club suborbicular, broader than

long, with transverse sutures, the basal joint ample, occupying

more than half the surface, corneous on both faces. Prothorax

oblong, parallel-sided behind the middle, slightly narrowed in front,

broadly and strongly rounded at the apex, hind-angles rounded, the

base subbisinuate ; surface feebly elevated before the middle, in

front obliquely and not strongly declivous, asperate with fine

imbricate ruge, stronger in the male, and with a few fine erect

hairs towards the apex, behind cylindrical, slightly impressed on

either side about the middle, moderately shining, with fine but

evident punctuation, absent over the middle line and a spot on

either side, interspaces (¢) smooth, (?) finely reticulate. Scu-

tellum triangular, shining, infuscate. Elytra about as wide as the

prothorax and rather more than a third longer, truncate at base,

with subrectangular shoulders and parallel sides ; surface cylin-

drical, lineato-punctate, the punctures very minute at the base,

eradually becoming large and deep towards the declivity, inter-

stices flat, shining, remotely and microscopically punctate in single

rows, thinly hairy towards the apex, the 2nd and 4th subelevated

behind and furnished each on the margin of the declivity with a

strong acute tooth (@), a small pointed tubercle (Q ); apex (@) not

narrowed, subcircularly excavate, the excavation limited to the

posterior fourth, its fundus concave, shining, very strongly punc-

tured, with a raised crenate lateral and inferior margin ; apex (@ )

narrowed, retuse, with a deeply punctured impression on each side

of the suture, wider below, the sides above callose and bearing

the two tubercles, inferior margin well-defined but little raised.

Underside concolorous, very scantily pubescent ; prosternum with

a distinct antecoxal process; tibiz very slender and weakly-

spiaed.

Hab. Damma I. (J. J. Walker).

Two specimens. Widely separated as this species is

by its minute size from the other members of the genus,

it appears in every respect to be a true T'omicus, and the

male is not unlike an extremely small and elongate

‘T’. erosus, Woll. Though the genus Pityogenes, Bedel,

differs from Tomicus in characters dependent merely on

degradation and small size, this species cannot well be

referred to it. It has a most distinct prosternal process,

and its elytral structure is that of the Onthotomicus

group.

——ee

foot)

Descriptions of New Scolytide.

Dryocetes taprobanus, sp. n.

Oblongus, niger, nigro-piceus vel ferrugineus, subnitidus, longius

pilosus; prothorace subovato, per totum, postice rarius, granulato ;

elytris subtiliter lineato-punctatis, interstitiis uniseriatim setosis,

apice fortiter declivi, subdeplanato. Long. 3-3-8 mm.

Oblong, varying in colour from deep ferruginous to black, usually

black with the elytra piceous, with rather long fine erect fulvous

pubescence. Front subconvex, impressed over the mouth, dull,

closely aciculate below, punctate above, towards the vertex with a

median shining elevation, pubescence moderately thick; eyes

oblong, with a rather shallow emargination ; antennze ferruginous,

the club as in D. autographus. Prothorax a little longer than

broad, forming an incomplete oval, widest about the hinder third,

the sides behind little rounded, and very slightly constricted in

front, base truncate, hind-angles obtuse but not rounded, some-

what distinctly margined above the pleural impréssion; surface

regularly convex from base to apex, pilose with erect hairs and

asperate with elevated granules, weaker behind and replaced along

the hind-margin by punctures, median line smooth, subelevated,

éxtending to the middle. Scutellum rounded trigonate, smooth,

shining. Elytra wider than the prothorax at its base and about a

half longer, exactly truncate at the base, with subrectangular

shoulders, the sides subparallel to the hinder third, thence

obliquely incurved; surface subcylindrical to about the middle,

or somewhat pulvinate, thence obliquely declivous, and convex

above, finely lineato-punctate, the punctures shallow, weaker at

the sides, the two first striz subimpressed, the sutural the more

distinctly, interstices nearly flat, the inner pair very feebly convex,

subnitid, with regular single series of erect hairs arising from

minute elevated points ; declivity flattened from side to side and

weakly impressed on each side of the suture, obsoletely lneato-

punctate, the interstitial hairs a little longer. Underside piceous,

thinly pilose ; legs ferruginous, the tibia stout, dilated towards the

apex, and rather strongly serrate.

Hab. Ceylon (Thwaites: in Mus. Oxon.).

The Hope Collection possesses a good series of the

species, which in size nearly equals X. autographus.

No well-marked sexual differences appear to be

present.

204 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

The three following spezies of Dryoccetes show certain

divergences from the common type of the genus in the

shape of the prothorax, which is less elongate than usual,

being in two of the species nearly semielliptical, and

tends to become gibbous near the base. This form of

prothorax, which approaches that of Xyleborus, 1s not

associated with other marked differences; the mentum

is rather more oblong than usual, and the first joint of

the labial palpi is very large and tumid, as in Xyleborus,

the second and third being quite minute; the maxillary

armature, as is customary in Dryocetes, is spinous and

not setose. This latter point appears decisive as to

lacing the species in the present genus rather than in

iG ai, with which they appear to form an osculant

group. It would be premature to establish a fresh

genus for them without undertaking a_ revisional

examination of the mental structure in other species

of Dryocetes.

Dryocceetes rugatus, sp. n.

Oblongus, niger, parum nitidus, fusco-pilosus, antennis ped-

ibusque ferrugineis ; prothorace vix zque longo quam lato, later-

ibus et apice conjunctim semielliptice rotundatis, dorso subsequaliter

rugoso-asperato ; elytris striato-punctatis, interstitiis rugosis, et

punctis piliferis confertis uni-vel biseriatim munitis, apice fortiter

oblique declivi, retuso, rugoso-punctato. Long. 5 mm.

Oblong, black, little shining, with fine fuscous-yellow pubescence,

the legs and antenne deep ferruginous. Head shortly subrostrate,

the front slightly convex, subnitid, closely and rugosely punctured,

feebly impressed between the eyes, finely carinate over the mouth,

pubescence not dense, rather long, the mouth fringed ; eyes narrow

oblong, flat, anteriorly sinuate; antennal club normal. Prothorax

scarcely as long as broad, widest before the base, the sides and

apex conjointly rounded and a little exceeding a half-ellipse, the

hind-angles obtuse, the base subtruncate ; surface convex from side

to side, declivous but not strongly convex from the basal limb to

the apex, pilose with uniformly scattered hairs, short over the

disc, longer at the sides and apex, and covered with close small im-

bricate asperities, rather weaker behind, the median line smoother

and subelevated from the base to the middle, but very indistinct.

Scutellum rounded triangular, shining. Elytra truncate at the

base, a little wider than the prothorax and not quite double as long,

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 205

the shoulders rounded rectangular, the sides subparallel, narrowed

and incurved behind, the apical margins oblique ; surface cylindri-

cal to the hinder third, thence strongly declivous and subretuse,

punctured in scarcely impressed rows, the sutural row not deeper,

the punctures rather large but not conspicuous, owing to the trans-

verse ruge extending between them on to the interstices, the

latter scarcely convex, with close piliferous punctures or punctiform

elevations, in single series, except on the 3rd and 5th interstices,

where they are irregularly biseriate, the hairs fine and short, longer

at the side-margins ; declivity somewhat flattened, impressed along

the 2nd interstice, dull, rugosely punctured, not more strongly

hairy, or tuberculate. Underside black ; tibiz strongly serrate.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace).

The rugosity of the elytra is a characteristic feature,

and one which renders the details of the sculpture hard

to examine. The head is slightly but still perceptibly

prolonged in front, although the entire absence of any

rostrum is supposed to be one of the distinguishing

features of this and allied genera.

Dryocetus sumatranus, sp. n.

Oblongus, badius, subnitidus, erecte fulvo-setosus ; prothorace

longitudine subbreviore, fere semielliptico, anterius tamen sub-

constricto, dorso ante basin transverse gibbo, per totum aspero,

granulis in parte postica subtilioribus ; elytris punctis magnis

striatis, interstitiis transverse rugulosis alternatim uni- vel irregu-

lariter biseriatim setosis, declivitate obliqua, subretusa, interstitiis

convexioribus, 2° impresso. Long. 5-7 mm.

Oblong, not very shining, testaceous-brown, pilose with rather

strong erect fulvous hairs. Head large, the front oblong, subconvex,

closely and rather strongly punctured, subrugose, with scanty long

pubescence ; eyes oblong-oval, sinuate in front ; antennz yellow-

testaceous, normal, outer face of the club spongy apically, with

nearly straight sutures. Prothorax rather broader than long, widest

just before the base, the sides and apex conjointly rounded, save

for a slight constriction about the anterior third, hind-angles sub-

. rectangular, the base truncate; surface gibbous and elevated into an

obtuse transverse nodus at the hinder fourth, anteriorly convex,

posteriorly declivous from the nodus to the base, thinly pilose,

asperate with close imbricate rugz, finer posteriorly, and granular,

especially towards the middle of the base. Scutellum triangular

206 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

moderately shining. Elytra truncate at the base, rather wider than

the prothorax and twice as long, with rectangular shoulders, the

sides parallel, and not narrowed behind, broadly rounded at the

apex; surface cylindrical to beyond the hinder third, and impressed

along the suture, thence subabruptly declivous, with substriate rows

of large round punctures, separated by transverse elevated rugze

continued across the interstices, the latter slightly convex, moder-

ately shining, with erect hairs, uniseriate on the 2nd and succeeding

alternate interstices, irregularly biseriate on the others ; declivity

oblique, subretuse and flattened, the striz less strongly punctured,

appearing deeper on account of the greater convexity of the

interstices, the sutural interstice being more and the second less

elevated, the hairs arising from elevated points. Underside and

legs testaceous ; the tibiz strongly dentate, the anterior pair

subtruncate at apex, the other pairs rounded.

Hab. Sumatra, Singalang Mts. (Beccari).

My single specimen has an impression along the suture

from near the base to the summit of the declivity, which

is rather more rugose ;-but this is perhaps an individual

feature. ‘The sutural stria is not deeper than the rest,

Dryocetes gravidus, sp. n.

Oblongo-obovatus, subnitidus, fusco-brunneus, breviter pilosus ;

prothorace fere semielliptico, dorso post medium gibbo, toto

granulato, linea media basali levi; elytris sat subtiliter lineato-

punctis, interstitiis planis equaliter irregulariter punctatis, apice

fortiter declivi, juxta suturam subimpresso, interstitio 3° subcon-

vexo. Long. 4°38 mm.

Oblong, widened from the front of the thorax to the hinder

third of the elytra, fuscous-brown, the antennz and legs brown-

testacecus, with short fine fuscous pubescence. Front oblong,

scarcely convex, shining, obsoletely punctate, thinly pilose with

long hairs, above mouth with a fine sharp carina; eyes broad,

oblong-oval, anteriorly emarginate. Prothorax broader than long,

the sides rounded and rather sharply narrowed from before the

base to the apex, the latter more broadly rounded, hind-angles

obtuse, base truncate ; surface gibbous just before the base, the

elevation not markedly transverse, and, together with the apex, of

darker colour, thinly pilose, the marginal hairs longer, and granulate,

the granules weaker along the basal limb, which has an ill-defined

median smooth line extending to the summit of the elevation.

————EEEEEeEeEeEeEeEeEe

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 207

Scutellum rounded triangular, shining. Elytra wider than the

prothorax, and nearly twice as long, truncate at base, the humeral

angles rounded, the sides straight and divergent to the hinder

third, then broadly incurved to the apex, the margins of the latter

somewhat oblique and not conjointly rounded ; surface subnitid>

cylindrico-convex to behind the middle, thence declivous, darker

posteriorly, lineato-punctate, the punctures moderately fine and

not easily distinguishable from those of the almost flat interstices,

which are punctured irregularly in alternate single and double

rows ; apex less flattened than in the preceding species, strongly

declivous, slightly impressed on each side of the suture, obsoletely

punctured, the interstices feebly convex, with minute piliferous

points. Underside concolorous, tibiz strongly serrate.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace).

_ Both my specimens have lost the antennal clubs ; those

of one example disappeared in process of cleaning, but

not before I had been able to observe that they were

of Dryocetes-like character. ‘The shape of the prothorax

is similar to that of D. sumatranus, but the species is

rather more depressed, widened behind, with the hairs

much finer and the punctures on the elytra fine and

ill-marked, so that the surface appears at first sight to

be tolerably closely and confusedly punctate.

Ayleborus colossus, sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, cylindrica, nigro-picea, prothoracis antica parte

et elytrorum basi dilutioribus ; prothorace transverso, lateribus et

apice conjunctim rotundatis, angulis posticis postice productis,

apice medio prominulo, dorso post medium transverso elevato,

postice subopaco, subtiliter granulato ; elytris indistincte lineato-

punctatis, interstitiis multipunctatis, apice oblique excavato-retuso,

retusione per totum elevato-marginata, superne prorsus producta,

longitudinaliter convexa, striato-punctata, interstitio 2° seriato-

tuberculato. Long. 8°5 mm., lat. 4:5 mm.

Frmate. Oblong, cylindrical. Head piceous, front subconvex,

irregularly and subobsoletely punctate, scantily pubescent, epistoma

with a median patch of thick cilia ; eyes large, oblong, emarginate,

coarsely granulate ; antenne ferruginous, the club large, of normal

structure. Prothorax transverse, widest just before the base, the

sides and apex conjointly rounded, the former but slightly behind

the middle, margin of the latter prominent, everted and crenate in

the middle, hind-angles produced backwards, the base bisinuate ;

208 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

surface piceous-black behind, piceous-red in front, with long ful-

vous pubescence round the margins, transversely elevated behind the

middle, the anterior half convex, asperate with elevated transverse

rug, smaller and closer posteriorly, their interspaces with minute

granules, posterior part declivous from the elevation to the base,

subopaque, with fine granules, not close, and obsolete on the hind-

margin, the median line fine, shining, raised and extending to the

elevation. Scutellum small, subtriangular, piceous-black. Elytra

scarcely as wide at base as the prothorax, and one-half longer, their

basal margins slightly curved, the shoulders rounded, the sides

straight and subdivergent, the apical margin subtruncate when

seen from above; surface cylindrical, obliquely retuse at apex,

piceous, lighter towards the base, tolerably shining, remotely

lineato-punctate, the interstices quite flat, finely multipunctate, their

punctures bearing fine fulvous hairs, and subrugose towards the

apex, all the punctuation feeble at the base, and becoming stronger

posteriorly ; apical retuse surface beginning at the basal third, its

margins meeting at an acute angle above, and circularly rounded

below, prominent but not acute, their upper third subtuberculate ;

fundus depressed below the margins, convex from before back-

wards, subnitid, pubescent with decumbent yellowish hairs, striato-

punctate with shallow large punctures, 2nd interstice elevated and

callose, 5-tuberculate, the three superior tubercles strong, conical.

Underside piceous ; legs deep ferruginous, the» tibiz very broad,

strongly rounded and finely serrate on the upper margin ; tarsal

claws toothed at the base.

Hab. New Guinea, Humboldt Bay (Doherty).

This species, of which I have seen no second example,

is by far the largest of the genus, and in bulk of all the

Tomicidee yet known, though it is exceeded slightly in

length by one or two species of Amphicranus, and

perhaps by exceptionaily large individuals of some

species of T’omicus.

Xyleborus globus, sp. n.

Fem. Curta, subovalis, convexa, subnitida, nigra, longe fusco-

pilosa, pedibus testaceis ; prothorace transverso, lateribus postice

subrectis, antice cum apice conjunctim rotundatis, margine

apicali medio bituberculato, dorso postice subasperate punctulato

et in margine medio dense hirto ; elytris semiovalibus a basi ipsa

convexe declivibus, confuse punctatis, post medium perindistincte

striatis. Long 5mm.

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 209

FemMa.Le. Short, convex, black, slightly shining, with long fus-

cous pubescence. Front subconvex, with not very close piliferous

granules, and a median smooth space, epistoma thickly fringed

with yellow cilia; eyes sma'l, emarginate ; antenne ferruginous,

with infuscate club. Prothorax transverse, subbisinuate at base,

the hind-angles subobiuse, the sides feebly rounded to before the

middle, thence broadly rounded with the apex, of which the

margin is prominent and bituberculate in the middle ; surface very

convex, with a small median transverse elevation, in front decli-

vous, asperate, with small granules in the interspaces, behind

cylindric, subnitid, with fine and mostly subasperate punctures,

the median line indistinct, pubescence long, dense round the

margins, the middle of the basal border with a thick fringe of

erect hairs, Scutellum absent. Elytra about as wide as the pro-

thorax and scarcely longer, truncate at base, the humeral angles

obtuse, the sides elliptically rounded to the apex ; surface declivous

and very convex from the base, behind the shoulders with an

indistinct callus indicating the junction of the declivity with the

horizontal portion, which persists at the sides only, irregularly and

finely punctate, the punctures subasperate and bearing long hairs,

the sutural stria and part of the lateral strive just traceable, par-

ticularly towards the apex, which has a raised inferior margin.

Legs testaceous, tibix broad and finely serrate.

Hab. New Guinea, Dorey (Wallace).

In this species the encroachment of the declivous retuse

surface so often found in Xyleborus on to the horizontal

portion of the elytra is carried to its very furthest limits,

the latter being practically nonexistent. Described from

one example; there is another in the British Museum

Collection.

Xyleborus papuanus, sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, cylindrica, nigro-picea, entennis pedibusque fer-

rugineis, subnitida, brevissime sparsim pilosa ; prothorace subglob-

oso, disco medio transverse elevato, postice sat conferte punctato ;

elytris dense irregulariter punctatis, apice retuse declivi, impresso,

immarginato, subtiliter lineato-punctato. Long. 3 mm.

Fremate. Oblong, cylindrical, rather dull, pitchy-black, with

scanty and extremely short greyish pubescence, antenne and legs

ferruginous. Front subconvex, strongly punctate, with an indis-

tinct subelevated median line; eyes moderately large, deeply

emarginate. Prothorax broader than long, nearly globose, the

TRANS. ENT. soc. LOND. 1896.—Pparrir.’ (JuNE.) 14

210 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

sides very slightly rounded behind, strongly rounded in front cou-

jointly with the apex, hind-angles rectangular, scarcely rounded,

base truncate ; surface with a median transverse elevation, convex

and declivous anteriorly with rather fine granular asperation,

posteriorly cylindric, rather strongly punctured, the punctures

deeper and subasperate at the sides, finer towards the middle, the

median line obsolete, the interspaces not very shining. Scutellum

rounded, black, subopaque. Elytra scarcely as wide as the pro-

thorax and one-half longer, truncate at base, the shoulders rounded

subrectangular, the sides subparallel, very slightly convergent

behind and strongly incurved at apex, the hind margin obtusely

rounded ; surface cylindric, subnitid, closely and strongly punc-

tured, the punctures of the striz and interstices indistinguishable

before the middle, apical third strongly but gradually declivous

and subretuse, not margined, subcircularly and weakly impressed,

subopaque, finely lineato-punctate, the interstices with rows of

very fine short hairs springing from minute subasperate points,

and distinguishable before the summit of the declivity. Under-

side piceous, very shortly pubescent.

Hab. New Guinea (Wallace).

One example; easily distinguished by its confusedly

punctate elytra,‘subretuse at the apex, and unarmed.

Xyleborus semirudis, sp. n.

Frm. Oblonga, subcylindrica, ferruginea, parce tenuiter

pilosa; prothorace transverso, apice rotundato, disco medio

transverse elevato, posterius sat nitido, sublevi ; elytris punctato-

striatis ante medium nitidis, post medium opacis, convexe decliv-

ibus, interstitiis uniseriato-granulatis, declivitate infra marginata.

Long. 5 mm.

Femate. Oblong, subcylindrical, bright ferruginous, finely and

very scantily pubescent. Frontal surface slightly flattened, some-

what irregular, scantily punctured at the sides, smooth and

elevated in the middle; eyes small, deeply emarginate. Prothorax

broader than long, the sides scarcely rounded behind the middle,

gradually more strongly rounded and incurved in front, the apex

broadly rounded, hind-angles rectangular, the base transverse ;

surface with a transverse median elevation, in front convex, and

asperate with imbricate rugee, which become weak and very close on

the elevation, behind cylindric and subdeclivous to the base

moderately shining, with minute close reticulation and scattered’

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 201

punctures. Scutellum obtuse triangular, shining. Elytra as wide

as the prothorax and less than a half longer, truncate at base, the

shoulders nearly rectangular, the sides subparallel to near the apex,

then strongly incurved ; surface pulvinate and convex from the

base, obliquely declivous and somewhat less convex behind the

middle, the basal half not deeply punctate-striate, the punctures

shallow and rather large, the sutural stria not impressed, interstices

flat, shining, sabimpunctate, the sutural interstice with a few small

granules ; apical half opaque, less distinctly striate, the interstices

with a single series of rather remote small elevated points ; declivity

acutely carinate below, the carina not crenate, Underside and

legs testaceous.

Hab. Borneo (Wallace).

Allied. to X. semiopacus, Hichh., but differentiated

from it and the following species by the distinct striz

and subimpunctate interstices of the basal half of the

elytra. ‘lhe prothorax is rather obtuse at the apex, and

thus approximates somewhat in shape to that of X. validus,

Hichh. One example.

Xyleborus semigranosus, sp. u.

Fem. Oblonga, subnitida, rufo-ferruginea, prothorace sque

longo quam lato, lateribus leniter, apice fortius rotundato, disco

obtuse transverse gibbo, post medium subtiliter punctato; elytris

prothorace vix tertia parte longioribus, ante medium subtiliter

quasi confuse punctatis, post medium convexe declivibus, opacis,

granulatis et erecte seriato-pilosis. Long. 2-4 mm.

FemaLe. Oblong, slightly shining, ferruginous-red, rather

darker posteriorly. Front subconvex, subnitid, rather strongly

punctured, thinly hairy, the mouth fringed with pale hairs; eyes

oval, emarginate, tolerably large ; antennz pale testaceous. Pro-

thorax as long as broad, strongly rounded at the apex, the sides

very slightly curved and subparallel from the middle to the base,

hind-angles obtuse but not rounded, the base truncate ; surface

with a very slight median transverse elevation, scantily but

uniformly pubescent with fine hairs, in front convexly declivous,

with granular asperities, somewhat irregular and scattered towards

the apical margin, behind the middle cylindrico-convex, subnitid,

finely but evidently punctured, the punctures stronger over the

middle portiou, median smooth line absent. Scutellum triangular,

PD) _) Mer Walter 2: H. Blandford’s

infuscate, shining. Elytra as wide as the prothorax and about a

third longer, with truncate base, and rounded rectangular shoulders,

the sides parallel, abruptly inflexed at apex, the apical margins

sharply bordered below and forming an obtuse angle with each

other when seen from above ; surface pulvinate-convex from base

to apex, before the middle subnitid, very finely and apparently

confusedly punctate, the seriate and interstitial punctures being

similar ; declivity beginning before the middle, somewhat depressed,

opaque, without evident striation, very closely and finely granulate,

and set with single series of rather long upstanding hairs. Under-

side rather darker ; legs brown-testaccous, the tibiz rounded above

and finely serrate.

Hab. Sumatra, from tobacco (Grouvelle).

A near ally of X. semiopacus, Kichh., which it closely

resembles in colour and sculpture. It is a rather smaller

insect, and is best distinguished by the much shorter

elytra, which are barely one-third longer than the pro-

thorax, and present, when viewed from the side, a

uniform dorsal curvature from base to tip; im X. semi-

opacus the elytra are rather more than a half longer than

the prothorax, and are nearly cylindrical to behind the

middle, and not uniformly curved from base to apex. In

X. semigranosus the prothorax is longer in proportion to

its width, and is less ample before the middle; the

elytral punctuation is finer and the traces of the strie

are even more indistinct than in its congener. My

type has a short impressed line on the base of the pro-

thorax anterior to the scutellum, but this may be an indi-

vidual characteristic.

Xyleborus fraternus, sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, picea, pedibus antennisque pallide testaceis,

parce pilosa; prothorace late semi-elliptico, lateribus postice

leniter rotundatis, dorso gibbo, posterius subleyi ; elytris striato-

punctatis, interstitiis uniseriatim setosis, in declivitate obliqua,

infra acute marginata, seriato-tuberculatis. Long. 2°7mm.

FremMaLr. Oblong, piceous (perhaps black when mature), mode-

rately shining, scantily hairy, the antenna and legs pale testaceous-

yellow. Head subconvex in front, rather sparsely and strongly

punctured, with a supraoral shining median elevated space, hairs

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 215

scanty ; eyes oval, emarginate. Prothorex a Jittle broader than

long, widest at the base, the sides rounded in a gradually-

increasing curve from the base to the apex, the apical margin

broadly rounded and erenate, hind-angles slightly obtuse, the base

subtruncate ; surface convex, with an obtuse post-median transverse

gibbosity, strongly declivous in front, and asperate with imbricate

rug, behind subnitid, obsoletely punctured, obliquely impressed

within the hind-angles. Elytra as wide as the prothorax and

scarcely a half longer, with subrectangular shoulders, parallel-

sided to the middle, slightly narrowed behind, broadly rounded and

sharply margined at apex; surface convex from base to apex,

punctured in subimpressed rows, interstices transversely rugulose,

With seriate hairs from the base to the apex, arising from small

points, elevated and tuberculiform on the posterior declivous

portion.

Hab. Ceylon (G. Lewis).

Intimately allied to X. fornicatus, from which at first

I was unable to separate it. Having now seen both the

type and a long series of tke latter species, I am able

to distinguish between them. ‘The present species is

rather larger and broader than its ally, with the elytra

relatively rather shorter; the prothorax is widest at the

base, and the sides quite regularly rounded to the apex,

while in X. fornicatus the thorax is as wide at the

anterior third as at the base, and the sides are more

parallel. X. wanthopus, another allied species, has the

elytra relatively longer than those of X. fornicatus, and

the prothorax more nearly orbicular.

Xyleborus fornicatus.

X. fornicatus, ¢, Hichh., Berl. ent. Zeitschr., 1868,

p. 151; Rat. Tom., p. 327.

Mas. Minutus, oblongus, testaceus vel piceo-fuscus, longius

parce pilosus; prothorace transverse quadrato, antice rarius

granulato ; elytris ab antica tertia parte obliquissime declivibus,

striato-punctatis, interstitils seriato-setosis. Long. 1-4 mm.

Mae. Very small, oblong, rather shining, varying from pallid

testaceous to pitchy-fuscous, with long sparse erect sete. Front

somewhat flattened, with an indistinct longitudinal elevation,

shining, obsoletely punctate, scantily hairy ; eyes small, narrow

214 Mr. Walter I’. H. Blandford’s

Prothorax much broader than long, subrectangular, the sides sub-

parallel, the apex very obtusely rounded, hind-angles subrectan-

gular, the base transverse ; surface strongly convex from base to

apex, somewhat flattened in front from side to side, the apical half

with very scattered granules, weaker behind, the basal half finely

reticulate, feebly punctured at the sides only. Elytra as wide as and

nearly a half longer than the prothorax, with gently curved sides,

narrowed behind and broadly rounded at the apex ; surface pul-

vinate, obliquely declivous and somewhat flattened from the

anterior third, at the base lineato-punctate, with scattered pili-

ferous punctures on the interstices ; declivity weakly striate, the

interstices subconvex, with elevated piliferous points. Antenne

and legs light testaceous.

Hab. Ceylon.

I have received a fair series of this species, partly

from the Indian Museum, Calcutta, partly from Mr. HK.

Ernest Green, and have been able to compare the female

with Eichhoff’s stype. ‘The insect has lately made itself

conspicuous in Ceylon as a destroyer of the tea-plant.

Some twigs accompanying the specimens are about a

quarter of an inch in diameter, and show several rami-

fying burrows, similar to those made by X. dispar,

without any very special features. ‘The diameter of the

holes, an important point in diagnosis of these injuries,

is about 1-1-1°2 mm.

Xyleborus pruinosus, sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, cylindrica, subopaca, ferrugineo-picea, capite

et prothoracis apice ferrugineis, opaca, pube brevi appressa sat

dense pruinosa; capite magno, fronte convexa, rudi, punctata,

linea media carinata; prothorace suboblongo, lateribus vix, apice

fortiter rotundato, dorso haud evidenter umbonato, postice sub-

tilissime punctulato; elytris quasi confuse punctatis et granulis

minutis elevatis posterius magis distinctis aspersis, apice convexe

declivi. Long. 4 mm.

FremMALE. Oblong, cylindrical, rather dull, entirely covered with

very short fine appressed hairs. Head large, obscure ferruginous,

dull, convex in front, ragulosely punctured, with a fine sharp

median carina not reaching the mouth, epistoma thickly fringed ;

eyes small, deeply emarginate ; antennz fusco-ferruginous. Pro-

thorax a little longer than broad, broadly rounded and subbisinuate

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 215

in front, the apical margin crenate and everted but not projecting,

the sides scarcely rounded behind the middle, hind-angles sub-

obtuse but not rounded, the base transverse ; surface cylindrical

behind the middle, declivous and convex in front but with no

evident gibbosity at the junction, reddish-pitchy, lighter anteriorly,

uniformly pubescent, with a few erect hairs round the margins,

the anterior half asperate with small scattered transverse ruge,

intermixed with granules, the posterior half very finely and rather

closely punctured, with no evident median line. Scutellum rounded,

subconvex, shining, black. Elytra scarcely as wide as the pro-

thorax and less than a half longer, truncate at base, the shoulders

rounded, the sides subparallel, rounded and inflexed behind the

middle, the apical margins oblique and not conjointly rounded ;

surface convex from base to apex, rather strongly declivous behind

the middle, piceous, with short appressed cinereous hairs, closely

punctured and except over the basal third covered with scattered

granules (with microscopic examination only, the punctures of the

true striz can just be differentiated from those of the interstices) ;

declivity not acutely margined below, convex, very faintly striate.

Underside piceo-ferruginous, pubescent ; legs brown-testaceous. all

the tibiz rounded and finely serrate above.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace).

Hyidently related to X. pelliculosus, Kichh., and like

that insect, with the prothorax of the type of his

Division III. X. pruinosus is a much larger and

stouter insect, differently proportioned, with the elytra

pulvinate, more strongly punctate as well as granulate,

and not impressed at apex.

Xyleborus puberulus, sp. un.

Fem. Oblonga, cylindrica, fusco-picea, subopaca, pube brevi

vestita; fronte haud carinata; prothorace manifeste oblongo,

apice rotundato, lateribus postice rectis, dorso antice dilutiore,

postice subtiliter punctulato ; elytris prothorace vix longioribus,

indistinctissime striatis, interstitiis mox pone basin granulis

elevatis sine ordine instructis, apice fortiter declivi, haud impresso.

Long. 2°3 mm.

Fremaue. Oblong, cylindrical, Aull, clothed with short rather

dense pubescence, relatively longer than in X. pruinosus. Head

pitchy, front subconvex, dull, shortly hairy, not evidently punctate,

not carinate ; eyes moderate, deeply emarginate ; antenne testa-

216 Mr. Walter I’. H. Blandford’s

ceous. Prothorax manifestly oblong, strongly rounded behind,

parallel-sided from before the middle to the base, the latter trun-

cate, the hind-angles rounded, anterior opening bisinuate ; surface

with a very indistinct ante-median transverse elevation, in front

convex, declivous, fusco-ferruginous, finely granulate-asperate,

behind cylindric, subopaque, alutaceous, feebly and’ scantily punc-

tured, Scutellum large, rounded oblong, black, subrugulose.

Elytra as wide as but scarcely longer than the prothorax, parallel-

sided, the apical margins oblique, and scarcely conjointly rounded ;

surface cylindric, strongly declivous for the hinder fourth, fusco-

piceous, the base and apex obscure reddish, pilose and very faintly

striate, the punctures of the striz visible at the base in the sub-

stance, the interstices at the base subnitid, rugulose and multi-

punctate, thence covered with elevated granules and quite opaque ;

declivity subconvex, not impressed, dull, not sharply margined

beneath. Underside concolorous, pubescent, legs brown-testaceous,

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace).

A very much smaller insect than X. pruinosus, with

the elytra only about as long as the more elongate

prothorax, and much rougher with elevated granules.

Xyleborus scabripennis, sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, cylindrica, subopaca, nigra, capite, prothoracis

apice, elytrorum declivitate obscure rufescentibus, pedibus fusco-

testaceis, breviter pilosa; prothorace latitudine longiore, apice

rotundato, disco haud umbonato, antice convexo, postice cylindrico,

ad basin obscure nitido, sublevi; elytris brevibus, subsulcatis,

interstitiis ad basin subnitidis, ad medium grosse granulato-tuber-

culatis, declivitate obliqua, retusa, dense subtiliter seriato-granulata

et breviter pilosa. Long. 2°3 mm.

FreMALe. Oblong, rather short, cylindrical. Head large, deep

fuscous, the front black, convex, with short hairs arising from small

asperate granules, and with a fine median carina, mouth fringed ;

eyes not large, oblong, deeply emarginate ; antenne brown-

testaceous, the funiculus short, the club orbicular, normal. Pro-

thorax a little longer than broad, the sides and apex rounded, the

former very slightly behind the anterior third, the hind-angles

rounded, the base truncate ; surface declivous before the middle,

cylindrical behind, with no evident median nodus, black, the apex

rufescent, very finely and shortly pilose, in front with small

granular asperities, fine and rugulose over the median third, the

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 217

basal portion obscurely shining, closely reticulate, obsoletely

punctate. Scutellum large, rounded triangular, black, rugose.

Elytra about as wide as the prothorax, and only one-fifth longer,

truncate at base, with subrectangular shoulders, the sides parallel,

abruptly inflexed behind, the apical margins obtuse and scarcely

conjointly rounded when seen from above ; surface cylindrical for

a little more than the anterior half, then strongly but obliquely

declivous and subretuse, black, the declivity obscurely reddish,

above subsulcate, the sulci obliterated at the base, evident towards

the declivity, interstices subnitid at the base, finely multipunctate,

then uniseriate-tuberculate and shortly pilose, the tubercles close,

the four or five preceding the declivity being strong, erect, and

spinous ; the latter slightly convex, dull, closely but more finely

seriato-granulate, the rows of granules separated by sulci, and

pilose with short hairs, not sharply margined below. Underside

piceous, thinly hairy, the abdomen with strong rugose punctuation;

legs brown-testaceous, the tibiw slender, curved, and finely serrate

above.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace); Sumatra, from

tobacco (Grouvelle).

The shape of the prothorax differs a little in my two

examples, being more uniformly curved from base to apex

in that fron: Borneo, whereas the Sumatra specimen has

a slight apical constriction. The species, though quite

peculiar in sculpture for a Xyleborus, and somewhat sug-

gesting a Hylocwrus, is normal in generic characters, and

is related to X. puberulus, of which the elytral sculpture

is destitute of the coarse tubercies margining the decli-

vity in the present species.

Xyleborus arcticollis, sp. n.

Mas. Elongatus, subnitidus, tenuiter erecte pilosus, fusco-

ferrugineus ; prothorace valde elongato, post medium constricto,

apice utrinque rotundato, medio leniter emarginato, dorso depresso

ad apicem convexe declivi, antice granulato-asperato, postice sub-

tiliter punctato; elytris prothorace subbrevioribus, subtiliter

confuse punctatis et pilosis, apice convexe declivi obsolete striato.

Long. 4°8 mm.

Mare. Elongate, slightly shining, fusco-ferruginous, thinly

covered with fine erect hairs. Front convex and subpulvinate

over the mouth, closely rugose, carinate along the middle, thinly

hairy, impressed on the middle of the fringed epistoma, above with

218 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

an arcuate impression below the vertex, rather closely punctured,

and with the carina replaced by a non-elevated smooth line ;

vertex opaque, impunctate ; eyes small,’ emarginate ; mandibles

very prominent ; antennz brown-testaceous, normal. Prothorax

fully one-half longer than wide, constricted behind the middle,

thence ampliated, and widest behind the apex, the anterior angles

broadly rounded with the outer parts of the apical margin, which is

almost bilobed, being separately rounded on either side with a very

shallow median indentation, hind-angles broadly rounded, the base

truncate in the middle ; surface moderately convex from side to

side, depressed longitudinally and (in side view) appearing flat

from just before the base to the anterior fourth, where it becomes

declivous and convex, apical margin tuberenlate, the anterior half

asperate with rather coarse granules, and pilose with fine erect

hairs, posterior half moderately uiag. more thinly hairy, weakly

punctured, the punctures closer in front than at the base, which is

somewhat callosely thickened. Scutellum minute. Elytra as wide

as the prothorax, but scarcely so long, subparallel-sided, not

narrowed behind, and broadly rounded at the apex ; cylindrico-

convex to the middle, thence convexly declivous, coriaceous, finely

and confusedly punctured and moderately densely clothed with

fine hairs ; declivity rugulose, obsoletely striate, not margined

below. Coxe and underside, except the abdomen, darker, thinly

hairy ; the latter short. Legs ferruginous, the knees and tibiv

darker ; femora very stout, inflated ; tibia rounded externally, the

anterior pair narrow, weakly armed, the remaining pairs dilated in

the middle, and more strongly serrate above ; tarsi very long, the

first three joints somewhat stout and compressed.

Hab. Sumatra, from tobacco (Grouvelle).

This form is one of the most singular among the many

remarkable male forms of the genus. The great length

of the prothorax, and its peculiar shape, are quite

characteristic; its apical indentation is only such as

results from the conjunction of the two curves formed by

the independently rounded sides of the anterior margin,

and there is no dorsal sulcus leading to it. In spite of

its great length, the prothorax is not, as in many males,

produced into a peak in front of the head.

Xyleborus spatulatus, sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, sat lata, haud cylindrica, castanea, pro-

thorace et elytris ad apicem obscurioribus, subnitida, pilis

brevissimis pruinosa ; prothorace transyerso semiovali, dorso

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 219

post medium umbonato, postice dense fortiter punctato ; elytris

a basi pulvinatis, postice gradatim valde oblique declivibus,

lineato-punctatis, interstitiis multipunctatis, declivitate utrinque

late impressa, juxta suturam elevata, ad apicem subexplanata,

subtus marginata. Long. 5-4 mm.

Femate. Oblong, broad and somewhat depressed, not

cylindrical, moderately shining, castaneous-brown, the prothorax

before the discal elevation, the sides and apex of the elytra darker.

Front somewhat flattened, subimpressed on either side over the

mouth, rather strongly punctured, pilose ; eyes not large, reniform ;

antenne testaceous, normal. Prothorax broader than long, semi-oval,

widest behind, the sides and apex conjointly rounded, hind-angles ob-

tusely rounded, the base slightly curved; surface transversely gibbous

behind the middle, strongly convex from side to side, pubescent with

extremely short appressed hairs, anteriorly rough with an admixture

of granules and rather remote larger transverse rugs, posteriorly

closely and strongly punctate witha smooth median line. Scutellum

rather large, rounded trigonate, shining. Elytra wider at the base’

than the prothorax, and nearly double as long, the sides gently

curved throughout, widest behind the base, subangulately inflexed

at apex, the hind-margins obliquely rounded; surface rather

depressed from side to side, convex and pulvinate from the base to

the middle, thence obliquely declivous, rather indistinctly lineato-

punctate, the interstices multipunctate, the punctures bearing

small appressed hairs and a few short erect bristles in irregular

rows ; declivity broadly impressed and subexplanate at apex, with

the suture elevated, the sides of the impression oblique and

somewhat tumid above, and the inferior margin acute, more

clearly striate. Underside testaceous, shining and _ thinly

pubescent, sides of the elytra deeply inflexed towards the apex.

Legs brown-testaceous, the tibize strongly dentate.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace).

The very short and nearly hemispherical prothorax, the

broad and somewhat depressed elytra, and the complete

absence of armature give the insect an appearapce unlike

that of any described species of the genus. I have,

however, dissected the mouth parts of one of my two

examples, and cannot find in them or in other details of

structure, sufficient grounds for its removal. The malar

armature is fine and setiform.

220 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

Xyleborus wallacet, sp. n.

Frm. Elongata, cylindrica, picea vel badia, sat nitida, erecte

setosa ; prothorace subquadrato, dorso post medium gibboso, postice

Prnaenerate punctato ; elytris striato-punctatis, interstitiis planis

per totum alternatim tuberculis piliferis et punctis uniseriatim

instructis, declivitate perobliqua, haud retusa, infra marginata.

Long. 5°5 mm.

Femate. Elongate, cylindrical, bright brown or piceous, rather

shining, with erect scattered long brown hairs. Head impressed

above the mouth on either side, with deep sparse piliferous

punctures and a median elevated line, mouth fringed ; eyes large,

broad oval, emarginate, encroaching on the front, antennz

testaceous. Prothorax subquadrate, not longer than broad, the sides

and apex separately and feebly rounded, the former slightly con-

tracted before the middle, the anterior angles broadly rounded, the

hind-angles subrectangular, the base subtransverse ; dorsal gibbosity

post-median, rounded and not sharply defined, surface with

scanty pubescence at the sides, anteriorly convex, declivous and

asperate with small ruge, fine and close on the gibbosity, posteriorly

subopaque, with fine subasperate punctures, the median line

narrow. Scutellum small, rounded, convex, shining. Elytra as

wide as the prothorax and twice as long, truncate at base, the

shoulders obtuse, the sides parallel, somewhat narrowed towards

the rounded apex ; surface slightly rounded from the base to just

behind the middle, thence very obliquely declivous, striate-punctate,

the punctures rather large, shallow, the striz scarcely impressed,

the interstices shining, flat, with a single uniform series from base

to apex of small setiferous tubercles alternatirg with punctures,

the sete long and erect ; declivity carinate below, very slightly im-

pressed on each side, chiefly over the 2nd interstice, and not

evidently retuse or flattened. Underside concolorous, the legs

somewhat lighter, the anterior tibiz subangulate before the apex,

the others rounded above, and moderately strongly serrate.

Hab. New Guinea, Dorey (Wallace).

The species is remarkably like the Colombian X.

grandis, Hichh. ; but it has the eyes larger, convex, more

strongly granulated and more approximated i in front, the

prothoracic elevation post-median, the elytra more

obliquely declivous, the interstitial seta springing from

tubercles throughout, and the first interstice not nar-

rowed at the apex.

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 22k

Xyleborus destruens, sp. n.

Elongatus, ferrugineus vel piceus, nitidus, parce setosus, pro-

thorace quadrato, elytris striato-punctatis, interstitiis uniseriatim

subtuberculatis et punctatis, declivitate subretusa.

Fem. Quam YX. wallacei minor, subangustior, prothorace dis-

tinctius gibboso, ad basin nitidiore, elytrorum interstitiis rarius

tuberculatis et setosis, declivitate distincte impressa et pcstice

subexplanata. Long 48-5 mm.

Mas. Brevior, robustior; prothoracis lateribus et angulis

anticis distinctius rotundatis, Gorso ante umbonem subdepresso et

obsoletius asperato; elytris profundius striatis, striis juxta

suturam irregularibus rugosis, apice magis retuso.

Long 3:9-4:°3 mm.

Elongate, varying in colour from ferruginous-red to piceous,

shining, scantily hairy, the hairs erect.

FremaLe. Very similar to that of X. wallace’, smaller and

narrower. Front less impressed over the sides of the mouth, the

median carina less distinct ; eyes smaller, not encroaching so far

on the front. Prothorax just perceptibly longer than broad, the

sides less narrowed in front, the apex somewhat flatter, the

anterior and posterior angles rounded ; discal elevation not post-

median, rather more defined and smoother, the basal half subnitid,

with finer scarcely asperate punctures, weak towards the middle.

Elytra narrower, the punctures of the strix a little larger and

more remote, the interstitial tubercles and punctures much more

remote on the disc, the former feeble on the outer interstices ;

declivity impressed and very slightly concave towards the tip,

very shining.

Mate. Shorter but stouter than the female and more convex.

Median elevation of front stronger ; eyes very small, with only

4 or 5 ommatidia at their greatest width. Prothorax much more

ample, broader than long, the sides more strongly rounded and

gradually incurved in front to the apex, which is transverse in the

middle ; discal elevation situate farther back, less defined, surface

depressed in front from the elevation to the apex but still convex,

with finer asperation and an irregular smooth median line,

posteriorly longitudinally convex, impressed on either side between

the elevation and the hind-angles, more shining. Elytra shorter,

but variable in length, narrower than the prothorax, more convex,

more strongly punctate-striate, the interstices subconvex ; surface

222, Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

with an irregular shallow sutural impression beginning behind the

base, rugulose, infuscate and more strongly tuberculate ; declivity

more retuse, beginning subabruptly above, shining, irregular, more

obsoletely sculptured.

Hab. Gilolo (Wallace) ; Java.

I have received a good series from Java, where this

species, in association with Glenea novemguttata, Cast.,

and a species of Helopeltis has inflicted very grave

damage to cacao-plantations.

Xyleborus andamanensis. sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, subnitida, nigro-picea, parce pilosa ; prothorace

subquadrato, lateribus et apice leniter singulatim rotundatis, dorso

gibboso, postice sublevi; elytris dilutioribus, lineato-punctatis,

interstitiis planis, seriato-setosis, declivitate perobliqua, subopaca,

subtus acute marginata, striata, striis ad apicem sinuatis, inter-

stitiis granulis elevatis parvis zqualiter notatis. Long 3 mm.

Fematre. Oblong, moderately shining, scantily hairy, deep

piceous, the head and elytra somewhat hghter. Front convex,

strongly punctured, impressed on either side over the mouth, the

impressions separated by a median raised line; eyes oblong,

deeply emarginate; antenne brown-testaceous, Prothorax as

broad as long, subquadrate but with the sides and apex evidently,

though slightly, and the anterior angles more strongly rounded,

hind-angles obtuse, the base subtruncate ; surface transversely

gibbous in the middle, anteriorly rather finely granulate-asperate,

posteriorly moderately shining, finely reticulate, and obsoletely

punctured. Scutellum triangular, subnitid, longitudinally im-

pressed. Elytra scarcely as wide as the prothorax and less than a

half longer, subparallel-sided, strongly rounded at the apex, its

margin acute and subexplanate ; surface cylindrico-convex to the

middle, thence obliquely declivous, lineato-punctate, with very

shallow variolose punctures, interstices flat, rugulose, with uni-

seriate erect hairs arising from small points, which become elevated

before the middle, declivity convex, subopaque, with feeble striz

towards the apex, the Ist somewhat impressed, the others sinuate

outwards, interstices with uniform rows of small granules, obsolete

towards the tip of the 1st interstice.

Mi dae i!

Hab. Andaman Is.

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 223

About the shape of X. intevjectus, Blandf., but smaller,

with the prothorax less narrowed towards the apex,

though as evidently rounded in front; the elytral

sculpture is characteristic and resembles somewhat that

of X. seminitens, Blandf., which species has not a sub-

quadrate prothorax.

Xyleborus submarginatus, sp. n.

Fem. Elongata, nitida, ferruginea, elytris versus apicem plus

minusve infuscatis; prothorace oblongo, lateribus postice sub-

parallelis, apice obtuse rotunddto, inde,subquadrato, dorso medio

nodoso, postice nitido, obsolete punctato ; elytris striato-punctatis,

interstitiis rarius subtilius uniseriatim punctatis et setosis, decliv-

itate obliqua, convexa, opaciore, interstitio 1° dilatato, utrinque

medio tuberculato, et granulis nonnullis ante tuberculum et ad

apicem ornato, interstitio 3° obsoletius granulato, margine inferiore

sat acuto crenato. Long. 2°-4—2°5 mm.

Resembling X. parvulus, Eichh., larger, darker in colour,

the prothorax more parallel-sided and obtusely rounded at

the apex, hence subquadrate. Elytra with the rows of punctures

more distinctly expressed, rather deeper, the punctures themselves

closer, the interstitial punctures finer, the setze longer, declivity less

shining, the Ist interstice with a stronger tooth, preceded by a few

fine granules at the summit of the declivity and one at the apex,

the 2nd interstice with two or three granules at the summit, the

3rd with a series on the declivity, its inferior margin distinctly

acute and crenate.

Hab. India, Belgaum (Andrewes) ; Ceylon (Thwaites,

in Mus. Oxon.) ; Celebes (Wallace) ; New Guinea, Dorey

(Wallace).

This species was referred to by me (Ann. Nat.

Hist. ser. 6, xv., p. 382) as a variety of X. parvulus.

Having since seen the type of that species and series

of both forms from Ceylon, I feel constrained to separate

it by the characters given above. It comes close to

X. dilatatus, Hichh., im many respects, but differs from

the description at least in possessing a prothorax which

is longer rather than shorter than taat of X. parvulus,

224 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

in the stronger dentation of the elytral apex, and in its

decidedly acute and crenate inferior margin; a point in

which, as in the shape of the prothorax, it approaches

the species of Eichhoff’s second division.

Xyleborus subcribrosus, sp. n.

Fem. Subelongata, cylindrica, nitida, castanea, parce longius

pilosa ; prothorace haud transverso, apice rotundato, disco sub-

aequaliter convexo, post medium fortiter punctato, linea media

levi; elytris fortiter lineato-punctatis, interstitiis planis puunctis

piliferis remotis notatis, apice fortiter declivi, impresso et longi-

tudinaliter concavo, pernitido, lineato-punctato, interstitiis preeecipue

in parte superiore subtiliter seriato-tuberculatis. Long. 3°4 mm.

FEMALE. Subelongate, cylindrical, shining, deep castaneous,

with long fine scanty pubescence. Front subconvex, shining and

rugosely punctured towards the mouth, dull towards the vertex,

median line narrow, elevated, shining, pubescence long, erect ;

eyes broad oval, narrowly emarginate. Prothorax about as long,

or a trifle longer, than broad, broadly rounded at the apex, the

sides very slightly rounded, the greatest width being at the hinder

third, hind-angles obtuse, the base truncate ; disc uniformly convex

from base to apex and not gibbous, asperate with close imbricate

rug before the middle, behind strongly and closely punctured,

the punctures subasperate at the sides, finer towards the middle,

median line impunctate, reaching the middle, interspaces shining,

pubescence scanty, marginal. Scutellum rounded, convex, shining.

Elytra as wide as the prothorax and fully a half longer, truncate at

the base, with rectangular shoulders, subparallel-sided and not

narrowed behind, rather abruptly and obtusely rounded at apex ;

surface cylindric, the apical third strongly declivous, with non-

impressed rows of strong punctures, the sutural row irregular,

interstices flat, subrugulose, shining, with uniseriate remote

piliferous punctures, replaced before the declivity by elevated

points, declivity strong but not abrupt, broader than long, retuse

and concave from base to apex, which is subexplanate, margined

subacutely below, very shining, with three rows of shallow punc-

tures, the interstices rather wide, the Ist with one small

tubercle near the summit, and traces of others near the tip,

the 2nd and 3rd with two or three irregularly-placed small

tubercles. Below concolorous, thinly pilose.

Hab. Singapore (Wallace).

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 225

The single example nas the limbs broken; it is a

rather distinct form, with the elytral characters of the

species of Hichhoff’s second division, though the

rounded apex of the prothorax would place it in his

third division.

Xyleborus dolosus, sp. n.

Fem. Subelongata, cylindrica, nitida, castanea, parce pilosa ;

prothorace oblongo, apice fortiter rotundato; dorso post medium

sat distincte punctato, linea media levi ; elytris lineato-punctatis,

interstitiis planis uniseriatim punctatis, 1°, 3° post medium seriato-

tuberculatis ; declivitate obliqua, nitida, tenuiter punctata, in linea

interstitii 1° utrinque sat valide bituberculata, infra marginata, ad

apicem medium subemarginata. Long 2°4 mm.

FEMALE. Subelongate, cylindrical, shining, castaneous-brown,

with very scanty, rather long pubescence. Front subimpressed on

either side, with an indistinct median longitudinal elevation, sub-

rugosely punctate and pilose; eyes large, broad oval, feebly

emarginate ; antenne testaceous-yellow. Prothorax oblong,

strongly rounded at the apex, the sides very gently curved from

before the middle to the broadly rounded hind-angles, base sub-

truncate ; surface very convex before the middle, cylindrical and

slightly’ flattened posteriorly, the junction not marked by any

evident nodus, the anterior half rather finely and closely asperate,

the posterior half shining, moderately closely and distinctly punc-

tured, the punctures absent over the median line and a small spot

on either side, and coarser at the lateral margins, pubescence scanty,

marginal, erect. Scutellum rounded oblong, infuscate, shining, sub-

impressed. Elytra wider than the prothorax at its extreme base,

and less than a half longer, truncate at base, with rectangular

shoulders, subparallel-sided and slightly narrowed towards the apex,

the hind-margins separately rounded, as in many species of Ptero-

cyclon, forming a very shallow emargination at the suture ; surface

subcylindrical at the base, very obliquely declivous from the middle

to the apex, moderately strongly lineato-punctate, the interstices

flat, remotely and more finely punctured; declivity somewhat

flattened behind, shining, indistinctly punctured, rather sharply

margined below, 1st interstice with about six, 3rd with about five

tubercles, beginning near the middle of the elytra, and becoming

strongly posteriorly, the apical pairs of the 1st interstices forming

four well-marked tubercles on the declivous area, outer interstices

finely tuberculate towards the extremity. Underside concolorous,

legs testaceous.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace).

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—PpartT 1). (JONE.) 15

226 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

The shape of the elytral apex is like that found in

many species of Pterocyclon, and the species may be

regarded as intermediate between such forms as X. con-

fusus, Eichh., and its allies, and X. fallax, Hichh.

Xyleborus laticollis, sp. n.

Fem. Subelongata, nitida, badia, elytris piceo-ferrugineis ; pro-

thorace amplo, suboblongo, lateribus leniter, apice fortiter rotund-

ato, dorso transverse subelevato, postice subtiliter sparsim

punctato ; elytris prothorace angustioribus, postice angustatis,

striato-punctatis, interstitiis lineato-punctatis, postice tuberculatis

apice fortiter oblique declivi, subimpresso, fundo inermi, lateraliter

in linea interstitii 3i seriato-tuberculato, Long. 2°7 mm.

FremaLe. Subelongate, shining, sparsely pilose. Head bright-

brown, front subconvex, dull, punctured, with a fine subelevated

median line, mouth thinly fringed. Prothorax a little longer than

broad, ample, broadly rounded in front, the sides nearly straight,

inflexed slightly towards the rounded hind-angles, base truncate ;

surface cylindrical behind, convex and declivous at the apex, with

a scarcely elevated transverse nodus before the middle, bright-

brown with a darker shade towards apex, scarcely hairy, granulate

in front, behind shining, finely and sparingly punctured, with a

smooth median line, Elytra narrower than the prothorax and a

third longer, the shoulders subobtuse, the sides nearly parallel to

the middle, thence narrowed, the apical margin truncate in the

middle; surface cylindrical, piceo-ferruginous, shining, with thin

rather long hairs, rather strongly punctured in substriate rows, the

sutural stria markedly impressed shortly after the base, interstices

flat, with as strong but more remote uniseriate piliferous punctures,

replaced by small tuberculate points before the declivity ; the latter

beginning at the apical third, oblique, flattened, shining, indistinctly

striate, its fundus unarmed, the 3rd interstice callose and tuber-

culate, the outer interstices less strongly tuberculate. Underside

and legs testaceous, the abdomen darker.

Hab, India, Kanara (Andrewes).

This species belongs to the subdivision of which X,

savesent, Ratz., forms part, but is quite different from

that species in sculpture and in the much larger and

more ample prothorax, which looks almost out of pro-

portion in comparison with the elytra.

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 227

Xyleborus andrewesi, sp. n.

Fem. Elongata, piceo-fusca, antennis et pedibus flavis, sub-

nitida, sat breviter erecte pilosa ; prothorace oblongo, apice late

rotundato, lateribus parallelis, dorso post medium sat conferte

punctulato, linea media levi; elytris post medium gradatim

attenuatis, lineato-punctatis, interstitiis seriato-setosis, 1° a medio,

3°, 5° in declivitate tuberculatis, hac obliqua, pruinoso-opaca,

interstitio 2° impresso, Long. 2 mm.

FEMALE, Elongate, moderately shining, pitchy-fuscous, the

base of the prothorax and apex of the elytra somewhat lighter, the

antenne and legs yellow, with short moderately close erect pale

hairs. Front subimpressed on either side over the mouth, dull,

finely shagreened, not strongly punctate nor hairy; eyes rather large,

deeply emarginate. Prothorax oblong, exactly parallel-sided,

broadly rounded at the apex, the hind-angles rounded, the base

truncate; surface with an ante-median transverse elevation, declivous

in front and asperate with imbricate rugz, behind cylindrical,

slightly depressed, subnitid, with moderately close and rather fine

punctures, the median line impunctate, the interspaces transversely

rugulose, pubescence thin, longer over the apical, shorter but

present over the basal half. Scutellum triangular, partly con-

cealed by hairs. Elytra as broad as the prothorax and a half

longer, with subrectangular shoulders, parallel-sided to the middle,

thence gradually and subacuminately narrowed to the apex, hind-

margin seen from above short and transverse ; surface sub-

cylindrical to behind the middle, thence gradually declivous and

convex, rather finely punctured in rows, the punctures shallow,

bearing minute hairs, interstices flat, ragulose, with stronger seriate

hairs, the Ist and 3rd seriato-tuberculate, the tubercles beginning

on the Ist before the middle, rather remote, and weak towards the

apex, on the 3rd about the middle, and strong to the apex, the 5th

and outer interstices with finer tubercles towards the tip ; declivity

opaque, impressed along the 2nd interstice, the 3rd subcallose.

Underside concolorous.

Hab. India, Belgaum (Andrewes),

Allied to X. ewiguus, Walk. ; but larger, more elongate,

and much more gradually attenuated behind; the first and

third interstices alone armed before the declivity with

much more remote tubercles, the declivity opaque. One

example.

228 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford on New Scolytide.

Xyleborus exiguus.

Bostrichus exiguus, Walk., Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, i1.,

p. 260 (1857).

Xyleborus muriceus, Hichh., Rat. Tom., p. 506 (1879)°.

Hab. Ceylon'; Andaman Is.; Burma’.

I have a pair from the Andamans, which have been

identified by comparison with Walkér’s type. Through

the courtesy of Herr Schaufuss I have been able lately to

compare them with that of Hichhoff, who has published

an ample description of the species.

IX. Notes on Dyscritina longisetosa, Westw. By

EK. Ernest Green, F.E.S.

[Read March 18th, 1896.]

THE accompanying figures represent what I suppose to

be a more advanced stage of the interesting little insect

described by the late Prof. Westwood, under the name of

Dyscritina longisetosa (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,

py O01, pl. xxi, fig. 1).

My example of the insect is rather darker coloured

than the type, the whole of the upper parts being dark

reddish-brown, without any pale bands on the abdomen ;

it has, however, the two small pale patches on the

posterior angles of the prothorax ; and there is a pale

median line bisecting each of the thoracic tergites longi-

tudinally, which is carried forwards to the middle of the

head, where it bifurcates, the branches turning sharply

off to a point on the margin immediately in front of the

eyes.

Westwood does not definitely state the dimensions of

his insect; but gives 8 lines as the length of the caudal

filaments, remarking that these are “ nearly three times

the length of the entire insect.” In his figure, however,

he gives a scale, indicating the lengths of the parts, by

which I find that the body is 6 mm. long, and each

filament 17 mm. In my specimen these proportions are

considerably altered, the body being 8 mm. long, while

the caudal appendages attain a length of only 6$ mm.

~ In Westwood’s description these caudal appendages

are said to be composed of more than fifty minute articu-

lations. In the present specimen, the two appendages,

though nearly of equal length, consist of a different

number of joints, there being seventeen in one and twelve

only in the other. I at first thought that they might be

imperfect ; but a careful examination of the extremities

shows a natural rounded termination quite unlike the

apices of the preceding joints. There isa very long basal

joint, about equal to the subsequent six; the remaining

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parRT II. (JUNE.)

230 Mr. E. Ernest Green on

joints are saben in ene one gradually diminish in

\ thickness. The ap-

pendages are finely

setose, and there

are a few stout

spines on the basal

and following six

or seven joints.

Theantenne have

undergone very

little change. They

still contain fifteen

joints; but the

second isvery small

and sunk into the

apex of the large

basal piece, which

bears several stout

spines.

There is an im-

portant change in

the structure of the

legs, three joints

being now appa-

rent in the tarsi ;

the second joint,

is, however, very

small, and firmly

fixed to the pre-

ceding one, the line

of separation being

rather inconspicu-

ous. The femora

are distinctly chan-

nelled for the re-

ception of the tibize.

There is no pad

between the claws.

: Vee The mouth parts,

ofS ia as far as can be

Fig. Ree I of insect, dorsal view. seen without dis-

2.—Head, from below. | side. :

99 rs a

re 7 —Ter minal segments of abdomen, Prom the section, are as de

5, 4—Outline of insect, ventral view. scribed by Prof.

5 tt 1 bi ‘leg. y 5

5 Bs arsus and part of tibia of anterior lege. Westwood ; the

maxille are perhaps rather longer and more falcate.

ee ee eee

Notes on Dyscritina longisetosa. 231

The similarity of structure to that of the Morficulidx

is most marked in the specimen under examination. On

each of two tergal plates, near the base of the abdomen,

appear a pair of well-marked glandular folds, correspond-

ing with the scent-glands found in a similar situation in

many earwigs. On the ventral surface, the sternal plates

of the thorax are very large and broad, each projecting

backwards, and covering part of the following segment.

The legs are widely separated, and the coxze small and

cylindrical. The tergal and sternal plates of the abdo-

men are fitted together in the imbricating fashion which

is almost peculiar to the Forficulide. The extremity

of the abdomen, between the cerci, is closed by u

vertical plate divided transversely into two or more

pieces.

The specimen from which the above notes were taken,

is now deposited in the Natural History Museum, Crom-

well Road. Westwood’s type of the insect is presumably

in the Oxford Museum.

( 233 )

X. Ow the Courtship of certain European Acridiide.

By Professor Kowarp B. Poutron, M.A., F.R.S.,

HLS:, ete:

[Read April Ist, 1896. ]

Tne extraordinarily fine and hot weather in Switzerland

at the end of August and beginning of September last

year (1895), was very favourable for the observations

which are here recorded. I was then staying at the

Weisshorn Hotel, high above Vissoye, in the Val

d’Anniviers, 7690 feet in elevation. Certain species of

Acridiide were excessively abundant in the immediate

neighbourhood of the hotel, species moreover which

afforded examples of very different methods of courtship.

In working at this subject I received the greatest

assistance from my two friends, Mr. F. Jenkinson and

Mr. F. V. Dickins: their keen powers of observation

enabled me to add many new facts of much interest, and

also afforded valuable confirmation upon the most diffi-

cult points. Mr. Jenkinson observed with me for hours

together on several occasions, so that we were able to

compare our impressions as we received them.

Dr. Sharp has kindly identified the species for me,

comparing my specimens with a Brunner collection at

Cambridge.

The object of this enquiry was to make out the

methods employed by the males in the courtship of the

females, and especially the part played by stridulation.

Dr. Sharp, in the Cambridge Natural History (Vol. v.,

. 286), insists on the insufficiency of observations on this

point, and I therefore hope that this work has not been in

vain. ‘The following observations suggest that the true

significance of the latter is to be found in its use during

courtship. In only a single species of those observed,

Stethophyma fuscum, did the males commonly stridulate

without reference to the females, and merely ‘in rivalry

with each other. In all the other sound-producing species

the power seemed, almost without exception, to be

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—ParT H. (JONE.) 16

234 Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

exercised with direct reference to females, or in rivalry

to other males in the presence of a female. In the case

of Psophus stridulus, true stridulation was only observed

when the close proximity of a female had evidently

thrown the male into a state of excitement.

The following considerations also support the same

conclusions. In Pezotettix pedestris, both sexes have

rudimentary wings and the male never makes any audible

sound. Nevertheless, when he is seated on the back of

the female attempting to pair, and during coitus itself,

he continually moves his third legs alternately as if

in stridulation. I believe that this movement is a vestige

of an ancient and long-lost power of producing sound.

Although stridulation is usually produced by a symmetrical

movement of the third legs, it will be shown that this is

not the case with Stenobothrus elegans. There is there-

fore no objection to be raised against this character of

the movement in Pezotettix. Another view, and that

held by my friend, the learned Orthopterist, Henri de

Saussure, is that sound is really produced, only we cannot

hear it. He holds that the sound is merely the outward

expression of the elated feelings of the male Pezotettia.

Dr. Sharp, too, considers from the presence in

apparently dumb species of well-developed tympana—

and this is their condition in Pezotettiv—< that the

Orthoptera provided with acoustic organs, and which we

consider dumb, are not really so, but produce sounds we

cannot hear, and do so in some manner unknown to us”

(Cambridge Natural History, Vol. v., 287). On the

other hand, it may be urged that the perception of vibra-

tion by means of tympana may be of great value in the

life of an organism, even if the organism were incapable

of producing sounds, and that it may be retained for

some more general use when its original special function

has ceased to exist.

But in any case this movement of Pezotettiv is con-

ducted with an apparatus homologous with that by which

sound is produced in other Acridiidx, and yet one in

which the special sound-producing structures are absent.

The tegmina are too short to be brought into their usual

relation with the femora, and the ridge on the inner face

of the latter is without the “musical beads,” although

strongly chitinized and prominent as though it had pre-

viously possessed significance in this respect.

Courtship of certain European Acridiide. 235

Further evidence in support of this explanation is to

be found in the fact that Pezotettix makes the movement

when he has succeeded in capturing the female and when

pairing has actually begun. In the other species ob-

served the normal arrangement was for the male to

stridulate apparently to charm or please the female before

leaping on her; stridulation after this occurring only in

certain special cases (one observation on Stenobothrus

hxemorrhoidalis, and one on Stethophyma fuscum, m

which it is to be explained as an answer to another

very persistent male).

If, however, as I suppose, the movements of Pezotettiv

are merely vestigial, we can quite understand their asso-

ciation in the nervous system with those stronger nervous

impulses which are concerned with the successful issue

of courtship, rather than with the impulses concerned

with courtship itself. According to this view the

functional stridulation is associated with anticipation

while the vestigial stridulation is only evoked by realiza-

tion. It should be added that it is quite possible that

these movements of the male Pezotettte may have a

stimulating or perhaps merely a soothing effect on the

female.

The comparison between Pezotettix and the other

species supports in another way these conclusions as

to the essential significance of stridulation in courtship.

In the latter kinds, so far as they were sufficiently

observed, the female was treated with considerable cere-

mony; in Gomphocerus a peculiar attitude was assumed,

movement of some of the appendages of the head was

made, ard the female was in some cases patted or stroked,

in addition to the most assiduous stridulation. The latter

was never omitted in any species in which we could detect

any sound. But the little male of Pezotettix, being appa-

rently without any power of charming the female, behaves

in a manner entirely different from any of the others

described below. He lies in wait, leaps on the female,

and captures her unawares. ‘Then, when he is firmly

seated, the male attempts to charm her by nibbling with

his mandibles, and perhaps by the effect of the alternate

movement of his third legs.

The general impression left by the whole of the obser-

vations recorded below was favourable to the theory of

sexual selection, and to the view that the stridulating

236 Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

apparatus has been evolved by the agency of this

principle rather than by that of natural selection.

Others may draw opposite conclusions from the same

observations, which I therefore set forth by themselves,

apart from general theoretical considerations. I believe

that the observations themselves are correct, and that the

uncertain points are stated with due caution.

PEZOTETTIX PEDESTRIS.

Aueust 29, 1§95.—I watched a pair of Pezolettix

pedestris continuously for about an hour and a quarter,

viz, from about 2.30 p.m. to 3.45. The day was fine and

the sun powerful, and this had been the case for many

days previous to the 29th.

When first observed, the male was seated on the back

of the female, the anterior legs being clasped round her

prothorax, but every now and then one of them was

passed round her head and sometimes even over the eye.

‘Twice the female was seen to raise her leg and sweep the

male’s leg off her face. The male’s second pair of legs

apparently clasped the posterior part of her first

abdominal segment, fitting in between the femora of

the female’s third pair of legs and her body. The male’s

third pair of legs were not used for maintaining his

position, but were held either horizontally or inclining

upwards posteriorly, the tibiz forming an acute angle

with the femora, and the tarsus being raised so as to form

an acute angle with the tibiz. For nearly the whole of

the time of observation the male’s third legs were jerked

up and down alternately, the strokes not succeeding each

other very rapidly. No audible sound was produced.

No corresponding movement was seen on the part of the

female.

Jn attempting to copulate, the male let himself down,

sometimes on one side and sometimes on the other, suffi-

ciently far to bring the extremity of the abdomen below

that of the female. The terminal segments of the male’s

abdomen were then turned upwards and inwards towards

the external generative aperture of the female, with which

the everted male organs were brought into contact. No

movement of the corresponding female parts was seen,

but contractions of the whole abdomen occasionally took

Courtship of certain Huropean Acridiide. — 237

place. In the above-described attitude the hold of the

male appeared to be very precarious, and it seemed that

he would have been shaken off by a comparatively slight

movement on the part of the female.

During the second half of the period of observation, the

male made more frequent and vigorous attempts, and I

noticed that from time to time he gently nibbled the

female with his mandibles in the dorsal and upper part of

the lateral thoracic regions. The female, however,

appeared to be entirely indifferent to his attentions ; and

sometimes when the male was making the most energetic

attempts she would calmly begin to eat the leaf of a

plant. On two occasions she finished, or nearly finished,

a small leaf, and many times nibbled parts of leaves.

Although she seemed to prefer the green leaves, she

sometimes ate portions of brown ones. Five times the

female ejected feces; once I thought the male did so,

bui it may merely have been getting rid of some foreign

particle which had accidentally adhered. In the case of

the female there was no doubt.

Although the female did not attempt to get rid of the

male, she showed her indifference to his presence not

only in the manner already described, but by walking and

hopping about, often at the most inconvenient times, By

3.45 copulation had not commenced, and I could wait

no longer. Both insects were then captured for

identification.

All the observations recorded above were made quite

close to the insects. By keeping as still as possible,

and moving very gently when it was necessary to

follow them, it was easy to bring the eyes within six or

eight inches of the insects without disturbing them

at all.

Avaeusr 30,—I saw many of the same species in copula

beside the upper road, or rather path, leading from the

Weisshorn Hotel to Zinai. ‘The terminal segments of the

male’s abdomen are turned upwards, in the position indi-

cated by the attempts already described. ‘lhe alternate

movements of the third legs continue from time to time

during coitus: in one case (which may have been the

beginning of copulation) a female was seen to stretch out

the third legs from time to time, and make a rapid

shivering movement. With the above exception, the

female hopped and walked about freely during the pro-

238 Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

cess, the male being apparently firmly seated on her

back.

Avaust 31.—A pair were found in copula in the Alpine

garden close to the Weisshorn Hotel. The female was

seen to eat freely, and once to void excreta, while the

male was actively moving his third legs. This observa-

tion was confirmed by F, Jenkinson. ‘These remarkable

alternate movements of the male’s third legs during

coitus were also seen by F. Jenkinson and me in a very

large number of cases at other times. In a single case

observed by F. Jenkinson on August 31, the male’s legs

were at one time rapidly vibrated laterally, being moved

simultaneously and not alternately, as in the usual move-

ment. ‘This perhaps corresponds to the shivering move-

ment seen by me in the female on August 30th.

Sepremper 1.—This latter observation was confirmed

by me in the Alpine garden. In this case the beginning

of the act was seen. The male appeared to be much

excited, and the shivering movement occurred from time

to time, just before and after the beginning of the act.

The female, which possessed only one leg of the third

pair, was quite motionless throughout. At the com-

inencement of the act she expelled feces, which were

moist and quite different from the dry ejecta seen on

other occasions. In this and the complete passivity of

the female there is probable evidence that she was much

influenced by the act. This passive appearance was

entirely distinct from the indifference manifested im so

many of the cases previously observed, in which, how-

ever, the act had either not begun, or was probably far

advanced. Shortly after coitus the pair remained motion-

less for a considerable time.

SrepremBer 2.—Up to this date the events immediately

preceding pairing, and the pairing itself had been observed

with care, but there was no evidence to show how the

male became seated on the back of the female. I was

very anxious to find out how this occurred, and whether

there was any preliminary courtship by stridulation or

otherwise, although the species had never been heard to

stridulate. At this date, F. Jenkinson observed, and I

was able to confirm, that the males leap upon the females

when they come within a distance of about three inches,

but apparently do not notice them at a much greater

distance. ‘Their attention appears to be directed to the

Courtship of certain Huropean Acridiide. 239

female by its movement, and they then leap with the

greatest accuracy I. Jenkinson obtained these results

by inducing captured females to leap from his hand in

the direction of a male. On one occasion he saw a male

approach and leap upon another male, probably mistaking

it for a female ; there was a tussle, in which one appeared

to try to bite the other. It thus appeared evident that

there is no preliminary courtship of any kind, but that

the male takes the female by surprise, and leaps upon her

before she is aware of his presence. This conclusion was

abundantly confirmed Jater on.

SEPreMBER 3.—F’. Jenkinson and I observed a pair on

the grassy slopes below the Bella Tola. The male had

lost one of the legs of the third pair, and the female had

one of them apparently injured. The male was seated on

the back of the female, and was energetically attempting

to copulate much too far forward in the middle ventral line.

We watched his continual attempts for about fifteen

minutes, at the end uf which period he was no nearer to

success than at the beginning. This failure, when the

female was evidently ready, and kept opening the gene-

rative orifice, may have been due to the absence of the

lee. Although this limb is not used to hold firmly, the

absence of it may have affected his balance. At any

rate no failure of this kind was seen on any other

occasion.

Later on, about the middle of the day, we came toa

flat piece of ground covered with scanty grass, at the

bottom of the zigzags by which the Bella Tola is ascended.

The strong sun and the position of the ground made the

place extremely hot, and as both sexes of the Pezotettix

were very abundant, it appeared a good opportunity for

observing the pairing habits. The males were often

seated on stones, or other slight eminences; thus placed,

and with the head and anterior part of the body raised,

they were in a very favourable position to see and leap

upon any female which approached within three inches,

or sometimes even a greater distance. If the leap isa

failure, the male at once begins an active pursuit, leap-

ing more quickly and further than the female. Jn this

way it often happens that he loses sight of the latter, or,

is brought nearer to another female, whom he at once

attempts to capture. One main cause of failure in the

pursuit is that the male has very little, if any, power of

240 Professor Hdward B. Poulton on the

seeing a female between his leaps, unless his attention has

been directed to her by the movement of the leap itself.

Hence the pauses, often greatly prolonged, between the

successive leaps frequently lead to the escape of the

female. Furthermore, the leaps made by the male, when

lying in wait for the female, were much better aimed

than those made in pursuit. It is probable that in the

former case he takes very careful aim; for he turns his

head and antennw in the exact direction of the female,

and pauses before leaping, often making a slight rocking

movement of the anterior part of the body. Occasionally

this movement was seen in the female also.

When the maie leaps upon her unawares, as I have

described, the female almost invariably tries to throw

him off, and generally succeeds. If, however, she failed

in the first attempt, in most cases she yielded forthwith,

and, probably asa result of these favourable conditions as

regards temperature, pairing was effected in a very short

time, sometimes even in a few seconds.

In one instance a male leaped upon a female and was

thrown off; the female was then driven round, so that in

a few minutes she again came within the range of his

leap. ‘The second time he was successful, securing a

firm hold, and beginning to nibble the female with his

mandibles. All resistance ceased, and pairing took place

in a few minutes.

Very occasionally the alternate strokes, but only once

or twice repeated, of the male’s third legs were seen when

the opposite sexes were near together. i believe, too,

that the same movement was made by the female, though

still more rarely. One female, when near to a male,

seemed to be excited, and raised her third legs, which

quivered from time to time. Any such indications were

very rare in the female. In nearly all cases she was taken

by surprise, and only yielded when very firmly held.

The female must be influenced in some way by the

male holding her and caressing her with his mandibles ;

for his position, when attempting to copulate, is very

precarious, and he could be easily shaken off. It appeared,

however, that the males did not begin to make any such

attempts until the females had ceased to resist.

In one single instance the female did not yield,

although very firmly held; but it is probable that she

was immature, or injured, or in some way unfit for pair-

Courtship of certain European Acridiide. 241

ing, as the male finally left her of his own accord. This

observation was made by both of us, and was of great

interest. When we first saw them, the male was firmly

holding the female, but she kept struggling violently,

and trying to kick him off with her powerful third legs.

On at least three separate occasions the pair rolled over,

and remained in this position, with the male beneath,

for about half a minute. At such times the female was

unable to stryggle at all successfully, and it seemed

possible that the male, when he was nearly unseated,

caused the pair to roll over; we could not, however, be

sure of this. Ultimately the male leaped off voluntarily,

as I have already stated. One side of the dorsal surface

of an abdominal segment was wounded in the female, but

as the injury did not appear to be fresh, it is not probable

that the male caused it.

In one or two cases the female, and once the male,

expelled faeces just before or during copulation. The

feeces were of the character already described, and not in

the usual dry state.

In no single case was any preliminary courtship wit-

nessed in this species. There was no stridulation, no

display of colour or attitude. It was entirely a question

of capture, the females being almost invariably, at any

rate at first, unwilling prisoners, although occasionally

they showed indications of excitement in the presence of

a male.

It is highly probable that pairing takes place many

times in this species, and even more than once with the

same male.

There was an extremely high proportion of individuals

in coitu, even allowing for the fact that their habit of

freely jumping about renders them much more con-

spicuous than the unpatred males and females. The

proportion was far higher than that of any other

Orthopterous insect cbserved during this visit to Switzer-

land; it is possible, however, that the principal pairing

time of other species is earlier in the year.

GOMPHOCERUS SIBERICUS (var.).

This form was excessively abundant round the Weisshorn

Hotel, no other species approaching it in numbers. On

one occasion, after heavy rain, I’, Jenkinson saw immense

242 Professor Hdward B. Poulton on the

numbers of them lying in the path apparently

dead ; but after the sun had warmed them they all re-

covered.

Aveusr 30,—At this date I had a good opportunity of

watching the habits of the males in the presence of a

female. About a mile from the hotel, along the upper

road to Zinal, at about 11 a.m., 1 came upona spot which,

on account of its aspect and slope, had not long been

warmed by the sur,so that the insects were only just

beginning to bestir themselves. Here was a little group of

this species—two males and a female—probably close to

the place in which they had passed the night. ‘I'he female

was resting quietly on a small piece of rock, slightly

moving her abdomen, probably in relation to respiration.

Later on she drew each antenna beneath the first leg of

the same side, or perhaps drew the leg over the antenna.

It is probable that this movement is intended to wipe off

the dew. ‘The males often did the same, and the female

rubbed its eye, probably for the same purpose. ‘This

explanation is all the more probable because I did not

see these movements at any time when the heat of the sun

was sufficient to have dispersed the dew ; although tie

species was carefully observed on many occasions. One

male, standing by the female, was stridulating when I came

up ; the other was behind motionless. ‘These three insects

were extremely shy, although this was by no means the

case at other times when individuals of this species were

watched in the heat of the day. Although I approached

so that my shadow was behind me, and very gently, the

male beside the female was alarmed at each slight rustle

or movement, raising himself on his legs and erecting

his antennx, apparently thoroughly on the alert. ‘Then

when I kept perfectly still he resumed his former position

and depressed the antennz towards the female, both of

whose antenna were also generally depressed. He did

not continue to stridulate, but, after remaining almost

motionless for some ten minutes, except for cleaning his

antenne now and then, turned his back on the female and

apparently began eating the heather. In a few seconds

the other male stridulated once or twice: the effect on

the first male was instantaneous; he stridulated for a

second or two and then walked back to the female,

depressed one antennie towards her and patted her on the

thorax with oue of the first pair of legs. After all this

Courtship of certain European Acridude, 248

attention she made no apparent movement, and the other

male did not make any further advances. The active

male then walked away and met another female,

stridulated beside her until she also walked off. Another

male close at hand stridulated, and the active one

immediately replied, although in this case no female was

near.

These observations illustrate the habits of the species

in courtship, the males, as Mr. F. V. Dickins also pointed

out to ne, always running after the females and never

jumping, although both sexes jump very actively when

disturbed. The use of stridulation as one of the tactics

of courtship was clearly seen, the rivalry between the

two males near the female being particularly interesting.

The same occasion gave rise to the other method of

courtship, viz., patting the female. The position of the

male’s antenne suggested attention to any movement the

female might make, or to anything she might do.

These notes also illustrate the immense abundance of

the species, the active male had only to wall two or three

inches away from the group of three in order to come

across another female and male.

I think that, in observations of this kind, it will be

useful to watch the species under many different conditions,

especially as regards temperature. In the hottest places

courtship 1s most energetic, and we have the most

favourable opportunity for seeing the whole process

carried through to completion, as in the case of

Pezotettix already described ; but when the temperature

is lower, and especially when the warmth of the sun has

only just roused the insects into activity, many interest-

ing details may be witnessed which are often passed over

or hurried through in times of greater energy.

In spite of the excessive abundance of the species and

the almost constant attention of the males to the females,

a successful termination to courtship was witnessed in no

single instance, and only two or three pairs were seen in

coitu. One of these was found on August 29th, a little

below the hotel. The male, unlike the Pezotettix, was

unable to retain his hold, and when the female jumped,

as she did freely, he was dragged along on his back, and

retained this position for a considerable time in the

intervals between two successive jumps. It is probable

that with this species, the pairing season was nearly over ;

244. Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

and this conclusion is supported by the fact that the

females were often seen engaged in oviposition,

Avausr 31.—Jenkinson and I watched several females

ovipositing in the loose earth on a very hot slope just

outside the hotel, and in the beds of the little Alpine

garden. The female thrusts her abdomen deeply into the

earth and remains in this position for some minutes. On

two occasions a female, after withdrawing her abdomen,

was seen to rake the ground vigorously with her third

legs, and, in one case, witnessed by Jenkinson, she

steadied herself by holding a plant stem with her

mandibles. We several times dug up the earth and

searched for the eggs, but without success. At this date

I found another pair of this species in coitu, on the path

just below the hotel.

Gomphocerus sibericus appears to be a very general

feeder, and its extraordinary abundance in the immediate

proximity of the hotel was probably due to the presence

of horses’ and mules’ dung, and other refuse upon which

they fed. Every patch of dung upon the path was

surrounded by dozens of individuals.

Avausr 31.—F. Jenkinson and I watched the males pur-

suing the females near the hotel. It often happened that

when a male came up to a female he extended the max-

illary and labial palpi towards her, and raised himself on

his legs in a very characteristic and remarkable attitude.

At other times these movements occurred at a later stage

of courtship. The movement of the palpi strongly sug-

gested their use as organs of sense. When the female

ran away, as she generally did, the male pursued, always

trying to get in front of the female and thus stop her.

'’he male ran faster than the female, and altered his

direction so as to approach the female almost at right

angles to the course she was pursuing. After the pre-

liminaries of courtship—pursuit, stridulation, attitude,

and movement of the palpi—the male, standing beside

and close to the female, tries to jump on her, making a

curious short chirp as he does so. ‘lhe attempts were,

however, always unsuccessful in the cases observed by us.

Stridulation is in this species of definite length, and ends

in two or three short chirps; in most cases the male then

instantly approaches still nearer and tries to Jump on the

female with the short chirp already described.

Neither Jenkinson nor I can remember the exact

Courtship of certain Huropean Acridiide. 245

order in which the male went through the various phases

of courtship. Itis probable that the order varied greatly,

and that some of the phases were often omitted.

SerremMBer 2.—On this and many other occasions the

males were often seen to leave the female they were

pursuing and, apparently without knowing it, to follow

some other female they accidentally came upon in the

course of the pursuit. A male pursuing a female was

once seen to approach and jump at the male of Pezo-

tettiv, having apparently mistaken it for the female.

SepreMBER 3.—On the grassy slopes below the Bella

Tola, a male observed by F. Jenkinson and me was

greatly excited by the pair of Pezotettiv already described

as attempting, but unable to copulate. He stood im the

characteristic attitude, walked round them, and finally

stood in front and stridulated for the usual length of

time and with the usual ending, he then advanced as if

to jump, but before doing so became satisfied that he had

made a mistake, and walked away. It was evident that

he had mistaken the pair for the female of his own species.

Just below the zigzags up the Bella ‘lola we saw a

mule which, standing by a female, repeated the stridula-

tion four times with the usual conclusion on each occasion,

and then after all this attention let her walk away unper-

ceived. This and the other facts already described seem

to show that the males were very unobservant. In this

respect their behaviour was Very different from that of

Pezotettiv, and from the very alert member of their own

species observed on August 30.

No lhght was thrown upon the function of the remark-

able dilated tibiz of the first legs of the male. ‘The

whole tibia, swollen into the shape of a pear, with the

tarsus articulated to its broader end, presented a most

curious appearance in the characteristic attitudes assumed

during courtship. On the underside of this dilated mass,

which js approximately circular in transverse section, two

rows of hairs are seen. Although the hairs are smaller,

and the rows more widely separated, both evidently cor-

respond to those which are found beneath the unmodified

tibiee of the other legs.

Although we observed the habits of this species on

many other occasions, neither I’. Jenkinson nor I had

ever seen the pairing accomplished. I therefore asked

Mr. F. V. Dickins if he would consent to watch through

246 Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

a very hot afternoon. ‘This he very kindly did, and

although unsuccessful in this respect, he made many

interesting observations which I give in his own words :—

“On the 4th September, 1895, I watched the courting

habits of some grasshoppers on the knoll immediately

behind the Weisshorn Hotel.

‘“‘ At first I made my observations on the west slope,

but there was a cool wind blowing, and the insects were

neither numerous nor lively. Casting about I discovered

on the south-east slope a particular hollow away from

the wind, in the full glare of the sun, and focussing the

heat-reflections from the hillock-slopes around it. Here

the grasshoppers abounded and were very lively; I

watched them for about two hours.

“IT noticed that the males, marked by swellings on

their first legs, were much more mobile than the females,

the latter were mostly extremely passive and had to be

chased and caught up by the males. There was a good

deal of this chasing which was very amusing to watch.

Sometimes the female, as if bothered, would remain

quiet fora time and allow the male to come up to her.

He appeared to stroke her with his antenne, but I could

not distinctly see what parts of her body he thus specially

caressed. The insects never seemed to leap unless

alarmed ; I thought that perhaps leaping was not an

ordinary mode of progression. I saw no male clasp or

leap upon any female; they chased and chased, threw up

the game, started a fresh pursuit, equally bootless, and

so went on, tireless. I was not fortunate enough to see

any accouplement. When the male was alongside the

female, in many cases, the insect assumed a strained atti-

tude, the anterior part of the body being raised high, and

the terminal segments curved upwards so that the dorsal

line was concave antero-posteriorly. Very often a curious

little click was heard, I thought, usually as the chase

ended in the pair suddenly standing still by each other.

One might suppose that it was a chirp of triumph. I

have no doubt it was made by the male.

“ One rather curious situation in this active little

drama is worth noting. A female alighted or rather ran

up on my boot and sat quite still in the hot rays of

the sun. She sat so still that the idea struck me I might

try to caress her a little myself. I accordingly looked

round for a slender flexible grass stem or dried haulm,

Courtship of certain Huropean Acridiide. 247

and having found one gently touched her with the pliant

extremity. She did not stir, and I became bolder; I

rubbed her hpdy on either side and also the inside of the

coxee and antenne. She was still unmoved, except that

a slight rigidity seemed to supervene, and the abdominal

extremity curved slightly upwards. Gently tickling this

part the curve rose and the rigidity seemed more marked.

I now stroked heras gently as I could, and she permitted

this exireme familarity without resentment. Lastly, I

took her softly up and laid her in the palm of my hand.

Turning her from side to side she seemed quite content

and did not exhibit a flutter ora tremor. I continued

my caressings for ten minutes or a quarter of an hour,

and then laid her in a warm spot and watched her for

another quarter of an hour. She did not move, although

she was alive enough. Was she hypnotized ?”’

This last interesting observation suggests that very

marked effects may be produced by the patting which I

witnessed on August 30th, and by the nibbling in the

case of Pezotettiv. In this latter species, indeed, the

effect produced on a female after her first unsuccessful

attempts to throw off the male, appeared to be very

much like that induced by Mr. Dickins in the female of

Gomphocerus.

S1TETHOPHYMA FUSCUM.

This magnificent species was very abundant in tlie

open grassy spaces between the trees at the water-

courses some few hundred feet below the hotel, and also

in certain places on the slopes far below the Bella Tola.

The stridulation was far more characteristic than that of

any other species observed: first three (sometimes two)

stvokes of the third legs across the tegmina, then a rapid

vibration of the former against the latter for a few

seconds. ‘I'he result is three piercing sounds in rapid

succession, and then a prolonged rustle. The rivalry

between the males and their replies one to another were

very evident, but their relations to the female were only

witnessed once or twice.

Aveust 31.—This species was observed by the water-

courses. Many females were seen: but never attended

by males on this occasion. I came across a pair of males

in the grass fighting in a very clumsy mauner: they lay

248 Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

side by side, pushing and kicking at each other, and

stridulating alternately. One male had lost one of the

third pair of legs, perhaps in an earlie® part of the

fight, but if so it must have been somewhere else, as I

searched for the leg in vain. In spite of its mutilation

it replied with its single leg to every stridulation made

by the other, and these replies seemed especially irri-

tating to the uninjured male for it kicked more vigor-

ously than ever, and once made a determined but unsuc-

cessful effort to bite the end of the other’s abdomen. The

fight was already raging when I began to observe. After

I had watched it for several minutes the uninjured male

gave up and went away. It is possible that the fight

may have begun by one male leaping on the other in

mistake for a female, but it is more likely that it arose

in a quarrel over one female. This view derives some

support from the following observation.

SEPLEMBER 2.—At a certain spot on the slopes below

the Bella Tola the species was very common, and several

pairs were seen in coitu. ‘he female is larger and

duller in colour than the males, and her wings are much

smaller and probably useless for flight.

In the case of one pair in which copulation had

evidently only just taken place, the female was seen to

expel feeces: another male was lying beside the pair

evidently trying to copulate with the temale, continually

stretching his abdomen towards her with partial eversion

of the organs. He also stridulated from time to time,

and I feel almost sure, although I cannot speak with

certainty on this point, that the copulating male replied

on each occasion. In a few minutes the unsuccessful

male went away. I have suggested that the fight may

have begun in some such contest, but probably before

either male had succeeded in pairing. I cannot now

remember whether the stridulation during the fight and

on the occasion last described was similar to that which is

characteristic of the species at other times. I am con-

fident that no new sound was introduced, but cannot be

sure as to whether both movements were made with

their usual relation to each other.

Serremper 7.—F. Jenkinson saw two males of this

species drawn together from a distance of several yards

apparently as the result of stridulating alternately.

When at length they met, they seemed much excited,

Courtship of certain Huropean Acridiide. 24,9

but soon separated without fighting. Perhaps the fight

which I witnessed may have begun in this way.

STENOBOTHRUS (?) ELEGANS.

A beautiful little species which Dr. Sharp doubtfully

identifies as Stenobothrus elegans, was often seen, although

not abundant, below the hotel. The males in stridu-

lating, do not, ike the two last mentioned species, move

the third’ legs symmetrically, but one follows the other.

Probably in consequence of this the sound swells and

diminishes rhythmically, presenting a remarkable likeness

to that made by a fly caught in a spider’s web. Con-

sidering its very small volume, this high and piercing

sound can be heard for a great distance.

STENOBOTHRUS HAH MORRHOIDALIS.

After I left, F. Jenkinson observed a very small kind

which is almost certainly to be identified as the above

named species. Mr. Jenkinson has kindly given me the

following notes :—

“SepremBerR 5.—About 5 p.m. I found a very small

brown male, with the dorsal surface of the abdomen of a

reddish-orange colour. He was very assiduous in his

attentions to a green female with white V-shaped marks

on the side of the thorax. He generally kept close to

her, but was never obtrusive in his attentions, relying

apparently on the effect of his stridulation. This was

made with both legs simultaneously, generally very low,

but sometimes louder, a rapid uniform trill, rather like

the note of the lesser whitethroat. Sometimes she gave

him the slip, and they were as much as eight inches

apart, and out of sight of each other; but he continued

at ‘short intervals his stridulation, and somehow,

apparently by accident, they came across each other

again, and the male posted himself in close attendance

as before. ‘The female was generally nibbling at blades

of grass. If the male touched her, she seemed to repel

him by raising one of the third pair of legs. At 6°45

the sun was setting, and I had to go, so I boxed them

both. ‘The male was perhaps just beginning to relax his

energy.

“SEPTEMBER 7.—Below Weisshorn Hotel. A male

was stridulating and following a female, and was more

TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—Par? 1. (JuNE Ist.) 17

250 Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

successful in finding her again than any other species I

have observed. At 5°30 the male jumped on the

posterior part of the female’s body, his legs round her

tegmina. In this position he continued to stridulate

although at rare intervals (he did so at 5°50). The

female carrying the male shifted backwards moving her

abdomen. She seemed to have some difficulty in expelling

faeces, and this was apparently the cause of the movement.

The male stridulated, and then at 6:0, without having

copulated, he quitted the female, stridulated, and went

away.”

PsoPpHUS STRIDULUS.

The large black males were common just below the

hotel, and on some slopes below the Bella Tola, where

Stethophyma fuscum abounded. Their red under wings

were very conspicuous when flying, the characteristic

rattling sound still further attracting attention to them.

The larger brown, toad-lke females, with smaller wings,

are probably unable to fly.

I never saw the sexes together; but after I had left,

F. Jenkinson kindly sent me the following notes :—

“‘ SEPTEMBER 5.—When the male finds himself near a

female, he utters a double ‘ twitter’ (once a twitter and

then a trill), and moves excitedly. In one case I saw

him leap on the back of a female, but presently he left

her of his own accord.

« At 3 p.m. I came across a pair in coitu, but the male

disengaged himself by vigorous movements of the third

legs. They remained for a long time within two inches

of each other, but nothing happened. I made the female

jump away, caught her, and put her in the male’s way.

He at once became excited, and twittered, but the female

escaped. This occurred more than once, when I lost

her.

«A male, disturbed as | came home (about 6:45 p.m.,

when the sun was setting), hopped vigorously, but did

not open his wings.” ‘This latter observation is of inte-

rest, because the males always took to flight, when dis-

turbed,.on other occasions.

“ SepTeMBER 7.—On placing the female near the male,

he became excited, and made a twittering sound with

his legs. The female, in moving off, showed the red

Courtship of certain European Acridiide. 251

under wings, but even in the open path, the male seemed

to lose her at once. In another case, when the female

came near, the male jumped right away.”

It is noteworthy that most of the observations upon

the last-named two species were made late in the after-

noon, when the sun was losing its power.

(HDIPODA CHRULESCENS.

I had long wished to study the courtship of these

beautiful insects, but there were none round the Weiss-

horn Hotel. Lower, at San Luc (5390 feet), they began

to appear, and still lower, at Vissoye (4006 feet), and all

along the main valley road, they were excessively abun-

dant. They are always difficult to observe, because they

haunt places where the combination of direct heat with

that reflected from rocks or bare slopes, is almost un-

bearable. I had no time to observe them until we had

come down to Fribourg.

September 9.—These insects were very abundant in a

large gravel pit, just outside the gate of the town, on the

road to La Roche. There is little doubt that they be-

longed to the above-named species. They were very lively,

continually flitting about over the bare earthand gravel.

They are very shy, and it is necessary to keep perfectly

still in the intolerable heat, in order to watch their habits.

I noticed that the males move their third legs as if in

stridulation, but that no audible sound was emitted.

There is an apparent lack of intention and effort about

their movement which suggested that the habit is pro-

bably only a vestige, and possesses no other significance.

The legs were raised, and seemed to be allowed to drop

by their own weight. Furthermore, these strokes were

not repeated at regular intervals, but quite irregularly,

and often singly. In this case I did not secure any

material, and therefore cannot speak with any confidence ;

but I anticipate that the legs will be found to be without

the sound-producing structures.

A female remained motionless on the ground near to

me. She was much larger than the males, and the ex-

posed surface of her body and wings was of a redder

brown. ‘The males were extremely acute in detecting

her presence, although she made no movement, and

looked exactly like a part of the ground. Whenever a

252 ~=Prof. E. B. Poulton on European Acridiide.

male perceived her, he instantly approached without any

preliminary courtship, leaped upon her back, remained a

few seconds, and then voluntarily left her. The female

did not make any apparent movement, although I saw

quite half-a-dozen males leap upon her in the course of

afew minutes. The males never met near her, and I

saw no signs of any fighting. I could not tell whether

there was any actual pairing, but it is improbable that

this could have occurred in so short a time. It is likely

that the males found that she was in some way unfit for

pairing, and then left her. I have already implied that

there was no special display of the beautiful blue under

wings for the benefit of the female.

I trust that I may be able to make further observations

upon these beautiful and interesting insects at some later

date.

“—_—_

(ey)

XI. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). By

Proressorn Samugen Wenpett Wituiston. (Dolv-

chopodide and Phoridw, by Proressor J. M.

ALprica.) Communicated by Davip SHarp, M.A.,

F.R.S , on behalf of the Committee for investigat-

ing the Fiora and Fauna of the West Indies.

[Read March 4th, 1896. ]

Prares VIII, IX., X., X1., XIL,; XI. and XIV.

[THis paper is a list, accompanied with descriptions, of

the Diptera found iu the island of St. Vincent, by Mr. H.

H. Smith, the well-known American entomologist, who

was sent to the islands by F. D. Godman, Esq., F.R.S.,

to assist the Committee in its investigations. Some

general remarks by the Author will be found at the end

of the paper. A second memoir, treating of the Diptera

of the neighbouring island of Grenada, will, it is hoped,

be almost immediately ready for publication, the present

instalment having been in the hands of the Committee

for upwards of two years.—D. 8.]

CECIDOMYIIDA.

Dipuosis.

Loew, Dipt. Beitr., iv., 20, 1850.

1. Diplosis pictipes, n. sp.

dé. Face yellow. Antennz as long as the wings, yellow, the

joints alternately double, with their petioles as long as the thickened

portion. Mesonotum opaque red; two slender stripes and the

middle portion behind yellow. Abdomen reddish-yellow. Legs

black ; the distal two-fifths of the front femora, the immediate

tip of the hind femora, the tip of the hind tibiz ; a broad ring on

the second, third, and fourth joints of all the tarsi, and the

terminal portion of the fifth joint, light yellow. Wings with

black hair, forming irregular markings ; third vein gently curved,

terminating just beyond the tip of the wing. Length 15 mm.

Four specimens.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—part ul. (sEpr.) 18

254 Professor Williston on the

2. Diplosis, sp. (Pl. VIIL, fig. 1, wing.)

@. Antenne about as long as the wings ; all the joints single,

the petioles a little shorter than the thickened portion. Yellow,

the mesonotum somewhat brownish, the abdomen, tibiz, and tarsi

infuscated. Wings nearly hyaline, black haired. Length 1} mm.

3. Duplosis, sp.

g. Very much like the preceding species, but with each alter-

nate joint of the antenne double.

4, ? Diplosis, sp. (Pl. Vill., fig. 2, wing.)

Two specimens, with the antenne incomplete, I refer

doubtfully to this genus. The antennz are not petio-

lated, and resemble those of Asphondulia, but have the

joints provided with long hairs, as in this genus.

WINNERTZIA.

Rondani, Dipt. Ital. Prodri, 1856.

1. Winnerizia, sp. (Pl. VIII., fig. 3, wing.)

Two specimens, male and female ; both injured.

Mriastror.

Meinert, Natur. Tijdschr., 3 R., ii., 156, 1864,

1. Miastor, sp. (Pl. ViIl., figs. 4, wing ; and 4a, part of

antenna. )

A single specimen of a species which seems to present

all the essential characters of this genus. The wings

have the first and third veins distinct, but lack the

posterior forked cell. The legs are short and not slender.

‘The tibize are as long as the first two joints of the tarsi

together, and the first joint is a half longer than the

second.

Hapwusia.

Karsch, Revision der Gallmiicken, p. 15, 1878.

1. Haplusia, sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 5, wing.)

A single specimen of a minute species shows evident

relationship to this genus, though I am not fully satisfied

that it should be located in it.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 255

The neuration is very nearly the same as that of the type species

(comp. Karsch, J. ¢., fig. 1). The first joint of the tarsi is about

one-third of the length of the second joint, which is as*long as all

the other joints together. The fifth joint is widened, somewhat

disk-like, and is as long as the preceding joint. The head is wanting.

The colour of the remainder of the insect is light yellow, with the

mesonotum brown. Length about } mm.

TRICHOPTEROMYIA, 0. &.

Allied to Diomyza (in Schiner’s sense), but the first and third

longitudinal veins are not crowded together anteriorly, the third

vein terminating at the tip of the wing. Wings broad, very hairy ;

proximal section of the third vein straight, the distal section

nearly straight; prefurca of forked cell scarcely longer than the

sixth vein. Antenne with the joints distinctly petiolate ; the

distal portion of the antennz in both specimens is wanting.

Metatarsi longer than the following two joints together.

The genus Diomyza is, as yet, not well known, and I

do not feel quite sure of its distinctive characters. As

Schiner defines it, it differs from Lasioptera only in the

elongate metatarsi. However, there has been much

confusion in the application of the name Diomyza, as

Karsch has shown (Revision der Gallmiicken, p. 13),

and it may be that the name will have to be abandoned.

The present genus seems to be the only other one known

with elongate metatarsi, in which the fifth vein is forked.

1. Trichopteromyia modesta, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL., figs. 6,

wing; 6a, tarsus ; 6b, part of antenna.)

2. Reddish-yellow, opaque; the pleurew, venter, and legs

yellow ; the front and tip of abdomen blackish, the metanotum

brownish. Antenne brownish-yellow, with black hair. Wings

hyaline beneath the dense blackish hair. Length nearly 2 mm.

Two specimens.

MYCETOPHILIDA.

Macrocera.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 11., 261, 1803.

1. Macrocera concinna, n. sp. (PI. VIIL., fig. 7, wing.)

g, 2. Yellow. Mesonotum with three brown stripes ; wings

cinereous, with a large central brown spot, a spot at the tip of the

thickened first vein, the tip of the wing and a small cuneate spot

256 Professor Williston on the

in the first basal cell. Length 4-5 mm.; of the antennz, male,

16 mm. ; female, 7 mm.

¢. Head light yellow, the ocelli black. Antenne about four

times the length of the body ; brownish, toward the base brownish-

yellow. Palpi brown. Mesonotum yellow, with three brown

stripes, the middle one extending to the collar, the lateral ones

abbreviated in front and turned downwards to connect with a

vertical brown stripe on the pleure. Pleurz light yellow, with a

brown spot in front of the halteres, in addition to the vertical

stripe, whieh extends to the middle cox. Scutellum and meta-

notum brown. Abdomen yellow, the proximal segments some-

what infuscated toward their base ; hair black. Legs light yellow ;

tarsi infuscated ; front tibiz suddenly dilated at their tip. Wings

cinereous hyaline ; a dark brown spot at the junction of the third”

and fourth veins, extending back to the angle of the posterior

basal cross-vein ; a similarly coloured spot at the tip of the first

vein, reaching across the third longitudinal vein; the tip of the

wing is broadly brownish, and there is a small brown spot in front

of the fourth vein, opposite the tip of the auxiliary vein ; anterior

cells yellowish; anterior branch of the third vein oblique and

pallid.

9. In the single female specimen, the colour is more reddish-

yellow, ‘the abdomen is red with the posterior margin of the

segments yellow. Antenne only about twice the length of the

body.

Seven specimens. Sea level, and 1090 feet. This

species seems to be related to M. inconcinna, Loew, but

differs especially in the markings of the thorax.

PLATYURA.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., i1., 264, 1803.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. The anterior branch of the third vein terminates in the

first longitudinal vein. . . - » parva, n. sp.

The anterior branch of the third longitudinal vein termi-

nates in the costa beyond the end of the first vein . 2

2. Wings with brown spots. . . . . . . . piéctipennis, n. sp.

Wings uniformly infuscated’ .. . . « «© «= eit Grn 3

3. Auxiliary vein very Shorter ee «+s = egnovdzs nN. Sp.

The auxiliary vein terminates apposite the origin of the

third longitudinal vein . . . . . . fasciventris, n. sp.

ba |

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies), 2%

1. Platyura parva, n. sp.

g. Antenne brownish-yellow, shorter than the thorax,

Posterior part of the mesonotum, the narrow lateral margins,

and three slender stripes, brown or black ; elsewhere the thorax

is yellow, save two spots on the pleure, and the metanotum for

the greater part, which are black. Abdomen cylindrical, black,

the venter and immediate base yellowish. Cox and legs yellow ;

the terminal portion of the tibis, and the tarsi, brownish; meta-

tarsi about three-fourths of the length of the tibiz ; all the tibize

with a single spur and without spines. Wings lightly tinged ; the

anterior branch of the third vein terminates in the first vein near

its tip. Length 23-3 mm.

‘wo specimens.

2. Platyura ignobilis, n. sp. (Pl. VIII., fig. 9, wing.)

$. Base of antennz and the face yellow ; front and occiput

blackish. Thorax reddish-yellow, the dorsum with black hair

arranged in distinct rows. Scutellum and metanotum brownish.

Abdomen brownish-yellow, with black hair. Legs yellow, the tarsi

infuscated ; front metatarsi not more than three-fourths the length

of the tibia. Wings uniformly subinfuscated ; the anterior branch

of the third vein is nearly rectangular, terminating in the costa.

Length 5-4 mm.

3. Platyura pictipennis, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 10, wing.)

$, @. Frontand face yellowish or brownish, the palpi darker

coloured. Antenne brownish, about as long as the thorax, mode-

rately compressed. Thorax yellow; the dorsum, save a yellowish

spot or stripe in the middle, and the yellow lateral margins, brown

or black ; disk and sides of the metanotum brown. Abdomen

brown or blackish-brown, the posterior margin of each segment

yellow. Legs, including the coxz, yellow, the distal portion of the

tibize, and the tarsi, brownish ; tibiz without spines; front tibize

and metatarsi of nearly equal length, the hind metatarsi shorter

than their tibiz ; all the tibixe with a single spur. Wings nearly

hyaline, with markings as follows: a large brown spot, reaching

from the costa to the fifth vein, over the prefurca ; another of about

the same size in the outer part of the first posterior cell ; and

smaller ones in all the cells on the posterior side of the wing ; the

anterior branch of the third vein runs into the costa a little beyoud

the tip of the first vein. Length 5-35 mm.

Six specimens.

258 Professor Williston on the

4. Platyura fasciwventris, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL, fig. 11, wing.)

¢. Head and basal joints of the antennz reddish-yellow, the

distal joints of the antenne black or brownish-black; the oval

ocellar spot black. Front broad, the orbits emarginate. Thorax

reddish-yellow ; the dorsum red, with four brown stripes, sometimes

feebly marked or obsolete. Abdomen red, or reddish-yellow, with

a black band of variable width at the posterior part of each seg-

ment; venter yellow. Coxz and femora light yellow; tibize

yellow, the tarsi brownish ; tibize without spines ; metatarsi about

as long as their tibiz ; all the tibiz with a single terminal spur.

Wings uniformly brownish; anterior branch of the third vein

oblique, terminating in the costa. Length 5-6 mm.

Three specimens. The antennz are about as long as

the dorsum of the thorax.

CEROPLATUS.

Bosc., Actes de la Soc. d’Hist. Nat. de Paris, i., 1, 42,

1792.

1. Ceropbatus longimanus, n. sp. (Pl. VII., fig. 12, wing.)

¢. Mesonotum with yellow and black stripes. Abdomen black,

with yellow lateral spots. Length 6 mm.

Face yellow, very narrow. Palpi and first two jvints

of the antenne yellow; remainder of the antenne dark

brown. Antenne about as long as the dorsum of the thorax.

Front narrow, the sides gently convex, black, except on the lower-

most portion ; the two large ocelli about equidistant from each

other and from the margins of the eyes. Occiput black. Thorax

yellow; the dorsum with three broad black stripes, enclosing two

narrow yellow stripes, which are convergent posteriorly ; the

median stripe enclosing a slender yellow stripe, which does not

reach beyond the middle ;:a large rounded spot on the mesopleur,

another below it on the mesosternum, and the sides of the meta-

notum, dark brown or black, the middle of the metanotum

brownish ; scutellum brown. Abdomen slender, cylindrical, dark

brown ; each segment, save the first and last, with an elongate

yellow spot on each side, reaching two-thirds of the way to the hind

margin ; genital organs yellow. Coxe light yellow, the hind pair

with a brown spot ; femora yellow, the base of the middle and

hind pairs brown ; tibize yellowish-brown ; tarsi brown ; no bristles

en the front femora ; front metatarsi about two and a-half times

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 259

the length of the tibix ; middle metatarsi a fourth or a third

longer than the tibize ; the hind pair scarcely longer; hind tibie

with two spurs. Wings tinged with brownish ; the anterior branch

of the third vein runs into the costa.

One specimen. “Cliff over mountain stream, under

overhanging rock, Sept. 1000 feet.”—H. H. Smith.

NEOGLAPHYROPTERA.

Osten Sacken, Cat. Dipt., p. 10, 1878, vice Glaphy-

roptera, Winnertz, Pilzmiicken, 145 (781), 1863

(preoc.).

1. Neoglaphyroptera nitens, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL, fig. 13,

wing.)

3, ¢. Mesonotum shining black ; wings infuscated. Length

4+ mm.

Front black or blackish, yellow on the lower part. Face yellow.

Antenne blackish, the basal joints yellowish, about as long as the

thorax. Mesonotum, scutellum, and metanotum shining black, the

bristles of the same colour. Pleurz yellow in front ; reddish-

brown behind. Abdomen slender ; shining black or deep brown,

the proximal segments in front yellow or yellowish ; venter yellow.

Tuberculum of halteres black. Coxee yellow ; femora nearly of the

same colour ; hind femora at the tip blackish; tibize brownish-

yellow; tarsi brown ; front tibiz shorter than the metatarsi ;

middle tarsi nearly a half longer than their tibiz ; hind tibixw and

tarsi of nearly equal length. Wings infuscated, the apex tinged

with blackish; a brown spot at the origin of the cross-vein.

Middle and hind tibiz with stout spurs,

Six specimens. 1000-1500 feet. In some of the

specimens the face is brown, the front wholly black, the

posterior part of the pleurz black, and the abdomen, for

the greater part, of the same colour. The species must

be nearly related to N. ventralis, Say, but the infuscated

wings and the absence of a distinct terminal fascia, seem

atuple to distinguish them.

2. Neoglaphyroptera concinna, n. sp.

9. Mesonotum reddish-yellow. Length 4 mm.

Antenne about as long as the thorax, brown or blackish, the

basal joints yellow. Front and face, lke the thorax, reddish-

yellow. Bristles and very short hair of the thorax black. Abdo-

260 Professor Williston on the

men reddish-yellow ; each segment with a large, subtriangular,

black spot, the base directed posteriorly and the apex reaching

nearly or quite to the anterior margin ; last segment wholly black.

Legs yellow, the tarsi brownish ; front metatarsi longer than the

tibiz ; middle tarsi a third longer than the tibiz ; hind tarsi of

about the same length as the tibiz. Wings tinged with brownish ;

an indistinct band across the outer part, and a similar spot at the

base of the anterior forked cell.

Four specimens.

Manora, n. g.

Head flattened, placed rather high as regards the thorax ; face

and front broad, the antenne situated high up, directed upwards

and forwards ; composed of sixteen joints closely united, the basal

joints a little differentiated from those of the flagellum. Three

ocelli of nearly equal size, situated near the vertex, in a gently

curved line, the lateral ones about as far from the inner borders of

the eyes as from the middle one. Palpi composed of three joints,

elongate, the terminal joint slender and directed angularly back-

wards. Dorsum of thorax moderately convex ; scutellum with short

bristles. Abdomen slender, flattened cylindrical. Femora stout,

flattened ; front and middle tibiz witb one, the hind tibize with

two spurs ; hind tibiz and metatarsi with a row of short bristles

on the outer side ; all the tibize without long bristles ; coxze elongate.

Wings longer than the abdomen ; auxiliary vein rudimentary ; the

first vein terminates before the middle of the wing; third vein

not furcate ; fourth vein wanting, save the distal portion of its

branches ; fifth vein furcate near the basal portion of the wing ;

the costa extends a considerable distance beyond the termination

of the third vein.

As in the following genus, the proximal portion of the

two outer veins is so wholly obliterated that it is impos-

sible to trace them.

1. Manota defecta, n. sp. (Pl. VIII., fig. 14.)

é. Antenne brown, densely pubescent, reaching nearly to the

middle of the abdomen if bent backward. Face and front

brownish-yellow. Mesonotum reddish or yellowish-brown, finely

white pubescent. Pleure a little lighter coloured. Coxe and

femora light yellow, the middle coxe near the upper part witha

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 261

small, oval, black spot: tibiae yellow. the tarsi more brownish.

Abdomen brown or blackish above. Wings tinged with brownish-

Leugth 2-24 mm.

Six specimens.

PRoBOLEUS, n. &.

Proboscis more than half of the length of the body, slender,

directed downwards and forwards, composed of five slender

bristles ; palpi wanting. Antennz sixteen-jointed, compressed,

the joints closely set together ; first two joints only a little

differentiated from the others. Head composed almost wholly of

the eyes; face very narrow ; front narrow below ; eyes pubescent.

Thorax strongly convex, nearly bare, a few short bristles on the

sides. Scutellum small, with about six small bristles. Abdomen

slender, elongate, longer than the wings ; male organs composed of

a pair of simple, fleshy forceps. Four anterior legs very slender ;

hind legs stouter and much elongate, the femora thickened, and

the tibize clubbed. Neuration defective; third vein entirely

separated from the first, and without anterior branch ; proximal

portion of the fourth and fifth veins wholly invisible ; sixth vein

complete. The costa reaches a considerable distance beyond the

tip of the third vein.

This genus is remarkable in the apparently entire

absence of the palpi. The closest examination of our

three specimens has failed to reveal any trace of them.

The labium, or sheath for the other mouth-parts, is

quite rudimentary. In the wings there is not the

faintest trace of the proximal portions of the fourth and

fifth veins; those portions that are present are by no

means weak. An equally minute examination fails to

show the ocelli, though I will not be positive that they

are not present. The presence of tibial spurs, the

moderately elongate coxie, and the general relationship

to other species of the family, especially Gnoriste, seem

to prove the correct location of the genus here.

1. Proboleus sinqularis, n.sp. (Pl. VILL., figs. 15, wing ;

15a, head ; 15), mouth-parts ; lic, hypopygium.)

¢. Front, face and occiput black. Antenne brown, the basal

joints somewhat yellowish. Mesonotum opaque deep reddish-

brown, the humeri and postalar callosities yellowish. Pleure

brown or yellowish-brown, shining. Abdomen black, the first

262 Professor Williston on the

segment and a posterior band on the second, third and fourth

segments yellow. Halteres yellow. Wings nearly hyaline, lightly

clouded on the outer part. Legs, including cox, light yellow ;

the tarsi and the thickened portion of the hind tibiz infuscated

or blackish. Length 4-5 mm.

Three specimens. “ Forest, 1800 feet, west slope of

Sonfriere, Sept. 23.’—H. H. Smith.

NEOEMPHERIA.

Osten Sacken, Cat. Dipt., 1878, p. 9, vice Hmpheria,

Winnertz, Pilzm., 102 (738), 1863 (preoc.).

1, Neoémpheria maculipennis, n. sp. (Pl. VIII., fig. 16,

wing.)

¢. Wings with brown markings; anterior branch of third

vein situated 2 little beyond the furcation of the fourth vein.

Length 5 mm.

Antenne about as long as the head and thorax together ; the

basal joints light yellow, the remainder with a brownish tinge.

Palpi brown; front and face yellow; mesonotum, except the

lateral margins, light brown, with black hair and bristles ; indis-

tinctly striped ; moderately shining. Pleurze, coxe and femora

light yellow. Scutellum, except at its base, light yellow, and with

two bristles on its margin. Abdomen light yellow, each segment

with a large black or brown spot, not reaching the hind margin,

Tibie and tarsi yellow, but appearing blackish from the abundant,

short, black hair; front tarsi more than twice the length of their

tibie. Wings nearly hyaline, with the following markings : the

tip of the subcostal cell and the submarginal cell beyond the

anterior brancb of the third vein, and the proximal end of the

first posterior cell, brown ; a more distinct brown spot clouding

the costal cross-vein, the basal section of the third vein, the base .

of the first posterior cell, and, more diffusely, along the posterior

branch of the fourth vein, to connect with a spot running from

the first posterior cell into the hindmost posterior cell ; a smaller

brownish spot in the axillary angle; costal and subcostal cells

yellowish ; costa produced beyond the tip of the third vein;

auterior branch of the third vein situated a little beyond the

furcation of the fourth vein.

Four specimens. 1000 feet.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 63

ScIOPHILA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., 1., 245, 1818.

1. Sciophila diluta,n. sp. (Pl. VIIL,, fig. 17, wing.)

¢@. Reddish yellow ; abdomen brown. Length 3 mm.

Antennz about as long as the head and thorax together, some-

what compressed ; light brown, the basal joints yellow. Front and

face brown or brownish-yellow, palpi brown. Thorax, cox and

femora reddish or luteous yellow; mesonotum brownish-yellow,

with black hair and bristles. Abdomen brown or yellowish-brown,

with black hairs. Tibix: brown ; tarsi blackish ; front metatarsi a

trifle shorter than their tibie ; hind tarsi scarcely longer than the

tibie, Wings tinged with brownish ; the costal vein terminates at

the tip of the third vein ; first submarginal cell very short; fur-

cation of the fifth vein very nearly opposite the origin of the third

vein.

Two specimens.

PHTHINIA.

Winnertz, Pilzmiicken, 143 (779), 1865.

1. Phthinia fraudulenta, n. sp. (Pl. VII., fig. 18, wing.)

¢. Brown or blackish and luteous ; wings hairy ; the auxiliary,

first and third veins with distinct, short, bristly hairs. Length

24-3 mm.

Antenne brown or blackish, the basal joints somewhat vellowish ;

the joints of the flagellum closely set together, somewhat com-

pressed. Front and face black or brownish-black. Mesonotum

reddish-brown, shining, with black hair ; pleura and coxe yellow.

Abdomen reddish-brown or blackish, black at the tip; venter

yellow. Legs yellow, the tarsi brownish, becoming black at the

tip; spurs of tibie stout; hind tibie with two rows of spines ;

front metatarsi distinctly shorter than their tibie ; hind tarsi

longer than their tibie., Wings tinged with blackish, due to the

easily perceptible pubescence.

T'wo specimens.

264 Professor Williston on the

MyYceropui.a.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., ii., 263, 1803.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1, Vein between the outer part of the first basal cell and the

second basal cell thickened. . . . . . nodulosa, n. sp.

Vein at outer part of first basal cell not thickened.

2. Hind metatarsi distinctly shorter than the remaining

joints together. . . . 2 = . ensuplens, 0. Sp.

Hind metatarsi about as loa as ine following joints

together 2). "a. Bs eee ck ee OLOS gS po

1. Mycetophila insipiens, n. sp. (Pl. VIL, fig. 19, wing.)

¢. Antenne about as long as the thorax, yellow ; brownish

toward the end. Front and face yellow. Mesonotum yellowish-

red. Abdomen reddish-yellow ; each segment broadly brown on

its posterior part. Legs, including the cox, light yellow ; front

tabi about one-third of the length of the tarsi, and shorter than

the metatarsi ; middle tibize with two large and one small bristles

on the inner side; middle and hind tibie with spines on the outer

side ; hind metatarsi distinctly shorter than the remaining joints

of the tarsi together. Wings tinged with yellowish ; a small

brownish cloud on the basal section of the third vein. Length

23 mn.

Six specimens.

2. Mycetophila dolosa, n. sp.

3. Antenne brown, somewhat compressed, the basal joints

yellowish. Front and face brown. Mesonotum dark brown,

opaque, with a thin yellowish sheen in some reflections. Abdomen

dark brown or black, the venter yellow Pleure yellowish-brown.

