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TRANSACTIONS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON

THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ye ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON

BO ed, FAB OYE ALR

Toph ms a

Anee GF ° Otte

OK ace

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED,

LONDON AND BUNGAY.

SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET,

CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.,

AND BY LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO,

PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. ; AND NEW YORK.

1911-1912.

DATES OF PUBLICATION IN PARTS.

Part I. (TRans., p. 1-188, Proc., i-xvi) was published 21 June, 1911

“cian | ee ee 189-500, _,, XVii—xxxii) e 21:Oct.

. v4 wy 501-767,

> Vv. (ee ——_ ,,,___ I xxxi-eeiv) s 19 April ,,

4 SER -IREEY 10 Feb., 1912

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON

FouNDED, 1833.

INCORPORATED BY RoyaL CHARTER, 1885

OFFICERS and COUNCIL for the SESSION 1911-1912.

President.

Rev. FRANCIS DAVID MORICE, M.A.

Vice=Presidents,

GEORGE T. BETHUNE-BAKER, F.LS., F.Z.S.

FREDERICK AUGUSTUS DIXEY, M.A., M.D., F.RB.S.

HORACE Sr. J. DONISTHORPE, F.Z.S:

Treasurer,

ALBERT HUGH JONES.

Secretaries,

CommanDER JAMES J. WALKER, M.A., R.N., F.L.S.

Rev. GEORGE WHEELER, M.A., F.Z.S.

Librarian.

GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, A.LS., F.Z.S.

Otber Members of Council.

ROBERT ADKIN.

Pror. T. HUDSON BEARE, B.Sc., FRSE.

MALCOLM BURR, D.Sc., F.L.S., E.ZS., etc.

JOHN HARTLEY DURRANT.

Pror. SELWYN IMAGE, M.A.

KARL JORDAN, Pu.D.

ALFRED SICH.

J. R. te B. TOMLIN, M.A.

HENRY JEROME TURNER.

Resident Librarian.

GEORGE BETHELL, F._R.Hi1st.S.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

List of Fellows... “fe Bes a a ~ ze ate ies ix

Additions to the Library x ue ES ve ae i .. XXVili

Errata... ees nis Bac oe cob He us “i we XLvil

MEMOIRS

PAGE

I. On the Forms and Geographical Distribution of Acraea lycoa,

Godt., and Acraea johnstoni,Godm. By Harry ELTRINGHAM,

M.A. FB ZS .y ee tet 1

II. Some cndeerbed Budeeritias ie Tater ve feaeew By

Sir Grorcr H. Kenrics, F.E.S.. ate 16

III. A Revision of the Genus ane Serv. (Dermaptera, By

Matcorm Burr, D.Sc., F.L.S8., F.Z.8., F.E.S. 21

IV. Descriptions of some hiner unknown, or little tan ae Wiarvad

and Pupae of South African Rhopalocera, with notes on their

Life-histories. By Marcaret E. Fountaine, F.E.S. . we 48

V. Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. The Sphegidae.

(Being Part V of the work commenced by the late EpwarpD

SaunpeErs, F.R.S., in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1901, p. 515.) Revised

and completed by "the Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A. , FES. 62

VI. Experiments in 1909 and 1910 upon the ectounielution heewens

lepidopterous larvae and pupae and their surroundings. By

ELIzABETH BripGEs. Communicated by Prof. E. B. Pouron,

D.Sc., M.A., F.B.S., ete. ... 136

VII. On the eo Mapes of Latiorina iipcciend) ee an . amyr-

mecophilous Plebeiid “ Blue” eee By T. A. ‘CHAPMAN,

MDPHAs. 2. 148

VIII. The ees of Orgyia aatendead (ant. By 7. A. CHAPMAN, M. D. 160

IX. New Genera and Species of Striphnopterygidae and Lasiocampidae

in the British Museum. Described by Cur. Aurivituius ... 161

X. Notes on Insect Enemies in the Tropics and their influence on

Mimicry. By HE. A. Cocxayng, F.L.S8., F.ES. ... ass 168

XI. The Hybernation of Vanessa atalanta in Captivity. oy L. W.

Newman, F.E.S. af 173

XII. Further Observations on Wenapoeny Son Brenan ata

Slavery in Ants. By Horace Sr. J. K. Donisruorps, F.Z.S. 175

XIII. Two new species of Lycaenopsis from Borneo (Sarawak). BY

Dr. T. A. CHAPMAN. aa 184

XIV. Description of a new nymphaline Butterfly ou Brae Tadiae

By Hamitron H. Druce, F.L.S., etc. ... 187

XV. New and unrecorded species of aves Heterocera from

Japan. By A. E. Wireman, F.E.S : 189

XVI. Bryocorina nonnulla aethiopica aeecoe ab O. “M. Bromo

Hon. F.E.S., et B. Poprrus, cum tabula colorata ia 408

XVII, A factor in the production of mutual resemblance in alned

species of Butterflies; a presumed Miillerian combination of

Euploeas in South India and Amauris in South Africa. sh

Linut.-Cotonet N. Manners, F.Z.8., F.E.S. ... Ley 417

XVIII. Description de quelques espéces tiservalles de Lucanides appar-

tenant aux collections du British Museum. Par M. Henri

Bo1LEau, F.E.S. aa 426

XIX. On the Hymenopterous Parasites of Gplegpiare. Tie Stele

ment. By Ernest A. Evwiotr, F.Z.8., and CraupE Morey,

BE ZiSe acs mia Mia nee a a. 452

(- way ~)

PAOE

XX. On the Persistence of Bacilli in the Gut of an Insect during

Metamorphosis. By A. Bacor, F.E.S. nae ean oie

XXI. On the British (and a few Continental) species of Scoparia,

Hw. By T. A. Cuapman, M.D., F.Z.S. a jam aad

XXII. Notes on the Genus Catasticta, with descriptions of new

species. By Percy I. Larny, F.Z.S8., F.E.S., and W, F. H,

RoOsENBERG, F.Z.S.,F.E.S.... tis ad ‘< eee b

XXIII. South African A culeate Hymenoptera in the Oxford Museum.

By the late Cor. C. T. Bincuam, F.Z.8. With Introduc-

tion by Pror. E. B. Poutron, D.S8c., M.A., F.R.S. <i

XXIV. A Contribution to the Life History of Hesperia sidae, Esp.

By Harovp Powe tt, F.E.8. ... cis jus “aa <n

XXV. Some Remarkable Ant-friend Lepidoptera of Queensland. By

F. P. Dopp, F.E.8. With Supplement, by E. Meyrick,

XXVI. An Enumeration of the Rhynchota collected during the Ex-

pedition of the British Ornithologists’ Union to Central

Dutch New Guinea. By W. L. Distanr = ity oe

XXVII. Report on a collection of Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central

Africa, with description of new species. By Pror. Marto

Bezzi1, Turin, Italy a ges tf ge aap ae

XXVIII. Parthenogenesis in Worker Ants, with special reference to

two colonies of Lasius niger, Linn, By W. C. Craw ey,

B.A., F.ES. = +A as ot its a oe

XXIX. Experiments on the Formation of Colonies by Lasius

Suliginosus 92. By Horace Sr. J. K. DonisTHorPr,

F.Z.S., and W. C. CRAWLEY, B.A. ... nie ede --. 664

XXX. Descriptions of South American Micro-Lepidoptera. By

E. Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S. Se = 5 oe (OTD

XXXI. New species of Hawaiian Hymenoptera, with notes on some

previously described. By R. C. L. Perkins, D.Sc., M.A.,

F.E.S. co : 719

XXXII. Notes on Hawaiian Hemiptera, with descriptions of new

species. By R. C. L. Perkins, D.Sc., M.A., F.E.S.... 728

XXXTII. On the nictitans group of the Genus Hydroecia, Gn. By the

Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, F.E.S. a4 weg vad a

XXXIV. On the Dates of the Publications of the Entomological Society

of London. By the Rev. GrorcE Wueeter, M.A.,F.Z.8. 750

Proceedings for 1911 He wa ae ane ats =. a i-cx

Annual Meeting... a af fas — eq aa wae exi

President’s Address Ae “ee ie ae +c a fe exvii

General Index ae xP 3a she = a Bi ay elvi

Special Index oe xi a oo a py ae PAA elxii

EXPLANATION OF PLATES, TRANSACTIONS.

Plates I, II, See pages 15 | Plates XXXTII, XXXIV.

Plates III-VI. 8 20 See pages 451

Plate VII, VIII. * 47 | Plates XXXV-XLIV. ,, 516-518

Plates IX, X. a 61 | Plates XLV, XLVI. uy 527

Plates XI-X XVII. » 157-159 | Plate XLVIL. is 576

Plate XXVIII. " 186 | Plate XLVIII. mn 590

Plate XXIX. > 188 | Plate XLIX. Z 604

Plates XXX, SEKI: |, 407 | Plate L. = 656

Plate XXXII. ¥ 416 Plates LI-LVIII, Fa 749

Hist of Fellows

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

HONORARY FELLOWS.

Date of Marked * deceased during the year.

Election.

1900 AvRivituius, Professor Christopher, Stockholm.

1905 Boxtvar, Ignacio, Paseo de Recoletos Bajo, 20, Madrid.

1911 Comstock, Professor J. H., Cornell University, Ithaca, New York,

U.S.A.

1901 Fasre, J. H., Sérignan, Vaucluse, France.

1894 Foret, Professor Auguste, M.D., Chigny, prés Morges, Switzerland.

1906 GaneLBAuER, Custos Ludwig, Hof-Musewm, Vienna.

1898 Grassi, Professor Battista, The University, Rome.

1908 OsERTHUR, Charles, Rennes, Ille-et-Vilaine, France.

1906 Reuter, Professor Odo Morannal, The University, Helsingfors,

Finlond.

1895 * ScuppER, Samuel Hubbard, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.

1885 * SNELLEN, P. C. T., Rotterdam.

1911 WasMany, Fr. Erich, 8.J., Valkenburg (L.) Ignatius Kolleg, Holland.

1893. Wartrenwyt, Dr. Carl Brunner von, Schénbirgstrasse 3, Vienna.

1898 Weismann, Dr. August, Frevburg, Baden.

FELLOWS.

Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.

Marked * deceased during the year.

Date of

Election.

1908 AckERLEY, F. B., c/o Imperial Tobacco Co., P.O. Box 1159,

Johannesburg, South Africa.

1901 + ApairR, Sir Frederick E. 8., Bart., Flixton Hall, Bungay.

1877 Apams, Frederick Charlstrom, F.Z.S., 50, Ashley-gardens, Victoria-

street, S.W.

1877 Avams, Herbert J., Roseneath, London-road, Enjield, N.

1902 ApKIN, Benaiah Whitley, Trenoweth, Hope-park, Bromley, Kent.

oe Gs

1885 ApKIN, Robert, (CounciL, 1911- ), Wellfeld, Lingards-road, Lewis-

ham, 8.E.

1904 Acar, E. A., La Haut, Dominica, B. W. Indies.

1904 ALprErson, Miss E. Maude, (v. Rosrnson, Lady).

1911 AwnpeERson, T. J., Entomologist, Dept. of Agriculture, Nairobi,

British East Africa.

1910 + ANpDREweEs, H. E., 8, North Grove, Highgate, N.

1899 Anprews, Henry W., Shirley, Welling, S.O., Kent.

1901 AwnnineG, William, 39, Lime Street, E.C.

1908 + AnrRAM, Charles B., Somerdale Estate, Ootacamund, Nilgiri Hills,

S. India.

1911 ArmstroNG, Lionel, Govt. Entomologist to Gold Coast, Eversley,

Harpenden, Herts.

1907 ArRNoLp, G., M.Sc., A.R.C.S., Curator, Rhodesia Museum, Bulawayo,

S. Africa.

1899 + Arrow, Gilbert J., (CouncrL, 1905-7), 87, Union-grove, Clapham,

S.W.; and British Museum (Natwral History), Cromiell-road,S.W.

1911 AsHBy,»Edward Bernard, St. Bernards, Bulstrode-road, Hounslow,

Middlesex.

1907 — AsHBy, Sydney R., 119, Greenvale-road, Eltham-park, Kent.

1886 ArmorE, E. A., 48, High-street, King’s Lynn.

1850 ¢ AveBuryY, The Right Honble. Lord, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,

etc., (PRES., 1866-7, 1879-80; V.-Pres., 1862, 1868, 1876, 1881,

1888 ; CouncIL, 1855-7, 1859-61), High Elms, Farnborough, Kent.

1901 Bacor, Arthur W., York Cottuge, York-hill, Loughton, Essex.

1904 + BaGNaLL, Richard §., Penshaw Lodge, Penshaw, Durham.

1909 BaGwe..-PureFoy, Capt. Edward, 34, Sloane-Court, 8.W.

1903 Batpock, G. R., Oakburn Villa, Enfield Highway, Middlesex.

1886 Bankes, Eustace R., M.A., Norden, Corfe Castle, Wareham.

1890 Barcuay, Francis H., F.G.S., Zhe Warren, Cromer.

1886 BarGaaut, Marchese Piero, Piazza S. Maria, Palazzo Tempi No. 1,

Florence, Italy.

1895 Barker, Cecil W., The Bungalow, Escombe, Natal, South Africa,

1902 BarravD, Philip J., Bushey Heath, Watford.

1911 Barrett, J. Platt, Westcroft, South-road, Forest Hill, 8.E.

1907 Barrtvert, H. Frederick D., 1, Myrtle-road, Bournemouth.

1894 + Bateson, Prof. William, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of St. John’s College,

Cambridge, The Manor House, Merton, Surrey.

1908 Bayrorp, E. G., 2, Rockingham-street, Barnsley.

1904 Bayne, Arthur F., c/o Messrs. Freeman, Castle-street, Framlingham,

Suffolk.

1896 + Beare, Prof. T. Hudson, B.Sc., F.R.S.E., (Councin, 1909- ), 10,

Regent Terrace, Edinburgh.

1908 Brcwer, Major Edward F., Cranfield House, Polzeath, St. Minver,

Cornwall.

1908 Beck, Richard, Red Lodge, Porchester-road, Bournemouth.

( xi)

1905 Beprorp, The Duke of, K.G., Pres. Z.S., ete., Woburn Abbey, Beds.

1899 BeEpwe tt, Ernest C., Bonnicot, The Grove, Coulsdon, Surrey.

1904 Brnetsson, Simon, Ph.D., Lecturer, University of Lund, Sweden ;

Curator, Entomological Collection of the University.

1906 Benratt, E. E., The Towers, Heybridge, Essex.

1885 BrtHunn-BakeR, George T., F.L.S., F.Z.S., (Vick-PRESIDENT,

1910— ; Counctn, 1895), 19, Clarendon-road, Edgbaston, Birm-

ingham.

1895 Brvan, Lieutenant H.G. R., R.N., 38, The Common, Woolwich.

1891 Braper, W. H., F.L.S., 34, Cromavell-road, Hove, Brighton.

1904 Buack, James E., Nethercroft, Peebles.

1904 Buatr, Kenneth G., 23, West Hill, Highgate, N.

1889 BrLaNpFoRD, Walter F. H., M.A., F.Z.S., (V.-PREs., 1896 ; SEc.,

1897-8 ; Councin, 1894-9), The Paragon, Blackheath.

1885 Buatuwayt, Lt.-Col. Linley, F.L.S., Hagle House, Batheaston,

Bath.

1909 BLENKARN, Stanley A., Norham, Cromwell-road, Beckenham.

1904 Buss, Maurice Frederick, Coningsburgh, Montpelier-road, Ealing, W.

1886 BuioomrieLtp, The Rev. Edwin Newson, M.A., Guestling Rectory,

Hastings.

1903 Bogus, W. A., The Bank House, Watchet.

1911 Boreav, H., 99, Rue de la Cote St. Thibault, Bois de Colombes,

Seine, France.

1907 Bonnet, Alexandre, 54, Boulevard Bineau, Newilly-sur-Seine,

Seine, France.

1891 Booru, George A., 6, North-road, Preston.

1902 Bostock, E. D., Holly House, Stone, Staffs.

1904 * BourGcEots, Jules, Ste. Marie-aux-Mines, Markirch, Germany.

1888 Bower, Benjamin A., Langley, Willow Grove, Chislehurst.

1894 + Bowuss, E. Augustus, M.A., Myddelton House, Waltham Cross.

1910 Boyp, A. Whitworth, The Alton, Altrincham, Cheshire.

1852 + Boyp, Thos., Woodvale Lodge, South Norwood Hill, 8.E.

1893 Brapant, Edouard, Chateau de Morenchies, par Cambrai (Nord),

France.

1905 Bracken, Charles W., B.A., 5, Carfrae Terrace, Lipson, Plymouth.

1907 Bratn, Charles Kimberlin, Government Experimental Station, Rose-

bank, Cape Colony.

1904 BripGEeMAn, Commander The Hon. Richard O.B., R.N., 44, Lowndes-

square, S.W.

1877 Brices, Charles Adolphus, Rock House, Lynmouth, R.S.O.,

N. Devon.

1870 Brices, Thomas Henry, M.A., Rock House, Lynmouth, R.S.O.,

N. Devon.

1894 Bricut, Percy M., Fairfield, Wimborne-road, Bournemouth.

1909 Brirren, Harry, Prospect House, Salkeld Dykes, Penrith.

1902 Brovuauton, Captain T. Delves, R.E., R. A. and R. E. Mess, Malta.

1878 Broun, Major Thomas, Mount Albert, Auckland, New Zealand.

al { x })

1904 Brown, Henry H., Crossgate House, Cupar, Fife, N.B.

1910 Browne, Horace B., M.A., 118, Sunny Bank, Hull.

1911 Brurzer, Rev. Henry William, Great Bowden Vicarage, Market

Harborough.

1909 Bryant, Gilbert E., Fir Grove, Esher, Surrey.

1898 + BucHan-Hepsurn, Sir Archibald, Bart., J.P., D.L., Smeaton-

Hepburn, Prestonkirk.

1907 Botuerp, Arthur, F.S.A., Wimboro, Midsomer Norton, Somerset-

shire.

1902 Butier, Arthur Percival, Royal Societies Club, 8.W.

1896 ¢ Burr, Malcolm, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.G.S., A.R.S.M., (Councrn,

1910- ), Castle Hill House, Dover.

1909 Burrows, The Rev. C. R. N., The Vicarage, Mucking, Stanford-le-

Hope, Essex.

1868 + Butier, Arthur G., Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S., (Sec., 1875; Councit,

1876), The Lilies, Penge-road, Beckenham.

1883 Burier, Edward Albert, B.A., B.Se., 56, Cecile-Park, Crouch

End, N.

1902 Burver, William E., Hayling House, Oxford-road, Reading.

1905 BurrEerFievp, Jas. A., B.Sc., Comrie, Eglinton Hill, Plumstead.

1904 Byart, Horace A., B.A., Berbera (vid Aden), Somaliland Protectorate.

1902 Cameron, Malcolm, M.B., R.N., H.M.S. “ Attentive,’ Home

Fleet.

1885 CaMPBELL, Francis Maule, F.L.S., F.Z.S., ete., Byrnllwydwyn,

Machynlleth, Montgomeryshire.

1898 Canpkzr, Léon, Mont St. Martin 75, Liége.

1880 CanspaxrE, W. D., Sunny Bank, South Norwood, 8.E.

1889 Cant, A., 33, Festing-road, Putney, S.W.; and c/o Fredk. Du Cane

Godman, Esq., F.R.S., 45, Pont-street, S.W.

1890 Capper, Samuel James (President of the Lancashire and Cheshire

Entomological Society), Huyton Park, Liverpool.

1894 Caraccroto, H., H.M. Customs, Port of Spain, Trinidad, British

West Indies.

1910 Carrer, E. Wace, M.D., F.R.S.E., Morningside, Granville-road,

Dorridge, and The University, Birmingham.

1892 CaRPENTER, The Honble. Mrs. Beatrice, 22, Grosvenor-road, S.W.

1910 Carpenter, Geoffrey D. H., B.A., Uganda Medical Service,

Uganda Protectorate.

1895 CARPENTER, Professor G. H., B.Se., B.M., B.Ch., Royal College of

Science, Dublin.

1898 CARPENTER, J. H., Redcot, Belmont-voad, Leatherhead,

1868 CARRINGTON, Charles, Meadowcroft, Horley, Surrey.

1911 Carson, George Moffatt, Entomologist to the Government of New

Guinea, Port Moresby, New Guinea.

1895 Carrer, Sir Gilbert, K.C.M.G., Greycliffe, Lower Warberry-road,

Torquay.

(? cmuiy, )

1906 Carter, H. J., B.A., Ascham, Darling Point, Sydney, N.S. Wales.

1900 Carter, J. W., 15, Westfield-road, Manningham, Bradford.

1900 Cassa, R. T., M.R.C.S., Ballaugh, Isle of Man.

1903 Carre, John Rowland, Nettleton Manor, Caistor, Lincolnshire.

1889 + Cave, Charles J. P., Ditcham Park, Petersfield.

1900 CHAMBERLAIN, Neville, Westbourne, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

1871 CuHampton, George C., F.Z.S., A.L.S., (Councit, 1875-7; LIBRARIAN

1891— ), Heatherside, Horsell, Woking; and 45, Pont-street,

S.W.

1891 CHAPMAN, Thomas Algernon, M.D., F.Z.S., (V.-PREs., 1900, 1904-5,

1908 ; Councrt, 1898-1900, 1903-5, 1907-9), Betula, Reigute.

1910 CHARNLEY, J. R.

1897 CHAWNER, Miss Ethel F., Forest Bank, Lyndhurst, R.S.O., Hants.

1902 CHEESMAN, E. M., c/o Mr. John Garson, 150, Umbilo-road, Durban.

1908 Cuerry, B. Chourappa, The Government Musewm, Bangalore, India.

1889 CuHristy, William M., M.A., F.L.S., Watergate, Emsworth.

1909 CuusBs, Ernest C., Curator, Durban Museum, Natal, South Africa.

1909 Curark, C. Turner, F.Z.S., Medina, Pilston, Barnstaple.

1908 Cuark, Edgar L., Congella, Natal.

1867 * CLARKE, Alex. Henry, 109, Warwick-road, Earl's Court, S.W.

1908 CxLuTTERBUCK, Charles G., Heathside, 23, Heathville-road, Gloucester.

1908 CxiurreRBucK, P. H., Indian Forest Department, Naini Tal, United

Provinces, India.

1904 CocKkayNe, Edward A., 16, Cambridge-square, London, W.

1899 CoLLiIn, James E., (Councit, 1904-6), Sussex Lodge, Newmarket.

1906 CoLtiIncE, Walter E., M.Se, F.L.S., 55, Newhall-street, Bir-

mingham.

1911 Corton, Sidney Howard, 14, Chesterfield-street, Mayfair, W.

1892 Cowan, Thomas William, F.L.S., F.G.S., F.R.M.S., Upcott House,

Taunton,

1867 Cox, Herbert Ed., Claremont, Jamaica.

1895 CRaprREE, Benjamin Hill, The Oaklands, Levenshulme, Manchester.

1909 Crawtey, W. C., Tollerton Hall, Nottingham.

1906 CrawsHay, The Rev. George A., M.A., Melchbourne Vicarage,

Sharnbrook, 8.0., Beds.

1890 Crewe, Sir Vauncey Harpur, Bart., Calke Abbey, Derbyshire.

1880 + Crisp, Sir Frank, LL.B., B.A., J.P.

1907 Crort, Edward Octavius, M.D., 28, Clarendon-road, Leeds.

1902 * CrutrweLL, The Rev. Canon Charles Thomas, M.A., Hwelme

Rectory, Wallingford.

1908 Cuxrrn, Millais, M.B., F.R.C.S., The Palace Hotel, Shanghui.

1908 Curtis, W. Parkinson, Aysgarth, Poole, Dorset.

1901 Davpp, Edward Martin, Hohenzollernstrasse 18, Zehlendorf, bei Berlin.

1900 Dauerisn, Andrew Adie, 21, Prince’s-street, Glasgow.

1907 Dawgs, Felix L., 13, Humboldt-strasse, Steglitz, Berlin.

1886 Danwnart, Walter, Donnington, 75, Vanbrugh Park, Blackheath, S.E.

1911

1905

1910

1903

1898

1875

1887

1895

1909

1905

1906

1903

1906

1891

1908

1910

1884

1867

1900

1894

1906

1883

1910

1890

1865

1904

1902

1911

1886

(( -xaey’ )

Davey, H. W., Inspector of Department of Agriculture, Geelong,

Victoria, Australia.

Davipson, James D., 32, Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh.

Dawson, William George, Manor House, Abbots Morton, Worcester.

Day, F. H., 26, Currock-terrace, Carlisle.

Day, G. O., Sahlatston, Duncan's Station, Vancouver Island, British

Columbia.

Distant, William Lucas, -(V.-PRreEs., 1881, 1900; Sxc., 1878-80 ;

CounciL, 1900-2), Shannon-lodge, Selhurst-road, South Norwood,

S.E.

Dixey, Frederick Augustus, M.A., M.D., Fellow and Bursar of

Wadham College, (PRreEs., 1909-10; V.-PREs., 1904-5, 1911;

CounciL, 1895, 1904-6), Wadham College, Oxford.

Dorsson, H. T., Ivy House, Acacia Grove, New Malden, 8.O.,

Surrey.

Dosson, Thomas.

Dopp, Frederick P., Kuranda, vid Cairns, Queensland.

Dotuman, Hereward, Hove House, Newton-grove, Bedford-park, W.

Dotiman, J. C., Hove House, Newton-grove, Bedford-park, W.

Doncaster, Leonard, M.A., The University Musewm of Zoology,

Cambridge.

DontstHorRPE, Horace St. John K., F.Z.S., (Vice-PRresIpEnt,

1911— ; Counc, 1899-1901, 1910— ), 58, Kensington-mansions,

South Kensington, 8.W.

Dovueias-Crompton, Sydney.

Downes-SHaw, Rey. Archibald, Kettlestone Rectory, Fakenham,

Norfolk.

Druce, Hamilton H. C. J., F.Z.S., (Councit, 1903-5), 43, Circus-

road, St. John’s Wood, N.W.

Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.S8., (Councrn, 1885, 1892), 43, Circus-

road, St. John’s Wood, N.W.

Drury, W. D., Rocquaine, West Hill Park, Woking.

DunveGeon, G. C., The Imperial Institute, South Kensington.

DUKINFIELD-JonEs, E., Castro, Reigate.

Durrant, John Hartley, (Counct, 1911- ), Merton, 17, Burstock-

road, Putney, S.W., and British Museum (Natural History),

Cromwell-road, South Kensington, S.W.

Eaues-Waire, J. Cushny, 47, Chester-terrace, Eaton-square, S.W.

Eastwoop, John Edmund, Enton Lodge, Witley, Godalming.

Eaton, The Rev. Alfred Edwin, M.A., (Counci, 1877-9), Rich-

mond Villa, Northam, R.S.O., N. Devon.

EckrorpD, George, F.Z.S., c/o Sir Morgan Tuite, Bart., Kilruane,

Nenagh, co. Tipperary, Ireland.

EpexstEn, Hubert M., The Elms, Forty Hill, Enfield, Middlesex.

Epwarps, F. W., Kingswear, Cornwall-road, Harrow.

Epwarps, James, Colesborne, Cheltenham.

1886

1903

1908

1909

1899

1907

1900

1861

1886

1908

1910

1889

1900

1874

1905

1900

1898

MP0’)

Epwarps, Stanley, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 15, St. Germans-place, Black-

heath, S.E.

Exxiort, E. A., 16, Belsize Grove, Hampstead, N.W.

Exuis, H. Willoughby, Holly Hill, Berkswell, Warwickshire.

Exuis, John W., M.B., L.R.C.P., 18, Rodney-street, Liverpool.

ELTRiInGHAM, Harry, M.A., F.Z.S., Eastgarth, Westoe, South Shields,

and Hope Department, University Museum, Oxford.

Ewes, Henry John, J.P., F.R.S., F.LS., F.Z.S., (PRres., 1893-4 ;

V.-Pres., 1889-90, 1892, 1895 ; CounciL, 1888-90), Colesborne,

Cheltenham.

Enook, Frederick, F.L.S., 13, Tufnell Park Road, London, N.

ErHerinGE, Robert, Curator, Australian Museum, Sydney, N.S.W.

Evustack, Eustace Mallabone, B.A., Challacombe Rectory, Parra-

combe, R.S.0., N. Devon, and Wellington College, Berks.

Evans, Frank J., The Botanical Department, Trinidad, B. WI.

FarRMBOROUGH, Percy W., Lower Edmonton, Middlesex.

FEATHER, Walter, Voi, British Hast Africa.

Feiruam, H. L. L., P. O. Box 46, Johannesburg, Transvaal.

Fenn, Charles, Hversden House, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, S.K,

Fenwick, Nicolas Percival, The Gables, New-road, Esher.

Fenwick, Norman Percival, Junior, The Gables, New-road,

Esher.

Fenyss, A., M.D., 61, Hast Colorado-street, Pasadena, California,

U.S.A.

FERNALD, Prof. C. H., Amherst, Mass., U.S.A.

Fiera, J. Digby, F.L.S., Boys’ Modern School, Leeds.

Fircu, Edward A., F.L.S., (Src., 1881-5 ; CounciL, 1879, 1886),

Brick House, Maldon, Essex.

FLEET, Wilfred James, Imatra, King’s Road, Bowrnemouth.

Fiemyne, The Rev. W. Westropp, M.A., Coolfin, Portlaw, Co.

Waterford.

FietcHer, T. Bainbrigge, R.N., Agricultwral Research Institute,

Pusa, Bengal, India.

1883 + FLercuer, William Holland B., M.A., Aldwick Manor, Bognor.

1905

1885

1900

1898

1880

1908

1896

1888

FLoERSHEIM, Cecil, 16, Kensington Court Mansions, S.W.

Foxker, A. J. F., Zierikzee, Zeeland, Netherlands.

Foutxkegs, P. Hedworth, B.Sc., Harper-Adams Agricultwral College,

Newport, Salop.

Fountainé, Miss Margaret, 1, Zhe Studios, Sheriff-road, West

Hampstead, N.W.

Fow.er, The Rev. Canon, D.Sc., M.A., F.L.S., (PReEs., 1901-2 ;

V.-Pres., 1903 ; Sec., 1886-96), Harley Vicarage, near Reading.

FrasgER, Frederick C., Capt., M.D., I.M.S., Assist. Superint., Govt.

Maternity Hospital, Madras, India.

FREKE, Perey Evans, Southpoint, Limes-road, Folkestone.

FreMuin, H. Stuart, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., St. Stephens, St. Albans.

all

1903 Frencn, Charles, F.L.S., Government Entomologist, Melbourne,

Victoria, Australia.

1910 Frissy, G. E., 40, Windmill-street, Gravesend.

1908 FroaGarr, Walter W., F.L.S., Government Entomologist, 138, George-

street, Sydney, New South Wales.

1891 Frowawk, F. W., Ashmount, Rayleigh, Essex.

1906 + Fry, Harold Armstrong, P.O. Box 46, Johannesburg, Transvaal

Colony.

1900 Fryer, H. Fortescue, The Priory, Chatteris, Cambs.

1907 Fryer, John Claud Fortescue, The Priory, Chatteris, Cambs.

1876 Futter, The Rev. Alfred, M.A., The Lodge, 7, Sydenham-hill,

Sydenham, 8.E.

1898 Funuer, Claude, Government Entomologist, Pielermaritzburg, Natal.

(iat )

1887 GaHAN, Charles Joseph, M.A., (Sec., 1899-1900 ; CouncIL, 1893-5,

1901), 8, Lonsdale-road, Bedford Park, W.; and British Museum

(Natural History), Cromwell-road, 8.W.

1910 Garckeg, Emile, M.LE.E., Witton House, Maidenhead.

1892 GARDE, Philip de la, R.N., 8, Queen’s-terrace, Exeter.

1890 GaRDNER, John, Laurel Lodge, Hart, West Hartlepool.

1901 ¢ GarDNER, Willoughby, F.L.S., Deganwy, N. Wales.

1910 Grary, T. H., Enderby, Leicestershire.

1899. GrELpDaRT, William Martin, M.A., 27, Beawmont-street, Oxford.

1906 + Grass, Arthur Ernest, F.L.S., F.R.H.S., Kitchener's Meads, St. Albans.

1908 GrFFARD, Walter M., P.O. Box 308, Honolulu, Hawaii.

1907 Gres, Henry Murray, Head Keeper of Zoological Gardens, Perth,

W. Australia.

1902 GitLaNnpers, A. T., Park Cottage, Alnwick.

1904 Grwtrat, Francis, B.A., c/o Rey. G. Gilliat, Haselbury Vicarage,

Crewkerne, Somerset.

1865 +t Gopman, Frederick Du Cane, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S.,(PRes.,

1891-2; V.-PrEs., 1882-3, 1886, 1889-90, 1902; Councr, 1880-

1, 1900), South Lodge, Lower Beeding, Horsham; and 45, Pont-

street, S.W.

1886 + GoopricH, Captain Arthur Mainwaring, Brislington House, near

Bristol.

1904 Goopwin, Edward, Canon Court, Wateringbury, Kent.

1898 Gorpon, J.G. McH., Corsemalzie, Whauphill, R.S.O., Wigtownshire.

1898 Gorpon,R.S.G. McH.,Corsemalzie, Whauphill, R.S.O., Wigtownshire.

1855 Goruam, The Rev. Henry Stephen, F.Z.S., (Councrt, 1882-3), High-

croft, Great Malvern.

1910 Gorrmann, A. M.S.,94, Niddastrasse, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany.

1909 Gowpey, Carlton C., B.Sc., c/o Dr. A. Gowdey, 209, Camden-road,

N.W.

1911 Graves, P. P., Club de Constantinople, Constantinople, Turkey.

1891 | GreEeN, E. Ernest, Government Entomologist, Royal Botanic

Gardens, Peradeniya, Ceylon ; and Mote Hall, Bearsted, Kent.

(( xen'y,’)

1910 Green, Herbert A., The Central Fire Station, Durban, Natal.

1894 GreEeEn, J. F., F.Z.S., West Lodye, Blackheath, S.E.

1898 GREENSHIELDS, Alexander, 38, Blenheim-gardens, Cricklewood,

N.W.

1893 + GreENWwoopD, Henry Powys, F.L.S., Whitsbury House, Salisbury.

1888 GrirFituHs, G. C., F.Z.S., Penhurst, 3, Leigh-road, Clifton, Bristol.

1894 GrimsHaw, Percy H., Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh.

1905 Grist, Charles J., Elgin House, Knockholt, Sevenoaks,

1909 Grosvenor, G. H., M.A., Blakedown, nr. Kidderminster.

1906 GurRNeEy, Gerard H., Keswick Hall, Norwich.

1910 Gurney, William B., Asst. Govt. Entomologist, Department of

Agriculture, Sydney, Australia.

1906 Hatt, Arthur, 7, Park-lane-mansions, Croydon.

1890 + Hatz, Albert Ernest, Cranfield House, Southwell, Notts.

1885 Hatt, Thomas William, Stanhope, The Crescent, Croydon.

1898 Hamuyn-Harris, R., D.Sc., F.Z.S., F.R.M.S., Director of the Queens-

land Museum, Brisbane, Australia.

1891 Hampson, Sir George Francis, Bart., B.A., F.Z.S., (V.-PREs., 1898 ;

CounciL, 1896-8), 62, Stanhope-gardens, 8.W.

1891 Hawnpoury, Frederick J., F.L.8S., Brockhurst, E. Grinstead.

1905 + Hancock, Joseph L., 5466, Lexington Avenue, Chicago, U.S.A.

1903 Harg, E. J.. Dunham, Boscombe, Hants. ,

1904 Harris, Edward, St. Conan’s, Chingford, Essex.

1897 * Harrison, Albert, F.L.S., F.C.S., Delamere, Grove-road, South

Woodford, Essex.

1910 Harwoop, Philip, 23, Northgate End, Bishop’s Stortford.

1910 Hawksuaw, J. C., Hollycombe, Sussex.

1910 Hepesgs, Alfred van der, 42, Kensington Park Gardens, W.

1910 HenpeErson, J., Clifton, Ashbourne, Derby.

1898 Hero, Francis A., B.A., Abbeyfield, Harpenden.

1903 Herrop, William, W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford-road, Luton,

Beds.

1908 Hewirr, C. Gordon, D.Sc., Central Experimental Farm, Dept. of

Agricultwre, Ottawa, Canada.

1876 + Hituman, Thomas Stanton, Hastgate-street, Lewes.

1907 Hoar, Thomas Frank Partridge, Mercia, Albany-road, Leighton-

Buzzard.

1888 Hopson, The Rev. J. H., B.A., B.D., Rhyddington, Clifton Drive,

Lytham.

1902 Hots, R.§., c/o Messrs. King and Co., Bombay.

1910 Ho.rorp, H. Oliver, Elstead Lodge, Godalming, Surrey.

1887 Ho.tianp, The Rev. W. J., D.D., Ph.D., 5th Avenue, Pitisburg,

Penn., U.S.A.

1898 Hotman-Hunvt, C. B., Asst. Entomologist, Department of Agri-

culture, Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States.

1910 Ho.umes, Edward Morrell, Ruthven, Sevenoaks.

G xviii)

1901 Hopson, Montagu F., L.D.S., R.C.S.Eng., F.L.S., 30, Thurlow-road,

Rosslyn Hill, N.W.

1897 Horne, Arthur, 60, Gladstone-place, Aberdeen,

1903 Hoveuron, J. T., 1, Portland-place, Worksop.

1907 t Howarp, C. W., Entomologist Department of Agriculture, Box 255,

Lourengo Marques, Portuguese East Africa.

1900 Howes, George W., 812, George-street, Dunedin, New Zealand.

1907 Howzert, Frank M., M.A., Wymondham, Norfolk.

1865 + Hupp, A. E., 108, Pembroke-road, Clifton, Bristol.

1888 Hupson, George Vernon, Hill View, Karori, Wellington, New

Zealand,

1907 Huaues, C. N., 3, Wyndham Place, Bryanston-square, W.

1897 ImaaeE, Prof. Selwyn, M.A., (Councrt, 1909-), 20, Fitzroy-street,

Fitzroy-square, W.

1908 Irpy, Captain Leonard Paul, Brook House, Eastry, S.0., Kent.

1891 IsapELy, The Rev. John, Sunnycroft, St. Sennen, R.S.O., Cornwall.

1907 Jack, Rupert Wellstood, Government Entomologist, Department

of Agriculture, Salisbury, Rhodesia.

1907 Jackson, P. H., 112, Balham-park-road, S.W.

1907 Jacopt, Professor A., Ph.D., Director of the R. Zoological and

Anthrop.-Ethnographical Museum, Dresden, Saxony.

1911 Jacoss, Capt. J. J., R.E., 2, Sowthport-street, Gibraltar.

1910 Jacogps, Lionel L., P. O. Bow 445, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario,

Canada.

1869 Janson, Oliver E., Cestria, Claremont-road, Highgate, N.; and 44,

Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.

1898 Janson, Oliver J., Cestria, Claremont-road, Highgate, N.

1886 JENNER, James Herbert Augustus, Hast Gate House, Lewes.

1899 Jennies, F. B., 152, Silver-street, Upper Edmonton, N.

1909 Jepson, Frank P., Department of Agriculture, Suva, Fiji Islands.

1886 JouN, Evan, Llantrisant, R.S.0., Glamorganshire.

1907 Jounson, Charles Fielding, Mayfield, Brinington Crescent, Stockport.

1889 Jonnson, The Rev. W. F., M.A., Acton Rectory, Poyntz Pass,

Co. Armagh.

1908 Jotcry, James J., The Homestead, Abbots Brook, Bourne End, Bucks.

1888 Jones, Albert H., (Counctt, 1898-1900; TREASURER, 1904- ),

Shrublands, Eltham, Kent.

1910 Jones, Ernest P., 7, Sherwin-street, Nantwich-road, Crewe.

1894 + Jorpan, Dr. K., (V.-PReEs., 1909 ; CouncrL, 1909- ), The Museum,

Tring.

1910 Josxpn, E, G., 23, Clanricarde-gardens, W.

1910 Joy, Ernest Cooper, Eversley, Dale-road, Purley.

1902 Joy, Norman H., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Bradfield, Reading.

1884 Kane, W. F. de Vismes, M.A., M.R.L.A., Drumleaske House,

Monaghan.

by seis ¥)

1884 Kappen, A. W., F.L.S., Linnean Society, Burlington House, W.

1876 ¢ Kay, John Dunning, Leeds.

1896 + Kayr, William James, (Councizt, 1906-8), Caracas, Ditton Hill,

Surbiton.

1907 Ketuy, Albert Ernest McClure, Assistant Entomologist, Department

of Agriculture, Pietermaritzburg, Natal, S.A.

1902 Kemp, Stanley W., The Indian Museum, Calcutta.

1890 Kenrick, Sir George H., Whetstone, Somerset-road, Edgbaston,

Birmingham.

1904 KersHaw, G. Bertram, Ingleside, West Wickham, Kent.

1906 Keynes, John Neville, M.A., D.Sc., 6, Harvey-road, Cambridge.

1900 Keys, James H., Morwell, Freedom-villas, Lipson-road, Plymouth.

1911 Kuunan, Kunui, M.A., Asst. Entomologist to the Govt. of Mysore,

Bangalore, South India.

1889 Kine, J. J. F. X., Lecturer on Economic Entomology at the West of

Scotland Agricultural College, 1, Athole Gardens-terrace, Kelvin-

side, Glasgow.

1861 Kirey, William F., F.L.S., (Sec., 1881-5 ; Counctt, 1886), Hilden,

46, Sutton Court-road, Chiswick, W.

1889 KuapALEK, Professor Franz, Karlin 263, Prague, Bohemia.

1887 | Kier, Sydney T., F.LS., F.R.AS., Hatherlow, Raglan-road,

Reigate.

1908 Kyipsrn, Jens Marius.

1911 Kune, Thien Cheng, Guardian Superintendent of Chinese Students

in British India, c/o The Curator, Mysore Govt. Museum, Banga-

lore, India.

1910 Latpraw, William, The Cedars, Eustern-road, Romford, Essex.

1910 Lakin, C. Ernest, M.D., F.R.C.S., 2, Park-crescent, Portland-place, W.

1911 + Lampory, W. A., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Oni Camp, Lagos, W. Africa.

1868 Lana, Colonel A. M., C.B., R.E., Box Grove Lodge, Guildford.

1901 Laray, Percy I., Fox Hall, Enfield.

1895 Larrer, Oswald H., M.A., Charterhouse, Godalming.

1908 Lawn, G. W., Tudor House, Wealdstone, Harrow.

1899 Lea, Arthur M., Government Entomologist, Musewm, Adelaide,

S. Australia.

1901 Lerten, George F., 45, Cuthbert’s Buildings, West-street, Durban,

Natal.

1910 Leics, H.8., The University, Manchester.

1909 LericgH-CuLareE, Reginald L., c/o Messrs. Allen & Gledhill, Solicitors,

Singapore.

1900 LericH-Puiuuies, Rev. W. J., Garfield, Clevedon, Somerset.

1892 Les.iz, J. Henry, 84, Hwron-road, Tooting Common, S.W.

1898 LeTaBriper, Ambrose G., Guards Club, Pall Mall, S.W.

1903 + Levert, The Rev. Thomas Prinsep, Frenchgate, Richmond, Yorks.

1876 Lewis, George, F.L.S., (Counc, 1878, 1884), 87, Frant-road,

Tunbridge Wells.

( a =)

1908 + Lewis, John Spedan, Spedan Towers, Hampstead, N.W., and 277,

Oxford-street, W.

1892 Licurroor, R. M., Bree-st., Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.

1908 Lister, W. K., Street End House, Ash, near Dover.

1903 Lirrier, Frank M., Box 114, P.O., Launceston, Tasmania.

1865 ¢ Luewetyy, Sir John Talbot Dillwyn, Bart, M.A. F.LS.,

Penllergare, Swansea,

1881 + Luoyp, Alfred, F.C.S., Zhe Dome, Bognor.

1885 + Luoyp, Robert Wylie, (Councrr, 1900-1), I, 5 and 6, Albany,

Piccadilly, W.

1903 LorrHousr, Thomas Ashton, The Croft, Linthorpe, Middlesbrough.

1908 Lonespon, D., 20, Holland-park, W.

1904 + Lonestarr, George Blundell, M.D., (V.-PRes., 1909; CounciL,

1907-9), Highlands, Putney Heath, S.W.

1899 Lounssury, Charles P., B.Sc., Government Entomologist, Cape

Town, S. Africa.

1894 Lown, The Rev. Frank E., M.A., St. Stephen’s Vicarage, Guernsey.

1893 Lower, Oswald B., St. Oswalds, Bartley Crescent, Wayville, South

Australia.

1901 Lower, Rupert 8., Davonport-terrace, Wayville, South Australia.

1909 Lucas, Dr. T. P., Wakefield-buildings, Adeluide-street, Brisbane,

Australia.

1898 Lucas, William John, B.A., (CounctL, 1904-6), 28, Knight’s Park,

Kingston-on- Thames.

1880 Lupron, Henry, Courtlands, Chelston, Torquay.

1903 Lye.t, G., Junr., Gisborne, Victoria, Australia.

1901 Lyman, Henry H., M.A., F.R.G.S., 74, MeTavish-street, Montreal,

Canada.

1909 Lyon, Francis Hamilton, 89, Clarence Gate-gardens, Upper Baker-

street, N.W.

1906 McCarrison, D. L., Indian Police Forces, Madras Club, Madras.

1887 M‘DougatL, James Thomas, Dunolly, Morden-road, Blackheath,

S.E.

1910 Macpougatt, R. Stewart, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.E., Edinburgh Uni-

versity.

1888 Mackinnon, P. W., Lynndale, Mussoorie, N.W.P., India.

1900 Mackwoop, The Hon. F. M., M.L.C., Colombo, Ceylon.

1911 Macrean, Dr. Ivan Clarkson, M.D., B.Se., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.,

28, Hill-street, Knightsbridge, S.W.

1899 + Mary, Hugh, B.Sc., (CouncrL, 1908-10), Almondale, Buckingham-

road, South Woodford, N.E.

1911 Mauurnson, Rufus, Oakland, Windermere.

1905 Matty, Charles Wm., M.Sc., Graham’s Town, Cape Coloiy.

1887 Manpers, Lieut.-Colonel Neville, R.A.M.C., F.Z.S., c/o Sir C.

McGrigor, 25, Charles-street, St. Jumes’s-square, 8.W.

1892 Manssringg, William, 4, Norwich-road, Wavertree, Liverpool.

1894 f Marswatt, Alick, Auchinraith, Bexley, S.O., Kent.

1895 MarsHatt, Guy Anstruther Knox, F.Z.S., (Councin, 1907-8),

6, Chester-place, Hyde Park-square, W.

1896 Marswatt, P., M.A., B.Se., F.G.S., University School of Mines,

Dunedin, New Zealand,

1856 | Marswaty, William, V.M.H., F.R.H.S., Auchinraith, Bexley, S.O.,

Kent.

1897 Martinrav, Alfred H., 54, Holly-lane, W. Smethwick.

1910 + Mason, C. W., St. Denis, Shaftesbury, Dorset.

1895 Massey, Herbert, Ivy-Lea, Burnage, Didsbury, Manchester.

1865 -MarnHew, Gervase F., F.L.S., Paymaster-in-chief, R.N., (CounciL,

1887), Lee House, Dovercourt, Harwich.

1887 MatrHews, Coryndon, Stentaway, Plymstock, S. Devon.

1900 Maxwe.t-Lerroy, H., Imperial College of Science and Technology,

South Kensington, S.W.

1899 May, Harry Haden, Blackfriars House, Plymouth.

1904 MerapE-Watpo, Geoffrey, Hever Warren, Edenbridge, Kent, and

British Musewm (Natural History), Cromwell-road, S.W.

1872 f Metpoua, Professor Raphael, F.R.S., F.C.S., (PREs., 1895-6 ;

V.-PREs., 1881, 1884, 1897, 1903, 1908 ; Sxc., 1876-80 ; CouNcIL,

1874-5, 1884-5, 1889-92, 1903, 1907-8), 6, Brunswick-square,

W.C.

1885 Metvitt, James Cosmo, M.A., F.L.S., Meole Brace Hall, Shrewsbury.

1887 MERRIFIELD, Frederic (PrEs., 1905-6 ; V.-PRES., 1893, 1907 ; SEc.,

1897-8 ; CouncIL, 1894, 1899), 14, Clifton-terrace, Brighton.

1906 Merriman, Gordon, The Quick Laboratory, New Museums,

Cambridge.

1905 Merry, Rev. W. Mansell, M.A., St. Michael’s, Oxford.

1888 Meyer-Darcis, G., 5, Viale Poggio Imperiale, Florence.

1880 Meyrick, Edward, B.A. F.RS., F.Z.S., Thornhanger, Marl-

borough.

1894 Mratz, Louis Compton, F.R.S. (Councrn, 1903, 1908), Norton Way

N., Letchworth.

1908 MrppueTon, Ivan E., 11, High-street, Serampore, Bengal.

1883 Minzs, W. H., The New Club, Calcutta.

1910 Minar, F. Grahame, The Tangga Batu Rubber Co., Malacca,

Straits Settlement.

1906 MircHeLi-Hepers, Frederic Albert, 62 d: 65 London Wall, London,

E.C.

1905 Mrrrorp, Robert Sidney, C.B., 35, Redcliffe-square, S.W.

1879 Monreiro, Dr. Antonio Augusto de Carvalho, 70, Rua do Alecrinar,

Lisbon.

1902 Montcomery, Arthur Meadows, 34, Shalimar Gardens, Pembridge-

road, North Acton, W.

1899 Moors, Harry, 12, Lower-road, Rotherhithe.

1907 Moorg, Mrs. Catharine Maria, Holmefield, Oakholme-rd., Sheffield.

1886 Morean, A. C. F., F.L.S., 135, Oakwood-court, Kensington, W.

( <a)

1889 + Morice, The Rey. F. D., M.A., Fellow of Queen’s College, Oxford,

PRESIDENT, (V.-PREs., 1902, 1904 ; CounciL, 1902-4), Brunswick,

Mount Hermon, Woking.

1895 + Morey, Claude, The Hill House, Monk's Soham, Suffolk.

1910

1907

1893

1910

1900

1882

1911

1907

1911

Morner, Count Birger, Consul for H.M. the King of Sweden,

Sydney, Australia.

Mortimer, Charles H., Royton Chase, Byfleet, Surrey.

Morron, Kenneth J., 138, Blackford-road, Edinburgh.

Mose Ly, Martin E., 21, Alexwandra-court, Queen’s-gate, S.W.

Moser, Julius, 59, Bulow-strasse, Berlin.

Mostey, 8. L., The Musewm and Technical College, Huddersfield.

Moss, Rev. A. Miles, Helm, Windermere.

Mouton, John C., The Hall, Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts,

MounseEy, J. Jackson, 24, Glencairn-crescent, Edinburgh.

1901 + Murr, Frederick, H.S.P.A. Experiment Station, Honolulu, Oahu, H.T.

1869 + Miuuer, Albert, F.R.G.S., (Councrn, 1872-3), c/o Herr A. Miiller-

1906

1909

1903

1901

1907

1909

1890

1909

1886

1906

1878

1895

1908

1877

Mechel, Grenzacherstrasse, 60, Basle, Switzerland.

Muscuamp, Percy A. H., Institut, Stiifa, nr. Zurich, Switzerland.

MusHaom, John F., 53, Brook-street, Selby, Yorks.

NEAvVE, 8. A., B.A., Mill Green Park, Ingatestone.

Nevinson, E. B., Morland, Cobham, Surrey.

Newman, Leonard Woods, Bexley, Kent.

NewstTeEaD, Alfred, The Grosvenor Museum, Chester.

NewsteEaD, Robert, M.Sc., A.L.S., Hon. F.R.H.S., Dutton Memorial

Professor of Entomology, The School of Tropical Medicine, Univer-

sity of Liverpool.

NicHotson, Gilbert W., M.A., M.D., Cancer Hospital Research

Institute, Brompton, 8.W.

NicuHoson, William E., School Hill, Lewes.

Nix, John Ashburner, Tilgate, Crawley, Sussex.

NorripGe, Thomas, Ashford, Kent.

Norsk, Lt.-Colonel C. G., Timworth Hall, Bury St. Edmunds.

Norsk, H. A., Botanical Department, Trinidad, B.W.LI.

OBERTHUR, René, Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine), France.

1893 + OGLE, Bertram S., Steeple Aston, Oxfordshire.

1910

1873

1895

1907

1911

1883

OLDAKER, Francis A., M.A., The Red House, Haslemere.

OLIviER, Ernest, Ramillons, prés Moulins (Allier), France.

Paag, Herbert E., Bertrose, Gellatly-road, St. Catherine's Park, S.E.

PeaD, Clement H., Box 252, Bulawayo, South Africa.

PEARSON, Douglas, Chilwell House, Chilwell, Notts.

PérinGuEy, Dr. Louis, South African Museum, Cape Town, South

Africa.

1903 + Perkins, R. C. L., M.A., D.Sc., F.Z.S., Park Hill House, Paignton,

Devon, and Board of Agriculture, Division of Entomology,

Honolidu, Hawaii.

emia -)

1879 PrERKINsS, Vincent Robert, Wotton-under-Edge.

1907 ¢ Perrins, J. A. D., 3rd Seaforth Highlanders, Daxenham, Malvern.

1897 Puiniips, Hubert C., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., 262, Gloucester-terrace, Hyde-

park, W.

1903 ¢ Putuires, Montagu A., F.R.G.S., F.Z.S., 22, Petherton-road, High-

bury New Park, N.

1901 Pickett, C. P., 28, Colwith-road, Leytonstone, S.E.

1891 PierRcz, Frank Nelson, 1, The Elms, Dingle, Liverpool.

1903 PincHER, Colonel Jesse George, I.M.S., F.R.C.S., 133, Gloucester.

road, Kensington, S.W.

1910 Pinuar, A. Raman, University Union, Edinburgh, and Trivan-

dram, India.

1885 Pout, J. R. H. Neerwort van der, Driebergen, Netherlands.

1870 ¢ Porritt, Geo. T., F.L.S., lm Lea, Dalton, Huddersjield.

1884 + PouLTon, Professor Edward B., D.Sc., M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.GS.,

F.Z.S., Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford,

(Pres., 1903-4 ; V.-Pres., 1894-5, 1902, 1905 ; CouncrL, 1886-8,

1892, 1896, 1905-7), Wykeham House, Banbury-road, Oxaford.

1905 Powe.., Harold, 7, Rue Mireille, Hyéres (Var), France.

1906 Pratt, H.C., Government Entomologist, Federated Malay States,

Kuala Lumpur, Malay States.

1908 Prarr, William B., 10, Lion Gate Gardens, Richmond, Surrey.

1878 Prick, David, 48, West-street, Horsham.

1908 PripEaux, Robert M., Woodlands, Brasted Chart, Sevenoaks.

1904 PrisKE, Richard A. R., 9, Melbourne Avenue, West Ealing.

1911 Provuproot, Rev. Samuel, 6, Lyme-grove, Altrincham, Cheshire.

1893 Prout, Louis Beethoven, (CounciL, 1905-7), 62, Graham-road,

Dalston, N.E.

1910 Punnert, Professor Reginald Crundall, M.A., Caius College,

Cambridge. *

1900 Rarnsow, William J., The Australian Musewm, Sydney, N.S. W.

1907 Raywarp, Arthur Leslie, 3, Albert Mansions, Lansdowne Road,

Croydon.

1893 Ret, Captain Savile G., late R.E., Zhe Elms, Yalding, Maidstone.

1898 Rewron, R. H., c/o Perkins and Co., Ltd., Brisbane, Queensland.

1898 Reuter, Professor Enzio, Helsingfors, Finland.

1910 De Rus#-Puinipr, G. W. V., c/o Grindlay & Co., Hustings-street,

Calcutta.

1894 * Ripine, William Steer, B.A., M.D., Stamlands, Buckerell, Honiton.

1908 Rrppon, Claude, M.A., 28, Walton-street, Oxford.

1905 Rosrnson, Herbert C., Curator of State Museum, Kuala Lumpur,

Selangor.

1904 Rosinson, Lady, Worksop Manor, Notts.

1892 Roprnson, Sydney C., 10, Inchmory-road, Cutford, S.E.

1869 ¢ Roprnson-Dovetas, William Douglas, M.A., F.L.S., F.R.G.S.,

Orchardton, Castle Douglas.

alll xxiv )

1908 RoGers, The Rev. K. St. Aubyn, M.A., Rabai, Mombasa, British

East Africa.

1909 * Rotnason, Wm. Alfred, Lamorna, 7'rwro, Cornwall.

1886 Rosg, Arthur J., 1, Harewood-road, 8. Croydon.

1907 Rosrnspera, W. F. H., 57, Haverstock-hill, N.W.

1868 Roruney, George Alexander James, Pembury, Tudor-road, Upper

Norwood, S.E.

1894 + Roruscaiip, The Honble. Nathaniel Charles, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S.,

(CounciL, 1904), Arwndel-house, Kensington Palace Gardens, W.

1888 ¢ RoruscuiLp, The Honble. Walter, D.Se., F.L.S., F.Z.S., (Councrn,

1900), Zoological Museum, Tring.

1890 RovuriepaE, G. B., Tarn Lodge, Heads Nook, Carlisle.

1887 Rownanp-Brown, Henry, M.A., (V.-PRes., 1908, 1910; Sec.,

1900-10), Oxhey-grove, Harrow Weald.

1910 RupGeE, Miss Carlotta, 1, Hamilton House, Grove-end-road, St.

John's Wood, N.W.

1910 Rupee, Charles Henry, 1, Hamilton House, Grove-end-road, St.

John’s Wood, N.W.

1898 RussELL, A., Wilverley, Dale-road, Purley.

1892 RussEL1, S. G. C., 19, Lombard-street, E.C.

1899 RyweEs, William E., B.A., 14, Arthur-street, Nottingham.

1905 Sr. Quintin, W. H., Scampton Hall, Rillington, York.

1906 Sampson, Colonel F. Winn, 20, Arundel Mansions, 8.W., and Junior

Carlton Club, Pall Mall, 8.W.

1910 Saunvers, H. A., Brookfield-house, Swanage.

1886 SaunpErs, Prof. Wm., Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada.

1901 Scuauvs, W., F.Z.S., 97, Elm Park Gardens, S.W.

1907 ScHMassMan, W., Bewlah Lodge, London-road, Enfield, N.

1881 Scouuick, A. J., 8, Mayfield-road, Merton Park, Wimbledon.

1911 Scorer, Alfred George, Hill Crest, Chilworth, Guwildford.

1909 Scorr, Hugh, B.A., University Musewm of Zoology, Cambridge.

1911 Scorr, Perey William Affleck, Chinese Imperial Customs Service,

Hangchow, China.

1911 SExovs, Cuthbert F., M.D., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Agra, Barton-on-

Sea, New Milton, Hants.

1911+ Sennett, Noel Stanton, 32, Bolton-gardens, S. Kensington, 8.W.

1862 Swarp, David, M.A., M.B., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S. (Pres., 1887-8 ;

V.-Pres., 1889, 1891-2, 1896, 1902-3; Sxc., 1867; Counc,

1893-5, 1902-4), Lawnside, Brockenhurst, Hants.

1902 SHarp, W. E., 9, Queen’s-road, South Norwood, 8.E.

1886 SHaw, George T. (Librarian of the Liverpool Free Public Library),

William Brown-street, Liverpool.

1905 SHetpon, W. George, Youlgreave, South Croydon.

1901 | SHELFoRD, Robert, M.A., F.Z.S., (Counctt, 1907-8), University

Museum (Hope Department), Oxford.

1900 | SHePHEARD-Watwyyn, H. W., M.A., Dalwhinnie, Kenley, Surrey.

1887

1909

1911

1904

1902

1904

1902

1907

1906

1901

1911

1898

1885

1908

1889

1910

1898

1910

1896

1900

1895

1882

1908

1884

1894

1876

1911

1910

1908

1911

1893

1911

1903

1910

1909

1910

1901

1892

(c\ eay )

Sicu, Alfred, (Councin, 1910- ), Corney House, Chiswick, W.

* SILVERLOCK, Oscar C,, c/o P. M. O. Livingstone, Esq., N.W. Rhodesiu,

S. Africa.

Smes, James A., 2, The Bryn, Whitehall-road, Woodford, Essex.

Srmmonps, Hubert W., Sussex View, Tunbridge Wells.

SLaDEN, Frederick William Lambart, The Firs, Ripple, Dover.

Surpper, The Rev. T. J. R. A., M.A., Tivetshall Rectory, Norwich.

Storer, Gerard Orby, F.Z.S., J.P., Badminton Club, Piccadilly, W.

Sty, Harold Baker, Mapledean, Ringley-avenue, Horley.

SmauutMay, Raleigh S., Homeside, Devonshire Park, Eastbourne.

Smirn, Arthur, County Museum, Lincoln.

Smiru, B. H., B.A., Edgehill, Warlingham, Surrey.

Sorp, Erasmus John Burgess, F.R.Met.S,

Soutn, Richard, (Councin, 1890-1), 96, Drakefield-road, Upper

Tooting, S.W.

Speyer, Edward R., Ridgehurst, Shenley, Herts.

SranpeEv, Richard S., F.L.S., (Councrt, 1906), Townlands, Lindfield,

Sussex.

Sranuey, The Rev. Hubert George, Marshfield Vicarage, Cardiff.

Srarsgs, C. L. B., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., The Limes, Swanley Junction,

Kent.

SrepBine, Henry, Chasewood, Rownd Oak Wood, Weybridge.

StTeNTON, Rupert, St. Edward’s, St. Mary Church, Torquay.

SroneHay, Hugh Frederick, Lieut. E. Surrey Regt., Kinsale, Co.Cork.

SrrRicKLaAnpD, T. A. Gerald, Southcott, Poulton, Fairford.

Strupp, E. A. C., Kerremens, British Columbia.

Strupp, E. F., M.A., B.C.L., Oxton, Exeter.

Swanzy, Francis, The Quarry, Sevenoaks.

Swierstray, Commr. T., Ist Assistant, Transvaal Museum, Pretoria.

SwinHog, Colonel Charles, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., (V.-PRES., 1894 ;

Councin, 1891-3 ; 1902-4), 6, Gunterstone-road, Kensington, W.

SwinuHog, Ernest, 6, Gunterstone-road, Kensington, W.

Swinton, A. H., Oak Villa, Braishfield, Romsey, Hants.

Swynverton, C. F. M., Mt. Chirinda, Melsetter, S.-E. Rhodesia.

Tait, Robt., junr., Roseneath, Hurborough-road, Ashton-on-Mersey.

Tazot, G., 17, Steeles-road, Haverstock-hill, N.W.

Tautz, P. H., Cranleigh, Pinner, Middlesex.

Taytor, Charles B., Gap, Lancaster County, Penn., U.S.A.

TayLor, Frank, Technological Museum, Sydney, N.S.W.

Taytor, Thomas Harold, M.A., Yorkshire College, Leeds.

* Terry, Frank Wray, P.O. Box 411, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Terttey, Alfred, M.A., 22, Avenwe-road, Scarborough.

THEOBALD, F. V., M.A., Wye Cowrt, Wye.

THompson, Matthew Lawson, 40, Gosford-street, Middlesbrough.

THORNLEY, The Rey. A., M.A., F.L.S., “ Hughenden,” Coppice-road,

Nottingham.

( soem)

1907 Tintyarp, R. J., BA., Kuranda, Mount Errington, Hornsby, New

South Wales.

1911 Topp, R. G., The Limes, Hadley Green, N.

1897 Tomy, J. R. le B., M.A., (Counctn 1911- ), Stoneley, Alexandra-

road, Reading.

1907 Tonee, Alfred Ernest, Aincroft, Reigate, Surrey.

1907 TraGarpu, Dr. Ivar, The University, Upsala, Sweden.

1859 ¢ TRimEN, Roland, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., (PREs., 1897-8; V.-PREs.,

1896, 1899 ; CounctL, 1868, 1881, 1890), Fawley, Onslow-crescent,

Woking.

1906 TryYHANE, George E., Pedro Miguel Canal Zone, Panama.

1906 Turtocn, Major James Bruce Gregorie, The King’s Own Yorkshire

Light Infantry; Head Quarters, South China Command, Hong

Kong.

1895 Tunatry, Henry, 13, Begmead-avenue, Streatham, S.W.

1910 Turati, Conte Emilio, 4, Piazza S. Alessandro, Milan, Italy.

1898 Turner, A. J., M.D., Wickham Terrace, Brisbane, Australia.

1893 TurNER, Henry Jerome, (Councit, 1910- ), 98, Drakefell-road,

St. Catherine’s Park, Hatcham, 8.E.

1906 Turner, Rowland E.,(Councrt, 1909-10), 21, Emperor’s Gate, S.W.

1894 Turner, Thomas, Cullompton, Devon.

1893 Uricu, Frederick William, C.M.Z.S., Port of Spain, Trinidad,

British West Indies.

1904 7 VauGuan, W., Badulla, India.

1866 * VERRALL, George Henry, (PREs., 1899, 1900; V.-PREs., 1892-3,

1902, 1907; Sec., 1873-4; CounciL, 1891, 1897-8; 1903-4,

1907-8), Sussex Lodge, Newmarket.

1909 Vivier, Leopold A., The Carmelite Stone House, Rye, Sussex.

1911 Vrrauts, R., Commis de 1 classe, Pnom-Penk, Cambodia, French

Indo-China.

1895 WacHeEr, Sidney, F.R.C.S., Dane John, Canterbury.

1899 Wane, Albert, 12, Cadogan-place, Preston, Lancashire.

1897 Watnwricat, Colbran J., (CounciL, 1901), 45, Handsworth Wood-

road, Handsworth, Birmingham.

1878 WatkeEr, James J.. M.A., R.N., F.L.S., (Councit, 1894, 1897-8 ;

Secretary, 1905- ), Aorangi, Lonsdale-road, Summertown,

Oxford.

1863 + Watiace, Alfred Russel, O.M., D.C.L. Oxon., F.R.S., F.LS.,

F.Z.S., (PREs., 1870-1; V.-PREs., 1864, 1869; CouNcIL, 1866,

1872), Broadstone, Wimborne, Dorset.

1866 + WatsrncHaM, The Right Honble. Lord, (PREs., 1889-90 ; V.-PREs.,

1882, 1888, 1891-2, 1894-5; Councrn, 1896), British Museum

(Natural History), Cromwell-road, 8.W.

1910 Warp, John J., Rusinurbe House, Somerset-road, Coventry.

1908

1886

1869

(: xvi»)

WaRREN, Brisbane C.S., Innis, Claygate, Surrey.

WarREN, Wmm., M.A., East Croft, Langdon-street, Tring, Herts.

WarteERHOUSE, Charles O., I.S.0., (PRES., 1907-8 ; V.-Prxs., 1900,

1909 ; CounciL, 1873, 1882-3; 1898-1900), Ingleside, Avenue-

gardens, Acton, W.

1901 +} WATERHOUSE, Gustavus A., B.Sc., F.C.S., Allonrie, Stanhope-road

1904

1893

1908

Killara, New South Wales, Australia.

Watson, The Rev. N. Beresford, S#. Martin's Vicarage, St. Philip,

Barbados, W. Indies.

Wess, John Cooper, 218, Upland-road, Dulwich, S.E.

WELLMAN, F. Creighton, M.D., U.S. Musewm, Washington, U.S.A.

1876 | WestERN, E. Young, 36, Lancaster Gute, Hyde Park, W.

1886

1906

1910

1907

1911

1906

1903

1896

1910

1911

1894

1900

1881

1905

1888

1892

WHEELER, Francis D., M.A., LL.D., Bracondale Cottage, Lower

Hellesdon, Norwich. 0

WHEELER, The Rev. George, M.A., F.Z.5., (SecrETARY, 1911- ), 37,

Gloucester-place, W.

Wuite, Edward Barton, M.R.C.S., Cardiff City Mental Hospital,

Cardiff.

WuitE, Harold J., 42, Nevern-square, Kensington, S.W.

Wuitenouss, H. Beckwith, M.S., F.R.C.S., 52, Newhall-street, Bir-

mingham.

WuirtineHaM, Rev. W. G., Knighton Rectory, Leicester.

Wickwar, Oswin 8., Charlemont, Gregory-road, Colombo, Ceylon.

Wiaarns, Clare A., M.R.C.S., Entebbe, Uganda.

Witemay, A. E., H.B.M. Consul, Manila, Philippine Islands.

Wittcocks, Frank C., Entomologist to the Khedivial Agricultural

Society, Cairo, Egypt.

WiuiaMs, C. B., Mostyn-road, Merton, Surrey.

WotteEy-Don, F. H., Millarville P. O., Alberta, N.W.T., Canada.

Woop, H., Kennington, near Ashford, Kent.

Woop, The Rev. Theodore, The Vicarage, Lyford-road, Wandsworth

Common, 8. W.

WoopsRIDGE, Francis Charles, The Briars, Gerrard’s Cross, S.O.,

Bucks.

YerBuRY, Colonel John W., late R.A., F.Z.S., (Councin, 1896,

1903-5), Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall, S.W.

YoupaLE, William Henry, F.R.M.S., 21, Belle-Isle-street, Work-

ington.

( xxviii )

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY

DvuRING THE YEAR 191].

Aperz (Gottfrid). Lefnadsforhallanden och Instinkter inom Familjerna

Pompilidae och Sphegidae, 1IT.

[Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. Band 45, No. 12, 1910.]

By Exchange.

ANNANDALE (N.). Fauna of British India. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids

and Polyzoa, 1911. The India Office.

Notes: Correction as regards the Ceylon species of Phlehotomus.

{Spolia Zeylanica, Vol. VII, Pt. XX VII, May 1911.]

The Author.

Avurivittius (Chr.). Svensk Insektfauna, 13. Steklar Hymenoptera, 1.

Gaddsteklar Aculeata, Formicidae. Stockholm och Uppsala,

1903-1908.

Von Dr. I. Tragirdh in Natal und dem Zululande gesammelten

Cerambyciden.

[Ent. Tidskr., 1908.]

Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia, 10.

[Arkiv for Zoologi. Band 4, 1908.)

Cerambyciden.

{Deukschr. mediz.—naturw. Ges. Bd. XIII, 1908.]

Neue Coleoptera Longicornia.

[Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1908, ]

——_—— Cerambyciden aus den Grenzgebieten zwischen Peru und Bolivien,

[Arkiv for Zoologi. Band 5, 1908.]

————— Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Afrika, 9.

[Arkiv for Zoologi. Band 5, 1909.]

——-—— Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera und Heterocera (Pars I), von Madagaskar,

den Comoren und den Inseln Ostafrikas.

[Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903-1905. Wissensch. Ergebn.

Zweiter Band, 1909. }

———— Carl von Linné als Entomolog.

[Jena, 1909. ]

———— Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Lonyicornia.

[Arkiv for Zoologi. Band 7, 1910.}

——_—— Schmetterlinge Gesammelt in Westafrika, von Leonardo Fea in den

Jahren 1897-1902.

[Ann. Museo Civico di Storia Nat. Genova, 1910.]

——_—— Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der Schwedischen zoologischen expedi-

tion nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden

massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906. Coleoptera, 11 ;

Cerambycidae, 21; Curculionidae. Lepidoptera, 9. 1908-1910.

The Author.

AusTEN (E. E.). A Handbook of the Tsetse-Flies. London, 1911.

By Exchange.

Racor (A. W.). The persistence of Bacillus pyocyaneus in pupae and

imagines of Musca domestica raised from larvae experimentally

infected with the Bacillus.

{ Parasitology, Vol. IV, No. 1, March 31, 1911.] The Author.

( xi )

Bangs (C. 8.). A Manual of Philippine Silk Culture.

{Philippine Journ. Sci., Manila, 1911.]

Philippine Bureau Science.

Barser (T. C.). Damage to Sugar Cane in Louisiana by the Sugar-Cane

Borer (Diatraea saccharalis, Fab.).

LU. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 139, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

BarGaGut (P.). Di un Altro insetto nocivo al Populus canadensis, Desf.

[Atti R. Accad. Georgofili, Vol. VIII, 1911.] The Author.

Beare (T. Hudson). Retrospect of a Coleopterist for 1910.

[Entom. Rec., Vol. XXIII, 1911.] The Author.

Bericur iiber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der Entom-

ologie wahrend des Jahres 1907-1909.

{Published in 1909-1911. By W. La Baume, K. Griinberg, G. Illig,

R. Lucas, F. W. Rithe, H. Schouteden, G. Seidlitz, and E.

Strand. | Purchased.

BERNHAUER (M.) et ScuusBert (K.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. ]

BisHorr (F. C.). An annotated bibliography of the Mexican Cotton Boll

Weevil.

(U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 140, 1911.]

——-— The distribution of the Rocky Mountain Spotted-fever Tick.

[U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 136, March 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

———— [See Hunter (W, D.).|

Bortvak (Ignacio). Analecta Orthopterologica.

[An. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Tomo VII, 1878].

———— Notas Entomoldgicas.

[An. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Tomo X, 1881.]

———— Sobre la estructura de las patas prensoras de la Mantispa perla,

Pallas.

[An. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1882. ]

———— Artrépodos del Viaje al Pacifico. Insectos : Neurdpteros y Ortépteros.

[Madrid, 1884. ]

———— Ortdépteros de Africa del Museo de Lisboa.

{Jorn. Sci. Math., Phys. e Nat., 2d serie, Nos. III, IV, 1889, 1890.]

———— Diagnosis de Ortépteros Nuevos.

[An. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Tomo XIX, 1890. ]

Ortdépteros recogidos en las Azores por el Sr. Affonso Chaves.

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1891.]

———— Noticias Entomoldgicas.

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1892.]

—-— Liste des Orthoptéres recueillis en Syrie par le Dr. Th. Barrois.

[Rev. Biol. du Nord de la France, Tome V, 1892-1893. ]

———— Voyage de M. Ch. Alluaud dans le territoire d’Assinie (Afrique

occidentale) en juillet et aodt, 1886. Orthoptéres.

{Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr., 1893.]

———— Viaje de M. Ch. Alluand a las Islas Canarias. Ortépteros de las Islas

Canarias.

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1893.]

————— Tableau pour la détermination des espéces du genre T'rywalis, F.

[Feuille des Jeunes Nat., No. 275, Sept. 1893.]

———— Ad cognitionem Orthopterorum Europae et confinium.

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1893, 1894. |

Ortépteros recogidos por el Sr. Uraz en la cuenca del Rio Atalapo,

afluente del Amazonas.

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1896, ]

————. Taentosoma sanchezt, gen. et sp. nov.

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1897.]

- az )

Bottvar (Ignacio). Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regione vicine :

Nouvelle espéce cavernicole de la famille des Blattaires.

[Ann. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Genova, 1897.]

——_—-— Insectos recogidos en Cartagena por D. José Sanchez Gomez.

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1897.]

Nueva especie de Mantido europeo (A meles paut).

[ Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1898.)

————— Contributions 4 l'étude des Acridiens espéces de la faune Indo et

Austro-Malaisenne.

{Ann. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Genova, 1898. ]

Ortépteros recogidos en Marruecos por D. Jerénimo Olcese.

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1898.]

——-—— Ortépteros nuevos de Borneo y de Nueva Guinea.

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1898.]

———— Notas entomoldgicas (Aphlebia chavesi, sp. nov., and Anaxiphus

averni, Costa).

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1898.]

———— Revisién de los Pirgomorphinos de la Seccién ‘‘ Ommexechae.”

[Revista Chilena de Hist. Nat., Tomo III, 1899.]

——-—— Observaciones acerca de la primera mérfosis de la Langosta (Stau-

ronotus maroccanus, Thunberg).

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1899.]

Dos formas larvarias de Lampiridos.

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1899.]

———— Anaételia, género nuevo de Forfictilido de las Islas Canarias.

[Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1899. ]

——— El género Taeniopoda, Stal.

[Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1901.]

——— Un nuevo Ortdéptero mirmecéfilo Attaphila bergi.

{Comun. Museo Nac. Buenos Aires, Tomo I, 1901.]

——-——. Les Orthoptéres de St. Joseph’s College 4 Trichonopoly (sud de

l’Inde), Parts I-III.

{Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1897, 1900, 1902.]

———— Nuevo Helioscirtus de Rio de Oro.

[ Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1902.]

——-——— Apuntes para el estudio de los Pérlidos de Espana.

[Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1902.]

———— Observaciones sobre la Ephippigera coronata, A. Costa.

{Ann. Mus, Zool. Napoli (Nuova Serie), Vol. L, 1903. |

Contributions a l'étude des Mecopodinae.

[Ann. Mus, Nat. Hung., I, 1903. ]

Nuevas especies de Eumastacinos.

[Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1903.]

————- El género Phymateus, Thunberg.

[Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1903. ]

————— Algunos Conocefalinos Sud-Americanos.

[ Revista Chilena de Hist. Nat., Ano VII, 1903.]

Notas sobre los Pirgomérfidos (Pyrgomorphidae), I, Subfam.

Sphenariinae.

{Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1904. ]

———— Notas sobre los Pirgomérfidos (Pyrgomorphidae).

[ Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1904, 1905.]

————-— Sobre algunos Decticinos Africanos.,

[Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1905.

———— (Ignacio). Ortdépteros Acridioideos de la Guinea Espanola,

{Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Tomo I, 1905.}

() Seat)

Botivar Nueva especie de Xzphidzum de las Azores.

[Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1905.]

———— Conocéphalides de la Nouvelle-Guinée appartenant au Musée de

Budapest.

[Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., ITI, 1905.]

———— El genero Tetraconcha, Karsch.

[Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1906.]

———— Rectificaciones y observaciones ortopteroldgicas.

[Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1906.]

———— Fasgonurideos de la Guinea Espanola.

[Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Tomo I, 1906.]

Los Pamphagus de Marruecos.

[Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1907.]

——-— Revision des Ephippigerinae.

[Ann. Sci. Nat., Neuvieme série, V, 1907. |

———— Description d’une espéce nouvelle d’Orthoptére de la famille des

Blattidés (Ectobia kervillez, Bol.).

[Bull. Soc. des Amis Sci. Nat. Rouen, 1907.]

———— Note sur les Orthoptéres recueillis par M. Henri Gadeau de Kerville

en Khroumirie (Tunisie).

[Voyage Zool. en Khroumirie, Paris, 1908. }

————Uber die Gattung Amorphoscelis, Stal.

[Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1908. ]

———— Mantidos de la Guinea Espanola.

[Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Tomo I, 1908.]

—-— Dos nuevas especies de Hololampra de Marruecos.

[Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1908.

———— Algunos Ortépteros nuevos de Espana, Marruecos y Canarias.

[Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1908. ]

re AER gel. nov., nuevo género préximo al Acrida (L.),

tal.

[Bol, Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1908.]

———— Acridiens d’Afrique du Musée royal d’Histoire naturelle de

Belgique.

[Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg., Tome XVI, 1908.]

———— Orthoptera, Fam. Acridiidae, Subfam. Pyrgomorphinae.

[Wytsman’s Gen. Ins. 90™* fascicule, 1909. |

El Argas reflexus en Espana.

[Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1909. ] The Author.

BRAUCcHER (R. W.). [See Quarntance (A. L.).]

Brown (H. Rowland). Notes on a Butterfly Hunt in France in 1910.

[Entomologist, 1910 and 1911.] The Author.

Berr (Malcolm). Dermaptera.

[Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afric. Exped., 1907-1908. ]

The Author.

Fauna of British India, Dermaptera (Earwigs), 1910.

The India Office.

—— A Revision of the Genus Diplatys (Serv.) (Dermaptera).

[Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911. ]

——_—— Brachypterous Earwigs.

[Entomologist, June 1911. ]

———— Note sur la Distribution en Angleterre du Forficula lesne?, Finot.

[Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1911.]

Notes on the Forficularia.—X VIII. More new Species.

[Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., July 1911.]

——~—— Notes on the Forficularia.—XIX. On little-known Earwigs from

Formosa.

[Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., July 1911.]

¢ . <xah )

Burr (Malcolm). On some South African Dermaptera (Earwigs) in the

South African Museum, Cape Town.

{Ann. 8. African Museum, Vol. X, Pt. 1, 1911.]

———— Ueber einige interessante Dermapteren der Dohrn’schen Sammlung.

({Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1911.]

———— Vorlaufige Revision der Labiiden.

{Deutsche Ent. National-Bibliothek, II, 1911.] The Author.

Busck (A.). Descriptious of Tineoid Moths (Microlepidoptera) from South

America.

[Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XL, 1911.]

The Smithsonian Institution.

CarpPENTER (G. H.). Injurious Insects and other Animals observed in

Ireland during the year 1910.

{Econ. Proc. Royal Dublin Soc., Vol. II, 1911.] By Exchange.

Caupett (A. N.). [See Curries (R. P.).]

Cuampion (G. C.). [See Gopman (F. D.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. |

CHITTENDEN (F. H.). A list of Insects affecting stored cereals. The

Mexican Grain-beetle. ‘The Siamese Grain-beetle.

(U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No, 96, Pt. 1, March 1911. ]

Notes on various Truck-crop Insects.

{U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 82, Pt. 7, 1911.]

The Asparagus Miner (dgromyza simplex, Loew) }.

[U.8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 135, March 1911.]

The Broad-nosed Grain Weevil. The Long-headed Flour Beetle.

[U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 96, Pt. 2, 1911.]

The Lesser Grain-borer. The Larger Grain-borer.

(U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 96, Pt.3, March 1911.)

——-— The Fig Moth.

[U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 104, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

-— The Southern Beet-webworm.

{U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 109, Pt. 2, 1911.]

and Popenor (C. H.). Carbon Tetrachlorid asa substitute for Carbon

Bisulphid in Fumigation against Insects.

[U.S, Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 96, Pt. 4, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Ayric.

CockrereE_t (T. D. A.). Bees in the Collection of the United States National

Museum, I.

[Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XIX, 1911.]

—— Bees in the Collection of the United States National Museum.

[Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XL, pp. 241-264, 1911.]

Names applied to Bees of the Genus WVomada found in North

America.

{Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XLI, pp. 225-243, 1911.]

The Smithsonian Institution.

CoLroprerorum Caratocus. Junk (W.) editus a Schenkling (S.). Berlin,

1911.

Pars 27. Raffray (A.). Pselaphidae.

28. Gebien (H.). Tenebrionidae, ITI.

29. Bernhauer (M.) et Schubert (K.). Staphylinidae, II.

30. Dalla Torre (K. W. von). Cioidae.

31. Dalla Torre (K. W. von). Aglycyderidae, Proterrhinidae.

» 32, Csiki (E.). Hydroscaphidae, Ptiliidae.

33. Dalla Torre (K. W. von). Nosodendridae, Byrrhidae,

Dermestidae.

» 34. Kubnt (P.). Erotylidae.

Ritsema (C.). Helotidae.

» 35. Weise (J.). Chrysomelidae: Hispinae.

36. Pic (M.). Anthicidae.

» 37. Gebien (H.). Tenebrionidae,1V. Trictenotomidae.

38. Gillet (J. J. E.). Scarabaeidae: Coprinae, I. Purchased.

C mem |}

Coox (O. F.). New Tropical Millipeds of the Order Merocheta, with an

example of kinetic evolution.

[Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XL, 1911.]

Notes on the distribution of Millipeds in Southern Texas, with

descriptions of New Genera and Species from Texas, Arizona,

Mexico and Costa Rica.

[Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XL, 1911.]

The Hothouse Milliped as a New Genus.

[Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XL, 1911.]

The Smithsonian Institution.

Crawrorp (D. L.). American Psyllidae, I-III (Triozinae); IV (A Partial

Revision of the Subfamilies).

[Pomona Journ, Entom., Vols. IT, III, 1910-11.] The Author.

————(J.C.). New South American Parasitic Hymenoptera.

[Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol, XX XIX, 1910.]

———— Descriptions of New Hymenoptera, I.

[Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XIX, 1911.]

Descriptions of New Hymenoptera, II.

[Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XL, 1911.]

———— Descriptions of New Hymenoptera, III. ,

[Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XLI, 1911.]

The Smithsonian Institution.

Crossy (C. R.). On certain Seed-infesting Chalcis-Flies.

[Cornell Univ. Agric. Exper. Station, Bull. No. 265, April 1909. ]

———— The Apple Red Bugs.

[Cornell Univ. Agric. Exper. Station, Bull. No. 291, 1911.]

The Author.

Csixr (E.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. ]

Currie (R. P.) and Caupett (A. N.). An Index to Circulars 1 to 100 of the

Bureau of Entomology.

[U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 100, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

CusHMaN, (R. A.). Notes on the Peach and Plum Slug.

[U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 97, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

Datta Torre (K. W. von). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. ]

Dzan (W. Be: The Sorghum Midge (Contarinia [Diplosis| sorghicola,

'oq.).

[U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bull. No. 85, Pt. 4 (revised), April 1911].

U.S. Dept. Agric.

Dr Rut-Paitiez (G. W. V.). Notes on some Butterflies from the Indian

Region.

[Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 1911. ] The Author.

Doane (R. W.). An Annotated List of the Literature on Insects and

Disease for the year 1910.

(Journ. Econ. Ent., Vol. IV, No. 4, 1911.] The Author.

Doenin (Paul). Hétérocéres nouveaux de l'Amérique du Sud. Fase. IT, IIT,

and IV, 1911. The Author,

DonistHoRPE (H. St. J. K.). Amphisbatis tncongruella, Stn., probably

myrmecophilous in the Larval Stage, and a few notes on some

other Myrmecophiles.

[Entom. Rec., Vol. XXIII, No. 6, 1911.]

———— Lasius miztus, Nyl., in Britain.

[Entom. Rec., Vol. XXIII, No. 9, 1911.]

———— Myrmecophilous Notes for 1910.

[Entom. Rec., Vol. XXIII, 1911.]

Fourmis et leurs hétes.

[ler Congrés Intern. d’Entom, 1910. Issued 1911.] The Author.

Dvueaar (B. M.). See GRrossENBACHER (J. G.).

Fiske (W. F.). [See Howarp (L. O.).]

( <¥aly )

Foret (A.). Fourmis du Musée de Bruxelles. Fourmis de Benguela

récoltées par M. Creighton-Wellman, et Fourmis de Congo

récoltées MM. Luja, Kohl et Laurent.

{Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., Tome LIII, 1909.]

Fourmis d’Espagne récoltées par M. O. Vogt et Mme. Cécile Vogt.

[Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., Tome LIII, 1909.]

——-—— Ameisen aus Guatemala, u.s.w., Paraguay und Argentinien.

[Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1909.]

———— Apercu sur la distribution géographique et la phylogénie des

Fourmis,

[ler Congrés Intern. d’Entom. 1910.]

———— Formicidae.

[Fortsetzung von, Bd. II. X. Insecta 3te Ser., Jena, 1910.]

———— Fourmis d'Afrique surtout du Musée du Congo Belge.

{Rev. Zool. Africaine, Vol. I., Fase. 2, 1911.]

————— Die Ameisen des K. Zoologischen Museums in Miinchen.

[Sitz. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. der Wissens., 1911. ]

———— Fourmis de Bornéo, Singapore, Ceylan, ete.

[Revue Suisse Zool., Vol. XIX, 1911.]

—————— Fourmis nouvelles ou intéressantes,

[Bull. Soc. Vaudoise des Sciences Nat., Vol. XLVII, 1911. }

Sur le Genre Metapone, n.g., nouveau groupe des Formicides et sur

quelques autres formes nouvelles.

[Revue Suisse Zool., Vol. XIX, 1911.]} The Author.

Fosrer (8. W.). Life-history of the Codling Moth and its Control on Pears

in California.

[U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 97, Pt. 2, 1911.]

U.S, Dept. Agric.

Frocecarr(W. W.). Friendly Insects.

[Dept. Agric. N.S. W., Farmers’ Bull. No. 34, Dec. 1910. ]

———— The Diamond-backed Cabbage Moth.

[Agric. Gazette, N. 8. W., Oct. 1910.]

The French Bean Fly (daromyea ee te Coquillet).

[Agric. Gazette, N. S. W., Feb. 2, 1911.]

———— The Nasal Fly of Shee ‘uibiva se in Australia.

[Agric. Gazette, N.S. W., March 2, 1911.]

——_——— Pests and Diseases of the Coconut Palm.

[Dept. Agric. N. S. W., Science Bull. No. 20, May 1911.]

The Author.

Fuiitaway (David T.). Description of a new Coccid Species, Ceroputo

ambigua, with notes on its Life-history and Anatomy.

{Proc. Davenport Acad. Sciences, Vol. XII, June 1910.]

Davenport Acad, Sciences.

Gerpten (H.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. |

Gress (A. E.). An Algerian Holiday.

{Entomologist, April and May 1911. ] The Author.

Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana, Pts. CCIX, CCX, CCXIa,

1911; JZnsecta, by G. C. Champion, D. Sharp and Lord

Walsingham.

. [Coleoptera concluded in Pt. CCOXIa.] The Editor.

GrrEN (E. Ernest). Insects associated with the Cotton Plant in Ceylon.

{Paper read before the Board of Agriculture on Oct, 18, 1909.)

Entomological Notes.

{Tropical Agriculturist, Vols. XX XIII, Nos. 3,5 (1909), XXXIV,

No. 2 (1910). ]

——— Entomological Notes.

{Spolia Zeylanica, Vol. VII, Pt. 26, Dec. 1910.]

Gooey)

GREEN (E. Ernest). Notes on Current Literature. Economic Entomology.

[Tropical Agriculturist, Vol. XXXIV, No. 3, 1910.]

—_ — Eotacioncal Notes: Tea Chests Damaged by Boring Beetles,

[Tropical Agriculturist, Vol. XXXVI, No. 1, Jan. 1911.]

—-—— Entomological Notes: Remedy for Slugs and Snails.

[Tropical Agriculturist, Vol. XXXVI, No. 2, Feb. 1911.]

———— Entomological Notes: Tea Tortrix.

[Tropical Agriculturist, Vol. XXXVI, No. 4, April 1911.]

———— On some Coccidae affecting Rubber Trees in Ceylon, with descrip-

tions of New Species.

[Journ. Economic Biology, Vol. VI, May 1911.]

—-— The Rubber Slug.

{Circulars and Agric. Journ. Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon, Vol. V,

No. 22, Aug. 1911.] The Author.

GROSSENBACHER (J. G.) and Duccar (B. M.). A Contribution to the

Life-history, Parasitism, and Biology of Botryosphaeria ribis.

{New York Agric. Exper. Station, Techn. Bull. No. 18, July 1911.]

N. York Exper. Station.

Guppy (P. L.). The Life-history and Control of the Cacao Beetle (Stezra-

stoma depressum, L,).

[Dept. Agric., Trinidad, Circular No, 1, May 1911.]

Dept. Agric., Trinidad.

———— [See Uricu (F. W.).]

———— and Tuornrton (T.). The Cotton Stainer Bug.

[Board of Agric., Trinidad and Tobago, Circular No. 6, 1911.]

Dept. Agric., Trinidad.

Hampson (Sir G. F.). Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae, Vol. X

(text and plates), 1910-1911. By Exchange.

Hetier (K. M.). Finfter Beitrag zur Papuanischen Kaferfauna.

[| Abhandl. Kénigl. Zool. Anthr. Ethn. Mus, Dresden, Band XIII,

1910. | The "Author.

Hink (James §.). Robberflies of the Genera Promachus and Proctacanthus.

[Ann. Entom. Soc. America, Vol. IV, No. 2, June 1911.]

Ohio State University.

Hopaxiss (H. E.). The Apple and Pear Membracids.

[N. York Agric. Exper. Station, Geneva, N. York, Techn. Bull. No.

17, Dec. 1910.] LV. York Exper. Station.

Hormeren (Nils). Termiten studien. 2. Systematik der Termiten die

Familien Mastotermitidae, Protermitidae und Mesotermitidae.

[Kungl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Hand]. Band XLVI, 1911. ]

By Exchange.

Horpxtins (A. D.). [See Kraus (E. J.).]

Horton (J. R.). [See Jonzs (P. R.). |

Howarp (L. O.). Remedies and Preventives against Mosquitoes.

[U.S. Dept. Agric., Farmers’ Bull. No. 444, April 1911. ]

—-— House Flies.

{U. S. Dept. Agric., Farmers’ Bull. No. 459, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

———— and Fiske (W. F.). The Importation into the United States of

the Parasites of the Gipsy Moth and the Brown-tail Moth.

[U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 91, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

Hunter (W. D.) and Bisuorr (F. C.). Some of the more important Ticks

of the United States.

[Year-book Dept. Agric. for 1910.] U.S. Dept. Agric.

and BisHorr (F. C,). The Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Tick.

[U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 105, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

all

( “Sxxvi .)

JANET (Charles). Note sur la Phylogénése de I’ Insecte, Rennes, 1909.

——~-—— Sur la Morphologie de |’Insecte, Limoges, 1909.

———— Sur la Morphologie des Membranes Basales de 1|’Insecte.

{Mém. Soe. Acad. de l’Oise, 1909. |

—- Sur la Parthénogénése Arrhénotique de la Fourmi ouvrieére.

[Mém Soc. Acad. de l’Oise, 1909. ]

-———— Sur l’Ontogénése de I’Insecte, Limoges, 1909. ]

—-—w— Sur un Nématode qui se développe dans la téte de Formica fusca.

[Mém. Soc. Acad, de l’Oise, 1909.] The Author.

JENNE (E.L.). [See QuainTance (A. L.).]

JOHANNSEN (O. A.). The Mycetophilidae of North America, Pt. 2.

Maine Agric. Exper. Station, Bull. No. 180, 1910.]

——-—— (O. A.). Insect Notes for 1910.

[Maine Agric. Exper. Station, Bull. No. 187, Jan. 1911.]

Maine Agric. Exper, Station.

Jounson (Fred). Spraying Experiments against the Grape Leaf-hopper in

the Lake Erie Valley.

LU. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 97, Pt. 1, 1911.]

———_— Vineyard Spraying Experiments against the Rose-chafer in the

Lake Erie Valley.

[U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 97, Pt. 3, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

Jones (P. R.) and Horton (J. R.). The Orange Thrips: a Report of Pro-

gress for the years 1909 and 1910.

[U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 99, Pt. 1, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

Kettoee (V. L.). An Experiment in Double Mating.

(Science, N.S., Vol. XX XIII, May 1911.] The Author.

—--——and Paine (J. H.). Anoplura and Mallophaga from African

Hosts.

[ Bull. Entom. Research, Vol. II, July 1911.]

———— ———— Mallophaga from Birds and Mammals.

{Entom. News, Vol. XXI, 1910.]

———— ———— Mallophaga from Bolivian Birds,

[Entom. News, Vol. XXII, 1911.]

ee Mallophaga from Californian Birds.

[Entom. News, Vol. XXII, 1911.] The Authors.

Ketty (E. O. G.). The Maize Billbug (Sphenophorus maidis, Chittn.).

[U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 95, Pt. 2, April

1911.] U.S. Dept. Agric.

KeErRREMANS (Ch.). Monographie des Buprestides. Vol. V, Livr. 9-18, 1911.

Purchased.

Kersuaw (J. C.). [See Murr (F.).]

Kravs (KE. J.) and Hopxtins (A. D.). A Revision of the Powder-Post

Beetles of the family Lyctzdae of the United States and Europe.

[U.S. Dept. Agric., Techn. Ser., No. 20, Pt. III, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

Kreiwi (A.) und Rreen (Johann). Physiologische Untersuchungen itiber

Tierstimmen. Stridulation of Gryllus campestris.

[Sitz. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Band CXIV, 1905.]

The Authors.

Kuunt (P.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. ]

Lerroy (H. Maxwell-). Indian Insect Life.

[Tropical Agriculturist, Vol. XX XIII, No. 6, 1909. ]

——— Insecticides: Mixtures and Recipes for use against Insects in the

Field, the Orchard, the Garden, and the House.

[Agric. Research Instit. Pusa, Bull. No. 23, 1911.]

The Author.

(7 Sex Vi: -)

Lerroy (H. Maxwell-). The Training of an Economic Entomologist

[Journ. Econ. Biology. Vol. VI, 1911.]

The Auther.

——— Note on Entomology Boxes.

[ Parasitology, Vol. IV, No. 21, 1911.]

The Author.

Nomenclature of Hconomic Insects.

[Journ. Econ. Biology, Vol. VI, 1911.]

The Author.

Marcuat (Paul). Sur une nouvelle espéce de Thrips (Thysanopt.) nuisible

aux Ficus en Algérie.

[ Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1908.]

———— Notes sur les Coatteshites de Europe et du nord de l'Afrique.

[Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1908. ]

—-— Le Lecanium du Robinia.

[Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., Tome LXV, 1908. ]

—- Contribution 4 l'étude biologique des Chermes (cinquiéme note).

[Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., Tome LXV, 1908. ]

—————. La ponte des Aphelinus et Vintérét individuel dans les actes liés a la

conservation de l’espéce.

[Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1909.]

La génération sexuée chez les Chermes des Pins aux environs de

Paris.

[Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1909. ]

—— Contribution 4 ]’étude des Coccides de |’Afrique occidentale.

[Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr., Tome XXII, 1909.]

La Sériciculture, l’Apiculture, les Insectes utiles ou nuisibles aux

Colonies.

[Rapport de Exposition d’Agric. Coloniale. Paris, 1910.]

——— Contributions 4 l’étude biologique des Chermes.

[Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1910-11.]

——— Physiologie des Insectes.

[Dict. de Physiologie. Paris, Vol. IX.] The Author.

Martratr (C. L.). The Periodical Cicada in 1911.

[U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 132.]

———— The Mango Weevil (Cryptorhynchus mangiferae, Fab.).

[U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 141, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

Marsu (H. O.). The Hawaiian Beet-webworm.

[U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 109, Pt. 1, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

MenveEs (Candido). Lzthocolletes et Nepticulae novae ex Lusitania.

[Broteria, Zool., Vol. IX, 1910.] The Author.

Mortey (Claude). Ichneumonologica Britannica : The Ichneumons of Great

Britain. Vol. IV, Tryphoninae. London, 1911. Purchased.

Movtton (Dudley). Synopsis, Catalogue, and Bibliography of North

American Thysanoptera, with descriptions of New Species.

[U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Techn. Ser., No. 21, 1911.]

———\ The California Peach-borer (Sanninoidea opalescens, Hy. Edw.).

[U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Ent., Bull. No. 97, Part 4, Oct. 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

Murr (F.) and Kersuaw (J. C.). On the Homologies and Mechanism of the

Mouth-parts of Hemiptera.

[Psyche, Vol. XVIII, No. 1, 1911.]

——_—— ———— On the later Embryological stages of the head of

Pristhesancus papuensis (Reduvirdae).

[Psyche, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, 1911.] The Authors.

@ x xxviii )

Newstegap (R.). A Revision of the Tsetse-Flies (Glossina), based on a study

of the male genital armature.

{ Bull. Entom. Research, Vol. II, 1911.]

———— On the genital armature of the males of Glossina medicorum, Austen,

and Glossina tabaniformis, Westwood.

[ Bull. Entom, Research, Vol. IT, 1911. ]

———— Observations on African Scale Insects (Coccidae) (No. 3), and On a

New Genus of Psyllidae from Nyasaland.

[ Bull. Entom. Research, Vol. II, 1911.]

—-— The Papataci Flies (Phlebotomus) of the Maltese Islands.

{Bull. Entom. Research, Vol. II, 1911.] The Author.

Opinions rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomen-

clature, 30-37.

[Smithsonian Publication 2013, July 1911.]

The Smithsonian Institution.

Osporn (Herbert). Remarks on the Genus Scaphotdeus, with a Revised

Key and Description of new American Species.

[Ohio Naturalist, Vol. XI, No. 3, Jan. 1911.]

Ohio State University.

PatnE (J. H.). [See Kutxroae (V. L.).]

Parcu (Edith M.). Gall Aphids of the Elm.

[Maine Agric. Exper. Station, Bull. No. 181, May 1910. ]

——-—— Four rare Aphid Genera from Maine.

[Maine Agric. Exper. Station, Bull. No. 182, June 1910.]

———— Macrosiphum destructor and Macrosiphum solanifolit.

[Maine Agric. Exper. Station, Bull. No. 190, June 1911.]

Maine Agric. Exper. Station.

PatreRSON (I.L.). Investigations into the Habits of certain Sarcophagidae,

with an introduction by W. F. Fiske.

[U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Techn. Ser., No, 19, Pt. III,

Marclr 1911. | U. 8. Dept. Agric.

Paitiuirs (W. J.). The Timothy Stem-borer: a new Timothy Insect

(Mordellistena ustulata, Lec.).

[U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 95, Pt. 1, March 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

————(E.F.). Bees.

[U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Farmers’ Bull. No. 447, 1911.]

——_-— The Occurrence of Bee Diseases in the United States (Preliminary

Report).

[U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 138, May 1911.]

—-—— The Treatment of Bee Diseases,

[U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Farmers’ Bull. No. 442, May 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

Pirrce (W. Dwight). Notes on Insects of the order Strepsiptera, with

descriptions of New Species.

[ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XL, pp. 487-511, 1911.]

The Smithsonian Institution.

PruatKau (Félix). Recherches experimentales sur les fleurs entomophiles

peu visitées par les Insectes, rendues attractives au moyen de

liquides sucrés odorants.

[Mém. Acad. Royale Belg., Ser. 2, Tome II,1910.] By Exchange.

PorENnoE (C. H.). The Indian-meal Moth and “ Weevil-cut”’ Peanuts.

[U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 142, Sept. 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

———— [See CuitTEenpEn (F. H.).]

QuatnTance (A. L.) and Jenne (E. L.) and Scorr (BE. W.) and BraucHEerR

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(U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 80, Pt. 7 (revised),

March 1911, ] U.S. Dept. Agric.

(Cy es) )

Rarrray (A.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. |

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[Zool. Anzeiger, Bd. XX XV, 1910.]

—-— Untersuchungen iiber die Atmung von Insekten unter anwendung

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———— [See Krernn (A.).]

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(Bulletin No. 151, Nov. 1, 1910.] The College.

———— to the Local Government Board on Public Health and Medical

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Flies as Carriers of Infection, 1911. Local Govt. Board.

Ricarpvo (Gertrude). A Revision of the Species of Tabanus from the

Oriental Region, including notes on Species from Surrounding

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Ritsema (C.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. ]

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The Smithsonian Institution.

Rouwer (S. A.). On some Hymenopterous Insects from the Island of

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—_—-+— Descriptions of New Species of Wasps, with Notes on Described

Species.

[Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XL, 1911.]

——— — New Sawflies in the Collections of the United States National

Museum.

[Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XLI, 1911.]

The Smithsonian Institution.

——-—— The Glenotypes of the Sawflies and Woodwasps, or the Superfamily

Tenthredinoidea,

[U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Techn. Ser., No. 20, Pt. IT,

1911.]

——~—\ — Studies in the Sawfly Genus Hoplocampa.

[U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Techn. Ser., No. 20, Pt. IV,

1911.] U. S. Dept. Agric.

Sack (P.). Aus dem Leben unserer Zuckmiicken (Chironomiden).

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The Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellschaft.

Satem (Dottssa V.). Primo Contributo ai Rincoti Afidi e Coccidi della

Sicilia.

[Nat. Sicil. An. XX, 1908.] The Author.

Sasscer (E. R.). Catalogue of recently described Coccidae, III.

[U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Techn. Ser., No. 16, Pt. IV,

1911. ] U.S. Dept. Agric.

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A. E. Gibbs.

Scuupert (K.). [See BERNHAUER (M.).]

Scorr (HE. W.) [See Quarnrance (A. L.).]

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Purchased.

@ xl )

Suarp (D.). [See Gopman (F. D.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. }

Serr (P.). Catalogue Raisonné des Lépidoptéres du Département des

Bouches-du-Rhone et la Région de la Sainte-Baume.

[Ann. Musée d’Hist. Nat. de Marseille, Zoologie,Tome IX ,1904-1905. |

The Author.

SkinnER (H.). Colias nastes streckeri, Gr. Grum-Grshimailo. Lycaena

enoptes, battotdes and glaucon. A new Argynnis and a new

Parnassius. A new variety of Megathymus yuccae, A new

variety of Chionobas.

[Ent. News, Vol. XXII, 1911.]

—- The Boreal American Species of Chlorippe (Doxocopa, Apatura).

Lepidoptera.

[Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XX XVII, No. 3, 1911.]

——— The Larger Boreal American Hesperidae, including Eudamus,

Eryctdes, Pyrrhopyge and Megathymus.

[Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. XX XVII, No. 3,1911.]

———— Two kinds of War—one is considered necessary, and the other

is not.

[Ottawa Naturalist, July 1910.] The Author.

Smit (T. O.). [See Curry (B. E.).]

Smytu (E.G.). Report on the Fig Moth in Smyrna.

U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 105, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

Snyper (T. E.). Damage to Telephone and Telegraph Poles by Wood-

boring Insects.

[U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 144, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

Sputer (Arnold). Die Schmetterlinge Europas.

[Band IV. Die Raupen. Stuttgart, 1910.] Purchased.

Stewart (F. C.). Notes on N. Y. Plant Diseases, I.

[N. York Agric. Exper. Station, Geneva, N. Y. , Bull. No. 328, Dec.

1910, ] N. York Agric. 'E wper. Station.

THORELL (T.). Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Kugenies Resa omkring jorden

under befal af C. A. Virgin aren 1851-1853. Aranider 1910.

By Exchange.

THORNTON (T.). [See Guppy (P. L.).]

TURNER (H.J.). Luperina (?) (Apamea) guenee’, Doubleday, as a Species,

and as a British Species.

[Entom. Rec., Vol. XXIII, Nos. 3-8, 1911.] The Author.

Uricu (F. W.). The (Canao Thrips (Heliothrips rubrocinctus, Giard).

[Board of Agric., Trinidad, Feb. 24, 1911.]

Identification of the Sugar-Cane Froghopper.

[Proc. Agric. Soc. of Trinidad and Tobago, Vol. X, 1911.]

The Author.

-and Guppy (P. L.). Preliminary Notes on some Insects affecting

the Coconut Palm.

[Board of Agric. Trinidad and Tobago, Circular No. 5, 1911.]

The Board.

Van Dine (D. L.). The Sugar-Cane Insects of Hawaii.

[U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 93, 1911.]

U.S. Dept. Agric.

Viereck (H. L.). New Species of reared Ichneumon-flies.

[Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXXIX, 1911.]

——_—-— Descriptions of one New Genus and eight New Species of Ichneu-

mon-flies.

[Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XL, 1911.]

— —— Descriptions of six New Genera and thirty-one New Species of

Ichneumon-flies.

[Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus., Vol. XL, 1911.]

seh’)

Viereck (H. L.). Descriptions of one New Genus and three New Species

of Ichneumon-flies.

[Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XLI, 1911.]

The Smithsonian Institution.

WaALsSINGHAM (Lord). [See Gopman (F. D.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. |

WesstErR (F. M.). The Lesser Clover-Leaf Weevil.

[U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 85, Pt. 1, 1911.]

———— The Alfalfa Weevil (Phytonomus murinus, Fab.).

[U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 137, 1911.}

U.S. Dept. Agric.

WEIsE (J.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. ]

Wickuam (H. F.). Fossil Coleoptera from Florissant, with descriptions of

New Species.

[Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXX, 1911.]

The Author.

WitpermvuTi (V.L.). The Alfalfa Caterpillar (Hurymus eurytheme, Boisd.).

U.S. Dept. Agric., Circular No. 133, April 1911.]

: U.S. Dept. Agric.

@ xii )

Periodicals and Publications of Societies.

AMERICA (NORTH).

CANADA.

Lonpon, Ontario. The Canadian Entomologist. Vol. XLIII, 1911.

By Exchange.

Ontario. Entomological Society of Ontario. 41st Annual Report. 1910.

By Exchange.

UNITED STATES.

Davenport. Proceedings Davenport Academy of Science. 1910.

The Academy.

New York. New York Entomological Society. Journal. Vol. XXIX.

Parts 1, 2, and 3, 1911. Purchased.

Zoologica. Vol. I, Part 4, 1910. New York Zool. Soc.

PuitapELtPuia. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings.

Vol. LIII, Parts 1 and 2, 1911. By Exchange.

American Entomological Society. Transactions. Vol. XXXVII,

1911. By Exchange.

Entomological News, Vol. XXII, 1911. By Exchange.

WASHINGTON. Smithsonian Institution. Annual Report, 1910.

United States National Museum. Proceedings. Vol. XX XVIII, 1911.

Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Vol.

XII, Parts 1, 2, and 3, 1911. Purchased.

AMERICA (SOUTH).

WEST INDIES.

Barpados. West Indian Bulletin. The Journal of the Imperial Agricul-

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Vol. XI, Parts 2, 3, and 4, 1911.

Agricultural News. Vol. X, 1911.

The Agricultural Department.

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BomBay. Natural History Society. Journal. Vol. XXI, No. 1, 1911.

By Exchange.

CotomsBo. Spolia Zeylandica. Vol. VII, 1910-11. The Colombo Museum.

Pusa. Report of the Agricultural Research Institute and College, Pusa,

1910-11. The India Office.

Sarawak. Ninth Report on the Sarawak Museum. The Museum.

( xliii )

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New ZeALanp. New Zealand Institute. Transactions and Proceedings.

Vol. XLIII, 1911. The Institute.

PerrH. Journal Agricultural Department of West Australia. Vol. XIX,

1910. The Society.

Sypngy. Linnean Society of New South Wales. Proceedings, 1911.

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AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

BupapEst. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici. Vol. IX,

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Brinn. Verhand. der naturf. Vereines in Briinn. Bd. XLVIII.

By Exchange.

Vienna. K.-k. zoologische-botanische Verein (Gesellschaft) in Wien.

Verhandlungen. Band LX, Hefte9 and10. Band LXI, Hefte

1 to 6. By Exchange.

Wiener entomologische Zeitung. Bd. XXX, 1911.

Purchased.

Wiener Entomologischen Vereines Jahres-Bericht. XXI, 1910.

By Exchange.

BELGIUM.

BrussEts. Société Entomologique de Belgique. Annales. Vol. LV, 1911.

Mémoires. Vol. XIX, 1911. By Exchange.

Annuaire de l’'Academie Royal de Belgique. 1911.

The Academie.

1* Congrés International d’Entomologie. Aott 1910. Vol. IT,

Mémoires. Subscribed for.

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Carn. Société Frangaise d’Entomologie. Revue. Tome XXVIII, Parts

7-10, 1910-11. Purchased.

CHATEAUROUX. Le Frélon. XVII, 1909-11. Purchased.

Paris. Soc. Entom. de France. Annales, Vols. LX XIX, 3-4, LXXX, 1-2.

By Exchange.

Bulletin. 1907-9.

TovuLousE. Bulletin de la Soc. d’Hist. Nat.de Toulouse. Tome XLIII, Parts

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GERMANY.

BERLIN. Deutsche entomologische Gesellschaft. Deutsche entomologische

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By Exchange.

Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie. Band VII.

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Entomologischer Verein in Berlin. Berliner entomologische

Zeitschrift. Band 55,1910-11. Band 56, Hefte 1 and 2, 1911.

By Exchange.

DRESDEN. ‘‘Iris.” Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift. Band XXIV

Heft. 11 and12. Beiheft 2,1910. Band XXV, 1911-12.

By Exchange.

( xliv )

Municu. Mitteilungen der Miinchner entomologischen Gesellschaft, 1911.

Hefte 1-2. The Publisher.

Stettin. Entomologischer Verein. Entomologische Zeitung. Jahr. LX XII,

1911. By Exchange.

WiesBADEN. Nassauischer Verein fiir Naturkunde. Jahrbiicher. Jahr

LXIYV, 1911. By Exchange.

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LivErRPOOL. J.ancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society. 34th Annual

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Lonpon. <Avnals and Magazine of Natural History. 1911. Purchased.

Atheneum. 1911. The Publishers.

Bulletin of Entomological Research. Vol. 2, Parts 1-4, 1911-12.

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City of London Entomological aud Natural History Society. Trans-

actions. 1910. The Society.

Entomologist (The). 1911. R. South.

Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 1911. The Editors.

Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation. Vol. XXIII, 1911.

Purchased.

Linnean Society of London. Zoology, Transactions, Journal and

Proceedings. 1911. by Exchange.

Naturalist (The). 1911. By Exchange.

Nature, 1911. The Publishers.

Quekett Microscopical Club. Journal. 1911. The Club.

Royal Agricultural Society. Journal. Vol. LX XT, 1910.

The Society.

Royal Microscopical Society. Journal. 1911. By Exchange.

Royal Society. Proceedings. 1911. By Exchange.

Royal Society. Philosophical Transactions. 1911.

South London Entomological and N. H. Society. Proceedings.

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Zoological Society. Transactions and Proceedings. 1911.

By Exchange.

Zoologist (The). 1911. The Publisher.

MANCHESTER. Manchester Entomological Society, Reports for 1910.

The Society.

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Tar Hacue. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. Jahr. 1911. By Exchange.

Entomologische Berichten. Vol. II, Parts 55-60. 1910-11.

By Exchange.

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FLorENcE. Societa Entomologica Italiana. Vol. XLII, 1910-11.

Portici. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria. Vol.

We ois By Exchange.

Porticr and Frorencr. Redia, Giornale de Entomologia. Vol. VII

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(aly. )

RUSSIA.

Moscow. Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Bulletin. 1910.

By Exchange.

St. Prererspure. Annuaire du Musée Zoologique. Tome XVI, Parts 1, 2,

1911.

F. D. Godman.

Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae. Tome XL, Parts 1, 2,

1911. By Exchange.

Revue Russe d’Entomologie. Tome X, 1910. Tome XI, 1911

Parts 1-3. The Society.

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SrockHotm. Arkiv for Zoologi. Vol. VII, 1911. By Exchange.

Entomologisk Tidskrift. Arg. 32. 1911.

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GunxvaA. Bulletin de la Société Lepidoptérologique de Genéve. Vol. I,

1905-9. Vol. II, Parts 1 and 2, 1910-11. Purchased.

ScHAFFHAUSEN and Brrne. Schweizerische entomologische Gesellschaft.

Mittheilungen. Bd. XII, Hft. 2, 1910. By Exchange.

(i xlvir:)

ERRATA.

TRANSACTIONS.

Page 75, line 3 from top (excluding Head-line), for Biskra read Bone.

Page 90, line 7 from bottom, for edentata read tridentata.

Page 105, line 5 from top, for Echium read Sedum.

Page 130, line 13 from top, for rotundifolia read rutxifolia.

Page 130, line 2 from bottom, for rotundifolia read rutwifolia.

Page 131, line 19 from top, for Chlorophora read Chrozophora.

Page 133, line 7 from bottom, for Chlorophora read Chrozophora.

Page 196, line 19 from top, for Spoelotis read Spaelotis.

Page te under Anommatus 12-striatus, Mill. This paragraph should

read—

“Mr, E. A. Fitch exhibited an apparently new species of Belytzdae,

captured by the Rev. A. Matthews among a colony of Anummatus 12-striatus,

Mill,, in rotten wood at a depth of three to four feet below the surface of

the ground”’ (Meeting of Ent. Soc., July 5th, 1882; Proceedings, pp. xii, xiii).

Page 468, lines 4, 5 and 9 from top, for Cephalonomyta read Cephalonomia.

Page 467, line 14 from top, for Aulicus read Aulacus.

Page 472, line 15 from bottom, for Gallerucella read Galerucella.

Page 477, line 14 from bottom, for Aprum read APIoN.

Page 488, top line, for Rhopalomestes read Rhopalomesttes.

Page 517, line 17 from bottom, ey eC . serpy

Pea KIS, Hind 1d fom bottom, \ for Wittlesia read ctlesia.

Page 555, line 15 from top, for flavirons read flavifrons.

Page 555, line 14 from bottom, for abicollis read albicollis.

Page 607, line 6 from bottom

Page 609, line 5 from top,

Page 621, line 8 from top, for paszllus read pustllus.

Page 749, lines 2 and 3 from bottom, transpose crinanensis and americana.

Page 754, line 9 of Table, for i-xiii read i-xxxv.

Page 763, line 8 from top, for Jan. Ist, 1841 read Feb. Ist.

Page 763, line 5 from bottom (excluding note), for Dec. Ist, 1846 read

Jan. 1st, 1847.

Page 763, in last two dates, for 1847 read 1848.

"\ for melampogon read melanopogon.

PROCEEDINGS.

Page lxiii, line 10 from bottom, for Omi read Oni. ,

Page lxx, top line, for South read North,

Page Ixx, line 3 from top, for Mr. G. V. Hudson, F.E.S., read Mr.

Creagh O’Connor.

Page lxxx, line 5 from top, for comz read coms.

PLATES.

Plates XL and XLIV, for Witrtes1a read WITLESIA.

Plates XXXV—XLIV. The photographs are by Mr. F. Noad Clark, and

are attributed in error to Mr. A. E. Tonge.

In Plates LVI and LVII the names of the species figured have been

transposed. Plate LVI represents Hydroecia americana, and Plate LVII,

H. crinanensis.

THE

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON

For THE YEAR 1911.

Wednesday, February Ist, 1911.

Mr. G. T. Bernune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.8., in the Chair.

Nomination of President.

Rey. G. Wueeter, one of the Secretaries, announced that

the Council had nominated the Rev. F. D. Morics, M.A., for

the Presidency for the current year.

Exhibitions.

Species oF THE GENUS Henicontus.—Mr. W. J. Kaye ex-

hibited the following species of Heliconius : H. plessent, H.

melpomene aglaope form rubripicta, H. melpomene aglaope

form adonides, H. plessent niepelti of Group I, H. notabilis

and H. erato estrella form feyeri of Group Il. It was re-

marked that until the recent discovery of these newer forms,

H. notabilis had always been considered as a very constant

and well-differentiated species. In 1908 Riffarth separated

the very similar H. plessent from H. notubilis, and in the

same year Niepelt described the remarkable new forms of

both these species with streaked hind-wing; 1. rubripicta and

adonides being streaked like H. melpomene aglwope in Group I,

and feyeri and ilia being streaked like H. erato estrella in

Group II. It seemed now to be possible and even likely that

H. melpomene aglaope would eventually be proved to be

PROG. ENT, SOC. LOND., I. 1911. A

al (mi)

linked with HZ. plesseni through these newly-discovered forms,

and that this species would then have to be sunk as a sub-

species of H. melpomene. Similarly, H. notabilis through ilia

and feyert was probably only a subspecies of H. erato, though

the material was insufficient at present to form a conclusion.

All these different forms were from eastern Ecuador.

A new TacHyporus.—Dr. NicHotson showed two speci-

mens of Zachyporus fasciatus, nov. sp., taken at Wicken Fen

from under sedge-refuse, the one in April, the other in

August 1910. This species is intermediate between 7’.

solutus, Er., and 7’. chrysomelinus, L. It differs from the

former in the shape of the antennae, which are of the same

length, but are not thickened towards the apex ; by its finer

puncturation throughout ; by the pronounced broad black band

on the elytra; and by the fact that the marginal bristles of

the elytra are long and stout, as in 7’. chrysomelinus, and not

short and fine, as in 7’. solutus.

VARIATION IN LupPERINA GUENEEI.—Mr. Hy. J. TuRNER

exhibited several very interesting forms of the little-known

species Luperina gueneei, sent to him for examination by

Mr. A. Murray of St. Anne’s-on-Sea, Lancashire, and with

them he showed both fresh and worn examples of various

forms of JL. testacea, a closely-allied species with which it

had been placed by Guenée, when first discovered many years

ago. He communicated the following note :—

“ Doubleday described LZ. gueneei as a species (Ent. Ann.,

1864, p. 123), but it has always been confused with J.

testacea. An examination and comparison of series of these

two species seem to make it quite impossible to confuse them ;

the facies of Z. testacea, on the one hand, is very constant

and quite distinctive, while, on the other hand, the delicate

soft texture of the surface of Z. gueneet is equally distinctive.

The two new forms exhibited are much more markedly dis-

tinct, both from the type and from each other, than is the

so-called var. bawteri, of which the difference from the type

form has been recently expressed as ‘ merely due to the pale

grey ground-colour having, in course of time, assumed a

somewhat ochreous tinge.’ In passing I may say that an

examination of the quite fresh and worn examples of both the

{ Viti’) )

typical Z. gueneet and the var, bawferi in the box quite dispels

this view.

‘The first of the new forms to which I wish to call atten-

tion is quite typical LZ. gueneet in texture, shade of colour, and

in markings, with this very marked difference, that the sub-

marginal area, between the dark marginal lunules and the

submarginal line, is much paler than any other portion of the

wing, throwing out by contrast these dark lunules very con-

spicuously. In the worn specimen this feature is even more

apparent than in the perfectly fresh example. In var. baxteri

I note that this same area, instead of being lighter or uniform

with, is distinguishably darker than the general wing-colour.

I have called this new form ab. murrayi, from its captor.

“The second new form, of which there are three specimens

in the box, are undoubted L. gueneez in all their characters

but depth of colour. I believe these are the first melanic

specimens which have been obtained so far. All the mark-

ings are much intensified, the ground-colour is much darker

than in typical examples, very dark grey with, in a good

light, faint flushes of a ferruginous tint. The contrast

between ground-colour and markings is very much stronger

than in any of the other forms. In the worn specimen of this

form this contrast appears almost equally strong. There is

no trace of the ‘ochreous tinge’ of the type nor of the

typical ‘ pale grey ground-colour.’ This form being so distinct,

I have thought it might well be termed var. fusca.”

VARIETIES OF CoLEopTERA.—Mr. G. C. CHampion exhibited

on behalf of Mr. J. H. Kays the black variety of Athous

haemorrhoidalis, F., from Dartmoor, recorded by the latter in

the Ent. Mo. Mag., xlvi, p. 262 ; and also a red variety of the

g of Agabus bipustulatus, L., from the same locality.

POLYGONIA C-ALBUM, VAR, HUTCHINSONI IN THE 2ND BROOD.—

The Rev. A. T. Stirr, who was present as a visitor, was intro-

duced by Dr. Cuapman, and exhibited some 2nd-brood speci-

mens of the var. hutchinsoni of Polygonia c-album. He remarked

that they were bred from Wye Valley larvae, received from

Mr. L. W. Newman, F.E.S., Sept. 24th, 1910. The larvae fed

upon nettle, and pupated between Oct. 1st and Oct. 10th.

Emergence commenced on Oct. 16th, and the last butterfly

( iv)

appeared Oct. 26th. Of the twenty specimens which emerged,

10 are referable to var. hutchinsoni, and 10 are normal, the

latter showing both the variegated and plain undersides. Of

the var. hutchinsoni, three appear to be intermediate between

that var. and the type, the undersides of the wings being

distinctly var. hutchinsont, and the uppersides not dis-

tinguishable from the type. The vars., including the inter-

mediates, emerged on October 16th, 19th (3), 20th, 21st (2),

22nd, 23rd and 26th, 1910. It is believed that there is no

record of var. hutchinsoni having ever been bred in the 2nd

brood of c-album. Mr. Newman writes: “I have bred

thousands of c-albwm of the second brood in various years,

and never one hutchinsoni, and I have never heard of any

one else doing so.” He added that by the kindness of Mr.

Newman he was enabled to show a series of Ist brood var.

hutchinsoni for comparison.

Mr. H. Rowxianp-Brown and the Cuatrman both observed

that on the Continent they had taken hybernated specimens

of P. c-album of the hutchinsoni form.

Papers.

Dr. O. M. Revurer communicated a paper entitled “ Bryo-

corina nonnulla Aethiopica descripta ab O, M. Reuter et B.

-Poppius.”

Commander WALKER, one of the Secretaries, read a paper

on behalf of Col. Manners, entitled “A factor in the pro-

duction of mutual resemblance in allied species of buttertlies :

a presumed Miillerian combination of Huploeas in South India

and Amauris in South Africa.”

The methods adopted in his experiments, and the conclusions

drawn from them by the author, were to some extent the

subject of criticism both by Mr. G. A. K. Marsmatn and Dr.

CuapmMAN. Mr. Merririetp added a few observations with

regard to the comparative immunity of Pierine butterflies from

the attacks of birds.

Vote of Condolence.

A vote of condolence with the family of the late Mr. J. W.

Turr was moved from the Chair, all the Fellows present

signifying approval by rising.

Wednesday, March Ist, 1911.

Mr. G. T. Bernune-Baker, F.L,S,, F.Z,S., in the Chair,

Eleotion of Fellows,

The following gentlemen were elected Fellows of the

Society : Messrs. Lionen Armstrone, Government Entomolo-

gist to the Gold Coast, Gold Coast, West Africa ; J. Pharr

Barrett, 30, Endwell Road, New Cross, 8.E.; the Rev. Henry

Witiu1amM Brurzer, B.A., Great Bowden Vicarage, Market

Harborough ; Messrs. P. P. Graves, Club de Constantinople,

Constantinople; Tarmn Cuene Kune, Guardian Superintendent

of Chinese Students in British India, c/o the Curator, Mysore

Government Museum, Bangalore, India; the Rev, A MILEs

Moss, Helm, Windermere; Dr. CutHpert F. Setovus, M.D.,

M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Agra, Barton-on-Sea, New Milton, Hants.

Exhibitions.

A BeretLte New tro Brirain.—Dr. NicHorson showed six

specimens of Choleva fuliginosa, Er., an addition to the list

of British beetles, from Alphington, Devon. This species

closely resembles C. nigrita, Er., from which it differs by the

posterior border of the thorax being slightly bisinuate, and

its posterior angles produced backwards. The anterior tibiae

of the ¢ are also broadly and abruptly dilated in the middle

of their inner sides. From C’. nigricans, Spence, it differs by

its smaller size, shorter antennae, less sinuate and produced

thorax, and by the above ¢ character, This species is mixed

in several collections with (’. nigrita, and is probably widely

distributed in this country. Mr. Dollman has taken it at

Harrow, Mr. Donisthorpe at Hartlepool, Mr. Taylor in the

Isle of Wight, and it is also in the Bates collection.

Larvak or CLEARWINGs.—Mr. L. W. Newman exhibited some

sticks (the off-shoots of birch stumps) containing larvae of

Aegeria culiciformis, indicating a new way of collecting this

species ; from some of the sticks, a bird, probably the Great

Tit (Parus major), had laboriously picked out the larvae.

(tw?)

Also sticks of Salix capraea containing larvae of Trochiliwm

bembeciforme, one of these showing the cap formed over the hole

prepared for emergence. This species is not usually supposed

to form a cap. The larvae were not, as is generally thought,

confined to living wood, some of those exhibited being in

dead twigs. Also a living specimen of A, culiciformis, a

species which the exhibitor remarked was easily forced.

The Hon, N.C. Rorascuitp remarked on the special interest

of the exhibit of 7. bembeciforme, observing that he was

unaware of the formation of a cap by this species.

TERATOLOGICAL SpecrmENs.—Mr. G. T. Brraune-BakErR

showed a specimen of Hrebia ceto which had been swept from

the herbage without its head, which was probably held fast

by a spider; nine hours after capture this insect had still

been capable of fluttering strongly. He also exhibited a

specimen of Hrebia var. adyte, with a half-developed right

hindwing; a specimen of EF. eriphyle with no left hindwing,

and a Melitaea varia with no right hindwing; in the two

latter there was no trace of the wing having ever been

developed.

Frea Eacs.—Mr. A, Bacot communicated the following

note :-—At our meeting on the 16th Nov., 1910, the Hon.

N. C. Roruscuixp pointed out the distinction between Cteno-

cephalus canis and C. felis. I had a few days previously

examined the ova of fleas taken from a dog’s, and also from a

cat’s bed, and found that they differed in size and shape.

Imagines have now been reared from these eggs, and I find

I have both the species exhibited by the Hon. N. C. Roths-

child. Measurements are as follows—(C. felis: length ‘5 mm,

to 510 mm., width about ‘310 to ‘320 mm.; nearly but not

quite circular in cross section. C. canis has a larger egg

ranging from about 540 to ‘6 mm. in length, and from °365

to 375 in width. The difference is sufficient to be easily

appreciable to the naked eye, when the eggs are close together

ona slide. The egg of C. fasciatus (one of the rat fleas) is

smaller and more slender, a very regular oval as a rule, ‘560

to ‘6 mm. in length, by °3 mm. in width. It has a more shiny

surface than that of (’. canis which is dulled in comparison.

The ova of Pulex writans are larger again and vary consider-

(oon)

ably in shape, some being almost regular ovals, others decidedly

tapering. At the stage at which Iam comparing them they are

less white, appear slightly yellow when compared with (.

fasciatus, from which they are easily distinguished under a low-

power lens. One of the short oval variety measured ‘560 mm.

by 320 mm., a blunt-ended oval. Two of the tapering form

measured, the one 630 by °350 mm. at the blunt end, and

‘275 mm. at the narrow end; the other ‘650 by °350 mm. at

one end, and ‘275 mm. at the other.

Papers.

Mr. A. Bacor read a paper entitled: “On the Persistence

of Bacilli in the Gut of an Insect during Metamorphosis.”

Commenting on this paper Dr. CHapman observed that

among many points of interest, it suggested to him one

which he did not remember to have seen mooted. In moult-

ing (referring chiefly to Lepidoptera) provision for increase of

size is not the only object in view, but also the removal of

various possible microbic enemies. In “laying up” for a

moult, a larva almost invariably first empties the alimentary

canal ; at the actual moult, not only the skin, but the lining

membranes of the tracheae and of much of the alimentary

canal are cast also. The threads drawn from the mouth and

anus, consisting of the linings of the primae viae, often seem

long enough to represent the whole tube ; if this be so, then

bacillary inhabitants would be got rid of, and in any case

must be so to a great extent. It would be interesting to

know what is the precise hiatus between the oral and anal

portions, and what provision there is for establishing an

aseptic condition of this portion of the tube.

Messrs. Ernest A. Exuiorr and CraupE Moriry communi-

cated “ A first supplementary paper on the Hymenopterous

Parasites of Coleoptera.”

Notice of Lecture.

The Rev. G. WHEELER, one of the Secretaries, announced

that he had been requested by Professor Sedgwick to draw

the attention of Fellows to the Inaugural Lecture to be

( viii)

delivered the following day by Mr. H. Maxwetr-Lerroy, at

the Imperial College of Science and Technology, where he has

lately been appointed Lecturer on Entomology.

Letter of Condolence.

The Secretary then read to the Society the following letter,

received by Dr. CuapmMan from M. Cartes OpertTHiir, one

of the Honorary Fellows, with regard to the late Mr. J. W.

Tur.

“ Rennes, le 11 février, 1911.

“Mon cumr CoLtiaur,—J’ai été trés affecté en apprenant la

mort de M. Tutt. C’est une perte immense pour |’Entomo-

logie! La capacité de travail dont était doué M. Tutt, faisait

mon admiration. Les ouvrages qu'il a laissés sont des monu-

ments impérissables, dans lesquels le savant Auteur a poussé

Vanalyse jusqu’ aux limites les plus voisines de la perfection.

M. Tutt se documentait avec un soin extréme ; il ne consentait

i aucune ignorance ; il voulait tout connaitre exactement. Je

considérais sa bonne foi et sa sincérité comme absolues. M.

Tutt emporte dans la tombe toute mon estime et tous mes

regrets.

“Je vous prie, mon cher Collégue, de faire part de mes

sentiments 4 nos honorables Collégues de la Société entomo-

logique de Londres, de leur dire combien sympathiquement je

nVassocie au deuil de l’Entomologie anglaise.

“ Veuillez agréer expression bien cordiale de tout mon

affectueux dévouement.

“ CHARLES OBERTHUR.”

Special Meeting.

It was announced that a Special Meeting for the election of

President would take place immediately before the Ordinary

Meeting on March 15th.

( & ))

Special Meeting, Wednesday, March 15th 1911.

Rev. GrorcE WHEELER, F.Z.8., Secretary, in the Chair.

The letter summoning the Special Meeting was read by the

Chairman, and, no other Candidate having been proposed, the

Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., was declared to have been elected

President for the current year.

Ordinary Meeting, Wednesday, March 15th, 1911.

Rev. F. D. Mortcs, President, in the Chair.

The President, on taking the Chair, addressed a few words

to the Society, thanking them for their choice of him for the

post, and expressing regret for the circumstances which had

made an election necessary.

Election of Fellows.

The following gentlemen were elected Fellows of the

Society :—Messrs. Georce Morrarr Carson, Entomologist to

the Government of New Guinea, Port Moresby, New Guinea;

ALFRED GEORGE Scorer, Hill Crest, Chilworth, Guildford ;

Percy Witiiam AFFLECK Scott, Chinese Imperial Customs

Service, Hangchow, China; Norn Stanton SENNETT, 32,

Bolton Gardens, South Kensington, 8.W.; James A. Simgs,

2, The Byre, Whitehall Road, Woodford, Essex; P. H.

Tautz, Cranleigh, Nower Hill, Pinner, Middlesex; R. G

Topp, The Limes, Hadley Green, N.; R. Viratis, Commis de

1° classe, Trésor, Pnom-Penk, Cambodia, French Indo-China ; ©

Rey. W. G. WirrincHamw, Knighton Rectory, Leicester.

Appointment of Vice-Presidents.

The PrEsIDENT announced that he had appointed Dr. F. A.

Drxety, M.A., M.D., F.B.S., and Messrs. G. T. BrtHune-

Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S., and H. St. J. DonistHorpst, F.Z.S., to

act as Vice-Presidents for the current year,

pee)

chibitions.

QurEN Ants In Nests or oTHER Specres.—Mr. H. Donis-

THORPE exhibited a nest of Lasius wmbratus, Nyl., which had

accepted a 2 L. fuliginosus. The wmbratus nest was dug up by

Mr. Crawley and the exhibitor at Weybridge on December 8th,

and contained about 400 § % and thirty virgin (winged) ? ?.

On December 13th a deiilated 9 L. fuliginosus was put into a

small plaster nest with a dozen of the wmbratus 3 9; she

was slightly attacked, but not in any way injured, and tried

to conciliate the 3 % by stroking them with her antennae ;

she protected her waist by crossing the back legs over it, and

her neck by pressing the head back against the thorax. The

umbratus 9 & were increased to over twenty, and on December

20th the /uliginosus 2 and all the 9 9 were introduced into the

big nest. She endeavoured to join the wmbratws where they

were most numerous, and some of those that had previously

been with her protected her when any of the others endeavoured

to attack her. By December 21st she was accepted by the

whole nest, and has been treated as their queen ever since.

Only one or two % % occasionally threatened her with their

jaws, though the first fuliginosus 9 placed in the nest was

killed. The § &% killed most of their own virgin ? 9.

Mr. W. C. Crawtry also exhibited a case containing a

colony of Lasius umbratus with a L. fuliginosus 2? as queen,

a case of ‘‘temporary social parasitism” suspected, but not

hitherto demonstrated. The other half of the case contained,

for comparison, a colony of LZ. niger with a L. umbratus queen,

a similar case of “temporary social parasitism” known to the

exhibitor since 1896. He mentioned that deilated ? 2 do

not always behave as if fertilised, the ? in this nest being

restless, as the winged ? 9 are before the marriage flight.

Dr. CHapmMan began a discussion as to whether this form of

“parasitism ” was in the long run profitable to the parasitised

species, by weeding out the weaker nests; the PREsIDENT,

Mr. VERRALL, and Mr. G. A. K. MarsHatt also joined in the

discussion.

TEMPERATURE EXPERIMENTS ON Pupar.—Mr. F. MERRIFIELD

exhibited a box of specimens of Selenia bilunaria, and read the

following note on the question whether temperature in the

(xb)

pupal stage may affect the size of the imago in some Hetero-

cera.—‘ I exhibit 134 specimens of Selenia bilunaria, belong-

ing to five separate ‘families’ (by a ‘family’ I mean

offspring of the same parents), some of the pupae of each

‘family’ having been at a ‘forcing’ temperature, about

80° F., the rest of each family at a ‘cool’ temperature,

about 42° to 53° F. In looking through my rather numerous

collection of the effects of temperature on geometrid moths I

had been struck with the apparent difference in size between

those in which the pupae had been forced and those in which

they had not been forced. This seemed to me especially

marked in the cases of Selenia bilunaria and S. tetralunaria,

but it seemed also more or less noticeable with Pericallia

syringaria and some of the genus Zonosoma, including Z,

punctaria.

“The difference in mass between the summer and the

winter phase of Se/enia is well known, and in a paper I read

before the International Entomological Congress at Brussels

last year I gave reasons for the conclusion that the cause of

this difference is temperature in the /arval stage. But the

specimens I am now exhibiting appear to indicate that

temperature during the pupal stage may cause substantial

difference in mass, at least so far as wing-expanse may

be taken as a measure of that. Knowing, however, how

deceptive general appearance often is, and in order to be sure

of my facts where the circumstances admitted of certainty, I

selected as many as five families which struck me as indicating

this difference in a marked degree, and I caused the wing

expanse of each individual to be carefully measured by a

qualified observer, Mr. Ricks, one of the staff of the Brighton

Municipal Science College. The measurements were made with

a Vernier microscope, reading to ;,'55 part of a centimetre, but

I am informed that the results cannot be relied upon to a

greater accuracy than ,j, of a centimetre, 7. ¢. about 54,5 of

aninch. The following tables epitomise the results—

(esse)

| | |

Males | Females

Cooled. Foreed. Cooled. Forced.

| |

«|, | Average |» | Average | Percentage || 1 Average | Average Percentage

Family No.) expanse | No.) ‘expanse | Difference. expanse liane expanse Difference.

I 6 3°93 2 3°88 1 IES; 7 411 4 3°89 on

II D)| 8-84) Wave Bisuenie » 2078 3] 4:93 2 3°86 9°5

aT MeO e-es eee as B47 | 10-4 9| 417 | 9 3°88 75

IV |12| 387 | 4] 2345 | 122 | 17] 208 | 7 | 8:95 07

10 | 3°77 8 3°32 13°6 | 14 8°85 | 4 3°80 i853

— ee i ! —— os l

All 39 | 3°84 23 3°37 13°6 | 46 4:02 | 20 3°89 | 3:3

“Treating all the families as one family, the results are as

follows :—

eee Se RS

were Average wing | Increase of | Percentage |

ey Description. expanse. ~ | the cooled, | of increase.

39 Cooled males 3°84 \

eR Es eee ee : "47 13°9 | Males

23 Forced males 3°37 J

46 Cooled females 4°02 \

- ‘14 3°6 Females

26 Forced females 3°88 J

“Tt will be observed that in every one of the five families the

cooled are, on the average, larger than the forced, the differ-

ence ranging in the males from 1°3 to 20:8 per cent. (averaging

13°6 or 13°9), in the females from 0-7 to 9:5 per cent. (averag-

ing 3'3 or 36). It seems to me that the difference is too

great and too diffused, embracing, as it does, each sex in five

separate families, to be explained in any other way than this:

that it is caused by something that, in consequence of the

difference in temperature, happened to either those forced or

those cooled, or both of them, in the pupal stage. ‘The only

loophole I can see for error in this explanation is that the

whole of the families were not preserved, some having been

sacrificed for breeding purposes, so it may be that a larger

proportion of those forced was preserved than of those cooled.

The differences of aspect—colour, intensity, and to some ex-

( yar 3}

tent form of markings—caused by pupal temperature are of

course well recognised, and these differences are fully ex-

emplified in the exhibits. But I think they show also other

differences partaking of a structural character. Those which

have been cooled appear to me to be more strongly den-

ticulated, though, before fully accepting this view, I think

there should be careful measurement; and there is certainly

a difference in the thickness of the scaling, as may be per-

ceived by holding them up to the light, those forced appearing

more opaque than the others, and having a smoother surface.

“T should perhaps mention that the imagines I exhibit all

seemed healthy and vigorous, and that, besides these families,

I have many others that appear to show similar results, and

in no one of these other families, of which [ have a large

number, have I been able to observe any directly opposite

results. I should be very glad if those who have the op-

portunity would test the results, especially as regards mass,

and suggest that this might be done by weighing a large

number of forced pupae and of cooled pupae, shortly after

pupation, and again shortly before emergence. The great

difficulty here would be with the forced ones, as their pupal

period would be only about ten days, but it is no greater

than close watching could cope with. The summer pupae,

producing the summer phase, are much more amenable to

temperature than those pupating in autumn, and I should be

happy to supply eggs this spring to those who have the

means of trying this experiment accurately and are willing

to do so. If I had consulted only my own reputation I

should have held back this paper until I could have made

further research, with particular reference to the points on

which I have suggested further inquiry, but I am afraid that

if I waited for that it might never be done; and I do think

that there is sufficient in the facts I have put forward to

justify me in bringing the matter before the Society as one

worthy of consideration and of further observation.”

There was a short discussion on the subject, in which the

Rev. G. Wuzeter, Dr. Lonestarr, and Dr. CHApMaN joined.

Srerzoscoric Pxorocrara.—Mr. H. Main exhibited a

stereoscopic photograph of the cocoon of Chirysopa flava,

( hxiv 2)

opened to show the hybernating larva, and of the larva taken

out of the cocoon to show how it lies coiled up with its tail

over its head.

Gigantic Psycuip Cases.—Mr. O. E. Janson exhibited

larvae and cases of a Psychid from Amboyna, the cases being

beautifully constructed and closely covered on the exterior

with small spines, intermixed with larger spines or thorns.

The largest of the cases measured 9 ins. in length.

Paper.

Dr. CHAPMAN read a paper on “The British and a few

Continental Species of the Genus Scoparia,’ and showed

photographs of the genitalia, and a drawing to illustrate the

neuration.

Conversazione.

The SEcRETARY announced that the Conversazione was fixed

for Wednesday, May 17th, and that the Linnean Society had

kindly placed their Rooms at the disposal of the Society for

that occasion, and were generously lending their lantern,

making no charge for light or for the current for the lantern.

He also announced that Professor Poulton and Mr. Enock

had consented to give lectures on that occasion. As the

arrangements with the Linnean Society preclude the sale of

tickets, it will be necessary to ask for a subscription towards

the expenses (for refreshments, printing, postage, &c.) from

those who apply for them, and also strictly to limit the

number for which each Fellow may apply. Details will

shortly be circulated.

Vote of Thanks.

On the motion of Mr. Rowianp-Brown, seconded by the

Rev. G. WHEELER, a vote of thanks was unanimously passed

to the President and Council of the Linnean Society for their

kindness and generosity, and the Secretary was instructed to

convey to them a notification of the same.

Cae ')

Wednesday, April 5th, 1911.

The Rey. F. D. Morice, M.A., President, in the Chair.

Hlection of Fellows.

The following gentlemen were elected Fellows of the

Society : Messrs. H. W. Davey, Inspector of the Department

of Agriculture, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; H. Bormnav,

99 rue de la Céte St. Thibault, Bois de Colombes, Seine,

France ; Rurus Maturinson, Oakland, Windermere.

Obituary.

The PresipENT announced the death of Mr. P. C. T.

SNELLEN, of Rotterdam, the oldest Honorary Fellow of the

Society, and moved that an expression of sympathy be for-

warded to his family ; this was seconded by Mr. Gahan and

carried unanimously.

Exhibitions.

CaNADIAN Prerips.—Mr. Ropert ADKIN exhibited on behalf

of Mr. Lachlan Gibb of Montreal, Canada, three specimens

(two males and one female) of a Pieris taken by Mr. Gibb at

Lost River, Canada, in May 1910, together with series of

P. oleracea and P. rapae from the same and other Canadian

localities for comparison. Mr. Gibb, in forwarding the speci-

mens, had pointed out that the three in question differed from

P. oleracea in having the body more grey, the base, and in

the case of the female the apices of the forewings, more

suffused with grey, and in the female having spotted fore-

wings; also that their habits in the field were different, in

that their flight was more robust, and that they inhabited

open grassy places, whereas P. oleracea was found only in

woods. He also mentioned that P. rapae was not an in-

digenous species, but was said to have been introduced into

Canada some sixty years ago, and had not only thoroughly

established itself, but had become one of the commonest

butterflies, whereas /P. oleracea, an indigenous species, ap-

peared to be rapidly declining in numbers, and it had been

suggested that the introduced species was driving it out. He

( =vi (})

asked the opinion of the fellows upon the three specimens,

and suggested the possibility of their being the result of

natural hybridisation between P. oleracea and P. rapae.

Dr. Dixzy was of opinion that the three specimens in

question were certainly not hybrids, and even probably only

a variety of P. oleracea; he pointed out that they differed

less from the P. oleracea exhibited than did the series of

P. vapae from one another. Mr. RowLanp-Brown observed

that the greater or less amount of grey suffusion was a

common form of variation in the genus. Dr. Lonestarr

agreed with Dr. Dixny, and remarked that P. rapae was

certainly not an indigenous species in Canada.

Earwics From Hykres.—Mr. W. J. Lucas showed three

specimens of Huborellia moesta, Géné, received on April 3rd

from Hyéres, from Dr. Chapman, with four others of the

same species. Both sexes were shown ; but they look rather

alike owing to there being little difference in the callipers.

E. moesta is quite black. There are just the rudiments of

elytra, but no wings. Antennae dark fuscous, legs partly so,

partly black. He remarked that A. annulipes, which Com-

mander Walker takes in Kent, is something like this, but

not so dark, and without rudimentary elytra; it has also

some white segments to the antennae,

CenTRAL AMERICAN Nxeoponerip.—Mr, Lucas also exhibited

a large ant, one of three specimens found this year at Swanage

in a bunch of bananas, supposed to have come from Jamaica.

The PrestpEent observed that the specimen belonged to the

genus Meoponera, and was probably WV. theresiae, Ford, a

Central American species. He added that the genus was a

curious one, combining the possession of a sting with the

single abdominal node characteristic of the stingless ants.

Bar anp ParasrticaL Direreron.—Mr. F. Muir exhibited

two specimens of the bat Miniopterus schreiberst, with Q Asco-

dipteron embedded at the base of the ear. He also showed

specimens and enlarged drawings of the ¢, ? winged and

wingless, larva and puparium of the Ascodipteron, and read

the following note :—‘ These all came from Amboyna (Dutch

E. Indies). The male and winged female hatch out as normal

imagines; the female, after finding her host, cuts her way

(xvii ')

under the skin at the base of the ear, and then casts her legs

and wings; her abdomen then develops to an enormous

extent, and entirely envelops her head and thorax, so that

she appears as a ‘ bottle-shaped’ grub without legs or head.

The larvae develop in the uterus in the usual pupiparous

manner, and when full grown pass out through the vagina

and fall to the ground, where they immediately pupate, hatch-

ing out as imagines in about thirty to thirty-one days. This

species I have named Ascodipteron speiserianum, after Dr. Paul

Speiser, the authority on this group of flies. I took another

species in North Queensland, living on the same species of bat.”

Forcep APHANTOPUS HYPERANTHUS.—Mr. L. W. Newman ex-

hibited, on behalf of Mr. G. B. Oliver, of Wolverhampton, a

series of A. hyperanthus bred during January and February,

1911, from ova laid by a Leamington 9 in July, 1910. The

larvae were fed in glass-topped metal boxes in a warm room

(the fire being out at night). The specimens, though rather

small, showed a great tendency to produce large spots both on

the upper and under side, A few captured specimens from

the same locality, selected for prominent spotting, served to

add emphasis to this tendency in the forced specimens.

Loneicorn BEETLE rrom Hykres.—Mr. H. J. Turner ex-

hibited living specimens of a Longicorn Beetle, Agapanthia

asphodeli, sent by Dr. Chapman from Hyéeres.

Commander WaLkER observed that he had found it in

Malta (the only common longicorn there), and also at

Gibraltar in the early spring, and always on asphodel.

Wednesday, May 3rd, 1911.

The Rev. F. D. Moricr, M.A., President, in the Chair.

Obituary.

The PrestDENT announced the death of two Fellows of

the Society, the Rev. Canon CrurrweLL, and Mr. W. A.

Rotuason, and said a few words with regard to the career

of each. Dr. Dixey also gave a short appreciation of Canon

CRUTTWELL.

(¢ Sacyniy -})

Resolutions.

The PresipENT informed the Society that the authorities of

the Science Museum had persuaded the Government to allow

them to take a portion of the land belonging to the Natural

History Museum at South Kensington, for the purpose of

erecting new buildings of their own, thereby precluding

much-needed additions to the Natural History Museum,

especially in the Entomological Department, and called on

Mr. G. T. Beroune-Baker to submit to the Society a Resolu-

tion on the subject, which had already been unanimously passed

by the Council.

Mr. Brernunr-Baxker fully explained to the Society the

position of affairs. He said that owing to differences of

opinion which had arisen between the authorities, the land

in question had been definitely assigned in 1899 to the

‘Trustees of the British Museum (of which the Natural History

Museum is an integral part), and that the Spirit Building had

been erected on this land at a cost to the nation of about

£35,000. The Trustees of the British Museum had now

been asked to hand this land over to the Science Museum,

and on their refusal had been over-ridden by the Government.

In order to strengthen the hands of the Trustees, it was

hoped that all the Societies interested in Natural History

would pass Resolutions against this forcible expropriation,

since the Spirit Building would have to be erected (at much

greater cost and of about twice its present size) on the only

ground available for extending the Zoological, and especially

the Entomological, accommodation of the Museum, He then

read the following Resolution :—

““The Council and Fellows of the Entomological Society of

London have heard with grave anxiety that it has been pro-

posed to build a part of the contemplated extension of the

Science Museum on land belonging to the Natural History

Museum. It has been represented to the Society that this

would involve the demolition of the Spirit Building, and its

re-erection between the main part of the Museum and one of

the public roads.

“Tt appears to the Society that the rebuilding of the Spirit

Room in this position would involve the occupation of ground

oxis |)

which it has hitherto been permissible to regard as available

for the extension of the main building, and particularly of the

Insect Rooms, in which they feel themselves justified in taking

a special interest.

‘“They would point out that the collections of Insects con-

tained in the Natural History Museum form at-present but

an inadequate and incomplete representation of Entomology.

tecognising as they do that the rooms in question are already

filled almost to their utmost capacity, and that the space

which can be put at the disposal of the many students of this

branch of Zoology has been seriously restricted of late by the

growth of the collections, the Society feel themselves justified

in expressing to the Trustees of the British Museum the hope

that they will take every possible step to avoid the calamity

that would be implied by the diminution of the area available

for the enlargement of the Museum.”

He further moved that a copy of the Resolution be sent to

each of the Trustees of the British Museum, to the Prime

Minister, and to the President of the Board of Education.

Dr. Dixy, in seconding the motion, remarked that an

attempt had been made on the part of some of the authorities

at the Science Museum to represent Zoology as a matter of

small account in comparison with the Chemical Sciences. He

deprecated such comparisons, but remarked that in this case

they were wholly beside the mark; that a bargain is a

bargain, and that the land in question having been assigned

by the Government to the Natural History Museum when

the matter was under discussion, there ought to be no possi-

bility of its being taken away for the purposes of any scientific

or other body whatever, especially when it is so badly needed

by the body in actual possession.

Mr. C. O. WaTERHOUSE explained a large plan which he had

prepared of the Zoological portion of the Museum, showing

the piece of land which the Government propose to alienate,

the position of the present Spirit Building, the proposed site

for its re-erection, and the only possible site for the extension

of the Zoological wing, and pointed out how the latter would

be cramped, and the very necessary light shut out, by the pro-

posed new position of the Spirit Building. He added that the

(oe?)

whole of the present Entomological Rooms, utterly inadequate

as they are, were only a makeshift, the original plan of the

Museum regarding them as mere store-rooms. He also read

a letter showing how far the scheme of spoliation had already

advanced, and how urgent was the necessity for immediate

action.

The Rev. G. WHEELER added that, bad as things looked if

the Spirit Building were erected on the proposed site close to

Queen’s Gate, yet they would be even worse in the very

possible event of the owners of the land or houses at the

other side of the road objecting to the close proximity of the

Spirit Building, as it would then have to be pushed further

back towards the Museum, not merely reducing and damaging

the available space for extension, but making it totally

impossible to build any extension at all.

The resolution was carried unanimously.

Mr. H. Rowianp-Brown then moved that “If a deputation

be appointed to wait on Mr. Runciman with regard to this

matter, the Officers and Council of the Entomological Society

desire to be represented on it.”

This was seconded by Mr. BrerHuns-Baker and carried

unanimously, and Mr. C. O. WatErHousE said that he would

see that it was made known in the right quarters.

Exhibitions.

A Rare British Brerne.—Commander J. J. Wa.kEr

exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Gro. Brown, of Coatbridge,

Lanarkshire, living specimens of Helophorus tuberculatus, Gyll.,

hitherto exceedingly rare as a British insect. These were

taken by Mr. Brown at the end of April, walking about on

bare dry peaty soil on the moors near Coatbridge.

ABNORMAL BretLteE.—Mr. O. E. Janson exhibited a new

and remarkable Lamellicorn beetle, belonging to the Cremasto-

chilides group of the Cetoniidae, in which the anterior tarsi

were unmistakably six-jointed. He believed this was the first

known instance in the whole of the Coleoptera where the tarsal

joints exceeded five. The specimen was received in a collection

made by Dr. Bayon in Uganda, and sent to him for determina-

tion by Dr. Gestro, the Director of the Civic Museum, Genoa.

(inet)

Mr. C. O. WaTERHOUSE suggested that it was probably an

abnormal specimen, six-jointed tarsi being so far unknown in

Entomology. Mr. G. C. CHAMPION expressed concurrence in

this opinion.

VARIETIES OF APLECTA NEBULOSA.—Mr. A. Harrison ex-

hibited a drawer of Delamere Forest Aplecta nebulosa, bred

last year from var. robsoni 3 and var. thompsoni 9, by himself

and Mr. H. Main. He said: “Only fifty moths were bred,

26 / of the grey form, 42 / of robsoni and 32% of thompsoni.

This result quite negatives our idea that the form robsoni was

a heterozygote, or hybrid (so called) and that the grey form

and thompsoni were homozygotes, or pure. We had been led

to this conclusion by the results previously reported as being

obtained by ourselves and by Mr. Mansbridge. From a large

brood, both parents vobsont, we had previously bred 25 7

grey, 51% robsoni, and 24 / thompsoni, obviously Mendelian

proportions. From several broods, both parents grey, we had

bred only the grey form. From the grey form crossed with

thompsoni, Mr. Mansbridge had obtained only robsoni, and

from the grey form crossed with robsoni he had bred 50 /

robsoni and 50 / grey. These two latter broods were very

small, but all the results pointed to the conclusion mentioned

above, and appeared to be parallel to the well-known case of

the Andalusian fowl, where we have also three forms, a black,

a white (splashed with black or blue), and a blue, the latter

being the hybrid, and the two former being pure. However,

the results obtained last year show that the problem is not so

simple as this, and that it will require further experiments

before it can be solved.”

FeMALEs OF Lastus mrxtus.—Mr. DonistHorPE exhibited

three 99 of Lasius mixtus, Nyl., a race of L. wmbratus, Ny).,

and a @ of the latter for comparison. He remarked that there

were only two records of its capture in Britain—at Bickleigh,

near Plymouth, by Bignell, and in the Isle of May by Grim-

shaw, who both recorded ¢ 4, 2 2, and $9. One of his

specimens was taken at Weybridge last year, and another at

Mickleham, in company with Mr. Crawley, where they each

took a specimen last month. The third was captured this

year by Mr. Dollman in Richmond Park. He pointed out

(\-exaa.)))

the difference between this race and wnbratus, and said 1t was

probably widely distributed. He added that Mr. Evans had

sent him 2 ? and 096 from the Isle of May to name.

AGRIADES THETIS AB. COELESTIS.—Mr. H. RowLanp-Brown

brought for exhibition examples of Agriades thetis (bellargus)

ab. 2 coelestis, Obthr., taken last August at Dompierre-sur-

Mer, Charente-Inférieure. He said that so far as is known

at present, this brilliant form of the blue Q is confined in

western Europe to the west and south-west of France ; roughly

speaking, between the valley of the Loire and the Gironde,

where it occurs locally not unfrequently ; the blue form of

A. coridon 9, var. syngrapha, also being found in the same

calcareous region. Examples from Angouléme, Charente,

and from Auzay, Vendée, as well as from Dompierre-sur-Mer,

are figured by M. Charles Oberthiir in his ‘‘ Lépidoptérologie

Comparée,” fase. iv, pl. xix.

SomE New Species anp Forms or Iyp1an Burrerriies.—

Mr. G. W. V. be Rué-Puitire exhibited several new Indian

butterflies and communicated the following notes upon

them :—

“ Kuploea mulciber, Cramer, var. duarseri g. The large

Indo-Malayan genus Huploea is divided into several. groups or

sub-genera, according to the nature or position of the sex

marks on the male insect. The new form falls into the sub-

genus 7'repsichrois, Hiibner, in which the male mark consists

of a large patch of specialised scales on the upperside of the

hindwing. The only distinct representative of this sub-genus

in India is the common Z. mulciber, Cramer = EL. midamus, L. ;

and, pending further material, the new insect is being treated

as a distinct variety of this species. A full description of

duarseri was published in the “‘ Journal of the Bombay Natural

History Society,” vol. xx, p. 755. It differs from 2. muleiber—

a normal specimen of which is shown for purposes of com-

parison—in the almost entire absence of pale violescent spots

on the upperside of the fourewing—spots which are a constant

and striking feature of the latter. The specimen was taken

near the foot of the Bhutan Hills, in November, 1908.

“Charaxes raidhaka, mihi ¢. <A detailed description of this

new species appeared in the “ Records of the Indian Museum,”

(0) saa." .)

vol. ii, p. 285 (Oct., 1908), and a further note thereon was

published in the ‘‘ Bombay Natural History Society’s Journal,”

vol. xx, p. 757. ‘It is closely allied to the widespread Indian

C. fabius, Fabricius, and approaches some of the Malayan

forms of the genus. The type exhibited was taken up a hill-

stream in dense forest on the Bhutan frontier (1500 ft.) in

June, 1908. On another visit to the locality last year (1910)

I saw what I am almost sure was another specimen; but the

flight of all insects of the genus is extremely powerful and

swift, and in the difficult country it evaded the net.

“ Buripus consimilis, Westwood, new dimorphic Q form

torsa. There are two species of Luripus in India—F. consimilis,

_ Westwood, and F. halitherses, Doubleday. The 9° of the latter

is polymorphic, the various forms mimicking different species

of the protected genus Huploea. Only one form of the 2 of

E. consimilis has hitherto been found ; and the discovery that

there is also a second, mimicking a protected species, is

thus particularly interesting. The normal or common ¢ of

E. consimilis possibly mimics a protected white Pierid. In

the new form now shown, the indigo blue markings on the

upperside of the forewing have been so extended as to become

the base colour of the wing; and the insect, in flight, is almost

indistinguishable from the protected Huploea diocletiana, Fab.,

also found in the locality. A full description of the new type

of 2 appears in vol. xx of the “ Journal of the Bombay Natural

History Society,” p.758. It was captured in forest country in

the Bhutan Terai (500 ft.), in November, 1908. For purposes

of comparison, a type specimen of the model Z. diocletiana and

one form of 9 Huripus halitherses (named L. isa), which also

mimics L. diocletiana, are also exhibited.

“Cyaniris parishii, mihi g. This new species of a most

interesting genus was taken by me at an elevation of 5000 ft.

in the Khasi Hills, Assam, during the rainy season. It was

described in the “Journal of the Bombay Natural History

Society,” vol. xx, p. 763 (1910).

** Nacaduba ardates, Moore, var. dima g. This insect

appears to be a somewhat distinct variety of the common Indian

NV. ardates. It differs from the parent form in the shade of

purple on the upperside, and in the very dark tint and shorten-

( | axa 4)

ing of the basal striga on the underside. The specimen

comes from the foot of the Naga Hills in N.E. India, and was

described at p. 764 of the “Journal of the Bombay Natural

History Society,” already referred to.

“ Terias silhetana, Wallace. The normal colouring of this

species is, as shown in the example exhibited, a bright rich

citron yellow. A quaint sport or aberration is also shown, in

which the ground-colour is a very light creamy white, while

patches and specks of the ordinary citron yellow are scattered

irregularly over the wings.”

PIERIS OLERACEA AND P. RapAE.—Dr. Drixey, referring to

Mr. Apkin’s exhibit at the previous meeting, said that having

examined the three specimens in question, he was decidedly of

opinion that they were a form of P. oleracea; he added that

although one specimen is spotted and two are not, all three

are 2 9.

HYBERNIA MARGINARIA.—Mr. H. M. Epetsren exhibited

three generations of Hybernia marginaria, being the result of a

pairing between a dark ¢ and 9 taken wild in Epping Forest

in 1908. The 1909 brood did not vary much from the parents.

The 1910 brood produced specimens with dark margins, and

three unicolorous males. The 1911 brood produced specimens

with lighter margins and dark interiors, but no unicolorous

specimens. The darkest males and females were paired in

each case. These dark forms have only appeared in Epping

Forest the last few years.

Living Berrites.—Mr. G. C. CHAmpion sent round living

specimens of Corymbites purpureus and Morimus lugubris, taken

by Dr. Cuapman at Amélie-les-Bains, Pyrénées Orientales.

A Woop-soring Larva.—Mr. L. W. Newman showed a

stick of Salix capraea containing larvae supposed to be those of

the “Wood Wasp.” He pointed out that the larvae make

caps like Aegeria andrenaeformis, and that the cocoon is exactly

like that of a ‘‘clear-wing,”’ and the workings very like those

of Aegeria.

A discussion arose on this exhibit, in which the PREsIDENT,

Mr. DontstHorPE, Dr. CHAPMAN, and other Fellows took part,

and in which widely different views were expressed even as to

the order to which the larvae in question belonged.

(1 xxurr)

Eneuish Hytorcus Pinastri.—Mr. A. G. Scorer exhibited

a specimen of Hyloicus (Sphinx) pinastri, of whose British

origin he had no doubt. It was caught near Aldeburgh, and

sent to him by John Bates, who had been in his employment

as page-boy. Another specimen was taken at the same time,

but this he had not seen.

GYNANDROMORPHIC SpEcIMEN.—Mr. Scorer also exhibited a

gynandromorphic specimen of Gonepteryx rhamni, taken by

himself at Salisbury, on September 2, 1894. It was evenly

divided, the right side being @ and the left ¢.

Errictent Rentaxinc Boxrs.—Dr. K. Jorpan exhibited

some insects from India in one of Mr. Newman’s relaxing

boxes, which had remained throughout their journey as fresh

as if just captured, and were in perfect condition for setting.

He remarked also that they were entirely free from mould or

stain. These particular butterflies had been papered, but

Dr. JorpDAN explained that it was better merely to place them

between layers of cotton wool, as paper was apt to contain

acids or other deleterious matter.

Inrerestinc Leprpoprera.—Dr. Jorpan also exhibited the

Saturniid moth, Dysdaemonia kadeni, in its resting attitude.

The hindwings are for the greater part concealed under the

forewings, only the anal area and the tail projecting. The

abdomen being bent towards the left side, the insect in this

attitude resembles a crumpled dry leaf, and recalls the much

smaller Bombycid—also exhibited— Sorocabu anomala, which,

as is well known, assumes a similar attitude when at rest.

He further exhibited a species of Cosmosoma, Family Syntom-

idae, partly covered with a white wool. According to the

collector (A. H. Fassl), ‘‘the insect when touched ejects from

a fold on the underside of the abdomen a white wool, which

completely envelops the specimen.” The hitherto unknown

female of Ogyris meeki, Roths., a Lycaenid from New Guinea,

was likewise shown, together with the male and several

Hypochrysops.

A WELL-ARRANGED CoLLection.—Mr. Hawxsuaw exhibited

several drawers of Lepidoptera, beautifully arranged and set ;

placed on squared paper, and with the written history of

every insect accompanying it. Mr. Hawksuaw explained that

nal .

(, exaevay se )

the drawers were all interchangeable and were arranged

perpendicularly like books, instead of horizontally as usual.

Papers.

ComMANDER WALKER, one of the Secretaries, communicated

the following papers :—

“Some African anda few Australian Aculeate Hymenoptera

in the Oxford Museum,” by the late Col. Brycuam, with a

prefatory note by Prof. Poutron ; communicated by RowLanp

TURNER.

“A contribution to the Life-history of Hesperia (Syrichthus)

sidae,” by Haroirp Powetu.

‘‘ Biological Notes on Indian Pierine Larvae,’ by Capt.

FRAZER.

Wednesday, June 7th, 1911.

The Rev. F. D. Moricr, President, in the Chair.

The South Kensington Site.

After reading the Minutes, the Secretary observed that he

had exceeded his instructions with regard to the Memorial

passed at the last meeting, and had sent it to the Zimes, where

it had appeared, and to the principal Press Associations, as

well as (at the request of Mr. Waterhouse) to the Director of

the Natural History Museum. This was approved by the

Meeting.

Vote of Thanks.

The PRESIDENT proposed that the thanks of the Society be

given to the Rev. G. WHEELER for his work in connection

with the Conversazione. Mr. WHEELER replied in a few

words and gave an abstract of the accounts, showing that

all expenses were paid, including those incurred for the

postponed Conversazione last year, and that a small balance

would remain.

Exhibitions.

BaARYPITHES PELLUCIDUS.—Commander J. J. WALKER exhi-

bited specimens of Barypithes pellucidus, Boh., from Oxford,

Cf eevax

Enfield, and Tavistock respectively, and for comparison,

B. duplicatus, Keys, from the Blean Woods and Birchington,

Kent.

Mr. F. B. Jennines remarked that he took B. pellucidus

on buttercups and inquired whether any were present where

these specimens were taken. Commander WALKER replied

that there were no flowers at all, only short grass, in the

locality where his Oxford specimens were taken.

Myrmecopuitous Lepipoprera.—Commander WALKER also

showed a series of specimens illustrating the life-history of

Cyclotorna, Meyrick, a genus of Myrmecophilous Lepidoptera,

from Queensland, sent by Mr. F. P. Dopp with his paper on

the insects subsequently read.

Myrmecopuinous Acart.—Mr. DonistHorps exhibited live

specimens of Antennophorus uhlmanni, Haller, on the 5 o

from a nest of Lasiws wmbratus at Woking. Only two

specimens have been taken before in Britain—by Michael,

in an ants’ nest at Land’s End.

Also Uropoda philoctena fastened on the strigil of a % of

the same ant from the same locality. This species is new

to Britain.

ProBaABLE NEw Species or HypopErMa.—Mr. C. O. WaTER-

HOUSE exhibited larvae of a species of Hypoderma received

by the Secretary from India from Mr. J. E. Mippieton, with

a note that they had been taken from a gazelle and were

probably an undescribed species. Mr. WaternousE took

charge of them for the Museum, but expressed the strongest

doubts as to the possibility of determining a species of

Hypoderma from the larvae. There is, however, no Indian

Hypoderma described hitherto.

A New Species or Mymar.—Mr. F. Enock exhibited a

photomicrograph of a new species of J/ymar, accompanied by

one of M. pulchellus for comparison, and read the following

note :—

“It is with no small amount of pleasure that I am able to

record the discovery of another species of that most remark-

able genus of ovivorous parasites, Mymar, Hal., popularly

known as the Battledore-wing Fly, so named from the shape

of the anterior wings, which resemble a long-handled battle-

( (xXxvbHie )

dore, while the posterior pair are but mere bristles about one-

sixth the length of the anterior, to which they are united by

three small hooks.

“This new species I was fortunate in capturing. last Satur-

day, June 3rd, 1911, at Burnham Beeches, where I had been

sweeping for Mymaridae, but with very poor results—only

twelve common species. Noticing some long grass, I swept it.

Sitting down to examine the small heap of minute bits of sharp

grass stems and seeds at the bottom of my net, I saw the

familiar form of Mymar struggling to get free from the débris,

and knowing that directly it did, it would ‘ hop, skip and jump,’

I quickly placed a phiai over it, and corked it safely. I then

saw that its left antenna was broken.

“On reaching home I killed my twelve common species,

and then Wymar, in the thirteenth phial. Proceeding to set

it out, I found the battledore wings in a tangle, and

endeavoured to brush them out; a small piece of ‘fluff’

kept getting in the way, so placing the fly under my micro-

scope to see which way I could best remove the ‘ fluff,’ I

focussed it, and for some moments I could not believe my

own eyes, for instead of ‘fluff’ it was the posterior wing

three times the length of an ordinary one of Mymar pul-

chellus, and I began to realise that I had before me a new

species—for not only were the posterior wings greatly

elongated into a very narrow battledore with six long hairs

on the lower margin, but the anterior wings were surrounded

with sixty long hairs—instead of the thirty-five of Mymar

pulchellus. In other respects the colour was much the same.

‘‘ As soon as I could, I made a photomicrograph of it of

thirty diameters magnification.

“Considering the importance of this addition to the little-

known British Mymaridae, I felt that it had appeared at a

very opportune time, when so many distinguished visitors

had come for the Coronation of His Most Gracious Majesty

King George V, so I suggested to Mr. Waterhouse that we

should christen it IMymar regalis.”

Mr. C. O. WatERHOUSE commented on the extreme interest

of this discovery, remarking that the M/ymaridae have very

small hindwings, in Mymar they are reduced to a mere bristle ;

Ce acixe* *)

the gap between this and Stephanodes, for example, which is

very great, is partially bridged by Mr. Enock’s discovery, and

possibly other links may be found in the future.

ArricAN CuHaraxes.—Mr. H. Rownann-Brown exhibited

some drawers of Miss Founrainn’s bred series of African

Charaxes. PRoressor PouLTon commented on these, regretting

that the parent had not been preserved with the corresponding

offspring in each case.

A Pompitip Mimickep sy A Repuviip Bue.—Dr. CHArpMan

exhibited a box of. insects to illustrate a case of mimicry, on

which he read the following note :—

“In March and April, both at Hyéres and at Amélie-les-

Bains, my attention was attracted to a Reduviid bug, P2rates

hybridus, Scop. I followed up one or two on the wing,

taking them for Pompilid Hymenoptera, and when they settled

on the ground their movements were precisely those of

Pompilus when hunting on the ground—sharp, active, jerky,

and taking wing at once if alarmed. The red colouring on

the elytra was, when running, much like the red of a Pompilid

body between or under the wings. After the first one or two

specimens one of course easily distinguished the bug for what

it was.

“One would, at first, take this for a case of Batesian

mimicry, but on picking up the bug, it often occurred that

one was stung, about as sharply as many Pompilids do, and

some are fairly proficient therein. The sting was of course

the thrust of the beak or proboscis, of which not a few Reduviid

bugs can make effective weapons of defence. The sting not

only enhances the resemblance to an Aculeate, but gives a

thoroughly Miillerian aspect to the association.

‘There are very many bugs of similar form and brilliant

coloration, Pyrrhocoris, etc. These are mostly slow-moving

and harmless, and have, I imagine, no connection with the

species under notice, but are probably cases of warning

coloration of distasteful morsels.

“In the Cambridge Nat. History, Dr. Sharp quotes Seitz as

recording a Reduviid at Corcovado in Brazil that exactly re-

sembles a wasp of the genus Pepsis, and moves in the same

wasp-like manner, and Prof. Poulton tells me of a British

(OPeaome’ #))

Reduviid observed by Mr. Hamm, with precisely the same

mimicry.”

An UNbrxXPLAINED AssociaTion.—Dr. CHAPMAN also read

the following note on a nest of Polistes gallica :—

“ At Hyéres, on March 29th, 1911, at 10.30 a.m., witha gale

from the east (Sirocco), sky overcast and a few drops of rain ;

I found, on turning over a stone, under its edge a small nest of

Polistes gallica. The nest consisted of eight small cells, in

each of five of which was one egg. It could not have been

founded very long. Under it (above it before the stone was

turned over) there rested not one ? but two 9 2 side by side.

The advancement of the nest showed that it was impossible for

one of these to be a worker reared in the nest.

“Were they working together, or was one only a casual

visitor, taking shelter during the inclement weather? In the

latter case would it not have been regarded and treated as an

enemy, instead of both resting together in a _ thoroughly

friendly way?”

Living Larvar or CaLLopurys avis.—Dr, CHAPMAN also

exhibited some well-grown larvae of Callophrys avis from the

Riviera.

Hemipterous Mimics or Hymenoprera.—Prof. . Pouuron

exhibited on behalf of Mr. A. H. Hamm, assistant in the

Hope Dept. of the Oxford University Museum, a case of

insects illustrative of certain associations of mimetic British

Hemiptera-Heteroptera with their Hymenopterous models,

and communicated the following paper from him :—

“The examples of mimicry mentioned below may be well

known to entomologists : certainly the ant-like appearance of

Nabis has been often described. My chief object is to record

the fact that the Hemiptera are to be found in the localities

frequented by their models, and often in their company.

Field observations are especially important in the mimics of

insects, such as the Hymenoptera Aculeata, with extremely

characteristic habits and movements.

“ Alydus calcaratus, L.—During one of my visits to S.

Devon (August, 1899), I was collecting Aculeates on and

about the heather at Bovey Tracey, and took what I thought

was a Pompilid. On looking into the net I was surprised to

(es sexexat 1!)

see nothing but an ordinary-looking, although very active,

Coreid bug. While still watching it running about the net,

the bug opened its wings to take flight, and exposed the

bright red patch which covers two-thirds of the abdomen.

The resemblance which had at first deceived me is not, how-

ever, solely due to the colouring ; for the short, jerky flight

and manner of running in and about the herbage, so charac-

teristic of the Pompilidae, is also a marked feature in the

movements of A. calcaratus. The bug is also to be found in

the localities haunted by the Pompilidae. Within a few yards

of the spot where I netted the above specimen and on the

same day (Aug. 10th, 1899), [captured a 9 Pompilus viaticus, L.

Again, in the New Forest, on Aug. 14th, 1908, I captured an

example of A. calcaratus and Salius exaltatus, F. 2 in close

proximity. On many other occasions, but always in sandy,

heathy localities, I have seen this Coreid mimic, and its

Pompilid-like movements and appearance have invariably

attracted my attention.

“The observations recorded above refer to the mature

insect: I now propose to speak of the earlier stages. On a

sand-bank just outside Beaulieu Road Station, in the New

Forest, I observed (Aug. 10th, 1908) what I at first mistook for

Formica rufa, L. Knowing, however, that the ant is not

found in this spot my curiosity was aroused, and looking more

closely I saw that the insect was an immature bug. Within a

short distance several other examples were found. These Mr.

E. A. Butler has kindly determined for me as very young

specimens of A. alcaratus, L. In this stage the bugs are

remarkably ant-like, resembling most closely the common

F. rufa, although at Beaulieu they were running about in

company with Formica fusca, Latr., race fusco-rufibarbis. This

latter ant, which was very abundant, itself somewhat resembles

a smalldark F. rufa. On Aug. 14th I found another immature

Alydus in the same spot under precisely similar conditions.

“We thus see that the same species of bug, in two different

phases of its life-history, mimics forms belonging to two widely-

separated families of the Hymenoptera.

“ Pilophorus, sp.—I have also had various opportunities of

observing two other species of Heteroptera which are remark-

Cex) 5)

ably ant-like in their earlier stages. During the year 1900,

when I was living in St. Mary’s Road, Oxford, there was in

the garden a rather old, diseased apple-tree, badly infested

with cotton-blight, Sesiids, Aphides, ete. Ants of the species

Lasius niger, L., were always journeying up and down the

trunk, and in their company were many individuals of an

immature Capsid bug, which Mr. E. A. Butler identifies as a

species of Pilophorus, probably P. cinnamopterus, Kb. At

this stage the bugs were remarkably ant-like, and there can

be little doubt that this mimetic resemblance as well as the

companionship of the ants is advantageous to them.

“ Nabis lativentris, Boh.—At Wellington College, Berks, on

Aug. 10th, 1907, I found animmature example of the Reduviid

bug, Nahs lativentris, Boh., actually in the ant-run and in

company with Lasius fuliginosus, Latr. Again at Bembridge,

Isle of Wight, on July 8th, 1909, another immature specimen of

the same species was found in company with Lasius niger. Itis

well known that these immature bugs possess a large, whitish

patch on each side of the first abdominal segment, obliterating

its breadth and giving it the appearance of a narrow, ant-like

waist. This species, like the preceding, no doubt derives benefit

from its close resemblance to ants and association with them.

“T wish to thank Mr. EK. A. Butler for kindly determining

this species for me. ‘The examples now exhibited I have

given to the Hope Department, where they will be accessible

to all students of insects.”

Mr. DonistHorPE observed that he had already made and

published the same observations on the same species, with the

exception of the Pompilid, and that it was very interesting

that Mr. Hamm should have independently recorded the same

circumstances, The PreEstpENT observed that in countries

which might be called the headquarters of the Pompilids, and

where they were divided into three groups, so far as colouring

is concerned, viz. black, yellow and black, and red and black,

he had frequently noticed that each group was accompanied

by other insects of various orders, of the same coloration

in each case. He suggested that the question of mimicry

involved in the cases under discussion has a much wider scope

than any to which British insects alone can supply an answer.

(oe Rech + }

FAMILY CONTAINING A NEW FEMALE FORM, LEIGHI, BRED FROM

A TROPHONIUS, WeEstw., FEMALE OF PAPILIO DARDANUS CENEA,

STOLL, FROM PinETowNn, NATAL.

Prof. Poutton exhibited the trophonius parent and the

fifty-five offspring reared from her egys by Mr. G. F. Letcu,

F.E.S, of Durban. This very interesting family had been

accompanied by the following notes written by Mr. Leigh :—

** Durban,

“* Sept. 24th, 1910.

“T should have sent you this brood of cenea last mail,

but I was away from Durban. I feel certain you will be very

pleased with it, as it is certainly the most extraordinary lot

I have ever reared from ova, and includes all three forms of

the ? and also two specimens of another very fine variety.

I am sending all to you, including these two varieties. This

brood has taken up a great deal of time, and I have bestowed

the greatest care upon them all through—about eleven weeks

inal]. [think the result will prove this, as I have only had

seven deaths, and only one real cripple in the whole lot.

* As usual when breeding a number of specimens there is

a greater proportion of females. There were great differences

in the duration of the larval stage, some individuals feeding

up very quickly, and others slowly, and also taking longer to

change their skin and to pupate. I am certain that this also

happens in wild larvae. ‘The duration of the pupal state,

however, varied very little. The first eight specimens bred

took as nearly as possible two months from ovum to imago.

At this time of the year I am sure the complete cycle would

not exceed six weeks, but the parent of this brocd was

captured in our mid-winter (dry season), and consequently

the food-plant was very dried up until the rains of about the

last four days, This, in my opinion, accounts for the fact

that the larvae did not feed so freely as they would have done

at this time of the year.

“T think this is a very interesting brood, and the results

undoubtedly show that the hippocoon form is the rarest of the

three female forms here, and this is really as it ought to be,

for Amauiris dominicanus which it mimics is very scarce now.

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., 111. 1911. C

can

( (zie)

Quite independently of this family, all collectors here now

find the hippocoon form is getting rarer in the wild state,

while trophonius is not so scarce. The very fine varieties,

Nos. 36 and 48, with a pattern including elements from all

the three other forms must now certainly rank as another

distinct female form, for I have bred two others this year,

One of these is in the Transvaal Government Museum, Pre-

toria, and the other Mr. A. D. Millar received in exchange.

Mr. Millar also captured a damaged specimen in his own

grounds, and another has been taken by Mr. Haygarth.

‘Most of the females in this lot seem to me to be rather

browner than usual on the underside. You will notice that

two of the trophonius forms resemble the parent in possessing

the brown suffusion of the white subapical bar of the fore-

wing.* One cenea is a nice variety with one of the spots on

the fore-wing brown instead of white.t All the specimens,

with two or three exceptions, are larger than any I have bred

from ova before, owing no doubt to the larvae being sleeved

in the early stages on the living food-plant. I shall always

adopt this method in future. The parent of this family was

captured at Pinetown, Natal, and it is interesting that the

two specimens similar to Nos. 36 and 48 that I bred early in

the year, were also reared from Pinetown larvae.

“G, F. Lries.”

Later in the year 1910 Mr. Leigh succeeded in breeding

two more examples of the new eight form of female, as stated

in the following extracts from letters received from him :—

* Durban,

“* Nov. 26th, 1910.

“‘T have bred one more of the fine variety of P. cenea 9

similar to the two sent you. This one, curiously enough, is also

from the ova of a trophonius 2 , so all five here bred are from

that form of parent.

“T have bred in all about 250 P. dardanus cenea from

different parents: obtaining only 8 Azppocoon form of the ?,

about 14 trophonius and 120 cenea, the others being males.”

* Careful examination of the set specimens reveals this character in all

the four ¢rophonius offspring, see p. xxxvili.—H. B. P.

+ This character is also present in other specimens, see pp. XXXVii,

Xxxvilil.—E. B. P.

( xxxy’ )}

** Durban,

** Dec. 10th, 1910.

“This form seems now likely to establish itself in this part

of the country, as I have bred another one from a wild larva

found at Sydenham, about three miles from here. It was a

very large, splendid specimen.

“G. F. Lerten.”

The female parent of the family exhibited was captured by

Mr. Leigh on June 26, 1910, at Pinetown, Natal (about

1000 ft.). She laid sixty-two eggs on June 27th—28th. The

parent is a typical trophonius with a slight fulvous suffusion

in the costal section and also along vein 5 of the subapical

bar of the fore-wing, and without an apical spot. The spot

within the fore-wing cell is divided, the detached outer end

being greyish and obscurely defined. The large costal part of

the marking is rather broad and short, in the form of an

isosceles triangle with its base towards the costa. Hereditary

influence is clearly manifest among the offspring, in the

frequency with which the spot is divided, and less frequently

in the appearance of the detached end and the form of the

costal section.

The offspring, consisting of 25 males, 22 cenea females, 4

trophonius females, 2 hippocoon females, and 2 leighi females,

emerged in the order and pupated on the dates shown in the

following table :—

Offspring of trophonius female of Papilio dardanus cenea

captured June 26, 1910, at Pinetown, Natal.

No. Date a = ales Date ‘Co Sex and 2 form.

1 August 13 August 26 Cenea 2

2 5 ag A, aan 26 Cenea Q

3 spr eed Spumeith Male

4 eg ts) Bie eH Male

5 Felts son) 428 Male

6 eae 6 Press: Cenea 2

7 aa eho Al arts, Male

8 Be Ld 21728 Male

9 Se we alts eat!) Cenea 2

| Date of Pupation

nei (1910).

10 August 16

1s Gu LO

12 aera

13 sal”,

14 pau La

15 oe ols

16 Seale

17 hilo

18 soe 2

19 pene

20 ay AU

21 egy

22 eee AsO

23 sis) eal

24 ee

25 eo

26 ln OE}

27 eos

28 ee ae

29 45 WOE

30 Pod

31 nary 1d

32 sae ee

33 aye ae

34 jjutead

35 ng) A

36 ee

37 ue DG

38 nae

39 + ZO

40 iy L2G

41 9) Hee

42 eG

43 ip ae

44 ni. ee.

45 A 45)

46 54 «20

47 sae, 220

48 ngs ee

49 ae ee,

50 jee all

51 a MT

52 fn ete

53 seh

54 A el

55 pe ell

all

XXXV1

Date of Emergence

(1910).

August 29

”

September 1

CO 00 CO CO 00 OO OO OW WH DO MNININININSININISAAARAAMAMANNE EP RH WD

Sex and @? form.

Cenea 2

Trophonius 2

Male

Hippocoon

Cenea @

Flippocoon @

Cenea 2

Male

Trophonius 2

Male

Cenea 2

Cenea @

Male

Cenea 2

Male

Cenea 2

Male

Trophonius ?

Trophonius 2

Male

Leight ?

Male.

Male

Cenea 2

Male

Cenea ?

Male

Cenea 2

Leight

Male

Cenea 2

Conca Q

Cenea 2

Cenea @

The proportion of the female forms in this very interesting

family most nearly approaches that of Family 4, bred in 1906

from a hippocoon parent (Trans. Ent. Soc., 1908, p. 429). The

present family contains, however, nearly three times as many

() mxxvai ))

cenea (22 to 8), and, above all, the two remarkable leighi

forms. In the numbers of ¢trophonius, 4 as against 3, and

of hippocoon, 2 as against 3, there is a close resemblance

between the two families.

The 25 male offspring exhibit the transition usually

found in Natal between a somewhat heavily marked sub-

marginal band to the hind-wing and one in which the costal

and inner gaps are clearly indicated. The series is a normal

one with nothing remarkable about either of the extremes.

Several of the cenea offspring exhibit the influence of the

trophonius parent in the richer deeper tinge of the basal

patch of the hind-wing—an effect which is particularly dis-

tinct in Nos. 17, 6, 14, 1, 45, and 53, increasing in the order

of these numbers. A similar influence of the trophonius

parent upon the cenea offspring was observed in 1906 (Trans.

Ent. Soc., Plate XVII, fig. 8, and Description, p. 313) and

of hippocoon upon cenea in 1908 (Trans. Ent. Soc., p. 436).

This parental influence upon the tint of offspring belonging

to a different form is extremely interesting, especially when,

as in most cases, no other visible effect is produced.

In describing the spots of the fore-wing the terminology

suggested in Trans. Ent. Soc., 1908, p. 433, is followed.

The submarginal spots (a) (8) and (y) are normal in 15

specimens. (a) is so minute as to be nearly invisible in

23 and 41: it is wanting and (3) minute in 40 and 47:

both are wanting and (y) minute in 1 and 54. The missing

spots are present on the under surface of all these specimens.

The apical spot (6) is wanting from both surfaces of 1, 45,

and 53.

All the spots of the fore-wing upper surface are white

in 6, 15, 23, and 47, and in 17, 22, 27, and 42 except for a

faint yellowish tinge of the inner marginal border of the

principal spot (1). In speaking of “spots” I do not include

the streak along the inner margin (in 15, 27, 42, 51, 55,

and minute traces in a few others), or the extension down-

wards and outwards from spot (1) into interspace 1) (in

23, 27, 41, the right side of 15, and slight indications in

several others). The above-mentioned markings where pre-

sent in this family are invariably ochreous. (1) is darkest

(( aexvall, >)

ochreous in | and 9 in which the other spots are pale

yellowish, the tint being most distinct in spot (3). In the

12 remaining specimens (1) is pale yellowish and the other

spots white except (3) and more rarely (5) which in some

specimens are very faintly tinged with yellow.

Spot (2a) between (2) and (3) is present and of large size

in 15, 23, and 42, minute in 6, 17, 27, 25 and 45, minute

and only on the left side of 41. It is present on the under

surface of all these and a few others. A new spot (3a) not

hitherto described is placed in the angle between veins 7

and 8, where they diverge from each other, in 9 and 45. <A

minute spot (4a) is present in a single specimen 52.

Spot (5) within the cell is divided into two in the usual

manner in about half the specimens of cenea: it is small in

a few and minute in 54,

The 22 cenea offspring are thus a very interesting set,

tending on the whole, as in Natal specimens generally, to

resemble the Amauwris albimaculata and the white-spotted

forms of A. echeria. The appearance of the same peculiarity,

such as the division of spot (5) in many individuals supports

the evidence brought forward in 1908 (Trans. Ent. Soc., pp.

443-5) that modifications of minute elements in the pattern

are certainly hereditary.

Of the 2 hippocoon offspring, No 16 possesses the apical

spot (3) of the fore-wing, while No. 13 resembles the parent

in being without it. Spot (5) in both resembles the parent, but

not so completely as that of the 4 trophonius.

Of the 4 trophonius offspring, two, Nos. 33 and 34, possess

the apical spot, while Nos. 11 and 19 are without it. All

four exhibit the faint fulvous suffusion of the costal section

of the subapical bar—a condition more strongly developed in

No. 33 than in the parent.

Papilio dardanus, new female form leighi.

There can be no doubt that this variety, bred in Natal by

Mr. Leigh six times in 1910 and also captured twice in Natal,

possesses sufficient stability to rank as one of the female forms

of dardanus. 1 therefore propose to name it the eight form in

honour of the naturalist who was the first to breed P. dardanus,

(i seaxixz )

the most interesting of butterflies, from known parents. Further

convincing evidence of its stability as a form is seen in the

fact that it also occurs almost unchanged so far away from

Natal as the N.E. corner of the Victoria Nyanza. A

specimen collected by Mr. A. H. Harrison about 1903 at

‘“‘Unyori,” N.E. of Kisumu, differs from the Natal specimens

no more than the other female forms of P. dardanus from

these two remote localities are known to differ. “ Unyori,” as

Mr. C. A. Wiggins informs me, is certainly a rendering of

‘‘Nyangori,” a forested locality at a height of about 5000 ft.

to the N.E. of the great lake. Mr. Harrison’s specimen

was figured 4 of the natural size, by the present writer in

Trans. Ent. Soc., 1906, Plate XX, fig. 1. It is there spoken

of as “intermediate between planemoides and cenea.” The

figure here referred to may stand as an adequate repre-

sentation of the Jleighi form described below, the slight

differences between it and the Natal specimens, as also

between the two latter, being indicated in the description.

Fore-wing upper surface. All the markings possess a rich

fulvous tint closely resembling that of planemoides, becoming

paler in closest proximity to the costa in the two Natal

specimens. The three paler markings are: spot (4), between

veins 8 and 9, the costal end of spot 5, within the cell, and

the apical spot (8), between veins 7 and 8. ‘This increasing

paleness towards the costa is also often seen in planemoides.

In form and position the subapical bar is that of trophonius

and hippocoon, while the other markings are those of cenea.

In this latter form, the principal spot (between veins 2 and 3)

may be extended downwards and outwards into the next

interspace between veins 2 and 1), as may be seen in the

examples represented on Plate XXVI, figs. 18, 19, and 21,

of Trans. Ent. Soc., 1908. In the leighi form the same

tendency is manifested to an equal extent in specimen 48,

to a slightly greater extent in 36. The latter furthermore

possesses the linear marking along the inner margin which

is also often seen in cenea; e.g. in the original of Fig. 15

referred to above. In the Unyori (Nyangori) example (Plate

XX, fig. 1, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1906) the principal spot extends

downwards much further and is continuous with the linear

(air)

marking. In this latter example the subapical bar is also

more fully developed and a faint extension of it intrudes

into the space between veins 3 and 4 and a still fainter

extension between 3 and 2, thus tending to bridge over the

interval between the bar and the principal spot. The Unyori

specimen in fact differs from the two Natal specimens in its

slightly nearer approach to the pattern of planemoides.

Lind-wing upper surface. ‘The submarginal spots, resembling

those of planemordes, are fulvous, becoming pale towards the

costal end of the series. The paleness begins in the pair of

spots in interspace 5, while those in 6 and 7 are nearly white.

This increasing paleness is far less marked in the Unyori

specimen. In form and size the great basal patch resembles

that of cenea and is somewhat smaller than in planemoides.

In 48 it is sharply demarcated from the black ground-colour,

while in 36 a more gradual transition is afforded by a

sprinkling of dark scales. The latter condition exists in

the Unyori specimen, and both are common in cenea. The

colour of the patch in 48 and in the Unyori example resem-

bles that of a rather deeply-tinted cenea, the Unyori example

differing, however, in its duller shade. The patch of 36

exhibits an approach to the whiteness of planemoides in its

pale yellow tint, which contrasts sharply with the rich colour

of the other markings.

Both Natal specimens possess the intense black ground-

colour and comparatively short fore-wings of the Natal cenea,

while the Unyori specimen possesses slightly longer fore-wings

and the duller fuscous tint of planemoides.

The under surface of both wings. The pattern of the under

surface closely resembles that of the upper, as in both cenea

and planemoides. The chief difference, in both these forms,

is due to the duller, browner shade of the black ground-colour

of the parts exposed in the resting position. Many of the

markings also tend to spread and to become less sharply

demarcated. The general effect of these changes in back-

ground and markings is that the whole of the exposed pattern

looks obscure and dull as compared with the upper surface.

There is a clear indication of the “costal gap” (Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1904, p- 683) on the under surface of 36, the pale colour

ett)

of the basal patch streaming outwards in the 5th interspace

(between veins 5 and 6). This feature, also commonly found

in cenea, planemoides and other forms, is very faintly indicated

in 48, and barely visible in the Unyori example.

I select as the type specimen 48 in the Hope Department,

Oxford University Museum, choosing it rather than 36,

because of the deeper tint of the hind-wing patch. This tint

is also found in the Unyori specimen, and is probably more

typical of the Jezghi form than the much paler shade of 36.

In addition to the individual differences between these

three specimens described above it may be added that the

spot in the cell is undivided in 36, but divided in the other

two, the detached extremity being nearly obsolete in the Unyori

(Nyangori) example. The submarginal spot (a) is wanting

from 48 (although present on the under surface), but not

from either of the other specimens. The apical spot (6) is

well developed in all.

The planemoides form is entirely unknown in Natal, and

indeed in areas far to the north of it, and hence it is im-

possible to adopt the plausible interpretation of leighi as a

hybrid between cenea and a male bearing the planemoides

tendency, or vice versa. We are therefore driven to the

hypothesis that the /ezghi form is a persistent definite stage

in the evolution of planemoides.

My friend Mr. Roland Trimen. F.R.S., has kindly sent me

(August 14, 1911) the following account of three specimens

in his collection which possess the leighi pattern, but differ in

the uniform ochreous tint of all the markings :—

“As regards the curious form of ? P. dardanus you write

about, which Leigh has sent from Natal, and which you say is

really the same as the one you figured in Trans. Ent. Soc., 1906,

Pl. XX, f. 1, from N.E. of Victoria Nyanza, I have been look-

ing up my lot of the 8. African sub-species, and find 3 examples

which approximate your fig. 1. The first and second of these

you will find noted in my “S. Afr. Butt.,” iii, p. 249 (under

‘‘B.h.” in the text), and treated there as linking hippocoon

and trophonius; the St. Lucia Bay example was taken by

Col. H. Tower in 1867, and the Delagoa Bay one by Mrs.

Monteiro in 1883. The third was captured at Morakwen.

( xiii)

Delagoa Bay, by Rev. H. Junod, 22nd January, 1891. In

all three the inner-marginal fore-wing patch and the hind-wing

patch are larger than in your fig. 1, but vary in size. All the

markings in all three are rather strongly tinged with dull

ochreous-yellow. Your fig. 1 is not coloured, but you give

some account of the colouring in the “ Explanation” and at

pp. 293-4, from which I gather that the tint of the fore-wing

(but not that of the hind-wing) markings is much deeper and

richer, and more like that shown by planemoides, than any one

of my three ? 9 exhibits. In my specimens ai/ the markings

are of about the same pale ‘buff’ tint, with only a slight

inclination to a rufous tinge.

‘‘T can quite imagine a tendency of planemoides to crop up

occasionally in the progeny of the 8S. African sub-species,

notwithstanding the remoteness of the equatorial model.

indeed, something of this kind is noticeable in Cape Colony,

where the /ippocoon form is occasionally met with as far as

P. cenea extends, although its model Amauris dominicanus

is wholly absent.”

An Kast African variety of the female dardanus, described

and figured by Aurivillius as mixtws (Arch. f. Zool. Bd. 3,

No. 23 (1907), T. 2, f. 2), presents many points of resemblance

- to leighi, but is intermediate between this form and the East

African planemoides described below. Mixtus differs from

leight and approaches the example of planemoides in the

greater development of the fulvous marking along the inner

margin of the fore-wing, in the greater length and size of

spot 5 (within the cell), and in the whiteness and the much

greater size of the hind-wing patch. Mixtus also apparently

differs in the far paler tint of the fulvous markings.

In such a protean species as dardanus I do not think it is

convenient to give separate names to all the single varieties

and transitional specimens, but in leighi we have a form that

is not only distinguishable but possessed of sufficient stability

to appear again and again over a very wide area. Furthermore,

it is the only planemoides-like form known in Natal.

PAPILIO DARDANUS, Brown, FEMALE FORM PLANEMOIDES,

TRIM., FROM THE Coast oF British East Arrica.—Prof.

Pou.ton also exhibited an example of the planemoides female

( xiii)

captured in August 1910, in forest country (less, and probably

much less, than 100 ft. elevation) between Jilore and Malindi.

Jilore is about 70 miles N. of Rabai and 19 W. of Malindi.

The specimen, which was kindly presented to the Hope

Department by the Rev. K. St. Aubyn Rogers, M.A., F.E.S.,

had been taken by a native collector. The pattern of the

fore-wing closely resembles that of the specimen collected by

Mr. A. Harrison at Nyangori about 1903, and represented on

Plate XX, fig. 3, of Trans. Ent. Soc. for 1906. It is there

described as intermediate “between planemoides and hippo-

coon.’ The exhibited specimen differs from the figure in

its approach to the pattern of leighi, the spot within the cell

(undivided) being widely separated from the subapical bar and

the latter only connected with the greatly enlarged principal

spot (1) by scattered fulvous scales between veins 3 and 4.

Below vein 3 the pattern almost precisely reproduces the appear-

ance represented in Fig. 3, above referred to, the hippocoon-

and trophonius-like extension of the pale pattern along the

inner margin towards the base of the wing being slightly more

evident in the coast specimen. The hind-wing is also hippo-

coon-like in the great size of the white patch, which is far

larger than in normal specimens of planemoides.

The occurrence of planemoides on the E. coast, so far from

its Planema models, is of high interest, as also is the fact that

this, the only specimen hitherto recorded from the area in

question, should not be a typical example but one exhibiting

several ancestral features.

The specimen may be compared with another very interest-

ing example, captured Sept. 22, 1901, in forest country

about ten miles inland from Mombasa, near Changamwe,

by Mr. C. A. Wiggins, F.E.S. While the pattern is almost

precisely as in the exhibited specimen, the colouring is that

of trophonius, or rather of its modification niobe, Auriv. ; for

the subapical bar of the fore-wing is fulvous like the other

markings. The specimen also lacks the scattered scales

connecting the bar with spot (1). The increasing lightness

of the markings towards the costa of the fore-wing, spoken

of on p. xxxix, is well marked. Except for this change the

fulvous colouring is of a uniform pale shade like that of the

all

y Sscliiye, 4)

trophonius (and niobe) of P. dardanus tibullus and dardanus

dardanus—a shade very different from the richer, deeper

fulvous of planemordes.

HEREDITY IN THE FemMaLe Forms or HyrouimNas MISIPPUS.

—Professor Pouiron exhibited a series of thirty-five females

of the type form, together with their female parent, of the

inaria form, captured Aug. 15, 1910, by Rev. K. St. Aubyn

Rogers, M.A., F.E.S., at Rabai, near Mombasa. The males

were liberated and the females emerged from the pupa on the

following dates :—

Sept. 15, 1910—sixteen, 4 with a slight, 2 with a rather

more pronounced white patch on the hind-wing ; Sept. 16—

nine, 1 with slight, 2 with more pronounced white patch ;

Sept. 17—eight, 5 with slight indication of the patch;

Sept. 18—two, 1 with slight indication of patch.

The female parent is a typical ¢naria, with no indication of

the white patch on its hind-wing. The female offspring were

all typical misippus.

This result compares in a most interesting manner with

those obtained on two other occasions. The first of these is

the family of fifty inaria females bred in 1908 by Mr. Rogers

from an intermediate female parent, also from Rabai (Proc.

Ent. Soc., 1909, pp. xxxvi, xxxvli). This latter parent was

‘intermediate between the type and the inaria form, but on

the whole nearer the former ... the whole of the female

offspring were inaria—not a single type form, not a single

intermediate.” The second is the family bred in 1904 by

Mr. G. F. Leigh, F.E.S., from an intermediate female captured

in the Durban district. Of the eight female offspring four

were typical misippus, three typical inaria, and one inter-

mediate (Trans. Ent. Soc., 1904, pp. 689, 690, Plate XX XII).

Thus there have been bred from inaria or intermediate

females, first, equality of inaria (including intermediate) and

misippus ; secondly, inaria alone; thirdly, mzsippus alone.

These results are consistent with the Mendelian relationship,

if we assume (1) that the intermediate female behaves in

heredity like ¢narva, (2) that misippus is dominant over inaria,

(3) tnat the first male parent was a heterozygote, the second

carried the tendency of inaria, the third that of misippus.

C, txlya }

EURALIA ANTHEDON, Dovust., anD E. puptA, BEAUV., PROVED

BY BREEDING TO BE THE FORMS OF A SINGLE SPECIES.—Prof.

Poutton exhibited a female parent of the dubia form captured

on March 19, 1911, at Oni, 70 miles E. of Lagos, by Mr.

W. A. Lamborn, together with a selection from the offspring

reared from its ova. The offspring included both dubia and

anthedon. Thus Mr. Lamborn had been able to verify the

suggestion made in Trans. Ent. Soc., 1902, p. 492: “If Mr.

Marshall’s conclusion [advanced, on pp. 491-2, that tlie

Eastern Euralias, wahlbergi, Wallgr., and mima, Trim., are

the forms of a single species] be established, it follows that

the corresponding and closely-allied mimetic West African

forms Luralia anthedon and EL. dubia, connected like wahlbergi

and mima by intermediate varieties, are similarly the di-

morphic forms of a single species.” Mr. Marshall’s conclusion

concerning the Eastern species was confirmed by the late

Mr. A. D. Millar in 1909 (Trans. Ent. Soc., 1910, p. 498),

and the further prediction about the Western species is

now, in 1911, verified by Mr. W. A. Lamborn. The Western

problem is, however, the more complicated and interesting

of the two; for Hwralia dubia is not a simple mimetic form

like mima, but is itself modified in the Oni district into three

subordinate forms, in mimicry of (1) Amauris egialea, Cram.,

with much yellow in the hind-wings, (2) the most strongly

white-marked of the local forms of Amauris psyttalea, Plotz,

(3) Amauris hecate, Butl., and the darkest forms of A. psyttalea

which closely resemble them. The hereditary influence of

the parent dubia upon its dubia offspring was clearly evident

in Mr. Lamborn’s families.

[It may be added that Mr. Lamborn has now bred families

from three dubia parents of various forms, and one from

an anthedon parent, all captured at Oni in March of the

present year. Both anthedon and dubia appeared in all the

families. The numbers of the offspring are very large, and

the two forms always bear a simple numerical relationship

to each other, such as we should expect to see in a Mendelian

pair. At the date of the meeting (June 7) only two of

these families, both from dubia parents, had arrived in this

country.—E. B. P., Aug. 7, 1911.]

C aii.)

Instances or Mimicry, Protective REsEMBLANCE, &C., FROM

THE Lagos District.—Mr. W. A. LamBorn, who was intro-

duced by Prof. Poutron, had intended to show at this meeting

the cases which he had exhibited at the Conversazione, but

owing to a misunderstanding, they had not arrived. He

made, however, the following observations :—

“ Prof. Poulton’s account of the mimicry of certain Danaine

butterflies by Euralias induces me to mention that I recently

took at one sweep of my net two butterflies, an Amauris

psyttalea, Plotz, and a Huralia dubia, which were flying round

and round each other in a manner suggestive of courtship.

Their movements on the wing were so active that I was

unable to recognise them before capture, and it seemed to me

evident that the one must have been deceived by the mimetic

resemblance to its own species exhibited by the other.

“In the exhibit which I had hoped to bring to your notice is

a West African Hypsid moth determined by Prof. Poulton as

Deilemera, probably antinori, Oberth., with the cocoon from

which it emerged. The cocoon bears a large number of creamy

white semi-transparent frothy spheres which bear a very

strong resemblance to the cocoons of Braconid parasites.

The cocoon was formed during the night by a larva in my

possession, and it bore these structures when I first saw it.

Their resemblance to the cocoons of the parasites was so

marked that I did not make a very careful examination, and

I did not discover their spuriousness till the moth came out.

Prof. Poulton has since pointed out that the structures are

very loosely heaped up on the cocoon, and that they are also

noticeable on the silky material in the immediate neighbourhood

of the cocoon, facts which tend to suggest still-more strongly

that the structures are Braconid cocoons. ‘They doubtless

have a protective function. A bird, for instance, would soon

learn that a cocoon bearing the Braconid cocoons does not

contain a pupa worth eating, and it is reasonable to suppose

that it would likewise pass by a cocoon bearing structures

which resemble them in such a remarkable way.

‘“‘T have obtained some light on the relationship between

the ‘brands’ or patches of peculiar scales on the wings of

male Danainae and the double tuft of hairs which can: be’

C xlva }

protruded from the posterior extremity of the body. In

January of this year I observed a male Amauris niavius, L.,

settle on the upper surface of a leaf with its wings expanded.

The insect flexed its abdomen, making the dorsal surface

convex, so that the extremity of the body was brought level

with the brands, and the tufts were then thrust out. By

alternately flexing and straightening out the abdomen the

tufts were passed to and fro over the surface of the brands

as though some secretion was being conveyed from the one

to the other. Prof. Poulton has suggested that the greasy

appearance of the brands may be probably interpreted on the

hypothesis that they serve to retain and distribute a scent

employed in courtship brought to them by the tufts.”

Dr. Lonestarr said that he was satisfied that in Huploea

and Danaida chrysippus the characteristic scent was not caused

by the tufts and brands, though these were very likely the

cause of another volatile scent which certainly existed in these

cases. Female Danaids have a scent as well as males; the

scent common to both being nauseous, while that peculiar to

the male is probably a help in courtship.

Prof. Pouuron remarked that the brands actually are greasy,

and not merely look so, and that they may for a time hold

the scent transferred to them by the tufts.

Dr. JorpDAN observed that the discovery in Natal of inter-

mediates between cenea and planemoides, which from previous

experience had been supposed not to exist, made it impossible

any longer to argue from their non-existence in favour of the

sudden, as opposed to the gradual, evolution of dimorphic

forms.

Paper.

Com. J. J. WaLKER read the following paper :—

“Some remarkable ant-friend Lepidoptera of Queensland.”

By F. P. Dopp, F.E.S8., with Supplement by E. Meyrick,

B.A... PRS.

(vant)

Wednesday, October 4th, 1911.

The Rey. F. D. Morice, President, in the Chair.

Election of Fellow.

Mr, C. B. WiiiiAms, of 20, Slatey Road, Birkenhead, was

elected a Fellow of the Society.

Votes of Condolence.

The decease was announced by the Prestpent of Dr. SAMUEL

H. Scupper, of Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A., one of the oldest of

the Honorary Fellows ; of Mr. A. H. Crarke; of Mr. ALBERT

Harrison, lately a member of the Council, and of Mr. G. H.

VERRALL, a former President of the Society.

The PRESIDENT, in a short speech, proposed a vote of con-

dolence with the relatives of Mr. VERRALL, which was seconded

by Prof. PouLton.

A vote of condolence with the relatives of the late Mr. ALBERT

Harrison was proposed by the Rev. G. WHEELER, and seconded

by Mr. W. J. Kaye; and a similar vote in the case of Dr.

ScupDER was proposed by Mr. Cuampion, and seconded by

Prof. Poutron, all the Fellows present signifying approval

by rising.

Exhibitions.

Ants FRoM Rannocu.—Mr. DonistHorePE exhibited speci-

mens (¢ ¢ and$%) of Formica pratensis, De G. (congerens,

Nyl.), taken at Rannoch in June, also $99 f /. sanguinea

captured in the same region, a new locality for it; and ? ? and

&% of anew race of Formica rufa, also from Rannoch. Mr.

Donisthorpe said that the nest of the last-named was a small

mound made of heather, etc., superficially like an easecta nest,

ou a moor away from woods. The habits of the ants were

different from those of rufa; the 2 9 have long golden hairs

on the scale and base of thorax and abdomen, and the scale

more emarginate in the § §.

Brack MELANARGIA GALATHEA.—Mr, BrrauNne-BAKER ex-

hibited a specimen of MWelanargia galathea, var. lugens, taken at

Vat odie}

Digne in July last. It is an entirely dark brown (almost black)

form, with no white markings, though the ordinary markings are

just traceable in a slightly lighter shade. He remarked that

a similar specimen was described and figured in the Bulletin

de la Société lépidoptérologique de Geneve (vol. i., plate 6).

Commander WALKER observed that a similar example had

also occurred in England at Chattenden Roughs, Kent, in

July 1872. This insect is figured in the “ Entomologist,”

vol. vi., p. 57 (1873), and is now in the collection of Mr.

A. B. Farn.

A RemMarRKABLE Oxytetus.—Mr. Norman H. Joy exhibited

a remarkable specimen of Oxytelus taken at Tresco, Scilly

Isles, April 1908. In many respects it is quite intermediate

in character between O. sculptus and O. laqueatus, Marsh.,

having the large eyes of the former, and the sculpture of the

neck and structure of the first joint of the antennae of the

latter. The penultimate joints of the antennae are, however,

different from either of these. It is probably a species new to

science, but may possibly be a hybrid of these two species.

SpeciEs oF Liopes.—Mr. Joy also showed Liodes stenocoryphe,

Joy, 3, taken by Mv. W. E. Sharp, at Forres, in 1910, as well

as its near allies for comparison, the aedoeagus being shown

in each case. He also exhibited Liodes picea, Ill, taken

by Mr. Tomlin and Mr. Joy at Dalwhinnie, Inverness-shire,

in September, when the larva was also found feeding on a

small underground fungus; L. dubia, King, and its various

varieties. ‘he extremes of these varieties are very distinct-

looking forms, yet if enough material is collected from various

localities no constant specific characters can be found, as so

many intermediate forms are met with. JL. algirica, Rye, is

almost certainly only another variety of this species.

PaRTHENOGENESIS IN Lastus NicER.—Mr. W. C. Craw iry

exhibited a mixed colony of Lasius wmbratus and L. niger.

This colony consists of a 9 LZ. wmbratus, which was accepted

in 1908 by a queenless colony of L. niger, During 1909 and

1910 only nzger 9 & came to maturity in the nest ; those, there-

fore, that hatched in 1910 must have been from parthenogenetic

eggs laid by the niger § 9. Over a dozen of these latter

were dissected, and found to contain no receptaculum seminis.

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., 111. 1911. D

(cal)

In 1911 the 3 & of wmbratus began to appear, and at present

the yellow and black ants are in about equal numbers, and

live together in complete amity.

Mr. DonisTHORPE commented on the interest of Mr. Crawley’s

experience, remarking that while it had formerly been supposed

that parthenogenetically laid ova produced only g g, Mr.

Crawley had shown, and proved by dissection, that 9 9 were

capable of parthenogenetically producing § 9.

The Prestpent observed that parthenogenesis was not

unusual in sawflies, and mentioned that in one species, Croesus

varus, Vill., which bad been founded on a ¢ specimen, the

original specimen was the only ¢ ever recorded, though the

2 wasa well-known insect, and had been reared through several

generations in captivity, no ¢ ever making its appearance.

Dr. M. Burr remarked that the common “ stick insect,”

Bacillus rossi, is largely parthenogenetic, and has been bred

parthenogenetically for more than twelve consecutive genera-

tions. Mr. C. O. Warernouse and others joined in the

discussion.

Meanic Lirnosia.—Mr. E. A. Cockayne exhibited a

melanic specimen of Lithosia deplana, g, taken in Surrey last

July.

SiciniAn Ruopatocera.—Mr. J. Prarr Barrer exhibited

some species of Sicilian butterflies taken this year, in contrast

with corresponding British species, which he described as

cases of “ painting the lily.” The species contrasted were

Buchloé cardamines and EL. damone, Gonepteryx rhamni and

G. cleopatra, Hipparchia semele and var. algirica. Small

southern forms were also exhibited of Z. cardamines and

Leptosia sinapis.

AxpinE Lycarntps.—Dr. Cuapman exhibited living larvae

of Albulina pheretes, and a living imago of Latiorina orbitulus,

and read the following notes :—

“In my. paper on Latiorina orbitulus, I suggested the

probability that <Albulina (Lycaena) pheretes had a larva

without a honey gland, and that on this ground it was possibly

related to L. orbitulus (Trans. 1911, p. 153). I have, during

the past summer, succeeded in testing the truth of this

hypothesis, by obtaining the hitherto unknown of larva of

ce)

A. pheretes. In the result it appears that the hypothesis was

incorrect. The larva of A. pheretes possesses a honey gland

and fans.

“To the warm weather during August and September it is

probably owing that three of my larvae have reached the

last instar, a result not often, I suspect, occurring in this

species, a distinct effort to produce a second or autumnal

brood ; I am therefore able to exhibit the larva in the 3rd,

4th, and 5th (or last) instars. I hope to give a fuller account

of the early stages in the near future. I may remark that ZL.

orbitulus also afforded ‘forward’ larvae this season, and I

exhibit a living butterfly of this autumnal emergence which

left the pupa on October 2nd ; but Vacciniina optilete, without

exception, stopped at the 3rd or hibernating instar.”

In reply to a question whether he had seen ants in company

with the larva of A. pheretes, Dr. Chapman replied that the

larvae were bred from ova, so that he had not seen them in a

wild state, but added that ants were abundant in the locality

from which the ova came.

Two TortTRIcIDAE NEW TO Scrence.—Mr. J. H. Durrant

exhibited two new British species of Rhyacionia Hb. (= Retinia

Gn. ; Hvetria Hb. Meyr.)

Rhyacionia purdeyi, sp. n., taken among Scotch firs at Folke-

stone at the end of July 1911, by Mr. W.Purdey, a very distinct

species intermediate between sylvestrana Crt. and duplana Hb.,

easily distinguishable from the former by the ferruginous apex

of the fore-wings and the slightly different direction of the

fasciae, and from the latter by its more regular and distinct

striation, as also by its brighter ferruginous coloration,

which occupies a greater proportion of the wing-sur!ace,

especially towards the dorsum.

Rhyacionia logaea, sp. u., from Forres, Scotland (W. Salvage

and H. McArthur), closely allied to duplana Hb. and posticana

Ztst., but the much longer ciliations in the antennae of the ¢

will at once separate /ogaea from these species. . posticana

is a broader-winged insect than duplana and logaea, and the

hind-wings are distinctly darker and less pointed. The type ¢

of this new species is the specimen figured as duplana by

Barrett (British Lepidoptera, XI., pl. 476, fig. 2); the ? is

D 2

de Siar? 9)

similar but smaller than the g, and somewhat more distinctly

marked, it is, however, hardly so clearly and neatly fasciate

as is the 2 of duplana Hb., moreover the direction of the

fasciae is not precisely similar, and the dark scaling along the

tornus of the fore-wings is a good distinguishing character

in logaea. Specimens doing duty as duplana and posticana in

British collections should be carefully examined—these will

probably be found to be mostly loyaea. At present Mr.

Durrant said he had only seen two specimens of dupluna.

These were purchased from Meek by Lord Walsingham, as

British, in 1868, and it would certainly be satisfactory to

examine others with a better record. These two specimens of

duplana, Hb., ¢ and 9, as also both sexes of posticana, were

exhibited for comparison.

CoLiaps FROM BerksHIRE.—Mr.J. H. Durrant also exhibited

eighteen specimens of Colias taken by himself in a field of lucerne

at Barcote, near Faringdon, Berks, from September 4-10, 1892.

These comprised both /yale (2) and edusa (14) and two aber-

rations of the latter, one of a very light orange colour (ab.

helicina) and the other a fine ab. delice. All the specimens of

C’. edusa were of a yellowish-orange tint.

SyMPetRuM ronscotompu.—Mr. W. J. Lucas exhibited

specimens of Sympetrum fonscolombii, and read the following

note :—

‘“On August 4 last, ata pond in the south of the New

Forest, I saw some dragonflies of the genus Sympetrum, very

much more brilliant than the common S. striolatum. After

some time I managed to capture one, and found it to be a

male of S. fonscolombii, a species very seldom taken in Britain,

and quite new to the Forest. It isa restless insect, which settles

very frequently, but, nevertheless, is very difficult to capture.

I visited the pond again on August 7, 8, 25 and 29, and as a

consequence of the five visits obtained a short series, all but

one being males. SS. fonscolombii is usually considered to be

a casual visitor only to our shores; but one or two things in

this case seem rather to throw doubt on this supposition.

For one thing the date is a late one, then the insects on my

first visit to the pond were very fresh; again, one was a

female, which looked even fresher than the males; further,

(im )

females seem seldom to join migratory swarms. Previous

captures of the insect in Britain are: (1) One 2? in Stephens’

Cabinet in the British Museum, szpposed to have been taken

near London. (2) A ¢ taken in 1881 at Deal, now, I believe,

in the Dover Museum. (3) Seventeen males taken by Mr. C. A.

Briggs at Ockham Common, Surrey, in June 1892. (4) A?

taken in Cornwall, by Mr. Boyd, in June 1903. (5) Two males

taken June 24, 1908, by Mr. E. R. Speyer, near Shenley,

Ilerts, and one 2 captured by him at Aldenham Reservoir,

on July 29 of that year.”

SEPARATION OF THE SEXES IN HyPoLiMNas MISIPPUS.—

Dr. F. A. Drxry read a letter received by him from Mr,

E. A. Acar, of Dominica, West Indies, on the subject of

the Separation of the Sexes of Hypolimnas misippus, in which

the writer remarked that in that island, although haunting

similar localities, the 9 remains on the coast while the ¢ is

to be met with some distance inland. The former is scarcely

ever to be seen in conrpany with the d¢ of its own species,

though it flies with Danaida plexippus, of which it is a mimic.

Mr. Agar suggested that it looked as if ‘both sexes were

aware that if they flew in close association it would give

the show away,” which implies intelligence of too high an

order.

Dr, Dixty remarked that it was a common experience that

one sex of a butterfly at any given time was more in evidence

than the other. Of course, in such cases it was certain

that the other sex must be somewhere. Mr. Millar, of

Durban, had drawn his attention to the fact that, speaking

generally, the males were more apt to be on the wing during

the morning, and the females in the later hours of the day.

Mr. A. R. Wallace mentions that the males and females of

certain South American Pierines, of which the males are

practically ordinary white butterflies and the females are

Ithomiine mimics, have different habits and do not fly together.

The females accompany their models in flight, which suggests

the significance of the habit. The fact that some means of

protection required the adoption of a corresponding habit to

make them effective, of course did not carry with it any

assumption of consciousness on the part of the insect of the

—

( iw )

significance of its behaviour. The habit was of the nature

of a reaction or response, which, like other adaptations, had

grown up under the influence of natural selection.

Dr. Lonestarr observed that in North Africa certain species

of Teracolus gave abundance of ¢ ¢ in the morning, whilst in

the afternoon the 9 9 predominated greatly.

Commander Waker, Mr. G. A. K. MarsHaui and Pro’.

Poutton also took part in the discussion.

THE Cocoon OF DEILEMERA ANTINORII, OBERTH.—Prof.

Poutton exhibited the cocoon of the Hypsid moth Deilemera

antinori, Oberth., which Mr. W. A. Lamporn described (see

p. xlvi), and had intended to exhibit on June 7 last. He

stated that Mr. Lamborn had written on September 4, since

his return to the Lagos district: ‘The larva passes the cocoon-

like bodies through the anus, as you surmised.” A little

later, on September 10, Mr. Lamborn had written: ‘“ I cannot

add more precise information as to the way in which the

cocoons are formed, for the larvae which have hitherto spun

up, did so at atime when I could not conveniently observe

them. I saw, however, a few more of the Braconid-cocoon-

like bodies passed per anum at the end of the cocoon opposite

that at which the larva was spinning, and when several had

accumulated the larva turned round and distributed them.”

ALL-FEMALE BaTcHES OF ACRAEA ENCEDON, L., BRED IN

THE Lacos Disrrict.—Prof. Pouiron also exhibited examples

from three of the all-female broods obtained by Mr. W. A.

Lamborn, viz. from Companies 2 and 3 and from Family |

in the table printed below. These three sets were chosen

because they prove that the unisexual batches are not neces-

sarily associated with either of the forms of encedon in the

locality. Thus Family 1 was all /ycia, Company 3 all encedon,

while Company 2 was as nearly as possible half and half

(23 to 24). The table clearly shows, in a condensed form, all

the results hitherto obtained in this species by Mr. Lamborn.

Out of the three families, one was all-female ; out of the seven

companies, three. Furthermore, the results obtained from

the two sets of wild larvae strongly suggest that both were,

in chief part, composed of the scattered individuals of an all-

female batch, intermixed, in the June-July series, with an

(ae)

earlier bisexual brood, in the December series with a later

one.

Encedon|| Lycia

1910 ———__ ]—__— History

aes 19

Company 1 46 “32° ; From bateh of eggs on single leaf

<a aie hea 24 | “93° a i b

a 3 35 | = 5 is

ae ee 6/2 || 4] 1 a“ ie

A 5 6 | 16 A F ¥ :

Age: | Sl auld = -

cece if 2/1 7/6 lis - a

Family 1 48 From ¢ and @ lycia captured in cop. r

spo is ane ‘19 | 13° : From 3} and 2 lycia of Company Le ar

hay 3 bt | 6 | 13 | Froma captured 9 Bireda oe .

Wild Larvae wad 8 | 5 | 26 | Emerged June 26-July 13, 1910. Only females

appeared after July 7: 3 encedon and 24 lycia

(sek tescia 17 | 3 | 18 | Emerged December 10-24, 1910. The 3 males

appeared with 2 9 lycia, December 23—4

It is to be noted that the three all-female companies were

bred from eggs laid normally in the wild state, and the con-

clusion is inevitable that a large proportion of such companies

is the normal occurrence. On the other hand, the figures

suggest that all-male companies are not normally produced.

Males, however, were more numerous than females in all the

bisexual batches except Company 6 and Family 3; and the

males often emerged earlier than the females. The common

occurrence of the unisexual companies obviously promotes

interbreeding, and the advantages of interbreeding, acting as

selective criteria, may have increased the tendency to produce

nothing but females as scon as it appeared.

These results have been submitted to Mr. L. Doneaster,

who agrees with Prof. Poulton in thinking it probable that the

lycia form, although far commoner in the district, is recessive.

Mr. Doneaster wrote, September 26: ‘‘ On the data available I

am inclined to think encedon is dominant. ‘The Family 2 from

parents ex Company 4 is hardly explicable on any other view,

and, as you say, the existence of several pure /yciw broods

( lvi_ )

suggests it strongly. The arguments for the dominance of

lycia appear to be the brood from Company 7 (but out of a total

of sixteen it is not very unusual to get such departures

from the expected 1 : 1 ratio), and the fact that lycia is the

common form in the locality. This, however, is not of great

weight.”

Mr. Doncaster has suggested, and Prof. Poulton has for-

warded to Mr. Lamborn the lines of future experiments, which

it is hoped will throw more light on the Mendelian relation-

ships, and, above all, on the unisexual broods of this

interesting Acraea.

THE Proor BY BREEDING THAT ACRAEA AURIVILLII, STAUD.,

Is THE FEMALE oF A. ALCIOPE, HrEw.—Prof. Poutron ex-

hibited a series of eight A. alciope and five A. aurivillii bred

in the present year by Dr. G. D. H. Carpenter from thirteen

small larvae found on a single leaf of the food-plant on

Damba Island, in the Victoria Nyanza to the east of Entebbe.

The result entirely confirmed the conclusions of Mr. Eltring-

ham and Dr. Jordan, as published in the Proceedings for

November 17, 1909 (pp. Ixvii-lxix).

Deprepations BY Minute Ants.—-The Rev. G. WHEELER

exhibited some living %% of a small ant, identified by

Mr. DontstHorPe as Monomorium pharaonis, imported from

Madeira, and now settled in England, together with several

butterflies whose bodies and heads had been devoured by

them while in the setting box. Mr. WHEELER observed that

these insects had all been killed in the cyanide bottle, whilst

others in the same setting box which had been injected with

oxalic acid were left untouched. Mr. R. W. Liroyp remarked

that there were two other small species of foreign ants which

had also domiciled themselves in houses in England. Several

Fellows joined in the discussion, Mr. C. J. Gawan observing

that these ants were reported to be very destructive to the

common bug, and were rather to be encouraged, whilst Com-

mander WaLker said that he had found them very destructive

to his entomological specimens on board ship, but that on the

only oceasion when he had known of their occurrence in

company with bed-bugs, the two had lived together in perfect

amity. The Rey. G. WuEELER replied that when they infest

the larder there are obvious drawbacks to encouraging these

ants, but that he had almost entirely got rid of them by

painting all corners formed by walls, floor, ceiling or shelves

with paraffin. Mr. DonisrHorrE feared that the relief would

be only temporary, since the 9? ? generally live in the

foundations.

Insects SEEKING HicH GrounD.—The PresIpDEnT said that

about the beginning of July this year, he had noticed, while

collecting near El Guerrah, the junction for Constantine,

Biskra and Alger, both sexes of the yellow and black Leucospis

gigas, and of another red and black Leucospis, flying in great

numbers, with a loud humming noise, round a cairn of stones

on the top of a hill, and suggested that the common instinct

to seek high places might provide a meeting-ground for the

sexes. He had been surprised to find these insects together

in such numbers, as, being parasitic on different species, they

would be likely to be separated.

Prof. Poutton referred to his communication ‘A possible

explanation of insect swarms on mountain tops” (Proc. Ent.

Soc. 1904, p. xxiv.), and suggested that the instinct referred

to by the President would probably be especially useful in the

case of parasitic insects whose hosts might naturally be separ-

ated, as some means of providing a meeting-place would be

particularly necessary.

Papers.

Commander WALKER read the following papers :-—

(1) Report on a collection of Bombyliinae (Diptera) from

Central Africa, with descriptions of new species, by Prof.

Mario Bezzi, Turin, Italy (communicated by G. A. K.

Marsnatt, F.E.S.).

(2) An enumeration of the Rhynchota collected during the

Expedition of the British Ornithologists’ Union to Central

Dutch New Guinea. By W. L. Distant.

(3) Oestridae Cavicolae, by Ivan E. Mippreton, F.E.S., of

Serampore, India. The last is given in extenso.

“Tt is with a view to furthering investigation that I propose

to devote a paper to this very interesting group of flies.

( lviii_)

“They consist of six genera, each containing one or more

known species, viz.—

1. The genus Cephalomyia, Macquart.

Dee if Oestrus, Linné.

3. ‘5 Rhinoestrus, Brauer.

4, 53 Pharyngobolus, Brauer.

5. 5 Pharyngomyia, Schiner.

6. < Cephenomyia, Latreille.

“Tt may be instructive to deal briefly with the genera as

classed above, mentioning the order of animals they utilise as

hosts for their young, viz.: The Cephalomyia—1 species—is

common to the Bos bubalus and Camelidae; the Oestrus—

8 species—to the Cavicornia ; the Rhinoestrus—2 species—to

the Equus caballus and Hippopotamidae ; the Pharyngobolus—

1 species—to the Proboscideu ; the Pharyngomyia—|1 species—

to the Cervidae; and the Cephenomyia—T species—to the

Cervidae.

“The flies belonging to the sub-family in which I am interested

do not cause injury by biting animals, but cause great dis-

comfort by depositing their eggs on the inner surface of the

nostrils, from whence the larvae, in the case of the first three

genera, find their way into the maxillary and frontal sinuses ;

in the fourth and fifth, into the pharynx; and the sixth, into

the sub-lingual cavities ; while it is interesting to note that

the female flies invariably select male animals as the medium

for the propagation of their kind. This process generally takes

place in the spring, and it is not till the following winter that

the fully developed larvae are ejected by the animals that

harboured them. The larvae then creep away into holes and

crevices, where they shrink and pupate; from whence the

imago emerges to carry on again the cycle thus completed.

“‘T shall refrain from giving a detailed description of each

genus as there is no dearth of literature on the subject, but

pass on to a less well-known use to which the larvae are put.

When travelling through Rajputana in the year 1903, my

attention was drawn to a small trade carried on between the

hakims (native physicians) and the camel-drivers, with the

larvae from their animals. Inquiries led to the discovery

: (© shies.)

that the larvae were used by the Aakims as a specific for

epilepsy. This mode of treatment was not unknown to the

ancients. It was mentioned from the tripod of Delphi that

the larvae from the heads of goats were prescribed as a remedy

for this disease ; and on the authority of Alexander Trallien

we are informed that Democrates consulted the oracle. This

cure has been tried by me in several instances with fairly

good results, and I believe that were it taken up and further

experimented with, it would prove an inestimable boon to

many sufferers from this terrible ailment.”

Wednesday, October 18th, 1911.

The Rev. F. D. Moricr, President, in the Chair.

Election of Fellows.

The following gentlemen were elected Fellows of the

Society :—Mr. Sipney Howarp Corton, 1a, Chesterfield Street,

Mayfair ; Captain J. J. Jacops, R.E., 2, Southport Street,

Gibraltar ; Mr. Kunur Kuunay, M.A., Assistant Entomologist

to the Government of Mysore, Bangalore, South India; Dr.

Ivan Cruarkson Macrean, M.D., B.Sc., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.,

28, Hill Street, Knightsbridge, 8.W.; Mr. Frank Taytor,

The Technological Museum, Sydney, New South Wales.

Dates of Society's Publications.

The Secretary made an appeal to the Fellows for any MS.

notes which they might possess throwing any light upon the

exact dates of issue of the earlier Transactions and Proceed-

ings, especially from 1840 to 1850,and 1868 to 1878 inclusive.

The dates most urgently needed are those of the Proceedings

from 1840 to 1846 inclusive.

Exhibitions.

Papitio (TACHYRIS) MELANIA, Fabr.—Dr. F. A. Drxey ex-

hibited a pair of each of the following species—Tachyris

melania, Fabr., 7’. celestina and Catophaga ega, Boisd., and

remarked upon them as follows :—

all

(oat )

“ Papilio melania was described by Fabricius in 1775, and

figured by Donovan (Ins. N. Holl., 1805), Much doubt has

prevailed as to the identification of Fabricius’s species.

Boisduval’s P. melania, according to A. R. Wallace, is the

female of Catophaga ega, Boisd. Wallace himself said, in

1867, ‘The Papilio melania of Fabricius has not yet been

properly identified, and probably never will be.’ He was no

doubt unaware that Fabricius’s type was preserved in the

Banksian Cabinet, where it may still be seen.

“Tn 1884, Miskin applied the name 7’. melania to the female

of Tachyris celestina, Boisd. Until quite recently the British

Museum possessed no specimens of Fabricius’s insect, except the

type (which was not included in the general Collection). The

specimens that appeared in the Collection as C. melania were

Pieris (Catophaga) zoe of Vollenhoven, the Batchian form of C.

jacquinotti, Luc. Meanwhile, the true P. melania of Fabricius

had been re-described by Miskin in 1888 as Tachyris asteria.

“Mr. G. A. Waterhouse has now sent home specimens which

are undoubtedly of the species described by Fabricius and

represented by Donovan. It is said by Mr. Waterhouse to

be rare and no doubt very local. Four of these specimens

are in the British Museum, and a pair, male and female,

here exhibited, have been presented to the Hope Department.

These were captured at Kuranda, near Cairns, in North

Queensland. Fabricius’s type is in bad condition, but there

can be no possible doubt that Mr. Waterhouse’s specimens

have been correctly identified.

“ Now that the true melania has at last come to light it is

seen to be not a Catophaga allied to ega or paulina, but a

Tachyris belonging to the group which contains 7’. celestina

and 7’. nero. It is a peculiarly handsome and distinctively

marked butterfly ; and it is probable that only its presumable

rarity, and the battered condition of the type specimen, have

permitted the erroneous identifications which have been cur-

rent for so many years.”

Larva oF COLIAS NASTES, VAR. WERDANDI.—Mr. W. G.

SHELDON exhibited a living larva of Colias nastes, var. werdandt,

which he had bred from an ovum deposited by a 9 captured

at Abisko in Swedish Lapland; the natural food-plant is

(ike)

Astragalus alpinus, L., but in captivity the larva fed upon

white clover.

SoutHerN Nevuroprera.—Mr. W. J. Lucas exhibited two

specimens of WNemoptera bipennis, Illig. (lusitanica, Leach),

taken by Mr. A. H. Jones: one in the Cork woods at Almorima,

Spain, on May 5th, 1911, and the other at Linea, Gibraltar,

on the 28th. Also a specimen of Lertha barbara, Klug, taken

by Mr. H. Powell at Aflou, Oran, Algeria, on June 30th,

1911, and given to him by Dr. Chapman.

Mr. E. DuxtyrieLp-Jonges observed that the former species

was a day-flier, and that the long, narrow hind-wings were not

employed for flight but merely trailed behind the insect.

Dr. CHapMAN said that his experience at Bejar, where the

insect was common, was that it only flew towards dusk and

until it got too dark to see it.

Srrex nocritio.—Mr. W. J. Lucas also exhibited a large

specimen of Sivex noctilio, taken by himself at Leith Hill,

Surrey, walking on the road, on September 8th, 1911.

A CoLEorTERON NEW TO Britain.—Mr. H. Sr. J. Donis-

THORPE exhibited a species of Coleoptera new to Britain, Lesteva

luctuosa, Fauvel, which he had taken in moss in a water-

fall on the high ground in the Isle of Eigg, near Mull, on

September 17th, 1911.

Brep Erastria vENUstTULA.—Mr. H. M. EpEtsten showed

some bred specimens of Hrastria venustula; the larvae had fed

readily on flowers of Potentilla tormentilla, and on garden

forms of Potentilla, strawberry, and bramble blossoms, and

later on lettuce leaves, which they seemed to prefer. They

pupated below the surface of the ground in a strong cocoon.

A Mate “ Stick-1nsecr.’—Mr. K. G. Buarr exhibited a ¢

and two 99 of a “stick-insect” (?Lonchodes sp.), which is

usually parthenogenetic, the ¢ being excessively rare, and

which he had bred for several generations without any

specimen of this sex appearing.

Mr. C. O. Wateruouss said he had bred three generations

of this Phasmid and had had many hundreds of specimens,

and he congratulated Mr. Blair on having the only male he

had ever seen or heard of. He mentioned that of the speci-

mens he had bred, one deposited between January 18th and

(‘sce 3)

July 28th, 1910, 467 eggs, after which it died. He found

that as a rule the eggs hatched in about five months after

being laid, but a few were hatched sooner. The females

generally began ovipositing when they were five or six months

old.

Deias From New Guinea Movuntains.—Dr. K. Jorpan

exhibited 46 forms of Delias from the mountains of New

Guinea. The first of these peculiar mountain species were

discovered late in the nineties in the Owen Stanley Range,

British New Guinea, by a German, E. Weiske, and described

by C. Ribbe in 1900, with the exception of D. albertisi and

D, discus, which had already been known for some time.

Since then A. S. Meek and lately also Messrs. Pratt have

considerably added to the number. Whereas in other districts

of the Oriental Region at the most seven or eight species

generally four to six) may be found in any locality, a sur-

prising number are met with in the mountains of New Guinea

from 3,000 or 4,000 ft. upwards. In suitable localities of

the Owen Stanley Range no less than 24 species have been

obtained, of which 18 are confined to the higher altitudes.

These mountain Delias are known from three ranges—the

Owen Stanley Mountains in British territory, the Snow

Mountains in Southern Dutch New Guinea, and the Arfak

Mountains in the north-west of the island—and we have also

two species from a high altitude on the German-British

boundary. It is most interesting to find (1) that each moun-

tain range has its own forms, the geographical differences

often being surprisingly great and undoubtedly of specific

value; (2) that most of these forms represent each other,

although they may be specifically distinct, and (3) that several

species are known only from one or two ranges.

The exploration of these mountains being very incomplete,

we may expect that representatives of most of the species as

yet only known from one or two places will be obtained in

the other mountains as well. <A similar assemblage of Delias

undoubtedly also exists in those high chains of the island

which the collector has not yet touched.

Braziuian Spuinetps.—The Rev. A. Mites Moss exhibited

the following Sphingids from Para, which had been identified

( Isiii )

by Dr. Jorpan. Amphimoea walkeri, Isognathus excelsior,

Grammodia caicus, with pupa spun up in a leaf, Hemeroplanes

inuus, Epistor gorgon, g and 9, Pholus phorbas, Xylophanes

nechus, with chrysalis, and Y. cosmius, 9, the first known

specimen of this sex, as well as a larva, probably of some

species of Hemeroplanes.

New Entomological Post at Cambridge.

The Presipent mentioned that the University of Cam-

bridge had decided to appoint a Demonstrator in Medical

Entomology.

Wednesday, November ist, 1911.

The Rev. F. D. Moricz, M.A., President, in the Chair.

Election of Honorary Fellows.

The PrestpENT announced that the Council proposed Fr.

Eric Wasmann, of Valkenburg, Holland, as Honorary Fellow

in the place of the late Herr P. C. T. Syutien, of Rotterdam,

and Prof. J. H. Comstock, of Cornell University, U.8.A., for the

vacancy caused by the death of Dr. 8. H. Scupper, of Cam-

bridge, Massachusetts, both of whom were then elected.

Election of Fellows.

The following gentlemen were elected Fellows of the Society :—

Messrs. T. J. ANDERSON, Teaninich, Craig Millar, Midlothian ;

Epwarp Bernarp Asupy, 33, Park Road, Whitton, Middle-

sex; W. A. Lampourn, M.R.CS., L.R.C.P., Omi Camp, Lagos,

W. Africa; J. Jackson Mounszy, 24, Glencairn Crescent,

Edinburgh.

Lehibitions.

A Scarce CoLzopreron.—Dr. NicHorson showed a specimen

of Aleochura discipennis, Muls. and Rey, taken in the early

part of this year from moss in a small wood at Alphington,

Devon. As there were several other carrion beetles with it,

it is very likely that a dead animal rested on this spot last

year. This species was introduced in 1907 by Mr. Champion

( -Ixiv) 7)

on the authority of specimens captured by the late Dr, Capron,

and by Commander Walker in the Chatham district, and it has

been recently taken by Dr. Sharp in the New Forest. It

appears to be rare on the Continent.

TERATOLOGICAL Specimens.—Mr. J. R. Le B. Tomiiy ex-

hibited a teratological specimen of the rare beetle 7'riarthron

maerkeli, swept in the Wellington College district, Berks, this

summer. It has the last two joints of left antenna completely

soldered together, making a two-jointed instead of a three-

jointed club. Also a specimen of Longitarsus melanocephalus (?)

taken by Mr. J. Collins at Oxford, with legs and tarsi

remarkably thickened.

Nortaern Nevroptera.—Mr. W. J. Lucas exhibited five

specimens, three ¢ ¢ and two? 2? of Panorpa germanica, taken

by Col. Yerbury, four at Dingwall in May, and one at Lock-

inver in July. One ¢ is practically immaculate, and the

other two nearly so; the 9 from Dingwall is sparsely spotted,

while the one from Lockinver is more nearly normal. Five

normal specimens from Surrey and Hants were shown for

comparison.

A TrRavetLeD Insect.—Mr. C. J. GAnan exhibited a living

specimen of Aspidomorpha silacea, Boh., an African species

of Cassididae, which had been sent by Mr. G. St. John Mild-

may from Nyali in British East Africa on October 7th,

1eaching London on October 28th.

POLYCTENIDAE VivipaARous.—Dr. K. Jorpan, who has lately

been engaged on an examination of the specimens of Poly-

ctenidae contained in the collection of the British Museum,

announced that these insects, which are parasitic on bats in

the tropics, are viviparous like the parasitic Orthopteron

Hemimerus. The young are born at a very advanced stage,

but yet differ considerably from the adult. Two of the forms

(spasmae and tulpa) described as distinct species, and lately

placed in two different genera, are immature and adult

examples of the same species.

Dr. CuapMAN remarked upon certain supposed instances of

viviparous butterflies, saying that the idea originated in a

mistake, the eggs having been ready to be laid at the time

of the parents’ death.

( Hxx )

Rare British aND Importep CoLeoprera.—Mr. Harwoop

exhibited two specimens of Micrurula melanocephala taken

near Bishop’s Stortford by sweeping in the evening, which

he believed to be var. brunnea, Heer. Also two specimens of

Ocypus cyaneus taken by Mr. W. H. Harwood at Colchester,

one in May and the other in June of this year, the first

specimens taken in the district for nineteen years. Also a

species of Coccinella taken in a case of Tasmanian apples at

Colchester.

SounpD MADE By A Lonaicorn Larva.—Dr. K. Jorpan asked

for information with regard to the following experience :

When out late one night in the Bihar Mts. in Hungary,

he heard, at short intervals, a subdued sound, decidedly more

like chirping than knocking, which he attributed to some

small species of Orthoptera. He located it to a telegraph-

pole about fifteen yards away ; but on examining the pole the

sound proved to issue from underneath the bark, and here a

fairly large larva (smaller than a full-grown larva of Rhagium

inquisitor) of a Lepturid Longicorn beetle was found, which

retreated so hastily into its hole that it could not be secured.

Is it known of any Longicorn larva that it produces an

imitation grasshopper-song 4

Arrican Species oF AcrRaEA.—Mr. H. EtrrincHAm ex-

hibited specimens of African Acraeas, to show that wide

differences of colour and pattern may occur in a single species,

and conversely, that certain species which can scarcely be

distinguished by their outward appearance are nevertheless

very distinct, as shown by the structure of the male armature.

Thus A. astrigera, Butl., from E. Africa merges gradually

into the same author’s A. pseudolycia, through an inter-

mediate form named f. brunnea. A. astrigera is a brilliant

orange-and-scarlet form, whilst pseudolycia is black-and-white.

In the same way A. humilis, Sharpe, was found to be speci-

fically identical with A. orestia, Hew. The exhibitor remarked

that he had been pleased to learn only that morning that

his conclusions in regard to the latter species had just been

confirmed by breeding, details of which he hoped to be able

to publish on a future occasion. Mr. Eltringham further

showed examples of A. chambezi, Neave, and A. mansya, Eltr.

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., 111. 1911. E

(_ xvi ))

These species could only be distinguished at sight by a

difference in the position of one of the hind-wing spots, but

the male armature showed differences of structure which were

as great as those distinguishing any other species of African

Acraea.

Several new species and forms were also shown, including

A. lofua, Eltr., ¢ and 9, A. grosvenori, Eltr., ¢, A. aureola,

Eltr., ¢, A. ella, Hltr., ¢, A. cinerea subsp., alberta, Eltr.,

d, A. periphanes f. acritoides, Eltr., ¢, and A. astrigera

f. brunnea, Eltr., g and ¢.

Dr. JorpaN remarked on the extreme variability of the

genus and its allies, geographically, individually, and even in

the characters of the genitalia.

Mr. Breruune-Baker remarked on the unreliability of the

genitalia in certain Licaenidae.

The PresipENt stated that the ¢ genitalia were, as a rule,

reliable in the Aculeata, but in the Venthredinidae the ¢

genitalia were quite useless for specific determination, though

the ? 2 afford excellent characters.

The Hon. Wattrer Rotuscuitp remarked on the identity

of the ¢ genitalia in certain distinct species of J/acroglossinae.

Papers.

Com. WALKER read the following paper on “The Effect of

‘Temperature on Animal (especially Insect) Life,” by A. G.

Butuer, Ph.D., F.L.S. :—

‘* Lieut.-Colonel N. Manders’ paper on ‘ A Factor in the Pro-

duction of Mutual Resemblance in Allied Species of Butterflies’

(Trans. Ent. Soc. 1911, part ii, pp. 417-425) is of especial

interest to me, inasmuch as it supports the facts already

proved with regard to the effect of a superhumid warm tem-

perature in intensifying and deepening the colouring in both

insects and birds.

“Tt is now well known that the wet-season forms of butter-

flies inhabiting tropical climates are as a rule more boldly

marked, with more vivid and deeper colouring, than those

which emerge in the dry season. It is also a fact that when

a brown ground-colour deepens until it approaches black it is

liable to be glossed with purple or blue: we see this not only

( Ixvii )

in many insects, but also in many birds, the genera Merula

and Corvus being examples.

“Prof, C. William Beebe, Curator of Birds in the New York

Zoological Society, published a most valuable paper in 1907

entitled ‘Geographic Variation in Birds, with especial reference

to the effects of humidity,’ in which he gave a full account

of most instructive experiments carried out by him in the case

of three species of American birds, a superhumid atmosphere

having greatly increased the amount of black in the plumage

in quite a short time.

“In the same article Prof. Beebe refers to a paper by Mr.

Seth-Smith in the ‘Avicultural Magazine,’ in which an attempt

was made to show that Munia castaneithorax (one of the small

Australian weaving-finches) was only a moist climatic phase

of M. flaviprymna, which inhabits a much drier region ; he

also reproduces the excellent plate which accompanied Mr.

Seth-Smith’s paper, and which shows a complete series of

intergrades between the two supposed species, several of which

had come into existence after the importation of I. flaviprymna

to this country.

“ Mr. Seth-Smith believed that our moist climate had immedi-

ately produced reversion to the chestnut-breasted type, a

possibility quite conceivable if the birds were imported early

in a wet summer, but I think not otherwise; for in 1907 I

turned a pair into an outdoor aviary with very little cover,

and one of these lived there throughout the moist winter of

1907-8 without acquiring the slightest change of colouring ;

so that heat, as well as humidity, seems to be a necessary

factor.

“Without question a great deal too much has been made of

protective assimilation ; I believe myself that many creatures

of related genera simply resemble one another because there

has been no object in differentiating their colouring; their

structure has been slowly modified, but the pattern and

colours being more or less protective have been retained and

even their tendency to vary has retained its impetus towards

a fixed gradation in one direction ; so that in the /thomiinae

we have a series of genera, all equally protected, the species

in which are often remarkably alike. A similar case occurs

E 2

( lxviii )

in the two S. American starlings, Leistes superciliaris and

Trupialis defilippii, which closely resemble each other in

pattern, colouring, and even in many of their habits, both

being ground-birds nesting in marshy land, both taking a

short flight in the air to utter their execrable songs, and both

stooping to conceal their crimson breasts at the approach of

danger.

‘‘ Again, many supposed mimetic forms are known not to

occur together ; in some cases the one is a mountain form, the

other confined to the plains (a case of this kind was com-

mented upon some years since at a meeting of our Society,

when a Lycaenid with an orange patch in the front wings was

supposed to be a copy of a Teracolus*); in others the distribu-

tion of the supposed mimetic forms is entirely different.

“Tt has been asserted that Nature does not, like History,

repeat itself; but this is a great mistake, for I have not

infrequently been struck by resemblances between butterflies

and moths inhabiting different countries ; as an instance, the

little Agaristid moth Ophthalmis lincea and its near allies are

remarkably like some of the species of the New World butterfly

genus Lymnas.

“Ts it absurd to suppose that variation tends to run in

accordance with fixed laws and in one direction when not

interfered with by change of temperature? I think not, for

we note similar variations running through large groups of

species: in the Argynnides, for instance, the black markings

on the upper surface and the silver markings on the under

surface run together into large patches. And if this is the

case with species of the same genus, why not in genera of the

same family ?

‘Seasons undoubtedly affect whole subfamilies of butterflies

in a similar manner, and this seems to me to indicate that the

variation in related forms is to a great extent limited to certain

fixed lines.”’

The following papers were also communicated :—

‘“‘ Parthenogenesis in Worker Ants, with special reference to

two colonies of Lasius niger, Linn.,” by W. C. Crawtey, B.A.

* I was not present at the meeting, but I believe I am correct in the

above statement.

tains *-)

“ A Monograph of the genus Acraea,” by H. Evrrincuam,

MAS F.ZS.

Wednesday, November 15th, 1911.

The Rev. F. D. Morticr, M.A., President, in the Chair.

Election of a Fellow.

The Rev. Samuet Provuproot, 6 Lyme Grove, Altrincham,

Cheshire, was elected a Fellow of the Society.

Presentation.

The Prestpent announced that Mr. J. H. Durrant, a

member of the Council, had presented to the Society an

excellent photographic portrait of Lord WatsineHam, a

former President of the Society, and that the Council had

arranged to have it framed and hung in the Library. He

offered the thanks of the Society to Mr. Durrant for the

gift.

Nomination of Officers and Council.

The Rev. G. WHEELER, one of the Secretaries, announced

that the Council had nominated the following Fellows to

serve as Officers and Members of the Council for the ensuing

year :—President, the Rev. F. D. Morticr, M.A.; Treasurer,

Apert Hua Jones ; Secretaries, Commander J. J. WALKER,

M.A., R.N., F.L.S., and the Rev. Grorgce WHEE ER, M.A.,

F.Z.8.; Librarian, GkorcE Cuarues Cuampion, A.LS., F.Z.S. ;

Other Members of the Council, Rospert ApDKIN, GrorcE T.

Betuune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Matcotm Burr, D.Sc., F.L.S.,

F.Z.8., etc. Horace St. J. Donistoorpr, F.Z.S., Jonn

Hartitey Durrant, Stantey Epwarps, F.L.S., F.Z.S., A. E.

Gipzs, F.L.S., F.R.H.S., W. E. Saarp, Atrrep Sicu, J. R.

LE B. Tomurn, M.A., Henry Jerome TuRNER, CoLBRAN J.

WAINWRIGHT.

Exhibitions.

A New Zeauanp WeeEvit.—Commander WALKER exhibited

three specimens of Phaedrophilus o’connori, Broun, a large

(vale)

and handsome weevil from Mount Quoin, Kaitoke, South

Island, New Zealand. The specimens were taken by Mr.

G. V. Hudson, F.E.8., of Wellington, N.Z., at an elevation

of 3,900 ft., in December 1910.

A Rare Tortrix.—Commander WaAtLkeEr also exhibited a

specimen of the rare Tortrix, Phalonia (Eupoecilia) implicitana,

Wocke, taken by Mr. H. G. Champion at Shoreham, Sussex,

August 1911.

A New British Ant.—Mr. W. C. Crawtey exhibited a 9?

and a 8 of Leptothorax tuberum, Fabr., subspecies corticalis,

Schenk, new to Britain, found with two larvae in an empty

beech-nut at Pangbourne, Berks, April 24, 1904. It was

named by Forel as a var. with long spines.

A CoccINELLID AND Mimosa Gum.—Mr. N. 8. SENNETT

exhibited some Coccinellids as found on Mimosa trees, and

read the following note :—‘‘ J have here for exhibition several

specimens of Chilocorus bipustulatus which I took recently at

Mont’ Estoril in Portugal. On examining the small exuda-

tions of gum on the Mimosa trees, I discovered these beetles,

presenting what I take to be a remarkable though hitherto

unrecorded case of Protective Mimicry, feeding and resting

on the bark in considerable numbers, and I procured speci-

mens of the bark and a number of the beetles, which I have

mounted as I found them. It will be noticed that the narrow

transverse reddish band about the middle of each elytron gives

to the insect a remarkable semblance of semi-transparency

which perfectly coincides with the appearance of the globules

of gum. I have also included in this case a few specimens of

the lichen which is abundant on all these trees, and amongst

which the beetles probably find the Aphides on which they

subsist. As far as I am aware, the Mimosa tree is not

indigenous to Portugal, but it is, of course, quite possible

that the beetles were introduced with the trees. It would be

interesting to find out why this particular species requires

protective disguise, as the Coccinellidae as a family would

appear to be remarkably immune from the depredations of

enemies.”

Mr. G. C. Cuampron observed that the species was a native

of Britain and not uncommon.

Brep Pyrameis carDuI.—Mr. L. W. Newman showed a

long series of Pyrameis cardui, bred from 9 2 captured at

Folkestone on September 2nd last. Ova were laid at once

and placed ina hot-house kept at about 80 degrees; they

hatched on September 7th and larvae fed up very rapidly

on stinging-nettle, the first pupating on September 30th.

Imagines started to emerge about a week later, and all were

out by October 16th—some 500 in all. Considerable variation

occurred, the most noteworthy being the large apical white

spot on a few having black scaling so thick as almost to obscure

it, while in others this black scaling was present but was not

so intense. A fair percentage were very pink, and a few very

devoid of this colour. Minor variation, such as an extra

spot, was represented, but the majority of the brood were

normal,

Rare Diprera.—Mr. H. W. Anprews exhibited two rare

species of Diptera from North Kent, viz. Syrphus lineola, Ztt.,

a g, taken at Bexley on July 8th, and Sciomyza simplex, Fln.,

both sexes, taken in the Thames Marshes on June 23rd and

July Ist, all in the present year.

Mr. J. E. Couuin remarked that he had only taken the latter

species at Ringwood and in Suffolk.

A PRoBABLE SPECIMEN OF CipaRiA CONCINNATA.—Mr. E. A.

Cockayne exhibited a Geometer taken at Tongue, Sutherland,

July 5th, 1906, closely resembling Cidaria (Dysstroma)

concinnata, Steph., specimens of which were placed below for

comparison. ‘This species, first clearly differentiated by Prout

(Ent. Record, xx, p. 143), has only been recorded once, and

that doubtfully, from the mainland of Scotland. No other

specimens were taken either resembling that exhibited or of

typical C’. rwssuta.

Some Locan Forms or MaganareGiA GALaTHeA.—Mr. J.

Pratt Barrett exhibited a drawer of Melanargia galathea

containing :—English specimens, altitude under 500 ft., with

oneaberration. Specimens from the Alps, (1) Brigue, 2,000 to

3,000 ft., paler than (2) and probably larger ; (2) Bérisal, over

5,000 ft.,dark. From the Apennines, (3) Pracchia, near Pistoja,

3,000 ft., the smallest form, dark. From Calabria, (4) Gioja

Tauro, Plain of Radicena, near sea-level, large and very dark ;

(tise)

(5) Palmi, Monte Elia, 1,000 ft., very dark ; (6) Aspromonte,

above Scylla, over 2,000 ft. very dark. From Sicily, (7)

Mount Etna, over 3,000 ft., moderate size, paler ; (8) Monte

Cicci (near Messina), 2,000 ft., large and dark; (9) Monte

Scuderi, 1,000 ft., very large and rather pale; (10) Messina

(Gravitelli), 500 to 800 ft., large and dark (var. procida) ;

(11) Megara Hybloea, sea-level nearly, large and_ pale;

(12) Syracuse, sea-level nearly (var. syracusana, Zell.). The

last were taken near the River Anapo, where galathea was

plentiful near a cornfield. Mr. Barrett observed that Zeller’s

description of “ syracusana” is very simple; ‘‘larger ;

abdomen, back ashen; belly white.” One underside was

exhibited to show the latter peculiarity, and the undersides

were described as being even more interesting than the upper.

The exhibitor added that it is seldom wise to make deductions

from limited information, but that there seemed reason to

think that high altitude reduces the size of this butterfly, but

that with regard to blackness on the other hand, specimens

from near sea-level in Calabria were equally dark with those

taken over 2,000 ft. up the mountain.

A Gigantic Spiper.—Mr. A. E. Tonek exhibited a very

fine Mygale from California, together with a newspaper cutting

giving (from an eminently unscientific point of view) an

amusing account of its capture on a child’s arm by its

terrified but determined mother.

AN ‘“‘ImiTation”” Larva.—Mr. J. R. te B. Tomi showed

a specimen which he said was not strictly an entomological

exhibit, but from its curious resemblance to a caterpillar

might be of momentary interest to Fellows. It was in reality

a species of West Indian oyster (Ostrea frons, L.) which

attaches itself to twigs.

Professor Pountron remarked that both this and the Cocci-

nellid exhibited by Mr. Sennett were probably cases of

accidental resemblance.

Ruopesian Insects as Prey.—Professor E. B. Pouuron

exhibited the following specimens sent to him by Mr. C. F. M.

Swynnerton, both of which had been captured on the outskirts

(3,800 ft.) of Chirinda Forest, Gazaland, 8.E. Rhodesia.

1. The feniale form hippocoon of Papilio dardanus cenea, Stoll,

« oxnt >)

rescued, September’ 8, 1911, by one of his native collectors

from a M’lanje Bulbul (Phyllostrephus milanjensis). The head

was wanting, and there were symmetrical injuries at the anal

angle of the hind-wings similar to those so often seen in living

butterflies.

2. Two wings of Precis archesia, Cr., ©, and the fragments

of a Blattid, probably of the genus Deropeltis, taken June 25,

1911, from a spider’s web. When noticed four days earlier the

wings of the Precis were still attached to its body, and the

latter had been attacked in the manner characteristic of a

largish spider. The butterfly had probably sheltered in the

thatch to which the web was fixed.

Instances OF MIMICRY EXHIBITED BY CERTAIN SARAWAK

Insects.—Professor Pouuron also exhibited specimens sent

by Mr. J. C. Moulton from Sarawak, and said that before

doing so, and reading Mr. Moulton’s account of them, he

wished to acknowledge the kind help he had received from

Mr. C. J. Gahan, who had compared several of the Coleoptera

with the types, and had described one new species of Daphisia,

and also the kind assistance rendered to him by Sir George

Hampson. He then communicated the following paper by

Mr. J. C. Moulton :—

*‘ Among some recent additions to the insect collections in

the Sarawak Museum, I noticed certain curious species which,

by their remarkable resemblance to species belonging to very

different families, afforded excellent examples illustrating the

theory of mimicry. As some of these new captures prove to

be new species, and as unfortunately they add to their rarity

and value by being unique specimens, I have thought it

advisable to send them to England for lasting preservation in

some well-known entomological museum, where they will be

safe from the ravages of a tropical climate and at the same

time easily available for inspection and study. With this end

in view it seemed a good opportunity first to draw attention

to the meaning of the coloration exhibited by these insects,

and so I am asking my friend and former teacher, Professor

Poulton, to be kind enough to exhibit the little collection on

my behalf at one of the meetings of the Entomological Society

before giving them a permanent place in the Hope Collection.

(Cy iseaiv: " )

“‘ Before proceeding further, mention must be made of an

extensive memoir by Mr. R. Shelford, which appeared in the

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1902

(pp. 230-284, plates xix—xxili), on the subject of ‘Mimetic

Insects and Spiders from Borneo and Singapore.’ As his

account in a general way covers certain of the instances

mentioned here, the following notes may be regarded simply

as a humble supplement to that memoir.

I. Miwetric LEPIpoPTERa,

“1, Moth (Fam. Callidulidae) mimicking a butterfly (Fam.

Hesperidae).

“The moth in this case is Callidula abisara, Moore, a common

day-flying species, which flies low and slowly for short dis-

tances, frequenting shady jungle paths or half sunlit patches

in mountain forests. The yellow-chrome underside is un-

doubtedly procryptic and is not noticeable in flight, though

when at rest the wings are folded perpendicularly over the

head and body, and the insect becomes invisible. The upper-

side, it will be noticed, has a simple pattern consisting of a

dark tawny-fuscous ground-colour relieved in the fore-wing by

a conspicuous subapical orange bar.

“ The Hesperid (Koruthaiolos xanites, Butl.) has exactly the

same pattern on the upperside, but its underside resembles the

upper, and possesses the usual dark ground-colour typical of

this section of Bornean Hesperidae. On one occasion, while

collecting on Mount Matang (near Kuching), at an altitude of

2,000 ft., I watched this Hesperid flying slowly along the side

of the path in front of me, stopping every few yards and then

fluttering on again, and I was astonished to notice the re-

semblance in its flight to the moth, an example of which I had

captured on the path about ten minutes before.

‘“‘The advantage of this pattern to the moth is at once

evident, for with its slow flight and a pattern resembling any of

the swiftly flying Hesperidae the advantage would be nil, but

given a slow flight and a pattern resembling a slow flying

Hesperid, then the advantage becomes very real. The instance

may be classed under the heading of pseudaposematic mimicry,

( Mesxv: §)

since the moth is very probably palatable and the Hesperid

the reverse.

“ Two other Hesperids, occurring in Sarawak, bear the same

upperside pattern, viz. Kerana gemmifer, Butl., and the larger

K. armata, Druce. Both are fairly common species, occurring

in the same locality as Koruthaiolos xanites, and possibly

present a case of synaposematic mimicry, but I do not know

their flight, and so refrain from further comment.

“2. Moth (Sub-fam. Chalcosiinae) mimicking a butterfly

(Fam. Pieridae). I had for some time suspected the 9 of the

Chalcosid moth Mimeuploea (Pidorus) inclusus, W1k., of being

a mimic of the common Pierine, Zerias hecabe, L., but it was not

till the capture of the ? of an interesting allied species Chalcosia

(Cyclosia) hecabe, Jord., in May last, that I felt at all positive

about it. The majority of Sarawak females of J/. (P.) inclusus,

which is common enough, have a black hind-margin to the

fore-wing, the inner edge of which is moderately even, and not

indented in that marked manner characteristic of the Pierine,

Terias hecabe. Now the ? of Chalcosia (Cyclosia) hecabe has

this very indentation reproduced, and possessing also a

pale yellowish ground-colour, is an excellent mimic of the

Pierine.* MM. (P.) inclusus, on the other hand, exhibits only

a very slight tendency towards this indentation in the black

hind-marginal border. This common Chalcosid flies slowly and

for short distances in open sunny places, and settles on the

upperside of leaves; it is abundant, though, of course, not to

be met with in anything like the numbers that may be seen of

T. hecabe anywhere in Sarawak. It settles with fore-wings

folded over the hind-wings, presenting a flat surface, so that

the hecabe-pattern is conspicuous. For the theory of mimicry

between these two species it is, of course, unfortunate that the

Pierine invariably settles with wings closed and erect, nor does

this Pierine, when settled, open and close its wings slowly, so

that one can see the upperside pattern, as do some of the Papi-

lios, e. g. P. agamemnon. But in flight there is no doubt that

the moth is sufficiently like the Pierine to be mistaken for it.

* Both these 9 ?, together with their ¢ ¢, which are entirely

unlike Terias hecabe, are figured in Seitz, Gross-Schmett., x, pl. 3,4

(1907).—E. B. P.

(. ieooya | |)

‘* Terias hecabe can be seen frequently in closely packed

‘flocks’ of 50 to 100 individuals settled on damp spots by

the side of many rivers in Sarawak, and they should form an

easy prey to any bird or insect enemy ; but although I have

often watched them thus settled together with other larger

brilliant yellow Pierines, I have never seen them attacked ;

and when disturbed, instead of dispersing and flying away,

they fly round and round in a thick cloud just over the same

place, thus presenting an easy capture with the net.

‘Various writers have noted the common occurrence of this

species in the East, and certainly in Sarawak it is one of the

commonest butterflies.

‘‘Mr. Shelford mentions the resemblance of J. (P.) inclusus

to a Verias, as an instance of mimicry, in his table (J. c.,

p. 257).

Il. Mimeric CoLroprera.

“1. Between Clerids and Longicorns.

‘*(a) The black-and-white-spotted pattern, which we notice

in the Longicorn (Fam. Lamiidae, Sub-fam. Phytoeciinae),

Daphisia pulchella, Pascoe, a beautiful mimic of the little Clerid

Callimerus bellus, Gorham. This resemblance is described and

figured in Mr. Shelford’s memoir (J. ¢., p. 247, pl. xxiii, f. 53 and

55), but it is such a beautiful example that I venture to send

for exhibition the model and mimic from the same locality and

taken in the same fortnight.

“(b) The black-and-yellow-spotted pattern, adopted by a

Longicorn synaposematic association into which enters the

Clerid Callumerus mysticus, Gorh.

“This Longicorn association is composed of

(i) The common and almost certainly highly distasteful

Cerambycid, Caloclytus annularis, Fab. Figured by Mr.

Shelford as Chlorophorus annularis (1. c., pl. xx, f. 31).

(ii) The Lamiid (Sub-family Phytoeciinae) Daphisia clytoides,

Gahan.

“This species, kindly described by Mr. C. J. Gahan in

the appendix to this paper, was figured by Mr. Shelford as

Daphisia sp. % (pl. xx, f. 34).

( dxewii )

(iii) The rare Lamiid Cylindrepomus laetus, Pasc., var. Figured

by Mr. Shelford as Cylindrepomus? form of comis, Pasc.

(pl. 2x, £33):

“ Professor Poulton has attached some interesting remarks

on the far-reaching mimetic effects of this Caloclytus-pattern, to

Mr. Shelford’s account of the association (/.c., pp. 250-2). It

is therefore pleasant to record the entry of a member of a

totally distinct family of Coleoptera into this synaposematic

combination, thus affording an instructive comparison with

the first Clerid-Longicorn instance given above, in which the

Clerid functioned as model instead of mimic.

“2. Between Hispids and Longicorns.

“On a recent collecting expedition up the Limbang River in

Sarawak (April 1910), we were fortunate enough to capture a

little Longicorn which bore a remarkable resemblance to the

spinose Hispidae of the genus Dactylispa. Dr. Chr. Aurivillius

has kindly examined it for me, and finding it new to science,

he proposes to describe it (or has already described it) under

the name of Plaxomicrus hispoides (Phytoeciinae).* I send

with it for exhibition a specimen of the common Hispid,

Dactylispa longicuspis, Gestro, which was taken in the same

district and month (possibly on the same day). It should be

noted that all the Sarawak Museum examples of this species

of Dactylispa come from the region watered by the Limbang,

Trusan and Lawas Rivers, all of which are adjacent and

debouch into Brunei Bay.

“The little tufts of hair on the elytra of the Longicorn, so

formed as to resemble the spines on the Hispid, recall the

instance of another Longicorn (Zelota spathomelina, Gahan),

exhibiting a somewhat similar development (but bearing of

course an entirely different pattern from that of the Hispid-like

Longicorn), on this occasion in mimicry of the spined Endo-

mychid, Spathomeles turritus, Gerst. Mr. Shelford figures and

records this latter instance (/. ¢., p. 247, pl. xxiii, f. 56, 57).

He also mentions the presence of the larger red and black

Hispidae with mimetic Longicorns in his great Lycoid dis-

tasteful association, but I believe that this is the first instance

* Mr. C. J. Gahan considers that the species more probably belongs

to the allied genus Chreonoma.—E. B. P.

( Iexvint )

known of a Longicorn going to the length of pseudo-spine-

development on the elytra in mimicry of a Hispid.

Eaplanation of Exhilntion.

I. Mimetic LepiportTera.

1, The Butterfly (Fam. Hesperidae), Koruthaiolos xanites,

Butler, mimicked by

. The Moth (Fam. Callidulidae), Callidula abisara, Moore.

Locality: near Kuching, Sarawak, April 1909. Both at

the 4th mile, ‘Rock Road,’ the Hesperid on

the 10th, the moth on the 24th.

3. The Butterfly (Fam. Pieridae), Terias hecabe, L., mimicked

4, The 2 of the Moth (Sub-fam. Chalcosiinae), Mimewploea

(Pidorus) inclusus, Walk.

. The 2 of the Moth (Sub-fam. Chalcosiinae), Chalcosia

(Cyclosia) hecabe, Jord.

Localities: Kuching, Sarawak, July 27, 1896 (No. 3), and

Madihit, Limbang R., Sarawak, 1911, Ne. 4

on May 21, No. 5 on May 26.

Il. Mimetic CoLreortera.

1. The Longicorn, Daphisia pulchella, Pascoe, mimic of

. The Clerid Callimerus bellus, Gorham.

Locality : Matang Road, near Kuching, Sarawak, July 1911.

No. 1 on the 12th, No. 2 on the 25th.

3. The Longicorn (Fam. Lamiidae), Daphisia clytoides, Gahan,

synaposematic mimic.

4. The Longicorn (Fam. Lamiidae), Cylindrepomus laetus,

Pasc., var., synaposematic mimic.

. The Longicorn (Fam. Cerambycidae), Caloclytus annularis,

Fab., synaposematic model.

6. The Clerid, Callimerus mysticus, Gorham, pseudaposematic*

mimic.

* More probably synaposematic in view of the fact that another

species of the same genus is the model of Daphisia pulchella (see

p. Ixxvi). There are in fact details in the pattern of Daphisia

clytoides which suggest its possible secondary mimetic association

with the Clerid. Observations during life would be particularly

valuable in settling this point.—E. B. P,

G iecix’,\)

Localities: Nos. 3 and 4, Mt. Matang (3,600 ft.), near

Kuching, Sarawak, June 1900, and (3,200 ft.)

July 30, 1909.

No. 5, Danau, near Kuching, November 18,

1909. Also taken at Lawas among other

places. A common species in Sarawak.

No. 6, Lawas, August 26, 1909.

7. The Lamiid Longicorn Plaxomicrus hispoides, Auriv.

mimic of

8. The Clerid, Dactylispa longicuspis, Gestro.

Locality: R. Limbang, April 1910.”

APPENDIX by C. J. GAHAN.

Daphisia clytoides, Gahan, sp. n.

Brownish black. Head, prothorax, scutellum and body beneath

with a rather dense covering of tawny-yellow pubescence, a similar

pubescence forming bands and spots on the elytra; head marked

with a median black band on the vertex; prothorax with four

longitudinal black bands—two on the disc and one on each side ;

these bands, which stop short before base and apex, are closely and

rather strongly punctured ; the tawny-yellow marks on the elytra

consist of (1) a sutural band which widens out at the base and

spreads across each elytron to the shoulder, and which also widens

out near the apex, (2) a short oblique band given off on each side

from the sutural band just before the middle, (3) an elongate, club-

shaped spot or band running from the outer end of the oblique band

towards the base, (4) a round spot on each elytron placed close to

the sutural band about half-way between the middle and the apex.

Metathorax with one, and the abdomen with a row of blackish spots

along each side. Where the elytra are blackish in colour, they are

seen to be rather strongly punctured.

Length 11, breadth 3 mm.

Hab. Borneo: Matang, 3,600 ft.

The actual specimen here described is figured by Mr. Shel-

ford in Proc. Zool. Soc., 1902, on p. 25 and pl. xx, f. 34.

Cylindrepomus laetus, Pasc., var.

From the type form of C. laetus, this variety differs chiefly by the

colour of the pubescence covering the prothorax and forming the

bands on the elytra, the colour being yellowish-brown instead of

ashy-grey as in the type. It differs also in having the short sutural

( exe)

band at the apex of the elytra continued forward to join the postero-

median transverse band, and the latter is a little more arcuate than

is the corresponding band in the type.

Hab. Borneo: Matang.

This variety is figured by Mr. Shelford as “? form of comi

(Zc., pl. xxp8. 38).