Coxe and legs light yellow, the tarsi appearing blackish from

the hair ; front tibie less than half of the length of the tarsi, and

a little longer than the metatarsi ; hind tibie with two rows of

spines on the outer side; middle tibize with spines on tbe inner

side ; hind metatarsi nearly as long as the following joints together.

Wings tinged with brownish, Length 23-3 mm.

3. Mycetophila nodulosa,n.sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 20, wing.)

6. Antenne brownish-yellow, the basal joints yellow ; longer

than the head and thorax together. Front and face light

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 265

ochraceous yellow. Palpi brown. Mesonotum light ochraceous

yellow, lightly white pruinose on the sides, and with blackish and

yellow hair. Pleurz brownish-yellow. Abdomen reddish-brown ;

pubescence chiefly black. Legs yellow, the cox and femora hght

yellow, the broad hind femora at the tip brown. Front tibize about

one-third of the length of the tarsi, and shorter than the metatarsi ;

middle tibize with spines on the inner side ; hind tibiz with two

rows of spines on the outer side. Wings lightly tinged; the outer

part of the first section of the fourth vein, the anterior cross-vein,

and the base of the second of the third vein, thickened, forming a

straight spindle-shaped mass. Length 24 mm.

Six specimens.

ScIARA,.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., ii., 263, 1803.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. First longitudinal vein reaching as far as the furcation of

the fourth vein . . . A Bee

First longitudinal vein not reabhing as ae as he re Eon

of fourth vein. . . , Ab

2. Insertion of third donetaainal vein nearer i he tip of

the wing than is the tip of the posterior branch of

thefourth vein . . . . germana, nD. sp.

Insertion of the third and itie posterior branch of the

fourth vein equidistant from the tip of the wing . . 3

eblackispecies).y 2) ss cahan ene a) 4 a CONCHA, ND. Sps

Yellow species . . : ee Ets

4. Furcation of the fifth sin iat veins beyond the

anterior end of the cross-vein, the angle very acute,

the prefurca more than one-half of the ie of the

sixth vein. . . aed

Furcation of fifth and ih veins Oppesite, or Razor the

origin of the cross-vein, less acute, the prefurca less

than one-half the length of the sixth vein. . . . . 6

5. Mesonotum shining black . . . . . . . | debilis,n. sp.

Mesonotum yellow and brown . . . . .~ delectata, n. sp.

6. Anterior branch of the anterior furcation strongly curved

forward in its basal portion. . . . . sygoneura, n. sp.

Anterior branch of the usual’form. .-. . . .+ .% 7

@. Yellow or yellowish-red species . \ . . . . 2-3’. . Sp.

Black species 29. s wet 5 ee ss egtialia, ne ap.

266 Professor Williston on the

- 1. Sciara germana, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL, fig. 21, wing.)

&, 9. Head black, opaque, thinly greyish dusted. Antenne

black, with white pubescence ; first joint of the flagellum some-

what yellowish. Thorax and halteres black ; mesonotum moderately

shining, with three rows of short black bristles ; pleurze whitish

dusted. Abdomen black or deep brown, venter on the sides

yellow or red in the female ; male forceps large. Legs pitchy

black. Wings blackish in front and along the veins, the cells

posteriorly subhyaline. The first vein reaches a little beyond the

furcation of the fourth vein ; the third vein reaches nearly to the

tip of the wing. Length 5-7 mm.

Numerous specimens. It is possible that this is the

same as S. nigra, Wiedemann, but the description is too

brief to afford any certainty that such is the case. It is

evidently closely related to S. thomex, of Kurope. The

origin of the third vein is a little before the middle of

the first vein.

2. Sciara concinna, n. sp.

¢. Front below the eyes and the face, brownish-red ; vertex

and occiput black, somewhat shining. Antenne black, shorter

than the abdomen ; basal joints yellowish ; proximal joints of the

flagellum with black pubescence, that of the distal joints whitish.

Thorax black ; humeri yellowish ; mesonotum moderately shining.

Abdomen black, with black hairs ; venter yellow. Coxe and femora

yellow ; tibize brownish ; tarsi black. Wings uniformly smoky or

blackish ; origin of the third vein a little before the middle of the

first, which reaches as far as the furcation of the fourth vein;

prefurea of fourth vein distinctly longer than the anterior branch ;

tip of the third and of the posterior branch of the fourth veins

equidistant from the tip of the wing. Length 23-3 mm.

Numerous specimens. ‘The male differs only in having

the antenne as long as the body.

3. Sciara debilis, n. sp. (Pl. VIII., fig. 22, wing.)

¢d. Vertex shining black, with black hair; front and face

reddish-brown ; palpi yellow. Antenne as long as the body,

luteous yellow, but obscured by the black pubescence. Thorax

light yellow, except the mesonotum and scutellum, which are

shining black ; humeri luteous. Abdomen black, with black hair ;

hypopygium yellowish. Coxe and femora light yellow ; tibiz and

tarsi brown. Wings smoky ; the third vein arises from beyond the

middle of the first vein, which does not reach as faras the furcation

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 267

of the fourth ; tip of third and of the posterior branch of the fourth

vein equidistant from the tip of the wing; prefurca of fourth

vein longer thamits branches ; furcation of fifth vein beyond the

origin of the anterior cross-vein, acute. Knob of halteres brown.

Length 2} mm.

Light specimens.

4, Sciara delectata, n. sp.

@. Antenne black, with grey and black pubescence, the scape

and first one or two joints of the flagellum yellow. Front and

face brownish-yellow, the occiput yellow. Thorax yellow, the

mesonotum with two elongated brown spots, and a median, less

conspicuous brown stripe. Abdomen yellow ; each segment with

a broad brown posterior band ; hypopygium large, light yellow, the

forceps brownish. Legs light yellow, the tarsi infuscated. Wings

nearly hyaline ; neuration nearly as in S. debilis, Length 2 mm.

Six specimens. Sea level, 1000.

5. Scvara, sp.

@. Light yellow ; bristles and hair black, rather strong.

Each segment of abdomen with a broad, posterior, dark-brown

band. Tarsi infuscated. Wings nearly hyaline; the first vein

terminates nearly opposite, or a little before the furcation of the

fourth vein ; the third takes its origin a little beyond the middle

of the first vein; tip of third and the posterior branch of the

fourth vein nearly equidistant from the tip of the wing. Length

3 mm.

One specimen ; antennze wanting.

6. Sciara zygoneura, n. sp. (Pl. VIII, fig. 23, wing.)

g. Occiput and vertex shining black; front below the

eyes, and the face, opaque black. Scape and first three or four

joints of the flagellum yellowish ; distal three joints white, with

white pubescence ; remaining joints black, with black pubescence.

Thorax black ; mesonotum shining, with two rows of short black

bristles ; scutellum shining black, with bristles on its border.

Venter and first two segments of the abdomen yellow ; remainder

of abdomen black or deep brown with yellow incisures ; ovipositor

black, lamellz yellowish; knob of the halteres brown. Legs

yellow, including the coxe ; terminal joints of the tarsi blackish ;

the tarsi and tibiz obscured by short black hairs. Wings lightly

brownish ; origin of third vein near the outer fourth of first vein ;

268 Professor Williston on the

termination of first vein at some distance before the furcation of

the fourth ; prefurca of fourth vein about as long as the posterior

branch ; anterior branch strongly curved forward in its anterior

portion, as in species of Zygoneura, Length 2 mm,

Hight specimens. ‘There are not more than one or

two joints of the flagellum which are yellow in some

specimens; apparently, also the number of white joints

at the tip may be limited to one. The humeri are some-

times red. The abdomen, when not drawn out, appears

almost wholly black in some specimens.

ZYGONEURA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., vi., 304, 1830.

1. Zygoneura sciastica, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL, figs. 24,

wing ; 24a, part of antenna.)

@. Dark brown, or blackish brown, opaque. Antenne as

long as the body, its pubescence in some reflection grey. Legs

luteous yellow ; tibize infuscated ; tarsi blackish. Wings nearly

hyaline ; neuration as in the figure. Length 1-15 mm.

One specimen.

SIMU LIIDA.

SIMULIUM.

Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., xiv., 294, 1804.

1. Simulium tarsale, n. sp. (Ple* VIM, figs. 25,

wing; 25a, front tarsus of 2.)

¢. Abdomen black, the proximal segments opaque, the distal

four segments shining. Length 2 mm.

Front and face black, with a light grey reflection. Antenne

yellow ; the distal joints somewhat brownish. Mesonotum deep

black ; in front, opaque with a silvery shimmer, and with sparse,

short, curly, golden-yellow tomentum ; behind, shining. Pleurse

black, whitish pruinose. Abdomen black, the basal segments

opaque, the distal four segments somewhat shining, and witha

delicate whitish pruinosity. Legs reddish-yellow; tarsi black,

except that the proximal half of the middle and hind metatarsi

light yellow ; first and third joints of the front pair each with two

long hairs ; second and third joints of the same pair. dilated, the

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 269

fourth and fifth very small; hind metatarsi elongate and stout,

the following two joints a little dilated, the fourth and fifth

small. Wings hyaline, veins yellow.

Three specimens.

BIBIONIDAH.

SCATOPSE.

Geoffroy, Hist. Nat. d. Ins., i1., 545, 1764.

1. Scatopse pygmxa. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 26, wing.)

Scatopse pygmxa, Loew, Centur., v., 13.

Hab. District of Columbia.

dé. Black, but little shining, the margins of the mesonotum,

the scutellum, the pleurz in part, femora in part, knob of haltercs,

and tip of abdomen somewhat lighter coloured or brown. The

tibize in part, and the tarsi, yellow or yellowish. Antennz black,

stout, the joints closely united, and gradually increasing in width

to very near the tip. Wings greyish hyaline, the anterior

thickened veins dark brown, the others light yellowish ; the short

veins do not reach nearly to the middle of the wing ; the short

prefurca of the forked cell takes its origin nearly opposite the

connecting cross-vein of the subcostal cell; the branches of the

forked cell are very long and strongly curved away from each

other near the margin of the wing. Length 2 mm.

One specimen. Loew’s description agrees well with

this specimen, still, the identity cannot be positively

stated without comparison of specimens from the United

States.

BLEPHAROCERIDA.

PaLtosToma.

Schiner, Verh. Zool.- Bot., Ges., 1866, p. 981.

1. Paltostoma schineri, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL., figs. 27, wing ;

27a, hypopygium ; 275, head of ¢.)

3. Mesonotum without black spots. Length 2}-3 mm., of

wings 5-6 mm.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—ParT im. (serr.) 19

270 Professor Williston on the

Front yellow or yellowish-red ; in width a little less than one-

third of the head ; facets of the eyes uniform in size. Antenne

brown or blackish, finely pubescent, composed of thirteen joints,

of which the first two are swollen, and the third somewhat dilated.

Palpi small, for the most part concealed. Proboscis nearly four

times as long as the vertical diameter of the head. Eyes pube-

scent. Thorax yellow or yellowish-red, the mesonotum a little

darker in front, the pleure with patches of silvery lustre.

Abdomen dark brown, the basal segments more or less yellowish.

Legs yellow, the femora with blackish bands on the distal half,

the tarsi blackish towards the tip ; hind tibiz with spurs. Wings

pure hyaline.

lour specimens. ‘The present species, though seem-

ing to agree closely in its structural characters with

P. superbiens, Schiner, differs, aside from the markedly

smaller size, in the absence of black spots on the

mesonotum. It is not at all improbable that our

specimens are conspecific with those mentioned by

Osten Sacken (Cat. Dipt., 1973, 17,218) as occurring in

Mexico.

Sackeniella, n.n.—Since the appearance of my paper

(Kansas Univ. Quart., i., p. 119) in which I described a

new genus of this family, I have discovered that the

name Snowia, there used, has been previously employed

for a genus of Lepidoptera. I here therefore substitute

Sackeiiella in honour of Dr. C. R. Osten Sacken.

CULICIDA.

MEGARRHINA.

Rok. Desvoidy, Essai, etc., in Mem. de la ‘Soc. d’Hist.

nat. de Paris, 11., 412, 1827.

1. Megarrhina portoricensis. (Pl. VIII, fig. 28, head

of ¢ ; 28a, wing.)

Megarrhina portoricensis, Roeder, Stett. Ent. Zeit.,

1885, p. 337.—Porto Rico.

Two specimens, male and female. Sea level.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 271

AADES.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., i., 18, 1818.

1. Ades pertinans, n. sp. (Pl. VIII., figs. 29, antenna;

29a, hypopygium.)

¢,@. Face, basal joints of antennz and base of proboscis yellow-

ish ; antenne and proboscis otherwise nearly black, the former

only a little more hairy in the male than in the female, the

terminal joint of the male only a little longer than the preceding

ones. Mesonotum brown, thickly covered with dark brown

squamule ; pleuree yellow, with white tomentum, Abdomen deep

brown, with brown squamule ; venter yellow, with white squa-

mulz ; male forceps small, yellow. Legs deep brown ; the femora,

and, ina less degree, the tibiz showing the yellow ground-colour

on the underside. Wings nearly hyaline ; veins uniformly brown

squamulate. Length 3 mm.

Six specimens. Sea level and 1000 feet.

2. Afdes perturbans, 3, ¢. (Pl. VIII, fig. 30, head of ?.)

&, 9. Head black. Antenne brown; plumosity of. the male

long, abundant and black ; terminal joint as long as the seven or

eight preceding it together, and clothed with short hair ; in the

female the joints are more slender, and the terminal one is not

longer thin the two preceding it taken together, the verticils of

moderate length, Proboscis black, as long as the abdomen ; palpi

brown. Thorax yellow, the mesonotum a little darker, and

clothed with brown squamule. Abdomen yellowish, brownish-

yellow or brown, the terminal segments and the hy popygium

brown or blackish ; clothed above with brown squamule. Legs

brown or blackish, the femora, for the most part, yellow, and

with a purplish or greyish reflection in some lights; in some

specimens the tibixe largely yellowish beneath the tomentum.

Veins of the wings uniformly dark-brown squamulate. Length

4-5 mm.

Eight specimens.

H#MAGOGUS, n. &.

Allied to Avdes. Palpi short in both sexes ; five-jointed, the

first and fifth small, the second nearly as long as the third and

fourth together. Anterior claws of male inequilaterally uni-

pectinate ; of the female simple.

272, Professor Williston on the

1. Hemagogus splendens,n. sp. (Pl. 1X., figs. 31, head

of 2; 3la, palpus; 31), claw of ¢ ; 3lc, wing.)

@. In ground-colour deep black, the base of the femora, and

the coxee in part, somewhat yellowish, Occiput, mesonotum and

scutellum wholly covered with brilliant green and coppery squa-

mule ; pleuree densely snow-white squamulate. Abdomen brilliant

steel-blue, in some reflections black; a spot on the sides of each

segment snow-white. Legs blue, like the abdomen, shining black

in some reflections ; the undersides of the femora, towards the

base, with white squamule. Wings hyaline, somewhat brownish

in front, squamule black, evenly distributed. Length 5 mm.

hight specimens. 1000 feet. The single male

specimen was injured after the drawings were made. It

does not appear to differ, however, from the female. The

colouring must be much like that of Culex cyaneus, save

of head and thorax.

CuLex.

1. Culex mosquito.

Oulex fasciatus, Wiedemann (nec Fabricius), Auss.

Linens); 12, 0

Culex mosquito, Rob. Desvoidy, Culicides, etc., 390 ;

Guerin et Percheron, Genera, etc., Dipt., pl. i,

fig. 1; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., 7..35; F. Lynch,

A., Dipt. Argent. Culicide, 69, pl. in, fig. 1.

‘Culex frater, Rob. Desvoidy, Culicides, ete.

A single female specimen, to which Lynch’s descrip-

tion applies well, and whom I follow in the above-quoted

synonymy. That OC. fasciatus, Fabricius, is different

from C. fasciatus, Wiedemann, seems evident, but that

the present species is the same as the latter is not so

fully apparent to me. Wiedemann says that “ An den

vordern Fusswurzeln ist die aisserste Basis der ein-

zelnen Glieder schneeweiss,” while it 1s only the first

joit that is thus marked in this species.

2. Culex, sp.

Several specimens of a luteous species, which are too

ill-preserved to describe.

wh)

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies).

CHIRONOMIDA.

CHIRONOMUS.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 11., 260, 1893.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. Front metatarsi not more than one-and-a-half times the

length of the front tibie . . . Poe a

Front metatarsi two or more times the fonath of ihe tibie. 2

Ze Wingsespouted « . 2 = 4. 2 6 = . = splopterus, nm. sp,

Wings not spotted. . . . . . dnonymus, Q. sp.

3. Dorsum of thorax yellow, arti be own stripes forming

AVS a 5 6 5 5p 2 6 6 6 COGIC, Ws 150:

Dorsum not so mar eed Pee) 5 Se eros) i eg ek

4. Dorsum of thorax with dark brown apotat . étnnocuus, n, Sp.

Dorsum yellow, or brownish yellow, not ae, oy ark ie

Se Wholly light yellow “3 Ss 4s 42 =. 3 ee PES ORO

Abdomen brown or black . . . . . . . . lugubris, n. sp.

1. Chironomus spilopterus, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 32, wing.)

¢, 9. Face and front yellowish brown. Basal joint of antennz

brownish-yellow ; flagellum brownish, the plumosity of the male

blackish grey. Mesonotum brown or yellowish-brown, lightly

whitish dusted ; in well-preserved specimens brown vittate on the

sides, and in front in the middle. Pleurz black, in part luteous.

Scutellum yellow or yellowish-brown. Abdomen black, with

yellowish hair ; in the male, slender ; in the female, broader, and

with a whitish posterior margin to the segments. Legs yellow,

with rather abundant yellow hair; femora in part brown or

brownish ; front tibiz not more than one-half of the length of the

front metatarsi. Wings whitish hyaline, with pale blackish spots,

which are more distinct when seen obliquely, and situated as

follows: One near the base, another near the middle, and a third

near or at the tip of the first posterior cell ; a streak near the

middle, and a spot near the tip of the cell in front of the forked

cell ; a spot on the posterior branch of the furcation, and one or

two in the anal angle. Length 13-2} mm,

‘Enght specimens.

274 Professor Williston on the

2. Chironomus anonymus, n. sp.

¢. Head red, or reddish-yellow, the front more yellow.

Antenne brown, the first joint red ; plumosity at the tip blackish.

Mesonotum light brownish-red ; two stripes and the humeri

yellow ; scutellum light yellow. Pleurw light brownish or reddish-

yellow. Metanotum brown. Abdomen blackish, the first segment

and the distal part of the next two or three segments yellow or

yellowish. Legs yellow ; the immediate tip of the tibize and the

tip of all the tarsal joints dark brown; proximal end of the front

tibiae also brown ; front tibiz about one-half of the length of their

metatarsi, and not longer than the second joint. Wings nearly

hyaline. Length 4-5 mm.

3. Chironomus longimanus,n. sp. (Pl. 1X., fig. 35, wing.)

¢. Head yellow. Antenne, save the basal joint, black or deep

brown, the plumosity greyish-black. Thorax light yellow; a

blackish-brown stripe, running from in front of the root of each

wing, and joining in the middle in front, forming a \/-shaped figure;

below these stripes the sides of the mesonotum are of a purer

yellow ; the metanotum and a spot below the halteres blackish.

Abdomen yellow ; a black band on the posterior margin of the

first and second segments; the fourth segment, the posterior, or

greater part of the fifth segment, and the hypopygium, black or

dark brown. Legs yellow ; the base and tip of the four posterior

femora, and the proximal end of their tibie brown ; front legs

much elongate, the metatarsi about one-fourth longer than their

tibia. Wings nearly hyaline. Length 3-4 mm.

Numerous specimens,

4. Chironomus lugubris, n. sp.

¢. Similar to Ch. longimanus, but differs in lacking the brown

stripes of the mesonotum, which is uniformly light yellow, in the

abdomen being uniformly brown, and in the femora being wholly

light yellow. Length 3-4 mm.

Six specimens.

5. Chironomus innocuus, n. sp.

¢. Head and basal joints of the autennex light yellowish ; palpi

brown ; antenne brown. Thorax light yellow ; mesonotum with

a broad brown stripe in the middle in front, and, on either side,

an oval brown spot, the three separated, aud the middle stripe

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 275

bisected, by a slender yellow stripe. Scutellum light yellow.

Metanotum brown; halteres brown. Abdomen black, with black

hair ; the seventh and eighth segments light yellow, with yellow

hair. Legs light yellow; the extreme tip of the four posterior

tibize black ; distal joints of the front tarsi’ infuscated, as also the

front tibie ; front metatarsi about one-third longer than their

tibie. Wings hyaline. Length 3-4 mm.

6. Chironomus, n. sp.

3. Light yellow, the antennz brownish, and, rarely, the pos-

terior part of the abdomen also brownish. Extreme tip of the

four posterior tibiz black ; front metatarsi about one-fourth longer

than their tibie. Wings hyaline ; anal angle only feebly indicated.

Length 2-24 mm.

OkTHOCLADIUS.

Van der Wulp, Tijdschr. voor Entom., xvi., Ixx., 1874.

1. Orthocladius debilis, n. sp. (Pl. 1X., fig. 34, wing.)

g. Red orreddish-yellow. Plumosity of the antennz brownish-

black. Mesonotum with three shining brown spots or stripes,

narrowly separated. Abdomen slender; each segment with a

brown posterior band. Legs yellow ; front femora brown on the

distal end; front tibiz light yellow on the proximal half or two-

fifths, dark brown on the distal portion, about one-third longer

than the corresponding metatarsi ; front tarsi infuscated ; the four

posterior femora somewhat infuscated distally. | Wings hyaline.

Length 23-3 mm.

TANYPUS.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., ii., 261, 1803.

1. Tanypus flaveolus, n. sp.

g. Posterior forked cell not petiolate ; wings hairy; front

metatarsi nearly as long as their tibie. Light yellow ; antenne

brownish, the plumosity grey ; abdomen somewhat infuscated to-

ward the tip; legs light yellow throughout, with rather abundant

light yellow hair ; wings hyaline, clothed moderately densely with

grey hair. Length 14-2 mm.

276 Professor Williston on the

2. Tanypus indecisus, n. sp. (Pl. 1X., fig. 85, wing.)

4, 2. Wings hairy ; posterior forked cell not petiolate ; front

metatarsi shorter than their tibie. Head and basal joint of the

antennz reddish-yellow; palpi and the remainder of the antennze

brownish-yellow ; antennal plumosity of the male grey, towards

the tip blackish. Thorax reddish-yellow; bare, opaque, with three

slender, reddish-brown stripes in front, separated by ashy intervals ;

on each side posteriorly with an elongate brown spot, the middle

of which is ashy ; scutellum light yellow ; metanotum brownish-

red, Abdomen slender ; opaque brown, the posterior angles and

borders of the segments ashy; the yellow of the venter some-

times encroaches upon the brown of the dorsum; sixth and

seventh segments more distinctly yellow ; the seventh and eighth

segments with the posterior portion blackish. Legs yellow, less

hairy than in 7. flaveolus. Wings hyaline, moderately hairy.

Length 13-2} mm.

CERATOPOGON.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 11., 1803.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. Two subcostal cells, that is. the third vein is either con-

tiguous or connected by a cross-vein with the first

vein ;

One subcostal cell ; Whe ‘mince vein is distinctly eoraented

from the first “throughout its course, and is not con-

oN)

nected with it by a cross-vein Z,

2. A small, round, black spot just back of the ie of thes

third vein™. ">. 2 2/5) Son 2 3. “puncipennis.n-isp,

No Suchispots. 2.0.) 7: . . « venustulus, n. sp.

3. Metatarsi shorter than ae following Seine wings hairy. . 4

Metatarsi much longer than the following joint. . . . . 6

4, Antenne not longer than the mesonotum ; wings densely

hairy. 35 = . . . eriophorus, n. sp.

Antenne distinctly ones dan ene neon tay 2 . &

5. Abdomen banded; hind metatarsi about one-half i

length of the following joint . . . propinquus, n. sp.

Abdomen not banded ; hind metatarsi about one-third the

length of the following joint; tarsi very slender

flavus, n. sp.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 277

6. The posterior branch of the fourth vein arises before the

origin of the anterior cross-vein ; wholly deep black,

longicornis, N. Sp.

The fureation of the fourth vein occurs beyond the cross-

vein i ees ok oe ee |

7. Wings bare, or ee at the cn ake ee i a a eee

Wings hairy throughout, ormearlyso . .... -. . 213

8. Black species ; mesonotum ae bee oe) gee Near shies me Sp:

Mesonotum not shining . . c : 5 Uw

9. Abdomen opaque black, eat a “sleate eller meds n

stripe and incisures. . =. . : « « - lturatus, n. Sp:

Abdomen without distinct markings. . . Sed)

10. Wings with distinct markings; first and third veins iaiee

tuctly, separable ay see Chess che) a eel

Wings without distinct markings. . . ae) SCQUGL, Ne Sp:

11. Wings with three blackish spots along the costa, the other

markings pale or obsolete. . . . «| « s@ecorms Spr

One blackish spot on the costa at the tip e the first vein,

the other markings distinct . . . . Br

12. Dorsum of thorax light opaque yellowish . Piiebetsnes n. sp.

Dorsum of thorax with numerous, rounded, dark brown

spots on a yellowish-grey ground . . maculithorux, ©. sp.

13. Deep black; mesonotum shining. . . . . pygmcus, 0. sp.

Thorax yellow or brownish-yellow . . . . . . lotus, n. sp.

1. Ceratopogon maculithorax, n. sp. (Pl. IX.,

wing.)

for)

@. Wings hairy at the tip; third vein contiguous with the

first, terminating at or near the middle of the wing ; fourth vein

with a prefurca, though indistinct ; metatarsi as long as the fol-

lowing joints together. Proboscis, palpi. face, front and basal

joint of antennze yellowish-brown; proboscis slender ; second

joint of palpi thickened. Antenne yellow, not as long as the

thorax. Mesonotum opaque yellowish-grey, with numerous, small,

rounded, dark-brown spots on a yellowish-grey ground, hair not

abundant or long, yellow. Scutellum yellow on the sides, brown

in the middle. Halteres light yellow. Pleurz black and luteous,

lightly greyish pruinose. Legs yellow; all the femora, and the

front and hind tibiz with a broad blackish ring; the immediate

tip of the femora also blackish. Wings with pale brown markings

with hyaline or whitish spots and streaks ; a spot at the tip of the

first and third veins blackish. Length 2 mm.

One specimen.

278 Professor Williston on the

2. Ceratopogon pygmexus, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 37, wing.)

@. Shining black ; wings hairy ; first and third veins closely

approximated, terminating before the middle of the wing. Meta-

tarsi nearly as long as the following joints together. Black ;

antennze brown ; scutellum and halteres yellow, genital organs and

legs luteous. Mesonotum shining. Abdomen opaque. Wings

hyaline, sparsely hairy. Length 1 mm.

Three specimens. Sea level.

3. Ceratopogon venustulus, n. sp. (PI. IX., figs. 38,

wing; 38a, front leg ; 38), palpus. )

9. The third longitudinal vein terminates in the costa

towards the tip of the wing, distinctly separated from, and not

connected by a cross-vein with, the first longitudinal vein ; front

femora with spines on the inner underside ; claws not denticulate,

and without pulvilli ; wings bare. Deep black. Antenne reddish-

brown, slender ; if turned backward, reaching about to the middle

of the mesonotum. Mesonotum deep shining black, Abdomen

opaque, black, elongate. Halteres black. Legs black ; the base

of the femora, and the tibiz more or less yellowish; first two or

three joints of the tarsi yellow or luteous ; hind tibiz with fine,

not very long, black hairs on the outer side ; metatarsi slender, as

long as the three following joints together. Wings nearly hyaline,

bare. 14-15 mm.

Five specimens. Sea level. May. In one of the

specimens, the legs are yellow throughout, but [ do not

distingaish other differences. It is possible that this

species is the same as C. trivialis, Loew, but the

difference in size and the colour of the tarsi render

the identity doubtful.

A, Ceratopogon punctipennis,n. sp. (PL. IX., fig. 39, wing.)

d, 2. Wings bare ; one subcostal cell, the third vein is well

separated from the first, and terminates beyond the middle of the

wing ; prefurca of fourth vein obsolete or nearly so; first joint of

the tarsi elongate, fourth short, fifth elongate ; pulvilli wanting.

Plumosity of the male antennz yellow ; terminal joints in both

sexes black, the basal joint reddish, Face and proboscis dark

brown ; palpi slender, the second joint clongate. Thorax black ;

mesonotum opaque, with whitish pubescence, variable in different

lights. Abdomen deep brown or black, with a whitish, variable

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 279

pruinosity. Femora and tibie yellowish-brown or reddish-brown ;

tarsi yellow, the tip of each joint brown or black ; all the femora

on the upper side distally, and all the tabi on the outer side,

most conspicuous in the hind pair, with black bristles. Wings

nearly hyaline ; a rounded blackish spot back of the third vein at

its tip, and a smaller one nearly opposite on the fourth vein.

Length 3 mm.

5. Oeratopogon eriophorus, n. sp. (PI. IX., figs. 40,

tarsus ; 40a, antenna; 400, palpus.)

g. Wings densely hairy ; the third vein scarcely distinguishable

from the first. and terminating before the middle of the wing;

metatarsi about one-half of the length of the following joint,

the last joint not elongate; pulvilli’ hairy. Face, antenns

and palpi brown or black ; second joint of the latter much

thickened, the third slender. Antenne yellow, somewhat infuscated

distally. Mesonotum dark-brown or black, opaque, and with

abundant, light-yellow hair; scutellum like the mesonotum.

Halteres light yellow ; pleuree yellowish-brown. Abdomen stout,

dark brown, the incisures narrowly yellowish ; clothed with light-

yellow hair. Legs yellow, with abundant, rather long, yellow hair.

Wings hyaline beneath the dense, dark-coloured hair. Length

3-2 mm.

Four specimens. 1000-1500 feet.

6. Ceratopogon propinguus, Nn. sp. (Cede EDS ities RL

tarsus ; 41a, wing.)

¢. Wings hairy ; the third vein terminates about the middle

of the wing, and is indistinctly separated from the first vein ;

fourth vein with a prefurea, though indistinct ; first tarsal joint

about one-half of the length of the second joint, the last joint not

elongated; pulvilli hairy. Head and antennz yellow, the latter

somewhat infuscated distally, the plumosity blackish-grey.

Second and third joints of the palpi enlarged. Metanotum opaque

brown, more yellow-sh near the middle in front ; rather thickly,

light-yellow, hairy. Abdomen slender, with abundant, and long,

yellow pile ; anterior segments yellow, with a broad black band,

which becomes successively broader till the last segments are

wholly black. L:gs yellow, with long yellow hair ; the tip of the

middle and hind femora, at least, and the proximal end of their

tibie blackish. Wings nearly hysline beneath the rather abundant

hair, Length 2; mm.

One specimen.

280 Professor Williston on the

7. Ceratopogon flavus, nu. sp. (Pl. IX., figs. 42, wing ;

42a, tarsus.)

¢. Wings hairy ; the third vein terminates distinctly before

the middle of the wing, and is very close to the first vein ; fourth

vein with a prefurca, though indistinct ; first joint of the tarsi

about one-third of the length of the second joint, the fifth a little

shorter than the fourth: pulvilli hairy. Face, proboscis, palpi,

and antenn yellowish, the last brownish toward the extremity ;

the plumosity blackish-grey. Thorax yellow, the mesonotum

brownish-yellow, opaque, with light-coloured hair. Abdomen

slender, in large part brown or blackish, its base and tip yellow ;

hair of the venter long. Legs yellow, with long yellow hair ; the

tarsi a little infuscated. Wings hyaline beneath the hair, Length

2 mm.

Ten specimens. Sea level, and 1000 feet.

8. Ceratopogon longicornis, n. sp. (Pl. IX., figs. 43,

wing ; 43a, antenna.)

¢. Wings bare; the third vein jterminates in the costa much

beyond the middle of the wing; two submarginal cells. The

posterior branch of the fourth vein arises before the anterior cross-

vein ; femora without spines. Antenne slender, much elongate,

if turned back, reaching to near the middle of abdomen, the distal!

four joints nearly equal in length to all the preceding

together. Mesonotum deep shining black throughout; pleurve

lightly pruinose. Abdomen elongate, shining. Legs black or deep

reddish-brown ; femora not,thickened ; metatarsi slender, as long

as the three following joints together. Wings nearly hyaline,

narrow, with no perceptible anal angle. Length 13-2 mm.

Three specimens. 500 feet.

9, Ceratopogon thersites, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 44, wing.)

¢. Two subcostal cls; the third vein terminates beyond

the middle of the wing; wings bare; prefurca of the fourth

vein very short; first joint of the tarsi elongate, last joimt

not elongate ; pulvilli hairy. Abdomen black, not shining,

elongate, yellow at tip {and on the venter. Thorax black or

reddish-brown, the Fmesonotum shining moderately through the

sparse yellowish pubescence or pollen. Legs yellow ; the tarsi

blackish at tip. Wings hyaline. Antenne brown or blackish,

yellowish at base. -Palpi and proboscis brown. Length 3—} mm,

Hight specimens. Sea level, and 1000 feet.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 281

10. Ceratopogon lituratus, n. sp.

2. Two subcostal cells ; the third vein terminates beyond the

middle of the wing; prefurca of fourth vein short ; wings a little

hairy on the distal margin ; first joint of the tarsi much longer

than the second, the last joint not elongate. Proboscis yellow ;

labium brown; face elsewhere, basal joints of the antenn, and

the frontal triangle, yellow. Antennz brown or blackish on the

distal portion, yellowish on the proximal part ; about as long as

the mesonotum, Occiput yellow. Mesonotum opaque brown, the

humeri and sides in front, the post-alar callosities, and the

scutellum, light yellow ; halteres light yellow. Abdomen opaque

blackish-brown ; the first segment, except a small spot on each

side, the last segment, and a slender median stripe and the narrow

posterior margin of each segment, light yellow. Legs yellow.

Wings hyaline. Length 1 mm.

Four specimens.

11. Ceratopogon decor, n.sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 45, wing.)

9. Wings sparsely hairy ; the third vein terminates a little

beyond the middle of the wing, and only a short distance from the

tip of the first vein ; fourth vein with a prefurca ; metatarsi

longer than the following joint ; pulvilli hairy. Antenne yellow,

somewhat longer than the mesonotum ; face, proboscis, and palpi

brownish-yellow. Mesonotum brownish-yellow, opaque ; the

humeri, pleure, and a part of the scutellum light yellow ; pleure,

in part, black. Abdomen black, with yellowish incisures. Legs

yellow ; all the femora at the tip, and a median ring on the hind

pair, black Wings nearly hyaline, with three blackish spots along

the costa, one at the outer part of the subcostal cell, another near

the middle of the first posterior cell, and the third, less distinct,

across the middle of the costal and first basal cell ; posterior part

of the wings with paler markings, which, however, become distinct

when seen obliquely. Length 11-2 mm.

Three specimens.

12. Ceratopogon phlebotomus, n. sp. (Pl. IX., figs. 46,

wing ; 46a, palpus.)

@?. Third vein very close to the first, terminating in the costa

about the middle of the wing ; wings infuscated, with whitish

spots, hairy at the tip; metatarsi distinctly longer than the

following joint, about as long as the next two or three together ;

pulvilli wanting. Antenne, face, proboscis and palpi black or

282 Professor Williston on the

dark brown, the antennz not as long asthe thorax. Thorax black ;

mesonotum opaque yellowish pollinose, with three slender

indistinct lines; in the middle behind, whitish; pleure lightly

whitish pruinose. Abdomen opaque black, the anterior segments

somewhat luteous ; the posterior margin of the segments very

narrowly whitish, perhaps due to the drying. Legs luteous.

Wings rather broad, tinged with brownish, leaving six or seven

rounded, hyaline or whitish spots in the cells; tip of the costal

cell blackish. Length 1-13 mm,

Four specimens, one of which bears the following

label, apparently in Mr. H. H. Smith’s handwriting :

“This is the common ‘sand-fly’ about the southern end

of the island, but is not very troublesome. Bites late

in the afternoon, before sunset; sometimes during the

heat of the day.”

13. Ceratopogon lotus, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 47, wing.)

¢. Two subcostal cells ; the third vein unites with the costa a

little beyond the middle of the wing; wings hairy ; metatarsi as

long as the three following joints together. Antenne brown, yel-

lowish towards the proximalend. Proboscis yellowish. Mesonotum

brownish yellow, with yellowish hair. Abdomen black or brownish

black. Legs yellow, a little infuscated towards the tip of the tarsi ;

with light coloured hair ; pulvilliwanting. Wings hyaline beneath

the light coloured pubescence ; posterior branch of the fourth vein

indistinct in its proximal part. Length 1-1; mm.

Two specimens. 1000 feet.

14, Ceratopogon sequax, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 48, wing.)

¢. Two subcostal cells ; the third vein terminates distinctly

beyond the middle of the wing ; wings bare ; prefurca of anterior

fork short ; metatarsi as long as the two following joints together.

Antenne dark-brown; yellowish on the proximal portion, the

plumosity yellowish. Palpi and _ proboscis yellowish-brown.

Thorax brown, the scutellum and sides of dorsum more yellowish ;

only a little shining. Abdomen slender, dark brown. Legs

luteous or yellow, with long hairs on the tibie. Wings hyaline.

Length 13 mm.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 283

PSYCHODID.

PsyYcaopa.

Latreille, Precis, etc. 1796.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. Wings with small dark spots at the tips of the veins,

alternata, Say.

Wings not with dark spots at the tips of the veins . . . 2

2. Black or dark brown, with dark hair . . . antennalis, n. sp.

bightryellow, with whitehair 35. 2 2.) 4 3 kil) 2

3. Wings very narrow, lanceolate . . . . angustipennis, n. sp.

Wings'of the usual shape G9. 9.) = « . pallens n. sp.

1, Psychoda alternata. (Pl. IX., fig. 49, wing.)

Psychoda alternata, Say, Long’s Exped., App., 358 ;

Compl. Wr., 1., 242; Wiedemann, Aus. Zw. Ins.,

1,23; Williston, Entom. News, iv., 114; Banks,

Can. Entom., xxvi., 330.

Hab. New England States; Pennsylvania; South

Dakota; Kansas.

A single, injured specimen seems to belong to this

species, though I cannot be sure of the identity without

examining better preserved specimens.

2. Psychoda antennalis, un. sp.

g. Black or dark brown, with dark hair. Antenne stout, the

joints moniliform, about as long as the thorax. Wings with a

distinct picture formed by the hairs, which are black, save an apical

white fringe, and two subconfluent spots of the same colour beyond

the middle on the outer side of two spots of denser black hair. Front

legs black, the base of the metatarsi and the middle joints white.

Length 1-1; mm.

3. Psychoda pallens, n. sp. (PI. IX., figs. 50, hypopy-

gium ; 00a, wing.)

4. Wholly light-yellow, with white or yellowish-white hair.

Hair of the wings not long; at the tip a minute blackish spot ;

furcations approximated to the base of the wing. Antenne

rather slender, not as long as the mesonotum, with rather long

verticellate hairs. Legs moderately long; tarsi rather stout.

Length 1-1; mm,

284 Professor Williston on the

4. Psychoda angustipennis,n. sp. (PI. 1X., fig. 51, wing.)

@. Yellow, with nearly white hair. Wings very narrow,

acutely lanceolate, covered uniformly with long black hair ; a small

tuft of white at the extreme tip ; another larger one on each side

beyond the middle, and yet another toward the base on the pos-

terior margin ; hair on the posterior margin long and abundant.

Antenne light-yellow, about as long as the mesonotum ; sixteen-

jointed, the basal joints darker, the following ones slender.

Thorax and abdomen light reddish-yellow, the hair of the

abdomen slightly intermixed with blackish, Legs rather stout,

light-yellow ; the terminal joints of the tarsi somewhat infuscated.

Length 1-1} mm.

PERICOMA.

Walker, Ins. Brit., 11., 256, 1856.

1. Pericoma albitarsis, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 52, wing.)

f, ¢. Black or brown, with black or dark-brown hair. All the

tarsi white. Antenne slender, rather Jonger than the thorax ;

brownish-yellow or brown, sixteen-jointed. Palpi elongate. Hair

of the wings uniform in colour and uniformly distributed ; that

along the hind border rather short. Terminal joints of the tarsi

rather short, slightly infusecated. Length 1-14 mm.

Ten specimens.

TIPULID ZA.

GERANOMYIA.

Haliday, Ent. Mag.,i., 154, 1833.

1. Geranomyia pallida, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 53, wing.)

g, 2. Front and vertex brownish-yellow, whitish pruinose.

Antennz brown, the basal portion more or less yellow. Rostrum

yellowish at the base, brownish on the distal part; nearly as long

as the thorax and abdomen together. Thorax and abdomen light-

yellow, the mesonotum in some specimens yellowish-red. Knob of

halteres yellow. Legs yellow. Wings hyaline ; stigma distinct,

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies), 285

brownish ; termination of the auxiliary vein at a distance beyond

the origin of the second longitudinal vein about equal to the length

of the first section of the third vein, Length 5 mm.

Three specimens, leeward side, and at an altitude of

1000 feet.

2. Geranomyta, sp.

9. Yellowish-red, the mesonotum with three, rarely distinct,

slender, brownish stripes. Antenne somewhat infuscated. Head

black, whitish pruinose. Antennz yellowish, or yellowish-brown.

Proboscis black. Legs red; the tarsi luteous. Wings nearly

hyaline ; stigma small, distinct; the auxiliary vein terminates

opposite the origin of the second longitudinal vein. Knob of

halteres brown. Proboscis as long as theabdomen. Length 5mm.

Six specimens.

3. Geranomyta rostrata.

Limnobia rostrata, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,

iu., 22; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., i., 35.

Geranomyia rostrata, Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil. 1859, 207 ; Monogr., etc., iv., 79.

Hab. Atlantic States; Canada; Cuba.

''wo specimens, male and female, which agree fairly

well with Osten Sacken’s description and observations.

The brown stripes of the dorsum of the thorax are well

marked, but the tip of the tibiz is not black, and there

are but four brown spots along the front border of the

wing, as Wiedemann describes.

Raipivia.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., 1., 153 (122), 1818.

1. Rhipidia bipectinata, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 54, wing.)

g. Antenne long, bipectinate; thorax without brown

stripes ; wings clouded, unspotted. Length 5 mm.

Rostrum palpi and antenne black, the last long-bipectinate,

beginning with the second joint of the flagellum. Mesonotum

light opaque yellow in front ; in the middle, in front of the suture,

brownish; behind the suture, with two large brown spots.

Pleure brown ; a longitudinal, more blackish stripe, just below

TRANS. ENT. 80C. LOND. 1896.—PparT ui. (serr.) 20

286 Professor Williston on the

the root of the wings. Metanotum brown, yellowish on the sides.

Abdomen dark brown, the forceps reddish. Halteres with a

brown knob. Legs brown, the base of the femora yellowish.

Wings nearly uniformly clouded with blackish, the stigma darker ;

termination of the auxiliary vein nearly opposite the proximal

end of the submarginal cell.

One specimen. 1000 feet. In this specimen the

anterior cross-vein is situated nearly opposite the middle

of the diszal cell.

2. Rhipidia unipectinata, n.sp. (PI. 1X., fig. 55, antenna. )

¢. Brown spots along the anterior border of the wing ; antennw

long-unipectinate ; halteres brown; thorax with a brown stripe and

a lateral brown spot. Length 5 mm.

Rostrum, palpi and antenne black. Flagellum of antenna,

except the terminal joints, unipectinate, the pectinations beginning

with the first joint and increasing in length to the seventh. Thorax

yellow; the dorsum with a median brown stripe, and, on

either side behind, a rounded yellow spot, leaving a yellow space

between them ; these brown spots are continued on the scutellum,

enclosing a small yellow spot. Pleurz with a slender, longitudinal

brown stripe. Halteres brown. Metanotum brown. Abdomen,

brown, the venter yellowish. Legs brown, the femora lighter

coloured toward the base ; second, third, and fourth joints of the

hind tarsi light yellowish. Wings with a blackish tinge, with

inconspicuous darker clouds along the anterior margin and on the

cross-veins ; before and beyond the dark-brown stigma, a rounded,

more hyaline spot ; apical portion of the costa more distinctly

clouded ; insertion of the auxiliary veina little beyond the middle

of the prefurca.

One specimen. 1000 feet.

3. Rhipidia costalis,n. sp. (PI. 1X., fig. 56, antenna.)

é. Antenne bipectinate; thorax not striped; costa with

brown spots or clouds. Length 5 mm.

Palpi, rostrum and antenne black, the latter bipectinate, but

the pectinations shorter and more slender than in PR. bipectinata.

Thorax brownish-yellow, the mesonotum opaque yellowish-red,

with a spot in front, and two behind the suture, faintly brownish.

Knob of halteres brownish. Abdomen reddish, with brown

posterior borders to the segments ; forceps red. Legs brown ; the

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 287

tip of the slightly clavate femora yellow ; base of femora yellowish.

Wings tinged with brownish; four large brown spots or clouds

along the costa, the outermost one confluent with a brown cloud

at the origin of the third vein; the outer cross-veins with brown

clouds, and the distal costal portion more distinctly clouded ; be-

tween the brown spots along the costa, the intervals are more purely

hyaline ; termination of the auxiliary vein at or before the middle

of the prefurca.

Two specimens. 1500 feet.

4. Rhipidia subpectinata, n. sp. (PI.IX., fig. 57, wing ;

Fl. X., fig. 57a, antenna of 2.)

$-. Antenve subpectinate in both sexes. Mesonotum con-

spicuously lighter coloured oa the sides; wings with small dark

spots. Length 4 mm.

Head ochraceous yellow. Antenne yellow, slightly brownish

at the tip. Palpi brown or blackish. Mesonotum on the upper

surface yellowish-brown, or brownish-yellow, forming a long,

subtriangular figure, the margins of which are dark brown ; just

outside or below this line, conspicuously light yellow, extending

in a nearly equal width from the root of one wing to that of the

other ; below the light yellow band, near the upper part of the

thorax, a narrow, longitudinal, nearly black stripe. Scutellum

and metanotum light yellow ; the former with two spots, the latter

with a median stripe and a lateral spot pale brown. Legs yellow,

the two or three terminal joints of the tarsi black. Wings nearly

hyaline, with small brown spots, as shown in the figure.

Two males and two females. 1000 feet. The female

scarcely differs from the male.

LIMNOBIA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., i., 92, 1818.

1. Limnobia insularis, n. sp. (Pl. X., fig. 58, wing.)

¢. First longitudinal vein recurved to the second near its tip :

femora without brown rings. Length 6 mm.

Front black. Antenne, palpi and rostrum brown. Thorax

brownish red, the mesonotum shining ; pronotum long, somewhat

lighter coloured ; mesonotum with inconspicuous, narrow, brown

stripes. Abdomen and halteres dark brown. Wings infuscated,

strongly so along the costa distally. Legs dark brown, the tarsi

more yellowish, except the terminal joints, which are blackish.

One specimen. 1000 feet.

288 Professor Williston on the

RHAMPHIDIA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., vi., 281, 1830.

1. Rhampnidia albitarsis. (Pl. X., figs. 59, wing ;

59a, hypopygium.)

Rhamphidia albitarsis, Osten Sacken, Berl. Ent.

Zeitschr., xxxi., 184, 1887.

Hab. Porto Rico.

Two specimens male and female agreeing well with

ae 5) yi Ae

the description.

ELEPHANTOMYIA.

Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1859.

1. Hlephantomyia longirostris, n. sp.

g. Proboscis about one and a-half times the length of the

body ; wings with a brown stigma and brownish clouds along the

cross-veins. Length of body 6 mm, of proboscis 8} mm.

Head yellow. Proboscis very distinctly longer than the body,

finely pubescent. Antenne brownish-yellow ; basal joints yellow,

the verticils black. Thorax yellow; a rather broad, brownish

stripe along the middle, and a shorter, similarly coloured one on

each side. Halteres yellow. Abdomen light yellow, with a broad,

brown band on the posterior part of each segment ; forceps

brownish. Wings lightly 'tinged with brownish ; with distinct

brownish or brown clouds along the distal part of the costa, and

along the cross-veins. Legs yellow; femora brown at tip ;

neuration as in FL. westwoodi, O. 8.

This species is evidently closely allied to the type of

the genus, and I at first believed that it was the same,

but the more elongate proboscis and the brownish clouds

of the wings seem sufficient to separate them.

ATARBA. °

Osten Sacken, Monogr., etc., iv., 127, 1868.

1. Atarba puella, n. sp. (PI. X., figs. 60, wing;

60a, hypopygium.)

4, @. Antenne short and slender, not as long as the meso-

noium, the first two joints thickened ; in the male, the following

joints slender, and each, except the distal ones, with two long

hairs. Front, and basal joints of the antennz yellow, the re-

mainder of the antennze and the palpi brown. Thorax ycllow,

the mesonotum brown, the metanotum brownish. Abdomen

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 289

brownish-yellow, the male organs more yellowish. Legs brownish

throughout, the tarsi finely pubescent. Wings nearly hyaline ; no

stigma. Length 3-4 mm.

Twelve specimens. This and the following species

differ from the type of this genus, as described by Osten

Sacken, in the stracture of the antenne and in some

peculiarities of the neuration, but the differences will not

justify generic separation. Both species have distinct

empodia, and there appears to be a minute spur on the

middle tibiee.

2. Atarba pleuralis, n. sp. (PI. X., figs. 61, antenna ;

6la, b, genitalia ; 61c, wing.)

¢, @. Front yellow. Antenne and palpi blackish. Meso-

notum brownish-red ; the colour in shape of an elongated triangle,

the base of which is the scutellum ; the lateral margins of the

mesonotum show a slender, dark-brown stripe; immediately below

which the colour is light yellow, extending over the dorso-pleural

suture. Pleure dark-brown, with a longitudinal stripe above the

base of the coxe ; or, the pleure may be otherwise described as

having two dark brown stripes enclosing a light yellow one.

Abdomen brownish-red, with a narrow, dark-brown band on the

posterior margin of each segment, and with a median, indistinct

brownish stripe. Coxe light yellow; femora yellow, with a

brown ring just before the light yellow tip, which: colour ex-

tends narrowly on the base of the tibie ; tibize and tarsi brown.

Wings tinged with brown ; stigma dark-brown ; the marginal cell

is shorter and wider than in sl. puella. Length 4-5 mm.

Six specimens.

‘TEUCHOLABIS.

Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1859.

1. Teucholabis complera. (PI. X., fig. 62, wing.)

Teucholabis complexa, Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat,

Sci. Phil., 223, 1859; Monoger., etc., iv., 129.

Hab. District of Columbia; New York ; Illinois.

Sixteen specimens. The description of this species

applies so well to these specimens that there can be but

little doubt of the identification. The brown stripes of the

mesonotum are only feebly indicated in most of the speci-

mens ; the posterior part of the abdominal segments is

yellow, and the tibiz are brownish.

290 Professor Williston on the

2. Teucholabis annulata, n. sp. (PI. X., fig. 63, wing.)

&, ¢. Front black ; palpi brown; rostrum and first joint of

the antenne yellow; flagellum brown or black. Mesonotum

shining, with three broad, more or less confluent, shining, deep

broad stripes, the middle one not reaching the suture, the lateral

ones not extending far in front of it ; elsewhere the meso.otum,

like the scutellum and anterior part of the metanotum, is ligkt

yellow. Pleurze dark yellow or brown ; when seen obliquely, with

a silvery sheen. Posterior part of metanotum brown. Abdomen

yellow, with a broad brown band on the anterior part of each

segment. Legs yellow; all the femora brown at the tip, and with

a brownish ring beyond the middle; all the tibize and the first

three tarsal joints brown at the tip, the last two joints of the tarsi

black. Wings hyaline ; the stizma and a cloud at the end of the

costa—sometimes obsolete—brown. Length 7-8 mm.

Twelve specimens. In one female the abdomen is black,

with a narrow yellow posterior margin to the segments ;

: : ml

in others brown, with a broader yellow border. The

neuration is very much like that of 7’. complexa; both the

second and third veins are curved less, and the second

vein extends further towards the tip of the wing.

ELLIPrera.

Schiner, Wien. Ent. Monatschr., vii., 222, 1863.

1. ? Hlliptera, sp. (PI. X., figs. 64, wing ; 64a, genitalia.)

¢. Head brownish, or browaish-yellow, including rostrum and

palpi. Antenne yellow, the first two joints red. Mesonotum

brownish grey, with four narrow, brownish stripes ; humeri and

sides of prothorax light yellow. Pleurz yellow, obscurely brown-

ish in places. Abdomen light luteous yellow. Legs yellow ; the

tip of femora, tibiz, and the distal joints of the tarsi brownish.

Wings hyaline ; stigma faintly brown. Length 5 mm.

One specimen. The present species can hardly be a

true Hlliptera, because the anterior veins do not show

the approximation characteristic of that genus, but it

seems to agree in all other respects. The antenne are

sixteen-jointed, the joints oval in shape; the thorax is

gently convex, the pronotum small, the abdomen is

elongate, etc. The neuration is shown in the figure.

‘There are no spurs to the tibie.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 291

DIoTREPHA,

Osten Sacken, Cat. Dipt., xxvii., 1878.

Wings very slender; great cross-vein near their proximal third ;

three pesterior cells; no discal cell. Antenne sixteen-jointed,

simple. Rostrum projecting, nearly as long as tho head. Neck

slender. Mesonotum but little convex, elongate and slender ;

metanotum elongate. Legs slender, distinctly pubescent ; tibiae

without spurs. Abdomen very slender; male forceps obtuse ;

upper valve of ovipositor smal! and gently curved.

1. Diotrepha mirabilis, (Pl. X., figs. 65, wing; 60a,

hy popygium. )

(?} Diotrepha mirabilis, Osten Sacken, Cat. Dipt., 1878,

p. 220.

¢, 2. Proboscis, palpi, and entenne brownish, Antennee

microscopically pubescent, and with verticils of short hairs ; in

length the antennee would reach to about the suture, if bent back-

wards. Thorax yellowish-brown, or brownish-red. Abdomen

yellowish-brown, the posterior margins of the segments, or, the

posterior segments, wholly brown ; in some specimens the abdomen

is deep brown throughout. Legs tight yellow ; the tibize and the

tarsi more nearly white ; the tip of all the femora and tibie dark-

brown. Wings nearly hyaline; a fringe of hairs along the

posterior margin. Length of body, 7 mm. ; of wings, 5 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent, Georgia, Texas, Cuba.

Hight specimens. ‘‘ This species is abundant in forest

glen, 1000 feet, near a stream, Sept. Alights on the

lower side cf leaves.’—H. H. Smith.

2. Diotrepha concinna, n. sp. (PI. X., fig. 66, wing.)

9. Differs from 7°. mirabilis in the darker colour, the proboscis,

palpi, and antennez being blackish ; in the legs being light yellow,

and in the absence of the brown tip to femora and tibie ; and in

the neuration as shown in the figure. The wings are uniformly

and distinctly tinged with brown. Length 6 mm.

One specimen. Sea level.

Moncoma.

Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 364.

Antenne sixteen-jointed, if bent backward, reaching about to

the base of the wings ; second joint a little shorter than the first,

292 Professor Williston on the

both thickened ; the following joints slender, distinctly separated,

finely pubescent. Rostrum rounded, a little prolonged, but

shorter than the head ; palpi inserted towards its base, rather

slender, the ultimate joint shorter than the penultimate, the two

together about equal to the antepenultimate joint. Front rather

narrow ; vertex but little developed. Legs very long and slender,

finely pubescent; tibize without spurs; ungues simple; no

empodia. Male forceps not large, in the dry specimen showing

two obtuse, fleshy lobes. Valves of the ovipositor small, slender,

arcuated. Auxiliary vein nearly as long as the first longitudinal

vein, joining the costa in an acute angle ; the subcostal cross-vein

at some distance before the tip. The second longitudinal vein

arises at some distance before the middle of the wing, with a

strong curve backward ; nearly opposite the distal end of the

discal cell, it gives off an oblique branch to the costa ; marginal

cross-vein long and oblique, sometimes joining the proximal end

of the anterior branch. The beginning of the third vein in the

same straight lne with the first section of the second vein,

terminating in the fourth vein at the proximal end of the discal

cell. Anterior cross-vein wanting. Anal cell narrowed in the

margin. Seventh vein very short.

This singular genus is remarkable, if my interpreta-

tion of the neuration is correct, in the entire absence of

the first posterior cell, the second submarginal cell

lying in contact with the discal cell and the second

posterior cell, through the absence of tre small cross-

vein and the greater part of the third vein. It is difficult

to see how there can be any other interpretation, as the

branch of the second vein that takes the place of the

small cross-vein cannot possibly be that cross-vein, for,

in that case, it would arise from the second vein—an

impossibility. *urthermore, this interpretation seems

probable from a study of the neuration in Paratropesa,

where the first posterior cell begins at the outer end of

the discal cell. The relationship seems to be with that

genus, but I cannot agree with Osten Sacken in con-

sidering the anterior branch of the second vein an

adventitious cross-vein. ‘There are two submarginal cells

present, as in Gonomyia. Aside from the fact that there

are only three posterior cells present, which may or may

not be a generic character, the shortness of the seventh

longitudinal vein is sufficient for the separation of the

genus,

Dintera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 293

The foregoing, without change, was written in the

belief that our specimens represented a new genus. A

more careful search of the literature, however, revealed

to my surprise the congenerousness of the species,

especially M. albitarsis, Dol., included in the genus

Mongoma. 'The species hitherto made known—seven or

eight in all—are from Java, Sumatra, the Philippine

Islands, Borneo, Madagascar, and Southern Africa.

Its occurrence in the western continent is of great

interest.

1. Mongoma manca, n. sp.

é, @. Front and basal joints of the antenne brownish red ;

flagellum of antennz and the palpi brown or black. Thorax, light

browunish-red, the metanotum sometimes a little darker, and the

pleurze more yellow. Halteres yellow. Abdomen brown or

brownish-red, the terminal segments more reddish. Legs brownish;

base of femora and the distal joints of the tarsi more yellowish.

Wings nearly hyaline ; stigma small, rounded, brownish. Length

7-8 mm.

Six specimens. Forest, 2000 feet, July.

2. Mongoma pallida, n. sp. (Pl. X., fig. 67, wing.)

4, %. Wholly light yellow, the front and outer joints, the

antenne, only, brown or brownish; the legs a little darker. Wings

pure hyaline, with light-coloured veins ; no stigma; the distance

between the junction of the marginal cross-vein and the origin of

the anterior branch of the second vein greater than in M. manca,

nearly as great as the length of the anterior branch itself. Length

5 mm.

Four specimens. 1000-1500 feet. In addition to

the smaller size, much lighter colour, and more hyaline

wings, the species will be readily distinguished by the

shorter outer submarginal cell. In the present species,

its inner end, in all the specimens, is opposite the inner

end of the second posterior cell; in M. manca the

proximal end is, in every case, at a considerable disiuuce

proximad to that of the posterior cell.

294 Professor Williston on the

ERIOPTERA.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., ii., 1803.

1. Krioptera caloptera.

Lirioptera caloptera, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil,

i., 17; Compl. Wr., 11., 44; Wiedemann, Auss.

Zw. Ins., 1.. 28; Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat.

ser Phil), 1899; 2265) Monoghr,.iv:, aol pl, ive,

1d I).

Hab, Atlantic States; Kansas ; Colorado; Canada ;

Caba.

One specimen, which scarcely differs from others

from Kausas.

2. Lrioplera annulipes, n. sp.

Q. Legs conspicuously white and black annuJate. Length

o-35 mm.

Head brown or blackish. Antenne brown, not longer than the

mesonotum. Thorax and abdomen yellowish-brown, the latter

posteriorly more yellow. Legs conspicuously white and dark-

brown annulate, the femora, t. bie, and tarsi each with three brown

rings ; a fourth brownring on the femora is more or less indistinct.

Wings nearly hyaline, the costa with four brown spots intercalated

with as many white ones; the outer posterior margin also with

alternating white spots.

Two specimens.

EPIPHRAGMA.

Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1859.

1. Epiphraqma sackeni, n. sp. (PI. X., fig. 68, wing.)

¢. Head black in ground-colour, opaque yellowish-grey polli-

nose ; brown on the lower part of the broad front. First two

joints of the antenne brown, the third and fourth yellow;

remainder of the antenne blackish; if bent back, the antennx

would reach about to the root of the wings. Mesonotum ocehra-

ceous, with slender, dark-brown markings. Metanotum deep brown

or blackish, somewhat darker than the pleure. MHalteres yellow,

the knob brownish. Abdomen dark brown, the venter yeilowish.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 295

Basal half of the femora yellow ; the distal part with two dark-

brown bands, and two, narrower, yellow bands, the second yellow

band at the tip ; tibiz and tarsi brownish, with a narrow yellow

band at the base of the tibia (middle and front legs wanting).

Wings with uniform brown spots, located as in the figure ; sepa-

rated from the infuscation of the rest of the wing by narrow,

hyaline, or light-yellow margins. Length 7 mm.

One specimen. 1500 feet.

TIPULA.

Linne, Anim. per Sueciam observata, 1736.

1 Tipula subinfuscata, n. sp. (PI. X., fig. 69, wing.)

¢. @. Antenne black, or black and yellow ; wings uniformly

subinfuscated. Length 12 mm.

Antenne in the male black, the proximal three or four joints

yellow, about as long as the front femora ; in the female, yellow,

with the proximal end of the sixth and following joints black, and

only about as long as the mesonotum. Thorax light yellow, the

mesonotum brownish. Front, rostrum and palpi yellow, the last a

little brownish at the tip. Halteres brown. Abdomen reddish-

yellow, the lateral margins of all the segments, a part of the sixth

segment, and all of the seventh, black (in the female specimen the

abdomen is wanting). Legs yellow, the tip of the tibiw, and tbe

tarsi for the greater part, black. Wings uniformly tinged with

brown, the costal cell and the stigma pale brown.

I can find no description which will apply to this

species, though that of 7’. infuscata, Loew, will nearly

doso. The colour of the antennz in the female will at

once distinguish the two.

PACHYRRHINA.

Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., i, 88, 1834.

1. Pachyrrhina elegantula, n. sp. (PI. X., fig. 70, wing.)

2. Stripes of the mesonotum brownish red, lateral margins

with three opaque black spots. Length 14 mm.

296 Professor Williston on the

Front and rostrum light opaque orange-yellow, the former with

an angular spot posteriorly, not continued into a stripe, subshining

bluish. Antenne yellow, the terminal joints brownish. Pro-

notum light opaque yellow in the middle, black on the sides ;

mesonotum opaque yellow, with light brownish-red, shining

stripes; the lateral ones curve strongly outward in front, and

terminating in an opaque black spot ; a similar spot just back and

below these, and a third velvety black spot immediately above the

root of the wings, extending narrowly into the suture. Scutellum

shining brownish-red. Metanotum yellow, with a stripe of the

colour of the scutellum, expanded triangularly behind. Pleure

light sulphur-yellow, with shining reddish spots. Abdomen light

opaque orange-yellow ; the first four or five segments with incon-

spicuous brownish bands. Knob of halteres brown. Coxe,

femora, and tibiz yellow, the two latter black at the tip; tarsi

black, the proximal joints somewhat yellowish. Wings with

a brownish-yellowish tinge ; costal ceil yellow; stigma pale

brown.

¢. Antenne darker, the basal three or four joints yellow.

Markings of thorax ; abdomen and legs somewhat darker.

One male and two females. ‘The species seems nearest

allied to P. consularis, O. S., but will be at once dis-

tinguished by the colour of the thoracic stripes and the

additional black spots.

POLYMERA.

Wiedemann, Auss., Zw. Ins., i., 57, 1828.

1. Polymera allitarsis, n. sp. (Pl. X., figs. 71, part of

antenna ¢; 7lu, antenna ? ; 71, wing.)

3d, 9%. Front, pa'pi and rostrum brown. Antenne brown, the

basal joints yellowish. Thorax brownish-yellow, the pleurz in

the middle blackish. Abdomen dark brown. Legs luteous, the

base of the femora yellow ; tarsi white, except the metatarsi of the

two anterior pairs, the proximal end of the second joint of the

same pairs, and of the metatarsi of the hind pair, which are

brown. Wings distinctly tinged with brownish. Length 6-7 mm.

Four specimens. Hitherto, only South American

species of this genus have been made known, from which

the present species seems distinct. ‘The male antennz

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 297

were originally described as having twenty-eight joints,

and the true number, sixteen, was not known till speci-

mens were examined by Loew. The joints in this sex

are very closely united, and it is only by close exami-

nation that the number can be made out. From

P. fusca, Wiedemann, and P. obscura, Macquart, which

seems to be a distinct species, the present appears to be

so closely allied, that the short descriptions will hardly

distinguish them. However, Wiedemann figures the

female antennz as elongate, like those of the males, but

with simple, not constricted joints. In the present

species, the female antenne are short, in fact not longer

than the thorax, and are of the ordinary Tipulid struc-

ture; that is, the joints are oval, slightly hairy, and are

easily distinguishable. The first joint is not cylindrical,

and is not provided with short, closely-set hairs, as is

described. The figure given by Macquart shows short

and abundant hairs on the swellings of the male

antennz, very different from the long, delicate hairs of

the present species.

Speecies IncErtTz SeEpIs.

Two species of Tipulide, represented by single, more

or less mutilated specimens, I cannot locate. I give

figures herewith, which will, | believe, render the identi-

fication not doubtful. One of them (PI. X., figs. 72 and

72a) possibly represents a new genus. The tip of the

antennz is broken off, otherwise the specimen is com-

plete. If the antenne are but 14-jointed, the species

would be located in Rhipidia, from which, however, the

structure of the male organs show distinct differences,

and the antennz are hardly sufficiently pectinated. If

there are sixteen joints, Schiner’s and Osten Sacken’s

tables will carry the species to Antocha. This genus and

Lhaumastoptera are almost the only ones in this group

which I do not know. Still, the neuration is sufficiently

distinct to render its location with Antocha practically out

of the question.

298 Professor Williston on the

DIXIDAi.

Drxa.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., 1., 216, 1818.

1. Diza clavulus, nesp. (Pl. X., fig. 73, wing.)

g. Head black, lightly greyish-pruinose ; palpi and rostrum a

little reddish. Antenne black, the basal joints somewhat reddish.

Thorax yellow, the mesonotum with three dark-brown stripes, the

median one abbreviated postcriorly, and divided by a slender line ;

the lateral ones begin a little before the termination of the median

one. Scutellum and mesonotum brownish-yellow. Abdomen dark-

brown. Legs brown or yellowish-brown: the tip of the hind

tibiz and their tarsi blackish; the femora, for the greater part,

yellowish ; hind tibiz thickened at the tip. Length of body 2 mm.,

of wings 3 mm.

Four specimens. This species must be closely allied

to D. clavata, Loew, from Massachusetts, and I was, at

first, inclined to identify it with it. It differs from the

description, however, in several important points. The

pleursze are immaculate yellowish, the legs are darker

coloured, and the wings are uniformly tinged with

brownish, not hyaline, with markings.

RHYPHID.

Ruyruvs.

Latreille, Nat. Hist., etc., xiv., 291, 1804.

1. Rhyphus dolorosus,n.sp. (Pl. X., fig. 74, wing.)

¢. Front and occiput black, somewhat greyish-pruinose.

Mesonotum yellow with three brown stripes; wings broadly

clouded on the distal and posterior margin, with two conspicuous

brown spots in front, and narrow brown clouds on the cross-veins.

Length of body 4 mm., of the wings 5 mm.

Fioat a little narrower below, the ocelli situated wholly in front

of a line drawn through the angles of the eyes. Face more

yellowish. Eyes reaching to the oral margin below. Palpi and

proboscis black. Antenne black, the two basal joints yellowish,

Mesonotum opaque yellow with three brown or brownish-red

stripes, the middle one abbreviated posteriorly the lateral ones in

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Da)

front ; bristles very short, hair-like. Pleurz yellow, with obscure

brownish spots. Metanotum and halteres yellow. Abdomen deep

brown or black, the basal segments with obscure yellow markings.

Legs yellow ; the tip of hind femora and tibiz, and the distal

joints of all the tarsi brown or blackish. Wings broadly clouded

with brown at the tip and along the posterior margin, the inner

portion subhyaline ; two dark-brown spots in the marginal cell,

separated by a yellow spot ; costal cell yellowish ; the cross-veins

with narrow, dark-brown clouds.

One specimen. Allied to ft. fenestralis, but differs in

tLe abdomen and wings.

STRATIOMYID.

SARGUS.

Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl., 566, 1798.

1. Sargus lucens.

Sargus lucens, Loew, Centur., vu., 11.—Cuba.

Six specimens.

Hermetia,

Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et Ins., xiv., 338, 1804.

1. Hermetia illucens.

Musca illucens, Linné, Syst. Nat., 11., 979. (For re-

maining synonymy, see Osten Sacken, Cut. 46,

and Williston, ‘rans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xv., 245.)

Hab. Southern United States; Mexico; Brazil; West

Indies.

Hight specimens. Quite like others from the United

States and Brazil.

PELAGOMYIA.

Williston, Manual. N. A. Diptera, 48, 1896.

1, Pelagomyia albitalus, n. sp. (PI. X., fig. 75, head

Of)

&. Front and face deep shining green, with long and abundant,

erect black hur. Eyes thickly pilose. Antennz black ; second

joint a little shorter than the first, the third joint about twice the

length of the first two together, gradually. tapering, the aunuli

300 Professor Williston on the

closely set together ; style distinctly differentiated, and extending

ai an angle with the third joint ; its first joint small ; second joint

thickened, spindle-shaped, finely and densely hairy, terminating in

a slender bristle about as long as the thickened portion of the

style ; altogether, the style is shorter than the third antennal

joint. Thorax shining metallic, deep green, with blue reflections

and erect black pile. Abdomen elongated, of equal width, black

or brownish black, the second, third, and fourth segments with a

narrow posterior margin of golden or silvery pubescence, forming

an interrupted band. Femora black ; tibia light yellow witha

broad brown ring beyond the middle ; the hind pair with the

distal two-thirds brown ; tarsi light yellow or yellowish-white, the

distal three joints of the four anterior ones, the tip of the meta-

tarsi, and the remaining joints brown or brownish. Wings hyaline

on the basal anterior portion ; clouded behind, and blackish on the

outer half. Length 9 mm.

Two males and one female. The female differs in being

of a larger size (12 mm.) in the absence of metallic

coloration, in the more reddish-brown colour of the

abdomen, and in the lighter coloured wings. It may be

an immature specimen. I at first identified this genus

as Chromatopoda, Brauer, but it will be at once distin-

guished by the structure of the second antennal joint.

AOCHLETUS.

Osten Sacken, Biol. Centr. Amer. Dipt., 38, 1., 1885.

&. Holoptic, the upper eye-facets moderately enlarged and

sharply distinguished from those of the lower portion. Antenne

situated a little below the middle of the eyes in profile, shorter

than the head; annuli of the third joint closely united, the first

one small and short, the sixth elongate and with several minute

bristles at the tip. Scutellum with two slender spines. Abdomen

slender, composed of five segments. Veins of the wings on the

outer posterior part weak or evanescent, the beginning of the

second and fourth ones arising from the discal cell apparent,

the first and third only faintly indicated by folds.

1. Aochletus bistriatus, n. sp. (Pl. X., fig. 76, antenna.)

¢@. Face black, moderately shining ; on either side silvery

pubescent. Antenne black ; the first and second joints, for the

greater part, reddish. Mesonotum black, moderately shining ;

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 301

finely pubescent ; with two yellow stripes, acuminate in front,

and connected with the yellow post-alar callosities behind.

Scutellum wholly yellow. Pleurz yellow, the mesosternum black.

Abdomen black or dark-brown, with a red band across each of the

three anterior segments. Legs yellow, the tarsi infuscated toward

the tip. Wings hyaline. Length 5 mm.

One specimen. 1500 feet.

CYPHOMYIA.

Wiedemann, Zool. Mag., i., 3, 55, 1819.

1. Cyphomyia lasiophthalma, nu. sp.

d¢. Eyes markedly pilose. The small vertical triangle black ;

frontal triangle and face shining metallic black, densely clothed

with white pile, intermixed with black hairs. Antenne black, the

base of the third joint red. The narrow inferior occipital orbits

white pubescent. Mesonotum shining violet-black, with three

stripes of white pubescence, and with long, erect, black pile. Scu-

tellum like the mesonotum, with long black pile and white pubes-

cence ; spines as long as the scutellum, somewhat divergent, reddish

at the distal end, and clothed with black pile. Pleurz with white

pile. Tegule yellow. Abdomen shining metallic blue, with erect

black pile, and four sharply marked, white pubescent spots.

Legs black ; the knees and base of hind metatarsi reddish ; four

anterior metatarsi, except their tip, light yellow. Wings nearly

hyaline.

¢. Antenne a little longer, the third joint about equal to half

the width of the head. Front and face shining blue-black, clothed

with close-lying, nearly white pile, the face nearly bare in the

middle. Occipital orbits a little broader than in the male, white

pubescent. Pile of mesonotum and scutellum dusky, that on the

spines white ; the spines are wholly of the colour of the mesonotum,

and are shorter than in the male. Abdomen, as usual, with six spots.

Length 7 mm.

Two specimens. 1500 feet. The species is allied to C.

marginata, Loew, one of the few known species with

long-pilose eyes. ‘The front of the female is narrow and

without elevations of any kind.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parT 1. (SEPT.) 21

302 Professor Williston on the

CHORDONOTA.

Gersteecker, Linn. Ent., xi., 311, 1857.

1. Chordonota leiophthalma, n. sp.

gd. Eyes bare, closely contiguous, the upper part with the

facets markedly enlarged, those of the lower half small, the two

sets separated by a distinct line. Occiput concave, wholly invisible

from the side. Ocellar triangle small, black ; frontal triangle

small, silvery, the silvery pubescence extending a little way along

the facial orbit. Antenne red, the upper margin and the distal

portion of the third joint black. Mesonotum black, with a strong

purple reflection, beneath the short, dense, black pubescence ; two

narrow. silvery, or light golden, pubescent stripes on each side, and

an indication of a fifth in the middle. Scutellum like the meso-

notum and with silvery pubescence near its margin. Pleurz black.

Abdomen shining metallic blue or purple, the fourth and fifth

segments each with a spot of silvery pubescence on each side. Legs

black, the metatarsi a little reddish. Wings tinged with blackish,

the stigma luteous. Length 7 mm.

Two specimens. ‘This species, structurally and in

appearance, resembles CO. nigra, Willist., but will be at

once distinguished by the bare eyes, distinctly vittate

mesonotum, and shorter pile.

Species Incertm SEpIs.

A small species, represented by a fragment only,

belonging among the Pachygastrine, perhaps to Pachy-

gaster.

TABANIDA.

TABANUS.

Linné, Fauna Suecica, 1761.

1. Tabanus alcis, n. sp. (Pl. X., fig. 77, antenna.)

¢. Brown; wings with brown spots ; upper angle of the third

antennal joint drawn out into along process. Length 13-14 mm.

Eyes bare; no ocellar tubercle. Front narrow, cinnamon-

brown ; callus very small, shining red. Antenne yellow, with

black hairs ; slender ; the upper process of the third joint drawn

out into a long process, the annulate portion slender, and curved.

Face of the colour of the front, bare. Palpi yellow, with black

hairs. Mesonotum cinnamon-brown, or darker brown, with two

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 308

slender yellowish stripes. Pleure more whitish. Abdomen brown;

on the sides in front yellow; the segments with a median,

posterior triangle of light golden hair, which extends outward,

forming a narrow hind border. Legs reddish or brownish-yellow.

Wings subhyaline, the anterior part to the tip of the second vein

luteous ; the distal costal portion and the posterior margin

clouded with blackish ; a large spot covering the cross-veins at

the outer part of the discal cell, and extending into the first

posterior cell, and another large one on the furcation of the third

vein, reaching to the costa, brown.

Three specimens. It is not impossible that this is the

same as 7. parallelus, Walker.

2. Tabanus, sp. (PI. X., fig.78, antenna.)

4. Frontal triangle yellow ; face brownish-red, thickly grey

pollinose ; palpi light yellow; all clothed with white hair.

Antenne yellow ; third joint angular above, but not drawn out

into a process. Mesonotum black, not shining, greyish pollinose,

and with yellowish-white pile; pleure ochraceous yellow, with

white pile. Abdomen brownish-red and brown, opaque; the

segments with a narrow, light yellow, hind border. Legs yellow ;

tarsi infuscated distally. Wings hyaline; the furcation of the

third vein with a stump. Eyes bare; no ocelli. Length

10 mm.

One specimen.

LEPTIDA.

CHRYSOPILA.

Macquart, Dipt. du Nord de la France, 1827.

1. Chrysopila ludens.

Chrysopila ludens, Loew, Wien. Entom. Monatschr.,

v., d4.

Hal. Cuba (Loew).

Six specimens agree sufficiently well with the descrip-

tion of this species. In those that are well preserved,

there is a golden pubescence on the abdomen, and the

hind femora may be in large part black. With these

specimens, there are several others in which the thorax

is yellow, with the mesonotum brownish. The abdomen,

in all the specimens, is in large part black.

304. Professor Williston on the

2. Chrysopila atra,n. sp. (Pl. X., fig. 78bis, wing.)

&. Deep black; wings hyaline, with two dark-brown spots on

the costal margin. Length 5 mm.

Deep black throughout, with black pile. Face cinereous

pruinose. Mesonotum and abdomen opaque velvety. Wings

hyaline, the apical third in front clouded ; the stigma, a spot across

from the costa to the second vein on the distal part of the

auxiliary vein, and a cloud on the humeral cross-vein, dark-brown.

One specimen.

ASILID/A.

OmMATIUS.

Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., 1., 418, 1828.

1. Ommatius marginellus.

Ommatius marginellus (Fabricius), Wiedemann, Auss.

Zw. Ins., 1, 421; Dipt. Exot., i., 223, pl. vi.,

fig. 5; Macquart, Dipt. Exot., i1., 2, 184; Schiner,

Verh. zool. bot. Gesellsch, 1866, 682.

? Ommatius tibialis, Say, Journ. Acad. Phil., iii., 49;

Compl. Wr., ii., 63; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins.,

1, 422; Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xi.,

Piso. 12 and xi.,.76;

Ommatius Saccas, Walker, List, i1., 474.

Ommatius vitreus, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 245,

1875.

Hab. West Indies ; South America; ? North America.

Thirty specimens. The only difference which these

specimens present from others, both male and .female,

from Brazil, are the yellow bristles of the hind femora.

Others in my collection from San Domingo agree in this

respect with the Brazilian ones. ‘That all are of the same

species, I have no doubt. That O. tibialis is the same

species, I am not so confident. ‘The distinctive charac-

ters pointed out by Schiner, though I do not think that

they are of much importance, are present in North

American specimens. ‘The posterior part of the meso-

notum and the scutellum also seem to be more hairy in

O. tibialis. In all the specimens, the colour of the legs

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 305

varies much. There are no structural differences in any

of the specimens, and, in some of the San Dominican

specimens, the colour of the bristles of the hind femora

varies. Taking the above facts into consideration, I

believe that all the names above given, and probably

others, represent a single species of wide distribution.

O. tibialis occurs through all of the Eastern United

States, as far as the Rocky Mountains.

Erax.

Macquart, Dipt. HExot., 1., 2, 107, 1838.

1. Hraz rufitibia. (Pl. X., fig. 79, wing.)

Erax rufitibia, Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 3rd Suppl., 27.

Pl. u., fig. 11; Walker, List, vii., 623; Roeder,

Stett. Ent. Zeit., 339, 1885.

Hab. Brazil; San Domingo ; Porto Rico.

@. Front and face light yellowish-grey ; gibbosity of the face

with numerous black bristles and yellowish-white hairs. Mesono-

tum grey, with three broad black stripes, narrowly separated, the

lateral ones narrowly divided into three spots, the hindmost one

of which is small ; the middle one with an indication of a middle

stripe in front. Abdomen black, not shining ; hair yellow, sparse

and reclining, save on the anterior two segments ; lateral margins

opaque light-grey ; sixth and seventh segments silvery ; hypopy-

gium large, black. Wings with the costal border thickened ;

furcation of third vein beyond the base of the second posterior cell.

Legs black ; tibize except the tip, red. Length 18-20 mm.

Two males and three females, the latter showing

scarcely any differences, save the usual sexual ones.

LEPTOGASTER.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 1803.

1. Leptogaster roederi, n. sp. (Pl. XI., fig. 80, wing.)

¢, ¢@. Antenne yellow, with the distal half of the third joint

black; wings blackish at the tip. Length 8-9 mm.

Front brown. Face and mystax yellow. First two antennal

joints and the base of the third yellow ; remainder of the third

joint and the arista black ; third joint a little shorter than the first

two together, the arista a little longer than the three joints

306 Professor Williston on the

together. Mesonotum shining, dark pitchy, a little more yellowish

on each side in front; on the posterior part subopaque ; sides

lightly pollinose. Pleure brown and yellowish, light yellow

pollinose. Abdomen black or brown, the posterior margin of each

segment whitish, the hind angles reddish. Coxe light yellow;

femora black or brown, with the base and a preapical ring red or

yellow ; anterior tibiz yellowish, with the distal part yellow ;

hind tibize black or deep brown, with the proximal part yellow ;

anterior tarsi yellow ; hind tarsi black. Wings pure hyaline, with

the tip blackish. Empodium about half the length of the claws.

Occiput without bristles.

Two specimens. In one the colours throughout are

not so deep, and the tip of the wing is cinereous.

HoLcocePHALA.

Jennicke, Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch, vi., 1867.

Two male specimens of a species related to H. calva,

Loew, but with the legs nearly black, and the abdomen

not clavate.

BOMBYLIIDAi.

GERON.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., ii., 223, 1820.

1. Geron senilis. (Pl. XI., fig. 81, antenna.)

Geron senilis, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv., 411; Syst.

Antl., 135, Bombylius ; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw.

Ins., 1., 357; Macquart, Dipt. Exot., Suppl.,i., 119.

Hab. West Indies ; Texas.

One male specimen, agreeing very well with Wiede-

mann’s description.

THEREVIDA.

PSILOCEPHALA.

Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp., 525, 1840. ;

1. Psilocephala argentata. (Pl. XL, fig. 82, antenna.)

? Thereva argentata, Bellardi, Saggio, ii., 90 ; Roeder,

Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1885, 340.—Mexico, Porto Rico.

6- Black ; abdomen silvery white, except a large spot on the

anterior angles. Length 6-8 mm.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 307

Frontal triangle shining biack, its inferior corners and the face

opaque silvery. Antenne black ; third joint on the inner, basal

portion yellowish. Cheeks, immediately below the eyes, shining

black, with black pile. Beard white; occiput silvery grey.

Mesonotum with dusky yellowish pile, and black bristles ; on the

sides, shining black; in the middle, with two broad, narrowly

separated, opaque, olivaceous grey stripes ; a narrow stripe between

the two, brown. Scutellum shining black, its apical margin opaque

grey, and with four bristles. Pleure opaque greyish-white, with

white hair. Halteres brown. Abdomen silvery white, when

viewed from above ; the brown or black ground-colour predominant,

when seen from behind; the first segment in the middle, anda

large spot on the anterior angles of the following segments, ex-

tending nearly to the posterior margin, black. Legs, for the

greater part, sordid yellow ; femora black ; the tip or distal portion

of the tibize, and the distal joints of all the tarsi, blackish. Wings

nearly hyaline ; stigma elongate.

Four specimens. Seashore.

EMPIDIDA.

Hyszos.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., i1., 1803.

1. Hybos dimidiatus. (Pl. XI., fig. 83, wing.)

? Hybos dimidiatus, Loew, Wien. Entom. Monatschr.,

iv., 36 (nec Bellardi).

Hab. Cuba.

There are, in the collection, some twelve or more

specimens, which I refer very doubtfully to this species.

In the most typical, the chief differences from the

description are: ‘lhe presence of black hairs on the

thorax, the darker colour of the front femora, and the

light-brown colour of the basal portion of the wings.

The distal portion of the wings is not hyaline, or even

cinereo-hyaline, but is distinctly mfuscated. In some

of the specimens the wings are nearly uniform in colour

throughout.

308 Professor Williston on the Diptera of St. Vincent.

SYNECHES.

Walker, Dipt. Saunders, 165, 1856.

1. Syneches pusillus. (Pl. XI, fig. 84, wing.)

Syneches pustllus, Loew, Centur., 1., 25.

Hab. Illinois, New York.

Two specimens agree with this description. I have

no specimens from the United States for comparison.

DRaPETIS.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., in., 1822.

1. Drapetis xanthopodus, n. sp. (Pl. XI., figs. 85,

antenna; 85a, wing.)

4, 9. Deep shining black ; legs yellow; first posterior cella

little narrowed at the extremity. Length 2-2} mm.

Antenne, front and proboscis black ; eyes contiguous below the

antenne ; front very narrow or subcontiguous in both sexes,

Occiput black, with black pile. Thorax and abdomen shining

black, the mesonotum a little metallic ; pile short, dusky. Legs,

including the coxe, yellow, the tarsi more or less infuscated ; hind

metatarsi brown or brownish ; elongate and somewhat thickened ;

hind tibiz with a short terminal spur; all the femora stout.

Wings cinereous hyaline ; third and fourth veins gently convergent

near the margin.

Ten specimens.

2. Drapetis flavidus, n. sp. (Pl. XI., figs. 86, antenna;

86a, wing.)

&, @. Yellow or reddish-yellow ; head and the fourth

abdominal segment black. Length 2-2} mm.

Occiput, vertical triangle and front black. Eyes contiguous

below the antennz, subcontiguous above. Antenne yellow, the

third joint sometimes brownish. Thorax reddish-yellow, the

mesonotum shining, with light-coloured hair and _ bristles,

Abdomen yellow, opaque, the fourth segment and the hair black.

Legs light yellow, with light-coloured hair and bristles ; hind

tibize in the male with a stout curved spur at the tip ; hind femora

less thickened than the middle ones ; the front pair considerably

thickened. Wings hyaline; the outer portions of the third and

fourth veins parallel or very slightly divergent.

Numerous specimens.

Prof. Aldrich on the Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent. 309

DOLICHOPODID 4.*

Of this family, the collection contains forty-six species,

of which five only can be recognized as previously

described. The study of so much material throws an

interesting light on the geographical distribution of the

genera, ‘The entire absence of Dolichopus, of which the

continent of North America contains nearly a hundred

species, strongly emphasizes the fact that the genus is

limited to the temperate and colder regions. On the other

hand, more than half of the species in the present col-

lection belong to the group which may be termed the

Chirysoting, embracing Chrysotus, Diaphorus, and several

smaller genera, while this group is represented on the

continent by a considerably smalier proportion.

The discovery of a second species of the peculiar genus

Polymedon, having identically the same habits as the

Californian species, is a matter of great interest.

In the description of new species, the aim has been to

pive a careful review of the generic as well as specific

characters in those not infrequent cases where there was

possibility of an erroneous generic determination. ‘The

genera of Dolichopodidx are, at least in part, in need of

thorough revision, and several new ones must yet be

erected for North American forms. Unwilling to under-

take what should be the work of a more experienced

hand, I have avoided, as far as possible, the establish-

ment of new genera in the present article.

I am under the greatest obligation to Professor

Williston, not only for the privilege of undertaking this

work, but for the use of books and other valuable

assistance.

GYMNOPTERNUS.

Loew, Neue Beitr., v., 1857.

1. Gyiunopternus ruficornis, n. sp.

g. Face of moderate width, white pollinose ; front blue-green,

with white dust below; cilia of inferior orbit white. Antenne

red, short, apex of third joint infuscated, the dorsal arista slightly

pubescent. Thoracic dorsum bright green; a blackish-bronze

* By Professor J. M. Aldrich.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—Parr lit, (SEPT.)

310 Professor Aldrich on the

stripe above the base of each wing, before and below this a spot

with a silvery reflection when viewed from above ; pleurz dark

green, in part black, with grey dust. Cilia of tegule black,

halteres yellow. Abdomen bright green above, the sides below

white-dusted, the hairs everywhere black and rather coarse ; at

the tip of the abdomen are two bristles, as long as two segments ;

hypopygium blackish-green, the lamelle rounded, yellow, with

pale brown margin fringed with ‘yellow bristles. Fore and hind

coxe yellow, the former with very long black bristles and black

hairs, the latter with a large and a smaller lateral bristle close

together ; middle coxz brown on the basal half ; femora and tibize

light yellow, the fore tibie with a row of irregular but distinct

bristles on the front side ; the fore tarsi are pale to the extreme

tip ; middle and hind tibiz with erect and conspicuous bristles ;

they are gradually infuscated from tip of first joint. Wings

rather narrow, hyaline, the fourth vein converging towards the

tbird, toward the tip close to, and nearly parallel with it.

Q. Face nearly twice as wide, white ; no long bristles at tip of

abdomen ; otherwise substantially like the male.

Length 1°6 mm.; of wing, the same.

One male, one female.

Pa@cILoBOTHRUS.

Mik. Dipt. Untersuch., 1578

1. Pecilobothrus wnguiculatus, n. sp. (PL X xy figs 101;

last joint of 4, front tarsus. PI. XII, fic. 116,

tip of wing.)

g&. Face very wide, below the suture with two lateral con-

vexities separated by a narrow groove ; colour dark brownish-

green, with dense brown pollen, which appears lighter in certain

directions. Palpi brown, with yellow tips; proboscis large,

blackish. Front concave, shining violet in the middle, about the

edges blackish. Antenne brownish-black, the under part a little

reddish ; third joint ovate, a little pointed in an upward direction ;

arista nearly basal, short, distinctly feathered. Cilia of the inferior

orbit white. Thorax bronze-green, not very shining ; acrostichal

bristles in two rows ; the two rows of interior dorsal bristles (Mik)

are inserted upon slender longitudinal shining blue lines, expanded

posteriorly. The posterior margin of the dorsum is in the form of a

thin projection, running around from the root of one wing to that

of the other; above this the surface is considerably dusted.

Scutellum bare, coppery. Pleure greenish, with white pollen.

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 311

Cilia of tegula black. Tegulee and halteres deep yellow. Abdomen

olivaceous, slightly shining, on the sides shining green, and vent-

rally white pollinose. Hypopygium free and rather large, but

sessile ; colour black, a little dusted on the sides, the lamelle are

brown, yellowish at base, rather long and narrow, with rounded

corners and a fringe of long black bristles all the way around

except basally. All the cox brown, their tips yellow ; femora

yellow, tibiz brownish-yellow, the hind knees brown. Tips of

front tibiz light yellow ; first joint of fore tarsus of the same

colour for two-thirds of its length, the remainder of the tarsus

brownish-black. The joints beyond the first are short, and all are

somewhat thickened ; the last is rather long,,and bears a little

prominence on the underside near the base ; the claw on the inner

side is greatly enlarged, and bends back across this prominence as

a straight spine, forming a grasping organ ; beyond this its point

curves laterally, the other claw and the pulvilli are nearly normal,

but the latter are inserted a little toward the side instead of

exactly at the end ; the other tarsi normal, brownish-black beyond

the first joint, which is short in the hind foot. Middle and hind

tibiz a little infuscated at the tip. Wings a little brownish, more

so along the veins, costa a little thickened in its first part ; the

fourth vein makes a gradual curve forward throughout its last

section, the convexity behind (see figure).

@. Face widerand more prominent, the two convexities uniting

below. Pollen more greyish. Palpi larger. Antennz more

yellowish below. Front tibize yellow with brownish tip, their tarsi

simple, coloured like the others. Costa very much thickened before

the end of the first vein. In one of my females each posterior

cross-vein has a short stump on the exterior side near the middle.

Length 4-4°5 mm. ; of wing, 4 mm.

Fcur males and four females. May.

HeERrcostomus.

Loew, Neue Beitr., v., 1857.

1. Hercostomus latipes,n.sp. (PI. XII., fig. 111, tip of

willy.)

4. Face very narrow in the middle, above and below a little

wider, with a median groove almost the whole length ; in colour

yellowish-brown, with thick silvery pollen. Palpi and proboscis

yellow or a little brownish. Front shining green. Antenne red ;

third joint brown, oval, slightly pointed, with a dorsal, moderately

pubescent arista. Cilia of inferior orbit white. Thorax shining

ie Professor Aldrich on the

green, sometimes coppery, more so along the front margin. Small

humeral bristles (Mik) numerous. Viewed from above, there is a

silvery pollinose spot behind the humerus, and another behind the

root of the wing. Scutellum coppery. Pleurz mixed light and

dark green, white-dusted. Tegule yellow, their cilia black.

Abdomen coppery, on the sides more green, and ventrally some-

what white-dusted. Hypopygium large and long, yet scarcely

pedunculated ; the lamelle proper are very small, yellow; the

outer basal portion of each gives rise to a stout claw, twice as long

as the lamella itself, black except a little at base, and curving

upward toward the venter. A row of black bristles runs along the

outer side of the claw two-thirds of the distance to the tip. Coxe,

legs, and feet wholly yellow, the last gradually infuscated toward

the end. ‘The fore coxe have three large bristles, numerous black

hairs, and a few smaller bristles. Middle coxe with hair and

bristles. Hind coxee with the usual bristle. Fore tarsi widened

from near the tip of the first joint, the under surface destitute of

the customary black hair, therefore resembling a broad yellow sole.

All the joints beyond the first are shorter than usual. Hind meta-

tarsi shorter than following joint. Wings subhyaline, of slender

outline. Fourth vein converging with the third in its last section,

less so near the tip, ending distinctly before the apex. Posterior

cross-vein at right angles to the long axis of the wing.

Q. Face wider, less narrowed in the middle, without groove ;

but little white pollinose, except on the prominent lower part, the

remainder more greenish or brownish. Palpi a little larger, each

with a minute bristle as well as fine hairs. The black spot over-

lying the transverse suture on each side of the thorax is very large,

rather more so than the male. In one immature specimen the

coppery colour is but little noticeable, leaving the abdomen and

scutellum almost pure green.

Length 3-3} mm.; of wing, 24 mm.

Seven males and five females. 500-1500 altitude.

PELASTONEURUS.

Loew, Neue Beitr., viii., 1861.

1, Pelastoneurus lineatus, n. sp.

g. Front of moderate width, deep blue-green, shining. Face

narrow in the middle, wider above and below, the ground colour

brown, white pollinose. Palpi brownish-yellow, but little visible.

Antenne red, the first two joints short, the third large, oval, the

Dolichopodidex of St. Vincent (West Indies). 313

apical half brown; arista dorsal, black, short, curved, distinctly

feathered with sparse hairs. Cilia of inferior orbit white. Thorax

shining green, with a bronze median line extending to the scu-

tellum ; auteriorly this line is enclosed by the acrostichal bristles ;

the small humeral bristles occupy a large area. The usual black

colour accompanies the transverse suture on its upperside. In the

proper light there is a silvery pollinose spot behind the humerus,

another above the root of the wing, and a third behind it. Pleurz

blackish-green, white-dusted. Cilia of tegule black. Abdomen

shining green, the sides of each segment silvery pollinose ; each

incisure is covered with a broad black band. Hypopygium black,

exserted, the peduncle nearly as long as a segment of the abdomen ;

lamelle small, dark-brown, with slender cilia, and on the upper side

a row of equal short spines. Front cox yellow ; middle ones.

brown, except the tips ; hind ones yellow, with brown base. ‘The

front and middle ones have numerous black hairs ; the former have

several bristles, the latter only one of any size ; hind cox witha

single lateral bristle. Femora and tibie yellow; the middle

femora with a row of delicate, short, light-coloured cilia below.

Middle and hind femora with preapical bristle. 'Tarsi yellow, the

middle and hind ones infuscated toward the tip. Fore pulvilli

enlarged ; hind metatarsi shortened. Wings slightly infuscated ;

the last section of the fourth vein bends gently forward, runs

nearly straight for a distance, then is gradually recurved, ending

near the third, which bends back at tip.

@. Face wider and more yellowish ; palpi and proboscis larger,

yellow ; third joint of antennz smaller, scarcely infuscated ; dorsal

stripe wider ; pulvilli normal ; middle femora without cilia.

Length 4 mm. ; of wing, 3°8.

Twelve males, five females. Sea level to 1500 feet. May.

2. Pelastonewrus argentiferus, n. sp.

¢. Face wide, concave to the suture, convex below, the con-

cave portion shining green, except that the sides and lower part

are somewhat silvery pollinose ; this pollen covers the convex part.

Palpi a little more yellowish. Front violet-green, scarcely shining.

Antenne blackish, the lower side reddish to a variable degree,

Third joint short when fully developed, in some specimens shrivelled.

Arista plumose, short, thick at base, rapidly tapering. Cilia of

inferior orbit whitish. Thorax dark green, but little shining,

acrostichal bristles in two rows, enclosing an area which is opaque

as far as the middle. On each side of this, reaching to the inner

314 Professor Aldrich on the

dorsal bristles, is a more shining dark-blue area changing to violet

posteriorly, and also spreading wider, so that most of the posterior

half of the dorsum is deep violet. Viewing the specimen from

above and behind, the light striking it from above and in front,

four silver spots are visible—two just below the transverse suture,

and behind the humeri, the others above and behind the roots of

the wings. Scutellum bronze-green. Pleurz green, white-dusted,

tegule light-yellow, their cilia black. Abdomen bronze-green

above, brighter green on the sides, below the middle of the sides

white pollinose. Sixth segment entirely silvery pollinose, rather

thin dorsally. Hypopygium large, blackish-green, considerably

dusted, sessile, the lamella developed into rather long upcurved

black processes, irregular in outline and with numerous black

bristles of different sizes ; at the base of each of these processes,

below (dorsad) is a minute, yellowish, yellow-haired appendix,

—this I take to be the true lamella, homologous with that

organ in Dolichopus, while the process just described is a develop-

ment from its upper basal corner, as occurs in some other species of

the family. Fore coxze yellow, at the base very slightly infuscated,

with black hairs and bristles, middle and hind coxz brownish-black,

rather largely yellow at apex. Femora and tibiz all yellow, the

middle and hind knees very slightly infuscated, middle tibie

slightly, the hind ones strongly infuscated at tip. Front tarsi

only slightly and gradually infuscated, middle ones from tip of

first joint, hind ones entirely, black. Wings brownish, the fourth

yein bent forward in a very gentle curve and afterward nearly

straight, ending close to the third before the apex.

¢. Face wider, in the middle somewhat brownish ; palpi

larger. Front blackish-brown, silver spots on thorax smaller,

but still distinct. Abdomen somewhat coppery, often less bronze.

Hind tibiz less black at the tip.

Length 3°5 mm. ; of wing, 3 mm.

Eleven males and five females. May, September; one

specimen marked “‘ Near sea by open stream.”

PARACLIUS.

Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1859, p. 215.

1. Paraclius filiferus, n. sp. (Pl. XI., fig. 102, tip

of wing.)

¢. Front of medium width, white pollinose on a green back-

ground. Palpi brownish-yellow, the extreme tips only visible, front

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 315

rather wider than long, green, shining, with a violet reflection.

Antenne red; the third joint moderately large, ovate, with a blunt

point, brown at the apex. Arista short, black, with moderate

pubescence. Cilia of inferior orbit white. Thorax metallic-

green. Acrostichal bristles rather large, in two rows, between

which the colour is more coppery. <A large area of small humeral

bristles ; on this area the colour is also somewhat coppery, and

whitish dusted. Scutellum coppery. Pleurz green, white-pollinose.

Abdomen shining green, the posterior margins of the segments

darker, lateral parts white-pollinose. Hypopygium large, exserted

but sessile, the main part greenish-black coloured with light dust.

Lamellz yellow, brownish and rather pointed in front, with slender

bristles ; the upper basal corner is deawn out into a long hairy

filament. All the cox, femora, and tibizw red ; middle coxe with

a lateral basal brown spot. Fore and middle coxe with numerous

black hairs and bristles. Lateral bristle of hind cox small.

Middle and hind femora with a preapical bristle. Middle and

hind tibize with large bristles arising from an outer glabrous stripe;

their tarsi infuscated from tip of first joint. Hind metatarsus

short. Wings a little brownish along the costal portion ; venation

normal ; the curve of the fourth vein is almost a right angle.

Posterior cross-vein somewhat curved, the convexity outward.

Length 3°5 mm. ; of wing, 2°8 mm.

Numerous males and females. Sea-level to 500 feet.

May, September.

The female differs in having a wider and less dusted

face, and somewhat darker tarsi and middle coxe.

LeprocoryPHa, n. gen.*

&. Face not reaching down to inferior corner of eye. Antennz

large ; first joint with hair on the upper side, on the inner apical

side projecting ina short cone; second joint transverse, attached to

the first, so as to make an angle toward the side ; third joint large,

arista dorsal. The lower part of the joint drawn out in a point

with pile on the front and lower sides. Palpi small. Acrostichal

bristles in two rows. At a little distance from these, along the

anterior dorsal margin of the thorax, begins an area of minute,

closely-set bristles, reaching to the humeri, forming a distinctly

limited triangular space on each side. Scutellum with two large

Aemtds, narrow ; Kopvpn, apex.

316 Professor Aldrich on the

bristles and two small ones, its disk large. Abdomen short, for

a male, tapering, the posterior margin of each segment, with a row

of large bristles, which are longest on the last segment. Hypopy-

gium disengaged, large, bent forward under the abdomen, the

lamellee rather small. Fore and middle cox with bristles and

hair on the front side ; the hind ones with two bristles on the

outer side. Middle and hind femora with a pre-apical bristle.

Hind metatarsus without bristles above. Second and third longi-

tudinal veins straight, moderately divergent; fourth curving

abruptly forward about the middle of its last segment, then gradu-

ally curving in the other direction, so that near the extremity it

has a concavity behind, ending near the third vein. Posterior

cross-vein a little more than its length from the margin.

1. Leptocorypha pavo, n. sp. (Pl. XII., fig. 112, wing.)

@. Bright, metallic-green. Front wide, bright-green, a little

concave. Face moderately narrow, wider above, covered with a

smooth coat of whitish pollen. Palpi but little visible, yellow,

with only one or two very minute bristles. Cilia of the inferior

orbit whitish, no long hairs behind them. Occiput flat. Antenna

large, reddish, first joint hairy above, broad at the end, drawn out

on the inner corner into a cone; second joint transverse, hairy

above ; third joint very large. Viewed from the side, the last on

its proximal, lower corner runs back entirely past the second joint.

It is very high, rounded above, the arista dorsal rather short and

stout with long pubescence, the lower distal portion of the joint

drawn out into a long up-curved point, densely short, pilose on

the inner and lower side. It reaches about to the middle of the

avista, and beyond its end the latter has longer pubescence than

before it. This third joint in outline is similar to that of some

species of Tabanus. Thorax very bright metallic-green, somewhat

whitish-dusted about the front part. The triangular areas of fine

bristles above mentioned are on a bronze ground colour, Trans-

verse suture very far forward, a black spot along its upper side.

Scutellum long, nearly rectangular on its disk. Pleurze mostly

black, dusted lightly with white, around the base of middle and

hind cox more or less yellow. That thin fold of the integument

which, in many species of this family, begins just above the hind

coxze and expands upward, so as to partially embrace the first

abdominal segment, is strikingly conspicuous in my specimens of

this species. Halteres and tegule yellow. Cilia of the latter

black. Abdomen bright-green, a narrow line of black along the

posterior border of each segment, numerous black hairs and a

Dolichopodidx of St. Vineent (West Indies). 317

posterior row of long bristles on each segment. The bristles of

the fifth segment are a little longer than thesegment. The exserted

hypopygium is large, yellow throughout, except that the pedicel

is brownish at the base, and the lamellz are bordered with brown-

ish. Bristles of the latter yellow, comparatively weak. Coxe,

femora, and tibiz all yellow. Tarsi yellow at base, uniformly a

little brownish toward the tip, on account of the covering of

minute dark hairs. Pulvilli of ordinary size. Venation of the

wings are in the description of the genus. Length 3:25 mm.; of

wing, 3 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent, West Indies. Altitude,

one 500 and one 1000 ft.

ANEPSIUS.

Loew, Neue Beitr., v., 1857.

1. Anepsius linearis, n. sp.

g. Thoracic dorsum shining green. Abdomen yellow and

black. Legs yellow. Front very short, opaque, greyish. Face

white, long, so narrow as to be almost invisible, still the eyes in

well-preserved specimens are not contiguous ; just below the

antenne the face widens. Antenne brownish or yellowish, long ;

the first joint elongate, with a few hairs above; the second and

third of about equal size, the latter with a blunt point directed a

little upward. Arista basal, bare, its first jomt thick. Cilia of

the orbit apparently wanting in all my specimens. Thorax bright

green. Acrostichal bristles in two rows. Scutellum with one

large and one minute bristle on each side. Pleurz non-metallic,

brown, toward the cox, and along the hind border yellowish.

Halteres yellow. Cilia of tegule blackish, one or two yellow.

Abdomen elongate, laterally compressed, black, non-metallic,

second, third, and fourth segments across the dorsum yellow,

except the fore and hind margins, venter yellow. Hypopygium

small, scarcely exserted, the yellowish appendages minute. The

hairs on the sides of the abdomen and on the venter are long and

yellowish; on the dorsum they are short and brown. Coxe and

legs light yellow, only the hind tarsi slightly infuscated. Hairs of

fore and middle cox sparse and delicate ; hind coxa with a single

slender blackish lateral bristle. Fore tarsi one-and-a-half times as

long as the tibiz ; the pulvilli strongly enlarged. Middle tibia

just below the knee, with two or three weak bristles in a group ;

middle tarsi longer than their tibia. Hind femora with considerable

hair, especially on the fore side ; hind tibiz long, a little clavate,

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—PART III. (SEPT.) 22

318 Professor Aldrich on the

on the hind side below the middle with a row of small bristles.

Hind metatarsus thickened, half as long as the following joint.

Wings broad, yellowish ; first and second veins far from the costa,

fourth only gently curved, ending behind the apex, nearly parallel

to the third. Posterior cross-vein long, almost twice its length

from the border ; second posterior cell large. Anal angle well

developed.

@. Much smaller than male. First joint of antenne not

elongated. Arista scarcely thickened. Face moderately narrow,

parallel, the palpi and proboscis rather prominent, brownish.

Abdomen usually not compressed, the dorsum wholly brownish-

black ; venter yellowish. Fore pulvilli not enlarged. Hind tibiz

as in the male, but the bristles fewer and shorter. Wings a little

narrower.

Length, male, 2°6 ; female, 1°7 mm.

1000 to 1500 feet altitude. June. Numerous males

and females.

POLYMEDON.

Osten Sacken, Western Diptera, 317, 1877.

This genus will have to be somewhat amended, as it

should evidently include the following species. Baron

Osten Sacken, in establishing it, had only one species,

and consequently did not succeed in separating per-

fectly the generic and specific characters. ‘The long cilia

of the tegule, absence of acrostichal bristles, and large

swelling of the costa, are characters that pertain only to

the male of P. flabellifer, and are not generic. In the

species here described, the hind metatarsi are in the male

decidedly, in the female slightly, shorter than the follow-

ing jot. Mr. Samuel Henshaw, at my request, kindly

examined the types of P. flabellifer in the Museum of

Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., and informs me

that the hind metatarsi are not shorter than the following

joint.

In the generic diagnosis, add ‘ above” to the clause,

First jot of hind tarsi without bristles.”

1. Polymedon superbus, n. sp. (Pl. XI, fig. 103, head

of ¢. Pl. XIL, fig. 113, wing; fig. 118, head of

?; fig. 119, head of 3.)

@. Head large and high. Face wide; about half-way to the

lower corner of the eye it is bent backward obliquely and grows

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 319

gradually wider ; beyond the lower corner of the eye it hangs

down in a thin sheet, rounded below, aboutas far as its own width.

The mouth parts hang down behind this. The whole face is

silvery white. The proboscis and palpi are brown. Front some-

what excavated, deep metallic-blue, approaching violet in colour,

very slightly dusted in the middle; along each side and across

behind the ocelli white pollinose. Antenne situated far above the

middle of the face, directed strongly upward, as compared to the

head alone ; the latter, however, stands in an oblique position,

strongly receding below, so that the antenne are in reality directed

straight forward. Immediately below their origin there is an

angle in the profile of the head, and it begins to recede. First

joint of the antennz long and slender, yellow, with hairs above,

the second projects considerably in a rounded curve over the inner

edge of the third ; it isalso yellow. Third joint large rounded, a

little longer than high, with a slight point. The arista is dorsal,

thick, short, nearly bare, curved downward, brown in colour.

Third joint of antennz brown at the tip. Cilia of inferior orbit

white. Occiput dark-green, dusted on each side. Dorsum of

thorax shining metallic-green, in an oblique view, more blue or

violet, darker and more bluish near the borders. Acrostichal

bristles two rowed; a considerable area of small humeral bristles.

The transverse suture is wholly bronze-black, which colour extends

narrowly toward the anterior. Just below this is an elongate

silvery pollinose spot, reaching forward to a point above the

humerus. Pleure greenish-black, covered with bluish white dust,

Tegule infuscated, with black cilia. Halteres yellow, Scutellum

shining bluish-green, with a very large and a very small bristle on

each side. Between the corner of the scutellum and the root of

the wing is an excavated area, black, with a handsome silver spot.

Abdomen bluish-green, with rather long bristles bordering the

segments behind. When viewed in the proper light, each segment

beyond the first is white pollinose on the anterior half, except in

the middle of the dorsum, Toward the venter this pollen becomes

dense and silvery. In the same light the posterior half of each

segment is deep metallic violet-blue. Hypopygium large, exserted,

turned under the venter. It is opaque-black, except some of the

inner parts, which are brownish or yellowish. The lamelle are

large, parallelogram shaped, somewhat oblique, black. Along

the upper margin of each are two slender curved yellow bristles,

some distance apart. Fore and middle coxze with a few hairs and

bristles ; hind ones witha single lateral bristle. Fore coxe yellow,

the others brownish-black. Femora and tibiw yellow. Tarsi

blackened from the middle of the first joint, middle tarsi a little

320 Professor Aldrich on the

crooked near the middle. Hind metatarsi three-fourths the length

of the following joint, with a small but distinet bristle on the

underside. Wings a little smoky ; venation much as in Tachy

trechus (Loew, Mon. N. A. Dol., Pl. III., 6); the third vein, how-

ever, is bent backward by a very gentle curve, beginning before

the middle of the wing ; the fourth vein runs in a straight line

past the cross-vein for a distance about equal to the length of that

vein, then bends forward in a gentle curve and is almost straight

for the rest of its course, but with a slight convexity forward. It

ends some distance before the apex,near the third vein. Costa

scarcely swollen before the end of the first vein. Fifth vein

attenuated near the end, obsolete before the border.

9. Face white pollinose of about the same width as in the

male, ending in a point below, which reaches fully to the lower edge

of the eyes. Palpiand proboscis rather small, brownish. First

joint of the antennez shorter than in the male, all the joints

blackened along the upper border. Middle tarsi simple ; hind

metatarsi but little shorter than the following joint. General

colour of thorax and abdomen deep blue, verging into green,

shining.

Length 4-4:75 mm. ; of wing, 4:2 mm.

Eleven males and eight females; one label reads,

“Richmond Valley, Forest. 1800 feet, December 31. On

stones along stream ;”’ another, “ This species lights on

rocks in the beds of mountain streams above 1000 feet.

Very wary.”

The green, blue, and silver colours of this species are

so changeable in different lights that they are difficult to

describe. There will be no difficulty in recognizing the

insect.

DIAPHORUS.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., iv., 1824.

1. Diaphorus opacus, Loew.

This species was based by Loew on a single male

specimen from New York, and a female from Pennsyl-

vania was doubtfully referred to it. The length of these

specimens is 3mm. I have numerous representatives.

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies). 321

of a species from St. Vincent, West Indies, which agree

substantially with the description, but are only 2 mm.

long ; in the males also the hairs on the underside of the

middle femora seem to be less conspicuous. It would

not be safe to describe the species as new without com-

parison with the types of opacus; for the present I

consider it a small form of the latter.

In the West Indian specimens, it is difficult to separate

Diaphorus from Chrysotus. When the face and front

are parallel, I have followed the general rule of referring

all to Chrysotus that did not show in the male sex

elongated front pulvilli or large bristles at the end of

the abdomen.

2. Diaphorus approximatus, n. sp.

¢. Face white pollinose, rectangular, the ground colour

blackish ; the eyes approximated on the front so as almost to

touch, the two frontal triangles and the narrow strip connecting

them whitish pollinose. Antenne short, third joint crescent

shaped, with apical arista ; second joint with several radiating

black hairs of moderate length. Cilia of inferior orbit white.

Dorsum of thorax green, dusted with yellow, not very shining ;

pleuree black with grey dust. Halteres and tegule yellow, the

cilia of the latter brown, sometimes a little mixed with white.

Abdomen shining dark-green, with black hairs above, which change

to reddish on the sides; hair of the venter long, delicate, pale.

The four bristles at the apex of the abdomen are small. Hypopy-

gium concealed. Cox black ; femora brownish-black, yellow at

tip ; on the outer and lower edge of the fore femora, near the tip

is a row of long hairs. Tibie yellow, tarsi infuscated from the

tip of the first joint, pulvilli of fore tarsi enlarged. Wings

slightly brownish, very broad; the greatest width is about the

middle; the third vein toward the tip curves noticeably backward.

Length 3 mm.; of wing, 2°5 mm.

Numerous males. Sea level to 1000 feet. May. The

tegular cilia seem to be pale in some lights and brown

in others.

3. Diaphorus parvulus, n. sp.

Minute, shining green; legs yellow; cilia of tegula and of

inferior orbit pale; eyes of male broadly separated.

@. Face blackish; with grey dust; palpi brownish-yellow,

322 Professor Aldrich on the

front shining green, broader than face ; antennz black, third joint

rather large, with subapical arista. Cilia of inferior orbit white.

Thorax shining green, a little dusted ; bristles black ; pleurz

black, with thin grey dust. Abdomen shining bronze-green,

venter yellowish ; the black bristles at apex not present ; hypopy-

gium concealed, the tips of two small, yellow appendages

visible ; hair of abdomen black, below somewhat reddish. Fore

coxee yellow, with yellow hairs; middle cox pale at tip, the basal

half or more blackish; hind tibiz yellow with dark base. Femora,

tibie and tarsi yellow, the last one or two joints of the tarsi

infuscated ; the femora sometimes have a brownish tinge. Fore

tarsi one and a-half times the length of the tibiz, with enlarged

pulvilli; the other pulvilli of equal size scarcely enlarged. The

erect lateral bristle of the middle tibie very large. Wings

yellowish, with yellow veins and the usual configuration.

Q. Antenne, particularly the third joint, smaller. Pulvilli

plain ; otherwise as in the male.

Length 1:2 mm. ; of wing, the same.

Three males, three females, 1500-2000 feet. May,

July.

4. Diaphorus dimidiatus, n. sp.

Light green, whitish pruinose ; basal half of abdomen yellow.

¢. Face and front concolorous, bluish-green with grey dust ;

lower part of the face rather narrow, palpi rather large, pale

yellow, with black hairs; antennz blackish, third joint very short,

with dorsal arista; cilia of lateral and inferior orbit pale, the

lower ones long. Thorax light green, somewhat bluish, wholly

pruinose with white ; in the middle of the dorsum a little shining ;

pleurz concolorous with the dorsum, opaque ; halteres large, pale

yellow; tegule pale yellow with black cilia. Second and third

segments of the abdomen light yellow, with black jhairs; fourth

and fifth segments shining green, a little coppery ; the four apical

bristles large; hypopygium concealed, with scarcely visible

appendages. Fore cox:e pale yellow, with long black bristles and

a few small black hairs on the front side ; middle coxz black with

yellow tip, with rather coarse black bristles on the front side ;

hind coxe brownish-yellow, more black at base, purer yellow at

tip, with a single lateral bristle. femora, tibizv and tarsi yellow,

the last two or three joints of the tarsi infuscated ; the fore tarsi

are longer than the tibie, with pulvilli as long as the third

joint ; middle tarsi proportionally a little shorter, their pulvilli

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 328

almost the same size. Middle tibiz on the outer front edge with

two bristles besides the one at the tip ; hind tibiz slender, with a

few small bristles behind. Wings rather narrow, subhyaline, with

yellow veins. The anterior end of the large cross-vein is in the

centre of the wing. Length 2 mm.; of wing, 1°8 mm.

Five males. May. This species belongs to the group

of D. hoffmanseggu, Meig., of Kurope, and D. satrapa,

Wheeler, of Nebraska, but is readily distinguished by

the characters given.

5. Diaphorus contiqguus, n. sp.

Brownish, opaque species, or sometimes slightly shining ;

femora black, tibize yellow; cilia of inferior orbit and of

tegule blackish ; eyes of male broadly contiguous,

6. Face opaque, blackish, short ; palpi brown; antenne very

short arista sub-apical ; ocellar tubercle prominent ; cilia of in-

ferior orbit almost black, yet in certain lights rather brownish.

Dorsum of thorax opaque-brown, the ground colour being blackish

and the thick dust light-brown. Pleure black with thinner.and

greyer dust ; halteres and tegule yellow, the latter with black cilia.

Abdomen opaque-black with black hairs ; the apical bristles large ;

appendages of the hypopygium not or scarcely visible. Coxe and

femora black, the latter with yellowish tips. Front femora along

the lower and outer edge with a row of long hairs; middle and

hind femora with a few rather long hairs near the tip on the fore

side ; tibize yellow, with only few and weak bristles, except at tip.

Fore tarsi once and a half as long as the tibiew, the pulvilli large ;

middle tarsi scarcely longer than the tibiz, the pulvilli small; all

the tarsi infuscated from about the third joint. Wings very

broad near the base on account of the extraordinary development

of the anal angle; first vein farther from the margin than

usual.

@. Face and front of equal width, the face remarkably broad

and short, greyish brown ; the large palpi of the same colour ;

front opaque-brown ; front femora destitute of long hairs ; bristles

of posterior tibize stronger than in the male ; wings, although very

broad, not quite so much so as in the male.

Length 2 mm.; of wing, 1°38 mm,

Eleven males, seven females. May.

6. Diaphorus flavipes, n. sp.

Pure green, lightly dusted ; cilia of tegule and inferior orbit

pale ; legs yellow ; eyes of male contiguous.

324 Professor Aldrich on the

&- Face short, small, greyish pollinose; antenne small,

brownish, second and third joints short but rather large, with

almost apical arista. Eyes contiguous for a moderate distance ;

palpi and proboscis yellow ; cilia of inferior orbit white. Thorax

green, slightly dusted, the smaller bristles of a rusty reddish colour,

the larger ones at the tips the same, but black at base; pleure

blackish, grey-dusted. Halteres large, pure sulphur yellow, tegulz

brownish-yellow with yellow cilia. Abdomen shining bronze-green,

venter yellowish ; hairs of abdomen yellow, the apical bristles not

present ; hypopygium concealed, only some minute yellow appen-

dages visible. Coxze femora, tibie and tarsi yellow, the middle

coxe largely blackish at base and the tips of the tarsi a little

brownish ; bristles of tibiae extremely small and weak, except at

the tips of the posterior ones. Fore tarsi longer than tibiz, pulvilli

enlarged ; pulvilli of middle tarsi scarcely at all enlarged. Wings

yellowish, with yellow veins, widest about the middle.

@. Front as wide as the face below, a little wider above,

shining green, with yellow dust below and at the sides ; thorax

shining green with yellow dust, the larger bristles scarcely reddish

at ‘tip ; yellow hair of the abdomen rather dense near the tip ;

bristles of the posterior tibie larger than in the male ; pulvilli

small.

Length 2-2°4 mm. ; of wing, 2 mm.

Numerous males and females. March to September.

Sea-level to 2000 feet.

@. Diaphorus dubius, n. sp.

Greenish-bronze, moderately shining ; eyes of male not approxi-

mated ; femora black, tibia yellow.