A New Arrican Lycannrp.—Professor Poutron exhibited

six male examples of a remarkable Lycaenid, all captured,

Nov. 22, 1910, in the Uhehe District (3,000-3,500 ft.) of

German East Africa, by Mr. 8. A. Neave, F.E.S. The

pattern and brilliant colours, which were extraordinary in

a Lycaenid, strongly suggested, on both upper and under

surface, the appearance, although on a smaller scale, of an

Acraea of the type of A. anemosa, Hew. Mr. Neave wrote to

Professor Poulton from Mombasa, Jan. 6, 1911 :—

“JT had a very fairly successful journey across German Kast

Africa.

“T got afew good Lepidoptera, the most interesting in the

way of mimicry being a large Lycaenid which I do not re-

member having seen before. I took six individuals all from

one spot.

“The first one I saw completely took me in (though I

watched it for nearly five minutes while waiting for a net to

come up) not so much by its appearance as by its attitude.

It was sunning itself at the top of a grass-head with the wings

expanded but the primaries making an angle of 45 degrees

with the body and covering the secondaries, exactly as many

Acraeas sun themselves. All the time I was watching this

first specimen I was quite satisfied that I had got hold of a

new Acraea, the idea of a Lycaenid in such an attitude and

position never entering my head. I subsequently took in the

same spot five others, some of them doing the same thing,

others on the wing. The flight was less powerful than that

of Mimacraea marshalli, Trim.”

Mr. H. H. Druce and Mr. G. T. Beraune-Baker stated

that the species was entirely new to them.

An AxpnormaL CoLeopreron.—Mr. Srantey Epwarps ex-

hibited a specimen of Oxynopterus audowini, a beetle from

Borneo, with abnormal antennae, apparently gynandromor-

ERRATA.

PLATES.

Plates XL and XLIV, for WirrLesia read WITLESIA.

Plates XXXV—XLIV. The photographs are by Mr. F, Noad Clark, and

are attributed in error to Mr. A. E, Tonge.

In Plates LVI and LVII the names of the species figured have been

transposed. Plate LVI represents Hydroecia americana, and Plate LVII,

H,. crinanensis.

The date of the first set of Proceedings, for 1840, on p. 763, should be

Feb, Ist, 1841, instead of Jan. Ist, 1841,

The fourth date from the end, Dec. 1st, 1846, should be Jan. Ist, 1847.

The last two dates should be 1848, not 1847.

(Tice: -')

phous, and explained that Mr. Gahan had dissected it and

found the genitalia to be entirely 9.

Scarce Coxteoprera.—Mr. H. C. Doiuman exhibited the

following species of Coleoptera :—Philonthus intermedius,

Bois. ; ab. donisthorpei, Dollman, described in the Ent. Rec.,

December 1910; Stenus formicetorwm, Mann., introduced as

British in the Ent. Rec., April 1911; Bembidium quadrv-

pustulatum, Dej., an example from Ditchling, Sussex, August

17, 1911; Hypophloeus linearis, F., retaken at Oxshott, in July

of this year; a species hitherto taken in Great Britain only

in Surrey, at Oxshott and Woking; Mycetoporus forticornis,

Fauv. (one specimen from the New Forest), with J. clavicornis,

Steph., for comparison ; Philonthus corruscus, Gr., taken from

a dead rabbit at Ditchling ; Stenws morio, Gr., from Ditchling,

taken in October 1910.

BRED SERIES OF ACRAEA ORESTIA AND A. HUMILIS.—Mr.

H. Exrrineuam exhibited a bred series of Acraea orestia,

Hew., containing the typical form, and also the A. humitis

of Miss E. M. Sharpe, thus demonstrating the truth of the

conclusion at which he had previously arrived as to the

specific identity of these two forms. The exhibit was

accompanied by an extract from a letter received by Professor

Poulton from Dr. G. D. H. Carpenter, who had bred the series

at Damba Island, Victoria Nyanza, and who had generously

presented the specimens to the Hope Department at Oxford.

Dr. Carpenter’s note was as follows: ‘‘ Reared, September

11 [1911], larvae found very young, feeding all together on

one leaf, cheek by jowl. I took them for alctope larvae,

and was much surprised by the ultimate result. Pupae and

larvae were both exactly like alciope so far as I could tell,

but I had no alciope larvae to compare with them at the

time, as no idea of a different species was suggested.”

Mr. ExrrtncHam also exhibited a coloured drawing of the

larva of alciope in order to give an idea of the appearance of

the larvae from which oresiia had been bred. He also showed

three ¢ black and yellow Acraeas, one of which was the

A, circeis of Drury from Sierra Leone. The other two while

differing in appearance from A. circeis were themselves exactly

alike, but for the fact that the two tarsal claws of the second

PROU. ENT. SOC. LOND., v. 1911. F

(desi 4)

and third pairs of feet were equal and similar in one specimen

and unequal and dissimilar in the other. He pointed out

that in all the African Acraeas, except about sixteen species,

the male tarsal claws were unequal. A. circeis was amongst

the latter, and in many cases of close similarity of pattern

this feature provided a ready means of distinction. In such

cases, however, there was as a rule some difference of pattern

correlated with the structural difference in the claws. The

present case was an exception to that rule. He had hitherto

regarded the form now exhibited, which was recognisably

different from A. circeis, as A. servona, but the discovery of

a form identical in appearance with the supposed servona,

and differing only in the structure of the claws, raised a

serious difficulty, inasmuch as the type of servona was a

female, and since all female Acraeas had equal claws, it was

quite impossible to say to which of these males the type

servona belonged. There were female examples in the series

from which the present specimens had been taken, but they

were all alike. The equal and the unequal clawed forms

must apparently be regarded as different species in spite of

the absence of difference in wing pattern. If the females

of both these species were as similar in appearance as the

males the true identity of A. servona would never be dis-

covered. The male armature of these species was of a very

simple character, and afforded but little evidence of a specific

distinction.

In answer to an inquiry from Mr. Brrnune-Baker, Mr.

Eltringham said that he had made many preparations of the

? organs, but that in this group of Acraeas they did not

provide distinctive characteristics. A long and interesting

discussion followed on the question of the importance of the

tarsal claws as a means of specific distinction, and on the

possible correlation of uneven claws in the gand the abdominal

sac in the 2, in which the Presipent, Professor PouLton, both

the SrecreTaries, and Messrs. GAHAN, CoLLIN, WATERHOUSE

and JANSON joined.

Descriptions oF British RHopaLoceRA.—Mr. CHAMPION

called attention to a paper by M. Roger Vérity in the

‘Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France,” Séance

(.cbexaat }

du 11 Octobre, 1911, on new Scottish races of Hrebia aethiops,

Esp. (race caledonia), Satyrus semele (race scota), and Parage

megaera (race caledonia).

Papers.

The following papers were communicated :—‘ Descriptions

of South American Micro-Lepidoptera,”’ by E. Meyrick, B.A.,

F.RB.S.

“‘New Species of Hawaiian Hymenoptera, with notes on

some previously described,” by R. C. L. Perrys, D.Sc.,

MA. EES:

“ Notes on Hawaiian Hemiptera, with descriptions of new

Species,” by R. C. L. Perxrns, D.Sc., M.A., F.E.S.

“Experiments in the Formation of Colonies by Lasius

fuliginosus, 2 ¢,” by Horace DonistHorps, F.Z.S., and

W. C. Crawtey, F.E.S.

Wednesday, December 6th, 1911.

The Rev. F. D. Moricr, M.A., President, in the Chair.

Election of Fellows.

THE following gentlemen were elected Fellows of the

Society: Dr. Beckwith Wuitenouse, 52 Newhall Street,

Birmingham; Messrs. F. W. Epwarps, Kingswear, Cornwall

Road, Harrow ; Doucnias Pearson, Chilwell House, Chilwell,

Notts; B. H. Smirx, B.A., Edgehill, Warlingham, Surrey ;

C. F. M. Swynnerton, Mt. Chirinda, Melsetter, 8.E. Rhodesia.

Exhibitions.

A Paasmip New To Scrence.—Mr. C. J. Gawan exhibited

an insect recently brought to the British Museum, and recog-

nised by him as belonging to Prisopus, a remarkable and

specially interesting genus of Phasmidae. It was found at

Xapury, on the river Acre in the Amazon Valley by Mr. F. G.

Fisher, who had very kindly offered to present it to the

Museum. The species of Prisopus inhabit tropical America,

F 2

( tesavy )

and appear to be very rare, very few specimens having yet

found their way into public or private collections. The one

now exhibited was new, and he proposed to name it Prisopus

fisheri in honour of its discoverer. It resembled other species

of the genus in its general style of colour and in its adaptational

structure, but could be readily distinguished from them by

the very prominent hump or swelling near the base of each

wing-cover, and more especially by the strong triangular pro-

cess projecting from each side of the metathorax just in front

of the hind coxae. These characters, it would be observed,

were only part of the general scheme of structure and colora-

tion by which the insect was eminently adapted for conceal-

ment while living at rest on the bark of a tree. ‘That was in

fact the place where it was found. Mr. Fisher, he said, could

not recall whether it was on a sapling or on a small tree, but

he was quite certain that it was either the one or the other ;

and he found it in the day-time. ‘The district was part of a

forest track in a low-lying alluvial plain, with no rocks or

mountain streams anywhere near. ‘These facts he wished to

emphasize, because now he had to call attention to a story

handed down to us from the year 1866 and implicitly believed

in by different writers up to the present time. In that year

Andrew Murray published a paper in the “ Annals and Maga-

zine of Natural History,” giving an account of the aquatic

habits of the Prisopi, and pointing out with a great wealth of

detail all the wonderful adaptations of structure which fitted

these insects for living attached to stones under the water

of swiftly running mountain streams. No one hitherto had

questioned the truth of that account, notwithstanding that it

depended upon “the veracity of the person” who first told

the story to Mr. Alexander Fry, from whom Murray derived

it, adding to it, however, by the exercise of his imagination

all the details necessary to ensure its acceptance. The story

might possibly have had some slight foundation in fact,

but he believed it to be essentially untrue. Prisopus /labelli-

Jormis, the species to which Murray’s account more particu-

larly applied, presented exactly the same kind of adaptation

as those to be seen in the specimen shown that evening; and

it was impossible to believe that the two insects could have

(leony: \)

such different habits of life. The purpose of those adaptations

was perfectly obvious, as he felt certain every Fellow present

would admit. He had confidence, therefore, in stating that

the Prisopi, so far as their habits were concerned, were not

at all exceptional, but were just like all the other members of

the same family, the habits of which were well known and

well understood. From this he was led to offer some remarks

about another genus of Phasmidae which had an interest of

the same kind. The genus Cotylosoma has on each side of the

metathorax a row of five remarkable leaf-like structures ; and

Wood-Mason, the author of the genus, had no hesitation in

describing these as tracheal gills. Dr. Sharp and Mr. Water-

house had questioned this interpretation of the structures.

He had himself recently examined them; and finding the

presence in them of numerous pigment spots, and the complete

absence of tracheae, he was quite convinced that they were

not tracheal gills. They were, however, structures of a peculiar

and very interesting character, for which it was difficult to

find anything quite analogous in other families of insects; but

he believed their function was merely procryptic, and that

they were developed in harmony with other features, to effect

the concealment of the insect from its enemies. They were

movable, and, looking like diminutive wings, suggested a

possible explanation of the use to which the primitive wings

were first put in the terrestrial ancestors of the winged insects.

That Cotylosoma had the habits of other Phasmidae was clearly

enough shown by the account MacGillivray had given of

C’. carlottae, a species very closely related to the one described

by Wood-Mason. He states that “it was said to be found on

the trunks of trees,” exactly what we should be led to expect

from the description he had given of the colours of the insect—

colours that “altogether reminded him of some kinds of

lichens,” His description of this species, under the name of

Prisopus carlottae, although published several years before the

papers written by Murray and Wood-Mason, was evidently

not seen by either of them; nor had they the advantage of

seeing fresh specimens in which the original colours of the

insects were still retained. Had they been so fortunate as to

have seen a specimen like the one passed round that evening,

aoe”)

they might, perhaps, have told a very different story about

the habits of the Prisopi.

Mr. C. O. WatrerHousE observed that he had written the

paper to which Mr, Gahan referred for the purpose of

throwing doubt on the story of the aquatic habits of the

genus Prisopus, in which he had no belief.

LEUCANIA PALLENS AND L, FAvIcoLoR.—Mr. Soutn exhibited

a drawer of Leucanid moths captured and reared by the

Rev. W. P. Waller in the Woodbridge district of Suffolk. In

the first series were three specimens, selected from thirty,

that were reared in June 1908 from ova deposited by a female

captured at sugar in a marsh near Woodbridge in June 1907.

The female parent, also shown, was apparently referable to

L. pallens, but of her offspring twenty-three specimens were

of the typical favicolor form, and the other seven were

examples of the yellow form of favicolor—ab. lutea, Tutt. The

next series of twenty-four specimens showed the progeny

of a female favicolor taken in the same marsh, July 1910.

The majority of these specimens were not separable from

pallens, nine were typical favicolor, and the others intergrades,

but favoured pallens more than favicolor. In a letter sent

with the insects, Mr. Waller, referring to the moths reared

in 1911, wrote: ‘Is it possible this female paired with a male

pallens ?—or have we here a species still in the making, not

yet fixed, if I may so express it?”’ Mr. South observed that

seeing that Mr. Waller had reared favicolor from eggs laid

by a pallens-like female, and obtained pallens from the ova of

a female favicolor, the obvious inference was that there was

cross-pairing in each case. It was, however, curious to note

that although all the moths resulting from the pallens ova

were of the favicolor form, less than half of the moths from

Javicolor ova were of the female parent form.

Turning to the interesting series of L. pallens taken at

sugar at Waldingfield in the Woodbridge district, it would

be seen that some of the specimens comprised therein bore

a close resemblance to some forms of /avicolor. Possibly

these particular specimens were hybrids, or perhaps more

correctly heterozygotes, and it would seem probable that the

pallens-like female of Series 1 was also a_ heterozygote.

From the evidence afforded by the material submitted, one

( ‘heexvii )

was led to the conclusion that favicolor is probably not a

true species, but, as Mr. Waller puts the case, “a species

still in the making.” Mr. South added that he understood

that favicolor cannot be separated from pallens by any

difference in the genitalia, and was informed that cross-

pairings of pallens and favicolor are not uncommon in the

habitat of the latter. He was, therefore, inclined to suppose

that favicolor is a salt-marsh development of pallens.

A CoLrorTERON New vo Brirain.—Mr. DoNnistHORPE

exhibited a specimen of Hryx fairmatrei, Reiche, a species

of Coleoptera new to Britain, one of several taken by him

in Sherwood Forest on July 11, 1908. He also showed a

French specimen of the same species, and examples of Hryx

atra, F., the other known British species, for comparison.

Ruoparocera from Larptanp.—Mr. W. G. SHetpon showed

a collection of Rhopalocera made by him in Jemtland and

Swedish Lapland in June and July 1911. The species in-

cluded were: Hesperia centaureae, H. andromedae, Chrysophanus

(Loweia) amphidamas, var. obscura, C. (Rumicia) phlaeas, var.

hypophlaeas, Vacciniina optilete, Polyommatus icarus, Plebeius

argyrognomon, var. aegidion, Pieris napi, var. bryoniae, Colias

nastes, var. werdandi, Aglais urticae, and ab. polaris, Brenthis

freya, B. frigga, B. aphirape, var. ossianus, B. thore, var.

borealis, B. euphrosyne, Oeneis norna, O. jutta, O. bore, Erebia

lappona, E. embla, E. ligea, var. adyte.

He also exhibited the following Heterocera taken during

the same expedition: Anthrocera exulans, var. vanadis, Anarta

melaleuca, A. cordigera, A. melanopa, Plusia hochenwarthi, and

others.

LUPERINA NICKERLIT AND ALuies.—Mr. Henry J. Turner

exhibited a large number of specimens of Luperina nickerlii,

of which the British form or race has been hitherto known

as Luperina gueneet, together with series of other races from

the Continent. He called attention to his former exhibit of

gueneet, and to the notes which he had contributed with

Dr. Chapman’s aid to the “ Entomologists’ Record” during the

present year, and said that it had been practically proved that

gueneet was the British form of the Bohemian species nicherli.

At the conclusion of his notes he had asked for any informa-

tion which continental workers might be able to give. As

( lx=xviti \)

a result M. Oberthiir, with his accustomed kindness, had

referred him to his published notes on an allied form which

he had named graslini, and subsequently had given him a con-

siderable amount of material for comparison and investigation.

This material he was exhibiting that evening with the

material he had previously possessed, and with a very fine

series of the gweneet form which he had just received from

Mr. Baxter, of St. Anne’s-on-Sea.

The conclusions to be drawn from these investigations were—

1. That nickerlii, gueneei, and graslini were one and the

same species, which assumption was confirmed by an examina-

tion of the genitalia (exhibited).

2. That Guenée erred in 1862 in identifying the Doubleday

specimen of gueneet with var. A. of his Luperina testacea,

which latter was undoubtedly a form of L. testacea.

3. That var. B. of Guenée’s L. testacea was nickerlii, with

which it had originally been identified by Dr. Nickerl himself.

Mr.. Turner also called attention to the interesting speci-

mens of JZ. testacea from various continental localities and

from Algeria, and of LZ. dwmerilii from Rennes and Algeria,

which he had received from M. Oberthiir.

EreEBIA AETHIOPS.—Mr. TuRNER also exhibited a long series

of Erebia aethiops from many continental localities and also

from Aviemore, Scotland. He made the exhibit at the

suggestion of Dr. Chapman, with reference to an article in

the “Bull. Soc. Ent. France,” No. 15, 1911, by M. Roger

Verity, in which the Scotch (Galashiels) race of this species

was named var. caledonia, distinguishing it from the typical

Alpine race by its smaller size, its comparatively narrow and

longer wings, its narrow fawn-coloured band which does not

contain more than three small ocelli (the Alpine race often

has four or five), and its underside with the transverse band

very often less distinct. Generally speaking, the Scotch speci-

mens exhibited showed these characteristics, being smaller

than almost every race placed in the box.

Mr. Turner at the same time called attention to the

growing tendency to name aberrations, a course which often

resulted in multiple names being bestowed on some one form.

In illustration of his remark he instanced the case of the

small aberration of Pieris napi. In the October number of the

Oy txxeax) :.)

“‘ Entomologists’ Record,” Mr. Muschamp, of Staefa, had named

some very small specimens of this species as ab. minima. In

the November number of the same magazine M. Lambillion,

of Namur, wrote, saying that he had named this aberration

in 1902 as ab. napella, and about the same time the Baron

Crombrugghe, of Brussels, had called it ab. minor. While he

(Mr. Turner) was afraid it was quite impossible to prevent

the naming of aberrations, races, etc., still it was quite

possible in his opinion to regulate it. He looked forward to

the future power, influence and authority of the International

Congress of Entomology, and threw out the suggestion that

there should be a permanent international committee chosen

by the Congress who should consider each new name proposed,

and that no name should be considered valid until it had

received the sanction of that committee. If only all the

chief magazines and all the principal systematists would

support this committee and recognize only the names re-

commended by them, the multiple naming, which often occurs

from mere ignorance, would practically disappear.

Dr. CHapman remarked that local races required special

names if any forms did so, and that he had already remarked

upon the Scotch form of Z. aethiops, though without naming

it, and had observed that this small form had the genitalia

proportionately small, which was very far from being universal

in small local races.

A long and important discussion took place on the subject

of varietal, and especially aberrational, names, in which the

PresipENT, Prof. Poutton, Dr. Jorpan, and Messrs. GAHAN

and WHEELER took part; Prof. Poutton remarking that

the subject was one on which a discussion might well take

place after previous notice, as it was really too important to

be dealt with offhand.

ConTRASTS IN COLOURING BETWEEN CERTAIN SPECIES oF But-

TERFLIES FROM THE LAGos DISTRICT AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL

Races at Enrespe.—Prof. Poutton exhibited a series of

specimens bearing upon the view, again recently advanced,

that changes of colour and pattern in allied forms are due to

climate, and especially to moisture. The western specimens

were all collected or bred by Mr. W. A. Lamborn, just above

sea-level, in the Lagos district. The Uganda specimens were

—_

( xe)

collected by Mr. C, A. Wiggins, at about 4000 ft., in the

neighbourhood of Entebbe. The average rainfall at Epe, near

Mr. Lamborn’s locality, Oni, 70 miles east of Lagos, is about

equal to that of Entebbe, being 60°5 inches to 59:1. The first

example was Planema epuea, Cram., and its Uganda sub-species

epaea paragea, Grose-Smith. In the latter the fuscous ground-

colour had been greatly increased, while correspondingly

reduced pale-yellowish markings represented the conspicuous

fulvous of the western male and white of the western female.

Thus the sexual dimorphism of pattern, marked in the west,

is lost in the far duller Uganda race. Together with these

were exhibited the males and females, of Papilio cynorta, F.,

from the same localities. While the males showed no appre-

ciable change, the western female was a beautiful mimic of

the female epaea and the more eastern female (peculiaris,

Neave), an equally beautiful mimic of the dingy-looking

paragea. In this latter case a climatic cause could hardly be

invoked, for it is unreasonable to suppose that the male and

female larvae and pupae are exposed to different conditions

or that they differ in their sensitiveness to climatic influ-

ence. It may well be argued, however, that we should not

expect a Papilionine and an <Acraeine to exhibit the same

kind of susceptibility. But even the investigation of other

Planemas (Acraeinae) at Entebbe does not support the con-

clusion that the pattern of paragea is a climatic effect. ‘Thus

it is seen in the exhibited specimens that the rich fulvous

and black P. consanguinea, Auriv., from the Lagos district

becomes the pale yellowish and black sub-species arenaria,

K. M. Sharpe, at Entebbe.

When we pass from the western to the eastern side of the

geographical range, Plamena epaea becomes a duller, darker-

looking butterfly ; Planema consanguinea, on the contrary, a

far lighter and paler butterfly. If, neglecting the immense

difference in general appearance, attention be fixed on the

fact that the fulvous pigment of the male epaea and both sexes

of consanguinea becomes pale yellow in the east, we are met

by the fact that the male Planema alcinoe, Feld., from Lagos,

preserves the very same fulvous tint unchanged at Entebbe, as

do the male montana, Butl., form of P. aganice, Hew., the male

P. macarista, E. M. Sharpe, and both sexes of P. pogget

( 2&xci- ))

nelsoni, Grose-Smith. Further evidence against the hypo-

thesis of climatic influence was derived from Mr. Wiggins’s

series of P. paragea, in which were found the two remarkable

specimens exhibited to the meeting. In one of these, a male

captured June 26th, 1910, the yellow markings had almost

entirely disappeared, while in the other, a female, taken Aug.

29, 1909, they were immensely extended, especially on the

hind-wing, where the pale expanse was even two or three

times as large as the white area of the female epuea from

Lagos. Here was a single individual in which the normal

change in the eastern part of the range was reversed, the

insect being lighter and paler instead of dingier in appearance.

Such a variety throws strong light upon the origin of mimetic

resemblance ; for this pale individual presents considerable

likeness to P. arenaria, and affords the foundation upon

which a close resemblance might be developed by selection.

There can hardly be any example as yet known which better

enables us to understand the production of mimicry between

forms closely allied but superficially very different in appear-

ance: yet in its production the operation of climatic influence

is extremely improbable, and we are thrown back upon causes

of variation at present unknown and mysterious.

PSEUDACRAEAS OF THE HOBLEYI Group ON DamBa ISLAND as

COMPARED WITH THOSE FROM THE ENTEBBE District.—Prof.

Poutton exhibited a set of the mimetic Pseudacraeas and their

models collected by Mr, C. A. Wiggins in the neighbourhood of

Entebbe, viz. :—

PLANEMA MODELS. PSEUDACRAEA MIMICs.

macarista, E. M. Sharpe, 6. hobleyi, Neave, 6. Also a 2 with

pogaget nelsoni, Gr.-Sm., 6 and 9°. the colouring of the ¢.

macarista, @. hobleyi, 2.

alcinoe, Feld., 2. (This model was

not exhibited. )

tellus platyxantha, Jord. terra, Neave. 6 and @.

paragea, Grose-Smith, g and @°. obscura, Neave, g and ?. (The

3 was not exhibited. )

( -xeH ) )

The above series contrasted remarkably with a set of 17

Pseudacraeas collected by Dr. G. D. H. Carpenter on Damba

Island, on the Equator, in the Victoria Nyanza, about 20 miles

S.E. of Entebbe. Dr. Carpenter wrote of this island on

Sept. 30th, 1911: “It is practically covered with forest and

jungle formed by the running wild of the banana plantations

since the inhabitants were deported to the mainland.” The

various forms and the times at which they were captured—all

except one in the jungle—are shown below :—

DATES IN 1911. FORMS OF PSEUDACRABA.

Ist half May. | 1 6 terra (typical).

Teese Livan lle Qacenna (typical).

1 @* terra (transitional towards ? hobleyi: subapical

f.w. bar white, and fulvous area reduced and pale.

Slight but distinct traces of the fulvous patch at the

base of the h.w. underside).

2nd half Aug. | 2 6 terra (typical).

2 g ” ”

29 ,, (slightly transitional towards hobley?. Sub-

apical f.w. bar pale in one and nearly white in the

other).

Ist half Sept. | 1 3 terra (typical).

1 2 99 ”

2 $ hobleyi (1 typical, 1 with h.w. bar fulvous instead

of white).

2nd half Sept. | 1 2 hobleyi (typical).

(17th-30th.) | 1 @ terra (beautifully transitional to ebscura).

1 g obscwra (with distinct traces of the fulvous colouring

of terra on f.w. inner margin).

1 @ obscura (subapical f.w. bar white as in ? hobleyi,

but narrower, and the remaining white pattern of the

latter very faintly visible.

1. Proportions oF THE Mimetic FoRMS AND OF THE

Mopre1ts.—The proportions in the Entebbe District are well

shown by the following figures, which summarise nearly

* This specimen was captured on the shore.

Ce xent )

the whole of this material collected by Mr. Wiggins between

May 23rd and Aug. 31st, 1909.* :—

PLANEMA MODELS. PSEUDACRAEA MIMICS.

macarista 6... 81 hobleyi 6, ... 35

pogget nelsoni 3, 11 5 @ (with

. a Real $ colours) 1

93 36 (38°7 per cent. of the models).

macarista 9, 39

alcinoe ¢, il

hodleyi 2 , 28 (56°0 per cent. of the models).

tellusplatyxantha 6,75 | terra 5, 7

29 2? eS ? 14 ”? a ? la

89 18 (20°2 per cent of the models).

epaed paragea, 12 obscura, 0

The percentage of the three commonest mimics is thus much

higher than we should expect ; but on Damba Island, so far as

could be judged from Dr. Carpenter’s collections between the

beginning of May and the end of September, the results are

far more astonishing. The only Planema models in the whole

collection are a single female macarista and a single female

pogger nelsoni in the second half of August, and a single male

macarista captured on Aug. 8-9. All these specimens were

taken in the jungle. In spite of the immense predominance

of P. terra, not asingle Planema tellus platyxantha appeared in

the collection, nor was there a single P. epaea paragea. Even

more striking was the absence of P. arenaria, by far the

most abundant Planema in the forests near Entebbe.t

* Quoted from ‘‘Mem. I. Congr. Internat. d’Ent., Brussels,” Vol. II,

p. 483, 1910. This paper contains a nearly complete list of captures, be-

tween the above-mentioned dates, of all the species concerned, except

Planema paragea and Pseudacraca obscura. The proportions of these two

latter were taken from a list recently prepared by Mr. C. A. Wiggins and Prof.

Poulton. In the course of this work it was found that one or two days’

captures had been accidentally omitted from the paper referred to above.

t The results quoted above are not due to the captor’s selection, and,

so far as the limited numbers go, may be depended upon in attempting

to form an estimate of the proportion of models and mimics in the jungle.

This was Dr. Carpenter’s first experience of these extraordinarily close

(¢ Give”)

Not only is there this extraordinary difference in the pro-

portions of the models, but the proportions of the mimetic

forms to one another are also remarkably different from those

of the mainland, terra being far more predominant over

hobleyi in the island than hobleyi is over terra on the

mainland.

2. Proportion oF ‘TRANSITIONAL FORMS BETWEEN THE

Mimetic PsrupacrabAS HIGHER ON THE ISLAND THAN ON THE

Maintanp.—The table on p. xcii. shows a quite unusual number

of transitional forms. Transition is indicated in various

directions,—between ferra and obscura, between terra and

2 hobleyi, between terra and ¢hobleyi, between obscura and

? hobleyt.

3. PosstpLe Causes or THE ABOVE DirFERENCES.—It is highly

improbable that these remarkable differences are connected

with climate or season of the year; for the contrasted sets of

captures were made in almost the same months. The period

was, moreover, long enough to exclude the effects of the

seasons beginning and ending on different dates in different

years. The most probable explanation appears to be that,

in the condition of the jungle on Damba Island, there is some-

thing unfavourable to Planemas, and that, in the absence or

relative scarcity of the models, the mimetic resemblance of the

Pseudacraeas is no longer rigidly maintained by selection.

The pattern of Ps. terra is found among the protean mimetic

forms of ewrytus, L., on the west coast, and even the colour as

well as the pattern in a Nigerian mimic of the male Pl. epaea.*

I suggest that in an area where these mimetic patterns are less

strongly selected, there is a tendency, checked elsewhere, for

them to run into each other, and also to move in the direction

of the western ewrytus forms, from which there can be little

doubt that the mimetic Pseudacraeas of Uganda originally

developed. It is to be hoped that Dr. Carpenter may be able

mimics, and he had not at the time learnt to distinguish them from their

models. He states in a letter dated Dec. 5th, 1911: ‘‘I was much

surprised to hear that I had sent more Pseudacraeas than Planemas, and

thought I had done the opposite.” —E. B. P.

* Figured by Dr. Karl Jordan in the publication of ‘‘I. Congr. Internat.

d’Ent.,” 1910, Vol. II, pl. xxii, fig. 22a. Good examples of. pattern but

not colour resemblance are shown in his pl. xxiii, figs. 26a, 27a.

( xey--:)

to obtain the material, by breeding as wellas by capture, by

which this hypothesis will be confirmed or refuted.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE CourtTsHIe OF PLANEMA ALCINOE,

Freitp.—Prof. Poutron exhibited four males and one female

of Planema alcinoe, captured Aug. 10th, 1911, in the forest

one mile E. of Oni, near Lagos, by Mr. W. A. Lamborn,

under the conditions described by him in the next paragraph,

dated Aug. 13th. Prof. Pouuron said that he was not aware

of similar observations having been made upon Lepidoptera,

in which group the unsuccessful males have often been seen

to disperse as soon as pairing takes place. It is to be noted

that in a family of P. aleinoe bred by Mr. Lamborn the males

emerged Sept. 8th-llth, 1911, the females not until Sept.

16th—22nd.

“‘T found five Planemas in a confused mass on a thin bough.

Careful examination revealed that four were males and one a

female. A male and female were in coitu, both resting on

the upper side of the little bough facing opposite ways ;

another male rested underneath, his head in the same direc-

tion as that of the female, His claspers gripped her abdomen

immediately in front of the claspers of his more successful

rival, the penis of No. 2 being extruded and forced to one

side. A 3rd male grasped a wing of the female so firmly

with his legs that the membrane was crumpled up: he re-

mained motionless. The 4th male grasped and crumpled up

the opposite wing in a similar way, all the time making efforts

to obtain hold of any portion at all of her anatomy with his

claspers.”

TuE Cocoons AND Eaes or THE Bompycrp Motu, NorasuMA

koLGA, Druce.—Prof. Poutton exhibited the cocoon of JV.

kolga together with the moth which had emerged from it.

The compact cocoon itself was reddish, with an outer imperfect

covering of yellow silk. In some cocoons, including the one

exhibited, the silk of this loose and open network formed

dense little masses here and there which, being bright yellow

in colour, much resembled the cocoons of Braconid parasites.

Prof. Poulton had written to Mr. Lamborn to inquire whether

these structures were always present in the natural state, as

it seemed possible that the loose covering had been lost in

(9 evr 3

the manipulation of some of the artificially bred specimens.

Prof. Poutton also exhibited a wall-like mass of egg-shells in

which the arrangement to “break joint,’ as described by

Mr. Lamborn, was clearly visible. This keen observer had

written, Aug. 25th, 1911—

“You will see, by egg-shells now sent, how wonderfully the

eggs are disposed—in the form of a little wall, the eggs being

in rows one above the other and each egg placed so as to

cover the adjacent halves of two eggs below it. There is a

fine opalescence too about the egg mass in a good light.”

These specimens together with the remainder of those

exhibited by Prof. Poutton were obtained by Mr. Lamborn

at, or near, Oni Camp.

THe SpHERICAL Bopirs ON THE CocooNs OF THE HypsID

Mota DEILEMERA ANTINORII, OBERTH., ETC.—Prof. PouLton

exhibited a large family of these moths—80 in number—

together with their female parent, and 67 of the cocoons from

which they had emerged. The exhibit had been recently

received from Mr. W. A. Lamborn, who had bred the moths

from eggs laid Aug. 13-18, 1911. Concerning the habits of

the larva Mr. Lamborn had written, Sept. 19th—

“In regard to the structures like Braconid cocoons I do

not think there is much to add to what I have already written.

The larva spins a few threads in the usual way. The hinder

extremity of the body is gradually raised until it is brought

to about an angle of 20° with the rest of the body, the larva

meanwhile continuing to spin. When it has been in this

position a few seconds the little mass is passed per anum,

the larva ceasing work only during the actual passing of it.

When several little masses have accumulated, the larva turns

round, weaves silk over each and in turn drags each off by

the silk and deposits it in the desired position.”

In reply to further questions as to the details of the larval

procedure Mr. Lamborn wrote, Nov. 12th—

“In regard to the cocoons of Deilemera antinorvi the larva

passes spheres per anum usually one at a time with an interval

of perhaps half a minute between them. Sometimes two are

passed, one following immediately on the other. When two

or three spheres have accumulated at its ana] extremity the

( xevii_ )

larva turns round, weaves a few turns of silk round one and

drags it away to the required position, I believe by means of

these silk threads. It then fixes it by a few further turns of

silk, and then removes the remaining spheres one by one in a

similar way. The silk spun over the spheres is white. The

spheres vary in colour even when first passed, some being

yellowish and often containing one or two bubbles darker

than the rest, others being much paler. I think that the

latter darken with age. The time occupied in spinning over

a single sphere is just a few seconds, and I think the silk

serves asa handle. I have not observed the whole process of

cocoon formation, for it takes some hours, the larvae frequently

commencing at night, and I have not seen the final stages at

all, but I shall look into the various points you mention.”

Concerning the cocoon of the allied southern and eastern

species of Deilemera,—D. leuconoe, Hopff., Mr. G. F. Leigh had

written to Prof. Poutron on Oct. 27th, 1911—

*T noticed what you say about the cocoon, and, in a short

discussion some years ago at the Durban Field Naturalists’

Society, I pointed out this very thing ; for when I first bred

this species I actually threw away three or four cocoons of

the first lot, thinking that ichneumonid parasites had emerged

from the larvae. I have bred hundreds of the insects, of

which there are two forms of imago, one black-and-white,

the other black-and-buff. The larva is_ black-and-white,

slightly hairy, as may be seen in blown specimens sent by me

to the British Museum and Tring Museum. It feeds on a low

plant, but always climbs up on to a fence, wall or trunk of a

tree to make its cocoon. The larva is protected and distaste-

ful to birds, Mantis, ete. The cocoon is formed of a substance

very much like jelly, which, as long as the pupa is alive re-

mains soft; if, however, the pupa dies the substance becomes

dry and shrinks also, The pupae will live if the substance

that forms the cocoon is taken off. The colour of the pupa is

light brown. The cocoon-like bodies vary in tint, but are

generally yellow, although I have had them white like very

small pieces of boiled rice. The duration of the pupal state is

very short, not more than a week. The larva is attacked by

an ichneumon of apparently the same species as that which is

PROC. ENT. Soc. LonD., v. 1911. G

( xevil )

bred from the three Papilios, demodocus, Esp., nieuws, L., and

cenea, Stoll. The parasitic larva, after leaving the host, spins

a thread almost 14 inches long, attached by one end to the

twig of a tree or to a wall. At the lower end of this thread

it constructs a parti-coloured cocoon—grey-and-black. There

is another species of Deilemera I found in the Comoros that

makes its cocoon in the same way. I fancy it feeds there on

the small fig-trees, as I found the pupae only on those trees.”

THE SpHeERIcAL Bopies ON THE CocooNns or THE TINEID

Genus Marmara.—Prof. Poutton said that he had been

shown by Mr. J. H. Durrant the spherical bodies scattered

over the cocoon of the Tineid moth Marmara salictella,

Clemens, and had no doubt that they were secreted by the

larva and passed by the anus as in Dedlemera. It would be

interesting to observe whether any of the common parasites

of Tineids construct cocoons to which the spheres bear any

marked resemblance. At first sight the appearance suggested

is rather that of a mass of spiders’ eggs such as are often seen

in chinks of bark. Here, too, it is important to ascertain by

experiment whether spiders’ eggs are in any way specially

protected.

Although the Tineid spheres are much smaller than those

of Deilemera, each of them is similarly made up of several

bubbles, and the resemblance is so remarkably close that it

is appropriate to quote in this place the observations that

have been hitherto recorded concerning them. The references

to Marmara have been kindly given by Mr. Durrant.

Clemens wrote of J. salictella in 1863 (‘ Ent. Soc. Phila.,”

ii, p. 7; reprinted in Stainton’s ed. of Clemens’ papers on

“Tin. of N. Am.,” 1872, p. 212)—

‘Tt leaves its mine at maturity to weave a white, semi-

transparent cocoon within some crevice of the bark of the tree

on which it feeds or upon the ground. The exterior of the

cocoon is covered with little froth-like globules, which resemble

minute pearls.”

Busck wrote of the same species in 1903 (‘ Proc. Ent. Soc.

Wash.,” v, p. 210)—

“The writer has bred it for several seasons, and gave some

notes before the Washington Ent. Soc., on its unique mode

(o xer=}, )

of ornamenting its cocoon, which deserves fuller treatment.

Such will be given shortly in a separate paper.”

Finally in 1907 Busck stated of Marmara opuntiella, Busck

(in “ Ent. Soc. Wash.,” viii, p. 97)—

‘At the last larval molt it assumes the cylindrical form

with normal legs and spins the characteristic cocoon with the

peculiar globular ornamentations as do the other species of

the genus.”

Tue Arracks oF Tacuinip Fiies upon THE AFRICAN Dan-

AINE Genus AmauRis.—Prof. Poutton exhibited 5 specimens

of Amauris psyttalea, Plotz, being all that Mr. W. A. Lamborn

“obtained from 25 pupae, the rest being parasitized by Tachi-

nidae” (Oct. 3rd, 1911). All 5 butterflies had emerged Sept.

20th, 1911. Seventeen dead pupae from the same company,

12 of the Tachinid flies, and a number of their puparia were

also exhibited. Mr. E. E. Austen had recognized 2 species of

Sturmia in 4 of the flies submitted to him. In the same

letter Mr. Lamborn spoke of another company of A. psyttalea

in which “every single pupa was parasitized in this way.”

Prof. Poulton pointed out the bearing of these and Mr.

Guy Marshall’s earlier observations on the extraordinary

assumption of the late Hrich Haase, that the specially pro-

tected species of Lepidoptera are immune from the attacks of

parasites.

Some ANT-TENDED LycAENID LarvVAE OBSERVED BY Mr. W. A.

LaMBoRN IN THE Lacos District.—Prof. Poutron exhibited

material illustrating the following records received in letters

from Mr. Lamborn—

1.—WMyrina silenus, F.

March 3rd, 1911.

“The food-plant, which bears a fruit much like a little fig,

grows here and there in the primitive forest round Oni camp.

The larva of Zuchromia lethe, F., also feeds upon it, as well as

that of a Sphingid moth. The larvae are green with white

tubercles and are not very conspicuous on the food-plant,

though found in all positions on it, on both sides of the leaves

and frequently on growing buds at the end of stems. They

pupate anywhere ; frequently on the upper side of a leaf. It

aay)

is very common to find the larvae attended by ants of various

kinds, which run all over them, and the larvae do not notice

them in the least even when feeding. The pupae also seem to

attract ants.”

2.—Hypolycaena philippus, F.

March 3rd, 1911.

|: “ The larvae of all these have been found all round about Oni

camp ; for the food-plant grows abundantly in the clearing.

The larvae are found sometimes on the upper side of a leaf

even during the heat of the day, and they are leaf-green in

colour. Both larvae and pupae attract ants to a remarkable

degree. I have learnt that if ants are running about on the

food-plant without flowers, larvae are almost certainly on it,

and if there are no ants I do not trouble to make an ex-

haustive search. My first half-dozen larvae were placed in

a box covered with fine muslin. On the following morning I

discovered that our house ants, a different species from those

on the plants, had eaten a hole in the muslin and were

swarming over the larvae. I then put two thicknesses of

muslin over the box, but the ants again ate it through, and

so now, as they do not seem to hurt the larvae, I do not

trouble to remove them. ‘The pupae are placed indifferently

on upper or under side of a leaf and frequently head down-

wards on a stem, and ants congregate about them during the

whole period of pupation. The ants work hard in an en-

deavour apparently to cover up the pupae with débris. They

heap up little particles of sawdust, larval droppings, etc.,

round pupae on the floor of the box, and some attempt is

even made to cover the pupae on the side walls. I found to-

day on the outside of the roof of the box a little collection of

débris with which ants were busily covering a fissure in the

wood which led through to a pupa on the inner side of the

roof. Some larvae have pupated on the floor of the box, but

this does not affect the wing-development of the butterflies,

for they always seem to find a suitable position in time. I

have from time to time lost other butterflies which have not

been able to develop properly owing to their pupae having

fallen down. By the way, the larvae are usually green, but

(Yer)

T now have a scarlet one of, I believe, the same species. The

pupae are sometimes green and sometimes perfectly grey-

coloured.”

3.—Oboronia punctata, Dew.

The observations on this remarkable species are of special

interest—

Sept. 10th, 1911.

“T made a little discovery to-day which has much delighted

me. In accordance with your suggestion I have been investi-

gating the contents of ants’ nests and to-day found two

Lycaenid larvae. I must write about this when I get perfect

insects. The particular nest of ants was constructed on the

head of a plant [Costus afer] which had borne numerous bell-

shaped flowers. These were eaten down more or less level,

and then the ants had piled up earthy-looking vegetable

débris over the mouths of the remaining parts of the flowers.

I found the larvae each thus sealed up loosely in the base of

what had been a flower. I removed the débris and carefully

brought the flower-head home, and the ants are now again

moving quietly to and fro on it. I think these larvae may

be Oboronias, for these are the flowers which seem to have a

special attraction for them, as I think I have mentioned.”

Sept. 19th, 1911.

** You will have received my first Oboronia punctata from a

pupa. This was found in the calyx of one of the flowers

which I have mentioned, the opening of which was sealed by

débris deposited by ants. I will not attempt to describe the

flowering head, for I intend to send one; but, roughly, there

are a number of bell-shaped flowers springing from a common

dome-shaped base. Only one or two of the flowers come into

bloom at once, and over the other immature buds ants build

up a covering of the débris, themselves occupying the inter-

stices between the buds and keeping their larvae and eggs

there. I have now found several Oboronia larvae, some with

the ants in the interstices, and others in calices from which the

flowers have fallen out or the flower-buds been eaten away,

( ci )

The larva feeds on the flower-buds, biting out a circular aper-

ture through the calyx, by which it obtains ingress, and

gradually eating the bud out till only the empty calyx remains.

The ants, too, enter with the larva and crawl all over it,

stroking it with their antennae, and they are very constant

in their attentions to the pupa too, several always remaining

with it, though the calyx which contained it was put away

without anything else in a glass-lidded box. Some of the

ants’ nests contain a large number of individuals, and I have

not been able to look them through satisfactorily as yet, but

I have obtained 6 larvae out of 7 nests, 2 nests having 2

larvae apiece. I must get some help before I can explore any

more, as the ants bite, and I do not want to cut off the flower-

heads, as there are not a great number. I am trying now to get

a family of Oboronias, but it is likely to be difficult, as the food-

plant dies so soon. I think this plant must be that determined

at Kew as Costus afer, Ker.-Gawl (Scitamineae), a specimen

being sent home in the first consignment of plants.”

The flower-head was sent to Kew and determined as C. afer,

sens. lat.

The next letter (Oct. 3rd, 1911) gave an account of Mr.

Lamborn’s attempt—in all probability a successful one—to

breed Oboronias from a known parent—

“T believe the Oboronias now sent to be the offspring of

the female whose remains are packed with them. She was

eaten by the ants. With a view to obtaining a family of

them I selected a good head of the food-plant in our clearing

at Oni, and cleared it of all ants and their débris, removing at

the same time all dead matter. I went over it again the next

day, and the following morning I pushed it through a hole in

the floor of a box, closing up all the space round it with

cotton-wool. I then put the Oboronia female inside and

covered the box with muslin in front. In the course of a

couple of days the ants got in and formed a nest composed of

sawdust, etc., over the flowering head. The butterfly died

and was mostly eaten up by the ants. I was not able to look

for eggs or larvae, but when I did pick the flowering head to

pieces I found a few pupae which I feel confident must have

been the progeny of that insect.”

( *eili *)

The following observations, recorded in the same letter,

show that all ants are not equally benevolent in their treat-

ment of the Oboronias—

“On Oct. 5th I obtained a half-grown larva of Oboronia

punctata and placed it on a stem on which ‘tree driver’

ants [evidently O¢ecophylla smaragdina, F., race longinoda,

Latr.] were running up and down. The first driver that

came along investigated it hurriedly with his antennae and

then gripped its anal extremity in his jaws and held on.

More ants came down. Some passed on without noticing the

larva, others just touched it with their antennae and then

went on. Seven or eight thus passed it by, and the next ant

stood over its hind extremity and discovered on the dorsal

aspect of, I think, the second segment some material which it

ate. I actually saw it take up the semi-solid material and

eat it. This ant then ran off. The larva meanwhile had

been endeavouring to crawl away, but it was firmly anchored

to one place by the ant which had seized it. Another ant

then came along and seized it by the head and dragged so

that it became much extended. Two more ants then seized

it at the sides. At this point I was obliged to come away ;

but they must have killed the larva, for it was very feeble

when I last saw it, and they doubtless ate it.”

This uncompromising treatment of the larva of O. punctata

is all the more interesting because W. M. Wheeler (“ Ants,

their Structure, Development and Behavior,’ New York,

1910, p. 358) speaks “especially” of @. smaragdina, when

mentioning the “principal attendants” of Lycaenid larvae.

This distinguished authority continues :—

“(. smaragdina in that country [India] and in Australia,

is, in fact, constantly found with many species of the cater-

pillars and often keeps them in the silken nests and

‘cow-sheds’ described in a previous chapter.”

A postscript, dated Oct. 9th, to the letter last quoted,

records that ‘‘a moth larva also lives on the Oboronia plant

among the ants. An imago has just come out.” Mr. Lam-

born furthermore states that the ants pay no attention to

these larvae, which are probably protected against them in

some way. Examples of the moth, the Pyralid (Schoenobiinae)

( \ety »))

Obtusipalpis saltusalis, Schaus, were exhibited with the

Oboronias and the flower-head.

4 and 5.—Lycaenesthes larydas, Cram., f. kersteni, Gerst..,

and L. sylvanus, Drury.

Bred examples of these two species were also shown.

Mr. Lamborn had recorded, Oct. 16th, 1911, of ten larvae

of Jarydas—of which only a single specimen survived and

produced, on Oct. 10th, the exhibited imago—that they had

been ‘carefully attended by ants.” Of the two sylvanus,

emerging Oct. 11th and 12th, he had written in the same

letter, ‘“‘these larvae also were attended by ants: in fact,

the presence of a considerable number of ants attracted my

attention to them.”

Prof. Poutron said that he had written to Mr. Lamborn,

asking him to send specimens of the actual ants in attendance

on each species of Lycaenid larva, as their determination

would add immensely to the value of these most interesting

observations.

THE Foop or THE CARNIVOROUS LYCAENID LARVA, SPALGIS

LeMOLEA, H. H. Druce (S-sievata, HoLtitAnp).—Prof. Pounton

exhibited specimens and gave an account of observations sent

by Mr. Lamborn, which threw further light on the letter

written Jan. 1891, by the Rev. A. C. Good, Ph.D., from

West Africa—a letter from which Dr. W. J. Holland had

inferred that the larvae of SS. lemolea are aphidivorous

(‘‘ Psyche,” vol. vi, 1892, p. 201). The following extracts

from Mr. Lamborn’s letters, together with an investigation

of his material, indicate that their food consists of Coccidae.

“ Sept. 17th, 1911.

‘‘T have now found another kind of Lycaenid larva, perhaps

Spalgis lemolea, consorting with aphides or tiny Coccidae.”

“ Sept. 9th.

** My newest Lycaenid larvae were found on Sunday after-

noon, Sept. 17th, associated on the under side of leaves with

other insects which I believe to be Coccids, I must write of

(ey)

them when the butterflies emerge, but I believe they will

turn out to be Spalgis lemolea, H. H. Druce, for I have seen

several of these near the tree in the clearing, and have not

made out why they come there in the face of a strong breeze

which is now blowing almost constantly.”

“* Oct. 3rd.

“ All the larvae were found among Coccids on a shrub in

Oni clearing. I will send Coccids. Each larva bore a ccver-

ing of grey material, which looked to me as if composed of

east skins of Coccids; and I think they must have eaten

these or their products, for they did not eat leaves. I am

told that the plant they were on is a species of Croton, but I

rather doubt it. The larvae were all found on the under side

of leaves, and always among the Coccids.”’

Rey. A. C. Good, in the letter referred to above, described

these Lycaenid larvae as follows : ‘‘The body was all covered

over with a whitish substance, not a part of the body, and

which I took to be the remains of plant-lice with which the

underside of the leaves on which the larvae were found

abounded. I think that these caterpillars must have fed

upon these white plant-lice, for I could not detect that they

had eaten the leaves” (/. c., p. 202).

One of the larval skins sent by Mr. Lamborn has been

examined by Mr. R. 8. Bagnall, who finds that the grey

material is “ mostly composed of what I presume to be the

‘ woolly’ excretion of a Coccid, but also contains the remains

of an insect which I regard as a Coccid—chiefly on account

of the short antennal joints, short tibia and single-jointed

claw.”

Prof. R. Newstead, who has examined Mr. Bagnall’s pre-

parations, wrote on Jan. 10, 1912—

“The remains in part (portions of detached legs and

antennae) are undoubtedly those of a species of Coccidae

belonging, I believe, to the Dactyloprvinae and nearly related to

one of the following genera: Dactylopius, Targ., Pseudococcus,

Sign., or Hriococcus, Targ. The numerous long hairs attached

to the fragments of skin are, however, quite unlike those of

any species of Coccid with which I am familiar ; indeed, they

( em)

seem to be quite unique, and may belong to a totally different

insect.”

Dr. K. Jorpan remarked that it was quite surprising that

Prof. Poulton’s correspondents in Uganda got so many speci-

mens of Pseudacraea while that genus is generally scantily

represented by individuals in West African collections. He

further observed that among the specimens exhibited were

some intermediates, which supported his contention that

obscura, terra and others are only forms of one species.

BraZILIAN Syntomips.—Mr. W. J. Kaye exhibited a drawer

full of Syntomidae that had been collected by himself in

8. Brazil in the early part of 1910. Allusion was made to

the richness in some localities, numerically as well as in

species, of this family which is very specially developed in

S. America. It was pointed out that there were certain

types of coloration which recurred in widely different and

not closely related species. Instance was made of Mesolasia

paula and Dinia aeagrus, Which although found in the same

district did not fly together, and moreover had a very

different flight one from the other. Similarly Macrocneme

leucostigma was like Antichloris eriphia, yet there was no

confusing the two in the field. A more remarkable case

was Callopepla inachia 9, which was extremely like an

Oenochromine moth, Scea flammea. These insects had, how-

ever, very different habits. The Syntomid flew and settled

on a creeper in the early morning in the full sun, while the

Oenochromid flew slowly in very shady woods. The former

was rapid in its movements and the latter was very slow.

It was hard to believe that this was not a case of mimicry,

for a bird could, of course, fly in the open as well as in the

forest and see the two insects in pretty quick succession.

When settled the two insects were very alike, although in

flight they were so different. Such closeness of resemblance

when the two insects did not occur together was noteworthy

and points to either a great difference in edibility or in the

numerical ratio of the one to the other. At the Alto da

Serra two species of Huagra, EL. azurea and FE. splendida were

always together. It was curious that H. splendida should not

belong to the genus Agyrta, as in Guiana two exactly similar

( evii )

species, Huagra coelestina and Agyrta micilia, belonged to

different genera and there the two were always in company.

On neuration there was no doubt as to the position of

splendida being in the genus Hwagra as placed by Sir G.

Hampson.

Appended is a list of the species exhibited—

Tipulodes ima, Bdv., taken March Ist ; Loxophlebia fininigra,

Kaye, April 17th; TZrichura grandis, Kaye, Feb. 27th ;

Trichura dixanthia, Hmps., Cosmosoma elegans, Butl., March

2nd; Cosmosoma w«anthistis, Hmps., March Ist; Napata

eucyane, Feld., March 2nd; Agyrta dux, Wlk., March Ist ;

Dinia aeagrus, Cram., Feb. 27th ; Dixophlebia quadristrigata,

March Ist; Mesolasia paula, Schs., March 2nd; Saurita

tenuis, Butl., March lst; Mallodeta sanguipuncta, Druce,

March 2nd; Saurita melanifera, Kaye, March 2nd, all at

Guaruja. Sawrita intricata, Wik., Feb. 20th; Isanthrene

pertyi, H. 8. Feb. 18th; Meotrichura nigripes, Heyl., Feb.

21st; Chrysostola dycladioides, Heyl., Feb. 18th; Tewcer sub-

plena, Wlk., Feb. 19th; Correbia lycoides, W1k., Feb. 17th;

Dycladia lucetius, Stoll., Feb. 16th, all at Rio. Corewra

atavia, Hmps., March 6th; Huagra azurea, Wlk., Huagra

splendida, Butl., Feb. 23-March 6th; Leucotmemis bella,

Kaye, March 6th; Callopepla emarginata, W1ik., Feb. 23rd ;

Cosmosoma pheres, Cram., March 6th; Napata splendida,

H. 8., March 2nd; Psewdosphex jonesi, Kaye, March 6th ;

Mesothen perflava, Kaye, Feb. 23rd; Pheia haemapera, Schs.,

March 3rd; Leucotmemis pleuraemata, Hmps., March 3rd ;

Argyroeides ophion, Wlk., March 5th; Nyridela chalciope,

Hiib., March 4th; Amycles dolosa, Wlk., March 6th; Cos-

mosoma hanga, H. 8, March 2nd, all at Alto da Serra.

Argyroeides sanguinea, April 12th; Chrysostola variegata,

Kaye, April 12th; Pseudosphex noverca, Schs., April 12th ;

Cyanopepla orbona, Druce, April 4th—12th ; Callopepla inachia,

Schs., April 4th-l2th; Cyanopepla jucunda, Wlk., April

4th-12th ; Napata castra, Hmps., April 4th-12th; Hurota

hermione, Berg., April 10th; Psewdosphea polybioides, Burm.,

April 13th; Mesolasia melanobasis, Druce, April 2nd—14th, at

Fernandes Pinheiro. JJacrocneme leucostigma, Perty, March

7th-llth ; Cosmosoma plutona, Schs., March 11th; Ctenucha

( eviii )

divisa, Wlk., March 11th, at Castro. Hucereon latifascia,

Wlk., Feb. 16th, at Rio. Paraethria triseriata, H. 8., April

14th, at Castro. Phoenicoprocta teda, W\k., March 27th, at

Guaruja.

Papers.

The following additional note, to accompany an illustration

of Mymar regalis (v. p. Xxvil.) was communicated —

Description of a new species of the Hymenopterous

genus Mymar.

By Frep. Enock, F.L.S., F.E.S.

At a recent meeting of this Society I exhibited a specimen

of a new species of the genus Mymar, which 1 proposed to

call Mymar regalis, Since then I have been fortunate enough

to secure other examples of both sexes. This enables me now

to give a fuller description of the species.

Mymar regalis, Knock. (Plate A., g, 9.)

Pale rusty yellow, shining. Head slightly darker, the eyes

and frontal ridge black. Abdomen slightly darker than the

thorax, with the apical third nearly black. Hind wing thread-

like, two-thirds the length of the front wing, slightly widened

at the apex ; legs paler than the thorax, the apical joint of the

tarsi brown.

g. First and second joints of the antennae yellow, the rest

brown. Apex of the hind wing with five or six long ciliae.

Q. First and second joints of the antennae rusty yellow,

the third and fourth dark brown, the fifth lighter, the sixth,

seventh and eighth almost yellow, the club dark brown,

appearing almost black.

Length -8 mm.

Hab. Burnuam Beecues, Buckinghamshire.

The most manifest difference between this species and

M. pulchellus is the length of the hind wing, which instead

of stopping where the hooklets join the front wing, is pro-

longed for about two-thirds the length of the front wing.

The dilated apical portion of the front wing is slightly

Geer) '")

different in form, and is surrounded by about fifty to sixty

hairs, whereas in J. pulchellus there are only about thirty-five.

The hind wing of the male has five or six ciliae at the apex:

the female has only two or three.

The first specimen was taken by myself when sweeping

grass on June 3rd, as already recorded (p. xxvii). On the

8th and 21st I captured three other examples: and having

taken home some roots of grass from the spot where I took

them, I succeeded in obtaining during July both sexes.

Two females emerged on July 31st.

Mr. Waterhouse captured a male on July 3rd.

The following papers were also read—

“On the nictitans Group of the genus Hydroecia, Gn.,” by

the Rev. C. R. N. Burrows. ;

“On the Dates of the Publications of the Entomological

Society,’ by the Rev. G. WuHeEeEtEr, M.A., F.Z.S.

Vote of Thanks.

Mr. WHEELER mentioned the great amount of gratuitous

help which had been given to him in the matter of these

dates by Messrs. Taylor & Francis, Mr. C. F. Roworth,

Messrs. West, Newman & Co., and above all by Messrs.

Longmans, Green & Co., who had given him the dates on

which they had received every part of every volume from

1834 to 1911. He proposed a vote of thanks to each of

these firms, which was seconded by Mr. J. H. Durrant, and

carried unanimously.

Notices.

The Presipent said he had received a letter from Mr.

T. H. L. Grosvenor, stating that Colley Hill, Reigate, a famous

entomological and botanical locality, would come into the

hands of the speculative builder in February next unless it

were previously purchased by the “ National Trust,” in order

to preserve it, and asking for subscriptions from one shilling

upwards. He added that the Treasurer would willingly receive

any subscriptions that the Fellows present liked to give, and

would hand them over to the proper quarter.

The Presipent further reminded the Society of the Second

al (i sex,”

International Congress which is to take place at Oxford this

year from August 5th to 10th. He hoped that the Society

would be strongly represented.

He also stated that after consultation it was hoped that

the dinner at the Holborn Restaurant, on the evening before

the Annual General Meeting, which the late Mr. Verrall had

for so many years generously given, might be able to be

carried on, and announced that it would take place on

January 16th, the hosts on this occasion being himself and

certain other Entomologists who had subscribed for the purpose.

‘stjeso1 IvwAW

‘ojoYd ‘YIOUT “Pasay

“yaymsquaH *O

( gx j

ANNUAL MEETING.

Wednesday, January 17th, 1912.

The Rev. F. D. Moricr, M.A., President, in the Chair.

Mr. R. Wvyuiz Luoyp, one of the Auditors, read the

Treasurer’s Balance Sheet, showing a balance in favour of the

Society of £32 10s. 11d. On the proposal of Mr. O. E. Janson,

seconded by Mr. W. J. Lucas, it was adopted unanimously.

The following Report of the Council was then read by the

Rev. George WHEELER, one of the Secretaries :—

Report of the Council.

During the Session 1911-12 two of our Honorary Fellows

have died, namely, Mr. P.,C. T. Snellen, of Rotterdam, and

Dr. 8. H. Scudder of Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. ; these vacan-

cies were filled by the election of Fr. Erich Wasmann of

Valkenburg, Holland, and Prof. J. H. Comstock of Cornell

University, U.S.A. The number of Ordinary Fellows elected,

(thirty-four), is smaller than last year, but our losses from all

sources are considerably below the average: seven Fellows

have resigned, three names only have been removed from the

list for non-payment of subscription, while one which had been

removed has been replaced, and the following eight Fellows

have died: M. Jales Bourgeois, Mr. Alex. H. Clarke, the Rev.

Canon C. 'T. Cruttwell, Mr. Albert Harrison, Mr. W. A. Rollason,

Mr. Oscar Silverlock, Mr. F. W. Terry, and Mr. G. H. Verrall.

In addition to these we have received information during

this year of the death of another of our Fellows, Dr. E. C.

Reed, Director of the Museum at Concepcion, Chile, which

took place before the end of last session; our losses therefore

number twenty-one in all, and the additions to our Society

thirty-seven, bringing our roll to a total of five hundred and

(cx)

seventy-seven, again a record number, consisting of twelve

Honorary and five hundred and sixty-five ordinary Fellows.

The Transactions of the Society for 1911 form a volume of

seven hundred and sixty-seven pages, containing thirty-four

memoirs by the following authors: Prof. C. Aurivillius, A.

Bacot, Prof. Mario Bezzi, the late Col. C. T. Bingham, Henri

Boileau, Miss E. Bridges, Malcolm Burr, D.Se., F.L.S., F.Z.S.,

Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S. (four),

K. A. Cockayne, F.L.S., W. C. Crawley (part author of one

paper with H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe) (two), W. L. Distant,

F, P. Dodd, H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe (part author of one

paper with W. C. Crawley) (two), Hamilton H. C. J. Druce,

F.Z.S., Ernest Elliott, F.Z.S. (joint author with Claude

Morley F.Z.S.), H. Eltringham, M.A., F.Z.S., Miss Margaret

Fountaine, Sir George Kenrick, Bart., Percy I. Lathy (joint

author of a paper with W. F. H. Rosenberg, F.Z.8.), Lieut.-

Col. Neville Manders, R.A.M.C., F.Z.S., Edward Meyrick,

B.A,, F.R.S., F.Z.8., Rev. Francis David Morice, M.A. (part

author with the late Edward Saunders, F.R.S.), L. W. New-

man, R. C. L. Perkins, M.A., D.Sc. F.Z.S. (two), Harold

Powell, Prof. O. M. Reuter (joint author with B. Poppius), Rev.

George Wheeler, M.A., F.Z.S., and A. E. Wileman. Of these

eighteen refer to Lepidoptera, seven to Hymenoptera, three to

Hemiptera, one each to Coleoptera, Dermaptera and Diptera,

and three are of general entomological interest.

These papers are illustrated by 58 plates, consisting of

12 chromo-plates, 3 three-colour plates, 2 black lithographs,

3 line-blocks and 38 half-tone blocks. ‘The entire cost of 4 of

the chromo-plates (£54) was borne by Sir George Kenrick, and

half the cost of another by Dr. Chapman, who also gave the

original drawings and blocks for 35 of the half-tone plates ;

Mr. Eltringham gave the drawings for one chromo-plate and

for one of the lithographs, M. Boileau those for one of the

three-colour plates and one of the line-blocks, Messrs. Reuter

and Poppius those for another of the three-colour plates, and

Dr. Burr those for the other two line-blocks. In addition to

these the Proceedings contain one half-tone plate, the original

of which was given by Mr. F. Enock. The Proceedings

occupy one hundred and ten pages, and contain a large

« ear: }

amount of valuable information connected with the exhibits

at the meetings, in addition to several short papers of interest.

The attendance at the Ordinary Meetings has been, on

almost every occasion, very large, and the exhibits during

the year have certainly not fallen below the average either

in number or interest.

One of our former Presidents, Mr. F. Merrifield, again

offered a handsome donation to the Travel Grant, an offer

which has been generously renewed for the coming season.

No other application having been received by the Council, and

Mr. Merrifield having expressed his entire willingness that

under those circumstances the grant should be given in two

consecutive years to the same applicant, Mr. B. C. 8. Warren,

one of our Fellows, was again the recipient, and went for an

entomological tour in the Pyrenees and elsewhere in Southern

France,

A successful Conversazione was held on May the 17th, by

the kind permission of the Linnean Society, in their Rooms

at Burlington House, and the Council wishes again to put on

record its grateful sense of their generosity, owing to which

the subscriptions given to this object by our Fellows have

not only paid the expenses of this year’s function, but have

enabled the Treasurer to write off a debt of over £6, formerly

charged to the general expenses of the Society, which had

been previously incurred on a similar occasion.

Our Society took its share in the successful attempt to

prevent the contemplated alienation of a part of the ground

assigned to the Natural History Museum, and we may con-

gratulate ourselves, as well as the Museum authorities, on the

issue.

A second International Entomological Congress is to be

held in Oxford in August next, from the 5th to the 10th,

at which many of our Fellows will doubtless be present.

The Treasurer reports that after carrying forward to 1912

£15 15s. for subscriptions paid in advance, investing £47 5s.

in Consols for three life compositions, and paying all bills

rendered to date, there remains an available cash balance

in favour of the Society of £32 5s. 11d.

The subscriptions for the year are £11 11s. in excess of

PROC, ENT. SOC. LOND., Vv. 1911. H

( exw, )

1910; an increase of £33 10s. 3d. is shown in the amount

of donations, and a satisfactory increase of £42 16s. 3d. in the

amount realized by sales of Transactions, but there have been

corresponding increases in the cost of their production, the

net balance of £32 5s. 11d. corresponding approximately with

the balance of £30 11s. 10d. for the previous year.

The Librarian reports that forty-seven volumes and a large

quantity of separata and the usual periodicals and publications

of Societies have been added to the Library during the past

twelve months, a list of which will be included in Part V. of

the Transactions. Two hundred and ninety-five volumes have

been issued for home use, as against a total of two hundred

and fifty-seven in the previous year. The Library has also

bee largely used for the purpose of reference.

On the proposal of Mr. Craupr Morty, seconded by Mr,

StantEy Epwarps, the Report was adopted unanimously.

No other nominations having been received by the Secre-

taries, it was proposed by Mr. H. Mary, and seconded by

Mr. A. Bacort, that the Officers and other members of the

Council nominated by the Council be elected en bloc. Mr.

R. W. Luoyp raised the objection that no other names having

been received, the Council’s nominees were ¢pso facto elected ;

this objection was ruled by the Presipent to be effective, and

on the suggestion of Mr. H. Main he declared the following

to be duly elected :—President, the Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A. ;

Treasurer, Albert Hugh Jones; Secretaries, Commander J. J.

Walker, M.A., R.N., F.L.S., and the Rev. George Wheeler,

M,A., F.Z.8.; Librarian, George Charles Champion, A.L.S.,

F.Z.8. ; other members of the Council: Robert Adkin, George

T. Bethune-Baker, F.L:S., F.Z.8., Malcolm Burr, D.Sce., F.L.S.,

F.Z.8., Horace St. J. K. Donisthorpe, F.Z.8., John Hartley

Durrant, Stanley Edwards, F.L.S., F.Z.S., A. E. Gibbs, F.L.S.,

F.R.H.S., W. E. Sharp, Alfred Sich, J. R. le B, Tomlin,

M.A., Henry Jerome Turner, Colbran J. Wainwright.

The Rev. F. D. Moricr, the President, then delivered an

Address, at the close of which Dr. F. A. Dixry proposed and

Prof. W. Barrson seconded a vote authorizing the publication

( sexy)

of the Address, and thanking the President for the same and

for the series of seven plates which he had presented to illus-

trate it, and also for his services during the past session. This

was carried unanimously, and the President replied with a

few words of thanks.

A vote of thanks to the Officers for their services during

the past year was then proposed by Mr. C. O. WaTERHOUSE,

in reply to which Mr. A. H. Jonus and the Rev. G. WHEELER,

the only two Officers then present, returned thanks.

( cxv )

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

Balance Sheet for the Year 1911,

RECEIPTS. |

Cee

Balance in hand, Ist Jan.,

1911, and at Bankers .... 30 11 10 |

Subscriptions for 1911 464 2 0

Arrears... ite oo ed

Admission Fees. 42 0 0

Donations .. 84 911

Sales of Transactions 106 9 6

Interest on Investments :—

Consols... 2 eed. 1455

Westwood Bequest :—

Birmingham 3

per cents. 615 4

——31 9 9

Subscriptions in Advance 15 15 0

3 Life Compositions Boo (3) tl)

£847 7 O

TRAVEL

Ga th

Received from Mr. Frederic

Merrifield PAL (Oe (0)

ASSETS.

Whe

Subscriptions in arrear

considered good ... ... 70 O O

Cost of £1,104 11s. 3d.

Consols. Present value

at the price of 77% on

30th December, 1911,

£851 18s. Od. : 1,044 3 0

Cost of £239 12s. 4d.

Birmingham 38 per cents.

Present value at the

price of 855 on 30th

December, 1911, £204

nb Res y: Bae Shea ease OO OUnO

Balance in hand ... Be) by lil

Additional Assets :—

Contents of Library, and

unsold Stock.

£1,396 8 11

Less total depreciation of £237 7s.

A. Hucu Jones, Treasurer.

3rd January, 1912.

PAYMENTS.

Sy wid.

Printing pak Hee etc. 335 7 O

Plates, ete. aaA 209 910

Rent and Office "Ex.

penses ... LOS aoe

Books and Binding ... 44 1 2

Investment in Consols as

per contra 47 5 0

Subscriptions in Advance,

per contra carried to

1912 ee 15,15 0

Balance in hand and at

Bankers Pe Be

£847 7 O

GRANT.

Said:

Paid to Mr Bs Cl 8:

Warten tc. -<y esheets Zi 10.10)

LIABILITIES.

Cost of printing, etc., Parts 3,4 and 5.

Audited, compared with vouchers and

found correct—

R. W. Luioyp.

ALFRED SICH.

Hamitron H. Druce.

Hy. J. TURNER.

7d. in the value of the Securities.

€ \exyu )

THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,

I Finp it difficult either to speak, or not to speak, of

the unprecedented and most inauspicious circumstances under

which we entered upon the Session now expiring—circum-

stances which were fraught with deep personal sorrow for

many ; with awe, astonishment, perplexity, and disappoint-

ment of anticipations for all—circumstances, which caused

this Session to commence, as no Session has ever before

commenced, with an Interregnum, and but for which, at this

very moment, not I but another would be occupying this

Chair and delivering this Address.

These things cannot be forgotten, but it seems useless and

only painful to dwell upon them. I turn, therefore, to con-

sider facts as they now stand. What may we infer, from

such evidence as is before us, as to the position and prospects

of the Society now and in the immediate future ?

You have heard the Report of the Council, and it cannot

be necessary for me to say over again what is said there

already. You will not have failed to notice the encouraging

symptom of yet another rise in the total number of our

Fellows. Most of you are far better judges than I of

financial matters, and the Treasurer’s accounts are before you

to speak for themselves. I shall only refer to an item which

is surely hopeful—a considerable increase in the profits from

sale of Transactions.

These Transactions to my mind are—not necessarily the

most valuable part of the work which such a Society as ours

does or can do; but at least they are a very valuable part of

it, and certainly they are that part which is most influential

in placing the Society and its work on a pedestal of eminence

in the eyes of the general scientific public. By them, more

( exvall 7)

than by anything else, our credit sinks or rises in those

circles to whose judgment we cannot be indifferent. Even

a straw may show which way the wind blows; and as it is

probable that no copy of our Transactions is ever sold except

to some one moving in the circles to which I have just

alluded, I cannot but infer from a substantial rise in their

sales at least a certain rise in their reputation among those

for whose approval we most care.

I dislike boasting, but I think it is generally allowed that

our Transactions, taken one year with another, are not sur-

passed in the quality of the Papers contained in them, nor the

beauty and scientific value of the Plates, nor the care and

skill with which their Editor performs his thankless, inces-

sant, and most laborious task, by those of any Entomological

Society in the world. And as long as such a standard can

be maintained, without bringing the Society to actual bank-

ruptcy, I am not inclined to “despair of the Republic.”

Scientific societies, I believe, generally manage to exist, as

long as they are doing really first-rate work, and are known

to do so by those who can judge of it.

The full utility, however, of a Society like ours probably

cannot be ascertained either from outside opinion however

competent, or from any definite and tangible facts which can

be expressed in figures or inferred from statistics. Thus I

believe—but from the nature of the case can produce no proofs

of it—that year by year, partly at least through the influence

of this Society, individual Fellows (unknown to me personally)

are being stimulated to do good work (which I am not quali-

fied to put a value upon, even if I knew of it): that (equally

without these things coming to my notice) workers on parallel

lines of research are being drawn by it into helpful association

and intercourse with one another, and made acquainted with

older and more experienced workers in the same line, thus

gaining help, information, advice, etc.,, for which—but for

attending our Ordinary Meetings—they would not have known

where to apply, ete., etc. To what extent this is happening

in one session as compared with another is very hard—in fact,

I should say, quite impossible—to ascertain, and cannot be

inferred from the most suggestive of reports.

tenis +)

However, of the general vitality of the Society in one

session as compared with another—whether it is alive and

vigorous and likely for a while to continue so—we can

probably judge in a rough way from such tests as the average

attendance at our Ordinary Meetings, the number of exhibits,

the amount of interest that appears to be excited by them

and the discussions arising out of them. Here, again, are

matters which can only be partially indicated by reports and

statistics, but then it is always possible to get further indi-

cations by the simple process of attending oneself at the meet-

ings and taking note of what goes on. I myself, for instance,

have been a pretty regular attendant at our meetings during

a good many years ; and without making comparisons, which

are always odious, I should not hesitate to say that the meet-

ings of the closing session have been particularly well attended,

and that as to frequency of exhibits, and the supply generally

of interesting objects and observations—I have only at times

regretted that they were too many to receive proper attention

within the limits of the time at our disposal.

On the whole, putting together what we have heard from

the Council, and my own experiences of our meetings, and

my opinion (so far as I am competent to form one) of the

quality of last year’s Transactions so far as they have been

yet published, I think—and I hope you will think so too—

that the Barometer of the Society’s fortunes points at the

present time to “Settled. Fair.”

Eventful as the year 1911 has been from many points of

view, | am not aware that it has been especially eventful in

matters directly interesting to us as entomologists, or as

Fellows of this Society. Once, indeed, in its course, as we

all know, a black cloud gathered on the horizon; and not

only every entomologist, but every one interested in Natural

History in any sense throughout this country, heard with real

terror that our Government had consented to an outrageous

proposal to deprive the Natural History Museum at South

Kensington of land long ago definitely allocated to it, and

absolutely necessary—I do not say for any adequate future

extension of its buildings, but even for such extension as is

demanded by its immediate and imperative needs. Happily,

( \exx )

saner counsels prevailed. We shall not be so foolish, nor

so ungrateful to societies more influential than our own, and to

individuals outside our own body, who organised the campaign

which saved the cause, as to pretend that it was our own arm

which brought us the victory ; but at least we may feel glad

that, both as a society and as individuals, we ranged ourselves

under the leaders to whom that victory was due, and followed

wherever they led us, till the fight was won. And I am very

sure that nowhere—not in the Museum itself, not in the hearts

of its most potent champions—was there more anxiety over its

danger, and rejoicing over its escape, than in the Entomological

Society of London.

It seems a sort of ‘‘ bathos” to turn from a matter of such

grave concern to congratulate the Society on the successful

Conversazione held by it last May. But it is only proper that

we should remember and acknowledge the great kindness of

the Linnean Society in placing their splendid Rooms at our

disposal, And those who know, as I do, how magnificently my

friend Mr. Wheeler toiled and slaved to make it a success, or

who listened to the Lectures and examined the Exhibits, will

feel that as a Society we owe great thanks to not a few of our

individual Fellows for their public-spirited exertions. Person-

ally, as I had to stand shaking hands at the top of the staircase

most of the evening, my enjoyment was, perhaps, rather mono-

tonous. But I know that the Conversazione was thoroughly

enjoyed by many who were present at it; and I may say that

I know also of more cases than one in which those who were

then the Society’s guests have since become its Fellows.

T ought not to leave unmentioned a coming event in which

at least as individuals it may be presumed that we all feel

interested, and in which at the proper time I hope that, as a

Society, we may be allowed to express our interest. I allude,

of course, to the International Congress of Entomologists which

will assemble next autumn at Oxford, under the presidency of

Professor Poulton. I believe it will be felt not a duty only,

but a pleasure, by every British entomologist, to do anything

that may lie in his power to contribute to the success of that

very important gathering. And for any information that any

one here may wish to receive on the subject, I venture to refer

¢ ;eou )

him to Dr. Malcolm Burr, who will, I am certain, be both able

and willing to furnish it.

The list of losses sustained in the Session now closing by

deaths among our Fellows is not a long one. But such losses,

to be truly estimated, must be weighed, not counted. And so

estimated they are serious indeed.

OBITUARY.

Honorary Fellows.

Prerer Cornetius Topras SNELLEN, of Rotterdam, was our

senior honorary Fellow, elected so long ago as 1885. He

died (wt. 77) on March 29th of last year. He is principally

known by a magnificent work on “The Lepidoptera of the

Netherlands,” the first volume of which (published in 1867)

dealt with the “ Macros,” the second, appearing twenty years

afterwards (when he was already on our roll of Hon, Fellows),

with the “Micros.” Recently he assisted in producing an

important work on “The Rhopalocera of Java.”

SamueL Husparp Scupper, formerly of Boston and after-

wards of Cambridge, U.S.A., was elected Hon. Fellow in 1895,

and died (zt. 74) on May 7th, 1911. He was an Entomologist

of world-wide celebrity, and author of innumerable works deal-

ing for the most part with American Lepidoptera, some of a

popular character, others standard monographs of the highest

scientific importance. The mere list of writings by him which

were in our Society’s library so long ago as 1893 occupies

many pages of the Catalogue published in that year. He

was also a leading authority on the subject of Fossil Insects,

and in connection with his researches on that subject became

further renowned as an Orthopterist and a Neuropterist.

Fuller details of his career and writings may be found in

almost all the leading scientific periodicals.*

Ordinary Fellows.

Oscar C. SILvERLOcK became a Fellow in 1909, and died on

March 22nd, 1911. Iam unable to state his exact age; but

* The vacancies on our roll of Hon. Fellows caused by the deaths

of these two great Naturalists have been filled by the election of Father

ae Wasmann, S.J. (Holland), and Professor John Henry Comstock

(U.S.A.).

(ema ~))

I know that he was a young and remarkably promising ento-

mologist, in whom the late E. Saunders took considerable

interest. In one of his visits to Woking he succeeded in add-

ing a new Bee and a new Fossorial Wasp to the British

List; and as these were found in a locality that had been

frequently searched by Saunders, myself, and many others, he

must have been either a very expert collector or exceptionally

fortunate. He was formerly science-master in a Grammar

School, and at one time competed for a vacant post in the

Natural History Museum. Ultimately, he was employed by

the British South African Company to investigate the “ Tsetse ”

Fly and other noxious insects. His death was sudden and

tragical. He was drowned in the Zambesi River, his boat

having been capsized by a hippopotamus.

The Rev. CHartes THomMAs CruttwEtL (Canon of Peter-

borough and Vicar of Kwelme) became a Fellow in 1902, and

died (xt. 63) on April 4th, 1911.

His career at Oxford University was exceptionally brilliant,

and he maintained his reputation as a Classical and Theological

scholar by the publication of many well-known works on such

subjects. He was also the occupant of distinguished posts in

the scholastic profession, having been successively Headmaster

of Bradfield and Malvern Colleges.

For obvious reasons it was impossible for Mr. Cruttwell to

make much more than a recreation of Entomology. But in

such leisure as he had he was a zealous collector both of Macro-

and Micro-Lepidoptera, and likewise of Coleoptera. He pub-

lished (I believe) on such subjects nothing beyond occasional

records of captures, and I do not remember to have met him

at any of our Ordinary Meetings ; but he was undoubtedly

one who must have attained considerable eminence in Natural

History had it been possible for him seriously to aim at it.

WitirAmM ALFRED Ro.Liason became a Fellow in 1909, and

died at Truro, where he had been Art Master since 1899 in

the Central Technical Schools, on April 23rd, 1911. He was

a man of exceptional gifts and culture in many ways, an

artist, a musician, etc., and also an ardent and laborious

entomologist; and his sudden death, at the age of 48,

came as a great shock to friends and admirers in many places.

(| ox )

He seldom visited London ; and personally I knew him only

by correspondence as to his captures of Hymenoptera in

Cornwall, many of which were of considerable interest, and

of which he published a list in “ Ent. Mo. Mag.,” April 1911,

the month in which he died. He had previously corresponded

with Mr, E. Saunders on the same subject. For many years

he had devoted much time to the British Lepidoptera, and

had executed a series of coloured drawings of their larvae,

with the intention of publishing, ultimately, an illustrated

text-book on the subject. Had he been spared, I feel con-

vinced that he would have made great additions to our

knowledge of the Cornish fauna. He had only studied the

Hymenoptera for a few years at most, but his knowledge

of them was already far from superficial.

ALEXANDER Henry CLArk, who died (xt. 74) on July

25th, 1911, was one of our oldest Fellows, elected so long ago

as 1867. Succeeding his father many years ago as the senior

partner in a leading firm of solicitors in the City, and remain-

ing in that position until his death, he was naturally unable to

indulge his strong natural interest in Entomology to the full;

and of late years increasing age and failing health made it

impossible for him to bea frequent attendant at our meetings,

or at those of the South London Society, to which he also

belonged. But he was to the last, so far as health and leisure

permitted it, an enthusiastic collector of Lepidoptera, and his

name occurs frequently in the works of our leading writers

on that subject—South, Tutt, ete. He contributed frequent

notes on captures and biological observations to the “ Entom.

Record,” and his capture of Orrhodia erythrocephala, F. (then a

great rarity) in 1859 excited considerable interest at the time.

Even his leisure could not be exclusively devoted to Ento-

mology, for he was also seriously interested in many very

different branches of study, e.g. Botany, Ancient History,

and even Assyriology.

Apert Harrison was born in 1860, became a Fellow in

1897, and died suddenly of haemorrhage on the brain on

August 27th, 1911. From 1908 to 1910 he was a Member

of the Council. As London manager for an important sugar-

refinery in Liverpool he was necessarily much occupied with

(. cxxiv) )

its business; but he was, notwithstanding, a serious worker

in entomology, and a most regular attendant, and frequently

an exhibitor, both at our own meetings and at those of the

South London Society, of which in 1899 he was President.

He published little, but what he has published has attracted

considerable attention from competent judges. Most of his

work was connected with the Lepidoptera. He was asso-

ciated with his friend and brother-in-law, Mr. Hugh Main,

in forming a collection of those insects, largely consisting

of bred specimens; and also in breeding-experiments and

observations, mainly directed to the solution of questions

connected with Variation, Inheritance of Characters, Mendel’s

Law, etc. I am glad to see it stated in ‘ Ent. Mo. Mag.,”

November 1911, that the collection and work will be continued

by his fellow-worker. Mr. Harrison was a member of many

scientific societies, the Linnean, Zoological, Microscopical,

Chemical, etc., etc. His interests were by no means con-

fined to entomology; and though, as an entomologist, he

was best known for his work on the Lepidoptera, he was

not unacquainted with, nor uninterested in, other branches

of our science.

Grorce Henry VERRALL, born at Leweson February 7th,

1848, became a Fellow in 1866, served for a short time as Hon.

Secretary and frequently as a member of the Council, and was

President in the Sessions 1899-1900. He died on September

22nd, 1911. Mr. Verrall may almost be called the creator of

British Dipterology, and its present comparative popularity

is undoubtedly due for the most part to his researches and

his personal influence.

Too often, when the chief authority on a special subject

passes away, large stores of accumulated but as yet unpublished

knowledge perish with him. Wemay well rejoice that, in this

case, it is far otherwise ; and that Mr. Verrall has bequeathed

his experience as well as his collections of books and insects to

one who has long shared his labours, and is equipped at all

points to take them up from the point where they were laid

down.

Primo avolso non deficit alter

Aureus et simili frondescit virga metallo.

( ‘exxv }j

Of Mr. Verrall’s great but uncompleted Monograph I am

only qualified to say that it is universally recognised as worthy

of its eminent author.

My personal reminiscences of Mr. Verrall commence from

the time when he was President. I listened, with delight

which I shall never forget, to both of the Addresses which he

delivered in that capacity at the Annual Meetings. Vividly

can I recall the pleasant voice, the polished style, the trans-

parent clearness with which he propounded and justified his

real opinions on a subject, and the merry twinkle in his eye,

as from time to time he startled his hearers with a deliberate

paradox, or made ideas and practices which he disapproved seem

not so much objectionable as harmlessly ridiculous, Strong

common sense, wide reading and experience always present in

the background but obtruded as little as possible, graceful

courtesy to his audience and even to his opponents, and above

all a sort of infectious good-humour which made him simply

irresistible—such are my recollections of him on _ these

ocasions, and, indeed, whenever I have had the pleasure of listen-

ing to him. First and foremost, I must think of him as

naturally a strong and most kindly personality ; secondly, as

one polished and fortified by wide and varied experiences of

men, and things, and the thoughts of others ; and thirdly, as one

of the foremost and most influential specialists of our times.

It was in his capacity as a member of the Entomological

Club, and not asa Fellow of our own Society, that Mr. Verrall

extended year by year to all sorts and conditions of entomolo-

gists those splendid hospitalities which so many of us, have

frequently enjoyed; and I therefore refer to them only to

express my strong personal hope that the institution—for

such it had become—of his Annual Supper may in some way

be perpetuated as a memorial to him. (The perpetuity of

another of his generous and thoughtful plans for the benefit

of his fellow-entomologists is happily assured already by

arrangements of his own making—the preservation of Wicken

Fen.) Also, as only concerning us indirectly (though we are

naturally glad to reckon among our Fellows men of mark

and influence in other spheres), I shall here only allude to Mr.

Verrall’s distinguished and useful career in business, as a

( cxzvi, -)

magistrate, an occupant of many local offices, and a Member of

Parliament. That career may be summed up in a single trite

quotation: ‘‘There was nearly nothing that he did not touch,

and whatever he touched he adorned.”

JuLES BourGeors became a Fellow in 1904. He died within

the present Session, but at what age, and on what exact day,

I am unable to state. He was the chief authority on a

Coleopterous group—the Lycidae ; and I hear that he possessed

an important collection of these insects (containing many

(“types”), which he has bequeathed to the Paris Museum.

He resided, I believe, in Alsace-Lorraine.

Frank Wray Terry, born at Battersea on February 14th,

1877, became a Fellow in 1910, and died at New York on

November 8th, 1911.

The life which has closed so prematurely was full of the

brightest promise ; a life surely worth living, and, in the

strictest sense of the term, an exemplary life.

Commencing in 1892, with his foot, as it were, on the

lowest step of the ladder, as a boy employed in the Insect

Room of the Natural History Museum, he soon became an

expert in the preparation and mounting of objects, and ac-

quired by degrees a good general knowledge of Entomology

and other branches of Natural History. Thus he fitted him-

self to discharge the duties involved in accepting an opportunity

which presently offered itself. In 1902, together with our

late Fellow Mr. Kirkaldy, he was engaged by the Sugar-

Planters’ Association of Hawaii to investigate the life-history

of various insect-pests. His work was performed with ability,

zeal, and success, and to all appearance he seemed destined to

take a foremost rank among economic entomologists, After

eight years thus spent, he revisited England on leave; but he

was impatient, though feeling far from well, to resume his task ;

and it was on his way back to Hawaii that the end came.

Such a career must recall the old saying, not surely a whole

truth, but at least a half truth, “Those whom the gods love

die young.”

Among entomological workers outside our own Society who

have passed away since our last Annual Meeting, I can only

( \cmeviy )

name a few: though doubtless there are others whom, but for

lack of knowledge, I should be bound to mention.

Oscar Scuuuz, the author of important papers on the sub-

ject of Gynandromorphism among the Lepidoptera; Max

WisxorTt, of Breslau, who bequeathed to the University

Museum of that town a famous collection of varieties, gynan-

dromorphic specimens, etc., among the Lepidoptera ; EpouaRD

Prager (aet. 93!), of Neuchatel, author of a great work on

Eetoparasites ; Fenix Piateau, widely known as a foremost

authority on the eye-sight, flight, etc., of Insects ; Dr. Hone-

son, of Redhill, described in the “ Entomologists’ Record ”

last March, on the high authority of Dr. Chapman, as “ one

of our more thoughtful entomologists”; and Mrs. EpiTx

Wot.aston, who shared the travels and studies of her late

husband, the famous Coleopterist, and contributed on her own

account to the literature of the Lepidoptera.

Nor can the list of our losses be meetly closed without

allusion to two great men, whom in common with the whole

scientific world we have had to mourn in the year just past.

Neither, I believe, was professedly an Entomologist, nor

directly connected with our Society (tales cum fuerint, utinam

nostri fuissent /), but each was supremely eminent in his own

department of Biology; and each was an illustrious veteran,

who, like Homer’s Nestor, had achieved greatness in an age

of heroes, and survived to be a leader among their children’s

children—Sir JoserpH Datton Hooker, the prince of modern

Botanists, and to some of us revered yet more, as the bosom-

friend and confidant of Darwin; and Sir Francis GaA.ton,

not a friend only but a relative of Darwin, a chief pioneer in

the scientific study of Heredity (so supremely interesting at

this time to every serious investigator of Nature), and the

recognised founder of ‘‘ Kugenics.”

I come now to the duty, imposed on me by long custom,

but not (I believe) by any positive enactment, of announcing

a “special subject”? and addressing you upon it. That duty

has been described, from this chair, and on an occasion like

the present, as a responsibility which many men might not

unreasonably hesitate to accept, however highly they would

(| exxviii )

appreciate the honour of presiding over the Meetings of this

Society. Per contra another of our ex-Presidents lately told

me that he viewed it, and always had viewed it, not as a

task but as an opportunity. For myself, I know only too

well that I should be taking myself a great deal too seriously,

if I allowed the possible consequences of anything that I may

say to-night either to weigh upon my conscience overmuch,

or to thrill me with exulting anticipations. So without

preface I will announce as my “special subject ”’—

THe TEREBRAE OF THE CHALASTOGASTRA,

or, in plain English, The Saws (so called) of Sawflies.

This is a matter of which it may be assumed that we all

know something; for it would be difficult to name a text-

book or popular work of any kind dealing with Entomology

in general which does not figure the organ just mentioned

and expatiate on its marvellous adaptation to the work in

which it is employed. Summed up roughly, the general

outline of the story comes to this—that there is a Group, or

Genus, or Species (which to call it is usually left to the taste

of the reader), at any rate there is an Insect among the

Hymenoptera called a Sawfly, which lays its eggs in plants,

and that, for this purpose, Nature has armed it with a

marvellous tool, differing (as Réaumur says in an oft-quoted

and highly rhetorical passage) from human saws only in its

greater perfection, and in the material of which it is formed.

This tool is described as, so to speak, the aird ré or absolute

ideal of a saw—the Divine Original, of which the human saw

is an inferior copy—a saw of which every tooth is denticulated,

and thus becomes a saw itself. It is added (after a remark

of Newport’s) that though never ceasing to be “a saw” it is

also ‘“‘a lancet and a file.” With this instrument it saws

“wood,” or “leaves,” or “ stems,” or “‘ branches,” etc. Weare

not, as a rule, told anything as to the exact nature of the

incisions made; whether they are simple holes, or broad

excavations, or grooves, such as our saws make, and such as

might be expected to be made by a “saw of saws.” Now

and then, however, a writer says that the saw “both cuts

and pierces,” or another that “it does not pierce (as a sting

( Sexxix 2)

does), but only cuts.” We may or may not be told that

really it is “not one saw, but a pair of saws,” and that these

play alternately, and help each other, one making a cut

and the other deepening it; and this duplication is, some-

times—perhaps not actually said—but at least hinted, to be

an additional mark of superiority to the human saw. Again

it may or may not be told us that the saw is a “ tenon saw,”

one which has a solid support, or back-piece, to prevent it

from being deflected, and possibly broken, as it travels along.

In the usual descriptions of its form, I think I may say

without exaggeration, that no aspect of it is ever alluded to

except the lateral—that in which practically all entomological

objects are presented in ordinary microscopical preparations.

It seems to be tacitly assumed that, as is really the case

with an ordinary saw, a sufficient notion of its shape for all

practical purposes can be given by disregarding the question

of its thickness and representing it as an object of only two

dimensions. Finally, we learn that the saw, when not in

use, is concealed within ‘a sheath.”

In this 7éswmé, no doubt I have accidentally made

omissions, and probably done less than justice to some of the

authors whose works I have in mind. But I have really tried

to give a faithful picture of the sort of impression which as

a whole they would leave on a reader not caring too much to

inquire into minutiae, but desiring to have a broad general

notion of the facts. Such a broad general notion of pheno-

mena outside the sphere of his own particular studies, is all

that even a professed entomologist can fairly expect, or be

expected, to possess, And as long as the main facts com-

municated to him are true and the inevitable omissions and

ignoring of exceptions and difficulties and apparent incon-

sistencies in the story are not sufficient to put a really false

colour on the substantial import of the phenomena described,

he has perhaps no reason to find fault with the description.

But I think that, as I proceed, I shall be able to convince

you that the narrative which I have tried to summarise, and

which, to the best of my belief, generally passes current as

substantially correct, contains along with a great deal of fact

much also which is fantastic in its exaggeration, omissions

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., v. 1911. I

( ex, )

which really make misconceptions inevitable, and suggestions

of falsehood, even where nothing actually false is stated. The

result is a distorted picture, where even the realities are seen

in false perspective, and which, though ultimately derived

from certain extremely veracious and careful reports of eye-

witnesses, is inconsistent with itself and with the truth.

Assuming that I am correct in this, I think it is not

difficult to see how and why the story has become distorted—

and the same cause, exactly, seems to me to explain its

popularity.

The average intelligent human mind is, of course, not like

a sheet of white paper, ready to receive any marks made upon

it, and to retain them equally. It is more like a photographic

film, sensitive to certain rays and practically blind to others,

and a ray, to take full effect upon it, must have a certain

minimum of strength and fall on it in certain directions. ‘To

drop metaphor, the public which reads and reflects on any

account of a natural phenomenon reported to it by an author

whom it believes to be reliable, and in such a form as does

not tax its reasoning powers too severely, but which is neither

competent nor inclined to undertake an independent investi-

gation of the facts—this public, I say, is strongly impressed

by certain of such accounts, and hardly at all by others,

chiefly if not entirely in proportion as they do or do not

appeal to certain of its own pre-existing ‘‘ Obsessions.” The

average human mind has Tastes of its own, just as the body

has, some of which are especially insistent in particular ages,

but some of them at least seem to be universal, immemorial,

and ineradicable. It has a taste, for instance, and always has

had, for anything which is frankly Paradowical, such as a Fire-

breathing Dragon or a Flesh-eating Plant, or an animal which

can turn itself inside out, or be frozen hard without being

seriously the worse for it. It has a taste for anything which,

if I may say so, seems to run into extvemes whether in the

direction of the Infinite or the Infinitesimal—Giants and

Dwarfs, Aphides producing. offspring by the quadrillion per

annum ; carcases consumed (as Linné says) more speedily

by a Blowfly than by a Lion: exquisitely elaborate structures

only just visible at the highest powers of our most powerful

(" Gxxxi, )

microscopes, etc. Then there is the TZeleological taste which

—to parody Wordsworth’s phrase—-makes the “heart leap up

when it beholds”’ anything in Nature which has the appearance

of Design. We are all, I believe, teleologists of some school

or other at heart, and inclined, I will not say to exaggerate,

but at any rate to lay full stress on any phenomenon—how-

ever we account for it—in which it seems evident that a

structure is advantageous to its possessor and suitable for

the uses that are actually made of it. Lastly, I notice a taste

which may be called the Anthropomorphic obsession—the

readiness ingrained in human intelligence to see its own

productions imitated or anticipated by Nature—that which

makes us pleased and even eager to be told of lower animals

practising human occupations, and employing tools or other

appliances like our own—Fishes which are Anglers or Elec-

tricians ; Communism, Parasitism, and Commensalism among all

sorts of lowly animals ; Insects accepting or refusing Sovereigns

to reign over them, and paying court to them when accepted ;

masons, carpenters, and upholsterers among the Bees; Ants

which maintain soldiers, kidnap slaves, build towns, store

provisions, grow vegetables, keep cows and milk them ; Insects

armed with rapiers, broadswords, poison-flasks and explosives ;

digging pit-falls; weaving nets; carrying umbrellas, lamps,

scent-bottles, fiddles and fiddlesticks, spurs, combs and brushes,

instruments like those of human surgeons, or tools like those

of human workmen. Sometimes, no doubt, such stories rather

amuse than seriously interest us. But even amusement is a

kind of interest, and the things which are able to amuse a

man are no bad indication of his normal mental tastes.

Now what, meaning no offence, I shall for the moment call

the popular legend of The Sawfly and its Saws, seems to

me to appeal to every one of those obsessions or tastes of the

normal human intelligence to which I have alluded.

The phenomenon described in that legend, when first related

to any one, must certainly appear surprising. Nor is it one

which is seen so often as to have become familiar to us and

no longer paradoxical, The almost inconceivable delicacy.

minuteness, and elaboration of the saws is another point which

is constantly pressed upon our notice. And the general con-

(( texsexi |)

ception of an insect which saws wood as we do, but with an

implement which is not only adapted but “ideal” for that

purpose, and which, but for its perfections and minuteness,

would be identical with the saws of human carpenters—

surely this is the ne plus ultra of Teleology and Anthropo-

morphism combined.

So much for the causes of its popularity, but how have thay

affected its truth? Mainly, it seems to me, as follows.

To all intents and purposes the whole of the literature from

which English readers, except a few specialists, derive their

ideas upon the subject has arisen out of a single set of observa-

tions—those of Réaumur on a species previously undescribed,

but identical, in my opinion, beyond a doubt with what is

now known all over Europe as Arge (or Hylotoma) rosae of

De Geer.

These observations were made with extreme care and com-

pleteness in every respect, and reported in the minutest detail.

Réaumur watched repeatedly the living insect in the act of

excavating fresh shoots of the rose, and subsequently laying

an egg in the excavation. He tells us exactly what he saw

from first to last, how much with the naked eye, and how

much with lenses, how the insect stood and generally com-

ported itself, how and when precisely the “saw” became

visible, how it entered the stem, and how much he could see,

or was at times unable to see, of the movements made by it.

Besides this, he gives a number of figures (which I reproduce

in the plates appended to this Address) showing both sexes of

the insect, the excavations, the eggs, and the instrument used

in the operation—this instrument as a whole, and also its

separate component parts and attachments to the body, being

shown in several different aspects, and at various magnifica-

tions. In every single positive statement made by him as to

the facts which he observed he is, I feel certain, absolutely to

be trusted. Only it must not be forgotten that he only pro-

fesses to record the operations of a single species, and that he

distinctly affirms his belief that not all Sawflies work in exactly

the same manner.

It is only when Réaumur sums up the general impressions

made upon him by his observations, that an unprejudiced

( exon )

reader may begin to find him unconvincing. Admirably

honest though he was as a witness, he was also a rhetorician,

and an advocate of particular views. One cannot but feel

that he sometimes exaggerates (or at least over-emphasises)

certain phenomena, and (though never actually suppressing

them) lays small weight upon others, because all through his

narrative he was obsessed by a desire to find the analogy

between the insect’s saw and the human saw as complete as

possible. Even where he recognises and admits real differences,

he seems anxious to believe them to be non-essential. He

might have shown, I think, from his own facts and figures,

that to think of the implement as merely one kind of saw

(however idealised gua saw) gives an inadequate and really

unworthy conception of its actual powers, and adaptation to

several quite different functions. But to show this, or to see

it himself, seems simply not to have occurred to him. Other-

wise, even if it had seemed to him to spoil his story, I believe

he would have shown it! Besides this anthropomorphic bias,

Réaumur was also a convinced and enthusiastic upholder of

Teleology in the old sense of the word. Ido not know what

were his precise theological views, but his attitude to ‘‘ Nature

and Nature’s God ” was exactly that of the eighteenth-century

Deists.

Such, if I can judge it fairly, was the actual story which

Réaumur introduced to the scientific world ; perfectly correct

as to the facts, and told with great clearness and unusual full-

ness of detail—for pure literary excellence scarcely ever

paralleled, unless in our own times by the writings of Fabre—

but soaring into highest eloquence, exactly when the narrator

ceases to narrate, and begins to moralise and generalise.

When, however, that story passed from the original author

into the hands of translaters and compilers of text-books, who

were themselves obsessed by the same ruling ideas as

Réaumur, but were comparatively uninterested in the details

qualifications, and explanations which he had so carefully in-

troduced into his own story—not unnaturally they fastened

on everything in it which was most striking and satisfactory

to their own mental tastes (the rhetoric, the hyperboles, the

strained analogies and so forth), while they omitted, as though

( exxmiv. )

irrelevant and tedious, whatever did not seem to bear upon

the main thesis, namely, that the God of Nature has furnished a

certain insect with the essential archetype of an unimprovable

Tenon Saw.

I feel sure that if any one whose ideas of a Sawfly and its

operations are derived from any modern text-book will take

the trouble to see what Réaumur really had to say on the

subject, he will be simply amazed to find how much more

intelligible and convincing the story is in its original shape,

and will feel as I do, what a pity it is that Réaumur’s

work, which was once in the hands of every entomologist in

Europe, should have become what is called a Classic—that is

to say, a book which every one has heard of and no one

reads !

I will now indicate briefly a few reasons which convince me

that the Sawfly’s implement, as a whole, cannot properly be

called a saw, ideal or otherwise. By saying as a whole, I

mean to save myself from denying that certain small parts of

it may act in a sense as saws. Consider what we mean by

sawing as opposed to other methods of dividing solid sub-

stances. <A toothed edge (the teeth nearly always “set ”’—i. e.

deflected alternately to right and left) is applied more or less

horizontally to some such material as a piece of wood, and

this the ‘‘ teeth” scratch, tearing away and pushing before

them small fragments (sawdust), and gradually forming a

groove of increasing depth, but constant width (this being

determined by that of the “ set”), into which a considerable

portion of the blade slowly and evenly descends. Such a

descent would obviously be impossible if the thickness of the

saw, at any part of it which was to enter the groove, should

exceed the width of that groove, or (which comes to the same

thing) the space included between the tips of the teeth. If the

teeth were not deflected at all, the blade would have to be

thinner still—practically an object of only two dimensions,

length and breadth. Next, the blade being already partly

embedded, the teeth have to go on scratching, and in whatever

direction they move the blade must, of course, move too. If it

cannot do so, the saw is said to “jam,” and the work cannot

proceed. Accordingly, not only must the blade be limited as

( "éxxxv =)

to its thickness, but its surfaces must practically be simple

planes. A piece of corrugated iron could not act as a saw,

however one of its edges might be denticulated. A sort of

“sawing ” may, no doubt, be done with a file or a rasp, but it

can hardly be considered as ideal carpentry.

Now, if we look at almost any Sawfly’s implement in any

aspect but the lateral, we shall notice that it is utterly unlike

any conceivable blade of a true saw. It is generally of very

unequal thickness, and particularly thick in parts of it which,

we know as a fact, do enter into the incisions made by it.

Sometimes it is not blade-like at all, but more resembles a

spear-head, or some horrible barbed instrument of torture or

savage warfare—admirably adapted to mangle substances but

certainly not to ‘‘saw” them. Some even of those which at

first sight are comparatively possible saws (about as much so

as a rasp) prove on closer examination to have their sides

corrugated and armed with erect processes, to an extent which

would make it impossible for them to pass evenly through any

substance less soft than butter. Again, even in the lateral

view of some so-called saws (Cladius, Lophyrus, ete.), it is

seen at once that the serrations do not form a continuous

line of ‘‘teeth” along the lower margin, but run in parallel

rows across the blade (transversely). The notion of a saw

embellished by additions which add to its powers those of

certain other tools, is at first attractive and seems conceivable.

But when any one has really thought out the necessary action

of an instrument shaped like many of these so-called saws on

such materials as they are known to be employed upon, and

has seen the movements made by them when actually so

employed by the living insects, he will inevitably come to the

conclusion that though the process does include a kind of

“sawing,” or perhaps rather ‘‘carving,” this is neither its

sole nor even its chief ingredient. The real essence of the

operation is first to pierce, then to mangle and lacerate, and

also to carve (but hardly to saw in the strictest sense) wntil

a pin-prick has become enlarged into a pocket. There is no

“saw-dust,” no ‘ groove” formed by clearing away and abolish-

ing some part of the material operated on. Even the tooth-

like undulations of the inferior margin, which have obtained

all

( “cusagi- »)

for the implement its popular name, probably never really act

as saw-teeth, and are sometimes only tooth-like in the lateral

view (foreshortened !). There is splitting, rasping, and general

lacerating of tissues by the passage through them of the

entire instrument; and (generally not wpon the so-called

teeth but rather between them) there are certain extremely

minute denticulations (without, however, any “ set”) which

no doubt do the finer parts of the work—that which I called

just now the carving. But a “real” saw—tenon saw or

otherwise—and much more an “ideal” saw—the Sawfly’s

“saw” is not!

Réaumur’s once-famous “ Mémoire ” on this subject appeared

in 1740, and to it, as has been said already, may be traced

practically everything that has been written in this country, as

to the manner of employment of the so-called Saws. But he was

not the first who witnessed and thoroughly investigated the

phenomenon. An Italian physician had put on record some

years before a set of observations upon it, in some ways

hardly inferior to Réaumur’s own. The real discoverer of the

Sawfly and its Saw I believe to have been Vallisnieri, who

published at Padua in 1726 a paper which appears to me in

many ways a most remarkable production. Réaumur acknow-

ledges in the most candid and generous fashion his obligations

to Vallisnieri ; and any one who compares the observations (and

still more the plates which illustrate them) of the two authors,

will see that these obligations must have been very real. I

am glad to have an opportunity for mentioning with respect

a most original and thoughtful naturalist, whose services to

science in general and to Entomology in particular seem to

be almost universally and very undeservedly forgotten.

In fact, except as the eponym of a genus in Botany, few of

us, I suppose, have ever heard of him at all. His works are

now hardly to be procured; though (thanks to Mr. Janson

and Dr. Gestro) I have at last obtained a copy of his treatise

on our present subject, and am able to reproduce herewith its

curious and interesting illustrations on a smaller scale. There

is a copy also in the British Museum Library at Bloomsbury

(but not at South Kensington), and another—a reprint with-

out the illustrations—in the Linnean Society’s Library.

( jexzxyu }

Others, no doubt, exist in libraries; but the above are all

that I have come across. My knowledge of Italian is very

limited, but with the help of a dictionary I have managed

to work through the whole of his observations on what he

calls the Mosca de’ Rosai, and to get a general idea of other

treatises contained in the same volume, and more or less

connected with it (though they cover a great variety of subjects,

and are not entirely confined to Entomology). I gather an

impression that the work was published with two main objects ;

partly to confute views current in his day but now universally

abandoned on the subject of Spontaneous Generation ; and

partly to suggest a scheme of his own for a fresh classification

of insects based entirely upon the differences of their life-

histories. This notion, I must think, has proved to be some-

what of an ignis fatwus ; for we all know now that similarities,

whether of structure or habits, may be merely analogical and

indicative of no real affinity; and yet I do not think that

such a notion would have occurred at all at the beginning of

the eighteenth century to a man who was not somewhat in

advance of his contemporaries, and certainly @ priori it is not

without considerable plausibility. However, returning to my

present subject—the story of the Sawfly—I am bound to say

that Vallisnieri’s treatment of it gives me a high idea of him,

as a careful and thoughtful observer, an admirable describer,

and a learned all-round naturalist and man of letters. Almost

at the beginning of his account he makes a remark, which

later writers (as far as I know) have not repeated, and which

seems to me to be one of the most sensible and suggestive

things that have yet been said on the subject—namely, that the

process is analogous to that of ploughing ; it is furrowing of a

suitable soil for the reception of seeds to be presently sown in

it. This, to my mind, is both a truer and a more far-reaching

simile than the more obvious one of the saw: it takes into

account the ultimate objects of the whole operation ; it gives a

truer notion of that which is most essential in the form and

working of the organ—namely, that, whatever else it be, it is

most certainly and obviously a wedge, and must inevitably act

as such on every substance which it penetrates : 7. ¢. it proceeds

mainly by pushing and, as it were, “ shouldering ” asunder the

(exxviti

material through which it passes, dividing it more by splitting

than by scratching, though it may at the same time, and, no

doubt, does, lacerate them in more ways than one. Thus it is

with that primitive type of plough, so well described by Virgil,

and still, as I am assured, surviving in Italy, certainly till

quite recently, and very likely to the present day. So it is

with many other weapons and tools both artificial and natural,

spear- and arrow-heads, pointed stakes, and conical bullets ;

nails, screws, and drills ; tusks, horns, claws; and even the

radicles of germinating plants. All these are essentially

“ wedges,” and act accordingly. And it is to this class of tools

—and not to that of tools which proceed, like a saw, by

scratching particles loose and removing them in the form of

sawdust—that I should refer the Sawfly’s implement, in

consideration both of its form, when viewed all round, and

not (as it too often is) in one aspect only—literally a ‘‘ one-

sided view” !—and also of its actual progress through the

material operated on, as I have repeatedly watched it in the

operations of the living insect.

I fear I am growing tedious, but I want to make clear one

chief object of my Address. For the conception of the ideal

saw, I want to substitute the conception of an elaborate and

complex organ of quite another type—rather an ideal wedge,

whose essential powers are supplemented by others, 7. e. it can

rasp, scour, and otherwise lacerate, according to peculiarities

of armature in particular cases ; but, on the whole, it cleaves

its way, as a ship’s prow through the water, or a ploughshare

through the soil. If I can make this point clear, I shall be

able to say much of what remains to be said more briefly, and

with less of tiresome detail.

I shall now enumerate the separate pieces of which the

complex organ, called as a whole the terebra, invariably con-

sists. Of these there are ten in all, or it would perhaps be

better to say jive pairs ; each piece being duplicated—simply,

I believe, because of the general principle of bilateral sym-

metry which we find in every insect-structure, and not because

of any advantage which such duplication gives to the organ

for performing its special functions. The same number of

pieces, similarly duplicated, occur in the corresponding organs

(CASGxexTx > ))

of the Aculeate Hymenoptera, where the function is quite

different ; and also (as Lacaze-Duthiers has shown) in many

insects belonging to other orders. Of these five pairs, three

are completely chitinised, and these are visible at all times, as

parts of the insect’s exoskeleton: they never actually enter

themselves into the substances which are excavated, but serve

only (1) to protect the two other pairs (which do enter the

incisions) when they are not thus occupied, and (2) to com-

municate to them certain of the movements which they have

to make.

Two of these chitinised pairs of pieces make up what is

commonly called the “‘saw-sheath.” It is not, however, a

sheath like that of a sword, enclosing the implement all round ;

but only in the sense in which the handle of a clasp-knife

might be called a “sheath” for its blade. The terebra,

however, is in two respects at least unlike a clasp-knife ; inas-

much as (1) when the blades become sheathed their cutting

edges face outwards and not inwards, and (2) while sheathed

it is concealed entirely. ‘The third pair of chitinised pieces

appear to act as levers, producing movements (of advance and

retreat alternately) in the cutting instrument itself. They are

called, after Kriapelin, “the triangular plates.”

As for the tool itself, it consists of two pairs of pieces—not

completely chitinised, but partly corneous, and partly frail

and membranous. As a whole, it is commonly called the

ovipositor, and the ovipositor it is: but, regarded as to its

penetrating functions, and its characters indicative of such

functions, I shall venture to call it the Scalpellum—anglicé

“penknife,” or (as surgeons term that type of blade) a

‘ scalpel.” ;

The upper (or posterior) pair, often called the “ supports,”

are partially bound together above (by membrane at least), or

even practically soldered together ; and are also articulated to

the base of the ‘“saw-sheath,” and fied (by a wire-like pro-

longation of their inferior thickened margins) to the body of the

insect ; so that neither of them can advance, or retire, without

being accompanied by the other, nor can they ever move away

from the saw-sheath altogether, but only be rotated on its base,

as on a pivot. Viewed from beneath, they appear as a

(hex) y)

cylindrico-conical trench or half-tube, which narrows gradually

towards its apex; their sides are ribbed or corrugated, and

are sometimes armed with spine-like projections, pencils of

strong bristles, etc., ete. (See Plate Il, Fig. 10.)

The “ saws,” as they are commonly called, viz. the lower (or

anterior) pair of the two pairs which together make up the

scalpellum, are not actually connate, either with each other, or

with the supports ; but, like the latter, they are ‘‘ wired” to

the insect’s abdomen, and also are connate with (indeed they

seem actually to grow out of) a portion of its ventral surface

—this portion not being chitinised any more than are the

‘‘saws” themselves. They are completely separable from the

“supports” by dissection, but, I believe, never are so separ-

ated in the living insect. Whether ‘‘ sheathed ” or in action,

their wire-like and shallowly sulcated upper margins cling to

the under margins of the supports, along which they can slide

backwards and forwards, on the principle of “flange and rail,”

but from which they never actually part company. Unless, per-

haps, at their inferior margins, it is impossible for them to be

in actual contact with each other ; and I believe that, in fact,

each makes cuts or scratches entirely by itself, independently

of the other. These inferior margins are nearly always visibly

serrate, or serrately undulate, in a particular point of view,

viz. the lateral; but, as I have already said, the real cutting

effected by them is probably due to other almost incredibly

minute (and really saw-like) denticulations. Often the sides

of the “ saws ” are armed with rasp-like processes, and usually

obliquely corrugated—these corrugations more or less cor-

responding with those of the ‘“‘supports”’; and it is the apices

of these corrugations that form the projections commonly

spoken of as ‘the teeth.”

I must pass entirely over the special and often very para-

doxical forms assumed by some of the above ten pieces in the

terebrae of particular genera and species. The phenomena are

extremely interesting, but it is simply impossible to discuss

them adequately now ; and any one interested in the matter

can easily examine them for himself. I will merely refer to

various examples of them which are to be found in the Plates

accompanying this paper.

(“exis )

We all know that the saws of human workmen differ much

both as to shape and size in general, and as to particular

details (as the size and form of the individual teeth, the spaces

between them, their wider or narrower “ set,” etc.). Carpenters

and cabinet-makers have their rip-saws, dovetail-saws, keyhole-

saws, etc. Special types of the same tool are employed by

workers in metal. More than twenty “named varieties” of

saw are listed by the dealers in surgical instruments—e. g. the

spoon-saw (a type in which I seem to recognise certain peculi-

arities shared by it with the Sawflies’ organs), the amputation-

saw, ete. Every such variation in form indicates some difference

in the circumstances of its use, ¢.g. as to the precise nature

and situation of the incision to be formed or the character of

the material operated on—seasoned timber, sappy living wood,

gold, copper, ivory, bone, ete. And an expert would recognise

at once in any such case the function especially associated with

the peculiarities of a particular type of instrument, and could

infer the former from the latter or vice versa.

One would expect to find similar correspondences between

form and function in comparing the many varied types of

natural “saws.” The substances on which they operate differ

physiologically in their essential structure, comprising, e.g.

acrogenous, exogenous and endogenous organisms. Some, again,

are comparatively dry and hard, others very moist and ad-

hesive. The incisions produced vary in shape and situation ;

and the precise actions required to produce them must vary

also. Notwithstanding, I have so far quite failed to establish

any such undoubted correlation between the special characters

of particular “ saws,” or types of “ saw,” and the differentiae of

the operations performed by them. I cannot but think that

some interesting results would be obtained from an investiga-

tion of this matter, embracing a thorough study of the

structures and operations of all the known species, But such

an investigation could be made only by an entomologist who

was also an expert in botany, in physiology, and in theoretic

and practical mechanics.

Nor can I believe that, even so, it could be made possible to

infer in every case the functions from the structure. It does

not seem to be at all a universal law, that an organ is more or

( exli »)

less highly developed and elaborated in accordance with any

obvious peculiarity in its actual work. And it is certain—a

fact which for many reasons I find exceedingly puzzling—that

some ovipositors, apparently highly adapted for employment

as excavating tools, are in reality never so used at all; but are

possessed by insects which either make no visible perforation

whatever, or at most just prick or scratch slightly the surfaces

on which they oviposit, and leave the eggs not embedded in

their resting-place, but merely adhering to it.

I come now to another matter which very much interests

me, but with which I can now deal only in a most cursory and

inadequate way, viz. the actual relation of those ten “ pieces ”

to the original abdominal-segments, out of which we must

suppose them to have been developed by adaptation to their

present functions. Briefly, I regard the abdomen of a Sawfly

as consisting theoretically of ten segments, each having two

distinct components, one ventral, the other partly dorsal and

partly lateral (but with no visible differentiation of the sides

and the back—the lateral regions, however, being indicated in

all the segments except the 10th, by bearing each a spiracle).

Of these segments, or (as Packard calls them) “ uromeres,” the

Ist or basal one (=the “ propodeum ” or “ median segment ”’) is

practically incorporated during pupation into the complex struc-

ture called the thorax, and is often ignored in enumerations of

the abdominal segments. The 10th and 9th are to a certain

extent fused into one, which bears one pair only of spiracles,

but, at its extreme apex, a pair of lateral palpiform appendages,

called the cerct. This fusion occurs, I believe, not during

pupation but in the embryonic stage. So at least I understand

the statements which I find in books which I have consulted

on this matter. Uromeres 2 to 7 can be recognised without

difficulty as complete rings or annuli (each with its two plates

and its pair of spiracles) in the imago of every 2 Sawfly. The

dorsal, or dorso-lateral, plate of uromere 8 is also normal ; and

the dorsal plate following this and forming the apex of the

entire dorsum is also normal in its general appearance, except

as to bearing cerci—though, as aforesaid, I take it to be

really compounded of two uromeres, the 9th and the 10th,

The ventral plates of uromeres 10, 9, and 8 are represented, I

C sexi, »)

believe, by the entire terebra, inclusively of its chitinised and

corneous pieces and the membranous connections uniting

them.

Of the chitinised paired “ pieces,” I refer the pair forming

the apex of the ‘“‘saw-sheath” to the 10th uromere, those

which form its base to the 9th, and the pair which act as

levers (=the “triangular plates” of Kripelin) to the 8th.

I draw this inference from their actual positions and attach-

ments to one another, which I cannot account for to my

own satisfaction on any other view: but I cannot pretend to

have traced their ontogenetic development, which alone could

settle the matter finally. Of the non-chitinised pairs, I refer

the so-called ‘‘supports” to uromere 9, and the so-called

‘‘saws” to uromere 8. But here, again, I have only studied

the phenomena in the imago.

I shall now make a few remarks on the movements which

are mechanically possible to an organ constructed and situate

as is the scalpellum, and which I have actually witnessed

as made by or occurring in it. 1.—As a whole, it can be

pushed by pressure from behind into any substance suffici-

ently yielding, completely up to its hilt, i.e. up to its junction

with the sheath ; but no farther, because the sheath never

itself enters the incision. In this movement its part is

entirely passive, as when a nail is driven home by taps or

pressure on its head. 2.—Also as a whole (‘‘supports” and

“saws” together, it can be rotated by muscles contained in

the saw-sheath, the base of which serves it for a pivot. In

this case, if the base of the saw-sheath remain stationary, the

point of the scalpellum describes an are of a circle, but, if the

pivot move the are described is (roughly speaking) that of

an ellipse. (Bearing the above facts in mind, it becomes

possible to calculate from the length of the scalpellum and

the extent to which its base is known to move, the maximum

depth and breadth of such an incision as can be formed by it.)

3.—However the “supports” move, the “saws” must be

carried along with them, moving in this respect only as

passenger's, and not independently. 4.—The “supports” have

no entirely independent motion, either together or separately ;

except that, to a limited extent, they can stretch asunder

( Texliv: 4

laterally, and so widen and again contract the space contained

between them (e. g. during the passage between them of an egg

for which they have helped to form a nidus.) 5,—They can,

however, do, and even must, take a part, which may be called

independent, in performing the processes of excavation and

oviposition. Their mere form compels them to act as does a

wedge, and their special armature in particular cases involves

their performance of various other functions, which may be

summed up in the general phrase, ‘laceration of the tissues

through which they travel.” 6,—The so-called “saws”’ have

separate motions of their own, independent of such as are

communicated to them by the supports. These movements

are limited, however, to sliding backwards and forwards,

along the lower margins of the supports, to such an extent as

their attachment to the abdomen permits. And these are the

only movements made by them, wnless the supports move also,

7.—The entire process is the work of the scalpellum as a

whole ; the characters indicating its wedge-like action reside

mainly in the “supports”; those which entitle it to be

called in any sense a ‘“‘saw” must be sought in the lower

margins of the so-called “saws proper,” those which enable it

to act as a “rasp” or “comb,” partly in the sides and back

of the supports, and partly in the sides of the saws.

And now, to the few detailed records of observations on the

operation as performed by the living insects which are vouched

for by their authors as witnessed by themselves—and it is

surprising how few they are; in fact, I can only cite three

such records, those of Vallisnieri, Réaumur, and Newport,

though I dare not deny that others may have escaped my

notice—however, to these few signed affidavits of eye-witnesses

1 will add another of my own.

In the summer of 1910 I was enabled through the great

kindness of a correspondent—Miss Ethel Chawner, of Lynd-

hurst, who has long studied the habits of these insects and

immensely increased our knowledge of them, and who (I am

pleased to add) is a Fellow of this Society—to observe the

phenomenon repeatedly in the case of a species, viz. Phymato-

cera aterrima, Klug, whose particular method of operating, and

the nature of the material on which (by preference) it works,

¢ ‘ealy. )

make it especially easy to observe its operations satisfactorily.

This species is normally attached to Polygonatum (anglicé

Solomon’s Seal), and works by forming a continuous series

of pouches situated between the outer cuticle and the inner

substance of a stem, which cuticle is so far transparent that,

even when the scalpellum has become buried under it “ up to

the hilt,” every part of it and every movement made by it is

still distinctly visible. The creature becomes so absorbed in

its work that it can be taken up, stem and all, and watched

even with a lens of short focus, without the least risk of

frightening it, or causing it to fly away. (The species observed

by Réaumur and Vallisnieri form pockets between the rind

and inner substance of young rose-stems; and the former

author notes that, while the instrument was actually buried

in the stem, its movements could be followed by the eye no

longer.) Phymatocera is also a much more rapid worker than

Arge, working no doubt on more unresisting materials: so

that many more repetitions of the process can be witnessed

during a given time than is the case with Arge; and yet it

works with such deliberation, that there is full time to note

the different movements of the scalpellwm, and the effect

produced by each on the substances traversed by it.

Early on the morning of May 18th, 1910, the weather being

at the time particularly bright and snnny, I opened a box

received on the previous night from Miss Chawner, and found

in it three freshly emerged 9? of Phymatocera, and the

earthen cocoons from which they had emerged during their

journey—also a small stock of Polygonatum (leaves, flowers,

and stems). I cut three stems toa convenient length, stuck

them upright in earth at the bottom of a glass jar covered

above with fine netting, introduced the insects into the Jar,

and awaited results. Almost immediately one of the insects

flew on to a stem; walked slowly not quite up to (but nearly

up to) its top; and then turned round, and stood quite still,

head downwards. Its position was perfectly normal and

symmetrical, like that of a fly at rest on a window-pane. It

might have been standing to have its photograph taken!

The tarsi of each leg were evenly stretched to their full

length, but slightly curving so as to clasp the convex surface

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., v. 1911. K

( cxlva }

of the stem transversely, the insect standing practically on

the apices of its tibiae, which themselves were perpendicular

to the stem. The wings were folded; the antennae evenly

porrected and motionless—as indeed was the whole insect,

except the apex of its abdomen—during the entire process.

No part of the creature actually touched the stem, except the

tarsi and the apices of the tibiae, until the work actually

commenced ; head, thorax, and abdomen formed, as it were,

a straight line, parallel to the longitude of the stem.

Presently the apex of the abdomen was moved slowly, as

though in hesitation, towards the stem, till the hairs clothing

the apical plates of the saw-sheath (but not these plates them-

selves !) appeared to touch it. I was convinced, and so still

am, that these hairs were feeling and exploring the material

with their sensitive tips. After a moment or two, the insect

seemed to have satisfied itself that all was as it should be.

The saw-sheath was again lifted into its original position,’

and the scalpellum was gradually protruded—looking exactly

like the blade of a penknife as one opens it, only that its

cutting edge (or rather edges) faced away from, and not

towards, the handle—till it stood out at right angles to its

sheath (or as nearly so as can be stated of an object which

was not strictly rectilinear). Next, it was driven or pushed,

not all at once but by a succession of stabs, into the stem

(as a nail is by a hammer—the hammer in this case being the

whole tip of the abdomen), until it was completely embedded

in the stem, and the base of the saw-sheath was in actual

contact with the latter, so that progress in this direction was

necessarily now arrested. It did not pierce the stem directly

towards its centre, but somewhat obliquely (on this occasion

on the right of the insect’s body, but in other cases I have

seen it turned towards the /eft/). Consequently no part of

the scalpellum became much more deeply sunk below the

surface of the stem than another; and its apex was at all

times as clearly visible as its base. Directly it entered the

stem (the tip of the support, as I think, actually commencing

the incision) the saws began to slide backwards and forwards,

driving their pointed tips further and further into the material,

of course in the same direction as that in which the whole

(exivir }

scalpellum was moving. ‘Their advances and retreats in no

way synchronised with the movements of the latter as a whole.

And, so far as I could see, the movements of the two saws

were independent of each other. They were certainly not

simultaneous, nor did they seem to me—as both Réaumur

and Vallisnieri state—to follow each other in regular alterna-

tion. My impression was that each saw from time to time

encountered and overcame more or less resistance from the

material, and that the pace at which they were moving varied

accordingly. During its descent the scalpellum as a whole

occasionally slightly (but only very slightly) altered its

direction ; now pressing its back, and now its sides, against

the sides of the incision, and so widening the latter slightly

in one direction or another. Thus it descended, till it was

buried up to the hilt in a deep hole, or as it were a sheath,

whose dimensions were practically identical with its own.

At this point the modus operandi completely changed. Very

slowly and gradually, and with occasional retreats in an

opposite direction, the tip of the scalpellum began to move

round in an arc towards the basal part of the insect’s venter,

the saws all the time continuing to slide, so that they were

cutting their way, and were also being carried by the

supports, in the direction in which the whole instrument was

now rotating. The effect of this was particularly conspicuous

at the mouth of the incision, which could distinctly be seen

to be growing gradually into a long clean-cut slit (situated

longitudinally as regards the stem), Meanwhile, the insect’s

abdomen, before quite straight, became a little hunched. Its

tip, and accordingly also the base of the saw-sheath and that of

the scalpellum itself, drew slowly more and more towards the

thorax. ‘This movement pressed the cutting edges harder and

harder against the tissues which they were severing, and the

slit forming the mouth of the whole incision grew longer and

longer. All the while, the whole serrated and denticulate

edges of the “saws” were hard at work, sliding faster and

faster, and being pushed harder and harder, in the direction

towards which they were advancing, by the pressure from

behind, caused by the movement which the instrument as a

whole was making, viz. swinging round on its pivot-like (but

K 2

( exlviii )

moving) base further and further in that direction in which

it was originally projected. Reflection will show how this

movement was sure to end, and did end. The scalpellwm

ultimately worked its way towards the insect’s belly till it

had worked itself clear of the stem altogether, and left behind

itself a more or less quadrant-shaped pouch or pocket, as deep

as its own length and slightly longer at the mouth than it

was deep. The sides of this pouch were scoured and torn,

bleeding sap profusely, owing to the manglings which had

created it—the wound, in fact, was such as would result from

thrusting a spear-head into living flesh and tearing it out

again, not perpendicularly but in a lateral direction.

The nidus being now completed, the insect prepared for

oviposition. The hunched abdomen straightened itself out

again ; and the scalpellwm returned to its “ half-cock” position,

just as it stood before the incision commenced. It then re-

entered the stem precisely at the point where it had first

entered it, and once more buried itself up to the hilt, on this

oceasion naturally meeting no resistance worth mentioning,

but still appearing to proceed with a certain amount of

circumspection, and, as it were, to grope about with its tip,

in search of the absolute bottom-corner of the pocket. This

reached, a long greenish egg was extruded from near the

base of the saw-sheath, entered the base of the scalpellum,

and was gradually pushed or squeezed along its hollow

interior, till it tumbled out from between the two “saws”

not at but just before their apices, and so rolled into the

bottom of the pocket. The sca/pellwm was immediately pulled

straight upwards out of the pocket by the reascending tip of

the abdomen, and the process was completed.

I should have said that the passage of the egg into the

interior of the ovipositor (= scalpellum) was accompanied by

strange and quite indescribable agitations at the base of this

organ—it seemed to wriggle and rock like a cork tossing among

big waves. According to both Réaumur and Vallisnieri, not an

egg alone, but a drop of some viscous venom is extruded from

the abdomen, for the purpose, as they suppose, of preventing

the wound in the plant from healing up again. This I can

neither affirm nor deny from my own observations. The

( Vexlix })

wound was undoubtedly flooded, and the scalpellum smeared

(and perhaps somewhat clogged) by messy green semi-fluid

matter. But whence exactly this proceeded I could never

quite feel sure.

The first egg being thus laid, the insect at once proceeded

to repeat the entire process. She walked one step down the

stem, and stood exactly as at first. The tip of the ovipositor

was again inserted, this time not into entirely new ground,

but into the lower corner of the slit which had been made

already in the cuticle ; accordingly it 7e-entered the completed

pocket, but at that part of it which was most distant from

the corner which contained the egg already laid. This being

so, if we remember that the pocket was a sort of quadrant,

it will be apparent that, before the scalpellum could again

become completely buried, it would once more encounter

resistance, and would have to commence the stabbing process

once again, and, in short, to start a fresh incision opening

(so to speak) out of the first one. This is what it did. It

stabbed its way along, till again it was buried up to the hilt

in a hole of nearly its own dimensions ; and then, exactly as

before and by identical movements, expanded this hole into

a sub-quadrant-shaped pocket: again came out of the pocket,

and returned to ‘‘half-cock,” etc., etc., as before described.

Then followed the second oviposition, which was throughout

a precise replica of the first. So now two eggs lay each in a

little corner or nidus of its own, at an equal distance from the

long clean slit which was the mouth of the entire excavation.

Another step downwards by the insect succeeded, and

again as before a pocket was formed and an egg laid in it.

And so the work went on without interruption for an hour

and a half, while I watched it through a hand-lens of con-

siderable power. During this time 15 eggs in all were

duly deposited (all in one long line and approximately equi-

distant from one another), and a pocket formed to receive

another. But, at this point, something went wrong. An

egg was produced, but for some reason failed to enter the

ovipositor, and tumbled to the ground. Thereupon the insect

struck work, and my observations had to cease.

(gel)

However, I had many opportunities of repeating them, both

on the three insects first received (as aforesaid) from Miss

Chawner, and on dozens of others which were either sent to

me by her afterwards, or emerged from earth-cocoons received

from the same source. The operations were always exactly

similar; except that the number of eggs laid in immediate

succession varied from 3 or 4 only, in some cases to as

many as 20 (and possibly even more in others). The insects

were indefatigable, and prolific almost beyond belief. My

first three females produced more than a hundred eggs before

they were three days old! All these eggs were produced

parthenogenetically, and from most of them in due course

came larvae, which fed and fattened on the backs of Poly-

gonatum leaves (see Plate I, Fig. 2) with which from time to

time I supplied them.

I found by trying a few experiments, that it made no

difference whatever to the insects whether I planted the

stems upright, or obliquely, or upside down. Nor did they

care themselves whether they moved as they worked upwards

or downwards. Two would sometimes work on the same

stem at the same time in opposite directions. But they

never attempted to work transversely to the stem; and

though I will not stop to prove it, I think it would be

easy to show that they would have been very foolish to

attempt it.

Sometimes I tried them with other plants than Poly-

gonatum. These were generally examined by the insects,

but not approved. Sometimes, however, they consented to

work on stems of Convallaria (Lily of the Valley), forming

rows of confluent pockets in the usual way, and depositing

eggs which I believe duly produced larvae. Once, also, a few

eggs were laid in the usual style on some other plant. I

have unluckily mislaid my original note on this; but, if my

memory serves me, the plant was an /7vs.

Once, when an insect had just completed her ovipositions,

and the scalpellum was plunged to its hilt in a third incision,

which in another moment it would have begun to widen into

a pocket, a sudden idea occurred to me, and I soused the

whole thing—inseect, stem, and all—with pure sulphuric ether.

(chi }

The insect was killed instantaneously ; without time to with

draw its ovipositor, or make any movement to speak of.

My object was not mere murder, but the desire to secure

a pictorial record of the phenomenon as it actually takes

place. A photograph which I took of it immediately after-

wards (see Plate I, Fig. 2) shows clearly enough for my

purpose—on a slightly larger scale—(1) the attitude of the

insect itself at this stage, (2) the extended saw quite visible

beneath the cuticle of the stem, (3) the long fissure which

serves as a single mouth for all the pockets, and (4) even

the two eggs deposited already resting each in its separate

corner or nidus. (The original object is now in the Natural

History Museum at South Kensington.)

Since I made these observations, I have often carefully

thought them over—weighing in my own mind, or trying

to do so, the real import and importance of this or that detail

in the process, and asking myself what on the whole was the

most reasonable view to take of the ovipositor considered as

a tool. The result is that I consider it certainly not the

equivalent or ideal of an ordinary saw. It is a tool of that

class which do their work largely by acting as wedges—in

a word by splitting. But it also mangles and scratches the

substances worked on, and this doubtless has an advantageous

result in loosening their natural cohesions and liberating

fluids which the egg will require as it grows. (N.B.—The

Sawfly’s eggs grow considerably while in situ, and meantime

much contraction and drying up of tissues occurs around

them (see Plate I, Figs. 3 and 4). Both in form and in

some of its movements the organ reminds me of certain

features characterising various human tools—but rather per-

haps those of the surgeon than those of the carpenter. And

I should say the same of the sort of results which are

achieved by it. Actual sawing, producing anything equiva-

lent to sawdust or to the groove made by a normal saw,

does not take place. Cutting or carving does enter into the

process, but rather as an accessory than as an essential. The

same may be said of the rasp-like features of certain ovi-

positors. They assist the work, but it could be done without

them. What appears to me to be essential and indispensable

Cen.)

is—first the piercing-power, then the splitting-power, and

lastly the lacerating-power.

These are combined in an instrument which may in certain

respects resemble, but cannot be identified with, any tool

employed by human artificers unless it similarly combines

them. The usual comparison to a éenon saw is particularly

unsatisfactory, as suggesting that the “support” takes no

active share in the process, and also, prima facie at least,

suggesting that it accompanies the movements of the “ saws.”

Finally, any notion of the tool is misleading which makes

us think of it simply as a plate, or pair of plates. It is

emphatically an object of three dimensions, and all must

be taken into consideration before we can form opinions as

to its mechanical potentialities and probable action and their

consequences.

On commencing the inquiries of which this Address is the

outcome I consulted, and often copied out in extenso, a great

many descriptions of the process contained in the works of

celebrated scientific authors. Looking now over these extracts

in the light of my subsequent investigations, truth compels

me to say that in nearly all of them a few grains of truth are

combined with an immense amount of misunderstandings and

misleading suggestions. Several of them make no profession

to rest on any special investigation of the phenomena by their

authors, but are frankly simple compilations. These I may

pass over; but one or two, which have been put forth by

really outstanding scientific authors as embodying truths

before unknown which they have discovered in their own

researches or can vouch for as having been accepted by them

on sufficient evidence, contain what appear to me such mis-

leading notions that it would be false modesty to shrink

from commenting upon them. Thus, I take up two standard

text-books on Microscopy, each of them the work of a justly

celebrated author, a pioneer in more branches of science than

one, and a Fellow of the Royal Society.

1.—One of these authors describes at great length the

microscopical characters of ‘The Saw of the Sawfly.” He

gives figures, in which I believe I can recognise with con-

fidence two portions of the organ in question as it exists in

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

All figures on this Plate refer to the same species, viz. Phymatocera

aterrima, K1,, and are photographed from nature.

Fie.

1. Eggs removed from the abdomen of a ? —not yet laid!

2. 9 in act of excavating a stem of Polygonatwm. Two eggs have

been deposited, and a third excavation commenced. ‘The

saw is seen through the cuticle, under which it has been

plunged.

3, Stem of Polygonatwm freshly operated on, showing a long

pouch under the cuticle containing eggs.

4, The same stem a few days later (more highly magnified). The

stem is becoming shrivelled ; the eggs have grown larger

and appear as a chain of dark oval spots.

. Young larva feeding on the back of a Polygonatwm leaf.

. Earthen cocoon, in which the larva pupates.

, 8. Pupating larvae extracted from such cocoons.

9. Apex of abdomen in the 9 imago. The “saws,” etc., are

enclosed in their “ sheath.”

10, Right half of a complete Terebra—

a, saw; b, support; c, triangular plate; d, basal portion of

sheath ; e, apex of sheath.

11. A single saw viewed laterally.

12. Its support in the same aspect.

13. Saws and supports together, viewed dorsally.

14. Details of saw near its base (x about 200).

15. Apex of a saw and its support, similarly magnified.

col

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André & Sleigh, Ltd.

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EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

Figures 1-6 belong to the sp. figured in 1726 by Vallisnieri, viz.

Arge (= Hylotoma) pagana, Pz. (cf. Plates IV, V).

Fic,

1. Support. 2. Saw. 3. Apex of support. 4. Apex of saw.

(Note the lateral comb-like projections, and cf. Fig. 5 !)

5. The whole excavating organ viewed dorsally.

6. The whole excavating organ highly magnified and viewed

laterally—but without pressure !

Figures 7-10 are of Réaumur’s sp. figured in 1740, viz. Arge

rosae, de Geer. (Cf. Plates VI, VII.)

. Excavating organ viewed dorsally. 8. Saw. 9. Support.

10, Pencil-like projecting bristles on sides of the support, near its

inferior margin, and springing from the “costae” which

strengthen the support.

The remaining Figures illustrate various forms of the organ

in different insects.

11. Saws and supports of Abia sericea, L., showing their basal

attachments (hypopygiwm, etc.), flattened out by slight pres-

sure,

12. Part of a saw (on left) and support (on right) of T'richiosoma

tibialis, Leach (the sp. attached to Crataegus /)

13. Saw of Lophyrus pini, L. (Note the distance between the

actual upper margin and the sulecate wire-like thickening

which joins the saw to its support !)

14. Support of Lophyrus pini. L. (ventral view). (Note the great

width of the organ at its base in this aspect !)

15. Supports of Nematus abdominalis, Pz. pressed asunder and

viewed ventrally.

16. Saw of Nematus abdominalis, Pz.

17. Saws of Cladius pectinicornis, Fourcr., showing their basal

attachments. :

18. Supports of Cladius pectinicornis, Fourcr. (They are connate,

practically, at the actual apex.)

19, Saw and support of Cephus pygmaeus, L.

20. Apex of “dart” in sting of Apis mellifica, L. (the Hive-bee),

for comparison with the previous figure.

PLATE 2 (reproduced from photographs taken by F. D. Morice).

André & Sleigh, Ltd.

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EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

This, and the next two Plates, are photographs of Plates illustra-

ting Vallisnieri’s Treatise on the “ Mosca de’ Rosai” = Arge pagana,

Pz. (all more or less reduced as to size).

Fias.

1-3 show the insect at work on rose-stems.

4 is intended to give an idea of the miniuteness of the excavating

organ.

5-6 show eggs lying in a double row in an excavation,

7-8 show eggs in different stages.

. Larvae feeding on the leaves,

10. Cocoons formed by larvae.

11. Larva magnified.

12. Cocoons magnified.

13. Cocoon split open and viewed from behind.

14. Pupa.

15. Cast skins.

16. ¢ of the insect.

17. Apparently some other species; ovipositing (according to the

author) on the midribs of the leaves only.

No)

3 (after Vallisnicri).

PLATE

André & Sleigh, Ltd

EXPLANATION OF PuaTE IV.

(Cf. Explanation of Plate IIT.)

1. Wings of A. pagana.

2. Apex of abdomen viewed ventrally. Saws, etc., contained in

their sheath.

3. Apex of abdomen viewed ventrally, with saws, etc., exserted.

4. Supports viewed ventrally.

5. Leaf showing tracks left by a feeding larva.

6. Cut rose-stem, within whose pith a larva has buried itself. g is

the larva extracted. (It may be doubted whether this is the

same species.)

Pirate 4 (after Vallisnicri).

André & Sleigh, Lto

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

(Cf, Explanation of Plate IIT.)

Fic.

1. Part of saw and support viewed together laterally, highly

magnified.

2. Supports lying between their saws, viewed ventrally. (The

artist seeins to have made some error in figuring the backs of

the saws, and this has puzzled Réaumur.) (Cf. his remarks

on it.)

3, 4. Lateral views of the saw. (These are practically correct !)

5, 6. Supports in different aspects.

7. Section of entrance to the cavity through which the eggs pass.

Puate 5 (after Vallisnicri).

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EXPLANATION OF PuaTE VI.

(This and the following Plate are photographs on a reduced scale

from Plates in Réaumur’s “ Mémoires,” Vol. v.)

Frias,

1, 2, 3 represent larvae of A. rosae.

4. Foot of a larva (magnified).

5. Cocoon made by a larva on a leaf, for want of earth in which to

pupate !

6, 7, 8. Cocoons; entire, and partially broken (intentionally) to

show their construction,

9. Grains of earth forming outer shell of cocoon.

10, 11, 12. Different views of the imago (12 isa ¢).

13-18 show the excavations (and eggs in Fig. 18 !) at various magni-

fications, and at various stages in the growth of the eggs.

PLate 6 (after Réaumur).

PL. 14.- PI +4 4-Mere .3- deltist: des Lisectes Tor. 5

André & Sleigh, Ltd,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

(Cf. Explanation of Plate VI.)

Fras,

1, 2, 3 seem to be more or less copied from Vallisnieri’s figures—to

show the difference between this oviposition and that of

Réaumur’s species. (Réaumur, however, may have taken

them from nature, for he says that he had seen such eggs, but

failed to discover the insect producing them.)

, 5. Antennae of A. rosae (4 6,5 @).

A different species, excavating midrib of rose-leaf. (Possibly a

Pristiphora ?)

Apex of abdomen viewed ventrally (saws concealed),

8. The same (but saws, etc., partly exserted),

9-12. Various views of saws, supports, ete., dissected out. (Cf. the

corresponding figures in Plates V (Vallisnieri’s) and II (photo-

graphed from nature).

13-14. These figures (as the author tells us) refer to some other

species. I cannot identify it with confidence.

Piate 7 (after Réaumur).

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André & Sleigh, Ltd.

( cliii )

one of our commonest British species, Zenthredo mesomela

of Linné. He also quotes at great length from a translation

of Réaumur’s “ Mémoires,” and proceeds to notice phenomena

which he believed that author—and indeed all others—to have

overlooked.

The true saw, he tells us, is not the object commonly so

called ; but another, as yet undetected, and figured by him

now for the first time. What has been called the saw is only

a sheath, in which the real saw is enclosed during quiescence.

He describes minutely such characters of this object as are

visible in the lateral view of it, and explains how, precisely,

it is adapted to the functions which he assigns to it.

Now—will you believe me?—-this previously undiscovered

“true saw” is simply one of the “supports.” It had been

figured and described quite adequately both by Réaumur and

Vallisnieri. And the edge of it which the later author sup-

poses to be its cutting edge, is that which is at all times in

contact with the upper margin of the veritable cutting-

instrument, and is consequently owt of contact with the

materials which it is said to act upon!

2.—The mistakes of the other author are not of his own

making. But he lends his great authority to support a

strange notion imparted to him by an entomological friend.

He tells us that this friend had watched repeatedly the opera-

tions of Sawflies, and had found out that Réaumur and others

were mistaken in supposing that the eggs travel through the

instrument which makes the incision. The latter instrument,

he says, after making its incision is immediately re-enclosed

within the sheath, and so remains while another quite distinct

organ—the real ovipositor—is protruded from the abdomen,

conveying with it an egg, which it guides into its proper

position.

As to this I can only say that I have never seen a scalpellum

re-enter its sheath between the two operations of excavation

and oviposition ; that I have watched again and again an egg

enter and pass through the same organ which had prepared

just before, a receptacle for it; and that, after dissecting

literally hundreds of Sawflies belonging to various genera

and species, I have never found anything in the least resem-

( cliv )

bling the supposed independent ovipositor. An _ ovipositor

other than the scalpellum does not exist, and I cannot conceive

what the observer can have mistaken for one.

3.—Burmeister’s well-known “ Manual” (p. 197 of Shuckard’s

Translation) makes statements not unlike those just discussed.

“The terebra,” he says, “‘does not pierce firm substances, but

merely guides the eggs into already existing cavities ; but the

aculeus forms the cavity itself for the egg, pierces into bodies

not firmer than itself, and as a defensive instrument it wounds

very severely.” On this I would remark, in addition to

what has been said above, that it is exceptional among the

Hymenoptera to use the aculeus as a defensive weapon ; and

that such as habitually so use it, viz. the social Bees and

Wasps, do not also employ it to form cavities for receiving

eggs.

4.—The ambitious, and in many respects very excellent,

monograph of Lacaze-Duthiers inquires, with much detail and

many figures, into the morphology and homologies of the

terebra and its parts; but the author can hardly have

witnessed its actual operations. For he insists that the

blades commonly called the saws must obviously, like an

ordinary saw, be applied to the substances they have to sever

edgewise and not like an “aculeus” point first. ‘The instru-

ment, he says in so many words, “ does not make a hole but a

slit.” I hope I have convinced you that it does both !

5.—Lastly, in the 8th edition of a well-known work by the

justly celebrated American Entomologist and late Honorary

Fellow of our own Society, Professor Packard, I find an

account, in which, taking it simply as it stands, I can

positively discover no sort of meaning whatever. Its words

are these—

The ovipositor or saw consists of two lamellae the lower edge of

which is toothed and fits in a groove in the under side of the upper

one, which is toothed above, both protected by the usual sheath-like

stylets.

How two lamellae can have two edges, a lower and an upper

one, which are fitted together in a groove ; and what is meant

by the under side of an upper edge ; and how a tool could act

when its toothed edge was enclosed within a portion of itself,

( clv )

to me at least is altogether inconceivable. I cannot help sus-

pecting that the author’s real meaning has suffered a total

eclipse, through some accidental omission or transposition of

words during printing, which has converted an intelligible

though evidently somewhat inadequate account into simple

nonsense.

I have now only to crave your indulgence for unintended but

doubtless unavoided deficiencies in this Address—omissions,

superfluities, errors as to fact, faults of judgment or faults of

taste, things that might better have been said otherwise, or

on another occasion, or not said at all. Also I must acknow-

ledge the kindness of many friends and colleagues, whom I

have troubled in various ways with my doubts and difficulties,

especially when I first took up the matter, and was dis-

covering mares’ nests in every possible direction. Above all

I must thank Miss Chawner ; and I hope to show my grati-

tude in deeds rather than in words by worrying her on

many future occasions for such help as has been so valuable

to me on the present occasion—or, I should say rather, so

altogether invaluable.

(tebyi- )

GENERAL INDEX.

The Arabic figures refer to the pages of the ‘ Transactions’; the Roman

numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings.’

The President’s Address is not separately indexed.

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Acari, myrmecophilous, exhibited, xxvii.

Acraea, African species of, exhibited, lxv ; monograph of the genus, Ixix.

aurivillit is female of A. alciope, proved by breeding, exhibited, lvi.

encedon from Lagos, all-female batches of, exhibited, liv.

lycoa and A. johnstoni, on the forms and geographical distribution

Oyeselle

+ orestia and A. humilis, bred series of, exhibited, 1xxxi.

Africa, some Bryocorina from, described, iv, 408; a factor in the production

of mutual resemblance in allied species of butterflies: a presumed

Miillerian combination of Huploeas in South India and Amauris in

South, iv, 417; Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Oxford Museum from,

xxvi, 528; Charaves from, exhibited, xxix; Papilio dardanus, f£. plane-

moides from British East, exhibited, xlii; with descriptions of new

species, report on a collection of Bombyliinae (Diptera) from Central,

lvii, 605; species of Acraea from, exhibited, lxv; new Lycaenid from,

exhibited, xxx ; contrasts in colouring between certain species of butter-

flies from the Lagos district and their geographical races in British

East, exhibited, Ixxxix; descriptions of some hitherto unknown, or

little-known larvae and pupae of Rhopalocera from South, 48.

Ayriades thetis, ab. coelestis, exhibited, xxii.

Alpine Lycaenids, exhibited, 1.

Amaurts, in South Africa, a factor in the production of mutual resemblance

in allied species of butterflies: a presumed Millerian combination of

Euploeas in South India and, iv, 417; attacks of Tachinid flies upon the

African Danaine genus, exhibited, xcix.

America, Neoponerid from Central, exhibited, xvi; descriptions of Micro-

Lepidoptera from South, bxxxiii, 673.

Ants, in nests of other species, Queen, exhibited, x ; some remarkable Lepido-

ptera of Queensland, friends of, xlvii, 577; from Rannoch, exhibited,

xlviii; depredations by minute, exhibited, lvi; new British, exhibited,

Ixx; observed in the Lagos district, some Lycaenid larvae tended by,

xcix ; further observations on temporary social parasitism, and slavery

in, 175.

Aphantopus hyperanthus, forced, exhibited, xvii.

”

»”

( .elyai. ;)

Aplecta nebulosa, varieties of, exhibited, xxi.

Australia, Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Oxf ord Museum from, xxvi, 528.

Bacilli in the gut of an insect during metamorphosis, on the persistence of

vii, 497.

Barypithes pellucidus, exhibited, xxvi.

Bat and parasitical Dipteron, exhibited, xvi.

Beetle, new British, exhibited, v; from Hyéres, Longicorn, exhibited, xvii ;

rare British, exhibited, xx ; abnormal, exhibited, xx; living, exhibited,

Xxiv.

Berkshire, Coliads from, exhibited, 1ii.

Bombyliinae (Diptera) from Central Africa, with descriptions of new species,

report on a collection of, lvii, 605.

Borneo, two new species of Lycaenopsts from Sarawak, 184,

Boxes, efficient relaxing, exhibited, xxv.

Brazil, Sphingids from, exhibited, lxii ; Syntomids from, exhibited, evi.

British, beetle, new, exhibited, v ; Scoparia, xiv, 501; beetle, rare, exhibited,

xx; Hyloicus pinastri, exhibited, xxv ; Ornithologist’s Union to Central

Dutch New Guinea, an enumeration of the Rhynchota collected during the

expedition of the, lvii, 591; Coleoptera, new, exhibited, lxi, lxxxvii;

Coleoptera, rare, exhibited, lxv; Ant, new, exhibited, lxx ; Rhopalocera,

descriptions of, Ixxxii; Museum, description de quelques espéces nouvelles

de Lucanides appartenant aux collections du, 426.

Bryocorina nonnulla Aethiopica descripta, iv, 408.

Butterflies, a presumed Millerian combination of Euploeas in South India

and Amauris in South Africa; a factor in the production of mutual

resemblance in allied species of, iv, 417; new Indian, exhibited, xxii;

from the Lagos district and their geographical races at Entebbe, contrasts

in colouring between certain species of, exhibited, Ixxxix.

Callophrys avis, living larvae of, exhibited, xxx.

Cambridge, new Entomological post at, lxiii.

Canadian Pierids, exhibited, xv.

Catasticta, with descriptions of new species, notes on the genus, 519.

Charaxes from Africa, exhibited, xxix.

Cidaria concinnata, probable specimen of, exhibited, lxxi.

Clark, A, H., notice of the death of, xlviii.

Clearwings, larvae of, exhibited, v.

Coccinellids found on Mimosa trees, exhibited, lxx.

Coleoptera, varieties of, exhibited, iii; a first supplementary paper on the

Hymenopterous parasites of, vii, 452 ; new British, exhibited, ]xi, lxxxvii;

scarce, exhibited, lxiii, 1xxxi; rare British and imported, exhibited, Ixy ;

abnormal, exhibited, lxxx.

Coliads from Berkshire, exhibited, lii.

Colias nastes, var. werdandi, larva of, exhibited, lx.

Collection, well-arranged, exhibited, xxv.

Colouring between certain species of butterflies from the Lagos district and

their geographical races at Entebbe, contrasts in, exhibited, Ixxxix.

Colour-relation between lepidopterous larvae and pupae and their surround-

ings, experiments in 1909 and 1910 upon the, 136.

Conversazione, announcement as to, xiv, xxvi.

Council for 1911-12, nomination of, lxix.

( elyii )

Cruttwell, Canon C. T., notice of the death of, xvii.

Damba Island as compared with those from the Entebbe district, Pseudacraeas

of the hodleyi group on, exhibited, xci.

Dates of the Society’s publications, enquiry as to, lix; paper on, cix, 750,

Deilemera antinorii, cocoon of, exhibited, liv ; spherical bodies on cocoons of,

exhibited, xevi.

Delias from New Guinea mountains, exhibited, Ixii.

Diplatys, a revision of the genus, 21.

Diptera, bat and parasitical, exhibited, xvi; rare, exhibited, lxxi.

Earwigs from Hyéres, exhibited, xvi.

English Hyloicus pinastr7, exhibited, xxv.

Entebbe, contrasts in colouring between certain species of butterflies from

the Lagos district and their geographical races at, exhibited, Ixxxix ;

Pseudacraeas of the hobleyi group on Damba Island as compared with

those from the district of, exhibited, xci.

Entomological post at Cambridge, new, Ixiii.

Entomology, notice of lecture on, vii.

Erastria venustula, bred, exhibited, 1xi.

Erebia aethiops, exhibited, Ixxxviii.

Euploeas in South India and Amauris in South Africa, a factor in the produc-

tion of mutual resemblance in allied species of butterflies: a presumed

Miillerian combination of, iv, 417.

Euralia anthedon and FE. dubia, proved by breeding to be forms of a single

species, exhibited, xlv.

Fellows, election of, v, ix, xv, xlviii, lix, xiii, ]xix, Ixxxiii.

Flea eggs, note on, vi.

Gynandromorphie specimen, exhibited, xxv.

Harrison, Albert, notice of the death of, xlviii.

Hawaiian, Hymenoptera, with notes on some previously described, new

species of, lxxxiii, 719; Hemiptera, with descriptions of new species,

notes on, Ixxxili, 728.

Heliconius, species of the genus, exhibited, i.

Hemiptera, mimics of Hymenoptera, exhibited, xxx; with descriptions of

new species, notes on Hawaiian, Ixxxiii, 728,

Heredity in the female forms of Hypolimnas misippus, exhibited, xliv.

Hesperia (Syricthus) stdae, a contribution to the life history of, xxvi, 563.

High ground, insects seeking, lvii.

Honorary Fellows, election of, lxiii.

Hybernation of Vanessa atalanta in captivity, 173.

Hybernia marginaria, exhibited, xxiv.

Hydroecta, on the nictitans group of the genus, cix, 738.

Hyéres, earwigs from, exhibited, xvi; Longicorn beetle from, exhibited, xvii.

Hyloicus pinastr?, English, exhibited, xxv. :

Hymenoptera, -Aculeata in the Oxford Museum, South African and a few

Australian, xxvi, 528; Hemipterous mimics of, exhibited, xxx; with

notes on some previously described, new species of Hawaiian, Ixxxiii,

719; -Aculeata (Sphegidae), collected in Algeria, 62.

Hymenopterous parasites of Coleoptera, a first supplementary paper on the,

vii, 452.

Hypoderma, probable new species of, exhibited, xxvii.

Ko Moline)

Hypolimnas misippus, heredity in the female forms of, exhibited, xliy;

separation of sexes in, Nii,

‘“‘Tmitation”’ larva, exhibited, lxxii.

India, and Amaurts in South Africa, a factor in the production of mutual

resemblance in allied species of butterflies: a presumed Miillerian com-

bination of Huploeas in South, iv, 417 ; new species and forms of butter-

flies from, exhibited, xxii; biological notes on Pierine larvae from, xxvi;

description of a new Nymphaline butterfly from British, 187.

Insects in the tropics, and their influence on mimicry, notes on enemies of, 168.

Japan, new and unrecorded species of Lepidoptera Heterocera from, 189,

Lagos district, instances of mimicry, protective resemblance, ete., from, xlvi;

all-female batches of Acraea encedon, bred in, liv; and their geographical

races at Entebbe, contrasts in colouring between certain species of butter-

flies from the, exhibited, Ixxxix; some ant-tended Lycaenid larvae

observed in the, xcix.

Lapland, Rhopalocera from, exhibited, Ixxxvii.

Lasiocampidae, new genera and species of, 161.

Lastus fuliginosus, experiments in the formation of colonies by, lxxxiii, 664.

», mixtus, females of, exhibited, xxi.

» niger, parthenogenesis in, exhibited, xlix; paper on, Ixviii, 657.

Latiorina (Lycaena) orbitulus, an amyrmecophilous Plebeiid butterfly, on the

early stages of, 148.

Lepidoptera, interesting, exhibited, xxv; myrmecophilous, exhibited, xxvii;

of Queensland, some remarkable ant-friend, xlvii, 577 ; Heterocera from

Japan, new and unrecorded species of, 189.

Leucania pallens and L, favicolor, exhibited, 1xxxvi.

Liodes, species of, exhibited, xlix.

Lithosia, melanic, exhibited, 1.

Longicorn larva, sound made by a, Ixv.

Lucanides appartenant aux collections du British Museum, description de

quelques espéces nouvelles de, 426.

Luperina gueneet, variation in, exhibited, ii.

3, nickerlii and allies, exhibited, Ixxxvii.

Lycaenids, Alpine, exhibited, 1; new African, exhibited, lxxx ; observed in the

Lagos district, some ant-tended larvae of, exhibited, xcix.

Lycaenopsis from Sarawak, Borneo, two new species of, 184.

Marmara, spherical bodies on cocoons of Tineid genus, xcviii.

Melanargia galathea, black, exhibited, xlviii ; some local forms of, exhibited,

Ixxi.

Melanic Lithosia, exhibited, 1.

Metamorphosis, on the persistence of bacilli in the gut of an insect during,

vii, 497.

Micro-Lepidoptera, descriptions of South American, Ixxxiii, 673.

Mimicry, a factor in the production of mutual resemblance in allied species

of butterflies: a presumed Miillerian combination of Euploeas in South

India and Amauris in South Africa, iv, 417; of Pompilid by Reduviid

bug, exhibited, xxix; of Hymenoptera by Hemiptera, exhibited, xxx ;

protective resemblance, etc., from the Lagos district, instance of, xlvi;

by certain Sarawak insects, instances of, exhibited, 'Ixxiii; notes on

insect enemies in the tropics, and their influence on, 168.

Mymar, new species of, exhibited, xxvii; paper on, cviii.

Myrmecophilous Lepidoptera, exhibited, xxvii ; Acari, exhibited, xxvii.

Natural History Museum as site of new Science Museum, resolutions as to

land proposed to be taken from, xviii, xxvi.

Neoponerid, Central American, exhibited, xvi.

Neuroptera, southern, exhibited, lxi ; northern, exhibited, Ixiv.

New Guinea, an enumeration of the Rhynchota collected during the expedition

of the British Ornithologists’ Union to Central Dutch, lvii, 591;

mountains, Delias from, exhibited, lxii; some undescribed butterflies

from Dutch, 16.

New Zealand weevil, exhibited, lxix.

Worasuma kolga, cocoons and eggs of Bombycid moth, exhibited, xcy.

Northern Neuroptera, exhibited, Ixiv,

Nymphaline butterfly from British India, description of a new, 187.

Obituary. J. W. Tutt, iv, viii; P.C. T. Snellen, xv; Canon C. T. Crutt-

well, W. A. Rollason, xvii; Dr. S. H. Seudder, A. H. Clark, Albert

Harrison, G. H. Verrall, xlviii.

Odontopera bidentata in connection with their colour surroundings, experi

ments with the larva and pupa of, 136.

Oestridae Cavicolae, lvii.

Officers for 1911-12, nomination of, Ixix.

Oryyia splendida (dubia), on the larva of, 160.

Oxford Museum, some African and a few Australian Aculeate Hymenoptera

in the, xxvi, 528.

Oxytelus, a remarkable, exhibited, xlix.

Papilio dardanus cenea, £. trophonius, exhibition of new female form leight

bred from, xxxili.

= », £. planemotdes from British East Africa, exhibited, xlii.

99 (Tachyris) melania, exhibited, lix.

Parthenogenesis in Lasius niger, exhibited, xlix ; paper on, Ixviii, 657.

Phasmid new to science, exhibited, Ixxxiii.

Pierids, Canadian, exhibited, xv.

Pierine larvae, biological notes on Indian, xxvi,

Pieris oleracea and P. rapae, exhibited, xxiv,

Planema alcinoe, observations on the courtship of, xev.

Polistes gallica, note on, xxx.

Polyctenidae viviparous, Ixiv.

Polygonia c-album, var. hutchinsont, exhibited, ili.

Pompilid mimicked by Reduviid bug, exhibited, xxix.

Presentation to Society, lxix.

President for 1911-12, nomination of, i, ix.

Pseudacraeas of the hobleyt group on Damba Island as compared with those

from the Entebbe district, exhibited, xci.

Psychid cases, gigantic, exhibited, xiv.

Publications, enquiry as to dates of the Society’s, lix ; paper on, cix, 750.

Pyrameis cardut, bred, exhibited, Ixxi.

Queensland, some remarkable ant-friend Lepidoptera of, xlvii, 577.

Rannoch, ants from, exhibited, xlviii.

Reduviid bug, Pompilid mimicked by, exhibited, xxix.

Relaxing boxes, efficient, exhibited, xxv.

els. 4

(ele)

Rhodesian insects as prey, exhibited, xxii.

Rhopalocera, Sicilian, exhibited, 1; descriptions of British, Ixxxii; from

Lapland, exhibited, Ixxxvii; descriptions of some hitherto unknown, or

little-known larvae and pupae of South African, 48.

Rhynchota collected during the expedition of the British Ornithologists’ Union

to Central Dutch New Guinea, an enumeration of the, Ivii, 591.

Rollason, W. A., notice of the death of, xvii.

Sarawak, exhibition of instances of mimicry by certain insects from, lxxiii.

Science Museum, site for new, resolutions as to, xviii, xxvi.

Scoparia, the British (and a few Continental) species of the genus, xiv, 501.

Scudder, Dr. Samuel H., notice of the death of, xlviii.

Separation of sexes in Hypolimnas misippus, liii.

Sicily, Rhopalocera from, exhibited, 1.

Sirex noctilio, exhibited, 1xi.

Snellen, P. C. T., notice of the death of, xv.

Sound made by a Longicorn larva, lxv.

Southern Neuroptera, exhibited, 1xi.

Spalgis lemolea, food of the carnivorous Lycaenid larva, exhibited, civ.

Sphegidae, Hymenoptera-Aculeata collected in Algeria, 62.

Sphingids, Brazilian, exhibited, Ixii.

Spider, a gigantic, exhibited, Ixxii.

Stereoscopic photograph, exhibited, xiii.

“ Stick-insect,”” male, exhibited, 1xi.

Striphnopterygidae, new genera and species of, 161,

Sympetrum fonscolombit, exhibited, 1ii.

Syntomidae from Brazil, exhibited, evi.

Tachinid flies upon the African Danaine genus 4 mauris, attacks of, exhibited,

CLK.

Tachyporus, a new, exhibited, ii.

Temperature, experiments on pupae, x; on animal (especially insect) life,

effect of, Ixvi.

Teratological specimens, exhibited, vi, Ixiv.

Tortricidae, new, exhibited, li.

Tortrix, rare, exhibited, lxx,

Travelled insect, exhibited, lxiv.

Tutt, J. W., notice of the death of, iv, viii.

Uropteryx sambucaria in connection with their colour surroundings, experi-

ments with the larva and pupa of, 136.

Vanessa atalanta in captivity, the hybernation of, 173.

Variation in Luperina quencet, exhibited, ii.

Verrall, G. H., notice of the death of, xlviii.

Vice-Presidents, appointment of, ix.

Weevil from New Zealand, exhibited, Ixix.

Wood-boring larva, exhibited, xxiv,

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., v. 1911. L

( elxii )

SPECIAL INDEX.

The Arabic figures refer to the pages of the ‘ Transactions’; the Roman numerals

to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings,

abducalis (Hypena), 260

ao (Rhynchina), 260

abicollis (Scolia), see albicollis (Scolia)

abietella (Phalaena), 362

abieticola (Eurytoma), 487, 489

abisara (Callidula), Ixxiv, Ixxvill

ablualis (Adrapsa), 253

abnormis (Crabro), 727

abolineola (Eriopus), 210

Abraxaphantes, 319

Abraxas, 318, 319

Abrostola, 245

abruptus (Thyridanthrax), 626, 627

absorpta (Carige), 321

Acantharades, 597

Acanthocampa, 396, 397

acanthocini (Metastenus), 466

Acanthocinus, 466

acanthomerus (Stizus), 116

acephalus (Coeliodes), 484

Aceris (Coceus), 469

Achaea, 242

Acherontia, 273

Acherontianae, 273

Acidalia, 320, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336

Acidalianae, 333

Acontia, 214, 230

acontialis (Orthaga), 367

Acontianae, 234

Acosmeryx, 278, 279

Acraea, liv, lv, lvi, Ixv, lxvi, xix,

lboogs Doodh bsoare hy ai, 25 11, @,

7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 18, 14, 15, 60, 171

Acraeinae, xc

Acrobasis, 362, 363

acrocosma (Coptotelia), 702

Acronicta, 748

Acronycta, 156, 215, 216, 217, 218, 506

Acronyctinae, 205

actaeata (Hupithecia), 330

», (Tephroclystia), 330

adelphella eee ae x), 361

ai (Phycis), 361

(Salebr ia), 361

admirabilis (Lophopteryx), 296

Adrapsa, 252, 253

adspectans (Crabro), 727

adyte (Erebia), vi

aeagrus (Dinia), evi, evil

aedea (Heterusia), 350

», (Papilio), 350

Aedia, 247

/Kdoeagus, 154

aedilis (Astynomus), 466

Aegeria, V, Vi, XXiv

aenea (Tachytes), 99

aenescens (Naranga), 231

aeneum (Apion), 478

aeneus (Diplolepis), 491

aenigmatica (Cnephasia), 682

aestivalis (Calosoter), 460

aethiops (Diplatys), 22, 23, 29, 31,42,43

» (Erebia), Ixxxviii

,, racecaledonia(Erebia), xxxiii,

Ixxxviii, lxxxix

Le (Eulocastra), 231

Aetroxys, 465

afer (Diodontus), 69

, (Sphex), 76

, (Thyridanthray), 625

affinis (Anadiasa), 167

», (Catasticta), 521

,, (Pteromalus), 469

africana (Myrmilla), 541

africanus (Delias), 18

»» (Oxybelus), 182

Agabus, iii

agamemnon (Papilio), xxv

aganice, f. montana (Planema), xe

Agapanthia, xvii

agathon, var. caphusa (Aporia), 188

3 var. phryxe (Aporia), 188

(celxati: )

Agelastica, 472

agilis (Odynerus), 726

agitata (Boarmia), 308

», (Duliophyle), 308

», ab. diluta (Duliophyle), 308

», (Xandrames), 808

Aglais, Ixxxvii

Agraptochlora, 344

Agriades, xxii, 154

agrili (Eurytoma), 458

Agrilus, 458

Agriotes, 458, 459

Agrotera, 374

Agrotinae, 195

Agrotis, 196

Agylla, 193, 194

Agyrta, cvi, evii

Alaparus (Eulophus), 478

alaris (Discolia), 553

», (Seolia), 553

Alathetus, 592

albella (Stenoma), 711

albertisi (Delias), ]xii

albescens (Villa), 624, 625

albicilia (Endotricha), 368

albicincta (Cerceris), 85

albicollis (Dielis), 555

(Elis), 555, 556

“i (Scolia), 555

- (Sphex), 555

albicosta (Cirphis), 200

aA (Leucania), 200

albicostata (Cymatophora), 281

Ae (Pelosia), 392

(Polyploca), 281

albidisca (Euplexia), 206

(Hadena), 206

a (Trachea), 206

albidus (Systoechus), 607

albifuscalis (Glyphodes), 382

albilunalis (Glyphodes), 381

albimaculata (Amauris), xxxviii, 3, 9,

421, 422, 423, 424

albina (Catasticta), 525

albipennis (Microgaster), 458

2 (Systole), 470

albiscutellaris (Bruchus), 470

albisectus (Parasphex), 75

” (Sphex), 75

albisignata (Elydna), 221, 222

albistigma (Acronycta), 217

15 (Olulis), 258

ps (Zethes), 258

albistrigata (Gelasma), 341

albistyla (Mutilla), 529

albocoerulea (Lycaenopsis), 186

albofasciaria (Zamacra), 396, 397

albofasciata (Catasticta), 523

albohirtum (Lepidoderma), 457

albonotata (Bryophila), 211

He (Chytonix), 211

albopunctalis (Hypena), 264

alboradiata (Phyllalia), 162

albosignata (Caradrina), 221

albosparsus (Bruchus), 470

albotecta (Lepidoderma), 457

albotomentosa (Ammophila), 73

alboundulata (Hemithea), 338

us (Memoria), 338

Albulina, 1, li, 153, 154

alceae (Carcharodus), 567, 572

aleinoe (Planema), xc, xci, xciii, xev

alciope (Acraea), lvi, 1xxxi

Alecis, 311, 312, 315

aleyone (Mutilla), 536

alecto (Mutilla), 533

Aleochara, Ixiii

Aleurodes, 455

algira (Ammophila), 73

», (Eremochares), 72, 73

algirica (Liodes), xlix

aliena (Notodonta), 291

alienata (Odontomutilla), 547

alienus (Lasius), 180

Alloderus, 480

Allodonta, 290

alma (Catasticta), 521, 522, 525

», (Euterpe), 521

alni (Agelastica), 472

5, (Orchestes), 480

alpina (Eudoria), 505, 507, 514

altaica (Acronycta), 217

alticeps (Centrotus), 601

», (Ibiceps), 601

alula (Hyperalonia), 652, 654

aluminias (Capua), 674

Alydus, xxx, xxxi

Alysia, 459, 473, 484

Alyson, 111

Amalus, 485

amastris (Catasticta), 520, 522

‘e (Euterpe), 520

Amatissa, 346

Amauris, iv, xXxiil, xxxvili, xlii, xlv,

xvas xlvil, xcix,, 3, 8,9) 0421, 422)

423, 424

ambidens (Tachytes), 100

ambigua (Gelasma), 341

(Spoelotis), 196

», (Thalassodes), 341

ambigualis (Scoparia), 501, 502,

507, 508, 509, 510,

512, 513

5 var. syriaca (Scoparia), 513

Amblychia, 307

Amblymerus, 491

503,

511,

I 2,

( hay ~))

Ambulicinae, 276

americana (Hydroecia), 740, 745, 746,

747, 748, 749

Ammophila, 64, 65, 71, 72, 73, 74

Ammoplanus, 68

Amoebe, 328

Amoebotricha, 327

amoena (Nonagria), 211

amoenaria (Euchloris), 339

an (Phorodesma), 339

5 (Uliocnemis), 337

Amorpha, 277, 278

Ampelophaga, 278, 279

amphicoma (Dichomeris), 695

amphicrena (Coptotelia), 703

annandalei (Diplatys), 22, 28, 29, 42

annexa (Cerceris), 82, 84

annularis (Caloclytus), Ixxvi, ]xxviii

+ (Chlorophorus), Ixxvi

annulipes (Anisolabis), xvi

xs (Aphycus), 475

», (Oneocephalus), 597

Anobium, 460, 461, 488

Anodonta, 761

anomala (Sorocaba), xxv

Anommatus, 456

Anoratha, 258, 259

Anoxus, 462

anseraria (Acidalia), 332

7 (Asthena), 332

amphidamas, var. obscura (Chrysopha-

nus), Ixxxvil

(Loweia),

Antaeotricha, 708, 709, 710

Antarchaea, 249

” 3 Antaxia, 457

Ixxxvil

Amphidasis, 136, 309

amphidasyaria (Boarmia), 314

Amphidasys, 311

Amphimoea, Ixiii

amphitritaria (Nemoria), 840

ampliata (Cymatophora), 282

amurensis (Amorpha), 277, 278

var. sinica (Amorpha), 278

Amyeles, evii

Anacampsis, 694

anacardii (Salamis), 55

Anadiasa, 167

anaitis (Catasticta), 524

analis (Liacos), 552

», (Oxybelus), 132

»» (Triliacos), 552

Anarpia, 506, 507, 513

Anarta, ]xxxvii

Anastoechus, 605, 609, 610

Anceryx, 275

anceus (Acosmeryx), 279

Ancistromma, 66, 105

andalusiacus (Philanthus), 93

andrenaeformis (Aegeria), xxiv

andrewsalis (Pyrausta), 389

andrewsi (Eurycyttarus), 347

andromedae (Hesperia), 1xxxvii

anemosa (Acraea), Ixxx, 60

Anerastianae, 356

angeronaria (Amblychia), 307

angulata (Mutilla), 546

Ss (Odontomutilla), 546, 547

», (Rivula), 267

angustatus (Diplatys), 21, 28, 25, 80

angustea (Eudoria), 507, 515

angustus (Perilampus), 461

Anisodes, 299

Anisolabis, xvi

Anisotoma, 454

antennata (Mimesa), 727

antennatum (Callidium), 465

antennatus (Sphecius), 125, 127, 128,

129

Antennophorus, xxvii

Antestia, 594

Anthaxia, 457

anthedon (Euratia), xlv

anthonomi (Catolaccus), 483

Anthonomus, 483

Anthophila, 62

anthracina (Nesoprosopis), 725

Anthrax, 606, 616, 618, 620, 621, 622,

623

Anthribus, 469

Anthrocera, Ixxxvii

antica (Lithosia), 393

Antichloris, evi

antinorii (Deilemera), xlvi, liv, xevi

antirrhini (Gymnetron), 481

Apamea, 207, 209, 210

Apanteles, 152, 453

Apatela, 216

apaturina (Catasticta), 520, 526

Apenesia, 456, 486

Aphaena, 600

Aphantopus, xvii

aphirape, var. ossianus

Ixxxvii

Aphycus, 475

apicalis (Aulacus), 463

,, (Exoprosopa), 653

», (Labena), 458

», (Odoniella), 412

», (Sypna), 246

apicipunctata (Acidalia), 334

Apion, 476, 477, 478

apionis (Holaspis), 476

», (Semiotus), 477

Apium, see Apion, 477

(Brenthis),

(clay, }

Aplecta, xxi

Apoda, 349

Aporia, 188

Appias, 172

apricans (Apion), 476

aptalis (Paraponyx), 371

arabs (Oxybelus), 131

Aradidae, 597

Aradophagus, 491

Aradus, 597

arboricola (Nysius), 732, 734

Archanara, 224, 225

archesia (Precis), Ixxiii, 56

Archonias, 522

arcta (Miana), 209

Arctiadae, 191, 391

Arctianae, 391

arctides (Apamea), 209

», (Hadena), 209

», (Oligia), 209

arcuata (Urodonta), 293

ardates (Nacaduba), xxiii

5, var. dima (Nacaduba), xxiii

ardescens (Conistra), 204

5 ab. purpurea (Conistra), 204

3 (Dasycampa), 204

arenaria (Cerceris), 88, 89

a5 (Planema), xc, xci, xciii

arenarum (Stizus), 63, 123

Arenostola, 224

argentatum (Pison), 727

argenteiventris (Mutilla), 532

argentifrons (Exoprosopa), 636, 643

argentilinearia (Decetia), 352

o (Mimozethes), 352

argocosma (Paraptila), 677

Argynnides, Ixviii

Argyramoeba, 615, 616, 620, 621, 623

Argyroeides, evii

argyrognomon, var. aegidion (Plebeius),

lxxxvii

argyrolepis (Litorrhynchus), 630

argyrophora (Exoprosopa), 636, 643

Argyroploce, 689, 690, 691, 692

Arichanna, 317, 318

aristolochiae (Papilio), 170, 171

arithmeticus (Astichus), 463

armata (Kerana), xxv

armatus (Ascogaster), 475

armicollis (Magdalalis), 487

arnearia (Corymicca), 396

Aromia, 464

Arrowi (Hemisodoreus), 441, 442

Artaxa, 272

artemisia (Mutilla), 529

Arthrolytus), 460

aruana (Mictis), 596

arundinis (Hypera), 472, 479

arundinis (Phytonomus), 479

asclepiadis (Abrostola), 245

i (Noctua), 245

Ascodipteron, xvi, xvii

Ascogaster, 475

Asecodes, 483

asela (Euploea), 169, 171, 418, 419

asella (Bombyx), 350

», (Heterogenea), 350

asellus (Gymnetron), 482

asiatica (Hydroecia), 747, 748, 749

», (Pachytelia), 397

Asinduma, 233

askoldis (Trachea), 208

aspersa (Hypocala), 246

asperulus (Amalus), 485

53 (Ceuthorrhynchus), 484

asphodeli (Agapanthia), xvii

Aspidomorpha, lxiv

Aspiloptera, 624

assimilata (Nodaria), 256 :

assimilis (Ceuthorrhynchus), 484

assimulans (Nesoprosopis), 725

astarte (Barymutilla), 550

Astata, 94

Astatus, 94, 95, 96

asteria (Tachyris), 1x

Asteroscopus, 284

Asthena, 331, 332

Astichus, 463

astragali (Apion), 478

astrarche (Lycaena), 150

astrigera (Acraea), lxv

», #. brunnea (Acraea), Ixv, xvi

Astynomus, 466

atalanta (Vanessa), 173, 174

Atanycolus, 457

atavia (Coreura), cvii

ate (Dasylabris), 544

Ateleopterus, 456

ater (Proctotrypes), 453

aterrima (Eurytoma), 481

Athetis, 218

Athous, ili

atlantica (Hydroecia), 740, 745, 746,

748, 749

atomalis (Scoparia), 501, 502, 503, 507,

508, 509, 510, 511, 512

atra (Eryx), ]xxxvii

atrata (Dolichomutilla), 542

,, (Proteostrenia), 306

atrator (Bracon), 481

», (Meteorus), 463

atrocyanea (Ammophila), 72

be (Psammophila), 72

atropos (Mutilla), 529

atropurpureus (Eupelmus), 470

atrovittata (Brachionycha), 284, 285

() “clxvt .)

atrovittata (Microphalera), 284

atrovittatus (Asteroscopus), 284

(Microphalera), 284,

atrox (Oedipoda), 607

Attagenus, 457

Attelabus, 475

attenuatum (Trypoxylon), 131

Atteria, 676

attonita (Oxycriptis), 692

Aucha, 214

audouini (Oxynopterus), Ixxx

Aufidus, 602

Aulacodes, 372, 373

Aulacus, 463, 464

Aulicus, 467

aurata (Euproctis), 272

aurea (Pyrinioides), 353

», (Rhodoneura), 353

aureicollis (Campsomeris), 555

aureola (Acraea), Ixvi

», (Dielis), 556, 558

»» (Elis), 556, 558

», (Scolia), 558

aureomaculata (Catasticta), 525

aureopuncta (Kuplexia), 208°

aureus (Bruchus), 470

auricoma (Kurytoma), 487,489, 490, 491

auriferana (Chrysoxena), 685

aurimargo (Circobotys), 384

aurivillii (Acraea), lvi

australiensis (Heterarthrellus), 456

autumnalis (Systoechus), 607

avis (Callophrys), xxx

Avitta, 251

axis (Hemisodoreus), 439, 440

aygulus (Anthrax), 620, 621

azurea (Euagra), evi, evil

Bacillus, 1, 497, 499

Bactra, 689

badiata (Amoebotricha), 327

Baeturia, 599

bajularia (Phorodesma), 539

bajulus (Hylotrypes), 464

balanini (Ephialtes), 485

Balaninus, 485, 486

Bapta, 298, 299

barbara (Bembex), 129

sp (Cb erdave))s bel

Barcinus, 596

Bargaglii (Eurytoma), 489

baridil (Bracon), 485

Baridius, 485

Baris, 485

Barymutilla, 546, 549, 550

Barypithes, xxvi, xxvii

basalipunctata (Gorty na), 220

5 (Hydroecia), 220, 221

basalis (Antaeotricha), 709

285

basalis (Entedon), 470

(Hyperaeschra), 295

,, (Litorrhynchus), 630

,, (Palimpsestes), 282

basilinea (Notodonta), 292

basistrigalis (Scoparia), 501, 502, 503,

505, 507, 510, 512

Bassus, 478

batrachoides (Exoprosopa),

646, 648

bathrogramma (Orphnolechia), 711

bella (Leucotmemis), evii

bellargus (Agriades), 154

.; ab. coelestis (Agriades), xxii

bellicosus (Cremastus), 152

bellus (Callimerus), 1xxvi, ]xxviii

Belomicrus, 133

Belyta, 477

belzebul (Lomatia), 614

bembeciforme (Trochilium), vi

Bembex, 129, 130

Bembidium, Ixxxi

beroe (Mutilla), 545

»» (Stenomutilla), 545

Bertula, 254

betularia (Amphidasis), 136

o ab. nigra (Biston), 309

A (Geometra), 309

HA (Lycia), 309

betularius, var. fumosarius(Biston), 309

betuleti (Byctiscus), 475

», (Rhynchites), 475

biangulifera (Ozola), 320

(Zarmigethusa), 320

biatomea (Rivula), 267

bicolor (Antaeotricha), 710

,, (Diplatys), 22, 27, 36, 38, 40

», (Hylesinus), 489

», (Labia), 36

bidentata (Amoebe), 328

ms (Geometra), 303

a (Gonodontis), 303

. (Odontopera), 136, 137, 144

(Phalaena), 328

bidentatus (Pityogenes), 492

xe (Stauropus), 287

bidentis (Diplolepis), 492

bifasciata (Calymnia), 223

up (Grammesia), 223

A (Strangalia), 466

bifasciatum (Rhagium), 465

bifidella (Polyocha), 357

bifurcalis (Parthenodes), 373

biguttatus (Endomychus), 456

biguttula (Hadjina), 220

4s (Mamestra), 220

bilinea (Polia), 197

bilinealis (Antarchaea), 249

637, 645,

( clxvil )

bilineata (Macalla), 364

biloba (Drymonia), 295

», (Hyperaeschra), 295

»» (Semidonta), 295

bilunaria (Selenia), x, xi

bimaculata (Diplolepis), 491

binotata (Ricania), 601

bipars (Oeceticoides), 347

bipartitus (Laelius), 467

bipennis (Nemoptera), 1xi

bipuncta (Schistophleps), 195

bipunctatus (Oxybelus), 132

bipunctella (Hypsotropha), 356

bipunetifera (Schoenobius), 356

(Tripanaea), 356

bipustulatus (Agabus), ii

- (Attelabus), 475

Pe (Chilocorus), lxx

Birmanicus (Nigidius), 446

bisacutum (Latirostrum), 258

biskrensis (Tachytes), 99

bispinosa (Ploiaria), 761

Biston, 309, 310, 311, 312

bithys (Catasticta), 524

bitinctella (Nephopteryx), 359

biundularia (Tephrosia), 316

biustus (Leptostylus), 466

bivirgae (Acronycta), 217

bivittellus (Crambus), 353

blackburni (Nesoprosopis), 725, 727

,, __(Nysius), 733

Blacus, 467

Blanaida, 169

blandula (Bryophilina), 215

Bleptina, 253, 254, 255

Boarinea, 316

Boarmia, 308, 312, 318, 314, 315, 316

Boarmianae, 298, 396

bohemani (Apion), 476

boisduvalii (Sagra), 471

boleti (Cis), 463

boliviana (Catasticta), 519

boliviensis (Catasticta), 519

Bombyliinae, lvii

Bombylius, 605, 606, 607

Bombyx, 243, 289, 350, 351

Bomolocha, 265

bodps (Astatus), 95, 96

bore (Oeneis), lxxxvii

borealis (Bruchophagus), 469

Borkhausenia, 695

bormansi (Diplatys), 21,

32, 33, 36,

Borolia, 201

Bostrichus, 491

Bostrychus, 462

Bothromyrmex, 182

Botys, 376 380, 388, 390

23, 26, 30,

Brachionycha, 284, 285

Brachymerus, 133

Brachyrhynchus, 491

Brachysyinbola, 718

Brachytarsus, 469

Bracon, 462, 465, 479, 481, 488, 485,

488, 489, 490

branicki (Urodonta), 293

braueri (Nysson), 109

Brenthis, Ixxxvii

brevicornis (Passaloecus), 70

(Rhopalicus), 479

brevifascialis (Syngamia), 377

Brevipecten, 248

brevipennis (Ilema), 393

PF (Lithosia), 393

Ny (Semiotus), 477

breviventris (Pachylarthrus), 470

brevivittalis (Bertula), 254

(Mastigophorus), 254

bruchicida (Sparthiophila), 469

bruchivorus (Meraporus), 470

Bruchophagus, 469, 470

Bruchus, 469, 470

brumosa (Acronycta), 216

brunnearia (Ectropis), 316

“ (Tephrosia), 316

brunneri (Bembex), 129

brutus (Charaxes), 54

bryographa (Peronea), 687

Bryomoea, 212

Bryomoia, 212

Bryophila, 211, 212, 213

Bryophilina, 214, 215

Bupalus, 300, 301

bupresticida (Cerceris), 77, 78, 79, 80

buprestoides (Melasis), 458

Busiris (Entedon), 477

Byctiscus, 475

byrsinitis (Stenoma), 713

Cacoecia, 678

caeca (Caradrina), 222

caelestis (Entedon), 458

caeruleolineata (Hastina), 332

Cafius, 454

caicus (Grammodia), | xiii

Calandra, 486, 487

Calandrae (Pteromalus), 486

c-album (Polygonia), iv

5, var. hutchinsoni (Polygonia),

iii, iv

calear (Proctotrypes), 453

calearatus (Alydus), xxx, xxxi

Calcaritis, 307

calculator (Microdus), 475

caldarena (Acraea), 60

caliginosa (Bleptina), 253

BS (Hypena), 262

(Gla 5)

callidii (Aetroxys), 465, 468

,, (Hetroxys), 465, 468

Callidium, 465

Callidryas, 171

Callidula, lxxiv, Ixxviii

Callidulidae, xxiv, Ixxviii

Callimerus, Ixxvi, xxviii

Callimome, 489

Calliphara, 591

Callopepla, evi, evii

Callophrys, xxx, 155

Callopistria, 210

calmariensis (Galeruca), 472

i (Galerucella), 472

Caloclytus, Ixxvi, Ixxvii, Ixxviii

calopteryx (Stizus), 120

Calosota, 461

Calosoter, 460

Calosphex, 75, 76

Calymnia, 214, 222, 223

Calyptus, 476

campanulae (Cleopus), 481

A (Miarus), 481

campestris (Cicindela), 452

Campoplex, 471, 484, 492

Campsomeris, 555, 556, 558

Camptochilus, 353

camptocladius (Anthrax), 621, 622

canaliculatus (Lyctus), 454, 462

candida (Stilpnotia), 395

candidaria (Bapta), 299

candiope (Charaxes), 52, 54

Canephora, 397

canesceus (Elis), 555

Canidiella, 479

canis (Ctenocephalus), vi

Canna, 215

capicola (Mutilla), 544

» (Stenomutilla), 544

capitalis (Tachysphex), 105

capito (Cerceris), 86, 87, 88, 92

,, (Dischistus), 611

Capnodes, 250, 251

capnoptera (Exoprosopa), 637, 645, 648

Caprilia, 396

Capsidae, 729

Capua, 674, 675

capucinus (Bostrychus), 462

caraborum (Prosacantha), 452

Caradrina, 221, 222

Carcharodus, 567, 572

cardamines (Euchloe), 1

cardui (Pyrameis), 1xxi

Carige, 321

carlottae (Cotylosoma), Ixxxv

Md (Prisopus), Ixxxv

carphitis (Antaeotricha), 710

Carposina, 673

Carposinidae, 673

carthami (Hesperia), 568

caryae (Xorides), 467

caspica (Cerceris), 82, 83

Cassida, 473, 474

Cassididae, ]xiv

castanea (Acosmeryx), 279

castaneiceps (Corgatha), 227

castaneum (Tetropium), 468

ss var. hirtum (Nicobium), 461

castra (Napata), evil

Catada, 257

Catasticta, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523;

524, 525, 526, 527

catella (Achaea), 242

catenalis (Nacoleia), 378

Catephia, 247

Catocala, 239, 240, 242

Catocalinae, 238

catocaloida (Acronycta), 217

Catogenus, 456

Catolaccus, 483, 484

Catophaga, lix, lx

caudatus (Platigaster), 473

», (Sigalphus), 476

5S (Thersilochus), 474

caustolomaria (Corymica), 300

caveata (Argyroploce), 691

Cechenena, 280

Cecidostiba, 490

cecilia (Mutilla), 549

Celama, 191, 192

Celeopsyche, 227

celestina (Tachyris), lix, lx

cembrae (Scoparia), 503, 507, 511, 512

cenea (Papilio), xevili, 50

centaureae (Hesperia), 1xxxvii

Centrotus, 601

centuriella (Scoparona), 506, 507, 510,

5138

Cephalomyia, lviii

Cephalonomia, 459, 460, 490, 492

Cephalonomyia, 463

Cephenomyia, lviii

cepheus (Barymutilla), 549

», (Mutilla), 549

cerago (Noctua), 204

Cerambycidae, Ixxviii

Cerambyx, 464, 465

Cerastis, 204

Ceratarcha, 380

cerberus (Catasticta), 520

Cerceris, 63, 64, 65, 66, 77, 78, 79, 80,

81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89,

90, 91, 92, 93

Cercopidae, 602

Cercopis, 602

Cerocephala, 461, 487, 488, 491

() (elie)

cervicalis (Seymnus), 455

cervicornis (Kulophus), 458

cervus (Lucanus), 435

cespitalis (Pyrausta), 390

ceto (Erebia), vi

Cetoniidae, xx

ceuthorrhynchi (Encyrtus), 484

a (Selitrichus), 484

Ceuthorrhynchidius, 485

Ceuthorrhynchus, 484

ceylonica (Nola), 192

ceyx (Lycaenopsis), 185, 186

Chabrias (Asecodes), 483

¥i (Cirrospilus), 483

Chabuata, 198

Chaerocampa, 278, 280

Chaetostricha, 475

Chaleidites, 474

chalciope (Nyridela), cvii

chalcodora (Ethmia), 718

Chaleosia, xxv, Ixxviii

Chaleosianae, 350

Chalcosiinae, Ixxv, lxxviii

chambezi (Acraea), lxv

Chamopsis, 415, 416

champa (Moma), 242

» var. ainu (Moma), 242

“5 (Trichosea), 242

Chamus, 413, 414, 415

charadrophilus (Odynerus), 720

Charaxes, Xxli, xxili, xxix, 51, 52, 53,

54, 55

charaxus (Mutilla), 529

Chasminodes, 225

Cheiropachus, see Cheiropachys, 460,

480

Cheiropachys, 460, 480, 488, 490

Chelidonii (Aleurodes), 455

chelifer (Chelodynerus), 726

Chelodynerus, 726

Chilo, 354

Chilocorus, lxx

chimaera (Ornithoptera), 16, 17, i8

chinensis (Nesoprosopis), 725

Chionamoeba, 615

Chittendeni (Plastanoxus), 463

Chittendenii (Anoxus), 462

Chlaenius, 453

Chlamys, 471

chlamytis (Tetrastichus), 471

Chlorion, 74

chlorizans (Baris), 485

chlorochroa (Machimia), 697

Chlorophorus, lxxvi

chlorotica (Bembex), 129

choaspitis (Lobophora), 331

a (Trichopteryx), 331

Choleva, v

Cholius, 506, 507

chordostoma (Cryptolechia), 704

Chreonoma, Ixxvii

chrysanthema (Atteria), 676

chrysidia (Pseudostegania), 333

chrysidice (Pseudostegania), 333

chrysippus (Danaida), xlvii

a f. dorippus (Danaida), 5

. (Danais)s 7a liz

Se (Platigaster), 477

chrysippusalis (Oligostigma), 371

Chrysobothris, 458

chrysolopha (Catasticta), 526

Chrysomela, 472

chrysomelae (Eulophus), 472

chrysomelinus (Tachyporus), ii

Chrysopa, xiii

Chrysophanus, Ixxxvii

chrysoplaca (Anacampsis), 694

Chrysostola, evii

chrysostoma (Capua), 675

chrysotricha (Discolia), 552

30 (Scolia), 552

Chrysoxena, 685

Chytonix, 211, 212

Cicada, 599

Cicadidae, 599

cicatricosa (Marasmia), 376

ciceri (Bruchus), 470

Cicindela, 452

Cidaria, Ixxi, 324, 325, 326, 332

cilia (Chasminodes), 225

», (Leocyma), 225

cilialis (Pyrausta), 390

Cimex, 591

cinerea, subsp. alberta (Acraea), Ixvi

», (Catasticta), 521

», (Formica), 657

cinnamommea (Anisotoma), 454

cinnamopterus (Pilophorus), xxxii

cioni (Entedon), 483

cionobius (Entedon), 483

Cionus, 483

circeis (Acraea), ]xxxi, lxxxii

Cireobotys, 384

circumdatus (Melamphaus), 596

Cirphis, 200, 201

Cirrospilus, 479, 480, 483

Cis, 462, 463

cithaeron (Charaxes), 54, 55

citrago (Cosmia), 205

», (Noctua), 205

citrina (Gangarides), 283

citroleuca (Cnephasia), 683

clarescens (Bactra), 689

claripennis (Sphecius), 125, 126, 127,

128, 129

clava (Apamea), 210

(

clava (Eriopus), 210, 211

clavicornis (Mycetoporus), 1xxxi

clavifera (Stenoma), 715

clelia (Mutilla), 545, 549

», (Stenomutilla), 545

cleopatra (Gonepteryx), |

Cleopus, 481

cleorides (Paragona), 266

clisias (Cnephasia), 685

cloantha (Mutilla), 540

- (Precis), 56

clotho (Campsomeris), 556

3» (Dielis); 556,557, 559

», (Blis), 556, 557, 559

clypeatus (Crabro), 134

NA (Thyreus), 134

elzx, *')

comitans (Nysius), 736

communis (Pteromalus), 473

comparata (Barymutilla), 550

- var. affecta (Barymutilla),

550

55 (Mutilla), 550

compedita (Solierella), 131

oF (Sylaon), 131

conchitis (Eulia), 681

concinna (Kubyjodonta), 309

As (Machimia), 697

concinnata (Boarmia), 312

Fa (Cidaria), xxi

A (Dysstroma), lxxi

confectus (Entedon), 465

confusa (Cyrtopeltis), 729, 730

elytoides (Daphisia), Ixxvi, 1xxviii, », (Lygranoa), 321

lxxix

Cnephasia, 677, 682, 683, 684, 685

Coccidae, civ, ev

Coccinella, Ixv, 455

Coccinellae, 472

Coceinellid, 455

Coccinellidae, 1xx

Coccoteris, 594

Coccus, 469

Codrus, 453

Coecilius (Eulophus), 469

coelata (Pseudomicronia), 345

coelebs (Dielis), 555

Sy CENLIS) Sooo

coelestina (Euagra), evii

Coeliodes, 484, 488

coeliodis (Catolaccus), 484

Coeloides, 466, 480

coenobita (Bombyx), 243

AS (Panthea), 243

Coenocalpe, 323

coenosulus (Nysius), 734, 737

coeruleus (Omophlus), 474

cognataria (Amphidasis), 309

Coleocentrus, 467

Coleoptera, 1xi

Colias, lii, lx, Ixxxvii

colla (Catasticta), 520, 525

collaris (Dielis), 554, 555

», (Blis), 554, 555

», (Hyperaeschra), 294

;, (Mecinus), 482

» (Tiphia), 554

Collix, 322

Colobochyla, 252

colon (Cheiropachys, 488

Coloptera, 73

Colpa, 558

comatus (Stauropus), 288, 289

comis (Cylindrepomus), Ixxvii, Ixxx

,, (Larentia), 325

3 (Planema), 5, 6

>, (Plusia), 244

», (Rivula), 268

confusemaculatus (Anthrax), 621

confusor (Monochammus), 467

confusorius (Ichneumon), 475

congerens (Formica), xlviii

conglobata (Ethmia), 717

coniceps (Nesoprosopis), 723, 724

conifer (Odynerus), 727

coniotalis (Metasia), 386

Conistra, 203, 204

conjuncta (Dasychira), 270

A (Heterogenea), 348

He (Limacodes), 348

“3 (Natada), 348

connexa (Catocala), 240

conradti eons, 416

o (Diplatys), 21, 28 26, 32, 44

consanguinea (Pla anema),

consanguis (Brevipecten), “D418

consimilis (Euripus), xxiii

a f. torsa (Euripus), xxiii

ae (Evergestis), 385

NA (Kentrochrysalis), 275

D6 (Pityophthorus), 491

consocians (Formica), 179

consonaria (Boarmia), 316

- (Ectropis), 316

. (Geometra), 316

consorta (Amatissa), 346

conspicualis (Scoparia), 502

conspureatus (Anthrax), 621

constabilis (Monima), 394

constellata (Coptotelia), 701

contigualis (Pyrausta), 390

continua (Perigea), 209

a (Prospalta), 209

convergens (Hippodamia), 455

conviva (Baeturia), 599

», (Cicada), 599

CG ‘eleai? )

cooki (Nesodynerus), 726

Coptotelia, 700, 701, 702, 703

Coquillettii (Ratzeburgia), 468

cora (Catasticta), 521

», (Euterpe), 521

cordigera (Anarta), 1xxxvii

core (Kuploea), 418, 419, 421

Coreidae, 594

Coremia, 326

coreta (Euploea), 418, 419, 421

Coreura, ¢evii

Corgatha, 227, 228

coriacea (Diplatis), 44

», (Forficula), 44

coridon, var. syngrapha (Agriades),

xxii

cornigera (Cerocephala), 461, 487

coronata (Apenesia), 456

Correbia, evii

correlata (Amoebotricha), 327

corrivalaria (Acidalia), 333

corruscus (Philonthus), Ixxxi

corticalis (Diplolepis), 491

corvula (Antaeotricha), 710

corydon (Agriades), 154

corylata (Cidaria), 326

», (Geometra), 326

», (Hydriomena), 326

Corymbites, xxiv

Corymica, 299, 300, 396

Cosinia, 204, 205, 222, 223

cosmius (Xylophanes), xiii

Cosmopsaltria, 599

Cosmoscarta, 602, 603

Cosmosoma, xxv, cvii

Cossidae, 191, 348

Cossus, 348

costae (Tachysphex), 102

costaemacula (Zethes), 250

costalis (Schoenobius), 355

», var. parvalis (Schoenobius),

costimacula (Nola), 192

costipuncta (Phiala), 164

Cotylosoma, lxxxv

coxalis (Kohlia), 115

Crabro, 64, 65, 138, 134, 135, 727

Crabronidae, 135

Crambina, 506

Crambinae, 353

Crambus, 353, 354, 358

Craspedia, 334

crassa (Lembeja), 599

erassicornis (Didineis), 111

43 (Stizus), 119

erassineura (Eurytoma), 488

crassistriga (Hyloicus), 274, 275

crataegata (Rumia), 136

crataegella (Dipleurina), 506, 507, 513

craterosema (Eulia), 678

Creatonotus, 391

Cremastochilides, xx

Cremastus, 152, 468

crenata (Gluphisia), 289

Creophilus, 453, 459

cretaceus (Eunotus), 480

cretea (Ourapteryx), 301

Crimia, 597

crimnodes (Borkhausenia), 695

crinanensis (Hydroecia), 741, 742, 743,

744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749

Criocephalus, 466

Crioceris, 471

cristata (Mutilla), 536

crocalis (Phlyctaenodes), 385

Crocidophora, 384

Croesus, 1

croixi (Diplatys), 36

Crossocerus, 65, 134

cruciata (Saperda), 466

Crypsicomata, 300

crypterythrus (Odynerus), 720

Cryptoblabes, 363, 364

Cryptocephalus, 471

Cryptolechia, 704

Cryptus, 464, 467, 487

Ctenocephalus, vi, vii

Ctenopseustis, 681

ctenopterus (Systoechus), 607, 609

Ctenucha, evli

Cucula, 318

Cucullia, 203

Cucullianae, 203

cuculus (Odontosia), 294

culiciformis (Aegeria), v, vi

Cupido, 150

cuprea (Miresa), 348

curculionoides (Attelabus), 475

% (Diplolepis), 481

curculionum (Eurytoma), 478, 481, 482

curta (Oligostigma), 371

curtipennis (Reduviolus), 729

curvata (Euproctis), 271

curvifera (Paricana), 600

curviferalis (Hypena), 260

curvilinea (Leucania), 202

45 (Meliana), 202

rf (Rivula), 269

cyanator (Cryptus), 464

cyanea (Discolia), 551

», (Scolia), 551

cyanealis (Nacoleia), 379

cyanescens (Stizus), 115

eyaneus (Ocypus), Ixv

cyaniceps (Eupelmus), 470

cyanipes (Scutellera), 591

(telxsat, )

Cyaniris, xxiii, 154

Cyanopepla, evii

eyclica (Perigea), 209

Cycloneda, 455

Cyclosia, Ixxv, Ixxviii

Cyclotorna, xxvii, 577, 588, 589, 590

Cyclotornidae, 590

Cylindrepomus, Ixxvil, 1xxviii, ]xxix

Cylindrogaster, 31, 35, 38

Cymatophora, 281, 282

Cymatophoridae, 191, 280

cynorta (Papilio), xe

cyparissias (Kuphorbia), 468

Cyrtojana, 161, 162

Cyrtopeltis, 729, 730

cytheris (Mutilla), 533

dacica (Cerceris), 82

», Var. magnifica (Cerceris), 82, 83

», var. opulenta (Cerceris), 82, 83

Dactylipsa, Ixxvii, lxxix

Dactylopiinae, ev

Dactylopius, ev

Dadica, 221

daemonius (Nesocrabo), 727

dahlbomi (Bembex), 130

daimenes (Pteromalus), 480

d’Albertisi (Delias), 18

dallasi (Nysius), 732

damone (Euchloé), 1

Danaida, xlvii, liii, 5

Danainae, xlvi

Danais, 170, 171, 172

Daphisia, Ixxiii, Ixxvi, Ixxviii, ]xxix

dardanus (Papilio), xxxvili, xxxix, xli,

Dasycampa, 204

Dasychira, 270, 271, 288

Dasylabris, 537, 543, 544

Dasylabroides, 540

datanidia (Fagitana), 211

A. (Nephelodes), 211

daubei (Plusia), 245

daveyi (Isotamia), 627, 628

davidis (Anceryx), 275

», (Hyloicus), 275

Decetia, 352

decimator (Procinetus), 468

decipiens (Molybdamoeba), 617, 619

decipirus (Mutilla), 532

decisus (Dindymus), 596

decussata (Striglina), 352

defectata (Larentia), 333

65 (Pseudostegania), 333

definita (Boarmia), 315

DeGeeri (Kupelmus), 469

Deilemera, xlvi, liv, xevi, xevii, xeviii

Deilephila, 278

Deilinia, 299

Deiopeia, 237

deipyrus (Tetrastichus), 465, 489

delecta (Chrysobothris), 458

delectulus (Nysius), 736, 737

delectus (Nysius), 732, 733, 734, 736,

737

deletaria (Bapta), 298

Delias, lxii, 16, 18, 19

delicatior (Uliocnemis), 336

delicatulus (Gastroplakaeis), 166

a (Gorytes), 114

xlii, 1 5 (Harpactus), 114

55 f. cenea (Papilio), xxxiii, | Demas, 243

XXXIV, Xxxv, _xxxvi, | dembowskii (Notodonta), 291

XXXViil, Xxxvili, xxxix, | demodocus (Papilio), xevili

xl, xli, xlii, xlvii, lxxii

dardanus (Papilio), xliv

f. hippocoon (Papilio), xx xiii,

XXXIV, XXXV, XXXVI, XXXVIi,

Sogn eooobe sdb dhe

xhiii, 1xxii

f, leighi (Papilio), xxxiv,

OO | SOSH, | pdo.drahl

Sosapin, Sooobey ohh odhve

xiii

f. mixtus (Papilio), xlii

f. niobe (Papilio), xliii

f. planemoides (Papilio),

xoedbey edly dhe, Sd hih obit.

xliv, xlvii

tibullus (Papilio), xliv

f. trophonius (Papilio),

SOON | | Re-Oahe, XXXV,

POOP LOS OBE dod;

RoCabiG Sidhly Sdkvhy sdhhy

demoleus (Papilio), 49, 50

dendroctoni (Cecidostiba), 490

Dendrophilus, 454

| denigrator (Atanycolus), 457

dentata (Catasticta), 522

dentatus (Apoda), 349

(Heterogenea), 349

(Limacodes), 349

ss (Phloeosinus), 490

denticlathrata (Pomasia), 329

denticollis (Physophoroptera), 409

dentifascia (lodis), 341

dentiferus (Litorrhynchus), 630, 632

dentipes (Dinetus), 106

5, (Odontomerus), 457, 488

deplana (Lithosia), xlix

deplanatus (Pteromalus), 484

depressus (Pytho), 475

| Dermestes, 457

| Deropeltis, 1x xiii

(

despicata (Barymutilla), 549

Destolmia, 284, 285

destructor (Scolytus), 488

dewitzi (Philoponus), 94

Diacrisia, 392

diadematus (Dischistus), 610

Dialithoptera, 193

diana (Saturnia), 344

Dianthoecia, 206

Diaparsis, 486

Diceropyga, 599

Dichagyris, 229

Dichomeris, 695

dicissa (Geometra), 342

Didineis, 111

didyma (Apamea), 207

», (Kuplexia), 207

3 (Noctua), 206

dieckmanni (Geometra), 339

5 (Megalochlora), 339

Dielis, 457, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558

difficilis (Nesoprosopis), 727

diffusa (Naranga), 231

diffusus (Anthrax), 620, 621, 622

dilatatus (Litorrhynchus), 632, 634

», (Platymischus), 454

Dilinia, 298, 299

diluta (Lyramorpha), 594

dimidiata (Colpa), 558

& (Exoprosopa), 636, 640, 641,

642, 643

dimidiatipennis (Dielis), 554

e (Elis), 554

dimidiatus (Elachestus), 474

Be (Nysson), 110

Dindymus, 596

Dinetus, 106

dingana (Leptoneura), 61

Dinia, evi, evii

diocletiana (Euploea), xxiii

Diodontus, 64, 68, 69, 70, 71

Diomea, 250, 251

Dioryctria, 361, 362

Diospilus, 458, 462, 484

Diplatys, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,

99, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,

39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44

Dipleurina, 506, 507, 513

Diplolepis, 481, 490, 491, 492

Diploptera, 62

Dirades, 346

directa (Trichotaphe), 694

disa (Amauris), 424

Dischistus, 605, 610, 611, 612

discipennis (Aleochara), |xiii

discisigna (Leucinodes), 257

“ (Nodaria), 257

Discocephalinae, 592

elxxiii)

discoidea (Saperda), 467

Discolia, 551, 552, 553

discolor (Cercopis), 602

;, (Cosmoscarta), 602

,, (Garaeus), 304

», (Hygrochroa), 304

»» (Scolia), 555

fo) (stizus); tl; 1s

discriminata (Exoprosopa), 636, 641,

642, 643

discus (Delias), ]xii

disjuncta (Hemithea), 337

7 (Trigonodes), 247

dispar (Bracon), 462

», (Discolia), 552

» (Scolia), 552

disputabilis (Palarus), 108

dissimilis (Boarmia), 314

35 (Proxenus), 219

distans (Hygrochroa), 303, 304

» (Pericallia), 303

distincta (Catasticta), 523

i (Lissonota), 474

distinctus (Entedon), 480

. (Omophlus), 474

Dithecodes, 343

divergens (Camptochilus), 353

diversella (Polyocha), 357

dives (Ammophila), 72

,, (Kremochares), 72

», (Spatalia), 297

divisa (Cereopis), 602

», (Cosmoscarta), 602

,, (Ctenucha), evii

divitalis (Stericta), 366

divitiacus (Entedon), 480

dixanthia (Trichura), evii

Dixophlebia, evii

dizona (Villa), 624

doerriesi (Spatalia), 297

Dohertyi (Lucanus), 435, 436

dohrni (Diplatys), 26, 33

Dolbina, 274

Dolichomutilla, 533, 534, 541, 542

dolosa (Amycles), evii

domestica (Musca), 497, 498

r (Scleroderma), 464

domesticum (Anobium), 460

3 (Scleroderma), 461, 464

dominicanus (Amauris), xxxiii, xlli

Doreatoma, 462

Dorchaschema, 468

dorsigera (‘Toxocampa), 248

doryca (Cicada), 599

», (Cosmopsaltria), 599

Doryctes, 461, 462

dorycus (Euagoras), 597

,, (Pristhesancus), 598

dorycus (Zelus), 597

dotata (Noctua), 241

», (Ophiusa), 241

doubledayaria (Amphidasis), 309

doublieri (Hymenorus), 474

Doumeti (Pteromalus), 470

Drepana, 351

Drepanidae, 191, 351

dresdensis (Dorcatoma), 462

dryas (Satyrus), 168

Drymonia, 288, 295, 296

Dryocaetes, 491

dryope (Eurytela), 59

dubia (Euralia), xlv, xlvi

(Liodes), xlix

», (Orgyia), 160

dubiosata (Philereme), 322

rr (Scotosia), 322

dubiosus (Odynerus), 726

dubitalis (Scoparia), 503, 507, 508, 509,

513

var.

508

ductilis (Trigonoderus), 460

dulcamarae (Haltica), 473

, (Psylliodes), 473

dulcissima (Nolasena), 236

5 (Paracrama), 236

Duliophyle, 308

dumerilii (Luperina), 1xxxviii

dumetorum (Nesoprosopis), 723, 724

duodecempunctatus (Cryptocephalus),

ss ingratella (Scoparia),

duodecem-striatus (Anommatus), 456

duplana (Rhyacionia), li, lii

duplicata (Gelastocera), 234

duplicatus (Barypithes), xxvii

duplicifimbria (Striglina), 852

dura (Mutilla), 534

dux (Agyrta), evii

Dycladia, evii

dycladioides (Chrysostola), evii

Dyscritina, 35, 38, 45, 46

Dysdaemonia, xxv

Dysdercus, 596

Dysodius, 597

Dysstroma, ]xxi

eatoni (Cerceris), 85

(Harpactopus), 74

(Miscophus), 131

(Sphex), 74

,, (Tachysphex), 102

Eceopteroma, 234

Eedicius, 593

echeria (Amauris), xxxviii, 3, 9, 422,

423, 424

jacksoni (Amauris), 421

f. steckeri (Amauris), 4

celxxiv

)

echerioides (Papilio), 49, 50

echthroides (Cryptus), 487

a (Helcostizus), 487

ecostatus (Odynerus), 726

Ectatops, 596

Ectenus, 594

Ectropis, 316, 317

Edema, 229

eduardi (Tachysphex), 103

edusa (Colias), lii

ab. helice (Colias), lii

,, ab, helicina (Colias), lii

efllorescens (Hypocala), 247

ega (Catophaga), lix, lx

egena (Cyclotorna), 588, 589, 590

egens (Nesodynerus), 726 |

egialea (Amauris), xlv

Elachestus, 474

Elachistid, 482

electrias (Argyroploce), 691

elegans (Cosmosoma), evii

(Macalla), 364

(Polysphincta), 461

(Thyridanthrax), 625, 649

»”)

”

| elegantulus (Hemisodorecus), 439, 440,

441

55 (Oxybelus), 133

Elemana, 593, 594

Elis, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559

ella (Acraea), Ixvi

elongatulus (Crabro), 134

es (Crossocerus), 134

elongatus (Delias), 19

», (Pteromalus), 481

eluta (Hemithea), 337

Elydna, 221, 222

Elymnias, 170, 171, 172

emarginata (Callopepla), evii

(Cerceris), 63, 80, 81

33 (Leipoxais), 166

embla (Erebia), Ixxxvii

emeris (Catasticta), 519

Emmalocera, 358

encamina (Machimia), 696

encaustella (Acrobasis), 363

encedon (Acraea), liv, lv

- f. daira (Acraea), 5

Encyrtus, 455, 469, 472, 478, 484, 489

endoica (Catasticta), 526

Endomychobius, 456

Endomychus, 456

Endotricha, 367, 368

Endotrichinae, 367

Enispa, 225, 226

Enmonodia, 238

Entedon, 458, 465, 469, 470, 475, 477,

480, 483, 484, 485

epaea (Planema), xe, xci, xciy

be)

€ “eleexy. |)

epaea paragea (Planema), xc, xci, xciii { Kuborellia, xvi

epeoliformis (Nysson), 109, 110

var. ditior (Nysson), 109

Ephialtes, 458, 464, 465, 466, 467, 485

Ephoria, 307

Epicrocis, 361

Epione, 305, 307

Epipaschianae, 364

Epiplemidae, 352

Epipomponia, 350

Epipyrops, 350

Episilia, 196, 197

Epistor, 1xili

equestris (Cassida), 474

erasa (Dithecodes), 343

Erasmia, 350

Erastria, lxi, 230

Erastrianae, 225, 394

erato (Heliconius), ii

,», estrella (Heliconius), i

aA » #. feyeri (Heliconius), i, ii

»» 4. ilia (Heliconius), i, ii

Erebia, vi, Ixxxiii, Ixxxvii, lxxxviii,

Ixxxix

Eremochares, 72, 73

Ergates, 463

Ericsoni (Gnaphaloryx), 443

erinnyis (Mutilla), 548

F (Odontomutilla), 548

Eriococcus, cv

eriophora (Elis), 555

ae (Seolia), 555

Eriopus, 210, 211

Eriopyga, 199

eriphia (Antichloris), evi

eriphyle (Erebia), vi

Erirrhinus, 481

ernesti (Diplatys), 21, 22, 28, 27, 35, 36

Ernobius, 460, 461

Erosia, 319

erotias (Machimia), 698

errabunda (Rivula), 269

errabundus (Campoplex), 471

a (Holocremnus), 471

erubescens (Nysson), 110

erucalis (Pyralis), 385

eruditus (Hypothenemus), 490

erythraeus (Litorrhynchus), 634

erythrocephala (Oberea), 468

erythrognathus (Odynerus), 726

Eryx, lxxxvii

Eterusia, 350

ethalion (Charaxes), 51, 52, 54

Ethmia, 717, 718

euadrusalis (Orthaga), 367

Euagoras, 597

Euagra, evi, cvii

Eubazus, 476

Eubyja, 309, 310

Eubyjodonta, 309

Eucereon, eviii

Euchera, 352

Euchloé, 1

Euchloris, 336, 339

Euchromia, xcix

Kuchrysia, 458

Eucosma, 688

Kucosmidae, 688

eucyane (Napata), evii

Endoria, 505, 506, 507, 510, 514, 515,

516

eugenia (Cerceris), 80

Kugraphia, 222

Euhampsonia, 284

Eulia, 677, 678, 579, 680, 681

Eulocastra, 230, 231

eulophoides (Pteromalus), 489

Eulophus, 458, 469, 470, 472, 473, 477,

478, 484, 485

Eunotus, 480

Eupelmus, 469, 470, 473, 478

Euphorbia, 468

Euphorus, 455, 472

euphrosyne (Brenthis), 1xxxvil

Eupithecia, 329, 330

Euplexia, 206, 207, 208

Euploea, iv, xxii, xxiii, xlvii, 169, 171,

417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 423, 424,

425

Eupoecilia, 1xx

Euproctis, 271, 272

Eupterotidae, 191, 283

EKuralia, xlv, xlvi

Euricania, 601

Euripus, xxiii

europaea (Ancistromma), 66, 105

5 (Tachytes), 100

Eurota, evil

Eurukuttarus, 347

Eurycarenus, 605, 611, 613

euryclealis (Botys), 380

a (Lygropia), 380, 381

Eurycyttarus, 347

Eurytela, 59

Eurytoma, 458, 462, 469, 476, 477,

478, 480, 481, 482, 484, 485, 486,

487, 488, 489, 490, 491

eurytus (Planema), xciv

EKusandalum, 466, 468

Eustroma, 323, 324

Eutelia, 231, 232

Eutelianae, 231

Eutelus, 455

Euterpe, 519, 520, 521, 522, 527

Euxoa, 195, 196

(Criekoevi _)

Evergestis, 385

Evetria, li

exacta (Dolbina), 274

exaltata (Mutilla), 536

exaltatus (Salius), xxxi

exanthemata (Cucula), 318

(Perenia), 318

exarator (Spathius), 460, 461

excavata (Acanthocampa), 396, 397

excellens (Heydenia), 489

excelsior (Isognathus), lxiii

excisa (Acontia), 230

exhausta (Baeturia), 599

5 (Cieada), 599

exigua (Calymnia), 222

», (Mesogona), 222

exigualis (Pionea), 388

exiguus (Bruchus), 470

exocentri (Blacus), 467

Exocentrus, 467

Exochus, 457, 461

Exoprosopa, 606, 616, 627,

649, 650, 651, 653

experta (Cyclotorna), 588, 589

exsecta (Formica), xlviii, 179, 665

exstincta (Hadena), 206

extimalis (Evergestis), 385

+ (Pyralis), 385

extraneus (Odynerus), 726

extrema (Deiopeia), 237

4 (Sinna), 237

a4 ab. unicolor (Sinna), 237

exulans, var.

Ixxxvii

faber (Ergates), 463

fabius (Charaxes), xxiii

fabrefactaria (Cidaria), 326

facilis (Nesoprosopis), 725, 727

fagi (Apion), 476

», (Orchestes), 480

Fagitana, 211

fairmairei (Eryx), lxxxvii

43 (Gorytes), 112

falcata (Eecopteroma), 234

falcatus (Diplatys), 22, 24, 30

», (Ibiceps), 601

falciger (Perilitus), 472

fallax (Planema), 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 13

falsidicalis (Syngamia), 377

fasciatella (Dielis), 556

BH (Elis), 556, 557

5 (Seolia), 556

fasciatipennis (Dielis), 558

a (Elis), 558

5 (Seolia), 558

fasciatus (Aradophagus), 491

628, 629,

635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641,

642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648,

vanadis (Anthrocera),

fasciatus (Ctenocephalus), vi, vii

_ (Dasychira), 288

* (Stizus), 119, 122

4 (Tachyporus), ii

fasciola (Corgatha), 227

fasciosa (Ampelophaga), 278

fascipennis (Megalyra), 463

fatua (Catada), 257

fausta (Lecithocera), 694

favicolor (Leucania), Ixxxvi, lxxxvii

eA ab. lutea (Leucania), Ixxxvi

feae (Diplatys), 44

Feisthameli (Sphenognathus), 428

429, 430, 431

felina (Campsomeris), 558

», (Dielis), 558

», (Elis), 558

felis (Ctenocephalus), vi

fella (Diplatys), 22, 28, 39

femoralis (Eulophus), 473

33 (Exochus), 461

4 (Polyclistus), 461

x (Pternistria), 594

femorata (Chrysobothris), 458

fenestralis (Thyridanthrax), 626

fenestrata (Scolia), 554

fenestratus (‘Thyridanthrax), 62&

fenestella (Coptotelia), 701

fenestrella (Coptotelia), 701

fennica (Hoplosia), 465

fennicus (Cerambyx), 465

fentoni (Nodaria), 257

Fentonia, 286

ferreolutea (Siglophora), 237

ferreri (Cerceris), 88

ferruginea (Hadjina), 220

ya (Siglophora), 237

ferruginella (Acrobasis), 363

ferrugineus (Systoechus), 608

i (Tettigonia), 604

fervens (Macrochthonia), 234

fervidus (Pompilus), 560

festiva (Kpisilia), 196, 197

», (Noctua), 196

festivus (Bassus), 478

», (Pompilus), 560

», (Promethes), 478

ficus (Loganius), 488

Fidia, 471

| Fidiobia, 471

filicornis (Tachysphex), 101

filicum (Nesoprosopis), 722

filiformis (Sichelia), 463

> (Xylonomus), 463, 465

fimbriares (Plossa), 348

fininigra (Loxophlebia), evil

fischeri (Cerceris), 79, 80

», (Prisopus), lxxxiv

( tchown)

flabellata (Atteria), 676

flabelliformis (Prisopus), lxxxiv

flagellaria (Gelasma), 341

a3 (Hemithea), 341

e (Thalera), oe

flagrans (Calliphara), 5

», (Tetrathia), soe

flaminius (Encyrtus), 472

»» (Homalotylus), 472

flammea (Scea), cvi

flava (Chrysopa), xiii

flavago (Gortyna), 468

flavator (Bracon), 462

flavescens (Noctua), 204

iB (Thyatira), 281

xs (Villa), 624, 625

flaviceps (Nematopus), 596

s3 (Priocnemicoris), 596

flavicollis (Diplatys), 21, 22, 26, 34

flavicornis (Rhamphus), "480

flavida (Thyatira), 280, 281

flavifrons (Scymnus), 456

Ae (Sphex), 555

flavipennis (Sphex), 77

flavipes (Endomychobius), 456

,, (Fidiobia), 471

flavirons (Sphex), see flavifrons (Sphex)

flavofascialis (Rhodaria), 367

flavomaculata (Catasticta), 526

flavus (Lasius), 180, 181, 668

fletcheri (Diplatys), 22, 28, 28, 39

flexuosa (Hypena), 264

floccosa (Sypna), 246

fluetuatus (Tachysphex), 101

fluctuosalis (Nymphula), 371

fluminata (Stenoma), 716

foedalis (Isopteryx), 372

», (Nymphula), 372

foliator (Nototrachys), 474

fonscolombei (Scleroderma), 489

fonscolombii (Sympetrum), lii

Forficula, 29, 41

Forficularia, 45

Formica, xxxi, xlviii, 175, 176, 177,

178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 657,

665

formicetorum (Stenus), lxxxi

formiciformis (Cephalonomyia), 463

(Theocolax), 460

ormosa (Dielis), 457

forticornis (Mycetoporus), 1xxxi

Fossores, 62, 529

foveolatum (Tyloderma), 483

fraterna (Elymnias), 170, 171, 172

fraxini (Catocala), 240

», (Eurytoma), 489

», (Hylesinus), 489, 491

s, (Noctua), 240

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., v. 1911.

fraxini (Stereonychus), 483

frequentella (Eudoria), 506, 507, 514,

515, 516

freya (Brenthis), lxxxvii

freygessneri (Tachytes), 98, 99

friesei (Diodontus), 68

frigga (Brenthis), ]xxxvii

frontalis (Phloeotribus), 490

Fryi (Lucanus), 431, 432, 433

fugax (Rhodia), 344

»» (Rhodinia), 344

fulgidus (Pteromalus), 484

Fulgoridae, 582, 600

fuliginosa (Choleva), v

se (Eriopyga), 199

. (Hyphilare), 199

fuliginosus (Lasius), x, xxxii, 1xxxiii,

180, 181, 182, 664, 665,

666, 667, 668, 669, 670,

671, 672

ES (Stizus), 124

fulvago (Cosmia), 204

» ab. asiatica (Cosmia), 204, 205

» (Noctua), 204

», (Xanthia), 204, 205

fulvipes (Eurytoma), 489

», (Petrorossia), 615, 616

fulvotaenia (Ophiusa), 241

fumifascia (Encyrtus), 455

fumipennis (Astatus), 95, 96

fundigera (Machimia), 696

funerea (Cerceris), 80

fur (Ptinus), 459

furva (Hypena), 262

fusca (Formica), 175, 176, 177, 178,

179, 180, 657, 665

», race fusco-rufibarbis (Formica),

xoxox

fuscicornis (Sclerochloa), 489

fuscipes (Cis), 463

», (Systropha), 393

fuscirostre (Apion), 478

fusifera (Phtheochroa), 674

Gadirtha, 232

galactina (Bembex), 129

galathea (Melanargia), xxi, Ixxii

» var. lugens (Melanargia),

xlvili

», var. procida (Melanargia),

xxii

», var. syracusana(Melanargia),

lxxil

Galeruca, 472

galerucae (Oomyzus), 472

», (Pteromalus), 474

,, (Tetracampe), 474

Galerucella, 472

gallarum (Pteromalus), 472

( elxxvili )

gallerucae (Oomyzus), see galerucae | glaucotorna (Oruza), 226

(Oomyzus)

gallica (Polistes), xxx

5, (Scoparia), 507, 512

gallicus (Miscophus), 131

Gangarides, 283

Garaeus, 300, 304

Garleppi (Sphenognathus), 428, 429,

430, 431

Gastropacha, 136

Gastroplakaeis, 166

Gastrosericus, 106

gaudens (Catocala), 240

gazagnairei (Gorytes), 112

Ba (Stizus), 117, 118

Gelasma, 341

Gelastocera, 234, 235

Gelechia, 692, 693

Gelechiadae, 692

gelida (Nemoria), 340

gemmata (Dialithoptera), 193

gemmifer (Kerana), lxxv

generosus (Marcius), 596

genistae (Apion), 477

gensanalis (Capnodes), 250

55 (Circobotys), 384

74 (Crocidophora), 384

a (Zethes), 250

gensanaria (Corymica), 300

gensanellus (Chilo), 354

geographica (Cacoecia), 678

Geometra, 303, 309, 316, 324, 326,

330, 338, 339, 342

Geometridae, 191, 298, 396

Geometrinae, 336, 397

germanica (Cicindela), 452

a (Panorpa), lxiv

5 (Vespa), 127

gerstaeckeri (Diplatys), 21, 22, 23, 27,

35, 36, 38, 41

ae var, calidasa (Diplatys), 35

ie Nannopygia, 35, 42, 43

gibba (Eurytoma), 476, 477, 478

gibbulus (Mesochorus), 479

gigantea (Agylla), 194

a (Lithosia), 194

be (Lomatia), 614

an (Notodonta), 290

ue (Peridea), 290

giganteus (Acantharades), 597

a (Sphenognathus), 428, 429,

430

gigas (Leucospis), lvii

gladiator (Diplatys), 22, 24, 29

glandarius (Odontomerus), 485

glandium (Balaninus), 485

glaphyrus (Bracon), 485

glaucopa (Stenoma), 712

glauculalis (Glyphodes), 382

elaucus (Ceuthorrhynchus), 484

Gluphisia, 289

glyphodalis (Phryganodes), 378

Glyphodes, 381, 382

Gnaphaloryx, 443, 444

Gnophos, 311

godefredi (Campsomeris), 556

af (Dielis), 556

5 (Elis), 556, 557

Gonatopus, 460

gonatus (Pteromalus), 460

Gonepteryx, xxv, |

Gonionota, 700

Gonodontis, 302, 303

gorgon (Epistor), ]xiii

Gortyna, 220, 221, 468

Gorytes, 65, 112, 118, 114

goschkevetschii (Blanaida), 169

grabezewskii (Hutelia), 232

gracilalis (Scoparia), 502

Gracilia, 465

gracilicornis (Ectatops), 596

gracilipes (Diodontus), 69

gracilis (Campoplex), 484

,, (Cylindrogaster), 31

», (Diplatys), 23, 25, 31

», (Ephialtes), 466

», (Oeme), 468

gracilitarsis (Tachysphex), 103, 104

gracillima (Ammophila), 73

graeseri (Notodonta), 291

graminellae (Pimpla), 483

graminicola (Meraporus), 486

graminis (Chrysomela), 472

Grammesia, 223

Grammodia, |xiii

granaria (Calandra), 486

grandificaria (Thalassodes), 343

= (Thalera), 343

grandis (Eriopyga), 199

», ab, bicolor (Eriopyga), 199

, (Mythimna), 199

», (Nigidius), 761

5 (Stizus), 121

‘ (Trichura), evii

granitalis (Thera), 326

granulatus (Brachyrhynchus), 491

graslini (Luperina), lxxxviii

gratiosa (Petrorossia), 615, 616

Gravenhorsti (Pezomachus), 483

gravipes (Exochus), 457

greeni (Diplatys), 22, 28, 27, 32, 36,

37, 38

griffithsi (Diplatys), 22, 28, 27, 37

grisealis (Orthaga), 366

grisescens (Kctropis), 317

¢ -elxaax "")

grisescens ab. obliqua (Ectropis), 317

35 (Tephrosia), 317

grosvenori (Acraea), Ixvi

guderiana (Charaxes), 51, 52

gueneei (Luperina), ii, ili,

Ixxxvill

», var. baxteri (Luperina), li, ill

», var. fusca (Luperina), iti

ab. murrayi (Luperina), ii

guineensis (Dolichomutilla), 583, 542

e (Mutilla), 542

gulussa (Ammophila), 72

», (Psammophila), 72, 73

gummiferae (Hulophus), 470

guttiventris (Vipio), 468

gymnetri (Pimpla), 481

Gymnetron, 481, 482

gyrini (Gausocentrus), 453

5, (Hemiteles), 453

Gyrinus, 453

hadassa (Anisodes), 299

», (Syntaracta), 299

», ab. unicolor (Syntaracta), 299

Hadena, 206, 209

Hadeninae, 197, 394

Hadjina, 220

haemapera (Pheia), evil

haemataula (Machimia), 699

haemorrhoidalis (Athous), iii

haimatosoma (Ammophila), 73

Halavrita, 600

haleakalae (Nysius), 735

i (Odynerus), 726

Halias, 236

halitherses (Euripus), xxii

Haltica, 473

Halydinae, 592

Halys, 594

hampsoni (Asinduma), 233

re (Nola), 192

hampsonialis (Hypena), 261

handlirschi (Miscophus), 131

hanga (Cosmosoma), evii

hannibal (Crabro), 134

33 (Lindenius), 134

hanningtoni (Amauris), 422

Harpactopus, 74

Harpactus, 113, 114

harpagula (Bombyx), 351

5s (Drepana), 351

harrisii (Euploea), 424

Harrisimemna, 213

hartliebi (Cerceris), 66, 87, 88

Hastina, 332

hatami (Libythea), 20

hawaiiensis (Cyrtopeltis), 730

*p (Odynerus), 726

hecabe (Chalcosia), Ixxv, lxxviii

Ixxxvil,

hecabe (Cyclosia), Ixxv, Ixxviii

», (Terias), xxv, lxxvi, ]xxvili

Hecabolus, 460, 461

hecate (Amauris), xlv, 424

hegemon (Catasticta), 520

,, (Eulophus), 484, 485

Helcon, 466

Helcostizus, 487

helena (Hyperalonia), 651, 653

Heliconius, i

heliopolites (Tachysphex), 100

Helonotus, 598

Helophorus, xx

Hemeroplanes, Ixiii

Hemimerus, Ixiv

Hemipenthes, 622, 623

Hemisodoreus, 439, 440, 441, 442

Hemiteles, 453, 471, 479

Hemithea, 337, 338, 341

hemixanthopterus (Sphecius),

125, 127, 129

hercules (Acronycta), 217

Herculia, 369, 370

hermione (Eurota), evii

Hesperia, xxvi, lxxxvii, 563, 564, 565,

568, 569, 573

Hesperidae, lxxiv, Ixxviii, 169, 171, 569

hesperus (Argyramoeba), 615, 616

»» (Petrorossia), 615

hessii (Anthrax), 621

hetaera (Catocala), 240

Heterarthrellus, 456

Heterocera, 355, 365

heterocera (Exoprosopa), 638, 649

Heterogenea, 235, 348, 349, 350

Heterogyna, 62

Heteronus, 486

Heteroptera, 591

heteropus (Ephialtes), 464

Heterostylum, 613

Heterusia, 350

Hetroxys, 465

Heydenia, 489

heydenii (Ammophila), 74

hiarbas (Eurytela), 59

Hieraceum, 459

hilarella (Epicrocis), 361

hilaris (Aufidus), 602

hiloensis (Nysius), 735, 736

Himeropteryx, 297

Himotica, 705

Hipparchia, 1

hippia (Entedon), 484

Hippodamia, 455

hirsuta (Ammophila), 72

,, (Psammophila), 72

Hirsutina, 154

hirsutum (Nicobium), 461

M 2

124,

(y elxxx, )

hirsutum var. longiventre (Nicobium),

461

hirticollis (Scolia), 555

hirtus (Dischistus), 611

Hispella, 473

Hispidae, lxxvii

hispoides (Plaxomicrus), Ixxvii, lxxix

Hister, 454

histrio (Palarus), 107

hobleyi (Pseudacraea), xci, xcii, xciii,

XclV

hochenwarthi (Plusia), Ixxxvii

Holcopelte, 470

Holocremnus, 471

holopyrrha (Cryptolechia), 704

holosericata (Acidalia), 336

Homalotylus, 455, 472

homeyeri (Sisyrophanus), 611, 612

homoeochroma (Nesoprosopis), 722, 723

ea (Nesoprosopis), 723,

homogeneus (Anthrax), 620, 622, 623

Homoptera, 599

hopfferi (Catasticta), 520

Hoplosia, 465

horrida (Mutilla), 546

Hubbardii (Eusandalum), 466

5 (Ratzeburgia), 466

hubneri (Catasticta), 525

hula (Nesoprosopis), 721, 722

humeralis (Palarus), 107

humilis (Acraea), lxv, Ixxxi

», (Villa), 625

hyacintha (Cnephasia), 682

Hyalanthrax, 624

hyale (Colias), lii

hyalinipennis (Cephalonomia), 490

hyalipennis (Stizus), 123

hyalodiscalis (Pyrausta), 391

Hybernia, xxiv

hybridus (Pirates), xxix

Hydrilla, 219

Hydrillodes, 254, 255

Hydriomena, 326

Hydrocampa, 370

Hydrocampinae, 370

Hydroecia, cix, 220, 221, 738, 739,

740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746,

747, 748, 749

hydrogramma (Cnephasia), 683

3 (Coptotelia), 702

Hygrochroa, 303, 304

hylaeus (Nysius), 785

Hylastes, 489

hylesinum (Diplolepis), 490

Hylesinus, 489, 491

Hylocrabro, 727

Hyloicus, xxv, 2738, 274, 275

Hylophila, 236

hylophilus (Odynerus), 720°

Hylotrypes, 464

Hylurgus, 489, 490, 491

Hymenoptera, 63, 67, 719

Hymenoptera Aculeata, 528

Hymenorus, 474

Hypena, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264,

265, 266

Hypeninae, 252, 395

Hypera, 472, 478, 479

Hyperaeschra, 294, 295

Hyperalonia, 606, 635, 651

hyperanthus (Aphantopus),

Hyphilare, 199

Hypocala, 246, 247

Hypochrysops, xxv

Hypoderma, xxvii

Hypolimnas, xliv, lili

Hypolycaena, c

hypomelaena (Exoprosopa), 638, 651

Hyponomeutidae, 717

Hypophloeus, 1xxxi

Hypopyra, 238

hypopyroides (Enmonodia),

Hyposada, 394

hypospilata (Collix), 322

a (Phibalapteryx),

Hypothenemus, 490

Hypothripa, 233

hypsae (Crabro), 133

», (Solenius), 133

Hypsotropha, 356

hyreanus (Anastoechus), 610

Iambia, 213, 214

iantha (Cnephasia), 684

Ibiceps, 601

icarus (Polyommatus), Ixxxvii

icelusalis (Endotricha), 367

»» (Pyralis), 367 ;

Ichneumon, 457, 475

Ichneumonidae, 478

iclhineumonoides (Methoca), 452

Ichthyura, 297, 298

idia (Dasylabroides), 540

», (Mutilla), 540

ignava (Exoprosopa), 644

igniflualis (Herculia), 370

ignobilis (Acidalia), 334

», (Craspedia), 334

Tlema, 393

Illiberis, 398

illitata (Cidaria), 324

illiturata (Thalassodes), 343

illudens (Tachytes), 98

illustrata (Kuplexia), 208

ima (Tipulodes), evii

imbella (Acidalia), 334

xvii

238

322

( elxxxi

imbella (Craspedia), 334

imitans (Lithosia), 393

imitator (Delias), 18

AA (Pseudacraea), 57, 58, 59

impedita (Acidalia), 320

- (Ozola), 320

as japonica (Ozola), 320

implicitana (Eupoecilia), lxx

a (Phalonia), Ixx

impostor (Bracon), 465

impudens (Noctua), 202

impunctifrons (Chlaenius), 453

inachia (Callopepla), cvi, evii

infequalis (Mordellistena), 475

inambitiosa (Hypena), 266

inanis (Chabuata), 198

», (Leucania), 198

incerta (Catasticta), 519, 522, 524

», (Formica), 179, 665

incertalis (Scoparia), 513

incertaria (Crypsicometa), 300

ab. plana (Crypsicometa), 300

(Phasiane), 300

var. suffusa (Phasiane), 300

incertella (Rhodophaea), 362

incertus (Catolaccus), 483

», (Chamus), 414

inchoata (Acidalia), 335

incisuralis (Molybdamoeba), 617, 618

incisus (Orthocentrus), 485

inclusus (Mimeuploea), Ixxv, Ixxvi,

lxxvill

”

incondita (Metachrostis), 229

a (Ozarba), 229

inconspicua (Dasylabroides), 540

(Mutilla), 540

(Synegia), 299

(Tettigonia), 603

is (Tettigoniella), 603

inconspicuus (Pristhesancus), 598

increta (Acronycta), 218

incretata (Acronycta), 218

incubitor (Spilocryptus), 490

incurvata (Hypena), 260

indagator (Rhagium), 465

indeterminata (Acidalia), 335

(Ptychopoda), 335

indistincta (Macaria), 298

inermis (Exoprosopa), 635, 638

inexacta (Dolbina), 274

»» (Gadirtha), 232

5, (Pseudosphinx), 274

inflata (Dasylabris), 544

», (Mutilla), 544

infracta (Thalassodes), 342

inframicans (Cirphis), 200

(Leucania), 200

)

»”

(Pidorus), Ixxv, lxxvi, Ixxviii | |

)

ingrata (Thalera), 343

ingratella (Scoparia), 502, 503, 506,

507, 508, 509, 513

| inimica (Macalla), 364

| initiator (Bracon), 488

», (Coeloides), 480

innocua (Celama), 192

innuba (Catasticta), 527

inornata (Amatissa), 346:

(Exoprosopa), 638, 651

», (Lomatia), 613

inquirenda (Molybdamoeba), 618

| inquisitor (Pimpla), 460

(Rhagium), lxv, 465

”

insignis (Cerceris), 77, 79, 80

(Destolmia), 284, 285

(Passaloecus), 70

,, (Prosopigastra), 106

insignita (Gelastocera), 235

insontata (Lobophora), 331

i (Trichopteryx), 331

instabilis (Pezomachus), 483

instigator (Pimpla), 480

var. processioneae (Pimpla),

480

insulicola (Odynerus), 726

insulivagus (Nysius), 734

”

| intercessor (Bracon), 483

intercisella (Nephopteryx), 859

| intermedia (Catasticta), 527

| intermedius (Pezomachus), 479

(Philonthus), Ixxxi

ab. donisthorpei (Philon-

thus), Ixxxi

(Sphecius), 124

”

_intermixta (Gortyna), 221

(Lithosia), 393

| interoceanica (Hydroecia), 740

| interrupta (Boarmia), 313

interruptalis (Hydrocampa), 370

var. separatalis (Hydro-

campa), 370

(Nymphula), 370

intestinata (Coenocalpe), 323

intracta (Agrotis), 196

», (Euxoa), 196

intricata (Saurita), evii

inuus (Hemeroplanes), ]xiii

invenustaria (Alcis), 311

ab. suffusaria (Alcis), 312

a (Amphidasys), 311

s (Boarmia), 312

j var. sinicaria (Biston),

312

Todis, 341

ioleuca (Coptotelia), 703

iphianassa (Mutilla, 535

Iphierga, 585

(

iphonoe (Mutilla), 537

iridipennis (Ephialtes), 458

(Pompilus), 562

Fe (Salius), 562

iridis (Lixus), 479

Iridomyrmex, 577

iris (Exoprosopa), 651

irritans (Pulex), vi

irritator (Ephialtes), 466

isa (Kuripus), xxiii

Isanthrene, cvili

Ischnoceros, 465

isodelta (Kulia), 681

Isognathus, Lxiii

isographa (Timocratica), 70

isomeris (Stenoma), 711

Isopteryx, 372

Isotamia, 606, 627, 628

Ithomiinae, lxvii

ixion (Villa), 625

iyenobu (Acosmeryx), 278, 279

jacchoides (Exoprosopa), 637, 644

jacchus (Exoprosopa), 644

jacens (Pompilus), 560

jacksoni (Amauris), 422

jacobsoni (Diplatys), 22, 23, 28, 40,

41, 42

jacquinotii (Catophaga), 1x

jaguarinaria (Arichanna), 318

jancousci (Acronycta), 216

(Calymnia), 222

(Cucullia), 203

», (Stenoloba), 229

jankowskii (Acronycta), 216

(Apatela), 216

(Calymnia), 222

(Capnodes), 251

(Cucullia), 203

(Dichagyris), 229

(Diomea), 251

(Eugraphia),

(Marumba), 276

(Smerinthus), 2

(Stenoloba),

Janomima, 161

jansoni (C ylindrogaster), Bp

», (Diplatys), 28, 25, 31, 32

japonaria (Operophtera), 328

», (Oporabia), 328

japonica (Gluphisia), 289

5 (Ochrostigma), 285 |

japonicum (Orthetrum), 169

Jassidae, 579, 580, 581, 582, 588, 603

jermyni (Parhestina), 187

johnstoni (Acraea), 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,

Uy, il, ORS aks

f. confusa (Acraea),

”

Lr)

for)

Le)

229

3, 6, 7;

elxxxii

9, 10, 11, 14

)

johnstoni f. fulvescens (Acraea), 14

A johnstoni (Acraea), 13

ab. octobalia (Acraea), 6, 15

subsp. toruna (Acraea), 6, 7,

TOY, Wal as)

jonesi (Pseudosphex), evii

jucunda (Cyanopepla), evii

judaeorum (Ammophila), 73

HA (Coloptera), 73

julliani (Tachysphex), 102

jutta (Oeneis), 1xxxvii

kadeni (Dysdaemonia), xxv

kamehameha (Nysius), 734

kanakanus (Tichorhinus), 730

Katha, 393

kauaiensis (Nesoprosopis), 723

ae (Odynerus), 726

kekele (Tichorhinus), 731

Kentochrysalis, 275

Kentrochrysalis, 274, 275

Kerana, Ixxv

kerasphoros (Reduviolus), 729

khasiana (Langia), 277

kilimandjara (Acraea), 3, 4, 6, 13

kirbyi (Odynerus), 726

kirkaldyi (Tichorhinus), 731

klugi (Stizus), 119

klugii (Euploea), 418, 420

koae (Nesoprosopis), 727

koehleri (Purpuricenus), 464

koelensis (Reduviolus), 728, 729

Kohlia, 64, 115

kolga (Norasuma), xev

kollari (Euploea), 418

komarovii (Cerceris), 86

a (Philanthus), 93

kona (Nesoprosopis), 722, 723

konanus (Odynerus), 726

Koruthaiolos, Ixxiv, Ixxy, ]xxviii

kotschyi (Stizus), 119

| koui (Creatonotus), 391

kriechbaumeri (Nesoprosopis), 719

| Labena, 458

Labia, 36

lacerataria (Poecilochlora), 397

45 (Thalera), 397

lachesis (Acherontia), 273

(Campsomeris), 556

(Dielis), 556

(Elis), 556

+ (Manduca), 273

,, (Sphinx), 273

Jachrymosa (Epione), 307

laciniata (Telephora), 459

laciniatus (Malthodes), 459

Lacosi, 553

Laelia, 165

Laeliopsis, 165

( elxxxii )

Laelius, 456, 460, 462, 467

laeta (Exoprosopa), 637, 645

laetalis (Eudoria), 515

laetella (Eudoria), 507

laetus (Astatus), 96

», (Cylindrepomus), lxxvii, Ixxvili,

Ixxix

», (Palarus), 107, 108

laevigatum (Apion), 477

laevior (Prosopigastra), 106

laevis (Gorytes), 118, 114

», var. pyrrhobasis (Gorytes), 114

», (Harpactus), 113

laevisuleatus (Odynerus), 726

lamellatus (Oxybelus), 131

Lamiidae, lxxvi, lxxviil

laminatus (Cis), 463

laminifer (Lucanus), 435

laminiferus, var. minor (Lucanus), 435

lanaiensis (Odynerus), 726

lanceolata (Catasticta), 524

lancifer (Xylophrurus), 467

Langia, 276, 277

languida (Machimia), 698

Laphyragogus, 64, 107

lapidea (Athetis), 218

lappona (Erebia), lxxxvii

laqueatus (Oxytelus), xlix

Larentia, 325, 326, 327, 328, 333

Larentianae, 321

laricis (Bostrichus), 491

», (Tomicus), 491

Larridae, 98

larvarum (Pteromalus), 478

larydas (Lycaenesthes), civ

», _ f. kersteni (Lycaenesthes), civ

lasia (Villa), 625

Lasiacme, 376

Lasiocampidae, 161, 165

Lasius, x, xxi, xxii, xxvii, xxxii, xlix,

], Ixviii, Ixxxiii, 180, 181, 182, 656,

657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663,

664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670,

671, 672

lateralis (Scolia), 552

laticeps (Eurycarenus), 613

laticineta (Cerceris), 92

laticollis (Baridius), 485

a (Baris), 485

- (Mononyx), 599

laticornis (Nigidius), 449

latifascia (Eucereon), eviii

latifasciata (Kulocastra), 231

re (Planema), 7

Latiorina, 1, li, 148, 149, 150, 152,

153, 154, 155

latipes (Pteromalus), 469

Latirostrum, 258

lativalvis (Tachysphex), 102

lativentris (Nabis), xxxii

lativitta (Notodonta), 292

lauta (Acidalia), 335

,, (Ptychopoda), 335

laxia (Hypena), 264

lecithitis (Coptotelia), 703

Lecithocera, 694

lectonia (Boarmia), 315

leda (Ephoria), 307

5» (Epione), 307

,, (Proteostrenia), 307

», ab. occulta (Proteostrenia), 307

leechi (Nodaria), 257

Leechia, 355

lefroyi (Diplatys), 22, 23, 25, 30

leighi (Elis), 557

Leiopus, 466

Leipoxais, 166

Lema, 471

Lembeja, 599

lemolea (Spalgis), civ, ev

lentalis (Hydrillodes), 255

Leocyma, 225

Leodonta, 19

Lepidoderma, 457

lepidogastra (Exoprosopa), 636, 639

Lepidoptera, xlvii, 519

lepidus (Palarus), 107, 108

leporina (Acronycta), 156

leptocerus (Sisyrophanus), 612

Leptoneura, 61

Leptosia, 1

Leptostylus, 466

Leptothorax, Ixx

Lertha, lxi

Lesteva, lxi

lethe (Acherontia), 273

», (Kuchromia), xcix

letho (Petrorossia), 615, 616

Leucania, Ixxxvi, 1xxxvii,

201, 202:

Leucinodes, 257

leucocincta (Polyocha), 358

leucocinetus (Crambus), 358

(Emmalocera), 358

leucodesma (Eucosma), 688

leucogaster (Anthrax), 623

(Doryctes), 462

leucographa (Mythimna), 197

(Noctua), 197

(Pachnobia), 197

leucomelas (Aedia), 247

PP (Catephia), 247

- (Noctua), 247

leuconoe (Deilemera), xcvii

leucophaea (Catasticta), 522, 524

leucophaeus (Systoechus), 607, 608.

198, 200,

( ehomav 7)

leucopogon (Molybdamoeba), 617, 618

leucoproctus (Thyridanthrax), 627

leucopyga (Mutilla), 530, 533

Leucospis, lvii

leucosticta (Enispa), 225

leucostigma (Macroeneme), evi, cvii,

315 (Noctua), 207

Leucotmemis, evii

Liacos, 552, 554

liberatus (Diplatys), 22, 29, 30, 32, 36, 42

Libythea, 20

Licha, 259

lichen (Drymonia), 288

lichenicola (Nysius), 733

ligea, var. adyte (Erebia), Ixxxvii

lignealis (Hypena), 263

lignicola (Polysphincta), 464

ligniperda (Cossus), 348

lilii (Crioceris), 471

Limacodes, 348, 349

Limacodidae, 191, 348

limbalis (Marasmia), 376

limbativentris (Mictis), 596

limbirena (Plusia), 244

Limneria, 479

Limnerium, 574

limosa (Peronea), 688

lincea (Ophthalmis), Ixviii

Lindenius, 134, 135

linea (Thyridanthrax), 626

linealis (Paraponyx), 371

linearis (Hypophloeus), lxxxi

lineatus (Agriotes), 459

lineola, var. cyanipes (Cimex), 591

,, (Eudoria), 507, 515

», (Galerucella), 472

», (Syrphus), lxxi

», (Tectocoris), 591

lineosa (Chaerocampa), 280

,, (Dadica), 221

», (Elydna), 221

,, (Theretra), 280

Liodes, xlix

liquidalis (Polythlipta), 383

Liris, 98

Lissonota, 468, 474

Lithobius, 453

Lithosia, 1, 194, 393

Lithosianae, 392

Litorrhynchus, 606, 629, 630, 631, 632,

633, 634, 635, 637

Lixus, 479

loangwana (Mutilla), 539

lobengula (Acraea), 12

Lobophora, 331

localis (Odynerus), 727

loewi (Lomatia), 614

lofua (Acraea), Ixvi

logaea (Rhyacionia), li, lii

Loganius, 488

logica (Argyroploce), 692

Lomatia, 606, 6138, 614

Lonchodes, 1xi

longicaudis (Bracon), 489

longiceps (Nesoprosopis), 727

longicollis (Nysius), 733, 737

longicuspis (Dactylispa), Ixxvii, Ixxix

longisetosa (Diplatys), 35

(Dyseritina), 35, 38, 46

longitarsis (Anthrax), 616

a (Petrorossia), 616

Longitarsus, lxiv

longitudinalis (Lomatia), 614

lophophoralis (Nacoleia), 379

Lophopteryx, 294, 295, 296

loti (Apion), 476, 477

Loweia, Ixxxvii

loxiella (Cryptoblabes), 364

Loxophlebia, cvii

Lucanus, 4381, 432, 433

lucens (Hydroecia), 738, 739, 740, 741,

742, 743, 744, 745, 747, 748, 749

lucetius (Dycladia), evii

lucidicostella (Emmalocera), 358

lucilla (Sypna), 246

luctifera (Exoprosopa), 636, 642

luctuosa (Cerceris), 90

bs (Lesteva), ]xi

lugens (Campoplex), 492

» (Sphex), 74.

lugubrina (Limneria), 479

lugubris (Aradus), 597

He (Morimus), xxiv

lunata (Cerceris), 83

lunicornis (Didineis), 111

lunifer (Lucanus), 432, 433

luniger (Sphecius), 124

lupata (Argyroploce), 690

Luperina, ii, Ixxxvii, ]xxxvili

luperus (Diodontus), 70

lurida (Ctenopseustis), 681

luridum (Tetropium), 468

lusitanica (Nemoptera), lxi

lutea (Ammophila), 73

», (Cerceris), 85, 86

», japonica (Diacrisia), 392

,, (Kremochares), 73

luteipes (Ephialtes), 467

luteola (Galerucella), 472

lutescens (Pendulinus), 596

lutosa (Arenostola), 224

», (Noctua), 224

Lycaena, 1, 150, 153, 154

lycaena (Okenana), 601

Lycaenesthes, civ

Lycaenidae, Ixvi, 169

( clxxxv )

Lycaenopsis, 184, 185 maculata (Diplolepis), 491

lychnitidis (Gymnetron), 482 maculicornis (Tachytes), 99

Lycia, 308, 309, 310, 311 maculifemoratus, var. Hopei(Lucanus)

lycia (Acraea), liv, lv, lvi 432

Lycidae, 411 maculipennis (Anthrax), 621

Lycidocoris, 409, 410 93 (Euchrysia), 458

lycoa (Acraea), 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, | maculipes (Macroneura), 473

2S Madopa, 252

5, subsp. aequalis (Acraea), 4,13 | maerkeli (Triarthron), lxiv

», subsp. bukoba (Acraea), 12 magdalidis (Eurytoma), 487

», ab. butleri (Acraea), 4, 15 Magdalis, 487

,, subsp. entebbia (Acraea), 12 magnaria (Epione), 305

,, subsp. fallax (Acraea), 6, 13 magnifica (Halias), 286

», subsp. kenia (Acraea), 13 M. (Hylophila), 236

», lycoa (Acraea), 12 major (Exoprosopa), 637, 645, 646, 647

», subsp, media (Acraea), 12 », (Timoceratica), 707

subsp. tirika (Acraea), 13 malachitis (Canna), 215

lycoides (Correbia), evii . (Telesilla), 215

lycti (Eurytoma), 462 malaya (Megisba), 185

Lyctus, 454, 462 maligna (Ancistromma), 105

Lycus, 411 Mallodeta, evii

Lygaeidae, 732 Malthodes, 459

Lygranoa, 321 Mamestra, 198, 220

Lygropia, 380, 381 mancella (Nephopteryx), 360

Lymantriadae, 191, 270, 395 manco (Catasticta), 522, 524, 527

Lymnas, xviii », (Kuterpe), 527

Lyramorpha, 594 mandarinaria (Megalochlora), 339

lysippe (Mutilla), 537 mandibularis (Crabro), 727

maackii (Papilio), 169 (Sphenognathus), 426

mabillaria (Abraxaphantes), 319 Manduca, 273

i (Erosia), 319 manducator (Alysia), 459

‘9 (Palaeomystis), 319 maniensis (Nysius), 732

Macalla, 364, 365 manifestella (Scoparia), 507, 509, 512,

Macaria, 298 513

macarista (Iphierga), 585 mansya (Acraea), lxv

(Planema), xe, xci, xciii Marapana, 259, 260

Machimia, 696, 697, 698, 699 Marasmia, 376

macilentus (Papilio), 171 marchicum (Apion), 477

macquarti (Thyridanthrax), 625, 626 us (Apium) [i. e. Apion], 477

Macrocentrus, 474 Marcius, 596

macrocephala (Diplatys), 23, 29, 30, | margaritalis (Pyralis), 385

32, 39 Margarodes, 382

(Forficula), 29 Margaronia, 382

macrocephalus (Diplatys), 22, 24, 29, | marginaria (Hybernia), xxiv

2, 39 marginata (Agraptochlora), 344

( Eubazus), 476 marginellus (Bruchus), 469

Macrochthonia, 234 * (Piesarthrius), 463

Macrocneme, evi, evii marina (Hemithea), 337

Macroglossinae, Ixvi, 279 marinaria (Thalassodes), 342

macromera (Pternistria), 594, 595 marisalis (Botys), 376

Macroneura, 473 Marmara, xeviii, xcix

macronota (Stenoma), 716 marmarodes (Peronea), 687

macronychivorus (Pteromalus), 457 marmorata (Harrisimemna), 213

Macronychus, 457 maroccanus (Stauronotus), 607

macrops (Nyctipas), 239 marshalli (Mimacraea), lxxx

. (Phalaena), 239 marthae (Stizus), 123

macropterus (Litorrhynchus), 630 marthesiusalis (Margaronia), 382

maculalis (Nacoleia), 379 Marumba, 276

( clxxxvi )

Masalia, 195

masinissa (Ammophila), 72

Mastigophorus, 254

matanga (Lycaenopsis), 185

Matsumura, 46

mauuensis (Crabro), 727

‘ (Nesoprosopis), 722, 724

maxillosus (Creophilus), 453, 459

=e (Sphex), 77

maxima (Carposina), 673

mayri (Stizus), 116

Mearesi (Lucanus), 433

Mecinus, 482

Mecyna, 386

Medasina, 315, 316

medialis (Bleptina), 252

mediator (Perithous), 464

mediterranea (Bembex), 130

mediterraneus (Tachysphex), 101

medon (Mutilla), 530

meeki (Ogyris), xxv

mefisto (Chamus), 414

megacephalus (Encyrtus), 489

Megachile, 719

megaera (Discolia), 553

5 (Lacosi), 553

race caledonia (Parage) [i. e.

Pararge], ]xxxili

3 race caledonia

lxxxlil

Ap (Scolia), 553

megaleuca (Stenoma), 711

Megalochlora, 338, 339

Megalyra, 463

Megisba, 185

melachlora (Bryomoea), 212

3 (Bryomoia), 212

melaena (Lycaenopsis), 186

melagona (Ochrostigma), 285

melaleuca (Anarta), [xxxvii

5G (Noctua), 203

3 (Sympistis), 203

Melamphaus, 596

melampogon (Systoechus), see melano-

pogon (Systoechus), 607, 609

Melanargia, xlviii, lxxi, lxxii

melanargia (Psychostrophia), 345

“5 ab. albomaculata (Psycho-

strophia), 345

melanaria (Discolia), 551

us (Seolia), 551

melancholicus (Oxybelus), 132

melanesia (Stenoma), 712

melania (Catophaga), 1x

», (Papilio), lx

spe ey Raelnyas) 9 lixalx

melanifera (Saurita), evii

melanixa (Stenoma), 715

(Pararge),

melanobasis (Mesolasia), evii

melanocephala (Micrurula), Ixy

re var. brunnea (Micru-

rula, lxv

melanocephalus (Longitarsus), lxiv

melanochroa (Hydrilla), 219

melanopa (Anarta), ]xxxvii

melanopleurus (Thyridanthrax), 626

melanopogon (Systoechus), 607, 609

melanopterus (Stizus), 119, 120

melanoscelus (Bracon), 462

e (Diospilus), 462

melasidis (Diospilus), 458

Melasis, 458

Meliana, 202

melicerte (Noctua), 242

ee (Ophiusa), 242

Melitaea, vi

melliniformis (Philanthus), 93

Mellinus, 65

melpomene (Heliconius), ii

aglaope (Heliconius), i

(f. adonides (Heli-

conius), i

~ », (f. rubripicta (Heli-

- BS conius), i

Membracidae, 601

membranaceus (Aradus), 597

(Mezira), 597

Le)

9 9?

” ”?

Memoria, 338

mena (Parhestina), 187, 188

mephitis (Dasylabris), 543

»» (Mutilla), 543

Meraporus, 470, 486

mercurella (Kudoria), 506, 507, 514,

515, 516

merdigera (Crioceris), 471

re (Lema), 471

meridionalis (Anastoechus), 610

(Crabro), 134

(Discolia), 553

(Gastroplakaeis), 166

(Lacosi), 553

nS (Scolia), 553

r (Stizus), 116, 117, 118

Meritastis, 677

merope (Papilio), 1

Mesochorus, 472, 479

Mesogona, 222

Mesolasia, evi, evii

mesophaea (Hyposada), 394

mesostrota (Antaeotricha), 708

Mesothen, cvii

mespili (Anthonomus), 483

Metachrostis, 229, 230, 395

Metasia, 379, 386

Metastenus, 466

Meteorus, 463

(

Methoca, 452

Metopon, 471

Mexicanus (Bruchophagus), 470

Mezira, 597

Miana, 209

Miarus, 481

micans (Bombylius), 606

», (Orchesia), 474

», (Perilampus), 454, 462

micilia (Agyrta), evii

micipsa (Ainmophila), 72

,, (Psammophila), 72

microdemas (Odynerus), 720

Microdus, 475

Microgaster, 458

microgyna (Formica), 665

Microleon, 348

micromelas (Discolia), 553

i (Seolia), 553

Micromelus, 482

Micronia, 345

Microphalera, 284, 285

Microrhopala, 473

microrhopalae (Tetrastichus), 473

Microterys, 478

Micrurula, Ixy

Mictis, 595, 596

midamus (Euploea), xxii, 420

militaris (Mictis), 595

miltopa (Coptotelia), 700

Milu, 729

mima (Euralia), xlv

Mimacraea, lxxx

Mimesa, 727

mimeticus (Lycidocoris), 410

Mimeuploea, lxxv, Ixxvi, xxviii

mimica (Lasiacme), 376

Mimikana, 592, 593

mimikensis (Cosmoscarta), 602

Mimozethes, 352

minimus (Cupido), 150

minna (Hypena), 262

minois (Exoprosopa), 638, 650

minor (Astatus), 95, 96

», (Catasticta), 524

», (Cechenema), 280

», (Chaerocampa), 280

», (Hylurgus), 489, 491

», (Theretra), 280

minos (Mutilla), 529

minuta (Gracilia), 465

3 (Nola), 192

», (Trachys), 458

minutator (Bracon), 490

minutus (Diodontus), 69

mira (Corgartha), 228

miraculosa (Himeropteryx), 296

miranda (Abraxas), 318

elxxxvii_ )

| Miresa, 348

mirus (Amblymerus), 491

Miscophus, 131

Miselia, 287

misippus (Hypolimnas), xliv, liii

a4 f. inaria (Hypolimnas), xliv

mitratus (Encyrtus), 478

$s (Microterys), 478

mixta (Molybdamoeba), 618

mixtus (Anthrax), 618

,, (Lasius), xxi, 182, 664, 672

,, (Monohammus), 761

, (Mononyx), 599

», (Systoechus), 609

moderator (Porizon), 474, 484

modesta (Agrotis), 196

a; (Catasticta), 520

moerens (Catocala), 240

moesta (EKuborellia), xvi

molata (Alcis), 312

mollis (Ernobius), 460, 461

moltrechti (Diacrisia), 392

Molybdamoeba, 606, 617, 618, 619, 621.

Moma, 242

Mominae, 242

monacha (Hyperalonia), 652

monetaria (Notodonta), 290

Fi (Tachytes), 97, 98

monilicornis (Ammophila), 72

* (Parapsammophila), 72

Monima, 394

monocentra (Cyclotorna), 577, 589

Monochammus, 467

Monohammus, 761

Monomorium, lvi

Mononyx, 599

montana (Huploea), 418

monticola (Nysius), 735

montivagus (Nysius), 734

ri (Reduviolus), 729

moorei (Hypocala), 247

morata (Machimia), 697

morawitzi (Gorytes), 113

mordax (Rhagium), 465

Mordella, 475

Mordellistena, 475

moricei (Gastrosericus), 106

», (Prosopigastra), 106

Morimus, xxiv

morio (Antaxia), 457

», (Anthaxia), 457

,, (Hemipenthes), 622

», (Stenus), lxxxi

morosa (Bleptina), 254, 255

», (Hydrillodes), 254

morosalis (Nephopteryx), 360

Fe (Salebria), 360

morta (Acherontia), 273

( chexxvii )

moschata (Aromia), 464

moschatus (Cerambyx), 464

moultoni (Lycaenopsis), 184

mucianus (Eurytoma), 477

mulciber (Euploea), xxii, 420, 425

sis var. duarseri (Euploea), xxii

5 f. kalinga (Euploea), 420

multiarticulatus (Bracon), 480

multistriata (Cidaria), 324

multistriatus (Scolytus), 488

munitalis (Phryganodes), 377

murana (Eudoria), 507, 515

mus (Demas), 244

Musca, 497, 498

musculalis (Nola), 192

Mutilla, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533,

535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540,

543, 544, 545, 546, 548, 549,

Mutillidae, 529

Mycalesis, 168

mycetophila (Cephalonomia), 492

Mycetoporus, Ixxxi

Mygale, Ixxii

Mymar, xxvii, xxviii, cviii, cix

Mymaridae, xxviii

Myrilla, 600

Myrina, xcix

Myrmilla, 541

myrota (Sparganothis), 686

mysticus (Callimerus), lxxvi, ]xxviii

Mythimna, 197, 199

Myzine, 559

Nabis, xxx, xxxii

Nacaduba, xxiii

Nacoleia, 378, 379

Nadata, 284

nana (Kuchera), 352

», (Mimozethes), 352

nanalis (Pyralis), 369

naninia (Phiala), 163

Nannopygia, 35, 42, 43

Nanophyes, 483

Napata, evii

napi (Ceuthorrhynchus), 484

», (Pieris), 1xxxvili

»» var. bryoniae (Pieris), 1xxxvii

», ab. minima (Pieris), 1xxxix

», ab. minor (Pieris), 1xxxix

ab. napella (Pieris), lxxxix

Naranga, 231

nasicus (Balaninus), 486

nastes, var. werdandi

lxxxvii

nasuta (Ammophila), 73

,, (Cerceris), 88

Natada, 348

natalicolus (Pompilus), 560

natara (Lithosia), 393

550

(Colias), 1x,

534,

542,

natator (Gyrinus), 453

naturalis (Odonota), 473

5 (Uroplata), 473

navigatrix (Xylorycta), 705

nawai (Epipomponia), 350

,, (Epipyrops), 350

nawalis (Aulacodes), 373

neavei (Dolichomutilla), 542

nebulosa (Aplecta), xxi

ss var, robsoni (Aplecta), xxi

ir var. thompsoni (Aplecta), xxi

3 (Cassida), 474

nechus (Xylophanes), ]xiii

Neesii (Coeloides), 466

Nemacerota, 281

Nematopus, 596

Nemoptera, lxi

Nemoria, 340

nemorivagus (Nysius), 734

Neolycaena, 155

Neoponera, xvi

Neoscleroderma, 456

Neotrichura, evii

Nephelodes, 211

Nephopteryx, 358, 359, 360, 361

Neptis, 424

nereis (Margarodes), 382

nero (Tachyris), lx

Nesocrabro, 727

Nesodynerus, 726, 727

Nesomimesa, 727.

Nesoprosopis, 719,

725, 727

neutra (Natada), 348

nexifasciata (Oporabia), 328

niavius (Amauris), xlvii

nicevillei (Parhestina), 187, 188

nickerlii (Luperina), Ixxxvii, ]xxxviii

Nicobium, 461

nictitans (Hydroecia), cix, 738, 739,

740, 741, 742, 743, 744,

745, 746, 747, 748, 749,

55 (Noctua), 207

niger (Lasius), x, xxxii, xlix, Ixviii,

180, 181, 182, 657, 658, 659,

660, 661, 662, 668, 669, 670,

671, 672

»» var. americanus (Lasius), 657

nigerrimus (Lycaenopsis), 184

Nigidius, 446, 449, 450, 761

nigra (Dasychira), 270

», (Selca), 270

nigralbata (Pogonopygia), 319

op var, attenuata

pygia), 319

nigraplaga (Oeceticoides), 347

nigribasalis (Chytonix), 212

nigricans (Choleva), v

721, 722, 723, 724,

(Pogono-

(

nigricans (Didineis), 111

nigriceps (Diplatys), 21, 27, 32, 36, 38,

43, 44

nigricornis (Sphecius), 125, 128

nigrifumata (Alcis), 315

nigripennis (Hyperalonia), 651, 652, 653

o (Mutilla), 540

nigripes (Neotrichura), cvii

(Oxybelus), 132

», (Systoechus), 608

nigripuncta (Raparna), 251

nigripunctalis (Rivula), 268

nigristernus (Orthocentrus), 485

nigrita (Choleva), v

(Liacos), 554

(Notogonia), 96

(Scolia), 554

», (Triliacos), 554

nigrolinealis (Hydrocampa), 370

nigromacularia (Euchloris), 336

sy (Uliocnemis), 336

nigropectinatus (Calosphex), 76

fe (Sphex), 76

nigrum (Dorchaschema), 468

nihonica (Fentonia), 286

nikkonis (Boarmia), 316

5 (Medasina), 316

nilotica (Cerceris), 85

niloticus (Stizus), 122

nimbatus (Oceanides), 732

nimbice (Catasticta), 519

niobe (Catasticta), 520

nireus (Papilio), xeviii

nitens (Celeopsyche), 227

», (Corgatha), 227

nitida (Nesomimesa), 727

nitidulator (Alysia), 473

nitidulus (Anastoechus), 610

nitidus (Nysius), 732

», (Tachysphex), 102

nitrariae (Cerceris), 89, 90

niveatus (Calosphex), 75, 76

5, _ (Sphex), 75, 76

niveisignella (Parastega), 693

a5 (Psoricoptera), 693

nivellus (Crambus), 353

niveosparsa (Dasychira), 271

nivescens (Dianthoecia), 206

nivilinea (Edema), 229

nobile (Callimome), 489

nobilis (Heterogenea), 235

(Phrixolepia), 235

(Sphenognathus), 428

>, (Westermannia), 235

noctilio (Sirex), lxi

Noctua, 196, 197, 198 202, 203, 204,

205, 206, 207, 217 219, 224, 240, |

”

be)

elxxxix

241, 242, 245, 247

)

Noctuidae, 191, 195, 229, 394

Noctuinae, 245

Nodaria, 255, 256, 257

nodieri (Oxypleurus), 464

nohara (Acraea), 60

Nola, 192

Nolasena, 236

Nolinae, 191

Nonagria, 211, 223, 224

nonogriella (Archanara), 224

Norasuma, xev

| norna (Oeneis), lxxxvil

notabilis (Heliconius), 1, il,

notata (Mutilla), 548

», (Odontomutilla), 548

notatus (Pissodes), 480

Notodonta, 284, 285, 289, 290, 291,

292, 293

Notodontidae, 58, 191, 229, 284

Notogonia, 96, 97

Nototrachys, 474

| novemlineata (Stibolepis), 163

noverca (Pseudosphex), cvii

| nubicola (Nysius), 735

(Reduviolus), 728

| nubigenus (Reduviolus), 728

nubilus (Bruchus), 469

nucum (Balaninus), 485

», (Pimpla), 479, 485

nudaria (Acidalia), 334

| nutritor (Ophion), 486

nyasae (Litorrhynchus), 630, 631

_nyctimene (Dasylabris), 543

(Mutilla), 543

”

| Nyctipas, 239

Nymphalinae, 171

Nymphula, 370, 371, 372

| Nyridela, cvii

Nysius, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736,

737

Nysson, 64, 109, 110

| obductalis (Hypena), 264, 265

Oberea, 468

Obereae (Zaleptopygus), 468

oberthiierii (Calcaritis), 307

| oberthiiri (Euxoa), 196

LB)

(Notodonta), 290

| obitalis (Oligostigma), 371

obliqua (Nodaria), 255

obliquisigma (Metachrostis), 230, 395

(Ozarba), 230

(Paragona), 395

”

| oblonga (Thyatira), 280

Oboronia, ci, cii, cili

| obscura (Hypena), 265

, (Myrilla), 600

(Nonagria), 223

(Phoracantha), 463

”?