&@. Face obscurely dusted with greenish-white, parallel ; front

green, shining only in a band across the vertex, the remainder

yellowish dusted ; antennz black, the third joint very short, sub-

reniform, with apical arista; cilia of inferior orbit pale, palpi and

proboscis blackish, the former of ordinary size. Thorax bronze-

green, a little shining ; the pleura blackish, with white dust, more

conspicuous posteriorly ; halteres and tegule yellow, the tegular

cilia black, Abdomen bronze-green with a coppery reflection,

sometimes scarcely at all green ; its hairs are black, on the lower

side less so and longer ; the four stout black hairs at the apex are

well-marked in some specimens, in others not. Hypopygium con-

cealed, its appendages small and inconspicuous, Cox and femora

black, trochanters and tips of femora reddish ; the fore coxze with

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies). 325

black hairs on the front side, middle coxe with a few coarse

blackish hairs in front, hind cox with a single lateral bristle ;

near the end of each femur, on the outer side, are three or four

larger hairs ; on the anterior side of the middle tibia just below

the knee, is a single erect bristle, on the posterior side of the hind

tibie are two or three small bristles. The pulvilli of the fore

tarsi are enlarged ; fore and middle tarsi infuscated from the tip

of the first joint, the length of the former exceeding that of their

tibie ; hind tarsi shorter than their tibie, the infuscation beginning

near the base. Wings of only ordinary width, subhyaline, the

fourth vein ending exactly in the apex, the outline is more rounded

before the apex than behind it.

Length 2°4-2°7 mm. ; of wing, the same.

Numerous males and females. 500-1500 feet altitude.

This species differs from sodalis, Loew, by its smaller

size and black hairs on the fore coxe. The female of

dubius differs from the male in having a slightly wider

face, smaller antennz, shorter and thicker abdomen, the

femora without longer hairs, and the tibize with stronger

bristles. In a large series of specimens | notice con-

siderable variation: some of the specimens if alone

would no doubt be referred to Chrysotus.

CuRYSOTUS.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., iv., 1824.

1. Chrysotus excisus, n. sp.

¢. Eyes broadly contiguous on the face, with an area of

enlarged facets; front broad, short, deep bluish-green to bronze-

green in colour ; palpi and proboscis blackish. Antenne black, the

third joint very large, kidney-shaped, hairy along the outer part ;

arista apical, arising from a deep notch in the joint. In some

specimens this peculiarity is but little developed ; in others it is

very distinct; in some specimens the point below the notch is

longer than the one above, giving the arista a subapical position.

Cilia of inferior orbit small, brownish. Dorsum of thorax

bright bluish-green, sometimes more bronze or coppery ; pleure

black ; tegulz and halteres yellow to brown, the former with black

cilia. Abdomen short, thick, black, scarcely with a green reflection ;

hypopygium concealed, sometimes with a minute brownish appen-

dage or two barely visible. Feet black; from the knees down

326 Professor Aldrich on the

sometimes more brownish than black, with close black hair. Fore

tarsi longer than the tibizw ; the middle and hind femora have near

the tip below a few bristles; the latter not ciliated. Wings

almost hyaline, rather small in size, of the usual shape.

2. Face blackish, of ordinary structure; third joint of

antenne not so large nor so deeply notched as in some of the

males ; halteres yellow.

Length 1:7-2°1 mm. ; of wing, the same.

Numerous males and females. 500—2000 feet altitude.

2. Chrysotus proximus, n. sp.

Differs from the preceding species only in having the legs from

the knees down light yellow ; some of the males have the third

joint even larger ; the average size is smaller. In some specimens

the trochanters also are yellow. Length 16-2 mm.; of wing,

the same.

Numerous specimens, as above.

3. Chrysotus flavus, n. sp.

Wholly pure yellow species; eyes of male contiguous on the

face.

¢d. Palpi large, about half as long as the face, yellow ; eye

contiguous, leaving a blackish triangle below the antenne ; front

very broad at vertex, narrow towards the antennx, dark in colour,

probably metallic in living specimens ; antennz rather large, the

third joint a little elongated with a subapical brownish arista ; the

colour of the antennz is wholly yellow; cilia of lateral and

inferior orbit yellow. Thorax with pleure wholly yellow, the

bristles blackish, but in a strong light more yellowish. Cilia of

tegule brown ; below the tegulaa small blackish spot. Metanotum

strongly developed. Abdomen yellow, the dorsum blackish except

at base ; the first segment has a row of long hairs, black above, at

the sides yellow. The hair of the dorsum is blackish, of

the rest yellow. The abdomen as a whole is short, the hypo-

pygium concealed, a few minute yellow organs visible. Legs from

coxa to tarsus wholly pure yellow, with yellow hairs and bristles ;

middle and hind tibie rather bristly, the hind tarsi with small

bristles below. Wings almost hyaline ; fourth vein perfectly

straight in its last segment, ending behind the apex.

2. Face very narrow, white pollinose ; palpi long, broader

than in the male, resting on the very large yellow proboscis.

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies). 327

Abdomen only a little blackish above, but still with black

hairs.

Length 1°6 mm. ; of wing, 1°6 mm.

One male, one female. 1000 feet.

4, Chrysotus albipalpus, n. sp.

Minute blackish species, the male with contiguous eyes and

large white palpi.

$. Eyes briefly contiguous or just touching on the face, with

some very large facets at this point ; the palpi are large, snow-

white ; the front, and also the facial triangle below the eyes

yellow-dusted on a green colour. Antenne small, black, the third

joint not enlarged, rounded, with apical arista. Cilia of inferior

orbit white and rather long. Dorsum of thorax green, somewhat

golden, moderately shining ; a dark stripe along the lateral edge.

Pleurze black with white dust ; tegule somewhat infuscated, with

black cilia; halteres yellow. Abdomen dark green, scarcely

shining, short, somewhat clubbed toward the apex. Hypo-

pygium concealed, some small dark processes slightly visible, more

remote than usual from the apex of abdomen. Coxe and femora

black, the former with pale hairs ; tibiz varying from yellow to

brown ; bases of tarsi concolorous with tibiz, tips darker. Pulvilli

of fore tarsi considerably, of the middle tarsi less, enlarged. Wings

tinged with brown, considerably rounded behind, fourth vein

ending in the apex.

9. Face of moderate width, white pollinose, tibize usually

light-yellow. Otherwise substantially as in the male.

Length 1:5 ; of wing, 1°3 mm.

Numerous specimens. May, June. 500-1500 feet.

The variability of this species is somewhat puzzling ;

in some specimens the abdomen is deep violet, in others

the halteres are yellowish-white.

5. Chrysotus niger, n. sp.

Palpi brownish ; eyes not quite contiguous; face and front

opaque black, the latter a little greenish. Dorsum of thorax black,

scarcely greenish. Pleure, abdomen, cox, and femora black, the

cox with brown hairs. Halteres black, the stem brown ; tibiz and

tarsi blackish, sometimes more brownish, in the female yellowish-

brown and the femora brown. Otherwise as the preceding species.

Length 1:3 mm.

Seven males, six females.

328 Professor Aldrich on the

6. Chrysotus hirsutus, n. sp.

¢. Palpi prominent, pale yellow ; eyes contiguous on the face,

leaving a whitish-dusted triangle below the antennz ; front shining

green ; antenne small, black, with apical arista ; cilia of lateral

and inferior orbits white. Dorsum of thorax bright green;

pleurz blackish, with dense whitish dust ; cilia of tegulz brownish-

yellow ; tegule and halteres yellow. Abdomen shining green at

the base, more blackish posteriorly, with black hairs ; hypopygium

concealed, only a small appendage or two, with rather Jong yellow

hairs visible. Fore coxe yellow, dark at base, with a group of

brown bristles near the tip; middle and hind coxe blackish, with

yellow tip. Fore femora, tibiz, and four joints of tarsi yellow,

the last tarsal joint blackened, with enlarged pulvilli ; the fore

femora are a little thickened, and on the underside have a row of

brownish hairs ; the tibiz on the underside have a row of long,

closely-appressed hairs. ‘The middle femora have a row of hairs,

like the front ones ; their tarsi are blackened from the tip of the

first joint, and the pulvilli are small. The hind femora are

thickened, the apical third infuscated. The row of hairs below

ends near the tip, with four er five coarse bristles ; knees yellow ;

hind tibiz yellow with a brown stripe down the whole length of

the outer side, upon which is situated a dense row of bushy brown

hairs ; these hairs continue down the tarsus, becoming smaller

beyond the first joint ; the tarsi are very short and tapering, the

first joint about two-thirds as long as all the rest ; they are gradu-

ally infuscated beyond the first joint. Wings hyaline; fourth

vein a little bent just beyond the posterior cross-vein, ending in

the apex ; the curve before the apex is but little fuller than that

behind it.

@. Face rather broad, white pollinose ; fore coxe with rather

numerous yellowish hairs; femora not perceptibly thickened, these

and the tibiz without rows of hairs; hind femora with two or

three pre-apical bristles, only its tip infuscated. The hind tibize

have several stout bristles, and the metatarsus is scarcely half as

long as the following joints, all of which are plain.

Length 1°6 mm. ; of wing, 1:4 mm.

Numerous males and ‘females. March, May. Sea-

level to 1000 feet.

‘his species will probably form a new genus. I place

it here provisionally, on account of the male eyes.

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 329

7. Chrysotus longipalpus, n. sp.

¢. Palpi pale yellow, toward the tip whiter, almost as long as

the head is high, proportionately rather narrow ; face slender in

the middle, where the eyes almost touch, light dusted on the

triangle below the antennx ; front deep violet, not very shining ;

antennz yellow or brownish-yellow, last joint hairy, with sub-

apical arista ; cilia of inferior orbit pale. Dorsum of thorax green,

moderately shining. Pleurz black, with delicate pale dust. Cilia

of tegule blackish or brownish; halteres yellow. Abdomen bluish-

black, somewhat shining, with black hairs ; hypopygium concealed.

Cox yellow, the middle ones dark at base ; femora and tibie

yellow, in some ill-preserved specimens the hind ones a little

brownish ; the first joint of the fore tarsi is about as long as all

the rest; the second, third, and fourth joints are slightly com-

pressed, from the tip of the first joint all are infuscated. Hind

femora with about three pre-apical bristles in a row, the tibize

rather hairy, and the tarsi infuscated from the tip of the second

joint. Wings hyaline, of the ordinary type, fourth vein ending in

the apex.

¢@. Palpi normal, face violet, like the front ; only the fourth

and fifth joints of the tarsi, with extreme tips of the preceding,

are infuscated.

Length 1 mm. ; of wing, 1 mm.

Nine males, three females. May. 500-1500 feet.

8. Chrysotus picticornis.

Loew, Monoer., ii., 184; Wheeler, Psyche, June, 1890,

p- 308.

Numerous specimens; both sexes. May. Sea-level to

500 feet.

9. Chrysotus acutus, n. sp.

@. Eyes contiguous for a considerable distance on the face ;

palpi dark ; front opaque black ; antennz black, rather large, the

third joint large, with dense brown hair, drawn out in an acute

point, before the tip of which the arista is inserted. Thorax green,

moderately shining, sometimes considerably dulled and more

brownish ; pleure black. Halteres and tegule, with the tegular

cilia, black. Abdomen black; hypopygium concealed. Coxe

brown, the anterior ones with blackish hairs ; femora brown, vary-

ing somewhat in depth of colour the hind ones with a row of four

330 Professor Aldrich on the

or five small pre-apical bristles; tibize yellow, the hind ones a little

darker ; tarsi yellow, fourth and fifth joints of the fore ones black,

the posterior ones gradually infuscated from the tip of the first

joint. On the front side of the fore tibia is a row of small but

distinct white hairs, Wings somewhat infuscated, of the usual

shape, fourth vein ending very slightly before the exact apex.

Length 1:1 mm.; of wing, 1 mm.

Seven males. 500-1000 feet.

10. Chrysotus inermis, n. sp.

¢. Face of moderate width, parallel, blackish-green, but little

dusted ; palpi dark ; front shining green, slightly dusted ; cilia of in-

ferior orbit brownish-yellow ; antenne black, the third joint short, a

little hairy, with apical arista. Dorsum of thorax shining green,

thinly covered with yellow dust ; pleurz black, yellowish dusted ;

cilia of tegule brown, halteres yellow. Abdomen rather dull coppery

colour, verging into blackish, the hairs brownish ; hypopygium

concealed. Coxe yellow, the middle ones black nearly to the

tip, the fore and middle ones with yellow hairs; femora and

tibie yellow ; the middle tibiz with an erect bristle below the

knee, the hind ones with two or three small bristles behind, other-

wise the tibiz are free from bristles except at apex ; tarsi yellow,

only a little infuscated at the extreme tip; fore pulvilli large,

middle ones only a little larger than the hind ones. Wings

yellowish, the fourth vein ending in the apex, posterior cross-

vein short, located before the middle.

¢. Face green, white-dusted; proboscis, cilia of inferior orbit

and those of the tegule paler than in the male; venter slightly

yellowish at base.

Length 1:6-2 mm.; of wing, 1°5-1:8 mm.

Seven males, numerous females. May and July.

500-2000 feet altitude.

The females of this species so closely resemble those

of Diaphorus flavipes, that they can scarcely be

separated, I could find no distinct differences.

11. Chrysotus apicalis, n. sp.

¢&. Front shining green, wide; face of same colour with a

little pollen, narrowed in the middle, owing to an area of enlarged

facets in the eye ; eyes somewhat emarginate at the level of the

antenne ; palpi yellow; antennz black, the first joint bare, this

and the second of ordinary structure; the third joint crescent

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 331

shaped, in its vertical diameter very large, on the apical side near

the middle suddenly drawn out into a long, narrow point; arista

inserted just before, or in some cases almost exactly at, the apex

of the prolongation, moderately long, pubescent ; the whole inner

and lower surface of the third joint is light pilose. Cilia of the

inferior orbit white, a considerable amount of long white hair

behind them. Thorax golden-green on the middle, more or less

covered with pollen, around the margins more pollinose ; acrosti-

chal bristles few, in two rows; the small humeral bristles number

only about half-a-dozen on aside; about the base of each large

bristle is a black dot. Pleurz greenish-black, dusted with white.

Tegule and halteres light yellow, cilia of the former whitish.

Abdomen dark green, more or less thickly dusted, sometimes with

a bronze reflection. Seen from above, the first segment is very

broad with parallel sides; the rest are successively narrower,

rapidly tapering. The green colour ends with the fifth segment,

the following one is black. From the side, the abdomen is slender

the dorsum and venter nearly parallel to the fifth segment. The

following two are somewhat excavated on the under side, but only

the tips of one or two small organs are visible. Coxe black,

about the apex sometimes slightly yellowish. The front and

middle ones with a few black hairs and bristles on the front side ;

hind ones with one lateral bristle. Front and middle femora

yellow, with more or less of a blackish tinge along the upper side.

The middle ones are lighter-coloured than the front ones. Hind

femora wholly greenish-black. All the tibiz-yellow, tarsi-yellow,

gradually infuscated from the tip of the first joint. Pulvilli of

ordinary size. In one single specimen out of fifty examined there

is, on the middle of the lower surface of one of the hind

metatarsi, a slender erect bristle. This is probably abnormal.

Venation normal, the same as figured by Loew for C. obliquus

(Mon., N.A. Dol., Pl. VI., 31).

9. Face rather wide, not narrowed in the middle ; this and the

front often with a steel-blue reflection, somewhat dusted with

white or yellowish. Below the middle of the face the contour is

interrupted by a suture, except in the middle ; below this the face

is more prominent. The oral cavity and the probescis are much

larger than in the male. Palpi large, flat, yellow, sometimes

brownish, with white or yellow pollen. Proboscis projecting

below the head, black. Antenne as in the male, but the third

joint not at all drawn out, simply crescent-shaped, at most a little

triangular. Arista apparently apical. Behind the orbital cilia

but a few hairs. Colour of thorax and abdomen more opaque than

Ban Professor Aldrich on the

in the male. Fore and middle femora yellow, hind ones slightly

yellow at base and tip.

Length 2 mm.; of wing, 1°8 mm.

Numerous specimens. Sea level to 1000 feet. May.

ASYNDETUS.

Loew, Centur., vili., 58, 1869.

1. Asyndetus fratellus, n.sp. (Pl. XII, fig. 114, tip of

wing.)

¢. Green, thickly dusted, not shining except on femora and

slightly on abdomen. Face very broad, the sides parallel, covered

with opaque, whitish dust. Palpi rather large, with black hairs

and whitish-dusted. Front very broad, like the face in colour but

a very little less dusted, showing more of the underlying green.

Antenne black, short, the second and third joint together nearly

circular in outline. Arista dorsal. Orbital cilia black above,

white below. Thorax heavily dusted with brownish, not at all

shining, a single scattering row of very minute acrostichal bristles.

On each side of the broad, median dorsal stripe is an ill-defined,

light-blue dusted stripe, so that the brown colour appears to form

three broad longitudinal bands, the lateral ones so wide as to

extend down over the pleure for some distance, the blue colour

reaches the corners of the scutellum, and the latter is wholly blue,

except a narrow trace of brown along the posterior border. It has

two large bristles. Pleurze brownish above, fading into light blue

below. Tegule yellow, their cilia whitish. Halteres yellow.

Abdomen moderately elongate, tapering, green, but little shining.

Behind each incisure the colour is deep blue and more metallic.

The hair of the abdomen is black, and conspicuously coarse and

long. Hypopygium small, embedded, with four bristles pointing

backward, ‘These are about as long as the fifth segment. Legs

robust, black, bristly, the coxze whitish from the overlying dust,

front and middle ones with numerous bristles on the front side, the

hind one with a single lateral bristle. Femora all somewhat

thickened, dark green rather shining, with rows of moderate

bristles on the under side. These structures are not raptorial,

since they are rather weak and the tibize lack the corresponding

development. Knees narrowly yellow. Tibiz fuscous, the front

ones a very little lighter, simple, with strong bristles. Tarsi

black, simple. Pulvilli of all the feet much elongated, yellow.

Wings slightly greyish, fading into hyaline posteriorly and

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies), 333

apically. The first longitudinal vein ends about one-third of the

way to the apex. Its end isa trifle beyond the large cross-vein.

Second and third veins close together diverging uniformly through

their whole course, the latter ending rather far from the apex.

The costal vein ends with the third longitudinal instead of con-

tinuing to the fourth. The fourth longitudinal vein becomes

gradually weaker beyond the posterior cross-vein for about three-

fifths of its course. It then curves suddenly forward for a short

distance, curves back again into its original direction, and ends in

the apex. The whole portion beyond the first curve is very deli-

cate and transparent, and sometimes the section running forward

is entirely obsolete.

Q. Face scarcely wider than the male. Pulvilli of usual size.

Abdomen even less metallic than in the male, without the terminal

bristles, otherwise appearing much the same. The tibie and tarsi

are sometimes lighter in colour than in the other sex.

Length 2°3 to 2°5 mm. ; of wing, 2 mm.

Eleven males and twenty females. Several specimens

are labelled “ May,” and one “ Seashore.”

This species is closely allied to A. interruptus, Loew,

but the latter is over 5 mm. long. The colour of the

thorax seems by the description to be different also.

LyRONEURUS.

Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatsch., i1., 37, 1857.

1. Lyroneurus simplex, n. sp. (Pl. XIL., fig. 117, wing ¢.)

¢. Front bright bluish-green, brownish-black along the borders ;

face green, brownish dusted, but somewhat silvery pollinose from

above, a very little narrowed in the middle. Palpi yellow, with

long black bristles, proboscis black. Antenne black, very short

the third joint crescent-shaped, hairy, with a long slender sub-

apical arista. Cilia of the inferior orbit and another row behind

them white. Thorax metallic-green brown-dusted. Acrostichal

bristles in a single row. Eight or ten small humeral bristles. <A

brownish-black stripe along the transverse suture, running forward

to the humerus. Just below, a spot is silvery when viewed from

above. Pleurze green, white pollinose, more silvery from above.

Halteres and tegule yellow ; cilia of the latter yellowish. Scu-

tellum with the usual small and large bristles; between the

scutellum and wing is a concave area, black, with a silvery spot.

Abdomen green, considerably dusted, rather elongated, scarcely

tapering. Hypopygium concealed, only a few minute yellow

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parr it. (SEer.) 28

304 Professor Aldrich on the

and black parts visible. A few moderately long bristles at

the end of sixth, as of the other segments. Front coxe green at

base, changing through brown to yellow at the tip, considerably

white pollinose, A row of black bristles at the tip, and a few

fine yellowish hairs on the front side. Middle and hind coxe

blackish, the former has a number of stout bristles on the fore side,

one near the base is more lateral and quite prominent. Hind cox

with a single lateral bristle. Trochanters all yellow. Femora

all dark-green, somewhat shining; the front and middle ones

broadly, the hind ones slightly, yellow at the knee. Tibiz all

yellow, the hind ones a little infuscated at the tip. Front and

middle tarsi elongated, slender, yellow, infuscated from the tip of

first joint; hind ones shorter and thicker, wholly infuscated.

First joint longer than the following one, on its under surface with

a long slender upright bristle. Front pulvilli a little enlarged.

Wings large, wide toward the apex, yellow before the third vein.

The first and second veins are rather far from the costa, and enter

it at a less acute angle than usual. The third vein runs close to

the second to its end, then turns with a strong curve backward,

reaching the margin just before the apex. The last section of the

fourth vein in the shape of a gentle double curve, ending just

behind the apex.

@. Front asin the male. Face rather wide, the suture distinct,

less pollinose than in the male. Hind metatarsus without the

bristle. Wings of the ordinary width, not yellow before the third

vein ; venation exactly like that of Hutarsus aulicus, Meig., in

Loew’s Monograph, pl. vi., 28 c.

Length 3:5-5°5 mm.; of wing, 3-43 mm.

Numerous specimens of both sexes. Sea level to

1500 feet. March and May. One specimen labelled

“Forest by stream.”

The venation of the male varies from that described to

a form like that of the female.

Kurarsus.

Loew, Neue Beitr., v., 1857.

1. Eufarsus sinuatus, n. sp. (Pl. XI., fig. 104, wing.

Pl. XIL., fig. 110, 6 wing; fig. 115, ¢ wing.)

&. Face exceedingly narrow, almost linear; silvery pollinose

on a dark ground colour. Palpi small, yellow. Front narrow, of

same colour as face. Antennz situated high up, the front there-

fore short and the face long. They are very short, the third joint

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 335

especially small, all yellow but the tip of third joint. Arista sub-

apical, brown, the basal joint somewhat incrassated. Cilia of

inferior orbit delicate, of a whitish colour. Dorsum of thorax

yellow in front, the posterior part and scutellum shining light-

green. Acrostichal bristles two-rowed. The green colour extends

forward about to the transverse suture. Farther than this it

extends only in three fading and irregular streaks. Laterally it

does not reach the bases of the wings. Pleurz plain yellow; a

dark spot below and one behind the wing. Cilia of tegule

yellowish. Metanotum yellow. Abdomen blackish, not shining,

more brownish at the base, scarcely tapering. Hypopygium almost

wholly concealed, the length of a few scattered yellowish bristles

along the venter is noticeable. In some specimens not fully

coloured the abdomen is more yellow at base. All the coxe, legs,

and feet light-yellow. Tarsi scarcely at all infuscated. Front

ones very long and the pulvilli much enlarged and elongated.

Hind metatarsus shorter than the following joint, with a minute

bristle below. Front coxe with fine yellow and black hair and

black bristles. Middle cox with numerous bristles as in the pre-

ceding species. Hind coxe with one lateral bristle. Wings

yellow before the third vein. Venation as figured. ‘The second

vein is normal for half its course, then runs farther from the costa,

makes a wide sweep, and joins the costa nearly at a right angle.

The third vein a little wavy before the end of the sesond, beyond

that bent strongly backward. Fourth vein normal, its last section

straight.

¢@. The face moderately narrow, excavated, black with white

pollen. Front somewhat wider, black with less pollen. Palpi

almost concealed, brown. Antenuz scarcely infuscated at the tip,

the arista yellowish. Thorax as in the males. Abdomen yellow,

the posterior margin of each segment shining black. On the

second segment an anterior black crossband, narrow, enlarged in

the middle ; third segment with a wider band, more enlarged ;

fourth segment chiefly black ; fifth with only an indistinct baud of

yellow. Legs and feet as in the male, except that the pulvilli of

the front feet are of the normal size. Wings but slightly yellow.

Veins straight and almost uniformly divergent; only in the

second there is an almost imperceptible trace of two sinuations, at

the places where these occur in the male. This vein ends nearer

the apex than in the male.

Length 2°3-2°6 mm. ; of wing, 3°2 mm.

Numerous males and eight females. 500 to 1500 feet

altitude.

Professor Aldrich on the

(a)

SYMPYCNUS.

Loew, Neue Beitr., v., 1857.

1. Sympycnus falco, n. sp.

@. Face blackish, the eyes nearly or quite contignous about

the middle; front blackish ; antennz black, third joint short,

pointed, with a subapical arista. Cilia of inferior orbit pale. Dor-

sum of thorax green, but little shining; pleure black with

greenish-grey dust ; halteres yellow ; cilia of tegule black, still

rather brown at tips, and the lower two or three hairs yellow.

Abdomen dull green, with blackish hairs; on each side of ‘the

first segment isa row of half-a-dozen long brownish hairs; the

hypopygium projects in a sort of rounded knob behind the

abdomen, its short, stout, brown grasping organs mostly concealed,

and lying in front of the organ proper. Coxe varying from

yellow to brown in different specimens, the middle ones darker

than the others, the front ones with yellow hairs and a few slender

brownish bristles; femora, tibie and tarsi yellow; the fore

femora have a short row of brown bristles on the hind side near

the tip, the fore tibiz on the front side with only delicate irregular

hairs, in part rather long ; the fore tarsi are longer than the tibie,

the last joint rather long with a projection on the under side near

the base ; the inner claw folds back to meet this, thus forming a

clasping organ ; all the tarsi are only gradually infuscated near the

tip. Wings slightly yellow, slender, the pusterior cross-vein before

the middle ; from the cross-vein, the second and fourth veins are

parallel, while the third converges toward the fourth in the latter

part of its course.

@. Face moderately narrow, black, with white pollen ; fore

femora and tarsi plain; venter brownish near the base; lateral

bristles of first abdominal segment shorter.

Length 1-6-2 mm. ; of wing, the same.

Four males, six females. 1000-3000 feet altitude.

2. Sympycnus similis, n. sp.

¢. Differs from the foregoing species chiefly in having on the

front side of the fore tibize a row of four very stiff, stubby bristles

of moderate length. The cox and wings are also a little darker,

and the hypopygium projects a little more behind. Length

1:6 mm.; of wing, 1°7 mm.

One male. 1000 feet altitude.

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 337

Nevurigona.

Rondani, Prod. Dipt. Ital., 142, 1856.

1. Newrigona signifera, n. sp.

g. Face very narrow. Immediately under the antenne is a

triangular portion, yellow. Below this there is only a narrow

groove between the eyes to below the middle, from this point the

face protrudes as a narrow, whitish wedge, slightly wider at the

bottom. Palpi yellow. Proboscis brownish. Front greenish-

brown, a little dusted, converging below. Antenne yellow, third

joint with a short point, arista yellow. Inferior orbital cilia

whitish. Occiput green with white dust. Thorax dark yellow,

glabrous, with black bristles. Acrostichal bristles small, in two

rows. On each side of the acrostichal bristles in front an area of

small bristles, bounded by the humeri and the anterior margin.

The characteristic flat bare disk of the back part of the dorsum is

of a beautiful greenish-blue colour, which extends to the disk of

the scutellum. Sides and border of the scutellum yellow. Two

very large bristles between two very minute ones on the border.

A very large bristle behind the root of the wing. Pleurz deep-

yellow, imperceptibly dusted, a dark spot above the middle coxa.

Tegula, cilia whitish. Abdomen slender, yellow, the segments

beyond the second successively shorter. The second segment

bears near its anterior margin an opaque black band, emarginate

behind in the middle and rounded at each end It is about half

as wide as the segment. The following segments have similar

bands, less emarginate and occupying more of the width of the

segment, to the fifth, which is wholly black across the dorsum ;

like the others it is yellow along the ventral side. Hypopygium

shining black, turned under, club-shaped, not much exserted, the

appendages not distinct. All the cox yellow; front ones long,

with black hairs and mixed brownish and yellowish bristles ;

middle ones with black hairs; hind ones with a single bristle on

the outer side. Legs yellow, simple, the bristles small. Tarsi a

little infuscated toward the tip. Wings a little yellowish, fourth

vein in its last segment only very gently curved, almost perfectly

parallel with the third.

@. Face narrow, strongly protruding below, yellow, and

yellow pollinose. Palpi larger than in the male. Third joint of

antenne small, exceedingly short, almost kidney-shaped.

Length 3°5 mm.; of wing, 3-4 mm.

Seashore to 1500 feet altitude. Two males and two

females.

338 Professor Aldrich on the

CeLoGLuTts,* n. g.

9. First joint of antenne bare, the second short, with a pro-

longation along the inner side of the third ; the latter somewhat

crescent or kidney-shaped, with a subdorsal arista. Face narrow,

more so a little below the antenne. Ocellar tubercle distinct, the

ocellar and lateral bristles strong. Thorax elongated, the wings

attached far behind the middle. Acrostichal bristles in two rows.

Small humeral bristles covering an area of half the length and

almost all the width of the dorsum, comparatively large. <A large

concave surface begins at the middle of the dorsum and extends to

the scutellum including half the width. Seutellum with only two

bristles. Latero-dorsal thoracic bristles large. Fore and middle

coxz with considerable hair on the front side, hind coxa witha

single lateral bristle. Hind metatarsus half the length of the

following joint. Wings hyaline the apex a little pointed. After

the anterior cross-vein, the fourth vein runs somewhat backward,

diverging but little from the fifth, to the posterior cross-vein ;

thence it runs in a direct line toward a point a little before the

apex, near the margin it curves gently backward again, and ends

in the apex. Posterior cross-vein short, four times its length from

the margin. Sixth vein perceptible.

1, Ceeloglutus concavus, n. sp. (PI. XI., fig. 105, wing.)

¢. Face white-pollinose, front more thinly so, showing a little

green. Antenne yellow, except the third joint which is brownish,

the inner side of the second is as long as the first joint, the ocellar

bristles are long, and curve back more abruptly than usual. Cilia

of inferior orbit white. Proboscis rather prominent, brown, the

palpi yellow. Dorsum of thorax violet-green, the concavity more

pure green. Pleurv likewise violet-green, whitish-dusted. Halteres,

tegule and tegular cilia yellow. Above the root of the fore

coxa are two white bristles. Abdomen rather broad and

flattened, blackish-green with black hairs and, especially on the

sides, some white ones; the ovipositor is black. Fore coxze yellow,

elongated, with a groove on the outer side; the fore side has

numerous black hairs but no bristles. Middle and hind cox close

against each other, rather distant from the front ones; the middle

ones are blackish with yellow tip, hairy in front; the hind ones

yellow a little darker at base, with a whitish lateral bristle.

Femora and tibize yellow, the extreme tips of middle and hind

tibizw blackish. farsi infuscated from the tip of first joint, the

front ones less so. Wings a little greyish, with yellow veins as

figured. Length 2:2 mm.; of wing, 2°1 mm.

A single female.

goiAas, CONCAVE ; yAouTos, rump.

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies). 339

ACHALCUS.

Loew, Neue Beitr., v., 1857.

1. Achaleus sordidus, n. sp. (PI. XI, figs. 107, wing of ¢;

107a, wing of @.)

Minute, blackish, non-metallic, the male with an opaque brown

or yellow spot in the first posterior cell.

3. Face narrow, more so in the middle, where the eyes are

almost contiguous. Antenne short, third joint a little pointed,

with an apical, or perhaps subapical, arista. Front wide. Thorax

and abdomen blackish, non-metallic. Hypopygium concealed, but

rather large, hence the abdomen scarcely tapering. Legs dull

brown or yellowish, variable according to the age of specimen

when captured. Wings slightly brownish, slender; sixth vein

wanting, first very short, ending but little beyond the fork of the

second and third ; third ending a little before the apex ; fourth

sinuous, as figured, along its front side, near the end, a large

yellow or brown opaque spot. The hind margin sinuous, and

fringed with delicate hair. Acrostichal bristles in two rows.

?. Face wider, not narrowed ; antennz a little shorter, vena-

tion simple,

Length 0:7 mm.

Two males and four females. Altitude 500-1000 feet.

The specimens are so badly shrivelled that a complete

description is impossible. The size, colour, and especi-

ally the venation, are sufficient to distinguish the species.

XANTHOTRICHA, n. g.*

Small species, with yellow or brownish bristles and hair ; legs

yellow ; face in male rather narrow ; antenne small, the first and

second joints united to form a sort of cup, in which the third is

inserted, like an acorn; first antennal joint bare above ; arista

apical or subapical ; hypopygium exserted, small or large ; dorsum

of thorax convex behind ; hind metatarsus short ; acrostichal

bristles two-rowed. First longitudinal vein very short, sixth

wanting ; fourth vein straight beyond cross-vein.

1. Xanthotricha cupulifera, n. sp. (PI. XI., figs. 106,

wing ; 106a, hypopygium.)

Metallic-green, legs and all the bristles yellow.

¢. Face narrow, wider above, in a certain reflection violet,

without dust ; front wide, rather short, violet, proboscis and palpi

* Eavéés, yellow ; te xos, hair,

340 Professor Aldrich on the

yellow ; antenne pure yellow, with long brownish arista ; cilia of

inferior orbit yellow. Thorax shining green, somewhat bluish,

decidedly globose above on the anterior part. Scutellum short

and wide, crescent-shaped, with one pair of bristles (the outer pair

are microscopic). Pleurz black, the posterior margin, tegule, and

halteres light yellow ; cilia of tegulea yellow. Abdomen shining

bluish green, the venter yellow, sixth segment wholly yellow.

First joint of hypopygium yellow, small, lying along the basal

and dorsal (outer) surface of the second; the latter brown,

elongated, tapering, at its apex with a pair of minute, delicate

yellow lamelle, fringed with lght yellow hairs. The interior

organs, arising from the basal portion, are three in number—a

long, straight, sharp, yellow central one (penis ?), and two slender

bare yellow filaments ; the former is about as long as the hypopy-

gium itself, the latter are much longer, somewhat crooked in the

described specimen. Coxze and all the legs pure light yellow,

almost destitute of bristles. Wings hyaline, the veins yellow.

¢. Somewhat smaller, otherwise not materially different.

Length 1°2-1°5 mm.

One male, numerous females. May, March. Two

other males, more shrivelled and discoloured, are con-

siderably darker than the perfect specimen here

described.

2. Xanthotricha minor, un. sp.

Resembles the preceding, except in the following respects :

The general colour is somewhat darker, the venter and sixth seg-

ment not yellow, male hypopygium blackish, the delicate parts

shrunken and difficult to make out, but apparently without the

long filaments so characteristic of the preceding ; pleurz wholly

bluish black ; the posterior cross-vein is shorter, in consequence of

the fact that the fourth vein bends back to meet it, forming a

distinct angle at this point. The last character is sufficient to

separate the two species. Length 1-2 mm.

One male, two females. 500 feet.

3. Xanthotricha singularis, n. sp.

Still a third species of this minute genus differs from the first

in its extremely small size, in its colour, which is in general the

same as the second, and in the singular structure of the male

hypopygium. This bears a close resemblance to the ovipositor of

a female, extended to its full length and bent under the abdomen.

Only by using a power of several hundred diameters could I

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies). 341

ascertain that this structure really belonged to a male instead of a

female. The females of the species, however, do not have such

extended ovipositors; so the resemblance is rather to what one

might suppose the female to be than to the female itself. This

hypopygium is black, minutely yellow at tip. The wings of this

species resemble those of the first, but are a little more rounded.

Length 1 mm.

Six males, three females. May. 500 feet.

GNAMPTOPSILOPUS.

Aldrich, Kans. Univ. Quart., 1893.

1. Gnamptopsilopus bicolor.

Loew, Neue Beitr., vii., 96; Monogr., ii, 280

(Psilopus).

A single female. May.

“9

Gnamptopsilopus flavidus, n. sp. (Pl. XIL, fig. 109, wing.)

Slender, yellow, a broad stripe on the thorax, all the scutellum,

and the hind margins of the abdominal segments bright-green.

Cilia of tegulee yellow.

é. Face bright-green with thin white dust. Palpi and

proboscis yellow. Front bright-green. Antenne yellow, very

small, arista dorsal. Thorax yellow, the scutellum violet, a green

stripe upon the dorsum of the thorax is as wide as the scutellum

behind and tapers in front to a rounded point at the margin.

Metanotum yellow. Scutellum with only one pair of large bristles,

the outer pair being very small, Abdomen yellow, the first segment

above with a very narrow green border behind ; the following

three segments almost half green ; the fifth a little more than half,

and the sixth entirely, green. Venter wholly yellow ; near the

hind margin of each segment are placed several large bristles.

Hypopygium embedded, yellow; only two small yellow, hairy,

palpus-like organs are visible. Feet wholly yellow, the tarsi only

moderately infuscated. Fore cox on the front side with a single

longitudinal row of minute black hairs, and about three bristles at

the end. Front femora near the base with six short thorn-like

bristles. Front tarsi nearly three times the length of the tibie.

Middle tibiz and metatarsi with two rows of close short cilia, one

on the front and one on the upper side; as these cilia project in

nearly the same direction, the effect is like a single somewhat

tangled row. Hind tarsi as long as the tibie. All the legs are

342 Professor Aldrich on the

destitute of large bristles. Wings slender, hyaline. Costa

noticeably ciliated along the middle, in the neighbourhood of the

first vein. Third vein at its tip recurved forward. Posterior

cross-vein oblique, less than half its length from the border. Fork

of fourth vein making scarcely a right angle at its origin.

@. Thorns of the fore femora larger. Middle tibiz and tarsi

simple. Abdomen, except the first segment, with more green on the

dorsum, and shorter than in the male.

Length 45 mm. ; of wing, the same.

Sea level to 500 feet. Six males and eight females.

3. Gnamptopsilopus flavicornis, n. sp.

Q. Small, bright green, base of abdomen yellow, antenne,

yellow, the third joint sometimes brownish, arista dorsal or sub-

dorsal. Face moderately narrow for the genus, blue or green,

white-dusted. Front shining green, excavated, dusted below.

Antenne yellow, the third joint sometimes brownish ; the arista

dorsal or subdorsal. Thorax bright green. Scutellum with two

large bristles, the outer pair minute, oppressed, or absent.

Pleurz green, white pollinose, the posterior border yellow.

Tegulz and halteres yellow. Abdomen green, the venter dorsum

of first and proximal half of second segment yellow. Still in some

cases the posterior margin of the first segment green. On the

lateral angle of the first segment one or two Jong black bristles.

Remainder of abdomen with small sparse black hair. Legs in-

cluding cox, yellow, the tarsislightly infuscated. Fore cox with

three yellow bristles, hind with one. Fore metatarsus scarcely

shorter than tibia, middle one but little shorter, whole hind tarsus

four-fifths the length of its tibia. The legs have no bristles of

any size; at the tipsof the middle and hind tibiz, and on the fore

side of the same near the base are very small ones. Wings

hyaline, the veins yellow; third vein recurved at tip, branch of

fourth vein making a right angle at its origin. Posterior cross-

vein oblique, two-thirds its length from the margin. Length

1-8 mm. ; of wing, 2 mm.

Three females. One specimen has the third joint of

the antenne brownish-black, and the outer pair of

scutellar bristles visible though minute, the other two

have the autenne wholly yellow, and no second pair of

bristles whatever. This does not seem to indicate a

specific difference.

Dolithopodidz of St. Vincent (West Indies). 343

PsILorus.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., vi., 1824.

1. Psilopus chrysoprasius.

Walker, List, &c., iii.,646 ; Loew, Neue Beit., vii., 90;

Monogr., 11., 266,

Numerous specimens. Sea level to 500 feet. May.

2. Psilopus caudatulus.

Loew, Neue Beitr., viii., 93; Monogr., u., 271.

Four males, two females. May.

3. Psilopus bellulus, n. sp.

Shining dark green, cilia of tegule black ; wings with a dark

spot along the apical part of the front side.

&. Face bright-green slightly white-dusted, with a deep

transverse impression below the middle, bare. Paipi black ;

proboscis brown. Front shining green with sparse and very

delicate white hairs, especially towards the sides. Antenne black ;

small, the arista dorsal not long. Thorax shining green with erect

and rather long bristles. Scutellum with four bristles. Pleura

green, white-dusted. Tegule and their cilia black; halteres

fuscous with a yellow knob. Abdomen shining green, somewhat

coppery, with a broad black band across each incisure ; on each

side of the first segment a tuft of white hair, and a few more

white hairs on the ventral surface, except these, the hair and

bristles of the abdomen are all black. Bristles before the incisures

rather long and erect. Hypopygium black, the lamellz whitish or

greyish. Cox, femora and hind tarsi including the extreme tips

of the hind tibiv, black. Tibiz yellow. Fore and middle tarsi a

little infuscated toward. the tip; still the fourth joint of the

middle tarsus is covered with white hair, and hence almost white in

colour. Fore coxee with white hairs and two black bristles. All

the femora with white cilia below, longest on the front ones

near the base. Front tibize on the upper side with a row of four

successively longer bristles, the last conspicuously long and two-

thirds of the way to the end. Bristles of the other tibiz incon-

spicuous, the hind tibiz rather hairy. Tarsi simple, the hind ones

shorter than their tibiz. Wings with an indistinct brown cloud

along the front margin beginning beyond the end of the first vein

and continuing to that of the second, reaching into the first posterior

344. Professor Aldrich on the

cell behind. The branch of. the fourth vein makes an acute angle

at its origin ; third vein not recurved forward at its tip. Posterior

cross-vein a little oblique, somewhat bicurved, less than half its

length from the margin,

2. Front scarcely ciliated, black bands of abdomen slightly

wider ; bristles of body shorter ; those of fore tibize the same as

in the male. The middle tibie also have large bristles, arranged

on the same plan. Fourth joint of middle tarsus black ; fore and

middle tarsi rather darker than in the male.

Length 4 mm. ; of wing, the same.

Altitude 500 feet. May. Four males and six females.

In immature specimens the wings are hyaline.

4. Psilopus insularis, n. sp.

Wings hyaline, tegular cilia black, legs including fore cox

yellow, middle metatarsus of male ciliated.

6. Face wide bluish-green with silvery pollen. Palpi black,

with black hairs; proboscis yellow. Front wide and deeply

excavated, bright blue or green. Antenne black, the third joint

rather long, rounded at the end. Arista dorsal, slender, rather

long. In less mature specimens the third antennal joint is more

or less shrivelled. Thorax bright blue-green, scutellum more violet.

From above the root of the wing a distinct black stripe reaches

the humerus, becoming attenuated anteriorly. Pleure green,

white-dusted. Tegule and their cilia black. Halteres yellow.

Bristles of moderate size, four large ones on the scutellum.

Abdomen metallic-blue and green, with black bands nearly half the

width of the segments. Hypopygium black, small, at the tip with

a pair of small forcep-like organs of sordid grey colour. Bristles

and hair of abdomen rather long, black, at the sides basally the

hair is white. Legs wholly yellow, the tarsi but little darker,

Front cox yellow with fine yellowish hair, and near the end two

black bristles. Middle and hind cox black; the former with

white hairs and one or two black bristles, the latter on the outside

with a single black bristle and a few white hairs. Front and

middle metatarsi longer than their tibixe, the middle one with a

dense row of short, blunt, slightly curved cilia on the upper edge.

On the front side is a row of five er six small erect bristles.

Hind tibiz unusually hairy. This peculiarity extends over the

metatarsus and decreases on the following joints. Wings hyaline ;

posterior cross-vein straight, not very oblique, distant two-thirds

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies). 345

its length from the margin. The anterior branch of fourth vein

makes an acute angle at its origin. Third vein not recurved

forward at its tip.

¢ Colour less inclined to blue and violet; third joint of

antenne short: bristles shorter; black bands of abdomen nar-

rower, comprising about one-third the segment. Middle meta-

tarsi not ciliated ; hind tibiz and tarsi only a little hairy.

Length 4-5 mm.; of wing, the same.

Sea-level to 1000 feet. Nine males and numerous

females.

LEPTORHETHUM.

Aldrich, Kans. Univ. Quart., July, 1893.

1. Leptorhethum angustatum. (Pl. XIL, fig. 108, wing

of 3.)

Aldrich, 1. ¢.

d. Small, green, legs yellow, abdomen yellow with green spots

above, wings narrowed at base, cilia of tegule yellow. Face narrow,

wider above and below (the eyes almost contiguous in the middle),

white pollinose, showing a little of the green ground colour below

theantenne. Antenne small, yellow, arista dorsal. Front bright-

green, not excavated (this may be owing to a little extent to the

shrivelled condition of the eyes in my only specimen), the lateral

bristles small. Proboscis and palpi yellow. Thorax bright-green,

the bristles mostly small. Pleurz green, white pollinose, the hind

margin yellow, halteres, tegule and their cilia yellow. Abdomen

yellow ; dorsum of first segment green except a line in front ;

second segment green on the last two-thirds above ; third segment

scarcely half green above, the colour not reaching the sides; fourth

segment with only a small spot of green; fifth and sixth except

the base and venter of the former, wholly green ; hypopygium

small, blackish, embedded, the small whitish lamellz protruding.

Legs, including cox, yellow ; tarsi but little infuscated ; front

cox long, almost entirely bare ; front metatarsi longer than the

tibia. Middle tibiz rather stout, above the middle on the fore

side with a rather prominent bristle. Metatarsi longer, on the

hind side with a very sparse row of small bristles, more dense near

the end, where they are quite brush-like. The following joints

simple, but oddly drawn up in my specimen. No noticeable

bristles on fore or hind legs. Wings hyaline, third vein recurved,

as figured, Length 2 mm.; of wing, 2°2 mm.

May. A single male.

346 Professor Williston on the

SYRPHIDAL.*

MERoMACRUS.

Rondani, Esam. di var. sp. Ins. Bras., 10, 1848.

1. Meromacrus pratorwm.

Syrphus pratorum, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., 765; Ent.

Syst., iv., 286.

Eristalis pratorum, Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 236;

Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., 11., 166.

Pteroptila pratorum, Osten Sacken, Catalogue, 113 ;

Williston, Synopsis, 183.

Twelve specimens. Wiedemann’s description applies

well, save that it is not stated that the sutural thoracic

band is interrupted. The species will be distinguished

from M. ruficrus by the separated spots at the base of

the abdomen; from all the other known species by the

entirely yellowish red legs.

EristaLis.

Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et Ins., xiv., 363, 1804.

1. Hristalis vinetorwm.

Syrphus vinetorum, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl., 562.

Eristalis vinetoruwm, Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 235;

Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., ii., 163; Macquart,

Dipt. Exot., i., 2, 42; Williston, Synopsis North

Amer. Syrphide, 171, pl. vii., fig. 8 ; Trans. Amer.

Ent. Soc., xv., 280; Biologia Centr.-Amer. Dipt.,

i., 63; F. Lynch, A. Dipt. Argentina, Syrphide,

116; Giglio-Tos, Dit. Messic., ii., 7.

Eristalis trifasciatus, Say, J. Acad. Sci. Phil., vi.,

165 ; Compl. Wr., 11., 359.

Eristalis uvarum, Walker, List, iii., 623.

Hab. North, Central and South America, and the

West Indies.

* By S. W. Williston.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 347

VOLUCELLA.

1. Volucella obesa.

Syrphus obesus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., 763. (For

synonymy, see Williston, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Dipt.,

i., 50

Six typical specimens of this cosmopolitan insect are

in the collection.

Volucella, sp. n.?

Three specimens belonging to the difficult group of

pallens, vesiculosa, ete. I cannot find any description

that will apply well to the specimens. They differ from

V. pallens, Wied., in the presence of a median and two

lateral facial stripes, in the hair of the mesonotum being

for the most part black, and in the presence of a large

black spot on the scutellum. From both V. vaga, Wied.,

and V. hyaloptera, Giglio-Tos, the facial stripe will dis-

tinguish the species, as well as other characters.

BaccHa.

Fabricius, Syst. Ant]., 199, 1805.

1. Baccha clavata.

Syrphus clavatus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv., 296.

Baccha clavata, Fabricius, Syst. Antl. 200 ; Wiedemann,

Auss. Zw. Ins., 11., 94; Schiner, Nov. Exped., 341 ;

Wulp, Tijdschr., v., Ent., xxvi., 10; Roeder, Stett.

Ent. Zeit. 1885, 842; Williston, Trans. Amer.

Ent. Soc., xv., 270; Biol. Centr.-Amer. Dipt., iii.,

333; Giglio-Tos, Ditt. del Messic., 1., 57; Austen,

Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, 159; Hunter, Can.

Bint. xx Vill, 96:

Baccha bubista, Walker, List, 11., 549; Williston,

Synopsis N. A. Syrpb. 117, pl. iv., fig. 9 (Willis-

ton, Austen).

Baccha varia, Walker, List., i1., 549 (Austen).

Paragus scutellatus, Walker, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.,

xvii., 342 (Austen).

Baccha facialis, Thomson, Eugenies Resa, 504 (Willis-

ton).

Spazigaster bacchoides, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1883,

326 (Williston).

348 Professor Williston on the

Numerous specimens. The most northern habitat so

far given for this species is Nebraska, by Hunter; the

most southern one, Buenos Aires, by Lynch (Dipt.

Argentina, Syrphidz, 47). It is probably at home in all

the intervening regions, as well as the adjoining islands.

OcyeTaMUs.

1. Ocyptamus dimidiatus.

Syrphus dimidiatus, Fabricius, Spec. Ins., i, 434;

Ent. Syst., 310; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins, ii.,

140,

Scaeva dimidiata, Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 254.

Chetlosia dimidiata, Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 11., 2, 105,

Pipiza dolosa, Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. New Ser., iv.,

156 (Austen).

Pipiza divisa, Walker, I. c. (Austen).

Ocyptamus dimidiatus, Schiner, Nov. Exped., 346;

Wulp, Tijdschr., v., Ent. xxvi., 10; Williston, Biol.

Centr.-Amer. Dipt., i1., 30; Giglio-Tos, Ditt. del

Messic., i1., 53; Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,

18938, 134.

Baccha dimidiata, Williston, Synopsis N. A. Syrphidee,

120, pl. v., fig. 10.

Hab, Central and South America, and the West Indies.

ALLOGRAPTA.

Osten Sacken, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sc., iii., 49, 1876.

1. Allograpta exotica.

Allograpta exotica, Wulp (nec Wiedemann), Tijdschr.,

v., Ent., xxvi., 2, pl. 1., fig. 2, Guadeloupe.

A single female specimen, agreeing fully with the

description of what Wulp thought was Weidemann’s

Syrphus exoticus. In the Biologia Centr.-Amer. I con-

sidered Wulp’s species doubtfully identical with A. fracta,

O. 8. Osten Sacken’s species, however, does not have

the scutellum broadly black, as did the specimens Wulp

described, and as does the specimen from St. Vincent

now before me. Wiedemann does not mention the spot

on the scutellum, and I doubt very much that it was pre-

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 349

sent in his specimen, as he could hardly have failed to

mention it, so conspicuous isit. If his “ schwarzlich

Erzfarbe”? means bright metallic green, or green-black,

then there can be but little doubt that Osten Sacken’s

A. fracta is the same as A. exotica. In the work cited I

mentioned a species from Mexico having an opaque,

dark green mesonotum, which I thought might be the

true A. ewotica. Lynch is wrong in uniting it with the

species having a shining mesonotum.

MusoGRaMMA.

Loew, Centur., ii., 290, 1872.

I have refrained from naming any of the numerous

species (with one exception) that have been described

from North and South America, in this genus, convinced,

as I am, that their great variability will require a thorough

monographic treatment, with abundant material, to

certainly distinguish them. Many of the species are very

abundant in warm, sunny places.

1. Mesogramma basilare, var. ?

Syrphus basilaris, Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., u., 43.

Mesogramma soror, Schiner, Nov. Exped., 350.

Mesograpta basilaris,Wulp, Tijdschr., v., Ent., xxxvi.,

40, pl. i., fig. 8.

Mesogramma ——?, Williston, Biol. Centr.-Amer.

Dipt., ii., 25.

Mesogramma basilare, Giglio-Tos, Ditt. del Messic.,

i, 45.

Hab. Mexico, Brazil, Argentine Republic.

Ten specimens, labelled “ Fitzhugh Valley, 500 feet,

Cacao orchard.”?’ They differ very materially from the

typical forms, but I believe that they represent a variety

only. The female described by me in the work above

cited certainly belongs with the males, though Giglio-

Tos thinks that they differ too much to belong with them.

The scutellum in these specimens has a narrow yellow

border, and the abdomen is wholly red and yellow, the

first segment alone excepted. ‘There is a narrow, black-

ish, pre-apical rmg on the hind femora, and the hind

metatarsi are brownish ; otherwise the legs are wholly

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—PpartT 111. (sEPT.) 24

350 Professor Williston on the

yellow. The female has a broad median black stripe on

the face, and the abdomen has obscure blackish markings,

in the shape of two slender, approximated, median stripes ;

the hind margin of the segments is brownish,

2. Mesogramma. laciniosa.

Mesogramma laciniosa, Loew, Centur., vi., 50.—Cnba.

Several female specimens I refer doubtfully to this

species. ‘The third and fourth abdominal segments have

each two oval, oblique, black spots, and the posterior

bands with a geminate, anteriorly dilated, slender pro-

longation in the middle, their anterior margin on each

side concave; the fifth sezment has three anterior, oval,

black spots.

3. Mesogramma bosci,

Syrphus boset, Macquart, Dipt. Exot., u1., 2, pl. xvii.,

fig. 2.

Syrphus gurges, Walker, Dipt. Saund., 236 (Osten

Sacken).

Hab. Carclina, Alabama, Florida.

Several female specimens that agree with the descrip-

tion, save that the second abdominal segment is black,

with a median, interrupted, yellow stripe. Mr. Hunter

thinks that this species is identical with M. parvula,

Loew, and he may be right.

4, Mesogramina, sp.

3, @. Face yellow. Antenne reddish yellow. Frontal tri-

angle and the lateral margin of the female front yellow ; vertical

triangle black. Mesonotum with an entire yellow, lateral stripe.

Scutellum black, with a yellow border. First two abdominal seg-

ments black, the first with the anterior angles, the second with a

broad median, band yellow ; third and fourth segments each with

a quadrangular spot posteriorly on each side, and a small spot on

the front margin, together with a median, partly obsolete, geminate

stripe. Fifth segment with three spots. Legs yellow; hind

femora with a broad black ring; hind tibiz and tarsi brown; middle

femora with a partly obsolete spot on the upper side distally.

Length, 7-8 mm.

Sixteen specimens. The hind femora are a little stouter

than usual.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 351

PIPUNCULIDA.

PIeuNCULUS.

Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et Ins., xiv., 1804.

1. Pipunculus aculeatus, (Pl. XIL., figs. 87, wing ;

87a, antenna.)

Pipunculus aculeatus, Williston, Biol. Cent.-Amer.

Dipt., 11., 88.—Mexico.

Five specimens. Agreeing quite with the description.

I am not able to compare the type specimen, but I believe

the determination is pretty certain. In most of the

specimens, the middle of the hind femora is brown.

2, Pipunculus politus, n. sp. (Pl. XI., fig. 88, wing.)

&, @. Small cross-vein situated at or beyond the tip of the

first longitudinal vein; penultimate section of the fourth vein

scarcely longer than the antepenultimate section ; abdomen wholly

shining. Length 4 mm.

Face and front black, silvery pubescent. Antenne black, the

third joint more or less yellowish at the tip, less produced than in

P. aculeatus. Mesonotum shining, scarcely pollinose. Abdomen

wholly shining black. Legs black ; the extreme tip of the femora,

the base of the tibiz, and the first three or four joints of the tarsi

yellow. Femora stout, without distinct spines on the underside.

Wings hyaline ; no stigmatic spot ; small cross-vein opposite or a

little before the middle of the discal cell ; second longitudinal vein

short.

Five specimens. In one of the specimens the small

cross-vein is distinctly before the middle of the discal

cell, and opposite the termination of the first vein.

TACHINIDA.

CISTOGASTER.

Latreille, Cuvier’s Regne Anim., v., 1829.

1, Cistogaster insularis, n. sp.

6,¢. First three segments of the abdomen shining; first

posterior cell petiolate. Length 5-6 mm.

¢. Front at the vertex about as wide as the length of the

antenne ; bright golden yellow, with an opaque median black

stripe. Antenne black, the third joint at the base red, the second

352 Professor Williston on the

joint also, more or less reddish ; third joint a half longer than the

second. Face ashy grey, somewhat yellowish in the middle below ;

a slender black line on either side running from the root of the

antenne. Palpireddish yellow. Dorsum of thorax opaque golden

yellow, with two median slender stripes, and a lateral, broader

one, anteriorly abbreviated, black. Abdomen wholly reddish-

yellow, with black hairs ; fourth segment and the third, save an

interrupted band, light golden opaque-yellow. Tegule light yellow.

Legs black. Wings uniformly subhyaline ; first posterior cell

closed at some distance from the margin.

Q. Sides of front and the face silvery grey, a little yellowish

near the vertex. Mesonotum densely yellowish grey pollinose,

with two median brown lines and a broad, shining, black stripe on

each side. Abdomen shining black, the third and fourth segments

opaque greyish white, save a posterior interrupted band on the

third, and two small spots on the fourth. Tegule white.

Six males and two females. The species closely

resembles some of the varieties of C. occidua, Walker,

but seems sufficiently distinct in the pollinose markings

of the abdomen and the petiolate first posterior cell,

which is closed at some distance from the margin.

TRICHOPODA.

Latreille, in Cuvier’s Regne Animal., v., 512, 1829.

1. Trichopoda pennipes. (Pl. XI., fig. 100, wing.)

Musca pennipes, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv., 348.

Dictya pennipes, Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 327.

Trichopoda pennipes, Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., 1.,

274; Desvoidy, Myodaires, 288 ; ; Wulp, Tijdschr.

V5 Ent., xxvi., 15 ; Biol. Centr. -Amer. Dip ts Anes

Brauer and Berg. ., Muse. Selizctad9:

Phasia jugatoria, Say, Compl. Wr., He 64.

Hab. United States; West Indies; Central and South

America.

Five specimens.

ELACHIPALPUS.

Rondani, Esap. Ditt., Ann. di Bologna, 1850.

1. Elachipalpus macrocerus. (Pl. XL, fig. 99, wing.)

Tachina macrocera, Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., 11., 290.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 309

Cuphocera macrocera, Schiner, Nov. Exped., 330;

v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr., v., Hnt., xxvi., 22.

Elachipalpus macrocerus, Brauer and Berg., Musc.

Schizometopa, 11., 102.

Hab. Brazil.

Five specimens, agreeing with others from Brazil m

my collection.

JURINIA.

Rob. Desvoidy, Myodaires, 34, 1830.

1. Jurinia, sp. (Pl. XI., fig. 88a, antenna.)

$,9.- In structure and size almost identical with J. apicifera,

Walk. Front shining black, through the rather thin pollen.

Mesonotum shining green-black, very thinly pollinose. Tegule

deep brown. Abdomen deep blue-black throughout. Otherwise

as in J. apicifera.

This species is different from any that I know, either

from North or South America, and may be new. Still,

the wide distribution of the species of this genus renders

it probable that it has been described from other regions

in America.

2. Jurinia apicifera. (Pl. XI., fig. 89, antenna.)

Jurinia apicifera, Walker, List, iv., 720; Williston,

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xiii., 300; Townsend,

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xix., 90, xxil., 70; Calif.

Acad. Sci., iv., 618.

Hab. United States; Canada; San Domingo;

Mexico.

Numerous specimens which agree quite with others

from various localities in the United States, Canada, and

San Domingo.

Gonta.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., u., 1803.

1. Gonta pallens. (Pl. XI., fig. 90, antenna of ¢.)

Gonta pallens, Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., 11, 346 ;

Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 1., 3, 50; EH. Lynch, A.,

An. Soc. Cient. “Ane isay op. vau.;-¥. d. Walp;

Tijdschr. voor Ent., xxvi., 23; Biologia Cent.-

Amer. Dipt., 11.,39; Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent.

Soc., xix., 95.

354 Professor Williston on the

Gonia chilensis, Macquart, Dipt. Exot., i., 3, 51, pl. v.,

fig. 4; Blanchard, Gay’s Hist. Fis. y. Pol. de

Chile, vii., 422, pl. iv., fig. 20; Roeder, Stett. Ent.

Zeit., 1885, 345.

Gonia angusta, Macquart, Dipt. Exot., u., 3, 51, pl. 5,

fig. 5; Walker, List, iv., 798.

Gonia lineata, Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. iv., 178.

Hab. South America; Mexico; West Indies.

One specimen, which with much probability is con-

specific with those from Cuba, referred to G. chilensis,

by Macquart. That the species is the same as G. pallens

is, to me, somewhat doubtful. It therefore seems worth

while to give a better description of our specimen.

&. Claws small: sides of the face with bristles ; third joint of

the antennz seven or eight times as long as the second joint. Front

and face light yellow, silvery white pollinose, the sides of the

front subtranslucent, as though oiled; sides of the face with

sparse, short, black bristles. Cheeks bare. Antenne black.

Median depression of the face wider than the sides; no bristles on

its ridges. Dorsum of thorax grey pollinose, somewhat shining.

Scutellum largely yellow. Abdomen narrow; yellowish red ; first

segment under the scutellum, second and third with a slender

median stripe, and the posterior part of the fourth black ; pollen

inconspicuous, except posteriorly. Tegule white. Wings sub-

hyaline ; the costal, subcostal, and marginal cells markedly yellow ;

veins elsewhere narrowly clouded with the same yellow colour or

a dark brown. Claws and pulvilli small, not as long as the last

joint of the tarsi. Length 11 mm.

PHOROCERA.

Rob. Desvoidy, Myodaires, 131, 1830.

1. Phorocera (Prospherysa?) puer, n. sp. (Pl. XL,

tig. Y1, head of ¢.)

g. Eyes very sparsely pilose, the scattered hairs visible only

under careful examination. Front about as wide as the eye, the

lateral, silver-grey margins narrower than the broad, brownish-red,

median stripe ; the frontal bristles reach nearly to the base of the

third antennal joint. First and second joints of the antenne red ;

third joint black, four or five times as long as the second. Face

and cheeks silver-grey, the lower part of the face and the cheeks

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 355

yellowish in ground colour. Mesonotum thickly grey pollinose,

with five black stripes, the lateral ones interrupted. Abdomen

flattened ovate ; shining black, with the anterior part of the

second and third segments opaque grey; first segment without

median bristles ; second segment with a pair of marginal ones ;

third segment with a posterior row ; fourth segment bristly on the

posterior half. Legs black; claws elongate. Calyptre white.

Wings cinereous hyaline. Length 44 mm.

One specimen. Prospherysa seems to differ from

Phorocera only in the bare eyes, and the eyes of this

specimen are, practically bare, so that it is a question

whether or not this species should not be located in

that genus. The cross-veins on the outer side of the

wing are more than usually oblique, still hardly as much

so as in Plagiau. The genus Plagioprospherysa, 'Towns.,

which is synonymous with Prosopodes, B. and B., was

based upon this character alone, and is to me hardly

entitled to acceptance.

EXorIstTa.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., i1., 1803.

1. Exorista nobilis, n. sp. (Pl. XI, fig. 92, head of ¢.)

¢. Front somewhat prominent, only a little narrowed behind ;

above, equal to about one-fourth of the width of the head ; light

golden-yellow in colour, with an opaque black stripe, which is

narrowed above; vertical bristles strong ; ocellar bristles small,

proclinate ; the single row of frontal bristles descends nearly to the

base of the third antennal joint; the sides have only a few short

weak hairs. Sides of the face yellow above, silvery below ; in

width not equal to one-third of that of the median depression ;

four or five bristles on the vibrissal ridges, extending, in some cases,

nearly to the middle of the face ; median depression silvery-white.

Cheeks narrow, bare, silvery. Proboscis black ; palpi and labella

yellow. Antenne nearly black, the first two joints and the base

of the third rufous ; third joint five or six times as long as the

second. Thorax densely grey pollinose ; mesonotum with two

slender median stripes, reaching from the pronotum to beyond

the suture ; anda broad shining stripe on each side, interrupted

by the suture, and abbreviated in front and behind. Scutellum

grey, with six bristles. Abdomen elongate and narrow, black

throughout ; the second, third, and fourth segments broadly and

356 Professor Williston on the

densely grey pollinose in front ; first and second segments with a

single pair of strong median bristles ; third segment with a

posterior row ; fourth bristly on the posterior half. Legs black ;

posterior surface of the front femora broadly grey pollinose ; claws

and the yellowish-brown pulvilli nearly as long as the last two

joints taken together ; hind tibiz with strong, unequal bristles on

the posterior side. Tegule white. Wings nearly hyaline, or with

a light blackish tint ; small cross-vein a little before the middle of

the discal cell.

Q. Front less yellowish, and with orbital bristles; pulvilli

and ungues not longer than the fifth tarsal joint.

Length 9-11 mm.

Five specimens. ‘This species is, apparently, an

Exorista in the sense of Brauer and Bergenstamm.

ATROPHOPODA.

Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xix., 378, 1892;

Vanderwulpia, Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,

xix., 381, 1892 ; Microchira, Brauer and Bergen-

stamm, Musc. Schizometopa, i., 138, 1893;

Wulpia, Brauer and Bergenstamm, I.c., 1893.

1. Atrophopoda townsendii, n. sp. (Pl. XL, figs. 93,

head and part of antenna of ¢ ; 93a, tarsusof d ;

93b, tarsus of ¢ ; 93c, wing.)

3d, 2. Frontal row of bristles descending to the lower border

of the eyes; eyes bare ; costa with spine ; first posterior cell long

petiolate. Male clawsand pulvilli not enlarged. Length 4-5 mm.

Front shining bluish beneath the silvery pollen, the median stripe

black. Face silvery ; sides narrow. Antenne black; second joint

red ; third joint seven or eight times longer than the second in the

male ; in the female more slender and a little shorter ; arista in the

male bare, in the female with long pubescence, subplumose. Palpi

yellow, a little dilated at the tip. Thorax bluish-grey, opaque ;

mesonotum with two, rather broad, deep-brown stripes, extending

from the front margin to the scutellum. Abdomen long-ovate in

shape : opaque bluish-grey ; the first segment and the posterior part

of the second and third segments shining black, the black reaching

well toward the front margin in the middle ; first, second, and third

segments with a pair of erect marginal bristles ; third segment

with a single lateral ene ; fourth segment with a posterior row.

Legs black ; pulvilli and ungues of the male small on all the feet ;

of the female, rudimentary on the front pair, the terminal joints

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 357

compressed. Wings brownish, deeper along the veins, hyaline on

the posterior margin, first posterior cell closed and rather long

petiolate, terminating in the margin a little distance before the tip ;

costa with spine; third vein bristly before the cross-vein, the first

vein bare.

Southern end of the island. May. Open ground,

near sea, on herbage. Six females and two males.

2. Atrophopoda braueri, u. sp. (Pl. XI., figs. 94, head

of 3 ; 94, tarsus of ¢ ; 94b, tarsus of ¢ ; 94c, wing.)

&, @. Frontal bristles descending to the border of the eyes ;

eyes very sparsely hairy; arista pubescent in the female; costa

with spine ; first posterior cell narrowly open at the tip ; all the

claws and putvilli of male much elongated. Length 5-6 mm.

Face a little less receding than in A. townsendii, narrower, and the

front of more equal width. Third joint of antennz not more than

four times the length of the second joint. Sides of front hght-

yellow pollinose. Face silvery-white ; median frontal stripe black.

Antenne deep brown or black ; the second joint red; arista in the

male bare, or almost imperceptibly pubescent; in the female

distinctly pubescent. Thorax silvery-grey, with two broad, deep

brown or black stripes extending the full length of the mesonotum.

Abdomen long-ovate, shining black, the anterior portion of

segments two, three, and four silvery-grey ; first segment with

lateral, hut no median bristles ; second segment with lateral and a

pair of marginal bristles; third and fourth segments with a

posterior row. Legs black ; all the claws and pulvilli of the male

much elongated ; those of the four posterior feet of the female

small, on the front feet rudimentary, and their terminal tarsal

joints compressed. Wings nearly uniformly brownish or sub-

hyaline ; first vein with hairs throughout ; third vein with hairs

as far as the small cross-vein: first posterior ceil terminating near

the tip of the wing, narrowly open, its angle obtuse and without

stump.

Twenty specimens.

It will be seen from the generic synonymy given above

that I take a different view of the value of the characters in

this genus, from that of Messrs. ‘Townsend, Bergenstamm,

and Brauer. Iam opposed to the principle that a genus

is necessary for every described species in this family,

and refrain from here adding two more for the preceding

358 Professor Williston on the

species. It is with much regret that I reduce the above

names to synonyms, for the worthy entomologist whose

name they commemorate deserves better at the hands of

his zealous confreres.

There are now seven known species :—A. singularis,

Towns. ; Vanderwulpia atrophopodoides, Towns.; _ V.

sequens, Towns. ; Microchira mexicana, B. & B.; Wulpia

aperta, B. & Be and the ones deserbed Above all

markedly characterized by the rudimentary front claws

of the female, and having the general markings and

structure all very similar. No two, however, save per-

haps the two species of Vanderwulpia, agree in their

structural characters. ‘Townsend made the error, appa-

rently, of mistaking females for males, describing the front

claws as rudimentary in both sexes, while, without doubt,

in all the species they are alone rudimentary in the female.*

Perhaps a grouping of the described characters will bring

out more clearly the value of those which have been

used for distinguishing the genera.

HKyes hairy. A. singularis, M. mexicana, A. Brauert.

Frontal bristles descending to the cheeks. <A. singu-

lavis, A. Townsendi, A. Brauert.

Frontal bristles not descending below antenne. V.

atrophopodoides, V.sequens, M. mexicana, W. aperta.

First posterior cell open. A. Braueri, W. aperta.

First posterior cell closed in the margin or short

petiolate. A. singularis, V. sequens.

First posterior cell long petiolate. V. atrophopodoides,

A. Townsendi.

Costal spime present. A. singularis, M. mexicana,

W. aperta, A. Townsendi, A. Braueri.

Male claws normal. A. Townsendi.

Male claws elongate. A. Braweri. (Other males un-

known.)

Undoubtedly other mutations of these characters will

appear among species yet to be made known.

I will add, that, in the two males of A. Townsendi,

there is a single, well-developed orbital bristle; in the

males of A. Braueri, there are none; in all the females

there are two.

“ Townsend has since recognized the males, and suspects that

itiaanure Towns., is alsoa synonym of this genus (Trans. Amer.

Ent. Soc., XXXii., 77, 1895).

Diptera of St. Vineent (West Indies). 359

Dipyma.

V.d.Wulp, Biologia Centrali-Amer., Diptera, 11., 156, 1890.

1. Didyma calyptrata,n.sp. (PI. XI., fig. 95, head of ¢.)

&. Front above equal to about one-fourth of the width of the

head, a little broader below ; silvery grey on the sides, the median

stripe black, narrower above, and narrower than the sides. Sides

of the face grey, the median depression darker. The frontal

bristles descend as far as the base of the third antennal joint, and

nearly as far as the uppermost of the vibrissal bristles. Eyes

clothed thickly with dusky pile. Antenne black, shorter than the

face, the third joint four or five times longer than the second ;

arista thickened at the base. Proboscis black, the palpi yellowish.

Thorax black ; mesonotum shining, very thinly pollinose, and with-

out distinct stripes. Scutellum black. Abdomen short-oval ;

black, with thinly pollinose bands on the anterior part of the

segments ; first and second segment with marginal bristles ; third

with a posterior row ; fourth with the posterior part bristly. Legs

black ; hind tibize with unequal bristles. Tegulze large, yellowish-

white. Wings greyish-hyaline ; small cross-vein at the middle

of the discal cell; angle of fourth vein broadly rounded ; first

posterior cell terminating just before the tip, narrowly open.

Length 4 mm.

Two specimens. The female specimen has the front

broader, the eyes sparsely pilose, the mesonotum more

distinctly pollinose, and with two narrow black stripes in

front; the abdomen broader, and the marginal bristles

of the first and second segments possibly wanting.

There is a pair of orbital bristles present in both sexes.

DeGEenia.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., vii., 249, 1838.

1. Degeeria nigriventris, n. sp. (Pl. XI, fig. 96, head

of ¢.)

g. Abdomen shining black; discal bristles present ; wings

hyaline. Length 4 mm.

Front only a little narrower above, equal in width to about one-

fourth of that of the head ; median stripe very broad, opaque-

black ; sides grey, at the vertex shining black. Face opaque-

grey, sides very narrow; vibrissal row of bristles extending

360 Professor Williston on the

nearly to the base of the third joint, and nearly to the lowermost

one of the frontal row. Antenne black, reaching very nearly to

the vibrissz ; third joint six or seven times as long as the second,

Mesonotum shining black, the sides in front pollinose. Abdomen

shining black ; first segment with marginal bristles; second and

third segments with both marginal and discal ones, the latter with

two additional posterior ones on each side; fourth segment bristly

on the posterior part. Legs black. Tegule nearly white. Wings

hyaline ; posterior cross-vein straight, situated in the middle be-

tween the anterior cross-vein and the bend of the fourth vein, the

angle obtuse and without stump ; last section of the fourth vein

gently concave, terminating very near the tip of the wing. No

costal spine.

Three specimens.

BEsKIA,

Brauer and Bergenstamm, Denksch. K. Acad. Wiss-

ensch., lvi., 139, 1889 ; Ocypterosipho, 'Townsend,

J. N. York Ent. Soc., 1i., 79, 1894.

1. Beskia cornuta. (Pl. XI., figs. 97, head of $; 97a,

wing.)

Beskia cornuta, Brauer and Bergenstamm, Dencksch.

K. Acad. Wissench., lvi., 139, fig. 276.

Ocypterosipho willistoni, Townsend, 1. c.

Hab. San Domingo (Coll. Williston), Brazil (B. B.).

Several specimens ; agreeing well with the description.

DEXIIDA.

RHYNCHODEXIA.

Bigot, Bullet. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1885, p. xi.

1. Rhynchodexia sororia, n. sp. (Pl. XI, fig. 98,

head of ¢.)

$, @- Thorax and scutellum cinereous, with black stripes.

Abdomen of male red, with a black stripe ; of the female, black ;

palpi yellow, brown at the tip. Legs black. Length 9-13 mm.

$. Head lght opaque, golden-yellow, the cheeks more ashy ;

ground-colour of the lower part of the face and the cheeks yellow.

First two joints of the antenne, and the base of the third, red ;

third joint a little more than twice the length of the second ; arista

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 361

thickened on the basal portion, plumose ; second antennal joint

prominent, and with bristles. Proboscis black; palpi slender,

yellow, brownish at tip, a little broader on the distal portion.

Mesonotum cinereous, with variable reflections, and with three

broad black stripes, and on each side of the median stripe a

narrow black Jine ; scutellum cinereous, its base black and tip red.

Abdomen conical, yellowish red, with a broad black stripe, some-

times interrupted at the sutures ; cinereous pollinose, variable in

different reflections ; clothed with short black hairs and stout

macrochet, as follows: three or four lateral ones on the first

segment, as many lateral ones on the second segment, and three

pairs of median ones; anterior, lateral ones, and a thick-set posterior

row on the third segment; the fourth segment covered. Legs

black, the middle of all the tibiz red or reddish ; front femora

with a conspicuous row of long bristles on the under side ; middle

femora with a fewer number forming a similar row ; hind tibize

with about three pairs on the posterior side ; claws and the

yellowish brown pulvilli somewhat longer than the last tarsal joint.

Tegule yellow. Wings cinereous hyaline, the anterior cells

yellowish ; small cross-vein at the middle of the discal cell ; angle

of fourth vein rounded.

@. Front above less than one-fourth the width of the head; a

pair of reclinate vertical, and two pairs of orbital bristles present.

Abdomen black, with strong white reflections ; the fifth segment

red ; first segment with a single lateral bristle ; second with one

lateral and discal and marginal; third segment with a discal pair

and posterior row ; fourth segment wholly covered.

Numerous specimens. ‘This species is apparently an

Hudewia, B. & B., and seems nearest allied to P. fraterna,

v. d. Wulp.

SARCOPHAGIDA.

SARCOPHILODES,

Brauer and Bergenstamm, Denkschr. der K. Acad.

Wissensch., lvi., 164, 1889.

1. Sarcophilodes puella, n. sp. (Pl. XIL., fig. 120bis,

head of ¢.)

¢, 9. Front broad, the median stripe scarcely one-third of its

breadth ; at the upper corner of the eyes with two bristles, the

inner longer one recurved, the outer one directed obliquely out-

ward; a pair of proclinate ocellar bristles ; and two orbital bristles,

the upper one reclinate the lower one proclinate ; on either side of

362 Professor Williston on the

the median stripe with about four or five rather strong bristles ;

front of the female of the same width as that of the male, but

with two additional proclinate, orbital bristles. Third joint of the

antenne not more than three times the length of the second, the

arista moderately plumose on the basal half. Sides of the face and

the cheeks bare, the latter with bristles on the lower margin.

Mesonotum with well-developed centro-dorsal bristles extending

in front of the suture. Scutellum with two well-developed bristles

on each lateral margin, but without a marginal apical pair. Abdo-

men short, oval; second and third segments each with a pair of

marginal bristles, the third with two additional lateral marginal

ones, and the fourth with a posterior row ; hypopygium without

bristles. ibis: without long hair, the bristles irregular. Third

vein of the wings setulose at the proximal end, the distal section

not sinuous; anterior cross-vein nearly opposite the end of the

first vein and at the middle of the discal cell, the distance from the

anterior cross-vein to the posterior cross-vein equal to the length

from the latter to the angle; posterior cross-vein much less oblique

than the apical cross-vein ; angle of the fourth vein with a fold,

but not distinctly appendiculated ; first posterior cell narrowly

open before the border of the wing. Head yellowish-grey ;

frontal stripe red or brownish-red ; antennee black. Mesonotum

with three deep brown stripes, about as wide as the grey between

them. Abdomen oqaque yellowish-grey, changeable in different

reflection, with a median stripe and a row of three rather small

spots on each side; hypopygium grey. Legs black. Wings hyaline.

Length 4 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. The present

species does not wholly agree with the definition of the

genus, as given by Brauer and Bergenstamm. It differs

in having the first posterior cell open and inappendiculate,

and in having the hypopygium rather small. It may be

a Sarcophagula, Wulp.

SaRCOPHAGA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., v., 14, 1826.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. Hypopygium or anal segmentsred . . . ...... 2

Hypopygium or anal segments black or grey . . 5

2. Hypopygium large, with abundant black hair and stiri

bristles ; scutellum with three pairs of stout bristles ;

posterior tibia of males with long hair . . otéosa, n. sp.

Tibis of male without long hair.) 2 © ). se. ee eee

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 363

3. First segment of the hypopygium with well-developed

bristles on its posterior margin ; first longitudinal vein

with a few bristles at its proximal end; scutellum

without apical bristles. . . . . . . chetopygialis.

First segment of the hypopygium on bristles on its

hind margin ; scutellum with a pair of apical bristles . 4

4. Hypopygium large, both segments red, black hair ; meso-

notum without black bristles in front. concinnata, n. sp.

Hypopygium small, its first segment black . . pavida,n. sp.

. First longitudinal vein without bristles . . mécropygialis, n. sp.

First longitudinal vein with bristles . . . . . . . ~~ sp.

1. Sarcophaga micropygialis, n. sp.

6. Front above in width less than the length of the third

antennal joint ; vertex with two strong proclinate bristles, a little

in advance of the ocelli another, smaller, pair of reclinate bristles,

apparently the beginning of the rather long ones composing the

frontal rows; ocelli with two proclinate bristles. Sides of the

face narrow, not more than one-half the width of the median flat-

tened surface ; a row of minute bristles near the eyes, otherwise

bare. The bare, hair-like tip of the arista about as long as the

plumose portion. Cheeks with black hair, on the inferior

margin with black bristles, reaching to the stout vibrisse,

which are situated only a little distance above the oral margin.

In colour, the sides of the front and face, the cheeks and the

posterior orbits are light golden yellow, opaque central portion

of the face grey; frontal stripe and the antenne black. Black

stripes of the mesonotum broad ; the mesonotum with black

hair and with four rows of well-developed bristles, reaching

to the front part. Scutellum with four stout bristles, and

in the middle of the apical border a pair of minute bristles,

closely approximated. Abdomen black, scarcely at all shining,

the second and third segments each with four oval spots, some-

what variable in different reflections; third segment with a

pair of median marginal bristles ; fourth segment with a strong,

posterior row of bristles, and an oval black spot on each side

anteriorly ; hypopygium small, black, grey or yellowish-grey

pollinose, its first segment with a row of black bristles before its

posterior margin. Legs black; middle tibiz with a single stout

bristle on its posterior side near the middle; hind tibie with several

bristles and without long hair on the inner side ; pulvilli long.

Wings nearly hyaline; first longitudinal vein without bristles ;

third vein with bristles for more than half the distance to the

364 Professor Williston on the

anterior cross-vein, the latter situated at the middle of the discal

cell; distance from the anterior cross-vein to the posterior cross-vein

more than three times that from the latter to the angle of the

fourth vein. Length 9 mm.

2. Sarcophaga concinnata, n. sp.

4. Agrees with S. otiosa throughout, except that the middle and

hind tibize are wholly without the thick long hair on the inner side,

and the femora have less hair below. The specimens, moreover,

seem to be less thickly hairy than in that species, and the size is

less. Length 9-11 mm.

With the three specimens presenting the above char-

acters, there are four females which may belong with

them, but from their larger size, I suspect are S. otiosa.

The front is broader than in the males; there are four

well-developed bristles along the orbit and two orbital,

proclinate bristles; the black stripes of the mesonctum

seem a little narrower; the fifth abdominal segment is

red, the legs are without the long hair, and the claws are

a little shorter. It is possible that the species is

identical with S. chrysostoma, Wied.

3. Sarcophaga otiosa, n. sp.

@. Front narrow above, at the vertex the width is about equal

to the length of the third antennal joint ; at each superior angle of

the eyes there is a stout bristle directed backwards ; a little way in

front of these there is a single, smaller bristle on each side ; along

the edge of the frontal stripe, a row of thick-set bristles, short

above, but becoming successively longer below. Sides of the face

bare, except a row of minute bristles situated close to the eyes.

The antennz reach nearly to the stout vibrisse ; arista long and

densely plumose. Cheeks light-golden pilose, with a row of black

bristles on the inferior margin, reaching to the vibrisse ; vibrisse

situated at some distance above the oral margin. In colour, the

sides of the front and of the face are opaque, light golden-yellow,

the frontal stripe, the antenne, and the vibrissal ridges black, the

last greyish pollinose. Stripes of the mesonotum broad and deep

black ; mesonotum with abundant black hair, but without bristles,

except on the posterior part. Scutellum with three pairs of stout

bristles, the apical pair approximated and cruciate. Abdomen

marmorate, metallic-black and yellowish-grey, variable in different

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 365

reflections; third segment with two or four, median, marginal

bristles and two lateral ones ; fourth segment with a row of strong

marginal ones ; hypopygium large, reddish-yellow, thickly clothed

with black hair or pile, its first segment without bristles. Legs

stout, metallic-black; front femora pollinose behind; middle tibiz,

except on the basal third, and the hind tibie throughout, with

abundant long black pile; all the femora have rather abundant

pile on the under-side ; middle tibiz with a single stout bristle on

the outer-side, near the middle, the hind tibiz with four or five,

besides the terminal ones, Wings nearly hyaline; first longi-

tudinal vein bare, the third with a few bristles at the extreme

base ; outer cross-veins in nearly the same straight line, the

posterior cross-vein joining the fourth vein beyond the middle of

the distance between the anterior cross-vein and the angle. Claws

elongate. Length 12-13 mm.

Five specimens. There are no ocellar bristles. It is

not improbable that the female of this species is that

mentioned under the preceding.

4, Sarcophaga pavida, n. sp.

6. Width of the front above greater than the length of the

third antennal joint ; at the angle of the eyes above a strong

reclinate bristle ; below the ocelli on either side, forming the

beginning of the frontal row (the bristles of which are distinctly

smaller) there are two, strong reclinate bristles; ocelli with two

small, proclinate bristles. A row of minute bristles on the sides of

the face near the eyes ; otherwise bare. Cheeks with yellow hair

and with black bristles on its lower margin. In colour, the sides of

the front of the face, the cheeks, and the posterior orbits are light

golden-yellow, the median facial depression grey, the frontal

stripe and the antenne black. Black stripes of the mesonotum

rather broader than the intervening grey stripes; bristles of

the mesonotum extending to the front. Scutellum with two stout

bristles on each lateral border, and a pair of smaller, approximated,

cruciate ones at the tip. Abdomen black, shining ; the second,

third and fourth segments each with four oval, grey spots,

changeable in different reflections ; third segment with median

marginal bristles ; hypopygium small, its first segment yellowish-

grey, almost wholly concealed, the posterior segment shining-red,

with black hair. Legs black; middle tibize with two median

exterior bristles, the lower one stout ; hind tibize without hair on

the inner side. Wings greyish-hyaline ; first longitudinal vein

without bristles ; outer cross-veins in nearly the same direction ;

TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—Pparri. (SEPY.) 20

366 Professor Williston on the

anterior cross-vein at the middle of the discal cell; the distance

between the cross-veins is less than three times that from the

posterior one to the angle. Length 9 mm.

g. <A single strong reclinate bristle at the beginning of the

frontal row ; two proclinate, orbital bristles on each side ; fifth

abdominal segment very small, nearly concealed, red; front a little

broader above.

Four specimens. St. Vincent.

5. Sarcophaga chetopygialis, n. sp.

¢. Width of the front above less than the length of the

third antennal joint ; a stout reclinate bristle at the angle of the

eyes, another, less strong, forming the beginning of the frontal

rows; and a pair of small, proclinate ocellar bristles. Bristle of

the antennz plumose nearly to the extremity. Sides of the face

bare; cheeks with black hairs. The dorso-central bristles of

the mesonotum extend to the front; black stripes of the

mesonotum much broader than the grey intervals. Scutellum with

two stout bristles on each side, and without the apical pair.

Abdomen shining black, with four rows of grey spots, only

moderately changeable in different reflections. Hypopygium

prominent, shining red, the first segment with well-developed

bristles on its hind margin ; hair sparse, black. Wings distinctly

greyish-hyaline ; first and third veins with bristles ; posterior

cross-vein distinctly less oblique than the apical cross-vein ;

anterior cross-vein at the middle of the discal cell. Length 7-8 mm.

@. Front a little broader above; anal segment red, small,

nearly concealed ; front with orbital bristles.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

MUSCIDA.

Mosca.

Linné, Fauna Suecica, 1763.

1. Musca domestica.

Musca domestica, Linné, ete.—Cosmopolitan.

Musca harpyia, Harris, Ent. Correspond., 335.—

North America.

Stomoxys.

Geoffroy, Hist. des Ins., i., 1764.

1. Stomoxys calcitrans, Linné, etc.—Cosmopolitan.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 367

Lucitia.

Robineau Desvoidy, Myodaires, 452, 1830,

1. Lucilia (Compsomyia) macellaria.

Musca macellaria, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., 776 (for

the extensive bibliography and synonymy, see

Lynch A., An. Soc. Cient. Arg., x., 71, 233).—

North and South America.

2. Lucilia ruficornis.

? Lucilia ruficornis, Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suappl.,

198; Schiner, Reise der Novara, Dipt., 304;

Roeder, Stett. Ent. Zeit., xii., 347; Bigot, in

Ramon de la Sagra. Nat. Hist., 821.—Colombia

(Macq.), Chile (Schiner), Cuba (Bigot), Porto

Rico (Roeder).

? Lucilia cluvia, Walker, List, iv., 885.—West Indies.

,£ Musea insularis, Walker, Dipt., Saund., 340.—West

Indies.

I do not feel quite sure of the determination.

ANTHOMYIIDA.

OPpHYRA.

Robineau Desvoidy, Myodaires, 516, 1830.

1. Ophyra xnescens. (Pl. XII, figs. 120, head of ¢ ;

120a, wing.)

Anthomyia xnescens, Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., i1.,

435.—New Orleans, West Indies.

Ophyra exnescens, Macquart, Dipt. Hxot. ler Suppl.,

203; Roeder, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1885.—Texas

(Macq.), Porto Rico (Roeder).

&. Deep shining green black, the face and legs black. Eyes

nearly contiguous. Front below with short bristles. Antenne

dark-red ; arista slender, bare. A small spot in the middle above

the antenne ; the face and the cheeks light, silvery pollinose ;

oral and cheek bristles small. Proboscis short; palpi yellow.

Abdomen ovate, with rather dense, erect, black hair; bristles at

the tip slender and not long. Wings lightly tinged with brown.

Hind tibiz simple. Length 5 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

368 Professor Williston on the

Lispa.

Latreille, Precis, etc., 1796.

1. Lispa uliginosa.

Lispa uliginosa, Fallen, Dipt. Suec. Musce., 93 ;

Loew, Stett. Ent. Zeit., viii, 24; Kowarz,

Wien. Ent. Zeit., xi—EHurope, North America.

Six specimens. St. Vincent.

CYRTONEURA.

Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., 11., 274, 1835.

1. Cyrtoneura maculipennis, n. sp. (Pl. XIL., figs. 121,

head of ¢ ; 121la, wing.)

d. Eyes bare, separated at the vertex by a space not twice the

width of the ocellar tubercle. Front with a median, narrow, black

stripe, broader at the lower end; orbits silvery-grey, with a single

row of bristles, descending as far as the proximal end of the second

joint of the antenne. Ocellar tubercle with two strong procli-

nate bristles. Antenne black, the second joint and the immediate base

of the third largely yellowish, the third joint reaching nearly to

the strong oral bristles; arista long plumose. Face light-grey

pollinose. Proboscis and palpi black. Mesonotum lightly grey

pollinose ; in some lights with two slender, interrupted stripes on

each side, and the beginning of two median ones in front.

Scutellum grey pollinose, large, triangular, with two approximated

bristles at its apex. Pleure black, only slightly pollinose.

Abdomen short and broad, greyish-yellow pollinose, somewhat

variable in different reflections, the shining ground-colour showing

through ; clothed with short bristly hairs and with moderately

long bristles at the tip. Legs wholly black. Wings greyish-

hyaline, or uniformly tinged with pale brownish ; a small blackish

spot at the tip of the auxiliary vein, and one on the anterior cross-

vein; the posterior cross-vein, which is nearly straight and

rectangular to the fifth vein, is lightly clouded ; first posterior

cell slightly narrowed in the margin. Tegule nearly white, the

upper one smaller than the under one. Halteres yellow. Length

43-52 mm.

@. Front less than one-third of the width of the head, the

median black stripe broad, and of equal width. Pulvilli a little

smaller than in the male. Abdomen grey, with irregular light-

brown markings.

Six specimens, St. Vincent.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 369

LIMNOPHORA.

Robineau Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myod., 517, 1830.

1. Inmnophora exilis, n. sp.

¢. Front long, the eyes very nearly contiguous below the

ocelli, leaving a very narrow space in which there are rows of long

slender bristles ; below, the opaque black of this space broadens

out into the frontal triangle, leaving the orbits narrowly silvery.

Antenne black, the third joint not reaching to the vibrissal bristles ;

arista bare. Face lightly grey pollinose; epistoma but very little

projecting; cheeks very narrow. Mesonotum shining black

the lateral margins in front of the suture, the pleure and the

abdomen, where not spotted, light-grey pollinose. Scutellum

shining black. Abdomen ovate, the first segment in large part,

the second and third each with three large, subconfluent, subopaque,

black spots ; fourth segment for the most part shining. Legs

black ; hind tibiz with long black pile on the inner side ; pulvilli

not elongated. Wings yellowish hyaline ; penultimate section of

the fourth vein shorter than the posterior cross-vein, the latter

rectangular, Palpi black. Length 34 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent.

2. Limnophora debilis, n. sp.

&. Eyes nearly contiguous below the ocelli. Front silvery

white, with a large, opaque, black triangle below, with two

rows of erect black bristles. Antenne dark-brownish red ;

arista bare. Face silvery grey. Thorax black; mesonotum

densely light yellowish-grey pollinose, with three complete and

two incomplete, narrow, dark-brown stripes. Pleurz densely light,

grey pollinose. Scutellum of the same yellowish-grey colour as

the dorsum of the thorax, with a discal, dark-brown spots; itis large

and triangular, and has a pair of apical cruciate bristles, and one

on each border. Abdomen ovate, opaque light yellow; first segment

on the sides and the fourth segment for the greater part black,

covered with light-yellowish pollen; second and third segments each

with a pair of dark-brown, opaque spots. Legs black, the knees

yellow; hind tibiz not hairy. Tegule white, the under one project-

ing. Halteres yellow. Wings greyish hyaline. Length 5-6 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent. With these two male

specimens, there is a large number of female specimens

of smaller size, in which the abdomen is black in

ground-colour, with two pairs of dark-brown spots

370 Professor Williston on the

on the second and third segments. The front is

broad, with a black stripe. ‘The wings show a noticeable

difference in that the posterior cross-vein is at right-

angles to the fourth vein, and is a little shorter than the

penultimate section of the fourth vein. In the males

described above the anterior angle of the discal cell is

distinctly less than a right angle, and the posterior

cross-vein is longer than the penultimate section of the

fourth vein. The epistoma is but little prominent in

either sex.

3. Limnophora (Spilogaster?) exul, n. sp. (Pl. XII,

figs. 122, head of ¢ ; 122a, wing.)

¢. Black. Eyes narrowly separated below the ocelli ; median

black stripe of the front expanded triangularly below ; orbital

margins silvery pollinose. Antenne black ; the third joint does

not reach to the oral bristles; arista short plumose. Face light-

grey pollinose. Proboscis and palpi slender, black. Mesonotum

light yellowish-grey, opaque, with three broad, black stripes, the

lateral ones widened back of the suture to the root of the wings.

Scutellum black, its margins grey with four bristles, the apical

cruciate pair approximated. Pleure light-grey pollinose, the upper

part black. Abdomen elongate ovate ; opaque light yellowish-grey;

the first segment, except the posterior lateral margins and a pair

of large triangles on the second and third segments, extending the

whole length of each segment, and leaving a narrow stripe between

them, black ; fourth segment with three black or brown spots, the

median one elongate. Legs black ; pulvilli elongate ; none of the

tibie hairy. Wings lightly tinged; fourth vein sinuous near the

extremity, narrowing the first posterior cell. Tegule white, the

under one much larger than the upper one. Length 6-7 mm.

¢. Front less than one-third of the width of the head, with a

broad black stripe. Abdomen broader and shorter, the deep-brown

(not opaque black) markings more extensive, leaving a median

stripe on the first three segments and the posterior angles of the

first segment opaque grey.

Ten specimens. St. Vincent.

CanosIa.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Europ. Dipt., v., 210, 1826.

1. Cenosia flavipes, n.sp.

¢. Front densely light-grey pollinose, the ground-colour showing

through bluish; in width about one-fourth that of the head.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 371

Face, cheeks and occiput of the same colour or lighter. Antenne

pure light yellow ; arista bare, slender, yellow at its base. Thorax

everywhere densely light-grey pollinose, but with a bluish tint as

though from the black ground-colour ; mesonotum with a median

brown stripe. Abdomen yellow, the distal segments brownish or

blackish ; in shape elongate ovate and not flattened. Legs wholly

yellow. Wings tinged with yellowish ; penultimate section of the

fourth vein not longer than the posterior cross-vein. Length 6 mm.

?. Mesonotum with three brown stripes. Antennz darker, the

third joint in part brownish. Abdomen darker, the second and

following segments each with a pair of small rounded spots, and a

median brownish stripe. Hind tarsi brownish.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

2. Cenosia insularis, n. sp. (Pl. XII., figs. 123, head

of $; 128a, wing.)

¢. Front opaque golden yellow, a little less than one-third of

the width of the head, and of nearly equal width. Antenne

black ; arista finely pubescent. Face yellowish-grey. Cheeks be-

low the eyes rather narrower than the width of the third joint of

the antennz. Occiput swollen below ; greyish pollinose, the orbits

yellow. Mesonotum densely light grey pollinose, with two broad,

dark coffee-brown stripes extending on the sides of the scutellum,

the latter with a median, light coloured stripe, extending from the

mesonotum. Pleurz greyish pollinose. Abdomen cylindrical, only

a little broader at the base ; shining brownish-black with the an-

terior angles of the segments broadly grey pollinose ; covered with

recumbent hairs, and with a slender lateral bristle on each

segment. Legs black ; the knees and cox in front (beneath the

pollen) yellowish. Wings tinged with pale-brown. Tegule nearly

white, the under one projecting beyond the upper. Halteres yellow.

Palpi black. Length 6-7 mm.

Numerous specimens, St. Vincent. The abdomen in

the female is elliptical.

MICROPEZIDAL.

‘TANYPEZA.

Fallen, Dipt. Suec. Opomyz., 4, 1820.

1, Tunypeza claripennis. (Pl. XIL, figs. 124, head of ¢ ;

124a, wing.)

Tanypeza claripennis, Schiner, Reise der Novara, Dipt.,

247.—Brazil.

372 Professor Williston on the

A single specimen without abdomen and hind legs, but

which, otherwise, agrees so well with the description of

this species that I believe the determination is sufficiently

certain.

CaLoBATA.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 1803; Ceyw, Dumeril, 1801.

1. Calobata angulata.

Calobata angulata, Loew, Centur., vii., 87; Schiner,

Reise der Novara, Dipt., 253, Brazil, Colombia

(Schiner, Loew).

In the present collection there are about twenty

specimens which were thought at first sight to be

conspecific. A more careful examination, however,

disclosed trustworthy specific differences. Both of

the species are evidently closely allied to C. lasciva,

Fabr., and it is not improbable that they have been

confounded with that species. I do not know C. lasciva,

but they differ, according to Schiner, in the light-coloured

bands of the hind femora being oblique. Schiner

thought that C. angulata might be identical with

C. annulata, F., but, if my determinations are correct,

he was in error. In the present species the front is

very narrow and long, distinctly less than one-third of

the width of the head. The front tarsi are white from

near the middle of the metatarsi, the terminal joints

scarcely perceptibly darker. ‘The lighter-coloured por-

tions of the wing are subhyaline, and the first posterior

cell is narrowly open The head is reddish-yellow with a

small dark-red or black spot in the middle of the front.

The antennz in all our specimens are more reddish than

black. I have compared specimens from Brazil in my

collection, and find no differences.

2. Calobata annulata.

Musca annulata, Fabricius, Syst., iv., 338; Syst. Antl.,

262.

Calobata annulata, Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., i..,

534,—Cayenne.

Grallopoda annulata, Rondani, Esapoda Ditteri, 178.—

Ins. St. Sebastian.

The species which I identify as this from both St.

Vincent and Brazil, has a dark reddish-brown head, with

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 373

a broad front, distinctly more than one-third of the width

of the head, brownish-red antennz, a rather narrow

clypeus, stouter and rather longer front tarsi, with only

the second, third, and fourth joints light-yellow, the

lighter coloured parts of the wing more pure hyaline, and

the first posterior cell closed.

The genus Calobatu has been repeatedly subdivided

by Macquart and Rondani, but their subdivisions have not

been accepted by later writers. For C. lasciva (C.

albimana, Macq.) Macquart proposed the genus T'aniap-

tera, but afterward withdrew it. For the same species

Rondani proposed Grallopoda. For the species with open

first posterior cell, bare arista and long anal cell, he pro-

posed Mimegralla; for those with closed first posterior

cell, bare arista and long anal cell, Grallomyia; while

Raineria, which was afterwards changed to Tanipoda,

was applied to species differing from Grallomyia in the

short anal cell. Calobata he restricted to those species

with plumose antennal arista.

3. Calobata mellea, n. sp. (Pl. XII, fig. 125, wing.)

¢, @. Reddish yellow ; abdomen black. Sides of the front

shining ; in the middle a dark-red opaque stripe. Antenne yellow,

third joint not twice as long as wide ; arista short-plumose. Face

yellow, silvery pollinose on the sides. Clypeus of moderate width,

red or black, shining. Thorax reddish-yellow, shining, the pleurz

a little lighter coloured. Abdomen black, shining, slender; male

organs and the ovipositor, except its base, yellow. Legs yellow ;

front tibia except the extreme tip black ; middle and hind tibiz,

middle tarsi, and the hind tarsi, except the greater portion of the

metatarsi brownish ; front metatarsi light-yellow ; hind metatarsi

yellow. Wings hyaline, with a large brown spot filling out the

first posterior cell to beyond its middle, the outer half of the

discal cell, and triangularly in the submarginal cell to near the tip

‘of the second vein; first posterior cell narrowly open ; anal cell

not produced. Length 6-5 mm.

Nine specimens. St. Vincent.

Negtus.

Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 1805.

1, Nerius bistriatus, n. sp. (Pl. XII., figs. 126, head of ¢?;

126a, wing.)

Q. Front narrowly opaque yellow ou the sides, in the middle

with a broad opaque black stripe, broader in front, where it is red-

374d Professor Williston on the

dish. Basal joints of the antenne blackish ; third joint brownish-

red ; arista slender, black. Face yellow, somewhat blackish in the

depression ; the sides above, running obliquely to the root of the

antenne, shining black. The yellow of the face continues back

horizontally at the lower margin of the eye ; the occiput is black,

except a yellow spot back of the middle of each eye. Mesonotum

opaque black, with two light, greyish-yellowish, pollinose stripes.

Scutellum opaque black, with a broad yellow stripe in the middle.

Pleursze opaque biack, more or less yellowish-dusted ; along the

dorsopleural suture a yellow stripe, as though continuous with the

yellow spot of the sides of the occiput; lower portion of the pleurze

in front yellow; a rounded process in front of the halteres yellow.

Abdomen black, not at all shining; ovipositor cylindrical, yellowish.

Coxe and legs yellow, the tarsi somewhat infuscated ; front femora

for the whole length below, and the four posterior femora distally,

spinose. Wings strongly tinged with brownish-yellowish ; first

posterior cell open. Length 6 mm,

One specimen. St. Vincent.

ORTALIDA.

EKuxesta.

Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeit., v., 385, 1867.

1. Huwxesta stigmatias. (Pl. XIL., fig. 127, wing.)

Huzxesta stigmatias, Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeit., xi., 310,

pl. ieee. 185 Monoers ails, eGo e pleaic.

fig. 17.—Cuba, Brazil.

Numerous specimens agreeing with the description.

The hind metatarsi are, for the most part, yellow.

2. Huxesta annone.

Musca annonex, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv., 358.

Tephritis annonx, Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 320.

Ortalis annone, Wiedemann, Auss. Zweifl. Ins., ii,

463.—South America.

Urophora quadrivittata, Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., ii.,

456,

Eucesta annone, Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xi., 305,

pl. i1., fig. 13; Monogr., ii1., 162, pl. ix., fig. 13.—

Cuba.

Amethysa annone, Schiner, Reise der Novara,

Diptera, 283.—South America.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 375

A single specimen which agrees with the description

in everything save some of the wing-markings. The

brown bands of the wings have blackish clouds continu-

ing them to the hind margin, and there is a distinct

hyaline interval in front of the second vein between the

third and fourth bands.

3. Huxesta, n. sp.

A single specimen of a small species differs from all

known to me of those having four bands, in the

possession of a rounded hyaline spot in front of the

second vein and beyond the third band. The purely

hyaline interval is situated beyond this spot, and is

narrow ; the apical band is narrow, and the brown of

the broad second band scarcely exceeds the third vein,

but is filled out to the hind margin by a strong blackish

cloud. The species is small, the front is brownish-red,

the antenne, front coxze and metatarsi are yellowish. It

is labelled ‘‘ Southern end of the island. Open ground

near sea, on herbage. May.”

4, Huxesta apicalis, n. sp. (Pl. XII, fig. 128, wing.)

&, @- Allied to EL. notata, but the costal cell wholly brown.

Steel-blue or green-blue, but little shining, the abdomen with

blackish reflections. Front dark-red or reddish-brown. the orbits

narrowly whitish ; the vertex and the upper part of the orbits,

blue ; hair black. Antenne brownish-yellow, the third joint oval.

Face considerably excavated, and, together with the clypeus, steel-

blue, shining, the upper part pollinose ; cheeks reddish. An arcu-

ate band extending across the middle of the mesonotum has a

more blackish reflection. Coxe and femora light yellow ; front

tibiz and tarsi black; the four posterior tibie and the distal

joints of their tarsi brown, their basal joints yellow or yellowish.

Wings hyaline ; the costal and subcostal cells throughout, a small

spot in the extreme proximal end of the submarginal cell, and a

small spot beginning at the extreme tip of the marginal and ex-

tending across the submarginal into the first basal cell, uniformly

dark brown ; fourth vein distinctly curved forward, narrowing the

first posterior cell; the fifth vein reaches the margin of the wing ;

first section of the ovipositor a little longer than wide, distinctly

longer than the last abdominal segment, yellowish at the base ;

abdomen for the most part black. Length 4-44 mm

Six specimens. St. Vincent.

376 Professor Williston on the

EPIPLaTEA.

Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeit., 1867, 324.

1. Hpiplatea amabilis, n. sp.

2. Front moderately broad, slightly narrower above, opaque

yellowish-red, with short black hairs. Face shining translucent

reddish-yellow ; gently excavated under each antenna; nearly

vertical and straight in profile. Frontal, facial and occipital orbits

narrowly silvery-white. The clypeus forms a narrow, horse-shoe

shaped body, not projecting in profile. Antennz reddish-yellow ;

third joint elongate oval, not reaching quite to the lower margin of

the face ; arista black, bare. Proboscis stout; palpi slender,

yellowish, except at the base. Mesonotum uniformly yellowish-

red (about the same colour as the front) ; scutellum somewhat

brownish, with four bristles. Pleurz shining, more brownish, in

the middle below brown. The short hair of the mesonotum and

the bristles are black. Abdomen wholly deep shining black, with

short black hair; ovipositor but little longer than the last

abdominal segment, black. Legs deep brown, the knees and

tarsi more yellowish; middle tibia with a stout spur; front

femora with some bristles below. Wings nearly hyaline; the

costal and subcostal cells, reaching back through the beginning of

the submarginal cell to the fourth vein, a band beginning at the

outer part of the first vein and reaching over the anterior cross-

vein, an elongate spot of about the same width covering the pos-

terior cross-vein, and the apex of the wing, save a rounded interval

at the very tip, brown; third and fourth veins somewhat con-

vergent at the tip ; anal cell rounded distally, not at all drawn out

into a point. Length 44-5 mm.

This species, it will be seen, does not agree in all its

details with the characters given by Loew for the genus,

but the discrepancies are trivial. In some specimens the

brown spots of the wings are narrower, and that at the

tip might be called an incomplete band. Four speci-

mens.

TRYPETIDA.

TRYPETA.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., u1., 1803.

1. Trypeta (Aciura) phenicura.

Trypeta phenicura, Loew, Monogr., iii., 269, pl. ¥i.,

fig. 12.—Brazil.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 377

Four specimens, agreeing closely with Loew’s

description.

2. Trypeta (Tephritis) fucata. (Pl. XII., fig. 129, wing.)

Musca fucata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv., 359.—West

Indies.

Tephritis fucata, Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 321.

Trypeta fucata, Wiedemann, Auss. Gweill. Ins., i,

305.—South America.

Trypeta (Tephritis) fucata, Loew, Monogr., i1., 500.—

Buenos Aires.

A female specimen agreeing well with Loew’s de-

scription, which was drawn from one of Wiedemann’s

types.

3. Trypeta (Ensina) peregrina. (Pl. XIII., fig. 130, wing.)

Trypeta (Ensina) peregrina, Loew, Monogr., in., 292,

pl. x., fig. 80.—Brazil.

Two specimens, one of which is labelled ‘ Leeward,

near sea. By open stream. Sept.”

A. Trypeta (Hvaresta) melanogastra, (Pl. XIII., fig. 131,

wing. )

Trypeta melanogastra, Loew, Monogr., i., 90, pl. il,

fig. 24; i., 315, pl. x., fig. 24.—Cuba.

Five specimens. In several of the specimens the

base of the abdomen is yellow; in all the metanotum

is not shining, but pollinose.

5. Trypeta (Urellia) solaris. (Pl. XIII., fig. 182, wing.)

Trypeta (Urellia) solaris, Loew, Monogr., i., 84, pl. ii.,

fig. 19; i., 325, pl. x., fig. 19.— United States.

Two specimens, which agree closely with the descrip-

tion and figures of this species. With them, however,

are others which seem less certainly identical. They are

smaller, and have in the wings a ninth ray, as is de-

scribed for U. polyclona. The latter, however, is described

as having four scutellar bristles.

378 Professor Williston on the

6. Trypeta (Plagiotoma) incompleta, n. sp.

¢, @. Yellow, the mesonotum with two, the abdomen with

eight black spots. Front rather narrow, especially below; on

each side with three or four brownish bristles, and with two pro-

clinate ocellar bristles. Antenne light-yellow ; arista bare, black

on the distal half. Face vertical, the oral margin projecting a

little. Proboscis short ; palpi projecting slightly in front of the

oral margin. Mesonotum light ochraceous yellow, with short

yellow hairs and brownish bristles ; just above and behind the root

of the wing on each side, there is a small round black spot ;

scutellum with four bristles. Abdomen a little more reddish, with

yellow hairs ; on each side with four rounded black spots. Ovipo-

sitor yellow, as long or a little longer than the last two abdominal

segments (in one specimen it is drawn out longer than the

abdomen). Legs yellow. Wings very similar to those of P. obliqua,

Say, except that the first oblique band back of the tip of the wing

is represented only by the blackish spot at the tip of the fourth

vein and a slight yellowish tinge in front of it. Length

3-4 mm.

This species is closely allied to P. obliqua, Say, but

differs in both sexes in the absence of the pleural spots

(there is a blackish spot at the root of the halteres, and

a small pair on the underside of the scutellum), and in

the wing-markings.

SAPROMYZIDAL.

Loncu@a.

Fallen, Ortalidee, 1820.

1. Lonchxa longicornis, n. sp.

@. Front narrow, with nearly parallel sides, about three times

as long as wide; shining black. Antenne brownish-black ; third

joint elongate, reaching to beyond the oral margin ; arista bare.

Eyes bare. Thorax and abdomen wholly deep shining black. Tegulie

white ciliate. Legs brownish-black, all the metatarsi ight-yellow.

Wings lightly tinged with brownish-yellowish. Length 4 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 379

2. Lonchxa brevicornis, n. sp.

¢. Front and face shining greenish-black ; front about twice

as long as wide. Antenne black, the third joint oval, not twice as

long as wide ; arista bare. Eyes bare. Thorax and abdomen deep

metallic-green ; ovipositor black. Legs brownish-black, the first

two joints of all the tarsi light-yellow. Wings greyish hyaline.

Length 4 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

PHYSOGENUA.

Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl., i., 60, 1851; Hupte-

romyia, Bigot. Rev. et Mag. Zool., 309, 1859.

1. Physogenua nigra, n.sp. (PI.XIIT., fig. 133, head of 2.)

$, 9. Deep shining black throughout, the third joint of the

antenne and the four posterior tarsi reddish-yellow. Face large,

bare, smooth, evenly convex from side to side and from the

antenne to near the oral margin ; just above the oral margin a

narrow horizontal groove; the narrow orbits silvery; clypeus

slightly prominent ; the face on either side with three or four small

bristles. Palpi slender, black. Third joint of the antennz twice

as long as wide ; arista black, plumose. Scutellum convex, subtri-

angular, with four bristles. Halteres white. Abdomen short-oval.

Wings tinged with brownish-yellow ; first posterior cell a little

narrowed at the extremity ; anterior cross-vein nearly opposite the

tip of the first vein. Length 43 mm.

Six specimens. St. Vincent. From the two described

species, P. vittata, Macq. (Lauxania variegata, Loew), and

P. ferruginea, Sch., the present is easily distinguished by

its black colour.

SAPROMYZA

Fallen, Dipt. Suec. Ortalid., 29, 1820.

1. Arista plumose. . . Says Uo. 6, Lalo Caer an ieee, 0

Arista pubescent or pare vi

2. Mesonotum striped . ... Tee deo

Mesonotum unicolorous ; wings aakeuk Shae nen sap < 5

3. Pleurze with stripes ; te with a small black spot in the

middleibelow g-4teseee os ss sw ON ee

Pleurs unicolorous 4) 5 2°24 5). . . . . puellayni sp:

380 Professor Williston on the

4, Wings with markings . . . .. . . . octovittata, n. sp.

Wings unicolorous . ....... - macula, Loew:

5. Shining black species 4... - =. - ; alas sp.

Not shining black. . . 5 ee tee Ae as fe ao

6. Third joint of the anteniie welligw oy ak ay oP hs LEBON han Med.

Third joint in large part black . . . . . vulgaris, Fitch.

7. Mesonotum wattate” <0. ce;se eerie ten Foe ne

Mesonotum not vittate. . . . 5. Fas Ji) Xe tWely sem al

8. Wings for the most part dark- pon — id i n. sp.

Wings nearly hyaline . . . ea)

9, Mesonotum with four slender brown stripes’: ahead an of

the antenne reddish-yellow . . . . . Jineata, n. sp.

Mesonotum with broad ies ; third joint of antenne

blacksey Eaeetes ‘ 10

10. Mesonotum with broad aah grey Pana ‘brown stripes nla n. sp.

Mesonotum with yellow and brown stripes . . venusta, n. sp.

11. Scutellum with two black spots on the margin = ingrata, n. sp.

Scutellum without spots . ... . . . - sororia n. sp.

1. Sapromyza macula,

Sapromyza macula, Loew, Centur., x., 82.—Texas.

é, @. Front opaque-yellow, with a median brown stripe ;

ocelli with small proclinate bristles. Antenne yellow, third joint

twice as long as wide ; arista short-plumose. Face and cheeks

light-yellow, the former with a round black spot above the oral

margin in front, the latter with a small brown spot. Thorax

ochraceous yellow, the mesonotum with four dark-brown stripes,

the median pair extending on the scutellum. Pleure with two

brown stripes, the upper one below the base of the wings ; the

lower, shorter, one across the base of the middle cox. Abdomen

yellow or luteous yellow, with three rows of black spots, the

lateral ones more or less elongate and sometimes coalescent. Legs

light-yellow, the tibize with a proximal, more or less indistinct

(especially on the front pairs), narrow brown ring. Wings tinged

with yellowish ; penultimate section of the fourth vein one-half

the length of the ultimate section. Length 5-5} mm.

Numerous specimens from St. Vincent and Chapada,

Brazil. I have no North American specimens for com-

parison, but the description applies so well that I think

the identification is probable. The West Indian speci-

mens are lighter yellow, and the thoracic stripes are

darker and are continued on the scutellum. Those from

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 381

Brazil agree more closely with Loew’s description. In

the West Indian specimens there is also a distinct

frontal stripe, only slightly indicated in the South

American ones.

2. Sapromyza angustipennis, n. sp. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 134,

wing.)

3, 2. Front broader above than below, its width at the

anterior end equal to about one-half the length ; opaque reddish-

brown with yellowish spots ; on either side with four small yellow

tubercles, from the upper three of which the stout frontal bristles

arise. Antennz brownish-yellow ; third joint a little longer than

wide. Face thickly greyish-pollinose, with two small, oval black

spots. Cheeks, proboscis, palpi, and the greater part of the occiput

light-yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum opaque reddish-brown,

the former with the beginning of stripes and two or three minute

spots on each side in front grey. Pleurz more yellowish-brown.

Abdomen long ovate ; first three segments hght-yellow ; the next

three yellow with a narrow median stripe and an ill-defined spot,

each side black. Legs light-yellow ; hind tibiz with a stout pre-

apical bristle. Wings elongate, deep brown in front, nearly

hyaline on the posterior part ; in the outer part there are two or

three small round hyaline spots, near which the brown is of a

deeper colour. Length 33-4 mm.

Six specimens. This species, in its front and elongated

wings, 1s somewhat aberrant from most Sapromyzx.

3. Sapromyza puella, n. sp.

¢, 2. Front only a little longer than wide ; reddish-yellow,

brownish above and on the sides. Antenne black, the first two

joints somewhat reddish ; third joint oval, more than twice as long

as wide ; arista plumose on the upper side of the proximal part.

Face, cheeks and lower part of the occiput light-yellow. Thorax

deep-brown or black, almost opaque, with two narrow greyish

stripes. Scutellum black. Abdomen black, the terminal segments

more or less reddish. Legs light-yellow, the tarsi brownish; hind

tibiz without a preapical bristle. Wings yellowish ; ultimate

section of the fourth vein rather more than twice the length of

the penultimate section. Length 23-3 mm.

Twenty specimens. St. Vincent.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parv? i111. (SEPT.) 26

382 Professor Williston on the

4. Sapromyza exul, n. sp.

¢, 2. Front about twice as long as wide, opaque yellowish-

grey, with an opaque dark-brown median stripe, slightly narrowed

anteriorly. Antenne brownish-yellow, third joint in part blackish,

rather narrow, about three times as long as wide ; arista pubescent.

Face black in ground-colour, thickly silvery grey-pollinose. Occiput

black, the narrow lateral orbits grey. Mesonotum densely yellowish

grey-pollinose, with three broad, dark coffee-brown stripes, the

middle stripe about equal in width to the adjacent light-coloured

stripes. Scutellum with the yellowish-grey stripes of the meso-

notum continued and uniting at the tip, leaving the middle as the

continuation of the middle brown stripe. Pleure for the most

part shining black, somewhat thinly pruinose above. Abdomen

shining black, thinly greyish-pollinose in an oblique light. Legs

deep-brown, the femora more black, the base of the tibiz, the four

posterior tarsi and the front metatarsi yellow ; hind tibiz witha

well-developed preapical bristle. Wings light brownish-yellowish ;

penultimate second of the fourth vein more than one-half of the

length of the ultimate section. Length 4-43 mm.

Hight specimens, St. Vincent.

5. Sapromyza octovittata, n. sp.

4,9. Front opaque yellow, rather longer than wide, with a

median brown stripe, on either side of which there are three stout

bristles ; ocelli with small proclinate bristles. Antenne yellow,

the third joint twice as long as wide ; arista short plumose. Face

and cheeks light-yellow, the former with a rounded black spot

above the oral margin in front. Thorax light opaque yellow, the

mesonotum with light-brown stripes, the median pair extending on

the sides of the scutellum. Pleurz with two brown stripes, the

one below the base of the wings, the other across the base of the

middle coxee. Abdomen yellow or brownish-yellow, with three

rows of small, dark-brown spots, forming three interrupted stripes ;

the spots are sometimes obscure, perhaps as the result of desic-

cation. Legs light-yellow, the four posterior tibiz with a proximal

narrow brown ring. Wings clouded with dark-brown along the

costa to the tip, on the cross-veins and on the base and outer part

of the fourth vein; penultimate section of the fourth vein not

one-half the length of the ultimate section. Length 4-5 mm.

This species has its markings, aside from those of the

wings, very much as they are in S. macula.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 383

6, Sapromyza (Lauxania ?), sp.

¢. Shining black. Front with two bristles on each side below

the vertical ones ; ocelli with small proclinate bristles. Face rather

flat, wholly opaque light grey ; a transverse groove above the oral

margin. Antenne black, third joint oval, fully twice as long as

wide ; arista moderately long plumose on the upper side, pubescent

on the under side. Thorax and scutellum wholly shining, without

stripes or spots. Abdomen shining brownish-black. Legs black

or brownish-black, the four posterior tibiz and tarsi more or less

yellow. Wings hyaline, the penultimate section of the fourth

vein about one-half the length of the ultimate section. Length

5 mm,

One specimen. St. Vincent. This species is allied to

S. longipennis, but is distinct in the more shining colour

and in the distinctly narrower front, which is perceptibly

longer than wide. Possibly it is identical with Lawxania

muscaria, Loew (Centur., 1., 87; Schiner, Reise der

Novara, Dipt., 282), but the face is not shining. As the

shining black coiour is the final difference between Sapro-

myza and Lauxania, this species would properly come

under the latter. The difference from S. longipennis is,

however, very slight.