”

- .

(

exc )

obscura (Pseudacraea), xci, xcii, xciii, | Ogyris, xxv

xclv, CVi

obscurata (Leucania), 202

=A (Nesoprosopis), 727

i (Sypna), 246

obscurellus (Sigalphus), 484

obscurepunctatus (Odynerus), 720

obseurus (Agriotes), 458

a (Belomicrus), 133

AR (Homalotylus), 455

obsoleta (Tachytes), 100

obsoletus (Acanthocinus), 466

As (Proctotrypes), 456

obstructa (Risoba), 238

obtecta (Diceropyga), 599

», (Tettigonia), 599

Obtusipalpis, civ

occidentalis (Diplatys), 44

occulta (Proteostrenia), 307

Oceanides, 732

ocellata (Sphinx), 275

ocelliferella (Nephopteryx), 359

i (Oligochroa), 359

ochracea (Catasticta), 519

A (Euterpe), 519

ochrago (Noctua), 205

ochrealis (Cholius), 506, 507

»» (Pagyda), 375

‘A (Phlyctaenodes), 384

ochriasis (Nysius), 734

Ochrostigma, 285

o’connori (Phaedrophilus), lxix

octavia (Precis), 56

octodentatus (Bostrichus), 491

octofasciatus (Sphingonotus), 75

octoguttale (Thliptoceras), 383

oculata (Bembex), 130

Ocypus, Ixv, 453

Odoniella, 411, 412

Odonota, 473

odonotae (Spilochalcis), 473

0 (Trichogramma), 473

Odontomerus, 457, 485, 488

Odontomutilla, 546, 547, 548

Odontopera, 136, 187, 144

odontophorus (Belomicrus), 133

Odontosia, 294

Odynerus, 720, 721, 726, 727

Oeceticinae, 347, 397

Oeceticoides, 347

Oecophoridae, 695

Oecophylla, ciii

Oedipoda, 607

Oeme, 468

Oeneis, 1xxxvii

Oenochrominae, 319

Oestridae Cavicolae, lvii

Oestrus, lvili

Oiketicoides, 347

Okenana, 600, 601

oleae (Phloeotribus), 489

olens (Ocypus), 453

oleracea (Pieris), xv, xvi, xxiv

oleraceus (Diospilus), 484

Oligia, 209

Oligochroa, 359

Oligostigma, 371

olivalis (Stericta), 365

olivescens (Licha), 259

*i (Marapana), 259

Olulis, 258

omophli (Perilitus), 474

Omophlus, 474

Oncocephalus, 597

Oniscus, 590

ononidis (Apion), 476

ononis (Kurytoma), 476

onorpordi (Lixus), 479

ooctonus (Pteromalus), 472

Oomyzus, 472

opaca (Mutilla), 533

opalipennis (Notogonia), 97

Operophtera, 328

ophidicephalus (Papilio), 48, 49

Ophion, 486

ophion (Argyroeides), evii

Ophioneurus, 475

Ophiusa, 241, 242

ophrysta (Antaeotricha), 708

Ophthalmis, Ixviii

Opius, 480, 483

Oporabia, 328

oppositata (Micronia), 345

a (Pseudomicronia), 345

optilete (Lycaena), 1538, 154

», (Vacciniina), li, Ixxxvii, 153

opuntiella (Marmara), xcix

orbitulus (Latiorina), 1, li, 148, 149,

150, 152, 158, 154, 155

56 (Lycaena), 148

orbona (Cyanopepla), evil

Orchesia, 474

Orchestes, 480

orchesticida (Sparthiophilus), 480

oreas (Systoechus), 607

oresitrophus (Nysius), 734

orestia (Acraea), Ixv, ]xxxi

Orgyia, 156, 160, 288

oribasus (Nysius), 734

ornata (Enispa), 226

ornatus (Bombylius), 607

Ornithoptera, 16, 17, 18

Orphnolechia, 711

orsidice (Tetrastichus), 473

Orthaga, 366, 367

( (exe)

Orthetrum, 169 paniscus (Villa), 624

orthocapna (Stenoma), 717 pannonica (Didineis), 111

Orthocentrus, 485 pannosa (Bryophila), 213

orthodoxa (Machimia), 697 Panorpa, lxiv

Oruza, 226 Panthea, 243

Oryba, 370 panzeri (Tachysphex), 101, 103, 104

Orybina, 370 ,, var. discolor (‘Tachysphex), 104

Oryctes, 457 », var. oraniensis (Tachysphex),

oryzae (Calandra), 486 104

;, (Pteromalus), 486 paphlactis (Gelechia), 693

oryzalis (Paraponyx), 371 Papilio, xxxilil, xXxxiv, XXXV, XXXVi,

oryzinus (Pteromalus), 486 XXXVil, XXXVili, xxxix, xl, xli, xlii,

oscillans (Reduviolus), 728, 729 xliti, xliv, xlvii, lx, lxxv, xe, xeviii,

ossea (Epione), 307 1, 48, 49, 50, 169, 170, 171, 350

otiosus (Agrilus), 458 papuana (Myrilla), 600

Ourapteryx, 301 Paracrama, 236

ovialis (Sylepta), 380 paradisea (Ornithoptera), 17

Oxybelus, 131, 132, 133 paradoxa (Catasticta), 521

Oxycriptis, 692 Paraethria, cviii

Oxynopterus, lxxx Parage, see Pararge

Oxypleurus, 464 paragea (Planema), xc, xci, xcili

Oxytelus, xlix Paragona, 266, 395

Ozarba, 229, 230, 395 parallela (Nodaria), 256

Ozola, 320 Paraona, 194

Pachnobia, 197 Paraponyx, 371

pachyceratus (Eurycarenus), 613 Paraptila, 677

Ns (Sisyrophanus), 613 Pararge, 1xxxiil

Pachylarthrus, 470 parasitica (Apenesia), 486

Pachypasa, 167 Parasphex, 74, 75

Pachytelia, 397 Parastega, 693

pacifica (Hydroecia) 740 Parastichtis, 205, 206

Pademma, 420 pardalina (Elis), 559

pagina (Boarmia), 314 e (Scolia), 559

Pagyda, 375, 398 mt (Trielis), 559

Palaeomystis, 319 Parhestina, 187, 188

Palarus, 107, 108 Paricana, 600

Palimpsestes, 282 parishii (Cyaniris), xxiii

pallens (Leucania), Ixxxvi, lxxxvii paritalis (Anoratha), 259

palliatus (Hylastes), 489 Le (Hypena), 259

pallida (Bembex), 129 Parthenodes, 373, 374

‘,, (Witlesia), 504, 505, 506, 507, | parva (Hygrochroa), 303, 304

514, 515 », (Pericallia), 303

pallidicornis (Bruchus), 470 parvula (Mordellistena), 475

pallidinotalis (Nacoleia), 378 pasillus (Anthrax), see pusillus (An-

pallidipes (Codrus), 453 thrax), 621

“h (Euphorus), 472 Passaloecus, 65, 70, 71

- (Proctotrypes), 453 Pastinaceae, 454

AB (Sigalphus), 483 patagiata (Phiala), 163

pallidula (Cerceris), 83, 84 paula (Mesolasia), evi, cvii

palpalis (Caradrina), 221, 222 paulina (Appias), 172

», (Lissonota), 468 », (Catophaga), lx

paludis (Hydroecia), 738, 739, 740, | pauperculella (Nephopteryx), 359

741, 742, 743, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749 | paurocentra (Stenoma), 713

palustris (Noctua), 219 pectinicornis (Ptilinus), 461

a (Petilampa)) 219 pectinipes (Tachysphex), 103

pandora (Plocamosaris), 706 pectoralis (Pyracmon), 457

paniceum (Anobium), 460 peculiaris (Papilio), xe

paniscoides (Villa), 624 pedestris (Hemiteles), 471, 479

xii. })

pelasgis (Precis), 56

pele (Nesoprosopis), 723

peles (Odynerus), 726

pelinitis (Stenoma), 714

pellio (Attagenus), 457

pellucidus (Barypithes), xxvi, xxvii

Pelogonidae, 598

Pelosia, 392

renee 65

Pendulinus, 596

penicillata (Geometra), 342

pensilis (Sceliphron), 71

Pentatomidae, 591

Pentheus (Entedon), 469

penthoptera (Exoprosopa), 637, 648

Pepsis, xxix

Perenia, 318

perdita (Gnophos), 311

perdix (Dasychira), 288

», (Stauropus), 288

peregrinus (Stizus), 116, 117, 119

perflava (Mesothen), evil

Pergesinae, 280

Pericallia, xi, 303

Peridea, 290

Perigea, 209

perilampoides (Pteromalus), 479

Perilampus, 454, 461, 462

Perilitus, 472, 474

peringueyi (Mutilla), 532

periphanes, f. acritoides (Acraea), lxvi

Perithous, 464

Peronea, 686, 687, 688

perplexella (Scoparia), 507, 513

perplexus (Litorrhynchus), 633, 634

Perrisi (Laelius), 460, 462

perrisii (Ammoplanus), 68

persector (Hemiteles), 453

persephone (Mutilla), 533

persimilis (Hypopyra), 238

perspicua (Hypena), 265

persuasa (Apatela), 216

persuasoria (Rhyssa), 467, 475

pertinax (Anobium), 461

pertyi (Isanthrene), cvii

Petilampa, 219

petrobius (Odynerus), 720

Petromalus, 476

petrophila (Eudoria), 507, 510, 516

Petrorossia, 606, 615, 616

Pezomachus, 453, 479, 483

phaedon (Amauris), 424

Phaedrophilus, ]xix

phaeocrossa (Machimia), 699

phaeoleuca (Scoparia), 502, 507, 513

phaeophanes (Stenoma), 714

Phalaena, 239, 318, 328, 362

Phal.—Geometra, 304

Phalonia, lxx, 673

Phaloniadae, 673

pharaonis (Monomorium), lvi

pharnakia (Catasticta), 522

Pharnus (Entedon), 477, 485

Pharyngobolus, ] viii

Pharyngomyia, lviii

Phasiane, 300

Phasicnecus, 164, 165

Pheia, cvii

Phellandrii (Prasocuris), 472

pheres (Cosmosoma), evii

pheretes (Albulina), 1, li, 158, 154

», (Lycaena), 1

Phiala, 163, 164

Phibalapteryx, 322, 323

philais (Catasticta), 522

», (Huterpe), 522

Philanthus, 93, 94

Philereme, 322

philippi (Tachysphex), 102

philippus (Hypolycaena), c

philoctena (Uropoda), xxvii

philomene (Catasticta), 520

philone (Catasticta), 521

Philonthus, lxxxi

Philoponus, 94

phlaeas, var. hypophlaeas

phanus), lxxxvii

Ss var. hypophlaeas (Rumicia),

lxxxvii

phloeosini (Eurytoma), 490

Phloeosinus, 490 —

phloeotribi (KEurytoma), 490

3 (Seeodes), 490

Phoeotribus, 489

Phlyctaenodes, 384, 385

Phoenicoprocta, eviii

Pholus, Ixiii

Phoracantha, 463

phorbas (Pholus), xiii

Phorodesma, 339

Phrixolepia, 235

Phryganodes, 377, 378

Phtheochroa, 674

Phycis, 361

Phycitinae, 358

Phyllalia, 162

Phyllotreta, 473

phyllotretae (Pleurotropis), 473

Physophoroptera, 408, 409

Phytoeciinae, Ixxvi, lxxvii

Phytonomus, 478, 479

piagetioides (Tachysphex), 105

pica (Proteostrenia), 306

picea (Liodes), xlix

picinus (Baridius), 485

»» (Baris), 485

(Chryso-

¢ exe )

picipes (Dendrophilus), 454

(Hister), 454

», (Teretrius), 454

pictipennis (Lomatia), 614

pictus (Laphyragogus), 107

Pidorus, Ixxv, Ixxvi, ]xxviii

Pieridae, lxxv, lxxvili

Pieris, xv, XVi, XXiv,

Ixxxviii, 1xxxix

pieris (Catasticta), 527

Piesarthrius, 463

pileata (Euryeyttarus), 347

Pilophorus, Xxxi, xxxii

pimpinellata (Eupithecia), 330

Pimpla, 460, 471, 479, 480, 481, 483,

485

pinastri (Hyloicus), xxv

», (Sphinx), xxv

pinava (Catasticta), 519, 520, 523, 525

pini-abietis (Scymnus), 455

piniperda (Hylurgus), 490

pione (Petromalus), 476

», (Pteromalus), 476

Pionea, 387, 388, 389

Pirates, xxix

pirus (Pteromalus), 489

Pison, 727

Pissodes, 480

pistaciae (Eurytoma), 485

pistaciperda (Balaninus), 485

pithecius (Anthrax), 620, 621

Pityogenes, 492

pityophthori (Cerocephala), 491

Pityophthorus, 491

placodoides (Callopistria), 210

a: (Eriopus), 210

plagialis (Pionea), 387

plagiatus (Phasicnecus), 164

plana (Nemoria), 340

», (Sypna), 246

Planema, xliii, xe, xci, xciii, xciv, xcv,

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14

Planeti (Lucanus), 432

plantaginis (Hypera), 479

Plastanoxus, 463

Platigaster, 473, 477

Platygerrhus, 488

Platymischus, 454

plauta (Lycaenopsis), 185, 186

Plaxomicrus, Ixxvii, lxxix

Plebeius, Ixxxvii

plebeja (Allodonta), 290

plesseni (Heliconius), i, ii

», Niepelti (Heliconius), i

pleuraemata (Leucotmemis), evii

pleuripunctatus (Gorytes), 112

pleurostigma (Ceuthorrhynchus), 484

Pleurotropis, 473

PROC, ENT. SOC. LOND., V. 1911.

Ixy excxavis

plexippus (Danaida), liii, 170, 171, 172

plicata (Chlamys), 471

Plocamosaris, 706

Ploiaria, 761

Plossa, 348

plumata (Eurytoma), 481

plumbeotincta (Coremia), 326

Plusia, Ixxxvii, 244, 245

Plusianae, 244

plusiotis (Spatalia), 297

plutona (Cosmosoma), evii

Poecilochlora, 397

poecilocnemis (Ammophila), 74

poecilopterus (Stizus), 119, 120

poggei nelsoni (Planema), xc, xci, xciii

Pogonopygia, 319

Polia, 197, 198

Polistes, xxx

polita (Archanara), 224, 225

»» (Nonagria), 224

pollionis (Lixus), 479

polyacantha (Crimia), 597

polyacanthus (Barcinus), 597

polybioides (Pseudosphex), evii

Polyclistus, 461

Polyctenidae, lxiv

Polyergus, 657

polygoni (Hypera), 478

(Phytonomus), 478

a (Pyrausta), 398

Polygonia, ili, iv

polygraphi (Cecidostiba), 490

Polygraphus, 490

Polyocha, 357, 358

Polyommatus, Ixxxvii

Polyploca, 281

Polysphincta, 461, 464

polytes (Papilio), 171

Polythlipta, 383

Pomasia, 329

pomorum (Anthonomus), 483

Pompilidae, xxxi, 62, 560

pompiliformis (Notogonia), 97

Pompilus, xxix, xxxi, 560, 561, 562

populnea (Saperda), 46

Porizon, 474, 484

porphyriata (Cidaria), 324

ee (Eustroma), 324

postalbida (Cidaria), 325

posthumus (Ceuthorrhynchidius), 485

postica (Cirphis), 201

», (Leucania), 201

posticalis (Agrotera), 374

posticana (Rhyacionia), li, lii

potamea (Catasticta), 521

35 (Euterpe), 521

praecisa (Antaeotricha), 709

praepicta (Ectropis), 317

te)

( exeiv’ )

Prasocuris, 472

Prasolithites, 707

pratensis (Formica), xlviii

precatorius (Xylonomus), 468

Precis, Ixxili, 56

predatrix (Mutilla), 531

Preussi (Phasicnecus), 164, 165

priamus (Ornithoptera), 17

primulae (Noctua), 197

Priocnemicoris, 596

prisca (Cerceris), 86, 88

Prisopus, lxxxiii, lxxxiv, Ixxxv, Ixxxvi

Pristhesancus, 598

procellaris (Reduviolus), 728

Procinetus, 468

Proctotrupidae, 454, 456

Proctotrypes, 453, 456, 459

prodigalis (Parthenodes), 374

producta (Holcopelte), 470

producticollis (Ammophila), 73

profana (Mictis), 595

Prolophota, 395

Promethes, 478

prominens (Risoba), 238

propinqua (Ammophila), 74

3 (Cerceris), 88

propria (Elemana), 594

Prosacantha, 453

Prosopidae, 719

Prosopigastra, 106

Prosopis, 91, 727

Prospalta, 209

proteina (Acraea), 1, 5, 11, 14

i f. flavescens (Acraea), 5, 6, 11,

a f. fulvescens (Acraea), 5, 7, 10,

12, 14

3 f. semialbescens (Acraea), 5,

6 ll, a4

- f. semifulvescens (Acraea), 4,

G7 Seti ve) 14

Proteostrenia, 306, 307

Proxenus, 219

pruinosa (Cerceris), 83, 84

prunalis (Pionea), 387, 389

3) (Pyxalis), 889

prunaria (Dirades), 346

pruni (Illiberis), 398

prunipennis (Mecyna), 386

pryeri (Cosmia), 223

», (Glyphodes), 382

», (Lophopteryx), 294

», (Somera), 288, 289

psammathe (Mutilla), 529

psanmobia (Nesoprosopis), 724

psammobius (Tachysphex), 105

Psammophila, 72

pseudabietis (Dasychira), 288

Pseudacraea, xci, xcil, xciii, xciv, evi,

57, 58, 59

Pseudocoecus, ev

pseudolutea (Diacrisia), 392

pseudolycia (Acraea), Ixv

Pseudomicronia, 345

Pseudopterocheilus, 726

Pseudosphex, c¢vil

Pseudosphinx, 274

Pseudostegania, 333

psi (Acronicta), 748

,, (Acronycta), 217

», (Noctua), 217

Psilocera, 471

psilopus (‘Tachysphex), 103

psittacopa (Coptotelia), 701

Psoricoptera, 693

Psyche, 397, 398

Psychidae, 191, 346, 397, 590

Psychinae, 346

Psychostrophia, 345

Psylliodes, 473

Psyllocora, 455

psyttalea (Amauris), xlv, xlvi, xcix,

422, 423, 424

damoclides

422, 424

pteridicola (Nysius), 734, 735

Pternistria, 594, 595

pterocheiloides (Pseudopterocheilus),

726

Pteromalidae, 476

Pteromalus, 453, 457, 460, 469, 470,

472, 478, 474, 476, 477, 478, 479,

480, 481, 482, 484, 486, 489

pterophaennes (Odynerus), 726

Ptilinus, 461

ptinorum (Gonatopus), 460

Ptinus, 459

Ptychopoda, 335

pubescens (Apion), 478

pudens (Spirama), 238

pudorina (Leucania), 202

a. (Noctua), 202

pugnax (Oxybelus), 132

pulchella (Daphisia), lxxvi, lxxviii

aH (Erasmia), 351

pulchellus (Cheiropachys), 490

5 (Gorytes), 118, 114

Pe (Mymar), xxvii,

eviil, cix

53 it (Amauris),

XXVlii,

Pulex, vi

pulverulenta (Hypena), 260

pumila (Nola), 192

pumilio (Amalus), 485

puncta (Avitta), 251

punctaria (Zonosoma), xi

punctata (Catasticta), 524

( exev )

punctata (Deilinia), 299

», (Dilinia), 299

5, (Oboronia), ci, ciii

punctatella (Orgyia), 288

_ (Stauropus), 288

puncticollis (Arthrolytus), 460

punctifera (Katha), 393

punctifrons (Macrocentrus), 474

punctimargo (Marapana), 259, 260

a (Sarcopteron), 259

punctipennis (Exocentrus), 467

vA (Molybdamoeba), 617,618

punctulata (Exoprosopa), 637, 645,

646, 648

punctuligera (Laeliopsis), 165

punicus (Diodontus), 68

purdeyi (Rhyacionia), li

purpurascens (Peronea), 686

purpurata (Mutilla), 529, 543

purpureus (Corymbites), xxiv

5 (Iridomyrmex), 577

pusillus (Anthrax), 621, 623

puspa (Lycaenopsis), 185

Pygaera, 297, 298

pygidialis (Tachysphex), 102

pygmaea (Corgatha), 228

35 (Gracilia), 465

pygmaeator (Opius), 483

pygmaeus (Cis), 463

pyocyaneus (Bacillus), 497, 499

Pyracmon, 457

Pyralidae, 191, 353, 398

Pyralinae, 369

Pyralis, 367, 368, 369, 383, 385, 389

Pyrameis, ]xxi

Pyrausta, 389, 390, 391, 398

pyrausta (Eccopteroma), 234

Pyraustinae, 374, 506, 507

pyrenaealis (Anarpia), 506, 507, 513

pyrenaica (Latiorina), 153

pe (Lycaena), 153

Pyrinioides, 353

pyrochrous (Dindymus), 596

5 (Dysdereus), 596

pyropata (Eustroma), 324

6 (Geometra), 324

pyrrhocerus (Sisyrophanus), 612

Pyrrhocoridae, 596

Pyrrhocoris, xxix

pyrrhogaster (Micromelus), 482

pythia (Barymutilla), 549

», (Mutilla), 549, 550

Pytho, 475

quadratricollis (Ammophila), 73

quadricincta (Cerceris), 91

quadricollis (Heteronus), 486

quadrifasciata (Strangalia), 466

quadrimaculata (Cerceris), 90, 91

| quadripunctata (Anthaxia), 457

quadripustulatum (Bembidium), lxxxi

quadristrigata (Dixophlebia), evii

.| quadrituberculatus (Macronychus), 457

quadrum (Cheiropachys), 488

quaternarius (Dysodius), 597

quatuordocem-notatus (Oxybelus), 132

quercifolia (Gastropacha), 136

quercinus (Torymus), 467

querciperda (Pityophthorus), 491

quinqueangularis (Canidiella), 479

quinquefasciata (Dielis), 558

Pe (Elis), 558

- (Seolia), 558

quinquelinealis (Pagyda), 398

quinque-notatus (Brachymerus), 133

“15 (Crabro), 133

quinquepunctatus (Crytocephalus), 471

quotata (Coccinella), 455

radialis (Astatus), 95, 96

radiata (Catasticta), 521

», (Huterpe), 521

radiolus (Apion), 478

radoszkowskyi (Bembex), 130

radula (Odynerus), 727

raffrayi (Diplatys), 22, 23,.29, 30, 32,

39, 42

raidhaka (Charaxes), xxii

ramburii (Catephia), 247

ramicornis (Eulophus), 478

ranunculata (Cnephasia), 684

rapae (Pieris), Xv, XVi, XXxiv

Raparna, 251

rapax (Stizus), 123

rasa (Exoprosopa), 645, 646

ratzburgi (Alyson), 111

Ratzeburgia, 466, 468

rectilinealis (Colobochyla), 252

3 (Madopa), 252

rectomarginata (Paracrama), 236

Reduviidae, 597

Reduviolus, 728

Reduvius, 597

regalis (Mymar), xxviii, eviii

», (Oryba), 370

», (Orybina), 370

regularis (Oligostigma), 371

relegata (Operophtera), 328

remissa (Asthena), 332

renisigna (Sypna), 246

repletus (Litorrhynchus), 632, 633

replicata (Sypna), 245

repulsaria (Boarmia), 315

resinea (Eudoria), 507, 514

resoluta (Archanara), 224

resutor (Monochammus), 467

resutorivorus (Aulicus), 467

reticulatis (Adrapsa), 252

N 2

( exevi )

Retinia, li

retrogradus (Anastoechus), 610

reuteri (Odoniella), 412

reversa (Aphaena), 600

», (Ulasia), 600

Rhaetulus, 437

Rhagium, Ixy, 465

rhamni (Gonepteryx), xxv, 1

Rhamphus, 480

Rhinoestrus, lviii

Rhodaria, 367

Rhodia, 344

Rhodinia, 344

Rhodoneura, 353

Rhodophaea, 362

Rhogas, 574

rhombalis (Bomolocha), 265

nf (Hypena), 265

Rhopaliceschatus, 412

Rhopalicus, 479

rhopalocerus (Gorytes), 112

Rhopalomestes, 488

rhua (Odontomutilla), 548

Rhyacionia, li, lii

Rhynchina, 260

Rhynchites, 475

Rhynchota, lvii, 591

rhyparella (Nephoptery x), 360

Rhyssa, 467, 475

Ricania, 601

ricardoi (Litorrhynchus), 630, 631, 632

Risoba, 237, 238

Rivula, 249, 267, 268, 269

rivularis (Callopistria), 210

robustum (Biston), 309, 310, 311

50 var. parva (Biston), 309, 311

a ab. albicollis (Hubyja), 309,

310

(Lycia), 309, 311

robustus (Systoechus), 607, 608

romanovi (Deilephila), 278

rosealis (Pyralis), 367

rossi (Bacillus), 1

rostrata (Bembex), 130

rostratus (Litorrhynehus),

634, 635

-rothschildi (Ornithoptera), 16, 17, 18

rubescens (Nysius), 732

rubicundula (Microleon), 349

rubida (Cerceris), 86

rubiginosa (Ampelophaga), 278, 279

5 (Cassida), 474

(Chaerocampa), 278

rubra (Odoniella), 412

rubricata (Catasticta), 519, 522

rubritinctus (Reduviolus), 729

rubrofemoratus (Hemisodorcus),

442

632, 638,

441,

rubropustulatus (Odynerus), 720

rufa (Formica), xxxi, xlviii, 175, 176,

177, 178, 180, 665

,, (Hyperalonia), 651, 653

(Magdalis), 487

rufescens (Cylindrogaster), 35, 38

,, (Diplatys), 22, 23, 28, 38

38, 40, 41, 42, 43

if (Polyergus), 657

rufibarbis, var. fusco-rufibarbis (Ior-

mica), 176

ruficeps (Corgatha), 227

», (Thermesia), 227

ruficirra (Hypothripa), 233

ruficollis (Campsomeris), 555

ne (Pimpla), 481

ruficornis (Discolia), 551

x var. melanaria (Discolia),

551

a5 (Scolia), 551

rufilimbalis (Rhodophaea), 362

rufinodis (Gorytes), 112

rufipennis (Polygraphus), 490

rufipes (Bruchus), 469

», (Eurytoma), 469, 488

», (Metopon), 471

», (Psilocera), 471

», (Trichacis), 485

,, (Xylonomus), 465

rufirostre (Apion), 477

rufitarse (Apion), 477

rufiventris (Stizus),. 122

rufocoronata (Mutilla), 538

rufonigra (Myzine), 559

rufopetiolata (Belyta), 477

rufus (Catogenus), 456

,, (Hemisodorcus), 439

», _(Nysson), 110

rugulosus (Scolytus), 488

Rumia, 136

Rumicia, ]xxxvil

rumicis (Hypera), 478

ruralis (Botys), 376

rurea (Parastichtis), 206

», (Xylopasia), 206

ruspator (Helcon), 466

x (Ichneumon), 457

russata (Cidaria), [xxi

rusticus (Criocephalus), 466

,, (Ischnoceros), 465

rutha (Catocala), 239

rutilans (Philanthus), 93

rutilella (Cryptoblabes), 364

sagittata (Larentia), 328

a (Phalaena), 328

sagmatica (Eulia), 680

Sagra, 471

Sagrae (Pimpla), 471

(texevn }

saharae (Gorytes), 112 Scolia, 457, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555,

sahlbergi (Cylindrogaster), 31 556, 558, 559

os (Diplatys), 31 Scoliidae, 551

Salamis, 55 scolyti (Platygerrhus), 488

Salebria, 360, 361 ,, (Tetrastichus), 488

salicis (Apion), 478 scolyticida (Coeliodes), 488

5, (Eurytoma), 476, 477, 478 scolytivora (Cerocephala), 488

», (Stilpnotia), 396 Scolytus, 488

», var. candida (Stilpnotia), 395, | Scoparia, xiv, 501, 502, 503, 505, 506,

396 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513,

salictella (Marmara), xcviil 514 ‘

Salius, xxxi, 562 scoparialis (Macalla), 365

saltusalis (Obtusipalpis), civ Scopariinae, 507

sambucaria (Uropteryx), 136, 143 Scoparona, 506, 507, 510, 513

sananas (Tartessus), 603 scoriaceus (Odynerus), 726

sangaica (Erasmia), 351 Scotosia, 322

sanguinea (Argyroeides), evil scrophulariae (Cionus), 483

< (Coccinella), 455 sculpturata (Notogonia), 97

os (Cycloneda), 455 sculptus (Euphorus), 455

a (Formica), xlviii, 178, 179, 53 (Oxytelus), xlix

180, 181, 182, 183, 657 ~—‘| scutatum (Trypoxylon), 131

sanguineum (Callidium), 465 scutellare (Apion), 477

sanguipuncta (Mallodeta), evii scutellaris (Coleocentrus), 467

sao (Hesperia), 564 ‘ (Odonota), 473

Saperda, 466, 467 scutellator (Monochammus), 467

Sarantus, 601 Scutellera, 591

Sarcopteron, 259 Scymnae (Eutelus), 455

Sarrothripinae, 232 Seymnus, 455, 456

satanas (Acherontia), 273 Sebastosema, 305

saturata (Calymnia), 222 sebennica (Catasticta), 526

», (Cidaria), 326 secalis (Noctua), 206

», (Lophopteryx), 295 ,», (Trachea), 206, 207

»» var. hoegei (Lophopteryx), | Secodes, 490

295 secreta (Mutilla), 534

Saturnia, 344 sediliata (Argyroploce), 689

Saturniadae, 191, 344 seitzi (Catasticta), 523

saturnus (Charaxes), 51 seladonia (Cassida), 473

Satyrus, lxxxili, 168 Selca, 270

saundersianus (Nysius), 732 Selenia, x, xi

Saurita, cvii Selitrichus, 484

saxea (Larentia), 327 semele (Hipparchia), 1

scabrifrons (Tettigonia), 604 »» var. algirica (Hipparchia), 1

scalaris (Nysson), 109 », race scota (Satyrus), lxxxiii

», (Saperda), 467 semiargus (Cyaniris), 154

scaligera (Exoprosopa), 636, 643 Semidonta, 295

Scea, evi semiorbiculata (Phibalapteryx), 323

Sceliphron, 71 semiotoides (Pteromalus), 489

schauinslandi (Megachile), 719 Semiotus, 469, 477, 481

Schistophleps, 194, 195 semirugosus (Alloderus), 480

schmiedeknechti (Tachysphex), 102 semisquamosus (Tychius), 481

schmiedeknechtii (Cerceris), 92 semistrigata (Larentia), 327

5 (Diodontus), 70 senegalensis (Litorrhynehus), 634

Schoenobiinae, ciii, 355 senex (Discolia), 552

Schoenobius, 355, 356 », (Scolia), 552

Sciatheras, 487 seniculus (Pteromalus), 481

Sciomyza, lxxi senilis (Calosphex), 75

Sclerochloa, 489 »» (Scolia), 555

Scleroderma, 461, 464, 489 », (Sphex), 75

( cxeyHi °)

sepulcralis (Brachysymbola), 718

sequens (Cercopis), 602

», (Cosmoscarta), 602

seriatus (Dischistus), 611

sericea (Trisuloides), 244

Serropalpus, 475

servona (Acraea), Ixxxii

sesamus (Precis), 56

seticornis (Cryptus), 464

setosella (Doreatoma), 462

severa (Diplatys), 28, 25, 32

severus (Diplatys), 32, 43

sexdentatum (Sinoxylon), 462

sexdentatus (Tomicus), 491

sexfasciatus (Villa), 625

sharpianus (Reduviolus), 729

Shiraki, 46

shuckardi (Pemphredon), 71

Sichelia, 463

sicula (Bombyx), 351

siculus (Nanophyes), 483

sidae (Hesperia), xxvi, 563, 564, 565,

568, 569, 573

», (Syrichthus), xxvi

sieversi (Ichthyura), 298

», (Kentochrysalis), 275

Be Kentrochrysalis), 274, 275

», (Pygaera), 298

Sigalphus, 476, 478, 483, 484

Siglophora, 237

sigmoidea (Exoprosopa), 626, 640, 642,

643

signata (Chaetostricha), 475

», (Dielis), 554

3). (ils); 554

», (Ophioneurus), 475

», (Scolia), 554

signatalis (Pyrausta), 389

signatus (Anthonomus), 483

silacea (Aspidomorpha), lxiv

silenus (Myrina), xcix

silhetana (Terias), xxiv

Silvanus, 456

similis (Catasticta}, 526

», (Homalotylus), 455

», (Phiala), 164

simillima (Tachytes), 99

simplex (Cirphis), 200

», (Crambus), 354

», (Leucania), 200

», (Sciomyza), lxxi

», (Systoechus), 607, 608

simplicipes (Dinetus), 106

simson (Anthrax), 621

sinapina (Catasticta), 519

sinapis (Leptosia), 1

singularis (Lucanus), 482, 433, 434

sinhala (Euploea), 418

Sinna, 237

Sinoxylon, 462

sinuicosta (Ozola), 320

sinuosa (Hypena), 263

sinuosalis (Leechia), 355

sinuosiceps (Mutilla), 532

Sirex, xi

sisamnus (Catasticta), 521

sisyphus (Hyperalonia), 652, 654

Sisyrophanus, 605, 611, 612

siva (Diplatys), 21, 23, 26, 34

smaragdina (Oecophylla), ciii

"e race longinoda (Oecophyl-

la), ceili

(Pyralis), 383

Smerinthus, 276, 278

smithii (Odynerus), 726

socialibus (Odynerus), 726

soldaria (Cidaria), 332

Solenius, 133

Solierella, 131

solipunctella (Hypsotropha), 356

solskyi (Stigmus), 68

solutus (Tachyporus), ii

Somera, 288, 289

sordida (Fentonia), 286

», (Varcia), 601

sordidata (Eupithecia), 329

Sorocaba, xxv

Sorocostia, 192

Spalgis, civ, cv

sparsa (Thermesia), 227

Sparthiophila, 469

Sparthiophilus, 480

spartii (Bruchus), 469

», (Entedon), 469

», (Tetrastichus), 477

spasmae (Polyctenida), lxiv

Spatalia, 297

Spathius, 460, 461

Spathomeles, Ixxvii

spathomelina (Zelota), Ixxvii

speciosus (Rhaetulus), 437

spectabilis (Anthrax), 621

specularis (Cerceris), 93

45 (Garaeus), 301

. (Nesoprosopis), 723, 724

speculatrix (Mutilla), 532

speiserianum (Ascodipteron), xvii

Sphecius, 64, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128,

129

Sphedanolestes, 597

Sphegidae, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67

Sphenognathus, 426, 428, 429

Sphex, 74, 75, 76, 77, 555, 560

Sphingidae, 191, 273

Sphingonotus, 75

Sphinx, xxv, 273, 275

(?sexer. )

Spilochalcis, 473

Spilocryptus, 490

spilostomus (Crabro), 134

* (Lindenius), 134

Spirama, 238

splendens (Canna), 215

5 (Mamestra), 198

- (Noctua), 198

», (Polia), 198

splendida (Euagra), evi, evii

5 (Euhampsonia), 284

is (Euricania), 601

os (Nadata), 284

5 (Napata), evii

», (Orgyia), 160

5 (Ricania), 601

splendidella (Dioryctria), 361, 362

i (Nephopteryx), 361

Spoelotis, 196

spreta (Nola), 192

squalida (Celama), 192

ies Nola); 192,

squalidus (Gnaphaloryx), 443, 444

stagnata (Nymphula), 372

stannusi (Exoprosopa), 637, 645, 647

Staphylinidae, 32

staudingeri (Paraona), 194

Stauronotus, 607

Stauropus, 287, 288, 289

Stegasta, 693

Stelidota, 456

stellata (Borolia), 201

», (Dialithoptera), 193

stenocoryphe (Liodes), xlix

Stenoloba, 229

Stenoma, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716,

raw)

Stenomidae, 706

Stenomutilla, 544, 545

Stenus, Ixxxi

Stephanodes, xxix

stercorator (Pimpla), 460

Stereonychus, 483

Stericta, 365, 366

Stibolepis, 163

stictitalis (Phlyctaenodes), 385

stigma (Astatus), 96

stigmata (Toxocampa), 248

stigmatalis (Pionea), 387

Stigmus, 68

Stilpnotia, 395, 396

Stizus, 63, 64, 65, 115, 116, 117, 118,

119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124

straminator (Opius), 480

straminea (Cerceris), 81

re (Therapis), 307

stramineipes (Semiotus), 481

Strangalia, 466

stratata (Coenocalpe), 323

streckeri (Kentochrysalis), 275

Ag (Kentrochrysalis), 274, 275

strenioides (Epione), 307

striata (Theretra), 280

striatellus (Doryctes), 461

striatulus (Sigalphus) 478

striatum (Anobium), 460

striatus (Aulacus), 464

“A (Lyctus), 462

strigata (Dasychira), 271

Striglina, 352

strigosa (Catasticta), 520, 522

5 (Hypena), 264

», (Stelidota), 456

striolatum (Sympetrum), lii

Striphnopterygidae, 161

Stschurowskyi, var. hyalinipennis

(Harpactopus), 74

5 (Sphex), 74

Sturmia, xcix

suadila (Catasticta), 523

subflara (Euproctis), 272

subflava (Catasticta), 524

a (Xanthia), 205

subfuscatus (Harpactopus), 74

- (Sphex), 74

subimpressa (Cerceris), 86

subligata (Collix), 322

sublittoralis (Nysius), 737

subornata (Acronycta), 216

3 var. brunnea (Acronycta),

216, 217

subplena (Teucer), evii

subrufus (Reduviolus), 728, 729

subsatura (Hypocala), 246

v5 var. limbata

246

sudetica (Eudoria), 506, 507, 510, 515,

516

(Hypocala),

uffusa (Abraxas), 319

», (Acronycta), 217

», (Catasticta), 525

», (Zethes), 249

sulcatus (Hecabolus), 460, 461

superba (Catasticta), 526

superbiens (Tachytes), 66, 97, 98

surianensis (Diacrisia), 392

surinamensis (Silvanus), 456

susiana (Catasticta), 527

3 (Euterpe), 527

sutschana (Parthenodes), 374

suturalis (Odonota), 473

sycorax (Dolichomutilla), 542

re (Mutilla), 542

Sylaon, 131

Sylepta, 380

sylvanus (Lycaenesthes), civ

(

sylvata (Abraxas), 318

Pe ab. continuata (Abraxas), 319

a (Phalaena), 318

sylvatica (Cicindela), 452

sylvestrana (Rhyacionia), li

sylvestraria (Acidalia), 333

sylvius (Eneyrtus), 469

Sympetrum, lii, 168

Sympiesis, 473

Sympistis, 203

Synegia, 299

Syngamia, 377

Syntaracta, 299

Syntomidae, xxv, evi

Sypna, 245, 246

syriacus (Tachysphex), 100

Syrichthus, xxvi

syringaria (Hygrochroa), 303, 304

AA (Pericallia), xi

55 var. parva (Pericallia), 303

0 (Phal-Geometra), 304

Syrphus, Ixxi

Systoechus, 605, 607, 608, 609

Systole, 470

Systropha, 393

Tachinidae, xcix

Tachyporus, ii

Tachyris, lix, lx

Tachysphex, 65, 100, 101, 102, 103,

104, 105

Tachytes, 65, 66, 97, 98, 99, 100

taenialis (Cryptoblabes), 363

talpa (Polyctenida), lxiv

Tanaostigmodes, 481

tancrei (Dolbina), 274

tantali (Tichorhinus), 730

tarai (Reduviolus), 729

tardyi (Rhopalomesites), 488

targionii (Sceliphron), 71

tarquinia (Pseudacraea), 57, 58, 59

tarsale (Ateleopterus), 456

;, (Neoscleroderma), 456

», (Trogoderma), 456

tarsalis (Torymus), 467

tarsipennalis (Nodaria), 256

Tartessus, 603

Tectocoris, 591

teda (Phoenicoprocta), evili

Telchinia, 170, 171

telekiana (Planema), 4, 5, 14

Telephora, 459

Telesilla, 215

tellus platyxantha (Planema), xci,

xcili

tendinosalis (Botys), 390

tenebricosa (Timarcha), 471

tenella (Lycaenopsis), 186

tenontias (Cnephasia), 685

ec)

Tenthredinidae, lxvi

tenuis (Pteromalus), 470, 477

5, (Saurita), evii

Tephroclystia, 330

Tephrosia, 316, 317

Teracolus, liv, lxviii

terebinthi (Eurytoma), 486

terebinthivorus (Balaninus), 486

Teretrius, 454

Terias, xxiv, xxv, Ixxvi, ]xxviii

terminalis (Discolia), 551

- (Homalotylus), 455

ae (Scolia), 551

terra (Pseudacraea), xci, xcii, xciii,

Xciv, Cvi

testacea (Luperina), ii, 1xxxviii

teter (Gymnetron), 481

Tetracampe, 474

tetralunaria (Selenia), xi

Tetrastichus, 459, 465, 471, 473, 477,

479, 488, 489

Tetrathia, 591

tetrophthalma (Sorocostia), 192

Tetropium, 468

tettensis (Mutilla), 540

Tettigonia, 599, 603, 604

Tettigoniella, 603

Teucer, evil

teutanis (Catasticta), 521

teutila (Catasticta), 526

Thalassodes, 341, 342, 343

Thalera, 341, 343, 397

thanasimi (Tetrastichus), 459

Thanasimus, 459

Theela, 155

Theocolax, 460

theonalis (Endotricha), 368

re (Pyralis), 368

Thera, 326

Therapis, 307

theresiae (Neoponera), xvi

Theretra, 280

Thermesia, 227

thermusalis (Pyralis), 368

Thersilochus, 474

thersites (Odynerus), 721, 726

théryi (Philanthus), 94

», (Philoponus), 94

Thestor, 155

thetis, ab. coelestis (Agriades), xxii

Thliptoceras, 383

tholeraula (Eulia), 680

thoracica (Dielis), 555

39 (Elis), 555

Pe var. coelebs (Elis), 555

5 (Scolia), 554

Bs (Tiphia), 554, 555

thoracieus (Cylindrogaster), 31

( edi; )

thoracicus (Diplatys), 23, 25, 31

a (Mesochorus), 472

thore, var. borealis (Brenthis), 1xxxvii

thuyae (Hylesinus), 489

thyalis (Botys), 388

», (Pionea), 388

Thyatira, 280, 281

Thyreus, 134

Thyridanthrax, 606, 623, 625, 626,

627, 635, 649

Thyrididae, 191, 352

thyridopa (Coptotelia), 701

thyridophora (Hyperalonia), 652, 653

thyrsitis (Himotica), 705

tibialis (Laelius), 462

Tichorhinus, 730, 731

tigrina (Hypera), 479

,, (Noctua), 242

tigrinus (Anthrax), 621

Timarcha, 471

Timocratica, 706, 707

Timora, 195

Tineidae, 718

Tineina, 590

Tiphia, 554, 555

Tipulodes, evil

tithonus (Ornithoptera), 16, 17

toddii (Notodonta), 284, 285

tollini (Litorrhynchus), 633, 634

Tomicus, 491

torasan (Artaxa), 272

a (Euproctis), 272

Tortricidae, 674

tortuosa (Lycia), 310

toruna (Acraea), 4, 7, 8, 9

torva (Bombyx), 289

Torymus, 467

tosta (Masalia), 195

,, (Timora), 195

Toxocampa, 248

Trachea, 206, 207, 208

Trachys, 458

transiens (Pteromalus), 482

transversa (lambia), 214

as (Tycracona), 214

trapezina (Cosmia), 222, 223

traversii (Catocala), 242

tremulae (Smerinthus), 278

var. amurensis (Smerinthus),

278

trepida (Notodonta), 292, 293

Trepsichrois, xxii

triangularis (Hypena), 263

triangulum (Philanthus), 93

Triarthron, lxiv

Trichogramma, 473

Trichopteryx, 330, 331

trichorda (Stenoma), 713

Trichosea, 242

Trichotaphe, 694

trichotus (Sciatheras), 487

Trichura, evli

tricolor (Stizus), 121, 122

», (Tachytes), 100

tricolorata (Cerceris), 77, 79

tridens (Acronicta), 748

(Acronycta), 218, 506

(Stans); Dloy 1G

tridentatus (Stizus), 119, 120

Trielis, 559

| trifidalis (Crambus), 354

'trifolii (Apion), 476, 477

_trigonalis (Nephopteryx), 358

be)

_trigonifera (Prolophota), 395

Trigonoderus, 460

| Trigonodes, 247

| Triliacos, 552, 554

_trilineata (Cyrtojana), 162

e (Pachypasa), 167

trimenii (Pseudacraea), 57, 58, 59

Tripanaea, 356

tripartita (Sebastosema), 305

triphaenoides (Ophiusa), 241

tripunctata (Molybdamoeba), 619

‘ (Oberea), 468

triseriata (Paraethria), evill

trisignata (Harrisimemna), 213

tristellus (Crambus), 354

tristior (Cerceris), 91

tristis (Diodontus), 69

», (Sphex), 76, 77

tristrigata (Timocratica), 707

Tristrophis, 302

Trisuloides, 244

tritalis (Pionea), 388

tritici (Agrotis), 196

tritophus (Bombyx), 289

5 (Notodonta), 289

trochantericus (Brachymerus), 133

(Crabro), 133

9°

Trochilium, vi

trochilodes (Peronea), 687

troglodyta (Ichthyura), 297

- (Pygaera), 297

Trogoderma, 456

trogodermatis (Laelius), 456

troezene (Catasticta), 521

54 (Euterpe), 521

troezenides (Catasticta), 521

truncata (Catasticta), 520, 526

truncator (Alysia), 484

truncicolella (Eudoria), 507, 515, 516

truncipennis (Elydna), 221

trygaula (Machimia), 699

Trypoxylon, 65, 131

tuberculatus (Ephialtes), 465

( ccii )

tuberculatus (Helonotus), 598

nA (Helophorus), xx

tuberum, subsp. corticalis (Lepto-

thorax), lxx

tubifex (Sceliphron), 71

tumidoventris (Hylocrabro), 727

tunetanus (Stizus), 123

tunicata (Cosmia), 205

Ee ( Xanthia), 205

turionum (Passaloecus), 70

turritus (Spathomeles), 1x xvii

tutela (Cheiropachus), see tutela

(Cheiropachys), 460, 480

56 (Cheiropachys), 460, 480

tychii (‘Tanaostigmodes), 481

Tychius, 481

Tycracona, 214

tydei (Ammophila), 72

», (Psammophila), 72

Tyloderma, 483

tylodermae (Catolaceus), 483

tylodermatis (Hurytoma), 484

typographus (Tomicus), 491

uhlmanni (Antennophorus), xxvii

Ulasia, 600

ulicicola (Apion), 477

ulicis (Apion), 477

», (Eulophus), 477

Uliocnemis, 336, 337

uljanini (Sphecius), 125

ulmella (Scoparia), 501, 502, 503, 507,

509, 512

umbratus (Lasius), X, xxi, Xxli, xxvii,

xlix, 1, 180, 181, 658, 659, 660, 661,

662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668,

669, 670, 671, 672

umbrosa (Ceratarcha), 380

6 (Demas), 243

“5 (Exoprosopa), 635, 638

ke (Nemacerota), 281

umbrosalis (Hereulia), 369

undata (Anadiasa), 167

undosa (Palimpsestes), 282

undularis (Elymnias), 170

undulata (Erastria), 230

a (Eulocastra), 230

unica (Nesoprosopis), 723

unicalis (Zania), 368

unicolor (Canephora), 397

, (Pachytelia), 397

a (Psyche), 397, 398

a var. asiatica (Psyche), 397

% (Xenocrabro), 727

Uraniadae, 191, 345

Urapteryx, 302

Urodonta, 287, 293

Uroplata, 473

uroplatae (Sympiesis), 473

Uropoda, xxvii

Uropteryx, 136, 143

urozonus (EKupelmus), 473, 478

urticae (Aglais), 1xxxvii

», ab. polaris (Aglais), Ixxxvii

ustata (Lobophora), 331

5, (Trichopteryx), 331

vaccinii (Cerastis), 204

Vaccinniina, li, 1xxxvii, 153

vacua (Hemithea), 338

vagans (Thyridanthrax), 627

valesialis (Eudoria), 507, 515

validirostris (Pissodes), 480

Vanessa, 173, 174

van hasseltii (Nola), 192

vapina (Catasticta), 519

Varcia, 601

varia (Melitaea), vi

variabile (Callidium), 465

variabilis (Hypera), 479

varians (Semiotus), 469

variator (Bracon), 483

varicoxa (Lissonota), 468

variegata (Acontia), 214

5 (Aucha), 214

ns (Calymnia), 214

Be (Chrysostola), cvii

5 (Philereme), 322

variegatus (Leiopus), 466

5 (Philanthus), 93

variolosus (Entedon), 483

varius (Anthribus), 469

», (Brachytarsus), 469

», (Bruchus), 470

», (Pteromalus), 469

varus (Croesus), 1

velox (Tachytes), 97

velutina (Drymonia), 296

F (Lophopteryx), 296

venator (Odynerus), 726

| vaneris (Tristrophis), 302

a5 ab. unistriga (Tristrophis), 302

», (Urapteryx), 302

venilialis (Marasmia), 376

venosa (Exoprosopa), 635, 639

venosella (Polyocha), 357

venosus (Balaninus), 485

venus (Hyperalonia), 651, 653

venustula (Erastria), xi

venustus (Philanthus), 93

verecundus (Reduvius), 597

Pr (Sphedanolestes), 597

vermiculata (Argyroploce), 690

BA (Euploea), 419

vernalis (Calosota), 461

vernaria (Geometra), 338

veronica (Hypena), 265

versicolor (Helonotus), 598

( eet )

vesicularia (Caprilia), 396

Vespa, 127

vestalis (Bupalus), 301

vestita (Scolia), 555

vestitus (Tachysphex), 104

vetustata (Dolichomutilla), 541

vialis (Risoba), 238

viatica (Sphex), 560

viaticus (Pompilus), xxxi, 560

50 var. nigripennis (Pompilus),

560

viator (Diplatys), 43

viburni (Galeruca), 472

. (Galerucella), 472

vicaria (Ilema), 393

», (Lithosia), 393

viduatorius (Cryptus), 467

viduatus (Parasphex), 74

rp (Sphex), 74

viduus (Pezomachus), 453

vigens (Hypena), 260

vigintimaculata (Psyllocora), 455

Villa, 606, 623, 638, 650

villaeformis (Exoprosopa), 638, 650

villosa (Elis), 557

villosulus (Gymnetron), 481

villosum (Anobium), 460

villosus (Balaninus), 486

(Bruchus), 469

», (Dryocaetes), 491

vindicatus (Pompilus), 561, 562

violacea (Magdalis), 487

violae (Telchinia), 170, 171

Vipio, 468

virens (Prasolithites), 707

viretata (Geometra), 330

5 (Lobophora), 331

oe (Trichopteryx), 330, 331

virgatellus (Crambus), 353

virgaureata (Eupithecia), 330

virginea (Dasychira), 271

viridarius (Kulophus), 484

viridescens (Peronea), 686

viridimixta (Miselia), 287

5 (Stauropus), 287

3 (Urodonta), 287

viridinota (Eutelia), 232

viridulus (Pteromalus), 477

viticida (Fidia), 471

vittalis (Nymphula), 371

», (Oligostigma), 371

vittata (Hyperalonia), 651, 652, 653,654

vittatus (Cirrospilus), 480

vittifrons (Tettigonia), 603

3 (Tettigoniella), 603

volcanicola (Reduviolus), 729

volitans (Anthrax), 623

voluta (Meritastis), 677

”?

vorticata (Phalonia), 673

vosseleri (Diplatys), 22, 23, 28, 38, 40

vulcan (Nysius), 734

vulcanus (Odynerus), 726

vulgaris (Vespa), 127

vulpinus (Dermestes), 457

Wachtli (Eurytoma), 480, 487

wahlbergi (Euralia), xlv

wakkeri (Hispella), 473

w-album (Thecla), 155

walkeri (Amphimoea), ]xili

wallacei (Saraptus), 601

wataikwensis (Cosmoscarta), 603

watkinsi (Catasticta), 523

wealei (Chamus), 414, 415

Westermanni (Lucanus), 432, 434, 435,

436

Westermannia, 235

Wheeleria, 182

whitei (Nysius), 733, 735

winthemi (Coccoteris), 594

(Halys), 594

Witlesia, 504, 505, 506, 507, 514, 515

wollastoni (Mimikana), 593

woodfordi (Neptis), 424

wustnei (Didineis), 111

Xambeui (Cephalonomia), 459

Xandrames, 308

xanites (Koruthaiolos),

Ixxvill

Xanthia, 204, 205

xanthistis (Cosmosoma), evii

xanthocerus (Chlorion), 74

Fe (Sphex), 74

Xantholinus, 454

xantholoma (Cafius), 454

xanthomelaena (Galeruca), 472

xanthoptila (Antaeotricha), 709

xanthura (Campsomeris), 555

Pe (Dielis), 555

3 (Elis), 555

Xenocrabro, 727

xerene (Microrhopala), 473

xerobius (Odynerus), 721

xerophanes (Kulia), 680

xiphares (Charaxes), 58, 54, 55

Xorides, 467

Xylocopa, 169, 171

Xylonomus, 463, 465, 468

Xylopasia, 206

xylophaea (Capua), 675

Xylophanes, lxiii

Xylophrurus, 467

Xylorycta, 705

Xyloryctidae, 705

yoshinoensis (Corgatha), 228

(Trachea), 207

Zaleptopygus, 468

Ixxiv, Ixxv,

( eciv

Zamacra, 396, 397 zenzeroides (Langia), 277

zanara (Hntedon), 475 s var. nawae (Langia), 277

zancle (Catasticta), 521, 523 i var. nawai (Langia), 277

zanclogramma (Metasia), 379 Zethes, 249, 250, 258

Zania, 368 zibanensis (Stizus), 117, 118

Zarmigethusa, 320 zimmermanni (Phyllotreta), 473

zelleri (Scoparia), 502 zoe (Pieris), lx

Zelota, lxxvii Zonosoma, Xi

zelotypa (Eulia), 679 Zygaenidae, 191, 350, 398

Zelus, 597 Zygaeninae, 398

Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London and Bungay.

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON

For, THE YVrar 1911.

I. On the Forms and Geographical Distribution of Acraea

lycoa, Godt. and Acraea johnstoni, Godm. By

Harry Evrrincuam, M.A., F.ZS.

[Read June 1st, 1910. ]

Puates I, II.

AT a meeting of this Society on June 6th, 1906, a paper

was read by Professor Poulton, in part dealing with the

mimetic forms of Acraea johnstoni, Godm.* In this paper

the author sought to show that judging from the outward

characteristics, Acraca lycoa of West Africa gradually

merged by intermediate gradations into Acraea johnstone

of the east and south, the subject being considered with

special reference to the remarkable series of mimetic

modifications presented by the latter species. The final

conclusion then attained emphasised the extreme proba-

bility that the whole series of forms then associated under

the names of A. johnstoni, A. proteina, etc., must be

regarded as specifically identical with Acraea lycoa.

In order that the true affinities of this complicated

association may be more accurately established, I have,

at Professor Poulton’s suggestion, undertaken a micro-

scopical examination of the minute structure of the forms.

I have examined the whole of the material in the Hope

* “Mimetic Forms of Papilio dardanus (merope) and Acraea

johnstoni,” E. B. Poulton. Trans. Ent. Soc., p. 281 et seq., 1906.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART I. (MAY) B

all

2 Mr. H. Eltringham on the Forms and

Department, the National Collection, and the Tring

Museum, comprising some hundreds of. examples, and

have made a large number of microscopical preparations,

with results which it is the purpose of the present paper

to describe.

As a preliminary it seems desirable to give some

account of the known forms and the present state of their

synonymy.

ACRAEA LYCOA.

Acraea lycoa was described by Godart in 1819 (Ene.

Meth.) from a female example, and the author stated that

it was not known whether the sexes were alike. The

first reference I can find to the male is in Staudinger’s

“ Hxotische Schmetterlinge,” where the difference between

the sexes is mentioned. Fig. 2 on Plate I shows the

typical western female drawn from an example received

from Sierra Leone, whilst fig. 1 shows a male from Oguta,

Nigeria. In the female the depth and richness of the

ground-colour varies somewhat, though it is in practically

every case paler than in more eastern forms. The male

is frequently semi-transparent, and the forewing spots

may be only very faintly discerned. Examples from

Accra and Nigeria present no distinct modifications from

the extreme western forms. The first recognisable change

is observable in males from Fernando Po. These resemble

fig. 1, but the spots on the forewings are now quite

distinct, and of the same pale reddish colour as the discal

area of the hindwings, and the whole ground-colour is

somewhat darker. The females are still like fig. 2, but

with darker ground-colour. These forms persist over a

large area, extending without marked variation from

Fernando Po, through the French Congo, and across the

Congo State to Toro in 8.W. Uganda. At Toro several

varieties may be found, since it is here that three geo-

graphical races appear to meet. From this point the

species spreads north and south. Between Lake Victoria

Nyanza and Lake Kivu (Mt. Niragonwe) the males

resemble fig. 3, whilst fig. 4 shows a female from the

same locality. To the north of Toro in the Unyoro Region

the male is modified in a somewhat different manner.

As fig. 5 shows, the forewing spots have become much

smaller and more clearly defined, though there is much

less development of the hindwing patch than in the

Geographical Distribution of Acraea lycoa, A. johnstoni. 3

Niragonwe specimens.’ This form of the male is very

typical of Western Uganda. The females are not, however,

distinguishable from those of the more southern Urundi

District, all being characterised by the extreme paleness

of the hindwing patch. Passing round the north shore

of Lake V. Nyanza and on towards the south to the

Tiniki Hills this hindwing patch becomes more distinctly

yellow, whilst the males have developed the same feature,

accompanied by a darker ground-colour and greater dis-

tinctness and depth of colour in the forewing spots.

The male of this region is shown at fig. 6. Passing

southwards and eastwards we find at Kilimanjaro the two

sexes present much the same pattern, but the ground-

colour in both sexes is now very dark, the forewing spots

in the female are smaller, and the hindwing patch is

slightly expanded again. The sexual dimorphism is still

well marked. Fig. 7 shows a female of this form which

is equivalent to the “ Planema” fallax of Rogenhofer, and

the Acraca kilimandjara of Oberthiir. The species has

developed to its maximum extent in mimetic approach to

Amauris echeria and A. albimaculata. Northwards, in

the district of Mt. Kenia, examples still resemble faliaz,

but in several specimens the hindwing patch has a

slightly edentate distal outline between the third median

and the radial, giving the insect a marked resemblance to

A. johnston f. confusa. In two males from this district

the forewing spots are distinctly paler than the hindwing

patch, and up to this point in the geographical range of

the species this is the only sign of departure from a

hitherto consistent sexual dimorphism. This Kenia form

resembles fig. 7 on the upperside with the exception of

the slight difference in the hindwing -patch, but the

insect is generally somewhat smaller. I have figured it

in monochrome on Plate II, fig. 7. On the underside the

difference is more marked. In fallax the ground-colour

of the forewings is dark sepia from the base to the inner

side of the white subapical spots, the whole apical area

being dusted with pale ochreous. In the Kenia form the

dark colour extends beyond the first three subapical spots,

and the whole of the underside has a generally blacker

appearance than in fallav. These forms are of excep-

tional interest, and are amongst the many valuable

specimens for which the Hope Department is indebted to

the generosity of the Rev. K. St. A. Rogers and Mr. and

B 2

4 Mr. H. Eltringham on the Forms and

Mrs. 8. L. Hinde. The species further extends northwards

into Abyssinia, and there we find that both sexes are

alike, not having, as the Kenia specimens might lead us

to expect, white forewing spots, but having all the

lighter markings dark ochreous. This form is the sub-

species A. lycoa aequalis of Rothschild and Jordan, repre-

sented at figs. 8 and 9. It is worthy of note that the

Abyssinian form steckert of A. echeria is specially charac-

terised by dark ochreous markings and an entire absence of

white spots. It is doubtless in mimicry of this form that

the female /ycoa of this region has lost its white markings.

With regard to the existing nomenclature of the above

forms, the /ycoa of Godart applies to the species throughout

its range until we arrive at Entebbe, and from thence

eastward and southward the forms approach more and

more closely to the fallax of Rogenhofer, which is identical

with Oberthiir’s hilimandjara. In his catalogue of the

African Rhopalocera Aurivillius makes the queried sug-

gestion that fallax may be a form of johnston, but this I

hope to show is an incorrect surmise. The same author

refers to an example described as a variety of lycoa by

Butler, and names it ab. butleri. The supposed identity

of this variety with /ycoa must be regarded as an error.

From an examination of the specimen there can be no

doubt that it is a female example of the form subsequently

described by Grose-Smith as Acraca toruwna, the position

of which will be considered later.

ACRAEA JOHNSTONI.

Acraea johnstoni was first described by Godman in 1885

(P.Z.S., p. 537) from a male example, and the type agrees

with the form subsequently described by Oberthiir as

Acraea proteina semifulvescens. Now that long series of

the forms of A. johnstoni are available, it is seen to be

somewhat regrettable that this form should have acquired

the position of the type, since it is in reality a rather

rare variety. In 1889 Butler deseribed an Acraea, which

he assigned to the type of Acraea johnston as its female,

and this arrangement was confirmed by Dr. Holland in

1893 (Ann. Nat. Hist., p. 248). In 1891 Rogenhofer

described his “Planema” telekiana, which, however, is

only a form modified but slightly from Godman’s type of

the male johnstont. The hindwing patch is somewhat

Geographical Distribution of Acraca lycoa, A. johnstont. 5

tawny in ¢elekiana, whilst it is whitish in the male type of

johnstont. The same author described at the same time

“ Planema” confusa and “ Planema” fallax. The latter

has already been referred to in connection with lycoa.

Planema confusa is described by Rogenhofer as the male

of Butler’s type female. In Baumann’s “ Usambara”

(supplement) it is stated that both the male and female

were taken. No difference is specified, and the figure

subsequently published is stated in the text to be that of

a female, though the description facing the plate states it

to bea male. In 1893 M. Oberthiir described a number

of forms under the name of Acraea proteina, the type of

which appears to be a male,* and resembles the insect

previously described by Butler as the type female of john-

stoni, and is also similar to Rogenhofer’s confusa. The four

varieties described by Oberthiir are (1) proteina jlavescens,

which appears to be an ordinary yellow-spotted example

of the commonest form of johnstont; (2) proteina semialb-

escens, sex not stated,an example of which in the National

Collection has white spots on the forewing, and tawny

hindwings marked with dark inter-nervular rays and ©

exhibiting no trace on the upperside of the quadrate patch,

though the latter is clearly outlined on the underside ;

(3) proteina semifulvescens, sex not stated, a form which

agrees with Godman’s male type; (4) proteina fulvescens,

a form which has nearly lost the spots in the forewing

and the patch in the secondaries, though they are more

obvious on the underside, and all four wings are tawny.

It is the peculiar variety which appears to have developed

in a mimetic direction synaposematic with Danaida

chrysippus f. dorippus and Acraea encedon f. daira.

The next published reference occurs in Butler’s note on

the forms in Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 113, 1896. Butler was un-

aware that the pattern of Godman’s male type also occurs in

the female sex, and therefore he regarded Godman’s type and

his own female type as constituting a sexually dimorphic

variety. He describes Oberthiir’s fulvescens as synonymous

with Rogenhofer’s telekiana, whereas the latter is practi-

cally the same as Godman’s male type, and further he

* Butler appears to have thought that Oberthiir’s proteina was a

female. Though the sex of the specimen figured is not definitely

given as male, the author states, after describing it, that his col-

lection contains three males, quite similar to one another. I cannot

take this to mean otherwise than that the example figured is one of

the three males in question.

6 Mr. H. Eltringham on the Forms and

makes Oberthiir’s flavescens synonymous with the same

author's kilimandjara, Rogenhofer’s confusa and fallax,

and Karsch’s octobalia. The latter appears to be an

aberration of johnstoni, in which the yellow Spots are

ringed with a darker colour.

I have lately examined in the British Museum a very

curious example of johnstont from Kilimanjaro. It

resembles the fallax form of lycoa so closely that I hesi-

tated to decide its identity from the external features

alone. Mr. Heron kindly allowed me to examine the

genitalia, and it proved to be johnstoni as above indicated.

The quadrate appearance of the hindwing patch is almost

lost on the upperside, though rather more developed

beneath. Placed side by side with the forms of lycoa

from Kenia above described, the two species would certainly

be difficult to distinguish.

The last form of johnstoni which I have seen described

is the Acraea torwna of Grose-Smith. It presents certain

peculiar features, and will be considered apart from the

other forms.

I have endeavoured throughout the foregoing somewhat

tedious explanation to distinguish between forms which

appertain to /ycoa and those which are conspecific with

johnstoni, because, as the result of my investigation, I am

convinced that lycoa and johnstoni are separate species,

and remain so throughout the length of their geographical

range. That of lycoa has already been outlined. Acraeca

johnston? occurs in the Tiriki Hills and extends as far

south as Chirinda in 8.E. Rhodesia. In this latter locality

all the examples I have seen, some twenty in number, are

of the confusa form (including jlavescens), The spots and

hindwing patch vary from yellow to white. In some cases

the specimens have all white markings. Plate I, fig. 15,

shows a female from this region.*

* Since the above was written I have had an opportunity of

examining a fine series of Acraea johnstoni taken in Nyassaland by

Mr. 8. A. Neave. There are forty-five of the confusa form, varying

from yellow to white spotted, the only combination not represented

being white hindwing patch and yellow forewing spots. One example

has white forewing spots and dark yellow hindwing patch ( = semi-

albescens). There are, in addition, four examples of a peculiar form

of semifulvescens in which the forewing spots are not obsolescent

as is usual in this form, but are as white and distinct as in confusa.

The examples are all males. They have a striking appearance

and form an interesting connecting link between confusa and

semifulvescens.

Geographical Distribution of Acraea lycoa, A. johnston. 7

The specific identity of all the forms of A. johnstoni

would, I think, with the exception of the ¢torwna form, be

quite satisfactorily established on the external features,

but apart from my own examination of the genitalia, we

have still further direct proof. In the Tring Museum

there is a family of A. johnstont bred from ova at Neguelo,

Usambara. To which variety the parent belonged I have

been unable to ascertain, but the nine offspring consist of

the following :—

Three examples of the type form (= semifulvescens), two

males and one female. The latter is shown at Plate I,

fig. 12. The males are slightly smaller, and have the

hindwing patch very faintly ochreous, and one has the

forewing spots much paler.

Four examples of the /ulvescens form, two males and

two females. One of the latter is shown at Plate I,

fig. 11. The males resemble this female, but the remain-

ing female is somewhat intermediate, having the spots

paler, and a considerable powdering of black scales at

the base of the wings and about the inner angle of the

hindwings.

One black and white female shown at Plate I, fig. 13.

This form occurs very commonly at Chirinda, and I have

also seen a similar specimen from Mombasa,

One male shown at Plate I, fig. 14. This example

is nearest to the commonest variety of the species ( =

confust).

ACRAEA TORUNA, Grose-Smith.

We may now consider the position of Acrea torwna in

relation to the foregoing species. The ground-colour,

especially in the forewings, is more profoundly modified

than in any of the other forms. Whilst the present

position of the forewing spots may be traced from

johnstont f. confusa through the typical male johnstonz,

the distal outline of the hindwing patch is much less

angulated than in other johnstoni forms, at least on the

upperside, a fact doubtless due to the close approximation

of its pattern to that of its model Planema latifasciata.

One feature stands out prominently, the palpi are nearly

always entirely black,* whereas in all the forms of johnstont

* T have to thank my friend, Mr. F. A. Heron, for first calling my

attention to this feature. It is interesting to note that the genus

Planema is distinguished by the possession of black palpi, though

there is also in that genus a white lateral streak.

cil

8 Mr. H. Eltrmgham on the Forms and

and /ycoa, and in fact in all other African Acraeas which

I have examined the palpi are yellow beneath. I have

examined three interesting examples of torwna in the Tring

Museum taken near Bukoba, between Lakes Kivu and Vic-

toria Nyanza. In one of these the hindwing patch is pure

white and the palpi have numerous yellow scales beneath,

thus providing a transitional form from semifulvescens.

The second of these specimens is very abnormal, and has

the ground-colour of the wings brownish black with just

a slight suffusion of the characteristic reddish chocolate

colour in the neighbourhood of the distal end of the fore-

wing cell. The hindwing patch is white, and bears on

the upperside hardly a trace of the quadrate distal outline.

The third is of the normal colouring, but the forewing

spots are very much reduced in size, that between the first

and second median being represented by a mere streak,

and the subapical band of spots is only about a quarter

of the usual width. All these examples are males. The

second specimen above described has decidedly the appear-

ance of a form intermediate between t¢orwna and a female

lycoa, and in the absence of an examination of the geni-

talia would provide a strong temptation to be regarded as

a connecting link between the two species.

As will presently be described the male genital arma-

ture of torwna presents no features by which that variety

can be distinguished from the other forms of johnstoni,

and I am satisfied that ¢orwna is merely a geographical

race or subspecies of A. johnstoni.

THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN A. lycoa AND A. johnstont.

It now remains for me to give some account of the

features which lead me to assign all the forms of A. lycoa

and A. johnstona to two distinct species, albeit including

certain subspecies or geographical races. In the first

place A. lycoa is sexually dimorphic, and remains so

throughout its range with the exception of the peculiar

Abyssinian subspecies. In A. johnstoni all the numer-

ous varieties occur in both sexes. The modifications

of pattern which take place in /ycoa as we pass from

west to east tend in one definite direction only, viz.

away from the resemblance to western black and white

Planema and Amauris models and towards a superficial

resemblance to the eastern and southern Danaines Amauris

Geographical Distribution of Acraea lycoa, A. johnston. 9

echeria and A. albimaculata, together with a synaposematic

approach to the confusa form of A. johnstoni, especially

developed at Kilimanjaro and on the Kikuyu Escarpment.

Throughout its range and variations lycoa presents a pale

discal area in the hindwing, which, though varying from

white to yellow and showing a very ill-defined outline

in males from the extreme west, nevertheless has, except

in some examples of the fallax and Mount Kenia forms, a

well-rounded distal outline. In /ycoa the basal spots of

the hindwing underside are almost always smaller and less

confluent than in johnstoni, though this feature is some-

what variable. A careful examination of the neuration

in lycoa and johnstoni, shows the following differences

(see Plate II, figs. 4 and 5). In the forewing of the

former, the lower discocellular nervule is nearly always

rather shorter and lies in a more nearly transverse direc-

tion than in johnstoni. This feature is also subject to

slight variation. The hindwing cell presents a difference

in the two species, and owing to the pale colour of the

scales in this area the difference can be more readily seen.

In lycow the cell has a generally broader and shorter

appearance than in johnstont. This effect is produced to

a great extent by the fact that the middle discocellular

nervule is outwardly more deeply concave in the latter

than in the former. This feature is fairly constant, and

is quite evident in the examples from Kenia referred to

above. The most conclusive test of specific distinction is,

however, to be found in the structure of the male genital

armature. I have made a large number of preparations

from examples occurring throughout the range of the

two species and from the different varieties, and have

also examined many others not actually dissected out and

mounted. The accompanying plate gives outlines of the

neuration, and also drawings of the male genitalia of lycoa,

Johnstoni, and toruna. Fig. 1 shows the appearance of

the first, and fig. 2 that of the second. The claspers are

for the most part shorter and stouter in lycoa than in

johnstont. The penis is comparatively short, frequently

showing a kind of bilobed structure, and is not a con-

tinuous tube, but is widely grooved towards its extremity.

The uncus is comparatively very short, obtusely pointed,

and bears a small process on each side. In johnstoni the

penis is long and slender, it does not show a bilobed

structure, and though it is grooved like that of lycoa, the

10 Mr. H. Eltringham on the Forms and

walls are less widely separated. It is in the uncus, how-

ever, that the greatest difference is shown. It is produced

dorsally into a long curved extremity, somewhat hollowed

beneath, and slightly widened laterally at its termina-

tion. Whilst all the forms of dycoa from its western type

to its most extreme modification in the Abyssinian sub-

species present no noticeable change in the structure of

these organs, so all the forms of johnstoni, from the typical

male to confusa and fulvescens, and the subspecies torwna,

show the same form in the male genitalia, especially char-

acterised by the extremely long uncus and slender penis.

That these features are of specific value I have no doubt,

since I have also made preparations of the genitalia of

other nearly allied Acracas, and find that they present

features which I need not here specify further than to say

that they are entirely different and characteristic.

The male genitalia of the torwna form shown at fig. 3

afford little or no distinction from those of johnstont. The

claspers appear to be more distinctly lobed, but this is

a variable feature, and is found more or less developed

in some examples both of lycoa and johnstoni. The details

of the articulation of the claspers with the vinculum are

apparently rather different, though this point is not at

all reliable in a microscopic specimen, as the appearance

often varies with the point of view. The penis certainly

exhibits a similar formation to that of yohastoni, and differs

in the same degree from that of /ycoa. The uncus is

similar to that of yohnstoni. There can be no doubt that

toruna is as distinct from lycoa as is johnstoni, and further,

that so far as the genitalia are concerned, it is indis-

tinguishable from other forms of johnstoni. It appears to

be rare, and is certainly a local form and, as already

stated, I think it must be regarded as a geographical race

or subspecies of johnston.

Finally, we are now acquainted with the larvae both of

A, lycoa and A. johnstoni, and it will be of interest here to

compare them.

The larva of A. lycoa is figured by Aurivillius (Ent.

Tidskr., Plate 5, fig. 2, 1893), and is thus described :—

“The larva is yellowish without markings, with biack

head and black spines. The thorns are scarcely as long

as the diameter of the body.” The figure shows the larva

as having all the spines black, including those of the sub-

lateral row, whilst the body has no rings or markings of any

Geographical Distribution of Acraca lycoa, A. johnstoni. 11

kind. From a preserved specimen in the Tring Museum

the larva of A. johnstoni may be described as follows :—

Body yellowish beneath and brownish black above, each

segment with a ring of yellowish white, edged with brown

and divided in the middle by a dark brown line widened

somewhat at the base of each of the papillae which carry

the spines. Head black, and the first and last three

segments ventrally somewhat darker than the remainder.

Twenty-four dorsal black spines arranged in a double row.

Eleven lateral spines on each side, the last two projecting

backwards. Eight sublateral yellow spines on each side,

the first pair arising from the fourth segment (Plate II,

fig. 6).

The principal differences distinguishing this larva from

that of /ycoa are the dark-coloured dorsal area, the alterna-

tion of dark and light rings and the colour of the sublateral

row of spines.

SYNONYMY OF THE FORMS OF A. lycoa AND A.

johnstont.

Having now established the specific differences between

A. lycoa and A. johnstoni it remains to arrange the various

forms in accordance with the facts enumerated. The

varieties of A. /ycoa fall naturally into several geographical

races or subspecies, and it will therefore be convenient

to give them subspecific names. In the case of Acraea

johnstoni only one such geographical distinction can be

clearly discerned, viz. that of the variety toruna. Since

the form of A. johnstoni which must be taken as the type

(= semifulvescens, Oberth.) occurs in both sexes, I would

suggest that for the sake of uniformity, and without

implying the slightest discourtesy to Mr. Butler, that

the latter’s female should be assigned to Rogenhofer’s

confusa. The flavescens and semialbescens of Oberthiir are

not conveniently distinguishable from his proteina and

Rogenhofer’s confusa. Oberthiir describes the forewing

spots in proteina as white or pale yellow, in jlavescens as

yellow, and in semialbescens as white. All these variations

may be observed in long series, such as those from the

Chirinda District collected by Mr. C. F. M. Swynnerton and

Mr. G. A. K. Marshall. In this neighbourhood all the

examples of johnstoni appear to be of the confusa form,

whereas the latter occurs in company with the type

all

12 Mr. H. Eltringham on the Forms and

(= semifulvescens) and also with fulvescens at Kilimanjaro.

Although at Chirinda johnstont does not appear to produce

some of the varieties which occur elsewhere, and as sug-

gested by Prof. Poulton, appears to be influenced in its

pattern by A. Jobengula, I can find no constant features

which would justify the separation of these southern forms

as a geographical race. I therefore suggest the following

synonymy for the two species under consideration :—

ACRAEA LYCOA, Godart.

Type: Acraea lycoa lycoa.

Godt., Enc. Meth. 9, p. 289 (1819); Staudinger, Exot.

Schmett. 1, p. 85 (1885); Dewitz, Ent. Nachr., p. 104

(1889); Aurivillins, Rhop. Aeth., p. 115 (1898); Poulton,

Trans. Ent. Soc., p. 805 (1906) ; Eltringham, Af. Mim.

Butt. p. 47 (1910).

Sierra Leone to Nigeria. : Plate I, fig. 1, 3; fig. 2, 9.

lycoa media, Subsp. nov.

Fernando Po to Toro.

= lycoa, Auriv., Ent. Tidskr., 14, p, 277 (1893).

Male distinguished by the clearer definition of the spots in the

forewings, and the somewhat richer ground-colour. The female has

a darker ground-colour and slightly smaller and more distinctly

outlined hindwing patch.

lycoa bukoba, Subsp. nov.

Urundi Country between L. Tanganyka and L. V. Nyanza.

Male with dark ground-colour. Forewing spots medium size and

ochreous. Hindwing patch ill-defined and ochreous. Female with

dark ground-colour, forewing spots well defined. Hindwing patch

very faintly yellow.

Plate I, fig. 3, ¢; fig. 4, 2.

lycoa entebbia, Subsp. nov.

W. Uganda, Unyoro, Entebbe.

Male smoky grey. Forewing spots much reduced in size. Hind-

wing patch but little developed. Female with dark ground-colour.

Forewing spots smaller and more distinct than in previous sub-

species. Hindwing patch small and very faintly yellow.

Plate I, fig. 5, gf. (Female resembles fiy. 4.)

Geographical Distribution of Acraea lycoa, A. johnstom. 13

lycoa tirika, Subsp. nov.

Eastern Shore of L. V. Nyanza, Tiriki Hills.

Male resembles previous form, but forewing spots smaller and

hindwing patch more distinctly developed. Female with very dark

ground-colour, forewing spots small and very distinct. Hindwing

patch very small and distinctly yellow.

Plate I, fig. 6, f.

lycoa fallax, Subsp.

Mt. Kilimanjaro.

Rogenhofer (Planema), Ann. d. kk. Natur-hist.

Hofmus. Wien 6, p. 459, Plate 15, fig. 6 (1891); Butler,

Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 113 (1896); Auriv., Rhop. Aeth.,

p. 115 (1898); Poulton, Trans. Ent. Soc., p. 305, Plate 21,

figs. la, 2a (1906); Eltr., Af. Mim. Butt., p. 47, Plate III,

figs. 24, 25 (1910).

= kilimandjara, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent. 17, p. 26, Plate 2,

fig. 17 (1893); Butler, 2.c. (1896); Poulton, J. c.

(1906).

Plate I, fig. 7, 9.

lycoa kenia, Subsp. nov.

Mount Kenia, Kikuyu Escarpment.

Both sexes‘smaller than in other forms. Ground-colour nearly

black. Hindwing patch slightly edentate between third median and

radial nervules. Dark areas on underside smoky black. Male with

spots and hindwing patch lemon ochreous. Female hindwing patch

lemon ochreous. Forewing spots white.

Plate II, fig. 7.

lycoa aequalis, Subsp.

Abyssinia.

Roth. and Jord. Novit. Zool. XII, p. 184 (1905).

Sexes similar. Pale areas dull ochreous,

Plate t fic, 8, 9; fig. 9, ¢

ACRAEA JOHNSTONI.*

Type: johnstoni johnstoni.

Godman, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 5387 (1885) ; Holland, Ann.

* IT have followed the usual course in maintaining the first

described form as the type, though in this case the form in question

14 Mr. H. Eltringham on the Forms and

Nat. Hist., p. 248 (1893); Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 118

(1896); Aurivillius, Rhop. Aeth., p. 114 (1898) ; Poulton,

Trans. Ent. Soc., p. 300 (1906); Eltringham, Af. Mim.

Butt., p. 47 (1910).

= Planema telekiana, Rogenhofer, Ann. d. k.k. Natur-

hist., Hofmus. Wien, p. 459, Plate 15, fig. 4 (1891).

= Acraea proteina semifulvescens, Oberthiir, Etud. d’Ent.,

17, p. 26, Plate 2, fig. 21 (1893); Butler, Proc. Zool.

Soc. p. 113 (1896); Poulton, Trans. Ent. Soc., p. 302 ;

Plate 22, fig. 2a; Plate 21, fig. 3a (1906); Eltr., Af.

Mim. Butt., p. 47, Plate 8, fig. 13 (1910).

Plate I, fig. 12, 9.

Kilimanjaro, Meru, Usambara, Taveta.

johnston, f. confusa.

Rogenhof. in Baumann. ‘Usambara,’ Suppl., p. 326

(1891), and Ann. d. k.k. Natur-hist. Hofmus. Wien,

p. 459, Plate 15, fig. 5 (1891).

= johnstoni, 2, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 91 (1888).

= proteina, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., 17, p. 29, Plate 2,

fig. 14 (1893).

= proteina flavescens, Oberth. J. ¢., p. 26, Plate 1, fig. 4

(1893).

= proteina semialbescens, Oberth., lc, Plate 3, fig. 29

(1893).

Plate J figs: 13,9: 14, 7; 15, 9.

Nyassaland, Usambara, Taita, Taveta, Tiriki Hills,

Entebbe, Kilimanjaro, Chirinda, Kikuyu, Nguelo.

johnstoni, f. fulvescens (= proteina fulvescens).

Oberthiir, /.c., p. 26, Plate 2, fig. 21 (1893); Poulton,

Trans. Ent. Soc, p. 304, Plate 21, fig. 4a (1906); Eltr.,

Af. Mim. Butt., p. 47, Plate 3, fig. 26 (1910).

Plate I, ‘fig. 11, 2.

Taita, Kilimanjaro, Neuelo.

is a comparatively rare variety and there can be little doubt that

confusa is the ancestral form, and that systematically speaking

this form should be the type. In cases of this kind it would, I

think, be a great advantage if there were some agreement amongst

naturalists by which the commonest form of a variable species

might be allowed to take the place of the type in spite of its later

discovery.

ap ve doen gh utd

Trans.Ent.Soc.Lond.1911. PLT.

West,Newman chr.

H.Eltringham del

FORMS of A. LYCOA anp A.JOHNSTONI.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911. Pt. 1. :

H. Eltringham del. West, Newman lith.

A.LYCOA anp A.JOHNSTONI.

Fia.

Fig,

Se Set Co hon

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Pieri.

Acraea lycoa lycoa g. Oguta, Nigeria. (Tring.)

o s » @. Sierra Leone. (Hope Dept.)

bukoba g. Urundi District. (Tring.)

” 2. ” ” ”

“A » entebbia @. Monyouyo, Unyora, (Tring.)

tirika . ‘Tiriki Hills. (Hope Dept.)

35 » fallax 9. Kilimanjaro, as -

» aequalis 9. Banka, Malo, Abyssinia.

(Tring.)

Acraea lycoa aequalis g. Dareta Mts., Abyssinia (Tring.)

Acraea johnstoni toruna 9. Mt. Niragonwe. (Tring.)

3 3 f. fulvescens ¢. Nguelo, Usambara. Bred.

(Tring. )

Acraea johnstoni johnstoni 9. Nguelo, Usambara. Bred.

(Tring.)

Acraea johnstoni f. confusa 9. Nguelo, Usambara, Bred.

(Tring. )

Acraea johnstoni f. confusa ¢. Nguelo, Usambara. Bred.

(Tring.)

Acraea johnstoni f. confusa 9. Chirinda. (Hope Dept.)

Prater If:

Male Genital Armature of Acraea lycoa.

t Me = » johnstoni.

- -5 sts a5 i toruna.

Neuration in Acraea lycou.

» johnstoni.

Larva of Acraea johnstoni.

Acraea lycoa kenia ¢. Ngondo R., Kikuyu. (Ground-

colour brownish black, spots and hindwing patch

lemon ochreous.)

Geographical Distribution of Acraea lycoa, A. johnstoni. 15

johnstont ab. octobalra.

Karsch, Ent. Nachr., 20, p. 222 (1894), Mpwapwa.

johnstoni, Subsp. toruna.

Grose-Smith, Pt. 57, <Acraca, Plate 8, fig. 1 (1901);

Poulton, Trans. Ent. Soc., p. 303, Plate 22, fig. 3a

(1906); Eltr., Afr: Mim. Butt., p. 47, Plate 3, fig. 28

(1910).

= lycoa, f, var. Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 731 (1895).

= lycoa ab. butlert, Auriv. Rhop. Aeth., p. 115 (1898).

Plate I, fig. 10, 9.

Toro, Urundi.

I have to thank Prof. Poulton for kindly allowing me

to make use of the material in the Hope Department

for the purpose of this investigation, and also for much

kind help. I am also indebted to Mr. F. A. Heron for

kindly furnishing me with sketches and other information,

and to Dr. Karl Jordan for permission to examine and

prepare figures from the material in the Tring Museum.

EXPLANATION OF Puatess I, II.

[See Huplanation facing the PLATES. |

Corio)

IT. Some undescribed Butterflies from Dutch New Guinea.

By Sire Georce H. Kenrick, FES.

[Read October 19th, 1910.]

PEATEs wit VT,

I HAVE already described some butterflies of the genus

Delias from New Guinea, and I now add descriptions of

three more from the Arfak mountains in the north of the

Island.

I also describe one species of Ornithoptera, which may

possibly be a local form of O. chimaera, but as my collector

did not meet with any intermediate forms between it and

the type in any part of the country visited by him, I am

inclined to consider it as a good species.

It appears that Mr. C. B. Pratt regarded the female of

O. tithonus as the female of O. chimaera at first, not meeting

with the male of O. tithonus for some time. When he

afterwards found 0. tithonus f in company with this female,

he began to suspect his error, and he subsequently found

the true female of O. chimaera,

I have accordingly figured both sexes of both insects.

Writing of 0. ¢ithonus he says, “'The day after we arrived,

we each took one specimen of the male—one fortunately

being perfect. Soon after we noticed a tree overhanging

a steep precipice, with a sheer drop of 500 ft. to the river

below.

“Flying round and round this tree were many males

and females, more of the former than the latter. We

offered the natives very good payment if they would go up

with a net, but the tree was of a soft kind of wood, and

being in such a dangerous position we could not persuade

them todo so. We ourselves guarded the ridge every day,

but the males never once left the tree, so after some time

we had the tree cut down, thinking that then the males

would disperse and seek other flowering trees, but after

the tree had fallen we never saw another male.”

The first specimen of O. rothschildi, a male, was brought

to Mr. Pratt by a native, who said that he had taken it on

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PARTI. (MAY)

Sir G. H. Kenrick on Butterflies from Dutch New Guinea. 17

Mount Koberai, at an elevation of about 8000 ft., but

others were subsequently taken at 6000 ft., or even lower.

Ornithoptera rothschildi, n. sp.

(Plate Vio. VI, 2.)

Male: Of the general type of O. priamus, but fore-wing narrower

and hind-wing more oval. Upper-side : fore-wing black, with scattered

green scales distributed in long ill-defined patches. Three of these

are above the subcostal nervure between the end of the cell and the

apex. Three are below the cell and between nervures 1 and 2, 2 and

3, and 3 and 4, but they do not reach the termen. There is also a

narrow band along the inner margin. Hind-wing black ; the disc

covered by a large patch of gold, terminating in a series of points

between the nervures, which are black. Across this patch of gold

extends a tapering green band in which are 5 ill-defined black spots.

Fold black. The under-side in both wings similar to the upper-side,

but the green is more golden and better defined in patches and spots

in the fore-wing. Exp. 154 m-m.

Female: Resembles the same sex in O. priamus, paradisea, and

tithonus, but may be distinguished from all three by the following

characters—

1. The abdomen, which is hairy all over and heavily ringed with

black, especially above.

2. The absence of white markings in the cell of the fore-wing.

3. The presence of 7 black spots on the hind-wing instead of 6 as

in tithonus, the seventh being nearer the costa.

4, The under-side of the hind-wing being much less white than in

any of the others. In the hind-wing the black patch at the base

entirely covers the cell itself, but on either side it does not extend

much beyond the middle of the cell. Exp. 190 mm.

Dr. K. Jordan, who has kindly compared these insects

with the specimens of O. chimaera at Tring, writes as

follows—

“The chief differences in the male are as follows: in

0. rothschildi the green colour at apex of fore-wing is

reduced, as is also the case with the cell streak; hind angle of

fore-wing more rounded off, the whole being narrower, less

triangular; the black interspace between central green

area and green hind-marginal streak smaller on hind-wing,

which is less elongated; black margins very much broader,

the black spots much nearer the cell, hardly any green

at outer edge of golden area; the green area which

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART I. (MAY) C

18 Sir George H. Kenrick on

extends from black abdominal margin across apex of

the cell, and encloses the black spots, is not present in

chimaera.

“On under-side there is only a small green streak in cell

of fore-wing, and there is hardly any green beyond apex of

cell between the subcostals; the hind-wing is also very

different from that of chimaera.

“ Female: The fore-wing, as in male, more ovate than in

O. chimaera, owing to the obliquely rounded-off hind-

angle; cell without spot, whereas the three discal spots

placed below cell are at least as large as in chimaera;

black border to hind-wing broader than in chimaera, also

differently shaped, the two posterior sections of the

yellowish-grey area extended nearer to the cell than even

in those chimaera which have a spot in the apex of the

cell, no such spot in O. rothschildi.”

Delias africanus, n. sp.

(Plate III, fig. 2.)

Head, legs, and antennae black, palpi with grey hairs. Thorax

with yellow hairs below, and the usual white hairs above, which

extend to the base of the abdomen and below the cell of the

hind-wing. Abdomen yellowish white.

Upper-side : fore-wing sooty black, a little darker on the margins ;

hind-wing the same, but with an ill-defined yellowish patch extend-

ing partly over the cell.

Under-side : fore-wing sooty black, with a band of 5 irregular

yellow apical spots: between the cell and the inner margin the

spaces between the nervures are partly covered with white scales.

Hind-wing velvety black, a curved band of sulphur yellow near the

base ; the greater portion of the disc is filled with an elliptical patch

of pale pink suffused with orange: beyond the cell is a singular

black patch resembling a negro’s head and neck. Exp. 60 mm.

Arfak Mountains, January 1909.

Near to D. d’ Albertisi, Oberthiir, but differs in the

shape and position of the black patch on the under-side of

the hind-wing.

Delias imitator, n. sp.

(Plate III, fig. 3.)

Head, palpi, antennae, and legs black. Thorax black with a few

white hairs above. Abdomen dark grey above, white beneath.

Upper-side : fore-wing rather pointed, and outer margin slightly

Some undescribed Butterflies from Dutch New Guinea. 19

waved ; ground-colour black; an oblique yellowish band extends

from the middle of the inner margin towards the apex, it is inter-

rupted at the cell, and a white apical dot continues the line ; there

are four white dots on the hind margin. Hind-wing yellowish

white, with a broad black border extending from costa half way

round the wing and then continuing as a very narrow margin ; in

the broad part are three white dots.

Under-side: fore-wing as above, but the oblique band is wider

and the spotsare more distinct ; hind-wing black, with narrow white

costal stripe and broad angulated transverse white band, outwardly

serrated. In the black margin beyond are 6 irregular pale spots ;

there are also 3 yellow spots in the dark basal portion, and a thin

white line following nervure 1b. Female very similar, but the

Wings are more rounded. Exp. 50 mm.

Arfak Mountains, January 1909.

This insect bears a singular resemblance to some of the

species of the South American genus Leodonta, in which

the neuration is almost the same.

Delias elongatus, n. sp.

(Plate IIT, fig. 4.)

Head, palpi, antennae, and legs black. Thorax black, with brown

hairs below. Abdomen dark grey above, white beneath.

Upper-side : fore-wing dull black, faintly darker at end of cell;

an apical and marginal row of 7 ill-defined subtriangular white spots,

Hind-wing white, with black border of medium width. The base

of the wing fades into dark grey, and there is an ill-defined black

spot at end of cell.

Under-side : fore-wing dark grey with a whitish triangular patch

from inner margin upwards; the marginal spots are well-defined

and quadrate. Hind-wing white; a well-defined tapering black

streak extends along the costa, followed by a white band: then

follows a V-shaped black mark with apex towards the body and

extending from costa nearly to the angle. There is a round black

spot at the end of the cell, and a rusty ill-defined cloud covering

half the basal area. Marginal band deep black. Exp. 52 mm.

Arfak Mountains, January 1909. A single male

specimen only.

This insect differs from most of the New Guinea species

of Delias in having the wings longer and narrower, and

resembles some of the Australian species in this respect.

¢ 2

20 Sir G. H. Kenrick on Butterflies from Dutch New Guinea.

The marking of the under-side of the hind-wing is quite

remarkable and unusual in the genus.

Libythea hatami, n. sp.

(Plate IV, fig. 2.)

?. Head dark brown ; palpi, thorax, and abdomen on the upper-

side dark brown, on the under-side covered with grey hairs, the legs

wholly grey.

Upper-side: fore-wing of the usual shape in the genus, dark

brown inclined to sooty, an oval white spot at end of cell; another

spot, quadrate in form beyond this and between nervures 3 and 4,

extending partly between 4 and 5; two rounded white spots nearer

the apex separated by nervure 6; between these and the end of the

cell is an irregular spot tapering to the costa and crossed by two dark

nervures. Hind-wing slightly emarginate, dark brown ; a transverse

white band occupies the disc, but does not reach either margin ; a

quadrate white spot extends from the middle of the costa to the

subcostal nervure ; fringes of both wings whitish.

Under-side : the ground-colour is much paler ; all the spots are

repeated on a larger scale, and in addition the surface is marbled

with a number of whitish scales. Exp. 44 mm.

Mountains of Hatam, 3000 ft.

EXPLANATION OF Puates III-VI.

Puate IIT.

1. Ornithoptera tithonus ¢. p. 16.

2. Delias africanus, n. sp. p. 18.

» 38. D. imitator, n. sp. p. 18.

4, D. elongatus, n. sp. p. 19.

PLaTE IV.

. 1. Ornithoptera tithonus Q. p. 16.

» 2. Libythea hatami,n. sp. — p. 20.

PLATE V.

Ornithoptera rothschildi, n. sp. ¢. p. 17.

Puate VI.

Ornithoptera rothschildi, n. sp. Q. p. 17.

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III. A Revision of the Genus Diplatys, Serv. (Dermaptera)

By Matcoitm Borr, D.Sc., F.LS., F.Z.S., F.ES.

[Read April 6th, 1910.]

Prares VIL. VEIT.

In working out the Dermaptera for the “ Fauna of British

India” series, I was surprised at the number of undescribed

species of Diplatys which came to hand.

Six species, including African and American, were in-

cluded by de Bormans in his monograph of the Dermaptera

in 1900, yet in India alone we have now double that

number, of which ten were described by myself, seven of

them in the Indian monograph.

A considerable number from other parts of the world

rendered necessary a thorough revision of the genus. The

synonymy has now been to a great extent cleared up, and

there are no less than 33 species already known to science,

including those first described in these pages.

In 19042 I tentatively proposed a first attempt at a

classification based on structural characters, and I have

found this quite serviceable when elaborated to receive

the recently discovered species.

It is quite certain that there remain a very great many

new forms yet to be discovered, and very probably the

number of described species will be doubled within the

next few years.

Exceedingly valuable characters are afforded by the

subanal plate, or penultimate ventral segment.

This may be entire, emarginate, or more or less lobed.

The latter is the rarer shape: there is a small rectangular

lobe in D. angustatus, and in D. nigriceps there is a small

obtuse convexity.

In D. conradti and D. bormansi there is a small round

emargination, but the outline is more complex in JD.

gerstaeckeri, D. ernesti, D. flavicollis, and D. siva; in the latter

there are two round emarginations, with a smaller obtuse

emargination between them, so that there projects a trans-

verse, sinuate lobe between the two deep incisions. In

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PARTI. (MAY)

22 Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

D. gerstaeckert there are two emarginations leaving an

acute triangle between them; in D. ernesti the general

form is the same, but the triangular lobe is more obtuse.

In D. flavicollis there is a sharp incision forming two

acute lobes.

Where the subanal plate is entire, the posterior margin

may be gently sinuate or straight, the sides convex or

parallel, or the whole plate more or less rectangular or

rounded.

In D. macrocephalus it is very broad, subquadrate, the

posterior margin subsinuate, the exterior angles rounded.

In D. gladiator the outline is similar, and in D. falcatus

and D. lefroyi; in all these the sides are convex, the

posterior margin being almost straight in the former, and

narrower and subsinuate in the latter.

In the group with non-emarginate subanal plate, we

find D. bicolor, D. vosseleri, D. griffithsi, and D. greeni

with the posterior margin gently sinuate ; the remaining

species, with non-sinuate, entire subanal plate, fall into

two groups; the first has the last dorsal segment non-

inflated: in this group we have D. jacobsont and D.

annandalei, both Oriental species, with the subanal plate

rectangular; if is more or less rounded at the sides and

angles in D. rufescens, D. fletchert, and D. fella.

The last dorsal segment is inflated m D. liberatus, D.

raffrayi, and D. aethiops.

In the genus Diplatys, we find that a grouping of the

species according to the form of the last sclerites and of

the forceps gives results agreeing fairly well with the

geographical distribution of the species. At the same

time, the outline of the pronotum affords useful features,

as also the structure of the head.

We find three distinct types of head. In one type the

three areas with which the dorsal aspect is divided by the

transverse and median sutures are not strongly differ-

entiated from each other; the frons is not specially tumid,

and the right and left portions of the occiput are not

specially depressed, nor are they furnished with postocular

keels running from the inner margin of the eyes to the

extero-posterior angles of the head; the sutures are

well marked. This may be called the normal type of

head, as it shows the minimum deviation from the general

type of Dermapterous head. We find this normal type of

head in D. glacwator and D. bicolor.

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 23

In the next type, which we may call the sloping type,

the frons is distinctly tumid, the tumidity gradually

dying out posteriorly, ending at the posterior margin

of the head itself; the occiput is not strongly nor

abruptly depressed, nor markedly separated from the

frons, the transverse suture being obsolete, and the median

suture nearly so. In this type there are more or less

sharp keels running from the interior margin of the eye

to the extero-posterior angles of the head: these keels are

gently arched in D. lefroyi; in D. aethiops, D. gansoni, and

D. severa they are strong, and the posterior margin is

incrassate, so that they fuse with it, thus forming a blunt

rectangular ridge at the posterior angle, this ridge con-

tinuing to the median suture, which is short and distinct ;

in D. jacobsoni the keels are sharp and distinct, but short,

whereas in D. gerstaeckert and D. ernesti they are longer.

In the third type of head the frons is markedly tumid

and the occiput strongly depressed ; the transverse suture

is sometimes strongly marked, but sometimes indistinct

or obsolete, the tumid frons passing abruptly into the

depressed occiput with no clear suture, but only brusque

change from tumidity to depression. The members of

this group, which have rather short and feeble keels, are

D. siva, D. annandalei, D. conradti, D. angustatus, and D.

grifithst ; those with strong, sharp, and long keels, are

D. macrocephala, D. bormansi, D. greeni, D. rufescens, D.

vorselert, D. raffrayi, D. gracilis, and D. fletcheri. The

sutures are especially distinct in D. vosselert.

There appears, however, to be no connection between

the structure of the head and geographical distribution,

since we find in each group this arranged species from

various zoogeographical regions.

In order, therefore, to approach a more natural system,

it is necessary to adopt the structure of the apex of the

abdomen and its appendages as our basis of classification,

having recourse to the structure of the head and form of

the pronotum for supplementary features.

The pronotum is long and narrow in JD. thoracicus,

but as a rule the length is but little greater than the

breadth: the usual outline ranges between subpentagonal,

subrectangular, and suboval.

In some species the abdomen is strongly and abruptly

dilated at the apex, the last segment being strongly

inflated ; in others, the abdomen is less strongly and more

24 Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

gradually dilated, in which case the last segment is feebly

inflated ; in others, the dilation is scarcely pronounced,

the last dorsal segment being not inflated at all. The

branches of the forceps may be remote at the base and

arcuate, or subcontiguous and nearly straight; they

may be depressed or trigonal. In some cases they are

strongly dilated at the base itself, as well as flattened,

thus reminiscent of the Forficuline type of forceps.

All these above-mentioned characters are peculiar to

the males; in the females, the structure of the head is

simple and not specialised, the apex of the abdomen not

dilated, and the forceps invariably contiguous and simple.

The number of described species has been so much

augmented in recent years, that what were formerly con-

sidered to be dimorphic forms of the male are probably

to be considered distinct species. It is obvious that the

characters given by de Bormans are quite valueless, for

the species were discriminated by him by colour alone.

The form of the penultimate ventral segment is very

difficult to describe in words, and often hard to distinguish

with the eye. ‘The figures illustrate these diverse forms

better than any words can ‘do.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. Forcipis bracchia ¢ basi valde dilatata

ac deplanata.

2. Segmentum ultimum dorsale ¢

fortiter dilatatum, abdomine valde

latius ; forceps abrupte attenuatus.

3. Elytra vix longiora quam latiora ;

alae abortivae ; species indica . 1. gladiator, Burr

3.3. Elytra valde longiora quam

latiora ; alae perfecte expli-

catae.

4. Segmentum penultimum ven-

trale ¢ subquadratum, postice

haud angustatum, medio haud

impresso ; species africana . 2. macrocephalus, Beauv.

4.4, Segmentum penultimum ven-

trale ¢ postico subangusta-

tum, medio impresso ; species

fiedicay “(Oli Uo) bee. Wr Folens! porn

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 25

2.2. Segmentum ultimum dorsale ¢

paullo dilatatum, abdomine vix

latius; forcipis pars dilatata

brevis, a supero aegre distin-

guenda; species indicae.

3. Segmentum penultimum ventrale

) é lateribus rotundatis, margine

: postico leviter sinuato; forcipis

k bracchia ¢ robusta, leviter

p arcuate... |. . A, lefroyi, Burr

3.3. Segmentum penultimum ven-

orale é fortiter angustatum,

margine postico in lobum

truncatum producto; forci-

pis bracchia graciliora, fortius

SP ae Te

f arcuata . . . 5. angustatus, Burr

D 1.1. Forcipis bracchia ¢ ane hand valde

a dilatata.

2. Pronotum duplo longius quam

latius, parallelum ; species brasi-

liensis. (Pronotum femoraque

pallida, nigro-vittata) . . . . 6. thoracicus, Dohrn

2.2. Pronotum haud plus quam 1}

longius quam latius, vel aeque

longum ac latum.

3. Antennae segmentis 4 globulari,

5 pyriformi (segmentum penul-

timum ventrale angustum ;

parallelum, apice rotundatum ;

pronotum longius quam latius ;

colore fulvo-rufo, species brasi-

Rensisy ys. : . 7. gracilis, Stal

3.3. Antennae peementis Seetibuls

cylindricis vel subcylindricis.

4, Occiput ¢ margine postico ipso

incrassato, plus minus

reflexo; (pronotum aeque

longum ac latum; species

neotropicae).

5. Segmentum ultimum dorsale

abdomine vix latius; colore

rufo, nigro-variegato. . . 8. jansoni, Borm.

5.5. Segmentum ultimum dor-

sale ¢ abdomine dimidio

latius; coloreatro. . . 9. severa, Borm.

26 Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

4.4. Occiput ¢ margine postico

haud inerassato ; species

africanae et orientales.

5. Segmentum penultimum ven-

trale ¢ vel emarginatum,

vel lobatum.

6. Segmentum penultimum

ventrale 4 simpliciter

rotundato-emarginatum . 10. conradti, Burr

6.6. Segmentum penultimum

ventrale ¢ emargina-

tum ac lobatum.

7. Segmentum penultimum

ventrale ¢ emargina-

tione transversa, lobulis

brevibus.

8. Segmentum penul-

timum ventrale ¢

lobulis brevissimis,

acutis..... «,...\. LL. bormansi, Burr

8.8. Segmentum penul-

timum ventrale ¢

lobulis majoribus

rotundatis . . . 12. dohrni, sp. n.

7.7. Segmentum _penulti-

mum ventrale 4d

medio lobo instruc-

tum, utrinque emar-

ginatum.

8. Segmentum penulti-

mum ventrale ¢

lobo ipso sinuato

vel emarginato.

9. Segmentum penulti-

mum ventrale ¢

lobo _ transverso,

margine sinuato,

utrinque rotun-

dato-emarginatum. 13. siva, Burr

9.9. Segmentum penul-

timum ventrale

d lobo angus-

tiori medio pro-

funde fisso . . 14. flavicollis, Shir.

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 27

8.8. Segmentum penulti-

mum ventrale ¢

lobulo integro.

9. Segmentum penulti-

mum <4 _ lobulo

acuto; colore rufo-

testaceo. . . . 15. gerstaeckeri, Dohrn

9.9. Segmentum penul-

timum ventrale

3 lobulo rotun-

dato; colore fusco

velnigro . . . 16. ernesti, Burr

5.5. Segmentum penultimum

ventrale ¢ neque emar-

ginatum nec lobatum.

: 6. Segmentum penultimum

| ventrale ¢ margine

| postico convexo . . . 17. nigriceps, Kirby

6.6. Segmentum penultimum

ventrale g margine

postico sinuato vel trun-

cato.

7. Segmentum penultimum

ventrale @ margine

postico leviter sinuato.

8. Forcipis bracchia ¢

depressa, recta, vix

attenuata.

9. Pronotum rotun-

datum ; colore

fulvo ; species

africana . . . 18. bicolor, Dubr.

9.9. Species borneensis. 19. griffithsi, sp. n.

8.8. Forcipis bracchia ¢

basi incrassata, tum

attenuata, sub-

arcuata ; (colore

fusco ; species

ceylonica) . . . 20. greent, Burr

7.7. Segmentum _ penulti-

mum ventrale ¢ mar-

gine postico truncato

vel rotundato.

28 Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

8. Segmentum ultimum dorsale g

vix inflatum, abdomine vix vel

paullo latius.

9. Segmentum penultimum vent-

rale ¢ apice rotundatum vel

angustatum, vel saltem lateri-

bus subrotundis.

10. Segmentum _—penultimum

ventrale ¢ angulis haud

rotundatis (colore fulvo ;

species indica)

10.10. Segmentum penultimum

ventrale ¢ angulis

rotundatis.

11. Segmentum penultimum

ventrale ¢ lateribus sub-

convexis, apice sub-

angustatum, ac trun-

catum.

12. Statura majore; forci-

pis bracchia elongata;

species africana .

12.12. Statura minore;

forcipis bracchia

brevia; species

ceylonica

11.11. Segmentum _ penullti-

mum ventrale 4

lateribus subconcavis,

apice fortius angu-

statum; species afri-

cana apie

9.9. Segmentum penultimum ven-

trale ¢ rectangulare; species

orientales.

10. Segmentum ultimum dor-

sale ¢ abdomine vix latius;

forcipis bracchia ¢ haud

contigua,depressa, interdum

falcata; colore fulvo.

. 21. rufescens,

Kirby

. 22. vosselert,

Burr

. 23. fletchert,

Burr

. 24. fella, sp. n.

25. jacobsoni,

sp. n.

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 29

10.10. Segmentum ultimum dor-

sale ¢ abdomine dis-

tincte latius, sed haud

inflatum ; forcipis

bracchia ¢ contigua;

colore fusco . . . . 26. annandalei,

sp. n.

8.8. Segmentum ultimum dorsale ¢

inflatum, abdomine valde

latius.

9. Abdomen apicem versus sensim

ampliatum, segmento ultimo

ceteris valde latiori; species

orientalis: ose). ) sy 5 (5 Slo eberatus,

Burr

9.9. Segmentum ultimum dorsale

¢ fortiter et abrupte

inflatum; species africanae.

10. Statura majore; pubescens;

occiput impressum; colore

fusco, rufo variegato . . 28. raffrayi,

Borm.

10.10. Statura minore; glabra;

occiput repletum; colore

GPO Tos eh eae og) oD, BeOS:

Burr

1. Diplatys gladiator, Burr

Diplatys gladiator, Burr, (1905*) pp. 28 and 29, (1906')

p- 319, (1910*) p. 41.

This is a very distinct species ; it is one of the few with

the normal type of head, with abortive wings and rather

short elytra ; the coloration and forceps are also distinctive.

It is described and discussed in (19101). It is recorded

from Calcutta.

Type in the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

2. Diplatys macrocephalus, Pal.-Beauv.

Forficula macrocephala, Pal.-Beauv., (1805) p. 36, orth.

PIT, fio. 33

Diplatys macrocephala, Serv., (1831) p. 33, (1839) p. 51.

Es 34 Scudd., (1876) p. 309.

Bs ‘ Borm., (1900) p. 9, fig. 5 (excl.

syn.), (nec Borm. 1888 and 1894).

30 Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

Diplatys macrocephala, Burr, (1900*) p. 47, (1904?) p.

282.

Diplatys macrocephala, Kirby, (1904) p. 1 (excl. syn. D.

rafrayt).

Diplatys macrocephala, Borelli, (1907°) p. 346.

This species, the type of the genus, resembles some of

the Indian species with inflated last dorsal segment. It

occurs in West Africa, in the Congo State at Boma (Mus.

Brux.) and Stanley Pool (c.m.),in Benin under the bark

of trees (Pal.-Beauv.), and in Fernando Po, at Basile, at an

elevation of 2000 ft. (Borelli). The species from Burma

recorded under this name by de Bormans are to be

referred to D. bormansi and D. liberatus.

I was unable to find the type in the Paris Museum, and

do not know where it is.

3. Diplatys falcatus, Burr

Diplatys falcatus, Burr, (1910') p. 42, fig. 4 and fig. 3a

in text.

This Indo-Burmese species is described, discussed and

figured by me in (1910'). It has a superficial resemblance

to the preceding species, but the penultimate ventral

segment is different.

Type in the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

4. Diplatys lefroyi, Burr

Diplatys lefroyi, Burr, (1910") p. 44, fig. 5 and fig. 3) in

text.

This is another Indian species described and figured in

the same work. The basal dilation of the forceps is so

short that it may easily escape detection. Thus the species

has a superficial resemblance to J. bormansi, but it is in

reality allied to D. falcatus.

Type in the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

5. Diplatys angustatus, Burr

Diplatys angustatus, Burr, (1910') p. 44, fig. 6 and

fig. 3c in text.

This Indian species is related to the preceding, but may

be at once distinguished by the rectangular lobe on the

penultimate ventral segment.

Type in the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 31

6. Diplatys thoracieus, Dohrn

Cylindrogaster thoracicus, Dohrn, (1868) p. 59.

5 5 Borm., (1900*) p. 12.

+ e Kirby, (1904) p. 2.

This Brazilian species may be recognised at once among

all its congeners, by the long and narrow pronotum, which

is nearly twice as long as broad, with parallel sides. The

head is humid, with depressed occiput and sharp postocular

keels.

It is apparently a rare species. Dohrn records it from

Rio de Janeiro, and there is a broken male from Espirito

Santo in the Brunner collection in Vienna.

Dohrn states that the type is in the Helsingfors

Museum.

7. Diplatys gracilis, Stal

Cylindrogaster gracilis, Stal, (1855) p. 350.

‘ » Dohrn, (1863) p. 58.

5 al Borm., (1900?) p. 11, fig. 8.

» 3 Kirby, (1904) p. 2.

. ¥ Burr, (1909?) p, 254.

Diplatys gracilis, Stal, (1860) p. 306.

Cylindrogaster sahlbergi, Dohrn, (1863) p. 59.

iB i Borm., (19007) p. 12.

This is a second Brazilian species, resembling the former,

but with shorter pronotum, and dull red colour. I sink as

synonymous D. sahlbergi, Dohrn, which differs only in

trifling variation of colour: de Bormans (l.c.) suggested

their specific identity. The globular fourth, and pyriform

fifth, antennal segments are distinctive.

It is recorded from Rio de Janeiro, Theresopolis, and

Espirito Santo.

8. Diplatys jansoni, Karby

Cylindrogaster jansoni, Kirby, (1891) p. 507.

Diplatys jansoni, Borm., (1893) p. 2, Pl. I, fig. 102,

(1900?) p. 9.

Diplatys gansoni, Kirby, (1904) p. 2.

a 2 Burr, (1904?) p. 278, 280.

It is a handsome red and black species occurring in

Central America. It is closely allied to the following.

The head in both these species has the same structure

as in the Ethiopian D. aethiops, that is, smooth and humid,

32 Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

with thickened posterior margin joining the postocular

keels.

The contrast between the deep black and bright orange

red is very striking; the females especially have a strong

superficial resemblance to red and black Staphylinidae.

Type in the B.M.

9. Diplatys severus, Borm.

Diplatys severa, Borm., (1893) p. 2, Pl. I, fig. 3, (1900?)

Diplatys severa, Kirby, (1904) p. 2.

x . Burr, (1904?) p. 278 and 280.

An all-black ally of the preceding, occurring also in

Central America. De Bormans suggested that it may be

merely a melanic form of D. jansoni, but the last abdominal

segment is more strongly dilated and the body is much

more hairy.

Type in the B.M.

10. Diplatys conradti, Burr

Diplatys conradti, Burr, (1904?) p. 278 and 281, (19079)

p- 508.

Diplatys conradti, Borelli, (1907°) p. 346.

This is an African species allied to D. raffrayi, but

slenderer, the postocular carina shorter and blunter; the

penultimate ventral segment of the male has a round

median emargination, as in the structurally related

Burmese D. bormansi, but the pronotum is longer.

Type in the Paris Museum.

11. Diplatys bormansi, Burr

Diplatys macrocephala, Borm. (nec Pal.-Beauv.), (1888)

p. 433, (1894) p. 372, (1900?) p. 9 (text, partim).

Diplatys nigriceps, Burr, (19042) p. 279 and 284 (partim).

Diplatys bormansi, Kirby, (1904) p. 1 (nomen nudum).

ss > Burr, (1910") p. 45, figs. 91, 91a.

This is a Burmese species which was confused by

de Bormans with D. macrocephalus, and by me with D.

nigriceps and D. greent. It differsfrom them all in having

the penultimate ventral segment of the male emarginate

in the middle.

The superficial resemblance to D. nigriceps, D. greent,

and D. liberatus is very strong.

Type in my collection.

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 33

12. Diplatys dohrni, sp. n.

Parva, nigra; caput laeve, tumidum; segmentum ultimum sat

inflatum ; segmentum penultimum ventrale parallelum, margine

postico utrinque profunde exiso, lobo medio sinuato; forcipis

bracchia contigua, conica. 2.

HONS [EORDOLIAY 1 saul Ua er) 4 Ostet,

PASAOLEMIA otis. wh ce ia el 5

D. dohrni.

Small and slender ; general colour black.

Antennae brownish, second and third segments yellowish (ten

segments remain).

Head tumid, smooth, sutures obsolete ; postocular region tumid,

not keeled.

Pronotum bordered posteriorly with whitish ; about as broad as

long, and somewhat narrowed posteriorly.

Elytra very ample, pubescent, black.

Wings ample, and long, of the same colour.

Legs blackish, the joints yellowish.

Abdomen black, with golden pubescence; slender, widening

gradually from the waist to the

Last dorsal segment, which is large, considerably, but not abruptly,

inflated.

Penultimate ventral segment ample ; posterior border with a deep

round emargination on each side, near the corner, thus forming a

medium transverse lobe which is gently sinuate, with rounded angles.

Forceps with the branches short, contiguous, and straight.

Java: (Fruhstorfer).

This species is founded on a single male kindly com-

municated to me by Dr. H. Dohrn, in whose collection it is.

It belongs to the group of D. bormansi with round

TRANS, ENT. SOC, LOND, 1911.— PARTI, (MAY) D

34 Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

emarginations on the penultimate ventral segment, but

the emarginations are far deeper and stronger than in

that species, and more rounded, with a consequently more

prominent median lobe, which has the angles more

rounded. The form resembles that of D. siva, but this is

a much smaller and weaker insect.

13. Diplatys siva, Burr

Diplatys siva, Burr, (1904°) p. 278 and 283, (1906*)

p. 387, (1907°) p. 508, (1910!) p. 49.

This is a large, dull grey-brown North Indian species,

well characterised by the peculiar form of the penultimate

ventral segment of the male.

Type in the Paris Museum.

14. Diplatys flavicollis, Shiraki

Diplatys flavicollis, Shir., (1907) p. 104.

» > Burr, (1909*) p. 339 and 340.

This species is described by Shiraki from Formosa on

the model of the old-fashioned descriptions of de Bormans,

D, flavicollis.

with practically no reference to structure; so from his

work alone it is impossible to determine its true position

with accuracy.

Fortunately, I possess a male from Taiwan, Formosa,

which agrees in every respect with Shiraki’s description,

and I have no hesitation in identifying it as D. flavicollis.

The chief feature is the very characteristic form of the

penultimate ventral segment, in the middle of the posterior

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 35

margin of which there is a deep and narrow incision,

forming a pair of rather long, acute lobes.

The head is of the third type, that is, the frons is

strongly tumid, with well-marked transverse depression

behind; the edge of the occiput is somewhat swollen, the

sutures not very distinct.

The pronotum is subpentagonal, a trifle longer than

broad, and somewhat narrowed posteriorly. The last

dorsal segment is inflated, but not very strongly, and the

forceps are simple, contiguous, somewhat depressed, and

straight, feebly hooked at the tips.

15. Diplatys gerstaeckert, Dohrn

Nannopygia gerstaeckeri, Dohrn, (18638) p. 60.

i Scudder, (1876+) p. 326.

4 . Borm., (1884) p. 372, (1900?)

eb,

f Dyscritina longisetosa, Westwood, (1881) p. 601, PI.

XXII, fig. 1.1-a-1.

Dyscritina longisetosa, Green, (1896) p. 229, (1898)

. 383.

r Diplatys longisetosa, Burr, (18981) p. 388, Pl. XVIII,

fig. 4, 5 and 16, Pl. XIX, fig. 9 and 4.

Diplatys longisetosa, Borm., (1900?) p. 10, fig. 6.

Diplatys gerstaeckert, Burr, (1901) p. 74, Pl. A, fig. 4

and 5, (1904°) p. 299 and 282, (1910!) p. 46, fig. 7 and

3d in text.

Cylindrogaster rufescens, Burr (nec Kirby), (19008) p. 48.

This little red Singalese species is fully described,

figured and discussed by me in (19101). It forms a natural

group with D. ernesti, Burr, characterised by the emargina-

tion of the penultimate ventral segment of the male.

It is this species whose postembryonic development has

been described by Green under the name Dyscritina

longisetosa.

Type in the Berlin Museum.

15a. Diplatys gerstaeckeri, var. calidasa, Burr

Diplatys gerstaeckert, var. calidasa, Burr, (1904?) p. 279

and 282, (1906) p. 387, (1907%) p. 508, (1910") p. 48.

This is a large North Indian form, of which the female

only is known; it resembles D. gerstaeckeri in every

respect except size, but discovery of the male may show

36 Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

that it is a distinct species. Perhaps it is the female of

D. rufescens.

Type in the Paris Museum.

16. Diplatys ernesti, Burr

Diplatys ernesti, Burr, (1910!) p. 48, fig. 9.

A small black Singalese species closely allied to D.

gerstaeckert. It differs in the all-black colour and in the

more obtuse and broader median triangular lobe on the

posterior margin of the penultimate ventral segment of

the male.

Type in my collection.

17. Diplatys nigriceps, Kirby

Diplatys nigriceps, Kirby, (1891) p. 507, (1904) p. 2.

Borm., (1900?) p. 10 (partim).

Burr, (1902) p. 477, (1904?) p. 279

and 284 (partim).

Diplatys croiai, Burr, (1904?) p. 280 and 284, (19079) p.

508.

This black and white species is characterised by the

form of the penultimate ventral segment of the male,

which is gently rounded at the sides, with the posterior

margin slightly, but distinctly, convex in the middle;

there is also a median depressed sulcus.

It was originally described from Hong Kong, but prob-

ably D. croiai, Burr, in the Paris museum, from Malacca

Peninsula, and the Borneo specimen in the Budapest

Museum, are to be referred here.

It is unknown in Burma, Ceylon, and India, though

specimens of D. greeni, Burr, from Ceylon, were confused

with it; and probably, also, of D. bormansi, Burr, and

D, liberatus, Burr, from Burma.

Therefore, several mentions of D. nigriceps in literature

really refer to one of those species, the synonymy of which

should be examined.

Type in the B.M.

18. Diplatys bicolor, Dubr.

Labia bicolor, Dubrony, (1879) p. 95.

Borm., (1900?) p. 72.

Kirby, (1904) p. 25.

” ”

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 37

This species, of uniform tawny colour, and head of the

normal type, is known from Abyssinia and Eritrea.

Type in Madrid Museum.

19. Diplatys griffithsi, sp. n.

Statura minore; colore fulvo et castaneo; pronotum breve ;

subrotundatum ; segmentum ultimum dorsale ¢ haud inflatum ;

segmentum penultimum ventrale ¢ parallelum, margine postico late

sinuato, angulis subrotundatis ; forcipis bracchia ¢ depressa, recta,

intus crenulata, apice recurva.

d ?

Leng: corporis: 0) 0.0) Smit.) 6. * 9d mm.

a PHORGIDIG: cL hs pok Aor EMM oo. Co 25 mm,

Size small; general colour dark chestnut, varied with tawny.

Antennae with 15-17 segments, all cylindrical, 4th a little shorter

than the 3rd, basal two blackish, the rest yellowish, passing to

greyish towards the apex.

Head broad and flat, dark chestnut, frons tumid, occiput depressed

with distinct keel behind the eyes, which are very large and promi-

nent; the frons is less tumid and occiput less depressed in the 2.

Pronotum tawny, about as broad as long, anterior, margin convex

sides converging posteriorly as the posterior margin is strongly

narrowed; prozona distinctly tumid and metazona depressed.

Scutellum prominent, depressed.

Elytra ample, dark chestnut, tawny at the shoulders.

Wings ample, dark chestnut; legs pale yellowish, sometimes

shaded with brown.

Abdomen parallel in, gently constricted in the middle in the ¢,

smooth, yellowish at the base, passing to dark chestnut towards the

apex ; lateral tubercles of 3rd and 4th segments distinct.

Last dorsal segment in the ¢ not inflated, no wider than the

abdomen, rectangular in the ¢, slightly narrowed in the 9.

Penultimate ventral segment in the ¢ parallel-sided, posterior

margin broad, sinuate, the angle slightly produced, thus forming

small, rounded lobes; in the 9 narrow, rounded.

Forceps with the branches in the ¢ depressed, subcontiguous,

straight, inner margin serrulate, points hooked; in @ subcon-

tiguous, straight, trigonal.

Borngo: Sarawak, Saribas, August 1908 (Museum

Sarawak) ; British North Borneo, Sambas, March Ist, 1909

(C. Griffiths, cm.)

This species falls with the group of D. greeni, character-

ised by the sinuous posterior margin of the penultimate

38 Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

ventral segment of the male ; from D. grcenz it differs in the

depressed forceps; from the Ethiopian, D. bicolor, Dubr.,

and JD. vosselert, Burr, in the parallel-sided penultimate

ventral segment of the gf and broad sinuation. It is

different in colour from D. bicolor, and much smaller than

D. vosseleri. It is dedicated to my friend Mr. Cyril

Griffiths, A.R.S.M., who discovered the female at Sambas.

Type in my collection.

20. Diplatys vosseleri, Burr

Diplatys vosseleri, Burr, (1907'°) p. 201, (1909?) p. 253.

This is a large brown East African species; the head

is of the third, or typical, form, with all the sutures very

well marked.

Type in the Berlin Museum.

21. Diplatys green, Burr

Dyscritina longisetosa, Green, (1896) p. 229, figs. partim.

Dyscritina, sp. n., Green, (1898) p. 383.

Diplatys nigr iceps, Burr (nec Kirby, nee Borm.), (1898*)

p. 389, Pl. XVIII, figs. 1-8, Pl. XIX, figs. 6-8 and 15,

(1901) p. 75, Pl. A, figs. 1-3; Borm. ,(1900%) p. 10 partim ;

Kirby, (1904) p. 2 partim,

Diplatys greent, Burr, (19042) p. 280 and 285, (19101)

p. 50.

This is the species whose postembryonic development

was worked out by Green, together with that of D. gers-

taeckert: it was originally referred by me to D. nigriceps,

but the accumulation of more material and the growth

of our knowledge has shown that it is a perfectly distinct

species.

Superficially it resembles D. bormansi, but differs in the

gently sinuate subanal plate ; it is the only species known

to mein which the forceps are stout at the base and convex,

cylindro-conical, quickly attenuate and slightly arcuate. In

D. bormansi they are trigono-conical and almost straight.

Type in my collection.

22. Diplatys rufescens.

Cy as rufescens, Kirby, (1896) p. 524, Pl. XX,

fig.

Piicinats rufescens, Kirby, (1904) p. 2; Burr, (1907°)

p. 508, (19101) p. 51, fig. 75.

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 39

This is a rather large red-brown North Indian species.

It is imperfectly known. The type,in the British Museum,

is in poor condition.

23. Diplatys fletcher, Burr

Diplatys fletcheri, Burr, (19101) p. 52, fig. 8.

Described and figured in (1910) from a pair taken at

Madulsima, in Ceylon, by Mr. T. B. Fletcher. The head

is typical, with tumid frons, depressed occiput, and long,

straight, sharp keels.

Type in my collection.

24. Diplatys raffrayi, Dubr.

Diplatys raffrayi, Dubr., (1879) p. 91; Borm., (19007)

p. 9; Burr, (1904?) p. 279-282; Kirby, (1904) p. 1;

Borelli, (1907) p. 346(?).

Diplatys macrocephala, Kirby, (1904) p. 1 partim.

This is an African species which somewhat resembles,

and is doubtless often confused with, D. macrocephalus.

Ihave found a specimen which is certainly the original

type, in the Madrid Museum, labelled “ Raffray, Zanzibar.”

It may be distinguished from D. macrocephalus, not by

the colour, with which de Bormans was content, but by

the slenderer and more hairy body, less inflated last dorsal

segment, and depressed and regularly dilated forceps.

I am inclined to doubt Borelli’s determination of a West

African specimen, since the form is only known decidedly

from Zanzibar. It probably replaces D. macrocephalus in

Kast Africa.

Type in Madrid Museum.

25. Diplatys fella, Burr

Statura mediocri; colore rufo; pronotum fere aeque longum ac

latum, antice convexum, lateribus et margine postico rotundatis ;

segmentum ultimum dorsale haud ampliatum, abdomine vix latius ;

segmentum penultimum ventrale apicem versus subangustatum,

margine postico truncato, angulis rotundatis; forcipis bracchia

recta, parallela, haud dilatata depressa, g; ? ignota.

Long. corporis . . . - . 125mm.

imedorcipis arts pQndle ele 45)

Size medium ; colour reddish tawny.

40 Dr. Malcolm ee Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

Antennae with about 25 segments, yellowish, 3rd segment rather

short, barely twice as long as broad, 4th and 5th very short, no

longer than broad, 6th a little longer, 7th about equal to 3rd, the rest

gradually lengthening.

Head brick-red ; frons tumid, occiput depressed, the posterior

keels sharp and distinct.

Pronotum yellowish red, a little narrower than the head, about as

broad as long, convex anteriorly, narrowed posteriorly, the sides and

posterior margin straight, the angles rounded.

Elytra very ample, tawny near the base, darker towards the

apex.

Wings long, pale straw-coloured.

Legs slender, yellowish.

Abdomen brick-red.

Last dorsal segment scarcely wider than the abdomen, about as

wide as long.

Penultimate ventral segment truncate posteriorly, somewhat

narrowed towards the apex, the angles themselves rounded.

Forceps brick-red, darker at the base ; depressed but triquetre,

subcontiguous and parallel, attenuate towards the apex, and gently

incurved at the apex; inner margin finely denticulate in basal

portion.

Keypr: Cairo.

This species resembles D. jacobsont and D. rufescens in

the straight forceps, narrow anal segment, and truncate

penultimate ventral segment with rounded angles; it

differs from the former in having the penultimate ventral

segment distinctly narrowed apically, in this respect some-

what approaching D. rufescens, but in that species the

angles are not rounded. The pronotum is a little shorter

and more rectilinear than in D. rufescens, and the colour

red or tawny. It is decidedly larger than D. jacobsonc.

The African species which come nearest to it are

D. licolor (aw which the pronotum is rounded), D. vosseleri

(a much larger, darker, and more robust insect), but in

both these the penultimate ventral segment is more or less

sinuate.

Type in Madrid (?).

26. Diplatys jacobsoni, sp. n.

Statura minore; segmentum ultimum dorsale abdomine vix

latius ; segmentum penultimum ventrale rectangulare, truncatum ;

orcipis bracchia recta, depressa ¢.

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 41

)

Leng. tonporis:.>. 2/1.) 4. str 2), 6 Gm.

oe MMLC N TALS pIp ya3) Ap y ai) Voy eit \) =» b

”

Size small ; build slender ; colour reddish brown ; the whole body

clothed with a dense, short, pale pubescence.

Antennae yellowish, typical (10 segments remain).

Head shining brown; frons smooth and replete; occiput

depressed ; postocular keels sharp.

Pronotum about as broad as long, anterior border convex, sides

straight; posterior margin straight, the angles rounded ; slightly

narrower posteriorly than anteriorly ; red brown.

Elytra ample, brown, yellowish at the shoulders.

Wings long and narrow, dull brown.

Feet long and slender, yellowish.

Abdomen yellowish at the base, passing into reddish.

Last dorsal segment square, ouly slightly wider than the narrowest

part of the abdomen.

Penultimate ventral segment rectangular, truncate, rather narrow.

Forceps with the branches straight, contiguous, depressed or

regularly tapering, points gently hooked, trigonal; sometimes

abruptly attentuated before the apex ; inner margin smooth, ¢;

2 unknown.

JAVA: Batavia, 29. ii, 08, 1 ¢ (leg. E. Jacobson, in Mus.

Leyden).

The forceps may vary considerably. In the specimen

originally chosen as the type, the branches, though

depressed, taper gradually, and are gently hocked at the

apex. Ina specimen in the Vienna Museum, the forceps

are distinctly dilated in the basal half, and then abruptly

attenuated, the apical half thus inclosing an elliptical area,

recalling several species of Forficula. In other specimens

in the Vienna Museum there is every gradation between

these two extreme forms.

This delicate little species resembles D. gerstaeckeri,

Dohrn, in colour and in build, but is even smaller and

more fragile. It may be at once distinguished by the

truncate posterior margin of the penultimate ventral

segment of the male.

It also resembles D. rufescens, but the penultimate

ventral segment in that species has the angles somewhat

rounded, and the last dorsal segment is broader, and the

build stronger and bigger.

The narrow last dorsal segment distinguishes D. jacob-

42 Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

sont from D. raffrayi and D. aethiops, but in those African

species the forceps are decidedly flattened, whereas in this

species, though somewhat depressed, they are in reality

trigonal.

Type in Leyden Museum.

27. Diplatys annandalei, sp. n.

Statura mediocri; colore fusco; pronotum pentagonale; seg-

mentum ultimum dorsale abdomine latius et haud transversum ;

segmentum penultimum ventrale haud angustatum, margine postico

truncato; forcipis bracchia recta cylindrico-conica, haud depressa,

contigua: ¢; @ ignota,

Juong: corporis. . |v). f4/)<: 105 mm.

SUMLONCIpIsicr cups Tsith. io f a 1 -

Size medium, colour fuscous.

Antennae...

Head black ; frons tumid ; occiput depressed.

Pronotum pentagonal, slightly longer than wide, narrowed

posteriorly ; sides straight, posterior margin straight, angles rounded.

Elytra ample, blackish.

Wings prominent, blackish.

Feet yellowish, banded with blackish.

Abdomen purplish red.

Last dorsal segment black, ample, smooth, wider than the abdomen

but not wider than long.

Penultimate ventral segment rectangular, posterior margin

truncate.

Forceps with the branches rounded above, the under surface flat,

short, straight, unarmed, contiguous and yellowish in colour.

Stam: Biserat, Bukit Tapang (leg. Annandale, v, ’99.

Type 1 3g, in c.m.).

In the form of the pronotum, this species approaches

D. jacobsoni, but ditfers in the form of the penultimate

ventral segment: from D. rufescens, it differs in the shorter

pentagonal pronotum.

Type in my collection.

28. Diplatys liberatus, Burr

Nannopygia gerstaeckeri, Borm. (nec Burr, nec Kirby),

(1894) p. 372 partim, (1900?) p. 11 partim.

Diplatys liberatus, Burr, (19101), p. 52, figs. 90, 90a.

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 43

This species is founded on a single male, now in the

British Museum, which is one of the original specimens

taken by Fea in Burma, and recorded by de Bormans

under the name of Nannopygia gerstaeckerr.

It is more nearly allied to D. nigriceps, but the subanal

plate is not convex: the rectilinear pronotum distinguishes

it from that species, and also from D. rufescens. The

forceps are short, broad and flat, thus approaching the

two following species.

Type in B.M.

29. Diplatys aethiops, Burr

Diplatys aethiops, Burr, (19047) p. 280, (1907°) p. 508.

: » Borelli, (19075) p. 346.

This is a small jet-black West African species, re-

D. aethiops.

sembling the Central American D. severus in colour and the

structure of the head.

Type in Paris Museum.

In the British Museum there is a specimen from Dar-es-

Salaam, which I refer here.

30. Diplatys viator, Burr

Diplatys viator, Burr, (1904°) p. 278 and 281, (19079)

p- 508. ( only.)

My inability to place this species in its true position 1s

just retribution for the unpardonable offence of describing

a new species without possession of an undoubted male.

The original description includes two distinct species ;

the true D. viator is a dull black female from Madagascar,

nearly hairless, with a long and narrow pronotum.

The male attributed to it is from Fernando Po, but the

apex of the abdomen, with the essential characters, is

missing !

The pronotum is short and rather broad, obtusely

44 Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

rounded anteriorly, sides straight and converging, as the

disc is narrowed towards the truncate posterior margin.

Perhaps it is the male of D. coriacea, Kirby, or D. feae,

Bor.

Type in Paris Museum.

31. Diplatys feae, Borelli

Diplatys feae, Bor., (1907°) p. 347.

Unfortunately described from a single female from

Fernando Po, according to Borelli; in colour it resembles

D. nigriceps, Kirby, and differs in the form of the head and

thickness of the femora. The former is purely a sexual

character.

Type in Genoa Museum.

32. Diplatys coriacea, Kirby

Forficula coriacea, Kirby, (1891) p. 525.

es - Borm., (1900?) p. 127.

Diplatys » Borelli, (1907°) p. 346.

This is another solitary female, in poor condition, from

Sierra Leone. Borelli redescribed a female from Portuguese

Guinea, which he attributes to it. The purple tinge, pale

shouldered elytra, pale abdomen, darkening apically,

suggest that it may be the female of D. conrradti, with

which it agrees better than any other known West African

form.

33. Diplatys occidentalis; Burr

Diplatys occidentalis, Burr, (1904?) p. 280.

This is a small red species, the only one known from

the West Indies. The type has unfortunately been

damaged.

Type in B.M.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Bravvois, Patisor Dr. (1805.) Insectes récueillis en Afrique et

en Amérique. (Paris, 1805.)

Borevii, Dr. ALFREDO. (1907°.) Ortotteri raccolti da Leonardo

Fea nell’ Africa occidentale. Dermatteri. (Ann. Mus. Civ.

Gen. (3) iii, p. 345-390, 1907.)

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 45

Bormans, A. DE. (1888.) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania

e regioni vicine, vil. Dermaptéres. (Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen.

(2) vi, p. 431, 1888.)

— (1893.) Dermaptera. (In Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoo-

logia, Orthoptera, 1, pp. 1-12, pls. 1 and 2, 1893.)

—— (1894.) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine,

]xi. Dermaptéres (2me partie). (Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2)

xiv, p. 371, 1895.)

—— (1900!.) Quelques Dermaptéres du Musée civique de Génes,

(Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) xx, pp. 441-467, 1900.)

—— (19007.) Forficulidae in “Das Tierreich,” (11te Lieferung,

Orthoptera, pp. 1-142, 1900).

Burr, Dr. Matcotm. (1698!.) On the Species of Dyscritina, reared

by Mr. Green. (Tr. Ent. Soc. London, pp. 381-390, 1898).

—— (1900*.) Forficules exotiques du Musée royal d’histoire natu-

relle de Bruxelles. (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xliv, pp. 47-54,

1900.)

—— (1901.) The Earwigs of Ceylon. (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.

Soc. 1901, pp. 59-78 and 316-336, pls. A and B.)

— (1902.) On the Forficularia of the Hungarian National

Museum of Budapest. (Termesz. Fiiz. xxv, pp. 477, pl. xx,

1902.)

—— (1904%.) Observations on the Dermatoptera, including re-

visions of several genera and descriptions of New Genera and

Species. (Tr. Ent. Soc. London, p. 277, 1904.)

—— (19054.) Earwigs of the Indian Museum, with descriptions of

New Species. (Journ. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, (N.S.) ii,

No. 9, pp. 381-390, 1905.)

— (19061) Dermapteros de la Guinea Espanola. (Mem. Soc.

Espan. H.N. Mem. 17, pp. 293-295, 1906.)

—— (1906%.) A Further Note on Earwigs (Dermaptera) in the

Indian Museum, with a description of New Species. (Journ.

Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, (N.S.) vol. ii, No. 9, pp. 381-390,

1906.)

—— (1907°.) Catalogue des Forficulides des Collections du Muséum

National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris. (Premiére Partie.)

(Extrait du Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 1907, No. 7, pp.

508-512.)

—— (19071°.) Ueber Dermapteren aus Deutsch-Ostafrika, (Berl.

Ent. Zeit. Bd. lil. pp. 201-207, 1907.)

—— (19097.) Notes on the Forficularia xvi. On Dermaptera in

the Greifswald Museum, with Synonymic Notes on some of

Gerstaecker’s Types, (Ann. Mag. N.H. (8) iii, p. 2538-257

1909.)

46 Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys.

Burr, Dr. Maucoim. (19097.) Criticism «of Matsumura and

Shiraki (1905), and of Shiraki (1905, 1905-6, 1907). (Rev.

russe d’Ent., 1909, pp. 335-340, in Russian.) (Translation in

English in Ent. Record 1910, p. 134.)

—— (19101) Dermaptera (Earwigs) in “The Fauna of British

India, including Ceylon and Burma.” (Pp. i-xviiiand 1-127,

pls. i-x. London, 1910.)

—— (1910'.) The Dermaptera (Earwigs) of the United States

National Museum. No. 1760. (From the Proc. of the

U.S.N.M., vol. xxxviii, pp. 443-567. Washington, August

1910).

Dourn, Dr. H. (1863.) Versuch einer Monographie der Dermap-

teren. (Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 35, 1863.)

Duprony, A. DE. (1879.) Enumeration des Orthoptéres des

régions Indienne et Austro-Malaise, rapportées par MM.

Doria, O. Beccari, et L. M. d’Albertis. (Ann. Mus. Civ.

Gen. xiv, pp. 348-383, 1879.)

GREEN, E. Ernest. (1896.) Notes on Dyscritina longisetosa,

Westw. (Tr. Ent. Soc. London, p. 229, 1896.)

—— (1898). Further Notes on Dyscritina longisetosa, Westw.

(Tr. Ent. Soc. London, p. 381, pls. xviii and xix, 1898.)

Kirpy, W. F. (1891.) <A Revision of the Forficulidae, with

descriptions of New Species in the British Museum. (Linn.

Soc. Journ., Zool, xxiii, pp. 502-531, pl. xii, 1891.)

—— (1896.) Descriptions of New Species of Forficulidae in the

Collection of the British Museum (N.H.). (Linn. Soe. Journ.,

Zool. xxv, pp. 520-529, pl. xx, 1896.)

—— (1904.) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. (Vol. i,

1904, London.)

ScuppEr, 8. H. (18764) Critical and Historical Notes on the

Forficulariae. (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii, pp. 287-

332, 1876.)

SERVILLE, AUDINET DE. (1831.) Revue Méthodique des Insectes

de ordre des Orthoptéres. (Ann. Sci. Nat. xxii, pp. 28, 134

and 262, 1902.)

——. (1839.) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Orthoptéres. Suite

i Buffon. Paris, 1839.

SuHrRAkI, T. (1907.) Neue Blattiden und Forficuliden Japans.

(Tr. Sapporo N.H. Soe., vol. ii, pp. 103-111, 1907.)

Srau, C. (1855.) Nya orthoptera. (Ofv. Vet. Ak. Foérh. xii, p. 348,

1855.)

Be Wlson, del.

t yw

ffir Allis

At nn

DETAILS

Wris. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911, Plate VII.

C. Hentschel.

OF DIPLATYIDAE.

lla.

12a.

13.

13a.

14.

14a.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

Diplatys gladiator, Burr, g¢. Type. Calcutta

id.

apex of abdomen from beneath

D. macrocephalus, Beauv., ¢. Congo. Head

DD:

D °

Dd.

id.

apex of abdomen from above

a ‘ beneath

falcatus, Burr, 6. Type. India. Apex of

abdomen from beneath

lefroyi, Burr, 6. Type. India. Apex of

abdomen from beneath

. angustatus, Burr, g. Type. India. Apex of

abdomen from beneath

thoracicus, Dohrn, ¢. Brazil. Head and

pronotum

gracilis, Stal, ¢. Brazil. Apex of abdomen

from beneath

gracilis, antenna

jansoni, Kirby, ¢. C. America. Head and

pronotum

severus, Borm., ¢. C. America. Head and

pronotum

severus, apex of abdomen from beneath

nigriceps,

Kirby, ¢. Type. Hong Kong.

Penultimate ventral segment

conradti, Burr, ¢. Type. C. Africa. Head

and pronotum

pronotum

. siva, Burr,

pronotum.

id.

. conradti, apex of abdomen from beneath

. bormansi, Burr, ¢. Type. Burma. Head and

. bormansi, apex of abdomen from beneath

6. Type. N. India. Head and

. siva, apex of abdomen from beneath

. gerstaeckeri, Dohrn, ¢. Ceylon. Head

apex of abdomen from beneath

PS DSK ote eS Pet

x xX X X

wale poe) Wee) ten iiten

ae re

A ;

v I Oly oy mig

hh ad ' pr

Trams. Ent. Soc. Lond., ror1, Plate VIII.

t \

| |

! \

WA tn

E. Wilson, del. C. Hentschel.

DETAILS OF DIPLATYIDAE.

22.

bs bb bbs b b

BD;

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

. ernesti, Burr, ¢. Type. Ceylon. Head

id. apex of abdomen from beneath

notum

pronotum

. bicolor, Dubr., ¢. Abyssinia. Head and pro-

. bicolor, apex of abdomen from beneath

. grifithsi, Burr, g. Type.

Borneo. Head and

qriffithsi, apex of abdomen from beneath

and pronotum

. vosseleri, Burr, ¢. Type.

E. Africa. Head

. vosseleri, apex of abdomen from beneath

. greeni, Burr, ¢. Type. Ceylon. Head

id. apex of abdomen from above

id,

”

. rufescens, Kirby, ¢. Siam

”

beneath

Head

id. apex of abdomen from beneath

(from a damaged specimen)

fletcheri, Burr, ¢. Type.

abdomen from beneath

fella, Burr, ¢. ‘Type.

Ceylon, Apex of

Egypt. Apex of

abdomen from above

22a. D. fella, apex of abdomen from beneath

23. D. jacobsoni, Burr, ¢. Type. Java. Head

23a. id. apex of abdomen from above

23b. id. i ‘3 beneath

24. D. aunandalei, Burr, g. Type. Siam. Head

24u. id. apex of abdomen from above

24b. id. 3 3s beneath

25. D. liberatus, Burr, ¢. Burma.

26.

from above

D. raffrayi, Borm., ¢. Type.

of abdomen from above

Apex of abdomen

Abyssinia. Apex

26a. D. raffrayi, apex of abdomen from beneath

PRPS OE GPE PLS PS x Se SOK

10.

inet

Dr. Malcolm Burr’s Revision of the Genus Diplatys. 47

Note.—The above paper was completed before I received Dr.

Friedrich Zacher’s Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pygidicraniden und

Diplatyiden (Ent. Rundschau, 1910, p. 105), in which the author

divides Diplatys into the following Subgenera : Diplatys, sensw stricto,

Verhoeffiella, (type, D. aethiops, Burr), Paradiplatys (type, D.

conradti, Burr), and Nannopygia, Dohrn, restored, with a new species.

N. picta, from East Africa.

These are based exclusively upon the structure of the male

genitalia, but Zacher’s system does not conflict with mine.

The question of the use of the genitalia for systematic characters

in the Dermaptera is too new and too profound to be discussed

without great care and consideration.

Dr. Zacher’s brief paper above mentioned is a preliminary bulletin

of his large and very important work just published under the title

“Studien ueber das System der Protodermapteren,” in the Zool

Jahrb., 1911, pp. 303-400.

EXPLANATION OF PuaTeEs VII, VIII.

[See Hxplanation facing the PLATEs. ]

( 48 )

IV. Descriptions of some hitherto unknown, or little known,

Larvae and Pupae of South African Rhopalocera,

with notes on their Life-histories. By MARGARET

E. Fountatne, F.ES.

[Read October 5th, 1910.]

Prares TX; Xx.

BEFORE commencing these notes, I should like to mention

that I am largely indebted to the kindness of local

entomologists and others for the information obtained,

and I would specially like to express my thanks to Mr.

A. D. Millar and Mr. G. F. Leigh, F.E.S., both of Durban,

Natal, whose kind help throughout my stay in South

Africa so greatly added to the success of my two years’

stay in that most delightful country. I should also wish

to mention Mr. J. Medley-Wood and Miss Franks of the

Botanic Gardens, Durban, to whose kindness I am chiefly

indebted for the identification of the various food-plants,

and for supplying me with their scientific names; all

except those from Portuguese East Africa, which I

obtained through the kind help of the Board of Agriculture

at Pretoria. These notes on the larvae and pupae do

not include any of the commoner species which are already

well known.

1. Papilio ophidicephalus, Oberth.

(Plate IX, figs. la, 1b, 1c.)

The ova of this (the largest butterfly in South Africa)

are to be found, with careful searching, laid singly, usually

on the upperside of the leaves of young saplings of

Clausena inaequalis; they are very large. The young

larva is black, with white at the posterior extremity, and

after the first moult shows signs of a white central band,

which increases in size and importance with each change

of skin, while the black becomes duller and browner.

The forepart of this caterpillar is exceedingly broad in

proportion to the rest. There are two round projections

or “knobs” on the centre of its back, situated on the

TRANS. ENT, SOC, LOND. 1911.—PART I, (MAY)

Miss M. E. Fountaine’s Descriptions of Rhopalocera. 49

brownish-black segment next below the central white

band, and these are an unerring guide for its identification

in distinguishing this larva from that of the common

P. demoleus. In the fifth, the last skin, it presents an

entirely different aspect, and though to a casual observer

it still bears a superficial resemblance to P. demoleus, it

is easily distinguished from that species, also by the green

which now takes a prominent part in its colouring, being

much bluer in tone; and the immense breadth of the

segments immediately behind the head, besides the two

round “knobs,” which are now more produced than ever,

on the dark russet-brown band, interrupting the green on

the sixth segment, this same russet-brown, which now

occupies the entire underside of the larva, being much

varied with lighter and darker touches and_ shadings.

There are two small detached markings of the green

occurring in it on the same segment which contains the

knobs. The pupa bears the most remarkable resemblance

to a piece of rotten wood of any I have ever seen. The

larva, which was hitherto unknown to science, was first

bred from ova found by Bersa and myself on the saplings

of Clausena inaequalis, at Eshowe, Zululand, in the early

autumn of 1908. The life-history is as follows :—On

March 10 one young larva of P. ophidicephalus hatched

out from ovum found outside. And on March 19 I

returned to Durban, taking with me the young larva, and

two ova which hatched out the next day; and the food-

plant occurring commonly round Durban I had no difficulty

in breeding them. On April 17 the larva which had

hatched out on March 10 hung up for pupation. And the

last I had hung up on April 25, having hatched out just

five weeks and one day previously. They produced

imagines the following August and September.

2. P. echerioides, Trim.

(Plate IX, figs. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d.)

This butterfly being also unknown in its early stages,

when I went up-country in Natal, during the summer of

1909, one of my chief objects was to try and breed it.

The butterfly flew, though very sparingly, in Kimber’s

Bush, at Dargle. And having one day succeeded in

capturing a, I thought I would try and get her to lay,

giving hera piece of Vepris lanceolata, the bush food-plant

TRANS, ENT, SOC, LOND. 1911.—PART I. (MAY) E

50 Miss M. E. Fountaine’s Deseriptions of

of several of the other Papilios; but as she died without

laying a single egg, when I captured another ? of this

species at Donnybrook (4500 feet), on February 24, I

thought I would try again to obtain ova, and this time I

gave the 2 Clausena inaequalis to lay upon, with the result

that on February 28 she laid eleven ova,on March 1 three,

three more the next day, and one more on March 6. On

March 7 one of the first-laid ova hatched out, the young

larva at first was to me indistinguishable from a young

P. cenea larva—black, with white frills at the head and

“tail.” It was not without some anxiety that I waited to

see if it would eat the Clawsena, which, to my great joy,

it at last decided to do. The others all hatched out later,

most of them on March 12, when I had moved down to

Jolivet. After a few days the white “frill” behind the

head of these larvae turns yellow-ochre, the tail-end

remaining white. They fed readily on the Clausena

inaequalis, and I have no doubt I should have bred nearly

all of them, had not their numbers visibly diminished

owing to their cannibalistic tendencies, which, unluckily,

I did not discover till seven or eight of my small number

had mysteriously disappeared, after which I kept them as

nearly separate as possible. The larva, as it grew older,

entirely lost its resemblance to P. cenea, and might much

more easily have been mistaken for P. demolews. Descrip-

tion in fourth skin is as follows :—Fuirst segments behind

head ochre-brown, rather light, and very gradually shaded

into white, after which a broad, dark-brown band occupies

the better part of two or three segments, streaked and

speckled with white. The two last segments are pure

white. The full-grown larva of P. echerioides is a really

beautiful object, of a deep, vivid apple-green ; the sides

and underneath part varying in colour from a rich ochre

to a deep, “sunset-flushed” russet-brown. The pupa is

green or brown, and in shape is most extraordinary, like

a shrivelled-up autumn leaf. These larvae grew very

rapidly, especially after I moved down to Umzinto, a very

hot place in the coast-belt ; and they all pupated early in

April. I naturally expected, at this season, that they

would now remain in pupa till the following spring; but

whether influenced by the intense heat of Umzinto, or

would naturally be producing an autumn brood in the

high, upland forests, where echericides makes its home, I

am unable to say; anyhow, on April 20, a fine f emerged,

Larvae and Pupae of South African Rhopalocera. 51

and before I left Umzinto, at the end of the month, every

one I had was a butterfly, nine in number, and all perfect,

except for a slight malformation in the wing of one ¢.

3. Charaxes guderiana, Dew

(Plate IX, figs. 3a, 30, 3c.)

The remarkable dissimilarity of the sexes is the most

striking feature in this species; as the 2 could apparently

be classed as a small species belonging to the saturnus

group, whereas the @ is like a glorified ethalion. I was

unacquainted with the ?, though I had taken one or two

specimens of the ¢ at Umtali (Rhodesia), in August 1908,

when one hot sunny morning, in September, up the

“Water Valley,” near Macequece (a Portuguese village

“over the frontier,” where I was staying), Bersa and I

simultaneously caught sight of a tawny-brown Charazes

flying rapidly from one plant to another on the hill-side,

evidently with a view to finding the proper food-plant,

whereon to oviposite; so we stood quite still and watched

her, and it was not long before, having selected the sapling

of a kind of Acacia (Brachystegia appendiculata), she

paused, and apparently laid an egg, then flew right away

out of sight. But there was her egg, right enough, a

bright green, unmistakable Charaxes ovum; and we were

soon searching all the similar plants growing on that hill-

side. Neither was it long before Bersa exclaimed, “ Here

isalarva!” And there, sure enough, wasa full-fed Charaxes

larva—quite unlike any we had ever seen before. The

distinctive markings were crimson-pink on the irrorated

green surface, consisting of two central pink dots on the

fourth segment from the head, in addition to which a

continuous line of pink splashes, one on each segment,

ornamented this beautiful caterpillar on either side. We

soon found some more of all sizes, though they scarcely

seemed abundant on that hot spring morning (September 8,

1908). This is the life-history of the green egg, which is

now a f guderiana in my collection:—Hatched out on

September 13, exactly like any other young Charazes

larva to look at, of adull ochreous colour, with dark-brown,

almost black head and tail. First moult satisfactorily

effected on the morning of September 18. For the second

time, again in the early morning, on September 22, head

still dark brown in colour; but, while in this skin,

EK 2

52 Miss M. E. Fountaine’s Descriptions of

gradually changed to green, heavily outlined with dark

crimson. The third moult took place on September 27,

and for the fourth and Jast time on October 3, the larva

now being twenty days old. It fed for ten days in the

final skin, hanging up for pupation on the evening of

October 13, exactly one month from the day it had

hatched out. The butterfly, which proved to be a @,

emerged at Beira, on October 24. In the meantime, from

the larvae we had found, I had bred a fair number of both

sexes. The pupa is the usual shape of a Charazes pupa,

green, with white lines indicating the wing-cases, if

allowed to pupate on the food-plant ; but if removed when

still a larva to the pupa cage, which was almost in the

dark, the pupa assumed a pale, dull drab colour. A

rather curious instance of the attachment of individual

caterpillars to each other was observed by me when I was

breeding these guderiana. Two larvae about the same size

had formed one of these strong attachments to each other,

insisting invariably in sharing the same nest, no matter

how far apart I might place them on the fresh food-plant.

And when one pupated and was duly removed to the

chrysalis cage, his friend became very restless, and soon

showed such unmistakable evidences of following his

example, that I removed him also to the chrysalis cage,

round which he wandered vaguely for some time, finally

ending in hanging up as close as possible to the pupa of

his former friend. The two butterflies resulting were

both ¢f. Much could be written by close observers

concerning the wonderful instinct and foresight of cater-

pillars, especially those belonging to this noble genus

Charaxes. How the larvae of C. candiope, when feeding in

the winter on their food-plant (Croton sylvaticwm), in order

to prevent their pupae falling when the plant sheds its

leaves, will first take infinite pains to attach the stalk of

that particular leaf which it intends to hang upon, to the

branch it is on, by a silk web as firm as the one by which

its pupa will be attached to that stalk further up. Also

I once observed a full-grown larva of C. ethalion which

feeds on Albizzia fastigiata (the Flat-crown Acacia), walk-

ing slowly along a bare stalk, scanning as it went on

either side to find a leaf; but all the leaves on that stalk

had already been eaten, so he travelled quite to the end

without being able to appease his hunger ; then he turned

back and quickly retraced his steps, with every evidence

Larvae and Pupae of South African Rhopalocera. 538

of annoyance and disgust, till once on the main stalk, he

deliberately turned round and began to gnaw through the

one he had just left, till it dropped off and fell to the

bottom of the cage ; evidently he did not intend to run any

risk of ever going on that fool’s errand again! I believe this

was by no means a unique incident in the life of a cater-

pillar, for I think it is commonly done by them, and

accounts for the old stalks we so often find lying at the

bottom of breeding cages.

4. Charaxes xiphares, Cram,

(Plate IX, fig. 4.)

This butterfly occurs in some abundance in certain

localities up-country in Natal. At Dargle in a peach

orchard belonging to Mr. and Mrs. Kimber, to which

they most kindly gave me free access, I found the ? ? of this

butterfly in dozens, feasting on the peaches, but the ff,

strangely enough, were exceedingly rare ; this I afterwards

understood being the experience of all entomologists who

have ever taken this huge Charaaes. As it had never

been bred and its food-plant was quite unknown, I did

not for some time succeed in obtaining ova, though I had no

less than seven captive ? feasting every day on my sugar

and water and laying nothing! I gave them a selection

of all the bush plants I could think of, as at all likely to

be the food-plant of a Charaxes. But I had not amongst

them hit on the right one, and this at last I discovered in

the usual way by watching a wild ? apparently laying on

a shrub growing in the high bush, on the top of a mountain

(5200 feet). It was a big shrub with sweet, “myrtle”

scented leaves; and though I could not find her ovum

there seemed but little doubt that it was correct, as my

captive 2° who had just began to lay now, but very

sparingly, and nearly always on the net of their cage, at

once began to cover this “myrtle” plant with large pale

straw-coloured ova. And the matter was quite decided

by our finding a few Charazes ova on it, outside on the

mountain a day or two later. So when the united efforts

of my captive 2? had resulted in 99 eggs, I let them all

go,and only hoped I should find our “ myrtle” plant easily

at Donnybrook, which place I now went on to, only to

encounter the most hopeless weather with deluges of rain

Two «iphares larvae from ova found outside hatched out

54 Miss M. E. Fountaine’s Descriptions of

the day I left Maritzburg. But I soon found that every-

thing in the life-history of this beautiful up-country

Charaxes was of much slower development than of those

inhabiting only the coast districts; in which invariably

the period between Jaying and hatching, and also between

each moult is five days, or even occasionally (especially

with C. candiope) not more than four, whereas with

wiphares these intervals were much longer, as to begin

with the ova did not hatch out under 10 or 12 days. Most

of those I had, hatched on February 28 (16), and March 1

(12), after which the remaining ova, though many of them

had changed colour and therefore were evidently fertile,

showed no further signs of coming out at all; indeed I

have a theory that in their natural state, they hibernate

as ova, or as very young larvae; but I have only just

begun upon what still remains to be discovered about the

early stages of this butterfly, for as I soon left for Jolivet, a

much warmer place, my larvae continued to feed up well,

though very slowly, and the first moult did not occur till

some of them were 12 and some even 14 days old: the

next moult, however, was rather shorter, mostly from 8 to

10 days in duration, but it varied considerably in different

individuals, as was the case of these larvae throughout their

existence. For instance, the first to enter into the final

skin was on April 4, and this was one of the last to have

hatched out, and the next day, April 5, the last of them

(with one exception which was far behind the rest)

changed his skin for the third time only, this one being

one day older than the one who had just entered his final

moult the day before, and the same age as several more

who made that change the same day. I was now in the

intense heat of Umzinto, and the wiphares did not seem

any the better for it; they were still feeding up extremely

slowly, and several died for no apparent reason, in fact

they seemed to be “feeling the heat,” and nothing would

induce them to pupate, which as I now had many young

larvae of C. candiope, C. cithaeron, C. brutus, and C. ethalion

to attend to, I was especially anxious for them to do,

though I had found their food-plant (Cryptocarya woodia,

acuminata), Kafr name ‘ Umquotungwa,” everywhere

down on the coast, growing more abundantly than up-

country. These larvae were certainly very like their close

ally C. cithaeron, the dorsal marks being practically the

same, but the green was quite different, being much

Larvae and Pupae of South African Rhopalocera. 55

brighter with more yellow in it, and none of the whitish

touches introduced as in cithaeron larvae. I now began

to see that, after all the trouble we had had, my success

with these xiphares was going to be anything but un-

precedented; they did not like what to them was the

unnatural heat of the coast, and though they still continued

to feed, no attempt at pupation took place till May 4, the

day after my return to Durban. The pupa was much

smaller than I knew well in order to produce a full-sized

butterfly of this large species it had any business to be.

The remaining larvae got on still worse in Durban, and as

the winter advanced almost gave up feeding altogether ;

Mr. Leigh declared they were trying to hibernate, and

indeed I think he was right; however, all either died, or

pupated at last, and I hoped as they were such small

pupae that they would produce ff, as I had only succeeded

in getting one good specimen of that sex, owing to its

extraordinary scarcity ; but in this I was disappointed, I

bred nothing but rather undersized 2 ? (the last to emerge

was before the end of June), and it has occurred to me

that for some reason or other this species may possibly

eventually be proved to be partially parthenogenetic, but

this, on my part, is only a suggestion, and in order to be

proved will have to be followed up and worked out by

some one else.

5. Salamis anacardi, Linn.

(Plate IX, figs. 5a, 50.)

I believe the full-grown larva of this butterfly was not

previously known to entomologists, at least not when I

was at Durban in February 1908, for though there was no

doubt that its food-plant is Lsoglossa woodii, ova having

frequently been obtained, the young larvae had always

invariably declined to eat, so that up to now all attempts to

rear them had proved unsuccessful. However, on February

3, 1908, I found a full-grown larva in Stella Bush, near

Durban, which I describe as follows :—Head shiny, burnt-

sienna in colour, the ground-colour velvety russet-brown,

with three yellow stripes close together on each segment,

two long stiff brown “antler” projections in front, with

rough pectinated spikes all over the body of the larva,

though the two in front were considerably longer than

the rest. It pupated two days after I had it, the pupa

sal

56 Miss M. E. Fountaine’s Descriptions of

being suspended from a stalk of the food-plant, and was

of a rich soft burnt-sienna, varying in tone according to

pattern, and was in shape not unlike the pupa of a Precis,

The imago (a ¢) emerged on February 17, after having

remained about 12 days in pupa.

6. Precis octavia, Cram; 7. P. archesia, Cram. ;

and 8. P. cloantha, Cram.

(Plate IX, figs. 6a, 6b; Ta, 7b; Plate X, figs. 8a, 8d.)

I bred all these Precis during my stay up-country in

Natal, in the summer of 1909. From ova laid by a

captive 2 of P. octavia, at Dargle, I obtained about 70

pupae, and of these, the six first to emerge (about the

middle of March) belonged to the octavia or wet-season

form, while all the rest were sesamus, or dry-season form.

The food-plant is Plectranthus ecalcinus, the larva is dark-

brown, more or less encircled with yellow stripes, it is

spiky, with two Jong projections in front. Of P. archesia

I bred a short series from larvae found at Jolivet, feeding

on another kind of Plectranthus, apparently from ova laid

by P. v. pelasgis, Godt., 2 9, as several were still busy ovi-

positing over the same plants, from which I took the

larvae, and P. archesia (type) was not in evidence at all;

however, in April and early May, all I bred were of this

last-mentioned dry-season form, with one beautiful 2 in-

termediate between the two. ‘The larvae were black,

finely irrorated with white, and had the usual spikes and

frontal projections, the pupa had no gilt ornamentations

as in P. octavia. I also obtained ova of P. cloantha, from

a? I caught at Dargle, having by observing the wild 29

ovipositing discovered the food-plant to be a small weed

which grew in amongst the grass all over the veldt

(Justicia pulegioides). I had but poor success with these

larvae, in fact only bred six or seven out of some dozens, as

so many died off at Donnybrook, why I do not know, unless

it was from the intense cold which occurred there during

my visit. The full-grown larva of this species 1s very

handsome, head pale, bright, burnt-sienna; the underside

and forelegs are dark-brown; it is striped throughout

alternately with broad rich dark-brown and deep yellow-

ochre; frontal projections much shorter than in the other

Precis, not stiff or pectinated, but instead knobbed at the

tip. The pupa is quite unlike any other Precis pupa I have

Larvae and Pupae of South African Rhopalocera. 57

seen, pale, yellowish-green, thinly streaked and slightly

spotted with dark reddish-brown; also in shape with

fewer and less acute angles.

9. Pseudacraca tarquinia, Trim.; 10. P. imitator, Trim. ;

and 11. P. trimenii, Butl.

(Plate X, figs. 9a, 9b; 10a, 100, 10c; 11a, 110.)

The discovery of the interesting larvae of all these

three species of Pseuwdacraca, I can in no way lay claim to,

as it is entirely due to the keen observation, perseverance

and ability of Mr. G. F. Leigh, F.E.S., who has, however,

kindly given me permission to describe them. P. tarquinia

was the first to be discovered by Mr. Leigh, at Pinetown

Bridge, Natal, feeding on Mimusops obovata, and after-

wards in Stella Bush, near Durban, on two kinds of

Chrysophyllum. 'The larva full grown is a remarkably

striking object: head pale-pink, streaked with crimson,

“neck” pale-grey, above the six legs, behind which spring

out two long curved projections, the tips of which reach

to and extend beyond the head, crimson-pink in colour,

and pectinated ; the back of this larva is deep vivid green,

of a “wrinkled” appearance, with a bright pink broken-up

streak along the sides, where the green stops to give place

to a pale pearly-grey; a short distance from the tail end,

are two stiff, very pale-yellow projections, not so long as

those behind the head. The young larvae in this species

do not differ greatly from the full-grown ones, save that

the frontal “antlers” are much longer in proportion to its

tiny size, and the green is somewhat paler. They feed

when young at the extreme tips of the leaf, gradually

eating it away, but taking care to leave the mid-rib, till

it becomes an inch or more in length, and the larva when

not feeding rests at the extreme end of it, but when they

get older this habit is more or less abandoned. The egg,

which is pale straw-colour, is also laid at the extreme tip

or edge of a leaf. Mr. Leigh also discovered P. imitator,

and most kindly instructed me how to look for and obtain

it in Stella Bush; Chrysophyllum natalense was the plant

we usually found it on. Its habits are similar to those of

P. tarquinia, but the young larvae differ greatly from the

full-grown ones in the last skin. The egg is pink, and

turns black before hatching. The head and “neck” of

the larva in early moults are dull, pale greenish-grey

58 Miss iF Pownteine’s Descriptions of

projections short and dull white, tapering to a blackish

point, broad mid-dorsal stripe green, of a much bluer tone

than the green of P. tarquinia; this is outlined with dull

white, and the underside is dull whitish, with brown-

madder streaks and shadings; about the centre of the

caterpillar is a remarkable and most curious arrangement,

a kind of three-cornered piece of skin, which is whiter and

seems also to stand out from the rest of the surface, look-

ing as if it would lift up. This also remains in the full-

grown larva, the prevailing colour of which is a soft dull

russet-brown, beautifully marked with a rich, dark-brown

design, with just a suspicion of olive-green introduced.

At this stage of its development, the larva leaves the tip

of the mid-rib, and generally reposes at the stalk end of

the leaf instead, often sitting in a most extraordinary

twisted position, with head and tail end erect, looking

exactly like a short brown twisted twig. The larva of

P. trimenii I never had the good fortune to find myself,

though I have been out with Mr. Leigh when he has done

so, and on one occasion Bersa and I held down for him

the lower bough of a Chrysophyllum natalense tree, which

proved to have a full-grown ¢rimenii at the end of it,

about which, however, a bargain was struck there and

then, so that that specimen is now a fine darkly-coloured

? in my collection. I never saw this caterpillar except

in its last skin, but the following is an excellent descrip-

tion, since sent to me by Mr. Leigh, with permission to

publish it :—“ It is nearly black in colour when just hatched

out, and immediately covers itself with its own frass; in

the second skin it is grey, and looks more like a lot of

large, grey frass all joined together, but the head is large,

also grey. It gets away from its food in a more extra-

ordinary manner even than P. imitator, on a web of its

own, about the thickness of cotton, which is also grey in

colour ; I measured one and found it seven and a half inches

in length, and the larva at rest in the grey skin at the

extreme end. It does not look like a [butterfly] cater-

pillar at all, as it sits all of a heap, with its two hind-

segments up in the air, like the larva of our Wotodontidae.

The third skin is brown, and the white markings at side

appear, also the four projections behind the head.” The

full-grown larva is a most extraordinary-looking creature,

as it sits at rest in the same queer twisted position

assumed by P. emitator, looking exactly like an old rough

Larvae and Pupae of South African Rhopalocera, 59

piece of twig from the tree it feeds on, with thick “‘ mossy ”

projections on every segment, the four next behind the

head longer than the rest, and curved forward. It is rich

olive-brown in colour, beautifully shaded, and it has one

or two crimson dorsal spots; the three-cornered side piece

is greyish-white, looking exactly like a small piece of

lichen on the rough surface of the “twig”; the head is

slate-grey. The pupae of these Psewdacraeae, which are

suspended generally quite at the tip of extreme edge of a

leat, are as follows :—P. tarquinia, long, thin, and _ boat-

shaped, tapering to a point, and it is green in colour, some

specimens being touched and outlined slightly with pink,

P. imitator is also green, rather deeper in colour, and the

shape is quite different, having two sharp, well-defined

projections from that part which encloses the abdomen of

the butterfly, while the pointed end is twisted and flat,

and not so pointed as in P. tarquinia. The pupa of

P. trimenii is much blunter and more substantial-looking

than the other two, it is of a deep rich green, the abdomen

portion frosted with white and very pale ochreous dashes ;

about the centre of outline of wing-cases, is a dark, brown-

madder rather elongated mark, surmounted and_ half

surrounded by a suffusion of pale pinkish-brown, the tip 1s

blunt, slightly turned up, and outlined with brown-madder.

12. Hurytela dryope, Cram., and 13. #. hiarbas, Dru.

(Plate X, figs. 12, 13.)

I bred a good many of both these little butterflies, from

ova laid by captive ¢¢. They are considered by Mr.

Leigh to belong in all probability to the same species,

and indeed I could never have separated their larvae if

once mixed together ; in all stages they were exactly alike,

and though in the last moult individually they vary

enormously, I have bred both forms of the butterfly

indiscriminately from every variety of the larva; against

this, however, I must state, that as far as my experience

goes, the ova ‘laid by ZL. hiarbas, always produced hzarbas,

whereas those of a dryope 2 invariably produced dryope.

The larvae of these butterflies in their early moults are

dull, ochreous-white, with brown blotches here and there;

when full-grown they are covered with short spines, and

the two long antler projections on the head become more

prominent; their colour now varies from bright green to

brown, slightly mottled and streaked with yellow-ochre,

60 Miss M. E. Fountaine’s Descriptions of

along the sides is a white stripe, sparsely speckled with

black, and broken into between each segment. Under-

neath it is green or dull brownish as the case may be.

14. Acraea nohara, Boisd.

(Plate X, figs. 14a, 140.)

This larva feeds like several others of this same genus

on Wormskioldia longepedunculata, a small, wayside

flower, salmon-pink in colour, which grew abundantly in

and about Macequece, a village in Portuguese East Africa.

The larva is most difficult to describe, longitudinally

streaked with pale and dark ochre-yellow, finely outlined

with thin black lines, the spines are also black; they feed

by preference on the flower itself of their food-plant, the

salmon-pink colour of which is almost identical in tone

with the salmon-pink colour of the freshly-emerged

butterflies. The pupa which is suspended, is very long

and thin in shape, wing-cases pale slaty-grey, veined with

black, and the abdomen cream-colour with rows of

ochreous-yellow dots, encircled in black.

15. A. caldarena, Hewits.

(Plate X, figs. 15a, 15d.)

The larva of this butterfly also feeds on the flowers and

leaves of W. longepedunculata; it is of a soft pink rose-

colour, shading into yellow at the extremities, underneath

it has a longitudinal white stripe between the legs,

extending from head to tail; the spines are black. The

pupa is not quite so elongated in shape as that of

A. nohara, the wing-cases are pale, dull drab veined and

outlined with black, the abdomen is deep cream-colour,

with the rows of orange spots so heavily outlined with

black as to be almost coalescent. I found this larva, but

not at all commonly, at Macequece.

16. A. anemosa, Hewits.

(Plate X, figs. 16a, 160.)

This very handsome, extremely active little larva

occurred very commonly at Macequece, on almost every

available piece of its food-plant, a creeper, identified at

the Board of Agriculture at Pretoria as (most probably)

Modecca abyssinica. I first discovered it, in the usual

way, by watching a ? laying eggs; these are laid in batches

mo”?

of various sizes, some with about ten eggs together, others

aoa

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

Fic. la. Papilio ophidicephalus, larva, young, p. 48.

1b. 3 . » adult, p. 49.

le. 5 pupa, p. 49.

2a. Papilio echerioides, larva, young, p. 50.

2b. ing 3 »» adult, p. 50.

2c. + ry pupa, p. 50.

2Qd. 55 3 7S Pa BOL

3a. Charaxes guderiana, larva, p. 51.

3b, z is pupa, p. 52.

3c. % . a Dee

4. Charaxes xiphares, larva, p. 54.

5a. Salamis anacardii, larva, p. 55.

5b. - , pupa, p. 56.

6a. Precis octavia, larva, p. 56.

6b. - “3 pupa, p. 56.

7a. Precis archesia, larva, p. 56.

7b. 3 Wp pupa, p. 56.

er Trans. Ent.,Soc. Lond.,1911, Pl. X

Fig. 8a.

8b.

9a.

9b.

10a.

10b.

10e.

lla.

11d.

12.

13.

14a.

14b.

15a.

156.

l6a.

16b.

lia.

17b.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.

Precis cloantha, larva, p. 56.

5 9 pupa, p. 56.

Pseudacraea tarquinia, larva, p. 57.

"> » pupa, p. 59.

Pseudacraea imitator, larva, young, p. 57.

19 ” 9? ” p- 58.

0 53 pupa, p. 59.

Pseudacraea trimenti, larva, p. 58.

3 of pupa, p. 59.

Eurytela dryope, larva, p. 59.

E. hiarbas, larva, p. 59.

Acraea nohara, larva, p. 60.

4 » pupa, p. 60.

Acraea caldarena, larva, p. 60.

ns 43 pupa, p. 60.

Acraea anemosa, larva, p. 61.

5 A pupa, p. 61.

Leptonewra dingana, larva, young, p. 61.

a s, » adult, p. 61.

Larvae and Pupae of South African Rhopalocera, 61

having as many as twenty-five or even more. The larva

is very easy to rear, and feeds up very rapidly, and it

remains only about eight days in pupa; but where the

difficulty come in, is that the supply of its food-plant

should meet the demand, as it is a dark-coloured very

inconspicuous little creeper, most difficult to find, and

when a piece is discovered it is generally already sustaining

two or three or more larvae of this same species. In

colour it is a bright, shiny red-russet, shaded into deep

yellow at the extremities, the spines are long, furry and

black. The pupa is dingy-white in ground-colour, the

wing-case the same, but heavily outlined and veined in

black, the rows of abdominal spots are deep orange, very

heavily surrounded with black.

17. Leptoneura dingana, Trim.

(Plate X, figs. 17a, 170.)

I was able to discover the larvae of this butterfly and

something of their habits owing to a 2 I caught at

Barberton in the Transvaal having laid three ova on

November 5, 1908. These hatched out in thirteen days,

on November 18, and dingana being a Satyride, I thought

they would probably be grass-feeders, and such they

proved to be. All three lived and were doing well, show-

ing no special preference for any particular kind of grass,

which was as well, as they continued feeding for six

months, in fact all through the summer, and _ travelled

with me wherever I went. Early in May they evidently

prepared to hibernate, as full-grown larvae, but owing I

suppose to the unnatural conditions of a bed of cotton

wool to sleep on, instead of the cool earth, they all died

before the winter was over, so that I, therefore, never saw

the pupa. The larva during its early moults is a pale,

creamy yellow, with longitudinal thin, fine black lines,

and some touches of deeper yellow, the head also is deep

yellow. In the last skin this caterpillar is brown, much

varied with deep, dark-brown, and black streaks, the head

now is reddish brown-madder, covered with short, very

fine hairs, tail slightly forked.

1, The Studios, Sherriff Road,

West Hampstead, N.W.,

June 1910.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES IX, X.

[See Hxplanation facing the PLATES. ]

( 62°")

V. Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. .The

Sphegidae. (Being Part V of the work commenced

by the late EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.R.S., in Trans.

Ent. Soc. 1901, p, 515.) Revised and completed by

the Rev. F. D. Morics, M.A., F.ES.

{Read November 2nd, 1910.]

In the first paper of the work above referred to (Hetero-

gyna and Fossores to the end of Pompilidae) Mr. Saunders

expressed his hope that I would follow it shortly with one

upon the Sphegidae. But on attempting to do so, I soon

discovered that I was undertaking a task to which I was

unequal, and so we agreed instead that he should go on

at once to the other parts of his subject (the Diploptera

and Anthophila) and publish his account of them without

waiting for the completion of my paper. Later still, to

my great relief, he consented to a further modification of

the plan: that I should continue the work gradually till

his other papers had appeared, after which he would

co-operate with me in finishing it. So the matter stood

when, in 1908, Saunders’s third paper (the Anthophila)

appeared in these Transactions; and we then definitely

settled arrangements for a division of labour, Saunders

undertaking certain Genera, and I others, with the idea of

speedily publishing a joint-paper which should form the

concluding part of the entire series.

Saunders’s illness and death made it impossible to carry

out the plan as it was intended ; but he was at work upon

his share of it up to the last. He had practically com-

pleted several “ Descriptions of new species,’ which were

found among his papers, and appeared in the Society’s

Transactions for 1910, Part IV. He had also drawn up

an annotated list of all Mr. Eaton’s insects (except a few

which at the time were in my hands for determination)

and had included in it certain of my own specimens,

which he had examined and taken note of before leaving

home. The annotations were mainly records of localities

and dates of capture copied from the labels pinned under

the specimens. Others were extracts from a MS. diary

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PARTI. (MAY)

Rev. F. D. Morice on Hymenoptera aculeata. 63

kept by Mr. Eaton during bis stay in Algeria from Jan.

1893 to Aug. 1897, giving much detailed information as

to the plants visited by particular insects, their appearance

and behaviour during life, ete., ete. Occasionally (but

very seldom) a remark of Mr. Saunders’s own was added ;

and these seemed generally not intended for publication,

but merely to identify a particular specimen about whose

treatment he had not made up his mind (e.g. “Sp. ? under

: age a ;

arenarum in my box”; “ Large insect (like emarginata) ” ;

“ Black wings!”; “Stylopised”; “Determined for me by

Kohl”; etc.). The list was evidently written quickly,

with many abbreviations, notes of interrogation, etc.,

sometimes in ink, sometimes in pencil or blue chalk, and

blank spaces left for subsequent insertions of names, dates,

authorships of species, and the like. In fact it has the

appearance of a “rough draft” intended to assist him in

preparing his final “copy,” and would scarcely be intelli-

gible to another person apart from the actual collections

to which it refers. But by working carefully through it

with those collections,* and also with Mr. Eaton’s original

diary—the latter having been placed in my hands along

with all Saunders’s entomological MSS. after his death—

I believe I have been able to incorporate its substance in

this paper, very nearly in the shape in which its author

intended to publish it.

This MS. list, then, compiled by Mr. Saunders, supple-

mented by additional records of my own captures, and re-

vised and emended as to certain details after comparing it

with the labels attached to the actual specimens referred to

and verifying its citations from Mr. Eaton’s diary, forms the

nucleus of the present paper. The parts of it for which

I am solely responsible—besides the above purely editorial

work—are these. (1) The introductory remarks, viz. every-

thing preceding the list itself. (2) All descriptions of new

or otherwise remarkable forms—Saunders’s own work of

this kind having appeared already in the 1910 volume of

these Transactions. (8) The arrangement in order of the

Genera represented, and the occasional addition of sub-

generic names in brackets. In all such matters I have

* The authorities of the Natural History Museum, who now

possess all the Hymenoptera of the Saunders Coll., most kindly

allowed the Sphegidae to remain in my charge till this paper should

be completed. Otherwise it would have been practically impossible

for me to write it.

64 Rev. F. D. Morice on

followed Herr Kohl’s work (“Sphegiden-Gattungen,” Wien,

1896). (4) Practically the entire treatment of certain

Genera, which had been left to me by our arrangement,

especially Ammophila, Cerceris, and the Genera included

in various works of Kohl and Handlirsch, e.g. Diodontus,

Nysson, Sphecius, Stizus, ete. (But I should add that I

have rarely arrived at a determination of any doubtful

form even in these Genera without at some time consulting

Saunders on the subject, so that many of the determina-

tions were really rather his than mine.)

My whole collection of Crabro (sensu latiore) has been

recently examined and determined for me by Herr Kohl;

and, as will be seen below, some also of the names here

given for specimens in Saunders’s collection rest on his

authority. The same great hymenopterist has at various

times given me or named for me examples of a great

many little-known Mediterranean Sphegidae; and having

these “quasi-types,” as they may be called, before me, I

have been enabled to arrive at determinations, which I

hope are correct, of several specimens left unnamed by

Saunders. Whenever I have ventured to question any of

my colleague’s identifications, it has nearly always been

on the authority of some specimen of my own determined

by Kohl, Handlirsch, or Schletterer.

I have thought it right to enter into the above details,

which might otherwise seem rather tedious, because I am

anxious not to claim for myself the credit for work which

is really that of my friend, and yet not to cast upon him

the responsibility for imperfections arising simply from

the fact that I, and not he, have put this work into its

final shape.

On a rough calculation it appears that very nearly 200

Sphegidae-spp. belonging to 33 genera are recorded below.

Of these, more than half occurred at Biskra only (!); and

that half comprises nearly all the finest and most striking

forms, and quite a surprising number of species and even

genera (Kohlia, Laphyragogus, etc.) which were either

altogether or almost unknown to science when we found

them. Several of these almost tropical insects occur

also in Egypt, on the border-line between the Delta

and the deserts east and west of Cairo, and, together

with the species most nearly related to them in the same

districts, appear to form a definite “Saharan” group; which

probably extends all along the northern fringe of Central

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 65

Africa, and differs considerably in general appearance

(colour, silvery pilosity, etc.) from the more European-

looking fauna of the coast. As a rule, in these “Saharan”

forms, the prevailing colours are pale lemon-yellow, creamy-

white, and red (or testaceous) with very little black,

blended harmoniously together, and with the contrasts

between them further softened and disguised by their

silvery clothing ; whereas of the “‘ Kuropean” forms, some

exhibit strong contrasts of black and red, others of black

and yellow, and many (generally small species) are simply

black. On the other hand, it is puzzling to find (along

with the gaily-coloured yet evidently “cryptic” Saharan

forms, and confined to the districts frequented by them)

a certain number of very large, quite black (or black with

silvery hair-patches), and altogether most conspicuous

insects, usually with the wings very dark also—belonging

to many different genera in which such a coloration is

quite abnormal or even unknown in Europe, though

apparently yet further south than the Sahara it is not

uncommon.

Of the genera which occur both in Europe and in North

Africa, some (as might be expected) are represented by

many more species in the former, others in the latter.

Thus the timber-frequenting Sphegidae, such as Try-

poxylon, Crabro (groups of Crossocerus, ete.), Passaloecus,

Pemphedron, etc., figure little in the list of Mr. Eaton’s cap-

tures, and scarcely at all in my own; though this, perhaps,

is partly because of a collector's natural tendency to be

attracted by striking and conspicuous insects and to

neglect such as look to him ordinary and uninteresting.

On the other hand, of certain sand-burrowing genera,

e.g. Ammophila, Stizus, and Cerceris, the Algerian species

are both exceedingly numerous and far more diversified

in appearance than would be expected by a Hymenopterist

familiar only with European forms. It might be supposed

that the same would be the case with Mellinus, but as a

matter of fact neither Mr. Eaton nor myself encountered

that genus in Algeria at all. Our captures of Gorytes

include several very beautiful or otherwise remarkable

forms, but hardly any of the numerous rather common

and deceptively similar species which figure so largely in

the European fauna.

Both Tachytes and Tuchysphex are represented in Algeria

by many remarkable species. Some of the finest are

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PARTI. (MAY) F

66 Rev. F. D. Morice on

known also from Egypt; others were described as new by

Saunders in last year’s Transactions (Part IV), but un-

happily he did not live to describe the finest of all. (See

below, Tachytes swperbiens, n. sp.)

Owing to the long time which has elapsed between the

forming and recording of these collections, several insects

which, when we found them, were “new to science,” have

since been discovered and described by others, e.g. Anei-

stromma europaca, Mercet, Cerceris hartliebi, Schulz, ete.

The same may have occurred in the case of some species

here treated as new, but I hope not often. The literature

on the subject is scattered, and my own acquaintance with

it far from profound. But Saunders kept careful note of

such descriptions as they appeared, and inserted them in

an interleaved MS. catalogue of Palaearctic Aculeates

(extracted from v. Dalla Torre’s work) which I now

possess ; and correspondence with Kohl, Mercet, Schmiede-

knecht and others has kept me generally pretty well

informed as to the gvorks that have been published of

recent years relating to the Sphegidae of Europe and N.

Africa. If I have inadvertently overlooked any previously

published description of any of these insects, I trust the

author will accept this apology.

It may be thought that I have been almost over-careful

to record all Mr. Eaton’s notes on “colour of eyes in life,”

“plants visited by particular species,” etc. Taken as a

whole, however, they embody a large number of facts,

which may possibly hereafter become of value in ways

which cannot now be foreseen, as bearing on problems

not yet raised by scientific workers. Mr. Saunders, I

know, was at first very hopeful on this head; though I

believe he latterly felt some doubt as to the utility of

enumerating, one by one, all the countless species resort-

ing to such universally attractive flowers as Ammz visnaga

at Biskra, etc. Still one never knows what dry bones of

fact may have life breathed into them by some future

Darwin; so I give these records as I find them.

It must of course always be remembered, that preda-

ceous insects like the Sphegidae may be attracted to a

particular plant for various reasons—e. g. in quest of other

insects frequenting it, as well as to suck the nectar of its

flowers. But collectors who are also botanists will cer-

tainly find it helpful on commencing work in a locality

which is fresh to them to have a preliminary idea of the

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 67

particular plants which are most likely to reward special

observation. And to take the particular case already

alluded to, there can be no doubt that the simplest way to

ensure a magnificent series of the handsomest Algerian

Hymenoptera—I do not say the best way of securing

really important scientific results—is to spend day after

day of long hours of sunshine among the almost mono-

tonous patches of Ammi visnaga which fill the Oued of

Biskra in the months of May, June, and probably July in

a favourable year. No skill is required in taking the

insects under such circumstances, and the only difficulty

is to make the work of determining and preparing the

specimens keep pace with the endless stream of fresh

captures.

A matter to which I should like to invite attention is

the great length of the period throughout which certain

species appear to be on the wing annually in Algeria,

examples of them having been taken in almost every

month of one year or another. Few, if any, Sphegidae

appear in our own country for more than a few months;

and most of them are rather summer or autumn than

spring insects. That a species should appear earlier in

Algeria seems natural enough, but one would rather expect

it to be also “over” earlier, which apparently is seldom

the case. It looks as though, in some cases, two or even

three generations of the same species must be produced

within a year; for several of the specimens taken at quite

late dates (August or September) are in as fresh a condi-

tion as or even fresher than earlier ones. At the same time

many species, and among them some of the most char-

acteristically Saharan forms, seem, from the dates here

recorded, to have a comparatively short season—generally

appearing first towards the end of May and becoming

plentiful a week or so later, but not occurring in the spring

or the late autumn. As these records extend over six

successive years, statistics founded upon them may have

some value; but they would of course be more reliable if

Mr. Eaton or myself had spent longer periods than we

did on any single hunting-ground, or had continued

indefinitely to secure further duplicates of species which

we had already taken “to satiety.” Probably hymeno-

pterists who are fortunate enough to reside in Mediter-

ranean countries could supply information on these matters

which would be interesting to those who can only visit

68 Rey. F. D. Morice on

them occasionally; but I have not succeeded in getting

much light on the subject from any published material to

which I have access at present.

AMMOPLANUS PERRISH, Gir.

1.9. Alger, 15. iv, 98) FF. D. M.

Taken flying about a wayside bank on the steep direct

ascent to Bouzarea. Though I frequently revisited the

spot no other specimen occurred.

STIGMUS SOLSKYI, Morawitz

19. Azazga. Roadside bank going towards the French

cemetery between 9 and 10 a.m., 7. 1x, 93. A. E. E.

DIODONTUS FRIESEI, Kohl

Specimens, all of which appear to me to belong to thiS

species, were taken by Mr. Eaton or myself in one locality

or another, in every month of the year except January,

February, and October! Generally they occurred burrow-

ing in sand or roadside banks; but Mr. Eaton records

several on plants and flowering trees, viz. at Constantine

on Ecballium elaterium; at Biskra visiting Huphorbia

Guyoniana, Suacda verniculata, Tamarix (near the

Barrage), and “a tree with blue flowers” in the Jardin by

Fort St. Germain. (Since they prey on Aphids, it would

not necessarily follow from their occurrence on a particular

plant that they were attracted by its flowers.)

6 2 g. Alger and neighbourhood, 4. and 6. iv, 93. A. E. E.

1 gf and 4 29. Alger and neighbourhood, 18. i—10.

iv, 98. ¥. DM; ;

11 $2 and 1 9. Biskra and neighbourhood inv, 93, i,

94, ili, 95, and iv, 97. A.E. E.

1 Zand 2 29. Bone, 28. xi, 98, 10. viii and 25. vii, 97.

A. E. E.

1 9. Constantine, 30. ix, 98. A. E. E.

1 2) Ponis, 21; xi) 938.. yA- Bao,

22 9. Philippeville, 20. and 21. vi, 98. F. D. M.

DIoDoNTUS PUNICUS (Gribodo), André (?)

The specimens have the characters ascribed to his

species by Gribodo, and two ? 2 quite agreeing with them

stand in Coll. Saunders as punicus received from Stau-

dinger. Gribodo, however, speaks only of the g as having

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidac. 69

yellow mandibles, while in these insects the 2 mandibles

are also more or less yellow (in some specimens very

distinctly, in others somewhat obscurely). Notwithstand-

ing, I feel sure they are Gribodo’s species.

The gf seem to me identical with that described by

Saunders in Ent. Mo. Mag., 1904, p. 202, under the name

gractlipes (vide his account of the intermediate metatarsi

and the antennae—the serrated appearance of the latter

beneath is caused partly by a slight excavation of the two

penultimate joints !).

The species is larger than minutus—about the size of

tristis; and, as in that species, the face of the 2? is very

broad in proportion to its length. The clypeus in this

sex is widely and arcuately emarginate, (the exterior angles

of the emargination very prominent and tooth-like,) and

has another curious character which might easily be

overlooked. It bears several longish scattered projecting

hairs, two of which—one on each side just above the

“teeth ””—are excessively long (though so thin as to be

almost invisible except in certain lights) and project

straight forward far beyond the others—they are actually

almost as long as the scapes of the antennae! In both

sexes the vertex and mesonotum show under the micro-

scope a regular reticulate aciculation, and are also very

closely punctured (hence the surface appears opaque).

Mr. Eaton records no plants as visited by this species.

His examples seem to have been all taken on sand or

roadside banks.

ta ams. 2h xn, 93. Ack, Ki:

1 ¢. Biskra; 17. iv, 94. <A. H. E.

43S. Bone, 29. 11 to 23. v, 96. A. HE. E.

19. Alger, 25. 11, 93. A. E. E.

1 2. Béne, 28. xi, 93. A. E. E.

Bed gue ye) Alger, 16i 1 to 2h. 1v;°98.) °F De M.

DIODONTUS AFER, n. sp.

This insect appears to me so very distinct from anything

I can find described that I venture to bring it forward as

new, though rather unwillingly, as it is a single specimen.

The head, thorax, propodeum, and first abdominal

segment are all exceedingly shining, and contrast most

strikingly with the remaining abdominal segments, which

are absolutely dull.

70 Rev. F. D. Morice on

9. Nigra, tegulis, genubus pedum omnium, et tarsis anticis

rufescentibus vel brunneis, tuberculis nigris. Corpus, abdomine

post segmentum basale excepto, valde nitens, subtilissime sparse

punctulatum. Vertex (non autem mesonotum) microscopice reticulato-

aciculatus; scutellum, ut videtur, omnino laeve. Propodeum in

medio triangulariter impressum, subobsolete strigosum, angulis

lateralibus acutis ac quasi reflexis, sed haud vel vix dentiformibus.

Caput antice visum fere rotundum (haud transversum). Antennarum

articuli intermedii fere quadrati ; articulus 3" fere duplo- (4 fere

sesqui-) latitudine sua longior.

Long. cire. 6 mm.

1 OF Alger, 23. 1098. F. 1D, M.

DIODONTUS SCHMIEDEKNECHTII, Kohl

I think these insects must belong to Kohl’s species

described from the adjoining Province of Oran. They

have all, however, black “Schulterbeulen” (tubercles)

which the author says is unusual in sehniedeknechtir.

(They very much resemble /uperus, but have, I think, a

finer and more sparse puncturation; and, so far as I can

ascertain, the range of that species does not extend far

south of the Alps.)

1 §. Hussein Dey (near Alger), probably on Reseda,

4.1v, 93. A. EE.

1 9. Hippdne, on Sedum caeruleum, 16. v, 96. A. EK. E.

Zeid and Ine VAloer ml iv te. v, 98.5) 2 Dae

PASSALOECUS BREVICORNIS, Moraw.

The following specimens belong to the most brightly-

coloured form of the species (called d@ in Kohl’s latest

tabulation of the Genus). The insect we know in this

country as P. ~signis is, according to Kohl, another form

of the same species. On comparing British “insignis”

with these Algerian insects, I find that the head and

thorax in the latter are distinctly a little more shining

and less closely punctured, and that in this respect they

agree with some Swiss specimens in my collection given

to me as turionwm, Dahlb.—which latter is also, according

to Kohl, synonymous with brevicornis.

The nomenclature of the Passaloecus spp. is a difficult

subject, but has probably been cleared up as far as it is

ever likely to be by the paper of Kohl above referred to

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 71

(Zur Kenntnis der Hymenopterengattung Passaloecus Shuck.

Wien, 1905).

Mr. Eaton records that his specimen from Alger (which

is ticketed as a 2 but is certainly a ¢) was taken along

with another ‘‘ burrowing in sand.” There must be some

mistake, however, here, I think; for the other specimen,

though superficially very like this, is a g Diodontus ; and,

normally at least, Passaloccus nidificates in wood (posts,

palings, etc.) and not, ike Diodontus, in sand.

ih fy Alger6. 1v,°937 AH. BE.

2 ¢ f. Bone, 14. v and 10. vi, 96. A. E. E.

5 ffand 12. Alger (all on 21. iv, 98). F. D. M.

PEMPHREDON SHUCKARDI, Morawitz

1 f. Bone, 16. iu, 96. A. E. E

ee Bone. (2: v.96. AC, Bi:

Biddy ee CAleer, 7.11 too, 14,98. ..B. D. M.

1 9. Constantine, 17. v, 98. F. D. M.

1 g, 1 9. Philippeville, 20. and 21. vi, 98. F. D. M.

The specimens are mostly rather small. Some of my

own have been determined by Herr Kohl as shuckardi,

and I think they all belong pretty certainly to that species.

SCELIPHRON TARGIONII (Car.) D. T.

ae Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 15. and 21. v, 97.

ee 2 a and: 2 9 Oe Biskra,, 21—-23827,.98. F. Dy M.

SCELIPHRON PENSILIS, Ltr.

2 ‘a é: Biskra, on Amini visnaga, 30. v, 93 and 19. v, 97.

eee Biskra, 4-16. v,98. F. D. M.

SCELIPHRON TUBIFEX, Lep.

f1. Kef Oum Taboul (neighbourhood of Lac Tonga).

“A species common in La Calle and at Le Tarf.” 16. vu,

U6: fA. EE.

Genus AMMOPHILA, Kirby

My descriptions of the novelties and chief rarities

among Mr. Eaton’s and my own captures in this genus

were ‘published i in the Annals and Magazine of Natural

History, Jan. 1900. Certain mistakes made by me in

v2 Rev. F. D. Morice on.

that paper have since been put right in Herr Kohl’s

Monograph of the Genus (1907), and the nomenclature of

the latter work is followed in the list of captures given

below.

AMMOPHILA (PSAMMOPHILA) ATROCYANEA, Ev.

I described these mistakenly as a nov. sp. under the

name masinissa.

2 ¢ g. Biskra, 29"inand 3. 1v, 97. «A. HSE:

Pe Biskras 7.71 90 A.

AMMOPHILA (PSAMMOPHILA) GULUSSA, Morice

1 g. Biskra, 30. ii, 97. A.E. HE. (The type-specimen.)

Mr. Eaton on the following day took a 2, which I

supposed to belong to the above male, and described under

the same name. Herr Kohl, however, is of opinion that

they belong to two species, and that the 9 is identical

with his a/gira (an Eremochares), under which name it is

recorded below.

AMMOPHILA (PSAMMOPHILA) HIRSUTA, Scop.

Numerous specimens from Biskra in February, March

and April of different years. A. E. E.

AMMOPHILA (PSAMMOPHILA) TYDEI, Guill.

4 f gf. Biskra, 25. iii and 8. v, 97. A. E. E.

2 9 O“Biskra, 1: iii; ‘95eandeZo, in, 972, AC ee.

1 2. Biskra (Col de Sfa), on Zewceriwm polium, 2. vi, 93.

A. E. E.

AMMOPHILA (PSAMMOPHILA) MICIPSA, Morice

299. Biskra, 7. and 24. iii, 97. A.E.E. (Co-types.)

One of these was presented to me by Mr. Saunders,

and is in my collection.

AMMOPHILA (PARAPSAMMOPHILA) MONILICORNIS, Morice

bf. Biskra, 2 =6.91,98.0 (ED) Me

One of these has 14 (!) joints to each antenna.

AMMOPHILA (EREMOCHARES) DIVES, Brullé

1 g. Biskra, “visits Nitraria tridentata and Tamariz,”

DON AOI. AS ee

2 ff and 1 9. Biskra, on Tamariz, 28. iv, 97. A. EH. E.

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 73

3 29. Biskra, on Hehinops spinosus, 6.-8. v, 97. A. E. E.

9 1. Biskra, 21. v, 94. A. E. E.

Ride 2 ¢. Biskra,y 12v toi9. vi, 98. 5 FD. MG

AMMOPHILA (EREMOCHARES) LUTEA, Tasch.

1 f, 499. Biskra, 30. iv-28. v, 98. F. D. M.

AMMOPHILA (EREMOCHARES) ALGIRA, Kohl

1 9. Biskra, “resting for the night on a Ferula leaf,

simply standing,” 31. 11, 97. A. ELE.

This, as stated above, was described by me as the ? of

gulussa.

AMMOPHILA (COLOPTERA) JUDAEORUM, Kohl

4 ff, 12. Biskra, 6-30. v, 98. F. D. M.

AMMOPHILA GRACILLIMA, Tasch.

Selits Biskra. 5. v,9 (2. Ac HK. EB:

I described this as the ¢ of producticollis (infra), but

Herr Kohl considers the ¢~ to be gracillima, and not

identical specifically with producticollis 9.

AMMOPHILA HAIMATOSOMA, Kohl

1%. Biskra, among Zamariz, 3. v,97. A. E. E.

1 2. Biskra, “in the Jardin near Fort St. Germain,”

2. vi, 93. <A. E. E.

AMMOPHILA PRODUCTICOLLIS, Morice

1 9. Biskra, 16. iv, 94. A. E.E. (The type-specimen.)

AMMOPHILA ALBOTOMENTOSA, Morice

iba. sktago le vey Gee hl DM. Cl ype af 2)

1 9. Biskra, 26. iv, 97. A.E.E. (Type of @.)

AMMOPHILA QUADRATICOLLIS, Costa

23. Le Tarf, 17. vi, and La Calle (on sandhills),

15) vit, 96. AS Reidy

bo Bones 4, vii. 97) sAs Be B,

AMMOPHILA NASUTA, Lep.

2¢9,3 29. Alger, 27.30. iv, 98. F. D. M.

74 Rev. F. D. Morice on

AMMOPHILA POECILOCNEMIS, Morice

2 é. Biskra, “ visits Ferula vesceritensis,’ 19, iti, 20. 111,

ond 5. iv, 95: A. EK. E.

Le 2 3 9. Biskra, 29. in—22. iv, 97. cA. EE,

(These specimens are co-types.)

AMMOPHILA PROPINQUA, Tasch.

1 ¢., Biskra, 29. 1,97. A: E. E.

1 9. Biskra, 17. v, 97, on Ammi visnaga. <A. K. E.

AMMOPHILA HEYDENII, Dahlb.

1 ¢. Constantine, 30. v, 95. A. E. E.

1 §, Constantine, 16. vi, 98. F. D. M.

SPHEX (CHLORION) XANTHOCERUS, KI.

1 9. Bone, on Cynanchum acutum, 18. viii, 97. A. E. E.

SPHEX (Harpacropus) Eatont, E. Saunders

oe 3 2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 19.-80. v, 97.

AE:

bets eae 4, vi, 98. F. D. M.

The above are co-types of the description in Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1910, Part IV, and those in Coll. Saunders stand

above a label “ Eatoni ES.” In the author's last letter

to me he expressed himself as still somewhat doubtful

whether he should not after all list them as a form of

lugens, Kohl, but mentioned the same points of distinction

as are noticed in his published description.

SPHEX (HARPACTOPUS) STsCHUROWSKYI, Rad., var.

HYALINIPENNIS, Kohl

1 g, 4 2. Biskra, on Echinops spinosus, 7. and 8. v,

OT ea Ee:

SPHEX (HARPACTOPUS) SUBFUSCATUS, Dahlb.

1 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 31. v, 93. A. E. E.

SPHEX (PARASPHEX) VIDUATUS, Christ.

1 & Biskra,.28. v, 93. “AE:

499. Biskra, on Echinops spinosus, 6-8. v. 97. A. E. E.

1 2. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, 2. vi, 97. A. E. E.

204; 5 D9. Biskray 27. v9. .vi,98¢ 2, DB. Mi.

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 75

SPHEX (PARASPHEX) ALBISECTUS.

1 2. Bone, on Euphorbia paralias, 23. viii, 97. A. E. E.

1 9. Biskra, on Mentha rotundifolia, 10. viii, 97. A. EK. E.

1 9. Biskra, 22. iv, 97. A. HE. E.

1 @ Biskra, on Atractylis serratuloides, 11. v, 97.

A. E. E.

Mr. Saunders has noted that the above ? 2? “show the

pale apices of the segments very slightly,” but that he has

“little doubt in referring them to this species, as they

have only three teeth on the claws, and the ventral apex of

the abdomen red.”

SPpHEX (CALOSPHEX) NIVEATUS, Duf.

1 gf. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 24. v, 97. A. E. E.

1 2. Biskra,; 3, v, 97... ALE. E.

The 2 is pinned together with a grasshopper (Sphin-

gonotus 8-fasciatus) many times larger than itself, and Mr.

Eaton has noted as follows:—“The grasshopper was

struck by the wasp during flight, fell paralysed to the

ground, and was being carried off when the wasp was

caught.”

SPHEX (CALOSPHEX) SENILIS, n. sp.

This insect is exceedingly like the last, but its silvery (or

rather hoary) clothing appears decidedly thinner, and as

all the specimens agree in this, and they were taken at

different times and under different circumstances, I hardly

think this is merely due to “ rubbing.”

The @ seems to me clearly distinct by the following

characters :—

(1.) Pecten tarsale, antici pedis, et tarsorum omnium armatura

spinosa ion alba sed evidenter nigricantia.

(2.) Clypeus haud planus, sed in medio longitudinaliter ita

elevatus ut tectiformis vel puene carinatus videatur. Apex eiusdem

angulariter (haud arcuatim) subexcisus,

(3.) Scutellum in medio multo minus profunde impressum. (Hoe

in niveato ita suleatum est, ut bituberculatum dici possit ; quod in

senili videre nequeo.)

The measurements of petiole, tarsal joints, etc., seem to

me a little different from those of niveatus, but the differ-

ences are so slight that I should hesitate to lay stress on

this. As for the ¢ $I can find no really satisfactory

76 Rev. F. D. Morice oz

characters to distinguish them, and it may be that some

which I take to belong to the above 2 2 are really f f of

niveatus. But comparing them with Egyptian f ¢ of

niveatus determined by Herr Kohl, I notice that, like the

2 9, they have certainly a thinner and less brilliant silvery

pubescence, allowing the sculpture of the very slightly

impressed scutellum and the transversely rugulose pro-

podeum to be seen quite clearly, whereas in Egyptian

niveatus the sculpture is wholly concealed. In the details

of the alar neuration (form of 83rd cubital cell, position of

recurrent nerves, etc.) they differ exceedingly, and this

makes me doubt whether they may not be a mixture of

two different species. But the 2? 2 must, I think, be

distinct from niveatus; and they certainly are not nigro-

pectinatus, in spite of their dusky pecten, having a far

longer petiole and an altogether less brilliant appearance,

to say nothing of their smaller size. Some of Mr. Katon’s

specimens are darker than my own, but this, I think, is

accidental—probably due to cyanide.

1 @. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 28. v, 94. A. E. E.

2 9. Biskra, visiting Nitraria tridentata and Tamaria,

25, vand (28, 7 pen, Ee

1 9. Biskra, on Tamarix, 29. iv, 97. A. E. E.

192. Biskra, on Echinops spinosus, 7. v 97. A. E. E.

46,02 2. Biskra, favto Oov1, 9S. e, Hey IMs

SPHEX (CALOSPHEX) NIGROPECTINATUS, Tasch.

1 §. Biskra, 6. vi, 98. F. D. M.

SPHEX AFER, Lep. (?)

2¢ 24,329. Biskra, on Ammi visnaza, 29. v, 94 and 15.

v to 22. vi, Oi AC.

ak aS eo ? 9. Biskra, on Hehinops spinosus, 6-10. v, 97.

ran 4 ee 3 2 oO) Biskta.. 2. . NC

The f f are all black; in the ? 9, agreeably to Lepel-

letier’s description, the abdomen is largely red. I find in

them all the characters given by Lepelletier, and this,

coupled with their habitat, and their enormous size (some

quite 36 mm. long), makes me feel sure that they are the

species he was describing. Mr. Saunders at one time

called them ¢rzstis, Kohl, and the f f certainly agree with

the description of that species. But the dimensions of

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 77

tristis @ are given as 23-26 mm. only; and the author

does not mention any difference of colour between $f and 2

tristis, but simply says of the species “ Nigra, nonnunquam

paullum fuscescens.”

SPHEX FLAVIPENNIS, F.

1 9. Médéa, on Daucus setifolius, 2. vill, 94. A. E. E.

bf. Biskra,’ 3. 'v1,98;- B.D) Mi

SPHEX MAXILLOSUS, F.

Numerous f~ ff and 2 § from Biskra, Tizi Ouzou,

Hippéne (on Ammi visnaga), Médéa (on Mentha

rotundifolia)—April to August. A. E. E. and F. D. M.

CERCERIS BUPRESTICIDA, Duf.

The 2 is coloured far more brightly than normal Euro-

pean specimens, having the whole face, collar, postscutellum,

lateral areas of the propodeum and a pair of discal spots

on the middle area, nearly the whole of segments 1, 3, 4,

and 5, and a wide uninterrupted basal fascia on segm., 2

of the abdomen above bright yellow. The femora are not

black, but only somewhat rufescent; and ventral segments

2 and 3 are also not black but obscurely red and marked

with yellow. Still I can find no structural difference

accompanying this unusual colouring. Clypeus, cordiform

area, ventral segments, etc., are formed and sculptured

exactly as in ordinary bupresticida; and the ¢ 2, though

more yellow than specimens from Tirol, Corfu, etc., are

not very much so.

1 2. Le Tarf, on Foeniculum vulgare, 26. vii, 96. A. KE. E.

1 gf. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 3. v, 95. A. E. E.

1 f and 1 9. Biskra, 14. and 23. v, 98. F. D. M.

CERCERIS INSIGNIS, KI. (?)

Klug described his sp. from the @ only, and almost

entirely on colour-characters. The present identification

can only be conjectural; but if the insects now to be

recorded are not really insignis, they must at least be

exceedingly near it. (1 feel pretty sure that ¢ricolorata,

Spin., is a synonym of the same species. This was also

described from a only.) As neither author sufficiently

describes the structural characters to fix for certain the

affinities of his species, and Schletterer has therefore been

78 Rev. F. D. Morice on

obliged to omit both names from his Tables, and relegate

the descriptions to an appendix, I will here give the

characters which I find in the 2 before me, and also

those of the ¢ f which I take to belong to them, the latter

sex being hitherto (so far as I know) undescribed. I may

add that these characters show that in structure, though

not in colour, the species is allied very closely to bupre-

sticida, but that it can hardly be actually identified with it.

Q?. Nigra, thorace infra et in lateribus cum propodei areis omnibus,

et abdominis petiolo (hoc latitudine sua paullo longiore) rubris ;

facies cum carina interantennali brevijcollare utrinque, post-scutellum

(interdum), maculae duo vel fascia interrupta basalis abdominis

segmenti 2" (cujus fasciae etiam in ventris lateribus continuatio satis

obsoleta indicatur), fascia lata antice emarginata segmenti 3", et

segmentum 5‘ fere totum superne, flava; pedes pallidi, femoribus

(praeter genua) cum trochanteribus coxisque fuscis vel obscure rufis,

tibiis intus macula elongata nigra ornatis.

Clypei haud elevati apex in angulos plus minusve dentiformes

excurrit, et praeterea tuberculis binis subapicalibus instructus est.

(Haec autem armatura paene “ microscopica” appellari debet !)

Segmenti ventralis 2" basis simplex (hand elevata) ; segmenti ven-

tralis penultimi in medio evidenter foveati apex recurvatur in medio,

ibique ita excisus est ut paene bidentatus videatur (minus tamen

acute quam in bupresticida). Propodei area media rubra (an

semper 2), disco laevi, et in medio haud canaliculata longitudinaliter,

sed basi extrema brevissime et subtilissime longitudinaliter striolata.

¢. Feminae simillima, sed minor, minusque rufescens, Abdominis

quidem segm. 1™™ semper (ut videtur) rubrum: sed thoracis (proprie

dicti) nulla pars et propodei aut areae solum laterales, aut ne hae

quidem,-rufo-pictae. Flavedo ut in 9; sed fascia abdominis tertia

non segmentum 5" occupat sed 6", et segmentum 2%" ventrale

paene totum(!) flavet.

Clypei margo apicalis denticulatus. Segmenti penultimi ventralis

apex lateribus acute denticulatis. Propodei area media fere ut in

femina, sed (in exemplaribus his omnibus) linea impressa longitu-

dinali evidenter in medio divisa.

The following two ¢ 2 may possibly belong to a different,

or even to two different species, but I am more inclined to

think their peculiarities “individual,” or at most “varietal.”

a. Thorax entirely (except the yellow collar, postscutellum

and tegulae) and also the cordiform area of the propodeum

black (not red!). Hind tibiae within immaculate. Yellow

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 79

band of abd. segm. 3 scarcely at all emarginate, but

practically covering the whole segment: also the basal band

on segm. 2 is not broken into two spots but entire. Head

with two little oblique yellow streaks or spots between

the ocellar region and the tempora. In this form the

body above is punctured much less closely than in that

previously described, and its surface conspicuously more

shining. The apical teeth and tubercles of the clypeus

seem also to be more strongly developed; when the

mandibles are opened, it appears from certain points of

view actually “sexdentate”!

12 Biskra;' 6. vi, 98: F:D. M.

b. This agrees with the last-mentioned form in its

shining and comparatively sparsely punctured surface, and

(I think) as to clypeus-characters (but unluckily in Mr.

Eaton’s only specimen the mandibles are closed!). Its

coloration is very peculiar. The thorax shows no red at

all, not even on the sides of the propodeum. On the

other hand the 2nd abd. segment is not black and yellow

but entirely red like the first! The yellow bands on segm.

3 and 5 are deeply emarginated. The tibiae within are

black-marked, and the head above is immaculate.

1. 2 Biskra, 31. v, 97, on Ammi visnaga. A. E. E.

Except as stated, the characters of these two specimens

agree with those of the 2 described previously. Accord-

ingly, whatever view be taken of their relation to signs,

they certainly belong to the same group with it, viz. that

of bupresticida.

CERCERIS FISCHERI, Spin. (?)

Fischeri, like tricolorata, seems to be an insect of which

nothing is known except from Spinola’s description. From

what he tells us it would seem that the two species differ

very little in colour, but are certainly distinct by the

structure of the front coxae in both sexes, those of jischeri

having a remarkable spine-like (cuneiform?) production or

dilatation outwards, while those of ¢ricolorata are normal.

He mentions, too, that in fischeri the cordiform area has

a distinct impression bisecting it longitudinally, which is

not the case with the other species.

Both these characters distinguish the two ? ? now to be

considered from those referred above to insignis, of which,

as has been said, I believe ¢ricolorata to be a synonym,

80 €. F. D. Morice on

i.e. they have the anterior coxae very strongly cuneiform

(simple in insignis as in bupresticida) and the cordiform

area is manifestly divided by a longitudinal impression.

They are marked with yellow almost exactly as is the

other species, and like it they have a ground-colour

varying between red and black, but with the red con-

siderably more extensive than in even the brightest

specimens of zsignis.

They differ, however, from cnsignis in certain important

points of structure (not mentioned by Spinola) which show

that they do not belong, as it does, to the group of bupre-

sticida at all, but must be considered as nearly allied to

JSunerea, Costa, though in colour, etc., they are exceedingly

unlike that species. By Schletterer’s Tables one might

suppose them to be his ewgenia, but from the description

of that species it seems impossible that such should be

the case. Even if it be so, unless | am wrong in referring

them to Spinola’s species, they must retain the name

given to them by that author.

Three f # taken by Mr. Eaton appear to me certainly

to belong to the present species. As C. fischeri in both

sexes has always been somewhat of a mystery to hymeno-

pterists, I will attempt a diagnosis of the characters

which I find in the specimens before me.

2. Clypei haud elevati pars apicalis (ut in emarginata, etc.)

subtriangulariter impressa. Segmenti ventralis 2" basis elevata.

Segmenti penultimi apex late ac profunde emarginatus, angulis

eiusdem lateralibus ita elevatis ut quasi dentiformes videantur (minus

tamen acute quam in C. funered).

Caput nigrum; facie cum carina brevi interantennali, mandibulis

(apicibus exceptis nigris), antennarumque scapis flavis (flagellis harum

fulvis). Pro- et mesothorax nigra plus minusve rubro-variegata ;

scutellum rubrum ; collare utrimque, tegulae alarum, et postscu-

tellum flava. Propodeum (aut totum, aut excepta area media nigra

rubro-bimaculata,) cum metapleuris et abdominis maxima parte rubra.

Huius segmentum 1™™" totum rubrum ; segmenti 2% dorsum macula

magna basali flava, venter eiusdem (an semper ?) vestigiis quibusdam

obsoletis fasciae apicalis flavae signatus: 3°" annulo lato apicali

completo (7. e. ventrem quoque complectente) flavo : 5'"" apice dorsali

flavo. Bases segmentorum intermediorum superne in medio plus

minusve late denigratae. Pedes flavi, coxis trochanteribus femori-

busque rufescentibus, tibiis intus immaculatis.

Caput superne punctis densis subopacum ; thorax vero et abdomen

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 81

superne. punctis dispersis vel subdispersis nitidissima. Propodei area

media, basi non aut vix striolata, sed in medio longitudinaliter im-

pressa vel sulcata, disco eiusdem (etiamque partibus adjacentibus

arearum lateralium satis late!) omnino impunctatis et laevibus.

Ventris puncta crassa et valde inaequalia, partim confluentia, partim

sparsa, partim fere obsoleta.

6 (exceptis excipiendis) feminae simillimus. Paullo minus copiose

rufescens, propodel area media tota nigra. Flavedo ut in 9, sed

6" quoque segmenti dorsum fere totum flavet. Forma gracilior—

petiolus praesertim multo magis elongatus. Coxae anticae (ut in

Q) valde cuneiformes, flavae. Structura ventris cum ? congruens,

32%. Biskra, on Polygonum aviculare, 30. vi, and on

Ammi visnaga, 8. vu, 97. A. HE. E.

1 2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 24. v, 97. A. E. E.

be Biskrasl6sve-9s. 8. Dy Me.

CERCERIS EMARGINATA, Pz.

This species is so common in all Mediterranean countries

that a complete list of localities, etc.,seems hardly needed.

Mr. Eaton took ¢ # as early as March (at Biskra in 97),

and as late as October (Azazgain’93). They occurred visit-

ing many different plants, as Antirrhinum ramosissimum

at Biskra, Marrubium vulgare at Constantine, Eryngium

triquetrum at Médéa, Ammz visnaga at Biskra and Hippone.

My own captures of it were all made at Biskra and most

probably on Ammz visnaga.

15 ff and 5 $F at various dates and places.

A. E. E. and F. D. M.

CERCERIS STRAMINEA, Duf. (?)

A single ¢ taken by Mr. Eaton may possibly (?) belong

to this species. It agrees with it at least (and with no

other whose description is known to me) in being absolutely

without black on the body except at the apices of the

mandibles! There is, however, a slightly infuscated line

behind each antenna running along the sides of the

usual interantennal carina.

In structure the insect 1s practically a gigantic emarginata

(quite 10 mm. long). Dufour’s type was a 9, and he gives

no characters but of colour; so that the identification I

have suggested is a mere conjecture, and very likely wrong!

Mr. Eaton’s specimen is entirely pale yellow (with the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PARTI. (MAY) a

82 Rev. F. D. Morice on

thorax slightly more rufescent—perhaps only a result of

death by cyanide).

1 @. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga. A. E. E.

CERCERIS DACICA, var. OPULENTA, var. nov.

The coloration of this form is utterly unlike that of

normal dacica; but in structure I can find absolutely no

difference, except that the puncturation of certain areas,

and also the fine oblique striae on the “cordiform” area,

seem to be slightly feebler and shallower. Schletterer

describes a var. magnifica of his dacica, differing from

the type in being much more copiously ornamented with

yellow: but the specimens before me not only have all the

yellow markings of var. magnifica, but many more: thus

the tempora, scutellum, all the areas of the propodeum,

and the Ist abdominal segment, are practically yellow

in both sexes, the vertex is marked posteriorly in the

gf ¢ with a large yellow spot and in the 2 ? with a pair

of obliquely converging streaks, the collar is entirely

yellow, and so is the interantennal carina which, as in

all forms of dacica, is very strongly developed and in the

2 practically reaches right up to the anterior ocellus;

finally, in the 2 even the mesonotum is not entirely black

but shows two discal and two lateral yellow streaks, such

as occur in highly-coloured specimens of the related but

very distinct and much smaller species annexa, Kohl.

(Mr. Eaton’s 2 specimen is greatly disfigured by the

effects of cyanide, and also seems to have been originally

less highly coloured than any of my own; but even in

it the mesonotum and cordiform area show markings

which no doubt were yellow once, though now they are

merely reddish and scarcely noticeable, having become

almost as dark as the surfaces surrounding them.)

T should have referred these insects without hesitation

to caspica, Morawitz, had not that author expressly dis-

tinguished his species from dacica, as lacking impressed

punctures on the tegulae and at the base of the pygidial

area. Such punctures are distinctly visible in the speci-

mens before me, so that, if the character be reliable,

they cannot be caspica. Otherwise, both in structure and

colour, they agree closely with Morawitz’s description of

the brighter (and apparently the normal) forms of that

species. I am much inclined to suspect that dacica,

caspica, magnifica and opulenta will ultimately prove to

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 83

be local races of a single widely-distributed species, which

extends from Algeria to North China. I may add that

the few specimens which I have seen determined by

competent authorities as “ caspica, Morawitz,” are all less

highly coloured than my own of opu/enta, and apparently

also than the form which Morawitz origimally described.

(None of them, ¢.g., have the cordiform area yellow!)

2 gf gf and 1 &. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 17. v. 97.

A. E. E.

1 g. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, 19. v, 97. A. E. E.

2 oO. Biskra, 26, v, and 6: vi, 98.7 F Di M.

1 9. (Label giving date and locality is lost; but no

doubt it was taken at Biskra in v or vi, 98.) F. D. M.

On 20. v, 98 I took a single $ in many ways much

resembling the above, but with vertex, scutellum and

“cordiform area” black, tempora with only a small yellow

spot behind each eye, collar only yellow at the sides, and

puncturation of abdomen coarser and more rugose. (This

perhaps may be a specimen of dacica, var. magnifica,

Schlett.)

CERCERIS LUNATA, Costa

422,399. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 18. and 25. v, 93.

E. E.

229. Hippdne, on Ammi visnaga, 12. viii, 96. A. EH. EK,

13,329. Médéa, on Hryngium triquetrum, 26. vi, and

Peri, 93.

3 9 2. Biskra, 24.—27. v, and 11. vi, 98. F. D. M.

CERCERIS PALLIDULA, Morice

The single specimen taken perfectly agrees with my

“type” from Egypt.

2 Biskra, Vos vic 98. FD. M.

CERCERIS PRUINOSA, Morice

I described this species (perhaps rather rashly) in 1897

from a single ? taken near Cairo, and am glad to find

my ideas as to its distinguishing characters confirmed by

further captures of what is evidently the same insect at

Biskra in both sexes. In all, Mr. Eaton and myself have

taken there 3 ¢ f and 4 2 9, the 2 ¢ corresponding in

all respects with my Egyptian “type,” and the f ¢

strongly resembling them both in colour and structure—

84 Rev. F. D. Morice on

in fact the two sexes can scarcely be distinguished without

counting the abd. segments or examining the clypeus !

C. pruinosa f differs from the f of C. pallidula in the

shape of the collar, which is much less profoundly im-

pressed or emarginate in the middle; the 8rd antennal

joint looks about as long as the 2nd and 4th taken

together, while in pallidula it is scarcely longer than

the 4th alone. Its average size seems to be a trifle

greater, and its general tint is just a shade deeper—a

pale lemon-yellow, while pallidula is rather creamy than

actually yellow. The silvery pilose covering of the face

in all my pruinosa f f is more conspicuous than in

pallidula, but I have not sufficient material to determine

whether this character is constant, though it appears to

me that in pruinosa the actual hairs are longer than in

the other species.

Mr. Eaton’s specimens were taken on Ammi visnaga,

and so probably were my own. He notes that the eyes

of the ? in life were “light yellowish green.”

1 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 23. v, 97. A. E. E.

1g. Biskra, on Amm2 visnaga, 29. v, 97. <A. E. E.

Ig. Biskra, 30, v.09. Hn. UNE:

lf and: 2)0).9" Biskra, 72 -va293.. HsDr aM.

1 © Biskra, 9;-vi, 98. FE. M.

CERCERIS ANNEXA, Kohl

A species resembling the two last in many respects, but

smaller and far more delicately punctured. It seems to be

common at Biskra every year in May, as Mr. Eaton took

it in that month of 793, ’94,’95 and ’97, and I found it

abundant in the same month of ’98. According to Mr.

Eaton’s notes it appears to frequent first Zizyphus lotus

and then Ammw visnaga.

2242. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 30. iv and 3. v, 95.

A. E. E.

12,19. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 10. and 14. v, 97.

A. E. E

22%. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 17. v, 97. A. E. E.

229. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 29. v, 94. <A. E. E.

1 2. Col de Sfa, near Biskra, 27. v, 93. <A. E. E.

132g. Biskra,( v to: 9: vi; 98: ) BM

10 9:2, Biskra, 20.:v to 9. vi, 98) > EDM,

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 85

CERCERIS LUTEA, Tasch. (= nilotica, Schlett. !)

I have carefully compared my single (2?) specimen, both

as to colour and structural details, with one from Egypt,

and can find no difference whatever.

1 fg. Biskra, 7. v, 98. F. D. M.

CERCERIS EATONI, n. sp.

Caput nigrum, facie cum carina interantennali, mandibulis

(praeter apices nigros) fascia pone ocellos, macula (vel striga) pone

utrumque oculum flavescentibus. Thorax niger; collari, tegulis,

scutello, postscutello que flavescentibus; pleuris sternis et pro-

podei areis lateralibus plus minusve (in 2 opulentius) flavo-pictis.

Pedes flavescentes, femoribus posticis (praeter genua) nigris. Ab-

dominis segmenti 2" fascia lata antice emarginata, 4" (interdum

etiam 5") basis nigra ; reliqua pars abdominis flava vel flavescens,

segmentorum ventralium discis plerumque concoloribus. (Hisce in

exemplaribus omnibus flavedo nonnusquam in aurantiacum vel

ferrugineum transit, forsitan post mortem insecti decolorata). Alarum

apices subfusi.

Oculi divergentes sed leniter. Clypeus antice impressus, apice

haud libero, Collare (propter impressionem transversam) postice

marginatum videtur, angulis inferis prominulis non autem spinosis.

Coxae anticae valde dilatatae acute cuneiformes. 2 mesopleurae

(desuper visae) latera in medio denticulo acuto armata. Propodei

area media polita ac nitida, in medio sulco longitudinali divisa.

Petiolus elongatus, marginibus lateralibus aequaliter convexis.

Segmentum ventrale 2" patella, ut mihi videtur, basali instructum,

sed valde minuta, semicirculari. ¢@ corpus crasse punctatum, 9

minus crasse sed tamen fortiter, inter puncta (¢ et 9) evidenter

nitidum.

Long. 6-9 mm.

This is evidently a very near ally of albicincta, KL. but

judging from Schletterer’s diagnosis of that species, I

scarcely think the two forms can be specifically identical.

Schletterer expressly says that albicincta has no basal

elevation of the 3rd (2. e. according to my reckoning the

2nd) ventral segment, but such an elevation seems to me

certainly present in eatont. Nor does he allude to the

cuneiform production of the front coxae and the spine-like

tooth on the 2 mesopleura—characters which he would

scarcely have overlooked had they existed in his albipwncta

9. (The latter was first described by Schletterer, Klug’s

type being a f.)

86 Rev. F. D. Morice on

It is certainly nothing else known to me. It is not

subimpressa, nor rulida; and though several antiquated

and altogether imperfect descriptions might be strained

into more or less agreement with it as far as colour-

characters are concerned, I think it is really useless to

consider seriously to which of these it might with least

improbability be referred; and believe that an erroneous

identification of a species already described is likely to

cause more trouble to future systematists, than the re-

description of it under a new name, which can be “sunk,”

if necessary, hereafter as a synonym.

1 f. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 30. iv, 95. A. E. E.

1 f, 19. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 14. v, 97. A. HE. E.

2 ¢ g. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 17. and 20. v, 97.

A. E. E. (One of these a dwarfish specimen, hardly

6 mm. long !)

1 g. Biskra, “on the wing,” 7. v, 97. A. E. E.

CERCERIS KOMAROVII, Rad.

This very remarkable species seems to be quite common

at Biskra. The 2, I believe, is still undescribed. As

might be expected, it has not the dentate tempora of the

?; but in colour and general appearance resembles it

almost exactly, except that the yellow markings on its

mesonotum are narrower than is usual in the §, which

sometimes has them dilated to such an extent that prac-

tically the whole area appears yellow—much as in Judea.

I should describe it as follows—

gd. Structura maribus priscae et capitonis valde affinis. Color,

ut in ?, pallide citrinus ; mandibulae apice et parce vertex nigro-

maculata: mesonotum nigrum citrino 4-vittatum: Alae hyalinae,

apicibus infumatis.

Clypeus haud dentatus, convexus, antice late deplanatus. An-

tennae apice subtruncato uncinatae; harum articulus ultimus

incurvatus, basi subtus (cum parte apicali articuli penultimi)

rotunde excavatus. Collare in medio impressum, lateribus callosis.

Segmenta abdominis dorsalia 1-5 in medio, ante apices saltem,

(nonnunquam a basibus ad apices,) lineis impressis vel foveolis plus

minusve elongatis incisa. Segmentum 1™™ vix petioliforme, 2° non

multo angustius. Segmentum ventrale 2°" basi haud elevatum :

5™" in medio a basi ad apicem semilunariter impressum, (are

impressa pilis stratis curvis ita obtecta, ut credat aliquis segmentum

ipsum profunde emarginatum esse :) 6" quinto haud dissimile, sed

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 87

impressione pilosa magis transversa; 7" pilis apice non fimbriato

sed lateraliter fasciculato ; 8°" penicillis quattwor (!) ornatur, duobus

in medio marginum lateralium (brevissimis), duobus apicalibus

(tenuibus quidem sed longis). Metatarsus intermedius gracilis,

curvatus, mox post basim ad apicem sensim dilatatus. Tempora

subtus haud ut in femina dentata. Ocelli postici inter se multo

magis quam ab oculis distant(!) Corpus, facies praesertim et seg-

mentorum ventralium apices, pilis argenteis vestitum; his tamen,

nisi sub certa lucis incidentia, vix conspicuis. Integumentum

corporis (exceptis scutellis et areis quibusdam ventralibus) sub-

opacum ; propodei area media lateribus oblique striolatis et punctulis

nonnullis obsoletis impressa nitore poene caret, areae eiusdem

laterales cum dorso abdominis confertim sed haud profunde punc-

tantur. Area pygidialis apice quam basi fere latior, certe haud

angustior (1).

Long. cire. 13 mm.

Mr. Eaton notes that the eyes in this sp. are in life

“light yellowish green.”

22 f. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 24. v, 94. A. E. E.

1 g. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 22. v, 97. A. E. E.

22%. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 25. v, 98. A. E. E.

1 f. Biskra, on Amini visnaga, 21. v, 97. A. E. E.

32 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 23. v, 18 and 22 vi, 97.

A. E. E.

; : Bh Biskra, 20. v to 9. vi, 98. F. D. M.

CERCERIS CAPITO, Lep.

1 f. Biskra, on Tamarix, 29. iv, 97. A. EK. E.

Bet te Piskras bev to, 9) va 98.) “FAD: M.

CERCERIS HARTLIEBI, Schulz

This is probably the only recorded Cerceris which is

practically black entirely—body, legs, and even wings!

Certain parts, it is true, are obscurely rufescent, but its

general appearance is of an insect uniformly black.

It was described first so lately as 1905 from a single @

taken in Tunisie (Sfax) by Rittmeister v. Hartlieb, and no

corresponding ¢ form has as yet been recorded.

I must confess myself to be not quite convinced that it

is anything more than a local melanic 2 form of capito,

with which species, until Dr. Schulz’s description appeared,

had intended to treat it as specifically identical. My

88 Rey. F. D. Morice on

reasons were—(1) That, on comparing its structure and

sculpture in detail with those of a typical capito 2 from 8.

France, I could find no substantial difference except that

the latter had certainly a larger head,—and the difference

in this respect is not greater than that between two ?

specimens from Egypt (determined for me by Herr Kohl)

of the closely-allied species prisca, Schlett. Their punc-

turation seemed to me quite similar; and they agreed

also as to the characters of clypeus, mandibles, petiole,

cordiform and pygidial areas, ventral segments, meso-

pleural (tooth-like) tuberculations, ete., ete. (2) That

g g of capito occurred in some numbers (and not accom-

panied by their normal @ 2!) on the same flowers of

Ammi with my hartliehi 2 2; but neither then nor after-

wards could I find any ¢ ¢ of similar (black) coloration,

though I naturally tried hard to do so, for I knew, of

course, that an entirely black Cerceris must be something

out of the common and probably undescribed.

I feel, however, that it may be rash to unite forms super-

ficially so distinct, without more conclusive evidence than

the above, and therefore follow Dr. Schulz in treating

hartliebi as a good species.

AO 9+ Biskra, 19.y to.22..v1, 98... EF. DM.

CERCERIS NASUTA, Lep.

9¢3,22 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 19. v to 22. vi,

Oi. Ae HG:

1 ¢, 19. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, 24. v, 93. A. E. E.

1a Ao 2S Biskrasveane vi, 98; ) tae

CERCERIS BUCCULATA, Costa

From Costa’s figures I feel satisfied that this must be

his species, though I have seen no other specimens of it.

The clypeus is exactly as he represents it, very like that

of ferrert (= propinqua, Cost.), but much broader than

long. These Algerian examples, however, seem to have

more yellow on the abdomen than Costa’s type; segments

1, 2, 4 and 5 having very broad fasciae, which are scarcely

at all emarginate basally.

2° 9. Biskra, on Tamarix, 19. and 30. v, 97. A. E. E.

CERCERIS ARENARIA, L.

24.9. Médéa, on Eryngium triquetrum, 29. vi, 93.

A. E. E. .

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 89

1 9. Woods near Médéa, on (?) Daucus setifolius, 8. viii,

93. A. E. E.

1 g Bone (“border of estuary—near the railway

works”). A. E. E.

I think these are all arenaria, but the § and the Bone

a seem to have wider and less emarginate yellow bands

(esp. on segments 1 and 2) than normal European

specimens.

(I am not quite certain that Mr. Eaton’s record of

Daucus as the plant visited by the ? refers to the insect to

which I have attached it, but that is how I understand his

note on the subject.)

CERCERIS NITRARIAE, 0. sp.

This is evidently one of those pale-yellowish species,

very sparingly marked with black (chiefly on the vertex

and mesonotum), and with somewhat silvery pilosity,

which seem especially characteristic of the N. African

desert-fauna. Unfortunately all the specimens before me

seem to have had their original colour much altered by

cyanide, and I have no means of ascertaining how far this

circumstance is responsible for the varying combinations

of different yellowish tints (cream-colour, fulvous orange,

and even testaceous red) which their paler parts now

exhibit. I think, however, that these parts were not even

originally quite unicolorous—some being probably lacteous,

and others distinctly lemon-yellow. Abandoning the

attempt to distinguish these tints, the coloration of the

insect may be described as “flavescens sparse nigro-

maculata.” The vertex is crossed by a wide black fascia

which is produced in front (biramose) so as to embrace the

insertions of the antennae. The mesothorax, the pleurae

at least in part, and the shining “‘cordiform area” are

black, and some at least of the abdominal segments (all

in the f) are more or less widely black at their bases. As

in most species the f shows a greater extension of black

not only on the abdomen but on the head and thorax than

the 9, ¢.g. in the latter the tempora are yellow or fulvous,

but in the ¢ they are black as well as the vertex and only

bear a small spot of yellow behind each eye. In both

sexes the collar, tegulae, and postscutellum seem to be

always yellow. The scutellum may be yellow, or merely

spotted with that colour (or with red ?), or entirely black.

90 ¢... F. D. Morice on

The following diagnosis indicates the chief structural

characters which I notice in nitrariae. It will be seen

that they agree to a surprising extent with those of a very

differently-coloured species, viz. luctwosa, Costa. The latter,

however, besides differing from aitvariae in colour, has a

very much stronger and closer puncturation, as will be

seen at once if the abdomens of the 2 2 in the two species

are looked at side by side.

2. Clypeus apice in medio acute bidenticulato. Carina inter-

antennalis usque ad ocellum anticum prolongata. Propodei area

media laevis, nitidissima, impressione lineari longitudinaliter divisa.

Petiolus transversus, cum sequentibus 4 segmentis ante apicem

evidenter impressus vel sulcatus (longitudinaliter), area pygidialis

subovalis, apice et basi angustatis, deinde subtruncatis, lateribus

subdense fimbriatis. Segmentum ventrale 2° basi hand elevatum,

penultimum (quantum video) simplex. Punctatura mediocriter

fortis, nusquam rugosa, intervallis punctorum subnitidis ; partim

(e.g. in scutello) fere dispersa dici potest.

Collare lateribus gibbose elevatis in medio depressum, angulis

inferis spiniformibus. Antennarum articuli 3 et 4 latitudine sua

plusquam duplo longiores. Flavescens vel partim albescens, verticis

fascia lata antice biramose producta nigra. Nigra sunt etiam—

occiput (non autem tempora) mesonotum cum parte pleurarum,

propodei area media (nonnunquam etiam areae laterales partim), et

segmentorumn abdominis dorsalium maculae basales subtriangulares

(interdum obsolescentes).

¢ feminae simillimus, crassius punctatus, flavedine magis

restricta. Caput postice nigrum, pone oculos flavo binotatum ;

thoracis latera tota (plerumque etiam propodeum totum) nigra ;

abdominis fasciae flavae angustiores quam in 92. Antennarum

articulus ultimus leniter curvatus, dein recte truncatus. Clypei

margo apicalis evidenter dentatus.

Oculorum margines interni in utroque sexu fere paralleli. Alae

hyalinae apicibus fuscis.

222,19. Biskra, “visiting Mitraria edentata,” 19. v,

97, A. E. E.

282,229. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 15. v to 8 vii, 97.

KE. E.

CERCERIS QUADRIMACULATA, Duf.

1 2. Constantine, 16. vi, 94. A. E. E.

629. Constantine, 14-18. vi, 98. F.D.M

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 91

CERCERIS TRISTIOR, 0. sp.

This small dark species, of which I found ¢ 9 only, in

general appearance and coloration much resembles guadri-

maculata, and occurred at the same place and time with

that species. But, besides being very much smaller, it is

at once distinguishable by its almost unsculptured “ cordi-

form” area, and the shining surface of its head and thorax

above, the punctures on which are comparatively small

and sparse. The almost entirely black face with merely

a small pale spot adjoining each eye (as in many

Prosopis 2 2) 1s a curious character, and appears in all my

specimens.

Q. Nigra, nitida ; macula in medio orbitae internae utriusque

oculi, et segmentorum abdominalium 3" 5" que fasciis latis apica-

libus (antice in medio emarginatis) ‘flavis.

Antennae fulvescentes apicibus denigratis scapis flavis. Mandi-

bulae breves (in medio marginis haud dentatae) fulvae apicibus

nigris. Pedes cum tegulis alarum flavi vel plus minusve fulves-

centes. Alae apicibus haud obscurioribus subfumatae, costa

stigmate etc. brunneis.

Clypeus totus niger, forma simplici, sed valde tumidus (convexus).

Segmenta ventralia omnino simplicia. Caput superne sparse,

mesonotum cum scutello etiam sparsius punctatum ; pleurae rugosae ;

propodei area media disco laevigato, lateribus subtilissime (fere

microscopice !) striolatis ; areae eiusdem laterales dense punctatae.

Abdomen superne punctis mediocribus subnitidum, area pygidialis

anguste subovalis, coriacea, plus minusve rufescens vel brunnescens.

Oculorum margines interni fere paralleli: ocelli inter se minus

quam ab oculis distaut.

Long. circ. 9 mm.

3 2 2. Constantine, 16. vi, 98. F. D. M.

CERCERIS QUADRICINCTA, Pz.

This is evidently an abundant species in Algeria, and

must have, I should conjecture, more than one generation

in the year. I have taken it as early as March (at

Cherchell) and abundantly in April 1910 (in the Province

of Oran), while Mr. Eaton’s records of it extend from the

middle of May to the 19th of September in various years.

(It is rather curious that in ’98 I do not seem to have

met with it, but possibly I may have given away or mislaid

my specimens.)

92 Rey. F. D. Morice on

1 @. Near Azazga, on Eryngium tricuspidatum, 1. ix, 93.

A. E. E.

1 gf. Forest of Yakouren, on Lryngium tricuspidatum,

19..1x, 93. | A, E. EE.

1 ¢. Le Tarf, on Foeniculum vulgare, 26. vii, 96. A. E. E.

1 g. Biskra, on Foeniculum vulgare, 15. v, 97. A. E. E.

329. Biskra, on Amini visnaga, 24. v and 3. vi, 93.

tAg ie E.

1 g. Bone, on Tamarix (2), 25. vii, 97. A. E. E.

19. Médéa, on Eryngium triquetrum, 27. vi, 93. A. E. E.

CERCERIS LATICINCTA, Lep.

This identification I owe to Herr Kohl.

My specimen is a very darkly-coloured insect, the body

being entirely black except a small yellow spot above the

base of the clypeus, a very broad orange fascia (covering

the whole of the 2nd and 8rd abd. segments both dorsal

and ventral!), and the tegulae, legs (except the coxae),

and the base of the mandibles, which are also orange (but

this colour on the mandibles is very obscure—perhaps

darkened by cyanide 2).

The constrictions between the abdominal segments

appear to me slighter than is usual in Cerceris. The

cordiform area is dull, somewhat coriaceously rugulose all

over without distinct striations. The mesopleurae are

strongly toothed or tuberculated in the middle as in

capito, etc. The clypeus in my specimen has unfortu-

nately been damaged (probably by a needle employed to

open the mandibles), and I cannot describe its form in

detail, but the apex appears to have been narrowly pro-

duced (porrect ?) and perhaps incised in the middle (?).

The eyes are divergent. The mandibles simple (7. e. un-

toothed within) and blunt at the apex. The surface of the

body in general is rather shining, its puncturation neither

very close nor coarse. ‘The pygidial area is barrel-shaped,

slightly narrowing to its apex, and coarsely rugulose. The

broad petiole and the segments following are distinctly

impressed before their apices in the middle. The length

of the insect about 15 mm.

ee Biskras28. wv, 98. FB. De NM:

CERCERIS SCHMIEDEKNECHTII, Kohl

1 2,2 29. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 18. v, 93. A. E.

12,12. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 28. v, 94. A. EK

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 93

3 Hae 4 29. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 15.23. v, 97.

A. E

1 9. *Méaéa, on Daucus carota, 8. vu, 93. A. E. E.

Th. 23. 999. Biskra, 14, v—4. vi, 98. F. D. M.

The species is excessively like specularis, Costa, but has

a much more closely-punctured abdomen; and the inter-

rupted abdominal fasciae seem to be always narrower than

in that species, which I have taken freely in Greece and

Palestine but never in Algeria.

PHILANTHUS TRIANGULUM, F.

Abounds everywhere, so it is needless to quote every

record. Mr. Eaton found it visiting Matricaria (Alger),

Eryngium triquetrum (Médéa), Ammi visnaga (Hippdne

and Biskra), Yewcriwm poliwm (Biskra), Senecio (Bone).

Near Médéa a specimen was found at an altitude of over

3200 feet.

Many $f and tae from May to September inclusive,

A, E. E. and F. D. M

PHILANTHUS VARIEGATUS, Spin.

Found by Mr. Eaton visiting Nitraria tridentata, Tama-

riz, Zizyphus lotus, and Ammi visnaga. —

1 9. Biskra, 28. v, 94. <A. E. E.

fe oeBiskne, 29: 1v, 05. Ave:

24. Biskra, 11. and 24. v,97. A. E. E.

499. Biskra, 30. iv—26. v, 97. A. E. E.

it foAleer Al. 1,98. FE. Dy M.

5 $3, 10 29. Biskra, 16. v-12. vi, 98. F. D. M.

PHILANTHUS RUTILANS, Spin.

1 9. Biskra, 24. iv, 94. A. E. E.

PHILANTHUS KOMAROVII, Morawitz (?)

1 g. Biskra (on the sandhills), 5. v, 97. A. E. E.

PHILANTHUS MELLINIFORMIS, Sm.

This is not (as D.T. Cat. makes it) a synonym of

venustus, Rossi, but = the species described by Herr Kohl

under the name andalusiacus.

1 g. Forest of Yakouren, on Eryngium tricuspidatum at

altitude of 2000 to 3000 feet, 3. ix, 98. A. E. E.

94 Rey. F. D. Morice on

22%. Bone, visiting Luphorbia paralias, 14. viii, 96.

A. E. E.

1 ¢. Bone, “commonly basks on stems of Juncus

maritimus,” 4. viii, 97. <A. E. E.

PHILANTHUS (PHILOPONUS) THERYI, Vach,

5 29. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 18. v, 93. A. E. E.

i Biskra, 29.9v 940A, 1K,

2°¢ 4. Biskra, 2ieand 23..v, 97. ‘Ay EO:

8¢¢ and 2 22. Biskra, 5. v—4. vi, 98: FF. D. Me

PHILANTHUS (PHILOPONUS) sp. ?

19) Biskra, 25-7. 08. 0H. iD. Mi:

This is probably “ new,” but I abstain from describing

it as such on a single specimen. The abdomen bears

lateral white spots on the basal segments, segment 1 is

red, the other segments black. It is much more shining

on the thorax (especially the prothorax in front, and the

sides of the propodeum) than théryi, the body seems un-

usually pilose, and the spines of the legs (pecten, ete.)

particularly long.

It is not dewitzi (!), the only Philoponus (besides théryi)

with which I have had the opportunity of comparing it.

ASTATUS (or ASTATA ?), Latr.

I have hesitated a good deal as to my proper course in

dealing with the records relating to this Genus. By some

unlucky accident all save one of my own captures have

escaped mention of any kind in Mr. Saunders’s MS. list

now lying before me. My determinations of these, there-

fore, have not his authority, and this I have thought it

best to indicate by enclosing them between square

brackets [ ]. But a greater difficulty is that on full

consideration I find myself unable to agree with the con-

clusions to which (if I rightly understand his MS.) my

friend had come, as to certain identifications of Mr. EKaton’s

insects; and yet Ido not think I should be justified in

silently ignoring those conclusions, and modifying the list

he had prepared in accordance with my own notions. I

shall therefore publish the list as he left it; and in cases

where it seems necessary, shall record my dissent and the

reasons for it between square brackets. As to the name of

the Genus I should have preferred myself to acquiesce, as

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 95

v. Dalla Terre and most authors have done, in Latreille’s

emendation of his first proposed name, and written

“ Astata” ; but this question I do not wish to argue ; and,

as I find ‘‘ Astatus ” employed throughout in the MS, list,

it shall remain so.

ASTATUS BOOPS, Spin.

1 #. Constantine, visiting Thapsia garganica, 17. v, 99.

A. EK. E.

1 9. Constantine, 17. vi, 98. F. D. M.

[My ¢ is, I have no doubt, bodps, as determined by Mr.

Saunders. But it is a remarkably large specimen, and

has exceedingly dark wings—quite as dark as in /wii-

pennis, Saunders. |

ASTATUS MINOR, Kohl

1 g. Hippone, “eyes [in life] pitch brown, or rufo-

piceous,” 15, vii, 96. A. EK. E.

1 3,19. Le Tarf, “on Foeniculum vulgare,” 24, vil, 96.

A. E. E.

1 2. Biskra, “5-6.30 pm,” 11. v, 94. A. EK. E.

1 9. Bone, “along the shore across the Seybouse,” 3. ix,

96. A. E. E.

[I took a 9 at Constantine 14. vi, 98, and 2 ff and 1 9

at Biskra 24. and 25. v, 98 (F. D. M.) which Mr. Saunders

does not appear to have noticed when he revised the

collections, but which seem to belong either to this species

or the next. See below under radialis, Saunders. |

ASTATUS RADIALIS, Saunders

Described in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1910, Part. IV.

12,3 2 2. Le Tarf, on Foeniculum vulgare, 24. and 26. vii,

OG. ake. BB,

1 2. Bone, “along the shore across the Seybouse,” 5. 1x,

96. A. KH. E.

1 9. Bone, “along the shore across the Seybouse,” on

Euphorbia paralias, 23. viii, 97. A. E. E.

[I cannot help feeling a doubt as to the association of

the above {with the 29. The latter appear certainly

unlike the 2 2 called by Saunders minor which were

taken in the same localities with them and (at Le Tarf)

on the same plant. But except a slight and, as it seems

to me, hardly specific difference in the truncation of the

96 Rev. F. D. Morice on

radial cell I can find no reason to think that all the #2

here recorded (after Saunders’s MS.) as minor and radialis

do not belong to the same species. Their agreement in

antennal characters, degree of clouding in the wings, ete.,

outweighs (I think) the difference of neuration, which in

Astatus spp. generally is often erratic. And if they be

identical, I suspect they are the ff of Saunders’s mznor,

rather than of his radialis. But further, I do not feel

certain that the former species is really Kohl’s minor, of

which I possess several specimens named by the author.

The ¢ antennae, to my eye, are not identical with those

of minor, Kohl (det. ipse), the joints beneath being less

convex and more simply so (not at all sinuate in the

middle!). Also the ventral pilosity appears distinctly

longer. They seem to me more to resemble the # of a

Spanish species kindly sent to me by Sefior Mercet,

under a name which I refrain from quoting as I am not

sure that it is yet published.

As to radialis 2, I feel pretty sure that it is really (or

rather was when described) a “new” form. Whether it will

prove to be more than a local variety of some species already

described from other districts, is another question. Several

of the characters which are commonly utilised in defining

the species of this difficult Genus are, to my mind, likely

to prove unreliable. Even such comparatively well-de-

fined species as bodps and stigma are exceedingly variable,

not only in colour-characters, but in neuration, size, and

even sculpture; and many of the existing descriptions are

based entirely on characters of this kind.]

ASTATUS LAETUS, Saunders

1 2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 19. v, 97. A. E. E.

ASTATUS FUMIPENNIS, Saunders

1 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 25. v, 97. A. E. E.

The above two species are both described in Trans. Ent.

Soc. ¢.c.

NOTOGONIA NIGRITA, Lep.

1 @. Biskra, visiting Moricandia arvensis, 10. x, 97.

A. E. E.

1 9. Hussein Dey (Alger), 4. iv, 93. A. E. E.

1 9. Biskra, “near the Barrage, on the neighbouring

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 97

hill, carrying off an Achetid from a stony slope.” 22. in,

Sanya) Kp Et

a2 @ Paskra, 18.4, and 15) 1, 955 12. iv, 97. A.

2¢ f, 19. Biskra, 4-20. v, 98. F. D. M.

299. Alger, 19. and 21. iv, 98. F. D. M.

NOTOGONIA POMPILIFORMIS, Pz

ie, 1 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 18. and 23. v, 93.

EK. E.

1 9. Biskra, on Moricandia arvensis, 10. 11,97. <A. E. E.

Lt ate Biskra, 30. ii, and 22. iv, 97. A. E. E.

if : Bone, 30. vii, OF; Ay Ee.

17,1 @ Biskra, 12. and 14, v, 98. F. D. M:

209. Alcer, 16. ii and 12..iv, 98. F.D, M.

NoToGONIA SCULPTURATA, Kohl

5 99. Alger, 16. 11i-4, iv, 98. F. D. M.

1 f. Biskra, 16. v, 98. F. D. M.

NOTOGONIA OPALIPENNIS, Kohl

1 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 24. v, 97. A. E. E.

TACHYTES SUPERBIENS, 0. sp.

This is by far the largest Palaearctic Tachytes known to

me. In size and general appearance it agrees with 7’

monetaria, Smith, an Indian species. But on comparing

it with the “type” of the latter at South Kensington (a

9) I find that monetaria has the eyes further apart on the

vertex, differently-clouded wings (darkest in the costal

region and near the stigma and with only a small area

slightly infuscated near the apex, while swperbiens has

them perfectly hyaline except at the apex, where a very

broad and dark band runs along the margin), very ditfer-

ent pilosity on the thorax (simple erect griseous hairs all

over it), and a differently-coloured abdomen (the base

being black, while in swperbiens it is entirely testaceous).

Nor is it veloc, Smith, with whose “type” I have also

compared it. It is far larger, and altogether different in

colour and general appearance. It seems almost incred-

ible that so magnificent a Palaearctic species should not

have been long ago detected and described; and this is

probably the reason that Mr. Saunders, though marking it

as a “new species” in his list, has apparently neither

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART I. (MAY) H

H8 Rev. F. D. Morice on

named it, nor prepared a description of it. Limagine that

he expected to find one, when he should be able to return

home and consult books which he had not by him in the sea-

side lodgings where his last MSS. were composed. I have

failed, however, to encounter such descriptions; and as a

search through the collections of Larridae (European,

African, and Asiatic) in the British Museum (South

Kensington) has revealed no species much resembling the

present—except, as aforesaid, monetaria, Sm.—I can only

treat it as new.

What Smith calls the “ beautiful tessellated appearance ”

of the golden-haired abdomen in monetaria is a striking

character also in superbiens. The same phenomenon is

described in greater detail by Lepelletier in his account of

7’. illudens (but that is generally supposed to be a Liris,

and it cannot, at any rate, be the insect now under con-

sideration). Really the whole abdomen is clothed with

minute golden hairs, but these only become visible when

they reflect the light at certain particular angles; and the

result is that, when looked at from behind, the abdomen

appears chequered (like a chessboard) with alternate

squares of hght and darkness, these squares shifting their

position, and sometimes actually becoming reversed, when

the point of view is altered.

Nigra, dense punctulata; abdomine, mandibulis in medio, pedum-

que apicibus testaceis ; tegulis ochraceo-flavidis ; alarum superiorum

margine apicali late infuscato, basi ac disco hyalinis. Pedes robusti,

spinosi. Metatarsi antici serie subaequali 6 spinarum armati, spinis

his in 9 testaceis, validis, rectis, in ¢ albidis, multo minoribus.

Oculi in vertice (praecipue in ¢) valde approximati. Distantia

horum longitudini antenn. artic. 4 in 9, 5° in ¢ subaequalis

(certe non maior sed ut videtur aliquanto minor quam in T’ frey-

gessnert, Kohl). Neque antennae, neque clypeus notam ullam

singularem praebent. Huius parsapicalis in 9 nonnihil deplanatur

vel imprimitur, margine (in medio) subproducto, sed lenissime.

2. Caput, thorax cum propodeo, basisque segmenti abdominalis

1™, pilis tenuibus albidis subhirta. Praeterea facies, tempora pone

oculos, latera thoracis plus minusve, pedesque partim (e.g. femora

quatuor anteriora subtus), itemque margo mesonoti totus (7. e. antice

postice et in lateribus) et postscutellum (non autem scutellum) pilis

stratis vel substratis argenteis pulcherrime resplendent, Abdomen

pube aureo-sericea revera quidem totum conspersum, specie vero,

secundum lucis incidentias varias, varie tessellatum ; (parte pilositatis

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 99

nunc hac, nune illa, modo apparente, modo oculos fallente). Area

pygidialis pilis rufescenti-aureis vestita.

g. Pilositas dispositione similis, sed pallidior; neque argenteo-

(facie excepta) neque aureo- tam distincte ac conspicue quam in 9

micans.

Long. 17 mm. (¢ )-22 mm. (? ).

1 7, 1 9. Bone, on Statice, 30. vii, 97. A. EK. E.

2274, 1. Bone, visiting Cynanchum acutum, 17. 18., and

20. vii, 97. A. E. E.

Mr. Eaton has noted that in life the eyes of the ? are

greenish, those of the ¢ “ pitch-black.”

TACHYTES MACULICORNIS, Saunders

Described in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1910., Part IV.

2 $4,1 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 24. and 28. v and 19.

yi, 9%. AEE.

S 5,0 29%. Biskra; 18.v to 4. vi; 98,, .F. D. M.

The ¢ taken by Mr. Eaton was stylopised.

TACHYTES AENEA, Saunders

Described in Trans. Ent. Soc., /. ¢.

2 ¢¢. Biskra, “near railway, kilom. 199,” 25. iv, 97.

A. E. E.

TACHYTES FREYGESSNERI, Kohl

38 4. Bone, “on sandy ground,” 29. vii, 97. A. E. E.

229. Médéa, on Daucus setifolius, 30. vii and 2 viii, 93.

A. E. E.

229. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 18, vi and 2. viii, 97.

A. E. E.

“ Hyes of f dull green”... “eyes of 2 green” (A. E. E.

MS.).

TACHYTES BISKRENSIS, Saunders

Described in Trans. Ent. Soc., 1. ¢.

1 3,19. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 22. vi, 97. A. E. E.

(In the Coll. the # is accidentally ticketed as a 9.)

TACHYTES SIMILLIMA, Kohl

394,499. Biskra. “Eyes caesious, visits Zizyphus

(abusincoxdy, Oi A

OFidew poe Biskra; 9.cy-L1.vi, 98.;. FD: M.

H 2

100 Rev. F. D. Morice on

TACHYTES TRICOLOR, F,

1 g. Biskra, “ visiting Amberboa lippit ; eyes light green-

ish or light yellowish-green,” 11. iv, 95. A. E. E

1 g. Le Tarf, in the cornfields on Ammi visnaga, 27. vi,

96. A.B. E.

TACHYTES OBSOLETA, Rossi

1. f. Biskra; 9, v, 98... EF. D. M.

This specimen was determined by Herr Kohl.

TACHYTES AMBIDENS, Kohl (det. ipse !)

i 2 Biskra,: 20. Wace. 0 pe. eI,

TACHYTES EUROPAEA, Kohl

2 ff. Between Tizi Ouzou and Azazga, on Mentha:

“ eyes light sap-green,’ 13. vi, 938. A. E. E.

1 @. Médéa, on Eryngium triquetrum: “eyes black,”

26..v1, 03.. CAS Ba:

TACHYSPHEX SYRIACUS, Kohl

Mr. Saunders in his MS. list calls this species “ heliopo-

lites, Morice.” But I am satisfied that it is not the species

described by me under that name from Egypt. It is far

larger. The hairs of the face are silvery in the 9, fuscous

or even black in the f. (In heliopolites both sexes have

the face white-haired.) The pygidial area of the @ is

different both in shape and sculpture (vide infra—in helio-

polites it is tectiform, shining, and very slightly striated,

almost smooth except for a few large but ill-defined

punctures). The ff quite agree with specimens from

Egypt which were determined for me as syriacus by the

author, and so I venture to call it. (In rubbed specimens

only two bands of silvery hairs appear on the abdomen,

and Kohl’s original description gives this as a character of

his species. But others in better condition show 3 or even

4 complete silvery bands in a good light. They are best

seen by looking at the specimen from in front.)

As I am not aware that the 2? has yet been described, I

give a diagnosis of its characters.

Q mari simillima. Nigra, abdomine concolore, albido-pilosa.

Frontis, clypei, etc., pilositas argentea, non (ut in ¢) fusca vel

nigra. Segmentorum abdominalium apices fasciis latis argenteis

ornati, revera continuis, quamvis, postice visae, interruptae videan-

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 101

tur. Mandibulae basibus argenteo-pilosis, in medio cum parte pedum

(tarsis, tibiarum apicibus, etc.) testaceae. Tegulae venaeque alarum

lutescentes. Harum cellula cubitalis 2"* superne angusta, 3"*

Jatior ; forma huius paene ut in 7, panzeri.

Metatarsi antici spinis plurimis (12-13) longis sed tenuissimis

pectinati. Oculi in vertice circiter antenn. articuli 3"! longitudine

(vel paullo minus) inter se distant. (Minus certe quam in 7’

fluctuato.) Area pygidialis opaca, plana, dense granulosa (vel

reticulato-punctulata), punctis nonnullis maioribus subobsoletis

conspersa.

Long. circ. 13 mm.

1 gf. Médéa, on Daucus setifolius, “Eyes light egg-

yellow,” 8. vii, 93. A. EK. E.

1 f,1 9. La Calle, 4. and 19. vu, 96. A. E. E.

1 f. Le Tarf, “ visiting heads of Cynara cardunculus, 28.

vii, 96. A. E. E.

2 $4,199. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, “ Kyes of f¢ light

yellowish green, of 2 dull greenish,” 20-25. v,97. A. KE. E.

1 f. Bone, “ Eyes bright yellow,” 30. vii, 97. A. E. E.

3 2%. Biskra, 20. and 30. v, 98. F. D. M.

TACHYSPHEX FLUCTUATUS, Gent.

i. Biskra, 28. iv, 95. A. EH. E.

2 ff. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, “ Eyes bright yellow or

greenish yellow, according to the point of view,” 22. vi, 97.

A. E. E.

1 gf. Bone, on Luphorbia paralias, 5. vi, 96. A. E. E.

1 gf. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 18. vi, 97. A. E. KE.

(A very large specimen with red legs and dull-red base

to the abdomen. Mr. Saunders submitted it to Herr Kohl,

who considered that it was a variety of fluctwatus.)

Sita: miskra, 15.-25, v, 98, F.1D. M.

So many specimens having occurred, it seems rather

curious that all were f 2.

TACHYSPHEX FILICORNIS, Kohl

1 9. Hussein Dey, 4. iv, 98. A. E. E.

1 9. Alger, 18. iv, 93. A. E. E.

12) Biskra, 19> v, 985 FL... M.

TACHYSPHEX MEDITERRANEUS, Kohl

1 9. Philippeville, 21. vi, 98. F. D. M.

102 Rev. F. D. Morice on

TACHYSPHEX NITIDUS, Spin.

“ee 1 g,1 9. Biskra, on Euphorbia guyoniana, 1. ii, 95.

EK. E.

1 ¢. Médéa, on Eryngium triquetrum, 29. vi, 93. A. E. E.

5 oo; 2 29 Biskra, 2. 10,95 and 6-21. wv, 97" BoE

2g 1-2) Bene! 3! ix 96and 31. vit, 97) EE.

823,399. Alger, 29. iii-21. iv, 98. F. D. M.

OE WPS edo Biskra, B20) hy 98) Fe AE

(7) 1 &% Biskra (probably nitidus, but Mr. Saunders notes

of it, “has the vertex rather more convex and narrower

than in normal specimens ”), 20. v, 98. F. D. M.

TACHYSPHEX EATONI, Saunders

Described in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1910, Part IV.

1 2. Biskra (road to Hammam es Salahin), 5. iv, 97.

TACHYSPHEX, sp. ? (probably schiniedeknechti, Kohl)

12. Biskra, 19. v, 98. F. D. M:

TACHYSPHEX PHILIPPI, Saunders

Described in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1910, Part IV.

1 2. Philippeville, 21. vi, 98. F. D. M.

TACHYSPHEX COSTAE, Kohl

1 ¢. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, “eyes yellow,” 22. vi. 97.

A. E. E.

TACHYSPHEX JULLIANI, Koll

Lf? 2.0 iBiskra 20k 98: HI. ME

TACHYSPHEX LATIVALVIS, Thoms. (Black variety.)

19. Bone, “visiting Huphorbia paralias. Kyes

piceous,” 2. vii, 97. A. EH. E.

TACHYSPHEX PYGIDIALIS, Kohl

3 ff. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, 25. v,93 and 15.-24.

v, 97. AEE

4 $f. Biskra, among Tamarix, etc., above the barrage,

10. and 11. 1iv, 97. A. EB:

Of these specimens Mr. Eaton notes: “Eyes yellowish

green, Basks on the sand with antennae porrect, and

though common is hard to catch, because it very often

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 103

frequents spots at the borders of bushes and under the

ends of their branches.”

1 gf. Bone, on Huphorbia paralias, 5. viii, 97. A. E. E.

1 9. Le Tarf, “visitng heads of Cynara cardunculus,”

23. vil, 96. A. E. E.

1 9. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 25. iv, 97, A. EK. E,

229. Biskra, about Nitraria tridentata, 21, and 28. v,

Bio SA Hie Be

32d. Constantine, 15.‘and 17: vi, 98: -F: DM.

1 g. Philippeville, 20. vi, 98. F. D. M.

9 f f and 3 2 9. Biskra, 4. v. to 30. vi, 98. F. D, M.

This is probably the commonest of all Zachysphex spp.

in Algeria, occurring everywhere, and under all sorts of

circumstances.

TACHYSPHEX PSILOPUS, Kohl

3 ¢ 2%. Biskra, “above the barrage. Eyes dull light

yellowish green,” 4-18. iv, 97. A. E.E,

ae a... Biskra, 5.'v and fv, 98, °F. D) Me

TACHYSPHEX [EDUARDI], Saunders

Described in Trans, Ent. Soc. 1910, Part IV.

1 f. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 30. iv, 95. <A, EK. E,

24g. Biskra, “eyes light yellowish green,” 22. iv, 97.

A. E. E. ‘

19. Bone, “visiting Zryngium triquetrum,” 6. vii, 96.

A. E. E

TACHYSPHEX PECTINIPES, L.

19. Constantine, 16. vi, 98. F. D. M.

It would seem that this extremely common European

species is quite a rarity on the other side of the Mediter-

ranean! (Kohl, however, mentions North Africa as one

of its habitats, and this specimen was submitted to and

its determination verified by him.)

TACHYSPHEX GRACILITARSIS, Saunders

Described in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1910, Part 1V.

16 2 9. Biskra, 30. v to 9. vi, 98. F. D. M.

Although the 2 @ were so abundant, I do not seem to

have taken any $2, and I had very nearly the same

experience in the same locality with the allied species

ponzeri, The 29 are of course larger and more striking

104 fe F. D. Morice on

insects than their partners ; and it may be that, finding

them simply swarming on Ammuz visnaga, I unconsciously

limited my captures to what appeared the finest specimens.

(Or, possibly, the ¢ ¢ of gracilitarsis were “over” at

Biskra before I arrived, but this seems less likely.)

TACHYSPHEX PANZERI, Kohi

Lf 1 9. Biskra- 16-24. iv, 97. ALE,

1 ¢. Médéa, on Centaurea nicacensis (or Scabiosa

maritima ?), 26. vi, 93 A. E. E.

1 g¢. Aine Draham (Tunisie), 22. vi, 96. A. E. E.

22°. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 24. v, 97. A. E. E.

1 9. Biskra, on Mitraria tridentata, 21.v, 97. A.E. E.

2 ft, 12. Bone, on Salsola kali, 19. and 20. viii, 97.

2 ta 9. Bone, S00. -wit, (975) VAS Woe:

From Mr. Eaton’s notes I gather thatthe eyes of the f f

were generally bright or yellowish green ; those of the ? 2

darker, bluish or sea-green (glaucous).

89 9. Biskraa.v—7. vi, 98: FS DOM

1 2. Constantine, 15. vi, 98. F. D. M.

TACHYSPHEX PANZERI, var. ORANIENSIS

1 2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 30.v, 97. A. EB. E.

TACHYSPHEX PANZERI, var. DISCOLOR

1. Biskra, 20 av, 97.) A: BOB,

Dt Biskran ivy 96.) 0b. ), M.

TACHYSPHEX VESTITUS, Kohl

1 g. Biskra (“‘ Hammam es Salahin on the sandhills”),

boy, Oi AEE,

1.0; sBiskiras2 0); 498.;, ch’. .,.M.

Mr Saunders has a note in the margin of his list as

follows :

“The ¢ specimen of this species was named for me

by Kohl himself. The 2 which I associate with it resem-

bles the ¢ in the dense silvery (in some lights more or

less golden) pubescence which so clothes the head, thorax

and propodeum that the sculpture is invisible. The vertex

between the eyes is about equal to the length of the 2nd

joint of the flagellum. The abdomen (which is broadly

banded with silvery pubescence), and the legs are entirely

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 105

clear testaceous. The front metatarsi with a comb of

seven long pale spines, the two basal ones shorter than

the others.”

TACHYSPHEX PSAMMOBIUS, Kohl

1 . Constantine, “ visiting Hehiwm caeruleum,” 16, v. 95.

A. E. E.

TACHYSPHEX CAPITALIS, Saunders }

Described in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1910, Part IV.

Oe Biskra: 9! vir 98.0" FD, M,

TACHYSPHEX PIAGETIOIDES, Saunders

Described in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1910, Part IV.

io. Biskray 12>vi.98..- Ho. MM.

TACHYSPHEX, sp. ?

3 $2, probably belonging to one species, and unde-

scribed ; but without the other sex, and possessing as they

do no striking characters, it seems impossible to deal with

them satisfactorily.

Biskra, 6.—12:'v, 98. F. D. M.

TACHYSPHEX, sp. ?

A single f with the antennae evidently deformed.

Biskra, 14: vy, 98.2 2. D.: M.

ANCISTROMMA EUROPAEA, Mercet

19. Azazga (at an altitude of 1600 feet), 22. ix, 93.

A. E. E.

This species, and also the Genus to which it is referred,

are very recent additions to the Palaearctic Fauna. Both

were introduced along with a second species (A. maligna)

by Sefior Mercet in February 1910. Mr. Eaton’s specimen

was taken some years before the earliest capture yet re-

corded of a Palaearctic Ancistromma, and is also (I believe)

the only one hitherto recorded as occurring elsewhere than

in Spain. Previous to 1910 the genus was known only

as North American ; and it was first established (by W. J.

Fox) in 1903—the same year in which Mr, Eaton made

his capture! (Cf. Kohl Die Gattungen der Sphegiden,

Genus 38.)

106 Rev. F. D. Morice on

PROSOPIGASTRA MORICEI, Mercet

Described in Boletin de la Real Soc. espanola de His..

nat., July 1907, from one of the specimens here recosded..

The species is so like P. laevior, described by myself in

1897 from Egypt, that neither Mr. Saunders nor I had

considered it distinct, and, in fact, I sent it to Sefior Mercet

as a “duplicate” of laevior. In Mr. Saunders’s MS. list.

it still bears the latter name, but I think he had not

seen the specimens since the description of moricei was

published. The ? 2, both of /wevior and moricei, are still

unknown; the chief difference between the ? 9 lies in the

form and sculpture of the “area pygidialis” (vide figs. 2

and 3 in Mercet’s Paper).