7. Sapromyza sordida, un, sp.

? Sapromyza sordida, Wiedmann, Auss. Zw. Ins., ii.,

456.—W est Indies.

3d, 2. Head and antenne yellow. Front as broad as long

shining ; ocellz bristles wanting or rudimentary. Third joint of

the antennz twice as long as wide ; arista black, long plumose on

the upper side. Face rather flat, lightly silvery-pollinose.

Mesonotum shining reddish-yellow, the pleure a little more

yellowish. Abdomen yellowish-brown, moderately shining. Legs

yellow. Wings lightly tinged with yellowish ; penultimate section

of the fourth vein more than half the length of the ultimate

section. Scutellum unicolorous, large, with four strong bristles.

Palpi wholly yellow. Length 5 mm.

Twenty-four specimens.

384. Professor Williston on the

8. Sapromyza vulgaris.

Chlorops vulgaris, Fitch, Reports, vol. i., 300, pl. 1.,

fig. 4.

Sapromyza plumata, Van der Wulp, Tijdschr., v.,

Entom. (2), 159.—Atlantic States.

Sapromyza ocellaris, Townsend, Can. Entom., 1893,

303; F. Lynch, A., An. Soc. Cient. Arg., xxxiv.,

283, 1893.—New Mexico.

¢, @. Front reddish-yellow, broad, a minute spot at the

ocelli ; ocelli with two well-developed ocellar bristles. Antennze

yellow, the third joint black at the tip, and along the under side,

more than twice as long as wide ; arista plumose on the upper side.

Face and cheeks light-yellow. Thorax shining ; mesonotum

reddish-yellow, the pleure more yellowish. Scutellum large, with

four bristles on its margin. Abdomen yellow, brownish-yellow or

brown; in some specimens reddish-yellow with a narrow, but

distinct, brown band on the posterior part of each segment. Legs

smoky hyaline ; penultimate section of the fourth vein not more

than one-half the length of the ultimate section. Palpi black at

tip. Length 4-5 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. 8S. cincta, Loew,

from Cuba and Porto Rico (Roeder), must be very

closely allied, probably identical with this species.

9. Sapromyza venusta, n. sp.

é, ¢@- Front rather narrow, nearly twice as long as wide,

opaque brownish-yellow, with three pairs of recurved bristles.

First two joints of the antenne yellow ; third joint black, oval,

about twice as long as wide ; arista black, short pubescent. Face

and cheeks light-yellow ; palpi for the most part black. Thorax

shining yellow, with three broad, brown or brownish stripes, the

middle one obsoletely geminate. Abdomen brown, at the base

yellow. Legs yellow. Wings smoky hyaline ; penultimate section

of the fourth vein but httle more than one-third of the length of

the ultimate section. Length 4 mm,

Six specimens. In some of the specimens, the abdo-

men has a median series of black spots, with the sides

of the segments blackish. Like most specimens in this

genus the abdomen has seemed to suffer in its coloration

in drying, and fresh specimens are needed to determine

the markings with clearness.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 385

10. Sapromyza lineata, un. sp.

¢. Shining yellow. Front as long as broad. Third joint of

the antenne a little brownish at the tip, twice as long as broad ;

arista black, long pubescent. Mesonotum somewhat reddish-

yellow, with four slender brown stripes. Abdomen in the dried

specimens light brownish-yellow, immaculate. Legs light-yellow ;

the distal joints of the front tarsi brown. Wings yellowish

hyaline; penultimate section of the fourth vein not more than

one-half the length of the ultimate section. Length 4 mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent. The colour in some

of the specimens is light reddish-yellow throughout.

The terminal joints of all the tarsi are somewhat

brownish. ‘The palpi are wholly yellow.

11. Sapromyza sororia, n. sp.

¢, @. Front yellow or brownish-yellow, narrow, less than

one-third the width of the head, with the usual three pairs of

bristles and a small proclinate ocellar pair. Face and antenne

yellow, the third joint of the latter oval, its length only a little

greater than its width. Palpi black at the tip. Mesonotum

reddish or brownish-yellow, pleurz more yellow, both shining but

little. Abdomen yellow or brownish-yellow, with a median row

of rounded black spots. Wings greyish hyaline; the penultimate

section of the fourth vein but little more than one-third the length

of the ultimate section. Length 4-5 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. In some speci-

mens the abdomen is brown or black, probably due to

the effects of drying ; allied to S. rotwndicornis, Loew.

12. Sapromyza imgrata, n. sp.

6, 2. Front rather narrow, yellow, or brownish-yellow,

but little shining. Antenne reddish-yellow; third joint oval,

not twice as long as wide; arista black, short-pubescent. Face

and cheeks yellow, opaque, the former witha minute spot near the

oral margin in front. Mesonotum reddish-yellow, with short

black bristly hairs ; the two median rows of bristles do not extend

in front of the middle. Scutellum yellow, with a round, deep

black spot on each side between the origin of the bristles. Pleurz

yellow. Abdomen yellow or brown, apparently in life with series

of median and lateral black spots. Legs yellow. Wings smoky

hyaline ; veins black ; penultimate section of the fourth vein rather

less than half of the length of the ultimate section. Length 5mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. I was at first

386 Professor Williston on the

inclined to identify this species with S. grata from

Brazil, but the brief description shows such discrepancies

that it is hardly possible that the species are identical.

Possibly it is S. octopuncta.

HETERONEURIDA.

HETERONEURA.

Fallen, Agromyzide, 1823.

1, Thorax black tf sas 2

Thorax in large part valtow ad hi piay udtead, Se tom Val beeen tee

2, ‘Tip of antennte black =.) 2. 7s i). 2 9%) 3) flawzpes. nm, sp.

Antenne wholly yellow. . . . . . «. . « Concinna, n. sp.

3. Wings cinereous hyaline... 2). clues > sc) ee cece

Wings largpipart browne.) 9c) cen ner eee ee)

4, Mesonotum wholly yellow infront. . . . . dumbalis, n. sp.

Mesonotum black on the sidesin front . . . . valida, nu. sp.

5. Mesonotum and scutellum black. . . . . pleuralis, n. sp.

Mesonotum and scutellum in large part rauloee wvanthops, vu. sp.

1. Heteronewra wanthops, n. sp.

é, 2. Head, including the proboscis, wholly yellow ; front

and face of equal width, the former widened near the vertex only ;

arista black, long pubescent or short-plumose. Mesonotum shining

black on the sides, a broad stripe, about one-third of the whole

length, beginning at the neck and running to the tip of the

scutellum, light-yellow, the sides of the scutellum brown or

brownish. Pleurz, pectus, and coxe pure light-yellow, lighter

than the yellow of the mesonotum. Abdomen black or dark-

brown, the basal segments yellowish, the thickened under portion

of the hypopygium yellow. Legs yellow, the tarsi slightly

brownish ; middle tibie with a stout spur and a preapical bristle.

Wings clouded with brown on the distal half, less strongly so on

the proximal portion ; penultimate section of the fourth vein one-

fourth or one-fifth the length of the ultimate section, and shorter

than the last section of the fifth vein. Length 3-3} mm,

Five specimens. St. Vincent. A single female

specimen has the mesonotum black, except an elongate

yellow triangle reaching nearly to the scutellum, the

metanotum black, and the abdomen black. Several

males have the black of the mesonotum beginning

further back, and the whole hypopygium yellow. It is

not improbable that there are two distinct species here.

Diptera of St. Vineent (West Indies). 387

2. Heteroneura flavipes, n.sp. (Pl. XIII, fig. 135, wing.)

¢, @. Front gently convex on the sides, the eyes most approxi-

mated immediately below the antenne, and then immediately

receding, Front brown, below red, the narrow orbits more

yellowish. Antennz yellow, the third joint brown or blackish

at the tip ; arista black, finely pubescent. Face, cheeks, and lower

portion of the occiput light-yellow. Thorax black, but little

shining, the pleuree somewhat pitchy-black ; mesonotum covered

with light-coloured pubescence. Abdomen black, with black hairs.

Halteres nearly white. Legs pure light-yellow ; middle femora

with a row of short bristles below ; middle tibize with a strong

spur; all the tibize without distinct preapical bristle. Wings brown,

at the immediate base hyaline, and across the middle subhyaline ;

penultimate section of the fourth vein but little longer than the

posterior cross-vein. Length 3 mm.

Six specimens. St. Vincent. The front is compara-

tively narrow, distinctly less than one-third of the width

of the head.

5. Heteronewra concinna, n. sp-

&, @- Very much like H. flavipes, from which it differs in the

antennz being wholly light-yellow, in the wings being nearly uni-

formly blackish, except the immediate base, and especially in the

presence of distinct preapical bristles on the middle and hind tibiz.

It is also a little smaller.

Four specimens. St. Vincent.

4, Heteroneura pleuralis, n. sp.

$. Head, including the antenne and proboscis, wholly light-

yellow, except a minute spot near the vertex, and the upper part

of the occiput. Arista black, yellow at the base, very finely

pubescent. Mesonotum shining brownish-black, the fine pubes-

cence in an oblique light appearing yellow; pleurze lght-yellow

with a spot of the same colour as the dorsum reaching down in

front of the wings; metanotum dark-brown. Abdomen opaque

black, with black hair, the immediate base yellow. Legs light-

yellow ; hind and middle tibiz with a distinct preapical bristle.

Wings smoky hyaline ; the distal third, as far as the fourth vein,

and a spot covering the cross-veins brown ; penultimate section of

the fourth vein about one-third of the length of the ultimate

section of the fifth vein, and only a little longer than the posterior

cross-vein. Length 2} mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

388 Professor Williston on the

5. Heteroneura valida, n. sp. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 186, wing.)

4, @. Head, including the antennex, proboscis, and occiput,

light-yellow. Arista black, pubescent. Thorax light-yellow,

mesonotum on the sides and behind, and the scutellum, brown or

black, shining ; the yellow extends asa broad stripe to or beyond

the suture. Abdomen black or dark-brown, its base, the ovi-

positor, and the hypopygium yellow. Legs yellow ; middle tibie

with a stout spur and a preapical bristle. Wings cinereous

hyaline ; penultimate section of the fourth vein as long as the last

section of the fifth vein. Length 2} mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

6. Heteroneura lumbalis, n. sp.

¢, 9. Differs from H. valida in the mesonotum being wholly

yellow before the middle, the scutellum and posterior part

wholly black. The arista is distinctly longer pubescent, almost

short plumose. The wings are a little more darkly tinged.

Length 23 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

TRIGONOMETOPUS.

Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., 11., 419, 1835.

1. Trigonometopus rotundicornis, nu. sp. (PI. XIII,

fig. 137, head of 2.)

¢. Head triangular, the face very much receding ; front plane,

horizontal, with three pairs of bristles reaching two-thirds of the

distance to the root of the antenne. Eyes longitudinally oval.

Antenne porrect, the first two joints short, the third rounded, not

longer than broad. Face on either side with a slender groove,

running from the root of the antennz to the back part of the

cheek. Proboscis with large labella; palpi slender. Thorax

elongate ; mesonotum flattened, with bristles in the middle nearly

to the anterior margin ; scutellum flattened, semi-oval, with four

bristles. Abdomen oval, depressed, composed of six segments.

Legs rather stout ; front femora with a row of bristles below ; hind

tibie with a preapical bristle. Auxiliary and basal cells distinct.

Arista bare. Sides of the cheeks with a row of long bristles.

Yellow, opaque. Front a little darker coloured, with black hair.

Antenne reddish-yellow. Face light-yellow. Sides of the frontal

projection somewhat brownish Mesonotum ferruginous, darker

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 389

towards the sides, and forming a sharply-limited brown stripe on

the dorso pleural suture; in the middle a more or less feebly

indicated slender light-coloured line extending on the scutellum.

Abdomen in large part brown, perhaps of post-mortem origin.

Legs light yellow. Wings cinereous hyaline, the narrow costal

margin, extending to the tip of the fourth vein, brown; on the

cross-veins slight indications of clouds. Posterior cross-vein less

than its own length on the fifth vein from the margin of the wing.

Length 43 mm.

Two specimens. This species will be best dis-

tinguished from TJ’, vittatus by the brown costal margin

of the wings.

EPHYDRIDA.

NovipHI.a.

Fallen, Hydromyzide, 1823.

Mesonotum not vittate ; abdomen coffee-brown and grey, opaque,

Mesonotum with numerous small brown dots ; grey spots

of the abdomenirregular. . . . . . . bellula,n.sp.

Mesonotum not with numerous small brown dots ; grey

spots of the abdomen regular . . . . decorata, n. sp.

1. Notiphila decorata, n. sp.

a, @- Front opaque grey, the triangle and the narrow orbits

a little lighter coloured. Antenne black, the third joint at the

base somewhat yellowish. Face, cheeks, and occiput densely light-

grey, opaque. Palpi brownish. Mesonotum and scutellum densely

light-grey, opaque ; the bristles of the mesonotum and scutellum

arise from small black spots, but the hair is shorter than in NV.

bellula and does not arise from small brown dots. Abdomen

opaque dark coffee-brown, with a narrow, complete, median stripe,

and interrupted posterior bands to the second and following seg-

ments nearly white, opaque ; the spots are separated in all save

the last segment from the median stripe by a narrow brown space.

Femora, except the immediate tip, the tibiz in large part, and the

terminal joints of the tarsi, black ; the legs elsewhere yellow.

Wings brownish-hyaline. Length 4 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent.

390 Professor Williston on the

2. Notiphila bellula, n. sp.

&, 2. Front opaque brownish, the large verticai triangle more

yellowish-grey, the narrow orbits grey. Antenne red, the upper

border of the second and third joints brown or blackish. Face,

cheeks, and occiput, for the greater part, densely grey-pollinose.

Palpi light-yellow. Mesonotum densely brownish grey-pollinose,

with numerous small rounded points where the bristles and hairs

arise ; scutellum like the mesonotum. Pleurze and metanotum

densely grey-pollinose ; a small brown spot on the upper part of

the mesopleure. Abdomen light coffee-brown ; the first segment

and a narrow median stripe, and irregular spots on the sides of the

other segments posteriorly opaque grey; the median stripe is

narrow and of equal width throughout. Femora black, with the

tip yellow; front tibiz, except the base and immediate tip, and

the front tarsi black : middle and posterior tibiz and tarsi yellow,

the tibiz more or less brownish in the middle, the tarsi blackish at

the tip. Wings nearly uniformly tinged with brownish-yellowish.

Length 4mm.

Ten specimens. St. Vincent. A closely allied species

in the writer’s collection, from San Domingo, differs in

the presence of distinct stripes on the mesonotum. In

some specimens the irregular grey spots of the abdomen,

nearly subdivide the brown into four series of spots or

stripes.

PARALIMNA.

Loew, Monogr., i1., 138, 1862.

Mesonotum with numerous small brown spots ; abdomen con-

spicuously banded . . . . . . .multipunctata, n. sp.

Mesonotum not spotted ; bands of the abdomen inconspicuous

obscura, Ni. Sp.

1. Paralimna multipunctata, nu. sp.

? ? Paralimna secunda, Schiner, Reise der Novara,

Dipt., 241.—South America.

3, @. Face and cheeks densely greyish white-pollinose, with

a slight shade of yellowish. Clypeus very prominent, of the same

colour as the face; palpi slender, brown. Antenne black, the

third joint in an oblique light with a whitish reflection, the pile on

its upper side long. Front opaque brown ; anteriorly with minute

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 391

blackish dots and of a more greyish colour; on the upper side,

near the eyes, with an elongated, more blackish triangle. Meso-

notum and scutellum greyish-yellowish, with numerous, in part

coalescent, small, dark-brown dots, giving the mesonotum a brown

appearance ; in the middle may be distinguished two entire, narrow,

brown stripes. Pleura and metanotum densely light-grey, without

the dots of the mesonotum. Abdomen opaque, light yellowish-grey ;

second segment with a small, semi-oval, coffee-brown spot on each

side anteriorly, and in the middle a slender incomplete stripe ; third

and fourth segments each with a continuous narrow stripe and on

each side a large semi-oval anterior spot united with it, of the same

coffee-brown colour ; the grey thus forms interrupted cross-bands,

broader on the outer ends ; fifth segment with the spots on the side

small, and the median stripe narrow ; in the female marked lke

the fourth ; fifth segment of the male a little shorter than the pre-

ceding. Legs black, greyish-pollinose ; front metatarsi at the base

and the basal portion of the four posterior tarsi yellow. Wings

lightly tinged ; second section of the costal vein more than twice

as long as the third. Length 3-4 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. This species must

be closely allied to P. appendiculata, Loew, but differs

in lacking the stump of a vein on the fourth vein of the

wing.

2. Paralimna obscura, n. sp.

g, 2. Front opaque dark-brown. Antenne black, the third

joint somewhat yellowish at the base. Face, cheeks and the lower

part of the occiput opaque brownish-grey; proboscis and palpi

black or dark-brown. ‘Thorax throughout nearly uniform deep

brown, moderately shining. Abdomen rather broad, brownish-

black, moderately shining ; the second, third, and fourth segments

with a complete posterior greyish band ; fifth segment in the male

a little longer than the preceding segment; fifth and sixth seg-

ments in the female successively shorter, with an obscure band as

in the preceding segments. Legs deep black throughout. Wings

nearly hyaline; second section of the costal vein nearly three

times the length of the third section ; ultimate and penultimate

sections of the fourth vein of nearly equal length. Length

4 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

392 Professor Williston on the

Discomyza.

Meigen, System. Beschr., vi., 76, 1830.

1. Discomyza dubia, n. sp. (PI. XIII., figs. 1388, wing ;

138a, head of ¢.)

¢. Black, shining. Front, broad above, narrowed below; smooth,

the elongated vertical triangle metallic-green and finely punctulate ;

the anterior part of the front flattened. Antenne black, the third

joint rounded, and with rather long whitish pile on its upper side ;

arista with seven rays ; spine of the second joint moderately strong.

Face much narrowed a little above its middle, gently convex from

side to side and vertically, the lower part much receding, and the

oral opening small ; inthe middle finely punctulate ; on the sides

with coarse wrinkles for its whole length ; moderately shining, not

dusted, its bristles short and small. Clypeus large, much receding,

cheeks narrow. Abdomen flattened, ovate ; fourth segment much

longer than the preceding. Halteres nearly white. Legs black,

the posterior tibiz and all the tarsi, save the distal two joints, yellow.

Wings tinged with brownish ; third section of the costal vein

short, not more than one-third of the length of the second section ;

penultimate section of the fourth vein not one-half the length of

the ultimate section. Length 2 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. This species, in

its small oral opening and large clypeus, is rather

aberrant.

PsInopa.

Fallen, Hydromyzide, 1820.

1. Face shining black or metallic-green. . . . . .-.. 4

Face pollinose. . . a AG) ebaeee

2. A minute blackish spot at ite i of fe rd vein,

nigropuncta, O. sp.

No spot at the tip of the third vein . . ..:.... 38

3: Antennsred/-) 4 5 5. » «4 lols ee Cesmata isp:

Antenne black ... . =. nigra, 0. Sp:

4. Front tarsi deep black ; face shinine blacks . nigrimana, 0. sp.

Front tarsi yellow ; face shining green. . . aciculata, Loew.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 393

1. Psilopa mgra,n.sp. (PI. XIII., fig. 139, head of ?.)

¢. Front and face deep black, the former broader than long, a

little shining ; the latter lightly-dusted, gently and evenly convex

in the middle above, the convexity not reaching to the margin of

the eye, thus forming a concavity for each antenna; face on the

sides below with two stout bristles, the upper one arising very

close to the eye. Antenne black, the third joint oblong ; bristle of

the second joint stout and long ; arista with ten or twelve rays.

Clypeus moderately projecting ; proboscis and palpi black. Thorax

and abdomen black, moderately shining, in an oblique light lightly

yellowish greyish-dusted ; second, third, and fourth segments of

the abdomen of nearly equal length, the fifth a third longer

than the preceding ; in the female the fifth segment of the same

length as the preceding ; the sixth less than half the length of the

fifth. Legs black; all the tarsi yellow, with the distal joints blackish.

Wings greyish or brownish hyaline ; second section of the costal

vein about one-third longer than the third section; ultimate

section of the fourth vein only a little longer than the penultimate

section. Length 3 mm.

‘wo specimens. St. Vincent.

2. Psilopa nigropuncta.

6. Front black, moderately shining, much broader than long.

Antenne black ; third joint oblong ; bristle of the second joint of

moderate size; arista with five rays above. Face densely light

grey-pollinose ; the structure of the upper part as in P. nigra, but

the face narrower; on the lower part with two stout bristles on

each side, the upper one more remote from the eye than in P. nigra.

Thorax and abdomen deep shining black, the scutellum opaque.

Abdomen broad, the fifth segment a little shorter than the fourth.

Legs deep black ; all the tarsi yellow, with the terminal joints

blackish. Wings greyish ; third section of the costal vein a little

more than half the length of the second section; penultimate

section of the fourth vein about one-half the length of the ulti-

mate section; a minute black spot at the tip of the third vein.

Length 2 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

3. Psilopa nigrimana, nu. sp.

¢. Shining black. Front, with a light depression on each side

above the root of the antenne. First two joints of the antennz

black, the third brown, on the inner underside reddish ; spine of

394 Professor Williston on the

the second joint stout; third joint oblong; arista with seven or

eight rays. Face convex above, gently convex from very near the

margin of the eye, the orbital margin being exceedingly narrow ;

on the lower part the face has very fine grooves. Mesonotum and

scutellum thinly yellowish-dusted in an oblique light. Abdomen

deep shining metallic-green ; fourth segment longer than the third,

the fifth about half the length of the third. Legs black; the front

coxe, the base of the front femora, the tip of the four posterior

femora, the four posterior tibize wholly, and the four posterior

tarsi, except the distal joint, yellow; front tarsi stout and deep

black, like their tibiz. Wings greyish hyaline ; third section of

the costa as long as the second. Length 2 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

4, Psilopa aciculata.

Psilopa aciculata, Loew, Monogr., i., 142.—Cuba.

(Pl. XIII., fig. 140, wing.)

$, 9. Head shining metallic-green. Vertical border very

sharp. The bristles of the front are confined to the vertex, two

on the ocellar tubercle and two on each side. The vertical triangle

is bounded by a well-marked groove, its anterior angle truncated

below, just above the base of the antennz, and continuous to the

eyes on the side of the face below. The face is narrower than the

front, the eyes approaching each most at a little distance above

the oral margin ; the face is smooth, gently convex transversely,

and with parallel sides from the grooves, which are continuous

from the front; nearly opposite the narrowest portion there isa

single black bristle on each side. Antenne yellow ; the second

joint above and the third in front, reddish; arista black, with

about six rays. Mesonotumand scutellum bronze-black, but little

shining, finely aciculate ; pleure more shining green-black. Abdo-

men brilliant metallic-green, with coppery reflections ; first seg-

ment very short, the second, third, and fourth successiv2ly longer,

the fifth again short. Legs black, the knees, tip of tibie and all

the tarsi yellow. Wings with a distinct yellowish tinge, the basal

portion obliquely across to about the middle of the anal cell,

blackish; second and third sections of the costal vein of nearly

equal length. Length 2 mm.

Five specimens. St. Vincent. This species is rather

aberrant from other members of this genus in its colour

and structure of the head.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies), 395

5. Psilopa desmata, n. sp.

¢. Face not broad, a little wider below ; gently convex in the

middle above, with a depression below each antenne ; opaque

yellowish-grey ; on either side below with four or five strong

bristles, convergent above. Front broader than the face, opaque

black, thinly brownish-dusted below. Antenne yellowish-red, the

second joint somewhat blackish in front, and with a moderately

strong bristle at its tip ; arista with five rays. Cheeks narrow,

with a row of strong bristles continuous with those of the sides of

the face. Proboscis yellow. Mesonotum deep brown, moderately

shining. Pleure whitish-pollinose. Abdomen black, moderately

shining ; first segment short, the others successively increasing in

length. Femora black, the immediate tip yellow ; tibiw and tarsi

light yellow, the hind tibiz with a blackish ring in the middle.

Halteres yellow. Wings nearly hyaline; second section of the

costal vein of nearly the same length as the third, or slightly

longer. Length 2 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent. “ Near the sea by open

stream.””? It is possible that this species were better

located under Discocerina. The third joint of the

antenne is rounded, but the face can not be said to be

carinate, though the oeeey of the upper part is con-

fined to the middle part.

DIScocERINA.

Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., Suites a Buffon, ii., 527,

1835; Clasiopa, Stenhammer, Monogr. der

Ephydr., 251, 1844.

1, Face silvery-grey with a median black stripe . . nana, n. sp.

Pace UnitOrmeln COlOUMy «atapis ns ta) es 6 a

2. Face vaulted, oral opening very large . . . . ego n. sp.

Oral opening of moderate size

3. Last abdominal segment largely or agit peer -grey

leuceprocta, Loew.

Last abdominal segment not unlike the preceding Siicures n. sp.

1. Discocerina leucoprocta.

? Discocerina leucoprocta, Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeit., 1861,

255; Monogr., North Amer. Dipt:,. z., te

Maryland.

$, 2. Front opaque yellowish-brown, narrowly whitish on

the lower orbital margins. Antenne reddish-yellow, the third

joint orbicular, and blackish on the upper distal part. Face

396 Professor Williston on the

narrowest a little distance below the eyes ; opaque greyish-yellow,

the orbits silvery-grey, becoming broader below ; distinctly keeled

on the upper portion, arched below; on either side, near the silvery

orbit with two or three stout bristles ; cheeks and inferior occi-

pital orbits silvery-grey. Thorax in ground-colour black, opaque

greyish-pollinose, the mesonotum somewhat yellowish or brownish.

Abdomen opaque black, the anterior segments lightly greyish-

pollinose in well-preserved specimens; the fifth segment silvery.

grey, except the tip ; sometimes the grey is confined to the sides

and may also appear on the sides of the preceding segment,

especially in the female ; in the male the abdomen is elongate

conical ; in the female more oval, Femora for the most part

black ; tibiz yellow with the middle portion more or less brown ;

tarsi yellow, the distal joints brownish or brown. Wings cinereous

hyaline; second section of the costa less than twice the length of

the third. Length 1} mm.

Twenty specimens. St. Vincent. The identity of this

species with that which Loew described is somewhat

doubtful. The tibiz in most of the specimens are

yellow, with the hind pair blackish in the middle. In

none of the specimens is the last abdominal segment

wholly silvery-white.

2. Discocerina nana, n. sp.

¢. Face considerably narrower than the front, much receding

on the lower half, moderately carinate above ; densely silvery-

white-pollinose on the sides, leaving a deep black, shining, median

stripe ; the two bristles of the sides not strong. Antenne yellow,

the third joint rounded, blackish on its margin ; arista with five

rays. Front opaque greyish-black, with an elongate median

triangle below the ocelli, and the lateral margins on the lower

half opaque black. Thorax deep shining steel-blue or green.

Abdomen shining black, with slightly coppery reflections. Legs

black, the knees, tips of the tibiz, and all the tarsi light-yellow.

Wings greyish-hyaline ; second section of the costa a half longer

than the third. Length 2 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. The cheeks are

narrow.

8. Discocerina facialis, n. sp. (Pl. XIII., fig. 141,

head of 2.)

¢, 2. Front dark-brown, opaque, the sides gently convex,

except near the vertex. Antenne reddish-yellow, the third joint

orbicular, brownish on the upper margin. Face broadly arched,

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 397

moderately carinate on the upper part, with the cheeks and

occiput silvery-grey ; two moderately strong bristles on each side ;

oral cavity very large. Mesonotum opaque dark-brown : pleure

opaque grey. Abdomen, like the rest of the body, black in

ground-colour, greyish-pollinose ; second, third and fourth seg-

ments of nearly equal length. Legs black; the knees, base and

tip of the front and hind tibie, the middle tibie wholly, and all

the tarsi, save the terminal joint, yellow. Wings cinereous

hyaline; third section of the costa two-thirds the length of the

second section. Length 13-2 mm.

Five specimens. St. Vincent. This species is pecu-

har in the very large oral opening, resembling the forms

placed in the vicinity of Hphydra, from which, however,

it is distinctly separated by the presence of a spinous

bristle at the tip of the second antennal joint.

4, Discocerina obscura, n. sp.

6, 9. Antennz reddish-yellow ; third joint only a little longer

than wide, its upper margin, as also that of the second joint, some-

times narrowly blackish; arista with five pectinations. Face black,

covered with fine white pubescence or dust, which does not wholly

obscure the ground-colour save in an oblique light. Front black,

but mostly concealed beneath fine yellow or brownish-yellow

pubescence. Thorax black, shining through the thin brownish

dust ; pleurze thinly greyish-dusted. Abdomen black, moderately

shining ; oval, the fifth segment of the male much longer than the

preceding one. Legs black, the tip of the tibiz, the knees and the

tarsi light-yellow, the distal joints of the last brownish. Wings

greyish-hyaline ; second section of the costal vein a half longer than

the third. Length 2-24 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

ARTHYROGLOSSA.

Loew, Neue Beitr., vi., 12, 1860.

1. Arthyroglossa nitida, n. sp. (Pl. XIII, fig. 142,

head of ¢.)

6,2. Front wholly shining black, flattened or depressed on

the anterior portion. Antenne black, the third joint somewhat

reddish and pubescent ; arista with six rays. Face deep shining

black, gently convex transversely ; clypeus large, prominent, oval,

convex, shining black like the face. Face on the sides near the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—panrt Ill. (SEPT.) 27

398 Professor Williston on the

lower margin of the eye with wrinkles or rugosities. Thorax deep

shining black, smooth ; scutellum concolorous. Abdomen black,

less shining than the thorax, finely scrobiculate under high magnifi-

cation ; first and fifth segments very short, scarcely visible, the

second and third of nearly equal length, the fourth longer than the

third ; the abdomen is elongate, oval in shape, and is much

flattened. Legs black; the tip of the four posterior tibix, the

first two joints of the front tarsi, and the first three joints of the

other tarsi light-yellow. Wings tinged with brown ; third section

of the costal vein less than half the length of the second section.

Length 24 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent. The species seems to

be a typical Arthyroglossa.

HEcAaMEDE.

Haliday, Aunals Nat. Hist., 11., 224, 1839.

1. Hecamede abdominalis, n. sp.

¢. Front opaque brown, the frontal lunule whitish. Antenne

black, the first two joints whitish above ; third joint orbicular.

Face brown on the upper part, the lower portion, the cheeks and

the posterior orbits silvery-grey ; the orbital space, bounded by

the curved line, exceedingly narrow above, becoming broad below

the eyes; near this line on either side below there are two mode-

rately strong bristles ; face in the middle strongly carinate, or sub-

tuberculate ; clypeus projecting, of the colour of the lower part of

the face. Mesonotum, scutellum, and upper part of the pleurze

opaque dark-brown ; a narrow stripe just above the dcorso-pleural

suture, to the root of the wings, silvery-grey ; lower part of the

pleure and the metanotum grey, all opaque. Abdomen broadly

oval, the first and fifth segments concealed, the fourth long;

opaque silvery grey, the second segment more or less brownish-

grey. Legs black ; all the tarsi, except the terminal joint, yellow.

Wings whitish ; third section of the costa about half the length of

the second section. Length 1} mm.

Five specimens. St. Vincent. Because of the narrow-

ness of the first and fifth segments, the abdomen appears

to be composed of but three segments, the chief charac-

teristic of T'rimerina. However, the same character

appears in some of the species placed under Hecamede,

and while the colorational differences from the known

species of Trivmerina are marked, they very closely

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 399

resemble those of H. lateralis, Loew, from Hurope. I

doubt not that the species belongs wherever H. lateralis

does ; in fact, I am not quite sure that the species may

not be identical, for the deeper colour of the present

species seems to be the chief difference between them.

‘he cheeks cannot be called broad, nor the median carina

“ warzenformig.””

_ Hypre.iia.

Rob. Desvoidy, Myodaires, 790, 1830.

1. Hydrellia parva, n. sp. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 143, wing.)

6. Front broad, distinctly broader than long, somewhat

flattened above the antenne ; opaque brownish-black. Antenne

short, the first two joints blackish, the third blackish above, some-

what reddish below. Arista with six long pectinations on the

upper side, and two or three short ones distally below. Eyes very

closely pubescent. Face opaque, a little more greyish than the

front; in the middle below with a moderate convexity ; on the

sides below with two or three bristles. Clypeus narrow. Cheeks

narrow ; below the eyes with a long, stout bristle, and a smaller

one further back. Thorax short, rounded ; black, but thickly

covered like the front with brownish-greyish dust ; on the pleure

more greyish. Halteres light-yellow. Abdomen black, but little

shining, thinly greyish-dusted. Legs black ; all the tarsi, except

the terminal joint or joints, yellow. Wings greyish hyaline, with

stout black veins ; neuration as in the figure. Length 1 mm., or less.

One specimen. St. Vincent. This species belongs

doubtfully in this genus. ‘he pubescence of the eyes is

exceedingly short and erect, visible only under the

highest magnification.

2. Hydrellia pulchra, n. sp. (Pl. XIII, fig. 144, wing.)

é. Front opaque black, the narrow orbits and the margins of

the large vertical triangle grey. Antenne yellow; third joint

large, longer than wide, convex on its lower border, nearly straight

above, its upper half black; arista with seven or eight pectinations.

Face opaque yellowish-grey ; much narrowed a little above its

middle, with a slender groove running downward from each an-

tenna on the cheek ; between the grooves the narrow space is con-

vex ; below on the sides with two or three fine bristles. Eyes

400 Professor Williston on the

rather long silvery pubescent. Mesonotum opaque dark-brown or

black, with six series of yellowish-grey, more or less irregular

yellowish-grey spots, forming stripes; scutellam opaque black ;

pleure grey-pollinose. Abdomen shining black ; a narrow, yellow

pubescent, interrupted, posterior band on the second and third,

perhaps also on the fourth and fifth segments. Legs yellow ; the

femora except the immediate tip and the last joint of all the tarsi

black ; hind tibiz with a brown ring before its middle. Wings

yellowish hyaline ; an arcuate black band beginning at the tip of

the first vein, which is thickened and deep black, and extending to

the posterior edge of the wing; third section of the costal vein a

little longer than the second. Length 1} mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

HypRINA.

Rob. Desvoidy, Myod., 1830; Philygria, Stenhammer,

Monogr. der Ephydr., 238, 1844.

1. Hydrina nitida, vn. sp. (Pl. XIII., figs. 145, wing ;

145a, head of ¢.)

¢. Front composed almost wholly of the shining black verti-

cal triangle, leaving only a narrow margin opaque black and

silvery. Antenne black; third joint light-yellow on the lower

half, much longer than broad ; arista short pectinate. Face very

narrow, gently convex from side to side, without grooves, receding

below, in colour silver-white ; bristles of the sides below weak ;

inferiorly the sides and the cheeks are shining black. Clypeus

concealed. Eyes very sparsely pubescent. Thorax deep black ;

mesonotum much shining ; scutellum opaque ; the pleurze whitish

dusted. Abdomen shining black ; fourth segment about as long

as the two preceding together. Legs wholly light-yellow as are

also the coxe. Wings yellowish or brownish hyaline ; third

section of the costal vein longer than the second ; penultimate

section of the fourth vein very short, the posterior cross-vein

remote from the border of the wing. Length 1 mm,

One specimen. St. Vincent. Notwithstanding the

pectination of the arista I locate this species under

Hydrina, by reason of the comparative bareness of the

eyes, the structure of the face, and the position of the

posterior cross-vein. Accordmg to the canons of zoologi-

cal nomenclature the genus Hydra and its family ter-

mination Hydringw do not conflict with the name Hydrina,

and it should have priority over Philygria.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 401

2. Hydrina nitifrons, n. sp.

¢@. Front broad and short, wholly shining black. Antenne

yellow ; all the joints blackish on the upper margin ; third joint

more than twice as long as broad, hairy on the upper border;

arista pubescent. Face black, lightly silvery dusted ; convex from

side to side and gently receding below ; bristles of the sides small

and short. Cheeks very narrow. Eyes very sparsely pubescent.

Thorax deep black ; mesonotum and scutellum shining, the pleure

whitish dusted ; the mesonotum has two strong bristles near the

middle, and the scutellum two equally strong ones on its margin,

Abdomen shining black. Legs light yellow, the last two joints of

the tarsi black ; coxee black. Wings nearly hyaline ; third section

of the costa two-thirds the length of the second section; pen-

ultimate section of the fourth vein short. Length 1 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent. In the structure and

markings of the head, except the arista, this species

agrees closely with H. nitida; the face is somewhat

broader. The second section of the costal vein and the

penultimate section of the fourth vein are longer.

OCHTHEROIDEA, h. &.

Small, black species. Eyes bare. Front broad, slightly narrower

in front. Face narrowest a little distance below the antenne,

lightly concave above, and with a shallow depression under each

antenna. Face on each side below slightly wrinkled. Cheeks

broad, the oral cavity rather small. Clypeus projecting. Face and

cheeks wholly without bristles save two or three small ones on the

sides of the former. Second joint of the antenne with a small,

short bristle at its tip ; third joint oval, with a pectinate arista,

Bristles of the vertex and the thorax very short and thin. Abdomen

much flattened, elongate oval; first and fifth segments short, the

others successively increasing in length. Front femora incrassate,

and with a row of short spines on the under distal third; claws

and pulvilli normal; all the tarsi slender. The costa reaches to the

fourth vein ; third and fourth veins parallel. Middle tibiz without

bristles on the outer side.

1. Ochtheroidea atra, n. sp. (PI. XIII, figs. 146, wing ;

146a, front leg of ¢.)

&. Front and face shining, submetallic black. Antenne black,

the third joint whitish pubescent, the arista with five or six rays,

Thorax and abdomen deep opaque, the pleurze moderately shining.

402 Professor Williston on the

Wings smoky hyaline, distinctly clouded at the tip. Legs black ;

the first two joints of the front tarsi and the four posterior tibize

and tarsi, except the terminal joints of the latter, light-yellow.

Length 3 mm.

Twelve specimens. St. Vincent.

OcHTHERA,

Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. xiv., 1804.

l. Ochthera cuprilineata, n. sp. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 148, wing.)

$, @. Front with a large shining black spot, leaving the

lateral and front margins: opaque brown. Antenne black, Face

opaque, light-yellow, with a median, shining black spot. Palpi

light yellow. Cheeks and posterior orbits opaque light-yellow.

Mesonotum and scutellum sub-shining, lightly bronze or brassy,

the former with three dark purple and coppery stripes. Pleurz

lighter, on the lower part shining black. Abdomen metallic-bronze

colour ; in some specimens the second and third segments with a

narrow shining black posterior band, apparently due to the detri-

tion of the metallic covering. Legs black ; the femora with more

or less of the metallic covering, like that of the mesonotum.

Front cox white dusted, with a shining black spot on the outer

side ; front tibize in part, and all the tarsi, save the distal joints

and the swollen hind metatarsi, red. Wings lightly clouded ;

somewhat yellowish on the costa infront. Length 5 mm.

Hight specimens. St. Vincent.

EipHYDRA.

Fallen, Hydromyzide, 1820.

1, Ephydra pygmea, n. sp. (Pl. XIIL, figs. 147, wing ;

147a, head.)

¢, 2. Front opaque velvety black, the large ocellar triangle

shining. Antenne black, the third joint rounded ; arista bare or

very short pubescent. The vaulted portion of the face shining

metallic-green, very lightly yellowish dusted ; border of the mouth

with a number of hairs on each side; otherwise the face is bare,

except some weak bristles on the sides inferiorly. Wings clouded

with blackish grey. Legs black, not at all shining, the tarsi and

portions of the tibia more brownish. Halteres yellow. Hypopy-

gium very small ; fifth segment longer than the fourth. Length

2+ mm.

Fifteen specimens. Perseverance Valley, St. Vincent.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 403

ScATELLA.

Rob. Desvoidy, Myod., 801, 1830.

1. Scatella obscura, n. sp.

4, 9. Black. Face with brownish dust, opaque, the bristles in

front and on the margin moderately long. Bristle of antennz with

long pubescence. Front, thorax, and abdomen (in unrubbed speci-

mens) only a little shining, with brownish dust. Legs black. Wings

smoky, with five small, uniform, rounded, hyaline drops, the first

in the submarginal cell, two in the first posterior cell, and one on

each side of the posterior cross-vein. The costal vein attains the

tip of the fourth vein. Second, third, fourth, and fifth (¢ ) seg-

ments of the abdomen of nearly equal length. Length 2 mm.

Hight specimens. St. Vincent.

ILYTHEA.

Haliday, Annals Nat. Hist., i., 408, 1839.

1. ? Ilythea flavipes, n. sp.

¢. Front short and broad, opaque brown, the black ground-

colour somewhat shining through the dust. Face opaque grey ;

very broad and arched below ; on the upper part gently carinate

in the middle, the carina ending in an angle whence the face

recedes markedly to the oral margin; orbital ridges very narrow ;

across the narrowest part of the face brownish ; on the sides near

the most prominent part of the face with a row of rather weak

bristles ; a single small bristle near the lower border of the eyes ;

otherwise the face is entirely bare. Thorax deep black, shining,

with some metallic reflections; when seen obliquely, with a fine

yellowish pubescence, which is more apparent on the pleure ;

metanotum greyish dusted. Abdomen deep shining black, some-

what metallescent ; broadly oval in shape, the second, third, and

fourth segments of nearly equal length, the fifth longer. Legsyellow,

the tip of the tarsi brownish. Wings nearly hyaline, with narrow

brown spots forming incomplete bands ; the first begins at the end

of the first vein, and reaches to the fourth, and is curved; the

next spot is in the middle of the submarginal cell ; another be-

tween this and the tip of the cell, two others in the first posterior

cell, and the posterior cross-vein is clouded ; second and third

section of the costal vein of nearly equal length. Antenne black,

the third joint on the under-half reddish-yellow ; arista with

eight rays. Length 2 mm.

4.04: Professor Williston on the

Two specimens. St. Vincent. Sea-level. This species

does not fully agree with the characters of [lythea in the

structure of the face, but the differences are not sufficient

to establish a new genus, which would otherwise be

required.

DROSOPHILIDA,.

STEGANA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., vi., 79, 1830.

Front uniformly reddish or yellowish ; legs yellow . tarsalis, n. sp.

Front with a broad, black hour-glass-shaped stripe ; legs for the

most part'blackish., 2-2, = +. 2 = 3 3, (hone, misp:

1. Stegana tarsalis, n. sp. (Pl. XIII., figs. 149, front lee

of 6; 149a, middle tarsus of d6; 149b, palpus;

14.9c, wing.)

@. Front at the anterior end about one-fourth of the width of

the head, at the vertex about one-third ; reddish-yellow, shining.

Antenne yellow, the third joint on the distal half or two-thirds

black ; about three times as long as wide, gradually tapering ;

arista long-plumose. Face, cheeks and occiput, exeept at the upper

part, light-yellow ; palpi yellow, the tip brownish. Mesonotum

and scutellum brownish-red, shining ; scutellum flattened, with a

sharp border; pleurz with a horizontal, deep brown or black stripe,

above which the colour is more like that of the mesonotum, below

which the colour is light-yellow. Abdomen elongate ovate,

brownish-black in colour. Legs light-yellow, all the femora

brownish near the extremity ; second, third, and fourth joints of

the front tarsi much dilated transversely and deep black in colour ;

middle and hind tarsi short and strong, compressed ; hind tibiz

dilated ; front femora with some bristles at the outer part. Wings

deep brown anteriorly, becoming less strong posteriorly ; second

vein nearly parallel with costa for a large part of its length ; third

strongly convex anteriorly; first posterior cell very narrowly open;

ultimate section of the fourth vein not twice the length of the

penultimate section. Length 3 mm.

¢. Third joint of the antenne a little larger ; front tarsi not

dilated and wholly yellow.

So far as I am able to learn from the literature at my

command, but two species of this genus have been

hitherto made known, S. cwrvipennis, Fallen, and S. coleo-

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 405

ptrata, Scop., both European, and both said to occur in

North America, by Loew. In the descriptions of S.

coleoptrata, to which species the above seems closely

allied, no mention is made of the peculiar male tarsi.

2. Stegana hore, n. sp. (PI. XIII., fig. 150, antenna

Ole)

¢. Front narrower above than in S. tarsalis; yellow, with

a broad, black, hour-glass-shaped stripe reaching nearly to the root

of the antenne. Antenne yellow ; third joint except the upper

basal portion, black, rather longer than in 8. farsalis. Face yellow;

cheeks black below the eyes. Proboscis yellow ; palpi black.

Occiput on the lower portion, yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum

deep brown, almost black ; a large spot on the humeri light-yellow.

Pleurz light-yellow with a horizontal black stripe, connected with

the black of the mesonotum near the root of the wings ; below

this stripe there is a narrow yellow one above the black or dark-

brown cox. Abdomen black. Legs deep brown, the knees, the

tip of all the tarsi, the basal portion of the four posterior tibiae, and

all the tarsi light-yellow ; tarsi less compressed than in S. tarsalis ;

middle tibie with a row of bristles on the outer side; front

femora with a few long bristles near the outer end. Wings as in

S. tarsalis. Length 3 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent.

DRosoPHILA.

Fallen, Dipt. Suec., Geomyzid., 4, 1823.

The present collection includes, as is seen, a very large

number of species belonging to this genus. I have

scrutinized them with the utmost care, and have given, I

trust, descriptions which will enable them to be recog-

nized again. I have been able to recognize but a single

species previously described, though it is possible that

there may be others which have been already named.

The difficulty in the determination of the obscurer

coloured species from remote localities, is, however, so

ereat that only a direct comparison of specimens from dif-

ferent habitats will settle the question of their identity.

Two species are included in the list (Nos. 17 and 18)

which may not properly belong to the genus, but which

would in all probability be sought for here.

406 Professor Williston on the

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1, Wings distinctly spotted . ‘ . 2

Wings not spotted . Sugai Sosy kad hott ne. Seu pie aa

2. Front -vittate. ss vole) ac) cae soa) eae ee

Front not vittate So Oe: CaS) et

3. Wings with a blackish spot a ihe: te . . 2 vittatifrons, n. sp.

Wings with the cross-veins clouded . . . .4 annulata, n. sp.

4. Wings variegated’). 2) a. 2s . .1 ornatipennis, n. sp.

Wings with clouds on the cross-veins . . . 3 sororéa, 0. sp.

5. Mesonotum vittate. . . ales City iw” Her cdemagtoday SB bet ats gO

Mesonotum not vittate . . . .- 9

6. Mesonotum deep brown with ro narrow ae, ees

as though continuous with the narrow frontal orbits;

pleure light-yellow. . . . . . . 5 bilineata, n. sp.

Not such marked species. . . atch

7. Tip of the first section of the coe vein lack, 8 Gaacoin en . Sp.

Tip of the costal vein not black . .. . axe)

8. Larger species ; thorax deep brown . . . 6 Gofediaes n. Sp.

Smaller species, thorax yellowish. . . . . 7 bellula,n. sp.

9. Mesonotum deep black ; legs arises cl pcals dle etch ae eal

Mesonotum not deep blank uate SNS eg ccn a Y Sees ale

10. Head and thorax deep aierretblac es Cee alien ps

Pleure in part at least light-yellow. . . . i

11. Head, mesonotum, scutellum and the upper vane of tie

pleurz opaque velvety black. . . . . 9 opaca, n. sp.

Mesonotum and scutellum shining ...... .. 12

12, Abdomen black. . . . . sae) ee Ll pleuralés! asp:

Abdomen with yellow and plaeke markings. 10 thoracis, n. sp.

13. Mesonotum brilliant blue or purple. . . 12 splendida, un. sp.

Mesonotum not shining blue. . . . Mee eae

14 Mesonotum grey, with numerous edt rounded, dark

brown spots. . « « 13 punctulata, Loew

Mesonotum not spotted. . . Me ea)

15. Front legs black, with the far ieee a ornts of ine front

tarsi light-yellow. . . . . . . 14 procnemis, n. sp.

Front legs not black, with the distal joints of the tarsi

VCUOW rar vde tie > 1c OUR SAD ete ken ee re) gk ae

16. Front and face narrow ; the costal vein terminates at the

tip of the third longitudinal vein. . 15 frontalis, n. sp.

Front and face of the usual width ; the costal vein reaches

the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein . . . . . 17

17. Mesonotum in ground-colour black, opaque brownish-

greyish pollinose . . . . . . . 18 pollinosa, n. sp.

Mesonotum shining, reddish or yellowish, . . . . . . 18

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 407

18. Third section of the costal vein nearly as long as the

second ; front metallic-blue at the vertex

16 verticis, n. sp.

Third section of the costal vein not more than one-half of

the length of the second section ; front not at all

blue". ee og

19. Wings distinctly elouded alone he anterior part

19 limbata, un. sp.

Wings uniformly yellowish or brownish hyaline . . . 20

20. Third section of the costal vein short, not longer than the

penultimate section of the fourth vein, the second

and third veins nearly parallel . . . . 21

Third section of the costal vein distinctly longer ‘Hen fie

penultimate section of the fourth vein, the second

and third veins not atall parallel . . . . . . . 22

21. Small, more yellowish species. . . . . . 21 sémilis, n. sp.

Larger, more brownish species. . . . . . 22 dllota,n. sp.

22. Light-yellow species, the abdomen with brownish bands

20 pallida, n. sp.

Reddish-brown, the abdomen black. . . . 23 nana, n. sp.

1. Drosophila ornatipennis, n. sp. (Pl. XIII., fig. 151,

wing.)

2, @. Front broad, light-yellow above, somewhat orange-

yellow below. Remainder of head yellow. Third joint of the

antennz oval ; face carinate. Mesonotum opaque-yellow, with six

narrow dark-brown stripes, the middle pair coalescent, and the

outermost ones connected at the suture with the adjacent ones.

Abdomen opaque, deep brown, with interrupted grey cross-bands.

Legs yellow ; femora sometimes infuscated. Wings variegated ; a

blackish spot at the proximal end of the submarginal and the first

basal cells, including also the outer part of the costal cell; one on

the anterior cross-vein ; a narrow one on the posterior cross-vein

and outer part of the fifth vein ; a larger one about the middle of

the second section of the costal vein, reaching to the third vein,

and continues less deeply coloured in the anterior portion of the

first basal cell with that on the posterior cross-vein, and more

or less completely with ones on the outer ends of the second, third

and fourth veins, the colour surrounding these spots is more purely

hyaline, in the posterior cells and anal angle, subhyaline. Length

2 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

408 Professor Williston on the

2. Drosophila vittatifrons, n. sp. (Pl. XIII, fig. 152,

wing.

3, ¢. Front about one-third of the width of the head, a little

broader above ; yellow, the slender shining median triangle reach-

ing two-thirds of the distance to the root of the antenne, on

either side of which there is a deep brown or black stripe, the two.

convergent anteriorly. Antenne yellow, third jomt somewhat

brownish, and elongate oval in shape. Face pallid-yellow, in the

middle with a very prominent carina ; cheeks with a brownish spot

below the eyes. Palpi blackish at the tip; proboscis and the

lower portion of the occiput, yellow. Mesonotum shining yellow

with six slender brown stripes, the median pair separated by a line,

the outer ones not continued in front of the suture ; more out-

wardly in front, on either side there is a slender strigula reaching

as far as the suture. Pleurz and legs wholly yellow. Abdomen

black, the immediate base yellowish ; the narrow lateral margin of

the second and third segments, and the fourth and fifth except a

median triangle, yellow. Wings nearly hyaline ; a blackish sub-

quadrate spot at the tip of the wing, in the submarginal and first

posterior cell, reaching from the tip of the second to the tip of the

fourth vein ; second section of the costal vein more than twice

the length of the third section. Length 1}?-2 mm.

Numerous specimens. With these specimens there

are several in which the front is yellow or brownish-yel-

low, and the spot at the tip of the wing is apparent only

as a blackish cloud. ‘They appear to be immature

specimens.

3. Drosophila sororia, n. sp.

&, 9. Head and antenne yellow, opaque ; front rather more

than one-third of the width of the head, a little broader above;

arista with only a few rays. Thorax light reddish-yellow, opaque.

Abdomen reddish-brown or blackish, probably in life with black

hind margins to the segments. Legs wholly yellow. Wings

lightly tinged with blackish, more noticeable along the costa and at

the tip; a rather broad, dark cloud on the cross-veins, and indis-

tinct clouds on the veins at the tip of the wing, that of the second

vein, however, distinct; third section of the costal vein short;

posterior cross-vein straight. Length 14 mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 409

4, Drosophila annulata, n. sp.

¢, @. Front less than one-third of the width of the head;

silvery-grey and opaque black. Antenne reddish-yellow, the first

joint above, and the third at the base, blackish. Face blackish,

greyish dusted; median carina yellowish, nose-like, subsulcate.

Mesonotum opaque coffee-brown, with narrow, irregular, yellowish-

grey markings. Scutellum darker brown, its basal angles and the

apex greyish. Abdomen black, the narrow angles of the segments

yellow, forming more or less complete bands, and a narrow yellow

stripe in the middle of the posterior segments. Femora, except

the yellow tip, dark brown; tibize yellow, with a basal and terminal

brown ring ; tarsi yellow. Wings subhyaline, with blackish clouds

on the cross-veins, and a black spot at the tip of the first section of

the costal vein. Length 24 mm.

Fifteen specimens. St. Vincent.

‘5, Drosophila bilineata, n. sp.

6. Front of equal width, not widened above; opaque velvety

black, the orbits and a slender median line opaque yellowish-grey.

Face light yellow, on the sides above dusted like the frontal orbits.

Cheeks and the dilated palpi black, the cheeks yellow behind.

Face distinctly receding, carinate in the middle. Antennz brown-

ish-yellow or brown, the third joint more than twice as long as

wide ; arista with about five rays above and three below.

Occiput black above. Mesonotum and scutellum opaque deep

brown, the former with two narrow stripes, not reaching the hind

margin, and appearing like continuations of the frontal orbits.

Pleurz light-yellow. Abdomen oval, not elongate ; opaque deep

brown or black, the fifth segment, except sometimes a small spot

in the middle, the remainder of the abdomen, and the narrow

lateral margin of all the segments yellow. Legs light-yellow.

Wings greyish hyaline; ultimate section of the fourth vein not

twice the length of the penultimate section. Length 12 mm.

Three specimens. St. Vincent.

6. Drosophila coffeata, n. sp.

3, 2. Dark coffee-brown. Front at the lower part a little

less than one-third of the width of the head, with two opaque,

anteriorly convergent, velvety black stripes. Basal joints of the

antenn yellowish, the third joint brownish on its margin, only a

little longer than broad; arista with four rays above. Face yellow,

410 Professor Williston on the

brown in the middle ; strongly carinate. Mesonotum with three

inconspicuous whitish stripes in front. Scutellum black, brownish

pollinose in an oblique light. Pleure nearly black. Abdomen

black or brownish-black. Legs luteous. Wings tinged with

brownish; ultimate section of the fourth vein not twice the length

of the penultimate section; third section of the costal vein less

than half the length of the second section. Length 3-4 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

7. Drosophila bellula, n. sp.

&, @. Front broader above; the orbits yellowish, in the

middle a large truncated triangle brown, the inner portion of

which—the vertical triangle—lighter coloured, or yellow. Antenne

yellow, the base in the larger part of the short third joint blackish;

arista pectinate above and below. Face and cheeks yellow, the

former carinate. Mesonotum brown, with three greyish-yellowish

stripes, the middle one broader and more diffuse in front, narrow

behind. Scutellum brownish, yellowish on the borders. Pleurz

brown, with two slender yellowish stripes. Abdomen black or

dark brown, the segments with a more or less narrow yellowish

anterior border. Legs yellow. Wings yellowish hyaline ; second

section of the costa about three times the length of the third

section. Length 2 mm.

Hight specimens. St. Vincent.

8. Drosophila fasciola, n. sp.

¢@, @. Front broader above ; the orbital margins yellowish (at

their lower part a brownish spot); two convergent brown stripes,

within which the vertical triangle is lighter coloured ; the front is

wholly opaque. Antennz yellowish; the short third joint brown

at the base. Face yellowish, the thin median carina nose-like, not

appreciably sulcate. Cheeks brown. Mesonotum opaque greyish-

yellowish, with incomplete brown stripes and irregular spots ; in

the middle behind, the brown forms a large triangle, bisected by a

slender yellowish line. Scutellum opaque yellowish, brownish

towards its base ; the four bristles each arise froma small blackish

spot. Pleuree brown, yellowish vittate. Abdomen brown, the

segments yellow or yellowish in front. Wings yellowish hyaline ;

tip of the first section of the costa black ; third section of the

costa not one-half the length of the second section. Legs yellow ;

base of all the femora brown or blackish ; all the tibize with a

proximal and distal brown ring. Length 2 mm.

Five specimens.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Al}

9. Drosophila opaca, n. sp.

@, 2. Front broad, more than one-third of the width of the

head, considerably broader above ; deep opaque black. Antennz

reddish-brown or blackish, the third joint more or less blackish on

the upper margin ; second joint tumid, with two or three bristles;

third joint about twice as long as wide; arista with long rays,

about eight in number, on the upper side. Face black, lightly

dusted ; cheeks narrow. Palpi black. Mesonotum and scutellum

wholly deep opaque, velvety black. Pleurze opaque black, yellow

below, a slender yellow line along the dorso-pleural suture. Halteres

yellow. Abdomen opaque black and light-yellow; the first seg-

ment yellow; the next three segments yellow, with the sides

black, extending more or less across the hind margin, and leaving

the yellow as a semi-oval space; fifth segment yellow, with a

posterior band ; sixth segment yellow. Legs, including the cox,

wholly light-yellow. Wings with a distinct brownish tinge ; pen-

ultimate section of the fourth vein about one-half the length of

the ultimate section ; the third vein terminates at the extreme tip

of the wing ; third section of the costal vein more than one-half

the length of the second section. Length 14 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

10. Drosophila thoracis, n. sp.

@. Front a third of the width of the head, broader above ;

opaque or brown or black, the narrow orbits and median triangle

shining. Antenne Ilutescent yellow, the third joint a little

blackish and rather elongate. Face luteous yellow, distinctly

carinate above, the oral margin narrowly blackish. Cheeks yellow

behind. Proboscis yellow. Mesonotum shining deep brown or

nearly black. Scutellum black, shining. Uppermost part of the

pleurz, near the dorso-pleural suture, black, below light-yellow ;

metanotum nearly black. Abdomen shining black, the middle of

the first and second segments, anterior border of the fourth and

fifth segments and the ovipositor, yellow; third segment yellow

with a narrow, interrupted black band. Venter and legs light

yellow. Wings yellowish hyaline; the third costal section two-

thirds of the length of the second section. Length 2 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent. ‘In fungi.”

11. Drosophila pleuralis, n. sp.

¢. Front yellow below, on the upper part blackish.

Antenne reddish or yellowish, the third joint more or less in-

fuscated and rather long; arista with five rays above. Face,

A412 Professor Williston on the

cheeks, and the lower part of the occiput light-yellow; facial

carina small. Mesonotum and seutellum deep shining black or

nearly black. Pleurz and legs wholly light-yellow. Abdomen

black, moderately shining, the fifth segment on the sides and the

venter yellow. Wings nearly hyaline, the third section of the

costal vein little more than one-half the length of the second

section ; penultimate section of the fourth vein about one-third

the length of the ultimate section. %, Length 2 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

12. Drosophila splendida, n. sp.

¢, 2. The large frontal triangle metallic-blue, the sides more

brownish and the frontal lunile yellow. Antenne yellow, the

third joint somewhat brownish ; arista thickly and long plumose.

Face opaque yellow, somewhat blackish in the concavities, with a

slight median carina. Mesonotam brilliant deep metallic-blue ;

scutellum deep opaque black; pleure black but little shining.

Abdomen black, the basal segments more or less yellow, apparently

in life with distinct markings. Legs yellow ; all the femora more

or less black. Wings greyish or yellowish hyaline ; third section

of the costal vein two-thirds the length of the second section.

Anal cell incomplete. Length 2mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent.

13. Drosophila punctulata.

Drosophila punctulata, Loew, Centur., i1., 100.—Cuba.

Four specimens. St. Vincent.

14. Drosophila procnemis, n. sp.

@. Front broad, broader above; opaque yellow, the narrow

orbits greyish, Antenne yellow, the third joint brownish ; arista

with three or four rays above and two below. Face and cheeks

yellow, the former not carinate, the latternarrow. Thorax shining

reddish-yellow, with black hair. Abdomen rather elongate, deep

shining black. Legs yellow, the front femora for the most

part, the front tibize and the front metatarsi deep brown

or black, the remaining joints of the front tarsi light-yellow.

Wings tinged with greyish ; the third and fourth veins are gently

convergent, the former terminating at the tip of the wing ; the

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). A13

third section of the costal vein is about three-fourths the length of

the second section, and the penultimate section of the fourth vein

about one-third the length of the ultimate section ; costal cell

infuscated ; anal cellcomplete. Length 2 mm.

Four specimens. The wings are whitish at the tip.

15. Drosophila frontalis, n. sp.

é, 9. Front narrow, more than twice as long as wide, less

than one-third of the width of the face, of equal width above and

below, and not wider than the face ; opaque light-yellow, in some

specimens with a shade of brown above. Third joint of the

antenne fully twice as long as wide. Antenne, face, and lower

part of the occiput light-yellow, the occiput elsewhere blackish ;

cheeks linear ; face not carinate. Mesonotum and scutellum light

reddish-yellow, moderately shining. Pleure light-yellow. Abdomen

yellow or light reddish-yellow, rather elongate ; the second seg-

ment, except the narrow front margin, the third and fourth

segments each with three spots, of which the median one is the

larger, black ; fifth segment of the female small, with a black spot

on each side. Legs wholly light-yellow. Wings yellowish or

greyish hyaline; third section of the costal vein less than half the

length of the second section ; penultimate section of the fourth

vein less than half the length of the ultimate section ; the costal

vein terminates at the tip of the third vein. Length 2} mm,

Hight specimens. St. Vincent.

16. Drosophila verticis, n. sp.

Q-. Front very broad above ; yellow, the vertical stripes and a

stripe or spot near the orbits, metallic-blue ; lower part of the

front wholly yellowish. Antennz yellow, the third joint brown ;

arista with long rays above and below. Face yellow, flat, not

carinate. Mesonotum shining reddish-yellow ; scutellum opaque

brown on its upper surface. Pleure more brown. Abdomen

apparently yellow, with brown posterior bands to the segments.

Legs yellow. Wings nearly hyaline ; third section of the costal

vein two-thirds or more the length of the second section; anal

cell incomplete, the vein closing the cell outwardly indistinct or

wanting. Length 2 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—part ut. (sEpr.) 28

414 Professor Williston on the

17. Drosophila, sp. ?. (Pl. XIV., fig. 153, wing.)

g. Deep shining black. Front very broad, broader than long.

Antenne blackish; third joint narrow and pointed. Face not

more than half the width of the front, gently convex in the middle,

the narrow orbits, the inferior margin and the cheeks greyish

dusted. Legs, including the front cox, wholly light-yellow.

Wings nearly hyaline; third costal section a little longer than

the second. Length 2 mm.

One specimen. “ Union Is., Oct.”

18. Drosophila pollinosa, un. sp.

¢. Black in ground-colour, thickly pollinose. Front longer

than broad, only a little broader above; densely yellowish-grey

pollinose, with four rows of bristles, the median ones not extend-

ing quite as far as the orbital ones. Antenne reddish-yellow,

the third joint rounded, the arista with but few rays on the upper

side. Face greyish-pollinose, like the front, flat or with a slight

carina above ; vibriss present ; cheeks not broad. Thorax densely

pollinose, the mesonotum and scutellum yellowish-grey, the pleura

more grey ; apex of the scutellum reddish. Abdomen black, yel-

lowish-grey dusted. Legs reddish-yellow. Wings nearly hyaline ;

anterior cross-vein situated before the insertion of the first vein ;

third section of the costal vein only a little shorter than the

second section Halteres yellow. Length 2 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent. In all probability the

present species belongs among the Hphydridx, but the

very flat face and the presence of vibrisse will lead one

to search for the species in this genus. The presence of

the additional row of frontal bristles, the few rays to the

antennal arista, the small carina, and the partial absence

of the anal cell are all characters out of accordance

with those of this genus, as well as the general colourmg

of the species.

19. Drosophila limbata, n. sp.

4, ¢. Head, thorax and legs yellow or reddish-yellow, but

little or not at all shining ; third joint of the antennz brownish ;

face carinate. Abdomen yellow, with a posterior black band to the

segments, the bands broader in the middle and narrow at the sides.

Wings distinctly clouded with blackish along the front border,

filling out the costa, marginal and submarginal cells, and reaching

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 415

the middle of the first posterior cell; behind, the wing is dis-

tinctly lighter coloured, but not hyaline; on the posterior cross-

vein there is an indistinct cloud ; third section of the costal vein

about one-third the length of the second section. Length 2 mm.

Twelve specimens. St. Vincent.

20. Drosophila pallida, n. sp.

3, @- Yellow, not shining, the mesonotum light reddish-

yellow and a little shining ; face obtusely carinate above, not

nose-like. Abdomen reddish-yellow, with a narrow brownish

posterior border to the segments. Front broad, broader above.

Wings distinctly yellowish ; second section of the costal vein fully

twice the length of the third section. Length 13 mm.

Twelve specimens. St. Vincent. In most of the

specimens the narrow brown bands of the abdomen are

visible, but in some the whole abdomen is brown. The

penultimate section of the fourth vein is very nearly equal

to one-half the length of the ultimate section. A single

female specimen agrees in other respects but has the

third costal section about three-fourths the length of the

second section and the penultimate section of the fourth

vein not more than one-third the length of the ultimate

section.

21. Drosophila similis, n. sp.

&, 9. Very much like D. pallida, but is larger, and the.

third section of the costal vein is very short, not longer than the

penultimate section of the fourth vein. The second and third

veins are parallel through nearly their whole length, and the second

vein is unusually long. In most of the specimens the abdomen is

brown, but in some there are black or brown bands as in D. pallida.

The colour is reddish-yellow, sometimes more purely yellow.

Length 2-25 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

22. Drosophila illota, n. sp.

¢. Yellowish or brownish-red, the abdomen brown or blackish,

the legs yellow. Front as broad or broader than long, a little

wider above, opaque brownish or ochraceous yellow, the ocellar

tubercle blackish. Third joint of the antennz twice as broad as

long, blackish ; arista with two or three rays on the under side.

416. Professor Williston on the

Face more yellowish, in the middle with a strong, obtuse carina,

leaving a deep depression on each side in which is lodged the

antenna. Palpi and proboscis yellowish. Mesonotum a little

shining. Abdomen more reddish toward the base. Wings with

a brownish tinge ; penultimate section of the fourth vein about

one-half as long as the ultimate section; posterior cross-vein

nearly as long as the ultimate section of the fifth vein; third

section of the costa not half the length of the second section.

Length 24 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent.

23. Drosophila nana, n. sp.

8, ¢. Front a little broader above ; brown, somewhat yellow-

ish below. Autennz yellow, the third joint oval, brownish. Face

obscure yellowish-brown ; carina small, low, confined to the upper

part of the face. Arista with four or five rays above and two long

ones below. Mesonotum yellowish-brown, shining ; pleure more

blackish. Abdomen oval, black, shining. Legs lutescent yellow.

Wings yellowish hyaline; third section of the costal vein more

than one-half the length of the second section; anal celi incom-

plete, its outer cross-vein indistinct. Length 1? mm.

Six specimens. St. Vincent.

PuHormIca.

Penile Wien. ent. Monatschr., vi., 1862. Amzota, Loew,

Centur., ii., 93, 1862.

1. Phortica scutellaris, n. sp.

2. Front opaque black, brownish pollinose, a little wider pos-

teriorly, less than one-third the width of the head. Antenne

brownish-yellow or yellow, the first two joints brownish ; arista

long plumose. Face flattened, grey. pollinose. Thorax black,

thinly greyish-yellowish pollinose and but little shining; scutellum

flattened, opaque-black. Abdomen black or brownish-black, more

or less yellowish in the middle and at the tip; venter yellow.

Legs wholly light-yellow. Wings greyish hyaline, distinctly

pubescent ; cross-veins approximated, the penultimate section of

the fourth vein scarcely as long as the first section of the third

vein ; second and third veins nearly parallel, the distance between

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 417

their tips not twice as great as that between the tips of the fourth

and third veins,

4. Second, third, and fourth joints of the front tarsi dilated,

the first joint stout; the whole tarsi and the tip of the tibie

blackish.

Length 2 mm.

Five specimens. St. Vincent. I refer this species

with some doubt to the present genus, as it does not

have the typical markings of Phortica. There is a com-

plete posterior basal cell ; otherwise the species resemble

those of Drosophila. The oral vibrissee are weak.

The bristles of the front are strong and reach nearly

to the oral margin; there is no preapical bristle to the

hind tibize.

OSCINIDA.

ELACHIPTERA,

Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. Suites a Buffon, 11., 621,

1835; Crassiseta, Von Roser, Verh. Wurtt. Dipt.

Nachtrag, 1849.

1. Elachiptera flavida, n. sp.

2, @. light reddish colour, the arista black, and the legs

more purely yellow. Vertical triangle large, reaching nearly to

the root of the antenne, shining. Head usually a purer yellow

than the mesonotum and abdomen. Mesonotum shining. Scu-

tellum trapezoidal, with two moderate-sized bristles on the angles.

Abdomen of some specimens brownish, probably from desiccation,

Wings hyaline, with a slight yellowish tinge ; third section of

the costal vein only a little shorter than the second. Length

2-2} mm.

Ten specimens, St. Vincent.

HIPPELATES.

Loew, Centur., iii., 67, 1863.

1. Proboscis elongate, folding backwards (Siphomyia) . . . 9 2

Proboscis not elongate . . . ae Me ee:

2. Thorax black, thinly greyish dusted. . . proboscideus, n, sp.

Thorax yellow, the mesonotum, except on the sides and.

behind, black, thickly yellowish dusted’ . dorsatus, n. sp.

A18 Professor Williston on the

3. Thorax shining black .

Thorax not wholly black sa! SE cee URES er Oe

4. Thorax reddish-yellow; front black; second and third

sections of the costal vein of nearly equal length

equalis, n. sp.

Mesonotum brown or blackish; front yellow, with a

moderate-sized brown triangle; second section of

the costal veia much longer than the third

dorsalis, Loew.

5. Scutellum black ; third section of the costal vein much

shorter than the second. . . . . . . flavipes, Loew.

Scutellum reddish ; second and third sections of the costa

of nearly equallength . . . . . . scutellaris, n. sp.

1. Hippelates (n. subg., Siphomyia) proboscideus, nu. sp.

é. Front opaque yellow, the vertical triangle black, but

covered with light greyish dust, leaving a small, rounded, shining

spot near the ocelli. The triangle reaches to about the middle of

the front, and its sides are nearly equilateral ; a row of small

bristles on either side reaches to below the middle of the front.

Antenne, face, cheeks and palpi wholly yellow ; on either side of

the oral margin in fronta small vibrissal bristle. Proboscis slender,

elongate, bent near its middle and turned back, its slender proximal

portion a little shorter than the length of the head. Cheeks rather

broad. Palpi cylindrical, a little broader toward the end. Thorax

black, thickly greyish dusted, the mesonotum with three, slender,

indistinct lines; the pleura shining black on the lower portion.

Scutellum oval, with two bristles on its border. Abdomen red or

brownish-red ; in some specimens reddish-brown with yellowish

incisures. Legs wholly light-yellow ; spur of the hind tibie long

and stout. Wings cinereous hyaline; third section of the costa

short. Length 2 mm.

T'en specimens. St. Vincent. This and the following

species, while agreeing sufficiently well in the other

characters with the genus Hippelates, I have thought

well to distinguish subgenerically from the other species

by the name Siphomyia, on account of the elongate

proboscis. Others of the previously described species

evidently belong to the same subdivision.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 419

2. Hippelates (Siphomyia) dorsatus, n. sp.

@. Front opaque yellow, the minute ocellar spot brownish.

Antenne yellow, the third joint a little brownish in front ; arista

brown, slender, bare. Face, cheeks, proboscis and palpi yellow ;

proboscis elongate, the labella slender and turned backward.

Mesonotum, except on the sides and posterior margin, black, but

largely concealed beneath light-yellow dust; thorax elsewhere

yellow, opaque. Scutellum convex, yellow, with two small,

approximated bristles at the tip. Abdomen yellow, the second,

third and fourth segments with three series of black, subconfluent

spots, of which the middle ones extend furthest back. Legs light-

yellow ; spur of the hind tibize very long, curved and black.

Wings nearly hyaline ; second sectiou of the costal vein nearly

twice the length of the third section. Length 22 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

3. Hippelates equalis, n. sp.

g, @. Front broad; the very large shining black triangle

extends to near the root of the antenne ; remainder of the front

opaque black. Antenne, face, and the very narrow cheeks yellow.

Occiput black. Thorax light reddish-yellow, the mesonotum

shining. Scutellum flattened subquadrate, the marginal bristles

remote from each other on the angles. Abdomen reddish-yellow,

the distal segments somewhat obscure. Legs wholly light-yellow;

spur of the hind tibie long, curved and black. Wings greyish

hyaline ; second and third sections of the costa of nearly equal

length. Length 2 mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent. This species “is

related to H. pallidus, Loew, but will be distinguished

by the colour ot the front.

4, Hippelates dorsaits.

Hippelates dorsalis, Loew, Centur., viii., 75.—Cuba.

$, @- Front broad, light-yellow opaque ; vertical triangle

reaches to about midway, and is shining black or dark red, some-

times partially concealed beneath greyish dust. Third joint of the

antenne large, rounded ; on its upper part black, below yellow .

The. face, the moderately broad cheeks, and the palpi yellow, the

proboscis block. Thorax reddish-yellow, the mesonotum black or _

420 ‘Professor Williston on the

brown, moderately shining and with feebly marked linear stripes.

Scutellum reddish-yellowish ; oval, convex, and with approximated

apical bristles. Abdomen reddish or yellowish at the base,

becoming brownish distally. Legs reddish or lutescent yellow, the

tarsi brownish distally. Wings nearly hyaline; third section of

the costa but little more than half the length of the second

section. Length 2 mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent.

5. Hippelates flavipes.

Hippelates flavipes, Loew, Centur., vi., 95.—Cuba.

A large series of specimens from St. Vincent agree

with the description of this species so closely that there

can be no question of their identity. With them, how-

ever, there is yet a larger number which show such

discrepancies that their specific identity is somewhat

doubtful. I give herewith a description of the variety

or species, whichever it may be.

3, 2. Front opaque black or dark brown on the sides ; on the

lower third, from the tip of the very large shining black triangle,

opaque yellow. Antennz yellow, the upper part of the third joint

blackish ; arista black, bare. Face and cheeks yellow, the former

with a large notch in front, which is margined with brown. Meso-

notum shining black, with black pubescence; scutellum opaque,

convex, and with a pair of approximated bristles at the apex.

Pleure shining black. Abdomen black; the base, the venter, and

the ovipositor yellow or yellowish. Halteres light-yellow. Legs,

including the front cox, light-yellow; hind femora for the greater

part black, the middle femora and hind tibiz sometimes blackish.

in the middle. Length 13-2 mm.

In yet another large series the legs are almost wholly

black, save the tarsi, and the antennz are wholly black,

6. Hippelates scutellaris, n. sp.

¢. Front yellow, including the lower part of the very large,

shining black triangle, which reaches very nearly to the base of the

antenne. Antenne reddish-yellow; the arista black and very

finely pubescent. Eyes sparsely, but distinctly, pubescent. Face

yellow, somewhat blackish in the middle, Cheeks very narrow.

Palpi yellow. Mesonotum wholly shining black,-not pollinose. |

Diptera of St. Vencent (West Indies). 421

Scutellum reddish, blackish at the base, its straight distal margin

with tworather remote bristles. Pleurs reddish-yellow. Abdomen

elongate; shining black, at its base obscurely reddish. Legs yellow,

the hind tibiz somewhat, and the last two joints of the tarsi, brown.

Wings nearly hyaline; third section of the costa as long as the

second section. Length 23 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

OscINIs.

Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxiv., 196, 1804.

1. Scutellum elongated, triangular, pointed .-. . . . . . 2

Scutellum oval, convex . . Pee pte ere i

2. Seutellum wholly light- Sane mesonotuta black in the

middle, yellow on the sides . . . . triangularis, n. sp.

Scutellum black, yellow at the eh mesonotum wholly

blgek. 39 3 as . . apicalis, n. sp.

3. Second section of the Peetal vein not ae the length of

the third). . < ; 6

Second section of the conta vein fally twice tite length of

the third . 4

4, Antenne yellow. aH ee eh toc Wk

Antenne black . . . . 2 a. | furynsspe

5. Mesonotum black, greyish- yellowish dusted . . ineipiens, n. sp.

Mesonotum yellow, with four narrow brown stripes,

quadrilineata, n. sp.

Oe Thorax yellow, shining; 750% “28 >. . 9 + <*mitis, nisp:

Thorax not shining, yellow. . , bbe

7. Thorax shining black, front mostly chaning blacks: sy MSUERS

Thorax opaque, vittate; front opaque. . . . . nana, n. sp.

8. Front tarsi yellow ; scutellar bristles approximated, third

joint of the antenne largely yellow. . . concinna, n. sp.

Front tarsi black ; antenne black . . . . . . . anonyma,

1. Oscinis triangularis, n, sp. (Pl. XIV.,, fig. 153a, wing.)

3, ¢. Eyes densely pubescent. Front narrow, not one-third

of the width of the head ; opaque yellow, a minute black spot at

the ocelli ; the small frontal triangle shining. Antenne yellow.

Face, the narrow cheeks, the palpi, and the proboscis light-yellow.

Thorax light-yellow, with light-yellow hair; mesonotum with

three broad, coalesced or coalescent black stripes, the middle one

of which extends further forward than the others. Pleurz witha

422 Professor Williston on the

small, round, black spot above the middle cox. Scutellum large,

nearly equilaterally triangular, with its apex rounded and pro-

vided with two approximated bristles; wholly light-yellow.

Metanotum and the abdomen, except the immediate base, shining

black ; venter yellow. Legs yellow; front tibize and tarsi brown

or brownish ; the distal two joints of the hind tarsi in the ¢ black.

Wings greyish hyaline; third section of the costa about two-

thirds the length of the second section ; third and fourth veins

parallel. Length 2+ mm.

Five specimens. St. Vincent, Leeward side, 500-

1000 feet.

2. Oscinis apicalis, n. sp.

Eyes distinctly pubescent. Front opaque reddish-yellow, the

large vertical triangle deep shining black, its anterior point reach-

ing about two-thirds of the distance to the root of the antenne.

Antenne reddish-yellow, the upper margin of the third joint

brownish; arista black, finely pubescent. Face, cheeks, and

clypeus black. Palpi reddish-yellow. Mesonotum deep black,

moderately shining, finely punctulate. Scutellum elongate, tri-

angular, pointed ; black, its apical one-third light-yellow ; there

are two upright, small bristles at the tip, and on either side a

minute tubercle. Pleuree shining black.. Abdomen shining black,

the venter yellowish. Halteres nearly white. Legs, not including

the cox, wholly light-yellow. Wings greyish hyaline; third

section of the costa not more than one-half the length of the second

section; second, third, and fourth veins parallel. Length 2 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent. ‘Forest, 1800 feet,

W. slope of Sonfriere, Sept. 23.”

5. Oscinis quadrilineata, n. sp.

S$, 9. Eyes pubescent. Front opaque yellow, with a small

brown spot between the ocelli ; vertical triangle small, but little

shining. Antenne yellow, the third joint brown on its front

margin. Face, cheeks, and palpi yellow. Thorax yellow, the

mesonotum with four narrow brown stripes, not shining, the

median pair more narrowly separated. Scutellum light-yellow.

Metanotum and abdomen black, the latter at its immediate base

yellow ; venter yellow. Legs yellow. Wings nearly hyaline ;

third section of the costa scarcely one-half the length of the second

section. Length 2 mm.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 4.23

Four specimens. St. Vincent. The abdomen varies

much in colour, from reddish-yellow to black, and the

antennze may be wholly yellow. There are numerous

rather short stubbly bristles on the lateral and posterior

margins of the mesonotum and on the margin of the

scutellum, which are highly characteristic of the

species.

4, Oscinis anonyma, n. sp.

&, 9. Front opaque black on the side, with a large shining

black triangle, reaching nearly to the root of the antenne.

Antenne wholly black, the arista very finely pubescent. Face

black ; cheeks yellow. Thorax deep shining black. Scutellum

convex, black, with two strong, rather remote bristles. Abdomen

black, moderately shining. MHalteres yellow. Legs yellow, the

hind tibiz in part and all the tarsi brown ; the tip of the front

tibie and their tarsi were blackish. Wings greyish hyaline ;

second section of the costa slightly longer than the third.

Length 14} mm,

Two specimens. St. Vincent.

5. Oscinis nana, D. sp.

4, 9. Front opaque, black in ground-colour, but covered with

a thin brownish‘dust ; the large vertical triangle is somewhat

elevated, its sides nearly equilateral, and separated by a distinct

groove from the rest of the front ; it reaches about midway of the

front. Face brown or blackish; cheeks yellowish. Antenne

black, the third joint in large part yellow. Thorax black ; the

mesonotum with four broad, greyish-yellowish, not conspicuous

stripes, leaving three narrow, more blackish intervals. Scutellum

black, the bristles of its apex not remote from each other.

Pleure greyish dusted, Abdomen black, not shining. Legs

yellow, the femora for the greatest part, and the last two joints

of the tarsi black. Wings nearly hyaline; second and third

sections of the costa of nearly equal length. Length 1-1} mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent. The bristles are

everywhere short and inconspicuous.

424, Professor Williston on the

6. Oscinis concinna, n. sp.

¢. The very large, shining black vertical triangle reaches

nearly to the root of the antennz, leaving the sides below opaque-

brown. Antenne reddish-yellow, the front margin of the third

joint black ; arista pubescent. Eyes distinctly pubescent. Face

black in the middle. Cheeks yellow, somewhat silvery. Thorax

and scutellum deep shining black, with black hair ; bristles of

the scutellum approximated. Abdomen shining black. Legs

yellow, the femora for the most part pitchy black ; front tibie

in part brown. Wings nearly hyaline ; second section of the costa

scarcely longer than the third. Length 1} mm.

Three specimens, St. Vincent. This species closely

resembles O. anonyma, but differs in the yellow

antennz, the black femora, the approximated bristles

at the tip of the scutellum, the shorter, more slender

and yellow front tarsi, and the rather longer second

section of the costal vein.

7. Oscinis mitis, n. sp.

3, @. Yellow, the head with a minute black spot at the

ocelli, and the abdomen for the larger part brown. ‘The very

large, shining vertical triangle reaches to the antennz and nearly

from eye to eye at the vertex. Scutellum rather large, subquad-

rate, the bristles of its apex not approximated, Mesonotum shining,

with yellow hairs. Legs lighter yellow. Wings greyish-hyaline ;

second section of the costa only a little longer than the third ;

third and fourth veins parallel, Length 2 mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent, “ Windward side.”

8. Oscinis incipiens, n. sp.

&, @. Front opaque light-yellow, the opaque, whitish-dusted

vertical triangle scarcely reaching the middle of the front, An-

tennx, face, cheeks and palpi light-yellow, the third joint of the

antennz somewhat brownish above. Thorax and the oval scutellum

deep black, but little shining, covered with greyish-yellowish dust

or pubescence, the scutellum somewhat yellowish at the apex.

Abdomen brownish-black, opaque. Legs yellow, the hind femora,

and the hind tibize in the middle somewhat brownish. Wings’

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 425

nearly hyaline ; second section of the costa more than twice the

length of the third. Length 13 mm.

Thirty specimens. St. Vincent.

9. Oscinis fur, n. sp.

4, 2. Front light-yellow, opaque, with a V-shaped impressed

line, back of which the vertical triangle is more or less black or

brown and greyish-dusted. Face, cheeks and palpi yellow. An-

tenne black, the basal joints yellow. Thorax black, only a little

shining, covered with thin greyish dust or pubescence, Scutellum

oval. Abdomen black, moderately shining. Legs black or dark

brown, the trochanters, knees, more or less of the anterior tibiz

and the base of the middle tarsi yellow. Wings greyish-hyaline ;

third section of the costal vein about half the length of the

second section. Length 2 mm.

Ten specimens. St. Vincent. This species is closely

allied to the foregoing, O. incipiens, but differs in the

colour of the antenne and legs, especially.

CHLCROPs,

Meigen, Illiger’s Magazin, ii., 278, 1803.

1. Chlorops trivittata, n. sp.

3d, @- Front reddish-yellow, mostly shining, with a small

black spot between the ocelli. Basal joints of the antenne yel-

lowish-red ; third joint black. The face, the broad cheeks, palpi

and broad margins of the occiput yellow. Thorax light-yellow ;

the broad median black stripe begins at the neck and reaches two-

thirds of the way to the scutellum ; the lateral stripes begin a

little way back of the front margin and reach further toward the

scutellum ; in addition there is a black strigula above the root of

each wing, and a minute black spot on each humerus. Scutellum

light-yellow, semicircular in shape. Metanotum black. Abdomen

brownish-vellow ; venter yellow. Legs yellow ; the distal joints

of the tarsi brownish. Wings nearly hyaline ; the third section

of the costal vein only a little more than==lf the length of the

second section ; third and fourth longitudinal veins gently di-

vergent ; last section of the fifth vein more than twice the length

of the penultimate section of the fourth. Length 2 mm.

Fifteen specimens. St. Vincent.

426 Professor Williston on the

AGROMYZID.

PLATOPHRYMYIA, n. g.

Allied to Agromyza, but the front very long, plane, and the

epistoma projecting, the proboscis long and slender, folding back-

ward near the middle. Front long, descending, plane or gently

concave longitudinally, with moderately strong bristles reaching

nearly to the root of the antenne. Antenne short, third joint

large, rounded, arista bare. Face excavated in profile, short, the

epistoma projecting as far forward as the antennal projection ; oral

margin of cheeks long, horizontal, straight ; well developed vibrissal

bristles present. Oral margin in front notched. Palpi large, pro-

jecting, a little thickened at the extremity. Thorax moderately

arched in front, flattened behind, with bristles on the sides and in

front of the scutellum. Scutellum large, with four bristles. Abdo-

men oval, depressed, composed apparently of five visible segments,

genitalia not prominent. Legs short and rather strong, not at all

bristly. Auxiliary vein rudimentary; first longitudinal vein

short; basal cells small but distinct ; cross-veins approximated,

the posterior one situated before the middle of the wing.

1, Platophrymyia nigra, n. sp.

Black, Frontal triangle prominent, with a depression on either

side, which extends in the middle in front to the antenne shallowly.

Face with a distinct median keel. Palpi black. Thorax lightly

greyish-dusted. Scutellum oval, with four bristles, the median

pair decussate. Abdomen pruinose, Halteres yellow. Metatarsi

yellowish. Wings whitish-hyaline; penultimate section of the

fourth vein about as long as the ultimate section of the fifth vein ;

the third vein terminates a very little beyond the apex of the wing,

and is curved a little toward the fourth vein towards its extremity.

Length 2 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

OPHTHALMOMYIA, Nn. g.

Auxiliary vein feebly distinct at its beginning, continuing as an

indistinct line and then uniting with the first vein. First vein

short, extending little more than one-third of the length of the

wing, with an incision in the costa before its tip. Cross-veins

not approximated, the ultimate section of the fourth vein scarcely

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 427

twice the length of the penultimate section; anterior cross-vein

situated a little before the termination of the first vein ; basal

cells small, but complete. Face narrow, feebly carinate on the

upper part, broader in the female than in the male, with a row of

rather long bristles on each side extending nearly to the antenne,

but without true vibrissz. The face is plane, not projecting in

profile ; in the middle, not reaching much more than three-fourths

the distance from the root of the antennz to the lower border of

the eyes ; epistoma not at all projecting ; clypeus projecting lappet-

like ; cheeks linear, with bristles along the oral margin. Eyes

forming nearly the entire head in profile, with a distinct excision

on the occipital border near the middle. Occiput concave.

Antenne short, third joint rounded, arista bare. Proboscis slender,

when folded enclosed within the oral cavity, the labella slender and

turned backward. Legs moderately slender, with bristles on the

under side of the femora, but no preapical bristles and no spurs,

save on the middle tibiz, Mesonotum with bristles on the sides

and before the scutellum, the latter oval, with four bristles.

Abdomen ovate, composed of five segments ; ovipositor of female

telescopic, cylindrical, when extended about as long as the fifth

segment ; male genitalia not exserted. Eyes bare. First posterior

cell nearly closed.

1, Ophthalmomyva lacteipennis. (PI. XIV., figs. 154, wing;

154a, b, head of 2.)

Lobioptera lacteipennis, Loew, Centur., vi., 97.—Cuba.

d, 2. Deep shining metallic black ; the front and face more

opaque; legs brownish-black. Abdomen opaque, somewhat bronze-

black, the margins and the fifth segment shining metallic ; palpi

reddish ; wings whitish. Length 2-3 mm.

Numerous specimens.

CERATOMYZA.

Schiner, Wien. Ent. Monatschr., vi., 1862; Odontocera,

Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., ii., 1835 (preoc.).

1. Ceratomyza dorsalis. (Pl. XIV., figs. 155, wing;

155a, head.)

? Odontocera dorsalis, Loew, Centur., iii, 98.—District

Columbia.

3, @- Front opaque dusky-yellow, with a rounded black spot

about the ocelli. Face and cheeks yellow. First two joints and

the under basal portion of the third joint of the antenne yellow

428 Professor Williston on the

the third joint otherwise black. Mesonotum light-yellow, with

three broad, opaque black stripes confluent in front, the median

stripe reaching but little past the middle ; in addition, a slender

strigula above the root of each wing. Scutellum blackish

on the lateral margins; with two erect bristlesat the apex. Pleure

light-yellow. Metanotum black, except on its uppermost part.

Abdomen black, but whitish pruinose ; the fifth segment with a

yellowish hind margin ; venter yellow. Legs yellow ; coxe and

femora light-yellow, the tibize brown, the tarsi black or blackish.

Length 2} mm.

Two specimens. This species, the only one that has

been recognized in the western continent, appears to

resemble the European C. acuticornis. As in that species,

the fourth vein terminates at the extreme tip of the wing,

the distance between the two cross-veins is less than half

of the length of the last section of the fifth vein. The

wings are nearly hyaline.

AGROMYZA.

Fallen, Agromyzidx, 1823.

1. Agromyza lateralis, n. sp. (Pl. XIV., fig. 156, head.)

4, @. Front. of equal width throughout, less than one-third

the width of the head, wholly light-yellow opaque, except a minute ©

black spot between the ocelli. Antenne black, the second joint

and the third at its base somewhat yellowish. Face and cheeks

yellow like the front, the latter narrow, and with a row of small

bristles along the oral margin, the anterior one of which forms a

moderately stout vibrissa. Palpi black. Occipital orbits yellow,

obsolete above. Occiput concave, opaque black. Thorax black ;

mesonotum moderately shining, the lateral margins light-yellow,

broader in front of the wings, and extending over their root, and

sometimes including the postalar callosities. The mesonotum has

short black hair, and the median rows of bristles extend as far

forwards as the middle. Abdomen black, a little shining, clothed

with black hair. Halteres light-yellow. Legs black or brownish-

black, the tarsi brown or brownish-yellow. Wings hyaline ;

penultimate section of the fourth vein not longer than the posterior

cross-vein ; first and second basal eells united. Length 2-3 mm.

Numerous specimens.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 429

2. Agromyza xanthophora. (Pl. XIV., fig. 157, wing.) ©

? Agromyza wanthophora, Schiner, Reise der Novara,

Diptera, 29].—S. America.

¢. Front opaque black, lightly whitish dusted when seen from

the side; above about one-third of the width of the head,

moderately narrowed below ; immediately above the root of the

antenne an oval yellow spot. Antennz wholly black, the arista bare.

Face black, lightly whitish dusted like the front. Cheeks narrow,

hairy behind, but apparently without a row of bristles along the

oral margin. Cheeks very narrow. Palpi black. Posterior orbits

very narrow through it. Mesonotum opaque black, with black

hair; the lateral margins, except a small spot on the humeri, the

hind margin laterally, and a large confluent, quadrilateral spot

behind, sulphur-yellow. Scutellum wholly yellow. Pleure black

below; on the upper part confluent with the yellow of the sides

of the mesonotum ; the yellow is broadest below the root of the

wings. Abdomen yellow; third, fourth and fifth segments each

with a median black spot, partly confluent with each other and

becoming successively larger posteriorly. Ovipositor black,

cylindrical, gently tapering, about twice as long as broad, and about

as long as the fifth segment. Wings hyaline ; auxiliary vein

distinct, except at its tip, where it is so slender and so closely ap-

proximated to the first vein thatit is scarcely to be distinguished ;

penultimate section of the fourth vein scarcely longer than the

posterior cross-vein and about half the length of the ultimate

section of the fifth vein. Length 4 mm.

One specimen. Schiner’s rather brief description

applies well to this specimen, except in the size, which is.

given at 1—I4 lines. I believe, notwithstanding, the-

species are identical.

3. Agromyza sorosis, n. sp.

4, @. Head, including the antenne, yellow, a minute spot at

the ocelli and the upper part of the occiput black. Front about

one-third of the width of the head, a little broader on the upper

part. Cheeks moderately broad, with bristles along the oral margin.

Thorax light-yellow, with three broad, black stripes, separated by

linear intervals or wholly confluent ; the middle stripe begins at the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1896.—ParT III, (SEPT.) ag

430. Professor Williston on the

collar and extends to back of the middle; the lateral portions behind,

near the humeri, and reach nearly to the scutellum, with an angular

incision at the hind end and at the suture. The scutellum has a

small blackish spot on each margin and its dorsum is sometimes

brownish. The ovipositor is about as long as broad, and about as

long as the fifth segment. Metanotum black. Halteres light

yellow. Abdomen yellow, the dorsum brownish or reddish-yellow.

Wings hyaline ; penultimate section of the fourth vein a little

longer than the posterior cross-vein and not more than a fourth or

a fifth of the length of the last section of the fifth vein.

Length 13-2 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. There is some

variation among the specimens, which possibly may

indicate specific differences. ¢. Wings as described ;

black of the mesonotum extending furthest back in the

middle, nearly to the scutellum; abdomen brownish-

yellow, the first three segments with a brown cross-band,

the last two with a small brown spot in the middle.

¢. Like the typical specimens, but the penultimate section

of the fourth vein not one-third the length of the last

section of the fifth vein. One of the typical specimens

is labelled : ‘* Mt. St. Andreas at Cavalries Forest,

1200 feet, Oct. 16.”

4, Agromyza anthrax, n. sp.

&. Black, but little shining. Front very broad, nearly square,

its width rather exceeding its length ; opaque black, on its lower

margin yellowish. Antenne black, third joint rounded, large,

pubescent; arista very short pubescent. Face receding, excavated,

not at all visible from the sides; cheeks linear, with black bristles

along the oral margin and a rather stout vibrissal bristle in front.

Palpi projecting beyond the oral margin, yellow. Mesonotum and

scutellum a little shining. Abdomen opaque, oval. Halteres

yellow. Knees and tarsi yellow, the distal joints of the latter

brownish. Wings lightly tinged ; the third vein terminates in the

apex of the wing ; penultimate section of the fourth vein about

one-third as long as the ultimate section of the fifth,

Length 13 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

Diptera of Si. Vincent (West Indies). 431

Losiorrera.

Wahlberg, (fvers. af K.Ventenska Acad. Forh., 1847, 259.

1. Lobioptera leucogastra.

Milichia leucogastra, Loew, Wien. Entom. Monatschr.,

v., 43, 20.—Cuba.

Lobioptera leucogastra, Loew, Centur., viii., 95.

A single specimen from St. Vincent, agreeing well

with the description.

SEPSIDA.

SEpsIs.

Fallen, Ortalidx, 20, 1820.

1. Sepsis insularis, n. sp. (Pl. XIV., figs. 159, wing ;

159a, front leg of ¢.

d, Q. Front shining black, somewhat reddish below, with a

median longitudinal depression on the lower part. Antenne

yellowish-red, the third joint sometimes a little brownish ; third

joint comparatively large. Face and cheeks yellowish-red. Thorax

shining black throughout. Abdomen deep shining black, with

coppery and purple reflections. Legs yellow or lutescent yellow,

the distal joints of all the tarsi and the hind tibizw brown or black-

ish; front femora in the male dilated for the basal two-thirds, as

far as a bifid tubercle, in which is inserted a short bristle; beyond

the tubercle the femur is immediately narrowed, and a little

distance before it there is a bristle near the middle of the femur ;

tibiz with a small tubercle corresponding to that of the femur.

Wings hyaline, the immediate base in the costal cells blackish.

Length 4 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

BORBORID.

Limosina.

Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., ii., 571, 1835.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. Third section of the costal vein longer than the second . ,

Third section shorter than the second .

. Distal section of the second vein distinctly tones: iho the

first section of the third vein . . . . perparva, n. sp.

—~

432 Professor Williston on the

Distal section of the second vein not longer than the first

section of the third vein. . . . « lugubris,n, sp.

3. Scutellum deep opaque-black, noticably different from the

mesonotum .. . . . scutellaris, n. sp-

Scutellum. not noticeably diferent, in colour from the. -

mesonotum . . «© » = « 4

4. Third vein beyond the cross-vein nearly neh format

ing at the tipof the wing . . . . . . pumila,n.sp.

Third vein with a marked anterior curvature, terminating

at some distance before the tip of the wing. dolorosa,n. sp.

1. Limosina scutellaris, n. sp.

2, 9. Front black, moderately shining, the lower portion and

the face, andthe antenne red. Mesonotum yellowish-red. Scutel-

lum deep velvety black. Abdomen deep black, slightly metal-

lescent, and thinly greyish-pollinose. Legs yellow, hind femora

blackish ; middle tibe with spinous bristles. Length 2-2} mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent, etc.

2. Limosina pumila, n. sp. (Pl. XIV., fig. 160, wing.)

4, 2. Front opaque black, a median stripe or slender triangle

shining, below red or pitchy. Antenne black; arista finely

pubescent. Face black, obscurely red or pitchy across the middle.

Thorax black, moderately shining ; scutellum opaque, flattened,

with four strong bristles. Abdomen black, but little shining. Legs

luteous or brown, the femora and tibiz more or less blackish, the

tarsi for the larger part yellowish ; middle tibize with strong bristles

on the outer side ; hind metatarsi but little longer than broad,

moderately dilated, scarcely more than half the length of the

slender second joint. Wings smoky hyaline ; the three sections

of the costa of nearly equal length, the first section with longer

bristles. Length 2-23 mm.

Six specimens. St. Vincent.

3. Limosina dolorosa, n. sp.

¢, ¢. Black, thinly greyish-dusted, opaque. Antenne black,

arista pubescent ; third joint transversely oval. Face and cheeks

black, but little shining. Scutellum coloured like mesonotum, its

margin reddish. Legs dark-brown; middle tibiz with stout

bristles on the outer side ; hind tibie and tarsi of nearly equal

length, the metatarsi about half the length of the second joint.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 433

Wings lightly tinged with brownish ; first section of the costa with

bristles ; second section a fourth or a third longer than the third

section; the third vein is conspicuously curved forward and

terminates distinctly before the tip of the wing; fourth vein

beyond the discal cell feebly represented, gently curved. Length

23-3 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

4, Limosina perparva, n. sp. (PI. XIV., figs. 161,

wing; 16la, antenna.)

¢d. Front and face opaque-black. Antenne obscurely yellow,

the third joint whitish pubescent, heart-shaped, with a terminal

arista ; arista black, pubescent. Thorax and scutellum deeply

black, the former shining, the latter opaque. Abdomen black.

Legs black ; the tip of the tibiw and the tarsi yellowish ; hind

metatarsi nearly as long as the second joint. Wings nearly

hyaline ; the second vein joins the costa in a very acute angle, and

is concave on the posterior side throughout ; costa with longer

bristles on its first section. Length 0-9 mm.

One specimen,

5. Limosina lugubris, n. sp. (Pl. X1V., fig. 162, wing.)

&, 9. Face and cheeks yellow or brownish-yellow. Antenne

yellow, the third joint brownish at the tip, whitish pubescent,

heart-shaped, the finely-pubescent arista terminal ; second joint

with a coronet of strong bristles. Front opaque-reddish or

brownish-yellow. Thorax, scutellum, and abdomen black shining ;

scutellum flattened. Legs yellow, middle tibie with bristles on

the under side. Wings tinged with brownish, with a narrow

cross-band and the tip more nearly hyaline ; the third vein takes

its origin beyond the insertion of the first; the first section of the

third vein is a little shorter than the terminal section of the

second vein, and the third section of the costa is nearly three

times the length of the second section ; posterior cross-vein but

little longer than the anterior cross-vein. Length 1} mm,

One specimen. With this specimen there is another,

which has the front brown above, the pleurz brownish-

yellow, the wings rather narrower, not clouded,

and with the distal section of the third vein more

nearly straight, and terminating exactly at the tip of

the wing. It undoubtedly belongs to a different

_ Species.

434 Professor Williston on the

Borsorus.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., ii., 276, 1803.

1. Borborus venalicus. (Pl. XIV., fig. 163, wing.)

Borborus venalicus, Osten Sacken, Catalogue of

Diptera, 2nd ed., 263.-— Africa, Cuba, Brazil

(Col. Williston).

g, @. Front deep red, blackish above ; opaque, with about

ten small silvery spots. Antennz brownish-red ; arista bare.

Cheeks and face yellow, the latter shining. Thorax black or

nearly black, moderately shining, the dorsum with two pollinose

stripes and about twenty small, white-pollinose partially confluent

spots. Scutellum large, subtriangular, opaque-black, the base and

small spots at the tip white. Abdomen black, the narrow hind-

margin of the segments whitish. Femora black or deep brown,

with the tip yellowish ; tibiz brown, the front pair with one,

the middle and hind pairs with two dark-brown rings. Tarsi

yellow, with the two distal joints black and the moderately

thickened hind metatarsi partly brown. Wings nearly hyaline,

with a small brown cloud at the angulated tip of the second vein

and at the origin of the third. Third vein gently curved ; front

border of the wings without spinous bristles. Length 2-3 mm.

Twelve specimens. ‘‘ Dr. Loew (in litt.) informs me

that this is an African species; and as I have found it

abundantly in Cuba, it seems probable it was brought

over in slave-ships.” Sacken, J. c. I have the species

from Brazil.

2. Borborus illotus, n. sp. (Pl. XIV., fig. 164, wing.)

¢. Front opaque-black, on the lower part red. Antenne red,

the third joint rounded ; arista finely pubescent. Face reddish-

brown. Thorax dark yellowish-red, opaque; mesonotum with

abundant and rather long black hair ; pleurz black near the root

of the wing. Abdomen opaque-black. Legs brown or brownish-

yellow, the femora for the most part blackish ; middle and hind

tibiz with stout bristles on the outer side ; hind metatarsi moder-

ately dilated, but little more than half the length of the slender

second joint. Wings yellowish-hyaline ; third section of the costal

vein not more than two-thirds the length of the second section ;

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 435

second vein sinuous, the third terminates before the tip of the

wing ; fourth vein thin, but distinct. Length 2} mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

SPHEROCERA.

Latreille, Hist. Nat. Ins. et Crust., xiv., 1804.

1. Spherocera bimaculata,n.sp. (Pl. XIV., fig. 165, wing.)

3, 2. Front and face black, opaque, sometimes in part yel-

lowish, finely roughened. Antenne brownish-red or reddish-brown,

the third joint whitish at the tip ; arista bare. Thorax brownish-

black, the dorsum slightly shining, with four punctulate lines.

Scutellum subtriangular, rounded and convex, bare (a minute point

on either margin). Abdomen broadly oval, flat, bare, opaque-black,

with two large, yellow spots, the anterior one more rounded or sub-

quadrangular, the posterior one oval and smaller. Venter largely

yellow. ‘Legs, including the cox, light-yellow, without distinct

bristles ; front femora thickened ; hind legs elongate ; hind meta-

tarsi about as long as the three following joints together, much

thickened ; second joint a little thickened. Wings nearly hyaline ;

last sections of the third and fourth veins nearly parallel ; fifth

vein complete. Length 3 mm.

Six specimens. St. Vincent.

PHORIDA.*

PHora.

Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., etc., xiv., 1804.

1. Phora fungicola.

Coquillett, Canadian Entomologist, xxvui., 106, 1890.

One specimen, seemingly a male. 1500 feet. The

lower part of the pleurz is yellowish.

2. Phora interrupta.

Zetterstedt, Insecta lapponica, 797, 12, 1840.

Coquillett, Canadian Entomologist, xxvii., 1038, 1895.

Hight specimens. Sea level to 1500 feet.

* By J. M. Aldrich.

436 Professor J. M. Aldrich on the

3. Phora fasciata.

Fallen, Diptera suecica,. Phytomyz., 7,9, 1823.

Coquillett, Canadian Entomologist, xxvii., 103, 1895.

Fourteen specimens. Sea level to 1500 feet. They are

but little different from Phora interrupta, but average

larger, less dark on abdomen, wings clearer, and first

light vein less curved. Both species have the hind

femora tipped with brown.

4, Phora venata, n. sp.

G. Head and abdomen black, thorax brownish-black, legs

including tarsi yellow, femora a little darker. Palpi brown,

antenne blackish. Legs destitute of sete, second heavy vein not

forked. Anterior frontal bristles proclinate. Bristles of the front

small, except the verticals. Halteres brown. Under surface of

fore femora with a row of delicate curved hairs. Pleurz yellowish

below. Hypopygium yellow, rather large, with two black pro-

jecting claspers below and a brownish lamellar portion, bristly

below, projecting backward ; also a slender yellow styliform organ

(penis ?) in the centre below. Length 1:3 mm.

''he most noticeable peculiarity of the species is the

venation. ‘The heavy veins reach beyond the middle.

The so-called ight veins are much heavier than in any

other known North American species, comparatively

straight, and have the appearance of making a complete

union with the heavy veins, instead of stopping a little

short and then running parallel with them.

One male. 1000 feet,

5. Phora furtiva, n. sp.

¢. Third vein forked, anterior frontal bristles procli-

nate, tibiz destitute of large bristles on the outer side; head,

thorax and abdomen black, legs brownish, the tarsi and anterior

tibie yellow. Front black, the bristles rather below medium

size, the fine hairs somewhat conspicuous, antenne blackish, more

or less yellowish at base, palpi yellow. Thorax sub-shining,

pleure shining black, halteres black. Femora in fully coloured

specimens dark brown, in less mature ones yellowish-brown, the

tibie lighter. Hind tarsi almost twice the length of the tibie.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 437

Hind tibiw on the posterior edge with longer hairs, on the inner

side of this a row of about twelve small bristles, Wings slightly

yellow, heavy veins reaching but little past the middle, second

vein reaching barely more than half-way from the humeral vein to

the fork of the third, on the costa, First and second light veins

ending about equally far from the apex, the cell before the first

as wide as the narrowest part of the one behind it. Length

1:5 mm.

Two females. 1000 feet.

6. Phora divaricata, n. sp.

$,?. Antenne, palpi, pleurz, halteres and legs deep yellow,

anterior frontal sete reclinate and divaricate ; second heavy vein

forked, the first attaining three-fourths of the distance from the

humeral to the second, the first light vein moderately arcuated, the

fourth scarcely visible, very slender. Front dark brown or black, the

lower edge yellowish ; thorax above varying from yellow to black,

frequently yellow with indistinct darker markings longitudinally.

Abdomen black or brown, the posterior margin of each segment

with a narrow band of light-yellow, which continues more or less

as a stripe down the middle of the dorsal surface. Venter vellow.

Anterior tibiz on the front side with a row of four set, middle

tibize with two together a trifle below the knee, hind tibiz with a

minute row of fine hairs down the posterior edge, but no sete

except at apex. Hind femora considerably thickened. Wings

tinged with yellow, costa reaching a little past the middle, with

two rows of fine sete, which are more divaricate at the base. The

two branches of the second vein are very close together, yet

distinct. Inthe males the genitalia are bent up under the venter,

giving the abdomen a knobbed appearance. Length 1:4 to

1°8 mm.

Two males, five females. Sea level to 1000 feet

May.

7. Phora aurea, n. sp.

3, @. Yellow, lower frontal bristles proclinate, second vein

forked, the abdomen, or at least the dorsal part, reddish-orange in

colour. Front, antennez and palpi yellow, arista yellow at base;

thorax wholly yellow, halteres yellow, in some cases brownish about

the apex ; legs wholly yellow, the tarsi scarcely darker, middle and

hind tibizs with a row of nearly a dozen small bristles running

438 Professor J. M. Aldrich on the

down the posterior edge ; hind femora moderately thickened, with

a few little bristles below near the tip ; abdomen bright reddish-

orange in colour, toward the tip and below irregularly blackened.

In one specimen, a male, the reddish colour is confined to the base,

and there is a well-defined black spot on each side of the middle of

the dorsum. Wings quite deeply tinged with yellow, the heavy

veins reaching far beyond the middle, the first light vein but little

curved, ending at or but little before the apex. The first heavy

vein ends just perceptibly past the middle of the distance between

the humeral vein and the tip of the branch of the second vein.

The fourth light vein is distinct to the border. Length 1:3

to 1‘7 mm.

Two males, seven females. 500 to 1500 feet.

8. Phora magnipalpis, n. sp.

é. Second vein forked, anterior frontal bristles proclinate, legs

yellow, the hind femora a little brownish, head, antenne, thorax,

and abdomen black ; palpi, halteres and pleure brownish-black.

The palpi in the male are enlarged, divaricate, destitute of the

usual strong sete. Wings hyaline, the light veins very slender, tip

of second vein just midway between the humeral and the fork of

the second, on the costa; second light vein with a greater

curvature than usual, almost parallel with the vein before it.

ending but little behind the apex. The heavy veins reach but

little beyond the middle of the wing. Length 1:2 to 1-4 mm.

Four males. Sea level to 1000 feet. May.

I have also four females, same size and locality, which

differ in having a lighter but variable coloration. The

halteres and palpi vary from yellow to brown ; dorsum of

thorax brown. The wings are as in the preceding males.

I regard them as the same species, although there is

not usually such a range of variation, especially between

the two sexes.

In addition to the species described above, the collec-

tion contained two specimens of somewhat different

coloration from any described species, and different from

each other, which, on account of the absence of any

striking characters, I leave undetermined for the present.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 439

HIPPOBOSCID.*

ORNITHOMYIA.

Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., xiv., 1804.

1. Ornithomyia erythrocephala.

? Ornithomyia erythrocephala, Leach, Eprob. Ins., 13,

pl. xxvii, figs. 4, 5.

Four specimens which probably belong to this species.

I have only Wiedemann’s quotation of Leach’s descrip-

tion for comparison, which does not give the length. The

specimens are from nine to ten millimetres in length, the

costal border of the submarginal cell is about two-thirds

the length of that of the marginal cell, the second

posterior cell is only a littie longer than the first, etc.

SUPPLEMENT.

EMPIDIDA. (See p. 307.)

HEMERODROMIA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., i1., 1822.

1. Hemerodromia defessa, n. sp. (Pl. XIV., fig. 166,

wing.)

¢. Head and thorax shining, deep pitchy black or black, the

lower part of the face and the occipital orbits grey pollinose. Eyes

broadly contiguous on the face. Antenne light yellow, the third

joint as long as the first two together. Bristles of thorax and

scutellum wholly inconspicuous. Abdomen opaque black, the venter

yellow. Legs light-yellow ; front femora much thickened, a little

longer than the coxa, not emarginate for the reception of the tibial

spine. Wings nearly hyaline; anal cell and discal cell wanting ;

anterior cross-vein situated a little beyond the middle of the basal

cell ; second posterior cell and its petiole of nearly equal length ; no

stigma. Proboscis light yellow, shorter than the height of the head.

Four specimens. The present species is related to

H. captus, Cog., but differs in the shining colour of the

head and thorax.

* By S. W. Williston.

440 Professor Williston on the

2. Hemerodromia, sp.

¢. Head black, thickly grey pollinose. Eyes narrowly separated

in the middle of the face. Antenne and proboscis light yellow.

Thorax reddish yellow, the mesonotum somewhat greyish pollinose,

and with feeble indications of longitudinal stripes. Legs light

yellow ; front femora greatly thickened, and with a distinct emar-

gination for the reception of the tip of the tibiz. ‘Wings as in

Hi. defessa.

One specimen. In the absence of specimens for com-

parison, it is hazardous to say that this is the same as

H. oratorio, Fall., but I can find no important differences

from Loew’s description. I suspect that H. empiformis,

Say, may also be the same species (Coquillett has wrongly

identified it). Coquillett makes no mention of the con-

tiguity of the eye in his H. rogatoris, and leaves it to be

inferred that the bristles of the thorax are microscopic.

If such be the case, the two species are distinct.

For those species of Hemerodromia, in the sense of

Loew, in which the neuration is normal, Coquillett has

recently resuscitated the table name Mantipeza, Rondani,

referring allthe others to Hemerodromia, with the excep-

tion of H. scapularis, Loew, for which he creates the

genus Neoplasta. Hemerodronia precatoria, Fall. (H.

monostigma, Meigen), is a true Mantipeza, in Coquillett’s

sense, but he leaves it in emerodromia, so that it is difficult

to say just what his conception of Mantipeza really is.

In the examination of the descriptions and specimens of

most of the known species of Hemerodromia, in the sense

of Loew, I find the following different combinations of

characters :—

1. Anal cell present, discaland second posterior cells

also preseut.— Mantipeza of Coquillett.

This is Hemerodromia of Bigot, and it should be con-

sidered that of Meigen also.

2. Anal cell present, second basal cell present, discal

cell wanting.—Mantineza of Bigot.

This includes H. nigriventris, H. defecta, etc. Mr.

Coquillett also includes in this group H. albipes, Walker.

Mr. Coquillett’s acumen in the detection of so many of

Walker’s defectively described species is to be commended.

In the present case, however, has he some special infor-

mation concerning the type of H. albipes? Mr. Walker

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies), 441

located albives with precatoria, in which there is a “ dis-

coidal areolet,”? and which should, therefore, belong in

Coquillett’s Mantipeza. He also describes the body as

being “‘fulvo-canis” in colour, with a “slight tawny

tinge,’ while Coquillett calls the “thorax and abdomen

black.” If Mr. Coquillett has information concerning the

type, then Walker’s description should be cancelled in

toto, and the species rest upon Coquillett’s diagnosis.

3. Anal cell present, second basal and discal cells

united ; second posterior cell sessile.-—Neoplasta of

Coguillett.

4, Anal cell wanting; second basal cell present and

elongated; discal cell wanting.—Microdromia of

Bigot.

This includes the species described above, anda num-

ber of others.

If Thomson is correct in his reference of H. analis,

then there is yet another group, differing from Neoplasta

in the second posterior cell being complete.

DRAPETIS.

(See page 308.)

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1, Thorax reddish yellow . . . . . . . « canthopoda, Will.

horax black 5 = « + Rte Ger Pees 2

2. Legs light yellow, thorax shining a ies 3

Legs largely brown; mesonotum miderataly mae ; first

posterior cell not widened at the margin ; pawelte

mate section of the fourth vein very short . ap/c7s, n. sp.

3. First posterior cell much widened in the margin, the third

vein terminating distinctly before the tip of the wing,

minuta, D. sp.

First posterior cell narrowed in the margin, the third vein

not terminating before the tip . . 4

4. The extreme tip of the wing is at the tip an the fourtth: vein, sp.

The extreme tip is a little before the tip of the fourth

VIN ge tawin a) ikea ts 6) by wee He @eepcenaWallls

442 Professor Williston on the

3. Drapetis ‘apicis, nu. sp. (Pl. XEV:, figs. 167, wing ;

167a, antenna.)

3, 9. Front black, of moderate width, narrowed below, not at

all shining. Antenne brown or reddish brown ; third joint very

small, onion-shaped. Eyes contiguous on theface. Thorax black;

mesonotum moderately shining, lightly pruinose in some reflections.

Scutellum with two bristles. Abdomen black, nearly opaque ;

hypopygium shining. Legs brown or blackish brown; front coxe,

basal portion of all the femora, the hind tibiz in part, and the

proximal portion of the four posterior tarsi yellow or yellowish ;

front femora considerably thickened on the proximal portion, its

under border straight ; middle femora less thickened, the hind

femora rather slender. Wings nearly uniformly tinged with brown;

second and third sections of the costa of nearly equal length ; third

and fourth veins nearly parallel, the third terminating at the

extreme tip ; penultimate section of the fourth vein about twice

the length of the posterior cross-vein. Palpi, proboscis, and hal-

teres brown. Front and hind tibiew without spurs.

Three specimens.

4. Drapetis minuta, n.sp. (PI. XIV., figs. 168, wing;

168a, antenna.)

6. Eyes closely contiguous above and below the antenne.

Vertical triangle and occiput black, whitish pruinose. Antenne

light yellow ; third joint as long as the first two together, a half

longer than wide. Thorax black ; mesonotum shining, clothed with

black hair. Scutellum with two bristles. Abdomen black, moder-

ately shining. Legs light yellow; all the femora moderately

thickened, the front pair more so than the others. Wings nearly

hyaline ; second vein deeply concave anteriorly ; third vein widely

divergent from the fourth, the first posterior cell widely open.

The hair of the mesonotum in some lights has a yellow-

ish cast. A closely related species from Grenada has the

autennee darker coloured, the third joint smaller, the

second vein of the wing less concave, etc. ‘T'wo speci-

mens.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 44.3)

5. Drapetis, n. sp.

¢. Very much like D. flavipes, but smaller, the second longi-

tudinal vein shorter and more concave, the third vein straighter,

the fourth terminating at the extreme tip of the wing, instead of a

little beyond it, etc. Length 1 mm.

One specimen.

AGROMYZIDA. (See p. 426.)

| PHYLLOMYZA.

Fallen, Diptera Suec., Ocht., 8, 1823.

1. Plyllomyza magnipalpis, n. sp. (Pl. XIV. fig. 169,

head of ¢.)

@. Head deep black. Front broad, large, the narrow orbits,

on which are placed the lateral row of bristles, subshining. Third

antennal joint very large, the arista, which springs from its superior

angle, finely pubescent. Face excavated, retreating in profile.

Palpi very large, projecting; proboscis small, rather slender.

Thorax deep black ; mesonotum shining, with black hair. Scu-

tellum large, trapezoidal, with a stout bristle on each apical angle.

Abdomen black, with black hair, not shining ; in shape, short

ovate, the five segments of nearly equal length. Legs black, the

immediate tip of femora, the front tibize, the middle tibiz in part

and all the tarsi yellow. Wings nearly hyaline ; basal cells small,

but complete ; submarginal cell narrowed at the extremity, its

costal margin only about half the length of that of the first pos-

terior cell ; the third vein terminates at the extreme tip of the

wing ; penultimate section of the fourth vein less than one-third

the length of the ultimate section. Length 1}mm.

One specimen.

Acromyza. (See p. 428.)

5. Agromyza mnominata, n. sp. (Pl. XIV., fig. 158,

head of 2.)

¢. Head yellow, a blackish spot at the ocelli; front broad.

Antenne yellow; third joint longer than broad; arista finely

pubescent. Face short, gently excavated in profile ; cheeks rather

broad. Palpielongate, dilated. Thorax obscurely reddish-yellow ;

444, - Professor Williston on-the

mesonotum with black hairs. Scutellum large, with two stout,

remote, black bristles. Abdomen brown or blackish, yellowish at

base. Legs light yellow ; hind femora black at the immediate tip.

Wings cinereous hyaline; basal cells complete; penultimate

section of the fourth vein a little longer than the posterior cross-

vein, or the last section of the fifth vein. Length 1} mm.

One specimen.

GEOMYZIDA.

ANTHOMYZA.

Fallen, Spec. Entom., 1810; Leptomyza, Macquart,

Hist. Nat. Dipt., 1835 ; Anthophilina, Zetterstedt,

Ins. Lapp., 1840.

1. Anthomyza cinerea, u. sp. (Pl. XIV., fic. 170;

head of ¢.)

d, 9. Front broad, narrowest opposite the insertion of the

antenne ; yellow, the vertical margin more or less cinereous ; with

four rows of short bristles, reaching nearly to the root of the

antenne. Antenne yellow, the third joint orbicular and more or

less brownish ; arista nearly bare. Face and cheeks light yellow.

Eyes small, oval. Occiput flattened, cinereous. Thorax black in

ground-colour, but thickly covered with grey dust, that on the

mesonotum somewhat yellowish ; hair of the mesonotum black.

bristly, the true bristles, however, confined to the posterior part in

the middle. Abdomen black, but more or less thickly whitish

pollivose,and with recumbent white hair ; first two segments often

in part reddish; remaining segments with a more or less distinct

yellowish or whitish hind border. Legs yellow, the moderately-

thickened femora often infuscated distally ; terminal joints of the

tarsi more or less brown; bristles on the posterior inferior surface

of the front femora not conspicuous. Wings cinereous or smoky

hyaline ; third section of the costa only a little longer than the

fourth ; second vein gently curved ; penultimate section of the

fourth vein only a little longer than the last section of the fifth.

Palpi slender, yellow. Length 2}-2? mm.

Twelve specimens. ‘ March. Common on the sandy

sea-shore, alighting on the wet, wave-washed sand.” The

species seems to be allied to A. gracilis, Fallen.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). AAS

2. Anthomyza xanthopoda, un. sp.

$, @- Front narrower than in 4A. cinerea, narrowest below ;

red, the vertical margin brownish ; on either side the vertical

margin is white, and bears the outer row of short bristles.

Antenne yellow; arista bare. Face and cheeks light-yellow,

the latter scarcely more than one-third as wide as the vertical

diameter of the eyes. Thorax black in ground-colour, thickly

ashy-grey pollinose, witha shade of yellowish on the mesonotum ;

hair of the mesonotum bristle-like. Abdomen black, greyish

pruinose, opaque ; rather slender in the male, the hypopygium pro-

tuberant ; all the segments with a narrow yellowish or whitish hind

border ; hair short, wholly black. Legs yellow; last joint of all

the tarsi brown ; bristles of front femora not conspicuous. Pro-

boscis and wings asin d. cinerea. Length 2-24 mm.

Three specimens. ‘'he species is readily distinguish-

able from A. cinerea by the narrower front and cheeks,

the less densely pollinose thorax, black hair of the

abdomen, &c.

In addition to the foregoing species listed or described

from the island of St. Vincent, there are, among the

specimens submitted to me, about twenty others, the

systematic positions of which are yet more or less

doubtful. Several of them will probably require the

erection of new genera for their reception. The descrip-

tions will be given in a later paper, in connection with the

report upon the Grenada Diptera now in my hands for

study.

The present collection of Diptera is the first one of any

extent that has been studied from the West Indian Islands.

Isolated species, or small collections, chiefly of the larger

forms, have been studied by various authors, but no col-

lection has ever represented nearly so fully the microfauna

as does the presentone. The West Indian Diptera-fauna

is essentially a common one, with a strong South American

facies. Very few of the species, I believe, will be found

restricted to any single island or group of islands. But

comparatively few of the species will be found to occur in

North America, and they for the most part are either

species of wide-spread habitats, or else are confined to

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parTii. (sEpPT.) 30

446 Professor Williston on the Diptera of St. Vincent.

the southernmost portions of the United States, especially

Florida, whose fauna seems to partake largely of the

southern type.

It may, perhaps, occasion some surprise that so large a

proportion of the foregoing species are determined as new.

This is due to two facts. First, the larger portion of

the species of the collection are small or very small, the

majority not exceeding four millimetres in length and

nearly a half requiring the use of a compound microscope

for their study. Second, the small, obscure species

are exceedingly difficult to recognize from the majority of

the existing descriptions of South American forms. I can-

not hope to have avoided allsynonyms. ‘That some of the

species have been previously described from South and

Central America will be a matter of comparative indiffer-

ence if I have succeeded in so describing and figuring the

present ones that the future observer of specimens from

these regions will be able to determine them with tolerable

certainty.

My thanks are due to Professor Aldrich for so kindly

undertaking the study of the families Dolichopodidee and

Phoride, to which he has given so much attention in

recent years.

‘Exxpianation or Prates VIII., IX., X., XI., XIL.,

XIII, & XIV.

PuaTE VIII.—See explanation facing Plate VIII.

PuateE IX. . rs » Plate IX.

PLATE X. > 3 » Plate X.

Puate XI. as Fs » Plate XI.

PuiaTE XII. 3 » LPlate XII.

PLATE XG, ,, ‘ », Plate XIII.

PuaTE XIV. sa - » Plate XIV.

(447)

XII. Supplementary Note to my previous Papers on the

Heteromerous Coleoptera of Australia and Tasmania.

By Grorce Cartes Caampion, F.Z.8.

[Read June 4th, 1896.]

Srnce the publication of Part Il. of my paper on the

“* Heteromerous Coleoptera of Australia and 'l’asmania ”’

(Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895), two memoirs dealing

with the same subject have come to hand. Both are by

Mr. A. M. Lea, of the Bureau of Agriculture, Perth, W.

Australia. As a question of priority is involved in

several cases amongst the Anthicidee and Mordellide, it

may be stated that Mr. Lea’s papers bear the following

dates: — The first [Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) ix.,

pp. 989-634] was read on Oct. 31st, 1894, and published

on March 28th, 1895. The second [Proc. Linn. Soc.

N.S.W. (2) x., pp. 224-319] was read on May 29th,

1895, and published on Nov. 18th, 1895.

His first paper, therefore, antedates my own by a little

more than two months, the latter having been read in

March, and published in June, 1895. ‘lhe second was

not issued till more than five months later. Mr. Lea has

been kind enough to send me specimens of many of his

new species of Anthicide and Mordellidz, and also to let me

see authentically named examples of several of the species

of King and Macleay which were not recognizable from

the brief descriptions. The Rev. T. Blackburn, too, has

sent me a specimen of his genus Trichosalpingus for

examination.

The following corrections must be made to my paper :—

P. 233. The Tasmanian insect described by me

under the name of Talayra orchesioides = Orchesia

elongata, Macl. (from Queensland, etc.), according to

specimens sent me by Mr. Lea. ‘The species will

therefore have to bear the name Talayra elongata.

P. 236. The genus Tellias = V'richosalpingus,

Blackburn (1891), who, the lamellate penultimate

tarsal joint notwithstanding, referred it to the

Pythidee, where I should not have thought of looking

for it. One of the principal characters given by

Lacordaire and others for the Pythidz is the “ simple

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—PparT Ill. (SEPT.)

448 Mr. G.C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera.

tarsi.’ 7’. fuwmatus, Champ., is very closely allied

to T. brunneus, for a specimen of which I am

indebted to Mr. Blackburn, but may be separated

from it by the coarser and less dense puncturing of

the thorax and elytra.

Pp. 244, 245. The citations Sessinia atkinsona

and S. sublineata, C. O. Waterh., *‘in litt.””? should

read ‘ Cist. Ent. 11, pp. 228, 229 (1877).”” These

species have not been noticed in the Zoological

Record, and as Mr. Waterhouse could not give me

any information on the subject, when applied to, and

I was unable to find them at the time, they were

cited as unpublished names.

P. 257. The name inflatus is preoccupied in

Anthicus. This species is described by Mr. Lea in

his second paper (p. 279), and his name, ovipennis,

can therefore be substituted.

P. 262. Anthicus walkeri. According to speci-

mens received from Mr. Lea, this insect = Formi-

comus australis, King. The species is obviously an

Anthicus. It appears to be a common and widely

distributed Australian species.

P. 263. Anthicus australis. Mr. Leainforms me

that this insect certainly = A. rarus, King (= propin-

quus, Macl.), and that the species is moderately

common in Northern New South Wales and Southern

Queensland. I am indebted to Mr. Lea for a speci-

men of A. rarus.

P. 266. Micranthicus brachypterus = Anthicus

pulcher, King, according to specimens sent by Mr.

Lea for comparison. ‘The species must therefore bear

the name Micranthicus pulcher.

The following species (and probably others) named by

Mr. Lea in his second paper, were described by myself,

and his names cannot stand :—

Orchesia saltatoria, Lea = O. austrina, Champ.

Anthicus triangularis, Lea= A. excavatus, Champ., var.

o delicatulus, Lea = A. paululus, Champ.

Mordella fasciata, Lea = M. graphiptera, Champ.

se uniformis, Lea = M. pygmxa, Champ.

“b distincta, Lea = M. fulvonotata, Champ.

A setipes, Lea, isa Mordellistena, and = austrina,

Champ.

Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera. 449

I may also note that Mordella aterrima (Macl.), Lea, is

a Tomoxia.

In Part I. of my paper on this subject (Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond., 1894, pp. 389, 390) Platynotus insularis,

Hope, is cited as being possibly synonymous with

Hypaulaz iridescens, Blackb. This surmise proves to have

been correct, as Hope’s type has now been found, and

through the kindness of Prof. Poulton I have been able

to examine it.

30TH SEPTEMBER, 1896.

XIII. On the classification of three subfamilies of Moths

of the family Pyralide : the Epipaschiine, Endo-

trichinz, and Pyraline. By Sire Guorce F.

Hampson, Bart., B.A.

[Read April 1st, 1896.]

Tae three subfamilies of Pyralidx, the Epipaschiine,

Hindotrichine, and Pyraline, of which a classification is

here attempted, all belong to the group of Pyralidx

which have the median nervure of the hindwing non-

pectinate on upperside, and vein 7 of the forewing stalked

with 8, 9.

The Hpipaschiine, which are the ancestors of the sub-

family Phycitine, are to be distinguished from the allied

subfamilies by having small tufts of raised scales on the

forewing below the cell and on the discocellulars; the

proboscis is fully developed, and vein 8 of the hindwing

is either free or anastomoses with 7, whilst a large

proportion of the species have in the male sex a more or

less developed thickly-scaled corneous process projecting

backwards from the basal joint of the antenn over the

thorax.

The Endotrichine and Pyraline have the forewing

smoothly scaled, the former has vein 8 of the hindwing

anastomosing with 7, whilst in the latter it is free.

The Endotrichine may be distinguished from the

Chrysaugine by the former having the maxillary palpi

developed, whilst in the latter, which are almost confined

to the tropical and warmer temperate parts of America,

though a few species have spread into the Australian and.

Malayan regions, the maxillary palpiare aborted. Finally

in the Pyraline, the genera that have the proboscis

aborted may be distinguished from the few Schenobitinae

that have vein 7 of the forewing stalked with 8, 9, by vein

8 of the hindwing being free.

The three subfamilies thus represent a branch of the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—PrarTiv. (pec.) 31

452 Sir George I. Hampson on the

Pyralide which has become differentiated from the

primitive stock, represented by the more generalised

Pyraustine, by vein 7 of the forewing having become

stalked with 8, 9. Of the three the most generalised is

the Pyralinx, giving rise on the one hand to the Hndo-

trichine from which arose the Chrysaugine, and on the

other hand the Hpipaschiine from which have sprung

the Phycitine and Anerastiine.

An excellent revision of the Pyraline of the Paleearctic

fauna, including the other two subfamilies here dealt

with, was published by Mr. E. Meyrick in our Transac-

tions for 1890, they are, however, few in number compared

with the tropical forms; the genus Acropentias, Meyr.,

which he includes amongst them I regard as belonging

to the Schenobiine. A very valuable essay on the

classification of the Pyralinew, Endotrichine, and Chry-

sauginz was published in the Annales de la Société

Entomologique de France* by the late M. EH. M. Ragonot,

with most accurate and minute diagnoses of most of the

genera, but such a large number of species were either

unknown or very imperfectly known to him that it cannot

be regarded as more than the preliminary essay which he

himself considered it. In it he defined the Hndotrichine

as differing from the Chrysaugine in being slenderly

built insects, and includesin them some American genera

which on the definition by the maxillary palpi which I

have adopted I consider as belonging to the Chrysauginz.

In the phylogeny of the subfamilies, as given in the

family trees, the genera should rarely be considered to be

directly derived from those placed as their ancestors as at

present constituted, and much less so from any existing

species of those genera, for in the large majority of cases

they are derived from more generalised ancestral forms

which would come within or almost within the definitions

of those genera.

Species which I have examined, but which are not in the

British Museum collection, are marked with an (*), species

of which the types are in the Museum with a (+), whilst

described species of which the classification is uncertain

are placed at the end of each genus.

* Ann. Ent. Soc, Fr., 1890, pp. 435-546 ; and 1891, pp. 15-114 &

559-662, plates 5, 7, 8, & 16,

Classification of the Pyralide. A453

Ihave to thank the Hon. Walter Rothschild for the

loan of types from the Felder collection, and species

described by Mr. Warren in his collection ; Prof. Poulton,

F.R.S., for types from the Oxford University Museum ;

Mr. E. Meyrick, for the loan of Australasian types; Mr.

J. H. Leech, for the loan of Japanese and Chinese types ;

and especially Mr. H. J. Elwes, for the gift to the British

Museum of the types of all the species from the Malayan

subregion described by Mr. Meyrick in our Transactions

for 1894.

I have also to thank Mr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S., for

obtaining permission for me from the India Office to

reproduce 45 figures of moths lately published in the

fourth volume of the Moths of the Fauna of India series.

Subfamily Eprpascuiinx.

Proboscis present ; palpi almost always upturned, and in male

often with the 2nd joint hollowed out to receive the brush-like

maxillary palpi which are sometimes bilobed ; antenne of male

usually with a more or less developed flagellate thickly scaled

process from basal joints extending backwards over the thorax.

Forewing with tufts of raised scales below the cell and on dis-

cocellulars ; veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hindwing with the median

nervure not pectinate ; vein 8 usually free.

The larve of several species live in colonies in webs and form

social cocoons.

PHYLOGENY OF TILE EPIPASCHIIN®.

Arnatula. Tioga. | Termyoptycha.

Pococera. Seueicoiroee Cenodomus. Cecidipta.

Lepidogma, Macalla, Locastra,

atl Stericta.

Astrapometis. ae

Isolopha.

454 Sir George I. Hampson on the

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Palpi upturned—

a Hindwing with vein 7 anastomosing with 8.

a’ Hindwing with vein 4, 5 stalked.

a* Forewing with vein 6 trom cell.

a? Forewing with vein 10 stalked with

Togs So 9 3. Pococera.

b3 Forewing with vein 10 from the cell. 1. Arnatula.

b? Forewing with vein 6 stalked with 7 Ie

Gh) Tc 5 2 é : : seen Leona:

bl Hindwing with veins 4, 5 sporomusied for

about half their length é 4. Lepidogma.

c! Hindwing with veins 4, 5 radiating: from

_angle of cell

a? Palpi reaching well above vertex of head. 5. Jocara.

b? Palpi reaching vertex of head. A . 6. Astrapometis.

b Hindwing with vein 8 free.

a Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked.

a? Forewing with vein 10 anastomosing

with ae 9. Hindwing with veins

4,5 stalked. : 7. Termioptycha.

b? Forewing with vein 10 free ; ” hindwing

with veins 4, 5 from cell :

bl Fore and hindwings with veins 4, 5 appproxi-

mated for about one-third length ;

cl Fore and hindwings with veins 4, o radiating

from anvie of cell.

a? Forewing with vein 10 free.

a® Palpi with the second joint reaching

well above vertex of head . . 13. Stericta.

b? Palpi with the second joint hardly

reaching vertex of head.

a* Forewing without antemedial

ridge of hair; antennez of

male non-pectinate.

a° Tibiw nearly smoothly sealed 14. Orthaga.

b° Tibize fringed with long hair 12. Locastra.

b4 Forewing with antemedial ridge

of hair; antenne of male

. Spectratrota.

0 w

Macalla.

pectinate 5 . 10. Cenodonus.

bv? Suge with vein 10 stalked. with 7 7,8,

9; antenne of male pectinate . . 11. Cecidipta.

B. Palpiporrect . ; : : é ; : . 15. Isolopha.

Genus ARNATULA.

Arnatula, Staud., Iris., vi., p. 78 (1893).

Parorthaga, Hmpsu., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 111

(1896).

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd

well developed, maxillary palpi filiform ; frons rounded ; antennz

of male fasciculate ; tibis slightly hairy. Forewing with vein 3

Classification of the Pyralide. 455

approximated for a short distance to 4,5 which are stalked ; 6 from

upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 free; male with a glandular

Arnatula melanophia, 3, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

swelling on costa beyond middle. Hindwing with vein 3 from

angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing

with 8.

Sect. I. Antenne of male with short thickly scaled

process from basal joint :—

(1). *ARNATULA CAPNOPIS, Meyr.,-Trans, Ent.

Soc., 1885, p. 439 . : ‘ : . Australia.

(2). *ARNATULA ELASSOTA, Meyr:, Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1884, p. 280 . : : : . Australia.

Sect. II. Antenne of male with no process from

basal joint :—

Type. (3). ARNATULA MELANOPHIA, Staud., Iris., v., Siberia, Ja-

pl. iii., fig. 22, & vi. p. 78 : : - pan, Bhutan,

. TParorthaga euryptera, Meyr., Trans, Ent. Ceylon, Sam-

Soe., 1894, p. 476. bawa.

(4). *ARNATULA TORNOTIS, Meyr., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1887, p. 183 . F ; : - Queensland.

Genus TIOGA.

Tioga, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., p. 115 (1888).

Tallula, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., p. 114.

Oneida, Hulst., Ent. Am., v., p. 63 (1889).

Palpi upturned and reaching well above vertex of head ; maxil-

lary palpi filiform; antenne fasciculate; tibie slightly hairy.

456 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Forewing with vein 3 from angle of cell ; 4,5 approximated for

half their length. 6,7, 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with '

Tioga atrifascialis, 3, t.

vein 3 from angle of cell ; 4,5 stalked ; 6,7 stalked ; 7 anastomosing

with 8.

TIOGA ATRIFASCIALIS, Hulst., Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc., xilt.,p.160 . E : ; : 2. OSS aA.

Auctorum.

Oneida lunulalis, Hulst., Ent. Am., iii., p. 130,

andv.,p.64 . ‘ ; : : Pe Oats page:

Type. Tioga aplastella, Hulst., Ent. Am.,iv., p. 113 . U.S. A.

Genus PocccerRA.

Pococera, Zell., Tris., 1848, p. 874.

Tetralopha, Zell., Iris., 1848, p. 879.

Lanthaphe, Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1860,

207.

Benta, Wik., xxvii., p. 112 (1863).

Auradisa, Wlk., xxxiv., p. 1504 (1865).

Hemimatia, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 347.

Phidotricha, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1883,

p- 139.

Katona, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., p. 113 (1888).

Saluda, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., p. 113.

Loma, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., p- 114.

Wanda, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., p. 114.

Attacapa, Hulst., Ent. Am., v., p. 71 (1888).

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching just above vertex of

head, the 3rd short ; maxillary palpi filiform; antenne of male

Classification of the Pyralide. 45ST

fasciculate ; tibia smoothly scaled. Forewing with veins 7, 8, 9,

10 stalked; 11 free. Hindwing with the lower angle of coll

j . lite I

Pococera militella, g, 4.

produced ; veir 3 fromangle ; 4, 5stalked ; 6, 7 from upper angle ;

7 anastomosing with 8.

Sect. I. Antennze of male with a more or less strongly

developed process from basal joint ; a deep furrow

in cell of forewing above.

A, Forewing with veins 4, 5 from cell.

a. (Letralopha). Forewing of male with a fringe of

large scales on basal half of costa below.

(1). PococerRa MILITELLA, Zell., Iris., 1848,

p. 880. : : : : : ot UsSs Be

(2). Pococera RoBUSTELLA, Zell., Iris., 1848,

pSSla >: . : ; : SULTS eae

deta dilueulella, Grote, N. Am.

Ent., i., p. 60.

es talleolalis, Hulst., Tr. Am. Ent,

Soc., xiii., p. 160.

(3). -PococERA SUBCANALIS, WIk., xxvii, p.56. U.S. A.

(4). PococERA ASPERATELLA, Clem., Proc. Ac. Canada,

NoSex Phil. 1862, 3 207 anpiel. 5 | USP

+ Benta expandens, W\k., xxvii., p. 112.

(5). PococERA MELANOGRAMMOS, Zell., Verh.,

Z.B. Wien, 1872, p. 546, pl. 3, fig. 24 . U.S. A.

(6). PococERA SCORTEALIS, Led., Wien Ent. Texas,

Mon., 1863, p. 347, pl. 7, fig. 12 . ; Colombia.

b. (Auradisa). Forewing of male with no fringe of

scales on costa below.

(7). | PococERA GELIDALIS, WIk., xxxiv., p. 1505 Honduras.

| Myelois subalbella, Wik., xxxv., p. 1714.

458 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Lb. (Wanda). Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked.

(8). PococERA HUMERELLA, Rag., Ann. Ent.

em)

Soc. Fr., 1888, cli. . ; ‘ : a MUS Ac

Sect. II. (Pococera).—Antennz of male with no process

from basa! joint; forewing with no furrow ; veins

4, 5 stalked.

(9). PococeRA ATRAMENTALIS, Led., Wien Ent.

Mon., 1863, p. 347, pl. 7, fig. 11 °. . 8S. America.

Tetralopha scabridella, Rag., Ann. Ent,

Soc. Fr., 1888, p. exxxviii.

Phidotricha erigens, Rag., Aun. Ent. Soc.

Pr, 1888, p.exxxixe

~ (10). Pococrra VARIELLA, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc.

Fr., 1888, cli . : : : : eS ae

Type. (11).*PococerRa “GIBBELLA, Zell., Iris., 1848,

p. 874". ; : A ‘ 3 = \ Brazil,»

(12). -PococERA ALBULELLA, n. &p.

Q. Head and thorax greyand fuscous ; abdomen pale ochreous

irrorated with fuscous. Forewing grey irrorated with: fuscous; a

large blackish triangular patch on costa before middle with a tuft

of black and white scales at its apex ; traces of a medial line bent

inwards to costa, the area beyond it with a rufous tinge ; a diffused

postmedial black line excurved and waved between veins 7 and 3 ;

a diffused apical black patch ; a marginal series of black specks.

Hindwing pale yellowish ; the apical area suffused with fuscous ;

cilia white with a fuscous line through them.

Hab. Espiritu Santo, Brazil. Hep. 22 mm.

(13). | PocCOCERA MELANOLEUCA, Nn. sp.

@. Head, thorax and abdomen black and white ; collar tinged

with olive. Forewing with the base black, then a white band

followed by a black-edged olive band blackish at costa ; a white

medial band with black discocellular spot and patch on costa; a

waved postmedial black line with diffused olive and black beyond

it becoming grey at margin with a white costal spot at the post-

medial line and another on outer margin below apex ; cilia inter-

sected with black. Hindwing fuscous with a black submarginal

spot on vein 2; the cilia black at base.

Hab. Columbia. Exp. 22 mm.

Classification of the Pyralide.

Auctorum.

Tetralopha insularella, Rag., Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr.,

1888, p. 138 :

insularella, Moesch]., Abh. sonck. Gen

Ai, BLD) 6

a Suscolotella, Rag., Gin: Sie. Ent. Pr

1888, p. 151

nephelotella, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., 114

bapltisiella, Fern., Ent. Am., 12 28.

= tiltella, Hulst., Ent. Am.,, 1V., er

Attacapa callipeplella, Hulst., Ent. ans iv., 114.

Tetrulopha euphemella, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., 114.

Hemimatia rigualis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863,

p: 347, pl: 1, fig. 13 .

Preineisdalia Pag., Jahrb. Nass. ae

xxxix., 174 :

sealpellalis, Pag, Jahrb. Nae Ver,

xxxix., 173 :

3 clau: ditlit, Moesch., Abh. See ion

. xiv., 75 :

Pococeru melaunographella, Rag., Bull. Sac int.

Fr., 1888, p. 152 : : .

4: teranella, Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent. Ry

1888, p. 152

Lanthaphe platanella, Clem., P. Re INE one. Phil.,

1862, p. 207

Genus LEPIDOGMA.

Porto Rico.

Arizona.

eciee

DA Th MM

satel oatecal eg

Venezuela.

Aru.

Aru,

Jamaica.

Ws Syeae

Wis aA.

WU Sieac

Lepidogma, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1890, p. 402

Asopina, Christ., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1894, p- 06.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd _

of moderate length ; maxillary palpi minute; autennx of male

- SE

;

Lepidogma obatralis, g, } (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

fasciculate ; mid and hind tibiz with the outer terminal spur short.

Forewing narrow; the costa straight ; vein 3 from angle of cell ;

460 Sir George F. Hampson on the

4,5 approximated for one-third length, or stalked ; 7, 8 stalked ;

10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5

approximated for half their length 6,7 ona short stalk, 7 anas-

tomosing with 8.

Sect. I. Antenne of male with a large tuft of scales

from apex of basal joint.

A. Forewing with vein 9 given off from 8.

Type. (1). LEpmmoGMA TAMARICALIS, Mann., Verh.

Z.B. Wien, xxii., 124 A A . SS. Europe.

(2). tLEPIDOGMA RUFESCENS, Hmpsn., Moths

of India, vol. iv., p. 113 (¢) . . Bhutan.

B. Forewing with vein 9 coincident with 8.

(3). LEPIDOGMA OBATRALIS, Christ., Hor.

Ent. Ross., 1876, xu., p. 264,° pl. 7,

fig. 36.

}Hypotia vafifera, Swinh., P. Z.S., 1884, Central Asia,

p- 523, pl. 48, fig 8 : ; : . N.-W. India.

Sect. II]. Antenne of male with no tuft on basal

joint; forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked, 7 from 8

after 9.

(4). JLEPIDOGMA OLIVALIS, Swinh., A. M. N. H.

(6), xvi., p. 301 :

Ulotrichodes novalis, Warr., A. M N. H.

(6); xvii.,-p. 463: << ‘ ; 2 . W. India.

W. India.

Genus JOCARA.

Jocara, Wlk., xxvii., p. 115 (1863).

Toripalpus, Grote, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix.,

265 (1877).

Titanoceros, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1881, p. 62.

Palpi upturned, reaching well above vertex of head and hollowed

out to receive the bifurcate brush-like maxillary palpi ; antenne

of male fasciculate with a thickly scaled basal process extending

Classification of the Pyralide. 461

to collar ; tibia nearly smooth, Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 well

separated at origin ; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11

Jocarau breviornatalis, &, t.

free. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from

angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

(1). tJ ocARA BREVIORNATALIS, Grote, Proc. Bost.

Soe. N. Hi: cere 265 ; af » Us S27A8

(2). tJOCARA TRABALIS, Grote, Pap., i., 18 . OMe.

Type. (3). tJocara FRAGILIS, WIk., xxvii., 115 (¢) . St. Domingo.

(4). ¢JOCARA MONOSEMIA, Zell., Hor. Ent. Ross.,

XVi- (205, pl aa fir 23). : :

(5). JOCARA CATAXANTHA, Meyr., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1884, p. 63. ‘ : ; . Australia.

Brazil.

Auctorum.

Toripalpus incrustalis, Hulst., Ent. Am., iii, 130. U.S. A.

Genus ASTRAPOMETIS.

Astrapometis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 67.

Palpi upturned reaching vertex of head ; maxillary palpi fili-

form ; antenne of male fasciculate with short process from basal

joint; tibiz nearly smooth. Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 well

A strapometis saburalis, 3, {.

separated at origin ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11

free. Hindwing with vein 3 from well before the angle of cell ;

4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Type. }ASTRAPOMETIS SABURALIS, WIk., xix., 914 . Australia.

462. Sir George F, Hampson on the

Genus TERMIOPTYCHA.

Termioptycha, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1889, p. 504.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching well above vertex of head

and with a large tuft of scales on inner side at extremity, 3rd joint

well developed ; maxillary palpi filiform; antennx fasciculate

with paired tufts of scales behind them; legs with the tibiz

moderately hairy ; palagia with rough scales and hair ; pectus with

ridges of large scales; abdomen with lateral tufts at extremity.

Termioptycha cyanopa, &,+.

Forewing of male with the outer margin broadly folded over

below ; the cell roughly scaled; vein 3 from before angle of cell ;

4, 5 shortly stalked ; 6 from upper angle and curved; 7, 8, 9

stalked, and 10 slightly anastomosing with them to form an areole.

Hindwing of male very roughly scaled below and with a dense

fringe of short hair recumbent on costa ; vein 3 approximated to

4, 5, which are stalked ; 6, 7 from upper angle ; 8 free.

Type. *TERMIOpTYCHA CYANOPA,Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc.,

1894, p. 505. : : ; : ; - New Guinea.

Genus SPECTRATROTA,.

Spectratrota, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), vii., 426 (1891).

Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex of head, the 3rd joint

tufted with hair; maxillary palpi filiform; antenne of male

Spectratrotu jimbrialis, g,4.

ciliated, the basal joint dilated with scales; mid and hind tibiee

with. tufts of spinous hair on outer side at base and extremity.

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 463

Forewing of male with a large fovea on upper side at upper angle

of cell above vein 6 which is bent downwards ; a subbasal tuft of

hair on vein 1 ; veins 3, 4, 5 stalked in male, 3 from angle of cell

in female; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10,11 free. Hindwing of male witha

large tuft of hair at base of inner margin ; the lower angle of cell

produced ; vein 3 from before angle ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6,7 stalked ;

8 free.

+SPECTRATROTA FIMBRIALIS, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(Oye vile, ps 42d F whee . & ow Wea Ansiraliay

Genus MACALLA.

Macalla, Wik., xvi., 155 (1858).

Lamida, Wlk., xvi., 252.

Epipaschia, Clem., Proc. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1860, p. 14.

Salma, W1k., xxvu., 107 (1863).

Allata, Wlk., xxvii., 110.

EHxacosmia, W\k., xxxii., €09 (1865).

Calinipawa, W\k., xxxiv., 1218 (1865).

Aradrapha, Wlk., xxxiv., 1257.

Mochlocera, Grote, Can. Ent., viii., 151 (1876).

Telephasa, Moore, Lep. Atk., 200 (1888).

Parasarama, Warr., A. M.N. H. (6), vi., 474 (1890).

Orthotrichophora, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), vil, 429

(1891).

Pseudolocastra, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), vii., p. 249.

Palpi upturned, in female the 2nd joint long and reaching

above vertex of head, the 3rd long; antennz of male ciliated ;

tibie with tufts of spinous hair near base and extremity. Fore-

Macalla derogatella, 4,% (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

wing with veins 4, 5 closely approximated for one-third length ;

7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle of

cell; 4, 5 closely approximated for one-third length ; 6,7 from

angle of cell or shortly stalked ; 8 free.

464 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Sect. I. (Lamida). — Male with the 2nd joint of palpi

short, the 3rd immensely dilated and curved over

vertex of head with a hollow containing the maxil-

lary palpi which are tufted with long hair; paired

tufts of hair behind antennae.

(1). MacaLta MoncusALIS, Wlk., Cat. xvi.,

Da2o2 fis : . NE India:

tAllata Peniedtata, Wik, XXVilL., 111.

tOrthagaobscura, Moore, Lep. Ate. 201.

(2). TMACALLA SYRICTHUSALIS, Wlk., xvi. N.- E. India,

165 : - Borneo.

(3). TMACALLA NUBILALIS, Hinpans IL Het,, S. India,

LOW ple li. fie. Ge : : ‘ Ceylon.

(4). *MACALLA PHIDIASALIS, W1k., xvi., 166 . Borneo.

(5). fMACALLA INIMICA, Butl., A. M. N. H.();

iv., 448 . : : ; : . Japan.

(6). +tMac he A AMICA, Butl., JAY; EMLENE He (5);

iv., 447 . , : : . Japan.

(7). tMACALLA NIGRESCENS, Wan pA ES NAGE:

(6), vil., p. 428 (9 ) A 2 ; . Japan.

(8). tMAcALLA ALBIFUSA, Hmpsn., Moths of

india; volsivspslioert . : : . N.-E. India.

Sect. II. Palpi of male with the 2nd joint hollowed out

to receive the brush-like maxillary palpi.

A, Antennz of male with a short process from basal

joint.

a. Forewing of male with a very large glandular

swelling on costa beyond middle, the wing mem-

brane and neuration much distorted.

(9). MACALLA SAGARISALIS, Wlk., xvi, 160 . Borneo.

b. Forewing of male with small glandular swelling on

costa.

(10). fMACALLA RECURVALIS, WIk., xxvii., 107

(C2) ye P Australia.

+Exacosmia rubiginosa, “Wik, Xxxii., 609.

7 Crambus melanospilellus, Wik. Sev LOO:

Balanotis crypsaula, Meyr., Thence Ent.

Soc., 1887, p. 191.

(11). -MAcALLA MARMOREA, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), vil., p. 432 : : ‘ . Tasmania.

HON MACALLA cHoLica, Meyr., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1884, p.66(9) . “ F . Australia.

Classification of the Pyralide. 4.65

B. (Macalla). Antenne of male with a long process

from basal joint extending to end of thorax ; fore-

wing with no costal swelling.

Type. (13). (MACALLA THYRSISALIS, WIk., xvi., 156

+Aradrapha mixtalis, Wilk., xxxiv., 1257.

- Honduras.

(14). #{MACALLA HYPOXANTHA, Nn. sp.

¢. Head and thorax black with a few ochreous scales ; abdomen

wholly black. Forewing fuscous, the areas below basal part of

median nervures, at apex and outer angle tinged with rufous ;

an indistinct obliquely sinuous antemedial black line; large tufts

of black scales in end of cell and on discocellulars ; a minutely

dentate black postmedial line, oblique and defined by grey from

costa to vein 4 where it is strongly angled, angled inwards below

vein 2. Hindwing ochreous suffused with fuscous especially on

outer half ; brownish ochreous below, the costa suffused with black.

Hab. Sikhim, 1800’ (Dudgeon). Hwvp. 26 mm.

Sect. II. (Zelephasa)—Male with the maxillary palpi

filiform; the 2nd joint of palpi short, the 3rd

upturned straight, reaching far above vertex of

head and thickly clothed in front with down-

wardly directed hair; antennz fasciculate with a

short process from basal joint.

(15). MAcALLA DEROGATELLA, WIk., xxvii., 30 N.-W. and E.

+ Telephasa orbiculifera, Moore, Lep. Atk., Himalayas,

p. 201. Borneo.

tTelephasa nubilosa, Moore, Lep. Atk,

p. 201.

Sect. III. Palpi of male with a fringe of hair on Ist

joint above so that the palpi are thrown forward ;

the 2nd joint long with fringe of downcurved

hair longest towards extremity ; 3rd joint minute

and porrect; basal joint of antennze long without

process, the shaft set on at an angle.

(16). +Macata scopiruyNcHA, Hmpsn., Moths

Ind.,iv.,p.114 . : . . . Sikhim.

Sect. IV. Male with the palpi similar to female.

A, (Epipaschia). Antenne of male with a process from

basal joint recurved over thorax and fringed with

long hair and scales below.

466 Sir George F. Hampson on the

a. Male with the antennal process long.

(17). MacaLLA SsUPERATALIS, Clem., Pr. Ac.

N.S. Phil., 1860, p. 14 .

+Pyralis Meera. WI1k., xxxiv., 1226.

+Pyralis costiferalis, W1k., xxxv., 1977.

t+Deuterolyta borealis, Grote! Bull. Buff, i.,

pit.

Tetralopha olivalis, Hulst., Tr. Am, Ent.

Soc., xiil., p. 160.

(18). +tMAacaLLa ZELLERI, Grote, Can. ee

p. 157

(19). MAacaALLa VALIDALIS, “Wik. XLV, 1218 .

+Scopocera minor, Moore, es Atk., p. 203.

Peucela fumosalis, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), xvii., p. 461.

(20). tMacaLia PAPUENSIS, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), vil, p. 431 (9)

b. The antennal process of male short.

(21), tMacaLia FUNEREA, WIk., xxvii., 31.

(22). MacaLLa pyrasTIs, Meyr., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1887, p. 190 .

WeaiSey

N.-E. India,

Borneo.

New Guinea.

Australia.

B. Antenne of male with no process from basal

joint.

a. (Parasarama). Forewing of male with no glandu-

lar swelling on costa, and tuft of scales in cell

below.

a, Hindwing of male not clothed with silky scales,

and with no tuft of hair on inner area.

(23). MACALLA DIMIDIALIS, Snell., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1890, p. 568 : ,

(24). *M:z ACALLA PICTA, Warr, pA. MN. dii(6);

, p. 461

25). +MAc ACALLA PARYULA, hse Motte of

India, vol. iv., p. 115

(26). tMACALLA EXRUFESCENS, Hmpsn., Moths

of India, vol. iv., p. 116.

(27). +MAcALLA MARGARITA, Butl., Hl. Heb,

iii., p. 66, pl. 57, fig. 4 . ‘ : :

Locastra lativitta, Moore, Lep. Atk.,

p. 1994plid, ae. 1

Sikhim.

Queensland,

Bhuj, Cutch.

Sikhim.

Japan, N.-E.

India, Nilgiris,

Borneo.

Classification of the Pyralidx. 467

Parasarama conjuncta,Warr., A. M.N. H.

(6), xvil, p. 454

Parasarama rufitinctalis, Warr., A. M.

N. H. (6), xvil., p. 455.

(28). MAcALLA PHILIASALIS, WIk., xxvii., 104. Borneo.

(29). tMACcALLA CUPROVIRIDALIS, Moore, P. Z.5.,

1867, past ss 3 : * : . Sikhim.

bl. Hindwing of male clothed with thick silky scales

on both upper and undersides except the costal

area; a large tuft of hair contained in a fold on

inner margin.

(30). MAcALLA TEGULALIS, Wik., xxvii, 105 . Borneo.

b. (Mimaglossa). Forewing of male with a glandular

swelling at middle of costa.

al. Forewing of male with a tuft of scales in cell

below.

(31). tMacaLLaA NAUPLIALIS, WIk., xvii., 272 . Australia.

+Pyralis porphyralis, Wik., xxxiv., 1243

(32). MacaLLa HABITALIS, Guen., Delt. and

Pyr:. p: bzax(2). «. : - : . Tasmania.

Pyralis cereinalis, Wik., Trans. Ent. Soc.

(3), i, p. 121.

+Mimaglossa revulsa, Warr., A. M. N. 13 i

(6), vii, p. 428.

bl. Forewing of male with no tuft of scales in cell

below.

(33). *MACALLA MNESIBRYA, Meyr., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1884, p. 71. ‘ : : . Australia.

Auctorum.

Epipaschia interruptella, Rag., Bull. Soc.

Ent. Fr. (6), viil., p. 150 ; ; i US as

Genus C@nopomus.

Cenodomus, Wlsm., Tr. Linn. Soc., 1889, p. 49.

Alippa, Aurivilius, Ent. Tids., 1894, p. 176.

Palpi upturned, thickly scaled and hardly reaching vertex of:

head, the 2nd joint in male hollowed out to receive the brush-like.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—rarT Iv. (DEC.) 32

Type

468 Sir George F. Hampson on the

maxillary palpi ; antenne of male bipectinated to two-thirds length

with long branches decreasing distally and with a process fringed

with hair from basal joint ; tibiz and tarsal joints fringed with

hair. Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 from close to angle of cell;

Cenodomus hockingii, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

6 from upper angle; 7, 8,9 stalked; 10, 11 free; a large ante-

medial ridge of long hair from below the cell to inner margin, and

a tuft at upper angle. Hindwing with veins 3, 4, 5 from close to

angle of cell; 6, 7 from upper angle; 8 free; tufts of long hair

near lower angle of cell.

Sect. I. Antenne of male with the process from basal

joint short.

(1). tCa@Nopomus HOCKINGII, Wlsm., Trans. N.-W. and E.

Linn. Soc. Zool., v., 1889, p. 49, pl. 5 Himalayas,

Alippa anomala, Aurivilius, Ent. Tids., Bengal,

1894, p. 176. Java.

(2). tCaNODOMUS ROTUNDINIDUS, Hmpsn., Il.

Het., viii., p. 127, pl. 154} fig. 16 - . Nilgiris.

Sect. II. Antenne of male with the process from basal

joint reaching to end of metathorax.

(3). tC@NODOMUS DUDGEONI, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol. iv.,p.118 . F : - Bhutan.

Genus CECIDIPTA.

Cecidipta, Berg., Stett. Ent. Zeit., xxxix., p. 230

(1878). :

Palpi upturned and reaching vertex of head ; maxillary palpi

filiform ; antennz of male with short fasciculate branches, a tuft

Classification of the Pyralide. 469

of hair on basal joint ; tibie thickly friaged with hair. Forewing

with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9,

fo ess ‘

Cecidipta excecaria, g, 4.

10 stalked; 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of

cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle ; 8 free.

Type. CECIDIPTA EXCHCARIA, Berg., Stett. Ent. Zeit.,

MERE Pa Zzo0vho. 2 a ° . Argentina.

Genus LocastTRA.

Locastra, Wik., xvi., 158 (1858).

Homura, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 339.

Taurica, Wlk., xxxiv., 1268 (1865).

Palpi upturned and reaching vertex of head ; maxillary palpi

dilated with scales ; antenne of male minutely serrate and fasci-

culate ; tibiz fringed with long hair. Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5

Locastra crassipennis, 3g, (from Moths Ind., vol: iv.).

from angle of cell ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked.

Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ;

6, 7 from upper angle, 7 often connected with 8 by a bar.

Sect. I. Forewing of male with a glandular swelling

on costa at two-thirds from base ; hind tarsi fringed

with hair.

470 Sir George F. Hampson on the

A. (Locastra). Male with the process on basal joint. of

antennee large ; mid tibize extremely thickly clothed

with rough curved scales to near extremity.

Hindwing with the inner area clothed with long

hair.

Type. (1). +LocasTRA CRASSIPENNIS, WIik.,’xi., 558 . Assam,

Locastra maimonalis, Wlk., xvi., 159. Borneo.

B. (Taurica). Male with the process on basal joint of

antennz smaller ; mid tibize clothed with long hair

but without thick curved scales.

(2). tLocasTRA MUSCOSALIS, Wlk., xxxiv., 1269 China, N.-E.

tTaurica sikhima, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. India, Cey-

202, lon, Burma.

tLocastra cristalis, Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix..

Pato pl. ivZ, figs:

Sect. II. (Homura). — Forewing of male with no

glandular swelling on costa; mid and hind tarsi

not fringed w:th hair.

A. Antenne of male with long process from basal joint ;

hind with the inner area slightly hairy.

(3). Locasrra NocTURNALIS, Led., Wien Ent.

Mon., 1863, p. 340, pl. 7, fig. 7 ‘ . Brazil.

tHomura trisulcata, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6),

Vii., p. 434,

B, Antenne of male with no process from basal joint ;

forewing with patch of thick brown scales below

cell on underside. Hindwing broad with patch of

brown scales above in cell; claspers very large

with paired genital tufts.

(4). fLOCASTRA PACHYLEPIDALIS, Hmpsn., Moths

of India, vol. iv., p. 119. Bhutan.

Genus STERICTA.

Stericta, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., vii., p. 340 (1863).

Glossina, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 124 (1854) preoce.

Deuterolyta, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., vu., p. 398.

Pseudocera, Wik., xxvii., 116 (1863).

Classification of the Pyralide. 471

Canipsa, W\k., xxxiv., 1217 (1865).

Matalia, Wik., xxxv., 1727 (1866),

Phialia, Wik., xxxv., 1736.

Guoteelit, Grote, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix., 264

(1877).

(raneophora, Christ., Bull. Mosc., 1881, lvi. (1),

P Leptosphetta, Butl., Trans. Knut. Soc., 1878, p. 67.

Pycnulia, Zell., Hor. Ent. Ross., xvi., a8 187 (1833).

Sarama, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 203 (18 88).

Winona, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv. 113 (1887).

Belenopholis, ButL, Nl. Het., vii., p. 89 (1890).

Reselioides, Were ACM. N. H. (6), vii, p. 435.

Trichotophysa, Warr., AEM AN. HL: (6), Xvii., p. 457

(1896).

Palpi upturned and smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint reaching

above vertex of head, the 3rd long; tibiw slightly fringed with

hair, hind tibie with a terminal tuft on outer side, Forewing

Stericta haraldusalis, ¢,+ (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4,5 from angle ; 6 from or

from above upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10,11 free. Hindwing

with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4,5 from angle; 6,7 on a

short stalk: 8 free.

Sect. I. Antenne of male with a process on_ basal

joint recurved over thorax and fringed with long

scales.

A. Palpi of male with the 2nd joint hollowed out to

receive the brush-like maxillary palpi.

a. Forewing of male with no glandular swelling on

costa, and tuft of scales in cell below.

a’, Antenne of male ciliated..

472 Sir George F. Hampson on the

a®, (Stericta). Forewing with slight tufts of scales

below and beyond cell.

Type. (1). Srerrcra piviTacis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., N.-E. India,

p: 124, pl. 7, fig: 4 . : : Ceylon,

+Locastria pher quate WiIk., xvi., 159. Borneo.

(2). #SPERICTA EVANESCENS, Butl., A. M. N. H.

();me, p.110.C2):. : ‘ : . Solomon Isls.

(3). ¢STERICTA RUFESCENS, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol. iv.,p.120 . : : . Bhutan.

(4). STERICTA ASOPIALIS, Snell., Trans. Hat.

Soc., 1890, p. 568 . : : : . E.Himalayas.

(5). STERICTA CosPICUALIS, Led., Wien Ent.

Mon., 1863, p. 359, pl. 7, figs. 16,17 . Amazons,

Deuterolyta cristalis, Feld., Reis. Nov.,

pl. 136, fig. 17.

(6). {STERICTA EXTENSA, WIK., xxvii, 61 . . Guiana,Brazil

Homura granitalis, Feld., Reis. Nov., pl. 136,

fig. 15.

Hemimatia cacalis, Feld., Reis, Nov., pl. 136,

fig. 16.

+Deuterolyta variegata, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), vil. p. 433.

b°. (Craneophora). Forewing with ridge of long

hair beyond the cell and another below it.

Hindwing with ridges beyond cell and on inner

area.

(7). STERICTA* HARALDUSALIS, WIk., xvi., 160 Siberia,

Craneophora ficki, Christ., Bull. Mose., Japan, Hima-

1881, lvi. (1), p. 2. layas, Burma,

Scopocera variegata, Moore, Lep. Atk., Borneo.

p. 203, pl. 7, fig. 4.

+Belenopholis striata., Butl., Il. Het., vii.,

p. 90, pl. 134, fig. 3.

bl, Antenne of male minutely serrate and fasciculate ;

palpi with slight tuft of hair at extremity of

2Zud joint.

Classification of the Pyralide. 473

a*. (Sarama). Forewing with two large tufts of scales

below the cell, large tufts in and beyond the end,

a ridge below vein 2, and small tufts in the inter-

spaces between veins 2 and 5,

(8). $STERICTA ATKINSONI, Moore, Lep. Atk.,

pu 20t : 2 : : : . Sikhim.

b?. Forewing with slight tufts of scales below the

cell.

(9). #STERICTA BASIOCHRIALIS, Grote, Proc. Bost.

soc, NH. xix: 264 ©. : : ~. “Ua SEAS

(10). ¢STERICTA DISSIMILIS, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), vil., p- 435.(9 ) : : : . Brazil.

1 (Canipsa). Antennze of male thickened and flat-

Genes forewing with ridges of long hair beyond

the cell below veins 2 and 6, and a shorter ridge

above vein 6. Hindwing with ridges below vein 6

and between lower angle of cell and anal angle.

(11). ¢Srericra PYRALIATA, Moore, Lep. Atk,

p. 202; . : : ‘ : ; . Sikhim.

(12). Srericra stnuosa, Moore, Lep. Atk.,

p. 203, pl. 7, tig: 3 : ‘ : . E.Himalayas.

(13). STERICTA SUSPENSALIS, WIk., xxxiv., 1217 Borneo.

(14). STeERICTA AGLOssALIS, Warr., A. M. N. H. N.-W. Hima-

(6), xvil., p. 456. : : : . layas,Assam.

b. (Phialia). Forewing of male with a glandular swell-

ing at middle of custa and a ridge of large scales

in cell below.

(15).. FSTERICTA COSTIGERALIS, WIk., Tr. Ent. Australia,

Soe. (Sy) a. pr 121. : : Tasmania.

Phialia gelechiella, W\k., xxxv., “1736.

(16). *STeRicTA DEMOTIS, Meyr., ee Ent. Soc.,

188%, ps 187.C9) ; : 3 . Australia.

(17). STERICTA CONCISELLA, WIk., xxxv., 1728. Queensland,

Stericta rubroviridis, Warr., A. M. N. H. W. Austra-

(6), xvi., p. 463. lia.

(18), Srericra prasina, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6),

XVi., p.46269) . F ‘ : . Queensland.

474 Sir George F. Hampson on the

B. (Pseudocera). Maxillary palpi of male filiform.

(19): Meet INCONCISA, WIk., xxvii., 116 .~ Borneo.

(20), *STERICTA DAPHA, Druce, Biol. Gente Am.

Het., ii, p. 198, pl. 60, fig. 3 : . Centr. Am.

Sect. II. Antenne of male with no process from basal

joint.

A. (Leptosphetta). Palpi of male hollowed out to receive

the brush-like maxillary palpi.

a. Hind legs of male not tufted.

(21), *SrericTA MIANALIS, Feld., Reis. Nov., pl.

136;fie- 18 ~~. ‘ é . ; . Brazil.

b. Hind tibize and Ist tarsal joints of male with large

tufts of scales and hair; large patches of andro-

conia near lower angle of cell of both wings

below.

(22). Srericra scoprres, Feld., Reis. Nov., pl.

136, fig. 39. : : . Brazil.

+ Leptosphetta rahainel Butl., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1878, p. 67.

tPycnulia ministra, Zell., Hor. Ent. Ross.,

vi., p. 187, pl. 11, fig. 15.

(23). +Srericra aABRUPTA, Zell., Hor. Ent. Ross., Colombia,

_xvi., p. 189, pl. 11, fig. 16 5 : : Brazil.

B. Maxillary palpi filiform.

a, Forewing of male with no fovea beyond cell.

(24), +STERICTA CARNEOTINCTA, Hmpsn., Moths Sikhim, Pulo

of India, vol. iv., p. 123. ; : P Laut.

\. $STERICTA MIXTALIS, W1k., xxvii., 104 (9) Borneo.

6). *STERICTA PLUMBEFLOCCALIS, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol. iv., p.123 . Burma.

b. (Trichotophysa). Forewing of male with a large

fovea on underside below the discocellulars covered

with hair, and with vein 6 bent round it.

27). {STERICTA JUCUNDALIs, WIk., xxxiv., 1164; N.-E India,

Hmpsn., Ill. Het. ix., p. 172, fig. 7 . : Ceylon.

Trichotophysa olivalis, Warr.,A. M. N. H.

(6:, xvii, p. 457.

Classification of the Pyralide. 47

Auctorum.

Stericta wruginosa, Lucas, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. W.,

Wille ps loo.” %s : E - P . Queensland.

Genus OrrHaAGa.

Orthaga, Wlk., xvi., 191 (1858).

Edeta, W\k,, xvi., 198.

Catamola, Meyr., Trans. Knt. Soc., 1884, p. 63.

Balanotis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 69.

Pannucha, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 199 (1887).

Proboscidophora, Warr., A. M. N.H. (6), vii., p. 429

(1891).

Hyperbalanotis, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), vii., 433.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head and roughly scaled ;

antenne of male minutely serrate and fasciculate ; tibie nearly

smoothly scaled. Forewing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ;

Orthaga basalis, g,+ (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

4, 5 from angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Nindwing with vein 3 from

near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angie or shortly

stalked.

Sect. I. Antenne of male with a thickly scaled pro-

cess from basal joint, reaching to collar.

A, (Catamola). Male with the 2nd joint of palpi hollowed

out to receive the brush-like maxillary palpi; a

furrow on underside beyond upper angle of cell

above vein 6.

(1). fORTHAGA THYRISALIS, WIk., xvi., 167 . Australia.

Pyralis nigricalis, W\k., Trans. Ent. Soc.

(3), 1, ps 120:

476 Sir George F. Hampson on the

(2). *“ORTHAGA ATRIBASALIS, Warr., A, M. N. H.

(G)}scva.s spe 4O GON) ae : : - Queensland.

(3). TORTHAGA XANTHOMELALIS, Wlk., xxvili.,

alse Oy & : : : 5 é - Australia.

B. (Pannucha). Male with the maxillary palpi filiform.

a. Male with a glandular swelling on costa at two-

thirds from base, veins 10 and 11 bent round it,

and vein 6 bent down to near 5.

(4). TORTHAGA AZNESCENS, Moore, Lep. Atk.,

pZ00rs x ; : . N.-E. India.

Pannucha vicinalis, Snell aTifaie! ‘Ent, Soc.,

1890, p. 567, pl. 20, figs. 2, 2a.

(5). ORTHAGA BASALIS, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 200,

pine : : : . . N.-E. India.

(6). fORTHAGA OLIVACEA, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), vil. p. 433 : : . Japan.

(7).. FORTHAGA ACHATINA, Butl., Ill. Het, i p.

56, pl. 38, fig. 10. : ‘ . Japan.

(8). fORTHAGA VITIALIS, W1k., xix., 897 . . Ceylon, Aus-

+ Pyralis helv jalis TW lees 015, tralia.

+ Pyralis altusalis, W1k., xix., 1022.

b. Male with no glandular swelling on costa of fore-

wing ; vein 6 straight.

(9). *ORTHAGA EURYZONA, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol. iv., p. 128 : : 4 . Burma.

(10). ORTHAGA SEMINIVEA, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(G)Sacvasp: 463 (93) Oe: : “ - Queensland.

Sect. II. Antenne of male with no process from basal

joint.

A. (Orthaga). Palpi of male with the 3rd joint short ;,

forewing with a glandular swelling on costa at two-

thirds from base ; vein 6 bent down to near 5.

a. Maxillary palpi filiform.

Type. (11). fORTHAGA EUADRUSALIS, WIk., xvi., 191, India, Cey-

Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., pl. 178, fig. 2. lon, Borneo,

Orthaga acontialis, W1k., xxvii., 103.

Classification of the Pyralide. 477

(12). FORTHAGA MOLLERI, Hmpsn., Moths of

Imdia., vol. iv.,p. 126 . : 3 . Sikhim.

(13). OrrHaca RUpIS, W1k., Trans. Ent. Soe. (3),

ip. L569) ; ;

(14). fORTHAGA EXVINACEA, Hmpsun., Ill. Het.,

Vill alain plolot, fig, 9 (9) . . Nilgiris.

(15). fORPHAGA ROSEIPLAGA, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol. iv., p.124 : : . Bombay.

(16). fORTHAGA AUROVIRIDALIS, Hmpsn., Moths N.-E. and 8.

of India, vol. iv., p. 126 . : ; . India.

Nilgiris.

(17). fORTHAGA IRRORATA, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,ix.,

pe 156,pla Wiz the INGOs) s ; . Ceylon.

(18). OrrHaca HERCOPHORA, Meyr., Trans. Ent.

sec, 1884, p: 281 (2)... : : - Australia,

(19). fORTHAGA DIDYMALIS, WIk., xvii. 283. Australia.

Balanotis arctandalis, Lucas, P. Li. Soc.

N.S. W..(2), 1v..,.p. 1098.

b. Maxillary palpi triangularly scaled against the

frons ; forewing with the glandular swelling very

large ; an elongate fovea in cell containing a series

of verticle laminate plates.

(20). ORTHAGA ICARUSALIS, WIk., xvi., 199 . Borneo.

c. Palpi of male hollowed out to receive the brush-

ike maxillary palpi.

(21. FORTHAGA oNERATA, Butl., A. M.N.H. (5), Japan, N.-E.

iv., p. 447 , : : ‘ : . India,Borneo,

B. (Proboscidophora). Palpi of male with the 3rd joint

extremely long and porrect ; forewing with a fan

of large scales in cell below.

(22). ORTHAGA TRITONALIS ,WIk., xix., 906 - Borneo.

+ Orthaga rotundalis, Wik., xxvii., 106.

Auctorum.

Balanotis. hercophora, Meyr., Tr. Ent. Scc.,

1884, p. 281 . : : : : . Australia.

Balanotis ferruginea, Lucas, P. Linn. Soc.

N.S. W.., Vill.,p.106, 7- tomas - Queensland.

478 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus IsoLopHa.

Isolopha. Hmpsn., A. M. N. H. (6), xvi., p. 346 (1895).

Palpi porrect, extending about twice the length of head, the 2nd

joint fringed with hair above, the 3rd well developed ; maxillary

palpi filiform; antennze of female almost single ; tibie nearly

Isolopha lactealis, 9, +.

smooth. Forewing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from

angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10,11 free. Hind-

wing with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 approximated for a

short distance; 6, 7 from upper angle ; 8 free.

Type. };IsoLOPHA LACTEALIS, Hmpsn.,, A. M. N. H.

(6), xvi., p. 347 (2) ; : 2 «1, W.lndies,

Genera Auctorum.

Yuma adulatalis, WHulst., Ent. Am., iii.,

p. 129; and v., p. 65 3 : ‘ 2) US, AG

Subfamily EnpotricHin.

Proboscis well developed; maxillary palpi present; build

slender. Forewing with vein 7 stalked with 8, 9 (7 absent in

Hendecasis). Hindwing with the median nervure non-pectinate ;

vein 7 anastomosing with 8.

‘479

Classification of the Pyralide.

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KEY TO THE GENERA,

A. Palpi upturned.

a Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 stalked.

al Forewing with vein 2 absent .

b! Forewing with vein 2 present .

b Forewing with vein 3 from cell.

a! Palpi reaching well above vertex of head.

a* Forewing with the outer margin angled at

vein 4, 10 stalked with 7, 8, 9 3

b? Forewing with the outer margin evenly

curved, 10 free :

b! Palpi not reaching vertex of head.

a? Both wings with veins 4, 5 stalked or

closely approximated for some distance

b? Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked, hind-

wings with 4, 5 radiating from angle ;

the costa of forewing excised at middle

c? Both wings with veins 4, 5 well separated

towards origin « - : :

B. Palpi porrect.

@ Palpi straight.

a Palpi extending about the length of bead.

a” Palpi fringed with long hair below . 3

b? Palpi triangularly scaled : : .

b! Palpi oEaens twice to three times length of

ead.

a? Maxillary palpi triangularly scaled.

a’ Forewing with vein 7 absent.

a+ Hindwing with vein 5 present; fore-

wing with 8,9, 10 stalked . 5 lsh.

b4 Hindwing with vein 5 absent; fore-

wing with 10 from cell E ‘ 2 12:

b3 Forewing with vein 7 stalked with 8 9,10 15.

c? Forewing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked,

10 from cell

v2? Maxillary palpi with a pointed tuft nearly

as long as the labial palpi. E

b Palpi rostriform and downcurved.

a! Palpi extending about the length of head;

veins 4, 5 of both wings stalked .

bl Palpi extending about twice the length of

head.

a? Both wings with veins 4, 5 from cell.

a3 Maxillary palpi triangularly scaled; fore-

wing with the subcostal and median

nervures approximated S : :

b3 Maxillary palpi filiform ; forewing with

the subcostal and median nervures not

approximated . .. > Z :

b2 Forewing with veins 4, 5 from cell; hind-

wings with veins 4, 5stalked .

c? Both wings with veins 4, 4 stalked.

a® Forewing with vein7 present ; maxillary

palpi dilated with scales

b3 Forewing with vein 7 absent ;

palpi filiform - c 3 5

cl Palpi extending about four times length of

head and hollowed ont to receive the

brush-like maxillary palpi . : 5

C. Palpi with the 2nd joint porrect and thickly scaled,

the 8rd obliquely upturned, naked and

set on before the apexof 2nd . .

maxillary

Sir George F. Hampson on the

Ont

. Petta.

. Cangetta.

. Rodaba.

. Gauna.

. Endotricha.

. Scenedra.

. Persicoptera.

1. Enogenes.

22. Cotachena.

z ll.

. 18.

19:

al.

Hendecasis.

Ischnoscopa.

Burathema.

. Myrmidonistis.

Trichophysetis.

Rostripalpus.

Syntonarcha.

Centropseustis.

9. Cataprosopus.

14. Pleonectoides.

17. Parachmidia.

10.

Trieropise

Diplopseustis.

Classification of the Pyralide. 481

Genus Ropasa.

Rodtaba, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 205 (1888).

Palpi obliquely upturned, the 2nd joint reaching far above

vertex of head and fringed with hair on both sides, the 3rd acute ;

maxillary palpi minute and filiform ; antenne nearly simple ; tibie

with the spurs long. Forewing with the costa nearly straight ;

Rodaba angulipennis, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

the apex falcate ; the outer margin excised from apex to vein 4

where it is angled, then excised to outer angle; vein 3 from close

to angle of cell ; 4,5 from angle ; 7, 8, 9,10 stalked. Hindwing

with the apex somewhat produced ; vein 3 from near angle of cell ;

4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. }RopDABA ANGULIPENNIS, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 205 . Sikhim.

Genus ENDOTRICHA.

Endotricha, Zell., Iris., 1847, p. 593.

Doththa, W1k., xvii., 285 (1859).

Messatis, W\k., xix., 918 (1859).

Pacoria, Wik., xxxiv., 1255 (1865).

Zania, Wlk., xxxiv., 1256.

Tricomia, W\k., xxxiv., 1259.

Rhisina, Wlk., xxxiv., 1324.

Endotrichodes, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1890, p. 521.

Endotrichopsis, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), xvi., p. 467

1895).

Perisseretma, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), xvi., p. 468.

_, Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint hardly reaching vertex of head

and thickly scaled ; maxillary palpi minute and filiform ; antennz

of male ciliated, the basal joint somewhat dilated ; patagia of male

with long tufts of hair extending far beyond metathorax; abdomen

with thick lateral anal tufts; legs long, slender and smoothly

482 Sir George F. Hampson on the

sealed. Forewing usually long and narrow; the costa arched

towards apex, which is acute; vein 3 from before angle of cell;

Endotricha mesenterialis, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

4, 5 approximated towards origin or stalked ; 10,11 free, Hind-

wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 approximated

towards origin or stalked ; 6, 7 shortly stalked.

Sect. I. (Zania).—Male with the forewing very broad, the

inner margin expanded and lobed, the outer margin

erect. Hindwing very broad with a fold running

from the base through the cell to outer margin, the

inner area expanded and lobed.

A. Forewing of male with large tuft of long hair from

base of inner margin, the lobe greatly developed

and roughly scaled, the costa arched upwards

towards apex.

(1). *ENDOTRICHA DISPERGENS, Lucas, P. L. Soe.

N.S. W. (2), vi., p. 306 . ‘ : . Queensland.

B. Forewing of male with no tuft of hair; the lobe

rounded and smoothly scaled; the costa evenly

arched.

(2). -ENDOTRICHA THEONALIS, W1k., xix., 900 . China.

+Pyralis thermusalis, W1k., xix., 912.

+ Zania unicalis, W1k., xxxiv., 1257.

(3). TENDoTRICHA DECESsaLIs, W1k., xvil., 390; Ceylon,

and xxxiv., p. 1234. Hmpsn., Ill. Het., Burma,

ix ee, te: aL Lae : 5 : : Sambawa.

Sect. II. Male with the wings normal.

A, (Perisseretma). Maxillary palpi of male porrect,

twice as long as the labial, curved and meeting at

apex; fringed with long scales on inner side

towards extremity.

(4). *ENDOTRICHA ENDOTRICHALIS, Warr., A.M. N.-W. Hima-

N. H.(6);xvi., p. 468) ‘ ; ; layas.

Classification of the Pyrahd2. 483

DB. Maxillary palpi normal.

a. (Endotrichopsis). Palpi of male with the 3rd joint

long, recurved over head and with tuft of scales at

end of 2nd joint ; antenna of male with scale tooth

on basal joint.

(5). FENDOTRICHA PORTIALIS, W1k., xvii., 391 . Japan, Bor-

Doththa wacusalis, W1k., xix., 921. neo, Java.

Endotricha acrobasalis, Snell., Tijd. v.

Ent... xxxvi, p. 155, pl. x., fig. 1.

adatielapnil rhodopteralis, Warr., A. M.

N. H. (6), xvi., p. 467.

b. (Endotricha). Palpi of male normal.

a', Antenne of male with tooth on basal joint.

(6). TENDOTRICHA MESENTERIALIS, WI1k., xvii, Formosa, In-

285 ; and xix., p. 920. Moore, Lep. dia, Ceylon,

Ceyl., iii., pl. 178, fig. 8. Surma,

+ Endotricha suffusalis, Wik., xvil., 390. Java.

a “A Jlavifimbrialis, Warr., A. M,

N. H. (6), vili., p. 69.

+ Endotricha eoidalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent.,

XXXviii., p. 10, pl. v., figs. 2 and 3.

’ >’, Antenne of male normal.

(7). ENborricuA FLAMMEALIS, Schiff. —. iJurope.

(8). ENporricHa Ppykosatts, Guen., Delt. and j

Pyr.; peel. ; Australia.

Endotricha ignealis, Guen., “Delt. ial Pyr.,

p. 220.

+ Messatis sabirusalis, W1k., xix., 918.

+Paconia albifimbrialis, W1k., xxxiv., 1255.

+ Tricomia auroralis, Wik., xxxiv., 1259.

+ Rhodaria robina, Butl., A. M.N. H. (5), x.,

p. 26.

(9). TENDOTRICHA ALBICILIA, Hmpsn., HI. Het., “ikhim, §.In-

vili., p. 130, pl. 154, fig. 22 . 5 dia, Ceylon.

(10). FENDOTRICHA DOCILISALIS, W1k., xix., 913 Australia,

Endotricha ethopa, Meyr., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1884, p. 79.

(11). ENDOTRICHA STILBEALIS, WIk., xix., 913 Australia.

Endotricha heliopa, Meyr., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1884, p. 78.

TRANS, ENT, SOC. LOND. 1896.—parT iv. (DEv.)

(9)

484 Sir G

(12). -ENporRIcHA oBscURA, Butl., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1886, p. 427

(13). ENbDOTRICHA SONDAICALIS, Snell.,

vy. Ent., xxiil., p. 200 ; and xxvi,, pl. 6,

fig. 6 . : : :

t Doththa inital, Moore, Lep. Atk., p.

206.

(14). ENporricua cosrTm@MACULALIS, Christ.,

Bull. Mosc., 1881, 1., p. 4

Endotricha fuscobasalis, Rag.,

Fr., 1890, p. 526.

Ann. Soc.

(15). fENpDoTRICHA FUSCIFUSALIS, 1mpsn.,Moths

of India, vol. iv., p. 134

“ENDOTRICHA SERRATILIS,

Ent. Soc., 1890, p. 570 :

(17). apa poniines RUMINALIS, WIK., xvii, 387

Puralis ibycusalis, W1k., xix., 899

tEndotricha symphonialis, Hmpsn.,

Het., ix., p. 161, pl. 171, fig. 17.

(18). fENDorRIcHA LoRIcATA, Moore,

Atk., p. 206 :

+Pyralis ustalis, Hmpsn.,

p. 159, pl. 172, fig. 26.

(19). fENpDoTRICHA ARDENTALIS, Hmpsn., Moths

of India, vol. iv., p. 135

(20). PENDOTRICHA CONSOCIA,

(16). Snell., Trans.

Til.

Lep.

Ms Het, ix

NE. 2879, i1., p2452

(21). HONDomEn HA ICELUSALIS, W1k. aie 900

Rhodaria flavofascialis, Brom: Lep. E.

Sib., p. 65, pl. 6, fig. 1.

+Pyralis rosealis, W\k., xxxiv., 1236.

(22). FENDOTRICHA FLAVIFUSALIS, Warr., A. M.

N. H. (6), viil., p. 70 : :

ENDOTRICHA PERSICOPA, Meyr., Trans.

: Ent. Soc., 1889, p. 506 : :

(23). FENDOTRICHA RUFOFIMBRIALIS, Warr.,

A. M..N. H. (6), viii., p.69

(24). TENDOTRICHA LUTEOGRISALIS,

Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 136

(25). FENDOTRICHA PLINTHOPA, Meyr., Trans.

Ent. Soc., 1886, p. 214 : ‘

(26). *ENporricHa compsopa, Meyr., Trans.

Ent. Soc., 1887, p.195 .

szeorge F. Hampson on the

Butl., A. M.

Hmpsn.,

- Australia.

Tijd. N.-W. Hima-

layas, Sik-

him, Celebes.

Siberia, Japan,

Himalayas.

N.-W. Hima-

layas.

Sikhim.

N.-E. India,

Ceylon,

Burma.

Bengal, Cey-

lon.

Bhutan.

Japan.

Japan, China.

Borneo.

Borneo, New

Guinea.

Bhutan, Bor-

neo,

Bhutan.

Samoa.

Australia.

Classification of the Pyralide. 485

(27). -ENDOTRICHA DUPLICILINEA, Hmpsn., Il.

Petr. p. 159) plo lv: fie, 2h =. . Ceylon.

(28). FENDOTRICHA oRTUHOTIS, Meyr., Trans.

Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 476 . : : - Sambawa.

(29). tENDOTRICHA PUNCTICOSTALIS, WIk.,

Xxxive, 1524" : : ‘ . Australia.

Batons ustalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent.,

xxill., p. 201; and 1883, plG, fig. 7

(30). tENDOTRICHA LISTERI, Butl., P. Z.S., 1888,

p. 546. c ‘ : j ; . Christmas Is.

(31). *ENDOTRICHA RUFOTERMINALIS, Christ.,

Bull. Mosce., lvi., p. 34. : . Amur, Assam.

Cangetta penuate Warr., A. M.N. H. (6),

Xvil, p. 464.

(32). ENDOTRICHA PYGMALIS, Warr., A. M.

N. H. (6), xvii., p. 204 . : : . Assam.

(33). *ENDOTRICHA DRANCESALIS, W1k., xix., 961 Borneo.

Auctorum.

Endotricha consobrinalis, Zell., Lep. Caffr., p.

DAS? 5. : : - : : ; : + oS. Abrica:

Endotricha coreacelis, Pagenst., J. B, Nass. Ver.,

XXXVil., p. 266 : . : : : . Amboina.

Endotricha aglaopa, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc.,

1887, p. 196 : : : . Australia.

Hndotricha wammeralis, Pag., J. B. Naas. ae.

XXxix., p. 168 I : Avri.

Endotricha vinolentalis, Rag., fine, Ent, Soe Fr,

1891, p.525 : , : : W. Africa,

Endotricha ragonoti, Christ., Deutsche Ent. Zeit,

Lep., vi., p. 96 . : : ‘ ; : =) Cz Asia:

Endotricha rogenhoferi, Rebel, Ann. Hofm.

Wen’ vil.,.p. 249) plo xvii., fig. 1 : Canaries.

Endotricha crobulus, Tees Peolit Soc. NSW.

(2)) vik, p- 805. : - Queensland.

Budowieha suavalis, Snell. Tijd. v. Ent, XXXVlil.,

p. 113 ‘ ; 3 : . Java.

Endotricha aur Oeialis, Snell., aca! v. Ent.,

XXXVill.;'p. 115% : : ; : i . Java,

486 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus GAuUNA.

Gauna, Wlk., xxxiv., 1252 (1865).

CHdematophaga, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 73.

Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex of head, the 2nd joint

tufted with hair on inner side at extremity, the 3rd short ; maxillary

palpi short and filiform ; frons with a tuft of hair; antenne of

male fasciculate ; tibia moderately scaled. Forewing with the

Gauna egusalis, g, 4.

costa arched towards apex ; vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5

approximated for a short distance ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, &, 9

stalked ; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with veins 3, 4, 5 well separated

at origin ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

fype. TGAUNA ZGUSALIS, WIk., xix., 912

tGauna subferralis, W1k., xxxiv., 1213.

6 . Australia.

Genus ScENEDRA.

‘Scenedra, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 75.

Palpi upturned, hardly reaching vertex of head and _ thickly

scaled ; maxillary palpi minute and thickly scaled ; frons rounded ;

Scenedra decoratalis, 3, 1.

antenne of male fasciculate ; patagia of male reaching just beyond

metathorax ; tibia moderately scaled. Forewing with the costa

excised at middle ; vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked ;

Type.

Classification of the Pyralidx. 487

6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with

vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper

angle.

FSCENEDRA DECORATALIS, W1k., xxxiv., 1242 . Australia.

t Pyralis contentalis, W1k., xxxiv., p. 1247.

Genus PersicopTera.

Persicoptera, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 283.

Palpi upturned and reaching halfway to vertex of head, the

2nd joint fringed with long scales in front, the 3rd short ; maxil-

lary palpi minute and filiform ; frons rounded : antennz of male

fasciculate ; tibize smoothly scaled. Forewing with vein 3 from

Persicoptera pulchrinalis, 2, +.

before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 from upper angle;

7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10 free ; 11 anastomosing with 12. Hindwing with

vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper

angle.

PERSICOPTERA PULCHRINALIS, Guen., Delt. and Australia,

Pye. p. 220) pl. in., fig. 2... : a : : Tasmania.

Scopula gavisalis, Wik., xxxiv., 14795.

Genus CaNncETTA.

Cangetta, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., p. 314 (1886).

Palpi upturned and hardly reaching vertex of head, the 2nd —

joint fringed with hair below, the 3rd conically scaled; maxillary

palpi as long as the labial, and dilated with scales at extremity ;

frons flat and oblique ; antenne annulated with rings at the

joints ; legs long and slender ; tibia somewhat hairy. Forewing

488 Sir George I’. Hampson on the

somewhat narrow ; the cell short; veins 2, 4, 5 stalked; 6 from

well below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9,10 stalked. Hindwing with the

Cangetta rectilinea, 3, 3 (from Moths Ind.,, vol. iv.).

cell very short ; vein 3 from angle; 4, 5 on a long stalk; 6, 7

from upper angle, 7 anastomosing strongly with 8.

Type. (1). fCANGETTA RECTILINEA, Moore, Lep. Ceyl.,

iii; pol, pl.‘182, fig: 3. : ;

+Paraponyx griseolalis, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,

ix., p. 176, pl. 174, fig. 12.

(2). CANGETTA ALBOCARNEA, Warr., A.M.N.H. Assam, Cey-

(6), xvil., p. 149. : ; : . lon, Pulo Laut.

Ceylon.

Auctorwm.

Paraponyx hartoghialis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent.,

(2), vii., p. 97, pl. 7, figs. 14, 15 ‘ : . Guinea.

Genus Perra.

Petia, Warn, A.M. N.oE. (6); xvi., 9.4609) (189) ae

Palpi obliquely upturned, the 2nd joint fringed with very long

hair below, the 3rd long, naked and acute ; maxillary palpi long

and triangularly scaled ; antenne of male ciliated; tibiz nearly

Ww x

Petta costistrigalis, g, 3 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

smooth, the spurs long. Forewing with the outer margin excised

below apex ; vein 2 absent ; 3, 4, 5 stalked ; 6 from upper angle ;

7, 8, 9, 10, 11 stalked. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle of cell,

or stalked with 4, 5 ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Sect. I. Hindwing with vein 3 from cell.

(1). fPETTA CosTISTRIGALIS, Hmpsn., Moths of

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. ASQ

Sect. II. Hindwing with vein 3 stalked with 4, 5.

(2). Petra ALTERNATA, Warr., A. M. N.H.(6), Assam, Bor-

xv1., p. 469 : neo, Sam-

bawa.

Genus DipetLopseustts.

Diplopseustis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 284.

Palpi porrect, the 2nd joint extending about twice the length of

head and thickly scaled, the 3rd obliquely upturned and set on

before the apex of 2nd joint ; maxillary palpi large and triangularly

scaled ; frons oblique ; antenne of male somewhat thickened and

flattened ; tibize with the outer spurs about’ half the length of

Diplopseustis minima, g, 1.

inner. Forewing with the apex somewhat acute ; the outer margin

excised below the apex; vein 3 from close to angle of cell;

4,5 stalked; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 free.

Hindwing with the outer margin excised below apex ; vein 3 from

angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

DIPLOPSEUSTIS PERIERESALIS, WIk., xix., 958 . Formosa, As-

tCymoriza minima, Butl., P. Z. 8., 1880, p. sam, Aus-

684 — tralia, N.

Diplopseustis constellata, Warr., A. M. N. H Zealand,

(6), xvil., p. 464. Fiji.

Diplopseustis pallidalis, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6),

xvil., p. 465.

Sufetula nana, Warr. A. M. N. H. (6), xvii,

p. 225.

Auctorum.

Diplopseustis prophetica, res Trans. Ent. Soc,

1887, p. 198 : : : . Australia.

490 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus CatTAPROSC Pus.

Catapivsopus, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1881, p. 589.

Prosboscis minute ; palpi porrect, downearved, extending about

twice the length of head and fringed with hair on both sides ;

maxillary palpi with a pointed tuft of hair from extremity ; frons

with a sharp tuft ; antenne of male almost simple ; tibis smoothly

scaled. Worewing with the costa arched at base then nearly

straight, the outer margin excurved below apex then excised to

Cataprosopus monstrosus, @, +.

outer angle : male with a glandular swelling at base of costa below

fringed with long hair; vein 3 from far before angle of cell ;

4, 5 from angle; 6 from just below upper angle; 7, 8 9, 10

stalked; 11! free. Hindwing with the outer margin slightly

excised between veins 6 and 2 ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ;

4,5, 6 and 7 stalked.

Type. +Cararrosopus Monsrrosvs, Butl, Trans. Ent.

Soe, 183l,p.590 . 5 ; F : . Japan.

Genus '!'RIEROPIS.

Trieropis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1886, p. 218. \

Palpi porrect, rostriform, downcurved, extending about four

times length of head and thickly scaled, hollowed out to receive

the long brush-like maxillary palpi ; frons produced to a flat

3 > y 1

Trieropis nesias, g, }.

projection; antennz of male thickened and annulate ; tibie with

tne spurs long and even. Forewing with the apex produced toa

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 4.91

point, the outer margin excised below it; veins 3, 4, 5 from angle

of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked ; 11 free. Hind-

wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 from above angle ; 6, 7

from uppev angle.

FTrieropis Nestas, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc.,

1886, p. 218 . : ; : ; . Tonga.

Genus T'RICHOPHYSETIS.

Trichophysetis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 287.

Callinaias, Swinh., ‘Trans. Ent. Soc., 1890, p. 286.

Crasigenes, Meyr.,'l'rans. Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 476.

Alpherakia, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1890, p. 520.

Palpi porrect, about twice as long as head and thickly tufted

with hair hiding the 3rd joint; maxillary palpi with a long

Trichophysetis nigricincta, g,4 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

pointed tuft of hair from extremity extending nearly as far as

the labial palpi ; frons rounded ; antennz thickened and flattened ;

legs with the spurs long and equal. Forewing with the apex

rounded ; veins 3, 4 from angle of cell ; 5 from above angle ; 7, 8,

9, 10 stalked, or 7 absent, or 10 from cell. Hindwing with vein 5

from above angle of cell, which is short ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Sect. I. (Trichophysetis).—Hindwing with veins 3, 4 from

cell.

A. Forewing with vein 7 present.

a. Forewing with vein 10 stalked with 7, 8, 9.

(1). fTRICHOPHYSETIS CRETACEA, Butl., Ill. Amur, Japan,

Ffet:, ii., p..45,; pli.59,:fig.'8" d : Australia,

Paraponyz obnubilalis, Christ., Bull. Mosc., | Norfolk, Til.

lvi.,p..32.

Trichophysetis neophyla, Meyr., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1884, p. 287.

492 Sir George F. Hampson on the

~ 6. Forewing with vein 10 from cell.

(2), TRICHOPHYSETIS NIGRIPALPIS, Warr., A. M.

N. Hi. (5), xvii., p 149 : ; . Assam.

B. Forewing with vein 7 absent.

(3), TRICHOPHYSETIS NIGRIDISCALIS, Warr.,

AMON, Hi 3(6)) xvi, peo : . Assam.

Section IT. (Callinatias). — Hindwing with veins 3, 4

stalked.

(4). -Trichopuyseris NIGRICINCTA, Hmpsn., Il. Assam, Cey-

Het., 1x.pe 180;pl. 174, fig. 15 : lon.

(5). [TRICHOPHYSETIS GRACILENTALIS, Swinh., N.-E. India,

- Trans, Ent. Soc., 1890, p. 287, pl. 8, fig. 6 Burma.

(6). |TRICHOPHYSETIS MICROSPILA, Meyr., Trans.

Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 477 . ; : . Sambawa.

(7). TRICHOPHYSETIS FUMILAUTA, Warr., A. M.

N.. Ei.(G), xviii, p: 405 9: , : . Assam.

Genus IscHNnoscopa.

Ischnoscopa, Meyr., Trans. Hut. Soc., 1894, p. 464.

Palpi porrect, thickly scaled and extending twice the length of

head; maxillary palpi triangularly dilated with scales: frons

rounded ; antennz laminate ; tibize with the spurs nearly equal.

Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 well separated at origin ; 6 from well

Ischnoscopa chaleozona, @, 3.

below upper angle; 7 absent ; 8, 9 stalked ; 10,11 free. Hind-

wing with veins 3, 4 well separated at origin ; 5 absent ; 6, 7 from

upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Type. +IscHNOSCOPA CHALCOZONA, Meyr., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 183+, p. 45 : : : : E . Sambawa.

Classification of the Pyralide. 493

Genus Henvecasis.

Hendecasis, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 140

(1896).

Palpi porrect, straight and nearly naked, about three times

length of head, the 2nd joint long, the 3rd well developed ; maxil-

lary palpi triangulariy scaled; frons rounded ; antenne annulate

Hendecasis duplifascialis, @, § (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

and somewhat thickened. Forewing with the apex acute; the

outer margin excurved at middle ; veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ;

6 from upper angle; 7 absent ; 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hindwing with

veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. (1). (HENDECASIS DUPLIFASCIALIS, Hmpsn., Ill, W. Africa,

Efetanvills, pa La), pl. 156, fig. 18. . India, Ceylon.

(2). fHENDECASIS FULVALIS, Hmpsn., Ill. Het., _

ae ix., p. 180, pl..174, fig. 7. 5 5 . Ceylon.

(3). }HENDECASIS APICIFERALIS, WIk., xxxiv., |

1236 F ; , : : : . China.

Genus PLEONECTOIDES.

Pleonectoides, Hmpsn., 1). Het., viii., p. 134 (1891).

Palpi porrect, rostriform, projecting about twice the length of head,

the 2nd joint thickly scaled, the third hidden by hair ; maxillary palpi

dilated with scales ; frons oblique; antennz annulated with rings

Pleonectoides vinacea, , + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

at the joints ; legs long and slender, the outer spurs about half the

length of inner ; abdomen with lateral tufts towards extremity. °

Forewing long and narrow ; vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5:on-a

long stalk ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, and 11

4.94. Sir George F. Hampson on the

closely approximated to them. Hindwing narrow; vein 3 from

angle of cell ; 4, 5 on a long stalk ; the cell short ; 6, 7 stalked.

Type. (1). }PLeonEcrores vinacka, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,

Vill... p: 1345, pl. 155, p09: |. . . SS. India.

(2). *“PLEONECTOIDES SERICEA, Hmpsn., Moths Assam, Sam-

of India, vol.iv., p. 141. : : : bawa.

Genus BuraTHEMa.

Burathema, Wik., xxvii., 19 (1863).

Palpi porrect, straight, and extending about twice the length of

head, the 3rd joint prominent ; maxillary palpi triangularly scaled ;

frons rounded; antennz of male very much thickened and flat-

tened, and roughly scaled ; tibiae with the spurs long and even.

. 3957 @ 1

Burathema divisa, 3, +.

Forewing with the apex slightly produced and acute ; vein 3 from

well before angle of cell ; 4, 5 separate at or'gin; 6 from below

upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hindwing with veins

3, 4, & well separated at origin ; 6, 7 form upper augle.

Type. +BuraATHEMA DIVISA, WIk., xxvii, 19. é - Borueo.

Genus MyrmiponistIs.

Myrmidonisiis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1887, p. 196.

Palpi porrect, straight, projecting about two and a half times

the length of head, and thickly fringed above and below with hair ;

maxillary palpi dilated with scales; frons flat and oblique ;

Myrmidonistis hoplora, g, }.

antennz of male annulate and ciliated, the base of shaft excised

and contorted; hind tibiz with the outer spurs minute. Fore-

wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell; 6 from upper angle ;

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 495

7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with the outer margin

straight from apex to vein 2, then truncate ; veins 3, 4, 5 from

angle of cell ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

“*MYRMIDONISTIS HOPLORA, Meyr., Trans, Ent.

Soc., 1887, p.197 —. 3 : 3 ‘ . Australia.

Genus PaRrAcHMIDIA, Dov.

Palpi porrect, downcurved, extending about twice ihe length of

head, the 2nd joint angled with scales above, the 3rd long ; max-

illary palpi long and filiform ; frons with a tuft of hair ; antenne

of male ciliated. Forewing of male with a hyaline fovea in cell ;

the costa arched towards apex, which is rectangular ; vein 3 from

before angle of cell ; 4, 5 stalked ; 6 from upper angle ; 7 absent ;

8, 9, 10 stalked ; 11 from cell. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle

of cell; 4, 5 stalked ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing moderately

with 8.

+tPARACHMIDIA FERVIDALIS, WIk., xxxiv., 1461. St. Domingo.

Scopula prodigalis, W1k., xxxiv., 1461.

Genus RostrripaLPvs.

Rostripalpus, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 142

(1896).

Palpi rostriform, downcurved, thickly scaled and extending about

the length of head ; maxillary palpi minute and filiform ; frons

Rostripalpus longipennis, 2, 2 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.),

with a slight tuft; antenne of female minutely ciliated ; tibize

with the spurs long. Forewing very long, narrow and produced at

apex ; vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked; 10,11 free. Hind-

wing with vein 3 from angle of cell ; 4, 5 stalked ; 6, 7 from upper

angle, 7 anastomosing strongly with 8.

tRosTRIPALPUS LONGIPENNIS, Hmpsn., fl. Het.,

viii., p. 128, pl. 154, fig. 20. : ; A . Nilgiris.

Type.

4.96 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus SYNTONARCHA.

Syntonarcha, Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 1890,

p. 1107.

Palpi porrect, downcurved, extending about twice the length of

head, the 2nd joint fringed with hair above and below, the 3rd

slightly fringed below ; maxillary palpi triangularly scaled ; frons

with a conical prominence ; antenne nearly simple; tibie with

the outer spurs about half the length of inner. Forewing with the

costa highly arched; median and subcostal nervures closely

Syntonarcha iriastis, g, 4.

approximated for three-fourths length, then expanding to form

end of cell; veins 2 and 3 muchcurved, the latter from long before

end of cell ; 4, 5 well separated at origin ; 6 from upper angle;

7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10 from well before end of cell; 11 much curved.

Hindwing with vein 3 from near end of cell; 4, 5 approximated

for some distance ; 6, 7 stalked,

“SyNTONARCHA IRIASTIS, Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc.

N.S. W.,, 1890,%p: 1107. A ; = . Australia.

Genus CENTROPSEUSTIS.

Centropseustis, Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., 1890,

p. 1105.

Palpi rostriform and downcurved, thickly scaled and extending

about twice the length of head; maxillary palpi minute and fili-

Centropseustis astrapora, , +.

form ; frons with a tuft of hair ; antenn of male minutely serrate

and ciliated; tibiz smooth. Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 well

Classification of the Pyralide. 497

separated at origin; 6 from upper angle ; 10 anastomosing with

7, 8,9; 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ;

4, 5from angle ; 6,7 stalked.

Type. CENTROPSEUSTIS ASTRAPORA, Meyr., Proc. Linn.

Soc. N. S. W., 1890, p. 1106 . ; : . Australia.

Genus CHNOGENES.

Gnogenes, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 75.

Palpi porrect, extending about the length of head and fringed

with long hair below ; maxillary palpi filiform ; frons rounded ;

antenne of male strongly ciliated ; tibiw fringed with hair on outer

CEnogenes fugalis, 3, 4.

side. Forewing with the costa arched towards apex ; vein 3 from

before angle of cell ; 4, 5 fromangle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9

~ stalked ; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of

cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle. .

Type. CENOGENES FUGALIS, Feld., Reis. ‘Nov., pl. 134, Australia,

fig. 37 ° = . ° : . ° . Tasmania.

Genus CoracHena,

Cotachena, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., p. 275 (1885).

Mesothyris, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), ix., p. 300 (1892).

Palpi porrect, triangularly scaled, the 3rd joint hidden by hair ;

maxillary palpi filiform ; frons rounded ; antenne of male with

Cotachena histricalis, 3, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

long cilia ; hind tibie with the outer medial spur about half the

length of inner. Forewing with the retinaculum formed by a

Type.

498 Sir George F. Hampson on the

large valve of scales from below median nervure in both sexes ;

the costa arched towards apex ; the outer margin oblique ; the

cell short ; vein 3 from 4 beyond angle ; 5 closely approximated

to 4 for half its length; 6 from upper angle ; 10,11 free. Hind-

wing with the cell very short-; vein 3 from angle of cell ; 4, 5

approximated for about one-fourth length ; 6, 7 from upper angle,

7 anastomosing strongly with 8.

(1), -COTACHENA HISTRICALIS, W1k., xviii., 655. China, India,

Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix., pl. 172, fig.5 =. Ceylon.

+ Archernis pubescens, Warr,, A. M.N. H. (6),

ix., p. 300.

(2). HCoradHmNa TRINOTATA, Butl., A. M. N. H. Tenimber,Dili

(5) px pode? ; . Solomons.

Cotachena peractalis, Wert ne M. N. H.

(6), xvil., p. 465.

(3). TCOTACHENA ALUENSIS, Butl., A. M. N. H.,

LSS pal25" oe . Queensland,

Cotachena fenestralis, Ware’ A. M. N. H. Solomons.

(6), xvi., p. 470.

Genera Auctorum.

Imerina mabillalis, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

1890, p. 96, and Mon. Phye., pl. iv., fig. 6 . Madagascar.

‘Nymphicula stipalis, Snell., Midd. Sum., p. 78,

play: nelle. : : : : : . Sumatra.

Nymphicula infuscalis, Snell, Tijd. v. Ent.,

Xxill., p. 246, & xxvii., pl. v., fig. 6 : . Celebes.

Nymphicula acuminatalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent.,

EXHI., p..246, & xxvil, pl. v., fig. 7 . ‘ . Celebes.

Subfamily Pyrarine.

Proboscis usually well-developed ; maxillary palpi present and

usually filiform. Forewing with vein 7 stalked with 8,9. Hind-

wing with the median nervure non-pectinate ; vein 8 free.

499

of the Pyralide.

von O

Classificat

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TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND, 1896,—parrt rv.

500

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Hind tarsi with no tuft of hair on 1st joint.

a Mavillary palpi long and triangularly scaled ; palpi

long, upturned or straight and porrect, the

8rd joint long and acuminate; an enne of

male pectinated =. :

b Maxillary palpi filiform, except i im some genera

with downcurved palpi.

al Palpi with the 2nd and 3rd joints upturned.

a* Proboscis absent or minute.

a? Forewing with vein 9 stalked with 7, 8;

hindwing with vein 4 present.

a* Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9

a Palpi with no teft of hair in front of

2nd joint.

b° Palpiwith a tuft of hair in fr ont of £ Ond

joint 5 \

b4 Forewing with vein 7 from 8 after 9

b8 Forewing with vein 9 from cell; hindwi ing

with vein 4 absent : : :

b? Proboscis we'l developed.

a3 Abdomen long and dilated at extremity ;

antenne of male with short branches .

bs; Abdomen normal; antenne of male

ciliated : 2

a* Hindwing with veins 4, 5 5 stalked —

a? Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9.

b® Forewing with vein 7 from 8 after 9 .

bt Veins’ 4, 5 of each wing approximated

for about one-third length.

a> Forewing with the costa not excised .

b° Forewing with the costa excised at

middle 5 :

ct Veins 4, 5 of neither wing g approximated

towards or igin.

a Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9

a® Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching

tar above vertex of head

7 Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching

vertex of head

a8 Maxillary palpi well developed.

b§ Maxillary palpi minute.

a® Palpi broadly sealed in front .

b® Palpi slender and smoothly

scaled . 2

b7 Palpi very short and not reaching

vertex of head. :

b° Forewing with vein 7 from 8 after 9.

a’ Forewing with vein 11 anastomosing

with 12 4 c

bs Forewing with vein VW nee anasto.

mosing with 12 . . 5

b! Palpi obliquely upturn ned, the 8rd joint porrect.

a* Forewing with veins ‘4, 5 approximated for

about one-third length.

a3 Proboscis well developed ; antenne of male

ciliated . 5

b3 Proboscis minute ;

short branches : :

b? Forewing with veins 4, 5 not approxima ted

towards origin.

antenn® of imale with

. 38.

Je)

Sir George F. Hampson on the

Sindris.

. Aglossa

Hypotia

Ulotricha.

Crocalia.

. Vitessa.

. Pyralis.

Hypsopygia.

Tegulifera.

. Hypanchyla.

. Paracme.

. Larice.

. Stemmatophoru.

. Cardamyla.

Curena.

. Catacrocis.

. Euryzona.

Herculia.

Tamraca.

Classification of the Pyralide.

a Forewing with vein 7 from 8 after 9 . - 19.

b3 Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9 2 20;

cl Palpi straight and porrect.

a2 Veins 4, 5 of each wing approximated for

about one third length.

a3 Palpi with a long sharp tuft of hair at end

of 2nd joint below 5 ; P . 42,

b3 Palpi with no tuft of hairon 2nd joint —. 47.

vb? Veins 4, 5 of neither wing approximated

towards origin.

a3 Maxillary palpi well developed ; palpi about

the lenzth of head; forewing with vein

7 from 8 before 9 . é 0 : :

b3 Maxillary palpi minute; palpi about two

and a-half times length of head;

forewing with vein 7¢ from 8

after 9. 5 : 5 : F . ai.

d' Palpi rostriform and downcurved at extremity.

a2 Forewing with vein 6 trom the cell.

a’ Palpi less than twice the length of head.

at Maxillary palpi triangularly scaled.

a Proboscis minute; palpi moderately

sealed. 5 Fi 5 : . 44,

b5 Proboscis well developed; palpi clothed

with long hair : 43.

b! Maxillary palpi filiform and well de-

veloped; frons usually with a sharp

tuft.

a> Veins 4, 5 of neither wing approxi-

mated towards origin.

aS Palpi fringed with long hair on 2nd

joint below ; c ‘ BOO!

b Palpi not fringed with hair below.

a’ Abdomen without dorsal tufts ;

forewing with the costa not

arched at base ; : 2

b? Abdomen with dorsal tufts ; fore-

wing with the costa arched at

base. : 5 :

b> Veins 4, 5 of each wing approximated

for about one-third length, or

forewing with 4,5 stalked . 5 AY

ct Maxillary palpi minute.

a® Frons with a tuft of hair; proboscis

minute é ; 5 : 5

b® Frons smooth; proboscis well de-

veloped.

a® Forewing with veins4, 5 from angle

of cell . - . : 5 2 36.

b§ Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked —. 27.

bs Palpi more than twice the length of head.

at Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9.

a Maxillary palpi triangularly scaled.

a® Palpi fringed with hair below ;

proboscis minute.

a? Hindwing with veins 4, 5 well

separated at origin . 3 - 46.

v7 Hindwing with veins 4, 5 froma

ot . . . . ~ 4D:

b§ Palpi thickly fringed witb hair

above and kelow; proboscis

well developed. C ‘ ,

a Eereae with vein 10 from the

cell.

34.

26.

24.

501

Rhynchopygia.

Triphassa,

TLoryna.

Tyndis.

. Discordia.

Proteinia.

. Constantia.

Tretopteryx.

Lophopalpvia.

Bostra.

Omphalocera.

Paractenia.

. Zitha.

Dilowxia.

Toccolosida,

Cledeobia.

Actenia,

Lamacha.

502 Sir George F. Hampson on the

v7 Forewing with vein 10 stalked

Wilby Sse9) | 1s F 5 . 23. Omphalobasis.

b® Maxillary palpi filiform ; frons with a

sharp tuft; hindwing of male

with a tuft of hair near inner

margin above . 5 . 80. Prosaris.

c> Maxillary palpi minute ; frons smooth;

palpi with the 2nd joint short,

the 8rd long, in male with a

fringe of hair on inner side mis

from a groove . 31. Trebania.

b+ Forewing with vein 7 from 8 after 9 c . 39. Mapeta.

b? Forewing with vein 6 stalked with 7, 8, 9.

a3 Forewing with vein 7 from 8 after 9.

at Forewing with the costa lobed near

base . : : ‘ : : . 82. Xenomilia.

b* Forewing with the costa evenly curved . 33. Heterocrasa.

b3 Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9.

as Forewing with vein 10 free . 22. Hyboloma.

b+ Forewing with vein 10 stalked "with

€,7,8,9 . 40. Orybina.

B. Hind tarsi with a large tuft of hair. on Ist joint.

a Palpi long rostriform and fringed with hair in

male, “upturned i in female. . 21. Rhynchetera.

b Palpi long rostriform and smoothly scaled in

both sexes; male with tufts of hair at end of

2nd and 3rd joints, forming a cavity .

c Palpi short and straight, ae rence beyond

the frontal tuft ; F . 28. Sacada.

37. Propachys.

Genus VITESSA.

Vitessa, Moore, Lep. H. I. C., p. 299 (1858).

Palpi upturned, slender, and smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint

reaching vertex of head, the 3rd long ; maxillary palpi dilated with

scales ; antennz of male bipectinate with the branches dilated at

extremity, in female thickened and flattened; tibie slightly

Vitessa suradeva, g, t+ (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

fringed with hair; abdomen dilated at extremity and with large

anal tuft, the claspers of male very large and usually protruded.

Forewing long and narrow; the costa arched towards apex ;

vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked in male, approxi-

mated in female ; 9 given off from 8 after 7. Hindwing with

vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4,5 & 6,7 stalked in male, 4, 5

approximated in female.

Classification of the Pyralide. 503

Sect. I. Antennz of male with very short branches.

(1). Viressa NicoparicaA, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol.iv.,p.146 . : ; . Nicobars.

Type. (2). Vrressa suRADEVA, Moore, Lep. E.I. C., India,Ceylon,

p: 299, pl: 7a; fig..7. ; ; Burma, An-

Vitessa formosa, Feld. Reis. Now epi ISU damans,

ies Ie Borneo.

+ Vitessa rama, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., ili., p. 256,

pl. 178, fig. 7.

(3). VITEssA TERNATICA, Led., Wien Ent. Ceram,

(4). tVITESSA PYRALIATA, WIK., xxxi., 220 . Celebes.

(5). VITESSA ZALMIRA, Cram., Pap. Exot. iv., Amboina, N.

p. 149, pl.-367, fig. 2 . «. : : ‘ Hebrides.

Sect. II. Antenne of male with longer branches.

(6). tVITESSA HEMIALLACTIS, Meyr., Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1887,-p.19) - - . - New Guinea.

(7). +VITESsa PLUMOSA, 0. sp.

¢. Differs from hemiallactis in the white spot below the call of

forewing being bidentate ; the discocellular patch much smaller,

ovat:, and separate from the elongate patch below vein 2 ;

the veins of outer area much more strongly streaked with white.

Hindwing with the base white; the marginal band tapering to

anal angle.

Hab. Sambawa (Doherty). Hap. 44 mm.

Genus CROCALIA.

Crocalia, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 634.

Differs from Aglossa in the 2nd joint of palpi being less broadly

fringed with hair ; the maxillary palpi minute. Forewing with

Crocalia aglossalis, g, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

veins 4, 5 stalked; 7, 8 on a long stalk ; 9 from cell. _Hindwing

with veins 3 and 5 from angle of cell; 4 absent.

Type. CROCALIA aGLossaLis, Rag., Ann. Scc. Ent.

Er. 1891-"p.. 635 = ; ‘ ; : . N.-W. India.

504. Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus ULorricHa.

Ulotricha, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 341.

Proboscis extremely minute; palpi upturned, slender, and

hardly reaching vertex of head; maxillary palpi minute and

filiform ; frons rounded ; antenne of male ciliated ; tibise nearly

Ulotricha egregialis, &, 1.

naked., Forewing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4,5 from

angle ; 7 given off from 8 after 9; 10,11 free. -Hindwing with

vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked ; 6, 7 from upper

angle.

Type. Urorricua EGREGIALIS, H. §., Schmett. Eur.,

p: [20 figs 55): : = , ‘ - . S. Europe.

Ulotricha medusalis, Mill. Icon., ii., p. 242,

pl. 127, figs. 4, 5.

Genus Hyporta.

Hypotia, Zell., Isis., 1847, p. 593.

Proboscis minute ; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint widely sepa-

rated from frons, and with a tuft of hair at extremity on outer

side, the 3rd long, naked, and acuminate ; maxillary palpi large

Hypotia corticalis, g, 4.

and triangularly scaled ; frons rounded ; antennz with the basal

joint dilated, a tuft of scales in front at extremity, the shaft

annulate and strongly ciliated. Forewing with the costa nearly

straight ; vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 well separated at

Classification of the Pyralidx. 505

origin ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7 from 8 before 9; 10, 11 free.

Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 well separated

at origin ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. Hyporia cortica.is, Schiff., S. V., p. 123. Centr. Europe.

Genus AGLOSSA.

Aglossa, Latr., Précis ‘Charact. Gen. Ins., p. 145,

(1796).

Philotis, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 81.

Agriope, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1894, p. 163.

Proboscis absent ; palpi upturned well in front of frons, the

2nd joint fringed with hair in front and reaching vertex of head,

the 3rd long; maxillary palpi dilated with scales at extremity ;

antenne of male ciliated and with long setiferous spines ; hind

tibiw fringed with hair on outer side towards base. Forewing long

Aglossa dimidiatus, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. i.).

and narrow ; vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 closely approxi_

mated or stalked; 6 from upper angle. Hindwing with vein 3

from angle of cell; 4, 5 closely approximated or stalked ; 6,7 from

upper angle.

Sect. I. Veins 4,5 of each wing closely approximated

for about one-third length,

Type. (1). AGLossA PINGUINALIS, Linn., Faun. Suec., Europe,Syria,

1350, p. 351 : : : ; Persia, Af-

Aglossa asiatica, Ersch., Hor. Ent. Ross., ghanistan,

Viil., p. 317 (subsp.) N.-W. Hi-

A glossa aldida'is, Christ., Hor. Ent. Ross., malayas.

x., p. 41 (subsp.).

Aglossa streatfieldii, Curt., pl. 455 (ab-).

506 Sir George IF. Hampson on the

Sect. IT. Veins 4, 5 of each wing stalked.

(2). AGLOSSA CUPREALIS, Hiibn., Verz., p. Palearctic,

348 ; : F : : 3 : Nearctic,

Aglossa domalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., Neotropi- ,

p: 128. cal, and

t Acrobasis incultella, Wik., xxxv., 1712. Australian

Tetralopha euthealis, Hulst., ‘'r. Am. Ent. Regions.

Soc., xili., p. 160.

(3). AGLOSSA DIMIDIATA, ae Lep. Brit., Japan, China,

mates s : : : S. India,

tAglossa micalialis, Wik., XVil. 277, Burma.

Pyralis circularis, Motech!: Et., 1860,

p. 37.

ft Aglossa achatina, Butl., Ill. Het., iii., p. 72,

pl. 58, fig. 6.

(4). AGLOSSA INCULTALIS, Zell., Lep. Caff.,

p: 21 : : S. Africa.

Aglossa steralis, Feld., Rela New icy 134,

fig. 27.

t+ Gelechia aglossella, W\k., xxxv., 1830.

(5). TAGLOSSA BASALIS, WIk., xxxiv., 1250 a) So. sAtriea.

Philotis punctilimbalis, Rag., Ann. Soc.Ent. Madagascar

Br, L389.) p. 82. Persia.

(6). *AGLOSSA RADAMALIS, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent,

Er sol) p. 82 : oe tase ; . Madagascar.

Auctorwm.

Aglossa exsucealis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863,

p. 165;'pl. 7, fig. 10°; ‘ Beyrout.

Aglossa maceralis, Chretien, Le Natapalinte: 1891,

p. 67 : : : 5 : . ‘ - Beyrout.

Aglossa signicostalis, Staud., Hor. Ent. Ross.,

1870, p. 180, pl. 2, fig. 6 : Greece.

Agriope brabantii, nee Bull. Soe. Ent. Fr., “1884,

p. 6, and 1888, pl. 6, fig. 6 ; and Ann. St. Ent.

Fr., 1894, p. 163 : : France.

Apion simplicialis, Christ., Beneeke Ent. Tet.

Lep., vi., p. 96 A : Scharud.

Aglossa cestalis, Hulst., Smith, z. List Tap Bor,

Am., p. 81 ; , : : B ; ee nee

Classification of the Pyralide.

Genus Hypsopyaia.

Hypsopygia, Hiibn., Verz., p. 348 (1827.)

Hypsopygia mauritialis, 8, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

Differs from Pyralis in the forewing having vein 9 given off

from 8 before 7.

Type. (1). Hypsopyeia cosraLis, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Europe, N.

No. 420 . : » wAsia, UliS. 55

Pyralis fimbrialis,

p. 124.

Pyralis aurotenialix, Chr.,

i(var;):

Pyralis hyllalis, Wik., xvii., p. 265 (var.).

Pyralis rubrocilialis, Staud., Hor. Ent.

Ross,, 1870, p. 181.

(2). HypsopyGiA MAURITIALIS, Boisd.,

Madag., p. 119, pl. 16, fig. 8

Schiff., Wien Verz.,

Bull. Mosc., 56,

Faun. Madagascar

oD b]

China, In-

+Pyralis lucillalis, Wik., xvii., 268. dia, Burma,

+Pyralis regalis, Wik., xxxiv., 1241. Java, Cele-

t+ Pyralis ducalis, Wik., xxxiv., 1242. bes,

Hypsopygia laticilialis, Rag., Aun. Ent. Sumatra.

Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 28.

(3).tHypsopyGia POSTFLAVA, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,

xp: log, ple itl, figs 22 Mas :

(4). +HypsopyGta REGINA, Butl., A. M. N. H. (6),

il., p. 452 2 : : -

N.-E. India,

Ceylon.

Japan, Gan-

jam, Burma.

Genus PyRALIs.

Pyralis, Linn. Syst. Nat., xii, p. pel (1767).

Asopia, Zeit., Schmett. Eur. SV, Ps B16 (1828).

Sacatia, Wik., xxvu., 123 (1863).

Bhaprichones Were A. M. N. H. (6), vii., p. 498 (1891).

Therapne, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 93.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint fringed with hair in front and

reaching vertex of head, the 3rd of moderate length ; maxillary

Vype.

508 Sir George F. Hampson on the

palpi filiform ; antenne of male ciliated; tibiae moderately hairy.

Forewing with the apex rounded ; vein 3 from before angle of

Pyralis manihotalis, , + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.)

cell; 4, 5 usually stalked ; 7 given off from 8 before 9; 10, 11

free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 and

6, 7 stalked.

Sect. I, Forewing with veins 4, 5 approximated for a

short distance.

(1). PYRALIS RECISALIS, Swinh., P. Z. S., 1885, N.-W.and W.

p. 866 . : ce India.

Sect. II. Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked.

(2), Pyrauis cuprina, Zell., Verh..Z.-B. Ver.,

1372,p. 497 : : = eeetWeuSS.; LAL.

(3). ePYRALis CAUSTICA, Meyr., ‘iirans, Ent. Soc.,

1884, p. 282 : ‘ . Australia,

(4). Pyrais ELECTALIS, Hulst., Tr. Am. Ent.

Soc., 13, p. 146 : é d ‘ . California.

(5). PyRALis OBSOLETALIS, Mann., Wien Ent. S.Europe, Ar-

Mon., 1864, p. 179, pl. 4 , . menia,Aden.

(6). PYRALIS FARINALIS, Linn. . Palardtic, Aithiopian: Neo-

+Pyralis fraterna, Butl., Ill, arctic, Neotrontaat regions,

Het., iii., p. 70, pl. 58, Japan, Afghanistan, Aus-

fig. 4. tralia, New Zealand.

(7). -PYRALIS DOMESTICAL!S, Zell, Isis, 1847,

Dp. 000 wae E : . Sicily.

(8). PYRALIS LIENIGIALIS, Zell., 8. E. Z., 1843,

p: 40 : 5 . N. Europe.

(9). Pyrawis PICTALIS, spi Brit, Ent, xi., Europe, W.

p:2h | : . Africa,Japan,

Pyralis nronoealis; Ww ik >be 906. India, Ceylon

Pyralis suggeralis, W\k., xxxiv., 1237. and Burma,

Pyralis proximalis, Wik., Trane. Ent. Soc., Sumatra,Bor-

1862-4, p. 120. neo, Gilbert

t+ Myelois bractiatella, W1k., xxvii., p. 36. Isl.

Classification of the Pyralide. 509

+ Pyralis elachia, Butl., Ill. Het., iii., p. 70,

pl. 58, fig. 3.

(10). fPYRALIS RAVOLALIS, WIk., xix., 898;

Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix., pl. 172, fig. 15 . Ceylon.

Pyralis enoealis, W1k., xix., 907. e

(11). *PyRALIS FUNEBRALIS, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), xvi. pe46k "3 < : : . Assam.

(12). PyRaLIs ELONGALIS, Koll., Hiig. Kasch, N.-W. Hima-

iv., p. 493 : : : 5 : : layas.

Pyvalis mensalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,

p. J20.

+Pyralis marmorea, Butl., Ul. Het., vii,

p- 91, pl. 134, fig. 10.

(13). PyraAwis ocELLALIS, Led., Wien Ent. Mon.,

Wii; p2 30, ple 7.hon 9. é : . Arabia.

(14), PyraLis MANIHOTALI3, Guen., Delt. and Neotropical,

Pyr:,-p; 121s. ; 5 : Oriental,

+ Asopia vetusalis, W1k., xix., 831. and Aus-

+Pyralis gerontesalis, “Wik., Cat. Xixs) p: tralian re-

896 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., pl. 178, gions,

fig. 6.

+Sacatia laudatella, W1k., xxvii., 124.

+ Pyralis despectalis, Wik., xxxiv., 1243.

+ Pyralis miseralis, Wik., xxxiv., 1244.

Pyralis achatina, Batl., Ent. Mo. Mag., xiv.,

p. 49.

(15), -fPYRALIS ALBILAUTALIS, Warr., A.M.N. H.,

(6) vil, p. 496 ; : . Natal.

(16). {PyRALIs. FUMIPENNIS, Butl., Ill. Het, , vil. N.-W. Hima-

p. 91, pl. 134, fig. 11 - 4 : layas, Cey-

SHiaynalin mnininatss, Hmpsn., Il. Hat, Xe, lon,

p. 159, pl. 171, fig. 18.

(17). PyRALIs SUBRESECTALIS, Snell., Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1890, p. 565 . : : 3 . Sikhim,

(18). Pyratis REGALIS, Schiff., Wien Verz. S. Europe,

p.124 . . : : : Siberia, Ja-

Pyralis pulchellalis, Mill, Cat. Lep. Alpes- pan, N.-W.

Marit., 1873, p. 221. Himalayas.

+Pyralis princeps, Butl., Ill. Het., vii., p. 91,

pl. 134, fig. 12.

(19). PyRaLis PERVERSALIS, H. &., iv., p. 123, E.. Europe,

fig. 6 h : Armenia.

Pyralis lucidalis, Ev, Faun, caret p. 466.

510 Sir George *. Hampson on the

Auctorum.

Pyralis rubellalis, Zell., Lep. Caff., p. 20. . 8. Africa.

Pyralis secretalis, Walleng., Gifv.ak. Forh., xxii.,

1 p.1220 ‘ ‘ : 5 : S. Africa,

Pyralis saturalis, W1k., xix., 892 ; Cram., iv. pl.

348, U : 2 F : ; : : . Surinam.

Genus Hypancuy.La.

Hypanchyla, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6) vii., p. 498 (1891).

Palpi upturned, reaching just above vertex of head ; maxillary

palpi filiform ; frons rounded ; antennz of male ciliated ; hind

tibize with slight tuft of hairat base on outer side. Forewing with

the costa excised at middle, deeply in male, slightly in female,

Hypanchyla maricalis, g, 4.

vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 approximated for some dis-

tance ; 7 given off from 8 before 9; 10, 11 curved. Hindwing

with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 approximated for a short

distance ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Sect. I. Forewing with one large excision in costa.

Type. (1). tHypaNcHYLA MARICALIS, WIk., xix., 910 .. Borneo.

Pyralis ? lebonalis, W1k., xix., 910.

Sect. II. Forewing with five small excisions in costa.

(2). *HYPANCHYLA DEVIALIS, W1k., xxxiv., 1239 Borneo.

Genus TEGULIFERA.

Tegulifera, Saalm., Ber. Senck. Ges., 1879-80, p. 305.

Peucela, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 47.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint thickly scaled and reaching vertex

of head, the 3rd short ; maxillary palpi minute ; antenne of male

Classification of the Pyralidex. d11

serrate and fasciculate ; tibis moderately hairy, the spurs long.

Forewing rather long and narrow.; vein 3 from before end of cell;

4, 5 approximated for nearly one-third length, rarely stalked ;

Tegulifera faviusalis, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

7, 8, 9 stalked; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle

of cell; 4, 5 approximated for about one-third length ; 6, 7 shortly

stalked.

Sect. I. (Tequlifera).—Patagia of male extending well

beyond metathorax.

Type. (1). TEGULIFERA RUBICUNDALIS, Saalm., Ber.

Senck. Ges., 1880, p. 305 : ‘ - Madagascar,

tTegulifera sanguinea, Warr., A. M.N. H.,

(6) viil., p. 68.

(2). TEGULIFERA PSAMATHOPIS, Meyr., Trans.

Ent. Soc., 1894, p.11 . : , . Burma.

(3), TEGULIFERA RESECTALIS, Led., Wien Ent. Brazil, Ar-

Mon., 1863, p. 343, pl. 7, fig. 6 ‘ . _ gentina.

Asopia vernacutalis, Berg.,Boll.Ac.Cord., i.,

p. 157.

Sect. II. (Peucela).—Patagia of male not extending

beyond metathorax,

(4). ‘TEGULIFERA FAVIUSALIS, W1k., xix., 907 . N.-W. Hima-

Pyralis drapesalis, W1k., xix., 909. layas, N.-E.

Pyralis nonusalis, Wik., xix., 909. India,

t+Pyralis platymitris, Butl., P. Z. S., 1883, | Borneo.

p. 166. :

Pyralis pallivittata, Moore, Lep. Atk., p.206.

Orthopygia atomosalis, Warr., A. M.N.H.

(6), xvi., p. 465.

Peucela rubrifuscalis, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), xvi., p. 461.

(5). ¢TEGULIFERA PALLIDIBASALIS, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol. iv..p.153 . . Nilgiris,

512 Sir George F. Hampson on the

(6). tTEGULIFERA CASTANEALIS, Hmpsn., Moths

of India, vol. iv., p. 153 ; ° . Beutan.

(7). TEGULIFERA ROSEALIS, Hmpsn., Moths of

Indias svols iv. sp- loos 1). F . . N.-E. India.

(8). *TEGULIFERA RUFIFASCIALIS, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 154. . Assam.

(9). TEGULIFERA SUBOLIVESCENS, Warr., A. M.

IN. He (6) xva. sp. 464) ae : - - Assam,Ceylon.

Auctorum.

Tegulifera tristiculalis, Saalm., Ber. Senck. Ges.,

1879, p. 306 . ; : 5 : S - Madagascar.

Tequlifera albostriygalis, Saalm., Ber. Senck. Ges.,

1879, p. 386 : 5 : - Madagascar.

Peucela fuscolimbalis, Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

1888, p- 138: . : 5 : 5 : -) -Lunis:

Genus PARACME.

Paracme, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 338.

Palpi upturned, long, the 2nd joint reaching well above vertex

of head, the 3rd well developed ; maxillary palpi long and filiform ;

form rounded ; antenne of male minutely ciliated; tegule of male

reaching beyond metathorax ; tibiee nearly smoothly scaled. Fore-

Paracme racilialis, g, 4.

wing with the apex somewhat rounded ; vein 3 from before angle

of cell ; 4, 5 from angle; 7 given off from 8 before 9; 10, 11 free.

Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5, from angle ;

6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. tPARACME RACILIALIS, WIk., xix.;899 - China.

Paracme insulsalis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1263,

p. 339, pl. 6, fig. 11. .

Genus CaRDAMYLA,

Cardamyla, Wik., xvii., 282 (1859).

Proboscis strong ; palpi upturned, slender, and smoothly scaled,

the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd well developed ;

maxillary palpi filiform ; frons hairy ; antenne thickened ; tibiz

Voy, all a]p2 qT

Cardamyla carinentalis, &, ¥.

thickly scaled ; male with the anal tuft and claspers large. Fore-

wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell; 6 from upper angle ;

7 given off from 8 before 9; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3

from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 from upper

angle.

Type. tCARDAMYLA CARINENTALIS, WIk., xvii, 283,

Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, pl.6, fig.9 . . Australia.

Genus STEMMATOPHORA.

Stemmatophora, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 129 (1854).

Maradana, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., p. 57 (1884).

Koremalepis, Hmpsn., I]. Het., viu., p. 129 (1891).

Palpi upturned and reaching vertex of head, the 2nd joint

fringed with hair in front, the 3rd minute; maxillary palpi minute;

Stemmatophora tactilis, g, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.),

antennes of male with fascicles of long cilia; tibiz somewhat

hairy, the outer spurs short. Forewing short and broad, the apex

514 Sir George F. Hampson on the

rectangular ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ;

7, 8, 9 stalked; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before

angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Sect. I. (Stemmatophora).—Male with the tegule hardly

reaching beyond metathorax.

Type. (1). STEMMATOPHORA comBusTaLis, F. R.,

pl95, fig. tes ‘ 5 . S. Europe,

Pyralis lucidalis, Tr., vii., p. 151. Syria.

Pyralis rubidalis, Dup. Will... 233,004,

p. 345.

(2). tSTEMMATOPHORA PALLIDELLA, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol.iv., p. 155 : . Ceylon.

(3). *“STEMMATOPHORA CARNEALIS, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol. iv.,p.155 . Burma.

(4). tSrEMMATOPHORA PSEUDAGLOsSA, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol. iv.,p.155 —. . Ceylon.

(5). ¢STEMMATOPHORA OLEAGINA, Warr., A. M.

IN EL (6), wil, p.497509)2 « c: : -. Natal.

(6). tSTEMMATOPHORA SANGUIFUSA, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol.iv., p.155 —. - Ceylon.

(7). STEMMATOPHORA ALBIGUTTATA, Warr.,

A. M. N. H. (6), vii., p. 496 . : . Japan,Assam.

(8). SSTEMMATOPHORA HERCULIALIS, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol.iv., p.156 . Assam.

(9). tSTEMMATOPHORA COSTINOTALIS, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol.iv.,p.156 =. . Sikhim.

(10). STEMMATOPHORA FUSCIBASALIS, Snell, Tijd.

v. Ent., xxiii., p. 199, and xxvi., LF 6,

fig. 3, aa : Formosa.

Pyralis umbrosalis, Sanh, Trans, "Ent. Mysore, Bur-

Soc., 1890, p.291 . : : ma, Celebes.

(11). tSTEMMATOPHORA RIVULATA, Gere Hert

Ceyl., iii., p. 58, pl. 150, fig. 14 . . Ceylon.

(12), *STEMMATOPHORA RECTISECTALIS, Warr.,

A. M.N. H. (6) xvii, p. 460 . : . S. India.

Sect. II. (Coremalepis).—Male with the tegulz extending

well beyond the metathorax.

(13). tSTEMMATOPHORA TACTILIS, Swinh., Trans.

Ent. Soc., 1890, p. 290 . : é . India,Burma.

Koremalepis scopula, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,

Viii., p. 129, pl. 154, figs. 2, 15.