4 2 2. Constantine, 16.-18. vi, 98. F. D. M.

PROSOPIGASTRA INSIGNIS, Saunders

Described in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1910, Part IV.

The species, or at least the type-specimen here recorded,

is quite startlingly larger than any of our other Proso-

pigastra spp. !

Le. Biskra, Vivi, 98: “B.D: M.

GASTROSERICUS MORICEL, Saunders

Described in Trans. Ent. Soc., /. e.

1/o) Biskray 7 ive 98ou H, 1). IM.

DINETUS SIMPLICIPES, Saund.

Described in Trans. Ent. Soc., /. ¢.

4 fg f. Bone, 4. vi, 96. A. E. E.

Mr. Eaton notes as to these specimens, “Eyes tinged

towards the orbits in front and behind with brownish,

this colour leaving the middle lateral space (from the jaw

upwards) olive-greenish, and intersected subvertically by

a movable dark streak that slants downwards towards the

lower end of the posterior orbit.”

ligfste Vari hi, iy96:. (A. 1. Wis)

DINETUS DENTIPES, Saund.

Described in Trans. Ent. Soe., /. ¢.

320.4, 1 9... Biskra, BOsiv,.94 Ac HE:

“ Aoile and difficult to net. . . . They rest on the sand,

with antennae porrect and close together, Often near

- Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 107

Cynodon dactylon, and beside hummocks of Limonrastrum

guyonianum.” (A. EK. E. MSS.)

8 a4. Biskra, 6. and 9. iv, 97.. A. E. E.

LAPHYRAGOGUS PICTUS, Kohl

1 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 6. v, 98. F. D. M.

I think I took at least one other specimen, but gave it

away very soon. The same species has occurred to me at

Cairo, but only 2. The Z, if I mistake not, is still

unknown.

PALARUS HUMERALIS, Duf.

2f 2,19. Médéa, on Hryngium triquetrum. “ Kyes of

f reddish-brown,” 27. vi and 10, vii, 93. A. E. _

5 a & 499. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, 19. v—22. vi, 97.

ee 1? &. Biskra, 0) vo. vi, 9S. °F. DD: M.

PALARUS LEPIDUS, KI].

The synonymy of the smaller Palarus spp. is much

confused, and Mr. Saunders appears to have had some

doubt what to call these specimens.

They agree entirely with Egyptian insects in my collec-

tion which were determined for me by Herr Kohl as

lepidus. I did not find this species in Algeria myself;

probably I left before it had appeared.

1 f. Médéa, on Lryngium triquetrum, 29, vi, 938. A. EK. E.

1 2. Médéa, on Lryngiwm triquetrum, 28. vi, 93. A. EH. E.

12 Aine Kriar, 22. vi, 96. A. E. E.

PALARUS SP. ? (aetus, K1., sec. E. Saunders)

Mr. Saunders considered this to be a 2 of laetus, K1., of

which, according to Herr Kohl i. litt., Aistrio, Spin., is a

synonym. As I only know f f of laetws (taken by myself in

Egypt and determined by Kohl), I cannot say for certain

that this is not its 2; but I am more inclined to think

that it belongs to the species next to be recorded whose f

was taken in the same locality (Biskra), and in general

appearance agrees extremely well with it. (I believe that

laetus is only recorded from Egypt, though it is quite

likely that it may occur algo in Algeria.) But it must be

admitted that the present insect agrees perfectly with

108 Rev. F. D. Morice on

Klug’s description of /aetus , except that the antennae

cannot, I should say, be called “fusco-annulatae.”

1 2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga. “Eyes bluish-ash,”

8. wil; OF. Ae:

PALARUS DISPUTABILIS, n. sp.

3d. P. laeto, K1., fere omnibus notis similis: sed forma segmenti

ventralis 2", pyg ae et seutelli, certe (ut opinor) distinctus.

Antennae pedum que bases vix conspicue infuscatae. Scutellum

totum flavum, magis transversum quam in laeto, forma trapezoidali,

antice quam postice multo latius. Segmenti ventralis 2" pars

apicalis callose quidem assurgens, sed leniter ac sensim, haud (ut in

laeto) a latere visa in formam tuberculi magni subquadrati elevata.

Abdomen apice haud “ tridentato,” sed potius uni-mucronato (angulis

lateralibus pygidii non dentiformibus, sed omnino obtusis vel rotun-

datis ; apice medio solum in mucronem satis longum producto).

Segmenta abd. dorsalia 1-5, quodque ante flavedinis suae apicem

utrinque maculam minimam curvatam, vel potius impressionem,

tenuem sed distinctam, plus minusve decoloratam, spiraculo haud

dissimilem, exhibet: cuius rei in P. laeto ne vestigium quidem

invenire potui.

Oculi (nune quoque, hoe est post duodecim annos !) colore omnino

alio atque in laeto; scilicet rufo-brunneo suffusi (in laeto potius

virescentes).

Scapi antennarum antice flavi (in /aeto obscuri).

Long. cire. 8 mm.

The above characters appear to me amply sufficient to

distinguish disputabilis ¢ from laetus ¢. Unfortunately

the most important of them relate to points of structure

in which the sexes differ, and cannot therefore be used to

ascertain their respective ? 9.

Two of them at least, however, viz. (1) the feeble dis-

coloured impressions at the side of each abdominal yellow

fascia (looking like a row of spiracles down each side of

the dorsum) and (2) the transverse trapezoidal form of

the scutellum and its entirely yellow colour, appear in the

Q just mentioned, and called by Mr. Saunders laetus 9.

On this ground, and also on account of its complete

general resemblance to disputabilis 2, and its occurrence

in the same locality at a slightly later date in the season,

I believe it to be the @ of the latter.

(I ought to say that in /epidus also, though not in laetus,

I can see indications of spiracle-like impressions in the

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 109

yellow abdominal fasciae, but they are not nearly so

noticeable as in the insects now under consideration.)

1 ¢. Biskra, 6. vi, 98. F. D. M.

(2.19. Biskra, 8. vit, 97. A. E. E. Vide above.)

Nysson BRAUERI, Handl.

1 2. Le Tarf, on Foeniculum vulgare, 26. vii, 96. A. E. E.

1 f,2 29. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 23. v—19. vi, 97.

E. E.

‘1 ft Biskra, 27. v, 98. F.D. M.

I cannot find any records of the capture of this insect

since it was described by Handlirsch from a single $ (taken

at Sétif, Province of Oran) in the Vienna Museum. My

specimen was determined by Kohl.

The ? is therefore, I suppose, undescribed. As might

be expected, its structural characters (like those of the 2)

connect it closely with scalaris. The antennae, however,

and also the scutellum with the adjoining posterior corners

of the mesonotum, and the apex of the pygidial area are

fulvous or yellowish (not black); and the latter area

appears somewhat more strongly and regularly punctured.

The silvery tomentum, characteristic of many desert

species, is very conspicuous in these insects. The carinated

frontal tubercle seems to me to be quite identical in the

two forms. In fact, I can see nothing except colour and

pubescence-characters to distinguish them,

NyYSSON EPEOLIFORMIS, var. DITIOR, var. nov.

I am not sure but that this form has as good a claim

as brauert to be described as a distinct species. It ditfers

from typical epeoliformis very much as brauert from

scalaris. The antennae are not infuscated except at their

extreme apices. The whole pronotum, nearly the whole

of the mesopleurae, the whole scutellum and postscutellum,

and a great part of the propodeal spines are yellow, and

the abdomen is principally of that colour, none of the

fasciae being interrupted, and only those of segments 2

and 3 being incised (triangularly) at their bases. Its

puncturation and rugulosities (propodeal, ete.) appear

weaker and shallower than in epeoliformis ~ f from

Albania; but the difference is slight, and in all main

points of structure it agrees with the latter so exactly

that I cannot convince myself of its specific distinctness.

110 F. D. Morice on

(In one specimen the 2nd and 3rd cubital nervures are

exactly confluent on the radius, in the other they are

separated by an exceedingly small interval—about equal

to the thickness of the radius itself.) The quadridenticu-

late clypeus is exactly that of epeoliformis.

Zio id biskra; Ol y.98. 1D: Me

NYSSON, sp. ?

19. Médéa, 29..vi, 93. A. EH. E.

19, Bone, 10. vi, 96. iA. HE, E.

1 9. Philippeville, 20. v, 98. F.D. M.

This is perhaps undescribed, but I think it better not

to give it a name, especially as I have a suspicion that it

may be the other sex of a new Spanish % kindly com-

municated to me by Sefior Mercet. In size and colour it

resembles dimidiatus, but is much more strongly punctured,

the antennae (at least beneath) are distinctly pale, and

the collar bears two transverse oval spots of yellow which

are conspicuous and quite similar in all three specimens.

NYSSON ERUBESCENS, n. sp.

1 g. Biskra, 24. v, 98. A- E. E.

1 9. Biskra, 4. vi, 98. F. D. M.

This species, | think, must be new. In colour it seems

very nearly, though not in every detail, to resemble

rufus, Hdl. of which the author only knew the . But

in structure it appears to be altogether unlike that species,

having a distinct though small tuberculation between the

antennae, a different form of 2nd ventral segment, and

a perfectly normal 9 pygidial area.

Rufo-testaceus, argenteo sericans ac partim pilosus, capite et

sternis nigris, propodeo (¢) et abdominis dorso (¢ et 2) plus

minusve nigricante vel nigro (in @ solum lateraliter). Flavent

antennarum fulvescentium bases antice, mandibulae in . medio,

clypeus, pronoti fascia subinterrupta basalis, tegulae alarum, pedumque

fulvescentium tibiae cum genubus externe. Segmentum abd. dorsale

1™™" macula magna utrinque flava, segmenta 2-4 fasciis angustis

flavis ornata, his in @ vix, in ¢ latius interruptis. Spinularum

propodealium apices albidi.

Tempora pone oculos satis longe distincte marginata. Frons inter

antennas quasi in tuberculum elevata et plus minusve rufescens.

Antennae in ¢ subclavatae articulo ultimo curvato ac truncato,

penultimis 2 simul sumptis parum breviore. Segmentum ventrale

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 111

2""" basi truncatum potius (sed obtuse) quam simpliciter rotundatum :

segm. ventralia subapicalia fimbriis nullis. Pygidium ¢ bidentatum

vel bispinosum, 9 simplex (haud ut in rufo quasi-bidenticulatum),

Collaris anguli apicales bene definiti, in Q etiam acuti.

Puncta corporis subcoriacei mediocriter densa ac crassa.

Alae anticae venae cubitales 2 et 3 in radio haud confluentes, sed

inter se fere tantum distantes quantum cellulae 2° apex a radio.

Area analis alae posticae paullo post originem cubiti terminata.

Long. circ. 6 mm.

ALYSON RATZBURGI, Dhlb.

2224, 1 §. Constantine, visiting Thapsia garganica

17. and 18. v, 95. <A. E. E.

DIDINEIS NIGRICANS, n. sp.

1 g. Biskra, 24. v, 98. F. D. M.

Species D. crassicorni, Hdl.,statura parva, antennarumque articulis

penultimis latitudine sua haud longioribus, similis et affinis. Differt

tamen articulo harum ultimo simpliciter curvato et elongato (haud

contorto) fere ut in D. lunicorni sed evidenter crassiore : item clypeo,

orbitis oculorum, scapis antennarum, tegulis alarum, tuberculisque

humeralibus flavedine omnino carentibus; facie inferne non

argenteo—sed potius pallide aureo—pubescente ; segmentis que

abdominis basalibus haud distincte rufis, sed poene totis nigris,

tantum marginibus ipsis valde obscure rufescentibus.

Clypeus evidenter tridentatus. Vertex politus, fere impunctatus,

Thorax cum abdomine toto superne subtilissime punctatus, et

inconspicue breviter pilosus. Puncta abd. segmenti 1™ sparsa sed

distineta, reliqui corporis densiora. Abdomen infra pilis longis

sub-pilosum.

Long. 5 mm.

This # seems clearly to stand nearer to crassicornis than

to lunicornis, but to be in certain respects intermediate

between them. Itseems far too small to be the 7 of either

wustnet or pannonica, since Handlirsch puts the length of

their 22 at 9-10 mm. and 9 mm. respectively. These

species are only known from the north part of the Balkan

district (Dalmatia, Hungary), and it is perhaps not very

likely that they should occur in Algeria.

It must certainly be a close ally ‘of erassicornis, but the

differences indicated above appear to me sufficient excuse

for treating it as specifically distinct.

It differs from any Didineis yet described in not. having

112 Rev. F. D. Morice on

the base of the abdomen red, but whether this character

is specific or individual must be decided by means of

further captures,

GORYTES RHOPALOCERUS, Hdl.

1 &. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 21. v, 97. <A. E. E.

GORYTES SAHARAE, Hdl.

1 &. Biskra, on Deverra chlorantha, 13. v, 97. A. E. E.

1 @. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 30. v, 97. A. E. E.

The ¢ I believe is undescribed. It is exceedingly like

rhopalocerus, but differs from it (as does its 2) in being

considerably more strongly and deeply punctured and in

having all the hind tarsi conspicuously annulated at

their apices with black. (In rhopalocerus there is no black

on any of them except the claw-joint !)

Mr. Saunders in his MS. alludes to these specimens, and

also that which I call rhopalocerus, as “rufinodis?”. But I

feel sure they are to be separated and named as above

(cf. Handlirsch’s Supplement to his Monograph).

hujfinodis is an astern form, and not (as yet) known

except from the Araxes-valley in Armenia.

GORYTES GAZAGNAIREI, Hdl.

1 ¢. Sidi Ferruch (on coast to west of Alger), 8. v, 93.

A. E. E.

1 ¢. Constantine, visiting Thapsia garganica, 18. v, 95.

A. EK. E.

1 g. Bone, on Mentha rotundifolia, 10. viii, 97. A. E. E.

1 9. Philippeville, 20. vi, 98. F. D. M.

GoORYTES FAIRMAIREI, Hdl.

2 ¢%. Constantine, visiting Ferula communis, 14-22, v,

Ob PAUSE,

1 ¢. Bone, on Huphorbia helioscopia, 4. v, 96. <A. E. E.

I found this little-known species quite abundant in both

sexes, always on Merula, at Hammam-bou-hadjar (Province

of Oran) in April 1910.

GORYTES PLEURIPUNCTATUS, Costa

2 $f. Constantine. “ Both asleep, standing on all their

legs, with wings half open, and chins rather tucked in,

fully exposed—a few inches apart—on a leaf of

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 113

Athamantha sicula...in an old quarry,” 31. v, 95,

A. E. E.

1 & Bone, 23. v, 96. A. E. EB.

None of these males have the antennae simply black

except the yellow scape (cf. Handlirsch Mon.), but quite

fulvous beneath and nearly so above until the last 3 or 4

joints, which ave black practically. (On this account Mr.

Saunders’s. MS. queries them as “ pleuripunctatus?”. But

I have similar ¢¢ determined by Kohl and Schmiede-

knecht, and the character seems to vary indefinitely in

different specimens.) In one specimen only the sides of

the propodeum are marked with yellow, and this is the case

also with an Oran ¢ in my collection.

GoRYTES (HARPACTUS) LAEVIS, Latr., var. (?)

Lf 1 2, Biskra, 13. and 16.;iv, 97... -A.H. E.

I give the name with a note of interrogation because I

have reason to think that Mr. Saunders referred these speci-

mens to pulchellus, Costa. Apart from descriptions the latter

species is not known to me for certain. But I am quite

convinced that the present insects are only a form (closely

resembling in some points that described by Radoszkow-

sky under the name morawitzi) of the widely-distributed

and variable species to which I here assign them.

The yellow markings are exactly as in normal laevis,

except that the Ist abd. segment is immaculate. The

vertex behind the eyes, the whole dorsal surface of the

thorax, except the black middle area of the propodeum,

and the base of the abdomen are red.

Having compared these insects with many specimens

of laevis from other Mediterranean countries, I find no

character of structure or sculpture on which to separate

them. But they are rather small (cire. 54 mm.) and differ

from all my other specimens in having the hind tibiae and

tarsi not fuscous but clear testaceous, segm. 1 entirely

red, and segm. 2 mostly of that colour, but banded or

spotted at its base with black, and with a yellowish-white

apical fascia dilated at its sides exactly as in normal

laevis.

(Handlirsch, perhaps on Shuckard’s authority, makes

laevis not only acommon Palaearctic, but even a British

insect. This, I think, is a mistake. But its range is

certainly very wide. It has been taken by Saunders on

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PARTI. (MAY) I

114 Rev. F. D. Morice on

the coast of Brittany; by myself in Spain, South France,

Greece, Anatolia, Syria, and Egypt; and it was found by

Handlirsch himself in Algeria, though in a variety differ-

ing considerably from that here recorded. If the present

form be thought to require a distinguishing name, I would

suggest “ pyrrhobasis, var. nov.”)

GORYTES (HARPACTUS) DELICATULUS, n. sp.

A very small, brightly-variegated species; no doubt

nearly allied to laevis, pulchellus, ete., and especially to the

latter. The extent of red on the abdomen is unusual—it

is not confined to the basal segments, in fact it occupies

the discs at least of all the segments. Its white markings

also are very copious—they occur on every segment but

the last. The ocellar region and the middle of the meso-

notum are black, but otherwise even on the head and

thorax there is very little black except on the under-side.

And the generally pale appearance of the insect is made

paler still by the silvery pilosity which, as in other desert

species, clothes it more or less densely all over. Unfortu-

nately this pilosity conceals the fine sculpture (punctura-

tion, rugulosity, etc.) of certain areas (especially the pro-

podeum) so that any “characters” that may exist in it

are made practically unavailable. I have looked in vain

for any special peculiarity of a structural nature in these

insects, but their general appearance seems unlike that of

anything yet described. (In Mr. Saunders’s MS. list they,

appear as “sp. ?”.)

Caput antice lacteum fere totum, superne nigrum, postice (pone

ocellos) dilute-brunnescens temporibus fusco-maculatis. Pictura

facialis lactea vel albida fere usque ad ocellum anticum ascendit,

parvoque intervallo excepto spatium inter oculos totum oceupat,

In thorace albida sunt vel pallide flava—pronotum paene totum,

mesonoti areae laterales cum tegulis alarum et parte pleurarum, scu-

tellum,postscutellum, et propodei maculae 2 magnae laterales. Abdo-

men usque ad apicem pallide-testaceum, segmentis nonnullis partim

nigricantibus (sed parcissime !), apicibus omnium (excepto ultimo)

albido-fasciatis, fasciis latis et, ut videtur, semper integris. Antenne

pallide fulvescentes, superne plus minusve infuscatae, basi antice

albida. Pedes colore simili, fusco plus minusve distincte lineati vel

maculati, tibiis tarsisque vel totis vel antice saltem albidis. Corpus

argenteo-sericans pilosumque, ita ut sculptura integumenti non facile

dignosei possit, Clypeus simplex, apice lenissime late emarginato,

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 115

Vertex fere planus (certe haud tumidus !). Ocelli utriusque postici

distantia et ab ocello antico et ab oculo fere eadem (scilicet diametri

sui longitudini subaequalis!), Antennae ¢ normales, articulis

omnibus longioribus quam latioribus, forma fere simplici.

Long. 35-5 mm.

1 gf. Biskra, “Eyes sap green,” 30. iv, 94. <A. E, E.

12.1 9, Biskra, 9. iv,97. A. EE.

KOHLIA COXALIS, Morice

3 ¢ 2. Biskra, on Amz visnaga, “ Eyes glaucous or sea-

green, 24. and 5£.v, 97. A. E. E.

3 2 4. Biskra, 31. v and 6. and 9. vi, 98. EF. D. M.

24 2. Biskra,.o, and 9. yi; 98. B.D. M.

STIZUS TRIDENS, F. var. ?

The 2 have the clypeus and labrum more or less

largely marked with yellow, whereas Handlirsch says of

tridens , “Facies semper omnino nigra.” Notwithstanding,

I believe these insects belong to that species. Saunders

in his MS. list refers them doubtfully to cyanescens, Rad.

But with the latter as described by Handlirsch they agree

neither in puncturation nor pilosity. Apart from the

yellow ? clypeus, ete., they seem to me absolutely normal

tridens; and I may say that I have a 2 from Palestine,

determined by Herr Kohl as ¢ridens, in which though the

labrum is black, and the clypeus mostly so, there is a

small patch of yellow on the latter (towards the apex of

its longitudinal diameter).

I do not know whether the ordinary form of tridens &

has been recorded from Algeria. There is none such

among Mr. Eaton’s captures, and I did not find the species

there at all.

2 ff. Bone, on Luphorbia paralias, “eyes dark greenish,”

Bevin, OF. A. Hy B.

2 f f. Bone, “ visiting Homopterous blight on Jamar,”

9. vill, 97. A. E. E.

5 29. Bone, on sandy ground, 6.viii, 96, 2. ix, 96, 26. vii,

oy. A. K, E.

1 2. Médéa, on Lryngium triquetrum, 10. vii, 93. A. E. EH.

5 22. Le Tarf, on Foeniculwm vulgare, 24, and 27. vii.

po. A. EL E. : ;

299. La Calle, burrowing in sand “near the water’s

edge,” 4. and 15. vii, 96. A. E. E.

1 9. Biskra, visiting Tamaria, 21. iv, 97. <A. E. E.

cae

116 Rev. F. D. Morice on

STIZUS ACANTHOMERUS, 0. sp.

Tridenti, F., simillimus et affinis ; pictura simili, sed pallidiore

(subvirescenti-lactea), et paullo ditiore, (Scutellum fascia magna

continua vel interrupta, postscutellum fascia continua semper

ornatum. Abdominis fasciae omnes continue, fascia segm. 1™

postice haud emarginata.) ¢ antennis ut in tridente constructis,

ventre inermi. facie semper flavo-picta.

A tridente propter notas sequentes certe distinctus—(a) Ocelli

postici ab oculis evidenter minus quam inter se distant. (b) Anten-

narum insertiones a clipeo area frontalis oblonga bene definita (lati-

tudinis suae dimidio haud (g) vel non multo (9) brevior) separat.

armantur (fere ut in S. meridionali) spinula wna erecta nigra.

(d) Corpus minus hirsutum, pilis brevioribus et, ut videtur, mol-

lioribus plerumque minus erectis. Punctulatio thoracis concinnior,

aequalis, subtilissima, densissima, sine punctis maioribus conspicwis.

(e) 2 praeter corporis flavedinem ditiorem distinguitur statim

antennis pedibusque nigredine omnino carentibus (solum nonnus-

quam leniter rufescentibus). (f) ¢ tibia postica fortius incrassato-

dilatata sed minus spinosa (spinulis saltem brevioribus).

624,299. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 18.80. v, 93.

A, E. E.

3 2. Biskra, on Deverra chlorantha, 13.v,97. A. E. E.

1 f. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 14. v, 97. A. E. E.

3224. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 19. and 21. v and 19.

vi, 97.) Al Rak.

8 ff. Biskra, 18. v—4, vi, 98. FD) M.

11 9 9. Biskra, 20. v-11. vi, 98. F. D. M.

STIZUS DISCOLOR, Handl.

1 9. Biskra on Ammi visnaga, 18. v, 93. A. E. KE.

224,329. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 24. v-22. vi, 97.

K. E

‘733,59. Biskra, 30. v-9. vi, 98. F.D. M.

STIZUS MAYRI, Handl.

19,19. Azazga, on Mentha, “altitude of about 1420

ft; 13, vi, 93.0 A... EK,

4 $. Le Tarf, “on sandy ground,” 17. vi, 96. A. E. E.

The ? seems to be undescribed. Comparing it with

peregrinus § I find no distinguishing structural character

whatever, and even the coloration is almost identieal—

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 117

only the abdominal fasciae appear wider, through being

much less widely and deeply bi-excised in front. (This

makes the two sexes superficially more similar than in

other related species (peregrinus, gazagnairer) where the ¢

is generally a more brightly-coloured insect than the 9.)

(Mr. Saunders’s MS. alludes to another ? “ Near Médéa,

alt. about 3180 ft., burrowing in sandy soil about 1 p.m.

15. vii, 93, A. E. E.,” but I cannot find this specimen in

his collection, and do not know what has become of it.)

STIZUS GAZAGNAIREI, Handl. (?)

1 2. Constantine, 15. vi, 98, F. D. M.

I am somewhat doubtful about this determination,

partly because of the date of the capture, and partly

because the specimen is a little (but only a very little)

more highly coloured than any of a series of 2 2 before

me which are certainly gazaynairei, taken by myself-with

their males at Hamman Bou Hadjar (Province of Oran) in

April, before any other Stizus had appeared. In this

specimen the clypeus is entirely yellow, and the legs show

no black markings between the extreme bases of the

femora and the unguiculi, while in all the Oran 2 ? the

former has a black central spot at its base, and the latter

vary considerably in the extent of their infuscation but

are never quite immaculate. Still I do not know what

else it can possibly be, and its abdominal fasciae are

abbreviated at their sides, and that on segm. 5 reduced to

a mere central spot, exactly as in normal gazagnairei. It

seems not impossible that the brighter coloration of the

Constantine specimen may be a consequence of its appear-

ance at a later date, or to some climatic difference between

East and West Algeria; but it is perhaps rash to theorise

about a single specimen which may after all belong to

some distinct but cognate species. Several forms of this

Group and those near to it have their f f abundantly

distinct, but their 2 2 almost indeterminable when they

occur in isolated specimens apart from the other sex; (cf.

Handlirsch’s Synoptic Tables of the 2 2 passim !)

STIZUS ZIBANENSIS, 0. sp.

In Mr. Saunders’s MS. these specimens are listed as

meridionalis, Costa, but that species is not otherwise

represented in his collection, and though its description

118 Rev. F. D. Morice on

suits them in the main point, viz. that the 8rd ¢ ventral

segment bears a tooth, it appears to me that they have

structural characters which distinguish them from the real

meridionalis, Of the latter I have several specimens, but

unfortunately ¢ ¢ only, from 8. Italy (Taranto) and Corfu.

All these, besides being darker insects, with narrower

abdominal fasciae, than zibanensis and very much more

black on the legs, differ from it in at least three points of

structure, viz. the hind femora have a definite and fairly

long ante-apical spine (in z2banensis there is only an

extremely short black tooth—more like a minute tubercle

than a spine !—), the hind tibiae are simple (in zibanensis

they are somewhat paradoxically compressed and twisted

slightly in the middle, so that in a particular point of view

both their lateral outlines appear distinctly sinuated

inwards between their bases and apices); and finally the

7th ventral segment is “inerme” (Handlirsch) in mert-

dionalis, while in zibanensis its extreme apex forms a tooth-

like projection, much as in discolor, which is distinctly

visible when the insect is viewed in profile from either side.

Mr. Eaton was so fortunate as to capture a 2 together

with one of his ~~. It completely agrees with their

rather bright coloration, and is therefore probably dis-

tinguishable “at sight” from meridionalis 2, which, accord-

ing to Handlirsch, would seem to resemble its own J, and

therefore to be darker than the specimen before me.

¢. Antennis fere ut in meridionali constructis ; segmento ventrali

3'° dentato (dente plerumque minore magisque incurvato, sed et

forma et magnitudine variat!) 7™ apice dentiformi, angustato ac

reflexo. Femora postica ante apicem haud spinula setiformi, sed

dente nigro vel tuberculo brevissimo instructa. Tibiae posticae in

medio singulariter compressae ac leniter quasi contortae, propterea

marginibus ambobus ut videtur intus sinuatis. Pictura opulentior

quam in meridionali, fere omnino utin gazagnaire: §. Flava sunt—

facies sub antennis tota: collaris margo posticus cui tuberculis

humeralibus: tegulae alarum etiamque mesonoti margines his adia-

centes: scutelli maculae 2 magnae triangulares: postscutellum

totum : abdominis segmentorum 1-6 dorsalium fasciae apicales latae

integrae (etiam in ventre plus minusve conspicue continuatae) ;

fascia 1™ postice late ac leniter semel emarginata, reliquis bi-excisis

ac propterea tri-lobatis. Fulva vel testacea—segmenti dorsalis 7™

macula magna apicalis: antennae (superne leniter infuscatae) :

pedesque (exceptis coxis trochanteribus que nigris)

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae, 119

Q. Pictura mari simillima: sed facie supra clypeum, etiamque

segmento abdom. ultimo fere usque ad apicem ipsum, nigris.

Caput antice latius (minus rotundum) quam in peregrino, fere ut in

kotschyi sec. Hand]. in Monogr. VI, Tab. iii, fig. 2

4 is é 1 2. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 29. and 30, iv, 95.

Fe Biskra,:7. and 20:-y, 98; F. D: M.

STIZUS TRIDENTATUS, Fabr.

12. De Tarf, on Foeniculum vulgare, 24. vii, 96

A. E. E.

1 9. Aine Draham (Tunisie) on Centaurea, “ altitinde

from about 2700 to 3300 ft.,” 21. vu, 96. A. E. E.

1 ¢#. Constantine, 15. vi, 98, F. D. M.

STIZUS MELANOPTERUS, Dhlb.

1 f. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, “ visits also Nitraria tri-

dentata and Statice pruinosa. Eyes red purple.” 24. v,

94. A. EK. E.

1 9. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga. “Eyes brown purple.”

25. v, 93. A. E. E.

124,499. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 30. iv, 95 and 21.

We vino, A. th, Ei.

Pa biskra, 20) y, 98. EB. DM.

STIZUS CRASSICORNIS, Fabr.

1 f. Biskra, “near Railway kilom. 198.” 17. v, 94.

A. EH. E.

Toe biskre, 14 -v lo vi, 93. . BF. 1. M.

6 79. Biskra, 20. v—7. vi, 98; Hf. D. M.

STIZUS KLUGI, Smith

14,299. Biskra, 20. and 26. v and 3. vi, 98. F. D. M.

The ¢ has the 2 apical segments and a streak at the

apex of segm. 5 testaceous; “the ° 2 have only obscure

indications of that colour on segm. 6.

STIZUS POECILOPTERUS, Handl. (= fasciatus, Kl. nec

Fabr.)

1 gf. Biskra, on Amini visnaga, 22. vi, 97. A. E. E.

This is a remarkable and interesting capture. As the

f is unrecorded, and the 2 known only from Ambukob! in

120 Prev. F. D. Morice on

Ethiopia, Mr. Saunders’s determination of it was inevitably

conjectural; but the insect clearly belongs either to that,

or to some nearly-related species as yet unknown at any

rate to the Palaearctic Fauna, such as calopteryx, Handl.

(from India). It may be desirable, therefore, to give some

description of its main characters. (Its general appear-

ance is quite that of atropical,rather than ofa Mediterranean

insect. )

Comparing it with Handlirsch’s Analytic Tables one

arrives without hesitation at the dichotomy calopterys or

poecilopterus, but there hesitates because the former is

called “Species orientalis,” and the latter (‘Species

africana”) has the propodeum red, while in this specimen

the “triangular area” at least is black! Such a character,

however, cannot be thought to be conclusive: and even if

it holds in the $ ?, the ¢ may differ.

The head is more or less like those of melanopterus and

tridentatus, the eyes converging somewhat similarly, and

the apex of the clypeus folded in at its sides, so as to

embrace the labrum, as in those species. But the clypeus

appears decidedly less elongate; and the eyes approach

much nearer to the posterior ocelli—the interval being

much less than that which separates the latter from the

anterior ocellus, or from one another. The neuration is

just as in the above species (1st cubital cell very narrow

above, etc., etc.). The insect is entirely without yellow

markings, and is black only in the neighbourhood of the

ocelli, on the triangular area of the propodeum, and (more

or less dilutely) on some of the dorsal abdominal segments.

Its general colour varies between two reddish shades, one

lighter, the other darker. The antennae are subclavate,

the 3rd joint hardly as long as the two following together,

the apical joint about as long as the 12th much curved and

sharply truncate. The head round about the ocelli is

rather tumid and glabrous; but below these swollen areas,

the face is somewhat impressed, and covered with beautiful

silvery flat-lying hairs. The convex clypeus is separated

from the bases of the antennae by a subtriangular “ tecti-

form” area (so raised centrally as to appear carinated).

The pronotum is almost without sculpture; the mesonotum

closely and rugosely punctured, the scutellum finely and

sparsely so; the propodeum has much larger punctures,

very sparse in the middle, but becoming dense and even

rugose on the sides. Behind, the propodeum is not

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 121

rounded off, but ends in a very sharply-defined truncation

the corners of which are angular or even tooth-like,

depressed and then reflexed, with a curiously jagged or

denticulate outline. The triangular area is large, well

defined, and bisected by a shallow linear impression.

The colour of the wings is the most striking of all its

characters. At their bases they are clear hyaline up to

the points at which the veins begin to branch and form

“cells.” The wpper wings only are clear along a part

of their apical margin, viz. from the apex of the radial cell

to that of the vein which André calls “ nervure posterieure.”

The rest of their extent is occupied by a most conspicuous

dark fascia, with a sharp, nearly straight, interior margin.

It is umber-brown by transmitted light, but by reflected

light exhibits a most beautiful blue and purple iridescence,

which contrasts quite startlingly with the clear glassy basal

areas adjoining it.

STIZUS GRANDIS, Lep.

1 gf. Biskra, on Ami visnaga, 15. vi, 97, A. E. F.

1 2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 25. v, 97. A. E. E.

STIZUS TRICOLOR, Hand.

LO; hf. Bislera, dy ito 25. v,/98.... B.D. M.

5 2 9. Biskra, 16. to 25. v, 98. F..D. M.

I have little doubt that I am correct in this identifica-

tion. Most of the ¢ f agree in every respect with Hand-

lirsch’s description of one of the two % ¢ (from Syria and

Cyprus) on which alone he based it, viz. that in which

the yellow band on the 2nd abd. segment was entire.

The rest are in all main characters exactly similar, but

exhibit one or other of certain slight differences in colour

which, I feel certain, are individual and not specific,

e.g. the propodeum may show either more or less of yellow

than in Handlirsch’s types, and in one specimen is black

entirely; the apical abd. segment also is narrowly streaked

with black longitudinally in one specimen, more broadly

so in another, and in two black altogether.

The 22 were taken along with them, and evidently

belong to them. All the specimens (ff and 2? 9) have

the basal segment of the abdomen distinctly red, and the

yellow bands on the following segments uninterrupted

and exceedingly broad. In the 2? the yellow markings on

122 &.... F. D. Morice on

the propodeum invariably unite into an entire arcuate

(or semicircular) band—this is the case also with one at

least of the ¢ ¢—and the apex of the abdomen is invariably

a little rufescent.

Having carefully considered all Handlirsch’s descriptions

of the species assigned by him to the fasciatws-group

(rufiventris, niloticus, etce.), and examined in the light of

them the structural characters (puncturation, J antennae, )

as well as the colour of the wings and body in these

insects, I can find nothing to which they seem likely to

belong except tricolor. Characters of the latter which are

conspicuous in them are the rather strong yellow staining

of the wings, the dark violaceous-brown cloud over their

radial area, and the clear exterior and inferior margin ;

also the even thoracic puncturation, the narrow posterior

and broad anterior, yellow edging round the eyes, and to

judge from Handlirsch’s figure (Plate II, 10) the form of

the apical joints in the ¢ antenna.

I believe that the following specimens, which are all

¢ ¢, may safely be referred to the same species. Certainly

they now look very different from it; but only, I believe,

because their original coloration has been completely

altered by the effects of cyanide. In all of them, the red

and yellow markings of normal ¢ricolor alike on thorax

and abdomen are represented only by slightly-differing

shades of sordid brownish orange. The pattern, however,

of these markings seems to be the same as in ¢ricolor ;

and, curiously, the yellow on the face (clypeus, etc.) is

very little affected, though even here, occasionally, it

inclines slightly to become rufescent.

3 $2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, “ eyes reddish purple-

brown, 18. and 25. v, 93.. A. E. E.

2 2 f. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus and Nitraria tridentata,

‘“‘ Hyes purplish brown,” 24. v, 94. A. E. E.

(One of these is very small and dark, with the basal

abd. segment practically black, and the band on the

second segment interrupted. But I think it is only an

aberration.)

2 ¢. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, “Eyes brown,” “ Kyes

brown agate,’ 29. and 30. iv, 95. A. E. E.

1 ¢. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 24. v, 97. A. KE. E.

2 $f. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, ‘ Eyes light red-purple,”

25.¥, and 22.:v1, 07. A. Hel

5 fg. Biskra, 14. to 24. v, 98. Fi.D. M.

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algertu: the Spheqidae. 123

(It is odd that the cyanide, while reddening the yellow

tints, seems to have had exactly the opposite effect on the

ved—expelling it and leaving the surface yellowish! In

certain lights, however, a slight difference in colour

between the (originally) red and yellow areas can be

recognised ; though there is no longer such a positive and

striking contrast between them as is apparent in fresh

specimens.)

STIZUS HYALIPENNIS, Handl.

if biskrao ok. vy, 9o.,,8. D. M.

The ¢ has unluckily lost both antennae, so I cannot

appeal to their characters to support this identification.

But the colour, and unclouded wings, seem sufficient

evidence.

STIZUS MARTHAR, Handl.

1 ¢. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 24. v, 94. A. E. E.

1 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, “ Eyes greenish, or

glaucous,” 30. v, 93. <A. E. E.

2 - 2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 17. and 30. v, 97.

A, E. E

3 at Biskra, 28. and 31. v and 6. vi, 98. F. D. M.

6 29. Biskra, 14. v to 3. vi, 98. F. D. M.

STIZUS TUNETANUS, Costa

ee Biskts, 24) ¥,98. FA DEM

STIZUS ARENARUM, Handl.

1 gf. Biskra, “about 8.30 a.m., “ Kyes olive-green,’

Bs, WL, Gos, A. E. E.

i pt Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 29.iv, 95. A. E. E,

1 #2. Biskra,14. v to 6. vi, 98. F. D. M,

38 22. Biskra, 25. v and 6. and 9. vi. 98. F. D. M.

STIZUS RAPAX, Handl.

1 g. Biskra, on Amini visnaga, “Kyes light yellowish

green or olive-green,” 28. v, 94. A. E. E.

1 9. Biskra, among Tamaric near the barrage. ‘“‘ Hyes

very light yellowish olive-brown.” 30. iv, 97. A. ELE.

-sVGig fo. Biskray 122 y¥) to:20,.v,98.. FD: M.

124 Rev. F. D. Morice on

STIZUS FULIGINOSUS, KI.

1 2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 31. v, 93. <A. E. E.

294,429. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 28. v to 22. vi,

Die Avie Er

2 od. Biskra, 23; ¥ and 6, vi, 98. -F)/M.

The wings in one of Mr. Eaton’s $f are discoloured in

a very singular manner. The infuscation has vanished

entirely from the middle of every “cellule,” but remains

persistent at their edges. Consequently every nerve and

vein appears thickened and blurred ; as though one should

make a pen-and-ink sketch of the neuration, and dry it

hastily with imperfectly absorbent blotting-paper! This

seems to have happened before, and not after, the death of

the insect.

SPHECIUS INTERMEDIUS, Hdl.

1 ¢@. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 29. v, 9

1 2. Biskra, on Amma visnaga, 26. v, 9

1 2: iBiskra; 20\sv.- 08:08 1: IME

My 2 was determined long ago by Herr Kohl as prob-

ably the undescribed 2 of intermedius. Mr. Eaton’s 9

agrees with it, and his f answers to Handlirsch’s description.

(The apical sinuation of the last antennal joint below is

so slight that it might easily be overlooked, and the joint

supposed to be sinuated once only !)

This 9—still, I believe, undescribed—is coloured just like

the g, and has the upper wings similarly clouded along

their upper margin (more narrowly and indefinitely than

in hemixanthopterus described below). The antennae

have their scapes flavous in front, black behind; the

flagellum is fulvous simply at its base; but towards the

apex the colour grows more and more dusky, and the apical

and two penultimate joints are practically quite black.

The orbits of the eyes are very narrowly yellow. The more

apical yellow fasciae on the abdomen are scarcely visible

in Mr. Eaton’s dreadfully discoloured 9,in my own they

are bright and well defined, those on segments 1 and 2

are largely interrupted, that on segment 3 narrowly so,

the rest continuous (though, in certain positions only,

they Jook interrupted), those on segments 4 and 5 are

bisinuate on their basal margins (but much less deeply so

than in S, /wniger), and that on segment 3 incloses a little

Ayo) Ay ie

4. A.B. E.

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 125

black spot. On the thorax the collar, tegulae, and

humeral tubercles alone show any trace of yellow.

SPHECIUS HEMIXANTHOPTERUS, Nh. Sp.

3 f$fand 19. Biskra, 27. v-9. vi, 98. F. D. M.

This and the next species agree in most structural

characters, and also in certain details of coloration which

seem to be constant in both sexes, and which do not seem

to characterise any of the species yet described from

Palaearctic localities. The yellow fasciae of the abdomen

above, which (as in wljanini, Rad.) are extremely wide

and almost or quite continuous on all the segments, are

ornamented with a series of little oval spots or specks

(black in the ¢ 4%, reddish in the $$) on segments 2-5.

The spots stand out conspicuously in the middle of the

yellow spaces surrounding them. On each segment there

are two of them, one on each side. On segment 1 they

are wanting, but instead—at the same distance from the

sides of the segment—the basal margin of the yellow

fasciae is interrupted by a little punctiform or linear

incision, as though the blackness or redness at the extreme

(declivous) base of the segment had just a little “ over-

flowed” on to its yellow disc. The phenomenon is so

similar in both species, that at first I did not doubt they

were identical; but the characters given below make me

certain that they should be distinguished. (Cf. the

description following of claripennis, n. sp.)

The 2 of hemixanthopterus is extraordinarily like that

of uwljanini as figured by Radoszkowsky, and redescribed

from the type by Handlirsch; but the character just men-

tioned does not seem to occur in wljanini, and there are

other differences which I shall note below. Uljanini f is

unknown.

Species in utroque sexu singularis alarum discis brunnea quadam

flavedine infuscatis quae cellulam radialem, cubitalesque 1™™ et

2"“"non autem 3"*™ !—occupat.

¢. Antennarum fulvescentium articuli 2 penultimi basisque

ultimi subinfuscata : artic. ultimus in medio fortiter ut in nigricorni

semel flexus (infra haud bisinuatus !). Metatarsi intermedii ut in

antennato (non ut in nigricorni). .

Pictura opulenta. Flava sunt facies tota sub antennis cum

oculornm orbitis interioribus latis: mandibulae (exceptis apicibus

nigris) ; collaris margo posticus : mesonoti latera cum tegulis tuber-

126 Rev. F. D. Morice on

eulis que humeralibus: pedes que (exceptis coxarum basibus).

Scutellum in exemplaribus hisce omnibus rufescit potius quam

flavet: postscutellum omnino nigrum est. Segmenta abdominis

dorsalia aut tota flava sunt, aut flavo-latissime fasciata, flavedine in

medio non aut vix interrupta, sed in segmentis 1™ et 2% antice

plus minusve emarginata vel excisa. Segmenti 1™ basis declivis

tota nigra, etiamque incisurae duo punctiformes in ipso margine

fasciae segmenti huius flavae. Segmentorum 2-5 fasciae flavae una-

quaeque utrinque ante apicem suum punctum quoddam vel guttam

nigram subovalem transversam includit. Pilositas corporis albida.

Q. Mari similiter sed multo opulentius picta. Nigredo fere

omnino deficit, vel in colorem rufum transit. Antennae usque ad

apices testaceae (nusquam obscuratae) scapis antice flavis ; facies tota

flava. Vertex inter ocellos posticos rufescenti-flavo biguttatus.

Occiput in medio et pars temporum pone oculos colore simili.

Mesonotum lateribus basique in medio flavis, etiam in disco utrinque

vitta lineari rufa ornatur. Flavent quoque collare totum, meso-

pleurae (mesosternum vero nigrum !), scutellum, postscutellum,

propodei pars basalis, abdominisque fasciae (ut in ¢) latissimae, sed

segmentorum 1 et 2 bases, itemque series supra descriptae macu-

larum ovalium flavedine inclusarum in segmentis 2-5, rufae sunt

(non nigrae).

Long. g 15-17 mm., 9? 19 mm.

SPHECIUS CLARIPENNIS, n. sp.

Ae Sle Oe Biskra, all on Ammi visnaga, “eyes light

yellowish green,” 18. v to 18. vi, 97. A. E. E.

Big el 2. Biskra, 26. v, 98. F, D. M.

6 fg. Biskra, 25. v to 3. winiess') EDM.

The males are very like those of the last species, but

seem to be on an average rather larger. They are easily

separated by having entirely fulvous antennae, bright

yellow (not reddish) scutellum,* and the bases of the

abdominal segments more widely black, the yellow fasciae

consequently being reduced so much as sometimes to

encircle the black oval side-spots only behind, and later-

ally allowing them to become confluent with the blackness

at the base. These mere colour-characters by themselves

might seem unimportant, and those of the abdomen are

subject to variation within certain limits—in fact in some

* Unless darkened by cyanide as in some of Mr, Eaton’s speci-

mens, in which case the other yellow markings are reddened also.

In all mine the scutellum is distinctly yellow.

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 127

specimens all the black ‘side-spots are surrounded with

yellow entirely. But they are associated (in both sexes)

with a character which I think more important, viz. in

elaripennis the wings are entirely unclouded, in hemixan-

thopterus always strongly clouded, and to exactly the same

extent in all my specimens. The only 2? among my ten

captures is coloured precisely like the $7, and therefore

very differently from hemixanthopterus 9. Mr. Katon’s

2 was evidently similarly coloured in life, but has suffered

much from cyanide. (The resemblance between these

species and our commonest forms of Vespa, e.g. vulgaris

and germanica, is really quite extraordinary, but of course

entirely superficial.)

d@ antennarum flexione apicali et metatarsi intermedii structura

hemixanthoptero affinis, illis vero ante apices haud infuscatis et

articulis evidenter magis elongatis.

Pictura in ¢ et 2 paene eadem. Flava sunt, facies sub antennis

tota cum mandibularum parte basali et oculorum orbitis interioribus:

collare, tegulae, tuberculi humerales, macula (haud magna) meso-

pleuralis, latera mesonoti, scutellum, striga transversa postscutell,

segmentum abdominis apicale totum, et reliquorum segmentorum

fasciae fere ut in hemixanthoptero g sed inter se nigredine basali

segmentorum magis evidenter separatae. Fascia segm. 1™ con-

tinua, 2" distincte quamvis anguste (per vittam nigredinis) in

medio interrupta, reliquorum incisae quidem plus minusve profunde

sed tamen continuae. Segmentorum 2-5 fasciae flavae maculam una-

quaeque utrinque nigram vel totam, vel saltem lateraliter posticeque,

includunt. Pedes flavi, vel partim subrufescentes. Antennae in

utroque sexu usque ad apicem testaceae, scapis flavo pictis. Caput

postice, thoraxque infra nigra. Abdominis venter niger flavo-

fasciatus, fasciis plus minusye angustatis atque interruptis, apice

toto flavo,

Long. ¢ 15-20 mm., 9 22 mm.

SPHECIUS, sp. ?°

lite dniskia," 25; yy 98s", Wad. M,

This specimen is no longer in my possession. I gave it

away without keeping note of it, and the above record is

quoted from the “ Hymenopteren-Studien” of Dr. W. A.

Schulz, who states that it has found its way into the

Strassburg University Museum.

Dr. Schulz considers it to be a form of antennatus, Klug ;

but his very careful and detailed description of the speci-

128 Rev. F. D. Morice on

men leads me to a different opinion, I think it must be a

duplicate of the $f described above as claripennis, n. sp.

As Dr. Schulz points out, previous records of antennatus

are limited to the eastern parts of the Palaearctic Region

(from Turkestan to the Balkan peninsula, and nowhere on

the African side of the Mediterranean). Again, from all

that I can make out, antennatus (of which I possess only

a single { specimen* and the Saunders coll. another), is a

species of very constant coloration, with far less of yellow

either on thorax or abdomen than any of my claripennis

specimens or than the insect described by Dr. Schulz.

Handlirsch, after examining 20 specimens of antennatus

from many localities, has satisfied himself that the long

apical joint of the f antenna with its inferior margin bi-

sinuate is a constant character of antennatus; whereas in

Antennatus

Hemixanthopterus ie caL

Claripennis qeayite a.

claripennis and in the specimen now in question (vide

Dr. Schulz’s description) the apex of the antenna is con-

structed otherwise, viz. nearly as in nigricomis. The two

antennatus ff before me quite answer in this respect, as

well as in colour, to Handlirsch’s statement; and in the

absence of positive proof that the antennal character is

variable, I should hesitate to discard the conclusions of so

accurate and experienced a systematist as Handlirsch. In

the present state of our knowledge, or rather ignorance,

as to the possible variations of structural and other char-

acters in Sphecius, and the precise distribution of nearly

all its recorded forms, I think it safest to act on the

hypothesis that two forms from widely-separated locali-

* This specimen, I ought to say, was taken by myself at Syracuse,

and therefore at the extreme western limit of the recorded range of

antennatus.

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 129

ties, with definable colour-differences, and obviously dis-

similar apices to the g antennae, are in all probability

really distinct; and that, for the present at least, it is

safest to call them by separate names.

The accompanying figures, or rather “silhouettes,” of

the apices of the f antenna in antennatus, hemixanthopterus,

and claripennis (placed as nearly as I can manage it in

the same position and viewed from beneath) are obtained

by photography from actual specimens in Saunders’s and

my own collections.

BEMBEX BARBARA, Hdl.

2 29. Near Médéa (alt. 2980-3000 ft.). 29. vi, 93, on

Eryngium triquetrum, and 12. vi, 93, on Centaurea

caleitrapa. <A. EK. E.

2$2,629 (one of the latter a dwarf !). Constantine,

i6Pand 17.71, 98. F. D: M.

BEMBEX GALACTINA, Duf.

1 ¢. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 25. v, 93 (“afternoon”).

A. E. E.

Me do 2S. Biskray 7. wv to 9. -v31,,98. 7 F Di M.

Handlirsch (Mon.) mentions this species as unknown to

him. Mr. Saunders identified the A. E. E. ¢ from com-

parison with a specimen sent to him as “ galactina” by

M. Vachal. The $f by Handlirsch’s Table work out as

pallida, Rad., but they cannot be that species, as (apart

trom colour-differences) the intermediate femora have

rather long, sharp and quite conspicuous “ spinulae ” on

their inferior margin. Dufour’s description, as far as it

goes, suits them, and his type was an Algerian insect (from

Ponteba). Mr. Eaton has a note, “ EKyes subolivaceous,

light markings of the thorax and abdomen ashy blue.”

(In the latter character, however, there seems to be con-

siderable variation—some specimens having also a distinct

tinge of greenish yellow—much as in chlorotica, which

galactina superficially a good deal resembles.)

BEMBEX BRUNNERI, Hdl.

1 2. Biskra, on Echinops spinosus, 8. v, 97. A.E. E.

839,429. Biskra, 16, v to 2. vi, 98. F. D. M.

Determined with the help of Egyptian specimens named

for me by Handlirsch.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PARTI. (MAY) kK

F |

130 Xev. F, D. Morice on

BEMBEX ROSTRATA, F.

1 gf, 19. Médéa, on Hryngium triquetrum, 29. vi, 93.

K. E

322,329. Le Tarf, 23. vi, 96. AEE.

It will be seen that this common European species did

not occur to either Mr. Eaton or myself at Biskra. (Its

coloration is perhaps ill adapted to desert surroundings.)

BEMBEX MEDITERRANEA, Hdl.

Many 2¢ 2 of this common species were taken by Mr.

Eaton and myself from April to August, but curiously

only one @ (on Zizyphus lotus, at Biskra, 30. iv, 95.

A. E. E.).

af occurred on Scabiosa iotundifolia at La Calle in

July, on Nitraria tridentata at Biskra in May and April.

Also at Hippdéne (“by the railway ”) and at Bone (“along

the sands by the sea”).

BEMBEX DAHLBOMI, Hdl.

1 f,2 29. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga. “ Kyes of f sap-

green, of 2 greenish blue. Thorax with light yellow

stripes on black ground . . . abdomen light ashy blue.”

hSsand 25. y.98.0 Acwbe Be

2 £4. Biskra, oly, Os., AL Be i:

1 2. Between Tizi Ouzou and Azazga, 13. vi, 93. A. E. E,

2.4 ¢ and 1-2) Biskra, iw to LO: wi. 98) «BME

BEMBEX RADOSZKOWSKYI, Hdl.

1 f. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga. “ Eyes light bluish ash,”

20.%; 900 A. H.W,

224. Biskra, 31. v, 98. F.D. M.

I have taken the same form exactly in Egypt (det.

Kohl).

BEMBEX OCULATA, Latr.

Mr. Eaton took both sexes (dating from April to October)

in various districts, and I (at Biskra) 7 22 (an May and

June), but apparently no f &.

The following plants are recorded by Mr. Eaton as

visited :—Lryngium triquetrum and Mentha rotundifolia

(Médéa), Ammi visnaga (Biskra and Hippéne), Zizyphus

lotus and Echinops spinosus (Biskra), Scabiosa rotundtfolia

(La Calle), Znula viscosa (Constantine).

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 131

MISCOPHUS GALLICUS, Kohl

1 g. Médéa, 27. vi, 93. A. E. E.

MISCOPHUS EATONI, Saunders

1 f, 12. Biskra (‘‘near Kilom. 199”), 9. and 14. ini, 95.

A. EH. E.

MIscoPHUS HANDLIRSCHI, Kohl

1 9. Biskra, “by the river above the barrage amongst

Tamariz,” 21. iv, 97. A. E. E.

2 99. Biskra, 25. iv and 9. v, 97. A. E. E.

SOLIERELLA (SYLAON) COMPEDITA, Picc.

1 g. Biskra, “ by Oued, Biskra, above the barrage amidst

Tamarix and amongst Cynodon dactylon, on sandy ground

loose on the surface,” 16. v,97. A. E. E.

(?) 1 §. Biskra, 19. v, 98. (A Sylaon ; but perhaps another

species?) F. D. M.

TRYPOXYLON SCUTATUM, Chevr.

1 2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 19. vi, 97. A. E. E.

TRYPOXYLON ATTENUATUM, Smith

1 f. Bone, on Chlorophora tinctoria, 3. vii, 97. A. EWE,

1 % Bone, on Rubus discolor, 13. viii, 97. A, E. E.

1 gf. Constantine, 10. xi, 95. A. E. E.

2 fg. Alger, 4. iv, 98. F. D. M.

OXYBELUS LAMELLATUS, Oliv. (= arabs, Lep.)

Mr. Saunders called this sp. “ arabs, Lep,” and no doubt

it is so. But it is the species identified by Herr Kohl as

lamellatus, and as that name has priority, I use it. The

Algerian specimens are exactly like others from Egypt

determined for me by Kohl, and one of my Biskra captures

also bears his ticket ‘ Jamellatus, Oliv.”

1 g. Biskra, “amongst Tamarix,” 30. iv, 97. A. E. E.

1 2. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, 28. v, 94. <A. E. E.

1 ee 5 29. Hippéne, on Ammi visnaga, 12.-15. viii, 96.

A. E

5 ey 1 . Bone, “Common along the coast. . Fond

of settling to Haak on black or dark- eoiated clea”

14. ix, 96 ‘and OVEN OC...) Ax Bs Hi,

K 2

132 Rev. F. D. Morice on

1 g. Médéa, 26, vi, 93. A. E. E.

1 f. Constantine, on Atractylis gummifera, 1. x, 93.

A. BK. KE.

32. Biskra, 14, 16. and 30. v, 98. F.D. M.

99.0. Biskra,.2he Ws, Do. sD. ME

OXYBELUS 14-NOTATUS, Jur.

224,399. Biskra, amongst Tamarix, 7. iv-19. v, 97.

E. E.

‘1 ft, 1 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 13. v, 93. and 28. v,

94, A. EK. E.

1 3,529. Hippone, on Ammi visnaga, 12-15. vin, 96.

E. E

13,19. Le Tarf, on Foeniculum vulgare, 26. vu, 96.

A. &. E.

842. Biskra, 14., 17. and 26. v, 98. 2..D.M.

3 9 9. Biskra, 11., 14. and 16. v, 98. F. D. M.

OXYBELUS AFRICANUS, Kohl

1 f. Biskra, amongst Tamaria, 2.v,97. A. EK. E.

1 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 27. v, 97. A. HK. E.

2.94. Biskra, 4.v, 98. F. D. M.

3 9 2. Biskra, 14, and 23. v, 98. F. D. M.

OXYBELUS PUGNAX, Oliv.

Some specimens are much darker than others, answer-

ing, as far as colour goes, to the descriptions usually given

of nigripes (e.g. those of Gerstaecker and Marquet). But

they have all the strong puncturation of pugnax, and I

think all may safely be so called. (One of my captures

was determined as pugnax by Kohl.)

1 9. Hippdne, on Ammi visnaga, 10. viii, 96. A. E. E.

39 9. Biskra, among Zamarix (two very dark, one

quite the reverse !), 4.iv and 1.v,97. A, E. E.

4 $2. Alger, 22.-30. iv, 98. F. D. M.

1S) Biskra, 14.9, 98. Doe.

OXYBELUS MELANCHOLICUS, Chevr. ( = analis, Gerst., nec

Cress., sec. D. T.)

1 ¢. Biskra, 14. v, 98, F. D. M.

19. Alger (det. F. Kohl ‘‘analis, Gerst.”), 30. iv, 98.

OXYBELUS BIPUNCTATUS, Oliv.

1? Biskra, amongst Tamaria, 29. iv, 97. A. E. E.

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Sphegidae. 138

OXYBELUS, n. sp. ?

224. Biskra, 4. v, 98. F. D. M.

These specimens were submitted to Herr Kohl soon

after capture, and determined by him as “n. sp. near elegan-

tulus.’ But as one has since lost its abdomen, and the

other is evidently much discoloured by cyanide, I think it

better not to attempt a description, and therefore leave

the form unnamed.

BELomicrus opscuRus, Kohl

1 2 (det. auctor !). Bone, visiting Sedum cacruleum,

10. vi, 96. A. E. E.

299. Biskra, 7. and 11. v, 98. F. D. M.

BELOMICRUS ODONTOPHORUS, Kohl

12,7929. Biskra, “on sand amongst Cynodon dactylon

and Tamarix,” 15.-20. iv, 97. A.E. E.

1 3,1 (det. auctor !). Biskra, 14. v, 98. F. D. M.

243,19. Biskra, 14. v, 98. _F. D. M.

22%. Biskra, 20. v, 98. F. D. M.

CraBro (BRACHYMERUS) 5-NOTATUS, Jur. (= trochanterieus,

H. Sch.)

1 9. Azazga, 17. ix, 93. A. E. KE.

299. Béne, 14. v and 1. vi, 96. A. EH. E.

1 9. Hippdne, 16. v, 96. A. E. E.

CRABRO (SOLENIUS) HYPSAE, de Stef.

19. Alger, on Magydaris tomentosa, 5. v, 98. A. E. E.

1 2,19. Constantine, on Thapsia garganica, 19. v, 95.

A. E. E.

529. Le Tarf, on Foeniculum vulgare, 24.26. vu, 96.

A. E. E

1 Q. Bone, on Euphorbia paralias, 31. vii, 96. A. KE. E.

1 g, 1 9. Hippone, 15. viii, 96. A. K. E.

12,1. Bone, on Chlorophora tinctoria, 3. and 12. viii,

OF.) As BOE,

1 2. Constantine, 17, vi, 98. F. D. M,

CRABRO (SOLENIUS), sp, ?

Mr. Saunders has left this unnamed, It is like the

Jast, but larger and much more pilose. In structure and

sculpture it appears to me most like meridionalis, Costa,

134 Rev. F. D. Morice on

but the abdomen in both sexes is practically unicolorous—

black. (There is no meridionalis in Mr. Saunders’s col-

lection, and I believe it was unknown to him. My own

specimens from Greece and Turkey in Asia have just

been returned to me under that name by Herr Kohl, and

comparing them with the present insects, I can find no

difference except in colour. Hence I suspect, though I do

not venture to say positively, that specifically they are

identical.)

1 Z, 1 9. Constantine, on Ferula communis, 17. and 22.

v,95...A. KE.

CRABRO (THYREUS) CLYPEATUS, F.

Ate, Biskra, 16sand. 25. v;.98..) oD: MM,

4 OO: (Biskra, 10. and) 23.01v. 989 1 AON,

1 g. Constantine, 16. vi, 98. F. D. M.

All these specimens have been determined for me by

Herr Kohl. Mr. Eaton has taken what appears to me to

be the same form exactly, but Mr. Saunders seems to have

had a doubt on the subject, for his MS. has a note in

pencil, “n. sp. nr. clypeatus.”

The localities, etc., for these specimens are as follows—

1 g,1 9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 3. vi, 98 and 15.

v97,, Ay HE:

Aft, 422. Le Tarf, on Foeniculum vulgare, “sexes

taken in cop.,” 24. and 26. vii, 96. A. E. E.

CRABRO (CROSSOCERUS) ELONGATULUS, Lep.

222,299. Biskra, on Euphorbia guyoniana, 22. iti,

94. A. EK. E.

124,19. Constantine, “f on Leballium elateriwm, 2

on Ferala scabra,” 30. ix, 93. <A. E. E.

1 9. Alger, 9. i, 93. A.E. E.

1 2. Béne, 14. v, 96. <A. E. E.

3 fg. Alger, 4.,15.and 21. iv, 98. F. D. M.

CRABRO (LINDENIUS) SPILOSTOMUS, Kohl

1 . Constantine, on Oenanthe fistulosa, 7. v, 95. A. E. E.

CRABRO (LINDENIUS) HANNIBAL, Kohl

1 f. Constantine, visiting Thapsia garganica, 17. v, 95.

A. E. E

Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria: the Spheqidae. 135

229. Hippdne, on Ammi visnaga, 10. and 15, viii, 96,

A. E. E.

Pare os] Biskra, 14) v, 98... F: D. M.

CrABRO (LINDENIUS), n. sp.

a0) 04 Biskra.S; and 20: iv, 97: A. H. HE.

I do not name or describe these specimens, as they will

be dealt with ere long in Herr Kohl’s nor now preparing

on the Crabronidae.

( 186 )

VI, Lxperiments in 1909 and 1910 upon the colour-

relation between lepidopterous larvae and pupae

and their surroundings. By ELIZABETH BRIDGES.

Communicated by Prof. E. B. Poutron, D.Sc,

M.A.,. F-R.S., ete

[Read November 2nd, 1910.]

I. Experiments on the larva of Uropteryx sambucaria.

Il. Transference experiments on the same.

III. Experiments on the pupa of the same.

IV. Note on some experiments on the larva of Odon-

topera bidentata.

V. Notes on the apparatus used.

I. Kuperiments on the larva of U. sambucaria,

The following experiments were undertaken with the

object of finding out to what extent the close resemblance

of certain lepidopterous larvae to their surroundings is

due to the adaptive power of the individual. — Prof.

Poulton * has already shown that several species (notably

fe. crataegata, A. betularia, O. lidentata, G. quercifolia,

etc.) do possess in a remarkable degree the power of

assuming the colour of their surroundings, and in the

summer of 1909 he kindly gave me some eggs of Sam-

byucaria, and suggested that I should test this’ species in

the same way. "The results of the experiments show that

it 1s one of the most sensitive hitherto investigated. I

will briefly describe the experiments, before giving the

details in tabular form.

As is well known, the larvae of most Geometers feed

only at night, and spend the day motionless in a twig-

like attitude on the woody part of the food-plant, which

in many cases they closely resemble, Prof. Poulton found

* Trans. Ent. See, Lond,, October 5, 1903, and December 1892 3 }

and “Colours of Anijals, " Lond., 1890, pp: 121, wz.

TRANS. ENT, $00, LOND. 1911.—PART |, (TAY)

Miss E. Bridges upon lepidopterous larvae and pupae. 137

that the larvae are only influenced by the colour of the

twigs on which they rest, or of those quite close to them,

and in the experiments here recorded, all were kept alike

in clear glass cases with white roof and floor, the only

difference being in the colour of the few sticks placed

among the leaves of the food-plant.

The eggs, about 130 in number, were all laid by the

same moth, and hatched between August 14 and 16, 1909.

They were introduced into the different environments

within a few hours of hatching. The environments were

as follows :—

A. Slips of white wood painted crimson with water-

colour.

B. Black twigs of birch.

C. Slips of white wood. (The wood not a dead white,

but the cream colour of common deal.)

D. White wood painted a pale green with water-

colour.

E. Dead sticks of oak covered with grey- lichen and

green powdery alga.

The food-plant employed was elder (Sambucus nigra).

The larvae proved to have only various shades of black,

brown and cream at their command. On the pale green

sticks (D), they became cream-coloured, on the red (A), a

reddish-brown ; on the lichen-covered sticks (E) no lichen-

like markings appeared as in the experiment on bidentata

(see p. 144), but the larvae became a rich black of the

same colour as the bark, and were most inconspicuous.

Their sensitiveness showed itself rather in the swiftness

and completeness with which they adapted themselves to

the black and white environments (B and C), On the

first day (August 21) that any were noticed on the black

sticks, four became black on the back (they were distinctly:

darker than any of the other sets), and three days after

this all but two were completely adapted, 7.e. were indis-

tinguishable in colour from the sticks. Those on the

white sticks took some time to get rid of all traces of

their dark markings: the first signs of the “bleached ”

appearance were not noticed until 12 days after they.

began to use the sticks (September 2): all but one were

adapted in 2] days (on September 11). Notes were taken

every three days with the exception of the first week.

Those between September 29 and Qctober 11 are omitted

ag n9 change was then recorded.

Miss Elizabeth Bridges wpon colowr-relation between

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lepidopterous larvae and pupae and ther surroundings. 139

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140 Miss Elizabeth Bridges upon colowr-relaticn between

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“6061 NI SLva

lepidopterous larvae and pupae and their surroundings. 141

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lemdopterous larvae and pupae and their surroundings. 143

Il. Transference experiments.

In order to find out to what extent the larvae were

susceptible after hibernation, some were taken from the

black surroundings in B, and given white sticks as in C.

In the same way some were taken from C and put into a

case containing black sticks. The results are best shown

by a table. One curious point is that the white sticks

produced their full effect sooner than the dark ones,

whereas in the experiments on the early stages the reverse

was the case.

TABLE II.

DATE IN Bl cl

1910. WHITE STICKS. BLACK STICKS,

March 11. | 8 introduced from B. 5 introduced from C.

April 27. | 1 lightest form (as in C). | 2 still as light as C. 1 of

3 nearly light, as C.| thesesmall. 2lightpink-

1 slightly darker. ish brown. 2 smaller

and rather darker.

April 28. | All but 1 as light as C.

This one nearly so.

April 30. | Retwrned to black sticks. All as before.

May 5. 4still as light as C. 1 much |

darker. |

June 13. | No change. All pupating.| All pupating. |

Ill. Eaperiments on the pupa of U. sambucaria.

When the first of the larvae used on the previous

experiments began to spin, all were arranged in various

environments with a view to testing the susceptibility of

the pupae. In the first set (Table III) the larvae were

left in the same environments that they had hitherto

occupied. The results of this set show clearly enough

that when the same conditions are continued, the pupae

are as well adapted to them as were the larvae. What

they do not show is to what period of susceptibility the

adjustment is due. Prof. Poulton thinks that it is effected

just before pupation, and independently of the previous

environment of the larvae. The results shown in Table

144 Miss Elizabet@Bridges wpon colowr-relation between

IV point to an opposite conclusion. The larvae in this

set were those used in the transference experiments : in

the table I have repeated the results of B (Table III) for

comparison,

In the third set, the larvae were placed during pupation

in compartments lined with variously-coloured papers and

leaves. The results, so far as they go, seem to show that

the pupae have a considerable power of adaptation, but as

in this set I omitted to note the previous history of the

larvae (they were taken at random from various environ-

ments), there is no real evidence of the extent to which

the pupal colours are independent of the larval. I hope

to repeat this experiment with more success next year.

TABLE III.

RECEPTACLE. COLOUR OF PUPAE AND COCOONS,

: 2 with no cocoon, 1 darkest form as B, 1 rather

(Crimson sticks). | — lighter.

2 cocoon of old skins, etc. 1 darkest form,

1 rather lighter.

B. 8 hardly any cocoon. Dark brown, smoked

(Black sticks). with black (Figs. 1, 1a).

3 cocoon of bits of leaf. Same colour.

: 6 hardly any cocoon. Cream-coloured with

(White sticks). rather sparing smoky specks and streaks.

2 rather more profusely speckled. 1 in

cocoon of skins, etc., like these (Figs. 2, 2a).

D. 1 slight cocoon, strong ochreous tinge with

(Pale green sight black marks.

sticks), 1 slight cocoon, darkest form.

, 3 no cocoon, darkest form.

(Dark lichen- 2 cocoons of bits of bark, same colour.

covered sticks).

IV. Note on some experiments on O. bident&ta.

In the summer of 1909 I experimented with about 20

bidentata larvae given to me by Prof. Poulton. The

results are not worth giving in detail, as the forms pro-

duced were exactly the same as those already obtained

and described by him.*

* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., October 5, 1903.

lepidopterous larvae and pupae and their surroundings. 145

They were as follows :—

(a) Black sticks painted to a dark crimson produced

bluish-black larvae.

(6) Brown sticks of sycamore painted with white rings

2 2a.

3a.

about 3 mm. wide, and the same distance apart; cream-

coloured larvae with smoky markings on back.

very dark larvae with green and white lichen-like pattern.

(@) Slips of cream-coloured wood : cream-coloured larvae

with slight smoky pattern.

(e) Purplish-black twigs of birch: bluish-black larvae.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART I. (MAY) L

146 Miss Elizabggle Bridges upon colour-relation between

(f) Black twigs of oak with pink spots painted on

them: bluish-black larvae.

(g) Slips of white wood painted with scarlet squares

(length of side about 2 mm.): cream-coloured larvae with

faint smoky pattern (slightly darker than in (7)).

It will be noticed that the twigs painted in geometrical

patterns produced no corresponding effect. The results

of all the experiments seem to show that although the

individual larvae and pupae are able to conceal them-

selves very effectually among surroundings to which the

species is accustomed, they are powerless to effect any

appropriate adaptation to an “artificial” environment.

TABLE IV.

Bis Be yg |

S is 2 6 Qe om

eeESa Ss 50 mi |

a) a =e cay

WHPE. ay Bug ei

& oO z - a Zi AS {

Ae ee Sens a

Hae Ay |) Te tis D PUPAL COLOURS PRODUCED. |

ema Pee He

72OR ° o<s Zz |

Aa me Qa Asa BQ |

5 al tess A Bon p } = |

FS --:-b=) 4 40o% | Fo |

On8m | g | ee | SE

ROm leo Hm |

be < S = | #8 | 5

Bs Role

Black. | Bl. | Bl. — Bl. | 8 with not much cocoon, 3 in cocoon

| of bits of leaf. All very dark brown

| | _ smoked with black.

Black. | Bl. Wh. BL | 2 in cocoons of laef, slightly less smok

| ’ to}

than the last set.

Black. | Bl. | Wh. | Bl. | 2 no cocoon, 2 in leaf cocoons, These |

| 4 of a uniform light reddish brown

| | with very sparing black specks, 1 in

| leaf cocoon, darkest form. |

V. Notes on the apparatus used.

The larvae were kept in clear glass cylinders or lamp

shades, varying froin 8 to 10 inches in height, and from

3 to 5 in diameter. The tops were covered by white

muslin or calico. The floors were of wood covered with

white paper: a hole in each floor allowed the stems of the

food-plant to pass through into a jar of water. As the

larvae became larger, some were transferred to other

cylinders, so that they were never crowded.

The pupae which were not left in their original environ-

ments were tested in cardboard compartments (about

epidopterous larvae and pupae and their surroundings. 147

3 in. deep by | in. wide) with glass fronts, at an angle of

about 45°. Both larvae and pupae were kept in a strong

north light. _

The hut in which the experiments were carried out

was roofed with iron, and was generally a good deal

warmer than the outside air. This probably had the

effect of hurrying on the stages, for the larvae never

attained a greater length than about 1% in.

TABLE V.

RECEPTACLE. COCOON, IF ANY, PUPAL COLOURS.

Black. Scanty. | 1 light reddish brown, 3 |

| | very dark.

Dark green. | 3 cocoons of variouslvy- |

coloured paper and ,

leaf. |

Darkest form. |

White paper. | 2 cocoons of paper 1 darkest form, 1 greyish.

and leaf.

White calico. 1 cocoon of white Lightest form (cream- _

threads, ' coloured).

| Bark and grey | 2 cocoons of bits of Fairly dark.

_ lichen. | paper, ete.

Dead oak 1 cocoon of leaves, Exact colour of leaves |

| leaves. | (Fig. 3, 3a).

os Home>

VII. On the early stages of Latiorina (Lycaena) orbitulus,

an amyrmecophilous Plebeiid “ Blue” butterfly. By

T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S.

[Read November 16th, 1910.]

PLATES XI—XXVII.

NOTHING seems to bave been recorded about the earlier

stages of this species, except Rogenhofer’s record in the

Verw. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien in 1875, until accident afforded

me the opportunity of making some observations in 1908.

Rogenhofer appears to have met with the larvae on the

Stelvio Pass, under stones, when preparing to pupate, and

gives us a very good description of. it, though, as it

happens, without any reference to the one point that gives

this larva its greatest interest, viz. the entire absence of a

honey-gland on the seventh abdominal segment and of the

correlated fans on the eighth.

In the summer of 1908 I found Z. orbitulus ovipositing

on Androsace vitaliana; my experiences are noted in the

Entomologist, Vol. xl (1909), p. 105. Failure in a sup-

ply of the food-plant prevented my getting the larvae

into the 2nd instar. In the following year I followed the

matter up at Arolla, and found that the food-plant there

was Soldanella alpina. I recorded the Arolla observation

in the Entomologist, Vol. xli, p. 221 (1909). The

young larvae I obtained furnished me with one specimen

in the third (hibernating) instar, but this did not survive

the winter, I found, however, that it was without the

ant-attracting honey-gland (and fans) characteristic of the

Blues, and this determined me, if possible, to carry my

observations further. The honey-gland is present in this

stage in all the species that possess it that I have ex-

amined. The question was, did it appear later in orbitulus,

or was it entirely absent ?

Taking into account the habits of growth of Androsace

vitaliana and of Soldanella, I thought that to search for the

larvae in spring on the latter plant was not very hopeful,

whilst the tufted growth of the Axdrosace made the latter

plant one on which the larvae could probably be searched

for with success. The result was that I found myself at

Binn on June 20, 1910. I knew approximately the places

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART I. (MAY)

Dr, T. A. Chapman on Latiorina orbitulus. 149

where the Androsace grew there, and where LZ. orbitulus

had been fairly common two years before.

The weather was chiefly to blame for nothing but some

reconnoitring being done until June 28, when I visited

the Tschampigen Alp (circa 7000 ft.), and with the aid of

my sisters and nephew (Mr. C. L. Milligan) I succeeded in

obtaining over a dozen of the desired larvae.

The smallest found was about 6 mm. long, the largest

14 mm.; 18 mm. seems to be the length of an average

full-grown larva not specially extended.

Several were found somewhat hidden in rather bushy

plants of Gregoria (Androsace) vitaliana, but most were

fully exposed, on or close to the plant, as if sunning them-

selves, though one or two of these were actually feeding

on the flowers. ;

In captivity they will eat the leaves of the plant, but

preferred the flowers, eating enough of the corolla to

enable them to reach the centre of the flower, and they

were seen with their heads buried deeply therein, and

abandoned flowers consisted of nothing but the calyx, the

whole interior having disappeared, probably uneaten

portions of the corolla had dropped off.

In the autumn, before hibernation, the larvae have only

the leaves to eat, either of Androsace or Soldanella, prob-

ably in spring they eat the flowers of the latter plant as

they do those of Androsace.

The larvae obtained at Binn were in the fourth and fifth

(last) instars, except one specimen which was found with

an ichneumon cocoon attached to it; the larva was alive,

and remained so for some time, it was still in the third

hibernating instar, the same stage to which my most

advanced larva had attained in the preceding autumn,

thus showing that I had obtained all the stages, the

relative sizes of the heads of the five instars obtained

being in a series showing none was absent.

The measurements taken of length of head were—

An exactly proportional series

Actual measure. would give

1st Instar ‘18 mm. 18 mm.

2nd ,, oy aa yer

Beds. 73 42 =, <.'} Gomer

Ath ,, ‘GO 4 0 *.;;

5th ,, ‘84s, ‘90

150 iw +. A. Chapman on the

In measuring from preserved specimens, the measure-

ments are as close to the proportional series as one could

reasonably expect.

Already in the first stage the larva, when somewhat

grown, has a colouring approaching that of the full-grown

larva, and in the third stage they are, so far as my few

specimens indicate, quite like the full-grown larva; the

panoply of hairs, lenticles, etc., becomes more abundant

with each moult. A full description of these would be very

lengthy, and not convey as good an idea of the facts as a

few glances at the photographs of the larval skins of each

stage presented herewith. The most notable peculiarity

of the larva in the first instar is the marked development

of the hair of tubercle III. In most Blues III appears to be

represented by two very minute hairs, those that approach

very near to orbitulus as regards this hair are astrarche

and minimus, the latter not a Plebeiid; in these there

seems to be a definite IIJ, with or without a minute hair

point, making up the two that are nearly always present.

I may quote my description taken from the living, full-

grown larva, though this is hardly necessary, with Mr.

Knight's excellent figures to refer to.

“Tt is of a bright, but rather bl uish-green (assuming this to be the

ground-colour), with a brown dorsal stripe bordered on each side

with white, and on the middle of each segment by pink. On the

‘slope’ of each segment, centrally, is a short dark line or patch,

obliquely placed, occupying the hollow above the spiracle. The

obliquity is downwards and backwards, it is conspicuous on the 3rd

thoracic and first 6 abdominal segments, but exists before and behind

this, in most specimens somewhat obscurely.

“ The lateral line along the flange is white, margined above by pink

or pinkish-brown, more or less bright in different specimens, which

graduates into the green slope below the spiracles. Below the white

band is a darker border, shading into the dull olive-green of the

underside. The spiracles are small black points. In one speci-

men, the oblique dark lines on the slope are much extended, and the

colour bordering the dorsal and lateral lines is very broad, so that

the green ground-colour is very restricted; this specimen is young in

last skin and may become more normal later, but cannot wholly do

so (by comparison with fairly normal younger specimens).

“The surface is everywhere furnished with black hair points, not

very closely placed, and from these short black hairs arise, though

without a lens one is inclined to regard the larva as quite smooth,

early stages of Latiorina orbitulus. 151

its very shining and polished skin adding much to or almost causing

this illusion. The head and legs are black.”

The form of the larva is the usual Lycaenid one, up to

14 mm. long and 3 to 4 wide, according to the amount

of stretching out; a trifle wider anteriorly, but of nearly

uniform width from the mesothorax to the sixth abdominal.

The 7th to 10th abdominal are perhaps a little less fused

together than usual in Lycenids. Each segment rises

dorsally into a low arch, and the lateral margin (seen

dorsally) is a series of slight curves. The remarkable

feature of the larva is the absence of a honey-gland.

On July 4 several larvae had suspended themselves

on the side or lid of the box for pupating. The carpet of

silk is slight, the cremastral pad hardly stronger than the

rest of the carpet, and the girth consists of half-a-dozen

threads nearly all separate, and arising from a scattered

base, but connected together near it by a few cross

threads. The whole arrangement is very slight and flimsy

and quite unequal to bear the slightest strain.

As the larva approaches pupation the colours get duller,

the pink almost disappears and the white gets dim. The

brown dorsal line with a little white near it, the oblique

brown dashes of the slope and the brown lateral lines are

all much of a tint. The lateral line is lost on the thorax

(owing to wings beneath) and the thoracic segments,

especially the mesothorax, become larger. The head is

quite sunk in the prothorax, the thorax is nearly one-third

of the total length.

On July 10 the first specimen pupated; immediately

on pupation the pupa is of the same brilliant colours as

the larva at its best, not the dull ones immediately pre-

ceding the change ; the oblique lines are Jost on the thorax,

but the white lateral line, with broad, pink band above

and brown below, is very distinct, even where covered by

the wings, which are quite transparent. After some hours

the thorax and wings become of a bluish-grey (leaden

lavender), the abdomen almost yellow rather than green,

but very pale. The red dorsal line very narrow on thorax,

but spreading along front of prothorax, head colourless

(transparent glassy green). Tracheal nervures of wings

very distinct in the transparent tissue. It may almost be

called hairy, with short white hairs most numerous

anteriorly and posteriorly.

152 DMT. A. Chapman on the

Twenty-four hours later the head, thorax and wings are

very dark, a nearly black-brown, not quite obscuring the

underlying green, the wing veins rather paler, a dark-

ochreous.

The dark dorsal line hardly visible on thorax owing to

the general darkening. On the abdomen the darkening

is not quite so great, so that the brown markings are

distinct on a brownish-ochreous ground-colour, through

which the underlying green is still very obvious. The

abdominal incisions (1 to 6) look double, owing to an

intersegmental subsegment, present as a very narrow raised

rib. The hairs are rather more evident, especially in profile,

of a pale-ochreous tint.

Later the pupa becomes darker, with little distinet

marking except the paler wing venation.

The first imago, ¢, emerged August 9.

On July 1 a larva, apparently still in the hibernating

stage, was found on the Eggerhorn on A. vitaliana, it

rested on top of a small yellow Apanteles cocoon, whose

tenant had escaped from its host on the left side of the

first abdominal segment. ‘The larva lived for a further

ten days. The cocoon gave exit on August 5 not to an

Apanteles but to a hyperparasite. Inthe search for larvae

of orbitulus, several of these Apanteles cocoons were seen,

but were left alone, as their connection with orbitwlas was

not suspected.

There is at least one other parasite of the larva of orbitu-

Jus ; a full-grown larva died and seemed to be hardening,

and supposing it to be suffering from fungus-disease, it was

put in pickle, so as not to sacrifice a better example. On

mounting it, however, it was found to contain an ichneu-

mon well advanced towards maturity. It was further

damaged in dissecting larva before its existence was known.

In the result Mr. C. Morley says in spite of the difficulties

thus put in his way that he has “ little doubt that it is

Cremastus bellicosus, Grav. f, an Ophionid Ichneumon.”

It is obvious, with two parasites detected in my small

acquaintance with the larva, that its being unattended by

ants is not due to its baving no enemies, from whom

ant-protection would be desirable.

The point of great mterest in this species is the absence

of the honey-gland. It belongs to the Plebeiid section of

the Blues, which are generally regarded as the most typical

of the myrmecophilous Blues.

early stages of Latiorina orbitulus. 1538

In order that this fact may be fully demonstrated and

not rest merely on my apse dixit, I present photographs of

the skin of the larva at each stage, and enlarged ones of

the region of the seventh abdominal segment, where the

honey-gland would be, if present. They show, instead,

hairs precisely as in the other segments, or rather in their

proper order as varying a little from segment to segment.

The photograph of the prothorax (Pl. IX) shows the

change in the character of the hair bases at the last moult,

and both show very well the peculiar angular hair of the

late.

. The detailed plates of the pupa-skin show the nature

of the sculpture and armature in different regions, in a

way more easily useful to any one interested than a

prolonged description.

Herr Viehmeyer, who has specialised on the honey-

glands of Lycaenid larvae, has only met with V. (Lycaena)

optilete as a species amongst our Kuropean “ Blues” with-

out the honey-gland, and this only on the basis of blown

specimen in the Staudinger collection. There can be no

doubt, however, that such evidence is quite trustworthy.

It is tolerably certain that pyrenaica, the Pyrenean cousin

of orbitulus, will be found to agree with it in this respect.

The possession of a honey-gland is so universal in the

Blues as to be almost a subfamily character, and one

inclines to search for reasons for including in the

Lycaenines those species usually placed in other sub-

families that possess this remarkable organ. How are we

to explain its absence in these species which are- typical

Lycaenines, and cannot be located by any excuse outside

the subfamily ?

Why they are without it is possibly because they are

such high-level species that few, if any, ants exist in their

habitats; optilete and orbitulus, with pheretes, whose larva

is practically unknown, are the species having their

habitats at the highest level of all the European Blues

(from 6000 to 8000 ft. in the Alps, rarely somewhat

lower, especially in the case of optilete). What the numbers

and activities of ants are at this elevation I do not know;

it is a point that wants investigating.

This may be a “ final cause” for these species wanting

the honey-gland. A more important question is, have

they lost it, or did they never possess it? If they never

had it, then these species must be ancestral to all the

154 ip T. A. Chapman on the

other Blues; if so, it should be possible to find some

characters in common to optilete and orbitulus which make

them less specialised than the others, 2.¢. some further

character than the want of the honey-gland. The only

trace of such a character I know of is that the segments

of the larva 7, 8,9 and 10 abdominal are less fused into

one than in various other Blues, corydon and bellargus for

example. On the other hand, if they once had the honey-

gland and have since lost it, it is difficult to explain how

they have regained the normal armament of dorsal hairs

that disappear at the site of the honey-gland in those

species that possess it.

There is one point worth noting, viz. the structure of

the Adoeagus.

In a short but important note on this structure in the

Plebeiid Blues in the Ent. Record, Vol. xxii, p. 101,

I pointed out that this structure has a peculiar character

in semiargus, optilete, pheretes and orbitulus, placing these

together and separating them from the other sections.

When I made that note, I had no suspicion that it had

any bearing on the present question. How or why

semiargus falls into the group is for the present purpose

a somewhat obscure puzzle, but leaving it on one side, it

places the other three species together, all of which have

a high-level distribution, two of them are without honey-

gland, and it would not perhaps be rash to expect that

the third will be found to be so also, but at present this point

is not known.

These four species have one other character in common,

viz. they are without the basal spot between veins 1

and 2 of the hindwings beneath, a spot rarely absent in

Plebeiids, except in Tutt’s genus Hirsutina.

These facts suggest that these three species are closely

related, and that they are derived from a common ancestor,

who never had, or who lost the honey-gland. Notwith-

standing that they differ in facies, perhaps more than any

other Plebeiids do.

The hypothesis that these species are at the base of

the myrmecophilous species seems much more than

doubtful in at least two respects. The myrmecophilous

Lycaenids belong toa number of different sections, and the

idea that they havea common ancestor in species of one of

these sections, that except in this one respect are fairly

typical numbers of that section, is contrary to our idea of

early stages of Latiorina orbitulus. 155

ancestral species, which must present characters that are

primitive in several directions, and do not belong to one

specialised group. The other difficulty is even stronger.

There are other sections of the Lycaenids which possess

both myrmecophilous and amyrmecophilous species, and

their amyrmecophilous species would be equally entitled to

claim ancestral rank. To keep within Palaearctic species,

the Theclas are largely amyrmecophilous, yet 7. w-albwm

has a somewhat ill-developed honey-gland, whilst Neoly-

caena, Thestor and Callophrys have well-developed glands.

If then these amyrmecophilous species never had a

gland, we are driven to believe that these glands originated

and developed, absolutely de novo, in half-a-dozen, perhaps

a score or more instances. That such a curious and special

organ, not found anywhere else, should appear so many

times over in one group, always with essentially the same

structure and always in the same place, and accompanied

in nearly all cases by the remarkable fans of the following

segment, is altogether in opposition to what we know of

evolutionary processes, and involves too large a draft on

our credulity.

We are driven then to suppose that all the groups,

some of whose species possess these special organs, have a

common ancestry, and that those genera and species within

these groups that are without them have lost them.

How, in this case, can the fact be accounted for that in

the species before us, and no doubt in others (certainly in

the Theclids), the segment that usually carries the gland

shows no trace of ever having possessed it ?

When the honey-gland is present, the special long hairs

(tubercles I and II) of this segment are wanting. There

is, indeed, reason to believe that the honey-gland results

from a modification of these particular tubercles. The

surrounding hairs are also specially modified. In J.

orbitulus the armature of hairs on the seventh abdominal

segment takes its place as entirely in accord with that of

the other segments, and has just the arrangement we

would expect on the hypothesis that it was an ancestral

form that had never had a honey-gland.

The forces available to eliminate the honey-gland in the

absence of ant attendants are considerable. There is the

loss of the constantly necessary selection for maintaining

it, a now useless and indeed wasteful organ must rapidly

degenerate, but there is further a strong selective force for

156 Dr, Toke Chgpman on Latiorina orbitulus.

its abolition in the fact that most educators of Lycaenid

larva have observed that in the absence of attendant ants

the gland secretion is apt to exude and accumulate over

the gland, where it decays and moulds, and infecting the

larva commonly leads to its death. There is also the

pressure of the common inheritance of the abdominal

segments which perhaps deserves a word of explanation.

It will probably require more than this note to make

zoologists accept it as an existing agency, but I have

myself no doubt that it is a vera causa in cases like that

before us.

There is abundant ground for assuming, without going

outside the Lepidoptera, still less citing orders of Annulosa,

more distantly allied, in which the numbers themselves of

the segments vary from group to group, that the abdominal

segments have to a great extent a common inheritance,

and vary together (from species to species). It is probable

in a high degree that this inheritance, which tends to pass

from one segment to another any feature such as the

dermal armament of the dorsal region which we are con-

sidering is in continual action, tending to eliminate the

honey-gland and replace it by an armament similar to that

on the other segments, and that the honey-gland is only

preserved, where it is preserved, by its usefulness, giving it

an efficient selective value.

A long essay would be necessary to show how this

common inheritance, say, of the dorsal dermal armature

of the abdominal segments, may be found enforcing the

uniformity of these structures. Where they differ from

each other there is usually some very special object in

view, but in the mass of Lepidoptera these segments are

identically armed and coloured, yet considering how

various this armature and colouring is in different groups,

it might be expected that a good deal of variety would be

found in the different segments of one larva, much more

frequently than actually occurs, were there not some force

keeping them together. The identical brushes on the

first four segments in Orgyia, the black dorsal pencils in

Acronycta leporina, which vary so much in their number

and size, may be cited as instances where these segments

inheriting one from another is a much more probable

explanation than the only obvious alternative one, viz. a

common response to a common environment.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911, PL XI.

Explanation of Plates. 157

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Prave XI,

Orgyia splendida (Moncayo), dorsal view x 4.

lateral view x 4.

Fig.

” ” ”

L. orbitulus, dorsal view of full-grown larva x 3.

4. 3 lateral view on flower of Androsace vitaliana.

oy) ” ” ” ” ” ” ”

6 BS dorsal view on flower of larva with left side of

thorax abnormal.

Left side of front of same larva, more enlarged and showing

want of markings, the wings (?) are represented by

spiracle-like nodules. This specimen produced an

imago with left wings markedly smaller than right

(regenerated ?).

(See Trans. South Lond. Ent. Soc. 1910.)

Drawings by Mr. E. C. Knight.

Pare? XT.

Fie. 1. Two eggs of L. orbitulus on leaves of Androsace vitaliana

x 10, and empty shell, and one x 50.

2. Eggs of L. orbitulus on leaves of Androsace vitaliana x 20.

Eggshell x 150.

4, Micropylar area x 350.

1 and 2 photo by A. E. Tonge.

3 and 4 aS F. N. Clark.

The photographs from which the following plates are taken are

by Mr. F. N. Clark, and are on the same lines as those with

which I supplied Mr. Tutt to illustrate Lycaenids in the “ British

Lepidoptera.”

PLATE XIII.

Skin of larva in first stage x 67.

PLATE XIV.

Skin of larva in second stage x 40.

158 My lanation of Plates.

PLATE XV.

Skin of larva in third stage x 18.

Puate XVI.

Skin of larva in fourth stage x 19.

PiatTeE XVII.

Skin of larva in fifth stage (last) x 15.

PuratTE XVIII.

Skin of larva in fifth (last) instar x 18.

PLATE XIX.

To show dorsum of 7th abdominal segment (honey-gland region).

—_

. In second instar x 50.

WY jilanneal yy oe HOY

PLATE RON.

. In fourth instar x 60.

5, fifth eh eG!

moo

PRATE CAA

Showing prothoracic plate in fourth (1) and fifth (2) larval

instars x 100.

PLatTe XXII,

Showing 1, prolegs and 2, claspers of last stage larva x 100.

PEATE SOX LIT.

Fig, 1. Leaf of Soldanella alpina x 4, showing how young larva

makes small round holes and mines out the intermediate

tissue of the leaf.

2. Pupa case spread out x 6.

Trans. Lint. Soc. Lond., ror1, Plate X1J.

oto, A. E. Tonge, C. Hentschel.

F. N. Clark.

OVA OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911, Plate XILI.

Nee if

ney $ wh 4

C. Hentschel.

Photo, F. N. Clark.

LARVA SKIN OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

First stage x 67.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rgrr, Plate XIV.

)

Photo, F. N. Clark.

C. Hentschel.

LARVA SKIN OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

Second stage x 4o.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ror1, Plate XV.

Photo, F. N. Clark. C. Hentschel.

LARVA SKIN OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

Third stage x 18.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rorz, Plate X VI.

pees

a Se

Fie

‘Photo, F. N. Clark. C. Hentschel.

LARVA SKIN OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

Fourth stage x 19.

S 3

: :

be 8

x so

iS =a5

: a

: E

= ry

: 0

8 vo)

S <

$ ie

if 6

. B®

s Ss

x LE

& fo)

op)

aa eunel

Age ae Jk

: s

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ror1, Plate X VILL.

Weeds

Ae | «ay:

Bee

Ss *

Photo, F. N. Clark. C. Hentschel.

LARVA SKIN OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

Fifth stage x 18.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rgrr, Plate XIX.

Photo, F. N. Clark. C. Hentschel.

LARVA OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

Honey-gland region (1) in second instar x 50, (2) in third instar x 60.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rgr1, Plate XX.

. Xe ry

Lan Pe

Siler

Photo, F. N. Clark, C. Hentschel.

LARVA OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS. ,

Honey-gland region (3) in fourth instar x 60, (4) in fifth instar x 60.

Trans. Ent Soc. Lond., ror1, Plate XXTJ.

Hentschel,

CG:

Clark.

EN.

Photo,

LARVA OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

Prothoracic plate in

100.

and (2) fifth instar x

fourth,

(1)

2 ee lll

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rorz, Plate XXII.

Photo, F. N. Clark. C. Hentschel.

LARVA OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

(1) Prolegs, and (2) Claspers, in last stage x 100.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911, Plate XXIII.

Photo, F. N. Clark. C. Hentschel.

LARVA OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

(1) Leaf of So/danella mined by young larva x 4. (2) Pupa case x 6.

nt. Soc. Lond., 1911, Plate XXIV.

Trans.

tschel.

. Hen

(Gs

rhe

Photo, F. N. Cla

PUPA CASE OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS

(1) Face and appendage cov

(2) Portion of leg covers, &c. x 50.

ers X 20.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rorz, Plate XXV.

Photo, F. N. Clark. C. Hentschel.

PUPA CASE OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

Dorsal head-piece, &c. x 30.

S E

Xs S

len

aS)

PUPA CASE OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

fth abdominal spiracle x 100.

x0. (2) ee

&e.

Metathorax,

(1)

socmm §

et ecete wine

* -

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ror1, Plate XX VII.

Photo, F. N. Clark. C. Hentschel.

PUPA CASE OF LATIORINA ORBITULUS.

(1) Ventral abdominal segments, 5-9, x 50. (2) Terminal segments, showing

cremastral hooks, x 50.

Jame , ony : hs ;

* UPe tes nt,” 1 Eten inn re han

Explanation of Plates. 159

PLATE XXIV.

Showing face and appendage covers x 20 and portions of leg

covers (and of antenna and. wings x 50), to show the lenticles over

the tibio-tarsal joints.

PATE OXY,

Shows dorsal head piece, prothorax, and mesothorax (of one side)

of pupa x 30.

PrATE XOX VI.

Shows metathorax (of one side) of pupa with parts of first and

second abdominal segments and of mesothorax and wing covers x 30

and the region of the right spiracle of the fifth abdominal segment,

with suture 4-5 in front x 100.

PLATE XXVIII.

Fig. 1. Ventral portions of abdominal segments 5, 6, 7, 8

and 9 x 50.

2. Continues fig. 1 on to dorsum, showing cremastral armature

of hooks. Segments 9 and 10 (abdl.) are not here

distinguishable x 50,

@ ( 160 )

VIII. The larva ef Orgyia splendida (dubia). By

T. A. CoApman, M.D.

[Read November 16th, 1910.]

PuLaTE XI.

I MET with this insect at Cuenca and Tragacete in 1901,

and in 1903 found the larvae abundantly at Moncayo, still

further to the north. My observations on the species

were published in the Ent. Record, XIV (1902), p. 41, and

XVI (1904), 195.

Two excellent drawings of the larva, however, by

My. E. C. Knight, have remained in my drawers from that

date unpublished. This seems very unfortunate, and they

are better to be printed now than not at all. Their special

interest lies in the larva being decidedly ditferent in

colouring from Freyer’s figure of dubia (Taf. 297), from

Rambut’s figure of splendida (Fauna d’ Andalusia, Pl. XV,

fig. 6d) and from Spuler’s figure (Nacht., Pl. II, fig. 13);

the latter, from some source unknown to me, being most

like it.

Moncayo appears to be the most northern habitat of

the species, the larvae are more brilliantly coloured, and

the imagines have a larger area of orange yellow than the

more southern or eastern examples.

The brilliancy of the larva depends on the deep black

especially of the tufts, contrasted with the white and red

brown rather than black being the ground-colour of other

figured larvae of the species. There are other colour-

differences, which the figures absolve me from specifying.

The species is certainly remarkable for having definite

geographical races differing not only in the imago, but also

in the larval state.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PARTI. (MAY)

atc

GstGR sy)

IX. New Genera and Species of Striphnopterygidae and

Lasiocampidae in the british Museum. Described by

Cur. AURIVILLIUS.

[Read November 16th, 1910.]

Sir G. F. Hampson some time ago sent me a col-

lection of African Striphnopterygidae and Lasiocampidae

for identification. Among the species contained in the

collection the following seem to be new to science.

Figures of the Lasiocampidae will be published in my

revision of the forms of that group occurring in the

African region. I have to thank Sir G. F. Hampson

for the figures of the Striphnopterygidae here published.

Family STRIPHNOPTERYGIDAE.

Cyrtojana, nov. gen.

Proboscis aborted. Palpi porrect, hardly reaching beyond the

frons, compressed, broadly fringed beneath with hairs, last joint

moderately long, obtuse. Antennae reaching well beyond the apex

of the cell, broadly bipectinate in the male. Fore tibiae unarmed,

hind tibiae with apical spurs only. Abdomen of male reaching a

little beyond tornus of hindwing. Wings broad, with the termen

strongly and evenly arched ; costa of forewing straight, of hindwing

slightly curved. Forewing with vein 3 from well before angle of

cell, 4 from near angle of cell ; lower discocellular long and strongly

angled near its upper end ; veins 5 and 6 nearly from the same

point, well separated from the common stalk of 7, 8, and 9; 10

absent (?), 11 free from the cell close to its apex. Hindwing with

vein 3 from well before angle of cell, 4 from near angle ; lower disco-

cellular very long, sharply angled near its upper end; middle

discocellular very short, veins 5 and 6 nearly from the same point ;

upper discocellular rather long and oblique ; vein 8 connected with

the cell by a transverse bar before middle and thereafter closely

approximated to the cell.

The genus Cyrtojana is very nearly allied to Janomima,

and seems only to differ by the short and broad form of

the wings and the vein 8 of hindwing, which runs close

to the cell and is connected with it by a bar.

TRANS. ENT. SOC, LOND. 1911.—PART I. (MAY) M

162 Prof. C. Auriygfitius’s Descriptions of New Genera and

Cyrtoj ima trilineata, n. sp.

Fawn coloured, abdomen somewhat paler ; antennae whitish with

brown branches; wings above with three curved black lines, the first

medial, the second postmedial, the third terminal, postmedial line

of forewing on the inner side slightly bordered with whitish, basal

Curtojana trilineata & F.

area of hindwing broadly suffused with yellowish ; cilia unspotted

brown ; underside of forewing yellowish-brown without markings,

of hindwing with two broadly distant, curved dark brown trans-

verse lines, the area between the lines partly tinged with whitish.

Expanse 53 mm.

PONDOLAND, February 1906 (H. H. Swinney). 12.

Phyllalia alboradiata, n. sp.

Wood-brown ; head, upperside of thorax, and two first dorsal

segments of abdomen fuscous brown ; antennal shaft and veins 1-7

Phyllalia alboradiata g t+.

of both wings above broadly whitish ; wings below paler with the

veins less distinctly white.

Expanse 53 mm.

CarE Cotony, 1%.

Species of Striphnopterygidae and Lasiocampidae. 163

A very distinct species at once distinguished by the

white veins of the upperside. The fore tibiae at apex

with a short angulated corneous plate.

Stibolepis novemlineata, n. sp.

Very pale ochreous yellow or yellowish white; branches of

antennae and abdomen ochreous brown; forewing above at base

with four erect slightly-waved black transverse lines, and in apical half

with five such lines, of which the first touches the hind angle of

Stibolepis novemlineata g 1.

the cell, and the last is larger, slightly oblique and reaches the

costa just before apex. Hindwing above with a gently curved sub-

terminal black line, which also is slightly indicated in the fore-

wings. Underside of both wings without markings.

Expanse 53 mm.

UcanbDa: Musinde (C. Christy). 1 9.

Phiala patagiata, n. sp.

Collar, frons between the eyes, antennae, palpi, pectus, legs, and

abdomen ochre-yellow ; vertex whitish ; tibiae and tarsi spotted

with black ; patagia black, fringed with long whitish hairs, sides

of pectus also clothed with long whitish hairs. Wings above

white; forewing, with the cell, all the interspaces, and a straight,

somewhat oblique line behind the middle densely speckled with

black scales, the veins only being broadly white ; hindwing greyish

with white veins and two curved transverse blackish bands, one

behind the middle and the other at the termen. Cilia of both wings

white, unspotted. Underside dark yellowish-grey without markings.

Expanse 44 mm.

Care Cotony: Deelfontein. 1 9.

Easily distinguished by the black, white-fringed patagia,

and somewhat resembling Cramer’s Ph. naninia in the

colour and the markings of the wings.

M 2

164 Prof. C. Auriv@ffius’s Descriptions of New Genera and

Phiala similis, n. sp.

Frons below and at the sides, palpi, pectus, legs, and abdomen ochre-

yellow. Tarsi slightly spotted with fuscous ; vertex of head and

collar pale yellow ; upperside of thorax and wings white ; wings

Phiala similis 9 4.

above beyond middle with a common series of more or less con-

nected black spots on the veins, but otherwise nearly destitute of

black scales ; underside of both wings yellowish-white with the

series of the upperside faintly indicated.

Expanse 47 mm.

E. TRANSVAAL: White River (A. 7. Cooke). 19. Also

1 ¢ from the same locality in Mus. Holmiae.

The species is very nearly allied to Ph. costipuncta,

H. Sch., and differs almost solely in the series of spots

of hindwing beginning exactly opposite the series of the

forewing, and not much more distally as in costipuneta.

Phasicnecus plagiatus, n. sp.

Nearly allied to Ph. Preussi, Auriv., and perhaps only a variety of

that species, differing only as follows :—Upperside: the blackish

Phasicnecus plagiatus 4.

discal lines of forewing nearer together and the area between the

lines, except at hindmargin in la and 1b and at costa, entirely filled

in with fuscous, the basal half of forewing also more or less infus-

Species of Striphnopterygidae and Lasvocampidae. 165

cated in the middle; apical fuscous patch formed as in Ph. Preuss?

but somewhat larger; the antemedial curved line of hindwing

obsolete. Underside: antemedial curved line of both wings hardly

indicated. Upperside of thorax and palpi fuscous brown.

Expanse 54 mm.

ASHANTI: Coomassie (H. Whiteside). 1 2.

Family LASIOCAMPIDAE.

Laeliopsis, nov. gen.

Palpi short, not reaching beyond frons, Eyes small, naked (?).

Antennae of female bipectinate to tip. Frons without prominence.

Fore tibiae short, armed at tip with one long and one very short claw

hind tibiae with apical spursonly. Cell of both wings open. Fore-

wing: costa straight to beyond middle, slightly arched near apex ;

termen and hindmargin curved ; vein 3 somewhat nearer to 4 than

to 2,4 and 5 from the same point, 6 free from upper angle of cell,

7 and 8 ona short stalk, 9 and 10 shortly stalked from the middle

between 7 and 8 and 11, 11 free. Hindwing: costa nearly straight,

termen curved ; vein 3 from the middle between 2 and 4, 4 and 5

from the same point, 7 from very near base, 8 shortly anastomosing

with 7 and forming a very small pre-costal cell without veinlets.

Abdomen of female long, reaching far beyond tornus of hindwing.

Body clothed with hairs only.

A very distinct genus, not nearly allied to any other

genus known to me.

Lueliopsis punctuligera, n. sp.

Head, thorax, and forewing above ochreous-brown; abdomen,

hindwing, above and underside of both wings ochreous-yellow ; fore-

wing above with two obsolete fuscous vittae dotted with white, one

above vein 1 almost from base, the other above vein 5, both ending

at the submarginal dot of the interspace ; an irregular submarginal

series of 7-8 white dots, finely ringed with fuscous; hindwing

behind middle with a transverse series of 6-7 black dots; both

wings below paler yellow with a submarginal series of black dots.

Expanse 35 mm.

DELAGOA Bay (Rev. H. Junod). 1 9.

This peculiar female has the same form of the wings

and nearly the same markings as some species of the genus

Laelia. The male has probably a more Lasiocampid

aspect.

166 Prof. C. Auri@fius’s Descriptions of New Genera and

Leipoxwis emarginata, v. sp.

Yellowish fawn colour; abdomen blackish above at base ; branches

of antennae fuscous ; forewing with costa gently arched, termen

strongly waved, dentate at end of vein 7 and 9, hindmargin straight,

above with the veins slightly darker than the ground-colour, ante-

medial and postmedial lines fuscous, nearly straight and even, slightly

oblique, parallel and 5 mm. distant from each other; an irregularly

curved, waved, fuscous submarginal line, termen rather broadly

fuscous-brown between apex and vein 3; forewing below pale

yellowish without distinct lines, dark brown at apex as above.

Hindwing with the costa very deeply emarginated at middle, and

the termen strongly arched and moderately waved; above fawn-

coloured, much darker yellowish-brown at costa and with discal

transverse lines, which are distinct only at costa; below darker,

with the lines more distinct.

Expanse 45 mm.

TRANSVAAL (C. H. Pead). 1 §.

Easily distinguished from all other known species by

the deeply-incised costa of hindwing and the straight

discal lines of forewing.

Gastroplakaeis delvcatulus, n. sp.

Hoary grey; antennae black, with testaceous branches, tarsi

black ; abdomen above golden yellow, with narrow black terminal

bands to the segments ; apical tuft long and pale grey; forewing

above pale silvery grey with a black dot at end of cell and narrow

antemedial, postmedial, and subterminal fuscous lines ; antemedial

and postmedial lines double and gently waved; subterminal line

obsolete in the middle, distinct near tornus and at apex ; cilia very

short, brownish between the veins ; hindwing above pale grey,

darker at termen, with whitish veins, at inner margin broadly tinged

with yellow from base to tornus and vein 2 ; wings below darker,

fuscous-grey with whitish veins, forewing whitish in the middle,

hindwing yellow at inner margin as above.

Expanse 41 mm.

GoLp Coast. 1 %.

Resembles G. meridionalis, Auriv., but smaller, with

fewer lines on the forewing, aud the yellow colour of the

hindwing less diffused.

Species of Striphnopterygidae and Lasiocampidae. 167

Pachypasa trilineata, n. sp.

Wood-brown, vertex, tegulae, and patagia greyish-brown ; abdomen

above reddish-brown, forewing above just behind middle, with three

(at costa four) strongly-waved blackish transverse lines, which are

placed close together and run nearly parallel to the termen ; the

third line is distally slightly bordered with pale brown ; a broad,

inwardly irregularly dentate terminal band fuscous-brown ;_ hind-

margin also more or less suffused with fuscous; hindwing above

reddish-brown without markings; both wings below dark brown

with paler veins and with traces of a darker transverse line ;

abdomen with a long fuscous-brown apical tuft.

Expanse 50 mm.

UGANDA: Entebbe. 1 ¢.

Anadiasa affinis, n. sp.

Blackish, head and thorax sprinkled with some few greyish hairs ;

branches of antennae pale yellowish ; forewing above fuscous, ante-

medial line nearly erect, black, double, more or less filled in with

greyish, postmedial line also black and double, gently outcurved

and filled in with whitish, ending at hindmargin in small whitish

patch, which also receives the submarginal line ; this is black, waved

and deeply angled inwards between veins 5 and 6; cilia blackish ;

forewing below blackish-grey without markings, paler greyish at

hindmargin. Hindwing on both sides grey with an irregular black

patch near tornus.

Expanse 26 mm.

ORANGE RIvER CoLony: Bloemfontein (£. Eckersley).

Nearly resembling the f of A. wndata, KI., but differ-

ing in the submarginal line of forewing, being deeply

angled near middle, and the larger white patch near

tornus of forewing; the black patch at tornus of hindwing

is also more distinct.

a { 168i;

X. Notes on insect enemies in the Tropres and their influence

on memicry. By HE, A. Cockayne, F.LS., FES.

[Read November 16th, 1910.]

THE influences which have caused and continue to act on

mimicry in butterflies and other day-flying insects, are

now recognised to be different, not only in each céuntry,

but in each case of this form of protection; and any

observations at first hand which tend to throw light on

them are consequently valuable. This must be my excuse

for giving you the following scanty and disconnected notes

and my reflections on their meaning. I have recently

spent six weeks in Ceylon, three in Java, three in Celebes,

and four in Japan, and though spending no time in

specially looking out for cases of diurnal insects caught by

their enemies, I was always on the watch for any obvious

one, and noted it down at once. I will first deal with

cases of insect enemies which came under my notice, then

lizards and birds.

In Ceylon, Java, and Celebes dragonflies were very

abundant, but, though they frequently had to turn aside

to avoid a collision with a butterfly, they seemed quite

indifferent to its proximity.

The only exception was at Kandy in Ceylon, where I

saw a small dragonfly, perhaps a Sympetrwm, capture a

small dull brown Hesperid. The dragonfly fell to the

earth still holding it, and then let it go. The “skipper”

flew up and settled on a leaf, apparently unhurt, but the

dragonfly made no attempt to pursue it.

Kershaw (Proc. Ent. Soc. 1905) notices a similar

indifference in South China.

In Japan dragonflies were less abundant and butterflies

much fewer, both in species and numbers. At Nara I

saw a moderate-sized dragonfly carrying a Mycalesis, and

at Nikko a similar one carrying a specimen of Satyrus

dryas. I tried to catch the latter and failed, but the

dragonfly dropped the butterfly, dead, but uneaten. In

both cases the butterfly captured was a Satyrid, and in

neither case had the wings been cut off.

Dr. Longstaff, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1905, p. 135, notes the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—-PARTI (MAY)

Mr. E. A. Cockayne’s Notes on insect enemies. 169

capture of Blanaida goschkevetschti, also a Satyrid, by the

dragonfly Orthetrum japonicum, Uhler, near Yokohama.

At Miyanoshita, in Japan, I saw a green mantis on a

lily flower with a Papilio maachii, of which it had eaten

the head and half the thorax.

At Kandy, in Ceylon, I saw a large Asilid fly carrying a

bright green bug, a protected species. Mr. H. E. Green

gave me its name, but I have mislaid the note.

Lizards of the genus Calotes are very abundant in

Ceylon, especially round Colombo and in the hill districts,

but becoming scarcer towards the north of the island.

There are several species, of which the green ones are

most fond of sitting on tall herbaceous plants or at the

ends of twigs on bushes and small trees, the brown ones

on tree trunks. All are good climbers and very active,

but the green ones, from the nature of their resting-place,

are most likely to destroy butterflies. Small-scaled brown

ground lizards are also common, but if they catch butter-

flies, as is probable, it must be chiefly low-flying genera

such as Terias or some of the Lycaenidae and Hesperidae.

The following are my notes :—

Colombo, March 31st, 1910. Saw a green Calotes lizard

at the end of a twig on a high hedge of a lilac-flowered

shrub, try to catch a large blue-black carpenter bee

(Xylocopa). It missed the bee, but large numbers of the

same species were visiting the flowers, and from its eager-

ness there is little doubt it was in the habit of eating

these insects.

Nowara Eliya, 6500 ft., May 10th. Two specimens

of Huploca asela were fluttering round a tall Composite

plant, near the flowers of which a long-tailed green lizard

(Calotes) was sitting. The lizard snapped at one but

missed, and both flew away. After a short time one

returned. Before it settled the lizard jumped and fell

further down the plant, but with the head and thorax of

the Huploea in its mouth.

The butterfly opened its anal tufts, and the lizard, after

remaining quiet for a minute or two, began to chew it up,

getting it further and further into its mouth. I removed

one wing, which I show to-night, but the whole of the rest

of the butterfly was devoured, obviously with enjoyment.

The same day at Hakgala I saw two of the shorter-

tailed brown lizards, each with a beetle in its mouth, but

failed to catch either of them.

170) =Mr. E. A. @@kayne’s Notes on insect enemies

Colombo, June 9th. A male Elymnias fraterna (undu-

laris) was fluttermg round a female, which was at rest on

a palm leaf about eight feet from the ground. There was

a sudden rustle, and a green lizard (Calotes) ran along the

leaf and snapped at them, but went just between them,

and missed both. They at once flew to a higher leaf.

Later the same lizard tried to catch a male Z. fraterna,

but never actually had an opportunity. The lizard

climbed down the palm towards the butterfly, which was

fluttering up and down, and kept altering its poise ready

to make a sudden rush, but the butterfly never came quite

near enough.

Finding the lizards quite near at hand, I tried to experi-

ment with them, but unfortunately had only two days of

showery weather before leaving the island, and material

was scarce. I caught a fine Papilio aristolochiae, and,

giving the fore-wing a twist near the base, offered it to

the lizard at the end of a stick. It moved, and the lizard

rushed forward and knocked it off the stick in its eager-

ness for a meal. The butterfly flew away, and I could not

procure a second.

Colombo, June 10th. Caught two females of Z. fraterna,

which in this sex mimics Danais plexippus in its colour

and slow flight in the open; the male, dark brown in

colour, is much more active, but rarely ventures far from

its food-plant, the palm.

I put one on a palm leaf near a lizard, where it remained

still for twenty minutes before it flew off; and although it

was in full view of the lizard, it was left unmolested. The

second, which I treated in the same way, at once began

to flutter, and the lizard eagerly dashed at it, but missed,

and ran away to hide.

To another lizard (Calotes) I offered a specimen of

Telchinia violae, a distasteful species, on the end of a

stick. It slowly opened and closed its wings. The lizard

saw it at once, and, after poising itself, rushed forward,

caught the butterfly by the head and thorax, and rapidly

ate it all, including the wings, chewing it with gusto.

Later I saw a male LZ. fraterna resting in full view of

and very near a lizard, but it never moved, and was left

untouched.

The above observations bring out two or three interest-

ing points. One is that so long as a butterfly remains

still it is let alone, but is attacked as soon as it moves.

in the Tropies and their influence on Mimicry. 171

Hence the wounds inflicted are very unlikely to be sym-

metrical, but are more likely to take the form of large

pieces removed from one side only—a kind of injury |

often met with in £. fraterna. Symmetrical injuries are

most probably caused by the ground lizards.

The second point is that, of the species I saw attacked,

so many are either distasteful, and in some cases models

for mimicry, or are mimics of distasteful species.

Xylocopa, a model.

Euploea asela, distasteful and a model.

Telchinia violae, a distasteful Acraeine.

Papilio aristolochiae, a distasteful Papilio and a model

for one of the forms of female of P. polytes.

Elymnias fraterna, of which the 2 is a mimic of

D, plexippus or chrysippus.

The last case is discounted by the fact that the lizards

experimented on probably fed chiefly on this species, and

may never have met with its models.

Though very incomplete, these observations seem to

show that the green species of Ca/lotes will eat any insect,

even those belonging to distasteful or protected groups.

And it is a great pity I could not continue these experi-

ments on wild lizards, which, though they required a good

deal of patience, were comparatively easy.

I have noticed no other records of notes on these lizards

except that Kershaw (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1905, p.5) says Calotes

versicolor destroys great numbers of butterflies at Hong

Kong, as they visit Lantana flowers, but mentions Hesper-

idae as their chief prey, and does not give an instance of

a Danaid or EHuploea being attacked, though both often

visit Lantana there.

At Miyanoshita, Japan, I saw a large black “swallow-

tail,’ Papilio macilentus, caught by a small ground lizard

allied to the Ceylon species.

Ground lizards (Lacerta, etc.) appear to be by no means

indiscriminate in their choice of food.

Poulton (“ Colours of Animals”), Marshall (Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1902, pp. 339, 435), Rosenberg (Proc. Ent. Soc. 1909,

pp. [x—Ixii) says that in 8S. America they eat many butterflies,

Callidryas, Nymphalinae, and Papilio, but mentions no

distasteful species.

Thus Lacerta and other ground lizards may influence

mimicry favourably in some countries, though Marshall

thinks it has little influence in 8. Africa, while Calotes

172. Mr. E. A. @@ckayne’s Notes on insect enemies.

probably influences it unfavourably by destroying pro-

tected species or their mimics, which, owing to their slow

flight, may fall victims in numbers out of proportion to

those of the swifter unprotected species.

In birds I saw little positive evidence that they prey

on butterflies, but it was quite obvious they were unwilling

to chase butterflies flying actively in the sunshine. I often

saw one almost touch the head of a drongo and yet never

saw one attacked.

On March 31st, at Colombo, I saw a Syntomid, one of a

family usually considered distasteful, caught on the wing

and eaten by a sparrow; and on April 12th at Haragdma,

Ceylon, a sparrow chased an <Appias paulina, but soon

gave up.

On June 10th, at Colombo, a magpie-robin ate a female

Llymnias fraterna, which I had been offering to a lizard,

and which fluttered on to the ground. Its resemblance to

D. chrysippus, or plexippus, did not save it. The evidence

of birds attacking butterflies collected by Marshall and

others is too strong to be disregarded, and one cannot

help thinking they are a very strong influence at work in

causing and improving many of the wonderful examples

of mimicry now so well known.

GAD 1)

XI. The Hybernation of Vanessa atalanta in Captivity.

By L. W. Newman, F.E.S.

[Read December 7th, 1910. ]

In the autumn of 1909 I saved seven specimens of Vanessa

atalanta to see if it were possible to hybernate them in

England under unnatural conditions.

I have many times tried them out of doors, also in a

cold greenhouse, but in both cases failed, the specimens

dying off early in the winter.

I prepared a small cardboard box about 9 by 6 by 6

inches deep, cut out the lid, leaving only the frame of

cardboard, stretched mosquito netting over box and held

this down with the cardboard frame.

The butterflies were placed in this and the box stood by

a window facing east, and at night removed to a warmer

quarter of the room; there was always a fire in my room

and also a large boiler which was warm all night, so that

the specimens never had a lower temperature than, say,

35 degrees even on the coldest nights.

After two or three days they became very restless and

evidently required food. I well soaked a good-size piece of

absorbent cotton-wool in water and sprinkled cane sugar

on it ; this I placed in the centre of the box on the top of

the mosquito netting ; very soon their tongues had found

the sweets and they were busy feeding; they walked

about in the box, continuously opening their wings when

the sun was shining, and about midday retired to the

darkest corner of the box.

Throughout the whole winter they fed regularly every

few days, and on no day when there was any sun did they

remain quiet, no matter how cold it was out of doors.

The first casualty happened in December, when a

specimen became quite paralyzed; he seemed to have

indulged too freely in food, for his body became very much

distended, and he lay for many hours at the bottom of the

box with legs twitching and wings quivering before he

died.

In January the specimens became very tame, and it was

my habit to let them fly about in my room on sunny

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART I. (MAY)

174 Mr. L. W. Ngan on Hybernation of Vanessa atalanta.

mornings ; they would settle on the curtains with wings

expanded and sun themselves; they would also feed from

my hand, and enjoyed a piece of apple with sugar sprinkled

on it, or a banana; they seemed to like the extra space,

and the exercise, I thought, would keep them strong, as

they took so much food.

In February I lost a second specimen, which flew into

the fire; this left me with only five. All went well, and

no more met with unhappy endings.

Karly in March I placed them during the day out of

doors in a roomy cage under a glass- -roofed house with

open sides and gave ‘them a pot of growing nettles; no

sign of pairings took place, but in early May a fair quantity

of ova were deposited; these, however, proved to be

infertile, and, on examining the specimens, I found all

were (9, the only ff having been the victims of the

winter; this greatly disappointed me.

The last specimen lived till the end of May.

I think these observations clear up a poimt which has

long been in doubt, and prove that V. atalanta is not a true

hybernator, and requires food all the winter, and that very

seldom, if ever, they pass the winter as imagines in England;

we are therefore entirely dependent on immigration every

year for this beautiful, though common, butterfly. 1910

has been a very bad “ Atalanta” year. I have seen, person-

ally, only two specimens on the wing, and found one larva,

and have heard of very few larvae or imagines being seen

in England this year.

I had six pupae sent to me from Devonshire; these I

bred out, and have the imagines alive. Mr. T. Reuss has

sent me eight living specimens, two of which met with an

accident a few days after arrival, so this winter I have

twelve specimens, and with these few I hope to be able to

clear up a further point next year, and that is to find out

whether the species pairs in the spring. I have noticed no

sign of autumnal pairings.

XII. Further Observations on Temporary Social Parasitism

and Slavery in Ants. By Horace Sr. J. K. Donts-

THORPE, F.Z.S.

[Read December 7th, 1910, ]

TuHIs year I have been able to make a few more observa-

tions and experiments on Temporary Social Parasitism and

Slavery in Ants, both in nature and in my observation

nests. In my two previous papers (Nos. 39 and 42) I have

explained show the queens of ants of the Formica rufa

group found their colonies in a nest of Formica fusca and

its races. It may, however, be as well to briefly recapitu-

late these facts when dealing with the different species

referred to in this paper, giving at the same time my new

notes and observations. I do not deal here with colonies

founded by branch nests, or by queens accepted back into

their own, or other nests of the same species, but only

when a queen, after her marriage flight, has entered a

nest of another species.

Formica rufa, L.—Wher a queen of this species has

found a new, or weak, or perhaps a queenless nest of

F. fusca, she enters it after some fighting with the workers

and is eventually accepted by them. When her eggs are

laid, the brood is brought up with the help of the fusca

workers, the 7wfa queen thus becoming a temporary social

parasite, as when the /wsca workers die off a pure rufa

nest will remain. It is probable that the rufa queen kills

the fusca queen if present. On May 15th I visited Park-

hurst Forest, I. of W., in company with Mr. Taylor of

Sandown. We noticed several rufa 2 2 at large, some with

wings and others dedlated. (It is probable there had been

a marriage flight. I have never seen a marriage flight of

this species, but Wasmann, who has, notes that it occurs

from the middle of April onwards.) One of the latter we

observed near the entrance to a fusca nest. That is to

say, there were several entrances into the ground in a

sandy corner, from whence fusca $$ kept coming in and

going out. We watched the rufa ¢ for a long time; she

made overtures to the 8 8,and endeavoured to enter their

TRANS. ENT, SOC, LOND. 1911.-—PART I. (MAY)

176 Mr. H. St. ggK- Donisthorpe’s Observations on

nest. She had several fights with some of them, rolling

over and over together on the ground. She eventually

beat them off, or drove the more persistent ones away.

Her behaviour was just such as I have observed in my

observation nests at home when I have introduced rufa

22 into fusca nests. Finally she entered one of the doors

of the fusca nest, and we saw no more of her. In my

paper on the Founding of Ants’ Nests (No. 42), I describe

how a rufa § from Nethy Bridge was accepted by 3 5 of

F. rufibarbis var. fusco-rufibarlis from Whitsand Bay, and

in conclusion I write: “It is, therefore, quite clear that if

this 2 will lay eggs the larvae will be brought up by these

strange $9.” This was written on February 24th. On

March 7th she began to lay eggs, and by April 14th four

bunches of eggs had been produced. These were carried

about by the } @ in their jaws. On May Ist all the eggs

had hatched, some of the larvae being quite large, and they

were fed and attended to by the $9. On June Ist many

of the larvae had changed to naked pupae. (Though the

pupae of Formica are generally enclosed in cocoons, the

so-called “ants’ eggs” of bird fanciers and pheasant

breeders, the first brood of a young queen is often naked.

I have found naked pupae in a nest of &. fusca at Porlock,

ete., and F. Smith recorded similar cases at Water’s Meet

and other places (Ent. Ann. 1871, p, 59).) All the larvae

changed to pupae, but only two spun cocoons. By June

20th some of the pupae had reached the imaginal instar

All eventually became perfect insects, but were weak and

unable to walk alone and some were cripples, and they

died after a few days. The 96 carried them about and

attended to them, but I do not think they freed them

thoroughly from the pupal skin. ‘This may be because

there were not enough 9% to see to them properly, only

about twenty-five being present. All the young 7uwfad 3

were very small, this being generally the case with a

young queen’s first brood. They were carried about even

after death, and then thrown on the ants’ rubbish heap.

I have mounted some of them on card. The queen has

just commenced to lay again. A few eggs appeared on

November 20th. These were carried about by one of the

S,and on the 23rd they were on the top of the 9’s

abdomen, where they had been placed during the night.

To-day, November 26th, there is quite a large bunch of

eggs, which is carried about by two of the 38.

Temporary Social Parasitism and Slavery in Ants. 177

On April 2nd I brought up from Darenth Wood some

fusca 88 and 3 2 9, which I had dug up out of a small

sandy bank. These I fixed up in a “Crawley” nest.

On April 17th I introduced a rufa 9, taken at Wellington

College on 16th, into the last compartment (the fourth)

of the nest. The fuscas were in the second compartment,

In the morning of April 18th, the rufa 2 was in the

first compartment with 3 fusca 9 9 and was not being

attacked. She must have passed through the fusca

nest during the night. During the day she was attacked

by three other $$ who entered her compartment. She

was not at all aggressive, and tried to conciliate them

by stroking them with her antennae. Two of them

left her alone after a time, but the third held her by

the front leg for the greater part of the day. Another §

tried to drag her into the second compartment, and

eventually she went in and was accepted by the /fuscas,

remaining with them. On June Ist one of the fusca 2 9

was dead, bitten in two! This was probably the work of

the rufa 2; she often sat with her head over one or the

other of the three fusca 22. On June 20th the rufa 2

unfortunately died, Eggs had been laid, but whether by

the rufa 2, or the fusca 2 2 alone, or by both species, I am

unable to say. Many of the $4 died during the summer,

and on July 20th only 388 remained with the 2 fusca ? 9.

Seven larvae and two pupae in cocoons were present.

The fusca 2 $ helped to carry about the larvae and pupae.

All the dead remains of the fusca 35 and rubbish had been

carried into the first compartment, but the abdomen of the

dead rufa 2 was always carried about by one of the $9, and

placed with the pupae. Two more of the fusca $9 and the

larvae and pupae died. ‘To-day, November 26th, the one

fusca 8 andthe 2 $8 are still alive. This § sits apart

from the 2 29, and always carries the abdomen of the

rufa 9 in her jaws!

On August 21st, Mr. Taylor and I again visited Park-

hurst Forest. During the day we found a very small rufa

nest in an enclosure of young fir trees. It consisted of

a small mound, only 8 or 9 inches in diameter and about

3 inches high, but built of vufa materials in the usual

way. It was quite evident that this was a new nest, so I

decided to dig it up and investigate the contents. The

nest reached a depth of about only six inches into the

earth. It contained about 150 rufa 5 9, most of them very

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PARTI. (MAY) N

Vi8 Ma HAs: Hx. Donisthorpe’s Observations on

small, a rufa §, some 50 fusca 33, and a number of

cocoons. The whole of the nest was most carefully dug

up and examined, but no trace of a fusca 2 could be found.

It is quite certain that this was originally a /usca nest,

which had been entered by a rufa 9. I took home the @,

a number of 7ufa 5%, cocoons, and all the fusca 33 we

could catch. The cocoons have all since hatched and

have proved to be rufa 5 9.

Formica sanguinea, Ltr.—This is the robber-ant, our

only slave-making species. The method adopted by the

queen of this species is somewhat different to that of

F. rufa. Having selected her fusca nest, she kills and

drives away the workers and steals the fusca cocoons.

These she collects and sits on, and when hatched they

bring up her brood. I obtained two successful experi-

ments with sanguinea queens introduced into /usca

observation nests which I have described in a former

paper (No. 39). The mixed character of the nest is kept

up by slave raids undertaken by the sanguinea workers on

other fusca nests. I was fortunate enough to witness such

a slave raid in nature at Bewdley last year. This year I

instituted two mimic slave raids In my sangwinea observa-

tion nest. I obtained a 2 and a number of 6 6 from a

sanguinea nest at Woking on April 19th, and placed them

in a “ Crawley” nest. On June 20th I placed some fusca

& and a number of cocoons, which I had brought back

from Braemar, in the last compartment of the nest. The

sanguineas were in the first compartment. As soon as the

latter became aware of the presence of the fusca pupae,

they hurried in, attacked and killed the fusca 3 9, and

carried off all the cocoons to their own compartment.

A similar result was obtained with a number of fusca

cocoons and some @ & I sent up in August from a nest

in Parkhurst Forest. My friend Dr. Nicholson intro-

duced them into my sanguinea nest for me. All these

pupae have hatched, the sanguinea 3 9 helped them out

of their cocoons, and my nest now contains a large

number of slaves, which are quite at home with their

masters. I may mention here that it has been stated

that the slave-makers only collect the worker pupae of

Jusca, and never the male and female cocoons. Darwin

writes: ‘Males and fertile females of the slave species

(Ff. fusca) are found only in their proper communities, and

have never been observed in the nests of /. sangwinea.”

Temporary Social Parasitism and Slavery in Ants. 179

This we now know is not always the case. Morice

recorded the capture of four f f and two winged ¢ 2? ina

nest of Formica sanguinea at Weybridge on July 13th

1900, and Barnes found four dedlated and one winged

Jusca 2 ina nest of sanguinea at Wellington College on

September 6th, 1902.

To again test the fact that sanguinea 2 9 are unable to

found colonies by themselves, I isolated a number of ? 2

obtained at Woking in April. They were placed in bowls

of damp sand, with pieces of damp sponge for them to

shelter under. They hid under the sponges, but never

attempted to dig a cell. A few eggs were scattered about

on the surface of the sand, which never hatched. The

2 2 paid no attention to these eggs, and eventually all

the queens died. Viehmeyer has proposed yet another

method of colony founding. He suggests that a 2 of

sanguinea when ready to lay may seek a fusca 2 in the

same condition, and both lay together. When the fusca

brood reaches the pupal stage, the sanguinea 2 takes

possession of them. This will account for new nests found

in which the sanguinea 9 9 are as old, or older, than the

Jusea 8 3.

If Darwin had known, as we know to-day, that the

queen sanguinea does not herself found her colony, but

from the very first steals the fusca pupae, one of his

greatest difficulties would have been removed, viz. the

attempt to understand how it is that the workers which

do not breed inherit the slave-making instinct.

Formica exsecta, Nyl.—The queens of this species also

found their colonies in nests of F. fusca. They are much

smaller in comparison to their workers than are those of

rufa or sanguinea, and are also of a darker colour. They

can thus more easily get accepted by the fusca 9 G, as

Wheeler showed to be the case with the small 2 2 of

F. consocians with 3 9 of F. incerta in America. On May

27th, in company with Mr. Banks of Corfe Castie, I found

a small nest of F. exsecta at Bournemouth. It was of the

usual exsecta type, but quite small. On being examined

it proved to contain both exsecta and fusca. The § 9 of

the latter, however, were present in considerably greater

numbers than those of the former. Here undoubtedly

was a new exsecta nest, founded by a young ¢ of that

ant, which had entered a fusca nest and been accepted by

them. None of the larger and older nests of exsecta

Nez

180 Mr. H. St. KOK. Donisthorpe’s Observations on

which I dug up in the same neighbourhood contained any

fusca 3 9.

We now come to the Lasiuvs group. The queens of

Lasius niger, alienus, and flavus found their own colonies

in the method originally attributed to all ants. That is to

say, the queen after her marriage flight removes her

wings, and, finding a suitable spot, lays her eggs and brings

up her own brood. I have often found queens of at least

two of these species under such circumstances in nature.

This, however, is not the case with our other two species,

L. umbratus and L. fuliginosus. In both instances the 2

is smaller in comparison to her 8 9 than is the case with

L. niger and flavus, ete.

Lasius umbratus, Nyl. —It is exceedingly probable that

the wmbratus 2 founds her colonies in nests of LZ. niger.

Wasmann has found mixed nests of these two species

which could only be explained by this hypothesis.

Crawley’s very valuable experiments have proved that

the O% of niger will readily accept 2? of wmbratus.

L. niger is a very common and widely-distributed ant;

wmbratus is decidedly scarce, though widely distributed,

and more than one colony is seldom found in one spot.

It is perhaps worth while to mention that Barnes recorded

finding nine deiilated 2 9 of wmbratus in a nest of F. san-

guinea at Wellington College. I have on several occasions

found many wmbratus 3 3 in company with F. sanguinea

at Woking. These, however, may not have really been

living together. As Wasmann points out in his paper on

mixed Lasivs nests, species may be found which are ap-

parently mixed, but which when confined in a box attack

and kill each other. This, of course, is never the case

with truly mixed nests.

Lasius fuliginosus, Ltr—This ant often founds new

colonies by branch nests, as in the ¥. rufa group. This

accounts for the fact that in a district where /uliginosus

occurs, so many colonies are often to be found. The 2,

however, is unable to found her own colony. She entersa

nest of L. wmbratus and is accepted by the workers. This

is a case of hyper- (temporary) social parasitism, as we have

just seen that wmbratus founds its colonies with niger.

Recent writings of Crawley, Emery, Forel, Lannoy, Was-

mann, and Wheeler all substantiate this fact. Workers

of wmbratus have been frequently found in nests of fuligi-

nosus; these would be all that were left of the original

Temporary Social Parasitism and Slavery in Ants. 181

stock of the wnbratus nest in which the/uliginosus queen

had founded her colony. Itis probable that the wmbratus

2 is killed, either by the fuliginosus 2, or by her ownd 3G,

and thus a pure /uliginosus nest will be the final result.

I am able to add two facts to the above observations. In

June 1897 I found a large nest of Lasius fuliginosus in a

hollow tree at Lymington Salterns, which contained a

number of ZL. umbratus 99, both species coming in

and going out together. I unfortunately recorded the

umbratus as flavus at the time. On September 20th, 1900,

Mr. Tuck sent me a specimen of LZ. wmbratus (9) to name,

which he had taken in a nest of fuliginosus in an old

horse-chestnut stump at Bury St. Edmunds. He natur-

ally suggested at the time that the ant had no business to

be there.