Classification of the Pyralide. 515

(14). STeEMMATOPHORA BICOLORALIS, Leech, Japan,

Entom., 1889, p. 65, pl. 4, fig. 17. ‘ W. India.

tPyralis dulctculalis, Swinh., P.Z.S., 1889,

p. 418; Hmpsn., Ill. Het., viii, pl. 156,

fig. 13.

(15). fSTEMMATOPHORA LATICINCTA, Hmpsn., N.-W. Hima-

Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 57 (¢@) . : layas.

(16). tSTEMMATOPHORA VALIDA, Butl, A. M.

ING HS (5) jay. p- 4ole ; ‘ . Japan, China.

(17). tSTEMMATOPHORA MONOSTAZCHALIS, Warr., N.-W. Hima-

At ME. N. HG); vit p 497 =. : . layas.

Sect. III. Male with the patagia extending almost to

end of abdomen.

(18). *STEMMATOPHORA PUNCTIMARGINALIS,

Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. 4, p.157 Burma.

Genus Laricr.

Larice, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 640.

Proboscis well developed ; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint fringed

with long hair in front and reaching vertex of head, the 3rd long

and naked ; maxillary palpi well developed and triangularly scaled ;

antenne of male bipectinated, with short branches ciliated ; tibize

Larice phycidalis, g, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

slightly hairy. Forewing long and narrow ; vein 3 from before

angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9

stalked; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of

cell; 4, 5 from angle.

Type, LariceipHycipatis, Guen., Delt.and Pyr.,p.121 N.-W. Hima

+Larice swinhwi, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, layas, Burma.

p. 640.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—paRT Iv. (DEC.) 35

516 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus CURENA.

Curena, Wlk., xxxiv., 1253 (1865).

Palpi upturned, short, and not reaching vertex of head ; maxil-

lary palpi tufted with hair ; frons rounded ; antennz of male with

long cilia ; tegule of male reaching beyond metathorax ; mid and

hind tibie fringed with hair on outer side. Forewing with the

costa somewhat excised from near base to near apex, where it is

Curena externalis, g, 4.

h'ghly arched ; vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle

7 given off from 8 before 9; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3

from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. tCUR=NA EXTERNALIS, WIk., xxxiv..1253 , Australia.

Genus Tamraca,

Tamraca, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., p. 554 (1887).

Proboscis minute ; palpi oblique, the 3rd joint porrect, thickly

clothed with hair, and reaching well beyond the minute maxillary

palpi and sharp frontal tuft; antenne of male with short fas-

Tamraca torridalis, , 4 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

ciculate branches ; patagia of male reaching end of metathorax,

with a tuft of long.hair below them; tibiz hairy, Forewing with

the costa nearly straight; the outer margin somewhat excised

towards outer angle; vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5

approximated for one-third length ; 7 given off from 8 before 9 ;

Classification of the Pyralidx. 517

10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5,

hardly approximated at base ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. ‘TAMRACA TORRIDALIS, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., China, India,

1863, p. 342, pl. 6, fig. 15; Moore, Lep. Ceyl., Ceylon,

lii., pl. 215, figs. 7, 8. Burma, Java,

tVarnia incerta, W1k., xxxiii., 829. Celebes,

Genus Hercc.ia.

Hereulia, Wik., xix:, 807 (1859).

Cisse, Wlk., xxvii., 125 (1868).

Buzala, Wik., xxvii., 129.

Ocrasa, Wlk., xxxiv., 1212 (1865).

Ineza, Wlk., xxxiv., 1254.

Bejuda, Wik., xxxiv., 1273.

Pseudasopia, Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc., i., p. 172 (1873).

Orthopygia, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 29.

Dolichomia, Rag., Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 30.

Trichauctenia, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), ix. p. 173

(1891). :

Palpi thickly scaled, the 2nd joint upturned and reaching vertex

of head, the 3rd porrect ; antenne of male minutely ciliated ; the:

patagia of male reaching beyond the metathorax ; tib:e moderately

Herculia igniflualis, § , + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

hairy. Forewing with vein 3 from end of cell ; 4, 5 approximated

for about one-third length ; 7 given off from 8 before 9 ; 10, 11

free. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 approximated

for about one-third length; 6, 7 stalked.

Sect. I. Patagia of male reaching slightly beyond

metathorax.

A, (Ocrasa). Fore femora of male with a tuft of hair

from base.

(1), tHERCULIA ALBIDALIS, ‘WIk., xxxiv., 1212 . Austral'a,

tT Spilodes rhoducryptalis, Wik., xxxiv, 1474.

(10). }HERCULIA HELENENSIS, Woolast.,

18 Sir George F. Hampson on the

(2). Hercunra pEcoLoRALIS, Led., Wien Ent.

Mon., 1863, p. 343, pl. 6, fig. 10 ( ¢ )

(3). f-HERcuULIA REPITITA, Butl., A. M. N.

(5); ==, plop

Australia.

Solomons,

Tahiti.

B. Fore femora of male without tuft of hair.

a. (Herculia).

Forewing with the apex not produced

upwards, the outer margin evenly curved.

HERCULIA GLAUCINALIS, Linn., Syst. Nat.,

X., p. 328

Phalena nitidalis, Fabr., Ent. Svat No.3 373

Euclita incalidalis, Hiibn., Veon., p. 347.

+Pyralis yokohame, Butl., A. M. N. H.

(5), iv., p. 452.

(5). fare aie IMBECILIS, Moore, Lep. Ceyl.,

p. 264

+ Pyrale éncongrua, Bal

p. 383, pl. 35, fig. 5.

(6). *HERCULIA DATAMES,

(4).

P. Z. S., 1886,

Druce, Biol. Centr.

Am. Het., ii, p. 201, pl. 60, fig. 11.

(7). FHERCULIA TENUIS, Butl., P. Z. S., 1888,

p. 681 ;

mosa,

(8). }HERCULIA RUDIS, aaa Lep. Atk., p. 205

(Oyu.

(9). THERCULIA NANNODES, Baile

p: dL pl. 58, fig. D.

Ill. Het., iii,

A. M.

NES (©), 311;

Asopia hematinalis,

Ges., 1880, p. 295.

(11). -HERCULIA NiGRIVITTA, WIk., xxvii., 125

+ Buzala fuscicosta, Wik., xxvii., 130.

Bejuda costigeralis, Wik., xxxiv., 1273.

Euclita fuscicostalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent.,

XxV1,, p. 122, pl. 6, fig. 4

HERCULIA NOSTRALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,

ps 1227 : : :

Asopia graafialis, Snell., Tijd.

XVI, p: 160, plo x1. fig. 4:

HERCULIA BINODULALIS, Zell., Verh. Z.-B.

Wien, 1872, p. 501.

p. ddl

Saalm., Ber. Senck.

(12).

v. Ent,

(13).

Europe,

Japan.

India,Ceylon,

Java, Cele-

bes, Fiji.

Mexico.

Brazil, Se

Africa, For-

India, Ceylon.

Sikhim.

Japan, China.

Madagascar,

St. Helena.

Burma,

Borneo.

Venezuela.

U8, 5A.

(14).

(15).

(16).

Classification of the Pyralide.

HERCULIA INCARNATALIS, Zell.,

p. 591

Pyralis lucidalis, Dap, Ten me

p. 198, pl. 223, fig. 3.

rie 2 he

viil.,

HERCULIA FULVOCILIALIS, Dup., Lep. Fr.,

viii., p. 375, pl. 236, fig. 6

+HERCULIA THYMETUSALIS,

565 . “ .

WIk., xviii.,

tAsopia devialis, Grate Bull. Bul. ee, ING

Sc., 11., p. 219.

(17). }HeRcuiia COHORTALIS, Grote, Bull. Buff.

Soc. N. Sc., p. 233

(18). -HERCULIA ee Butl., Il. rey,

(19).

p- 72, pl. 58, fig. 10.

+Hercut IA JAPONICA, Warr.,

1891, 1., p. 499

re M. N. EE;

(20). Becca INTERMEDIALIS, Wik., Means.

Ent. Soc. Lond. (3), 1, p. 118. :

+ Pyralis sodalis, W\k., Char. Undescr. Hee)

(21).

p. 60.

+ Asupia squamealis, Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc.

NoSex 1, pedida.

Henenr our Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,

p. 118

Asopia trentonalis, Tad, Wien Ent. Mon.

1863, p. 343, pl. 7, fig. 2.

(22). ae IA PLANALIS, Grote, N. Am. Ent.,

»p-95 (2) .

ee anniculalis, Halets Tr. isc Ent.

Soc., 1886, p. 147.

Asopia occidentalis, Hulst., Tr. Am, Ent.

Soc., 1886, p. 147.

(23). ¢Hercutia HrMonrais, Zell., Verh. Z.-B.

(24).

(26).

(27). tHERCULIA Ai ugeenersic, Sine Ill. ‘Het.,

Wien, xxii., p. 500.

HERCULIA RUBIDALIS, Schiff., Wien Wels

p. 124

Pyralis lucidalis, Hibn. Ber fig. 161.

(25). }HERCULIA ALBOLINEALIS, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,

viil., p. 130, pl. 154, fig. 10

HERCULIA PERNIGRALIS, Rag., Ann. Soc.

Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 32

viii., p. 130, pl. 154, fig. 19

S. Europe.

S. Europe,

Armenia.

UU. Sata

Japan.

Whee AS We

Tn lies.

Wes. AC

S.-E. Europe,

Nilgiris.

Ceylon,

Burma.

Nilgiris.

520 Sir George F. Hamyson on the

Type. (28). THERCULIA OCHREICILIA, Hmpsn., II]. Het.,

viil., p. 130, pl. 154, fig. 3 : . Nilgiris.

(29): +Hercouta MARTHALIS, W1k., xvii., 270 . Ceylon,

} Herculia hractealis, Wlk., xix., 808; Borneo.

Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix., pl. 172, fig. 2.

(50). THERCULIA IGNIFLUALIS, WIk., xvii., 268; Nilgiris, Cey-

Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix., pl. 172, fig. 10 . lon, Borneo.

+ Pyralis doreasalis, W1k., xvii., 271.

+ ,, healeulis, WIk., xix., 902.

Ascp'a hampsnialis, Snell., T'j'. v. En’.,

xxxvili., p. 110.

(31). fHEKCULIA SUFFUSALIS, WIk., xxxiv., 1235 India, Burma.

(32). THERCULIA PELASGALIS, W1k., xvii., 269 . China.

b. (iva). Forewing with the apex produced upwards,

the outer margin recurved at middle.

(33). “HERCULIA PRODUCTALIS, W1k.,xxxiv.,1254 Borneo.

Sect. IT. (Dolichomia). Patagia of male reaching far

beyond metathorax.

(34). fHERCULTA DHaRMSAL#, Butl., Ill. Het., N.-W. Hima-

Vil., p. 92, pl. 134, fig. 13 : . 5 layas.

(35). THERCULIA ruscAtis, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,

vill., p. 128, pl. 154, fig. 5 : .' Nilgiris.

(36). FHERCULIA sERICEA, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), vil., p. 499 c . Sikhim.

(37). [HERCULIA TABIDALIS, Wares ce M. N. H.

(6), vil., p. 499 ; 5 5 op ern:

Auctorum.

Pyralis cyanealis, Mab., Bull. Soc. Philom.,iii.,143 Madagascar.

Asopia amenalis, Meeschl., Verh. Z.-B, Wien,

1881, p. 418 . 3 : . Surinam.

» cesalis, Zell., Lep. Caffr., p, 22 , . Natal.

» caustica, Meyr, Trans. Ent, Soc., 1884,

p. 282. Australia,

», semnialis, Feld., Rew. Now: oe 136, Ge. 19 Brazil.

» tripartitalis, H. S., Lep. Guay p. 16. . Cuba.

» kacheticalis, Christ., Deutsche Ent. Zeit. Transcau-

Lep., vi., p. 96 : : ; : : casus.

» subregalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent., xxxviii.,

paellileeens : : : : : . Java.

» divagalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent., xxxviii.,

pelt? he : : : ; : . Java.

Classification of the Pyralide. 521

Genus CaTAcrocis.

Catacrocis, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 107.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint hairy and reaching vertex of

head, the 3rd well developed and naked ; maxillary palpi filiform ;

frons with a tuft of hair; antennae of male simple ; tibiae with a

tuft of hair on outer side at base. Forewing with the costa

Catacrocis lithosialis, 3, 1.

straight ; the apex rectangular ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ;

4, 5 from angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7 given off from 8 after 9 ;

10 free ; 11 anastomosing with 12. Hindwing with vein 3 from

before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 stalked.

Type. CATACROCIS LITHOSIALIsS, Rag., Ann. Soc, Ent.

Hire Teo p. 1Ou ve é : : 5 . Brazil:

Genus Huryzona.

Euryzona, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 163

(1896).

Palpi upturned and somewhat oblique, reaching beyond the sharp

frontal tuft, the 2nd joint thickly scaled ; maxillary palpi filiform;

antenne of male ciliated, the basal joint dilated ; tibis of male

Euryzona latifascia, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

with the outer spurs short. Forewing with the apex rounded ; the

inner margin lobed near base; vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5

well separated ; 6 from upper angle ; 7from 8 after9 ; 10,11 free.

522 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 well separated ;

6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. +tEuryzona LATIFasciaA, Hmpsn., Ill. Het., viii.,

p. 129, pl. 154, fig. 8 : : : : . W. India.

Genus RHYNCHOPYGIA.

Rhynchopygia, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 163

(1896).

Palpi oblique and thickly scaled, the 3rd joint porrect ; maxil-

lary palpi minute and filiform ; a slight frontal tuft; antenne of

male minutely serrate and fasciculate ; tibie slightly hairy. Fore-

Rhynchopygia purpureorufa, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

wing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 7 from

8 after 9. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4,5

from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. *RHYNCHOPYGIA PURPUREORUFA, Hmpsn., Moths

of India, vol. iv., p. 164 . : ‘ : . Ceylon.

Genus TRIPHASSA.

Triphassa, Hibn., Samml. Exot. Schmett., p. 26

(1818).

Palpi oblique, the 2nd joint thickly scaled, the 3rd porrect and

minute ; maxillary palpi filiform; a sharp frontal tuft ; antenne

Triphassa vulsalis, ¢, } (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

of male with a slight process at end of basal joint ; the shaft set

on at an angle and with long cilia; mid tibie fringed with hair.

Classification of the Pyralide. 523

Forewing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ;

7 from 8 before 9 ; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein3 from before

angle of cell ; 4,5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Sect. I. Patagia of male bearing tufts of long scales,

reaching to middle of abdomen.

(1). tT RIPHASSA METAXANTHA, Hmpsn., Moths

of India, vol, iv., p. 164 2 : . Ceylon.

(2). tTRIPHASSA OCHREALIS, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,

1X., Dp: 15S, pe lie figs é : . Ceylon.

(3). tTTRIPHASSA VULSALIS, WIk., xviii. 671;

Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix., p. 171, fig. 9 . Ceylon.

(4). tTRIPHASSA IMBUTALIS, WIk., xxxiv., 1283;

Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., pl. 178, fig.9(9) Ceylon.

(5). tT RIPHASSA LUTECILIALIS, Hmpsn., Moths

of India, vol. iv., p. 165 (¢) . : . Ceylon.

Sect. II. Patagia of male not reaching beyond meta-

thorax.

A. Mid tibiz of male moderately fringed with hair.

Type. (6). TripHassA sTALAcHTis, Hiibn., Exot.

Schmett., 26, 75, figs. 149, 150 . oy Se Adrica:

tScopula quttalis, Wlk., xxxiv., 1470.

(7). tT RIPHASSA ALBIALIS, WIk., xviil., 640 » S.Africa:

t+Corgatha vexatalis, W1k., xxxiv., 1176.

Pyralis humeralis, W1k., xxxiv., 1233.

(8). tTRIPHASSA ZEUXOALIS, Wlk., xxvii., 135 . Ceylon.

(9). tT RIPHASSA XYLINALIS, Swinh., P. Z. S., W. India,

1885, p. 865, pl. 57, fig. 17. ; ; Ceylon.

(10). tT rreHassa FLAVIFRONS, Warr., A.M. N. H.

(6), ix., p. 173 : ‘ : , = W.-Africa.

B. Mid tibiz of male fringed with very long hair on

inner side.

(11). tT RIPHAssA BILINEATA, Moore, Lep. Ceyl.,

iil., Pp. 00, pl. 215; fig: Et : : . Himalayas,

Comaria unilinealis, Warr., A. M. N. H. Khasis,Ceylon.

(6), xvii, p. 462.

Genus RHYNCHETERA.

Rhynchetera, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 166

(1896).

¢. Palpi porrect. Downcurved at extremity, and extending

rather more than twice the length of head, the 2nd joint fringed

Type.

524 Sir George F. Hampson on the

with hair above and below ; maxillary palpi dilated with hair:

frons with a sharp tuft; antenne serrate and fasciculate ; hind

tibie fringed with long hair, the Ist joint of tarsus with a large

tuft of hair on outer side. Forewing with the apex rectangular ;

a4% ZS

¥:

Rhynchetera carnealis, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

vein 3 from well before end of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from upper

angle ; 7 from 8 before 9; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3

from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 from upper

angle.

Q. With the palpi upturned and naked, the 2nd Joint curved

and reaching far above vertex of head.

*RHYNCHETERA CARNEALIS, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol. iv., p. 166 : : : : . <Assem.,

Genus HysoLoma.

Hyboloma, Rag., Ann. Ent: Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 99.

Polycampsis, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), xvii., p. 457

(1896).

Palpi porrect, extending about four times length of head, curved

downwards and inwards, the 2nd joint fringed with hair below,

the 3rd rounded and fringed above and below ; maxillary palpi

Hyboloma nummosalis, 2, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

large and triangularly scaled ; frons with a sharp tuft ; antenn

of female nearly simple; tibize smoothly scaled. Forewing with

the costa highly arched before middle, excised beyond it, the apex

produced and depressed ; the outer margin excised below apex,

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 525

excurved and somewhat angled at middle; vein 3 from before

angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 free.

Hindwing with the outer margin slightly excised below apex ;

vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 from

upper angle.

Sect. I. (Polycampsis).—Forewing of male with a glan-

dular swelling at base of costa below.

(1). *HyBo_oma Lonainasts, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), xvil., p.458 . : . : . Assam.

Sect. II. (Hyboloma).—Forewing of male with no glan-

dular swelling at base of costa.

(2). HyrnoLtoma NuMMOoSALIS, Rag., Ann. Ent. Assam,Burma,

Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 99; pl 16,-fig. 3 -. Borneo.

Genus OmPHALOBASIS, nov.

Palpi downcurved, about two-and-a-half times length of head,

the 2nd and 3rd joints thickly fringed with hair above and below ;

Omphalobasis chalybopicta, g, 1.

maxillary palpi triangularly scaled ; frons rounded ; antenne of

male somewhat thickened and flattened ; tibiz fringed with rough

hair. Forewing with the costa arched at base, then straight ; the

apex produced and acute ; the outer margin highly excurved from

below apex to vein 3 ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from

angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked ; male with a glan-

dular swelling at base of costa below, fringed with long hair.

Hindwing with the outer margin nearly straight from apex to

vein 2 ; veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ; 6, 7 stalked.

OMPHALOBASIS CHALYBOPICTA, Warr., A.M. N. H.

(6), xvil., p. 452 ; ; ; ‘ : . Assam.

526 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus LAamMACHA.

Lamacha, W1k., xxvii., 8 (1863).

Diboma, W1k., xxvii., 8.

Methora, W1k., xxxiv., 1517 (1865).

Palpi porrect, downcurved, extending about three times length

of head, and fringed with hair above and below ; maxillary palpi

triangularly scaled ; proboscis well developed ; frons with a sharp

tuft; antenne almost simple ; tibie slightly hairy. Forewing

broad, the costa arched at base, then nearly straight, the apex rect-

angular ; the outer margin excurved at middle ; vein 3 from before

Lamacha bilineolata, ¢, 4.

angle of cell; 4, 5 slightly separated at origin ; the discocellulars

highly curved ; 6 from upper angle; 7 from 8 before 9; 10, 11

free ; male with a glandular swelling at base of costa below; the

retinaculum hairy. Hindwing with veins 2 and 3 from near angle

of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 stalked.

Type. (1). tLAMACHA BILINEOLATA, WIk., xxvii.,8 . China.

(2). tLAMACHA ABSCISSALIS, WIk., xxvil., 9 . Borneo.

(3). tTLAMACHA TORTRICALIS, WIk., xxxiv., 1518 Java.

Genus LopHopPaLprlA, nov.

Palpi porrect, extending about the length of head, the 2nd joint

fringed with long hair below extending to end of 3rd joint, which

Lophopalpia pauperalis, g, +.

is bent sharply down at an angle ; maxillary palpi filiform ; pro-

bo:cis minute ; frons with a sharp tuft ; antennz of male ciliated ;

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 527

tibiz fringed with hair on outer side ; claspers and anal tuft large.

Forewing with the costa arched at base, then nearly straight ; male

with a glandular swelling at base of costa below fringed with long

hair ; vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from

upper angle ; 7, 8,9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from

near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 shortly stalked.

LopHOPALPIA PAUPERALIS, Leech, Entom., xxii., Japan, Pulo

1889) p40, pl ivf. IP. : ‘ , : Laut.

Genus OMPHALOCERA.

Omphalocera, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 339.

Omphalomia, Swinh., A. M. N. H. (6), xiv., p. 140

(1894).

Proboscis well-developed ; palpi porrect, downcurved, thickly

scaled and extending about the length of head ; maxillary palpi

filiform ; frons with a sharp tuft ; antenne thickened; tibize

slightly hairy ; abdomen with dorsal tufts. Forewing broad, the

Omphalocera accersita, 2, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

costa arched near base and towards apex which is rounded ; male

with a glandular fold fringed with long hair at base of costa below ;

vein 3 from before angie of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from upper

angle ; 7 from 8 before 9; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3

from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 stalked.

Sect. I. (Omphalocera).—Antennz of male with a sinus

near base of shaft enclosing a vesicular tuft of

scales.

(1). OmMpHALOCERA cCartosA, Led., Wien Ent.

Mon., 1863, p. 339; plo; fie, 12). UL SAe

(2). TOMPHALOCERA DENTOSA, Grote, Bull. U. 8.

Geol. Surv., vi.,p. 272 (@) . : . UsSeAe

Sect. II. (Omphalonia).—Antenne of male with no sinus

and tuft.

528 Sir George IF’. Hampson on the

(3). TOMPHALOCERA ACCERSITA, Swinh., A.M. N.-E. and W.

N. Hy (6) $xivip. 1140 : . - India.

(4). “OMPHALOCERA CANOSPARSALIS, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 168(¢) . Burma.

Genus ToccoLosiDA.

Toccolosida, W\k., xxvu., 14 (1863).

Differs from Sacada in the palpi being smoothly scaled ; the

frons rounded ; the antennz minutely fasciculate and without the

tuft on basal joint ; male with a tuft of long hair arising from

Toccolosida rubriceps, 4, 1 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

below the patagia ; tibize and tarsi very slightly fringed with

hair, the spurs minute. Forewing narrow, the outer margin with

? t=} ’ io

traces of angulation at vein 4. Hindwing with veins 3, 4 appro-

> to} ? i p

ximated towards origin.

al 7 ee .

Type. +TOCCOLOSIDA RUBRICEPS, W1k., xxvii., 14 . . N.-E. India,

Borneo.

Auctorum.

Toccolosida bilinealis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent., 35,

p. 154; and Jarb. Nass., 47, pl. 1, fig.6 . - Java.

Genus SacaDa.

Sacada, Wlk., Journ. Linn, Soe., vi., p. 136 (1862).

Sybrida, Wlk., xxxu., 465 (1865).

Paravetta, Moore, P. Z. 8., 1865, p. 814.

Danaka, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 71 (1879).

Xestula, Snell., Rom. Mem., ii., p. 195 (1885).

Palpi porrect fringed with long hair below and hardly reaching

beyond the sharp frontal tuft ; maxillary palpi filiform, antennze

with a tuft of hair from basal joint; tibie and proximal joints

of hind tarsi fringed with long hair; male with a tuft of long

hair from thorax below base of forewing. Forewiag long and

Classification of the Pyralide. 529

narrow, the apex somewhat produced and the onter margin oblique ;

veins 4, 5 usually stalked ; 7 from 8 before 9; 10,11 free. Hind-

inh

Sacada discinota, g, 1+ (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

wing ample ; veins 4, 5, usually on a short stalk ; 6, 7, from upper

angle.

Sect. I. Antenne of male bipectinate with long branches

to three-fourths length.

A. (Sacada). Forewing cof moderate breadth, the outer

margin evenly curved; female with veins 4, 5 of

each wing approximated at base.

(1). #SACADA INORDINATA, W1k., xxxii.. 466 . Japan, Sik-

Datanoides approximans, Leech, P. Z. &., him,

1888, p. 636, pl. 32, fig. 4.

(2). #SACADA FASCIATA, Butl., E. M.M., xiv.,207 Amur, Japan.

Xestula miraculosa, Snell., Rom. Mem., ii.,

pi l95;, ‘plin:

Type. (3). ig ACADA DECORA, WIk., Journ. Linn. Soc.,

, p. 136 ; : : . Borneo.

(4). * oSacs ADA UNILINEALIS, Heat “Moths of

India, vol. iv., p. 170 5 : . Sikhim.

B. (Paravetta). Forewing narrow.

a. Forewing with the outer margin very slightly

angled at vein 4.

(5). TSACADA DISCINOTA, Moore, P, Z. S., 1867,

p. 814, pl. 43, fig. 3. A : 2 . N.-E. India.

(6). SACADACONSTRICTALIS,Rag., Ann. Ent.Soc. Assam, Cey-

Fr., 1891, p. 75, and 1890, pl. viii., fig. 10 lon.

(7). }SAcADA PALLESCENS, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol.iv., p17 : . H.Himalayas.

(8). SACADA FLEXUOSA, Snell., Trans. Ent. ‘Bock N.-E. India

1890; p. 558 . : - Burma.

Sylade inflammealis, aes inte Ent, Soc.

Fr., 1891, p. 75, and 1890, pl. viii., fig. 9.

530 Sir George I’. Hampson on the

b. Forewing with the outer margin more produced

and angled at vein 4.

(9). TSAcADA SIKKIMA, Moore, Lep. Atk., p.70 Sikhim.

Sect. II. (Danaka).—Antenne of male serrate and fasci-

culate ; forewing narrow with the outer margin

evenly curved.

(10). SAcADA PYRALIFORMIS, Moore, Lep. Atk.,

p. @1, pl. 3; fg. 10. : : : . E.Himalayas.

(11). -Sacapa RUFINA, Hmpsn., Moths of India,

vol. av, ps 1@2. : : : ; . Bombay.

Auctorum.

Sybrida ragonotalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent., xxxv.,

p. 153; and Jarb. Nass., 47, pl. 1, fig. 9. Java.

Genus PARACTENIA.

Paractenia, Reg., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 642.

Differs from Bosira in veins 4, 5 of each wing being approxi-

Paractenia quisqualis, @, < (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

mated for about one-third length, or forewing with 4, 5

stalked.

Sect. I. Forewing with veins 4, 5 approximated.

A. Antenne of male bipectinated for two-thirds

length.

(1). }PARACTENIA RUBICUNDALIS, Swinh., P.Z.S.,

1885, p. 864. : 2 Wi. India:

(2). PPARACTENIA QUISQUALIS, Syoiby Pe Z. Sh

1885, p. 865, pl. 57, fig. 11. 5 . Bombay.

B. Antenne of male ciliated.

(3), PARACTENIA ALLUTALIS, Zell., Lep. Caffr.,

p. 18 . on a, aes . - S. Africa.

Stemmatophora mucidalis, Guen., Delt. and

Pyr., p. 130.

Classification of the Pyralide. 531

+ Aglossa harpyialis, W1k., xvii., 276.

tScopula cleoalis, W1k., xviii., 789.

+ Nephopteryx rubiginalis, Wik., xxvii., 62.

(4). *“PARACTENIA RUPTILINEALIS, Warr., A. M.

N. H. (6), xvi., p. 466(9) . : . Assam.

(5). *PARACTENIA DECETIALIS, Druce, Biol.Centr.

Am. Het., ii., p. 201, pl. 60, fig. 12 (9). Mexico.

Sect. IT. Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked.

(6). PaRACTENIA SEMIOCHREA, Warr., A. M.

ING E16) evi, ps4GG 2h ; . Assam,

(7). “PARACTENIA PELLUCIDALIS, Warr., A. M.

N. H. (6), xvii., p. 460 ‘ Assam.

Genus Prosaris.

Prosaris, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 12.

Palpi curved downwards, more than twice the length of head

and thickly scaled ; maxillary palpi dilated and well developed ; a

sharp frontal tuft ; proboscis small; antenn®# of male with long

cilia ; tibia and proximal joints of tarsi fringed with hair ; fore

femora with a tuft of hair below. Forewing somewhat narrow,

the apex produced and the outer margin oblique ; veins 4, 5 well

separated at origin ; 7 from 8 before 9. Hindwing with vein 3

from near angle of cell; 4,5 well separated at origin ; 6, 7 from

upper angle; male with a tuft of long scales on middle of vein 1c.

on upper side, and a bladder-like swelling at base of vein 8

below.

Type. PRosaris PERNIGRALIS, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., N.-E. India,

1894, p.12 . : : . . 5 Burma,

Genus T'REBANIA.

Trebania, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 645.

Proboscis well developed ; palpi with the 2nd joint slightly

curved upwards, the 3rd rostriform, downcurved, about three times

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND., 1896.—ParT Iv. (DEC.) 36

Type.

532 Sir George F. Hampson on the

the length of head and with a thick fringe of downcurved iri-

descent hair springing from a groove on inuer side; maxillary

palpi filiform ; frous rounded ; antenne of female nearly simple ;

Trebania muricolor, @, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

tibiz moderately hairy. Forewing short and broad; vein 3 from

before angle of cell ; 4,5 from angle ; 6 from upper angle; 7 from

8 before 9; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle

of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 shortly stalked.

(1). -TREBANIA MURICOLOR, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol.iv., p. 174 . ; . . N.-E. India.

(2). *TREBANIA FLAVIFRONTALIS, Leech, Entom.,

1889, p. 108, pl. v., fig. 6 : Pi . China.

Genus XENOMILIA.

Xenomine, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), xvu., p. 408

(1896).

Palpi downcurved extending about twice the length of head and

fringed with scales above and below; maxillary palpi filiform ;

frons with sharp tuft ; antennz laminate, with the basal joint long ;

tibiz smoothly scaled. Forewing of male with the costa very

strongly lobed at base, then nearly straight, the apex produced and

Xenomilia humeralis, @, 4.

acute, the outer margin strongly falcate at vein 3; of female with

the costa and outer margin evenly curved ; vein 3 from before

angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; the discocellulars highly angled ;

§, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 being given off nearer the apex than 9; 10, 11

Classification of the Pyralide. 533

free. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4,5 from

angle ; 6, 7 stalked.

Type. XENOMILIA HUMERALIS, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6),

xvil., p. 459. . - - 2 . Assam.

Genus HETEROCRASA.

Heterocrasa, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), xvii., p. 459 (1896).

¢. Palpi downcurved, extending about three times length of

head and thickly scaled ; maxillary palpi minute; frons with a

sharp tuft; antenne of female almost simple ; tibise and tarsi

Heterocrasa expansalis, 2, 4.

moderately scaled ; vein 3 from below angle of cell; 4, 5 from

angle ; 6, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 being given off just beyond 9; 10, 11

free. Hindwing with vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4, 5

separate ; 6, 7 stalked.

Type. HETEROCRASA EXPANSALIS, Warr., A. M.N. H.

(6), xvil., p.459 : . Assam,

Genus Bostra. -

Bostra, Wik., xxvil., 123 (1863).

Phasga, Wik., xxvii., 127.

Scotomera, Butl., P. Z. 8., 1881, p. 622.

Megalomia, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 35.

Comaria, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 689.

Paredra, Snell., Midd. Sum,, iv. (1), 8, p. 60 (1892).

Scotomerodes, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1895, p.

XCVil.

Stygiochroa, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1895, p. clxxi.

Palpi porrect, downcurved at extremity, and thickly clothed

with hair ; maxillary palpi filiform ; a sharp frontal tuft usually

present ; antenne of male serrate amd fasciculate ; tibia moder-

534. Sir George F. Hampson on the

ately hairy. Forewing usually short and broad; veins 3 and 5

from close to angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle; 7 from 8 before 9 ;

Bostra vibicalis, g, 4 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5

from angle ; 6, 7from upper angle.

Sect. I. Antenne of male strongly serrated; forewing

narrow.

(1). Bostra IMPERATRIX, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), xvil., p. 462 é : N.-E. India.

(2). tBostra PALLIDICosTA, Hmpsn., I]. Het.,ix., Sikhim,

p. 158, pli1 72, fie li : ‘ : Ceylon.

Sect. II. Antenne of male with the serrations minute.

A. Forewing narrow.

(3). Bosrra susustTatis, Led., Verh. Zool. Bot. N.-W. Hima-

Ges. Wien, 1855, p. 213, pl. 3,fig.10 . layas,

B. Forewing broad.

a (Bostra). Patagia of male not extending beyond

metathorax.

a, Frons with a sharp tuft.

(4). tBosrra Marcinara, WIk., xxxiii., 991 . Japan, India,

tPaleca rufescens, Butl., A. M. N. H. (5), iv., Sumatra,

p. 354. Borneo.

Pyralis assamica, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 205,

plivg he.

Paredra eogenalis, Snell., Tidj. v. Ent.,

xxvi., p. 120, pl.'6; figs. 1, Ta.

(5). Bosrra vipicaiis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., India, Ceylon,

1863, p. 338, pl. 7, fig. 4 : : P Burma.

tPyralis roborealis, Swinh., P. Z. 8., 1885,

p. 865, pl. 57, fig. 1.

+Euclita fortis, Butl., Il. Het., vii., p. 92,

pl. 134, fig. 14.

Classification of the Pyralide.

+Stemmatophora foliata, Swinh., P. Z.S.,

1887, p. 418, pl. 44, fig. 5.

(6). tBosrra saLMo, Hmpsn., Ill. Het., viii.,

p. 128, pl. 154, fig. 18 (2); éd., ix., p. 157,

pl. 171, fig. 6 (g)

(7). tBosrra astiGMA, Hmpsn.

p; 157, pk 11, fig: 12

(8). +BosTRa DENTICULATA, Swinh., Trans

Soc., 1890, p. 290, pl. 8, fig. 7 :

+Stemmatophora duplicata, Warr., A.M. N. H.

(6), vii., p. 437.

(9). Bosrra 1GNeusta, Swinh., A. M. N. H. (6),

xvi., p. 300.

(10). tBosTRA NOCTUITES,

1875, ii., p. 411

(11). tBostRA ALBILINEATA, Warr., A.

(6), vii., p. 437

(12). tBostrra

, Il. Het., ix.,

Butl., A. M. N. H,

WIk., xxvii., 123;

Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix., pl. 172, fig. 19

(13). Bostra GNipusaLis, WIk., xvii, 278 :

+Scotomera tristis, Butl., P. Z.S., 1881, p. 623

(14). +Bosrra BALUX, Swinh., P.Z.S., 1884, p. ays

pl. 47, fig. 14 .

(15). tBostra arpa, Butl.,

p. 621

(16). +BosTRa DIFFUSALIS, W

(17). tBostRa MELANTHALIS, WIk., xvil., 271

PZ Se 168i,

1k., xxvii., 127

539

S. India,

Ceylon.

Burma.

Khasis.

S. Africa.

Natal.

Ceylon.

N.-W. India,

Ceylon.

Sind.

Borneo.

b. (Comaria). Frons smooth and rounded.

a2. Antenne of male normal.

(18). tBosrra cAsTANOPTERA, Moore, Lep. Ceyl.,

iii., p. 260, pl. 178, fig. 7

Ceylon.

b?. Antenne of male with the basal joint very long,

the shaft with long cilia, contorted, and with two

teeth at middle.

(19). Bosrra SUBVIRIDESCENS, Warr., As Ne

N. H. (6), xvi., p. 466

(20). Bosrra rascratis, Warr., A. MON, 2H

(6), xvi., p. 465 :

Assam.

N.-E. India.

b. (Megalomia). Patagia of male extending far

beyond metathorax, with large tufts of hair below

them.

536 Sir George F. Hampson on the

a', Mid tibize and first joint of tarsi smooth.

(21). *Bostra CARNEALIS, Hmpsn., Moths of India,

vol. iv., p. 179 : : ° ‘ - Burma.

b'. Mid tibiz and first joint of tarsi in male fringed

on inner side with long hair.

(22). tBosTRA ANGULIFASCIA, Moore, Lep. Atk.,

P2006) aout se P ee Se: « Sikhim.

Auctorum,

Arippara indicator, Wik., Journ. Linn. Soc., vii.,

p. 74 ‘ ‘ 2 .. Borneo.

Stemmatophora bilinear, Cram: ePan Heomay:

p. 138, pl. 360, fig. 1.

Stemmatophora meridionalis, Moeschl., Sahar

1Vs, Pu ze, ple 18, figs 27 3 . Surinam.

Stemmbaiopnons vetustalts, Zell. sep: Caftr., ps Lv, Si actrica:

Stemmatophora exustalis, She Delt. and Pyr.,

p. 130; pl.10, fe 1. é S. Africa.

Stemmatophora lateritialis, Guen., “Delt. ae Pyn

p. 130 : E : 8. Africa.

Stemmatophora leonalis, perth: ‘Bull. Soc. Ent.

Fr., 1887, p. 76 ; and Et. Ent., xii., pl. vi., fig.

Somes wl , . Algeria.

Stemmatophora Fra acticor atta Sriell. Tijd. v. Ent,

1894, p.6 . : . Java.

Stemmatophora Nuluecut aly. Be! fone Ent. Soe.

Fr:, 1891, ps 87 : : ‘ : . Algeria.

Stemmatophora tacapealis, eee Ann. Ent. Soc.

Fr., 1891, p. 88 : ; A , P oy ums?

Stemmatophora cesarealis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc.

Fr., 1891, p. 88 : ‘ . Armenia.

Se signianedes syriacalis, Rag., ‘Ai Ent. see oan

1895: pyxevil.’ « Syria.

Aporodes austautalis, Oberths Et. Ent. j V1 D2 93,

pl. Mi. fig-ai); Qsiigiocuraa) Rag., shige Ent.

Soc. Fr., 1895, p.clxxi. . : : qi . Algeria.

Genus ZirHa.

Zitha, Wik., xxxiv., 1264 (1865).

Angenora, Rag., Ann, Ent. Soc. Fr. 7890). 80.

Oryctrocera, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 189ij.p. ols

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 537

Palpi porrect, downcurved at extremity, thickly scaled and

extending about the length of head ; maxillary palpi minute and

filiform ; proboscis minute ; frons with a tuft of hair ; antenney of

male minutely ciliated; tibie hairy. Forewing with the costa

Zitha ignalis, g, 4.

arched towards apex which is rounded; vein 3 from close to angle

of cell ; 4, 5 well separated at origin ; 6 from upper angle ; 7 from

8 before 9; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from close to

angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 from upper angle.

(1). ZITHA IGNALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,

py 29 : : :

TZitha punicealis, Wik., xxxiv., 1264.

(2). ZITuA LAMINALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,

p. 129 : : : :

f+ Aglossa rufiflualis, W1k., xxxiv., 1249.

Oryctrocera aurocupralis, Rag., Aun, Ent.

Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 52.

(3). SZITHA SUBCUPRALIS, Zell., Lep. Caffr., p.20 Natal.

Angenora actenialis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soe.

Fr., 1890, p. 80.

S. Africa.

Genus Dinoxta.

Diloeia, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 179

(1896).

Palpi rostriform, downcurved at extremity and reaching well

beyond the frons which is rounded; maxillary pulpi minute ;

Diloxia fimbriata, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

antenne of male with long bristles and cilia; build slight ; legs

long and slender, the tibizw smooth, the spurs long. Forewing

Type.

538 Sir George F. Hampson on the

broad ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 7 from

8 before 9; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle

of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

+ DILOXIA FIMBRIATA, Hmpsn., Moths of India,

vol. iv., p. 180 : 2 : - : . Nilgiris,

Genus PropacuHys.

Propachys, Wlk., xxvii., 6 (1868).

Palpi porrect and curving downwards ; the end of the 2nd and

ord joints tufted with long curved hair forming a cavity in male,

in female longer and slightly fringed with hair; maxillary palpi

minute and filiform ; proboscis well developed; frons rounded ;

antenne of male minutely ciliated ; male with a tuft of long hair

(i4in

Propachys nigrivena, 3, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

from below the patagia ; tibiz and 1st tarsal joints fringed with hair.

Forewing with the apex rounded ; vein 3 from before angle of

cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 7 from 8 before 9; 10,11 free. Hindwing

with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7

stalked.

| PROPACHYS NIGRIVENA, WIk., xxvii.,7 . . China, N.-E.

India.

Genus SINrRIS,

Sindris, Boisd., Faun. Madag., p. 122 (1833),

Episindris, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. F repel Ody pelos

Proboscis well developed ; maxillary palpi long and dilated with

scales ; frons hairy ; antennze of male bipectinate to three-fourths

Sindris sganzini, g, 1.

length ; tibie fringed with hair; male with the anal tuft and

claspers large. Forewing with the costaarched ; the apex rounded ;

Classification of the Pyralide. 539

vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked ; 6 from upper angle ;

7 given off from 8 before 9; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein

3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 and 6, 7 shortly stalked.

Sect. I. (Sindris)—Palpi upturned, smooth, widely

separated and extending well in front of frons,

the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd long

and acuminate.

Type. (1). Srypris sGanztnr, Boisd., Faun. Madag., Delagoa Bay,

p. 122, pl. 16, fig. 10 . : : . Madagascar.

Sect. II. Palpi of male as in Sect. I.; of female straight

and porrect, extending about three times length of

head.

(2). SINDRIS CERVINALIS, n. sp.

Head whitish, collar orange fulvous, thorax grey, abdomen

yellow. Forewing uniform grey brown. MHindwing fulvous

yellow, cilia of both wings whitish.

Hab. Accra, W. Africa, Exp. 6 24, 2 38 mm.

Sect. III. (Hpisindris).—Palpi of both sexes as in female

of Sect. II.

(3). SINDRIS ALBIMACULALIS, Rag., Ann. Ent. E,.and W.

soc; Pr., 1891, p. his: - : ‘ Africa,

Genus Mapeta,

Mapeta, W\k., xxvii., 17 (1863).

Homalochroa, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 332,

Palpi porrect, slender, curved downwards and extending about

twice the length of head, maxillary palpi filiform ; proboscis well

developed ; frons rounded ; antenne simple ; tibiz smoothly scaled,

Mapeta xanthomelalis, %, 1.

the outer spurs about half the length of inner. Forewing with

vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4,5 from angle ; 6 from upper

540 Sir George F. Hampson on the

angle; 7 from 8 after 9; 10,11 free. Windwing with vein 3 from

before angle of cell; 4,5 from angle ; 6, 7 stalked.

+MAPETA XANTHOMELAS, WIk., xxvii.. 17. . W. Indies,

Homalochroa estivalis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., S. America.

1863, p. 332, pl. 6, fig. 3.

Genus OryYBINA.

Oryba, Wlk., xxvii., 10 (1863), preoce.

Orybina, Snell., Tid. v. Ent., 1894, p. 5.

Palpi of male rostriform, about twice the length of head ; the

drd joint triangularly scaled, hollowed out inside, and with the

apex very acute ; in female more slender and three to four times

the length of head ; maxillary palpi minute in male, filiform and

upturned in female ; frons smooth; antennz of male minutely

Orybina flaviplaga, 3, 4.

ciliated ; tibize moderately hairy. Forewing with the costa arched

near base and apex, and slightly excised at middle, the apex pro-

duced, the outer margin e.cised below apex, then excurved, and

oblique towards outer angle; vein 3 from close to angle of cell;

4, 5 from angle; the discocellulars arising from the subcostal

nervure at origin of vein 11, so that veins 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 are stalked.

Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ;

6, 7 shortly stalked ; the costa excised at middle in male.

Type. (1). tORYBINA FLAVIPLAGA; WIk., xxvii., 11. . Himalayas,

(2). tORYBINA PLANGONALIS, WI1k., xviii., 790. Burma.

Oryba conspicualis, Snell., Trans. Ent. Soc.,

1890, p. 562, pl. 20, fig. 3 5 , . Sikhim.

(3). *ORYBINA REGALIS, Leech, Entom., xxii.,

1889; p. 71, pl. iv., fig. 9: : : . Japan.

Classification of the Pyralide. 541

Genus ProreInia.

Proteinia, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv, p. 182

(1896).

?. Palpi porrect, slender, projecting about two and a-half times

length of head, the 3rd joint about half the length of 2nd ; maxil-

lary palpi minute ; frons rounded ; antennw nearly simple ; tibie

smooth. Forewing with the outer margin slightly angled at veins

Proteinia pallifrons, @, 4 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

6 and 4, then excised to outer angle; veins 3, 4,5 from angle of cell;

6 from upper angle ; 7 from8 after 9; 10,11 free. Hindwing with

the outer margin slightly angled at vein 4; veins 3, 4,5 from angle

of cell; 6, from upper angle.

Type. PrRoreINtA PALLIFRONS, Snell., Trans. Ent. Soc.,

; 1890, p. 560 LD Aor is iSilaim:

Genus LorymMa.

Loryma, W1k., xix., 890 (1859).

Perva, Wik., Journ. Linn. Soc., vil., p. 61 (1863).

Tauba, Wlik., xxxv., 1766 (1866).

Ulotrichodes, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 58.

Palpi porrect and straight; the 2nd joint thickly scaled, and with

a long sharp tuft of hair from extremity below, extending as faras

Loryma recusata, 4, 3 (from Moths Ind, vol. iv.).

the 3rd joint ; maxillary palpi filiform; antennz of male fasciculate

with a sharp tuft of hair curved forward from basal joint, the shaft

542 Sir George F. Hampson on the

set on at an angle ; tibie fringed with hair, the spurs long. Fore-

wing long and narrow, with the costa nearly straight ; the outer

margin very obliquely curved ; vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5

approximated for one-third length ; 6 from upper angle; 7 given

off from 8 before 9. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle of cell ;

4, 5 approximated for nearly half their length ; the discocellular

highly angled ; veins 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. (1). thoryMa sENTIUSALIS, WIk., xix., 891 . E.&W.Africa.

Ulotrichodes monotenialis, Rag., Ann. Soc.

Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 58.

(2). tLORYMA ALTHALIALIS, WIk.,, xvii., 258 . S. Africa.

Asopia cultralis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent., 1872,

p..oo, pl.w, fig. 5:

(3). LoryMa rEcusATA,WIk., Journ. Linn. Soc., India, Ceylon,

Vii., p. 62

: 3 5 - Borneo.

Tauba venosella, Wik., xxxv., 1767.

Genus TRETOPTERYX.

Tretopteryx. Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 95.

Palpi porrect and downcurved, extending about the length of

head and clothed with very long hair; proboscis well developed ;

maxillary palpi clothed with long hair; frons hairy ; antenne of

male with fascicles of long cilia ; tibize hairy ; abdomen long.

Forewing with the costa straight ; the apex rounded ; vein 3 from

before angle of cell; 4, 5 well separated at origin; 6 shortly

stalked with 7, 8, 9; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from

before anglerof cell; 4,5 well separated at origin ; 6,7 from upper

angle.

Type. TRETOPTERYX PERTUSALIS, Hiibn., Zutr.,p.763 . EE. Europe,

Cledeobia weissenbornii, Frr., p. 478. W. Asia.

+Cledeobia vitreosa, Warr., A. M. N. H., 1891,

p. 436.

Classification of the Pyralide. 543

Genus ConsTANTIA,

Constantia, Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1887, p. cxxxvil.

Dattinia, Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1887, p. exxxvi.

Zonora, Swinh., P. Z. 8., 1889, p. 419.

Mnesixena, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1899, p. 472.

Palura, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 61.

Palmitia, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 78.

Hercynodes, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1895, p. xxi.

Proboscis absent ; palpi porrect and downcurved, about the

length of head and thickly scaled, the 3rd joint minute ; maxillary

palpi thickly scaled ; antennz with the basal joint thickly tufted

with scales in front ; mid and hind tibizw of male with the outer

spurs short. Forewing with the costa nearly straight ; the inner

Constantia opiparalis, g,4 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

and outer margins forming a nearly even curve; vein 3 from

before angle of cell; 5 fromabove angle ; 6 from upper angle; 10,

11 free. Hindwing with the discocellulars highly angled ; vein 3

from before angle of cell ; 5 from slightly above angle ; 6, 7 from

upper angle.

Sect. I. (Dattinia).—Antenne of male ciliated, forewing

with vein 7 from 8 after 9.

(1). CoNSTANTIA PROXIMALIS, Christ., Hor. Ent.

Ross., xvii., p. 116 ; and Rom. Mem., iii.,

pl.. 1, fig. 7.

tHyportia INGRATA, Butl., P. Z.S., 1881, Armenia,

p. 621 : : : . Persia, C.

+Hypotia rubella, Swinh., P. Z. S., 1884, Asia, Sind.

p. 523, pl. 48, fig. 9.

(2). CONSTANTIA CONCATENALIS, Led., Wien E. Europe,

Ent. Mon., 1858, p. 145, pl. 3, fig. 3 ; Syria.

(3). CONSTANTIA STAUDINGERIALIS, Rag., Ann,

Ent. Soe, Fr., 1891 : : : . Algeria.

544 Sir George F. Hampson on the

(4). CONSTANTIA SYRTALTS, Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent.

Fr., 1887, p. 137 ; and 1890, pl. 8, fig. 4. Tunis, Egypt.

Mnesixena bella, Beth.-Baker, Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1894, pl. 1, fig. 14.

Sect. Il. Antennze of male bipectinate, with short

branches to two-thirds length.

A, (Constantia). Forewing with vein 7 given off after

9, or from the same point as it.

Type. (5). COoNsTANnria CoLcHIcaLis, H.S., vi., p. 148; E. Europe,

Pyrifigt36". . ; : W. Asia.

(6). tCONSTANTIA OPIPARALIS, Swink, PIZZAS

1889, p. 419, pl. 44, fig. 11. . . Sind.

B. (Palura). Forewing with vein 7 given off from 8

before 9.

a. Forewing with vein 4 widely separated from 5 at

origin.

(7). CONSTANTIA SPECIOSALIS, Christ., Rom.

(8). Cana MASSILIALIS, Dup. vili., 230, C. Europe,

5, p. 394. : s Armenia.

(9). + CONSTANTIA BOLIN ALIS, Wk. , XVil. 266 (2) 8. Africa.

tScopula semirosealis, Wlk., xxxiv., 1467.

Hypotia achatina, Feld., Rem Nove pl. 134,

fig. 29.

(10). tConsTANTIA VULGARIS, Butl., P. Z.S., 1881, Aden, Persia,

Paps i.e pee ee eee pee : Sind.

b. Forewing with vein 4 stalked with 5 in male,

approximated to it in female.

(11). tCoNSTANTIA EREMIALIS, Swinh., P. Z. S.,

1889, p. 422 . - B . Aden, Sind.

Sect. III. Antenne of male bipectinate, with long

branches to apex.

(12), CONSTANTIA LEUCOGRAPHALIS, Rag., ?ined. Spain.

Auctorum.

Constantia pectinalis, H. S., fig. 50 : 5 . Corsica,Sicily.

Dattinia infulvalis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1858,

p: 146; pl. 3; fig.96 : ° . 5 . Syria.

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 545

Dattinia subochralis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr.,

1891, p. 60 ; : ; , . Algeria,

Hercynodes miegi, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soe. Fr., aes

p- Xxlil, Spain.

Tiypetia cubes Erschoff, Teo: ack eg D: 73,

pl. 5, fig. 10 , , Turkestan.

Hapeta bilinea, Bethune- Baker ivan: Ent. Si

1894, p. 46, pl. 1, fig. 15 4 Egypt.

Hypotia guttosalis, Christ., Deutsche Tee ert

Genus ACTENIA.

Actenia, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 134 (1854).

Inbora, Rag. isa Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 89.

Elicia, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p- 644,

Proboscis minute ; palpi porrect and downcurved, extending

about twice the length of head, the 2nd joint clothed with hair ;

maxillary palpi long and triangularly scaled ; frons with a sharp

tuft ; antenne of male with two pairs of bristles on each joint ;

Actenia honestalis, 3, +.

tibia nearly smoothly scaled. Forewing with the costa nearly

straight ; vein 3 from before angle ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from upper

angle ; 7 from 8 before 9; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3

from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

(1). ACTENIA HONESTALIS, Tr.) Schmett. Eur., C. & E. Ku-

Vil, Ds 40) X., 0,0 « : ° : . rope,Armenia.

(2). ACTENIA BRUNNEALIS, Tr. Schmett. Eur.,

vii., p. 48 5 3 A 5 - - 8S. Europe.

Pyralis comparalis, Hibn., Pyr., fig. 126.

(3), ACTENIA MALGASSALIS, Saal., Senck. Nat.

Ges., 1880, p. 298 . : : - « Madagascar.

(4). ACTENIA GADESALIS, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc,

Hrs 1Ss2; palxv, Geo wie) i. >. Spal,

546 Sir George I’. Hampson on the

Auctorum.

Actenia borgialis, Dup., Lep. Fr., viii., p. 302,

pl. 230, fig.4 . ; . 8S. Europe.

Actenia byzacenicalis, Rag., ‘Bull. "Soe! Ent. Er,

1887, p. 138; and 1891, pl. 16, fig. 7 4 - Tunis.

Genus CLEDEOBIA.

Cledeobia, Steph., Cat. Brit. Ins., ii., p. 159 (1829).

Synaphe, Hiibn., Verz., p.347 (1827) non descr.

Proboscis small ; palpi porrect and downcurved, extending about

three times length of head, and thickly clothed with hair; maxil-

lary palpi long and triangularly scaled ; frons with a tuft of hair ;

aye

nok, Od

EEE Kae

Cledeobia bombycalis, 3, }.

tibiz nearly smoothly scaled. Forewing long and narrow, the

costa nearly straight ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 well-

separated at origin ; 6 from upperangle ; 7 from 8 before 9. Hind-

wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 well separated at

origin ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Sect. I. Antenne of male bipectinated.

(1). CLEDEoBIA BoMBYCALIS, Schiff., Wien 8S. Europe,

Verz., p.120 . . . : Armenia.

Bowntye austriaca, Esp. iii., pl. 86, fig. 2)

Cledeobia provincialis, Den: .Wuep. Er., Vill:,

p. 74, pl. 214, fig. 3.

Cledeobia castillalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,

p. 143.

(2). CLEDEOBIA MOLDAVICA, Esp., iii., pl. 86,

fig. 1 . : . 8S. Europe.

Pyralis netricalis, Hibn. Eye fe. 158.

Cledeobia grecalis, Dap Lep. Fr., viii.,

p. 76, pl..214, fig. 1.

Cledeobia palermitalis,Guen., Delt.and Pyr.,

p. 141, pl. 7, fig. 3.,

Classification of the Pyralide.

Cledeobia aberralis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,

p. 141.

Cledeobia diffidalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,

p. 142.

(3). CLEDEOBIA CONSESSORALIS, Ersch., Lep.

Turk., p. 72, pli 5} figs. &7,-18 : ;

(4). CLEDEOBIA CONSECRATALIS, Led., Verh.

Z. B. Wien, 1855, p. 250, pl. 3 :

(5). CLEDEOBIA UxORIALIS, Led., Wien Ent.

Mon., 1858, p. 146, pl. 3

(6). Sma ISTHMICALIS, Led., Wien Ent.

Mon., 1858, pl. 3, fig. 9 . : ‘

(7). CLEDEOBIA TURANICALIS, Rag., Ann, Ent.

Soc: Hr., (8915 p293

547

Turkestan,

Armenia.

Syria.

Persia.

Sect. II. Antenne of male, with two pairs of bristles from

each joint.

(8). CLEDEOBIA ARMENIALIS, Led., Ann. Soc.

Ent. Belge., 1870, p. 51, pl. 11, figs. 7, 8 Armenia.

(9). CLEDEOBIA CONNECTALIS, Hiibn., Pyr.,

fig. 91 : S. Europe.

Pyralis luridalis, ¥. R. Ds 267, ai 90, ie 3.

Cledeobia lorquinalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,

p. 138.

Cledeobia subolivalis, Oberth., Bull. Soe.

Ent. Fr., 6 (vii.), p. 76.

Type. (10). CLEDEOBIA ANGUSTALIS, Schiff., Wien

Verz., p. 120 . . : ; Europe.

Phalena erigalis, Fabr., Ent. Syst., No. 408.

Phalena curtalis, Fabr., Ent. Syst., No. 409.

Crambus erigatus, Fabr., Suppl, 469.

(11). CLEpEoBIA MORBIDALIS, Guen., Luc. Exp. Algeria, Mau-

Alg., p. 398, pl. 4, fig. 5 : ‘ : ritius,

(12). CLEpEoBIA BERYTALIS, Rag., Ann. Ent.

Soc. Fr., 1888, p: 276, pl. 6, fig. 1 . Syria.

Auctorum.

Cledeobia interjunctalis, Guen., Luc. ae Fat

p. 398 5 Algeria.

Cledeobia oculatalis, Bae Bull. teu: Ent. Fr., Spain,

1885, p. 201 ; and 1888, pl. 6, figs. 7 and 8 Algeria.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—Pakr Iv. (DEC.) 30

548 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Cledeobia draconalis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soe. Pap:

1891, p. 94. Borneo.

Cledeobia bleusei, Obertttt Et. Ent,, xil., p. d4,

pl. vi.; figs 38" 5 : ; ; : : . Algeria.

Genus TynpIs.

Tyndis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 83.

Actenioides, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), ix., p. 173 (1893).

Palpi porrect, straight and reaching well beyond the frons, the

2nd joint clothed with hair, the 3rd small ; maxillary palpi minute

and filiform; antenne of male with fascicles of cilia, the basal

joint dilated, curved, and roughly scaled ; tibix moderately scaled.

Tyndis hypotialis, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

exaden &

Forewing narrow ; the costa nearly straight; the outer margin

oblique ; vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 approximated for one-

third length; 6 from upper angle; 7 from 8 before 9 ; 10, 11 free.

Hindwing with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 approximated for

one-third length ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. (1). *TyNnpys TANGANIALIs, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soe.

Fr., 1891, p. 85

(2). }TYNDIS HYPOTIALIS, Swinh., P. Z.

p. 866 : , :

} Nephopteryx cionentien Swinh., P. Z:S.,

1885, p. 877, pl. 57, fig. 20.

(3); Tynpis PLANA, Wlk., Trans. Ent. Soc. (3),

. > By. Atrica:

8., 1885,

India,Ceylon.

BEpawa: W. India.

he zamia, Swioh. oe Z. S. , 1884, p. 518,

pl. 47, fig. 12.

+Hypotia allalis, Swinh., P. Z. S., 1886;

p. 462, pl. 41, fig. 2.

Genus Discorpta.

Discordia, Swinh., P. Z. 8., 1885, p. 448.

Palpi porrect, projecting about the length of head and fringed

with hair below at extremity ; maxillary palpi filiform ; antenne

Classification of the Pyralide, 549

of male nearly simple; mid and hind tibize with the outer terminal

spurs short. Forewing narrow ; the costa straight ; the inner and

outer margins evenly curved; vein 3 from before angle of cell ;

Type.

4, 5 from angle ;

free.

angle ;

Discordia basalis, 3, 4 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

6 from upper angle ;

6, 7 from upper angle.

(1). fDiscorpia EvuLsa, Swinh., P. Z. S., 1885,

7 from 8 before 9 ;

Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell;

10; 11

4, 5 from

p. 448, pl. 27, fig. 2. ‘ ; . Bombay.

(2). -DiscorpiA BASALIS, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol. iv., p. 187 Ceylon.

(3). -|DiscoRDIA SINIFERALIS, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol. iv., p. 187 Ceylon,

Genera auctorum.

Essina atribasasilis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr.,

1890, p. 28

Arispe concretalis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1890,

K. Africa,

p. 54, pl. 8, fig. 2 . . Mexico.

Arispe ovalis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1290,

p. 55, pl. 8, fig. 3 : é : : . Mexico.

Aglossodes prionophoralis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soe.

Fr., 1890,p.63; pl. 8; fig. 5 Natal.

Baniura syrticolalis, Rag., Ann. Ent. See. Fr,

1887, p. 137; and 1899, pl. 8, fig. 6 : « )Dunis:

Arsenaria dattiné, Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1887,

p. 138 $ Tunis:

Ctenarthria khorgosalis, wae ‘Anis Ent. Soe, Fr.,

1890, p.66; and 1891, pl. 16, fig. 11 . CrAsiaz

Precopia atomalis, Giiriei. Stett. Ent., 1887,

p. 166; and Rom. Mem., v., pl. ii, fig. 6 . C. Asia.

Exarcha ineptalis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863,

p. 50, pl. 7, fig. 8 : : ; : . Venezuela.

Epizonora speciosalis, Christ., Rom. Mem., ii.,

p. 141, pl. vii, fig. 11; and Rag., Ann. Ent.

Soc. Fr. 1891, p. 637 : C. Asia.

550 Sir George F. Hampson on the Pyralide.

Species omitted.

Pyralis trilatalis, Wk., xxxiv., 1237, belongs to the Acontiina.

Stemmatophora nicalis, Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., iv., p. 671

= Bobys uxorculalis, Hulst., Tr. Ann. Ent. Soc., xiii., p. 153,

belongs to the Pyraustina.

Pyralis palesalis, Wik., xvii., 269, type lost.

Labanda herbealis, Wik., xvii., 284, belongs to the Noctuide.

Pyralis janiusalis, W1k., xix., 904, type lost.

Labanda saturalis, Wik., xxxiv., 1251, belongs to the Noctuida.

Pyralis egnusalis, Wik., xix., 905, belongs to the Phycitine.

Pyralis ratoalis, W1k., xix., 916, belongs to the Phycitine.

Pyralis noctualis, Wlk., xxxiv., 1231, is a Noctua = Celana

diffundens, Wk.

Pyralis plumbealis, Wik., xxxiv., 1232, type lost.

Pyralis humeralis, Wik., xxxiv., 1233, type lost.

Pyralis turbidalis, W\k., xxxiv., 1245, belongs to the Deltoidine.

Pyralis subcordalis, Wlk., xxxiv., 1248, belongs to the Noctuida.

Aglossa chloromelalis, W1k., xxxiv., 1249, belongs to the Tineide.

Sacoria congrualis, Wk., xxxiv., 1256, type lost.

Cledeovia albipalpis, Pag., Verz. Lep. Amb.,p.7, belongs to the

Deltoidine.

Pyralis obstructalis, Wik., xxxiv., 1210, isa Noctuid = Hypenodes

costastrigalis, Steph.

Kretmopteryx flabelligera, Saalm., Lep. Madag., 1., pl. vi., fig. 80, is

a Lithosid.

Pyralis admetalis, W1k., xix., 908, type lost.

Pyralis byzesalis, W1k., xix., 894, type lost.

Pyralis (?) contractalis, Wlk., xxxiv, 1230, belongs to the

Acidaliine.

Pyralis subjectalis, W1k., xxxiv., 1233, type lost.

Locastra sagarisalis, W1k., xvi., 160, type lost.

Stemmatophora albopunctalis, Druce, Biol. Centr. Am. Het., ii.,

p. 201, pl. 60, fig. 1, is a Noctua.

Diplopseustis haplodes, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1887, p. 197, is

a Pyraustid, gen. Cybolomia.

Diplopseustis hemiophthalma, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1894,

p. 286, isa Pyraustid, gen. Sufetula.

Pyralis procrisalis, W1k., xvii., 272, belongs to the Phycitine.

Endotricha cydippealis, W1k., xvii., 391, type lost.

Pyralis atialis, Wik., xix., 896 = varipes, xxxiv., 1225, and

vexatilis, xxxiv., 1192, is a Tortricomorpha Tineide.

Labanda ceylusalis, W1k., xix., 919, belongs to the Noctuidae.

( 551 )

XLV. Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism in South African

Rhopalocera. By Guy A. K. Marsaatt, F.E.S.

[Read May 6th, 1896.]

I am much pleased to observe that the very important

and long-neglected subject of Seasonal Dimorphism in

African Butterflies is at last receiving the attention of

so eminent an authority on entomological matters as

Mr. A. G. Butler, and I trust that the short paper before

me will soon be supplemented by many of a like nature,

for it is high time that the nomenclature of African

Rhopalocera, and more especially the Pieri, should be

thoroughly revised from the standpoint of seasonal varia-

tion. ‘he opinions expressed by my friend, Mr. Cecil

W. Barker, in his most interesting paper on this subject

(Trans. Ent. Soc. 1895, p. 413) will, I think, be upheld

by all South African lepidopterists who have taken the

trouble to investigate the matter, though I consider his

rule that the dry season form is generally smaller than

the wet season one to be inadvisable, for the exceptions

to it certainly equal if they do not exceed the illustrations

of it. Mr. Butler’s remarks on the group of Teracoli,

represented by J’. vesta, Reiche, are in every way excellent,

but when he proceeds to discuss the seasonal forms of

the genus Acrea we have an instructive example of the

extreme difficulty in accurately defining the specitic

differences of butterflies merely from a series of muscum

specimens when not backed up by a practical knowledge

of the habits and range of the species involved. Indeed,

I have not the slightest hesitation in stating that, in the

present instance, the results arrived at are entirely in-

correct and misleading. Here is Mr. Butler’s provisional

revision of the Acrita group :—

Dry season form. Wet season form.

(1.) Acrea anacreon, Trim. = Acrea bomba, H. G. Smith.

(2.) Acrea guillemei, Oberth. = Acrea periphanes, Oberth.

(3.) Aerea doubledayi, Guer.

(4.) Acrea stenobea, Wallg.

(5.) Acrwa pudorina, Staud.,

Acraa dircaea, Westw.

Acrea caldarena, Hew.

Acrea cheribula, Oberth.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—ParRT IV. (DEC.)

552 Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s

It will be advisable to discuss each of these pairs

separately in order to properly test the truth or otherwise

of the contention that they are merely seasonal forms of

one species.

(1.) A. anacreon, Trim. = A. bomba, H. G. Smith.

Domba is quite unknown to me, and at the present time

I am unable to obtain access to the description of the

type, but I note that Mr. Butler considers it to be identical

with induna, 'Trim., described from specimens captured

by myselfin Mashunaland. Assuming this provisionally

to be the case, I think I can clearly show that bomba

(= induna) is very far from being a seasonal form of

A. anacreon, Trim. 1 have taken induna fairly commonly

in Salisbury (5,000 ft ) during every month in the year,

except the three driest and coldest, viz., May, June, and

July ; it is, however, most abundant during the height

of the rains, from the middle of December to the middle

of March. In the Gadzima district on the middle Umfuilt

River (4,200 ft.) it is not very common. On the sources

of the Mazoé Kiver (4,000 ft.), about 20 miles north of

Salisbury, it was distinctly scarce, and its eastern range

seems to extend only to Umtali (3,700 ft.).. Throughout

the whole of this area where I have been collecting care-

fully for the last three years, I have never seen or heard of a

single specimen of anacreon. Moreover it is noteworthy

that induna itself exhibits seasonal variation. ‘lhe

¢ and ¢ figured by Trimen (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1895, pl. v.,

figs. 3, 3a) are wet season forms, though not very

strongly marked ones. [N.B. The figure of the ¢ does

not properly show the markedly paler tint of the ground-

colour of the forewings beyond middle, as compared with

the basal portion. |

In the extreme dry season form the ¢ and @ are

almost identically coloured, the black basal suffusion in

the hindwings being much reduced or even obsolete.

The black marginal edging of hindwings is also reduced,

so that the three yellow spots in it which are nearest the

anal angle merge into the ground-colour, and the re-

mainder up to the apical angle are clearly defined.

In the wet season form the ¢ has a strong black basal

suffusion in the hindwings, and the hindmargin is better

developed, the contained yellow spots being much

reduced, and those near apical angles almost always

obsolete. The ¢ also exhibits these differences, but the

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 553.

blackish suffusion in hindwings is usually more developed,

and in some specimens almost entirely obliterates the

red ground-colour. ‘The forewings are much _ paler,

being in some cases creamy with ochreous basal suffu-

sion.

Anacreon I have met with in Natal, where it occurs

commonly all the year round. ‘his species also exhibits

a distinct dry season form (variety A of Trimen) in which

the wings are more elongate with the black markings

attenuated. -Apart from the fact that anacreon itself

occurs abundantly during the wet season, if induna is

really the wet season form of this very common species,

how is it that it has never been met with in Natal, and

anacreon has never been met with in Mashuna-)

land ?

To summarise: We have here two species strikingly:

different in appearance, and of different habits, one of

which is only found within the tropic, while the other

only occurs to the south of it, and both of which exhibit

seasonal forms independently, yet we are asked to believe

that these are merely seasonal forms of one and the same

species. If such be the results of the theory that the

apical patch in Acrea is a seasonal and not a specific

difference, the sooner that theory is demolished the better.

(2.) A. guillimei, Oberth. = A. periphanes, Oberth.

Tam quite unacquainted with either of these species, and

therefore cannot comment upon their association.

(3.) A. doubledayi, Guer. = A. direxa, Westw.

A. stenobea, Wallg. = A. caldurena, Foe

This proposed alteration of nomenclature shows a most

lamentable confusion as to what are real specific differences

in Acrea. I entirely agree with Trimen that A. dircea,

Westw., is quite inseparable from A. caldarena, Hew.,

being merely a seasonal variation of it, as is also A.

amphimalla, Westw. As in the case of anacreon, a

study of the geographical range of the forms under con-

sideration would in itself be sufficient to show the fallacy

of Mr. Butler’s supposition. Caldarena is one of the

commonest butterflies in Mashunaland, and _ occurs

abundantly the whole year round, showing a slight

seasonal dimorphism. ‘The ¢ varies but little, showing

only a slight accentuation of the black markings in

summer, the ground-colour being of a richer pink; but

in the ? this accentuation is often carried to a much

504 Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s

greater extent, the fuscous suffusion in the hindwings

almost entirely veiling the ground-colour. The colour of

the forewings also shows a strong tendency, as in A.

induna, to become of a pale creamy tint. Such speci-

mens often exhibit more or less white clouding in the

hindwings. Caldarena is essentially a tropical species,

only just entering the extra-tropical area, whereas stenobea

is not found in the tropics at all, but occurs as far south

as the Hastern districts of the Cape Colony. The only

point at which its range overlaps that of caldarena

appears to be in the region of the Marico and Upper

Limpopo Rivers.

I have never met with this insect in life, but from the

description I have not the slightest doubt that 4. lygus,

Druce (= stenobea, var. A of Trimen) is merely the dry

season form of stenobea. The absurdity of amalgamating

stenobea with caldarena is therefore manifest. With re-

gard to doubledayi there is no question that it is quite

distinct from caldarena (= dircea), for apart from the

fact that they both occur at all seasons, their geo-

graphical ranges do not coincide at all—at least so far as

my experience goes. Dowbledayi does not occur in

Mashunaland proper, being there represented by A. axina,

Westw., and throughout South-Kast Africa it seems to

be confined more or less to the coast belt. While travell-

ing from Salisbury to Beira I observed that after leaving

Umtali caldarena became gradually scarcer, and after

crossing the Revné River it disappeared altogether. A.

doubledayt I first met with in the Manini Valley (some-

what west of the Revné River), and it was plentiful from

there right down to the coast.

(5.) A. pudorina, Staud. A. cheribula, Oberth.

I am unacquainted with either of these species; but I

notice that Mr. Butler considers A. acrita, Dew., to be

merely an intermediate form between the two. The

latter butterfly I have only met with on a few occasions

in Mashunaland throughout the dry season. Had Mr.

Butler’s theory been correct, I ought to have taken not:

acrita, but pudorina. Again, Mr. F.C. Selous, collecting

in Manica from January to June, through the height of

the rains, took a long series of acrita ; how is it he never

came across the so-called wet season form chxribula ?

These specimens have been referred to by Trimen

(P.Z.8., Jan. 16, 1894), and he has pointed out that they

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 555.

clearly exhibit seasonal variation along the normal lines.

This has been quietly ignored by Mr. Butler, who has

thereby fallen into the very error against which he warns

us later on, viz.: that of confusing local with seasonal

variation.

As the dimorphic forms in this genus seem to have

been so misunderstood, perhaps a few remarks on other

South African species may not be misplaced :—

Acrea asema, Hew. ‘The bright coloured, strongly

spotted summer form is replaced in winter by a duller

form, in which the black markings are reduced, the two

upper spots in subapical row usually being obsolete, and

very nearly the whole now is absent.

Acrea aglaonica, Westw. ‘Trimen, in discussing

Selous’? specimens of this species (P. Z. S., Jan. 16,

1894) refers to some of them as constituting rather a

striking variety in the direction of A. natalica, Boisd.

These are undoubtedly examples of the summer form,

which differ from the typical winter form in having, as

usual, all the black markings on the upper side very

strongly developed. But the most noticeable difference

is the disappearance of the peculiar transparent subapical

patch, a form of seasonal variation without parallel in

South Africa.

Several species, such as A. petrea, Boisd., A. rahira,

Boisd., and A. doubledayi, Guer., vary very markedly in

the ground-colouring of the ? ; but 1 need only cite the

most noticeable example, viz. :—

Acrva halali, n. sp. This species was first taken by

Mr. F. C. Selous on the Manini and Vanduzi Rivers,

between Umtali and Chimiro, and I have since taken it

very abundantly about Salisbury. T'rimen considers it to

be merely a slight variety of the southern A. nohara,

Boisd.; but if A. asema, Hew., be considered distinct

from A. violarum, Boisd. (which it is, in my opinion),

there is even still more reason for separating halal from

nohara. The description of the insect is as follows :—

¢ Wet season form. Bright brick-red, with a strong

pink tinge in hindwings, especially towards base. Spots

and markings of the sate general pattern as in A. nohara,

Boisd., but very much reduced, so as to give the insect a

markedly different appearance ; moreover, it differs con-

stantly in the complete absence of the discal spot below

first median nervule in forewing, and the third and fifth

556. Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s

spots of discal row jn hindwing (I have taken one very

strongly marked ¢, in which the latter was present).

The sub-basal spot below median nervure in forewings’

is very much reduced and often obsolete.

The underside is as in nohara, but the ground-colour

in hindwing is of a rich pink outwardly tinged with

ochreous ; basal half of cell and a broad, irregular, trans-

verse, discal band whitish, and third, fifth, and ninth

spots of discal row wanting.

Dry season form, Larger ground-colour dull ochreous,

black markings as in summer form, but spots decidedly

larger. Underside much paler and duller. White mark-

ings almost obsolete.

? Wet season form. Ground-colour dull, pale grey,

with faint ochreous inter-nervular rays in forewing.

Markings as in wet season form of male, except that the

black hindmarginal borders in both wings are broader,

and suffused on their inner edges. On the underside the

forewing is much paler, shining, inter-nervular rays more

distinct. _Hindwing pale-yellowish creamy, basal half

variegated with patches of pink; markings as in ¢.

Dry season form. Larger, ground-colour as in dry

season form of d, but with basal half of hindwing suffused

with pinkish. Spots strongly developed, larger than in

preceding form; inner edge of margin in hindwings

clearly defined and not suffused. Underside as in dry

season forms of d.

This species exhibits a greater amount of seasonal

variation than any South African, Acrewa I know; but

the change in the ¢ cannot be properly appreciated in

dried specimens owing to the way in which the brilliant

colours of the summer form fade. The specimens de-

scribed are the extreme forms, and every grade between

them can be found. The variation is most curious, as the

black spots are much larger in the winter form instead of

in the summer one, which shows how impossible it is to

lay down any hard and fast rule in such matters. Owing

to this development of the spots, the winter form pre-

sents a greater general resemblance to A. nohara, but the

two cannot possibly be confused.

Several of the most striking and curious instances of |

seasonal dimorphism were passed over in Mr. Barker’s

paper. I will therefore now shortly refer to them.

When collecting specimens of the handsome genus

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 5d7

Precis, I was not long in noticing that many of the spe-

cies appeared only in winter, while others were confined

exclusively to the summer. A closer investigation of

these insects has convinced me that each of the summer

species is identical with one of the winter species. My

grouping of them is as follows :—

Wet season form. Dry season form.

(1.) Precis ceryne, Boisd. = Precis tukuoa, Wallg.

(2.) Precis simia, Wallg. = Precis cuama, Hew.

: ‘ j Precis sesamus, Trim.

(3.) Precis octaira, Cram. = ; '

(Precis amestris, Drury.

Dry season form. Wet season form.

i ; KEN \ Precis pelasgis, God.

eT Ngee | Pre ces chapunga, Hew.

(5.) Precis artavia, Hew. = Precis nachtigalii, Dew.

In P. natalica, Feld., P. tugela, Trim., and P. elgiva,

Hew., the seasonal forms are not nearly so marked, and

they have, therefore, not been separated. As regards

P. sophia, Fab., which can hardly be considered as a true

South African species, the West Coast variety mentioned

by Trimen (S. Af. But., vol. 1., p. 221) will doubtless

prove to be its dry season form.

The alterations exhibited in this genus are of special

interest, not only on account of the great differences in

the colouring of their two forms, but also because

of their marked change in habits, and a study of them

might give us a clearer insight into the true cause of

dimorphism.

The general lines on which the variation runs in the

genus is as follows :—

The dry season form is smaller, and usually assumes a

duller type of colouring on the upper side, sometimes of

quite a different hue; the underside becomes of a general

brownish tint, more or less resembling a withered leaf,

the likeness being heightened by an oblique line running

from the apex of forewing to the anal angle of hindwing

representing the midrib; also by the marked pro-

longation of the forewing, so well known in the winter

form of Melanitis leda. Lastly, the ocelli on the under-

side are much reduced or obsolescent.

558 Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s

For convenience the species may be divided into two

groups: (1) Those in which the seasonal forms do not

vary on upperside and very little on underside. (2) Those

in which a marked variation occurs. An interesting fact

about these groups is that the first, comprising P. natalica,

P. tugela, and P. elgiva, is confined to the warmer, low-

lying, or heavily-timbered districts (especially along the

Kast Coast), whereas the remaining more variable species

oceur more abundantly, or even exclusively, in the uplands

and in open country. Moreover, in the former, bush-

loving group, the underside of the wet season form

exhibits almost as great a resemblance to a leaf as does

that of the dry season one. The following notes on some

of the species may be of interest :—

Precis tugela, Vrim. The underside of the summer

form changes from its somewhat variegated colouring to

an almost uniform dark brown or grey brown; the mid-

rib stripe being very clearly defined, and the apex of the

forewing still more strongly produced. ‘lhe only differ-

ence on the upper side is the presence, in the winter form,

of an ochre-yellow line along costa of forewing. The

summer form was first taken by Messrs. J. M. Hutchin-

son and C. W. Barker, at Karkloof, Natal, in the end

of February, 1894; but by the middle of March it had

almost been superseded by the winter form. Mr. Hutchin-

son informs me that there is a marked difference in the

habits of the two forms. The smaller summer form is a

bolder insect, sailing around and settling on trees at a

fair height, almost after the manner of Charaxes, whereas

the other is much more retiring, keeping among the

thick bush and settling low down, or on the ground

among dead leaves, etc. ‘lhis fact will be of interest

when we come to discuss the species in which the

seasonal forms are not so universally acknowledged.

Precis elgiva, Hew. 'This species changes but little.

The upperside remains unaltered. The winter form is

darker and duller than the summer one below, the mark-

ings being more indistinct, and the ocelli reduced to mere

dots. ‘Fhe apex of forewing is slightly more falcate, as

usual.

Precis natalica, Feld. Varies on the same lines as

the preceding species, the white markings on the under-

side of the wet season form becoming much reduced or

even obsolete.

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 559

We now come to the second group in which the

seasonal forms are very distinct, and not generally recog-

nised as such. I will deal with them in the order given

in my list above.

(1.) P. ceryne, Boisd. =P. tukuoa, Wallg. I have never

met with these species commonly in life, and am, there-.

fore, unable, to speak from personal experience, but Mr.

Hutchinson, of Estcourt, and Mr. Barker, of Malvern,

who have both collected for many years in such different

parts of Natal, assure me that they are convinced that

tukwoa is only the dry season form of ceryne. Trimen,

too, notes the close relationship of the species; indeed,

in former years he held them to be the same. They ex-

hibit just the differences one would expect in this genus,

the bright tints of ceryne being replaced in tukwoa by

duller colours, the latter also having the ocelli reduced

and the forewings strongly falcated.

(2.) P. stmia, Wallg. = P. cuama, Hew. These two

so-called species are not common just round Salis-

bury; but in the upper Mazoe River and middle Umfuli

River they are abundant ; and I have had excellent oppor-

tunities of observing the gradual change from dry to wet

season forms, though, unfortunately not vice versa. This

is a very interesting case of variation owing to the dis-

tinct gradations exhibited between the two forms, which

may be grouped as follows, according to season :—

(a) Mipsummer Form.—The typical, small, heavily-

marked P. simia, Wallg.

(b) Earty Summer Form.—'he larger, more lightly

marked form of simia, with tendency to white

clouding on upperside, described by Trimen as

a variety (P. Z. 8., 16 Jan., 1894).

the underside is very much darker and more

overclouded than in simia, though the markings

are precisely similar and well defined, showing

a preliminary sign of the midrib line. Apices

of forewings falcate.

(d) Mipwinter Form.—Cuama, in which the under-

side shows most strongly the leaf-like ap-

pearance, the simia markings being almost

obliterated by brown, grey, or yellowish cloud-

ing, with midrib line distinct, forewings very

strongly falcate.

560 Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall's

The type appears to be intermediate between the last

two forms, as of course every grade can be found between

the two extremes. ‘The dry season form only frequents

the bush, settling on the ground among the dead leaves,

or very rarely on small plants, the underside colouring

affording it excellent protection. As the season advances

the habits of the insect change, and in October and Novem-

ber the later form (c) may be found in company with the

early form of simia (b), frequenting open tops of kopjes,

flying boldly about within a limited area, and settling

with expanded wings on shrubs and bushes. ‘This is the

habit of all summer forms of Precis, and in the end of

December in both the Mazoe and Umfuli districts I have

seen some numbers of P. octaira, P. simia, P. pelasgis,

and P. nachtigalii, chasing one another around in open

spots on hill-tops, and at the same time there were a few

battered specimens of I. sesamus, P. cuama, P. archesia,

and P. artavia, all of which were evidently on the verge

of disappearing.

(3:) 2P.Goctaira,’ Cram.’ ==> Ps. sesamis Trim (=P

amestris, Drury). The dissimilarity in seasonal forms is

most marked in this species, but there is much evidence

to show their identity. Apart from the fact that they are

confined respectively to the wet and dry season, they have

been taken in copuli by Mr. F. N. Streatfield in the

Transkri Territory, and on several occasions by Mr.

Barker, at Malvern. Moreover, intermediate forms are

by no means uncommon, many being recorded by Trimen.

On the strength of such seasonal forms alone Mr. Ober-

thur, in 1883, decided that P. octaira, Cram., and P.

amestris, Drury, were one and the same species. ‘his

latter insect is evidently the northern winter form of

octaira. The larvee and pupe of octuira and sesamus

seem to be indistinguishable. In February, 1888, Mr.

Hutchinson found a dozen Precis larvee feeding together

on one bush, and at the time he considered them to be

those of a single species. Harly in March they emerged,

there being two octaira and ten sesamus. The latter

differs from the normal type of winter Precis in the

absence of leaf-like colouring below, and the very slight

falcation of forewings. This is accounted for by its

different habits, for instead of frequenting dead leaves in

the bush it prefers the dark rocks on stony and wooded

kopjes. The development of the falcation in forewings is

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 561

evidently correlated with the leaf-like coloration on the

underside in this genus.

(A.)°P: archesia, Cram: = P. pelasgis; God. (= P.

chapunga, Hew.). The intimate connection between

these three forms is much more evident. The conspicu-

ous pale stripe of the summer Pelasgis is much darkened

and reduced in archesia on both surfaces, the underside

assuming the usual leaf-like markings, and the apices of

forewings being strongly falcate. ‘rimen’s var. A of

archesia is evidently an intermediate form. I have met

with only one example of chapunga, which I captured

on the 29th December, 1894, in the Maroé Valley in

company with pelasgis, and I am convinced that it is

nothing but an intermediate form of that insect in the

direction of archesia. In the latter the discal band of the

hindwings often shows a tendency to break up into rings

round the ocelli, as in typical chapunga. Mr. Barker

informs me that he has on one occasion taken archesia

and pelasgis in copula at Malvern.

(5.) P. artazia, Hew. = P. nachtigalii, Dew. These

forms are practically identical on the upperside, but the

undersides are very. different. Artaxia with its more

fulcate forewings and distinctly leaf-like underside, occurs

(in Mashunaland at least) only during the drier part of

the year, being replaced in December by the smaller P.

nachtigalii, which is darker and clearer below, with the

two ocelli of upperside cleariy reproduced in the hind-

wing. In December, 1895, on two occasions I took a

battered ¢ of artazia im copuli with a newly emerged

2 of nachtigalii. An objection to the amalgamation ot

these two forms was suggested to me in the fact that

Mr. Selous, collecting between Umtali and the coast

during the wet season, never took nachtigalit but only

artaxia. I have shown specimens of the former to Mr.

Selous, but he asserted that he had never seen the

insect. However, while going from Salisbury to Beira,

during January, 1896, I kept a careful look out for

nachtigalii. he most easterly specimens I captured

were two ds, in very bad condition, on the top of

Christmas Pass, near Umtali, on the 14th of January.

Beyond that I only observed artazia, taking a fine newly

emerged specimen at Chimiro on the 1Uth January. If

my remarks on the J'ugela group be borne in mind, it

will be seen that these facts do not at all invalidate my

562 Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s

contention, but bear out Mr. Butler’s remark, that “ it

does not follow, because a species does not vary in one

part of Africa, that it therefore shows equal constancy

in another part.” In the warmer timbered coast belt

artaxia varies very little seasonally, but on the plateau

the variation is very marked. Mr. A. B. Koe, of Estcourt,

informs me that when on a shooting trip in Angoniland

(alt. circ. 4,000 ft.), near Lake Nyassa, he took P.

nachtigali in considerable numbers in the end of

December, 1892, and they were then just emerging.

Another genus presenting most interesting local

seasonal variation is Mycalesis, the winter forms in the

highlands of the interior being markedly different from

those of the coast region. [n the Mazoe and Umfuli

districts of Mashunalaud I captured Mycalesis simonsii,

Butl., and M. selowsi, Trim., very commonly during the

dry season, but they invariably disappeared as the rains

set in; in fact, the former is only to be found among the

long withered grass with which its colouring harmonizes

so well. As I have always considered it to be an axiom

that in South Africa there is no such thing as a species

(in the true sense of the word) which is confined exclu-

sively to the dry season, I therefore proceeded to investi-

gate the case of simonsii and selousi, and I am now

convinced that they are respectively the dry season forms

of M. perspicua, Trim., and M. safiiza, Hew.

Trimen has noted the close connection between

simonsii and perspicua, and, indeed, the underside of

the southern winter form of the latter is practically

indistinguishable from that of simonsii. Moreover,

towards the change of seasons siimonsii shows a strong

tendency towards the upperside coloration of perspicua,

some specimens becoming dark grey in the costal and

apical area of forewings, with a paler grey tint partially

obscuring the remaining yellow of upperside.

(6.) Such specimens also show a marked develop-

ment of the ocelli both above and beiow. I have

seen specimens of perspicua taken on the Shire

River by Mr. Koe, in June, 1892, and they are

similar to the Natal form. During the winter of

1898, when travelling from the Limpopo to Salisbury,

alone the main Mashuna plateau, I never saw a

trace of simonsii, though when Mr. Koe went up to

Matabeleland next winter he observed it first as he

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 563

reached the higher veldt as far south as Mangwe where

it was common.

The case of M. safitza, Hew., is yet more curious. It

is a common species on the Natal coast where it exhibits

a distinct dry season form described by Hopffer under

the name evenus. At Kuysua, in the Cape Colony, evenus

is found both in summer and winter; along the East Coast

safitza occurs in summer, evenus in the winter; on the

plateaux in Mashunaland we have safitza in summer and

selowsi in winter.

The nomenclature of the South African Mycalesis

should therefore stand thus :—

Wet season form. Dry season form.

§ Mycalesis evenus, Hopt.

( Mycalesis selousi, Trim.

Mycalesis perspicua, Trim. = Mycalesis simonsii, Butl.

Mycalesis safitza, Hew. =

There are several other species of the Nymphalide

which I believe will eventually be admitted to be merely

seasonal forms, but I have not sufficient data to deal with

them at present. Neither have I sufficient scope in the

limits of the present paper to attempt to offer any ex-

planation of the reasou of the greater or less seasonal

changes in various species, that being a subject of con-

siderable complexity, to which I hope to return later.

In conclusion, I can only trust that the foregoing re-

marks may show the field lepidopterists in South Africa,

whose numbers, I am glad to say, are increasing annually,

the immense importance of labelling every specimen in

their collections with locality and date of capture. And

further, I hope they may be induced to put on record

more than they have done in past years, their experience

of the habits, range, etc., of the various species with

which they are familiar, for the benefit of systematists at

home who are doing such excellent work, but who are

often liable to fall into error in differentiating species

merely from lack of support on the part of collectors.

Since writing the above I am glad to be able to record

an instance of seasonal dimorphism in the genus Terias

which has been proved by breeding experiments.

While staying with Mr. J. M. Hutchinson, of Estcourt,

Natal, in the latter half of last February, I succeeded in

obtaining a number of eggs of Terias zoe. On my leaving

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—partT ivy. (DEC.) 38

564. Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s

for England Mr. Hutchinson kindly undertook to rear the

larvee for me and communicate the result. I have just

heard from him that two specimens emerged on the 31st

of March, and they are undoubtedly Terias brigitta,

which Mr. Barker has already pointed out as being the

probable dry season form of 7’. zoé. Mr. Hutchinson

states that the two specimens are lighter on the under-

side than typical 7. brigitta, and this is what I should

haye expected as they are representatives of the early

dry season (winter) brood. ‘Their offspring, which would

emerge about midwinter, that is in June, will probably

show the strongly marked rcddish underside. of true

brigitta.

(1.) Since writing this 1 have had an opportunity of

examining the British Museum series upon which Mr.

Butler based his theory. There are five specimens

labelled as ‘ Acrwa bomba, Smith (= induna, Trim.),”

four of these are undoubtedly A. anacieon, 'Trim., and

are without any broad apical black patch. ‘he fifth

specimen, which has avery heavy black patch and pe

dise of both wings strongly suffused with blackish,

probably induna though differmg somewhat from ue

Mashunaland specimens, and has absolutely no connection

with the four examples associated with it. These latter

are somewhat lightly marked specimens of anacreon and

probably represent the dry season form in Nyasaland—

not the wet, as stated by Mr. Butler. Judging by the

figure of Mr. Crose Smith’s bomba it is not represented

in the series at all.

(2.) ‘Phere are only two specimens of A. periphanes in

the British Museum, and | certaimly doubt their being

the wet season form of quillemei. ‘The black edging of

primaries is certainly shghtly better developed in them, but

the hind marginal border of secondaries is not nearly so

heavily marked as in guillemei, and this does not in any

way accord with my experience of seasonal changes in

this. genus.

(3.) The form alluded to here is the Precis octaira, var.

natalensis of Staudinger. I agree with Mr. Butler in

considering it to be specifically distinct from the typical

octaira, Cram., from the West Coast, but I see no necessity

for renaming it. This species should therefore stand as

Precis natalensis, Staud. (= P. octaira, Trim. (part) =

Jun. calescens, Butl.).

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 565

(4.) This form (6) has been named Junonia trimenii by

Mr. Butler, therefore both this name and J. micromera,

Butl. (which is absolutely identical with P. simia, Wallg.),

will stand as synonyms of Precis cuama, Hewitson.

(5.) Since writing I have been able to re-examine this

specimen which is in Mr. Trimen’s collection. It is

clearly an intermediate seasonal form of pelasgis; but I

cannot agree with Mr. ‘lrimen in attributing it to P.

chapunga. ‘This latter appears to be a Central African

variety of pelasgis, and P. archesia, var. staudingeri, Dew.,

13 probably its dry season form.

(6.) I have seen a specimen from Central Africa, in

which the whole upperside colouring is exactly inter-

mediate in tint between simonsii and perspicua.

XV. On the Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera

froma pupal and oval standpoint. By Dr. THomas

ALGERNON Cuapman, M.D., F.E.S.

[Read June 4th, 1896.]

THe title of this paper is perhaps too ambitious, and

would require a volume rather than a short paper to

elucidate it. Itis incorrect, in so far that I do not propose

to do more than state, as clearly as I can, what I believe

to be the special dominating condition that underlies the

evolution of the lepidopterous pupa, from its earliest to

its latest forms. It is obvious that if there be such a

condition, and it can be at all successfully apprehended,

it will give us much greater certainty in using the details

of pupal structure as guides to the true phylogeny of the

Lepidoptera, and will show us in what respects they are

of value, and where they give less definite indications.

Though I cannot claim to present the subject in more

than a tentative form, I am emboldened to do so by the

encouragement given by our President in his last address

to the use of the “ scientific imagination,” of which I hope

this is a legitimate instance.

What I have to advance may be stigmatised as a mere

speculative hypothesis. Perchance it may prove to be so

and nothing more. My own belief is that it will be

useful and valuable in guiding the study of pupal forms

and understanding their significance, even if it should

finally appear that it has a very secondary, instead of a

primary, place in marking out the lines of lepidopterous

evolution.

The precise lines by which the quiescent, inactive

pupa, say of bees or beetles, was derived from the active

larva-like pupa, if the term is indeed at all applicable,

such as those of bugs or crickets, hardly concerns me

here ; but it is of interest to note that the great mass of

Coleoptera and Hymenoptera have a pupa of very uniform

type, helpless from its quiescence, and hence resorting

for protection to some cocoon or other cavity. Probably

as secondary to such protection, being of very delicate

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—PART IV. (DEC.)

568 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

cutaneous structure and possessing no hard chitinous

parts, the imaginal appendiges are all present, quite dis-

tinct and separate from each other, but incapable of any

movement.

The exceptions in these two orders in which the pupa

is exposed, and consequently of harder external texture,

are by no means few in actual number, but are isolated

to single species, genera, and rarely families, and seem

nowhere to have given occasion to any further evolu-

tional dev elopment.

Actually numerous as these exceptions may be, in com-

parison with the totals of these large orders, it is hardly

erroneous to neglect them, and say that the protected

pupa of delicate texture is universal throughout these

two orders, and that no further development by

departure from this rule has taken place within them.

In all protected pupee the problem has to be faced, how

is the imago to free itself from the cocoon or other

envelope protecting the pupa. In the Hymenoptera and

Coleoptera this is effected by aid of the imaginal jaws.

The imago becomes perfect within the cocoon; it not

only throws off the pupal skin within the cocoon, but

remains there till its appendages have become fully

expanded and completely hardened, and then the man-

dibles are used to force an ontlet of escape. Throughout

these orders it is the rule that the imago requires its Jaws

for other purposes—purposes that we may regard as the

primary reason for their existence. Still, their use to

extricate the insect from its pupal residence can hardly

be called a secondary matter, and in many cases, even in

some whole families, they are of no use whatever to the

imago except in this one particular; the Cynipidx are

perhaps the most striking instance of this circum-

stance.

Certain families of the Neuwroptera struck out a new

line in this matter. One or two families appear to have

followed the same lines precisely as the Coleoptera and

Hymenoptera. Whether the new departure was a

development from these, or whether it was in some way

a partial retention of the characteristics of the active pupa,

t have no materials to decide; but the fact is, that in a

group of families the pupa, otherwise quiescent and of

delicate structure, retained well-developed mandibles,

and by aid of these the pupa extricates itself from the

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 569

cocoon immediately previous to the emergence of the

imago, |

When we note that the most neuropterous of these

families retain active and useful jaws as imagines, and

that some of these, as the Hemerobiidx, have jaws of a

remarkably modified structure, we may at any rate con-

clude that in this group of families the mandibular

structures were in a highly plastic condition for develop-

ment in any direction that appeared advantageous.

This peculiar method of escape from the cocoon

associates with these Newroptera, the Phryganside, and

the Micropterygidx, families whose affinities with the

Neuroptera ou the one hand, and the Lepidoptera on the

other, have long been recognized, as well established on

other grounds.

This relationship between the Lepidoptera and the

Neuroptera was first clearly established by McLachlan

at a time when it was rank heresy to make such a sug-

gestion, and to whom sufficient credit for so definite

a breaking of new ground has hardly yet been

accorded.

{ believe Dr. Sharp quite agrees with me in assimi-

lating the Phryganeide and the Micropteryjzide together,

as being, though somewhat far apart, still nearer together

than either is to the Neuroptera on one hand, or to the

Lepidoptera on the other. I believe he sets more value

on their neuropterous than on their lepidopterous affini-

ties, whilst [ take rather the contrary view, regarding the

lower Adelidz as being very probably directly derived

from the Micropteryges. No doubt the question is more

a question of personal equation than of fact, and I would

agree that Dr. Sharp, taking a broader standpoint than

inine, is possibly able to secure a more correct view.

There are two points that I may claim as making them

Lepidoptera rather than Newroptera. The first is that

Neuroptera are carnivorous, Lepidoptera phytophagous,

The phytophagous habit is strong in the Phryganeide,

absulute in the Micropteryges. ‘Che other, which more

concerns the subject of the present paper, is that they

have lost the imaginal jaws. Micropteryx has a distiactly

lepidopterons haustellum. Looking to the more neu-

ropterous families with pupal jaws, we find they have also

imaginal jaws; it is therefore apparently correct to con-

clude that the loss of the imaginal jaw is secondary to the

570 | Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

acquirement of active pupal jaws, and that the discovery

thus made that an imago without jaws was a satisfactory

organism, opened up the whole field for the evolution both

of the Lepidoptera and Diptera. I may say that I see

every reason to believe that the Diptera also originated

here, along with the Lepidoptera, and that they had to

face the same problems that beset the Lepidoptera as to

the escape of the imago from its cocoon, without the use

of imaginal jaws. Up to acertain point their solutions

were very similar, but later the Diptera made one or two

remarkable advances, of which we find no trace in the

Lepidoptera.

‘The history of the evolution of the Lepidoptera, from a

pupal point of view, is, then, from the very beginning, a

history of the solution in various ways and degrees, of the

problem of how to escape from the cocoon without the aid

of imaginal jaws ; if this was not the dominant feature in

lepidopterous evolution, it was at least so important as

to leave distinctive features on almost every family of

Lepidoptera, up to the point at which the problem appears

to have received the most satisfactory possible solution,

or rather a most satisfactory possible solution. When

this point was reached, and it appears to have been

reached by several different roads, their pupal structure

presents a great similarity amongst a large number of very

distinct and unallied families—those, in fact, which are

classed together as Macro-heterocera.

Taking, then, the Micropteryges as being the lowest

Lepidoptera from our present as from most other points of

view, we find a method of escape from the cocoon that

differs in several important respects from that in which the

perfect imago accomplishes this by the aid of its own jaws.

We may note, however, that though it is nominally the

pupa that escapes from the cocoon, it is in reality still the

imago, the imago clothed in the effete pupal skin. To

rupture the cocoon, it uses not its own jaws, but those of

the pupal skin, energising them, however, in some totally

different way from ordinary direct muscular action, their

movements being the result of the vermicular movements

of the pupa, acting probably by fluid pressure on the

articular structure of the jaws, by some arrangement not

altogether different perhaps from the frontal sac of the

higher Diptera.

How this extraordinary method of escape originated

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 571

and was developed from the earlier and simpler method,

is a matter deserving of investigation, and will no doubt

yield many interesting facts. ‘That I say nothing about

it is due to sheer ignorance, and not the ostensible reason

that it is outside the Lepidoptera.

In the Micropteryges the jaws of the pupa not only

rupture the cocoon, but appear to be the most active

agents in dragging the pupa through the opening in the

cocoon and through any superincumbent earth, being

merely assisted by the vermicular action of the abdominal

segments, and we find in accordance with this circum-

stance that the pupal envelope is still very thin and

delicate, and has little or no hardening or roughness by

which to obtain a leverage against the walls of the

channel of escape.

There are no doubt many lost families at this point,

and we do not find precisely the next stage in the pro-

gress of pupal evolution. In all other instances we not

only find the pupal jaws absolutely lost, and also a general

hardening of the pupal skin, with a development of

roughness across the abdominal dorsum, but, perhaps,

inevitable with the hardening pupal skin, we find also a

considerable consolidation of previously separate and

movable parts.

No doubt it was soon found that great assistance to

the emergence from the cocoon was obtained by a

hardened and rough abdominal integument, and this

directly led to the further step that by a little weakening

or valvular structure of the cocoon, the jaws might be

absolutely dispensed with.

In Limacodes we find a}l the segments of the abdomen

still free, and the appendages, though fused together,

are fused so slightly as to be easily separated without

injury, and the cocoon is provided with an easily separated

lid.

In the lower Adelids the segments are more fused

together, and by aid of a beak more or less developed,

and the cocoon being made of a valved larval case, exit

from the cocoon is achieved. It would seem that a beak

was early adopted as a weapon for breaking open the

cocoon, as it exists in nearly all the Incompletx, except

the Limacodid and Nepticulid section.

In all these instances the pupa emerges from the

cocoon precisely as in the Micrupteryges, that is, the moth

572 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

it really is that emerges, but does so encased in the

pupal skin. ‘To achieve this object, it seems to have

been found most efficient to have three, four, or five

abdominal segments capable of movement, but to have

the terminal sections soldered together. So few as two

free segments is found only in the Grac‘lartidex, and is,

therefore, probably a number disadvantageously small.

A cremaster is very rare in this section. and its use,

where it exists, appears to be to enable a cable of silk not

to retain the pupa within the cocoon, but to restrain 1b at

precisely that degree of emergence from the cocoon that

is most desirable; this is usually attained when the

movable segments have so far emerged from the cocoon

that they are no longer capable of acting in the cocoon

as locomotor organs. ‘The pupa usually retains this

position by the elasticity of the cocoon gripping it tightly,

but in many Tortrices and others a cremaster and loose

cable as just mentioned exists.

The next step, that intermediate between the Incom-

plete and Oblectz, | have so far only met with in the

genus l'permenia (Chauliodus). It probably results in

some instances from a cremaster preventing the escape of

the pupa from the cocoon, and a slender cocoon permitting

the escape of the moth.

We want many more facts at this point, if perchance

they are attainable. ‘The transition is a very notable one,

we pass from what we might almost call the true lepi-

dopterous (if 1t were not also equally dipterous) process

of emergence, emergence within the pupal skin, to the

direct emergence of the imago from the cocoon, leaving

the pupal skin behind it, precisely the process in the

bees and beetles, with the important difference that

imaginal jaws are not required, and the less important

one that some final expansion and hardening have still

to be accomplished.

It puzzled me a great deal to understand why the

Obtectx always had the fifth and sixth abdominal segments

free and no others, both sexes being the same. ‘The

exceptions being almost literally none, and Hpermenia

being, so far, the only transitional form I had met with.

Now throughout the Obtecte there are many devices

for breaking through the cocoon: specially constructed

weak places in the cocoon, special softening fluid, applied

by the moth, assisted by special appliances of diverse

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 573

sorts, such as in Hybocampa and Attacus, and so forth,

but all adhere to the special obtect formula of the fifth

and sixth abdominal segments only being: free.

I conclude that this structure of the pupa is that which

affords far beyond any other, at ouce, a solid basis and

an extensible ladder, by which the imago can attain a

pupal fulcrum from which to reach and rupture the

cocoon and force itself out.

The questions of animal mechanics involved are,

however, I must admit, too complex and difficult for me

to analyse them successfully.

A remarkable confirmation of this hypothesis is, how-

ever, presented by the butterflies.

It seems very probable that when the Skippers had but

recently obtained obtect rank, they were not only still

capable of further evolution in the direction of consolida-

tion of puval segments, but had, if it is legitimate so to

express it, a distinct impulse towards further consolida-

tion. ‘They would, however, no doubt ordinarily have

adhered to the usual obtect formula, but for one circum-

stance, viz., they succeeded in doing without any sort of

cocoon.

The mechanical problem of how to escape from the

cocoon by the way of least resistance, no longer

dominated them ; and accordingly we find in each group

of butterflies, that certain families have lost the power

of movement in one, two, or all three of the incisions

that are movable in the Obtecte. ‘That the families with

least movement in each division happen to be the highest,

may be the result of what I have called the impulse to

such progress, existing in the Skippers. Much more

probably the loss of movement occurred in each instance

for some special reason, probably in pursuance of pro-

tective devices that so dominate the evolution of

butterfly pupz, and as there was no going back, it

results inevitably that in cach line of development, the

most solid pupa must be the most recent.

In my first paper presented to the Society in 1893, I

believe I gave the impression that I believed that all the

Lepidoptera might be arranged by their pupze in one line ;

I had not this idea myself, but I had not formed any

alternative view with sufficient definiteness to enable me

to advance it.

I do not know that I can go much further yet, but I

574 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

may state what I believe to be the law on this point in

this way. The Lepidoptera certainly cannot be arranged

in one line by their pup, but the Lepidoptera of one

line can be arranged by their pupz.

Two forms having different pupz, are either—

1. Not related (that is not nearly enough for definition).

2. If related, then the pupze will tell which is descended

from the other or which is furthest from the

common ancestor.

A pupa with more movable segments cannot be

descended from one with fewer ; broadly, one that is more

consolidated or has lost certain parts, cannot be ancestral

to one with more movable parts, or that retains

appendages.

I have been forced to conclude that there have been

several lines of evolution in the Lepidoptera all more or

less parallel. hat the Obtectz in fact are not a homo-

geneous group and were not derived from the Incom-

pletz at one point only, and then diverged, but that the

obtect pupal form was reached from several different

stirps of Incomplete independently under the pressure

of the problem placed from the first before the Lepi-

doptera, viz., what is the line of least resistance by which

the imago may escape from pupa case and cocoon without

the aid cf mandibles? Iam not prepared to say how far

back it was that these several stirps diverged. I still

see many reasons for deriving them from different

branches of the Palzolepidoptera; on the other hand,

I see that it is necessary to admit that, if there can be

parallel lines in the neolepidoptera, there may equally

be lines in the neolepidoptera parallel to others in the

Paleeolepidoptera, just as we have parallel families in the

marsupials and placentals, and even in the Reptilia.

My arch heresy in this respect is in claiming a relation-

ship between Cossus and Hepialus. Hepialus (starting

from Micropteryx) presents many characters similar to

Cossus, and in some respects is even further removed

from Micropteryax than Cossus is. If we grant a parallel

progression to Cossus and Hepialus, some of my objections

to the orthodox view would be diminished.

It is no doubt very difficult to admit that neolepi-

doptera with the subcostal vein of the hindwing simplified

in precisely the same manner, should be equally derived

from a Hepialid and Micropterygid source, but there are

so many forms missing that it is not safe to form any

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 575

very precise theories. I am less puzzled by the question

of frenum and jugum. The jugum is certainly a remains

of a wing lobe well-developed in many Neuroptera, and

appears to have no such function as is attributed to it of

combining the wings in flight, whilst there are distinct

traces of a commencing frenulum in some stronger hairs

in Hriocephalids.

With regard to the Macro-lepidoptera, I have not been

able to find any definite pupal characters on which they

may be classified, still less distributed in accordance to

their phylogeny. A closer examination of a larger series

of species may throw more light on the matter, but this

is very doubtful, since, for example, I find in the Geome-

trides, pupee as thoroughly obtect as the highest Noctuz,

whilst in some groups there are pup with dorsal head

plates, and in some instances these even carry the

eye-covers, a very parallel condition to that in the

Skippers. Dorsal head plates also occur in Lasiocampids,

Thyatyrids, Notodontids and some others. Obviously

these remains of earlier structure appear in the lower

families of each division.

It occurred to me to recur to some old ideas I had

about the eggs of Lepidoptera, in hope of finding some

solution of this difficulty.

It seems very probable that the eggs of Lepidoptera

should give characters useful for classification, not only

for the simple reason that every structure and habit does

so, but because it is not merely a structure, but the whole

individual at one stage of its existence, and because the

circumstances of its environment being different from

those of the later stages, it cannot have responded in the

same manner as they have, and may, therefore, afford us

differences and resemblances when they do not do so, or

have them overlaid by various characters of more modern

acquirement and less fundamental significance. Especially

being the most ancestral stage, it may probably have

some earlier characteristics, in spite of having varied in

many particulars like the other stages.

We all know that in many genera the eggs of the

different species are easily recognisable, as in Vanessa,

Pieris, Ennomos, Acronycta, Cerura, &c. It is less easy

to find characters from eggs of families, yet most of us

can recognise a Noctua or a Geometra egg, one of a butter-

fly or of a sphinge.

076 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

Can we then find any characters of ova that will enable

us to determine the probable relationships of the

different families to each other. In studying the signifi-

cance of any structure, one must be led entirely by what it

teaches, in nowise straining the facts to meet precon-

ceived ideas, and not until this is done must one compare

the results with those otherwise attained, and then see

whether the differences in results are to be reconciled by

a fresh interpretation in the newer or older studies.

Approaching the question of egg form in this spirit,

lepidopterous eggs are seen at once to present at least

two very definite types of egg, which we may name the

upright and the flat egy.

The upright egg has the Micropylar avis vertical to the

surface on which the egg is laid, and the two axes at

right angles to this are equal in length, and in fact not

definite in position, the egg being circular on any

horizontal section.

The flat eyg has the Micropylar axis parallel to the

surface on which the ege is laid, whilst the other hori-

zontal axis and the vertical axis are usually of different

lengths.

When we examine the distribution of these two forms

of eggs in different families, we find that there is rarely

if ever an exception to the rule, that one form only exists

in each family, and even in each superfamily, and that,

broadly, there appears a very strong presumption that, at

least amongst the macros, there is never an abrupt

transition from the one form to the other, and that whilst

the flat egg is probably the earliest form, and may still

retain a “capacity for reaching the vertical form, any

reversion in this respect 1s very doubtful.

If we confine ourselves to the true Macro-lepidoptera,

we find the upright egg occurs in the kutterflies and in

the Noctuze, whilst the flat egg is characteristic of

the Geometre and the Bombyces.

Now I think nineteen times out of twenty, perhaps

ninety-nine out ofa hundred, I should recognise a butterHy

egg from any other, but I have so far failed to find any one

definite character that can be predicated of all butterfly

eges and will at once distinguish them from all other

upright eges. Notwithstanding this, I think, we may

properly divide the upright egg into two divisions—the

butterflies and the Noctue.

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 577

I feel satisfied that the flat ege in the Macro-hetzrocera

has also two (at least) different forms, the difficulty of

defining them does not deter me from this conclusion,

since the greater difficulty in the case of the upright egg

is, nevertheless, merely a difficulty, and not a reason for

refusing to accept two forms of upright egg.

The two forms of flat egy are the Geometrid and the

Bombycid. The former is marked by greater rough-

ness, the lines or ribs forming the network or

sculpturing, are larger and coarser, the Bombycid egg is

smoother and more polished, yet many instances could

be quoted in flat contradiction to this distinction. ‘he

tendency of the Geometrid egg is to have a denser harder

shell than the Bombycid, though kere, again, many of the

larger Bombycids have very firm eggshells.

Whether this division between Geometrid and Bombycid

egos will hold good, it remains true that both divisions

are, in their typical forms, very distinct from the upright

egg, and whilst I am, for reasons that may or may not be

sound, inclined to derive the two forms of flat egg from

distinct origins very low down in the evolutionary scale,

it appears probable that the two forms of upright eggs,

moths and butterthes, had a common origin, though very

low down, and have long b2en separate.

In placing together all the families (of Macros) that

have upright eges, and looking for some other character

they may have in common that will confirm such a collo-

cation, we find a most valuable one in the chin glands of

the larve. ‘This curious structure is of so special a

nature, that it would require very strong evidence to

make one believe that it was separately acquired in

different families, and so when we find that it occurs

in butterflies, in Noctue, and in Notodonts, but

nowhere amongst the families with flat eggs, the

conclusions derived from the egg seem very strongly

confirmed.

No one can doubt that the butterflies are widely

separated from the Noctuz, and the evidence of the

Hesperid pupa shows that the butterfly separated from

the Noctua stirps a very considerable way below any

Noctua-like form, usually placed with the Macros. But

this evidence of egg and larval chin gland suffices to

show that they jointly separated from the Geometrid and

Bombycids still lower down.

578 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

If we take Mr. Meyrick’s classification of Macros,

based on unstated grounds, but obviously chiefly on

venation, we find that he has collected together into his

Caradrinina all the Macro-heterocera with upright eggs,

with the single exception of the Notodontide.

It is interesting here, in passing, to note that though we

may gird at the earlier classifications, we have to admit

that, with no doubt some very important exceptions, they

had a grip of the main outlines, at least, amongst the

Macros.

The four chief groups that I make on egg characters

are, as I have stated, largely the four old ones of Butter-

flies, Noctus, Geometre, and Bombyces, and these are

also practically the groups framed by Mr. Meyrick,

though I think he has missed the real value of these

groups in placing the Notodontas and sundry Bombyces

in the Geometree. He would also, though that is a small

matter, have pleased me and many others had he kept the

time-honoured names for the groups.

If we are to attach any value to the egg evidence, it is

clear that the Rhopalocera are not derived, as Mr. Meyrick

surmises, from any Pyralid form, since the Pyralids are of

a higher type than the Hesperids, and still belong very

markedly to the flat egg stirps, or one of them. The

pupz of the two groups are not derivable from a common

form, without going very far back, much further back, than

is implied in an immediate common ancestor.

A consideration of great weight, that I ought perhaps

to have placed earlier, deserves attention, that is, the

great fixity of the two types of egg, the upright and the

flat, throughout the Macro-heterocera, which is still true,

if we add the Pyralidina, as of nearly Macro rank. There

is no clear indication, amongst all the upright forms, of

derivation from a flat form or vice versa.

A few Geometrid forms are hardly even apparent excep-

tions to this, such, for instance, as Hnnomos, where the

packing together of the eggs has placed them in a sloping

position, so that, so far as position goes, they can hardly

be called flat; and, further, there is a certain amount of

rim or crown round the micropylar end; but there is per-

haps no clearer instance of the secondary axes being

distinct amongst all the flat eggs than the eggs of

Ennomos present to us.

Again, in the Lasiocampide we find the flat eg¢e

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 579

set up on end in much the same manner as in sundry

Geometras.

In our common Neustiia and Lanestris the egos are set

up on end, so that, regarding the mere terms of the defini-

tion, they are vertical eggs. ‘They have, however, three

distinct axes, and may be regarded as being laid not on

the twig at the nadir from the micropyle, but really as

being laid on one another, a further development of the

condition presented in Hndromis and some Saturnids,

where the eggs are piled up on one another.

It must be noted, however, that in some families of

Geometre the eggs present a gradual development of the

hexagonal pitting into a regular ribbing of the noctua or

nymphalid type. These still retain the pitting over the

nadir of the micropylar area, and in the Acidalias preserve

three unequal axes, though in Acidalia imitaria they

even present a tendency to be laid on the end. These

are the nearest approach to an exception to the general

rule that I have met with, and they suggest that the

upright egg is the higher form, and that nymphalid rib-

bing is also a late development, and that the Geometrid

ege is still capable. of progress in these directions.

It would be interesting to find a similar progress amongst

Bombycid ova.

It is therefore obvious that the two forms of eves, as

we find them in the Macro-heterocera, must have been

derived the one from the other, or both from some other:

form, at some much lower point in the phylogenetic

series.

In trying to trace backwards the several forms of eggs,

we find amongst the lower (Micro) forms a great prepon-

derance of groups with flat eggs. ‘This appears to be so,

after making full allowance fur the fact that our (or at

least my) ignorance of the eggs of Micro-lepidoptera is

considerable. ‘The lowliest torm with upright eggs is

Cossus; this fact is curious, since both Zenzera and

Tortrix, to which it is allied, have flat eggs. It is pro-

bable, therefore, that we here have the point where the

two forms are still unfixed and capable of easy variation,

The alliance (by pupa) of Castnia to Cossus would

probably point to this being the origin of the butterfly

stirps.

But branches, by the way, are exceedingly scarce.

Sesiidx, that I had surmised to be, perchance, a low

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—ParT Iv. (DEC.) 39

580 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

branch of the butterfly stem, cannot be so, as the eggs

are flat.

Choreutide find their location somewhere low down, no

doubt on the Noctuid division of the stem. ‘This position

explains at once the difficulty that systematists have felt

to be unsolved, whether they place it on the Tineids or

Tortricids. ‘The egg is of a most beautiful and typical

upright form.

The dorsal armature of the pupa of some genera is

of a form I have met with nowhere else, being a close-

set row of nearly spherical cups instead of the usual

spines.

Nolidz are possibly a branch from a point tolerably

high up, but below the Notodontid division, advancing

separately, so as to take rank, as judged by the pupa, at

least as high as the summit of the Noctuid crown. ‘lhe

egg is extremely curious in one remarkable point ; it is

clearly an upright egg, ribbed, and broadly not unlike a

Noctua egg, but is the only upright egg I have met with

in which the horizontal section is not circular; this sug-

gests an origin from the main stem low enough down to

admit of such a variation taking place. ‘The young

larva, according to the opinion of Mr. Dyar, who kindly

examined them, agrees very well with this position, whilst

the loss of one pair of prolegs is a very ancient variation,

no trace of the missing pair being discoverable even in

the newly-hatched larva.

The pupa is also quite anomalous, regarded asa Macro;

but would be explicable in the position I assign to it. It

has only one movable segment, the fifth abdominal, and

the terminal segments are very curiously abridged, so as

to produce a flat end to the pupa, reminding one of

Hepialus; the arrangement of the appendages is also

inconsistent with a definite Macro position, the tarsi of

the second and third pairs of legs projecting side by side

beyond the wings and antenne as a free process as far

as the incision between the fifth and sixth segments.

The detection by Mr. Hampson of maxillary palpi

in a Nolid would not, in this view, be surprising ; but

would possibly suggest that Nolids are really a branch

of the 'lineid stirps that retains the maxillary palpi; the

unequal axes of the egg would be a record of more recent

and separate derivation from a flat egg form.

Chrysocorys, which a'most certainly belongs to this

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 581

stirps, in which flat eggs are the rule, has a remarkable

egg, which is distinctly upright, and proves the transition

from one form to the other not to be difficult at this point.

It also shows that families with upright eggs may have

more points of origin than the one apparently common

to butterflies and Noctuze.

The Chloephoride have also an upright egg; the

vertical axis 1s extremely short, the general form being

an exaggeration of the very depressed egg of the

Acronyctas ; but the ribbing is of a different type, it does

not fall in line with the Nocfuz, still less with Liparids

or Arctiids. ‘The larva and pupa also suggest ditferences

difficult to seize and impossible to put into description ;

that is to say, that they agree with, say Noctue, in any

point I can put into words, and yet leave me with the

impression that there is a fundamental difference. If

this be a correct impression, there is no doubt some

feature capable of observation and description that [

have overlooked.

The Noctux have a spherical egg, ribbed vertically and

with secondary transverse ribs. J do not know any egg

that departs widely from this ; Acronyctas are probably

the extreme as to flatness. In some few the ribbing is

obscure, apparently from being lost again. This egg is

essentially the same as the Piero-nymphalid egg amongst

the butterflies; that the higher development of the

upright egg in each of its two great branches should

be so similaris remarkable. We have already noted that

the Geometrid egg tends in the same direction. ‘The

greatest difference is that the Noctua egg tends to have

the micropylar axis shorter thau the transverse (Acro-

nycta, ete.), whilst the Piero-nymphalid egg tends to have

it longer in nearly all groups.

The Arctiid egg is nearly spherical, smooth, and

polished, with a netted surface very faintly marked.

The Liparid egg is not unlike the Arctvid, but with a

denser texture, duller surface, and often with a depression

at the summit. There is greater variation here than,

say, in the Noctua. Pudibunda egg might almost

be a Notodonta. Monacha is very like an Aretia.

Salicis is enveloped in a curious foam-like gum, and

one is not prepared to refuse a place to Coryli,

Ludifica, and some others, although their eggs are

distinctly Noctuan.

582 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

The Notodonta egg is dense, dull-surfaced, opaque, and

is a hemisphere laid on its flat side. N. bucephala has a

spherical egg very like Liparids. Cerwra erminea shows

the capability of the Notodontid egg to become very

depressed.

‘ne Notodontids are a lower family than the other

three typical ones, and it is interesting to find that as the

Noctux are parallel in egg specialisation to the Piero-

nynphalids, so the Notodontids are parallel with the

Hesperids, the forms being very similar.

Notodontids have been placed in more varied positions

in classification (always, however, within the Macros)

than almost any other family, and have especially been

supposed to be on the way up to Sphinges, ete.

It seems to me impossible to intercalate a group like

Notodonta between any two families with flat eggs, or even

to make it a terminal branch (as in one sense all families are)

from a tlat-egged stirps. ‘The chin-glands of the larva are

a very strong item also. Mr. Dyar’s researches on the

larvee do not seem to me to indicate with any certainty

in which of the three great divisions of the Macro-

heterocera it should be placed. He places it, however,

with the Noctuz. Mr. Meyrick places it with Geometre,

between the Hupterotidx and the Sphinges (both Bombyces),

apparently entirely on the evidence of the neuration.

Now it is unquestionable that the neuration of the

Noctuse, Arctiids, and Liparids is of a different character

from the mass of the Notodontids, especially as regards

vein 5; but this does not appear to disagree with the

position to which I assign them, viz., in the Noctuid

stem, some way below its final division into the three

(with other exotic) highest families. In this lower position

the venation is less specialised but more variable than in

them; now the typical Notodontid venation is less

specialised than in Noctua, but it varies more, in some

instances into quite a Noctuid form, in others vein 5 is

practically absent, and in some few forms there is even so

definite a trace of a lowlier origin as indications of veins

within the cell.

When we come to the pupa, we meet with the same

difficulty that affects all the Macro-heterocera, viz., that

the differences between different families are often less

than between different genera or even species within the

same genus.

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 533

A Geometra pupa is difficult to distinguish from a

Noctua, especially a deltoid pupa, and so on.

Most species of Notodontids possess the dorsal head-

plate (cephalo-thoracic piece) dwindled to a _ small,

but quite definite portion. ‘This does not at all settle its

position, but shows that it is below the summit level of

heteroceral, pupal evolution. The texture is distinctly

noctuid, but this has reference to the subterranean

position of the pupa. Ceruwra, with a different habit,

might almost be Saturnian.

The cremastral development, consisting of two or four

short spines, seem to be processes of the pupa rather

than separate spines or bristles, as in most Noctuee

i2 some species they are quite obsolete (as in many

Arctians), in others (Clostera) they are at the extremity of

a long slender process. ‘lhe chief feature in which they

differ from Noctuz is in the appendages falling short of

the wings, but in this there is a great variety within the

group. The way in which the abdominal segments do

not materially taper till the 8th or 9th segment is dis-

tinctly Noctuan, but both this and the short appendage

covers might be claimed as Lasiocampid.

The Lithosiide, Huchromitde, and Syntomide are

hardly distinguishable from Arctiide. The Agaristide

(Alypia octomaculata is the only species I have had from

the egg) is very close to Noctuide. Of other (exotic)

families and subfamilies (Pericopide, etc.) I am very

ignorant.

The Lithosiid# and some Arctiidx (Spilosona) are the

only Macro-heterocera I know whose pup seem fairly

on the way to lose all movement; in some instances,

possibly, they have achieved that result. This is

probably associated as cause and effect with their pos-

sessing a soft flimsy cocoon from which escape does not

much depend on the nature of the support and fulcrum

afforded by the pupal skin.

When we come to the Bombycid stirps, there appear to

be very good reasons for associating together a certain

group of families, and these all are characterised by pos-

sessing a flat egg—that is, an egg so laid that the micro-

pyle is not on top but at one end. ‘I'his egg has three

axes of different length, the micropylar being the longest,

the vertical the shortest ; it has generally a very smooth

surface, the sculpturing being very slight and shallow,

584. Dr. ‘Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

the texture often firm, but tending to be delicate, and it

has, I think, always both ends of equal size—that is, it

is not more narrowed towards the micropylar end or at

all pear-shaped, and it tends less than the Geometrid egg

to narrow towards the ends.

Packard’s description of the egg of Dryocampa rubi-

cunda may be taken as typical: ‘ Oval, a little flattened,

the shell yellow, thin parchment-like, the surface smooth,

polished ; under one-half inch objector showing no traces

of pits or polygonal areas. ‘he shell is so thin that

unfertilized eggs collapse irregularly.”

This group has three (at least) branches, the Lasio-

campida and Kupterotida; and two branches of which,

Endromidee is possibly the base passing by Aglia to Cithe-

ronidee and Sphingide on the one hand and to Bombycidee

and Saturnidz on the other.

The form of egg is so similar to that obtaining in

Anthroceride and Megalopygide, that I cannot resist the

conclusion that this series originates in my ‘‘ Micros whose

larvee are external feeders,” though intermediate forms to

bridge over the great distance between Limacodes and

Lasiocampa are unknown to me. My observations on the

spines of Limacodes and Eacles, and again of these and

Sphinges and Saturnids, together with the much larger

series on this subject published by Packard, and the

observations of Poulton and Weissman, on larve of Aglia,

Sphingidee, ete., leave no room for doubt that all these

families are related, to the exclusion of the Geometrid

stirps. Most Macro pupe, except, perhaps, the upper

families of the Noctuid series, present some indications:

of a Micro derivation. Here the Lasiocampids (like the

Notodontids) preserve traces of the dorsal head-piece ;

but a more important feature that is preserved is

that of pupal locomotion. Some Lasiocampids can

travel to and fro in their cocoons, whilst Hndromis

and Sphinx actaally present. instances of the pupzx

emerging from their cocoons, this seems to be a feature

distinctly binding this group together. They are all

thick bodied.

The Geometrid section has a thicker egg than the

Bombycid, usually with a bold raised netted sculpturing,

the ends are often narrower making the egg distinctly

ovoid, the micropylar end being the narrower. The

moths are slender, the pupe of not a few groups

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 585

possess the dorsal head-piece; in some few Geometers

the eye-pieces actually separate in connection with this

piece, there are others in which the pieces separate with-

out adhering to the head-piece. These forms are no doubt

the lowest of the group ; they occur in Eupithecia, Thera,

and some allied genera.

In tracing these series downwards, we find the same

form of egg in Crambus, in many Pyraloids, and in not

a few Tineina, such as Chaultiodus and Orneodes. In

many of these we find, as in most Geometers, but

never I think in Bombycids, that one end of the

egg is narrower than the other, making the egg pear-

shaped.

This stirps in fact includes nearly all the lower forms.

The egg in different groups of these varies within wide

limits. Insome families it is very depressedandscale-like ;

as, indeed, is the Bombycid egg in many Limacodids,

if we are correct in tracing the Bombycid egg to that

origin.

lf the Geometre really belong to this stirps, we must

note that the majority of the stirps culminating in the

Pyralids preserve the maxillary palpus, and that the

Geometrid Macros must be derived from branches lower

down which have lost the palpus.

The Cymatophoride (Thyatiride) unquestionably, on

the evidence of their ova, belong to the Geometrid divi-

sion, many of them are still characteristically slight bodied.

The larvee of some genera preserve the Micro habit of

living between leaves, though they have Macro legs. A

trace of dorsal head-piece is always. present in the pupa,

which has the tapering hind segments of the Geometrid

type. The Brephide almost certainly belong here and not

to the Bombycids. The egg proves they are not Noctue.

The Drepanulide are very puzzling. I incline to place

them here, they are probably like the Nolid# on the

Noctua stem, a form as high as any other, but witha

separate origin low down. The egg is rather Bombycid

than Geometrid, the larva is very isolated, the prolegs

are of the same formula in the newly-hatched as in the

adult larva, the pupa is of high Macro type. Whilst

the imago is slender-bodied, preserves a frenulum,

and has rather a Bombycid than Geometrid type of

markings.

The complete circles of hooks on the larval prolegs in

586 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

stage 1, with traces of the outer series of crochets in the

adult larva, prove that it cannot be closely associated

with any other Macro-heterocera, and whether we associate

it with the Bombyces or Geometre, it must have

departed from the main stem very low down, probably so

low that it would hardly be correct to recognise the stem

so low down by its Macro name.

Mr. Dyar associates the Drepanulids with the Geometre,

the fashion of the young larve fastening leaves together

flatly (like Cymatophorids) is the only character that is

difficult to recognise, as, perchance, Bombycine.

On submitting an outline of this classification, by ova,

to Mr. Dyar, it appears from the short criticism with

which he favours me, that it substantially agrees with

his larval classification, except on one point—that is, the

position of the Lasiocampide, which he derives from the

Notodontide. his, I find it extremely difficult to

agree with. I find a great many points in the Notodontid

pupa, in which it agrees with the Lasiocamps, so many

as to prevent my saying there may not be some way of

reconciling the differences. But I certainly do not see

any, and think the agreements are instances of parallel

variation or evolution, the two families being at very

nearly the same level on their respective stems.

Mr. Dyar derives Lasiocampids from Notodonts. The

Notodonts are higher in having less mobile pupz and

in having a vertical egg. Since the flat egg is probably

the earlier form, it is improbable to a degree, for which

impossible might not be too strong a term, that it should

revert from the upright form in Notodonts to a flat one

in Lasiocamps.

The Notodontas are, therefore, claimed both by Mr.

Meyrick and Mr. Dyar as presenting an instance of a

per saltum transition from a flat to a vertical egg, or

vice versa, but with very different results as to the

positions in which they place it. Whilst admitting that

the conclusions I derive from egg structure will probably

have to be largely modified by the acquisition of wider

knowledge and a closer comparison with other structures,

I do not think they will be so far overturned as to justify

the position assigned to the Notodontids, beside Lasio-

campa by Mr. Dyar, or beside Geowetre by Mr. Meyrick,

their results being as mutually incompatible as they are

with mine. Mr. Meyrick placing Notodonta amongst

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 587

Geometre and Sphinges, and deriving it (with them, and

at some distance) from Lasiocampa.

Mr. Dyar really agrees with me as to Notodonta, placing

it in Noctwina (Mr. Meyrick’s Caradinina), but differs as

to Lasiocampa, which he places above Notodonta. On

each point, therefore, I have the agreement of one of

these authorities, as against the other. I also agree with

them as to the many points of resemblance between

Notodonta and Lasiocampa, but differ in regarding

them as the result of parallel and not of derivative

variation.

XVI. Termites in captivity in England. By Grorce

D. Havitann, M.A., and Davin Saarp, M.A,,

F.R.S.,, ete.

[Read October 21st, 1896.]

Ir will be recollected that at the meeting of the Society

on June 5th, 1895, I exhibited on behalf of Mr. G. D.

Haviland, who had brought them to Hngland from

Singapore, two societies of Termites in glass tubes.

‘hese small associations survived for a _ considerable

period—very different in the case of the two species,

however; and as there are some points of interest in

connection with them, Mr. Haviland has kindly put

together notes of his observations. ‘lhe association of

Calotermes domesticus was, however, in my charge

during most of the time it existed. [D.8.]

Calotermes artocarporum [n. sp.}.

* “The specimens were found by a native collector in

Sarawak in the dead stump of a Champadak or Jack-

fruit tree (Artocarpus integrifolia). He brought back a

log of wood full of them about the middle of September,

1894. Some individuals were mounted and sent to Dr.

Sharp.

‘“‘ September 23rd the log of wood was split open and

a search made for the queen; neither the queen nor any

winged forms were discovered, but a king was found.

Many of the individuals, including two or three soldiers,

were put in a pudding dish with plenty of wood, and the

dish was covered with glass. At first they were kept

damp with moist cotton wool, but a peculiar fly became

plentiful under the glass, so the damping of the cotton

wool was given up. They were also at first protected

from ants by placing their dish in water, but this

protection was found unnecessary and was given up.

They united the pieces of wood together by earthen

walls derived from proctodeal discharges, thus protecting

themselves from dry air and light. Generally, however,

* The parts in invertedcommasare furnished by Mr. Haviland.—D.S.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. LOND. 1896.—parT IV. (DEC.)

590 Mr. G. D. Haviland and Dr. D. Sharp on

they passed solid oval frass like the furniture Termite

(Calotermes domesticus). If picked up they discharged a

drop of muddy fluid from the auus, which under the

microscope was found to be literally crammed with

infusoria.

“ About December 16th some of these Termites were

taken and placed in glass tubes plugged at the mouth

with cotton wool and kept in a closed box in the dark.

In some of the tubes 12 individuals and in others 24

were put. Ina few days it was noticed that in two or

three of the tubes there were Termites without the

posterior end of their abdomen, they looked as if the

posterior half had been snipped off. They were alive and

on the wood. There was no evidence to support the

idea that they had been bitten. It is probable, how-

ever, that the condition was in some way the consequence

of insufficient food and moisture ; for the wood that they

were on was too hard for them.

“Many of the specimens preserved in spirit at this

time, or earlier, have compound eyes, are yellowish in

colour, and clearly are incipient neoteinic forms, un-

fortunately the exact dates at which the specimens were

put into spirit are not recorded on the tubes.

“On January 2nd the following record of the tubes

was made :—

“Tube 1. 19 individuals, without trace of wings, but

varying in size; one is brown with brown compound

eyes; another is yellowish white, uniform in colour

except for the dark streak of the cardiac vessel, it is of

smaller size than the first, and its compound eyes are not

pigmented ; the other 17 have no compound eyes, and

are white except where the brown colour of the miesviacs

shows through the cuticle.

“Tube 2. 16 are alive and two are dead at the

bottom of the tube. They all seem to be in a bad way,

and to be starving, the wood appears to be too hard for

them. None of them have signs of compound eyes.

“Tube 3. 18 individuals, none are yellowish or have

compound eyes, Their wood seems hard, but they are

healthy.

“Tube 4. 11 individuals, healthy, none appear to

have compound eyes.

“Tube 5. 7 individuals healthy, none appear to

have compound eyes.

Termites in captivity in England. ool

“Tube 6. 7 individuals, some small and dwarf

looking, none appear to have compound eyes.

“On February 21st the following observations were

made at sea off Aden :—

“Tube 1. 4 individuals; one of them is brown with

compound eyes; the other three are white and one of

them is very short.

“ Tube 2. 3 individuals, small and of starved appear-

ance.

‘“Tube 3% 4 individuals, one large and one very

short.

“Tube 4. 11 healthy individuals, one a well developed

brown form with compound eyes.

“Tube 5? 2 miserable individuals.

“Tube 6. All dead.

* March 13th in the English Channel. The Termites

seemed to stand the cold till the thermometer went down

to 50 degrees, but yesterday the thermometer went lower

and they were nearly dead, lying on their backs, just

able to move a leg when breathed on. I have taken

them down to the engine room where the majority at

once recovered.

“March 30th. Almost all these Termites now have

eyes and some of them are growing wings. In the dish

are 56 still alive, all the soldiers are dead and there are

no substitution forms; added 5 from a tube, making in

all 61. In one of the tubes there is a substitution form.

* April 6th. Put all the Termites from the tubes into

the dish, there is amongst them a good neoteinic

individual.

“On December Sth, 1895, all the Termites except the

neoteinic individual, which was a king, were dead. On

December 7th he died also.”

Calotermes domesticus [n. sp.].

“From the beginning of November to the 9th of

December, 1894, a good number of individuals were kept

in a tube-under observation, but as no neoteinic indi-

vidual could be seen spirit was added and some fresh

tubes started. The exact dates of the starting of these

tubes was not recorded, but none were started after

January, 1895.

592 Mr. G. D. Haviland and Dr. D. Sharp on

“On March, 17th, 1895, they reached England and

were sometimes exposed for brief intervals to cold, once

to below 45 degrees I’., when they were quite helpless,

but soon recovered; generally they were kept warm

artificially.

“On March 30th there was only one tube of them left,

but that had a good number of individuals init. It had

frequently produced winged individuals and continued

to do so at intervals, till there were but few left; these

imagos could not escape through the plug of cotton wool,

and did not seem to live many days after they had got

their wings. So far there was no neoteinic individual

recognized,

“On December 5th, 1895, Dr. Sharp, who then had

charge of them, wrote: ‘The colony is producing

winged forms and eggs: where the eggs came from I

have not ascertained, they are of comparatively large

size; the Termites lift them in their mouths and carry

them about as ants do.’ ”

The specimens of this species under my charge were

all contained in a test tube 6 inches long, 38-inch in

diameter. The tube contained a large splinter of the

wood tke Oalotermes eats, and was closed by a plug of

cotton wool; the ‘l'ermites never attempted to interfere

with this plug, but kept away from it; occasionally it

was taken out and a minute quantity of water was added

tomake the atmosphere damp. ‘The intra-tubai arrange-

ments of the Termites were interfered with in no other

way ; the tube was placed in a small card-box, packed

with cotton wooi to keep it steady, so that the Termites

were not exposed to light; during the winter the box

was placed in a corner of one of the apartments of the

new museums at Cambridge (the Bird-room), under the

hot-water pipes, but, notwithstanding this, it was exposed

to great vicissitudes of temperature. The Termites, on

the whole, did well, and had there been more of them to

start with, it is, I think, probable that the association

might have been maintained for a lone time, instead of

becoming extinct in October, 1896, after nearly two

years of this highly artificial kind of existence. At first

the colony produced numerous winged individuals, and this

process continued for about a year; none of the winged

individuals were taken out of the tube, and I think they

all soon died. As a result, at the beginning of the

Termites in captivity in England. 593

present year the number of individuals in the tube was

reduced to about twenty; for some time eggs in very

small number were to be seen, I doubt whether more

than four or five were produced; and they did not

hatch. The number of individuals of the association

continued to diminish throughout the summer, and as the

autumn set in they languished more and more so that on

the 17th October only a single individual was to be seen,

and this was evidently dying. Onthat date I opened the

tube and took out the fragment of wood, and splitting it

up I discovered, concealed in a cavity, another individual,

a neoteinic one, that doubtless had produced the eggs.

As this cavity had been the centre of activity during the

egg-laying period of the colony, I was not surprised at

finding this queen init. Although left quite alone, this

specimen seemed in good health (though one of her feet

had been amputated at some time). I removed her and

placed her in the small glass tube in which I exhibit ber

this evening. ‘The night of the 19-20th was cold, and

on the morning of the 20th the queen was torpid, but

revived on the tube being placed in a pocket of my

waistcoat. The chief point of importance is that though

this colony had abundant opportunities of using adult

individuals for the purposes of reproduction they did

not do so, but established a neoteinic queen. I have

no reason to suppose that there was a male present,

and this may have been the reason that none of the

eggs hatched.

Very little trouble has been taken with this colony ;

indeed, it has often not been looked at for several weeks,

and, as the result of this experiment, I feel sure that

observations on living Termites may be carried on in this

country with very little trouble. Ifan artificial termitariam

such as that recently designed for ants by Mr. Ch. Janet,

and described in the Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1893, p. 467,

were used, and care taken that the temperature never fell

below 60 or 65 degrees Fahr., I believe very little

difficulty would be experienced in keeping the creatures

in good health and in making valuable observations.

Calotermes domesticus seems specially suitable for the

purpose ; it is a very abundant and destructive insect at

Singapore, but there is not the slightest danger of its

doing any damage in this country. Indeed, I may

remark, that all the evidence goes to show that Termites

594 Mr. G. D. Haviland and Dr. D. Sharp on Termites.

can nowhere be destructive until after they have been

established for some considerable time in any given

locality. Their increase can be carried on at a good rate

only after a certain complexness of conditions has been

established. Finally, | may remark that 1 am inclined

to believe that the posterior parts of the bodies of

individuals of this species may have been eaten by their

associates, but I never saw the act.

18tH DEecEeMBER, 1896.

THE

PROCEEDINGS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON

For tHE Yerar 1896.

February 5th, 1896.

Professor RapHarL Mexpona, F.R.S., President, in the

Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks

voted to the respective donors.

Nomination of Vice- Presidents.

The President announced that he had already nominated

Dr. D. Sharp, F.R.S., Mr. Roland Trimen, F.R.S., and

Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford, Vice-Presidents for the Session

1896—1897.

Election of Fellows.

The Rev. John Hocking, M.A., of Copdock Rectory,

Ipswich, and Mr. J. C. Moberley, M.A., of 9, Radstock Place,

Southampton, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Correspondence.

Mr. Goss, one of the Secretaries, read the following letter

from Mr. 8. H. Scudder :—

Campripce, Mass., U.S.A., December 15th, 1895.

Dear Sir,

I have to-day received your announcement of my

election as an Honorary Fellow of the Entomological Society

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., I., 1896. A

(oily)

of London, and hasten to assure you of my grateful recog-

nition of the honour.

In view of the limited membership and of the distinguished

ability of those upon whom this honour has been conferred

from the beginning, I can but regard it as the highest com-

pliment that can be paid an entomologist and a complete

recognition of his services to science.

Tf the Librarian will kindly send me a list of my publica-

tions in the Society’s possession not in the printed Catalogue

of 1898, I will make the series as complete as it is in my

power to do.

With cordial greetings to the Society,

T remain,

Very sincerely yours,

Samu. H. Scupper.

H. Goss, Esq.,

Hon, Sec. Entomological Society of London.

Exhibitions, ete.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited pup and portions of pup of a

silk moth, Antherwa mylitta, selected from some scores of

specimens, which he had opened to see if they showed

stages of development agreeing with the examples given by

Dr. Spuler. Mr. Waterhouse’s remarks were illustrated by

a diagram. The results appeared to confirm Dr. Spuler’s

researches ; some specimens showed the tracheex, the median

vein having two branches, very rarely emitting a third branch

in the direction of the radial. Other specimens had faint

indications of the veins and of the discoidal spot of the

imago. Even at this very early stage the vein branching

from the subcostal vein to unite with the upper radial, and

the short branch uniting the second median vein with the

third median were distinctly traceable, no traches being yet

visible in these branches. Mr. Waterhouse said that these

specimens showed (1) that the branch vein connecting the

subcostal with the radial veins, and the short piece connecting

the second median with the third median veins were

developed quite independently of the trache seen in the early

Ct)

stages of the pupa; (2) that the subcostal trachea at quite a

late stage emitted a branch to join the radial vein, where it

either united with or took the place of the radial trachee ;

(8) that the median trachea at a late stage emitted a branch

to join the third median vein, which it entered and apparently

took the place of the first branch of the radial trachea.

Mr. Merrifield, Mr. Hampson, and Dr. Sharp took part in

the discussion which ensued.

Mr. E. E. Green remarked that in the Trans. Ent. Soc.,

1881, page 601, there was a short paper by the late

Prof, J. O. Westwood, describing a curious little insect from

Ceylon under the name of Dyscritina longisetosa. Prof.

Westwood believed his typical specimens to be immature.

Mr. Green exhibited what he supposed to be a later stage

of the same species. He said his example differed in some

particulars from Westwood’s description and figure—notably

in the proportions of the caudal appendages. Prof. West-

wood pointed out the affinities of Dyscritina to the Forfi-

culide. This was very apparent in the specimen under

consideration. Putting aside the nature of the caudal

appendages the insect was in all particulars an earwig.

The present specimen was taken in the Punduloya district

of Ceylon, at an elevation of about 4,000 feet. Mr. Green

said he had more than once seen this insect under loose

pieces of bark and in crevices of rocks, and had always

been struck by its likeness to an earwig both in appearance

and habits. Mr. McLachlan, Dr. Sharp, Mr. Gahan,

Mr. Blandford, and Mr. Hampson made some remarks on

the subject

Mr. O. E. Janson exhibited a Goliath beetle, from the

Upper Congo, which he believed to be the male of Goliathus

russus, Kolbe, described from a unique female example in the

Berlin Museum.

Mr, Blandford called attention to a case of the eye of a

boy affected with inflammation caused by the hairs of the

larve of Lasiocampa rubi. The attack recurred after an

interval of nineteen weeks, and in several continental cases

this recurrence of the attack had been found to take place,

and in some cases permanent injury to the eye had followed,

( iv )

Mr. Blandford discussed the various kinds of hairs on several

caterpillars, certain species having hairs of two kinds, one

kind being barbed, and thus having the power to work into

the skin. This was the case with Cnethocampa and Porthesia

similis; the urticating hairs in these species were from

‘1 to ‘2 mm. in length, sharply pointed at the base and

finely barbed, the apex in the latter species being trifid. The

number of these hairs on a single larva of C. processionea had

been estimated at 720,000. He said that the urticating

property of the hairs appeared to be mechanical: there was

no evidence of any poison glands. On this point the ex-

periments of Staff-Surgeon Liibbert (Judeich u. Nitsche,

Lehrb. der Mitteleur. Forstius., p. 907) appeared to him to

be conclusive. They showed that no reagent was capable of

extracting any irritating substance from the hairs, that they

retained their urticating properties without alteration and

indefinitely, and that these properties were unaffected by

treatment with acids, alkalies or other reagents, or heat, as

long as the structure of the hair remained unaltered. More-

over, hairs softened by prolonged maceration, e.g., in alcohol,

lost their power of irritation, but regained it fully on being

dried. He had examined the two hairs extracted from the

eye of Mr. Lawford’s patient, and found them to be identical

in all details with the shorter and stiffer hairs of the cater-

pillar of Lasiocampa rubi.

Mr. Lawford said he had had some difficulty in discovering

hairs in the lid, and he thought that the symptoms in the

case in question were not to be explained by mechanical

irritation alone due to the presence of hairs in the tissues.

The subject was a new one to him, and he had looked up all

the medical literature bearing on it. Lord Walsingham,

Mr. Tutt, Prof. Poulton, Canon Fowler, and Mr. Jacoby

made some remarks on the subject.

Papers, etc., read.

Dr. F. A. Dixey read a paper entitled ‘‘On the Relation of

Mimetic Patterns to the Original Form,’ in which he

dealt with (1) the Gradual Growth of a Mimetic Pattern;

(2) Sexual Dimorphism in Mimetic Forms; (8) Reciprocal

(Vv)

Mimicry between Inedible Forms, and (4) Divergent Members

of Inedible Groups. The paper was illustrated by coloured

_ drawings of the species referred to. The author said:

(1.) An objection often brought against the theory of

mimicry was the difficulty of imagining the first stages in

the production of a mimetic pattern. In reply to this Fritz

Miller urged that mimicry must be supposed to have origi-

nated between forms that already bore considerable re-

semblance to each other. His contention, though hardly

confirmed by the instances on which he relied, is sound in

so far as it emphasises the fact that the process of mimetic

assimilation depends’rather on the development of old than

on the starting of new features. An illustration of this is

afforded by a comparison of the non-mimetic butterflies,

Pieris locusta and P, phaloe, with the mimetic species of the

closely allied genus Mylothris, and with Heliconius numata,

which serves as the model for the latter; all these being

neotropical forms. The whole series shows (i.) that a

practically perfect mimetic pattern can be evolved by gradual

stages without any abrupt change ; (ii.) that it is not neces-

sary that the forms between which mimicry originates should

possess considerable initial resemblance; (iii.) that so small a

beginning as the basal red patches on the underside of the

hindwing of many Pierines gives sufficient material for the

assimilative process to work upon.

(2.) The feeble development of the mimetic pattern in the

males of this group calls for some explanation. No doubt

the females stand in greater need of protection, but does

there exist any active check on the fuller assumption of

mimetic patterns by the males? The retention of the

original white by the latter sex has been in similar instances

attributed to female choice; Mr. Wallace on the other hand

thinks it due to the difference of habits in the two sexes, the

females alone flying in company with the mimicked Heliconit.

But this leaves unexplained the presence of a partial mimetic

pattern in the male. The probability is that although on

the wing it may be advantageous rather than otherwise to the

male, as Mr. Wallace thinks, to be taken for an ordinary

white butterfly, yet when the insect is at rest, and settled

‘(( we)

with the wings erect, any Heliconine resemblance would

be to some extent protective ; and the whole aspect of these

males, the underside alone of which shows any mimetic

features, is the resultant of these two divergent tendencies.

The mimetic features of the male cannot be regarded as a

mere incidental result of the more complete transformation

of the female, because in many species of other groups the

female is completely mimetic while the male shows no

approach whatever to a mimetic change; moreover, there is

a species of Hesperocharis (H. hirlanda), in which not only

the male but both sexes show a partial mimetic pattern

no further advanced than that of M. lorena g or M. pyrrha

é. It is difficult to believe that in this case the pattern is

not in some degree protective.

(3.) Red basal spots in combination with a white or yellow

costal streak on fore or hindwing are found alike in some of

the mimicking Pierines, and of the mimicked Heliconii. These

spots are too widespread in the Pierine subfamily to have

arisen from imitation of the Heliconii. Their definite pre-

sence in the latter is probably due to reciprocal mimicry

between distasteful forms, as previously suggested by the

author. The same principle is applicable in a very large

number of mimetic groups, all or most of whose members

are probably inedible (Miillerian mimicry or convergence).

It would not be applicable in the longer-known cases where

a distasteful is mimicked by an edible form (Batesian

mimicry).

(4.) A curious case of a mimetic assemblage is afforded

by the Pierines Huterpe tereas and EF. bellona, together with

their respective models Papilio zacynthus and the Heliconii of

the erato group. The Papilio and the Heliconit have no

close resemblance to each other; but appear to be held to-

gether, as it were, by the intermediate Pierines. If the

Ffeliconti are considered as the models for the whole group,

the question arises, why F. tereas should copy a model (LP.

zacynthus @) and not a very good one, instead of the original

distasteful model (Heliconius). It is more probable that here

also we have an instance of an inedible (Millerian) associa-

tion; this conclusion being strengthened by the fact that a

Gy vat ~’)

certain amount of give-and-take, or reciprocal mimicry, seems

to have occurred not only between the Heliconii and the

Pierines, but also between the Pierines and the Papilio.

Dr. Dixey concluded by urging the importance of accurate

observations in the field, especially as regards the habits,

postures, modes and times of flight, prevalence, seasonal

occurrence and exact distribution of all forms associated in

mimetic relations. Only by such means, in conjunction with

experiments conducted in the midst of their natural surround-

ings, could the suggested explanations of these complex

phenomena be satisfactorily and finally tested.* °

Prof. Poulton expressed his gratification with the paper,

and at the fact that the Hope Oollection under his charge

had afforded material for the work. He thought the result

of the paper was to extend the theory of Fritz Miller over

some of the ground hitherto believed to be covered by the

theory of Bates. Myr. Blandford, Mr. Tutt, and Prof. Meldola

continued the discussion.

Dr. Sharp contributed a paper entitled ‘“‘ The Rhyncho-

phorous Coleoptera of Japan. Part IV.”

February I9th, 1896.

Professor RarpHart Merupoua, F.R.§S., President, in the

Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks

voted to the respective donors.

Election of Fellows,

Mr. T. Hudson Beare, of Park House, King’s Road, Rich-

mond; Mr. William James Kaye, of Worcester Court,

Worcester Park, Surrey ; and Mr. Charles H. Dolby-Tyler, of

the British Consulate, Guayaquil, Ecuador, South America,

were elected Fellows of the Society.

* The greater part of the above abstract has appeared in the “ British

Association Reports for 1894,””—H. G. and W. W. F., Eps.

( viii )

Exhibitions, ete.

Dr. D. Sharp exhibited preparations of Dytiscus latissimus

and Cybister roeselii, to show the so-called secondary wing,

noticed by Meinert. He stated that this structure is only a

part of the elytron, to which it is extensively attached, and

that he considered that it corresponded with the angle at the

base of the wing seen in so many insects that fold their front

wing against the body. He could not consider that this

structure afforded any support to the view that the elytra of

beetles correspond with the tegule of Hymenoptera rather

than with the front wings. He also exhibited specimens of

Neuroptera, and pointed out that this secondary wing agreed

in position and structure with a small lobe on the front wing

of Raphidia. Mr. McLachlan, Prof. Meldola, and Mr. Gahan

made some remarks on the subject.

Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited, for Dr. H. G. Knaggs, cells of

Retinia resinana formed of resin but lined with wax. A

portion of the cell had been removed and the resin dissolved

away with spirit, leaving a slight film of wax (cf. Ent.

Mo. Mag., Nov., 1895, pp. 251, 252). Mr. Tutt stated that a

secretion of wax had been detected by Dr. Chapman in Par-

nassius apollo. Prof. Meldola suggested that as Dr. Knaggs

had shown how to separate the resin from the wax it would

be of interest to make a chemical investigation of the latter,

since a sufficient supply of this material could easily be

obtained. No insect wax, with the exception of that of the

bee, had been submitted to investigation by chemists.

Mr. Hampson and Mr. Blandford continued the discussion.

Mr. Gahan exhibited drawings of the specimen of Dyscritina

longisetosa, which was shown by Mr. E. HE. Green at the last

Meeting of the Society, and pointed out that these drawings

confirmed the view which he then expressed as to its affinities.

Except as regards its caudal appendages the insect had, he

said, all the characters of an earwig. He regretted that no

drawing, showing the ventral surface, had yet been prepared

by Mr. Green. Mr. McLachlan, Dr. Sharp, and Mr. Green

made some remarks on the subject.

Mr. B. A. Bower exhibited specimens of Aryyresthia

( ix )

atmoriella, Bankes, taken in Kent, in June, 1894, a recent

addition to British Lepidoptera.

Mr. E. E. Green read notes on the habits of the Indian

ant, Gcophylla smaragdina, Fabry. He said he believed that

at some previous meeting of the Society, Mr. Ridley, of the

Singapore Museum, made some remarks on this ant and its

supposed habit of using its own larve as web-spinners in

the formation of its nest, but he had not been able to find

anything on the subject in the Proceedings. He stated that

he was now able to produce corroborative evidence from an

independent source. The facts were noted by his friend,

Mr. W. D. Holland, of Balangoda, Ceylon, a most careful

observer. Mr. Green exhibited the specimens referred to by

Mr. Holland, and pointed out that the larve were still tightly

grasped by the jaws of the ants, and he thought it probable

that other web-spinning ants utilized their larve in the same

way. He also read the following extracts from Mr. Holland’s

letters to him on the subject :—

‘“‘T send by this post a small bottle with ‘ red ants,’ and the

small grub they use to sew, or rather stick, the leaves to-

gether when making their nests. Their modus operandi is to

pull leaves together with their jaws, great numbers acting in

combination. When the leaves are in position they are sewn

together by the ants taking the grubs in their jaws and

passing them backwards and forwards from edge to edge of

the leaves to be sewn together. Where the grub touches the

leaf a thread is drawn out, adhering to the leaf much asa

spider attaches its thread. This process is repeated from edge

to edge until a felted waterproof kind of papery stuff is made,

somewhat resembling cigarette paper, by an innumerable num-

ber of threads glued or felted together. They also use these

grubs to spin webs when fortifying the tree in which they

live against the small ants with which they are continually

at war. Leaf stipules, dirt, small stones, etc., are brought by

the ‘red ants’ and inserted in the web spun with the aid of

the small grubs. On the tree I am watching now there is

nearly a complete circle round the trunk (a foot or more in

diameter). If you slightly part two leaves in a red ants’

nest, say a quarter of an inch, you will be able to see the

process of fastening together again, though it is more

difficult to see in this case, as the sewing is done from the

inside. I saw it done myself, but could not make out the

process to my satisfaction until I saw the ants fortifying trees,

which, being done in the open, made the matter plain. Until

then I could not make out what the ‘ white thing was in the

ants’ mouth.’”’

Papers, ete., read,

Mr. G. F. Scott-Elliot read a paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on

Flower-Haunting Diptera.” The author pointed out that

some of the higher types of Diptera appeared to prefer red

and blue flowers, and oftener visited the complicated types of

plants than the smaller Hymenoptera. He also alluded to

the effect of insect visitors in isolating particular individuals.

Prof. Meldola expressed himself much interested in the paper,

and stated that although he was aware, from the writings of

Hermann Miller and others, that Diptera played an im-

portant part in the fertilization of flowers, he was unaware

of the very great importance which these insects possessed

for the function of pollination until he heard Mr. Scott-

Elliot’s paper. He also called attention to the urgent need of

a manual of British Diptera. Mr. Roland Trimen mentioned

that in South Africa some species of Orchidacew were

fertilized by Diptera. Dr, Sharp said Prof. Plateau thought

that neither the colour nor form of the flower played

any part in attracting insects. Myr. McLachlan remarked

that the flowers of Scrophularia possessed a great attraction

for wasps. Lord Walsingham enquired whether any obser-

vation had been made as to the Diptera which visited

differently coloured flowers of the same species, such as

Petunias. Mr. Barrett, Mr. Green, and Mr, Scott-Elliot

continued the discussion.

Mr. Tutt read the following paper, by Prof. A. Radcliffe-

Grote, entitled ‘‘On the Nomenclature of the Geometride ’’:—

“In the Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 58, 1892, appeared an

extended paper by Mr. Edward Meyrick, on the classification

of the Geometride, The object of the present notice is to

offer comment on certain of the generic titles, without dis-

( xi)

cussing the systematic arrangement of the group therein

adopted. At the outset I may say it is a matter of regret

that Mr. Meyrick has not seen fit to give the name of the

typical species of each genus and the date of the generic

title. This would have made it easier for the nomenclator

to control the application of the terms, and might have

allowed me to extend the limit of this brief notice at the

present time.

‘* Geometra, Meyrick, l. c., 96. To this generic term Mr.

Meyrick cites Linné as authority, consequently papilionaria

must be assumed by him as type, since it is the only Linnéan

species included. But papilionaria became in 1806 (1811)

the type of Terpne, Hiibner, consequently the employment

of Geometra for this type is no longer admissible. The same

species is also made the type of Holothalassis, Hubner,

Verzeichniss, 285. I may say here, that in the Systema

Lep. Hildesiw, Aug. 15, 1895, I state my inability to give the

type of the Linnéan genus Geometra. Latreille, Gen. Crust.

Ins., 218, 1809, says: ‘ Linneus genus phalena in septem

sectiones distribuit:’ Attacus, Bombyx, Noctua, Geometra,

Tortriv, Pyralis, Tinea, Alucita. I have recently been able

to fix the type of Bombyx as mori, through Schrank, 1802,

who restricts the term to mori and versicolor, and again

through Ochsenheimer, 1810, who restricts the term still

further by making versicolor the type of Endromis, leaving

mori as the true type of Bombyx. I have also shown that the

type of Pyralis must be assumed as pinguinalis, again

through Schrank, 1802. But for the terms : Noctua, Geometra,

Tortriv, and Tinea, I can find, as yet, no type, and generic

terms without a type are useless in nomenclature, being

virtually nomina nuda until their types are ascertained.

‘¢ Plemyria, Meyrick, 1. c., 71. This is apparently the first

genus erected by Mr. Meyrick at the expense of Cidaria of

Lederer and Staudinger, as well as of Speyer, and conti-

nental writers. The generic title Cidaria is not only pre-

occupied, but it is later than a number of names proposed

for members of the Group by Hubner in the Verzeichniss,

1818 (1816—1827). Mr. Meyrick includes in his genus

Plemyria, the species hastata, L., and has thus apparently

(i-. <1")

overlooked the fact, that this species is the type of

Rheumaptera, Hiibner, 1806 (1811), and that this is the

earliest generic term applied to any member of the present

group. The initial fact, with which any study of this series

must commence, is expressed by thisname. Beyond Rheuma-

ptera for hastata, no generic title seems here to be quite

assured. Conceding Mr. Meyrick’s species to be correctly

associated, his genus, Plemyria, must give way to Rheumaptera,

with hastata as type. But there are further objections to

Plemyria. It is twice used in the Verzeichniss ; the second

time for fluviata (gemmata), for which species it not only falls

as a synonym, but the species itself is taken by Ochyria. The

first time it is used (p. 3827) by Hiibner for rubiginata,

Jluctuata, procellata, stragulata. Not one of these names

occurs in Mr. Meyrick’s list of species. Even if a specific

title there cited covers one of Hiibner’s original species of

Plemyria, the fact should have been mentioned, to avoid the

appearance of using a generic name for different species from

any of those for which it was originally proposed.

‘* Fustroma, Meyrick, l.c.,71. No mention is made by Mr.

Meyrick of the fact, apparent both from his diagnosis and the

list of species given by him, that this is equivalent to Lygris of

Lederer, 1852; the type of which is populata. For thisstructural

type the term Petrophora, Hiibner, 1806 (1811), is incorrectly

used by Dr. Packard, since the type of this name is maeniata.

Consequently Petrophora must be used instead of Ortholitha,

Hiibner, which falls as a synonym. ‘The trinomial use of

Petrophora, in the Sammlung, is not of authority, since our

nomenclature is binomial. And now as to Hustroma, It is

proposed in the Verzeichniss, 835, for sufumata, prunata,

silaceata, and reticulata. It contains thus two species in-

cluded by Lederer in his genus Lygris, and Mr. Meyrick’s

course virtually amounts to this, that he supplants Lygris,

with its type populata, by Fustroma, with the type reticu-

lata or prunata. The genus Lygris is proposed by Hiibner

on the same page, and immediately following, for pyropata

achatinata, populata, and pyraliata. The genus Lygris, of

Lederer, defined by the character of a hair pencil on the fore-

wings of the male primary beneath, contains as European

( xiii)

species: reticulata, prunata, pyropata, testata, populata, asso-

ciata. Thus Hibner’s genus Lygris is almost a clean one for

this type; as far as he knew the species, he left two in

HKustroma, while in Lygris he includes only one dissonant,

while similar looking, yellow winged form, which would

apparently fall into the section Cosmorhoe of Rhewmaptera,

were we to adopt Lederer’s classification, and name his

sections of Cidaria. Upon this ground Lederer’s action in

choosing Lyyris instead of Hustroma may be defended. But

in any event his action cancels the effect of the fact that

Eustroma precedes Lygris on the same page. From that time

the type of Hustroma must be sought in either swffumata or

silaceata, the remaining species after his restriction. Both

these and fluviata are referred by Mr. Meyrick to Hydriomene,

but this reference should clearly make Eustroma a synonym

of Hydriomene (teste Meyrick), and has no power to disturb

Lederer’s prior action as to Lygris. In these genera authors

are at variance as to their character and extent, but a struc-

tural type once precised by diagnosis, and with species covered

by the original application of the generic term should be

left as permanent. Another author may properly insist upon

suffumata or silaceata as distinct from Hydriomene, and restore

Eustroma for one of these, which became the true types of

Eustroma after Lederer’s course with regard to Lygris, and

the consequent removal of reticulata and prunata to that

genus. In this way we shall never gain ground in fixity, if

each succeeding author has the right to overturn the proper

work of his predecessor. Lederer gives us Lygris populata as

a second landmark in the Cidarian wilderness. In the

absence of any statement by Mr. Meyrick, showing that

Lederer’s prior action should not be followed, we may assume

that Lygris is the proper title for the genus, and that the type

is populata. It would seem, indeed, that Mr. Meyrick hag

here, as perhaps elsewhere, taken simply the oldest generic

name he found for any one of the species he would include

under his genus, without reference to its later use or restric-

tion. That this may sometimes be really the case appears

possible from Mr. Meyrick’s use of the following term.

‘« Hygrochroa, Meyrick, l. ¢., 118. Hiibner employs this

(> Sve)

term in the Verzeichniss, for syrinyaria and firmiana.

Unless these two are identical or congeneric, and from the

extent of my present knowledge I must assume neither to

be the case, the type of Hygrochroa became, in 1828, firmiana,

Cramer, through the action of Stephens in taking syrinyaria

as the type of Pericallia. Since Stephens’ term is pre-

occupied by MHiibner, Verzeichniss, 182, for Pericallia

matronula, I have labelled the material in the collection

Roemer Museum, Cyphosea syringaria, L. sp. I can attain

to no knowledge that Cramer’s species is the same as that

of Linné, which would justify Mr. Meyrick’s use of Hygro-

chroa, while all the authorities which I am now able to con-

sult, consider syringaria as peculiar and sud generis.

** Selenia, Meyrick, 7. c., 118. I had previously shown

that Hutrapela, Hubner, 1806 (1811), must be used for this

genus with the type lunaria.

. E'nnomos, Meyrick, J. c., 114. This term is correctly

employed by Mr. Meyrick, since Kugonia, Hiibner, com-

monly used for the species, is preoccupied in the Verzeichniss,

86,1818. Its use for a genus of Butterflies is sanctioned

by Mr. Scudder. The type of Hnnomos is alniaria, L. sp,

‘* Diastictis, Meyrick, /. c., 103. The type of this term is

artesiaria, The same term is subsequently used for argyralis

in the Verzeichniss, but its use in the Pyralide must of

course be abandoned. Mr. Meyrick, however, includes with

artesiaria the type of Cymatophora, Hibner, 1806 (1811).

Conceding the correctness of Mr. Meyrick’s grouping, then

this genus would have to be called Cymatophora with the

type roboraria. The species generally included under

Boarmia, Tr., appear to be divided between Diastictis and

Selidosema, by Mr. Meyrick. The American species formerly

classed under Boarmia have been separated by Dr. Packard

under Cymatophora, and the use of this term, at a later date,

in the Thyatiride has been properly abandoned. Again here

the use of Cymatophora as part of a trinomial term in the

Sammlung does not affect the question. Its type is roboraria,

but what American or European species agree with this type

it is not for the nomenclator to decide. All agreeing

with this type must be referred to Cymatophora, The

exceptional clauses in Mr. Meyrick’s diagnosis of Diastictis

Ci aye)

allow him to further include, in entire disagreement with

Continental authorities, the type melanaria. This species

is made the type of Rhyparia, Hubner, Verzeichniss, 805.

The term is there used by Hiibner for both grossulariata and

melanaria, and doubtless the correspondence in colour and

maculation induced their association. Since Rhyparia is pre-

occupied, ibid., 183, I have labelled the species in the Coll.

Roemer Museum as Hemipyrrha melanaria, L., sp.

‘“* Bupalus, Meyrick, l. c., 107. The type of Chleuastes,

Hiibner, 1806 (1811), is piniaria, and I know of no sufficient

reason why this term should not be used in place of Leach’s,

over which it appears to have decided priority.

“ Teucophthalmia, Meyrick, /. c., 91. For this genus the

term Cyclophora, Hubner, 1806 (1811), with the type pen-

dularia, should be employed.

“ Calothysanis, Meyrick, Ul. ¢., 91. For this genus the

term Hrastria, Hubner, 1806 (1811), with the term amata

(amataria) should be used. The employment of Frastria in

the Agrotide, being of subsequent date, should be abandoned.

‘A study of Mr. Meyrick’s paper is rendered a little diffi-

cult by the absence of index and of both generic and, in part, -

specific synonyms. ‘The omission of these details in a local

list of known species and genera would not be felt, but in a

new Classification becomes a hindrance to its comprehension.

The very interesting, but somewhat decidedly expressed,

remarks upon the origin and phylogeny of the different

groups, remain somewhat in the air, since their sufficient

support from metamorphological studies is wanting.”’

A discussion on the rules of nomenclature followed, in

which Lord Walsingham, Prof. Meldola, Mr. Hampson, and

Herr Jacoby took part.

March 4th, 1896.

Water F. H. Buanprorp, Hsq., M.A., F.Z.S., Vice-

President, in the Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks

voted to the respective donors.

(- xvil }}

Election of a Fellow.

Mr. P. Marshall, M.A., B.Sec., F.G.S., of Canterbury

College, Lincoln, New Zealand, was elected a Fellow of the

Society.

Exhibitions, etc.

Mr. Percy H. Grimshaw exhibited specimens of Cephenomyia

rufibarbis, Meigen, a new British Bot-fly parasitic on the

Red Deer. He said that the specimens were collected by

Mr, L. W. Hinxman, in Ross-shire, in June and July, 1894,

and in the Cairngorm Mountains, in 1895.

Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited, for Mr. Porritt, a black variety

of Polia flavicincta, taken at sugar in his garden at Hudders-

field; a variety of Cosmia trapezina with a blue-black central

band; and a variety of Mania typica, with pinkish-white

central markings, bred by Mr. Turnstall of Huddersfield.

Mr. A. H. Jones exhibited specimens of the following

butterflies captured at Coomassie by Major Henry P. North-

cott during the recent expedition, viz., Papilio zenobia,

Elymnias bammakoo, Limnas alcippus, Romaleosoma gausape

(var.), Catuna cenobita, Terias sengalensis, and Neptis nemetes.

Sir John T. D. Llewelyn, Bart., M.P., exhibited specimens

of a small species of Diptera which he believed to be parasitic

on Trochiliun sphegiforme as he had bred a number from that

species. He remarked that 7’. sphegiforme, although one of

the most local and rarest moths in this country, had occurred

last year on the estate of Sir James Hills-Johnes, K.C.B.,

at Dolau Cothy, Carmarthenshire, in such numbers in the

larval state as almost to destroy the whole of the alders

crowing there. Mr. G. H. Verrall said that the insects

belonged to a species of Phora, possibly Phora rufipes, which

fed on almost everything but were not considered to be

truly parasitic; they seemed blacker than typical specimens

of that species.

Mr. Hampson exhibited an exotic species of Locustide

which Lord Walsingham had found in his conservatory at

Merton Hall, Norfolk. He stated that Lord Walsingham

had not imported any exotic plants for some years.

( xvi)

Dr. Sharp exhibited specimens of the pupz of Micropteryx

(probably semipurpurella) and drawings to illustrate their

structure. The pupe were sent to him by Dr. Chapman,

who had described their peculiarities in the Transactions of

the Society in 1898. Dr. Sharp considered the pupa to be

that of a Trichopterous insect ; most of its structures were

those of Trichoptera, and the account given by Dr. Chapman

of its emergence showed that this was essentially the same as

that of Trichoptera. He remarked that the imago of this

division of Micropteryx had been already shown to approach

Trichoptera in several respects, and suggested that it should

be treated as a group of Trichoptera whose larve are not

aquatic in habits. If this course were not adopted he felt

clear that Trichoptera could not be maintained distinct as

an order from Lepidoptera. He remarked on the peculiar

projection from the head of the pupa of Micropteryx, and

suggested that it might be comparable with the head-vesicle

of the nymph, or primary pupa, of Lepidoptera. He also

called attention to the importance, for a classification of

Lepidoptera, of obtaining a full knowledge of the structure

and life-history of Eriocephala calthella. Myr. McLachlan said

that so long ago as 1865 he had suggested the close affinity

of Micropteryx to the Trichoptera ; the opinion then formed

had since been much strengthened, but he was not disposed

to admit co-ordinal relationship. Mr. Hampson, Mr. Barrett,

and Mr. Blandford also took part in the discussion which

ensued.

Mr. McLachlan exhibited a singular instance of monstrosity

in a Dragon-fly. The insect was a male of Heterina occisa,

Hag., from Venezuela. On the left side were three wings,

two mesothoracic and the other metathoracic; on the right

side only one wing, the metathoracic. The supplementary

wing on the left side was inserted almost immediately

beneath the ordinary wing; it was normal in form and

neuration, but the red pigment at the base (fully developed in

all the other wings) was not evident, the wing in this respect

being similar to those of highly immature examples of the

same species.

Mr, E. KE. Green exhibited a larva of an Homopterous

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., I1., 1896. B

(. mv +)

insect—one of the Cicadine—from Ceylon, having what

appeared to be a head at its caudal extremity. He pointed

out that the larva had caudal appendages which might be

mistaken for hairy antenne, and pigment spots resembling

eyes on the antepenultimate segment of the body. The

insect walked either backwards or forwards, and when first

seen looked like a beetle of some kind, the caudal extremity

representing the head.

Papers, etc., read.

Mons. Louis Péringuey contributed a paper entitled

‘** Descriptions of New Species of South African Coleoptera,

chiefly from Zambesia.”’

Dr. Sharp read a paper, by Professor Williston, entitled

** On the Diptera of St. Vincent, West Indies. Part I.”

March 1I8th, 1896.

Professor RapHarL Metpora, F.R.S., President, in the

Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks

voted to the respective donors.

Election of a Fellow.

Mr. T. A. Gerald Strickland, of Oakleigh, near Ascot,

Berkshire, was elected a Fellow of the Society.

Eahibitions, ete.

Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited a series of drawings of

varieties of British Lepidoptera in the collection of Mr. 8S. J.

Capper, of Huyton Park, Liverpool. The drawings, which

were beautifully executed, were by Mr. 8. L. Mosley of

Huddersfield, and comprised 889 figures, representing 139

species, of which 83 were butterflies and 50 moths. Herr

Jacoby enquired whether any record had been kept of the

localities in which these varieties had been caught, or of the

( (xix )

conditions under which they had been bred. Mr. Barrett in

reply stated that none of the varieties exhibited had been

obtained by breeding under artificial conditions for the pur-

poses of experiment, but they were natural varieties, possibly

due to the influence of the climate or soil, or to the latitude

of the localities where they were caught or bred. Mr. Porritt

added that Mr. Capper had made a special collection of the

Yorkshire forms of Arctia lubricipeda.,

Mr. J. J. Walker, R.N., exhibited a specimen of Procas

armillatus, taken on Durland Hill, near Chatham, during the

present month.

Herr Jacoby exhibited a specimen of Lowoprosopus ceram-

boides, Guér., from Brazil.

Mr. E. E. Green exhibited the eggs of some species of

Locustide extracted from the stem of a young Cinchona tree

at Punduloya, Ceylon. He said the species of the parent

insect was undetermined ; it was possibly either a Cymatomera

or a Cyrtophyllus, both of which possess large sabre-shaped

ovipositors, A slit half an inch deep and more than two inches

long had been cut into the hard wood, in which the eggs had

been symmetrically deposited, edge to edge, with the coloured

part inwards. The greater part of each egg was of fine

texture, and coloured green; but at the extremity from

which the young insect would make its exit the egg shell

was soft, pliant, and beautifully reticulated. The row of

flattened green eggs lying side by side resemble an acacia

leaf, but as they are concealed within the stem the resem-

blance was apparently without motive. It seemed curious

that as the eggs were embedded they should be brightly

coloured. Mr. Mclachlan and Dr. Sharp made some re-

marks on the subject.

Papers, etc., read.

Mr. Green read a short paper entitled “Notes on Dyscritina

longisetosa, Westw.” He remarked that drawings of the

species had been exhibited by him at a recent meeting of the

Society. Dr. Sharp said Mr. Green seemed to think that the

insect was an earwig, but he could not accept it as belonging

( xx)

to the Forficulide. He thought that further specimens for

examination were required before attempting to determine

its position, which was quite doubtful at present.

Mr. W. F. H. Blandford communicated a paper entitled

‘* Descriptions of New Scolytide from the Oriental and

Austro-Malayan Regions.”

April Ist, 1896.

Professor RapHari Menpora, F.R.S., President, in the

Chair.

- Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks

voted to the respective donors.

Hlection of Fellows.

Mr. Luke Bishop, F.R.G.S., of 8, Tokenhouse Buildings,

E.C.; and Mr. Robert Nesham, of Utrecht House, Clapham

Park, 8.W., were elected Fellows of the Society.

Eahibitions, ete,

Mr. Champion exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Blatch, speci-

mens of (Quedius riparius, Kellner, captured in February last

on the banks of running streams at Porlock, Somerset. He

remarked that the insect was an interesting and unexpected

addition to the British list, and the second recent novelty

from the west country, the other being Ochthebius lejolisi,

Muls. and Rey, found at Ilfracombe in June last by

Mr. Bennett. It would seem to indicate that further

additions to our list of Coleoptera might be expected from

the country south of the Bristol Channel. He added that

Mr. Waterhouse had informed him that he had seen speci-

mens of the Quedius from Wales and Scotland. Mr. Water-

house said that Mr. Chitty and Mr. Beevor had shown him

specimens of Quedius riparius recently collected by them.

Mr. Champion also exhibited a small collection of

Coleoptera made by Mr. O. V. Aplin in Southern Tunis

during various expeditions inland from Gabes. The collec-

tion included some interesting Tenebrionide of the genera

Pimelia and Adesmia. My. Aplin noticed specimens of these

C xxie) )

insects impaled by shrikes. Dr. Sharp, Mr. R. Trimen, and

Mr. McLachlan made some remarks on the subject of the

impalement of insects by birds.

Mr. Goss exhibited, for Mr. Cameron, an apterous male of

Mutilla contracta taken by Mr. Rothney in Barrackpore,

India. The specimen was stated to be the first recorded

instance in this species of a wingless male, and was also

abnormal in having the thorax incised laterally.

Dr. Sharp called attention to the fact that at a recent

meeting of the Society (March 20th, 1895, see Proc., 1895,

p. X.) a specimen of a supposed dimorphic form of one of the

species of Dytiscus was examined, and Prof. Stewart enquired

whether any anatomical examination had been made of the

sexual organs. Dr. Sharp said that in the Comptes Rendus

Soc. Bordeaux, 1894, there was an account of the examination

of the sexual organs of the supposed second form of D. mar-

ginalis by Mons. Peytoureau, who came to the conclusion

that it was really a distinct species, which he called D. herbeti.

Dr. Sharp suggested that there must be some doubt as to

M. Peytoureau’s conclusion as there was a series of these

double forms in connection with this genus, and it would be

a very extraordinary fact if in one case the second form

should be a distinct species, while in other species of the

same genus the form corresponding to it should be only a

variety. Mr. Champion and Mr. Tutt made some remarks

on the subject.

Prof. Poulton exhibited examples of the type labels now in

use in the Hope Collection at Oxford, and illustrated their

employment by projecting on the screen, by the lantern, a

photograph of the Westwood types of African Husemia

described in F. Oates’ ‘‘ Matabele Land” (Lond., 1881). He

said that such labels, having been once set up in type, could

be reproduced in electrotype very cheaply and efficiently.

Black ink was considered better than red on account of its

greater permanence. Mr. Verrall said he was of opinion that

no species should be described from a single type, but from

many specimens, and he wished every so-called ‘‘ type’’ could

be destroyed as soon as a species had been described from

-it. He knew of cases in which a ‘species’? had been

( xxir, ))

described from a. single female specimen in bad condition.

Mr. Blandford explained the system of labelling types in the

Brussels Museum. Dr. Sharp, Prof. Meldola, Mr. McLachlan,

and Prof. Poulton continued the discussion.

Mr. Blandford exhibited a series of lantern slides showing

the uses to which photography could be put in entomological

illustration. The photographs shown included various

Saturntidea, Vanesside, species of Mamestra, Tipula, Ophion,

Carabus, Tucanus, Sitones, ete., as well as one or two

examples of insect-injury, and a view in Windsor Park

showing oaks defoliated by Vortrix viridana. Mr. Blandford

said that the photographs were taken without any consider-

able practice in photography; that good and _ well-set

specimens were desirable for reproduction ; the colour-values

had to be arrived at by the careful use of orthochromatic

methods, and a large lens of good focal length should be

used. Careful attention had to be paid to the lighting of the

objects, a point in which entomological experience was of

great value. The shadows cast by the insects were ob-

jectionable and could not satisfactorily be ‘‘ blocked out.”

He said that they could, however, be done away with by a

method used for some time by himself, and recently described

in an American journal, ‘The insects were pinned on to

small blocks of cork stuck on a sheet of ground glass,

which was illuminated from behind by white or grey paper.

Some experiments, which unfortunately had to be

abandoned, with a specially constructed lens, showed that

it might be possible to obtain satisfactory photographs of

such small insects as Sitones or Apion with an amplification

of two to five diameters. Prints could be made from the

negatives by photo-mechanical methods, but a large number

of the illustrations that have been thus published were of no

value owing to the inferiority of the process adopted.

Owing to the expense, and still more, the difficulty of

obtaining good illustrations of insects, photography deserved

more attention than it had yet received.

Prof. Meldola expressed surprise that photography had

hitherto been so little employed in the illustration of works

on Entomology.

(eS: e)

Papers, etc., read,

Prof. Poulton read a paper entitled ‘* On the Courtship of

certain European Acridiide.” The author said that these

observations upon the courtship of Swiss Acridiide were

made in the exceedingly favourable weather at the end of

August and beginning of September last year; and that he

was much indebted to Mr. F. Jenkinson, of Cambridge, and

Mr. F. V. Dickins for many independent observations and

valuable confirmation. The observations were almost all

‘made in the neighbourhood of the Weisshorn Hotel, high

above Vissoye, in the Val d’Anniviers. Prof. Poulton stated

that Dr. Sharp had been kind enough to name the species

referred to in the paper. The sombre brown male of

Pezotettix pedestris did not stridulate audibly and assumed no

remarkable attitudes, but lay in wait for the female and leaped

upon her unawares. The female almost invariably tried to

escape from the male, but if he succeeded in holding her for

a short time she submitted, and pairing took place. Before

pairing the male was seen to nibble the female gently with his

mandibles, and during the whole time that he was holding the

female, both before and during pairing, the male continually

moved his third legs up and down alternately. It was

suggested that this movement may be a vestige of true

stridulation, and that it may still perhaps be of value in

influencing the female in some way. It was frequently

observed that the females, although carrying males, and

in some cases pairing, were extremely indifferent, hopping

about, eating freely, and defecating, By keeping very

still it was possible to observe this and other species within

a distance of six or eight inches without disturbing them,

In strong contrast to Pezotettiv was the behaviour of

Gonphocerus sibiricus var. The males of this species courted

‘the females with much ceremony, raising themselves in a

very remarkable attitude, stretching out their four palpi,

stridulating, and in some cases patting or stroking the female

with their legs or perhaps antenne. In spite of this a success-

ful termination to courtship was never seen, although the

males were continually pursuing the females. Although both

(xxix)

sexes hopped freely when disturbed, the males invariably

ran after the females, and the latter only tried to escape

by running. In the case of Stethophyma fuscum the rivalry in

stridulation between the males was very apparent. Two

males were found fighting, and even then stridulation was

part of the contest, and always seemed to produce a very

irritating effect on the antagonist. In another case a

male was seen attempting to pair with a female which

was already paired, and in this case too stridulation played

an important part in the advances made by the former.

Stridulation was the chief or perhaps the only method of

courtship in two species of Stenobothrus, In Psophus stridulus

a rattling sound was made by the males during flight (pro-

bably by the wings), but they also made a curious kind of

twitter with their legs when in the presence of the females,

Prof. Poulton said that some slight observations upon Cidipoda

(probably (i. cwrulescens) were made at Fribourg, but far more

investigation was needed before it is possible to come to a

conelusion as to the habits of this species during courtship.

The habits recorded in the paper were greatly influenced by

temperature, and it was found that certain phases of court-

ship could be most satisfactorily studied when the insects

were first roused into activity by the morning sun. Prof.

Poulton further stated that it was probable that the pairing

time was nearly over in the case of some of the species under

observation, and this would explain the great difference

between Pezotettix and Gomphocerus in this respect. The

localities where the observations were chiefly made, and the

appearance of the three first named species, were illustrated

by lantern slides projected upon the screen.

Prof. Meldola expressed great interest in the paper, and

said that the observation of the habits of insects in the

field seemed to be much neglected by many Entomologists.

Dr. Sharp remarked that there was a greater variety in

‘the organs capable of producing sound in the Orthoptera

than was generally supposed.

Mr. G. F’. Hampson read a paper entitled ‘‘ On the Classifi-

cation of Three Subfamilies of Moths of the Family Pyralide ;

the Mpipaschtine, Endotrichine, and Pyraline.”

Chexy's)

May 6th, 1896.

Professor Rapnarnt Menpona, F.R.S., President, in the

Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced and thanks

voted to the respective donors.

Election of a Fellow,

Mr. Percy Evans Freke, of Step House, Borris, County

Carlow, Lreland, was elected a Fellow of the Society.

Exhibitions, ete.

Mr. Champion exhibited specimens of Amara famelica,

Zimm., from Woking, Surrey, a recent addition to the

British list. He also exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Dolby-

Tyler, a series of Hburia quadrinotata, Latr., from Guayaquil,

Keuador, showing variation in the number of the raised

ivory-white lines on the elytra, there being sometimes an

additional mark exterior to the short basal line and sometimes

an additional one on the inner side of the second line.

Mr. Gahan said he did not notice anything remarkable in the

species except in the arrangement of the spots.

Mr. Horace Donisthorpe exhibited a specimen of Ptero-

stichus gracilis with three tarsi on one leg, taken near

Weymouth last April.

Mr. G. T. Porritt exhibited a series of Arctia menthrastri

which he had just bred from Morayshire ova; the ground-

colour of the specimens varied from the usual white, through

shades of yellow, to smoky-brown.

Mr. Merrifield exhibited specimens of Gonepteryx rhamni

bred from larve found in North Italy and Germany, the

pupe of which had been subjected to various temperatures.

He said the general effect of high temperatures, up to 98° F.,

and of low ones down to 88° F. for twenty days, both of

which exposures were well endured and might doubtless with

this species be exceeded, was not considerable: the high

temperatures appeared to cause an increase of yellow scales in

PROC. ENT, SOC. LOND., U1, 1896. c

(- xxv 2)

the female, but he was not yet sure of this; in one exceptional

case there was so much yellow as to make it in appearance

almost intermediate between the two sexes. Low tempera-

tures in general reduced the size of the orange discal spot

on the forewings of both sexes, so that in a few it was scarcely

visible; in this respect there was a resemblance to the var. fari-

nosa from Kastern Europe, Armenia, and Syria, and the var.

nepalensis from North-West India, and it would be interesting

to learn whether these came from the plains or the moun-

tains. He also exhibited some species of Vanessa, the result of

experiments tried with a view to ascertain the extreme high

temperature that the pupze would bear, and its results. For the

benefit of other experimenters Mr. Merrifield said he might

mention that he had strong reason to believe that the greatest

results were obtained by a very high temperature—95° to

102° F. for different species—for from 12 to 24 hours imme-

diately after the pups had become hard or nearly so, gradually

lowered afterwards, but still kept high—say 85° F. or more—

till near emergence. Mr. Merrifield further exhibited some of

these high temperature results. In Vanessa atalanta the breadth

and brightness of the scarlet bands on all the wings would be

observed, and the appearance of scarlet patches and clouds

on parts ordinarily black; the scarlet patch close to and

above the projecting shoulder in the middle of the scarlet band

on the forewings and between it and the costa, he had not seen

before described; another unexpected result and not, he

thought, before noted, was the appearance of a long dash of

grey-blue scales near the inner margin of the forewing, and

on the inner side of the scarlet band. Some low temperature

~ examples were added for comparison. In the high temperature

Vanessa urtice exhibited, the three well-known isolated spots on

the forewings had in some almost disappeared, the blue was

much diminished, and the outer border of the forewings was

very much narrowed, especially tapering, almost to a point, at

the anal angle ; the outer edge of this border was very much

lighter in colour, and the outer edge of the forewing appeared

to be much less angulated than in normal specimens. In

this species also, some low temperature forms were shown

for comparison, and two of the Corsican V. urtiew var.

—

(say)

ichnusa. Mr. Merrifield said that his high temperature

examples resembled this local variety in some respects,

such as the increase in area of the red colouring and its

tendency to brick red, and the disappearance or great reduc-

tion of the three dark spots, but in the temperature speci-

mens this effect extended to the third spot, the one on the

costa, which was not the case in var. ichnusa; on the other

hand, the cooled specimens closely resembled the var. polaris.

Mr. Merrifield exhibited also some cooled V. antiopa, and a

normal specimen for comparison; with this species he had

not obtained results equal to those obtained and figured by

Dr. Standfuss, but the comparative darkening of the border and

great increase in the size of the blue spots would be noticed.

It was very gratifying to find that the effects of pupal tempera-

ture on the imago, and their causes, were now being made the

subject of systematic research, not only by Professor Weis-

mann, but by several other highly qualified observers, Dr. Stand-

fuss, Mr. KE. Fischer, and others, and it might be hoped that

they would be prosecuted and extended. He expected at a

future time to offer some observations on the general results

obtained. In the meantime it might be noted that what may be

termed the direct effect of temperature in some cases might be

taken as proved; also that, though, as a rule, the summer

pup appeared to respond much the more readily to varying

temperature, yet, in many species, among the Heterocera at all

events, the colouring and markings were much affected by

temperature applied in early spring to the winter pupe.

Mr. Elwes asked if these experiments had been made

on pup only or on the larve as well. Mr. Merrifield said

that the results were only noticeable when the experiments

were made on pupe. The effect of them on larvae was not

apparent.

Mr. Kirkaldy exhibited ova of Notonecta glauca var.

urcata, and read the following note :—

“In the Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1875, p. 204, Régimbart

briefly describes the oviposition of Notonecta glauca. He notes

that in the stem of a rush or other allied aquatic plant, a

separate incision is made for each ovum, which is inserted

two-thirds of its length, the cephalic extremity protruding.

(( Soxvill 9)

The specimens before you—owing probably to the absence of

rushes (Juncus) in the vessel, although Anacharis, which one

would have thought suitable, was in abundance—are entirely

external, affixed basally to the stalk by a glutinous substance

as in the allied Cortvida. That this basal-fixation is not

usual is evident from the fact that the ova are but feebly

adherent, dropping off upon a slight disturbance, whereas the

ova of the Corividw are attached exceedingly firmly.”

Mr. Tutt exhibited living larve of Apamea ophioyramma

together with the grass on which it was feeding. He said

the species was formerly considered rare in Britain, but was

now found freely in any localities where Ribbon grass

(Digraphis arundinacea) was plentiful. He enquired if the

grass on which the larve were feeding was identical with the

last named species. Professor Meldola said that perhaps

Professor Marshall Ward (who was present) would look at

the plant. Mr. Goss observed that the moth was common

on the banks and on the islands of the Thames, between

Kingston and Twickenham, and probably everywhere in the

neighbourhood where Ribbon grass was abundant. Mr.

McLachlan said the species was common about the Wandle

some twenty-five years ago, and the President stated that he

had taken it at Twickenham and Woodford, two widely

divergent localities.

The Secretary read the following note from Mr.

Meyrick :—

“In the report of the meeting held on Feb. 19th (Pro-

ceedings of the Society, 1896, pp. x-xv), is a short paper by

Prof. A. Radcliffe-Grote, criticising my use of some generic

terms in the group of Lepidoptera which he calls the Geome-

trida. Iwas not present to hear this read, or I would have

pointed out at the time that his criticisms all fall to the

eround, because he has failed to recognize that I intentionally

reject all the generic names of Hiibner’s ‘ Tentamen,’ which

he seems to suppose I have overlooked. I reject them because

they are unaccompanied by any diagnosis, and in this I am

supported by the great majority of zoologists. I think there

are other good reasons for their rejection, but am content to

rely on this, and shall continue to do so until a majority of

——

ee es oe ee

a eo. 6 OR > ie ee eee

—— =

@ sexi)

zoologists decides in a contrary sense. It is sometimes stated

that the generic names of the ‘ Verzeichniss’ are unaccom-

panied by diagnoses, but this is not so; the characters used

are, it is true, often based on markings only, but they are

really diagnostic, and, in fact, more scientific than those of

many later writers who have pretended to draw up structural

definitions, which, after all, defined nothing. It must be

remembered that the ‘ Verzeichniss’ is analytical, the generic

definitions consisting, in fact, not only of the characters

immediately prefixed tc the genera, but also of the others,

defining each of the uumerous divisions and subdivisions.

under whose heading the genus falls. ‘I refrain, then,

from pointing out t | inconsistencies and errors in Prof.

Radcliffe-Grote’s crit sms, because I reject the main assump-

tion on which the cri ismsare based. He must convince me

that these names of loubtful value, doubtful date, doubtful

publication, but unc ibtedly undefined, are good, before I

need discuss the app.ication of them.”

Prof. Meldola sited that there were two papers to be

read, but that the T’ asurer had given notice of a subject

for discussion, and’ ° would ask him to introduce his subject

first. It was “A cussion as to the best means of pre-

venting the extin: « | of certain British Butterflies.”

Mr. McLachlan saic that so long ago as 18938 he chose the

subject of the decadence of British butterflies as a subject for

a Presidential Address to the West Kent Natural History

Society. The remavks he then made were published in

the ‘‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine’”’ (June, 1893), in a

somewhat abridged form, and he thought a good many pre-

sent would remember the fact. He took it for granted that

British butterflies were on the downward scale. It was

certain that in the neighbourhood of London many butterflies,

common about the year he was born, or earlier, had become

extinct. Within the last fifty years, he thought three of our

British butterflies—Chrysophanus dispar, Lycena acis, and

Aporia crategi, had almost, if not entirely, disappeared. The

species, being weakened by some circumstances or other, were

unable to } xld up against a bad season or a series of bad.

seasons, anu so disappeared. ‘There were suspicions gener-

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., 11., 1896. D

(xx: 2)

ally entertained that the action of collectors had had a good

deal to do with such disappearances. That might or might

not be. Then there were certain butterflies that were

vetting, year by year, more restricted in their range. One of

these was Melitea cinvia. He thought it had disappeared

from its favourite places in the Undercliff of the Isle of

Wight, and that if it existed at all, it was only in some

of the woods more in the centre of the island. Whether

it existed on the mainland of the South of England, he

did not know, but he thought it didnot. Mr. McLachlan then

referred to the case of Lycwna arion, which was, he said,

formerly common in the West of England, from Dorsetshire

to Devonshire, but was becoming rarer year by year. In

some localities the firing of the herbage had been a primary

cause of its disappearance. In others, he was inclined to

think that over-collecting had had a good deal to do with

its disappearance, and this opinion was supported by the

fact that where collecting had stopped, the insect was

again becoming more common. It was discovered, about

ten years ago, in Cornwall, and still existed there in

considerable numbers, although he heard it was becoming

rarer. One of the objects he had in bringing the matter

forward was to see whether some plan could not be devised

to protect local insects in their particular localities. He

was not one of those who believed in the absolute power

of man to exterminate species. But he did believe that in the

case of a local butterfly, five or six energetic collectors could

capture nearly every specimen on the wing on a particular

day. He thought some plan should be devised for checking

over-collecting. Papilio machaon flourished in one or two of

the fens in the Eastern Counties, year by year, notwith-

standing the ravages made on it. Had it the same habits

here that it had on the Continent, it would have gone years

ago; but in this country its larve apparently fed on a plant

that only grew in these fens. But it was hard pushed, and

only required a bad season or two to extinguish it alto-

gether. He should hope to hear some remarks as to pro-

tecting the two species he had especially mentioned, viz. :

M. cinvia and Lycena arion. His idea was that one of the

(eae 1)

best plans would be the formation of a Committee of the

Society (not composed necessarily of members of the Council),

to consider the whole subject.

Prof. Meldola said he quite sympathised with the remarks

of the Treasurer, and if he spoke then he must beg the

Fellows to excuse his interference at that point, because he

would probably soon have to leave the Chair in the posses-

sion of a Vice-President of the Society. It did seem to

him very desirable that some steps should be taken, even

although, as Mr. McLachlan said, there might be some doubt

as to man’s agency in the matter of extinguishing a lingering

species. But if there was any doubt let the butterflies have

the benefit of it, and let steps be taken to check the depre-

dations of the avaricious collector, and, worse still, the

dealers. As an abstract principle it was very well to make a

general statement of that kind; the difficulty would come in

reducing it to practice. He thought the Treasurer’s sugges

tion that a Committee should be formed was at any rate a step

in the right direction. He did not see how they were to go

to work, but it had occurred to him that in a case of this kind,

representations might be made to the local Societies with

a view to approaching the landowner on whose property

the rare species occurred, and asking him to take it under

his care. He thought most landowners would see the

importance of doing so. For insects the Society could

not appeal to popular sentiment. The birds had the benefit

of an Act of Parliament, but the Society could not appeal to

the public for the preservation of butterflies. He thought

some strong resolution passed by the Society, possibly in con-

junction with kindred Societies, might produce some effect.

The botanists were in an equal plight ; they dared not reveal

localities for fear of the extermination of species. He

thought representations might be made to schoolmasters with

the object of inculcating a little mercy into schoolboy

collectors. The mere sight of butterflies at large was a

pleasure of which we ought not to be deprived because certain

persons desire to have long rows of them on pins. He was

happy to believe that the practice of making pictures out of

butterflies’ wingshad died out.

(pesca, *))

Mr. Goss stated that he could confirm what Mr. McLachlan

said as to the disappearance of Melitea cinvia from many of its

old localities in the Isle of Wight. In 1873 he found it in

a cove at St. Lawrence, four miles west from Ventnor. A

few years afterwards it had entirely disappeared from that

locality, but was abundant at Mirables, some two miles

further west, both in 1878 and 1882. Last year, in the old

localities, he could not find a single specimen, but some

miles further west they were plentiful. A great part of the

ground over which they occurred in the new localities was

almost inaccessible, and that possibly accounted for their

preservation. Mr. Goss also said that in 1887 he explored the

Norfolk Broads in a boat, for a range of from fifteen to twenty

miles, landing on several fens, and found Papilio machaon

extending over the whole district. He observed that in Cam-

bridgeshire he was afraid it might in time disappear from its

chief locality, Wicken Fen, but that it would linger on in some

of the smaller fens—such as Chippenham, where the larvee had

been found on Angelica sylvestris. In Soham, near Wicken Fen,

the children were paid by dealers to collect the pupe, but only

certain parts of the fen were accessible, the three years’ growth

being impenetrable. As to Lycena arion, he said that, in 1866,

when he was staying at Oundle, in Northamptonshire, for

the purpose of collecting Thecla pruni, he was told by the

Rev. W. Wall, formerly Rector of Thurning, Hunts (whose

Rectory adjoimed Barnwell Wold) that he had not seen L. arion

since the wet summer of 1860. It seemed to have gone

rather suddenly, and its disappearance did not appear due

to collecting alone. My. Goss said that in 1876 he went

down to Gloucester in June, and was taken by a correspon-

dent to a spot eight miles distant, in the hill country, where

L. arion was very plentiful. In the following year he visited

the neighbourhood again, and found the range of the species

was more extensive than was supposed, extending in scattered

localities for about fifteen miles. He visited the locality again

in the middle of June, 1888, a cold, wet, and late summer,

but could find no specimens, and thought arion was extinct.

It occurred again freely in 1888, after the grand summer of

1887. He also saw specimens in the same localities in 1890.

Last year a friend of his went to the Cotswolds, on his recom-

Cy xxx) )

mendation, and had very fair success with the species over an

extensive range of country. In South Devon, where L. arion

was formerly abundant, its extinction was apparently caused

by the burning of the herbage. As to the Cotswolds the

specimens there were, as a rule, smaller than those from

Devonshire or Cornwall, and were less brightly coloured.

Some persons thought the species was dying out, but he did

not think there was much chance of L. arion being entirely

extirpated, in consequence of its wide range in the extreme

south-west. <Aporia crategi had disappeared about 1882, but

he did not think that such disappearance could be ascribed to

over-collecting. It was locally abundant in the New Forest

in 1866, 1868, 1869, and: 1870, and had an extensive range

in Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire, but disappeared

suddenly about 1882 or 1883.

Mr. Elwes said the question seemed to him to divide itself into

two parts: (1) The causes of the increasing scarcity and partial

disappearance of our butterflies, and (2) The means of pre-

vention. As to (1) he was perfectly ready to admit that greedy

collectors might cause scarcity, which, followed by inclement

and bad seasons, might lead to the total disappearance of a

species, but he believed that climate, and a succession of bad

seasons, had infinitely more effect than the efforts of all the

collectors put together. We had not had a good farmer’s

year since 1874. With regard to the question of L. arion

he happened to live in a district where it was extensively found.

He had seen it in three or four places on his own property

not less than ten or twelve miles from the place where it used

to be most looked for; but, on the other hand, in two or three

places where the species used to abound he could now find

none. He was firmly convinced that if the butterfly had

adapted itself to the climate and vegetation of the neighbour-

hood, its existence in these spots would soon have been followed

by its increase ; and the fact that it had not increased in places

where he knew it occurred formerly was the best possible proof

that something was wanting either in the climate or the vege-

tation. Nearly all the butterflies mentioned were very com-

mon, and not at all local, on the Continent. You found them

everywhere there in places absolutely the most unlikely, under

() Sxxxy; 9)

very different conditions, both of soil and climate, and in

places, too, where the plants we considered necessary to

them did not exist. He thought that was an additional

proof that their disappearance was more or less a question of

climate. When we came to the second head, how collectors

were to be stopped, he did not think much could be done.

Powers had been given to the County Councils to list certain

birds during the breeding season, and prosecutions had been

enforced for taking the nests of those birds. Only the other

day, through the exertions of the Eastern Counties’ Natural

History Society, the foreshores all over the Hast Coast were

declared prohibited grounds. He had given orders on his own

land to the same effect, but with four hundred dredgers work-

ing there it was impossible to carry the orders out. He knew

a gentleman who appointed an inspector to guard and watch

in his district, and he succeeded for a little while. It was just

the same with the Osprey in Scotland. As to stopping the

schoolboy by a remonstrance to his master, he had not much

faith in it. He believed two or three favourable seasous would

do more to increase the numbers of a species than all the

efforts of collectors did to decrease its numbers.

Mr. Crowley observed that in hisown district he re-

membered, some forty years ago, Vanessa polychloros breeding

in elm trees; but he had not seen it lately. V. urticw and

V. to were also much commoner formerly. He had not

seen Aporia crategi for thirty years. Melitwa artemis used

to occur in one meadow near Alton, Hants. He used to find

it freely twenty-five years ago, but he never found it now.

Mr. Goss said M. artemis was, to his knowledge, still

abundant in some parts of Hampshire, Gloucestershire and

Cumberland.

Mr. McLachlan observed that with regard to Mr. Elwes’s

remarks, he would point out that in a paper read by him

some three or four years ago, he touched on all the points he

raised. He quite agreed with him as to natural causes

playing the greater part, but he thought that over-collecting

might be ‘‘ the last straw.”

Mr. Tutt stated that Apatura tris used to be common at

Chattenden, Kent, but it was now positively extinct. He had

(xxv)

seen ten collectors (including two dealers) standing in a straight

line in its restricted haunts, and the poor butterfly had cer-

tainly been over-collected. He thought one particular man

practically extirpated Melitwa athalia at Chattenden. He

remembered that a collector admitted taking 60 specimens

of Lycena arion in a year at Barnwell Wold, 50 the next

year, and so on. The whole question was one for local

Societies. If it was known that a species was being extermin-

ated in a particular district the local Society could be asked to

take some action in the matter. He thought the idea of mak-

ing laws was absurd. The local Societies might easily take

the subject in hand; but he did not think a resolution of any

Society would have much effect on the greedy collector.

Walter F.H. Blandford, Esq., M.A.,F.Z.8., Vice-President,

then took the chair.

My. Blandford said he thought if the Society itself appointed

a Committee, and the terms of the reference were as open as

possible, that would meet the views of all.

Mr. Waterhouse expressed an opinion that the Meeting had

no power under the Bye-Laws to appoint a Committee, but he

considered that they should request the President to lay the

matter before the Council, and ask them to appoint a

Committee as soon as possible to investigate the matter.

Mr. McLachlan said he thought that was what was in-

tended. He hoped some report of this discussion would get

into the papers, and shame some of the would-be despoilers.

Would it not be desirable to co-operate with other Societies

for the preservation of plants ?

Mr. Elwes said he thought that would probably be done.

The Council could communicate with the Selborne Society

and others of a like kind. He would move that a Committee

be appointed with power to add to its numbers if thought

necessary.

Mr. Blandford said that that was in the mind of the Council.

Mr. Goss asked Colonel Irby if he would state how and

when Lycena arion disappeared in Northamptonshire.

Colonel Irby stated that L. arion had disappeared many years

ago not only from Barnwell Wold, Northamptonshire, but from

another part of the county on the estate of Lord Lilford, not

(Gesoqnt 9)

accessible to the public, and that its disappearance there was

no doubt caused by the destruction of the food-plant and other

herbage by burning the pasture, and by the grazing of

sheep.

Mr. Tutt moved, and Mr. Elwes seconded, a resolution to

the effect: ‘‘That the Council be requested to appoint a

Committee (not necessarily restricted to Members of the

Council or of the Society) to investigate the matter.”” The

resolution was carried unanimously.

Papers read.

Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall communicated a paper entitled

** Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism in South African Rhopa-

locera.”’

Mr. P. Cameron communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Descrip-

tions of new species of Hymenoptera from the Oriental

Region.”

June 4, I896.

Dr. Davin Suarp, M.A., F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks

voted to the respective donors.

Exhibitions, ete.

Mr. Gervase F. Mathew exhibited the new species of

Leucania, L. jflavicolor, recently described by Mr. Barrett

(Ent. Monthly Mag., 2nd series, vol. vii., p. 99), and also the

varieties of L. pallens noticed by Mr. Barrett in the same

article (J. c., p. 100). He also exhibited a remarkable variety

of Mamestra abjecta, which bore a close resemblance to

Apamea gemina var. remissa and to Hadena geniste, and a

bred specimen of Hupithecia castigata (?), with nearly the

whole surface of the wings (the margins excepted) denuded

of scales.

Mr. Elwes exhibited a collection of butterflies taken in the

( xxxvi )

neighbourhood of Gibraltar during last April, and said that

he had found the district very unproductive, owing to the

great drought. Mr. J. J. Walker remarked that Mr. Elwes

had been very unfortunate, as during three spring seasons —

his experience had been very different; at the same time it

seemed to be agreed that Spain, as a whole, was not so rich in

Lepidoptera as in other orders of insects.

Dr. Sharp exhibited on behalf of Mr. Hampson specimens

of the female of Oiketicus crameri, recently sent by Mr.

Dudgeon from Sikhim. ‘The females in this species are so

maggot-like that it is difficult to recognize them as perfect

moths. ‘There were also two pupa shells, one of which was

used as a receptacle for eggs, and in the other eggs had

hatched, so that it had the appearance of a pupa filled with

young larve.

Mr. R. W. Lloyd exhibited a specimen of Athous hemor-

rhoidalis, from Savernake Forest, Wilts., with a curious mal-

formation of the right antenna,

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited several branches of oaks from

the New Forest entirely denuded of foliage, and stated that

throughout large tracts of the Forest the oaks had been

stripped of their leaves in the same fashion by Lepido-

pterous larve, especially Cheimatobia brumata, Hybernia

defoliaria, and Tortrix viridana. Certain trees, however,

though situated among the denuded trees, had quite

escaped. Dr. Sharp suggested that they belonged to a

different species; but Mr. Waterhouse said that he had

carefully examined them, and that this was not the

ease. Mr. Mclachlan said that the immunity of the

trees referred to was probably due to irregularity in coming

into leaf. The discussion was continued by Mr. Elwes,

Mr. Champion, Mr. Blandford, Mr. Jacoby, and others.

Mr. Tutt exhibited living pup of Mnodia hyperanthus and

E’pinephele ianira, and pointed out how different the pupe of

these two species were in general appearance, structure, and

cremastral attachment from each other. He pointed out

that these two species had for a long time been erroneously

placed in the same genus, but that, in all stages, they were

widely separated, and that not only should they be placed in

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., Iv., 1896. E

(xxvii), )

different genera, but that they appeared to belong to different

tribes—Fnodia hyperanthus being in the Canonymphidi and

Epinephele ianira in the Epinephelidi (vide Entom. Record,

vii., p. 801). Healso exhibited living pupe of Thecla pruni

which had been sent to him by Mr. H. Mousley. He called

attention to the great resemblance that the pupa bore, in its

dorsal aspect, to a birddropping. Blackin ground colour, the

two whitish prothoracic patches and the similarly coloured

metathoracic patch which extend transversely across the

constricted waist, give it a resemblance that cannot be mis-

understood.

Mr. Blandford exhibited living specimens of Callidiwn

rariabile, L., bred from the bark of beech timber from

Blenheim Park.

Mr. A. J. Chitty exhibited two specimens of Osphya bi-

punctata, F., which he had taken at Chattenden Roughs, and

two species of Psylliodes cyanoptera, Ill., from Wicken.

Canon Fowler exhibited specimens of Xyletinus ater, Panz ,

taken by Dr. Chapman in Herefordshire ; this was the first

time this beetle had been recorded from this or the neigh-

bouring counties.

Mr. Blandford exhibited and described series of Tropical

American butterflies from the Godman-Salvin collection,

arranged to slow the existence and geographical distribution

of homceochromatic groups.

Mr. Elwes characterised the exhibition as the most

interesting that had been before the Society for many

years, and hoped that the series would not be broken up,

as was intended, until an opportunity had been found for

full discussion of the various questions raised. The

latter point was also urged by Dr. Sharp and Colonel

Swinhoe, and at the conclusion of the meeting Mr. Bland-

ford announced that Myr. Salvin had kindly consented that

the series should be kept intact in order that it might form

the subject of a special discussion later in the year, and that

he himself would defer the publication of his remarks in

view of the anticipated re-opening of the matter.

Mr. Tutt, having carefully examined the specimens

of Leucania fiavicolor, said that he considered it as highly

(xxix? )

probable that it was a remarkable form of Leucania pallens,

but that more material was required before a final opinion

could be formed. The remarkable transverse (elbowed) line

of dots crossing the forewings was exactly parallel with that

of Leucania straminea and L. impura ab. punctalinea, and for

an aberration of this character to occur in L. pallens was as

probable as in L. impura, the typical form of which is but

sparingly dotted in the direction of the elbowed line. The

hindwings showed almost identical characters in the dark

shading, traces of dots in nervures, &c., as the red aberrations

of L. pallens exhibited by Mr. Mathew. He considered that

until the matter of its specific distinctness was finally settled,

Mr. Barrett had erred on the right side in giving it a dis-

tinctive name, even if the name subsequently fell as an

aberration of L. pallens.

Paper read.

Dr. Chapman communicated a paper entitled ‘‘On the

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera from a pupal

and oyal standpoint.”

October 2lst, 1896.

Professor RarHart Menpoua, F.R.S., President, in the

Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks

voted to the respective donors.

Exhibitions, ete.

Mr. J. J. Walker, R.N., exhibited a specimen of Emus

hirtus, L., taken at Gore Court Park, Sittingbourne, Kent,

on the 30th May last.

Mr. W. B. Spence sent, from Florence, for exhibition,

some specimens of a cricket, Gryllus campestris, in small wire

cages, which he stated were, in accordance with an ancient

custom, sold by the Italians on Ascension -day.

(ah

Mr. F. Enock exhibited a specimen of the curious aquatic

Hymenopteron Prestwichia aquatica, ¢, which Sir John

Lubbock first captured in 1862, but which had not been

recorded since that date until its rediscovery in May, 1896.

Mr. Enock said that the male had remained unknown until

June last, when he captured several swimming about in a

pond at Epping. The male was micropterous, and, like the

female, used its legs for propelling itself through the

water.

Mr. Tutt exhibited a beautiful aberration of Tephrosia

bistortata (crepuscularia), in which the ochreous ground-colour

was much intensified, and the transverse shade between the

median and subterminal line was developed into a brown

band; the transverse basal, median and subterminal lines

on the forewings, and the median and subterminal lines on

the hindwings, being strongly marked in dark brown.

It was taken by Mr. J. Mason at Clevedon in March, 1893.

Mr. Tutt further drew attention to the fact that it would be

well if the Fellows of the Society would, in future, to clear

up the confusion between this and the allied species, use

the synonymy recently worked out at length by

Mr. Prout. He had concluded that the double-brooded

species, normally appearing in March and again in July,

should be called bistortata, Goetze (= biundulata, Vill,

crepuscularia, Dbldy., laricaria, Sta.), whilst the single-

brooded species, appearing normally in May, should be called

crepuscularia, Hb. This latter has for some time, in the

magazines, been called biwndularia, Esp. It is the crepus-

cularia of Stainton’s Manual. He had no doubt whatever

of the distinctness of the two species which Mr. Barrett

would unite, and the difference of opinion at present existing

was largely a matter of definition as to what constituted a

species. Mr. Tutt also exhibited the cocoons, pupal-skin, and

aberrations of the imago of Zygena exulans. The cocoons

were spun upon one another, five in a cluster, and

Mr. Tutt stated that the species was exceedingly abundant in

the pupal and imaginal stages during the first week of

August on the mountain slopes above Le Lautaret, in the

Daupkiné Alps, at from 7,000 to 9,000 feet elevation. The

( mi)

pupa-skin was very similar to those of other Zygenids. The

imagines exhibited were all aberrations, and consisted of

females of the ab. flavilinea, with bright yellow nervures ;

a large male and several females of the ab. striata, with the

red spots more or less confluent and developed into streaks ;

also, an unique female aberration in which the wing, from

the base to far beyond the centre was entirely crimson.

Mr. Warburg exhibited a long series, showing considerable

variation in colour and curve of line, of what are considered

on the Riviera to be typical Bombyx querciis and ab. spartii,

with a few preserved larve of each. According to Hubner,

the insect he ealls spartii differs from quercis in being

darker brown with a white dot instead of a lunule, and a

narrower straighter band sharply defined outside in the ¢.

The fringe of hair was in the male dark brown instead of yellow

ochre. This description on the whole fits fairly with both

the S. French (Cannes) varieties, which are differentiated by

the colour of the larve, spartii being more fulvous than

queretis, According to Guenée this difference is constant, a

point which he said he was hoping to ascertain soon. Guenée

separates ¢¢ of spartii from querctts by the following

character, that spartii has the band of the forewing whiter in

colour than that on the hindwing, a character which however

appears to be present in Cannes querciis. His specimens of

both pupated about May, and emerged from 28th July, 1896,

to end of October, ovipositing as soon as paired. Some ova

were still unhatched and a few larve were already in their

second skin. He aiso exhibited a series of Aberdeen Bombyx

callune and some Swiss b, querciis.

Dr. Sharp exhibited a specimen of a lepidopterous insect

that had been alluded to in ‘“‘ The Entomologist’s Monthly

Magazine,” Sept., 1896, p. 201. It was a caterpillar which

had received the eggs of a parasite on the anterior part of the

body; the abdomen, nevertheless, went on to the pupal meta-

morphosis, while the head and thorax remained attached to

it in the caterpillar stage. He also called attention to some

peculiarities in the pupa of Plusia moneta, pointed out to him

by Mr. Fleet; in this species the pigmentation varies greatly

in extent, and is sometimes entirely absent.

( ‘xl )

Mr. Blandford called attention to the recent discoveries

relating to the Tsetse fly, made by Surgeon-Major Bruce in

Zululand, which proved that this insect affected animals by

injecting them with a parasitic Protozoon. The parasite was

communicated from wild animals to domestic animals, and

was probably more widely distributed than was generally

believed, it, or a closely allied form, having been found in

India and England in sewer rats. He said that Surgeon-

Major Bruce had proved that the Tsetse fly was pupiparous,

which was of importance as affecting the classification of

the Diptera. Dr. Sharp said that in his opinion the Tsetse

fly would cease to be troublesome with the advance of

civilization.

Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited the pupa-skin, cocoon and

eggs of Hesperia comma, L., found on chalk hills near Reading

by Mr. A. H. Hamm. He also exhibited and remarked on a

series of both forms of Tephrosia crepuscularia and T, biundu-

laria, showing an unbroken line of variation from brown to

white and also to grey and black. In addition, he showed

several second-brood specimens of both forms obtained in the

past summer by Mrs. Bazett of Reading. Mr. Tutt and Mr.

Fenn made some remarks on the specimens exhibited.

Papers, etc., read.

Mr. Tutt read the following paper entitled ‘‘ On the specific

identity of Cenonympha iphis and C. satyrion.”’

‘* In Staudinger’s Catalog, p. 32, the author gives satyrion,

Ksp. (= philea, Hb.) as a variety of Canonympha arcania.

He diagnoses it as ‘ var. alpina, minor, subt. fascia squali

alba, supra g¢ sepius [@ rarius] tota fusca.’ He mentions

as localities for it, ‘Alps, Mountains of Central France.’

Kane, in ‘ European Butterflies,’ p. 183, follows Staudinger,

and adds: ‘It is a variable form, and often approaches C.

arcania in more than one character.’ This view has been

repeated to me more than once in correspondence by col-

lectors, who ought, at least, to have doubted that a species

like C, arcania should have two so different Alpine forms as

darwiniana and satyrion.

“In referring to Mr. Lemann’s translation of Frey’s

( xiii)

‘Butterflies of Europe,’ p. 88, I was interested to see that

that author did not agree with Staudinger’s views. He

treats satyrion as a distinct species, and remarks of its dis-

tribution in Switzerland: ‘On all the Alps (from Wallis to

the Tyrol) somewhat variable, but without passing into

C. arcania. Commences to appear at about 4,000 feet. At

7,000 feet it begins to get scarcer in our fauna region, whilst

1,000 feet lower it often oceurs very abundantly.’ Ruhl also

adopts this view, and treats satyrion as a distinct species,

whilst I recently observed that Dr. Jordan wrote many years

ago (E. M. M., xvi., p. 89): ‘It requires a great amount of

faith to believe C. satyrion to be the same as C. arcania, At

Heidelberg, C. arcania is most abundant and has exactly the

same habits as tithonus, flitting about amongst the bushes

and settling on the blossoms. C. satyrion, like pamphilus, is

essentially a grass insect, and apparently very little subject

to variation,’

** Tn the opinion that C. satyrion and C.arcania are distinct

species, I quite concur, and would suggest that, with the

exception of the white band bearing the ocellated spots on

the underside of the hindwings, the two species have no

other character in common.

‘‘ Like most other lepidopterists, I have tried to unite

satyrion with arcania. Like Frey I have failed, although the

series of C. arcania var. darwiniana, which were captured on

Monte Cristallo (Cortina), on August 8th, 1895, at an

elevation of about 5,500 feet, by Dr. Chapman and myself,

and which I now exhibit, shows some approach as a con-

necting medium, when compared with the typical C. arcania

taken at Mendel Pass on July 31st, 1895, at rather less than

4,000 feet elevation. The approach is to arcania in the

females, and to satyrion in the darkest males of the darwiniana

group, which are becoming somewhat unicolorous; but I

think you will agree with me that the superficial resemblance

between these more unicolorous males of darwiniana and the

brighter of the Lautaret males of C. iphis is actually greater

than that between them and the especially bright males of

satyrion from the Swiss Alps, which were sent to me by

Prof. Blachier of Geneva. I have looked through the

( xiv)

British Museum material (containing Zeller’s and Frey’s

insects) and this helps me less even than the specimens I

am exhibiting, to unite, even in the most superficial and

artificial manner, C. arcania and C. satyrion.

‘‘ Although, as may be gathered from this, I consider C.

satyrion specifically distinct from C. arcania, Iam not at all

certain that it is distinct from another European species. I

have not seen it suggested before, but I believe that C. satyrion

is a high Alpine form of C. iphis. The reason for this

opinion is based on the remarkable variation exhibited by a

series of insects, some two hundred in number, which exhibit

both on the upper and undersides, and in both series, the

most complete gradation between typical satyrion and iphis ;

in fact, extending somewhat beyond typical iphis, as exem-

plified in lowland districts, in the matter of suppression of

ocellated spots on the underside, the range extending from

specimens with no ocellated spots and scarcely a trace of the

white band on the underside of the hindwings, to the strongly

banded and fully ocellated examples which resemble

typical satyrion.

‘Tt may be well to see how the material exhibited would

divide on the principle by which the species (?) are at present

separated, viz., by calling those satyrion with a white band on

the underside of the hindwings, and calling those iphis

without this band. By this method Nos. 1, 2, and 10, 11 in

Row 1 (males) would be satyrion, the remainder iphis. Nos.

1, 3 of Row 2 (females) would be satyrion, and the remainder

iphis. Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of Row 3 (males, undersides) would

be satyrion, the remainder iphis. Of the female undersides

(Row 4), Nos. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 would be satyrion, the remainder

iphis, I think you will all agree with me that such a sub-

division of these specimens, which were all taken flying

together on one grassy slope at Le Lautaret at an elevation

of about 8,000 feet, would be somewhat absurd. When I

further add that, under this arrangement, of two specimens

taken in copulaé the male would go to satyrion and the female

to iphis, I think you will agree that I have very good ground

in supposing satyrion to be an Alpine form of C, iphis and

not of C. arcaniu.

( txlva)

“T find on searching through the works and figures of

various authors that my views are largely upheld. An

examination of Zeller’s material in the British Museum

collection has also proved interesting.

‘‘Hiubner’s three figures of C. iphis are of importance as

being the oldest figures of this species. Fig. 249 represents

a male, of a rich dark brown colour and with no darker

margin. There is a trace of one small ocellated spot near

the anal angle of the hindwing, and no trace of the orange

marginal line (or blotch) at the anal angle. Fig. 250 is a

female and has the forewings of an ochreous hue with a

darker shaded outer margin; the hindwings fuscous. There

ig an orange line edging the margin of all the wings; two

small ocellated spots on the forewings and three on the hind-

wings. Fig. 251 represents an underside exactly intermediate

between typical iphis and satyrion, inasmuch as the white

transverse band on the underside of the hindwings is

complete, but is just within, and does not contain, the series

of ocellated spots which are otherwise conspicuous.

‘“Hiibner’s figures (254, 255) of philea, referred by

Staudinger to satyrion, show distinctly the connection

between iphis and satyrion. Fig. 254 is of the same colour as

fig. 249 (iphis), but with a darker margin to the forewings

made up of triangular interneural blotches having the

bases on the margin of the wing. ‘The hindwings are

darker at the base, but there is a paler marginal band, in

which a series of five dots can be seen, showing through, as

it were, from the underside. An orange-red marginal line

runs round the hindwings as in his fig. 250 (iphis). Fig. 255

represents the underside, and is of a very characteristic iphis

appearance, as to colour and grey apex of forewings, but it

has a very complete transverse whitish band on the hind-

wings, in which is the series of ocellated spots. It is very

like the 9th specimen in Row 8, which, although banded, has

particularly strong iphis characters.

‘‘isper’s figure (Pl. 122, fig. 2) of satyrion, to which

Staudinger refers as the type of the species, is absurdly bad.

The bases of the forewings are orange and the outer margins

of the forewings and the bases of the hindwings are pink.

( xlvi_ )

There are traces of a hind marginal row of ocellated spots on

the hindwings and an orange marginal line. The underside

of the forewings is brown at the base with a broad yellow

margin. The hindwings have a blackish base and yellow

outer margin with six dots. It would appear that Charpentier,

in 1836, wrote the letterpress to this figure,* and the

description has been made quite independently of Esper’s

ridiculous figure.

‘The series of C. iphis in the British Museum collection

(called by the authorities amyntas) contains Zeller’s specimens

of this species. The males are all more fuliginous than the

Lautaret specimens, the undersides are well ocellated and

the hindwings show the white band in varying stages of

development, but never quite continuous the whole length of

the wing and never enclosing the ocellated spots. The females

have the colour of the forewings above darker than have

the specimens from Lautaret, and present no strikingly marked

distinction in tint between the fore and hindwings as do

those I exhibit, whilst all the females are more or less spotted

on the upper side of the fore and hindwings. The two

females that constitute the types of mandane, Kirby, are

much more like the Lautaret females than any of the

German and Swiss specimens, but one of the mandane has

strongly ocellated hindwings on the upperside, like the

German specimens. This character is quite absent in the

Lautaret examples, as my specimens show.

‘The female C. satyrion in the British Museum collection

do not maintain altogether the distinction that I observe in

the Lautaret examples, viz., the paler fore and the darker

hindwings, the forewings being in some instances much

duller than any I have taken. Other specimens have more

ochreous forewings and then approach the Lautaret specimens

more closely, but the latter, even in the most extreme forms,

are evidently not quite so dark as those that occur elsewhere.

The males in this series vary somewhat. Some have the

forewings entirely fuliginous, others approach the orange-

* There is a footnote stating this fact in the British Museum copy of

Esper’s work.

( *sxixaiy 5)

fulvous coloration of the more general form of iphis at

Lautaret. The undersides have, without exception, the

characteristic white band on the underside of the hindwings.

Of course I am quite aware that a specimen without this

band would be’ referred by

continental entomologists

elsewhere than to this species (satyrion).

‘Tt may be well to compare Berce’s description of C. iphis

with that of C. satyrion, which he calls philea.

These are to

be found on pp. 218 and 219, and read as follows :

“*Tohis. Wings of a clear brown,

the superior having the dise tinted

with tawny, without an apical ocell-

ated spot. The inferior wings

having often a short yellow line at

anal angle. The underside of the supe-

rlor wings tawny, with the apex and

marginal border yellowish-grey. The

inferior wings beneath of the same

colour (yellowish-grey) with the

median line,indicated by two irregu'ar

whitish spots, followed by a series of

four to six ocellated spots circled

with grey-white.

tawny and the inferior wings grey-

BEORn, with an ante-marginal yellow

ine.

“¢ Philea (= satyrion). Wings of

a clear brown, the superior having

the dise tinted with tawny, without

an apical ocellated spot. The inferior

wings with a yellow mark at the

anal angle. The underside of the

superior wings tawny with the apex

greenish-grey. The inferior wings

beneath of the same colour (greenish-

grey), sometimes tinted with tawny,

up to the median band. Then a

yellowish-white band, broad and

conspicuous, containing six ocellated

spots. The outer margin reddish

tawny, traversed by a leaden line.

‘““®,. With the superior wings

tawny, bordered with grey-brown.

The inferior wings grey-brown with

an ante-marginal yellow line.

‘Tn conclusion, it may be well to remark that one of the

localities for C. iphis, mentioned by Berce, is Lautaret.

There can be, therefore, no doubt but that my material agrees

with that in the hands of continental entomologists. The

exact similarity, in all essential points, of the above descriptions

with the exception of the pale band present on the underside

of satyrion and absent on the underside of iphis, is remarkable,

and shows that, with the exception of this single unstable

character, there is nothing, even in the continental descrip-

tions of iphis and satyrion, to separate them.”

The Rev. T. A. Marshall communicated a paper entitled

‘<A Monograph of British Braconide. Part VII.”

Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell communicated a paper entitled

«« New Hymenoptera from the Mesilla Valley, New Mexico.”

Mr. E. Meyrick contributed a paper entitled ‘‘ On Lepido-

ptera from the Malay Archipelago.”

Dr. Sharp read a paper by Mr. G. D, Haviland and himself

entitled ‘‘ Termites in captivity in England.”

( xlviii_)

November 4th, 1896.

Professor RapHarL Menpona, F.R.S., President, in the

Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks

voted to the respective donors.

Exhibitions, ete.

Mr. McLachlan exhibited a collection of the cast nymph-

skins of more than one-third of the species of European

Dragon-flies from the Département de l’Indre, France, sent

to him by Mons. René Martin. ‘Two or three of the species

had been reared in an aquarium, but the identification of

most of them has been secured by finding the imago drying

its wings in the immediate vicinity of the cast skin.

Mr. R. Adkin exhibited a long series of Acidalia margine-

punctata taken on the sea-coast at Kastbourne, Sussex, during

the past eight summers. ‘The series included examples of a

bone-coloured form with slightly indicated transverse mark-

ings ; others much dusted with black scales giving them a

deep grey tone, with well developed markings; and sundry

forms intermediate between the two; also three taken this

year, in which the whole of the wings, with the exception of a

pale submarginal line, are densely covered with black scales,

giving them a similar appearance to the so-called ” black’’

forms that are found among some of the species of Boarmia

and Tephrosia.

Mr. Horace St. John Donisthorpe exhibited a female speci-

men of Dytiscus circumcinctus, Ahr., with elytra resembling in

form those of the male. He said the specimen had been

taken in Wicken Fen in August last.

Mr. Tutt exhibited a specimen of Mellinia (Xanthia)

ocellaris, captured by Mr. F. Whittle in September, 1894,

and for comparison a specimen of M. gilvago, the latter species

being common in the locality, and at the time that the speci-

men was captured. He referred to the fact that M. ocellaris

was usually captured in the same localities as M. gilvago, and

drew attention to the fact that Fuchs had considered them

the same species. Fuchs’ statement, as recorded in the

Gaal)

‘‘ British Noctue and their Varieties,”’ vol. iv., p.122, reads as

follows :—‘‘ My own captured gilvago and ocellaris lead me to

believe in the identity of these species, as I have one gilvago

with the tips of the forewings acutely pointed, as in ocellaris.

All my specimens, both of gilvago and ocellaris, have been

taken in the noted poplar avenue of Hamburg, where gilvago

is the rarer and ocellaris the commoner species. The freshly

emerged specimens were taken on the trunks of poplars during

the afternoon.’ Mr. Tutt said that, in his opinion, the species

were abundantly distinct, but that ocellaris was yet so rare as a

British insect that one wanted to see more specimens, and to

know the life-history of the insect before one could object to

Fuchs’ conclusion. He also exhibited four specimens of

Argyresthia atmoriella taken by Mr. Atmore last June at Lynn,

Norfolk. He also exhibited a pupa-case of Thymelicus lineola

from the Essex salt marshes. He drew attention to the

structural characters exhibited by it, and pointed out that it

differed markedly from the pupa of Pamphila comma exhibited

at the last meeting. These structural differences led him

to suggest that the separation of the old genus Hesperia (as

still maintained by some British lepidopterists) into Pamphila

and ‘Thymelicus should be insisted upon. Mr. Tutt also

exhibited a long series of a Melampias which he had captured

at Le Lautaret in the Dauphiné Alps, at an elevation of

7,000—8,000 feet. He observed that the specimens exhibited

were peculiar in some very important particulars. The males

varied somewhat in size and in the shape of the wings, and

the females showed a marked sexual dimorphism. Typically,

M. melampus was looked upon as a somewhat round-winged

species, with black dots in the fulvous band and spots of the

fore and hindwings, the females very closely resembling the

males, but having somewhat paler fulvous (almost orange)

markings and spots beneath. M. pharte, on the other hand,

was considered to be a longer-winged insect, without black

dots in the fulvous bands and spots on the fore and hind-

wings respectively, whilst the female is characterised by its

pale orange (instead of fulvous) bands and spots, both on the

upper and undersides, thus making a marked sexual dimor-

phism. Further, M. melampus was generally ecnsidered to

(aay)

occur at a lower altitude than M. pharte. He himself had

found M. melampus abundantly in various localities, at from

3,500—4,500 feet, in Piedmont, the Tyrol, ete. ; but M. pharte

occurred rather from 5,000—7,000 feet. Mr. Tutt said that

his attention was first drawn to the species by some very fine

examples captured at about 4,500 feet elevation, on Mont de

la Saxe (Courmayeur), on Aug. Ist, 1895, by Dr. Chapman

and himself. It was suggested to him that these specimens

were E’rebia eriphyle, but he was of opinion (and this opinion

was shared by Mr. Elwes) that the specimens represented

melampus. Compared, however, with Tyrolean (Campiglio,

Mendel) examples of the latter, these exhibited a tendency to

a lengthening of the forewings and to an obsolescence of the

black dots, thus coming in these particulars somewhat near

pharte ; but the females were very like the males, and pre-

sented none of the typical characters of female pharte. These

specimens were exhibited. Returning to the Lautaret cap-

tures, which were all taken together, flying in the same field

(some in copula), it will be observed, from the specimens

exhibited, that the males run from typical melampus, with four

or five black dots in the fulvous band, through specimens with

8, 2,1, and no black dots, i.e., to typical male pharte. The

shape of the wings, too, varies from the typical rounded-

winged melampus to the more pointed-winged pharte, some

of the specimens which are pharte, so far as their unspotted

band goes, being melampus by the rounded character of the

apices of the forewings. The females are all typical pharte,

with a band more orange than fulvous, and with the band

distinctly pale, as in pharte, on the underside. It would

appear that here (Lautaret) melampus and pharte form

but one species, however distinct they may be in some dis-

tricts. Of course it would be easy to separate the spotted

forms from the unspotted forms, and call the former melampus

and the latter pharte, but it would not get over the difficulty

of the females being all of one form, nor of the fact that a

proportion of the melampus-shaped males are unspotted, and

vice versa, nor of the fact that some of the males which are

typical melampus were paired with typical female pharte. The

species were not uncommon in the flowery meadows, but

(By

rather passé. Mr. Nicholson, to whom I have submitted the

specimens, writes: ‘I believe all these specimens to be

melampus. The round-winged specimens are very like

my Swiss ones. Melampus is hard to define as a species.”’

If Mr. Nicholson’s views were to be accepted, it would

create a difficulty, for he observed of Hiibner’s figs. 491—494,

from which the species pharte is named, ‘ Hiibner’s

figs. 491 and 492 are identical with the Lautaret females,

whilst his figs. 493 and 494 are identical with most

of the unspotted males, only Hiibner, strangely enough,

whilst showing the colour dimorphism that exists between

the sexes, has transposed the bodies, so that figs. 491 and 492

have ? coloration and ¢ body, whilst figs. 498 and 494 have

3 coloration and ¢ body.” (Ent. Rec., viii, pp. 258 &

259.) To illustrate his views more clearly he also exhibited

some typical specimens of M. pharte from the Swiss Alps,

captured by Professor Blachier of Geneva, July 10th, 1885.

It will be observed that these females are absolutely identical

in tint, bands, and spotting, with the Lautaret females, and

that if the Swiss specimens are pharte, then the Lautaret

specimens certainly are. Berce (p. 188) makes the following

suggestive observation about M. pharte : “ A little larger than

melampus, from which it differs in that the ferruginous

blotches are altogether devoid of black points, those of the

superior wings more rectangular, those of the inferior wings

a little oval. It has the same habits as melampus, and is

found at the same time, and in the same localities.’’ This

would suggest that Berce knew of the two so-called species

overlapping, but that it did not occur to him that they

really formed but one species. I do not doubt that in many

localities both melampus and pharte have specific value.

Here, at Lautaret, undoubtedly the species are (or is) in

a state of flux, and, like Canonympha iphis and C. satyrion,

not specifically differentiated. Mr. Tutt said he would explain

these peculiar facts much in the same way that he had

already attempted to explain the parallel case of mixing of

Cenonympha satyrion and C. iphis. The altitude at which

the insects are found at Le Lautaret tends to produce the

Alpine forms satyrion and pharte; whilst the marvellously

( lis)

luxuriant pasturages in which they occur (in August, there is, I

believe, nothing to equal these in Europe at the same altitude),

the peculiar position of this high lying Lautaret basin

(described Ent. Ree. viil., p. 253), and its high summer tempera-

ture (for the altitude), all combine to produce an environment,

characteristic of an elevation of 2,000—4,000 feet, rather than

of 7,000—8,000 feet, and, as a result, we find the attempt to

produce the form usually found at a higher, and that usually

produced at a lower, altitude, crowned with a certain amount of

success. Mr. Tutt said that, of course, he knew that melampus

and pharte do not normally represent such distinctly low alti-

tude and high altitude forms as iphis and satyrion respectively.

Two remarks of Frey (‘‘ Butterflies of Switzerland’’) deserved

notice. The first is that the female of melampus ‘‘ is only rarely

taken.’ Is this because the females in the districts known to

him would have been referred to pharte. The second is to the

effect that pharte is ‘‘ widely distributed in damp spots within

the tree line (4,000—6,000 feet),’”’ a description which would

apply to every place (except the Lautaret locality) in

which he (Mr. Tutt) had taken melampus.

Mr. Elwes observed that though all the continental butter-

flies had been so long studied by European entomologists, he

did not think the form exhibited by Mr. Tutt had been hitherto

noticed. He considered that Mr. Tutt had made out his case,

and he agreed in the conclusions at which he had arrived.

Mr. McLachlan, Mr. Jacoby, and Professor Meldola con-

tinued the discussion.

Mr. E. Ernest Green exhibited a typical specimen of

Ephyra omicronaria, together with what he believed to be a

remarkable melanic variety of the same species, taken by Dr.

Dudley Wright at Pegwell Bay, near Ramsgate, in September

last. Some of the Fellows present, after an examination of

the specimen, expressed an opinion that it was a variety of

an Acidalia, and not of Hphyra omicronaria.

Mr. Goss stated that Mr. Harry Fisher, the botanist to the

Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, had returned to England.

He hoped that he would have been present at the meeting to

exhibit a few minute Diptera and other insects which he had

collected in Franz Josef Land. Mr. McLachlan made some

€ lie)

remarks on insects and flowers in high latitudes, and Mr.

Klwes, Sir George Hampson, and Professor Meldola also

commented on the subject.

November /8th, 1896.

Professor RapHarL Menpona, F.R.S., President, in the

Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks

voted to the respective donors.

Klection of Fellows.

Mr. Malcolm Burr, of ‘“ Bellagio,” East Grinstead, Sussex ;

Mr. G. H. Gale, of the Public Works Department, Hong-

kong; and Mr. A. E. Wileman, of the British Consular

Service, Yokohama, Japan, were elected Fellows of the

Society.

Exhibitions, ete.

Mr. Tutt exhibited a series of the ochreous form of

Tephrosia bistortata, Goetze, known as var. abietaria, Haw.,

captured by Mr. J. Mason in March, 1895 and 1896, near

Clevedon, Somerset; also a specimen of the black-brown

ab. passetit, Thierry-Mieg, captured by Major Robertson, at

Swansea in March, 1895; also a series of the second brood

= var. gen. 2, consonaria, St., of the same species bred June

16-23rd, i896, from ova laid by the March Clevedon examples.

The small size and dead-white ground-colour is very remark-

able in these specimens ; a specimen of the second brood bred

from Ramnor, July, 1889, is put in for comparison, as this,

although of the same small size, shows the ochreous hue of

the spring (abietaria) form. He also exhibited a series of

Tephrosia crepuscularia, Hb. (biundularia, Esp.), from Don-

caster, captured by Dr. H. H. Corbett, all from one wood.

These were captured in May, 1893-95, and exhibited every

grade of variation from the most typical crepuscwaria, Hb.,

to extreme forms of delamerensis, B. White. Mr. Tutt said

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., Iv., 1896. F

( livers)

that he would especially draw attention to the difference

existing between the white crepuscularia, Hb., and the second

brood of bistortata var. consonaria. It has been asserted that

‘‘ the second brood of bistortata is typical biundularia.”’ This

it would be seen is not so, although there is considerable super-

ficial resemblance between them. The question as to these

being two or one species turned on two points. If it be

admitted that the same species may comprise two forms, (1)

with distinct facies, (2) with distinct life-cycles, then it must be

admitted these may be the same species; but if on the other

hand it be granted, that (1) different facies and (2) distinct

life-cycles be sufficient to constitute species, then these must

be considered distinct species. The two species have very

similar environments, and exhibit a parallelism of variation,

but he did not think that parallel variation proved specific

identity in confessedly closely allied species. He also exhibited

a specimen of Hipparchia semele, captured by Mr. H. Short-

ridge Clarke, on the ‘‘Mooragh,’’ near Ramsey, Isle of

Man, July 12th, 1896; the specimen exhibited the usual

small size and bright fulvous coloration of the Isle of Man

forms, but had an extra ocellated spot in the third interneural

space below the normal apical one. He also exhibited an

aberration of Amphidasys betularia caught in the ‘“‘ Nunnery

erounds” near Douglas, July, 1896, the specimen being

remarkable in having a white ground-colour without the usual

black freckling which has earned for the species the name of

the “ Peppered Moth ;”’ the type occurs in the island. He

also exhibited a richly marked specimen of Abraxas grossula-

riata, caught in ‘ The Curraghs,”’ Ballaugh, July 16th, 1896,

which had especially well developed orange markings ; and

also a series of Plusia bractea bred from ova laid by a female

in July last. The eggs and larve were subjected to forcing

treatment from the first by Mr. Finlay of Morpeth, who

obtained the eggs, with the result that the whole batch pro-

duced moths in October. The larve were fed on that variety

of dandelion grown for salad purposes. One specimen was

remarkable in having at the base of the metallic spot on

the right forewing a small additional metallic spot. <A

very dark specimen of Polia chi ab. olivacea was also

C i

shown, the green ground-colour being especially well

developed. This also was captured at Meldon Park,

Morpeth, by Mr. Finlay. Mr. Tutt further exhibited eggs

of Knnomos autumnaria (alnriaria), showing the regularity with

which the rows are placed one inside the other ; specimens of

Orrhodia vaccinii ab. obscura, showing parallel variation

and considerable superficial resemblance to O. erythroce-

phala ab. glabra, captured by Dr. Riding, near Honiton,

Devon; also some specimens of O. vaccinii, showing an

intermediate stage between the type and aberration ; also

cases of an Australian Psychid Liothula omnivora, Fereday,

sent over by Mr. W. W. Smith, of Ashburton, New Zealand.

Mr. Tutt said that it would be remembered that he exhibited,

some twelye months ago, a number of cases of Thyr-

dopteryx ephemeraformis, or a species allied thereto, and gave

figures of the same in Ent. Rece., vol. viil., with notes. Mr.

Smith thought that the ‘‘ Basket Caterpillar of New Zealand ”’

might prove equally interesting.

Dr. Sharp called attention to Mr. Ernest Green’s plates of

the Coccida of Ceylon, which were exhibited on a screen in the

room, and said that he was inclined to consider the Coccida

as a distinct order of insects, but at present the evidence was

hardly sufficient to warrant this. He asked Mr. Green if he

could give him any information with regard to the develop-

ment of the wings in the male.

Mr. Green said that in the males of the Coceid@ the wings

first appeared in the penultimate stage as small projections on

the sides of the thorax. These wing-pads grew to a certain

extent without any further ecdysis. Though the insect was

then quite inactive, and took no food during this stage, the

rudimentary wings and legs were free from the body, and were

capable of some slight movement. After the final ecdysis the

wings of the imago were fully expanded, and assumed their

natural position before the insect left the sac, or pupariam, in

which the resting stage had been passed. Mr. McLachlan

and others continued the discussion.

Mr. Bethune-Baker exhibited a yellow spider from

Orotava, which was of the exact colour of the flowers that it

usually rested upon, and which had been observed to catch

(\ Tysge)

Vanessa which settled on these flowers. Mr. Barrett said

he had noticed a spider with the same habit on the Ox-Eye

Daisy in Surrey. Mr. Bethune-Baker also exhibited a very

curious dark variety of Arctia caja, bred by Mr. Moore.

Professor Meldola stated that it had been of late found

difficult to store bristles in the City owing to the ravages

of a moth, of which he exhibited lving specimens of the

larve and pupe. Mr. Barrett said that the moth was Tinea

hiselliella. Mr. Blandford stated that the bisulphide of

carbon treatment might be found to be of advantage if it

were practicable, but more would have to be ascertained

with regard to the extent and character of the ravages before

anything could be determined upon. Mr. Merrifield, Mr.

Green, and others took part in the discussion which followed.

Mr, Blandford called attention to the use of formalin as a

preventive of mould, and said that it would probably be found

of use in insect collections ; an object once sprayed with this

substance never became mouldy afterwards. Professor Mel-

dola said that formalin was another name for a solution

of formic aldehyde: it is now much used in the colour

industry and is, therefore, produced on a large scale.

Paper Lead.

Mr. Newstead communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ New Coc-

cid@ collected by the Rey. A. E, Eaton in Algeria.”

December 2nd, 1896.

Dr. Daviw SHarp, M.A., F.R.S., Vice-President, in the

Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks

voted to the respective donors.

Exhibitions, ete,

Dr. Sharp exhibited the series of Longicorn Coleoptera of

the genus Plagithmysus from the Hawaiian Islands, of which

a preliminary account had recently been given by him else-

where. He said that these examples were the result of Mr.

Perkins’ work for the Sandwich Island Committee, and

¢ Avie)

afforded a fair sample of his success in the other orders,

which would be found to have completely revolutionised our

knowledge of the entomological fauna of these islands. He

stated that Mr. Meyrick had recently informed him that the

Geometridae would be increased from six species to forty-four,

and that the genus Playithmysus showed an almost equal

increase; and that the working out of the specimens was

very difficult, owing to the variability of the species and to

their being closely allied.

Mr. Malcolm Burr exhibited a specimen of a cockroach,

Pycnocelus indicus, Fabr., taken in a house at Bognor, Sussex.

He said this was the first record of the occurrence of the

species in England. According to De Saussure, it was dis-

tributed throughout India, Ceylon, Mexico, and the United

States.

Mr. P. Crowley exhibited a remarkable variety of Abraxas

grossulariata taken in a garden at Croydon last summer.

Mr. Tutt exhibited some Micro-Lepidoptera from the

Dauphiné Alps. Among them were several specimens of

Psecadia pusiella, Rém., showing considerable difference in

the width of the black zigzag band crossing the centre of the

forewings longitudinally. The species was taken at La Grave,

in a gully at the back of the village. A large number of

specimens was secured, chiefly resting on the trunks and

branches of two or three ash and willow trees growing on the

bank at the side of the gully. A few specimens, however,

were obtained drying their wings on the grass on the bank,

but Mr. Tutt stated that he failed to find pupa-cases. The

captures were all made on the mornings of August 7th and 8th.

In spite of the striking conspicuousness of the insect when set

out for the cabinet, it was by no means easy to detect at

first on the tree trunks, as it sat with its wings overlapping, in

the cracks and crannies of the bark. Mr. Tutt also exhibited

specimens of a ‘plume’ which had been named Levoptilus

(Alucita) scarodactyla. It was exceedingly abundant on the

Artemisia growing on the roadside just below La Grave. There

could be little doubt, he thought, from the habits of the insect,

that the Artemisia had been its food-plant. He also exhibited

specimens, from Le Lautaret, of Sericoris rivulania, Gelechia

PROC. EXT. SOC. LOND., v., 1897. G

( lviii )

spuriella, Sophronia semicostella, Pleurota pyropella, Acophora

stipella, and Butalis fallacella. The latter were chiefly

interesting from the fact that they were taken at an eleva-

tion of about 8,000 feet Lord Walsingham said that these

Micro-Lepidoptera from the Dauphiné Alps were exceed-

ingly interesting, and resembled those obtained by M. Mil-

liére in a more southern latitude. The ‘‘ plumes ”’ were

particularly interesting, and he had been much puzzled over

some species which Mr. Tutt had sent him, one of which he

considered was a strange form of Owzyptilus hieraciit. He also

remarked on the close resemblance between certain American

and European species of plumes.

Paper read.

Lord Walsingham read a_ paper entitled, ‘‘ Western

Equatorial African Micro-Lepidoptera.’’ A discussion en-

sued, in which Dr. Sharp, Mr. Jacoby, and others, took

part.

ANNUAL MEETING.

January 20th, 1897.

Professor RapHart Metpona, F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Albert Hugh Jones, one of the Auditors, read the

Treasurer’s Balance Sheet, showing a balance of £10 8s. 2d.

in the Society’s favour.

Mr. H. Goss, one of the Secretaries, read the following

Report of the Council.

During the Session 1896-97 five Ordinary Fellows have

died, viz., Mr. Edward Armitage, R.A, Mr. Peter Inchbald,

F.L.8., Miss Georgiana EK. Ormerod, Mons. Auguste Salle,

and Mr. Arthur Dowsett; eleven Fellows have resigned, and

thirteen Ordinary Fellows have been elected.

The number of Fellows elected during the year is far below

the average, notwithstanding the successful effé6rts of one or

two Fellows of the Society to add to its numbers. :

At the present time the Society consists of 10 Honorary,

55 Life, and 819 Fellows lable for the Annual Subscription,

( lix )

leaving the total number now on the list 384, or three less than

this time last year !

Our Transactions for the year form a volume of 594 pages,

containing 16 Memoirs, contributed by the following authors,

viz., Mr. George C. Champion (2 papers); Mr. Kenneth J.

Morton; Dr. Frederick A. Dixey; Dr. David Sharp, F.R.S. ;

Mr. George F. Scott-Kliott; Dr. T. Algernon Chapman

(2 papers) ; Mons. Louis Péringuey ; Mr. Walter F. H. Bland-

ford; Mr. E. Ernest Green; Prof. Edward B. Poulton,

F.R.S.; Prof. Samuel Williston and Prof. J. M. Aldrich ;

Sir George F. Hampson, Bart. ; Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall; and

Mr. George D. Haviland and Dr. D. Sharp.

Of these 16 papers, 5 relate to Lepidoptera, or to enquiries

in which they were the subjects of experiment ; 5 to Coleo-

ptera, 2 to Neuroptera, 2 to Orthoptera, and 2 to Diptera.

Part of the cost of the publication of the longest of the two

papers on Diptera was defrayed by the Royal Society, who

contributed a donation of £50 from their Publication Fund.

The Memoirs above referred to are illustrated by 14

plates, of which 4 are coloured.

The Proceedings, containing an account of the Exhibitions

and Discussions at the Meetings, in‘addition to certain Papers

not published in the Transactions and to several Notes of in-

terest in connection with Exhibitions, extend to over 58 pages.

During the past year, 195 Books (in addition to the usual

Transactions, Pamphlets, and Papers) have been added to the

Library, which is increasingly used, no less than 335 volumes

having been borrowed during the year by Fellows. The Meet-

ings continue to be, as they have been of recent years, far better

attended than formerly. As pointed out last year, there is

probably no Society in London with a similar number of

Fellows on its list which has such a proportionately large at-

tendance, the Meetings of this Society comparing very favour-

ably in this respect with those of other kindred Societies.

The amount received for current Subscriptions is in excess

of that in anyformer year. The arrears paid up during 1896

have exceeded anticipations, There is a large falling off in

Admission Fees consequent on a diminished number of new

Fellows having been elected. The Donations are small,

if the amount received from the Publication Fund of

("dk )

the Royal Society, already alluded to, be deducted. The

income derived from the Sales of Publications during the

year is nearly the same as in 1895, and below the average.

Three Life Compositions have been received, two of which

have been invested in Consols, the amount so invested being

now £534 13s.

The disbursements for Printing and Plates have been

exceptionally heavy, but there is again a diminution in the

total of the various items classed under Office Expenses.

The actual financial working of the year results in a balance

to the credit of the Society of £10 8s. 2d.; but against this must

be placed the uninvyested Life Composition and a small sum

due to printers on an unadjusted account, so that there is

really a deficit on the year, due to the printers having very

largely underestimated the cost of two expensive papers.

11, Cuanpos STREET, CAVENDISH SquaRE, W.

20th January, 1897.

The Secretaries not having received any notice proposing

to substitute other names than those contained in the lists

prepared by the Council, the following Fellows constitute the

Council for 1897:—Walter F. H. Blandford, M.A., F.Z.S. ;

George C. Champion, F.Z.S.; The Rev. Canon Fowler,

M.A., F.L8.; Herbert Goss, F.L.S.; Sir George Francis

Hampson, Bart., B.A. ; Martin Jacoby ; Robert McLachlan,

F.R.S.; Prof. Raphael Meidola, F.R.S.; Frederic Merrifield ;

Osbert Salvin, M.A., F.R.S.; Roland Trimen, F.R.S. ;

James W. Tutt; and George Henry Verrall.

The following are the Officers elected :—President, Mr.

Roland Trimen; Treasurer, Mr. Robert McLachlan ; Secre-

taries, Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford and Mr. Frederic Merri-

field ; Librarian, Mr. George C. Champion.

Professor Meldola, the out-going President, then delivered

an Address, at the conclusion of which Lord Walsingham

proposed a vote of thanks to the President for his Address,

and for his services as President during the year. This was

seconded by Mr. O. Salvin, and carried.

A vote of thanks to the ‘Treasurer, Secretaries, and

Librarian, was proposed by Professor Poulton. This was

seconded by Mr. R. Trimen, and carried.

( Ixi_ )

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

Balance Sheet for the Year 1896.

RECEIPTS. | PAYMENTS.

: Less dr. | BSG. Gh

Balance in hand, Ist Jan., | Printing Transactions, &c. 253 14 11

1896 - + 1214 7 | Plates,&e. . . . 82 0 8

Subscriptions for 1896 . 313 19 0 | Ront and Office Ex-

Arrears 1818 0 penses . : 5 . 160 12 3

Admission Fees 25 4 0 | Books and Binding. 7 LOGO

Donations 719 0 | Investments in Consols . 3110 0

Grant from Publication

Subscriptions in advance

Fund of Royal Society. 50 0 0

carried to 1897. 4 ills!

| 7

Sales of Transactions, &e. 6110 0 | Balance . . . . 10 8 2

Interest on Investments : — |

Consols 5 eels) 15)

Westwood Bequest 6 19 0

——20 12 5 |

Life-Compositions . Bey) a Dal

Subscriptions in advance 7 18 7 |

£566 0 7 £566 0 7

————— | wee

ASSETS.

Subscriptions in arrear considered good (say) £15 15s. Od.

Investments :—

Cost of £546 3s. 8d. Consols ... £534 13s. Od.

Cost of £239 12s. 4d. Birmingham Corporation 3 per cent.

Stock (Westwood Bequest) £250.

Rospert McLAcutan,

Treasurer.

Audited and found correct,

SAMUEL STEVENS.

G. F. Hampson.

R. Wruir Lioyp.

A. HucH JONES.

13th January, 1897.

(asa =)

THE PRESIDENTS ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

The affairs of the Society, as set forth in the

Counc!l Report, call for no special comment from the

presidential chair. You will hear with satisfaction that we

have been included among those Societies which are entitled

to send up applications to the Scientific Relief Committee of

the Royal Society, a concession which we must acknowledge

to be a recognition of the status which our Society has

reached in the scientific world. During the past year we

have also, at the instigation of our Treasurer, taken action

with respect to the over-collecting of British insects, and a

Committee has been formed, with Mr. Barrett for Secretary,

for dealing with this subject. Having myself long ago come

to the conclusion that there was a real cause of alarm, so far

as concerns the rare and local species of this country, it is

with great interest that I have taken part in the work of the

Committee. As yet two meetings only have been held, and it

has become evident that the task of dealing with the matter

in a practical way will be a very difficult one. It is

encouraging to learn, however, that the mere announcement

that our Society had taken up the subject has given general

satisfaction throughout the country, and we have received

promises of support and co-operation from several local

societies as well as from individuals. Whether any feasible

scheme of protection can be devised, and, if so, can be put

into operation, must be left for decision by the Committee at

future deliberations. In the meantime the moral influence

of the movement cannot but make itself felt.

(ee as)

One memorable incident that has occurred during the past

year has been the visit of the Officers and Council of the

Society to Oxford at the invitation of the Hope Professor of

Zoology. It gives me great pleasure to acknowledge the

kindness with which we were received by all Members of the

University with whom we came into contact. The Vice-

Chancellor was only prevented by another pressing engage-

ment from participating personally in our reception, but he

showed his appreciation of our visit by extending the

hospitality of his house to your President. The various

specialists among our Councillors who were present on this

occasion must have noted with satisfaction the improvement

in accommodation and the great progress that has been

effected in the arrangement of the collections since Prof.

Poulton came into office. If, as my friend the Hope

Professor intimates, this visitation is to become an annual

institution, I can only rejoice that a movement calculated to

be of great benefit to our Society, as well as to the Hope

Museum, should have been inaugurated during my occupancy

of this chair,

Many papers, both of general and of special importance,

have appeared in our 1896 volume of ‘‘ Transactions.”” I may

mention, among the subjects of particular interest to myself,

the very valuable contribution to the theory of the

development of mimetic pattern by Dr. Dixey, Prof. Poulton’s

observations on the courtship of Acridiide, and Dr. Chap-

man’s papers on Lepidopterous pupe. One yery lengthy

systematic paper on the Diptera of St. Vincent, by Profs.

Williston and Aldrich, communicated by Dr. Sharp, occupies

practically the whole of Part IIL, and would, I am afraid,

have been beyond our resources had we not received a grant

from the Royal Society for defraying the cost of its

publication.

In resigning the honourable duties which I have been called

upon to discharge during the last two years, I cannot but feel

how largely I am indebted to the Officers who so ungrudgingly

devote their time to the interests of the Society. It is with

considerable regret that we must accept the simultaneous

withdrawal of both Secretaries. These gentlemen have served

( lxiv® )

us long and well. Mr. Goss has for a period of eleven years

undertaken the larger share of those duties which, as I can

testify from personal experience, are by no means light to a

professional man having many other occupations; he has

certainly earned his retirement, and with it the gratitude of

the Society. To Canon Fowler are we no less indebted when

we bear in mind the distance at which he resides from

London, and the numerous other claims upon his time. It

must temper our regret at the loss of these gentlemen,

however, to know that we have been so fortunate as to secure

the services of Mr. Blandford and Mr. Merrifield, in whose

hands we may feel assured the scientific status of the

Entomological Society of London will be well maintained.

With regard to my own position I can only feel that I have

been a usurper in the chair which should have long ago been

occupied by the distinguished entomologist who succeeds me.

It is only due to the circumstance that Mr. Trimen has for so

many years been in charge of the South African Museum

that we have never before had the opportunity of seeing him

in that position which is his due. Our new President has for

thirty-eight years been a Member and Fellow of the Society ;

he has won his spurs, not only as an entomologist, but as an

all-round naturalist, and it is to me a matter of congratu-

lation that I have this evening the privilege of handing over

to him the reins of office.

THE UTILITY OF SPECIFIC CHARACTERS AND

PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATION.

Among the subjects of general biological interest which

have been discussed during the past year, I have selected as

the theme of my address one which was introduced by our

eminent colleague, Dr. A. R. Wallace, at a meeting of the

Linnean Society held on June 18th. The importance of this

paper is due not only to the circumstance that it was read ia

person by its veteran author, but also to the fact that, after

the lapse of thirty-eight years, the principles of the theory of

natural selection, as a theory competent to explain the

formation of species, have been reaffirmed with renewed

Clase)

emphasis by one of the founders of the doctrine. All who

have concerned themselves with the species question are

aware that the validity of natural selection as an efficient

cause has now reached a stage in which opinions are divided

between two extremes. Some naturalists regard this agency

as the sole and all-sufficient cause of species transformation,

while others recognize in natural selection only a feeble or

quite unimportant factor. A few, but not many, reject

natural selection altogether. The majority of biologists in

this country, perhaps, hold an intermediate position, recog-

nising the importance of natural selection but unconvinced as

to the residuary phenomena.* The discussions which have

* It is surprising to find that Signor Todaro, in a recent address to the

Reale Accademia dei Lincei, of which an abstract appears in “‘ Nature ’”’

(Dee. 10th, 1896, p. 138), should have said that ‘‘ Natural selection, which

tried to explain everything, has had its day, and now is only invoked to

account for certain secondary characteristics, or those attributed to the

adaptations of individual forms.’’ The context, if correctly representing the

speaker’s views, shows not only that he has completely failed to grasp the

principles of the theory, but also that he is unaware of the state of current:

biological thought in this country.

It is notorious that this same complaint of being misunderstood was fre-

quently made by Darwin after the publication of the ‘“ Origin of Species.’’

In this connection the following unpublished letter, unfortunately undated,

addressed to the late Prof. D. T. Ansted, F.R.S., and now in the possession

of my father-in-law, Dr. Maurice Davis, will be of interest:—

* Oct. 27.

““My DEAR ANSTED,

“As I am away from home on account of my daughter's health, I

do not know your address, and fly this at random, and it is of very little con-

sequence if it never reaches you.

‘‘T have just been reading the greater part of your ‘ Geological Gossip,’

and have found part very interesting ; but I want to express my admiration

at the clear and correct manner in which you have given a sketch of natural

selection. You will think this very slight praise; but I declare that the

majority of readers seem utterly incapable of comprehending my long argu-

ment. Some of the reviewers, who have servilely stuck to my illustrations

and almost to my words, have been correct, but extraordinarily few others

have succeeded. I can see plainly, by your newillustrations and manner and

order of putting the case, that) you thoroughly comprehend the subject. I

assure you this is most gratifying to me, and it is the sole way in which the

public can be indoctrinated. I am often in despuir in making the generality

of naturalists even comprehend me. Intelligent men who are not naturalists

and have not a bigoted idea of the term species, show more clearness of mind.

I think that you have done the subject a real service, and I sincerely thank

(Tsar)

arisen of late years appear to me to turn rather upon the

degree of efficiency which can be assigned to the process.

It is not my intention to enter now into the question as

to what Mr. Darwin meant by this or that passage in his

writings ; neither am I about to take upon myself the respon-

sibility of clatming to be among his infallible interpreters. I

am simply a disciple of nearly a quarter of a century’s stand-

ing of the doctrine formulated by him and by Wallace. If,

with the progress of discovery and the advancement of know-

ledge, new considerations have arisen in the course of time

which are not to be found within the two covers of the

‘*Origin of Species,” or any other of Mr. Darwin’s books,

then, from what I knew of Mr. Darwin himself, I am bound

to say that it is doing an injustice to the scientific spirit of

our great leader if we allow that the acceptance of any exten-

sion or completion of his work justifies our being branded

with a denominational epithet, as though we had founded a

new sect.* We either accept the theory as Darwin left it,

after making use of all the knowledge available at his time

viz., that natural selection is the main but not the exclusive

means of the modification of species, or we may, following

Weismann and Wallace, reject the factor of use-inheritance,

and so give more weight to natural selection as a prime factor.

The only really important modification of the theory since

Darwin’s time, is this elimination of the remnant of Lamarck-

you. No doubt there wil be much error found in my book, but I have great

confidence that the main view will be, in time, found correct ; for I find,

without exception, that those naturalists who went at first one inch with me

now go a foot or yard with me.

‘*'This note obviously requires no answer.

‘* Yours sincerely,

’

“SC. DARWIN.’

My friend, Mr. Francis Darwin, who has sanctioned the publication of this

letter, informs me that it must have been written in 1860.

* T have in my mind, among many similar instances of Darwin’s scientific

eandour, the readiness with which he accepted Fleeming Jenkin’s criticism

as to the improbability of single varieties gaining a footing, owing to the

‘“swamping effects’’ of intercrossing. This point is well brought out m

Poulton’s recent work on ‘‘ Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural

Selection ” (p. 81; also the ‘‘ Life and Letters,’’ Vol. IIT., p. 107).

@ Exvii ~)

ism which lingers under such an expression as “ use-inherit-

ance,’ or Buffon’s factor of the “ direct action of the environ-

ment.”’ On this point I venture to think that the general ten-

dency of work and thought in this country has been to strengthen

the contention of Prichard,* Galton, and Weismann, that ac-

quired characters are not transmitted. It is true that many

naturalists, whose opinions are entitled to the greatest weight,

and more particularly a certain school of American biologists,

are not prepared to accept this doctrine. While admitting

that there are difficulties which require further elucidation,

it still appears to me that the balance of evidence is in favour

of this amendment of the theory. Certainly the transmission

of acquired characters cannot be regarded as a general law of

nature, in view of the vague conclusions which have resulted

from all attempts at the verification of this doctrine by obser-

vation or experiment. It is satisfactory to know that the

surviving founder of the theory of natural selection, Dr. A. R.

Wallace, has fully accepted the Weismannian modification.

The present position of biological theory, apart from any

working hypothesis as to the mechanism of heredity, the

struggle of parts within the organism, germinal selection, etc.,

may thus be summed up in the statement that while the broad

principle of evolution is on all hands admitted, there are

differences of opinion as to the process or processes by which

species and (by implication) the higher taxonomic divisions

have been produced. But these differences of opinion ulti-

mately resolve themselves into the acceptance or rejection of

the special method of evolution which is associated with the

names of Darwin and Wallace, because, as far as I have been

able to follow the course of post-Darwinian biological specu-

lation, I cannot come to any other conclusion than that beside

the theory of natural selection there is no rival doctrine of

organic development which will bear analysis in the light of

reason and of fact. Of course it is quite legitimate for any

naturalist to deny the adequacy of natural selection as the

* Tt has strangely been overlooked that Dr. James Cowles Prichard, in

his ‘‘ Researches into the Physical History of Mankind,’’ published in 1826

(2nd ed.), should have most distinctly formulated the doctrine that acquired

characters are not transmitted.

( Ixvii )

prime factor, or even as a factor of any value, in specific

modification ; it is perfectly logical to hold the mind in a state

of suspension, and to declare that the theory is inadequate,

but it is not given to many minds to rest content with a pure

negation. It will mark a decadent period in the history of

science when destructive criticism alone prevails. For my

own part, I long ago came to the conclusion that the funda-

mental principles were established with sufficient firmness to

warrant the deductive use of the theory in the same way that

we use working hypotheses in other departments of science,

and the result has not been disappointing.*

The essence of the theory of natural selection is contained

in the phrase “utility of specific characters.” The sub-

title of the ‘Origin of Species,’ published in 1859 and

retained in all subsequent editions, is ‘‘ The Preservation of

favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.’ The races are

‘favoured ’’ because they have acquired, by the action of

selection upon favourable variations, some character or

characters which give them a more or less permanent

footing in the economy of nature. The distinction, if any

exists, between a race and a species is, as systematists well

know, often quite arbitrary and frequently, if not invariably,

resolves itself into a question of individual judgment. The

criterion which the producer of artificial races employs as an

argument in favour of community of descent from a common

stock, viz., fertility, znter se, finds no place in the specific

diagnoses of the systematists. The question whether this

distinction is an absolute one remains as a subject for experi-

mental investigation in much about the same condition as it

was left by Darwin. It is surprising that this point, which,

as I may remind you, is the one flaw of which the existence

was frequently pointed out by Prof. Huxley, has not been

taken up as a matter of serious inquiry by biologists. The

want of an experimental station, to which allusion was made

in my address of last year, is no doubt responsible for the

* See some remarks by Prof. Poulton in this sense (op. cit., p. 143). Even

Mr. Bateson, whom nobody will accuse of any bias in favour of Darwin’s

views, admits that ‘‘ Natural selection . . . is obviously a ‘true cause’

at the least ’’ (‘‘ Materials for the Study of Variation,’’ p. 5).

@ -lnixg)

absence of work in this direction. I am glad to say, how-

ever, that, thanks to the zeal of our distinguished Fellow,

Mr. Francis Galton, there is some prospect of this want

being supplied at no very distant future. From the theoretical

side, Dr. A. R. Wallace’s ingenious treatment of this problem

is doubtless familiar to all who have considered the question.*

It seems necessary to apologise for occupying your time

with this recapitulation of old and well-worn topics. But in

the discussion at the Linnean Society, and subsequently in

“Nature,”’+ the whole question of the utility of specific

characters, and with it the interpretation of the principles

of the selection theory, has again been raised, The question

is of supreme importance to entomologists, because the diffi-

culties which have prevented many workers in our subject

from accepting natural selection as a sufficient cause of species

transformation, appear to me to be largely, if not entirely,

due to the meaning of the term ‘“‘utility” as applied to

specific characters. In fact, the various opinions expressed

by those who have taken part in the discussion, resolve

themselves into a few very simple questions: Are the

systematic characters by which species are diagnostically

separated from one another, those characters which, accord-

ing to the theory of natural selection, have given their

possessors that advantage in the struggle for life which has

led to their survival ? Are the external, visible, appreciable,

measurable characters alone to be regarded as of selection

value? May not some at least of the minor, more or less,

constant ‘‘ specific’ characters be the outward expression of

some constitutional or physiological differences at present

beyond the power of our methods of discrimination ?

The chief objection which has been urged against this last

view is that it necessitates the extension of the meaning of

the term ‘ correlation’’ beyond that originally assigned to it

by Darwin. Even if this were the case I do not, for the

reasons already stated, attach much weight to objections of

this class. If Darwin in his time did not contemplate cor-

* “Darwinism,’’ pp. 173-179. See also a letter by the writer, in ‘‘ Nature,”

1886, Vol. XX XIV., p. 384.

+ 1893, Vol. LIV., pp. 245, 293, 242, 365, 413, 435, 460, 491, 529, ete.

(SS)

relations of this order, I fail to see why we should not con-

sider them now. As a matter of fact it does, however, seem to

me that Darwin did most distinctly admit this principle of phy-

siological correlation. There is, for example, the well-known

argument of Dr. Wells, quoted by Prof. Ray Lankester, cor-

relating the colour of the dark-skinned races of man with

immunity from the attack of malarial fevers. It will be found,

moreover, on reference to Darwin’s writings, that he gives

many similar instances showing that, even within the limits

of the same species, certain constitutional differences, such

as immunity to natural poisons, are correlated with external

differences of colour, etc. There is, among others, the familiar

case of the black hogs of Virginia being less subject to suc-

cumb to the effect of eating the root of Lachnanthes tinctoria

than those of other colours.* The same principle is adopted

and extended by Wallace,+ who, in his last paper, sums up

the position by stating that “every truly specific character is

or has been useful, or, if not in itself useful, is strictly corre-

lated with such a character.’’{ There is here no limitation of

the term to structural correlations only, and I learnt from my

friend, Dr. Wallace, after the meeting, that he admitted cor-

relation, in the sense advocated by Prof. Lankester and myself

during the discussion. In justification of my own view I will

beg permission to quote from an obituary notice of Darwin

which was written in 1883, and which I now only make use

of because it occurs in a publication which may not be

generally accessible :—

‘Tt is most important to bear in mind that Darwin’s prime

mover, natural selection, acts not only upon external

characters, but likewise upon internal organization ; minute

constitutional or physiological deviations at present utterly

beyond the ken of science, can be seized upon and perpetuated

* “Origin of Species,’ 6th ed., p. 9; ‘‘ Variation of Animals,” etc., Vol.

II., pp. 227-230 and 336; ‘‘ Life and Letters,’ Vol. II., p. 800. See also

the concluding part of Chap. XXV. of the “‘ Variation of Animals,”’ ete.

+ “Darwinism,’’ pp. 140, 170. Also the section on the direct action

of the environment, pp. 418—420. See likewise Note 2, p. 42, of Weismann’s

latest essay on ‘‘ Germinal Selection,’’ 1896.

{ ‘‘ Journ. Linn. Soc.,’’ Dec., 1896, Vol. XXV., p. 496.

(7 assxit 3)

by this agency when of any advantage to the possessor. The

survival of the fittest is utilitarianism in eavcelsis.’’*

In endeayouring to interpret specific characters from the

utilitarian point of view we have therefore to consider not

only the possibility of direct, but likewise the possibility of

indirect utility. If the direct and obvious utility of every diag-

nostic character be insisted upon as an essential condition of

the theory of natural selection, then we are imposing upon that

theory a burden which its founders did not and do not sane-

tion. Ifin the name of that theory we are told that all the

trivial differences of colour, pattern, marking, ete., with

which entomological systematists have made us so abun-

dantly familiar, must be assigned a direct use in the

economy of the species, then it appears to me that we are

pushing Mr. Darwin’s teaching beyond its legitimate limits,

and I for one should candidly confess that the theory had

broken down. I should be among the first to admit that

such a strain could not be borne by the doctrine, and that

an implicit faith in the direct adaptational value of every

detail would transcend the limits of legitimate scientific

faith. But it cannot fairly be urged that either Darwin

or Wallace have narrowed us down to this restricted

view. The tenour of their teaching is simply to urge

caution before deciding that such or such a character is not

of adaptational value, a caution which has surely acquired

greater and greater significance with the progress of ‘dis-

covery since the promulgation of the theory. Of all classes

of the animal kingdom, insects have furnished the most

numerous and the most striking examples of the adaptational

value of characters which, but for the light of the doctrine,

would be absolutely devoid of meaning.

* «Trans. Essex Field Club,” Vol. III., p. 81.

+ A most remarkable contribution to this phase of evolutional biology has

recently been furnished by Mr. Walter Garstang with respect to Crustacea.

See his paper ‘On the Functions of certain Diagnostic Characters of

Decapod Crustacea,” read at the last Liverpool Meeting of the British Asso-

ciation; also ‘‘Contributions to Marine Bionomics; the Habits and

Respiratory Mechanism of Corystes cassivelaunus," ‘‘ Journ. Marine Biol.

Assoc.,” Vol IV., p. 223. Mr. Garstang informs me that a more complete

paper is in course of preparation.

( Ixxii_ —)

The @ priori considerations which appear to me to justify the

belief that correlation may exist between obvious and concealed

characters, and that such correlation is therefore a worthy sub-

ject of investigation, are, in the present imperfect state of know-

ledge, necessarily of a very general character. The complexity

of the living organism regarded as a machine actively trans-

forming matter and energy, renders it almost certain that any

variation in a particular structure or function must be accom-

panied by a simultaneous modification of some other structure

or function. Moreover, since every external part of the

organism is more or less variable, it is a fair inference that

internal parts are also variable. On this point there is much

actual evidence with respect to the higher animals, but little

or nothing is known about the internal variability of the

‘lower’ animals, and this remark is particularly true with

regard to insects. Now, if internal structures are variable,

there is no reason why internal functions should not also be

variable. If, therefore, natural selection can take advantage

of variations of structure, I do not see how we can refuse to

admit that it can take advantage of variations of function

when such modifications are required in response to some

change in external conditions. It is to this point that I wish

particularly to direct attention on the present occasion, because

in view of the more obvious action of selection as an agency

capable of leading structural modifications in desired direc-

tions, it has not been sufficiently insisted upon that functional

variations must equally come under its influence. It is no

doubt due tothe circumstance that variability of function is

so very much more difficult to deal with by observational or

experimental methods than variability of structure that the

contributions of morphology to the theory of descent have

hitherto far outweighed those of physiology.

If it be admitted on such grounds as these that diagnostic

characters may not as such be of direct selection value, the

systematist will do well to pause before declaring the in-

adequacy of natural selection in any particular case. There

are many characters of direct and obvious utility, such as

those connected with the procuring of food, defence, con-

cealment, or other means of protection, secondary sexual

characters, characters for insuring specific segregation

(Wallace’s ‘‘ recognition marks”), etc. Then also there is

the possibility of functional change, such for example as the

ocellated spots on certain Sphinx larve which may have

been originally developed for terrifying enemies and after-

wards, in some species, converted into protective mark-

ings, or vice versa.* With regard to colour and pattern as

a means of recognition—I mean, of course, by the insects

themselves and not by systematists—a wide field for observa-

tional entomology has been opened up by the suggestion.

That such characters are of value for the purpose of recog-

nition would appear probable from certain well authenticated

observations which indicate a temporary failure of the pro-

cess. I refer to those cases where a male butterfly has been

seen pursuing a mimetic female of another species until he

discovered his mistake.t This seems to show that the male

is guided at first sight by visible characters.

At the risk of digressing from the main topic of my address,

I cannot avoid dwelling a little longer upon this all-important

distinction between diagnostic characters and those of utili-

tarian significance from the selectionist’s standpoint. In the

class of insects most particularly is it necessary to bear in

mind that our systematic methods are more or less artificial.

The ‘‘ species” are generally described without reference to

life-history, without a knowledge of habit, often in profound

ignorance of the function of the structural characters which

are made use of for diagnostic purposes. He must, indeed,

be a bold systematist who unhesitatingly declares that this

or that specific character must be non-significant, and therefore

cannot have been produced by natural selection. This atti-

tude has always appeared to me as much wanting in scientific

caution as that opposite and illogical rashness with which the

supporters of the theory of evolution by natural selection are

sometimes credited. It is much about the same attitude as

* Weismann’s ‘Studies in the Theory of Descent,” English Edition,

p. 365. The tailed wings and ocelli in certain species of Thecla may pos-

sibly come under this heading. See Poulton’s work on “* The Colours of

Animals,”’ p. 207.

+ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, p. 158.

( Ixxiv )

might be ascribed to a savage who, never having seen a

watch in movement, was for the first time shown the silent

mechanism, and who, in complete ignorance of its mode of

action, declared his belief that this or that wheel was useless.

Surely it is more scientific to use a reasonable hypothesis as

a weapon instigating inquiry into all possible uses of specific

characters than to put one’s own negative conclusions in the

place of positive knowledge.

To realise fully how much of importance may be dropped

out of consideration by paying exclusive attention to the

external characters of cabinet specimens, it is only necessary

to recall the numerous cases of mimicry and protective and

aggressive resemblance which are so commonly met with

among insects. I take it for granted that the characters

which contribute to these disguises are useful. If utility is

not obvious in all such instances, then nothing in the realm

of organic nature will bear the interpretation of utility.

Would any naturalist accept as an explanation of these

phenomena the statement that there existed a natural force

tending to mould organisms into a resemblance to their en-

vironment ? We might as well say that the laws of planetary

motion were brought about by the intervention of guiding

spirits, as was the belief of pre-Newtonian astronomers.

Now these adaptive and demonstrably useful characters are

surely ‘‘ specific,” whether the systematist attaches much or

little weight to them in his diagnoses. Moreover, the dis-

guise is enhanced and, in many cases, is only really effective

when combined with certain habits which are not, and cannot

be taken into consideration in ordinary diagnostic work.

Nevertheless, such habits are as truly ‘‘ specific ’’ as the form,

colour, and pattern with which they are associated. The

attitude of a stick-like Geometer larva, of a flower-like

Mantis, or of a deceptively marked spider, is as fairly

attributable to natural selection as the form, colour, and

pattern. Such habits must also be associated with specialisa-

tions of nervous function—with psychological characters which

find no expression in modern systematics.* It is obvious

* For remarks on this subject see Chap. I. of Lloyd Morgan’s recent

work on ‘‘ Habit and Instinct.”

(ox)

that diagnostic work, as at present conducted, gives us only

a restricted view of specific characters. Before pronouncing

upon the inutility of any character we should do well to bear

this fact in mind; I put forward once again a plea for

studying the action of the living machine as a whole before

we decide that any single detail of structure or function is

useless.

The correlation of habit with protective and aggressive

resemblance,* is to me one of the most striking illustrations

of the power of natural selection to utilise internal, in this

case psychological, characters.t I may remind you that on

the doctrine of the non-transmissibility of acquired charac-

ters, such habits are to be explained in the same way that we

account for useful structures, viz., by the action of selection

upon psychological congenital variations, and not by the

inheritance of a habit assumed by the individual during its

lifetime.t From this same point of view it may be remarked

in passing, that the whole subject of habit and instinct

* Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, p. 158. Also Lloyd Morgan, op. cit., p.11,

et seq.

+ This point was fully recognized by Darwin and Wallace in their original

essays in 1858 (See Poulton’s ‘‘ Charles Darwin and Natural Selection,”

pp. 78, 79).

{ I use the word ‘‘ psychological’? in the general (Spencerian) sense of

indicating nervous function. Objections as to the improbability of such com-

plex correlations having arisen through the action of natural selection

because of the chances against the necessary co-adaptation of structures and

functions ever occurring in individuals never appeared to me to be of any

weight. Underlying these objections there is the gratuitous assumption that

the different components of the complex of characters have all been developed

simultaneously. But no evolutionist of the selection school has ever asserted

that this has been the mode of development of such characters. It is more

reasonable to believe that the various components have been added suc-

cessively in the order of time during the phylogeny, and that we now behold

the summing up of the results of a long series of superimposed characters,

some external and obvious, others internal and latent, but all of use by direct

or indirect adaptation (see Wallace’s ‘‘ Darwinism,” p. 418; also the present

writer in “‘ Nature,” Vol. XLIII., pp. 410 and 557, and Vol. XLIV.,

pp. 7 and 28). The late Dr. Romanes admits that if co-adaption can be

proved to result froma blending of adaptations, the difficulty would disappear

(‘‘ Darwin and after Darwin,’’ Vol. II., p. 68). Unfortunately the element

of time interposes itself as an obstacle to the experimental investigation of

such problems; more hopeful would appear to be the study of the compara-

tiv> ontogeny in allied groups of species.

(Slxacvie”)

requires reconsideration. It is certainly with great satis-

faction that I am enabled to state that Prof. Lloyd Morgan

has recently given us in his work bearing this title a contri-

bution of a very high order of importance. The author, as

the result of carefully conducted observations on young

birds and a very complete analysis of the evidence at present

available concerning young mammals, is disposed to accept

the view of the non-transmissionist school with respect to

acquired habits. It would be impossible to give here an

adequate notion of the contents of the book; but in

view of the wonderfully fascinating problems of habit and

instinct offered by insects, I can with confidence invite the

attention of entomologists to this latest discussion of the

subject.*

The bearing of these remarks on the question before us

—the utility of specific characters—is simple enough. A

difference of habit presupposes some difference of nervous

function, which again necessarily implies some difference of

structure. Until we know the complete life-habits of species

in nature, it would be rash to state that the systematist has

not included in his diagnosis some external characters corre-

sponding with these internal differences. The probability is

that he would, perhaps unconsciously, if he knew the organ-

ism only as a museum specimen, include such characters in

his description. But the external signs of internal differences

of vital importance to the welfare of the species might be

quite trivial, and, when considered quantitatively, might be

pronounced valueless from the Darwinian point of view. Any

systematist who adopted this course would be lable to fall

into serious error. If the theory of natural selection has

taught us anything with regard to species describing, it has

brought into greater prominence than before the import-

ance of trivial differences—not as of direct selection value,

but as the outward and perhaps the only detectable sign of

* Two very interesting papers bearing on the development of the habits

of social Hymenoptera have been published during the year by Dr. Paul

Marchal, viz. : ‘La Réproduction et 1’Evolution des Guépes’’ (Arch. Zoo.

Exp. et Gén. [3] IV., 1-100) and ‘‘ Observations sur les Polistes’ (Bull. Soc.

Zoo. France. XXI., 15-21).

internal differences incapable of being estimated by our

present methods, *

From these considerations another step brings us back to

physiological correlation. If variability of nervous function

can be seized upon by natural selection, it is but reasonable

to suggest that variability of other internal functions can also

be utilised when of advantage. Of the functions discharged

by the internal organs other than the nervous system, all

those obscure chemical processes concerned with metabolism

and nutrition, waste and repair, secretion and excretion, and

so forth, must be in adjustment with the life conditions of the

organism. If species are adapted to their mode of existence,

as is admitted by all schools of evolutionists,| the selectionist

must explain the physiological adaptation in the same way

that he explains the structural adaptation, viz., by the sur-

vival of individuals whose physiological processes are best in

harmony with their mode of life. But this explanation starts

from a variability of physiological function, and here I con-

fess that systematic observation is sadly wanting. Considering,

however, how much practical difficulty surrounds the investi-

gation of the physiology of any one organ, even in the higher

animals, it is by no means surprising that the question of

functional variability of this kind should not hitherto have

received the same attention from physiologists that the more

obvious structural variability has received from the morpholo-

gists. From analogy with the known variability of structure

it is fair to infer that a physiological variability also exists,

* “What student of the animal kingdom is ignorant of the deep correla-

tion existing between seemingly immaterial outward characters and import-

ant points in internal organisation, so that artificial systems built on the

former alone nevertheless result in a grouping quite corresponding to natural

relationships? ’’—From a lecture on ‘‘ Zoology since Darwin,” by Prof.

Ludwig von Graff, ‘‘ Natural Science,’’ Vol. LX., p. 366.

+ ‘ Not only do specific forms exist in nature, but they exist in such a way

as to fit the place in Nature in which they are placed; that is to say, the

specific form which an organism has, is adapted to the position which it fills

. . . . the adaptation is not absolute.’’—Bateson’s ‘* Materials for the

Study of Variation,’? p. 3. “ Darwin's ‘survival of the fittest’ we may

alone regard as absolutely demonstrated as a real factor, without committing

ourselves as to the ‘origin of fitness.’ ’’—From the fifth (Prof. H. F. Osborn's

biological lecture, delivered at the Marine Biological Laboratory of Wood’s

Holl; Boston, 1895,

( bexyaite 9)

with the range of which we are at present ignorant. At any

rate, it appears to me inconceivable that any change of

environment requiring a modification of structure of suffi-

cient magnitude to rank as diagnostic in the systematic sense,

should not also be accompanied by a greater or less amount of

physiological readjustment.

The practical outcome of the foregoing suggestions is the

very pertinent question whether morphological are not also

physiological species, in the sense of having specific physio-

logical activit:es—if not invariably, at least in many cases.*

And out of this arises the further question whether such

physiological differences may not be correlated with external

characters which might or might not be considered of diag-

nostic value. Such characters might be non-significant from

the point of view of direct utility, but, by hypothesis, they

could never be harmful. The external and the internal

characters are alike under the control of natural selection.t

If a physiological modification is necessarily accompanied by

some harmful outward token it could never survive; but, on

the other hand, there is no reason why physiological modifi-

cations should not also be correlated with external useful

characters, in which case natural selection could take advan-

tage of them. We have here the suggestion that physio-

logical variability may be the cause of external visible

variability, and on this point entomology has much to

contribute.

* Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell has in a recent paper on ‘‘ The Bees of the

Genus Perdita, F. Smith ’’ (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jan., 1896)

come to the conclusion that “‘the essential distinctions between species are

physiological, the morphological ones being only valid for diagnostic purposes

just so far as they happen to coincide with the physiological.’’ I only came

across this statement after the above was written. J am bound to state that

the evidence does not appear to me at present to warrant such an extreme

view. ‘There must be so much in common in the physiological processes of

allied species, that well-marked physiological differences cannot, without

further evidence, be regarded as the universal characteristic of specific

differences.

+ ‘‘ With cattle, susceptibility to the attacks of flies is correlated with

colour, as is the lability to be poisoned by certain plants; so that even

colour would be thus subjected to the action of natural selection.’’

(‘‘ Origin of Species,’’ 6th ed., p. 159. Also the ‘‘ Variation of Animals and

Plants, etc.,’’ Vol. II., p. 229.)

(g dbeckes })

I will, in the first place, appeal, as I did last year in

connection with the general subject of speculation in biology,

to the green colour of leaf-feeding larve. It cannot be sup-

posed that this colour is of direct physiological use in the

same way that it is of use in the leaf. If it has any use at all,

and I think that this has been shown to be the case, it is for

the purpose of concealment. Among the first entomological

guesses I ever attempted in my younger days was the sug-

gestion that the colouring-matter of the leaf had in such eases

been utilised. That guess was converted into a demonstrable

fact by the experiments of my friend, Prof. Poulton, which

are now so well known as to require no recapitulation. But

the verification of my crude guess carries with it very wide-

reaching consequences, which bear directly upon the present

subject. If this character is of use, and is the result of the

action of natural selection, it must have arisen from physio-

logical variability, 7.e., out of generations of leaf-feeding

larve belonging to various orders of insects there have sur-

vived those groups whose digestive arrangements were capable

of allowing chlorophyll to pass in a modified form into the

blood, and so to colour the larva. <A physiological process of

a most remarkable kind has here been called into existence

because it is correlated with a useful external character.

What particular organ or organs have had their functions

modified for this purpose is a question of the greatest physio-

lozical interest, but doesnot immediately concern us now. The

fact that the colour is possessed by larvee belonging to different

orders of insects points to a community of character to start

from, and this is just what might have been anticipated with

respect to such fundamental functions as those of a physio-

logical nature. On the other hand, it may be necessary to

point out that chlorophyll does not furnish the only road to

green coloration in animals, because there are many green

species in which this substance cannot have been utilised in

the way that has been indicated.

From community of internal function, such as may fairly

be regarded as the characteristic of physiological processes,

it is not a very rash jump to the suggestion that all or many

of those causes or species transformation which have been

(\ ‘Vxacx |)

grouped under the headings climate and food, direct action

of the environment and so forth, may be of the nature of

physiological adaptations correlated with external significant

or non-significant characters. Certainly where colour as the

result of pigmentation comes into question, such a view

seems unavoidable. Of all the characters which appeal to

the eye of the systematist, colour, when due to pigment, is

one of the most obvious products of physiological activity.

In harmony with this view is the fact that where colour

variability exists—and there is no character more obyiously

variable—it is generally pigment colours that are concerned,

and not those due to physical structure such as striation or

lamination. Moreover, the observations of Mr. Gowland

Hopkins, to which I referred last year, and which have now

been published in extenso in the “‘ Philosophical Transactions ”’

of the Royal Society,* show how an excretory product, uric

acid, can be utilised in the production of colour and pattern.

IT say ‘‘utilised’’ advisedly, because uric acid itself is colourless,

but can give rise to coloured products by chemical trans-

formation. In the case of mimetic Pierids, some of which

have been examined by Mr. Hopkins, the coloured derivatives

of uric acid are of direct use because they contribute to the

disguise. Therefore, it may be said that natural selection

has here made use of physiological variability by picking out

individuals whose uric acid transforming powers were capable

of being exerted in a particular manner, é.e., those individuals

having an advantage in the way of approximating to the

model in colour and pattern. And what is true of uric acid

must be true of all other physiological products, whether they

are utilised for the production of colour and pattern or for

any other purpose. Thus the secretions employed for

defensive purposes, such as the formic acid of the larva of

Dicranura vinula,t the butyric acid of Carabide,} ete., may

fairly be ranked with those characters which, like adaptive

colouring, have an obvious use. If this be admitted we claim

* Vol. 186, 1895, B., pp. 661-682.

+ Poulton, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1886, p. 157: ‘The Colours of Animals,’’

p. 274.

t Pelouze, Jahresbericht iber die Fortschritte der Chemie, 1856, p. 716. /

(Oo ilbcxsis)

these products and the mechanism which produces them as

the result of natural selection acting upon physiological

variability as a basis. Whether these defensive secretions

have been directly developed for that particular purpose, or

whether, as appears more probable, a waste-product of

metabolism has been utilised, is at present an open question,

but the main contention that physiological processes can be

brought under the influence of natural selection is not

thereby influenced.

Incases such as have now been considered there are outward,

visible, and therefore ‘ specific ’ characters in the systematic

sense, such as colour, the formic acid gland, ete., which may

be regarded as the correlates of special physiological pro-

cesses. But if external characters such as these, which are

significant, can be legitimately correlated with special physio-

logical activities, is it not reasonable to suspect that there

may exist in any species special physiological activities which

are equally correlated with external non-significant characters

which have been allowed to persist simply because they are

indifferent ? It seems to me that such a suspicion would be

well founded. It is not going too far to say that the pigment

colours of organisms generally are due to their special phy-

siological activities, and any modification of these activities

would result ina modification of colour. Now, those external

conditions classed under the action of food and climate, etce.,

are just those conditions which might be expected to affect

physiological processes. If these processes are thus affected,

a local race, or ‘‘ geographical species,’ or, as far as we

know, a permanent species, might be produced by a true pro-

cess of physiological selection—not in the sense used by the

late Dr. Romanes—but by the ordinary operation of natural

selection. The suggestion is, I venture to think, worthy of

serious consideration. The mode of action may be rendered

more explicit by an example.

Supposing a butterfly physiologically susceptible to climate,

i.e., a Species whose special vital chemical processes are upset

in the pupal state by change of temperature, degree of

humidity, etc., ranges into new districts, or experiences a

change of climate in its own region. Since no two indi-

(Mrsecit ,))

viduals can be expected to be influenced by external conditions

in precisely the same way, there would at first arise a fluc-

tuating and undirected variability, representing physiological

modifications, of which some would be better adapted to the

changed conditions than others. Those individuals whose

physiological processes were best suited to the new conditions

would survive and gradually supplant the less suited indi-

viduals in the usual way. This might be called natural

physiological selection. With this change there would occur

a simultaneous change of external correlates—the outward

manifestation of the internal readjustment; the undirected

variability would become more definite, and, finally, the

species would become transformed by a process which at first

sight might appear to be simply climatic, but which in reality

would have been brought about by the displacement of the

physiologically unfit. Or, again, a species might experience

periodic climatic change in its own region, and require periodic

physiological readjustment. Of all the functions of an organ-

ism, those classed as physiological are probably the most

elastic—the most susceptible of meeting new conditions. In

insects undergoing complete metamorphosis, the pupal period

of histolysis and histogenesis is no doubt as critical physio-

logically as it is morphologically. But an exaggerated

physiological elasticity is required to meet some kinds of

periodic change, such as that of the seasons, and it is worth

considering the whole phenomenon of seasonal dimorphism

from this point of view. Is it not that the two seasonal forms

represent different physiological forms, the special activities

being adjusted to differences of temperature, amount of

moisture, etc.? May it not be that the selection of individual

physiological adaptability has brought about this result? If

these questions can be answered in the affirmative, then the

experiments of Dorfmeister, Weismann, Edwards, Merrifield,

Fischer, Standfuss, and others, simply mean that these

observers have produced, by the action of temperature, an

effect upon pupe which by natural selection have been

rendered adaptable* to changes of temperature, and that the

* This remark, of course, only applies to species which have become

seasonally dimorphic, and of such species only to those in which the two

@alkxxxiley))

effect thus produced upon the pupal physiology finds visible

expression in the colour and form of the imago. I may

call attention, in connection with this point, to a very valu-

able contribution to the physiology of wing pigments in

Lepidoptera, by Mr. A. G. Mayer, who has recently shown

that the pigments of the scales are derived from the blood

(hemolymph) of the pupa.* If, therefore, any systematist

asks of what use it can be to a butterfly or moth to have a

winter form of a different size, colour, and pattern to the

summer form, an answer might be suggested on the above

grounds. And if, further, the adaptability of the pupal physio-

logy makes itself manifest in this way in the imago, why

should we not regard permanent climatic change as a pos-

sible cause of species transformation through this same

process of physiological adaptation ? +

The question of the utility of specific characters in the

form that it has assumed of late years, appears to me to be

forms are not modified for direct protective purposes (Weismann’s ‘‘ direct

seasonal dimorpbism’’; see this author's ‘‘New Experiments on the

Seasonal Dimorphism of Lepidoptera,’ Eng. Ed. from ‘‘ Entomologist,’’

eos mee «Seq. When temperature changes induce modification in

species which are not ordinarily seasonally dimorphic, then the influence

may be ascribed either to reversion or to ** direct action ’’ on physiological

function. But the latter could not (on Weismannian principles) give rise to

permanent seasonal dimorphism (it required by the species) unless the

physiological modification corresponded with some increased fitness for a

higher or lower temperature, in which case selection would act in the usual

way. Perhaps this is what Standfuss had in mind when he says :—‘t These

experiments give rise to phylogenetic forms; forms, that is, which are no-

where to be found on the earth at the present day within the compass of the

species, but which may either have existed in past epochs, or may, perhaps,

be destined to arise in future ”’ (‘‘ Entomologist,’? May, 1895, p. 146). In

other words, the physiological disturbance induced by temperature change

produces results in the imago which may furnish the raw material for a visible

seasonal dimorphism in the future or which have already been made use of

for this purpose in the past, the los5 character reappearing when the physio-

logical processes are submitted to the same influence as that under which

they were developed.

* “Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo. Harvard Coll.,’’ Vol. XXIX., pp. 211—236,

No. 5, June, 1896.

+ After the above was in type I was made aware by Mr. J. W. Tutt, that

he had stated similar views befure the City of London Entomological Society

on Dee. Ist, 1896. I was, of course, ignorant of this at the time of writing,

and I am indebted to Mr. Tutt for forwarding me advanced proofs of his

address. Itis to me interesting to find that we have arrived by different

roads at somewhat similar conclusions.

( Texxaiy)

the result of an attempt to force upon the theory of natural

selection a narrow and rigid interpretation which is not

warranted. When we hear that such or such diagnostic

characters are too trivial to be explained on the Darwin-

Wallace principles, there is underlying such criticism the

quite gratuitous assumption that every external character

must be in direct and obvious relationship with some

external condition of life—that there must be some mani-

fest adaptation, such as that between a key and its lock.

My object in this address is simply to plead for a relaxation

of this rigid interpretation of the term ‘ utility.” The

theory has always been conceived by me to be not only a theory

of obvious adaptations, but also a theory of latent adapta-

tions. Itis not only a theory of obvious and latent adap-

tations, but it is also a theory of obvious and latent

adaptability. All those cases of variable protective colour-

ing which entomological observation has brought to light,

such as the colour adaptability of larve and pup, may

be referred to physiological correlation. The adaptability is

manifest to us only through its visible token of colour; of

the nature of the physiological processes which have been

utilised by natural selection we are as yet ignorant.

Poulton’s researches have brought us many steps nearer to

the intermediate mechanism, but there is yet a long road to

traverse before the mode of action of the external stimulus

(in this case light) upon the physiological processes can be

rendered apparent.* All that is now claimed is an extension

of the principle of physiological adaptability from obviously

significant characters to those which may be functionless

from the point of view of direct utility, but which may,

nevertheless, be of supreme importance when regarded as

physiological correlates. If such characters are sufficiently

constant in the assemblage of individuals constituting a

* In interpreting results of this kind by the selection theory, it may be

advisable to point out once again, that ‘‘ co-adaption” offers no fatal

objection. It is not necessary to suppose that a complex colour-adaptability

was developed all at once. There may first have arisen a responsive power

of change towards one colour, and then at a later period a similar power for

another colour, and so on until, in the most highly perfected species, all

possible natural contingencies were provided for.

( lxxxv )

species to take diagnostic rank, then the systematist may

pursue his labours with renewed zest, inspired by the idea

that there is something more underlying his studies than the

association of a name with a ‘‘ type.”

How far the principle of physiological correlation will

enable us to explain trivial and non-significant characters

I will not pretend to say. I merely formulate the sugges-

tion in order to prompt observation and experiment, and I

ask systematists to allow that indirect utility of this kind

may have to be reckoned with. In the interpretation of

diagnostic characters we have to consider that some are

obviously useful now, that others may be ancestral, that

others are obvious correlates, that others, again, must have

some direct use of which we are ignorant, and that a residue

of inexplicable characters may exist of which some are the

correlates of latent specific characters. Considering the

small amount of progress that has been made in the physio-

logy of the lower classes of animals, it is not surprising that

I should have been unable to draw largely upon entomo-

logical examples. It is certainly to me a matter of wonder

that the species question should not have been handled to

a greater extent by professed physiologists. Most cordially

can I endorse the recent utterance of Prof. Ludwig von

Graff :—

‘‘ Looking back, we see how in all the chief branches of

zoological science the theory of descent newly formulated by

Darwin has become the motive of a thoroughness in research

not found in any earlier period. It is characterised by the

preponderance of the morphological interest, which has led to

such a one-sided neglect of physiology, that to-day, when the

development of morphology forces the formulation of questions

whose answers experiment alone can supply, neither the

methods of work nor the worker himself are at hand to solve

them.’’*

Although in the absence of a sufficient body of definite

experimental evidence physiological correlation can only be

regarded as a hypothetical factor in the production of specific

characters, it has appeared to me sufficiently plausible as a

* “ Natural Science,’ Vol. IX., p. 368.

@ ixxxw )

speculation to formulate the idea into a working hypothesis

worthy of the attention both of systematists and of physiolo-

gists. One of the most promising lines of advancement in the

future is in that field where these two classes of workers will

co-operate. A large amount of observation is on record which

will bear interpretation by this hypothesis, but much of it

requires confirmation, and allis more or less indefinite. Whole

chapters of facts which have been accumulated by writers on

evolution since Darwin’s time might profitably be recon-

structed from this point of view. The nearest approach to

the systematic treatment of physiological correlation that I

am acquainted with is to be found in H. de Varigny’s

little work on ‘“ Experimental Evolution,’* but even this

author does not make any attempt to co-ordinate his results

in the light of the selection theory.

The experimental and observational verification of the

hypothesis is obviously surrounded by immense practical

difficulties—the difficulties naturally arising from the com-

plexity of the phenomena presented by living organisms, the

imperfection of our resources, the obstacles in the way of

disentangling one particular factor out of a multitude, and so

forth. None the less does it appear to me of the greatest

importance that the problem should be seriously attacked by

any and every means in our power.t The facts themselves are

* Lectures delivered in the University Hall, Edinburgh, 1891. ‘‘ Nature

Series,” 1892. Many of the observations in Prof. Karl Semper’s work on

sidered in connection with physiological correlation, as well as certain

chapters in Eimer’s ‘‘ Organic Evolution,’? Cunningham’s Translation.

+ Prof. H. F. Osborn, in the lecture referred to, argues in favour of new

and unknown factors in organic evolution on the ground that the old factors

areinadequate. He says (loc. cit., p. 82) :—‘' We are far from finally testing

or dismissing these old factors, but the reaction from speculation upon them

is in itself a silent admission that we may reach out for some unknown

quantity. If such does exist there is little hope that we shall discover it except

by the most laborious research; and while we may predict that conclusive

evidence of its existence will be found in morphology, it is safe to add that

the fortunate discoverer will be a physiologist.’? The only point on which I

should differ from my friend, Prof. Osborn, is that the ‘‘ unknown quantity ”’

should necessarily be outside the pale of Darwinism. Physiological charac-

ters must be as subject to natural selection as morphological characters ;

physiological fitness must be as important an element in determining survival

as morphological fitness.

@ tiexxvay )

most difficult to ascertain, and when ascertained most difficult

to interpret. Consider, for example, the case already alluded

to, the relative immunity of dark-skinned races from malarial

fever, which fact was made the basis of a restricted theory of

natural selection by Dr. Wells, in 18138. The most reason-

able interpretation that can be placed upon this observation is

that the dark-skinned races have already undergone the

action of natural selection by the elimination of those indi-

viduals most sensitive to the attack of particular micro-

organisms. There has thus arisen a race less liable to

malarial fever than the white races which have not been for

so long subjected to this selective process. Since the dark

races come from regions where malarial fever is most preva-

lent and fatal, dark pigmented skin has become associated

with immunity from this class of diseases. The immediate

cause of the immunity, whether, as suggested by Prof. Ray

Lankester, ‘‘ a certain germ-slaying quality in the phagocytes,”’

or any other quality of the blood, is physiological, and natural

selection may therefore be considered to have acted in this

case by taking advantage of physiological variability. But

the difficulty of interpretation will appear when it is called to

mind that selection may have had in this instance a dark-

skinned race to deal with from the very beginning, so that

there may be no necessary correlation between the colour and

the power of resisting fever germs. The dark colour of the

skin may be a concomitant and not a correlate of the germ-

slaying faculty in the blood. Thus in all such cases the first

thing to be settled is whether a particular external character

is a true correlate or only an accidental concomitant of cer-

tain internal physiological characters.

With respect to the action of food, a certain number of

instances have been recorded which appear to indicate that

colour, at any rate, may in certain cases be influenced by this

means.* The evidence, on the whole, is not very satisfactory. +

* De Varigny, op. cit., p. 57; Romanes, “‘ Darwin and after Darwin,”

Vol. II., p. 217; Beddard, ‘‘ Animal Coloration,” p. 48; Eimer, ** Organic

Evolution,’’ Cunningham’s Translation, pp. 147, et seq.

+ Semper, op. cit., p. 69. Among recent workers at this subject,

Dr. Standfuss, after many experiments, obtained only negative results (see

( hesxyur =)

I personally have always felt anxious to obtain confirmation

of that oft-quoted instance communicated to Darwin by

Moritz Wagner, according to which a Texan species of

Saturnia transported to Switzerland became transformed by

feeding the larve on Juglans regia instead of J. nigra. But

if food can modify an organism —and all the evidence on this

point cannot be swept aside—consider the difficulties of inter-

pretation. In the first place, we must be sure that it is the

food material as such which induces the change, and not

some other concomitant external change which had not been

taken into account. In the next place, the food-stuff itself

may act directly as a disturber of physiological processes, and

so affect external characters with which the processes are

correlated. But an action of this kind could, on Weisman-

nian principles, produce only a temporary local race which

would revert as soon as the source of disturbance was

removed. How many systematists have applied a test of this

kind to ascertain whether a named ‘type ’’ represents a per-

manent species? Then, again, a species might be physio-

logically susceptible to the influence of food through having

been compelled by stress of circumstances to adapt itself to

changes of diet. Such individual adaptability could be con-

ferred by natural selection by the picking out of those indi-

viduals whose capabilities of assimilation were congenitally

the more elastic. It is not unreasonable to suppose, for

the translation of his paper by Dr. Dixey, in the ‘‘ Entomologist ’’ for March,

1895, p. 75). Mr. F. W. Merrifield informs me that his own experience is in

accordance with this, 7.e., so far as concerns Lepidoptera the nature of

the larval food does not appear to influence the character of the

imago, excepting in so far as it affects vigour, and ‘‘that vigour affects

colouring in the way of rendering it more vivid, and, where there are several

colours, in rendering the contrasts between them more striking. Where this

is the case it is always or usually associated with greater size or robust-

ness.’’ This may be translated into the statement that certain kinds of food

stimulate all the physiological functions. Mr. Beddard states that the tiger-

moth (Chelonia caja) is ‘‘ almost the classical instance of the effects of

food upon colour” (‘‘ Animal Coloration,”’ p. 52). If this be so—and it is

certainly not in accordance with my experience—it is remarkable that

varieties should be so rare, in view of the fact that the larva feeds on such a

number of different plants. Moreover, when well-marked aberrations

occur, they appear generally singly out of a whole brood fed on the same

plant.

(@e beexix )

example, that the success of polyphagic species, such as the

species of Hybernia, etc., is attributable to this kind of

adaptability to various distinct kinds of foliage. If, more-

over, this adaptability corresponded with a visible effect upon

the colour or form of any subsequent stage, we should have a

character which might be considered of diagnostic value, and

which might be erroneously quoted as another example of

the inutility of specific characters. There is also the possi-

bility that the action of the food may be only apparent and

not real, resulting in fact from the indirect action of the

colour of the surroundings upon the physiology of the indi-

vidual (Poulton’s factor).

Finally, the action of other external agencies may, as

already indicated, be referred to physiological adaptation of

the species as a whole, or to individual physiological adapta-

bility. These two modes of action must be disentangled, and

systematically conducted experimental observations alone will

enable us to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion. If a species

requiring concealment under variable external conditions

acquires a power of individual adaptability by any physio-

logical mechanism whatever, the stimulus under which that

adjustability was first produced by natural selection will

always tend to produce the necessary colour change, even

when the individual is removed from its surroundings, by

virtue of the conservative tendency of heredity. It inherits a

power of responding to light, heat, ete. Natural selection does

not concern itself with physiological mechanisms as such ; it

utilises their effects whether obvious or latent. The problem

before us is to determine whether any, and if so, which of the

‘« specific’ characters are physiological correlates. If, as the

experiments of Vulpian and Monnier, quoted by De Varigny,

seem to show,* the two allied frogs, Rana esculenta and

R. temporaria, differ to such an extent in their physiological

characters as to react in quite different ways to the same

poison, who can say that some of the diagnostic characters of

these species are not the correlates of the physiological differ-

ences? These and whole groups of similar cases are await-

* Op, ctt., p. 130, et seq.

( xe)

ing investigation by the only legitimate method, viz., by

experiment and observation. If, owing to the community of

the physiological activities of different species not very closely

related from the systematic point of view, a physiological

variability gives rise to the appearance of the same type of

variation (Darwin’s ‘‘ parallel or analogous variation ’’), such,

for example, as melanism, or a darker suffusion of pigment,

it is quite intelligible that such a type of variation, if of use,

would be seized upon and perpetuated by natural selection.

Thus, in accordance with Lord Walsingham’s ingenious

theory of the dark forms of Lepidoptera from high latitudes,

an advantage is conferred upon such forms by their superior

absorbing power for solar radiation. Natural selection has

here again utilised physiological variability ; it happens that

it is a variability of a type common to widely divergent forms,

by virtue of its being connected with internal processes which

are common to such divergentforms, The result is that

different species of butterflies and moths are alike affected,

not by the direct action of low temperature, but by the selec-

tion of darker forms—by the survival of certain special types

of physiological activity. But if divergent forms can be made

by such means to display a similarity in external useful

characters, it is conceivable that a similarity of external non-

significant characters may also result in groups of different

species by the selection of the physiologically fit—the adapta-

tion in such cases having reference to latent characters. In

this light “the direct action of the environment ’’ disappears

as a distinct factor of organic development.

The bearings of the suggestion which I have attempted to

put into a somewhat more definite form in this address will,

I hope, be perceived by practical workers. It will be realised

perhaps more clearly that there is a very human element in

the term ‘specific character,” and that the differential

characters which the systematist has learnt to detect with

such consummate skill bear no proportional relationship to the

actual differences between the forms described. It will also

appear that physical external conditions, as factors in the

(4 Xcine )

transformation of species, may require raising into greater

prominence than they have hitherto occupied. ‘he fact that

the struggle for life is not only between living forms but also

between the organism and its physical environment was

clearly enough perceived by the founders of the theory of

natural selection, although they attributed greater weight to

the former; the tendency of my remarks is simply to give

renewed emphasis to the action of the physical as distinguished

from the organic environment. In contemplating the fact

that only a small number of the whole offspring reach maturity,

we must bear in mind the possibility of physiological unfitness

being a cause of elimination.*

Iam most anxious to avoid the appearance of founding a

new sect, and I again remind you, in concluding, that I am

not laying down any new law; neither do I assert that

physiological correlation is a proved factor, It is my

object simply to suggest that such a factor may _ pro-

fitably form the subject of experimental investigation.

Until we are enabled to penetrate further into the latent

mysteries of the living organism and the relationship between

its inner activities and the external conditions of its existence,

it appears to me that discussions as to which out of a group

of correlated characters, some obvious and others latent, is to

be regarded as the cause of its survival are likely to prove

barren. If, on the other hand, my remarks do but prompt

further inquiry into the subject of physiological variability—

if they only bring about a closer rapprochement between

* The problem as it presents itself for investigation may be put in other

words thus:—Supposing all the offspring of one pair to be kept under

identical physical conditions, supplied with plenty of food, and removed

from all competition with other forms of life, would all the individuals

reach maturity and, if not, what influence would determine which should

survive and which succumb? It seems but reasonable to suppose that

physiological unfitness for those particular physical conditions would be one

important factor in determining survival. In any experiments undertaken

in this direction the possible selecting action of micro-organisms must be

taken into consideration. It is generally believed, for instance, as the result

of Pasteur’s investigations, that the larvee of Bombyx mort which spin

white silk are less liable to the attack of fungoil disease than those which

spin yellow cocoons. If this be the case the colour of the silk is a correlate

of some constitutional or physiological character of the larva.

systematists and physiologists—they will not have been made

in vain. I cannot but feel the great imperfection of my plea,

but if I have been unable to offer a more substantial

contribution you must attribute my shortcomings to want

of time for working at any special branch of entomology.

The little part that I have endeavoured to play has always

been to help, Iam afraid by somewhat disjointed efforts, in

overthrowing that threatening notice of “no thoroughfare ”’

which was at one time interposed in the path of speculation

in our department of zoological science. The labours of those

who have entered our domain by this path have encouraged

and confirmed me in the belief that such efforts have not been

altogether devoid of value.

OBITUARY.

Artaur Srpney Onur, F.E.S.—Although Mr. Olliff died

in December, 1895, the news of his death did not reach

England until after my last address. I therefore think it

necessary to refer to him at the present time. He died at

Sydney, N. 8. W., on December 29th, 1895. He was the

only son of Mr. §. J. Olliff, of Hornsey, London, and was

born in 1865, being just over thirty years of age when he

died. He was first employed in the office of the late Mr.

KE. W. Janson, and afterwards obtained a post at the British .

Museum ; subsequently he was curator and private secre-

tary to Lord Walsingham. In December, 1884, he left

Kingland, having obtained a position in the Australian

Museum at Sydney. In 1890 he was appointed Govern-

ment Entomologist in connection with the Agricultural

Department of New South Wales. He recently published

an important official pamphlet of fifteen pages with four

plates, on the so-called ‘‘ vegetable caterpillars,’ under the

title ‘‘ Australian Kntomophytes.’’ He joined the Entomo-

logical Society of London in 1886.

Epwarp Armitace, R.A., F'.K.8., died at Tunbridge Wells,

on Sunday the 24th of May last, from apoplexy and ex-

(| xeili )

haustion following pneumonia, after having been ill for about

three weeks. Mr. Armitage was born in London in 1817, so

that he had but just completed his 79th year. Educated

principally in France and Germany in 1837, he entered

the studio of Paul Delaroche in Paris, and was elected by

that artist to assist him in a decoration he was then engaged

upon at the School of Fine Arts. At Paris Mr. Armitage

exhibited his first independent work, ‘‘ Prometheus Bound,”

and subsequently gained a first class prize of £300 in the

Cartoon Exhibition at Westminster Hall, for his ‘‘ Landing

of Julius Cesar in Britain.” After a year’s study at Rome

he returned to England and exhibited his first pictures at

the Royal Academy, in 1848, ‘‘Henry the Eighth and

Katherine Parr’? and ‘‘ The Death of Nelson’; and to the

annual exhibitions of that body he had, until a year or two

ago, been a constant contributor. I am not aware that he

ever published any papers on entomological subjects, but he

possessed a collection of exotic Coleoptera, and, moreover, he

was one of the oldest Fellows of the Entomological Society

of London, haying been elected in 1856. Some years ago he

exhibited at the Royal Academy a picture of a ‘“ Sale of an

Insect Collection at Stevens’s Great Rooms.”

Peter Incupatp, F.L.8., F.E.S.—This well-known York-

shire naturalist died at Hornsea, Yorkshire, on 138th June

last, in his 82nd year. He joined the Entomological Society

in 1880.

Miss Gerorcrana EinizasetrH Ormerop, F.E.S., died at

St. Albans, Herts, on August 19th, aged 73. She was a

daughter of the late Dr. George Ormerod, and a sister of

Miss Eleanor A. Ormerod, so well known as a writer on

economic entomology. She was an accomplished artist.

Miss G. E. Ormerod was elected a Member of the Entomo-

logical Society of London in 1880.

Aueuste Satut, F.E.S.—This well-known French entomo-

logist died at his residence in Paris, on May 5th, in his 76th

year. M. Sallé travelled much in the Southern States, the

West Indies, Central America and Venezuela, making collec-

tions in all branches of entomology. On his return he estab-

lished himself as a Natural History Agent in Paris. He

€ xciv’ )

several times took temporary charge of important collec-

tions; the rich collection of Baron de Chaudoir was, it is

said, in his house during the siege of Paris, in 1871. His

Central American collections were purchased by Messrs.

Godman and Salvin, and formed part of the materials for the

‘‘ Biologia Centrali Americana.’’ Most of his papers were

published in the ‘* Annales de la Soc. Ent. de France,’ of which

Society he was elected a Member in 1852. He joined the

Entomological Society of London in 1875. Sallé was ex-

tremely genial and courteous in his manners.

Artur Dowsert, F.Z.S., F E.S., died at Reading, on

the 6th November last. He was formerly in business in

Brighton as a dispensing chemist, and on retirement from

business went to reside at Reading. He was one of the

founders of the Reading Natural History Society, and had

occupied the position of President of the Society since 1884.

Mr. Dowsett possessed large collections of birds and insects.

Beyond a few notes in the ‘‘Proceedings of the Brighton

and Sussex Natural History Society,’ and in the ‘‘ Kntomo-

logist,” I am not aware that he published anything on the

subject of entomology. He joined the Entomological Society

in 1874, and the Zoological Society in 1876.

Amongst the names of other entomologists, not Fellows of

the Society, who have died during the year, the following

deserve mention :—

Jutius Fronr.—This well-known Coleopterist died in

Vera Cruz, Mexico, on February 8th, after a few weeks’

illness. He was born at Hamburgh in 1837. He was

educated in his native city, and from his boyhood took

an interest in Coleoptera. After several years’ residence

in England he went to Mexico in 1859, and entered a

banking-house in which he subsequently became a partner.

In 1877 he retired from business, and from that period

to the time of his death he devoted his attention to the

investigation of the Coleopterous fauna of Mexico. To him

we are largely indebted for a knowledge of the Coleoptera of

that country. He was always ready to assist the contributors

to the ‘‘ Biologia Centrali Americana’’ by working up

neglected groups. From time to time he visited England,

Cxcw -)

and made the acquaintance of Bates and many of the other

leading entomologists. One or two papers on Mexican

Coleoptera were contributed by him to German periodicals.

JosEPH CHAPPELL.—Joseph Chappell died on October 8rd

last in Manchester, in his 67th year. By his death Lan-

cashire has lost a fine example of its many working-men

naturalists. For upwards of forty years he collected, studied,

and observed the insects of the Manchester district. He ren-

dered valuable assistance to Dr. Ellis in his ‘‘ Catalogue of

the Lepidoptera of Lancashire and Cheshire,” and he also

helped Canon Fowler in his ‘‘ Coleoptera of Great Britain and

Treland.’’ He discovered Lymeaylon navale in Durham Park.

He worked out the life-history of Sesia culiciformis on Chat Moss,

and was the first to detect T'apinostola elymi as a British insect.

During the Jubilee Exhibition at Old Trafford he was in

charge of the exhibition of living silkworm moths. Mr

Chappell was an Honorary Member of the Lancashire and

Cheshire Entomological Society. His extensive collections

were recently purchased by Mr. C. H. Schill.

Dr. F. F. Morawrrz, who died at St. Petersburg on the 17th

ult., was, I believe, the founder of the Russian Entomological

Society. He was born at St. Petersburg, of Silesian parents,

on August 8rd, 1827. He studied at the University of

Dorpat, became physician at the Empress Marie Institute,

and at various times travelled all over Europe. Twice he

joined scientific expeditions to the Caucasus. He is said to

have possessed one of the finest insect collections in the world.

( “xeviy )

PN Ditoxs

Notr.—Where the name only of the Species or Genus is mentioned, the

description will be found on the page referred to.

The Arabic figures refer to the pages of the ‘ Transactions’; the Roman

numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings.’

The New Genera and Species, and those which have been redascribed, will

be found in detail, but certain of the longer papers are arranged generi-

cally under their headings.

Page | Page

GENERAL SUBJECTS ......... xevi FLY MENOPTE RIA. csesacoaesseecees civ

COLEOPTERA geroccsec-esternces X¢Vil IGEPIDOPTER A receceee: caeteee Civ

ID EPTER AD hose sce enero eee c INEGROPTERAG ceesccsccceas-eee- cv

ED MITPT RAGE. cereceeoemeeece ee civ ORTHOPT PRA sesceseeesscesee ee evi

———————=

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Annual Meeting, lviii.

Acridiid, on the Courtship of certain European species of, xxiii.

Antherea mylitta, pup of, notes on, ii.

A discussion as to the best means of preventing the destruction of certain

British butterflies, xxix.

Cenonympha iphis and C. satyrion, on the specific identity of, xlii.

Diptera, notes on flower-haunting, x.

Dytiscus, notes on dimorphic forms of, xxi.

CGonepteryx rhamni and Vanessa atalanta, temperature experiments on, xxv.

Insects, photography of, xxii.

Lastocampa rubi, inflammation of the eyes caused by the hairs of the lirva

of, iii.

Lepidoptera, use of generic terms in, xxviii.

Locustidx, eggs of, xix.

Melampias, notes on species of, xlix.

Micropteryx, notes on, xvii.

New Forest, trees in, denuded of foliage by moths, xxxvii.

Nomenclature of the Geometridz, on the, x.

Notonecta glauca, oviposition of, xxvii.

(Kcophylla smaragdina, notes on the habits of, ix.

On the relation of mimetic patterns to the original form, iv.

President’s Address, Ixii.

Retinia resinana, cells of, viii.

Tephrosia bistortata (crepuscularia) and biundularia, notes on, xl., liii.

Tropical American butterflies, Homcochromatie groups of, xxxviii.

Tsetse fly, notes on, xlii.

( xevii )

COLEOPTERA.

Acastus, n. g., 177. A. agrestis, n. s., 178.—impressicollis, n. s., 179.—

rusticus, u. s., 178.—segnis, n. s., 178.

Acropteron quadraticolle, n. s., 29.

Adoretus melanoleucus, n. s., 161.

Amara famelica, from Woking, exhibited, xxv.

Anviantus costatus, 168.—globulipennis, n. s., 167.—octocostatus, n. s., 167.

—mashunus, un. s., 167.

Anedus quadrinotatus, n. s., 26.

Anomala pinguis, n. s., 161.

Anomaliplus (Acm:eus) marshalli, n. s., 170.—plebeius, n. s., 169.—podag-

ricus, n. s., 168.—proxinvus, 169.—segnis, n. s., 178.

Anthicus grenadensis, n, s., 48.—sulcipennis, n. s., 46.

Apoderus geitilis, n. s., 189.

Arrhabeus debilis, n. s., 20.

Arrhenoplita suilla, n.s., 11.

Asphalmus, n. g., 94. A. japonicus, n. s., £5.

Asyleptus,n. g,, 179. A. funosus, n. s., 179.

Attelabus carneolus, n. s., 188. .

Blapida castaneipennis, n. 8., 28.

Blosyrus japonicus, n. s., 88.

Bolboceras panza, n. s., 159.

Brachycerus divergens, 187.—effertus, n. s., 188.—indutus, n. s., 187.

Brimus pascoei, n. s., 180.

Byzacnus capensis, n. s., 171.

Callidium variabile, from Blenheim, exhibited, xxxviil.

Catapionus obscurus, n. s., 90.

Ceroplesis fallax, n. s., 183.—manicana, n. s., 183.

Cetonia aspersa, n. s., 163.—nigropunctulata, n. s., 163.

Chlorophanus grandis, var. lugubris and metallicus, 111.—planus, n. s.,

iia

Cimbus viridanus, n. s., 185.

Conalia fulvoplagiata, un. s., 50.

Copidita costata, n. s., 40.—frovtalis, n.s., 42.—grenadensis, n. s., 42.—

quadrilineata, n. s., 42.

Crossotarsus cavifrons, n. s., 192.

Cryptarthrum, n. g., 200. C. walkeri, n. s., 200.

Crypticus undatus, n. s., 5.

Ctesicles, n. g., 7. C. insularis, n. s., 7.—maritimus, n. s., 8.

Cyrtotriche rikatle,n. s., 172.

Diallobius, n. g., 104 D. inornatus, n.s., 104.—mundus, n. s., 104.—

lewist, n. s., 105.

Dryocetes gravidus, n. s., 206.—rugatus, n. s., 204.—sumatranus, n. s.,

205.—taprobanus, n. s., 203.

Dytiscus latissimus, exhibited, viii.

Eburia quadrinotata, from Eeuador, exhibited, xxv.

Emus hirtus, from Kent, exhibited, xxxix.

Episomus mundus, n. s., 93.

Epitragus eraratus, n. s., 2.

( xviii)

Eumyllocerus, n. g., 109. EH. gratiosus, n. s., 109.

Euretus, n. g., 186. EH. aurivillii, n. g., 186.

Goliathus russus, exhibited, iii.

Helicopris selousi, n. s., 153.

Heteromerous Coleoptera, changes in nomenclature in certain species of, 447.

Heteromerous Coleoptera of St. Vincent, Grenada, and tbe Grenadines ;

species belonging to the following families and genera described and

alluded to {G. OU. Champion): — Acropteron, 29.—Alegoria, 21.—

Alphitobius, 24.—Anzedus, 26.—Anthicide, 45.—Anthicus, 46.—

Arrhabeus, 20.—Arrhenoplita, 11.—Blapida, 28.—Cantharide, 52.—

Cistellide, 33.—Conalia, 49.—Copidita, 40.—Crypticus, 5.—Ctesicles,

n. g., 7.—Cyrtosoma, 28.—Doliema, 25.—Echocerus, 18.—Epitragus, 2.

~—Horia, 52.—Iccius, 18.—Lagriidx, 36.—-Lobopoda, 33.—Lorelopsis,

n. g., 15.—Lorelus, 14.—Lystronychus, 34.—Macratria, n. g., 16.—

Macrosiagon, 51.—Menimopsis, nu. g., 16.—Mentes, 30.—Mordella, 48.—

Mordellide, 48.—Mordellistena, 50.—Myodes, 51.—Hdemeride, 39.—

Opatrinus, 6.—Ovxacis, 39.—Ozolais, 10.—Paratenetus, 27.—Phaleria,

9.—Pythidx, 38.—Rhipidophoridx, 51.—Rhipidophorus, 51.—Scaptes,

9.—Schenicus, 4.—Sosthenes, 83 —Statira, 36.—Talanus, 19.—Tene-

brionide, 2.—Tetraonyx, 53.—Tribolium, 19.—Uloma, 21.-—Xylophi-

lidx#, 43.—Xylophilus, 43.—Zonitis, 53.—Zophobas, 25.

Hylesinus despectus, alluded to, 197.—wallacei, n. s., 197.

fecius grenadensis, n. s., 19.—rufotestaceus, n. s., 18.

Kurilonus, n. g., 113. K. insolitus, n.s., 114.

Lobopoda ebenina, n. s., 34.—insularis, n. s., 33.

Lorelopsis, n.g., 15. L. pilosus, n.s., 16.

Lovelus brevicornis, n.s , 14.

Lystronychus rufonotatus, n. s., 35.—tuberculifer, n. s., 34.

Macratria femoralis, n. s., 45.

Malthodes australis, n. s., 166.

Mazoe, n. g., 162. M. jucunda, n. s., 162.

Menimopsis, n. g., 16. M. exceecus, n. s., °7.

Mentes eneopiceus, n.s., 30.

Meotiorhynchus, n. g., 85. M. querendus, 86.

Micrantereus, new species described :—algoensis, 176.—carinatus, 173.—

deverus, 176.—fallax, 175.—gratiosus, 174.—limpopoanus, 172.—luc-

tuosus, 173.—ovampoanus, 175.—pronus, 176.—scaberrimus, 172.—

spurius, 174.

Mordella serguttata, n. s., 48.

Mordellistena pallida, n. s., 50.

Myllocerus (?) abnormalis, n. s., 108.—hilleri, 107.—naso, n. s., 106.

Myosides pyrus, n. 8., 93.

Omoiotus, n. g., 95. O. ovatus, n. s., 96.

Onitis dispar, n. s., 155.—zambeziana, n. s., 154.

Onthophagus gemmeus, n. s., 157.—insignis, n. s., 157.—mashunus, n. 3.,

155.—ponderosus, n. s., 156.

Orphnus mashunus, n. s., 158.—ovampoanus, n. s., 158.—pugnaa, 159.—

zambezianus, n. s., 157.

Osphya bipunctata from Chattenden Roughs, exhibited, xxxviii.

Ovacis antillarum, n. s., 39.

(exci)

Ozolais tuberculifera, n. s., 10.

Parasitones, n. g., 113. P. gravidus, n. s., 118.

Paussus arduus, n. 8., 149.—barkeri, n. s., 152.—concinna, n.s., 150.—

manicanus, n. s., 149.—marshalli, n. s., 153.—raffrayi, n. s., 150.—

viator, n. s., 151.

Phleosinus cribratus, n. 8., 198.—vilis, n. s., 199.

Phyllobius annectens, n. s., 97.—inconptus, n. s., 103.—japonicus, 101.—

leechi, n. s., 103.—nigritus, n. s., 100.—polydrusoides, n. s , 102.

Plagithmysus, series of, exhibited, lvi.

Platydema apicenotatum, n. s., 13.—piliferwm, n. s., 12.

Platynotus insularis, synonym of Hypaulaw iridescens, 449.

Platypus biuncus, n. s., 194.—philippensis, n. s., 198.

Polycleis decorus, n. s., 185.—prasinus, n. s., 185.—swimptuosus, n. s., 184

Procas armillatus, from Chatham, exhibited, xix.

Psiloptera eneola, n. s., 164,.—chalcophoroides, n. s., 164.

Psylliodes cyanoptera, from Wicken, exhibited, xxxviii.

Quedius riparius, from Porlock, exhibited, xx.

Rhabdopholis irrorata, n. s., 160.

Rhipidophorus sancti-vincentis, n. s., 51.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan; species belonging to the following

' families and genera described or alluded to (D. Sharp) :—Amystaz, 87.

—Anosimus, 110.—Arraphogaster, 94.—Asphalmus, n. g., 94.—

Blosyrus, 88.—Calomycterus, 84.—Canoixus, 112.—Catapionus, 83.—

Chlorophanus, 110.—Copanochys, 84.—Diallobius, un. g., 104.—

Episomus, 92.—Eugnathus, 112.—Eumyllocerus, n. g , 109.—Hypery-

stylus, 110.—Kurilonus, n. g., 118.—Macrocorynus, 106.—Meotiorhyn-

chus, n. g., 85.—Myllocerus, 106.—Myosides, 93.—Omoiotus, n. g., 95.

—Otiorhynchide, 82.—Parasitones, n. g., 118.—Phyllobius, 97.—Phy-

toscaphus, 118.—Piazomias, 87.—Pseudocneorrhinus, 83.—Ptochus,

112.—Scepticus, 87.—Scythropus. 106.—Sitones, 112.—Sitonides, 112.—

Trachyphleosoma, n syn., 92.—Trachyrhinus, n.g., 91.

Scaptes ciliatus, n. s., 9.

Schenicus antillarum, n. s., 5.—brunneus, 4

Scolyto-platypus (Teniocerus) eutomoides, n. s., 19°.—raja, alluded to,

195.

Sosthenes parvulus,, n.s., 38.

Statira antillarum, n. s., 35.—vittata, n. s., 37.

Sternotomis mozambica, n. s., 181.

Talanus ferrujineus, n. 8., 31.—lexvicollis, n. s., 32.

Timoreticus, n. g., 181. T. armaticeps, n. s., 181.

Tonricus pereviguus, n. s., 201.

Tracyrhinus sordidus, n. s., 91.

Tragocephala rikatle, n.s., 182.

Uloma antillarum, n.s., 22.—grenadensis, 23.—parvula, n. 8., 23.—sul-

cata, n. s., 21.

Xyleborus, new species described :—andamanensis, 222.—andrewesi, 227.

—arcticollis, 217.—colossus, 207.—destruens, 221.—dolosus, 225.—

eviguus, 228.—fornicatus, 213.—fraternus, 212.—globus, 208.—lati-

collis, 226.—papuanus, 209.—puberulus, 215.—pruinosus, 214.—

(Bre 28)

scabripennis, 216.—semigranosus, 211.—semirudis, 210.—spatulatus,

218.—subcribrosus, 224.—submarginatus, 225.

Xyletinus ater, from Herefordshire, exhibited, xxxviil.

Xylophilus guttatus, n. s., 44.— nigricollis, n. s., 48.

Zonitis lineata, n. s., 58.

DIPTERA.

Achalcus sordidus, n. s., 339.

Aides pertinans, n. s., 271.—perturbans, n. s., 271.

Agromyza anthraz, n. s., 430.—innominata, n. s., 443.—lateralis, n. s.,

428.—sorosis, n. s., 429.—xvanthophora, 429.

Anepsius linearis, n. s., 317.

Anthomyza cinerea, n. s., 444.—wanthopoda, n. s., 445.

Aochletus, 300. A. bistriatus, n. s., 300.

Arthyroglossa nitida, n. s., 397.

Asundetus fratellus, n. s., 332.

Atarba pleuralis, n. s., 271.—puella, n. s., 288.

Atrophopoda braueri, n. s., 357.—townsendti, n. s., 356.

Borborus illotus, n. s., 434.—venalicus, 434.

Calobata mellea, n. s., 373.

Cephenomyia rufibarbis, exhibited, xvi.

Ceratomyza dorsalis, 428.

Ceratopogon, new species described :—decor, 281.—eriophorus, 279.—

flavus, 280.—lituratus, 281.—longicornis, 280.—lotus, 282.—maculi-

thorax, 277.—phlebotomus, 281.—propinquus, 279.—punctipennis,

278.—pygmeus, 278.—sequax, 282.—thersites, 280.—venustulus, 278.

Ceroplatus longimanus, n. s., 258.

Chironomus, new species described :—anonymus, 274.—innocuus, 274.—

longimanus, 274.—lugubris, 274.—spilopterus, 273.

Chlorops trivittata, n. s., 425.

Chordonota leiophthalma, n. s., 301.

Chrysopila atra, n. s., 304.

Chrysotus, new species described :—acutus, 329.—albipalpus, 327.—api-

calis, 330.—eacisus, 325.—flavus, 326.—hirsutus, 328 —inermis, 330.—

longipalpus, 329.—niger, 327.—provimus, 326.

Cistogaster insularis, un. s., 351.

Celoglutus, n. g., 338. C. concavus, n. s., 338.

Cenosia flavipes, n. s., 370..—insularis, n. s., 371.

Cyphomyia lasiophthalma, n. s., 301.

Cyrtoneura maculipennis, n. s., 368.

Degeeria nigriventris, n. s., 359.

Diaphorus, new species described :—approrimatus, 321.—contiguus, 323.—

dimidiatus, 322.—dubius, 324.—flavipes, 323.—parvulus, 321.

Didyma calyptrata, n. s., 359.

Diotrepha. D. concinna, n. s., 291.

Diplosis pictipes, n. s., 253.

Diptera, flower-haunting, 117. |

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies) ; species belonging to the following

families and genera described or alluded to (S. W. Williston and

(cy)

J. M. Aldrich) :-—Achalcus, 339.—Aciuwra, 376.— Ades, 271.—Agromyza,

428, 443.—Agromyzide, 426, 443.—Allograpta, 348.—Anepsius, 317.—

Anthomyza, 444.—Anthomyiide, 367.—Aochletus, 300.—Arthyro-

glossa, 397.—Asilide, 304.—Asyndetus, 332.—Atarba, 288.—Atro-

phopoda, 356.—Baccha, 347.—Beskia, 360.—Bibionidx, 269.—Blepharo-

ceride, 269.—Bombyliide, 306.—Borboride, 43!.—Borborus, 434.—

Calobata, 372.—Cecidomyitide, 258.—Ceratomyza, 427.—Ceratopogon,

276.—Ceroplatus, 258.—Chironomide, 273.—Chironomus, 273.—

Chlorops, 425.—Chordonota, 302.—Chrysopila, 303.—Chrysotus, 325.

—Cistogaster, 351.—Celoglutus. n. g., 338.—Cenosia, 370.—Cypho-

myia, 801.—Cyrtoneura, 368.—Culex, 272.—Culicide, 270.—Degeeria,

359.— Deaitide, 360.—Diaphorus, 320.—Didyma, 359.—Diotrepha, 291.—

Diplosis, 258.—Discocerina, 395.—Discomyza, 392.—Dira, 298.—

Dizide, 298.—Dolichopodide, 309.—Drapetis, 308—441.—Drosophila,

405 —Drosophilide, 405.—Elachipalpus, 352.—Elachiptera, 417.—

Elephantomyia, 283.—Elliptera, 290.—Empidide, 307, 439.—Ensina,

377.—Ephydra, 402.—Ephydridex, 389.—Epiphragma, 294.—Epiplatea,

376.—Erav, 305.—Erioptera, 294.—Eristalis, 346.—Eutarsus, 334.—

Eusesta, 374.—Evaresta, 377.—Ecaorista, 355.—Geomyzide, 444.—

Geranomyia, 284.—Geron, 306.—Gnamptopsilopus, 341.—Gonia, 353.—

Gymnopternus, 309.—Hemagogus, n. s., 271.—Haplusia, 254.—Heca-

mede, 398.—Hemerodromia, 439 —Hercostomus, 311.—Hermetia, 299.—

Heteroneura, 386.—Heteroneuridx, 386.—Hippelates, 417.—Hippobos-

cide, 439.—Holcocephala, 306.—Hybos, 307.—Hydrellia, 399.—

Hydrina, 400.— Ilythea, 403. — Jurinia, 353. — Leptide, 303. —

Leptocorypha, n. g., 315.—Leptogaster, 305.—Leptorhethum, 345.—

Limnobia, 287.—Limnophora, 369.—Limosina, 431.—Lispa, 368.—

Lobioptera, 431.—Lonchea, 378.—Lucilia, 367.—Lyroneurus, 333.—

Macrocera, 255.—Manota, n. g., 260.—Megharrhina, 270.—Meromacrus,

346.—Mesogramma, 349.—Miastor, 254.—Micropezide, 371.—Mongoma,

291.—Mycetophila, 264.—Mycetophilide, 255.—Musca, 366.—Muscide,

366.—Neoémpheria, 262.—Neoglaphyroptera, 259.—Nerius, 373.—

Neurigona, 337.—Notiphila, 389.—Ochthera, 402.—Ochtheroidea, 401.—

Ocyptamus, 348.—Ommatius, 304.—Ophthalmyia, n. g., 426.—Ophyra,

367.—Ornithomyia, 439.—Ortalide, 374, .431.—Orthocladius, 275.—

Oscinide, 417.—Oscinis, 421.—Pachyrrhina, 295.—Paltosoma, 269.—

Paraclius, 314.—Paralimna, 390.—Pelagomyia, 299.—Pelastoneurus,

312.—Pericoma, 284.—Phora, 435.—Phoridz, 435.—Phorocera, 354.—

Phortica, 416.—Phthinia, 263.—Phyllomyia, 443.—Physogenua. 379.—

Pipunculide, 351.—Pipunculus, 351.—Plagiotoma, 378.—Platophry-

myia,n. g.,426.—Platyura, 256.—Pecilobothrus, 310.—Polymedon, 318.

—Polymera, 296.—Probolzus, n. g., 261.—Psilocephala, 306.—Psilopa,

292.—Psilopus, 343.—Psychoda, 283.—Psychodidz, 283.—Rhamphidia,

288.—Rhipidia, 285.—Rhynchodewxia, 360.—Rhyphidz, 298.—Rhypus,

_ 298.—Sapronyza, 379.—Sapromyzidz, 378.—Sarcophaga, 362.—Sarco-

phagide, 861.—Sarcophilodes, 361.—Sargus, 299.—Scatella, 403.—

Scatopse, 269.—Sciara, 265.—Sciophila, 263.—Sepsidx, 421.—Sepsis,

431.—Simuliide, 268.—Simulium, 268.—Siphomyia, 418.—Spherocera,

435.—Stegana, 404.—Stomorys, 366.—Stratiomyidz, 299.—Sympycnus,

336.—Syneches, 308.—Syrphidz, 346.—Tabanidz, 302,—Tabanus, 302.

(‘cit )

—Tachinide, 351.—Tanypeza, 371.—Tanypus, 275.—Tephritis, 377.—

Teucholabis, 289.—Therevide, 306.—Tipula, 295.—Tipulide, 284.—

Trichopoda, 352.—Trichopteromyia, n. g., 255.—Trigonometopus, 388.—

Trypeta, 376.—Trypetide, 376.—Urellia, 377.—Volucella, 347.—Win-

nertzia, 254.—Xanthotricha, n. g., 339.—Zygoneura, 268.

Discocerina leucoprocta, 395.—nana, 396.—obscura, 397.

Discomyza dubia, n.s., 392.

Diva clavulus,n. s., 298.

Drapetis apicis, n. s., 442.—flavidus, n. s., 308.—minuta, n. s., 442.—

wanthopodus, n. s., 308.

Drosophila, new species described :—annulata, 409.—bellula, 410.—biline.

ata, 409.—coffeata, 409.—fasciola, 410.—frontalis, 413.—illota, 415.—

limbata, 414.—nana, 416.—opacu, 411.—ornatipennis, 407.—pallida,

415.—pleuralis, 411.—pollinosa, 414.—procnemis, 412.—similis, 415.—

sororis, 408.—splendida, 412.—thoracis, 411.—verticis, 413.—vittati-

frons, 408.

Elachiptera flavida, n. s., 417.

Elephantomyia longirostris, nu. s., 288.

Ephydra pygmza, n. s., 417.

Epiphragma sackent, nu. s., 294.

Epiplatea amabdilis, n. s., 376.

Erioptera annulipes, n. s., 294.

Eutarsus sinuatus, n. s., 334.

Euzesta apicalis, n. s., 375.

Ezorista nobilis, n. s., 355.

Geranomyia pallida, n. s., 284.

Gnanptospilus flavicornis, n. s., 342.—flavidus, n. s., S41.

Gymnopternus ruficornis, n. s., 309.

Hemagogus, n. g., 271. H. splendens, n. s., 272.

Hecamede abdominatlis, n. s., 398.

Hemerodromia defessa, n. s., 439.

Hercostomus latipes, n. s., 272.

Heteronewra, new species described:—concinna, 887.—flavipes, 887.—

lumbalis, 888.—pleuralis, 387.—v alida, 388.—zxanthops, 386.

Hippelates dorsalis, 419.—dorsatus, n. s., 419.—equalis, n. s., 419.—

flavipes, 420.—proboscideus, n. s., 418.—scutellaris, n. s., 420.

Hydrellia parva, n. s., 399.—pulchra, n. s., 399.

Hydrina nitifrons, n. s., 401.—nitida, n. s., 400.

(?) Ilythea flavipes, n. s., 498.

Leptocorypha, n. g., 315. L. pavo, n. s., 317.

Leptogaster rederi, n. s., 305.

Leptorhethum angustatum, 315.

Limnobia insularis, n. s., 287.

Limnophora debilis, nu. s., 369.—ewvilis, n. s., 369.—erul, n. s., 870.

Limosina dolorosa, n. s., 432.—lugubris, n. 8. 433.—perparva, 433,—

pumila, 432.—scutellaris, 432.

Lonchea brevieornis, n.s., 379.—longicornis, n. s., 378.

Lyroneurus simplez, n. s., 333.

Macrocera concinna, n. s., 255.

Manota, n. g., 260. M. defecta,n.s , 260.

( ciii_ )

Mongoma, 291. M. manca, n. 8., 293.—pallida, n. s., 293.

Mycetophila dolosa, n. s., 264.—insipiens, n. s., 264.—nodulosa, n. s., 264.

Neoempheria maculipennis, n. s., 262.

Neoglaphyroptera concinna, n. s., 259.—nitens, n. s., 259.

Nerius bistriatus, n. s., 373.

Neurigona signifera, n. s., 337.

Notophila bellula, n. s., 390.—decorata, n. s., 889,

Ochthera cuprilineata, n. s., 402.

Ochtheroidea, n. g., 401. O. atra, n. s., 401.

Ophthalmomyia, n. g., 423. O. lacteipennis, 427.

Orthocladius debilis, n. s., 275.

Oscinis, new species described :—anonyma, 423.—apicalis, 422.—concinna,

424,.—fur, 425.—incipiens, 424.—mitis, 424.—nana, 423.—quadriline-

ata, 422.

Pachyrrhina elegantula, n. s., 295.

Paltosoma schineri, n. s., 269.

Paraclius filiferus, n. s., 314.

Paralimna multipunctata, n. s., 890.—obscura, n.s., 391.

Pelagomyia albitalus, n. s., 299.

Pelastonewrus argentiferus, n. s.,313.—lineatus, n. s., 312.

Pericoma albitarsis, n. g., 284.

Phora, new species described :—aurea, 437.—divaricata, 437,—furtiva,

436.—magnipalpis, 438.—(?) rufipes, exhibited, xvi.—venata, 486.

Phorocera puer, n. 8., 354.

Phortia scutellaris, n. s., 416.

Phthinia fraudulenta, n. s., 263.

Phyllomyza magnipalpis, nu. s., 443.

Physogenua nigra, n. s., 379.

Pipunculus politus, n. s., 351.

Platophrymyia, n. g., 426. P. nigra, n.s., 426.

Platyura fasciventris, n. 8., 258.—ignobilis, n. s., 257.—parva, n. s., 257.—

pictipennis, n. s., 257.

Pecilobothrus unguiculatus, n. s., 310.

Polymedon superbus, n. s., 318.

Polymera albitarsis, n. s., 296.

Probolwxus, n. g., 261. P. singularis, n.s., 261.

Psilopa aciculata, 394.—desmata, n. s., 395.—nigra, n. 8., 393.—nigrimana,

n. s., 893.—nigropuncta, 393.

Psilopus bellulus, n. s., 843.—insularis, n. s., 344.

Psychoda angustipennis, n. s., 284.—antennalis, n. s., 283.—pallens, n. s.,

283.

Rhipidia bipectinata, n. s., 285.—costalis, n. s., 286.—subpectinata, n. s.,

287.—wunipectinata, n. s., 286. :

Rhynchodewia sororia, n. s., 360.

Rhyphus dolorosus, n. s., 298.

Sapromyza, new species described :—angustipennis, 381.—exul, 382.—in-

grata, 385.—lineata, 385.—octovittata, 382.—puella, 381.—sordida,

383.—sororia, 885 :—macula, alluded to, 380.

Sarcophaga chetopygialis, n. s., 366.—concinnata, n. s., 364.—micro-

pygialis, n. s., 363.—otiosa, n. s., 364.—pavida, n. s., 369,

Ci cigs)

Sarcophilodes puella, n. s., 361.

Scatella obscura, n. s., 403.

Sciara concinna, n. s., 266.—germana, n. s., 266.—debilis, n. s , 266.—

delectata, n. s., 267.—equalis, alluded to, 265.—zygoneura, n. s , 267.

Sciophila diluta, n. s., 263.

Sepsis insularis, n. s., 431.

Simulium tarsale, n. s., 268.

Spherocera bimaculata, n. s., 435.

Stegana hore, n. s., 405.—tarsalis, n. s., 404.

Sympycnus falco, n. s., 836.—similis, n. s., 336.

Tabanus alcis, n. s., 302.

Tanypus flaveolus, n. s., 278.

Teucholabis annulata, n. s., 290.

Tipula subinfuscata, n. s., 295.

Trichopteromyia, n. g., 255. T. modesta, n. s., 255.

Trigonometopus rotundicornis, n. s., 388.

Trypeta incompleta, n. s., 378.

Xanthotricha, n. g., 839. X. cupulifera, n.s., 339.—minor, n. s., 340.—

singularis, n. s., 340.

Zygoneura sciastica, n. s., 268.

HEMIPTERA.

Notonecta glauca, notes on, xxvii.

HYMENOPTERA.

Mutilla contracta, wingless male, exhibited, xxi.

(Ecophylla smaragdina, notes on, ix.

Prestwichia aquatica, from Epping, exhibited, xl.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Acidalia marginepunctata, from Eastbourne, exhibited, xlvii.

Acrea, dry and wet season forms, 551.

Antherea melitta, pup exhibited, ii.

Apamexa ophiogrammia, larvee of, exhibited, xxviil.

Argyresthia atmoriella, from Kent, exhibited, ix.

Lasiocampa rubi, inflammation of eyes caused by hairs of larvae of, iii.

Lepidoptera, Phylogeny and Evolution of, from a pupal and oval standpoint,

5676

Leucania flavicolor, n. s., exhibited, xxxvi.

Lophopalpia, n. g., 626.

Mamestra abjecta, var. exhibited, xxxvi.

Mellinia ocellaris, &c., exhibited, xlviii.

Mycalesis, dry and wet season forms of, 562.

Oiketicus crameri, from Sikkim, exhibited, xxxvii.

Omyphalobasis, n. g., 525.

Orneodes, &c., pupee of, 129.

Papilio zenobia, &e., from Coomassie, exhibited, xvi.

Parachmidia, n. g., 495.

Pieris locusta, &e., 66.

Flusia bractea, exhibited, liv.

Polia flavicincta, black var., from Huddersfield, exhibited, xvi.

Precis, dry and wet season forms of, 557.

Psecadia pusiella, lvii.

Pyralidz, on the classification of three subfamilies of: the Epipaschiine,

Endotrichine, and Pyraline; genera alluded to (G. F. Hampson) :—

Actenia, 545.—Aglossa, 505.—Arnatula, 454.—Astrapometis, 461.—

Bostra, 533.—Burathema, 494.—Cangetta, 487.—Cardanyla, 513.—

Catacrocis, 521.—Cataprosopus, 490.—Cecidipta, 468.— Centropseustis,

496.—Cledeobia, 546.—Cenodonws, 467.— Constantia, 543.—Cotachena,

497.—Crocalia, 503.—Curena, 516.—Dilowia, 549.—Diplopseustis, 489.

—Discordia, 549.—Endotricha, 481.—Euryzona, 521.—Gauna, 486.—

Hendecasis, 493.—Herculia, 517.—Heterocrasa, 533.—Hyboloma, 524.—

Hypanchyla, 510.—Hypotia, 504.—Hypsopygia, 507.—Ischnoscopa, 492.

—Isolopha, 478.—Jocara, 460.—Lamacha, 526.—Larice, 515.—Lept-

dogma, 459.—Locastra, 469.—Lophopalpia, n. g., 526.—Loryma, 541.—

Macalla, 463.—Mapeta, 5389.—Myrmedonistis, 494.—Cnogenes, 497.—

Omphalobasis, n. g., 525.—Onvphalocera, 527.—Orthaga, 475.—Ory bina

540.—Parachmidia, n. g., 495.—Paracme, 512.—Paractenia, 5380.—

Persicoptera, 487.—Petta, 488.—Pleonectoides, 493.—Pococera, 456.—

Propachys, 588.—Prosaris, 531.—Proteinia, 541.—Pyralis, 507.—

Rhynchetera, 523.—Rhynchopygia, 522.—Rodaba, 481.—Rostripalpus,

495.—Sacada, 528.—Scenedra, 486.—Sindris, 538.—Spectratrota, 462.—

Stemmatophora, 513.—Stericta, 471.—Syntonarcha, 496.—Tamyraca, 516.

—Tegulifera, 510.—Termioptycha, 462.—Tioga, 455.—Toccolosida, 528.

—Trebania, 531.—Tretopteryx, 542.—Trichophysetis, 491.—Trieropis,

490.—Triphassa, 522.—Tyndis, 548.—Ulotricha, 504.—Vitessa, 502.—

Xenomilia, 5382.—Zitha, 536.

Sericoris rivularia, &e., exhibited, lvii.

Terias brigitta, dry season form of T. zoé, 564.

Tephrosia bistortata, &c., notes on, xl., li.

Tinea biselliella, damaging bristles in London, lvi.

Trochilium sphegiforme, alluded to, xvi.

NEUROPTERA.

Calotermes artocarporum, n. s., alluded to, 589.—domesticus, n. s., alluded

to, 591.

Capnia affinis, n. s., 60.—atra, n. s., 58.—nigra, alluded to, 60.

Capnopsis, nom. nov., 61. C. Schillerz, 61.

Hetxrina occisa, monstrosity in, xvil.

Nemowra Sahlbergi, n. s., 56.

Teniopteryx Risi, n. s-, 56.

Cnicva

ORTHOPTERA.

Gomphocerus sibericus (var.), alluded to, 241.

Gryllus campestris, from Florence, exhibited, xxxix.

CEdipoda cerulescens, alluded to, 251.

Psophus stridulus, alluded to, 250.

Pycnosclus indica, from Bognor, exhibited, lvii.

Pezotettiz pedestris, alluded to, 236.

Stenobothrus (?) elegans, alluded to, 249.—hxmorrhoidalis, alluded to, 249.

Stethophyma fuscum, alluded to, 247.

SPECIES INCERT& SEDIS.

Dyscritina longisetosa, exhibited, iii.; drawings of, exhibited, viii.; alluded

to, 229, xix.

Printed by Stmuons & Borren, Limited, 4a, Shoe Lane, London, E.C.

Trans Ent. Soe Lond. 1896. Pu.

W.Purlaiss del et bth Mintern Bros imp

Heteromerous Coleoptera ot St:Vincent, Grenada,

and the Grenadines.

C.Schilleri.

K.J.Morton del.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1896. PUA.

~-.

a0 : za & Mintern Bros. lith.

New or little known Palearctic Perlidee .

Pieris locusta MEN asa Puerts phaloe o

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upper side ruler Oe

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Praris. Ent. Soc. Lona 1896. PU\

Wu melpomeru

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1 ULver pe bellona Cc Heliconiaus eral

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Mullerian Group:

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H.J.Pocock. { :

Eggs of Orneodes,Epermenia

& pupee also of Chrysochorys &Pterophorus.

Trans. Ent: Soc. Lond 1896. PU.

T. : :

. 7 Mintern Bros. lith.

EdwinWilson .

HJ Pocock. ian Pupee of Epermenia &Orneocdes.

da"

Pook wn o

EXpLANATION oF Prater VIII.

Diplosis species, wing.

” species, ”

Winnertzia species, wing.

Miastor species, wing, 4a part of antenna.

Haplusia species, wing.

Trichopteromya modesta, wing, 6a tarsus, 6b part of

antenna.

7. Macrocera concinna, wing.

9. Platyura ignobilis, wing.

10. FS pictipennis, wing.

Hil. .) Sasciventris, Wing.

12. Ceroplatus longimanus, wing.

13. Neoglaphyroptera nitens, wing.

14. Aanota defecta.

15. Proboleus singularis, wing, 15a head, 155 mouth parts,

15¢ hypopygium.

16. Neoémpheria maculipennis, wing.

17. Sciophila diluta, wing.

18. Phthinia fraudulenta, wing.

19. Mycetophila insipiens, wing.

20. - nodulosa, wing.

21. Sciara germana, wing.

22. » debilis, wing.

23. » zygoneura, wing.

24, Zygoneura sciastica, wing, 24a part of antenna.

25. Stmulium tarsale, wing, 25a ¢ front tarsus.

26. Scatopse pygmea, wing.

27. Paltostoma schineri, wing, 27a hypopygium, 27) head of g.

28. Megarrhina portoricensis, head of ¢, 28a wing.

29. Atdes pertinans, antenna, 29a hypopygium.

30. » perturbans, 9 head.

WEST INDIAN DIPTERA.

Edwin Wilson Cambridge.

HiGaols

32,

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46,

47.

48.

49.

50.

ol.

52.

53.

o4,

5d.

56,

57.

EXPLANATION oF Piate IX.

Hemagogus splendens, 2 head, 3la palpus, 31d ¢ claw,

3le wing.

Chironomus spilopterus, wing.

A longimanus, wing.

Orthocladius debilis, wing.

Tanypus indecisus, wing.

Ceratopogon maculithorax, wing.

" pygmaeus, wing.

. venustulus, wing, 38a front leg, 386 palpus.

s punctipennis, wing.

eriophorus, tarsus, 40a antenna, 406 palpus.

x propinquus, tarsus, 41a wing.

‘s Jlavus, wing, 42a tarsus.

5 longicornis, wing, 43a antenna.

i thersites, wing.

a decor, wing.

phlebotomus, wing, 46a palpus,

5 lotus, wing.

. sequax, wing.

Psychoda alternata, wing.

f pallens, hypopygium, 50a wing.

s angustipennis, wing.

Pericoma albitarsis, wing.

Geranomyia pallida, wing.

Rhipidia bipectinata, wing.

unipectinata, antenna.

a costalis, antenna.

subpectinata, wing.

7 yw

bate

, "

hati

‘oy

\ .

‘

‘ -

Trans Ent Soc. Lond 1846 Pl.

Edwin Wilson Cambridg c.

WEST INDIAN DIPTERA.

EXPLANATION OF Puatr X.

Fic. 57a. Rhipidia subpectinata, ¢ antenna.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

cae

72.

73.

74.

75.

76.

Wik

78.

Limnobia insularis, wing.

Rhamphidia albitarsis, wing, 59a hypopygium,.

Atarba puella, wing, 60a hypopygium.

<5 pleuralis, antenne, 61a, 616 genitalia, 61¢ wing.

Teucholubis complexa, wing.

; annulata, wing.

Elliptera species, wing, 64a genitalia.

Diotrepha mirabilis, wing, 65a hypopygium.

5 concinna, Wing.

Mongoma pallida, wing.

Epiphragma sackeni, wing.

Tipula subinfuscata, wing.

Pachyrrhina elegantula, wing.

Polymera albitarsis, § part of antenna, 71a ? antenna,

716 wing.

Genus near Rhipidia, part of antenna, 72a hypopygium.

Dixa clavulus, wing.

Rhyphus dolorosus, wing.

Pelagomyia albitalus, ¢ head.

Aochletus bistriatus, antenna.

Tubanus alcis, antenna.

. species, antenna.

78bis. Chrysopila atra, wing.

79.

Erazx rufitibia, wing.

Pint ak sane - 7

Trans Lint Soc. Lond 189 LUX

78bcs

Edwin Wilson Cambridge

WEST. INDIAN DIPTERA.

Fia. 80.

81.

82.

EXpLANATION oF Pirate XI.

Leptogaster roederi, wing.

Geron senilis, antenna.

Psilocephala argentata, antenna,

Hybos dimidiatus, wing.

Syneches pusillus, wing.

Drapetis canthopodus, antenna, 85a wing.

» flavidus, antenna, 86a wing.

Pipunculus aculeatus, wing, 87a antenna.

a politus, wing.

. Jurinia species, antenna.

» apicifera, antenna.

Gonia pallens, antenna.

Phorocera puer, ¢ head.

Exorista nobilis, ¢ head.

Atrophopoda townsendii, head and part of antenna,

93a ¢ tarsus, 93b 2 tarsus, 93¢ wing.

¥, braueri, g head, 94a ? tarsus, 94) ¢ tarsus,

94c¢ wing.

Didyma calyptrata, ¢ head.

Degeeria nigriventris, $ head.

Beskia cornuta, g head, 97a wing.

Rthynchodexia sororia, ¢ head.

Elachipalpus macrocerus, wing.

Trichopoda pennipes, wing.

Pecilobothrus unguiculatus, $ last joint of front tarsus.

Paraclius filiferus, tip of wing.

Polymedon superbus, ¢ head:

Hutarsus sinuatus, wing.

Ceeloglutus concavus, wing.

Aanthotricha cupulifera, wing, 106a hypopygium.

Achaleus sordidus, ¢ wing, 107a ? wing.

Trans. Lnt Soc. Lond 18% Pt XL

Edwin Wilson Cambridge

WEST INDIAN DIPTERA.

Fic. 108.

109.

TOS

Halle

112.

Melts

114,

iD iby

116.

HZ.

118.

119.

120.

EXpLaNaTion or Prats XII.

Leptorhethum angustatum, g wing.

Gnamptopsilopus flavidus. wing.

Eutarsus sinuatus, ¢ wing.

Hercostomus latipes, tip of wing.

Leptocorypha pavo, wing.

Polymedon superbus, wing.

Asyndetus fratellus, tip of wing.

Hutarsus sinuatus, 9 wing.

Pecilobothrus unguiculatus, tip of wing.

Lyroneurus simplex, & wing.

Polymedon superbus, 2 head.

5 > od head.

Ophyra enescens, ¢ head, 120a wing.

120bis. Sarcophilodes puella, ¢ head.

121.

122.

123.

124.

125;

126.

127.

128.

129.

Cyrtoneura maculipennis, g head, 12la wing.

Limnophora exul, ¢ head, 122u wing.

Cenosia insularis, g head, 123a wing.

Tanypeza claripennis, § head, 124a wing.

Calobata mellea, wing.

Nerius bistriatus, 9 head, 126a wing.

Euzesta stigmatias, wing,

» apicalis, wing.

Trypeta (Tephritis) fucata, wing.

_? a i)

ae a es ‘uy

} ee

‘ ie wae ;

{

y 1

Pre Sil y

©.

‘

‘ ‘

{

rene

eta Yo a NE Eo LOE LOBEL IEA LIAS

WEST

INDIAN DIPTERA.

118

Edwin Wilson. Camoridg &

EXPLANATION OF Prats XIII.

Fic. 130. Trypeta (Ensina) peregrina, wing.

137. %) (Evaresta) melanogastra, wing.

132. is (Urellia) solaris, wing.

133. Physogenua nigra, g head.

134. Supromyza angustipennis, wing.

135. Heteroneura flavipes, wing.

136. * valida, wing.

137. Trigonometopus rotundicornis, & head.

138. Discomyza dubia, wing, 138a ¢ head.

139. Psilopa nigra, 2 head.

140. » aciculata, wing.

141. Discocerina facialis, ¢ head.

142. Arthyroglossa nitida, g head.

143. Hydrellia parva, wing.

144, #4 pulchra, wing.

145. Hydrina nitida, wing, 145a ¢ head.

146, Ochtheroidea atra, wing, 146a ¢ front leg.

147. Ephydra pygmea, wing, 147a head.

148. Ochthera cuprilineata, wing.

149. Stegana tarsalis, g front leg, 149a ¢ middle tarsus,

1496 palpus, 149¢ wing.

150. Bs hore, @ antenna,

151. Drosophila ornatipennis, wing.

152. “ vittatifrous, wing.

Trans. Ent Soc. Lond 189% P

152

Edwin Wilson. Cambridge.

INDIAN DIPTERA.» |

Fig. 153.

EXPLANATION OF Piate XIV.

Drosophila species, wing.

153a. Oscinis triangularis, wing.

154,

155.

156.

157.

158.

159.

160.

161.

162.

163.

164.

165.

166.

167.

168.

169.

170.

Ophthalmomyia lacteipennis, wing, 154a ¢ head.

Ceratomyza dorsalis, wing, 155a head.

A gromyza lateralis, head.

55 xanthophora, wing.

5 innominata, ¢ head.

Sepsis insularis, wing, 159a ¢ front leg.

Limosina pumila, wing.

» _perparva, wing, 161a@ antenna.

5 lugubris, wing.

Borborus venalicus, wing.

as éllotus, wing.

Spherocera bimaculata, wing.

Fiemerodromia defessa, wing.

Drapetis apicis, wing, 167a¢ antenna.

9 minuta, wing, 168a antenna.

Phyllomyza magnipalpis, 9 head.

Anthomyza cinerea, ¢ head,