My friend Mr. Crawley and I intend to carry out

experiments with /wliginosus 2? 9 and observation nest of

umbratus next year.

For the benefit of those who wish to study the history

and the gradual development of all the facts contained in

this paper, I append a list of all such papers and writings

as I have been able to read myself on the subject :—

ADLERZ, Gotr. “Myrmekologiska studier,” 11. Stockholm, 1886,

pp. 210-248.

“ Myrmekologiska studier,” III (Tomognathus). Stockholm

1896.

** Myrmekologiska notizer.” Ent. Tidschr. X VII, 1896, 2 Heft.

(L. flavus in nest of L. niger.)

ALLEN, J. A. “Notice of a foray of a colony of Formica sanguinea,

Ltr., upon a colony of a black species of Formica, for the

purpose of making slaves of the latter.” Proc. Essex. Inst.

V, No. 1, 1866, pp. 14-16.

Avesury, THE Ricut Hon. Lorp. “ Ants, Bees, and Wasps,” 1882,

pp. 79-91, etc.

Barnes, W. “Onanest of Formica sanguinea, and other Hymeno-

ptera near Wellington College.” Ent. Mo, Mag. 1902,

. 265.

Cetin C. ‘Alien Queen Ant.” Science Gossip, VI, No. 72, 1900,

p. 369.

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Lasius niger, L.” E. M. M. XX, 1909, pp. 94-99.

“Workers of Lasius flavus (? L. wmbratus) among Lastus

fuliginosus.” Ent. Record XXII, 1910, pp. 67-69.

Darwin, CHARLES. ‘‘The Origin of Species,” Vol. I, 1888, pp.

326-342,

DonistHorre, H. Sr. J. K. (2) “Myrmecophilous Coleoptera in

1897.” Ent. Record 1897, p. 246.

182. Mr. H. St. ‘ges. Donisthorpe’s Observations on

DontsTHoRPE, H. St. J. K. (38) “ Formica sanguinea at Bewdley,

with an account of a Slave Raid.” Zool., 1909, pp. 463-466.

(39) “Some Experiments with Ants’ Nests.” Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond. 1910, pp. 142-150.

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1910, pp. 82-85.

Emery, C. ‘Neue Beobachtungen und Versuche iiber die

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myrmekophilen Ameisen.” Biol. Centralbl., No. 11, 1909,

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fourmiliéres de L. fuliginosus.” Ann. de la Soc, Entom.

de Belgique LII, 1908, p. 182.

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1906, pp. 51-69.

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Ursprung des sozialen Parasitismus, ete.” Zoology. Anzeiger

XXXV, 14-15, 1910, pp. 450-457.

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parasitische Koloniegriindung von Formica sanguinea.’

Biol. Centralb, XXX, No. 17, 1910, pp. 570-580.

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kolonien der Ameisen.” Miinster i. W. 1891. Sept aus

Natur and Offenbor.

Temporary Social Parasitism and Slavery in Ants. 183

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Entom. VI, 1901, 23-24; VII, 1902, 1-21.

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Ameisen.” Biol, Centralbl. XXV, 1905, No. 4-9.

(162) “Weitere Beitrige zum sozialen Parasitismus, und der

; Sklaverei bei den Ameisen.” Biol. Centralbl. 1908,

Nos. 8-13 and 22.

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sitismus bei den Ameisen.” Naturwiss. Wochenschrift

1909, No. 26, pp. 401-407.

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etc.” Biol. Centralbl. XX VIII, 1908, No. 22, pp. 726-731.

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Archiv. trimestr. Instit. Grand-Ducal T. IV, 1909,

fasci. IIT and IV.

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Sklaverei und der Mymekophilie bei den Ameisen.” Biol.

Centralbl. 1909, No. 19, pp. 588-703.

(172) ‘Uber gemischte Kolonien von Lasius-Arten.” Zool.

Anzeiger, XX XV, 1909, pp. 130-141.

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bei den Ameisen.” Biolog. Centralbl. XXX, 1910,

Nos. 13-15.

“Modern Biology and the Theory of Evolution.” Translated

from the 3rd German edition by A. M. Buchanan. London :

Kegan Paul, 1910, pp. 386-425.

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Ants.” American Naturalist XX XV, 1901, Nos. 414-418.

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American Museum of Nat. Hist. XX, 1904, pp. 347-375.

‘“Some Remarks on Temporary Social Parasitism and the

Phylogeny of Slavery among Ants.” Biol. Centralbl. XXV,

1905, pp. 637-644.

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Science Monthly 1906, pp. 291-299.

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reference to the Parasitic and Slave-Making Species.” Bull:

American Museum of Nat. Hist. XXXII, 1906, pp. 33-105.

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Monthly 1907, pp. 350-359.

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Races of Formica sanguinea, Ltr.” Bull. American Museum

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. “Observations on some European Ants.” Journ. of the New

York Ent. Soc. XVII, 1909, pp. 173-187.

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pp. 130-137.

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York, 1910.

Waits, W. Farren. ‘Ants and Their Ways.” 1895, pp. 174-195.

G. 184.3

XIII. Two new species of Lycaenopsis from Borneo

(Sarawak), By Dr. T. A. CHAPMAN.

[Read December 7th, 1910.]

PLATE. noon alae

THE two species here described appear to be new, as I

find no descriptions that will apply to them. The photo-

graphs of the insects and those of the male appendages

will make it easy to recognise the insect with none of the

doubt that pertains to some descriptions in this genus. I

append descriptions rather out of deference to custom

than as of necessity.

The butterflies were accompanied by a specimen labelled

nigerrimus, R.S., unfortunately without an abdomen, and

a female example of apparently another new species. As

it was of course impossible to examine the male append-

ages of these species, I say nothing further about them.

Lycaenopsis moultoni, n.sp. (Plate XXVIII figs. 5, 6, 7.)

Rather brilliant bochus-like blue with a broad black border along

costa and round hind margins, 3 mm. wide from apex and 1:2 mm.

round margin—dead black in one specimen, in the other each space

round hindwing is faintly paler with a dark spot or line in it centrally ;

no discal line or other mark; fringe dark at base, whitish at edge.

Beneath, greyish white, spots faintly darker, except two costal spots

and three towards anal angle of hindwing, black, all margined or

ringed paler. Discal lines in both wings. Postdiscal row of forewing

forms a nearly continuous line, except a break inwards of fourth

spot from third on vein 4. Hindwing, basal row of spots present,

one costal and one in cell; postdiscal row, costal, large black, 2nd

below it or rather basal to it ; 3rd and 4th much further out, 5th a

little basal to these, but nearly in line; 6th black, more basal, and

8th nearly as much so, 7th rather far out, these three large and

conspicuous.

The margin presents fringe brownish with white line at base,

then a black line round wing margin, a little way in a not very

dark line is arched inwards over each space, leaving a pale patch

with a central nearly black mark straight on its outer margin,

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART I. (MAY)

Dr. T. A. Chapman on two new species of Lycaenopsis, 185

arched on its basal side—a bright white line round eyes; palpi black

with long white scaling beneath; antennae black with extremely

narrow white rings at joints. Exp. al. 24 mm.—very small for a

Lycaenopsis, and with a rather acute apex, like matanga.

The appendages have large rounded dorsal pieces and unarmed

clasps, not altogether unlike those of ceya or plauta, a form appa-

rently usual with the more southern species of the group and not

dissimilar to those of Megisba mabaya, which is certainly very close

to Lycaenopsis.

The clasps are long, rounded at ends, and constricted in middle,

almost dumb-bell-shaped, again suggestive rather of M. malaya than

the more typical Lycaenopsids.

The aedoeagus is rather shorter and stouter than that of L.

matanga, but otherwise of similar structure.

Two specimens ¢ 3, Sarawak Museum, labelled Matang

Road, 7, 3, 10 (type), and Matang Road, December 29th,

1909.

I understand that one of these specimens will be placed

in B.M., South Kensington.

Lycaenopsis matanga, n.sp. (Plate XX VIIL, figs. 1,2,3,4.)

Upper surface dark (black-brown) with a darker line at end of

cell, in one specimen, hardly in the other; on the upperwing is an

area of blue, rather violet in one specimen, greenish in the other,

from the cell to inner margin, extending upwards beyond the cell,

leaving a black margin 4 mm. wide at tornus, 3 mm. wide at vein

4. In one specimen it is a little more restricted, in the other it

has a faint extension over the lower margin of the cell. In the hind-

wing there is a slight central tint in one specimen, in the other the

blue extends to 7 mm. from base and is 4 mm. across.

Underside white, fringes with outer half paler, with a smoky tint

along costa and hindmargin of forewing, in one specimen involving

most of the wing. Underside has little marking under forewing

(not altogether from poor condition) in one specimen, in the other is

a discal line (dark with white margin) and the post-discal series of

spots (cinereous with white borders) consists of 6 spots, the first four

in a slightly curved line, the third askew, as in puspa, the fifth is set

in abruptly from the 4th and is in a straight line with the sixth,

both being somewhat linear, pointing to costal end of first spot.

Within the dark fringe is a white line, then a dark one, a paler spot

(in each space) and an arched spot; the dark lines (or spots) are

weakly marked, and outline the marginal eyespots. The hindwing

has the costal and discal spots of the usual transverse basal set, the

186 Dr. TA. Cffpman on two new species of Lycaenopsis.

costal one marked ; still larger is the costal spot of the postdiscal

series, in the space below it the faint 2nd spot; below this, further

out, the next four in a curved row, the second a little oblique, the

fourth larger; the 7th lies further out (in space 1-2) and the 8th

further in again level with 6th; 6, 7 and 8 larger and darker, but

not so dark as first, 7th kidney-shaped, hilum towards base of

wing, a discal line longer and plainer than on forewing. The

marginal marking of the hindwing is the dark line of fringe and

an inner somewhat sinuous line (curved inwards in the spaces) with

a dark mark in each space between the two lines.

A narrow white ring round eyes, antennae dark brown (black ?)

with very narrow white rings, less narrow basally. Exp. al. 32-

36 mm.

The wing apex is rather more pointed than in many Lycaenopsids.

The appendages belong to the group that have no teeth on the clasps,

such as plawta and ceyx, and to which many of the more southern

insular forms such as melaena and tenella approach. The pointed

clasp suggests albocoerulea, but the full rounded dorsal pieces are

very different. It is very distinct from any other form I have

examined. The aedoeagus, unfortunately outside the photographed

area in the plates, is long, 1 mm., rather slender, not quite cylin-

drical, but rather bulbous basally, but less so than usual in Lycaeno-

psids, and with hardly any of the common angulation, the portion

beyond the floor, about 3 of total length, has three more chitinised

lines, one of these forming the style twice as long as the others, the

vestca (Pierce) very finely spiculated. Altogether somewhat similar

to that of albocoeruleus.

Two 22, Sarawak Museum, labelled Matang, February

1902, No. 13 (type), and Kuching, January 1898 (4).

One, I understand, is to be placed in B.M., South

Kensington.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XXVIII.

Fie. 1. Lycaenopsis matanga upper side.

Oi ve eu under ,,

3. » appendages x 40.

4, _ ts % another specimen x 40.

Bg 4 moultont upper side.

6. 5s 4) orminder 7,

Ng 3 5) appendages x 60.

ay Ispuazy

)

‘SSISCONAVOAT SHO SHIOHdS MAN

@ PES)

XIV. Deseription of a new Nymphaline Butterfly from

British India. By Hamitron H. Druce, F.LS., etc.

[Read December 7th, 1910. ]

PuaTeE XXIX.

Genus PARHESTINA.

Parhestina, Moore Lep. Ind., vol. iu, p. 34, 1896.

Parhestina germyni, n. sp.

¢. Upperside greenish-white with the veins broadly and increas-

ingly black to the termen, which is narrowly and evenly black. In

the forewing, cells 3, 4, 5 and 6 are dusted with black scales beyond

their middle, thus causing a terminal’ row of 5 elongate oval

greenish-white spots. A few black scales are scattered about the

end of the cell, at the base of vein 3, and towards the middle of cell

1. The dorsum is very narrowly black. In the hindwing the dorsum

to vein 1 is slightly washed with pale yellow. Underside as above,

but paler, with the costal margin of the forewing and all the cells of

the hindwing washed with pale yellow, deepest at the base of the

costal margin and the dorsum of the hindwing. Antennae black,

head, thorax, abdomen above and legs clothed with whitish hairs,

abdomen below pale yellow.

Expanse 92 mm.

Hab. Tons VALLEY, CENTRAL HIMALAYAS (4000-7000

ft.).

This remarkable insect, two specimens of which were

captured by Colonel T. Jermyn in June, belongs toa section

of the genus of which very few examples are known, seems

to be the most nearly allied to P. mena, Moore (Ann. Nat.

Hist. 1858, p. 48, Lep. Ind., vol. ui, p. 36, pl. 202, ff. 1, 1a),

which was described from an unknown locality, but has since

been found at Hong Kong by Mr. J. J. Walker and placed

in the British Museum.

P. nicevillei, Moore, from Chumba, N.W. Himalayas, is

another allied form (Lep. Ind., vol. iii, p. 37, pl. 202, ff. 2,

2a), and a reference to these figures will show that we have

here quite a different insect. Colonel Jermyn writes that

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART I. (MAY)

188 Mr. H. H. Wce’s on new Nymphaline Butterfly.

he captured one specimen at about 4000 ft. and the

other at 7000 ft. The first was taken with a number of

very pale specimens of the Pierine Aporia agathon, Gray,

var. phryxe, Boisd., which it closely resembles. The second

was flying about alone, its flight being distinctly Nympha-

line and noticeably different, 7.¢. stronger and bolder, to

the Aporias.

With regard to the flight of P. nicevillei, de Nicéville

wrote that it had a slow and sailing mode, and in general

appearance much resembled A. agathon, var. caphusa,

Moore, but does not state whether he found it in company

with or only in the same district as the Aporias.

The River Tons is a tributary of the Jumna, near its

source.

The type will be placed in the British Museum.

Leech has also recorded P. mena, from W. China (Butt.

China, 1, p. 144).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIX.

Fic. 1. Parhestina jermyni, Druce.

2. Aporia agathon, Gray, var. phryxe, Bdv.

JUNE 21, 1911.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911, Plate XXIX.

C. Hentschel.

1. Parhestina jermyni.

2. Aporia agathon, var. phryxe.

ertsan a

XV. New and Unrecorded Species of Lepidoptera Hetero-

cera from Japan. By A. E. WILEMAN, F.ES.

[Read October 19th, 1910. ]

PLATHS” XXX XX.

THE new and unrecorded species enumerated in this

paper are contained in a collection of over two thousand

species (inclusive of Micro-lepidoptera) made by my

Japanese collector, Mr. Uehara, and myself during a

period of eleven years from the year 1892 to 1903.

During this period we both made numerous excursions

to various localities situated in the four great islands of

Japan, namely, Hondo (or Honsht), Shikoku, Kyasha

and Yezo (or the Hokkaido), and we also did a great deal

of collecting at all the various ports at which I have

resided, Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe and Hakodate, the first

three of which are situated in the island of Hondo and

the last named in Yezo. I also received welcome assistance

from the Rev. W. Andrews, of Hakodate, and Mr. Nawa,

of Gifu, both of whom kindly presented me on several

occasions with specimens of Japanese Heterocera.

The provinces worked by us during these eleven years

include those of Josht, Shinsht, Shimotsuke, Sagami,

Musashi, Yamashiro, Settsu, Yamato, and Kishiu, all of

which are situated in the island of Hondo; the provinces

of Tosa, Iyo, Awa and Sanuki, which comprise the whole

of the island of Shikoku; the provinces of Bungo, Buzen,

Higo, Hytiga, Satsuma and Osumi, which are six of the

nine provinces composing the island of Kyushu, and the

provinces of Oshima and Ishikari in the island of Yezo.

By far the most productive localities were Yoshino, pro-

vince Yamato, and Nikko, province Shimotsuke, both in

the island of Hondo, and Hakodate in the island of Yezo.

My collector worked for four years in succession at

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PaRT Ul. (OCT.) O

190 My. A. KE. Wegman on New and Unrecorded Species

Yoshino, the majority of the captures there being made

at light, whilst most of the captures at Hakodate were

taken at the lighthouse of Tobetsu in the vicinity of

that town.

The total number of species enumerated in this paper

is 427, of which 117 are, as far as I am aware, described

for the first time as new species, or varieties. There are

also 179 species which apparently have not hitherto been

recorded by any author as occurring in Japan, thus

making a total of 296 species, or over two-thirds of the

total number of species mentioned in this paper, which

have been added to the Japanese fauna as a result of

eleven years’ continuous work in the before-mentioned

localities. One hundred and eight species which have

been recorded as Japanese by various authors since the

publication of the late Mr. J. H. Leech’s catalogue of

Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan and Corea,

have also been included for the purpose of bringing his

catalogue up to date as far as is possible, and twenty-

three species have been mentioned on account of im-

portant changes in synonymy. The present record of

427 species therefore makes an interesting addition to

the known Japanese fauna, but is by no means final,

as there are many parts of Japan which have hitherto

entirely escaped the attention of the lepidopterist, notably

in the high and inaccessible mountain ranges of the

province of Hida, where probably many new species will

be found. ;

As this paper is likely to be of more special interest for

Japanese lepidopterists than for others, it may be well

to note here that Leech’s catalogue was published, at

intervals, in the Transactions of this Society for the years

1898 to 1901. He also published a separate paper, which

deals with Japanese Geometridae only, in the Annals and

Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, volumes xix and

xx, 1897. These catalogues form, I believe, the most

complete record of Japanese species hitherto published,

and have been taken by me as the standard authority for

the occurrence of species in Japan. Details of his various

papers are given in a note appended below.*

* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, pp. 261-379 ; 1899, pp. 99-219 ;

1900, pp. 9-161 and pp. 511-663 ; 1901, pp. 385-513. Ann. and

Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vol. xix, 1897, pp. 180-235, pp. 297-463,

pp. 543-679 ; vol. xx, pp. 65-248.

of Lepidoptera Helerocera from Japan. 191

The 427 species enumerated in this paper are distributed

amongst the various families as follows—

ARCTIADAE . : : A : : 6 species.

NoctrumipAE . : ‘ - : S eGAsh Bie

LYMANTRIADAE = , < : : Tt

SPHINGIDAE . : : : : el OE kare

CYMATOPHORIDAE . : : : : ay Uy ee

EUPTEROTIDAE : ; : : : Th hes

NOTODONTIDAE Shia

GEOMETRIDAE . WOR | ees

SATURNIADAE i

URANIADAE Suis

PSYCHIDAE or.

CossIDAE IL Ey:

LIMACODIDAE . ‘gf Fla

ZYGAENIDAE 2 }

DREPANIDAE . Dae

THYRIDIDAE Ss ee

PYRALIDAE 32. 5

Total . : ; : . 427 species,

All the new species recorded in this paper, as well as

those species which have hitherto been unrecorded from

Japan by any previous author, have been worked out at

the South Kensington Museum, a few species only having

been identified from plates, in those cases where speci-

mens were not available for comparison in the National

Collection.

In concluding, I must tender my cordial thanks to

Sir George Hampson, Bart., for much valuable aid given

‘in the identification of species and for the facilities so

kindly placed at my disposal, and also to Mr. Richard

South for continual assistance given during the prepara-

tion of the paper.

Family ARCTIADAE.

Sub-family NOLINAE.

Genus CELAMA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxxii, p. 500 (1864); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., ii, p. 5 (1900).

O02

192 Mr. A. E. Wieman on New and Unrecorded Species

i bi

Celama innocua.

Celama innocua, Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 671 ;

Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., 1, p. 21, pl. xviii, fig. 25

(1900).

Nola costimacula, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., in, p. 182,

pl.’ x, fig. 6 (1887); id, Cat, Dep. pals, 1,,4p; soa

(1901).

One male specimen taken at Yoshino, Yamato, August,

1899.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. KE. Siperta (Amurland) ; For-

MOSA; JAPAN,

Recorded by other authors from Japan (Hampson and

Staudinger), but not by Leech.

Collection number, 339.

Celama squalida.

Nola squalida, Staud., Berl. Ent. Zeit., xiv, p. 102 (1870) ;

Mill., Icon. Lep., iii, p. 407, pl. cl, figs. 15, 16; Staud.,

Cat. Lep. pal., p. 361 (1901).

Nola pumila, Snell, Tijd. v. Ent., xvii, p. 68, pl. vi, fig. 4

(1874).

Nola musculalis, Saalm., Ber. Senck. Ges., 1879, p. 261

(1880); id., Lep. Madag., i, p. 171, pl. vi, fig. 85.

Nola spreta, Butl., P. Z. 8., 1880, p. 671.

Sorocostia tetrophthalma, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1889,

p. 463.

Nola minuta, Hampson, Il. Het. B. M., viii, p. 48, pl. cxxxix,

fig. 14 (1891).

Nola van hasseltvi, Heyl., C. R., Soc. Ent. Belge. xxxvi,

p. 44 (1892).

Nola ceylonica, Hampson, Ill. Het. B. M., ix, p. 88, pl. elvini,

fie. 13 (1898); 2d., Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ui,

p. 141.

Nola hampsoni, Kirby, Cat. Het., p. 376 (1893).

Celama squalida, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., u, p. 24

(1900); zd., Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc., xiv, p. 109

(1902).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 198

A series of thirteen specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, July, August, September, October, 1899,

1900, and one specimen at Shioya, near Kobe, July, 1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; June to October.

General distribution. EurRoPE; W. AFrica; MapDa-

GASCAR; Syria; INDIA; SIKHIM; BurRMA; BoRNEO;

CELEBES ; NEW GUINEA; AUSTRALIA; TONGA; FoRMosA;

N.E. Cuina (Shanghai); JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 344, 345, 347, 348.

Genus DIALITHOPTERA.

Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., 11, p. 50 (1900).

oO.

Dialithoptera stellata, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 26.)

¢. Head and thorax whitish, abdomen slightly darker. Fore-

wings silky, white faintly tinged with ochreous towards the base,

brownish along the costa, and on the area beyond the post-medial

line ; post-medial line black, curved and recurved ; submarginal

line whitish, sinuous; marginal line brown; the transverse line

powdered with metallic blue atoms as also is a tuft of black scales at

outer end of the cell; fringes dark grey mixed with paler and

marked with whitish at ends of the nervules. Hindwings fuscous,

paler towards the base; fringes pale grey mixed with darker.

Under surface fuscous, whitish along the inner margin of the

forewings and the basal area of the hindwings.

Expanse 26 mm.

Male type from Nikko, taken in August, 1895.

Local distribution. HoNnpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Seems to be allied to D. gemmata, Hampson, from

Sikhim.

Collection number, 342.

Genus AGYLLA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., ii, p. 552 (1854); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., ii, p. 212.

194 Mr. A. E. Wiman on New and Unrecorded Species

Agylla gigantea.

Lithosia gigantea, Oberth., Diagn. p. 6; Etud. d’Ent., v,

p- 29, pl. i, fig. 6 (1880).

Agylla gigantea, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ii, p. 212

(1900); Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 377 (1901).

Five male and nine female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June and July, 1899; at Tobetsu, Oshima,

Yezo, in July, 1902, and at Nikko, July, 1893. This

species was very common at light at Tobetsu Lighthouse,

near Hakodate. The series does not show any variation in

colour and varies in expanse from 30 mm., fg, to 41 mm., 9.

Staudinger and Hampson record this species from Japan,

but Leech omits it.

Local distribution. Honpno; YEzo.

General distribution. K. SrpeRtA (Amurland, Ussuri) ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 284.

Genus PARAONA.

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 8; Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., 11, p. 228 (1900).

oD.

Paraona staudingert.

Paraona stawdingert, Alph., Rom. sur Lép., ix, p. 168,

pl. xii, fig. 8, 2 (1897); Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ii,

p. 228 (1900).

Five male specimens and one female taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, 1895, 1899, 1900 and 1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HOoNDo.

General distribution. WESTERN CHINA; COREA;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 282.

Genus SCHISTOPHLEPS.

Hampson, Ill. Het. B. M., viii, p. 53 (1891); id., Cat.

Lep. Phal., 11, p. 527 (1900).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 195

Schistophleps bipuncta.

Schistophleps bipwneta, Hampson, Ill. Het. B. M., p. 54,

pl. exl, fig. 28 (1891) ; id., Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

li, p. 125 (1894); cd., Cat. Lep. Phal., ii, p. 527,

fig. 380 (1900).

Three male and five female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in July, August and September, 1899 and 1901,

and at Kure, Satsuma, July, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; Kytsnxt.

General distribution. INDIA; (Assam: Naga Hills,

Nilgiris); CEyLon; BURMA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 343.

Family NOCTUIDAE.

Sub-family A4GROTINAE.

Genus TIMORA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., ix, p. 1382 (1856); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., iv, p. 108 (1903).

ioe

Timora tosta.

Masalia tosta, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1888, p. 411 ;

Buitl., Ill. Het. B. M., vii, p. 67, pl. cxxx, fig. 7.

Timora tosta, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., iv, p. 115,

pl. lviii, fig. 17 (1898).

A female specimen from Yoshino, Yamato, in August,

1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. INDIA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1014.

Genus EUXxOA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 209 (1827); Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal.,

iv, p. 153 (1903).

196 Mr. A. E. Wig@haan on New and Unrecorded Species

Kuxoa oberthiira.

Agrotis tritici, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900, p. 29

(nec. Linn.).

ELuxoa oberthiivi, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., iv, p. 310,

pl. Ixvu, fig. 1 (1903).

One male and six female specimens taken at Tobetsu,

province of Oshima, and Tokyo in August, September,

October, 1894, 1902, 1903. Two specimens also received

from Mr. Andrews, Hakodate. The specimen from Pryer’s

collection referred by Leech to A. tritici (loc. cit.) is

considered by Hampson to be referable to . oberthiiri.

Local distribution. YEZO; Honpo.

General distribution. W. CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 849.

Huxoa intracta.

Agrotis intracta, Walk., x, p. 346 (1856).

Spoelotis ambigua, Butl., Il. Het. B. M., vii, p. 54, pl. exxvin,

figs. 10, 11 (1889).

Agrotis modesta, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900, p. 28

(nec. Moore).

Huxoa intracta, Walk.; Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., iv,

p. 315, pl. Ixvii, fig. 6 (1903).

Unrecorded from Japan by Leech, but recorded by

Hampson. Recorded by Leech from China and referred

by him to Agrotis modesta, Moore.

Local distribution. Honpo, Yokohama (Lewis, Prycr),

Oiwake (Leech); YEZO, Hakodate (Leech).

General distribution. INDIA; TIBET; SIKHIM; W.

CHINA; JAPAN.

Genus EPIsILia. .

Hiibner, Verz., p. 210 (1827); Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal.,

iv, p. 467 (1908).

10.

Episilia festiva.

Noctua festiva, Schiff, Wein, Verz., p. 314 (1776); Hiibn.,

Noct., 467,

of Leyndoptera Heterocera from Japan. 197

Noctua primulae, Esp., Schmett., iv, pl. exxxvi, figs. 5, 6

(1786).

Episilia festiva, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. iv, p. 491

(1903).

One male specimen unlocalised from Japan.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

General distribution. EUROPE; ARMENIA; W. SIBERIA ;

W. TuRKESTAN; E. TURKESTAN: TIBET; JAPAN.

Collection number, 853.

Genus MYTHIMNA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 238 (1827); Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal.,

iv, p. 602 (1908).

iii

Mythimna leucographa.

Noctua leucographa, Schiff, Wein. Verz., p. 83 (1775),

Hiibn., Noct., 411, 572.

Pachnobia leucographa, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 158

(1901).

Mythima leucographa, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., iv, p. 604,

fig. 105 (1903).

A female specimen taken at Hakodate, April, 1902.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. EUROPE; E. SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 921.

Sub-family HADENINAE.

Genus POLIA.

Treitschke, Schmett. Eur., v (2), p. 5 (1825); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 60 (1905).

Polia bilinea.

Polia bilinea, Wileman, ined.; Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal.,

pl. xevi, fig. 11, p. 603 (1905).

Seven male and six female specimens taken in June,

July, August and September, 1895, 1899, 1900 and 1901,

at Yoshino, Yamato.

Expanse of series, smallest f 25 mm., largest 2? 32 mm.

198 Mr. A. E. Wik@@Hian on New and Unrecorded Species

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, August, 1899 (not from

Tokyo as stated by Hampson, v, p. 603, supra), in collection

Wileman. Cotype from Tokyo, August, 1894. The

cotype seems to be referable to this species but is in poor

condition.

Described by Hampson from Japan, unrecorded by

Leech.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 86, 999.

to eee

Polia splendens.

Noctua splendens, Hiibn., Noct., 400.

Mamestra splendens, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 157 (1901).

Polia splendens, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 134 (1905).

Four male and three female specimens taken at Junsai

Numa, Oshima, July, 1896. This species was common at

light at the Tobetsu Lighthouse, near Hakodate, in July

and August, 1902.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. EuRoPE; E. SIBERIA; COREA;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 885.

Genus CHABUATA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xiv, 1034 (1857); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 259 (1905).

14.

Chabuata inanis.

Leucania inanis, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., vy, p: 70; pl.an,

fig. 4 (1880); Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., 193.

Chabuata inanis, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 268

(1905).

Unrecorded by Leech from Japan, but recorded by

Hampson, one specimen in collection Piingeler from

Nikko.

One male specimen taken at Tobetsu, province of

Oshima, Yezo, June, 1902.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 199

Local distribution. Hondo; YEZO.

General distribution. East SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 918.

Genus ERIOPYGA.

Guenée, Noct., i, p. 203 (1852); Hampson, Cat. Lep.

Phal., v, p. 291 (1905).

15.

Eriopyga grandis, ab. nov. bicolor. (Plate XXX, fig. 22.)

Mythimna grandis, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5),

i, p. 79 (1878); id., Ill. Het. B. M., ii, p. 22, pl. xxvin,

1 eae

Eriopyga grandis, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 307,

fig. 66 (1905).

The form bicolor, of which I have two females from

Tdbetsu, province of Oshima, Yezo, has the area of fore-

wings within the antemedial line, and that beyond the

postmedial line clouded or suffused with blackish on their

outer margins. Female type from Tobetsu, July, 1902.

The second female July, 1903, same locality.

Local distribution. YEzoO, Hakodate (Pryer); type of

grandis, ab. bicolor, 2, ToBersu (Wileman); Honpo,

Oiwake (Pryev), Tokyo, Yokohama (Maries, Jonas, Pryer).

General distribution. COREA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1023a.

16.

Hriopyga fuliginosa.

Hyphilare fuliginosa, Wileman, ined.

Eriopyga fuliginosa, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 609,

pl. xevi, fig. 14 (1905).

Four males and three females. Three received from

Mr. Andrews, Hakodate, and four taken at Tobetsu, Yezo,

in June and July, 1902.

Expanse of series, 50 mm., 2 58 mm.

Female type from Tobetsu, province of Oshima, Yezo,

July, 1902, in collection Wileman.

Recorded by Hampson from Japan, unrecorded by Leech.

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 902.

200 Mr. A. EK. Wiléfffin on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus CIRPHIS.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxxii, p. 622 (1865); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 478 (1905).

lives

Cirphis simplex.

Leucania sinvplex, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889,

p. 180; o.¢., 1900, p. 128.

Cirphis simplex, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal, v, p. 503

pl. xcu, fig. 7 (1905).

A male specimen taken at Tokyo in July, 1894.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HoNnpo.

General distribution. ASSAM; CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1015.

18.

Cirphis inframicans.

Leucania inframicans, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

i, p. 270 (1894). ol. Het By Mix 90; “pl cla:

fig. 2 (1893).

Cirphis inframicans, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 497

(1905).

Five male and one female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in August and September, 1899, 1900, and at

Oyama, Sagami, in April, 1894.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HoNnpo.

General distribution. INDIA; CEYLON; LowEeR Burma;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1013.

19.

Cirphis albicosta.

Leucania albicosta, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881,

p. 338, pl. xxxvui, fig. 10; Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1900, p. 127.

Cirphis albicosta, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 507, pl.

xcli, fig. 12 (1905).

Unrecorded by Leech from Japan, but recorded by

Hampson.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 201

Local distribution. Honpbo, Oiwake (Pryer).

General distribution. INDIA; SIKHIM; BHUTAN; TIBET;

W. CHINA; JAPAN.

20.

Cirphis postica.

Leucania postica, Wileman, ined.

Cirphis postica, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 535, pl.

xevi, fig. 12 (1905).

Two male and three female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in September and October, 1899.

The male type is from Yoshino (not from Yokohama

as recorded by Hampson, v, p. 535, supra), in collection

Wileman.

This species seems to come nearest to curvilinea, Hamps.,

from which it differs in having more numerous striae on

the forewings, and the hindwings are darker.

Local distribution. HONDO.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1005.

Genus BoROLIA.

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 334 (1881); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 556 (1905).

21s

Borolia stellata.

Borolia stellata, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 565, pl.

xciv, fig. 30 (1905).

Described by Hampson from Japan, unrecorded by

Leech.

Seven male and five female specimens taken at Tobetsu,

Junsai Numa and Hakodate, province of Oshima, Yezo, in

June, July and September, 1896, 1902, 1903; one male

from Sakura Jima, province of Osumi, August, 1898, and

another from Yoshino, Yamato.

Local distribution. Honpo, Yokohama (Pryer); YEZO,

(Wileman); Kytsnt (Wileman).

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1019 and 1020.

202 Mr. A. E. Wileggen on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus MELIANA. ;

Curtis, Brit. Ent., vi, Index (1829); Hampson, Cat. Lep.

Phal., v. p. 576 (1905).

22)

Meliana curvilinea.

Leucania curvilinea, Hampson, Ul. Het. B. M., viii, p. 67,

pl. exliv, fig. 3 (1891); Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ii,

p. 279 (1894).

Meliana curvilinea, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 582

(1905).

A male specimen taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in August,

1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. THonpo.

General distribution. INDIA; CEYLON; PERAK; HAINAN;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1018.

Genus LEUCANIA.

Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur., iv, p. 81 (1816), non-descr. ;

Treit., Schmett. Eur., v (2), p. 289 (1825); Hampson, Cat.

Lep. Phal., v, p. 590 (1905).

23.

Leucania pudorina.

Noctua pudorina, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 85 (1775); Hiibn.,

Eur. Schmett., Noct., figs. 401, 495.

Noctua impudens, Hiibn., Eur. Schmett., Noct., fig. 229

(1827); Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 191 (1901).

Leucania obscurata, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 474 (1892).

Leucania pudorina, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., v, p. 600

(1905).

Three males and two females taken at Tobetsu and

Junsai, province of Oshima, Yezo, in July and August,

1902, 1903.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. KuRropr; ARMENIA; ASTA M1INor;

EK, SIBERIA ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1021,.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 203

Sub-family CUCULLIANAE,

Genus CUCULLIA.

Schrank, Fauna Boica, 11, 2, p. 157 (1802); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., vi, p. 14 (1906).

24.

Cucullia jankowskit.

Cucullia gankowsku, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., x, p- 23, pl. 111,

fig. 2 (1884).

Cucullia jancousci, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vi, p. 25

(1906).

A series of ten male and two female specimens taken at

Tobetsu, Oshima, in July and August, 1902, 1903.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. EK, StpeRtA (Amurland, Ussuri);

JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1080 and 1396.

Genus SyMPISTIS.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 261 (1827); Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal.,

vi, p. 412 (1906).

25.

Symprstis melaleuca.

Noctua melaleuca, Thnbg., Diss. Ent., 11, p. 42, pl. ii, fig. 12

(1791); Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., 1, p. 218 (1901).

Sympistis melaleuca, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vi, p. 414,

fig. 141 (1906).

Two female specimens received from Mr. Nawa, of Gifu,

Mikawa, by whom they were captured in the vicinity of

Gifu, probably at some considerable elevation on Ibuki San

(Ibuki Mountain).

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo, Gifu (Nawa).

General distribution. North Europe; EAST SIBERIA ;

LABRADOR; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1092.

Genus CONISTRA.

Hubner, Verz., p. 229 (1827): Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal.,

vi, p. 443 (1906).

204 Mr. A. E. Wijgpran on New and Unrecorded Speeves

26.

Conistra ardescens ab. purpurea, var, nov.

(Plate XXXI, fig. 6.)

Dasycampa ardescens, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5),

iv, p. 364 (1879).

Cerastis vaceinii, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900, p. 78

(part), nec Linn.

Conistra ardescens, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vi, p. 455,

pl. evi, fig. 17 (1906).

Ab. purpurea $. Forewings purplish brown with pale ochreous

brown stigmata and submarginal band, the latter with black dots

on it between the veins. Hindwing blackish with reddish brown

fringes. Under surface reddish grey powdered with black, the fore-

wings suffused with blackish on the disc; all the wings have a

blackish postmedial lne and there is a blackish lunule on the

hindwings.

Expanse 38 mm.

A series of seventeen males and two females of purpurea

were taken at Junsai Numa, Oshima, in May, 1902. In

other specimens of C. ardescens taken at same time and

place, the forewings are greyish brown in colour and the

stigmata and submarginal band hardly paler.

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 839.

Genus COSMIA.

Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur., iv, p. 84, non-desc. ;

Treitschke, Schmett. Eur., v (2), p. 8379 (1825); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., vi, p. 497 (1906).

Cosmia fulvago ab. asiatica, Hampson

Noctua fulvago, Linn., Faun. Suec., p. 312 (1761).

Noctua cerago, Schitf., Wien. Verz., p. 87 (1776); Hiibn.,

Eur. Schmett., Noct., ff. 190, 444-5.

Xanthia fulvago, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. p. 208 (1901);

Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900, p. 19.

Noctua flavescens, Esp., Schmett., iv, pl. exxii, fig. 2 (1788).

Cosmia fulvago, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vi, p. 502 (1906).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 205

“Ab. 2, asiatica, Bang-Haas. ined. Forewing more

orange-yellow, the markings dark brown, the ante- and

postmedial costal patches absent; cilia dark brown at

tips.—Sir Daria.’ (Hampson, op. cit., p. 502.)

Fulvago has been recorded from Japan by Leech, but

hitherto var. asiatica, taken at Sir Daria, W. Turkestan, has

not been recorded so far east as Japan. I have one male

specimen and one female taken at Junsai Numa, province

of Oshima, Yezo, in September, 1901.

Collection number, 818.

28.

Cosmia tunicata.

Aanthia tunicata, Graes., Berl. ent. Zeit., 1889, p. 256 ;

Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., 1901, p. 207.

Cosmia tunicata, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vi, p. 503,

pl. cvii, fig. 13 (1906).

Not mentioned from Japan by Leech. One specimen

in National Collection, South Kensington, from Japan

recorded by Hampson.

Local distribution. Honpo, Oiwake (Pryer).

. General distribution. E. SIBERIA; JAPAN.

29.

Cosmia citrago.

Noctua citraygo, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. x, p. 578 (1758);

Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 207.

Noctua ochrago, Esp., Schmett., iv, pl. 177, fig. 1 (1791).

Aanthia subflava, Ev., Bull. Mosc., 1848, 111, p. 219, 1855,

iv, p. 871 and 1856, ii, pl. i, fig. 3.

Cosmia citrago, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vi, p. 508 (1906).

One male specimen taken at Junsai Numa, province

_of Oshima.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZ9.

General distribution. KUROPE; Asta MINOR; JAPAN.

Collection number, 816.

Sub-family ACRONYCTINAE.

Genus PARASTICHTIS.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 212 (1827); Hampson, Cat. Lep.

Phal., vii, p. 76 (1908).

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.) iE

206 Mr. A. E. Wijgpran on New and Unrecorded Species

30.

Parastichtis rurea.

AXylopasia rurea, Fabr.; Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1900, p. 67.

Hadena exstincta, Staud., Stett. ent. Zeit., 1889, p. 43.

Parastichtis vwrea, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vu, p. 97

(1908).

Unrecorded by Leech from Japan, but recorded by

Hampson.

Local distribution. Honpo, Yokohama (Lewis).

General distribution. EuropE; W. Siperta; W. and

E. Turkestan ; TrpetT; E. Srperta (Amurland); W.

CHINA; JAPAN.

Genus TRACHEA.

Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur., iv. p. 75 (1816), non-

descr.; Treitschke, v (2), p. 65 (1825); Hampson, Cat.

Lep. Phal., vir. p. 113 (1908).

Trachea albidisea.

Hadena albidisca, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 59, pl.

vi, fig. 17.

Dianthoecia nivescens, Butl, Ill. Het. B. M., vu, p. 58,

pl. cxxviil, fig. 2 (1889).

Euplexia albidisca, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1900, p. 87.

Trachea albidisca, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 141

(1908).

A male specimen taken at Junsai Numa, Oshima, in

July, 1896.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. Inpta (Dharmsala, Bengal, Nagas,

Nilgiris); WESTERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1393.

32.

Trachea secalis.

Noctua secalis, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. x, p. 519 (1758).

Noctua didyma, Esp., Schmett. Eur., iv, p. 378, pl. exxvi,

fig. 7 (1788).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 207

Noctua nictitans, Esp., pl. exxvi, fig. 6 (nec Linn.).

Noctua leucostigma, Esp., pl. clix, fig. 7.

Euplexia didyma, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 11,

p. 210 (1894).

Apamea didyma, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900, p. 60.

Trachea secalis, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vu, p. 211 (1908).

Two males and four females of the typical form; two

received from Mr. Andrews, Yezo, and four taken at

Jozanke, near Sapporo, Yezo, in August, 1896.

Two males and two females of the form /ewcostigma ;

three taken at Jozanke and one at Tobetsu, Oshima, in

August, 1902.

Two females of the form nictitans taken at Jozanke in

August, 1896.

Unrecorded by Leech from Japan, but recorded by

Hampson.

Local distribution. YEZO; Honpo, Oiwake (Pryer),

Yokohama (Jonas).

General distribution. KuRopE; ARMENIA; ASIA MINOR;

W. and E. TuRKESTAN ; INDIA; W. CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 899, 899a, 8990.

33.

Trachea (2) yoshinoensis, sp. n. (Plate XXX1I, fig. 13.)

dg. Head and thorax white, collar and patagia marked with brown ;

abdomen fuscous grey. Forewings white, stippled with brownish at

the base ; the costa is narrowly edged with brown, and from the

middle of this a bilobed brown patch is projected across the wing

almost to vein 1, the pale outlined, but indistinct, orbicular stigma

is enclosed in the patch, and on the outer edge of the patch is the

reniform stigma which is white faintly outlined in brown; the

costal edging, which is dotted with white beyond the middle, expands

at its termination before the apex; there is a brown mark on the

outer margin above the middle and an elongate one before the outer

angle, the latter is crossed by an indistinct brownish submarginal

line ; fringes golden brown chequered with darker and preceded by

a series of blackish triangular dots. Hindwings fuscous grey

becoming paler towards the base, discal dot black, fringes whitish.

Under surface pale fuscous, the inner marginal area of forewings

slightly opalescent; hindwings with a blackish discal dot.

Expanse 32 mm.

208 Mr. A. E. \Ygleman on New and Unrecorded Species

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, September, 1899.

A series of four male specimens taken in July and

September, 1895, 1899, at Yoshino, Yamato.

Allied to Trachea askoldis, Oberthiir, and possibly may

be a form of that species.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 887.

Genus EUPLEXIA.

Stephens, Il. Brit. Ent., Haust., ii, p. 3 (1829); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 219 (1908).

34.

HLupleara wlustrata.

Huplexia allustrata, Graes., Berl. ent. Zeit., 1888, p. 339 ;

Staud., Cat. Lep. pal, p. 185 (1901); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 225, pl. cxiu, fig. 29 (1908).

Recorded from Japan by Hampson, but not by Leech.

Local distribution. YEZO, Hakodate (Andrews); Honpo,

Yokohama (Lewis, Prye7).

General distribution. EK. SIBERIA (Ussuri); W. CHINA;

CorEA; JAPAN.

35,

Hupleaia aureopuncta.

Huplexia awreopuncta, South, ined. ; Hampson, Cat., Lep.

Phal., vii, p. 243, pl. exiv, fig. 10 (1908).

Five male and three female specimens taken at Tobetsu

and Junsai Numa, province of Oshima, in June, July,

August, and September, 1902, 1903.

Type male from Tobetsu, August, 1902.

Type female from Junsai Numa, July 1902 (not from

Tu-shima, as recorded by Hampson). Types in collection

Wileman.

Expanse, ¢ 40 mm., 2? 46 mm.

Described by Hampson from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 880.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan, 209

Genus PERIGEA.

Guenée, Noct., i, p. 225 (1852).

Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 292 (1908).

36.

Perigea cyclica.

Perigea cyclica, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 315,

pl. exv, fig. 29 (1908).

Described by Hampson from Japan, unrecorded by

Leech.

Local distribution. Honpbo, Yokohama (Manley, Pryer).

Habitat, JAPAN.

af.

Perigea contigua.

Prospalta contigua, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p. 122.

Perigea contigua, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vu, p, 314,

pl. exv, fig. 28 (1908).

A series of seven male and one female specimens taken

at Yoshino, Yamato, in June, July, and August, 1899,

1900, and at Junsai Numa, Oshima, July, 1902.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; YEzo; June to July.

General distribution. INDIA (Khasis); WESTERN CHINA ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 987.

Genus OLIGIA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 213 (1827); Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal.,

vii, p. 361 (1908).

38.

Oligia arctides.

Miana arcta, Oberth., Ktud. d’Ent., v, p. 72, pl. iii, fig. 14

(1880) (nec Led.).

Hadena arctides, Staud., Stett. ent. Zeit., p. 251 (1888) ;

ad., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 175.

Apamea (2) arctides, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

Hip. 64.

Oligia arctides, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 387 (1908).

210 Mr. A. E. Wileman on New and Unrecorded Species

Recorded by Hampson from Japan, but not by Leech.

Local distribution. Honpo, Tokyo (aries).

General distribution. EK. SIBERIA (Amurland, Ussur1) ;

N. CHINA; JAPAN,

Genus ERIOPUS.

Treitschke, Schmett. Eur. v. (1), p. 365 (1825);

Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 531 (1908).

3Y.

Hriopus placodoides.

Eriopus placodoides, Guen., Noct., 11, p. 296 (1852).

Callopistria placodoides, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

ll, p. 256 (1894).

Hriopus placodoides, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 540,

fig. 119 (1908).

A series of three male and seven female specimens taken

at Yoshino, Yamato, in June, July, August, and September,

1899, and at Ishidzuchi-San, Iyo, in June, 1896.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honno; SuHikoxu.

General distribution. INDIA; BORNEO; JAVA; MALACCA;

PuLo Laut; JAPAN.

Collection number, 985.

40.

Eriopus abolineola.

Eviopus abolineola, Graes., Berl. ent. Zeit., 1888, p. 337 ;

Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 184 (1901); Hampson, Cat.

Lep. Phal., x1, p. 547, pl. exii, fig. 2 (1908).

Callopistria rivularis, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1900, p. 111 (part), mec Walk.

Unrecorded by Leech from Japan, but recorded by

Hampson.

Local distribution. Honpo, Yokohama (Pryer).

General distribution. EK. Srperta (Amurland, Pokrafka) ;

JAPAN.

Al.

Eriopus clava.

Apamea (?) clava, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p. 66.

—

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 211

Eriopus clava, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 582,

pl. exxi, fig. 16 (1908).

One male specimen and one female taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June and July, 1899, 1900. Leech described

this species from China from a unique female type.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HoNnpo.

General distribution. WiSTERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1077.

Genus FAGITANA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxxii, p. 645 (1865); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 592 (1908).

42.

Faguiana datanidia.

Nephelodes datanidia, Butl., Cist. Ent., iii, p. 182 (1885).

Nonagria amoena, Staud., Stett. ent. Zeit., p. 254 (1888) ;

Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 467, pl. viii, fig. 7; id., Cat. Lep.

pal., 1, p. 187 (1901).

Fagitana datanidia, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 593,

pl. cxxi, fig. 20 (1908).

Recorded by Hampson from Japan, but not by Leech.

A series of eleven male and three female specimens

taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in September, 1899, 1900, at

Karuizawa, Shinano, August, 1895, and at Handa, Awa, in

October, 1896.

Local distribution. Honpdo, Yokohama (Pryer); SHI-

KOKU (Wileman) ; August to October.

General distribution. E. SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1030.

Genus CHYTONIX.

Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci, i, p. 66 (1874);

Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 600 (1908).

43.

Chytonix albonotata.

Bryophila albonotata, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 396,

pl. v, fig. 9; <d., Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 165 (1901).

Chytonix albonotata, Hampson, Cat. Lep Phal., vii, p. 610

(1908).

212 Mr. A. E, Whleman on New and Unrecorded Species

Unrecorded by Leech from Japan, but recorded by

Hampson.

Local distribution. Honvo, Nikko (in collectn. Piingeler).

General distribution. KE. StBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN,

Collection number, 1,038.

4A,

Chytonia nigribasalis.

Chytonix nigribasalis, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 611,

pl. exxu, fig. 5 (1908).

Four male and two female specimens taken in the

following localities: Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1896; Junsai

Numa, Oshima, July and August, 1896, 1902; Samajii

Awa, September, 1896.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Yrzo; HONDO; SHIKOKU.

General distribution. WESTERN CHINA (Wa-ssu-kow) ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1038.

Genus BRYOMOFA.

Lryomoia, Staudinger, Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 897 (1892) ;

Bryomoea, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 615 (1908).

45.

Bryomoea melachlora.

Bryomoia melachlora, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 397,

pl. v, fig. 10 (1892).

Bryomoea melachlora, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vu, p. 616 ;

fig. 160 (1908).

One female specimen taken at Jozanke, near Sapporo,

Yezo.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan. Identified from

Staudinger’s figure.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. EK. SIBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN,

Collection number, 631.

Genus BRYOPHILA.

Treitschke, Schmett. Eur., v (1), p.57 (1825); Hampson,

Cat, Lep. Phal., vii, p. 618 (1908).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 213

46.

Bryophila (2) pannosa, sp. n.

Q. Forewings dingy greyish brown with a whitish spot on costa

beyond the middle and a whitish apical dash, some whitish scales

between them ; three dusky irregular transverse lines, each originat-

ing in a black dot on the costa, the outer one (submarginal) diffuse.

Hindwings and the underside of all the wings rather darker.

Expanse 19 mm.

One example of each sex from Yoshino, Yamato, taken

in June, 1900.

Both specimens are in poor condition, but the female

being rather better than the male it has been described.

Local distribution. Hondo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1732 and 1949.

Genus HARRISIMEMNA.

Grote, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., iv, p. 298 (1873); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 648 (1908).

47.

Harrisimemna marmorata.

Harrisimemna marmorata, South, ined., Hampson, Cat.

Lep. Phal., vii, p. 650, fig. 165 (1908).

One male from Chizenji, near Nikko; and one female

from Tobetsu, province of Oshima. The former taken in

August, 1896, and the latter in August, 1902.

Closely allied to H. trisignata, Walk., from North

America, but separable from that species by the lesser

amount of black marking on forewings which in the

present species is almost confined to the central area.

Described by Hampson from Japan, unrecorded by

Leech.

Local distribution. YEZO; Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1397.

Genus JAMBIA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 109 (1863); Hampson

Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 654 (1908).

214 Mr. A. E, Wieman on New and Unrecorded Species

48.

LIambia transversa.

Tycracona transversa, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 95, pl. iv, fig. 5

(1882); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 11, p. 262

(1894),

Lambia transversa, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 657

(1908).

Unrecorded by Leech from Japan, but recorded by

Hampson.

One example of each sex taken ‘at Yoshino, Yamato,

June and July, 1899, 1900.

Local distribution. Honpdo, Yokohama (Pryer).

General distribution. S. AFRIcA; INDIA; PuLo Laut;

CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 893.

Genus AUCHA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xiii, p. 11387 (1857); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 661 (1908).

49,

Aucha variegata.

Acontia variegata, Oberth., Diagn., p. 15 (1879); Etud.

d’Ent., v, p. 81, pl. ii, fig. 7 (1880).

Calymnia variegata, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., p. 505 (1892).

Aucha variegata, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 661

(1908).

Three female specimens received from Mr. Andrews,

Hakodate. One of these differs from Oberthiir’s type figure

in having the white markings on the forewings yellow

instead of white.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. KK. SIBERIA (Amurland, Ussuri) ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1085.

Genus BRYOPHILINA.

Staudinger, Rom. sur Lép. vi, p. 398 (1892).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 215

50.

Lryophilina blandula.

Bryophilina blandula, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 398.

pl. v, fig. 11 (1892); id. Cat. Lep. pal. i, p. 168

(1901).

A series of ten male and three female specimens taken

at Yoshino, Yamato, in May, June, July, September and

October, 1900, and at Junsai Numa, Oshima, in July,

1902.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan. Identified from

Staudinger’s figure.

Local distribution. Hondo; YEZO; May to October.

General distribution. EK. StpERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 1046.

Genus CANNA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiii, p. 790 (1845); Hamp-

son, Cat. Lep. Phal., viii, p. 19 (1909).

51.

Canna malachitis.

Telesilla malachitis, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., v, p. 80, pl. iu,

fig. 9 (1880); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

li, p. 294; Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 130.

Canna splendens, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1888,

p. 412; Butl., Il]. Het. B. M., vii, p. 59, pl. exxviii,

fig. 4.

Canna malachitis, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., viii, p. 20

(1909).

Five male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

August and October, 1899, 1900, and at Nikko, in May

and August, 1893; one specimen unlocalised.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. INDIA (Sikhim); W. Cuina;

EK. SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1091.

Genus ACRONYCTA.

Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur., iv, p. 62 (1815), non-descr. ;

Treitschke, Schmett. Eur., v (1), p. 3 (1825); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., viii, p. 59 (1909).

216 Mr. A. E. Wiman on New and Unrecorded Species

52.

Acronycta jankowskii.

Apatela jankowskii, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., v, p. 69, pl. vii,

fig. 1 (1880).

Acronycta jankowskit, Staud., Rom, sur Lép., vi, p. 385;

Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 182 (1901).

Acronycta jancousct, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., viii, p. 75

(1909).

Staudinger and Hampson record this species from Japan.

Unrecorded by Leech.

General distribution. EK. SIBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

53.

Acronycta brumosa.

Acronycta brumosa, Guen., Noct., i, p. 52; Smith, Cat.

Noct. N. Am., p. 43.

Apatela persuasa, Harv., Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. 1, p. 271

(1875); Smith and Dyar, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxi,

p. 180, pl. iui, fig. 11; Dyar, Cat. Lep. N. Am., p. 108.

Acronycta brumosa, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., viii, p. 78,

pl. cxxiv, fig. 27 (1909); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soe.

Lond., 1900, p. 103, nee Guen.

One female specimen taken at Tdbetsu, province of

Oshima, in August, 1903.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. N. AMERICA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 960a.

5A,

Acronycta subornata.

Acronycta subornata, Leech, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1889,

p. 477, pl. i, fig. 6; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p. 103.

Acronycta subornata, var. brunnea, South, ined.; Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., viii, p. 85 (1909).

Var. brunnea is browner than the type, white markings

except on the submarginal line obsolete.

Male type from Tokyo, March, 1893.

One male specimen and one female from Tokyo, in

March and September, 1893, 1895.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 217

Described by Hampson from Japan, unrecorded by

Leech.

Local distribution. Honpo, Yokohama (Pryer); Tokyo

(Wileman), type f brunnea.

General distribution. COREA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 964.

55.

Acronycta albistigma.

Acronycta albistigma, South, ined.; Hampson, Cat. Lep.

Phal., viii, p. 93, pl. exxv, fig. 12 (1909).

Two male and two female specimens from Haramachi

and Kosadake, province of Higo, taken in June, 1893.

Male type from Kosadake in collection Wileman.

Local distribution. Kytsuv.

Habitat, JAPAN.

Described by Hampson from Japan.

Most nearly allied to A. hercules, Feld.; but the wings

are shorter and the brownish basal patch and white

orbicular stigma will serve to distinguish this species.

Collection number, 958.

56.

Acronycta catocaloida.

Acronycta catocaloida, Graes., Berl. ent. Zeit., 1888,

p. 313; Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., viii, p. 95, pl.

exxv, fig. 13 (1909).

Unrecorded by Leech from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO, Hakodate (Leech).

General distribution. EK. SrBERIA (Amurland, Ussuri) ;

JAPAN.

57.

Acronycta psi.

Noctua psi, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. x, p. 514 (1758); Esp.,

Schmett., iv, pl. exv, figs. 1-2; Staud., Cat. Lep. pal.,

p. 132.

Acronycta bivirgae, Tutt, Entom., p. 50 (1888).

Acronycta suffusa, Tutt, Entom., p. 50 (1888).

Acronycta altaica, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 132 (1901).

Acronycta psi, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., viii, p. 106 (1909).

218 Mr. A. E. VWgdeman on New and Unrecorded Species

Four male specimens taken at Yoshino, province of

Yamato, in September, 1899, 1900; Nikko, July, 1893 ;

Tokyo, June, 1894; Yokohama (Manley).

Unrecorded by Leech from Japan, but recorded by

Hampson.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. EUROPE; ARMENIA; ASIA MINOR;

Syria; W. TURKESTAN ; W: and E. SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 955.

58.

Acronycta incretata.

Acronycta increta, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), i,

p. 78; 2., Tl. Het. B. M.; ii, p. 12, pl. xliv,. fig. 5

(1879), nec Morr., 1874; Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 132.

Acronycta tridens, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p- 101, nee Schiff.

Acronycta incretata, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., viii, p. 109

(1909).

Recorded under évidens, Schiff, by Leech from Japan ;

referred by Hampson to increta, renamed diacretata.

Local distribution. Honpbo, Yokohama (Jonas, Pryer).

General distribution. N. CHINA; COREA; JAPAN.

Genus ATHETIS.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 209 (1827); Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal.,

vill, p. 299 (1909).

59.

Athetis (7) lapidea, sp. n.

g. Antennae ciliated, head and thorax pale greyish brown, abdo-

men fuscous grey with greyish brown anal tuft. Forewings pale

greyish brown tinged with pink; antemedial line blackish, irregular,

indented below the middle ; postmedial line blackish, serrated; a

black discal dot and a series of black dots on the outer margin; there

are traces of a dusky central shade and of a submarginal line.

Hindwings fuscous grey. Underside whitish, glossy, suffused with

fuscous on the costal areas; forewings have a dusky postmedial line

and the hindwings a discal dot.

9. Forewings rather narrower, the central shade and submarginal

line well defined.

Expanse 27 mm.

Male and female types from Yoshino, Yamato, August, 1899.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 219

A series of two male and"three female specimens taken

at Suma, near Kobe and at Yoshino, Yamato, in June and

August, 1899, 1901. The specimens range from 23 mm.

to 27 mm. in expanse.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 998.

Genus PETILAMPA.

Aurivillius, Nord. Fjir., p. 156 (1890); Hampson, Cat.

Lep. Phal., viii, p. 414 (1909).

60.

Petilampa palustres,

Noctua palustris, Hiibn., Eur. Schmett. Noct., f 367

(1808).

Hydrilla melanochroa, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 488

(1892).

Petilampa palustris, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., vii, p. 415

(1909).

A male specimen from Yoshino, Yamato, taken in June,

1900, is referable to var. melanochroa, Staud.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honvpo.

General distribution. Europe; ARMENIA; MONGOLIA;

EK. SIBERIA; KAMCHATKA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 996.

Genus PROXENUS.

Herr-Schaff, Eur. Schmett., ii, p. 240 (1845); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., viii, p. 430 (1909).

61.

Proxenus dissimalis.

Proxenus dissimilis, South, ined.; Hampson, Cat. Lep.

Phal., vil, p. 431, pl. exxxiii, fig. 15 (1909).

Four male and five female*specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, August and September, 1899.

Type in collection Wileman.

a Described by Hampson from Japan, unrecorded by

eech.

220 Mr. A. E. \ygleman on New and Unrecorded Species

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. SIKHIM; S. BorRNEO; PHILIP-

PINES ; JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1000 and 1000a.

Genus HADJINA.

Staudinger, Iris, iv, p. 286 (1891); Hampson, Cat.

Lep. Phal., vili, p. 521 (1909).

62.

Hadjina biguttula.

Mamestra biguttula, Motsch., Bull. Mosc., xxxix, i, p. 194

(1866).

Hadjina biguttula, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., viii, p. 523,

pl. exxxvi, fig. 11 (1909).

Unrecorded by Leech from Japan, but recorded by

Hampson.

Local distribution. Honpo, Tsuruga (Leech), Tokyo

(Maries), Yokohama (Fenton, Pryer).

General distribution. COREA; JAPAN.

63.

Hadjina ferruginea,

Hadjina ferruginea, South, ined.; Hampson, Cat. Lep.

Phal., viti, p. 531, pl. cxxxvi, fig. 20 (1909).

Female type from Shiokubi, near Hakodate, province

of Oshima, August, 1902 (not from Tu-shima as recorded

by Hampson, vin, p. 531, supra), in collection Wileman.

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1236a.

Genus HYDROECIA,

Duponchel, Cat. Méth., p. 114 (1844) ; Hampson, Cat.

Lep. Phal., ix, p. 35 (1910).

64.

Hydroecia basalipunctata.

Gortyna basalipwnctata, Graes., Berl. ent. Zeit., p. 341

(1888); Hampson, Moths India, ii, p. 171; Staud.

Cat. Lep. pal., p. 187.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 221

Gortyna intermizta, Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1891,

p. 480, pl. xix, fig. 11.

Hydroecia basalipwnctata, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix,

p. 49 (1910).

Unrecorded by Leech from Japan, but recorded by

Hampson.

Local distriBution. Yezo, Hakodate (Leech); Honpo,

Oiwake (Pryer).

General distribution. ASSAM; E. SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Genus ELYDNA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xv, p. 1712 (1858); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 158 (1910).

65.

Elydna lineosa.

Dadica lineosa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 349.

Caradrina palpalis, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p- 119 (part).

Elydna lineosa, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 167,

fig. 58 (1910).

Recorded by Leech from Japan under Caradrina pal-

palis, and separated by Hampson.

Local distribution. Honpbo, Tokyo (Maries), Yokohama

(Pryer).

General distribution. INDIA; W. CHINA; JAPAN.

66.

Hiydna truncipennis.

Elydna truncipennis, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 168,

fig. 59 (1910).

Unrecorded from Japan by Leech, described by

Hampson.

Local distribution. Kytsut, Satsuma (Leech); Honpo,

Tokyo (Maries), Yokohama (Jonas, Manley, Pryer).

General distribution. INDIA; CEYLON; W. CHINA;

N. Cuina; CoREA; JAPAN.

67.

Llydna albisignata.

Caradrina albosignata, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., v, p. 73, pl. iv,

fig. 1 (1880).

TRANS. ENT. SOC, LOND. 1911.—PaRT Il. (OCT.) Q

222 Mr. A. E. \jgleman on New and Unrecorded Species

Caradrina palpalis, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p. 119 (part).

Caradrina caeca, Oberth., Diag. Lep. Askold, p. 14 (1879).

Elydna albisignata, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 172

(1910).

Recorded by Leech from Japan under Caradrina pal-

palis, Butl., separated by Hampson and transferred by him

to Genus Elydna.

Local distribution. Honpo, Oiwake (Pryer), Tokyo

(Marves).

General distribution. ? 8. FRANCE; KE. SIBERIA

(Amurland); CoREA; JAPAN.

Aberration. Caeca; AMURLAND. Reniform stigma

of forewing without the white point.

Genus CALYMNIA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 235 (1827) ; Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal.,

ix, p. 186 (1910). |

68.

Calymnia jankowskii.

Eugraphia jankowskii, Oberth. Etud. d’Ent., x, p. 25,

pl. iii, fig. 8 (1884); Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 506

(1892).

Calymnia jancousci, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 195

(1910).

A female specimen taken in August, 1896, near Sapporo,

Ishikari.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. USSURI; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1084.

69.

Calymnia exigua.

Mesogona exiguva, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc., p. 182 (1881).

Calymnia saturata, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 504

(1892); zd., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 201.

Cosmia trapezina, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p. 158 (part), nec Linn.

Calymnia exigua, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 197,

pl. exli, fig. 31 (1910).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 223

Recorded from Japan by Leech as a form of trapezina,

Linn, and separated by Hampson.

Local distribution. YEZO (Pryer, Andrews); Honpbo,

Oiwake (Pryer), Tokyo (Fenton).

General distribution. E. StpERIA; W. CHINA; JAPAN.

70.

Calymnia bifascrata.

Grammesia bifasciata, Staud., Stett. ent. Zeit., 1888, p. 254;

id., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 482, pl. vii, fig. 8; Cat. Lep.

pal., i, p. 195, No. 1987 (1901).

Cosmia pryert, Leech, zd., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, p.

516, pl. li, fig. 11; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900, p. 154.

Calymnia bifasciata, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 200

(1910).

Eight male and two female specimens taken in the

following localities: Yoshino, Yamato, June, July and

August, 1899, 1900, 1901; Junsai Numa, Oshima, June,

1902; Tokyo, bred June, 1895. Oiwake (Pryer).

Recorded by Leech from Japan under pryeri, but

bifasciata has priority.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. KE. SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1078.

Genus NONAGRIA.

Ochsenheimer, Eur. Schmett., iv, p. 82 (1816), non-

deser.; Treitschke, Schmett. Eur., v (2), p. 309 (1825);

Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 321 (1910).

Nonagria (?) obscura, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax dark grey brown, abdomen fuscous grey.

Forewings grey brown with a slight purple suffusion, venation, espe-

cially the median nervure, prominent; two black dots between

veins 2 and 4. Hindwings fuscous grey. Underside fuscous grey,

hindwings paler.

Expanse 30 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, July, 1900.

Local distribution. Honvo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1031.

224 Mr. A. E. Wéitman on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus ARENOSTOLA.

Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 281 (1910).

12;

Avrenostola lutosa.

Noctua lutosa, Hiibn., Noct., fig. 232 (1802).

Arenostola lutosa, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 281,

fig. 120 (1910).

Six male specimens. One from Karuizawa, province of

Shinano, August, 1895; four from Tobetsu, province of

Oshima, and one from Junsai Numa, province of Oshima,

in June and September, 1902, 1903.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEzo; Honpo.

General distribution. Kurope; W. TURKESTAN; E.

SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1010, 10210, 1021e.

Genus ARCHANARA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxxv, p. 1737 (1866); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 292 (1910).

73.

Archanara resoluta.

Archanara resoluta, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 294,

pl. exliui, fig. 25 (1910).

Described by Hampson from Japan. Type from Tokyo

(Maries) in National Collection, South Kensington.

Unrecorded by Leech.

Two male specimens from Yoshino, Yamato, taken in

June, 1895, and August, 1899.

Local distribution. HONDO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1029.

74.

Archanara polita.

Nonagria polita, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxii, p. 629 (1865).

Archanara nonogriella, Walk., op. cit., xxxv, p. 1737 (1866).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 225

Archanara polita, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 296,

pl. exh, fig. 26 (1910).

Unrecorded by Leech, but recorded by Hampson from

Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo, Yokohama (Pryer, type).

General distribution. CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.

Genus CHASMINODES.

Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 349 (1910).

(Ca:

Chasminodes cilia.

Leocyma cilia, Staud., Stett. ent. Zeit., 1888, p. 263; Rom.

sur Lép., vi, p. 557, pl. x, fig. 10 (1892); 7d., Cat.

Lep. pal., p. 225 (1901).

Chasminodes cilia, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ix, p. 350

(1910).

A female specimen taken at Amagase, Yamato, July,

1894.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HONDo.

General distribution. E. SIBERIA (Amurland, Ussuri) ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1035.

Sub-family ERASTRIANAE.

Genus ENISPA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiv, p. 1275 (1865);

Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 40 (1910).

76.

Enispa leucosticta.

Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 59 (1910), pl. cl, fig. 16,

ined.

¢. Pale greyish brown, vertex of head white, antennae ciliated,

Forewings have two white transverse lines commencing as spots on

the costa but indistinct thence to inner margin, the antemedial is

hearly straight and the postmedial is slightly angled above the inner

margin. Hindwings with some white markings indicating a post-

medial line. Fringes paler, preceded by a series of black dots.

Underside fuscous markings of upperside faintly indicated.

Expanse 16 to 18 mm.

226 Mr. A. E. Wieman on New and Unrecorded Species

A series of eight males and two females, taken at Hase

and at Yoshino, province of Yamato, in May and June,

1900, 1901.

Male type from Yokohama in National Collection,

South Kensington.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1111, 1374.

tie

Enispa (*) ornata, sp. n. (Plate XXX, fig. 6.)

¢. Forewings bright ochreous, basal area clouded with purplish

brown; ante- and postmedial lines purplish brown, the enclosed

space also purplish brown but slightly paler, both lines crenulate

the outer one bent inwards under the cell; submarginal line

purplish brown, wavy, intersecting a cloud of the same colour on

the outer margin; a black colon-like discal mark. Hindwings

similar to the forewings, but there is no antemedial line and no

ochreous colour on the basal area, discal dot black. Fringes

ochreous marked with purplish brown and preceded by black dots.

Under surface pale fuscous tinged with ochreous on outer marginal

area. Forewings have dusky postmedial and submarginal lines

and the postmedial is continued on the hindwings.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1900.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 396.

Genus ORUZA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxiv, 1089 (1862); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 234 (1910).

78.

Oruza glaucotorna.

Oruza glaucotorna, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 249

(1910).

Two males and two females taken in May, June, July

and August, 1894, 1895, at the following localities ;

Hayakusu, province of Higo; lida-San, province of Higo;

Kure and Chiran, province of Satsuma.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 227

g Type in National Collection, from Kyiashit (ex coll.

Leech).

Local distribution. KYUsHv.

General distribution. COREA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 541.

Genus CORGATHA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, 215 (1858); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 286 (1910).

io:

Corgatha nitens.

Celeopsyche nitens, Butl., Ill. Het. B. M., iii, p. 68, pl. vii,

. fig. 10 (1879).

Corgatha fasciola, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p. 512.

Congatha nitens, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 291 (1910).

Re-described by Leech from Japan as Corgatha fasciola.

Nitens was not recorded by Leech from Japan.

Twelve male and six female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, July, August and September, 1899,

1900.

Local distribution. Honpo, Yokohama (Pryer), Tokyo

(Fenton), Sakata (Leech), Yoshino ( Wileman).

General distribution. CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1703.

80.

Corgatha ruficeps.

Thermesia ruficeps, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vii,

p. 186 (1864); Swinh., Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., ii,

py (0s pla, fig U7.

Thermesia sparsa, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vii, p. 187

(1864).

Corgatha castaneiceps, Hampson, Moths India, iv, p. 519

(1896).

Corgatha ruficeps, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 294

(1910), pl. clvu, fig. 18, ined.

Six males and four females from Yoshino, province of

Yamato, taken in August and September, 1899, 1900;

228 Mr. A. E. eleman on New and Unrecorded Species

at Yokohama in July, 1898; one specimen unlocalised.

These specimens range from 18 to 27 mm. in expanse,

and they are all brighter in colour and markings than

Indian examples.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. CEYLON; BORNEO; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1108.

81.

Corgatha yoshinoensis, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 14.)

¢. Ochreous brown, tinged with reddish and sparsely sprinkled

with black scales. Forewing slightly paler along the costa, three

black dots in the centre representing the stigmata; the antemedial

line ochreous outwardly shaded with greyish, indistinct on costal

area; postmedial line ochreous, inwardly shaded with greyish,

indented above the middle thence slightly curved to. inner margin ;

submarginal line ochreous, oblique from costa to outer extremity

of vein 4, thence wavy to the tornus. Hindwing has a grey-edged

ochreous discal lunule ; postmedial line ochreous inwardly shaded

with greyish, and obtusely angled at middle; submarginal line

similar to that on the forewing. Under surface whitish brown,

all the wings have a dusky medial line.

Expanse 22 mm.

A series of four male specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in May and July, 1900, allied to C. mira (Butl.),

but distinguished by the different colour, and the direction

of the transverse lines.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1102.

82.

Corgatha (?) pygmaea, sp. n.

3d. Pale brown with a strong vinous suffusion and sparingly

powdered with black atoms. Forewings have a discal dot and an

oblique postmedial line. Hindwings have a blackish discal dot

and a medial line, the latter appearing to be a continuation of the

line on forewings; a marginal series of black dots. Underside

whitish brown, suffused with pale fuscous ; lines of the upperside

faintly indicated.

Expause 13 mm.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 229

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, July, 1900.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1110.

Genus STENOLOBA.

Staudinger, Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 381 (1892); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 366 (1910).

83.

Stenoloba jankowskit.

Dichagyris jankowskii, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., x, p. 28,

pl. in, fig. 5 (1884); Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 361.

Edema nivilinea, Leech, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1888,

p. 638, pl. xxxu, fig. 1; 2d., Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1898, p. 300.

Stenoloba jankowskii, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1899,

p. 216.

Stenoloba jancousci, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 367

(1910).

Recorded by Leech from Japan, in family Notodontidae,

as Stenoloba jankowskw transferred by Hampson to the

Noctuidae.

Local distribution. Honpo, Oiwake, Yokohama (Pryer).

General distribution. EK. SIBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Genus OZARBA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxxii, 684 (1865); Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 393.

84.

Ozarba incondita.

Metachrostis incondita, Butl., Ul. Het. B. M., vii, p. 69,

pl. exxx, fig. 13 (1889); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, ii, p. 328 (1894).

Ozarba incondita, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 448

(1910).

Two male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, and

lida-San, Higo, in May, 1899 and 1900.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

230 Mr. A. Eigileman on New and Unrecorded Species

Local distribution. Honpo; Kytsat.

General distribution. INDIA; BURMA; CEYLON ; SINGA-

PORE; CENTRAL and W. CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1065.

85.

Ozarba (2) obliquisigna.

Metachrostis obliquisigna, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, 11, p. 326 (1894).

A series of nine male and one female specimens taken

at Yokohama in August, 1898, and at Yoshino, Yamato,

in August, 1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honnpo.

General distribution. DHARMSALA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1375.

Genus EULOCASTRA.

Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 419 (1886) ; Hampson,

Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 618 (1910).

86.

Eulocastra undulata.

Erastria wndulata, Snell., Veth’s Midden. Sumatra Lep.,

p. 45 (1880). |

Acontia eaxcisa, Swinh., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 455

(1885); Hampson, Moths India, 1, p. 318.

Acontia excisa, Butl., Ill. Het. B. M., vii, p. 61, pl. xxix,

figs. 5-6 (1889).

Eulocastra undulata, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 625

(1910).

One male specimen and one female taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in July, 1900.

Hitherto recorded from Japan.

Local distribution. THoNnpo.

General distribution. InpDIA; Burma; NICOBARS;

PHILIPPINES ; SUMATRA; CELEBES; COREA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1099.

87.

Eulocastra latifasciata, sp. n.

3. Forewing fuliginous, with a broad antemedial, pale yellowish

band which is narrowed towards the costa, and is preceded and

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 231

followed by blackish marks in the cell, a yellowish spot on the

costa one-third from apex; there are indications of an irregular

yellowish band between the spot and the inner margin. Hind-

wings dark fuscous, discoidal dot still darker. Fringes of the

general colour with an inwardly blackish-edged pale line at their

base. Underside similar to the upper, but the yellow markings are

indistinct.

Expanse 19 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, July, 1900. Super-

ficially resembles H. aethiops, Distant, but is smaller, and

the wings, which are narrower, are distinguished by the

broad fascia.

Local distribution. Hondo, Yoshino (Wileman).

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1100.

Genus NARANGA.

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 359 (1881); Hampson, Cat.

Lep. Phal., x, p. 630 (1910).

88.

Naranga aenescens.

Naranga aenescens, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 359

(1881); Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 682 (1910),

pl. elxviii, fig. 3.

Naranga diffusa, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 157

(1900), nec Walk.

Diffusa, Walk., was recorded from Japan by Leech;

but these specimens, which are in the National Collection,

have been referred by Hampson to aenescens, Moore.

Local distribution. Honpo, Fushiki (Leech), Tsuruga

(Leech), Tokyo (Maries), Yokohama (Pryer); Kytsat

(Leech).

General distribution. CENTRAL CHINA; Formosa;

JAPAN,

Sub-family HU7ELIANAE.

Genus EUTELIA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 259 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, ii, p. 390 (1894).

232 Mr. A. Exg@ileman on New and Unrecorded Species

89.

Eutelia viridinota.

Hutelia viridinota, Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 52

(1895).

Two male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in June

and July, 1900, 1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HoNnpo.

General distribution. SrkHIM; BHUTAN (Cherra Punji);

KHASIS; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1130.

90.

Luielia grabezewskra.

Eutelia grabezewskvi, Piingeler, Deutsch. ent. Zeitschr.,

Iris, xvi, p. 289, pl. vi, fig. 5 (1904).

This species is only represented in the National Collection

by a coloured figure of the type. Unrecorded by Leech

from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo, Nikko (type in collection

Piingeler).

Habitat, JAPAN.

Sub-family SARROTHRIPINAE.

Genus GADIRTHA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xii, p. 1102 (1857); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 11, p. 367 (1894).

91.

Gadirtha inexacta.

Gadirtha inexacta, Walk., /.c.; Leech, Trans. Ent. Soe.

Lond., 1900, p. 514 ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, ii, p. 367, fig. 200 (1894).

Two male and three female specimens taken at Yoshino

and Tennokawa, Yamato, in June, July, August and

September, 1894, 1899, 1900; at Tokyo, March, 1898.

Two specimens agree with Chinese examples in being

much darker than the type.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

cy.)

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 233

Local distribution. HOoNnpo.

General distribution. SIKHIM; MOULMEIN; CENTRAL

and SOUTHERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 813.

Genus ASINDUMA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiii, Suppl. p. 900 (1865).

92.

Asinduma hampsoni, sp. n.

¢. Forewings blackish grey marked with black, ochreous, and

. pale grey ; the basal two-thirds of inner marginal area pale ochreous,

the upper edge indented ; antemedial line black, zigzag; postmedial

band black, edged with pale grey, curved ; submarginal band black,

crenulate ; stigmata pale ochreous, ringed and centred with black,

set in a greyish patch which is tinged with ochreous below the

stigmata ; fringes pale grey, traversed by a darker interrupted line.

Hindwings dark fuscous with paler fringes. Underside fuscous, the

costa of forewings marked with whitish. Thorax ochreous white.

Expanse 22 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, May, 1900.

A series of eight male and five female specimens taken

at Yoshino, Yamato, in May, June, July, August and

September, 1899, 1900 and 1901. Expanse of series,

$ 22 mm. to 24 mm. §.

Local distribution. HOoNDo.

Halitat. JAPAN,

Collection number, 1045.

Genus HYPOTHRIPA.

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ii, p. 383 (1894).

93.

Hypothripa ruficirra,

Hampson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvi, p. 540

(1905).

Described and recorded by Hampson from Japan.

One male and four female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in September and October, 1899, 1900, and at

Tokyo in April and October, 1894, 1895.

Local distribution. Honno (Yokohama type B. M.).

General distribution. Inp1A (Khasis); ASsAM; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1719.

234 Mr. A. E. Wgleman on New and Unrecorded Species

Sub-family ACONTIANAE.

Genus MACROCHTHONIA.

Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 599 (1881).

94.

Macrochthonia fervens.

Macrochthonia fervens, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1881, p. 599.

Lccopteroma falcata, Graes., Berl. ent. Zeit., 1889, p. 257,

2°; Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 506, pl. vu, fig. 10;

id., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 203 (1901).

LEecopteroma (?) pyrausta, g, Graes., Berl. ent. Zeit., 1889,

p- 258; Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 509.

Described by Butler from Japan. Unrecorded by Leech.

Six male and three female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in May, June, September and October, 1895,

1899, 1900, and at Junsai Numa, Oshima, in July, 1902 ;

also one unlocalised specimen.

My smallest male specimen, which measures 30 mm.

In expanse, agrees extremely well, both in colour and

markings, with the figure of Z. falcata, Staud. (supra),

whilst other specimens of the series which are darker agree

better with Butler’s description of MW. fervens, having an

oblique black-edged medial band on the forewings darker

than in Staudinger’s figure. The series measures in

expanse from 30 mm., smallest #, to 40 mm., largest 9.

Staudinger records #. falcata from Japan, but does not

mention fervens, Butler.

Local distribution. Honpo; Y&zo.

General distribution. HK. SIBERIA (Bussuri ?, Amurland) ;

CHINA (Che Kiang) ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1086.

Genus GELASTOCERA.

Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xx, p. 476 (1877);

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 1i, p. 427 (1894).

95.

Gelastocera dwplicata, sp. n.

?. Forewings pinkish pale brown, with greyish suffusion, median

area traversed by an oblique, double brown band, a short brown mark

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 235

on the costa towards the apex. Hindwings fuscous, paler and tinged

with ochreous on the outer area. Underside whitish tinged with

ochreous towards the margins, forewings have a blackish discal

suffusion.

Expanse 38 mm.

Female type from Yoshino, Yamato, September, 1899.

A series of three male and two female specimens taken

in July, August and September, 1899, 1902, 1903, at the

following localities: Yoshino, Yamato; Junsai Numa and

Tobetsu, Oshima.

Local distribution. Hondo; YEZo,

Halitat. JAPAN,

Collection number, 1405.

96.

Gelastocera (?) insiqnita, sp. n.

d@. Forewings light brown, powdered with darker ; ante- and post-

medial lines indicated by black dots; submarginal line dusky,

wavy ; reniform spot pale with two black dots on it ; a series of black

dots on the outer margin, and a small black spot on the middle of the

inner margin. Hindwings fuscous brown. Underside pale brown,

suffused with fuscous ; all the wings have an obscure postmedial line.

Expanse 20 to 26 mm.

Male type from Senzoku, Iyo, June, 1896.

Two male specimens taken at Senzoku, Iyo, and Takio,

Higo, in May, June, 1896 and 1899.

Local distribution. SHIKOKU; Kytsuv.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1566.

Genus WESTERMANNIA.

Hiibner, Zutr., ii, 23 (1823). Hampson, Moths India,

li, p. 358 (1894).

97.

Westermannia nobilis.

Heterogenea nobilis, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., iii, p. 196, pl.

xi, fig. 8 (1887).

Phirxolepia nobilis, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 392 (1901).

236 Mr. A. KE. Yjteman on New and Unrecorded Species

Three male and four female specimens from Yoshino,

Yamato, taken in June and July, 1900 and 1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HoNnpDo.

General distribution. EK. Srperta (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 119 and 119a.

Genus HALIAS.

Treitschke, Schmett. Eur., vu, p. 227 (1829); Hampson,

India, Moths, ii, p. 132 (1894).

98.

Halias magnifica.

Hylophila magnifica, Leech, Entom., xxiii, p. 83 (1890).

Halias magnifica, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p, 204

(1899).

A male from Toékyo, almost exactly identical with the

type which was from Chang-yang, Central China. This

specimen was bred on May 1, 1893, from a pupa dug up.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HONDo.

General distribution. CENTRAL CHINA ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 331.

Genus PARACRAMA.

Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii, p. 54 (1894).

99,

Paracrama dulcissima.

Nolasena duleissima, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc., vu, p. 76.

Paracrama dulcissima, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii, pl. cl., fig. 11.

Paracrama rectomarginata, Hampson, Ill. Het. B. M., viii,

p. 46, pl. cxxix, fig. 7.

Paracrama dulcissima, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

ii, p. 134 (1894).

A male specimen taken at Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honno.

General distribution. NAGAS; NILGIRIS; CEYLON;

ANDAMANS; BORNEO; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1401.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 237

Genus SINNA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxxii, p. 641 (1865); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 1, p. 128 (1894).

100.

Sinna extrema ab, wnicolor, ab. nov. (Plate XXXI,

fig. 25.)

Detopeia extrema, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., 1, p. 573 (1874).

Sinna extrema, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1899, p. 202.

ab. wnicolor. Uniform creamy white without markings ; hind-

wings shining, with a faint pinkish tinge.

One example of wricolor from Ishidzuchi-San, Iyo, July,

1896

Local distribution. SHIKOKU.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1394.

Genus SIGLOPHORA.

Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 123; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 11, p. 185 (1894).

101.

Siglophora ferreolutea.

Siglophora ferreolutea, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1895, p. 206.

Siglophora (2) ferruginea, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1899, p. 206.

This species was re-described by Leech from Japan,

under the name of ferruginea. Two males and one female

taken at lida-San, Higo, in May, 1899, and at Omine-San and

Yoshino, Yamato, in August and September, 1894 and 1900.

Local distribution. Kytsut'; Honpo.

General distribution. SIKHIM; JAPAN.

Collection number, 332.

Genus RISOBA.

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 328; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ii, p. 398 (1894).

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.) R

238) Mr. A. K.gileman on New and Unrecorded Species

102.

Risoba obstructa.

Risoba obstructa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 328 ;

ad., Lep. Ceyl, iui, pl. exliv, figs. 2, 2a, ‘2b (larva).

tisoba vialis, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. “91, vl. iv, fig. 1.

Risoba prominens, Moore, Proc. Zool, Soe. Lond., 1881,

p. 329.

fisoba obstructa, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, 1, p. 398

(1894).

A series of four male and eleven female specimens taken

at Yoshino, Yamato, in June, July, August and September,

1899, 1900, 1901. All these specimens seem to be refer-

able to obstructa, Moore. The oblique white basal band

on forewings varies greatly in width and is sometimes

immaculate and sometimes suffused with fuscous.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. NortH CHINA; INDIA, CEYLON

and BurMA; Manacca; JAVA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1124.

Sub-family CA TOCALINAE.

Genus SPIRAMA.

Guenée, Noct., iii, p. 94 (1852) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, li, p. 552 (1892).

103.

Spirama pudens.

Spirama pudens, Walk., Cat., xiv, p. 1829.

Enmonodia hypopyroies, Walk., Cat., xiv, p. 1333.

Hypopyra persimilis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877,

p- 608.

Spiruma pudens, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, u, p.

555.

Hampson records this species from Japan, unrecorded by

Leech. One specimen from the island of Tsushima, in the

National Collection.

Local distribution. 'TSUSHIMA.

General distribution. JAPAN; ANDAMANS; SUMATRA;

BoRNEO ; NIAS.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 239

Genus NYCTIPAO.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 271 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, u, p. 458 (1894).

104.

Nyctipao macrops.

Nyctipao macrops, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p. 547; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 11, p. 459.

One female specimen taken at Maeda, Iyo,in August, 1896.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. SHIKOKU.

General distribution. AFRICA; MApAGascaR; INDIA;

CrYLON ; BuRMA; CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1196.

Genus CATOCALA.

Schrank, Fauna Boica, ui, 2, p. 158 (1802); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, u1, p. 439 (1894).

105.

Catocala rutha, sp. n. (Plate XXX, fig. 3.)

9. Forewings pale bluish grey, with pale ochreous patches around

the reniform stigma ; antemedial line black, deeply indented at the

median and the submedian nervures, preceded by black band-like

clouding ; postmedial line black, serrate, angled on costa beyond end

of cell, followed by a rust black band, which is interrupted below the

middle by an ochreous patch ; the outer marginal area is traversed

by a serrated black line, and one of the ground colour ; fringes grey

tipped with whitish between the nervules, and preceded by an

ochreous line with whitish dots on it. Hindwings orange yellow

with a black stripe along the abdominal fold; antemedial band

black, outwardly oblique almost to outer margin then curved to

inner margin crossing to abdominal stripe ; postmedial band black,

with irregular edges, broad on the costa, and very narrow between

veins 1 and 2, the inner edge projected inwards towards antemedial

band between veins 2 and 3. Underside yellowish ; forewings have

a sinuous black line and black band on outer margin ; hindwings

have black markings as on upperside, but the stripe on the abdominal

fold is narrower.

Expanse 62 mm.

240 Mr. A. EK. \jiteman on New and Unrecorded Species

Female type from Yoshino, Yamato, September, 1899.

Allied to C. connexa, Butl, but distinguished from that

species by the variegated median area of forewings, the less

pronounced angulation of the postmedial line and the broad

band beyond that line.

Local distribution. Hono.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1180.

106.

Catocola Jraxini.

Noctua fraxint, Linn., Syst. Nat., x, p. 512 (1758);

Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 247 (1901).

Catocola moerens, Fuchs., Jahrb. Nass., xlu, p. 210 (1889)

ab. (et v. 2).

Catocola gaudens, Staud., Stett. ent. Zeit., p. 56 (1882),

var. (et ab. 7).

A male specimen received from Mr. Sargent, of Yoko-

hama, which he captured at Kose, Karuizawa, province of

Shinano, October, 1895; several other specimens were also

taken by him in the same locality, about 4000 ft. elevation.

This specimen may possibly be referable to ab. moerens,

as Staudinger records this from E. Siberia (Ussuri).

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. KuRoPE; ARMENIA; W. and E.

SIBERIA; ALA TAN; TARBAGATIA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1197.

107.

Catocala hetaera.

Catocala hetaera, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 592, pl. x,

fig. 4 (1892); Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 249, No. 2709

(1901).

Staudinger describes hetaera from Ussuri, and also

records it from Japan, with a query as to whether it is a

variety or a distinct species.

Unrecorded by Leech.

General distribution. KE. StBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN (var. ?

or distinct species ?).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 241

Genus OPHIUSA.

Ochsenheimer, Eur. Schmett., iv, p. 93 (1816); Hamp-

son, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, u, p. 498 (1894).

108.

Ophiusa triphaenoides.

Ophiusa triphaenoides, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xiv, p. 1358 ;

Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, u, p. 505 (1894).

A series of nine male and three female specimens taken

at Yoshino, Yamato, June, July, August and September,

1895, 1899, 1900, and at Beppu, Bungo, in May, 1893.

My series comprises both very light and very dark

specimens.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. 'HONDO; KyUsHt ; May to September.

General distribution. Formosa; N.W. and E. Hima-

LAYAS; BENGAL; W. and S. INDIA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1153.

109.

Ophiusa fulvotaenia.

Ophiusa fulvotaenia, Guen., Noct., iii, p. 272; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl., iii, pl. elxxi, fig. 1; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, u1, p. 504 (1894).

Hampson records this species from Japan, unrecorded

by Leech. Not represented from Japan in the National

Collection.

General distribution. JAPAN; CHINA; Formosa;

throughout INDIA; CEYLON and BuRMA; SUMATRA; JAVA.

ELO:

Ophiusa dotata.

Noctua. dotata, Fabr., Ent. Syst., iii, 2, p. 55 (1794).

Ophiusa dotata, Van der Hoev., Lep. Nov., pl. iv, figs. 3, a, 6;

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ii, p. 496 (1894).

Four male specimens taken at Tida-San, Higo, in June,

1893.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

242 Mr. A. Ke Witloman on New and Unrecorded Species

Local distribution. Kytsuv.

General distribution. Throughout INDIA; CEYLON and

BURMA ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1158.

bag:

Ophiusa melicerte.

Noctua melicerte, Drury, Ill. Exot. Ins. i, p. 46, pl.

xxiii, fig. 1 (1770); Moore, Lep. Ceyl., ui, pl. clxviii,

figs. 2, 2a, 2b (larva); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, u, p. 494.

Noctua tigrina, Fabr., Spec. Ins., p. 218.

Achaea catella, Guen., Noct., 111, p. 247.

Catocala travers, Fereday, Trans. N. Z. Inst., 1x, p. 457,

pl. xvii.

Two male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

August, 1900, and Tobetsu, Oshima, August, 1902.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HoNnbo; YEZO.

General distribution. ETHIOPIAN, ORIENTAL and AUS-

TRALIAN REGIONS; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1159.

Sub-Family MOMINAE.

Genus MoMA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 203 (1827); Hampson, Moths India,

li, p. 435 (1894).

112.

Moma champa, var. ainu. var. nov. (Plate XXX, fig. 19.)

Moma champa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 4038, pl.

xxxill, fig, 2 (1879); Hampson, Moths India, ii,

p. 435, fig. 246 (1894); Alph., Rom. sur Lép., ix,

p. 158, pl. xiii, fig. 4 (1897); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond., p. 525 (1900).

Trichosea champa, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 130 (1901).

Var. ainw differs from the type in having the postmedial line of

forewings more distinct. This forms a curve from the costa to below

the middle of the wing, thence inwardly oblique to the inner

margin. The hindwings are yellowish and broadly bordered with

blackish.

of Lepidopteru Heterocera from Japan. 243

Two males and two females from Tobetsu, June, July,

and August, 1903.

Local distribution. Kytsut (Leech); YEzO.

General distribution. INDIA; CEYLON; CENTRAL CHINA ;

E. SIBERIA ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1042a.

Genus PANTHEA.

Hiibner, Verz. p. 203 (1827).

iis.

Panthea coenolita.

Bombyx coenobita, Esp., Hur. Schmett., 11, pl. xxxviul, fig. 7

(1785).

Panthea coenobita, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 130 (1901).

Three male and four female specimens taken at the

following localities : Junsai Numa and Tobetsu, province of

Oshima, Yezo, May and August, 1903; Yoshino, Yamato,

May, June, August, September, 1896, 1899, 1900; Nikko,

June, 1896.

One specimen in the National Collection from Japan

from the island of Tsushima.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO; Honpdo; TSuUSHIMA.

General distribution. EUROPE; JAPAN.

Collection number, 482.

Genus DEMAS.

Stephens, Ilust. Brit. Entom. Haust., ii, p. 538 (1828).

114.

Demas wmbrosa, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 11.)

¢. Forewings grey suffused with brown on basal two thirds, the

outer limit of the suffusion oblique, outer marginal area suffused

with fuscous ; antemedial line blackish, irregular; postmedial line

blackish, wavy, curved round end of the cell; submarginal line

wavy, indistinct ; reniform and orbicular outlined in blackish.

Hindwings and underside fuscous.

Expanse 34 mm.

244 Mr. A. E. Vigeeman on New and Unrecorded Species

Smaller than JD. mus., Oberth., and the postmedial line

is differently formed.

Male type from Japan.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 66.

Genus TRISULOIDES.

Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), vil, p. 36 (1881);

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, u, p. 436 (1894).

1a:

Trisuloides sericea.

Trisuloides sericea, Butl., 1. c., p. 836 (1894); Hampson, /. ¢.,

p. 436, fig. 247 (1894).

One male and five female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in July, September and October, 1900, 1901,

and at Nakasho, Yamato, in June, 1894; one specimen

unlocalised.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. INDIA (Sikhim, Shillong); Assam;

CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1129.

Sub-family PLUSIANAE.

Genus PLUSIA.

Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur., iv, p. 89 (1816); Hamp-

son, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ii, p. 567 (1894).

116.

Plusia limbirena.

Plusia limbirena, Guen., ii, p. 350 (1852); Moore, Lep.

Ceyl., iui, pl. cli, fig. 5 (1884); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, 11, p. 568 (1894).

Plusia confusa, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 149.

Four male and two female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, August and September, 1896, 1899,

1900, and at Tokyo in October, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 245

General distribution. St. HELENA; S. AFricA; MApDaA-

GASCAR; ADEN; NorRTH-weEsT HIMALAYAS; SIKHIM;

NILGIRIS; CEYLON ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1200.

il rg

Plusia dauber.

Plusia daubet, Boisd., Ind. Méth., p. 159 (1829); Hamp-

son, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ui, p. 572 (1894).

A series of eight male and four female specimens taken

at the following localities: Yoshino, Yamato, in September

and October, 1899, 1900; Tarumidzu, Osumi, September,

1895; Kagoshima, Satsuma, July, 1895; Mamihawa,

Higo, October, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpdo; Kytsnu.

General distribution. EUROPE; SENEGAL; Conco;

HIMALAYAS; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1210.

Genus ABROSTOLA.

Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur., iv, p. 88 (1816).

118.

Abrostola asclepiadis.

Noctua asclepiadis, Schiff., Verz. Schmett., p. 91 (1776).

Abrosiola asclepiadis, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. i, p. 235,

No. 2516 (1901).

This species is recorded by Staudinger from Japan ;

unrecorded by Leech.

General distribution. EuRopE; E. SIBERIA (Ussur1) ;

JAPAN.

Sub-family VOCTUIN AE.

Genus SYPNA.

Guenée, Noct., iii, p. 144 (1852).

119.

Sypna replicata.

Sypna replicata, Feld., Reis. Nov., pl. exvii, fig. 25 ; Hamp-

son, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, u, p. 450 (1894),

246 Mr. A. E. WitMfan on New and Unrecorded Species

Sypna apicalis, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1881), p. 206 ;

Til. Het. B. M., Vi, pl. in, fig. 6.

Sypna lucilla, Butl, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. \p. 206 (1881);

Ill. Het. B. M,, vi, pl. iii, fig. 8.

Sypna plana, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 167, pl. v, fig. 24.

Sypna obscurata, Butl., Trans, Ent, Soc. ‘Lond,, p- 207

(1881) ; Ill. Het. B. M., vi, pl. ii, fig. 9.

Sypna floccosa, Moore, Lep. Atk., p- 167, pl. v, fig. 23.

Sypna renisigna, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885,

p. 25; Waterh., Aid., i, pl. clx, fig. 4.

A female specimen of the form Jucilla, Butl., taken at

Kure, Satsuma; one male and one female of the form

obscurata, Butl., taken at Tokyo, in October, 1893; and at

Miyazaki, Hyiiga, in September, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honbo; KYUSHU.

General distribution. DHARMSALA; SIKHIM; SHIL-

LONG; TAVoY; JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1137 and 1140.

Genus HYPOCALA.

Guenée, Noct., iii, p. 73 (1852); ee Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, i sp: 459 (1894).

120.

Hypocala subsatura.

Hypocala subsatura, Guen., Noct., iti, p. 75 (1852).

Hypocala aspersa, Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883,

p- 164.

Hypocala subsatwra, var. limbata, Butl., Ill. Het. B. M.,

vil, p. 76, pl. cxxxi, fig. 13 (1899) ; ‘Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, ii, p. 453, fig. 255 (1894).

One male and one female of the form aspersa, Butl.,

taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in August, 1900, and at

Tarumidzu, Osumi, in September, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; KyUsav.

General distribution. NORTH-WESTERN and EASTERN

HIMALAYAS; SYLHET; WESTERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1143.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan, 247

127.

Hypocala mooret.

Hypocala moorei, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x,

p. 21 (1892); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, u,

p. 454 (1894).

Hypocala efflorescens, Moore (nec Guen.), Lep. Ceyl., i,

pl. clx, figs. 5, 5a (1884).

One male specimen taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in July,

1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HoNDo.

General distribution. Wrst AFRICA ; NORTH-WEST

HIMALAYAS; SIKHIM; CANARA; CEYLON; WESTERN

CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1144.

Genus AEDIA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 260 (1827).

22:

Aedia leucomelas.

Noctua leucomelas, Linn., Syst. Nat., x, p. 518; Clerck,

Icon., pl. i, fig. 2.

Catephia ramburii, Boisd., Ind. Méth., p. 166 (1829).

Catephia leucomelas, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p: 555.

One male and three female specimens taken at Makura-

zaki, Satsuma, in August, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KyYtsHu.

General distribution. EUROPE; ASIA Minor; ARMENIA;

Persia ; NORTH-WEST AFRICA; COREA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1147.

Genus TRIGONODES.

Guenée, Noct., i11, p. 281 (1852) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, 11, p. 527 (1894).

Trigonodes disjuncta.

Trigonodes disjuncta, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 171; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 11, p. 528, fig. 294 (1894),

248 Mr. A. E. Wilthan on New and Unrecorded Species

A specimen taken in Satsuma province undated. The

body of this specimen was unfortunately eaten by ants

and the wings only remain, from which it has been

identified.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KytsHu.

General distribution. BomBay; NILGIRIS; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1156.

Genus TOXOCAMPA.

Guenée, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1841, p. 75; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 1, p. 245, 1894.

124.

Toxocampa stigmata, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 7.)

2. Forewings greyish with a faint violet tinge, powdered with

brownish, transverse lines and well-defined reniform stigma brown ;

antemedial line nearly straight, diffuse towards the inner margin ;

medial line slightly wavy, becoming diffuse below the reniform ;

postmedial band expanding towards the costa, its outer edge un-

dulated ; a series of black dots between the veins on the outer

margin, the upper ones preceded by whitish dots ; fringes grey.

Hindwings fuscous brown. Underside fuscous, outer marginal

borders darker.

Expanse 44 mm.

Female type from Hakodate, Yezo (Andrews).

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Seems to be most nearly allied to 7. dorsigera, Walk.,

but is separable from that species by the shape and colour

of the stigma.

Collection number, 974.

Genus BREVIPECTEN.

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 1, p. 361 (1894).

125.

Brevipecten consanquis.

Brevipecten consanguis, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p. 513.

of Lepidoptera Hecterocera from Japan. 249

One male and two female specimens taken at Ohoki,

Tyo, in July, 1896, and at Nakato, Hytga, in July, 1898.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KytUsHt ; SHIKOKU.

General distribution. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1113.

Genus ANTARCHAEA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 254 (1827).

126.

Antarchaea bilinealis.

Rivula (2) bilinealis, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p. 159.

One female specimen from Iteda, province of Awa,

September, 1896.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. SHIKOKU.

General distribution. CENTRAL CHINA (Ichang, f type) ;

LoocHoo IsLanpDs (= RyuKYU); JAPAN.

Collection number, 1390.

Genus ZETHES.

Rambur, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1833, p. 29; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 7 (1895).

127.

Zethes suffusa, sp. 0.

g. Forewings pale greyish brown with a pinkish discal suffusion,

subbasal line blackish, double, slightly angled below the costa ;

medial line blackish, zigzag ; postmedial line blackish, edged with

whitish and marked with ferruginous, especially at end of the cell,

where it is elbowed and the white edging dilated ; the area beyond

the line is tinged with ferruginous towards the costa ; submarginal

line blackish, dentate ; a series of black dots on the outer margin

and a blackish dot in the cell between the subbasal and medial lines,

a blackish cloud at end of the cell ; fringes tinged with ferruginous

from the apex to angle of the wing. Hindwings pale greyish brown

with indistinct blackish antemedial and submarginal lines, the

latter with two black spots on it near anal angle ; postmedia! line

similar to that on the forewings, and of which it appears to be @

250 Mr. A. E. Wigpan on New and Unrecorded Species

continuation. Underside whitish, the forewings suffused with fuscous

brown and marked with ferruginous on apical half of the outer

marginal area ; blackish discal line and a dusky transverse line on

each side of it ; submarginal line and dots as above ; hindwings

powdered with fuscous brown, discal mark, and slightly dentate

line beyond, blackish.

Expanse 27 mm.

Male type from Eboshi-yama, Osumi, September, 1895.

Two male specimens taken at Eboshi-yama and Taka-

kuma-yama, Osumi, in September, 1895.

Local distribution. KYtsHu.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1247.

128.

Zethes gensanalis.

Capnodes gensanalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 63, pl. ui,

fig. 9 (1889).

Zethes gensanalis, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p. 607.

One male specimen from Nikko, taken in August, 1893.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. COREA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1235.

129.

Zethes costaemacula.

Zethes costaemacula, Staud., Stett. ent. Zeit., 1888, p. 282;

Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 620, pl. xii, fig. 9.

Three female specimens taken at the following localities:

Haki, Higo, July, 1893; Kashiwagi, Yamato, September,

1894; Tokyo, September, 1893.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpbo; KyUsHU.

General distribution. EK. StpertA (Ussuri) ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1239.

Genus DIOMEA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xiii, p. 1109 (1857) ; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iti, p. 23 (1895).

——

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 251

1380.

Diomea jankowski.

Capnodes jankowskii, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., v, p. 87, pl. ix,

fig. 1 (1880); Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 608.

Three male and one female specimens taken at Junsai

Numa and Tobetsu, Oshima, in July, 1896, and 1902; at

Yoshino and Kashiwagi, Yamato, in Augustand September,

1894, 1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. WHonpno; YEZO.

General distribution. E. Srperta (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 1262.

Genus RAPARNA.

Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 177 (1882) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, iii, p. 24 (1895).

131.

Raparna nigripuncta, sp. n.

¢. Pale brown powdered with darker especially on the outer

margin. Forewings have blackish discal dot, a submarginal series

of black dots, becoming obsolete towards the inner margin, and

some black specks on the outer margin. Under surface pale brown suf-

fused with fuscous on the forewings, hindwings have a black discal dot.

Expanse 28 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, July, 1899.

Local distribution. HOoNpbo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1310.

Genus AVITTA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xv, p. 1674 (1858); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 28 (1895).

132.

Avitta puncta, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 21.)

¢. Forewings brown with a slight greyish suffusion, traversed by

five slender black lines, the first two irregular and indistinct towards

the costa, the others serrate ; reniform stigma represented by a round

252 Mr. A. E. Waleman on New and Unrecorded Species

black spot, the orbicular punctiform also black. Hindwings fuli-

ginous with brown fringes. Underside brown ; hindwings paler

from the base to the darker postmedial line, discal dot black.

Expanse 40 mm.

Male type from Ibusuki, province of Satsuma, August,

1894.

Local distribution. Kytsut.

Habitat. JAPAN,

Collection number, 977.

Sub-family HYPENINAE,

Genus COLOBOCHYLA.

Hubner, Verz., p. 344 (1827).

133.

Colobochyla rectilinealis.

Madopa rectilinealis, Graes., Berl. ent. Zeit., 1888, p. 380 ;

Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 255, No. 2791 (1901).

This species is recorded by Staudinger from Japan.

Unrecorded by Leech.

General distribution. Ussurt; NortH CHINA; JAPAN.

Genus Adrapsa.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 169 (1858); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 36 (1895.)

134.

Adrapsa reticulatis.

Adraspa (?) reticulatis, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1900) p66:

Two male and nine female specimens taken at Jozanke,

near Sapporo, Yezo, in August, 1896.

Leech described the type of this species from a unique

female specimen taken in Central China (Chang-Yang).

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1271.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 253

135.

Adrapsa ablualis.

Adrapsa ablualis, Walk., Cat. Lep., xvi, p. 170 (1858) ;

Hampson, Ill. Het. B. M., ix, pl. clxvii, fig. 6 (1898).

One male specimen taken at Chiran, Satsuma, August,

1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Ky0UsHu.

General distribution. CEYLON ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1399.

Genus BLEPTINA.

Guenée, Delt. et Pyr., p. 66 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 41 (1895).

136.

Bleptina caliginosa, sp. nD.

g$. Fuliginous brown. Forewings tinged with purplish; post-

medial line whitish, wavy, hardly traceable towards the inner

margin, preceded by a whitish lunule at end of the cell; sub-

marginal line whitish, sinuous, interrupted below the costa; fringes

dark greyish brown, preceded by an interrupted black line finely

edged outwardly with whitish. Hindwings dark fuliginous paler

on the costal area; fringes rather greyer preceded by a black line.

Underside of forewings fuliginous grey with traces of postmedial

and submarginal lines on the costal area; hindwings whitish grey

powdered with fuliginous, curved, diffuse, outer marginal area

fuliginous, traversed by a wavy line of the ground colour,

Expanse 28 mm.

Male type from Ishi Kaeva, near Hakodate, June, 1902.

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1282a.

137.

Bleptina medialis, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 30.)

Q. Head and thorax pale whitish brown, abdomen brown marked

with blackish. Forewings whitish brown freckled and clouded

with darker; antemedial line black indented below the cell and

sharply toothed above the inner margin; postmedial line black

TRANS, ENT, SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.) S

254 Mr. A. E. Wieman on New and Unrecorded Species

dentate, incurved beyond the cell; the space between the lines

blackish with a black central shade and discal lunule. Hindwings

marked similar to the forewings but the postmedial line is deeply

indented above the middle. Underside whitish, a blackish discal

lunule and abbreviated central line on forewings, and a discal mark

and two curved transverse lines on the hindwings.

Expanse 44 mm.

Female type from Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1899.

Two female specimens taken at Yoshino, in June and

July, 1899.

Local distribution. Onno.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1288.

Genus MASTIGOPHORUS.

Poey, Lep. Cuba (1832); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, iu, p. 47, 1895.

138,

Mastigophorus brevivittalis.

Bertula brevivittalis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867,

p. 87.

Mastigophorus brevivittalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, iii, p. 49 (1895).

One female specimen received from Mr. Nawa, of Gifu,

taken in the vicinity of Gifu, Mikawa.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HONDO.

General distribution. SIKHIM; KHASIS; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1276.

Genus HyDRILLODES.

Guenée, Delt. et Pyr., p. 65 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, ii, p. 53 (1895).

139.

Hydrillodes morosa.

Bleptina morosa, Butl., Il. Het. B. M., iii, p. 64, pl. lvi,

fig. 15 (1879); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii,

p. 54 (1895).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 255

Hydrillodes lentalis, Leech, (nec Guen.), Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond., 1900, p. 631.

Described by Butler from Japan.

Two male and one female specimens taken at Kobe,

May, 1899; Tokyo, April, 1895; Yoshino, Yamato, July,

1899.

This species was recorded from Japan by Leech and

referred by him to Hydrillodes lentalis, Guen., instead of

morosa, Butler.

Local distribution. HOonpo.

General distribution. CHINA; USSURI; COREA; CEYLON;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1282.

Genus NoODARIA.

Guenée, Delt. et Pyr., p. 63 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 56 (1895).

140.

Nodaria obliqua, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 15.)

6. Forewings greyish brown with a pale oblique submarginal

line ; the line is bordered with fuliginous, outwardly near the costa,

thence inwardly to inner margin; area beyond the line greyer in

colour; discal dot pale ochreous. Hindwings have the basal two-

thirds greyish brown, merging into darker brown towards the outer

limit; outer third greyish. Fringes greyish with black dots at their

base. Under surface of forewings fuscous grey and of hindwings

fuscous brown ; all the wings have a pale discal dot, but that on the

forewings is very minute.

Expanse 32 mm.

Male type from Takakuma-yama, Osumi, September,

1895.

A series of one male and three female specimens taken

at the following localities: Takakuma-yama, Osumi;

Ibusuki, Satsuma; Osuki and Nishi-no-kawa, Iyo, in July,

August and September, 1895, 1896.

Local distribution. Kytsat; Suixoxu; July to

September.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1268a, 12680.

S 2

256 Mr. A. E.@leman on New and Unrecorded Species

141. ;

Nodaria parallela, sp. n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 16.)

6. Forewings pale brown with three darker brown transverse

lines, the first is indistinct but appears to be slightly curved, the

second is angled beyond the cell thence inwardly oblique to the

inner margin, the third is almost straight commencing on the costa

at one-sixth from apex and slightly bent inwards below the middle.

Hindwings whitish brown powdered with darker and traversed by

two almost parallel brown lines. Fringes of all the wings preceded

by a blackish line. Underside whitish brown ; forewings suffused

with darker on discal area and traversed by a curved, brown, post-

medial line; hindwings suffused with darker on the margins and

traversed by two bands as on the upper side.

Expanse 30 mm.

One male and one female specimen. The male described

was received from Mr. Andrews, who obtained it at Hako-

date, and the female was taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

September, 1899.

There are three unnamed examples of this species in

the Leech Collection, now at South Kensington ; two from

Nagahama in Japan (Hondo), and one from Chang- Yang,

in Central China. .

Local distribution. YEZO; HoNnpbo.

General distribution. CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1302.

142.

Nodaria assimilata, sp.n, (Plate XXXTJ, fig. 11.)

d. Antennae serrate and fasciculate. Forewings light brown

with four darker transverse lines ; antemedial line indented below

the middle; medial line, erect, diffuse, the discal mark on it; post-

medial line curved inwards below the discal mark and then united

with the medial line; submarginal line indented below the middle.

Hindwings pale whitish brown with two darker transverse lines, the

inner one indented. Fringes agree with the wings in colour and are

preceded by a dark line. Underside pale whitish brown suffused

with ochreous on the costal area of each wing; all the wings have a

darker discal mark and two transverse lines.

Expanse 24 mm.

The markings are somewhat similar to those of

NV. tarsipennalis, Treit.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 257

Male type from Junsai Numa, near Hakodate, July,

1902.

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1345.

143.

Nodaria discisigna.

Leucinodes discisigna, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883,

p. 29.

Nodaria discisigna, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii,

p. 58 (1895).

Two female specimens taken at Nara, Yamato, May,

1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. SIKHIM; CEYLON; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1252.

144,

Nodaria leechi.

Nodaria leechi, South, Entom., xxxviii, p. 74 (1905).

Nodaria fentoni, Leech (nec Butler) (part), Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond., 1900, p. 632.

A female specimen from Dorokawa, Yamato, July, 1901.

The type of this species, from Fusan (Corea), is in the

British Museum.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. COREA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1293.

Genus CATADA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 209 (1858); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 61 (1895).

145.

Catada fatua.

Catada fatwa, Warr., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), viii, p.

65; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 542

(1896).

258 Mr. A. EM@fileman on New and Unrecorded Species

Six male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in June,

July and August, 1899, 1900.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution, KHASIS; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1376.

Genus OLULIS.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 826 (1863) ; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 111, p. 65 (1895).

146.

Olulis albistigma.

Zethes albistigma, Hampson, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc.,

? xi, p. 457 (1897).

Two female specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, and

at Kobe, in October and June, 1899, 1908.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HoNnnpo.

General distribution. KHASIS; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1248.

Genus LATIROSTRUM.

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 68 (1895).

147.

Latirostrum bisacutum.

Latirostrum bisacutum, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

ili, p. 69 (1895).

There is a specimen of this species from Japan in the

Washington Museum.

Type in collection Elwes.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Distribution. MUSSOOREE; SIKHIM; JAPAN.

Genus ANORATHA.

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 82; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 70 (1895).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 259

148.

Anoratha paritalis.

Hypena paritalis, Walk., xvi, p. 65 (1858).

Anoratha paritalis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867,

pl. vi, fig. 10, ¢ ; 2d., Lep. Ceyl., iii, pl. clxxvi, figs.

7, 74; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 70

(1895).

A male specimen from Odai-San, province of Yamato,

July, 1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo, Odai-San (Wileman).

General distribution. INDIA (Sikhim, Nilgiris); CEYLON;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1691.

Genus LIcHA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 836 (1859).

149.

Licha olwvescens.

Marapana olivescens, Hampson, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc.,

xvii, p. 678 (1907).

Three male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

September, 1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honno.

General distribution. S. INDIA; CEYLON; BorNeEo;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1255.

Genus MARAPANA.

Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii, p. 227 (1885); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 71 (1895).

150.

Marapana punctimargo.

Sarcopteron punctimargo, Hampson, Ill. Het. B. M., ix,

p. 115, pl. clxvi, fig. 22 (1893).

260 Mr. A. E. Wiit®man on New and Unrecorded Species

Marapana punctimargo, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, p. 72 (1895).

A male specimen taken at Yoshino, Yamato, May, 1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. S. INDIA; CEYLON; JAPAN.

Collection number, 12482.

Genus RHYNCHINA.

Guenée, Delt. et Pyr., p. 20 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, 111, p. 74 (1895).

151. :

Rhynchina abducalis.

Hypena abducalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 66 (1858).

Hypena curviferalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiv, p. 1510.

Hypena vigens, Butl., Ill. Het. B. M., ii, p. 55, pl. xxxvin,

fig. 4 (1878).

Hypena incurvata, Moore, Lep. Atk., ii, p. 189 (1882).

Rhynchina abducalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

il, p. 74 (1895).

One male specimen and one female of the typical form

taken at Kumamoto, Higo, in May, 1893, and at Tokyo,

in April, 1899; one male and two female specimens of

var. vigens, Butl., taken at Mifune, Higo, and Nobeoka,

Hyutga, in October, 1895; one male of var. curviferalis,

hitherto unrecorded from Japan by Leech, received from

Mr. Nawa, of Gifu.

Local distribution. Hondo; Kytsat.

General distribution. JAPAN; throughout INDIA; ANDA-

MANS; JAVA; CHUSAN ISLANDS.

Collection numbers, 1326, 1327, 1328.

Genus HYPENA.

Schrank, Fauna Boica, 1, 2, p. 163 (1802); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i1i, p. 76 (1895).

152.

Hypena pulverulenta, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 10.)

¢. Head and thorax whitish grey. Forewings whitish grey,

powdered with olive brown, and tinged with ochreous on the inner

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 261

marginal area; antemedial line oblique, blackish, not clearly

defined towards costa, uniting with the obscure, wavy, double post-

medial line below vein 2; submarginal line olive brown, broad on

costal area where it is outwardly edged with white, the apex of the

wing being whitish ; apical streak and line brown marked with

blackish ; fringes grey mixed with darker, preceded by a sinuous

blackish line which is only distinct towards the costa. Hindwings

fuscous grey, fringes paler with a sinuous blackish line at their

base. Under side fuscous brown, on the forewings the submarginal

line is indicated by a short blackish streak from the costa, this is

outwardly edged with white as also is the costa from the streak to

the apex of the wing.

Expanse 28 mm.

One male and one female specimen taken at Gokanosho,

Hytga, October, 1895. The female measures 26 mm. in

expanse.

Collection number, 1320.

153.

Hypena hampsonialis, sp. n.

d. Head, thorax and forewings violet grey. The forewings are

traversed by three darker lines, the antemedial is curved but indis-

tinct, the postmedial is slightly sinuous and outwardly edged with

whitish, submarginal line whitish marked with darker, wavy, inter-

rupted ; fringes preceded by a series of black dots. Hindwings

fuscous grey, fringes preceded by a dark crenulate line. Under

surface grey ; the submarginal line on the forewings is indicated by

white dots; most distinct towards the costa; hindwings have a

blackish discal dot and two transverse lines beyond.

Expanse 30 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1899.

In the type the ground-colour of forewings is confined

to the inner marginal area, the colour on the other

portions of the wing has been changed in some way and

is dingy ochreous. There is a fine example of this

species, from Japan, in the Natural History Museum at

South Kensington.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1337.

262 Mr. A. E. Wigan on New and Unrecorded Species

154.

Hypena caliginosa, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax brownish mixed with ochreous brown,

abdomen fuscous. Forewings dark brownish; antemedial line brown

edged with pale ochreous, oblique, terminating on vein 1; post-

medial line erect, wavy, pale ochreous edged inwardly with brown

and with black dots on it at end of the cell and on vein 2; sub-

marginal line indicated by pale ochreous dots and two black ones

towards the costa; four pale ochreous dots on the costa between

postmedial line and the apex of the wings and a series of whitish

dots on the outer margin ; fringes dark brownish tipped with grey

and preceded by a black line. Hindwings dark fuscous, fringes

tipped with grey and preceded by a black line which is interrupted

towards the costa. Underside of forewings fuscousbecoming paler

towards the base ; postmedial line indicated by an ochreous spot on

the costa, there are other ochreous dots on the costa towards the

apex ; hindwings whitish powdered with fuscous, thickly so on the

outer marginal area.

Expanse 28 mm.

Male type from Kobe, March, 1899.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1338.

155.

Hypena furva, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 17.)

¢. Forewings fuscous brown with a slight greyish suffusion ;

antemedial line wavy, indistinct ; postmedial line rather oblique,

ochreous, inwardly edged with black most pronounced at end of the

cell and between veins 1 and 2; submarginal line ochreous inwardly

edged with black, wavy, indistinct ; four ochreous dots on apical

portion of the costa ; fringes dark grey brown, preceded by a black

line and intersected by a thin blackish line. Hindwings dark

fuscous brown, fringes preceded and intersected by blackish lines.

Under surface fuscous grey, forewings have two white subapical dots

and traces of a postmedial line on the costal area, hindwings have a

black discal dot and a curved blackish medial line.

Expanse 30 mm.

Male type from Kagoshima, Satsuma, July, 1895.

Allied to H. minna, Butt.

Local distribution. KyUsHu.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1358.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 263

156.

Hypena sinuosa, sp. 0.

6. Forewings dark brown tinged with greyish except medial area

between the transverse lines; discal dot black; ante- and post-

medial lines darker, the former angled below the cell and the latter

sinuous ; submarginal line dusky, wavy, becoming obscure towards

inner margin; three or four ochreous dots on the costa between

postmedial line and apex ; fringes rather darker than outer marginal

area. Hindwings dull brown tinged with greyish. Underside

fuscous, four pale dots on costa of forewings before the apex and

one between veins 6 and 7 ; hindwings have a blackish discal mark

and traces of a curved transverse line.

Expanse 30 mm.

Male type from Kagoshima, Satsuma, July, 1895.

One male specimen and one female, the latter taken at

Makurazaki, Satsuma, August, 1895.

Local distribution. KyYtsuv.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1359.

157.

Hypena triangularis.

Hypena triangularis, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 191 (1879);

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, in, p. 90 (1895).

A female of the typical form from Takanabe, Hyiga,

taken in September, 1895. A male from Komi, Awa,

October, 1896, and another example of the same sex from

Mamihara, Higo, October, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KyYUsut ; SHIKOKU.

General distribution. KHASIS; JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1321, 1336, 1347.

158.

Hypena lignealis.

Hypena lignealis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiv, p. 1138

(1865); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iui, p. 79

(1895).

Qne male specimen taken at Ishidzuchi-San, August,

1896; another from Mamihara, Higo, October, 1895;

264 Mr. A. E. Wik@Mfian on New and Unrecorded Species

these are referable to the typical form. A third male

taken at Ohoki, Lyo, in July, 1896, is much darker than

the others and agrees with examples from the North-

west Himalayas in the National Collection at South

Kensington.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. SwHikoku; KyvUsHu,

General distribution. CEYLON; SIKHIM; KuLU; JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1322, 1328, 1325.

159.

Hypena laxia.

Hypena laxia, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1891,

p. 483.

One male specimen taken at Yabe, Higo, October,

1895.

This species seems to be distinct from H. strigosa,

with which it is associated in the National Collection at

South Kensington.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Kytsuv.

General distribution. KHASIA HILLS; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1324.

160.

Hypena albopunctalis.

Hypena albopunctalis, Leech, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889,

p. 557, pl. lii, fig. 10; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p- 656.

Three male specimens taken at Kiire and Kagoshima,

Satsuma, July, 1895, and at Miyazaki, Hytiga, September,

1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Kytsnt.

General distribution. COREA; CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1361.

161.

Hypena obductalis,

Hypena obductalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 56 (1858).

Hypena flecwosa, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 190 (1879).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 265

Bomolocha rhombalis, Alph. (nec Walker), Rom. sur Lép.,

vi, p. 50, pl. ii, fig. 10, 2 (1892).

Hypena obductalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i,

p. 83.

One male specimen taken at Nikko, in August, 18938,

and another from Higashi-no-Kawa, province of Iyo,

Shikoku.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HONDO; SHIKOKU.

General distribution. SIMLA; DHARMSALA; SIKHIM;

Kudsis; CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA; INDIA; JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1367, 1370.

162.

Hypena rhombalis.

Hypena rhombalis, Guen., Delt. et Pyr., p. 33 (1854) ;

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, in, p. 83 (1895).

Hypena veronica, Butl., Ill. Het. B. M., vii, p. 85, pl.

exxxili, fig. 17 (1889).

Hypena perspicua, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

657

Hypena obscura, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p. 657.

One male and eleven female specimens of rhombalis,

Guen., taken at the following localities: Jozanke, near

Sapporo, and Junsai Numa, Oshima, July and August

1896; Yoshino, Yamato, June, July, August and Sep-

tember, 1894, 1899; Karuizawa, Shinano, July, 1895;

Ohoki and Nishinokawa, Iyo, July, 1896.

Two male specimens of var. obscwra, described by

Leech from Moupin and Omei-shan, taken at Jozanke,

near Sapporo, Yezo, and also at Oyama, Sagami, in May

and August, 1894, 1896.

Typical rhombalis has been recorded from Japan by

Leech, but not var. obscura.

Local distribution. YEZO; Hondo; SHIKOKU; May to

September.

General distribution. StkHImM; KHASIS; BORNEO;

CENTRAL, WESTERN and EASTERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1363, 1365, 1369.

266 Mr. A. E, Wyman on New and Unrecorded Species

163.

Hypena (2) inambitiosa.

Hypena (2) inambitiosa, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

p- 660 (1900).

Three male specimens taken at Koya-San, Kishi; Tida-

San, Higo and Ohoki, Iyo, in June, July and September,

1893, 1894, 1896. Antennae bipectinated in the male.

Leech described this species from a unique female, taken

at Kiukiang, Central China,

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; KytsHt; SHIKOKU.

General distribution. CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1167.

Genus PARAGONA.

Staudinger, Rom. sur Lép., p. 557 (1892).

164.

Paragona cleorides, sp. n.

¢. Forewings whitish thickly powdered and clouded with dark

grey ; ante- and postmedial lines black, the former angled about

the middle and the latter wavy and angled below the costa ; medial

line ferruginous, the area between it and the postmedial tinged

with ferruginous ; submarginal line blackish, wavy, but indistinct ;

discal lunule and marginal line black, the latter with black dots

on it. Hindwings similar to the forewings, but the antemedial

line is absent, the postmedial is not angled, the ferruginous line

runs from the lower edge of the discal mark to the inner margin.

Fringes of all the wings whitish. Underside of forewings fuscous

and of hindwings whitish, both with very faint traces of the

transverse lines.

Expanse, 20 mm.

Male type from Jozanke, near Sapporo, Yezo, August,

1896.

Another male taken at Junsai Numa, Oshima, in July,

1902.

Two specimens in the National Collection from Tokyo

and Hakodate.

Local distribution. YEZO; Honvo.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 692.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 267

Genus RIVULA.

Guenée, Dup., Cat. Lep. Eur., p. 206 (1844); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 1, p. 334 (1894).

165.

Rivula angulata, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax whitish. Forewings whitish tinged with

pink and clouded with brownish; antemedial line brownish,

bidentate on costal area, thence inwardly oblique and slightly

wavy to the inner margin ; postmedial line white, edged and shaded

inwardly with brownish, outwardly oblique to just beyond the end

of cell, thence inwardly oblique to the inner margin ; a brownish

cloud beyond the postmedial and from this there is a waved, dusky

line to the inner margin where it terminates in a small brownish

cloud ; fringes brownish preceded by an interrupted black line

which is extended along the costa to the brownish cloud. Hind-

wings fuscous with traces of a darker medial line, fringes paler with

an interrupted black line at their base. Under surface whitish

ochreous ; forewings suffused with blackish on the basal two thirds ;

hindwings speckled with brownish, a black discal dot and traces of a

dark central line.

Expanse, 20 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, August.

A series of eight male and two female specimens taken

at Yoshino, Yamato, in May, June, July and August, 1900.

Expanse of series, 20 mm. # to 22 mm. .

Local distribution. HoNnno.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1250.

166.

Rivula biatomea.

Rivula biatomea, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 29

(1883); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ii, p. 335

(1894).

One male and two female specimens taken at Taniyama,

Satsuma, in July, 1895, and at Miyazaki, Hyiaga, in

September, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Kytsxt.

General distribution. NILGIRIS; CEYLON; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1379.

268 Mr. A. E. \ygleman on New and Unrecorded Species

167.

fiwula confusa, sp. n.

d. Forewings pale whitish brown powdered with darker ; ante-

and postmedial lines indicated by whitish oblique streaks on the

costa; a black dot at upper angle of the cell and a minute black

speck at the lower angle, some white dots on apical third of the

costa, a white marginal line preceded by some blackish dashes.

Hindwings pale fuscous, fringes preceded by a blackish line. Under-

side whitish ; forewings suffused with reddish brown, some white

dots on the costa towards apex and a white subapical spot ; hind-

wings suffused with fuscous on the outer marginal area, postmedial

line dusky.

Expanse 20 mm.

Male type from Tarumidzu, Osumi, September, 1895.

Local distribution. Kytsud.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1384.

168.

Rivulu nigripunctalis, sp. n.

¢. Forewings pale ochreous brown, a black dot at outer extremity

of cell and some smaller black dots on the costa; subbasal line

indicated by a black dot on the costa ; ante- and postmedial lines

blackish, crenulate, originating in black dots on the costa ; submarginal

line blackish, wavy, a blackish dot on it opposite end of cell, and

another between veins 3 and 4; fringes of the ground colour preceded

by an interrupted black line. Hindwings paler, discal dot black.

Under surface of forewings pale fuscous brown, some black dots on

the apical third of costa; of hindwings whitish powdered with

fuscous brown on costal area, a black discal dot and traces of a dusky

transverse line beyond.

Expanse 18 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1900.

Seven male and five female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, July, August and October, 1895, 1899,

1900, and at Mifune, Higo, in October, 1895.

Expanse of series, 15 mm. 7, to 18 mm. 9.

Local distribution. Honpo ; Kytsav.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1709.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 269

169,

Rivula curvilinea, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 18.)

¢. Forewings whitish suffused with brown, especially on the

costal and outer marginal areas ; a black mark at outer extremity of

the cell, placed on the edge of a blackish curved line from costa to

the blackish postmedial line, the latter is almost parallel with the

outer margin and is outwardly edged with whitish ; submarginal

band blackish narrowing towards the inner margin ; fringes pre-

ceded by a blackish line. Hindwings fuscous. Underside of fore-

wings fuscous; of hindwings whitish tinged with fuscous, a dusky

discal dot and a curved postmedial line.

Expanse 20 mm. LExpanse of series, 17 mm. ¢, 22 mm. 9.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, September.

Five male specimens and one female taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in July, August, September and October, 1899,

at Tida-San, Higo, in May, 1894.

Local distribution. Honno; Kyvtsuv.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1713.

170.

Rivula errabunda, sp. n.

¢. Forewings greyish brown powdered with dark brown, a white

mark about middle of the costa and four white dashes nearer the

apex ; medial line brown, not clearly defined but appears to be out-

wardly oblique from white mark on. the costa to the upper of two

black dots at end of the cell, thence inwardly oblique to the inner

margin ; postmedial line brown, its course from costa to vein 6

not traceable but from this point to near vein 1 it is inwardly

oblique, thence straight to inner margin ; fringes ochreous brown at

base, whitish at tips, preceded by a white line with black dots on it.

Hindwings fuscous grey, fringes ochreous brown tipped with greyish,

preceded by a blackish line. Underside fuliginous, the costa of

forewings with white marks as above, the inner marginal area of all

the wings whitish.

Expanse 18 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, July, 1900.

Local distribution. HoNnpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1739.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—parT Ul. (OCT.) £

270 Mr. A. E. \jteman on New and Unrecorded Species

Family LYMANTRIADAE.

Genus DASYCHIRA.

Stephens, Ill. Brit. Ent., Haust., 11, p. 58 (1829);

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 1, p. 447 (1892).

171

Dasychira conjuncta, sp. 0.

¢. Forewings grey, clouded with darker on the basal and outer

marginal areas ; antemedial line blackish inwardly oblique, elbowed

at costa ; postmedial line blackish, curved and recurved to just below

vein 2 where it is connected with antemedial by a black bar, thence

outwardly oblique to near the outer angle ; marginal line blackish,

crenulate, commencing at apex and projected inwards on vein 2 ;

there are indications of a whitish, serrated, submarginal line ; fringes

grey variegated with paler at the ends of the nervules. Hindwings

fuscous with blackish discal dot and marginal line ; fringes pale

grey flecked with darker between the nervules. Underside whitish

tinged with fuscous especially on the forewings ; all the wings have

a dusky discal spot and postmedial line.

Expanse 42 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1900.

A series of eleven male specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, 1895, 1899, 1900 and 1901. The series

shows but little variation in colour and varies in expanse

from 38 mm. to 42 mm, I have never taken a female.

Local distribution. HONDO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 217.

172.

Dasychira nigra.

Selea nigra, Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., xi,

p- 440 (1897); Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1903, p. 469.

Twenty-one male specimens taken in the following

localities: Yoshino, Yamato, June, July, August and

September, 1899, 1900; Tobetsu and Shiokubi, Oshima,

Yezo, July and August, 1902, 1908.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpbo; YEZzo.

General distribution. SYKHIM (type); JAPAN.

Collection number, 144.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 271

173.

Dasychira strigata.

Dasychira strigata, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 58 (1879) ; Hamp-

son, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 449 (1892).

Dasychira niveosparsa, Butl., I. Het. B. M., v, p. 59, pl. 91,

fig. 7.

Four male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in June

and September, 1899, 1900; and one female taken at

Tokyo, October, 1893.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HONDo.

General distribution, INDIA (Simla, Sikhim); Japan.

Collection numbers, 216 and 216a.

174,

Dasychira virginea.

Dasychira virginea, Oberth., Diagn., p. 7 ; Etud. d’Ent., v,

p. 33, pl. i, fig. 9 (9), pl. v, fig. 5 (f); Staud., Rom.

sur Lép., vi, p. 307.

Two male specimens and one female all bred from the

larva at Tokyo, May, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. E. SIBERIA (Ussuri) ; Japan.

Collection numbers, 212 and 214.

Genus EUPROCTIS.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 159 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, 1, p. 470 (1892).

Alyitay

Euproctis curvata, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 4.)

Q. Head and thorax yellow, abdomen pale brown with darker

anal tuft. Forewings yellow with a brownish central band which

is interrupted by the venation, does not extend to the costa, and is

curved beyond the cell; a brownish mark on the inner margin

between the central band and the base of the wing. Hindwings

whitish with some yellowish hairs on the abdominal area towards

the base. Under surface whitish.

Expanse 48 mm.

Near E. inconspicua, Leech.

272 Mr. A. E. Wifeman on New and Unrecorded Species

Female type from Yoshino.

A series of three male specimens and one female taken

at Yoshino, Yamato, in July, 1900 and 1901, and at Kiire,

Satsuma, in July, 1895.

The series measures in expanse 32 mm. % to 48 mm, &.

Local distribution. Honpo; Kytsav.

Halntat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 230.

176.

Huproctis aurata, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 13.)

¢. Forewings pale yellow with an orange irregular basal patch

and a central band, the shape of these markings somewhat similar

to those of HE. subflara, Brem. Hindwings paler than the fore-

wings. Underside paler than above.

Expanse 30 mm.

A male specimen taken at Ishidzuchi-San, Tyo, August,

1896.

Local distribution. SHIKOKU.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 232.

i WOTES

Huproctis torasan.

Artaxa torasan, Holl., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xvi, p. 78

(1889) ; Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1899, p. 140.

Leech records the description of this species from Japan,

but had no specimens. One male and one female specimen

taken at Kumamoto, Higo, in May, 1893, and also in the

province of Tosa, May, 1893.

When in Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1900, Professor Holland

showed me his type of Avrtaxa torasan, which is a male.

I recognised it as a species which I had captured but not

named. My male specimen agrees well with Dr. Holland’s

description, which I berewith append. “ %. Uniformly of

a bright orange red. The upper surface of the posterior

wings slightly clouded on the disc by fuscous. A small

dash of obscure brown on the under surface of primaries

behind the costal margin of the apex. Expanse of wings,

22mm. Type from Shirakawa; Uzen, July, 1887.”

Local distribution. Honpo; Kytsat; SHIKOKU.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 237.

of Ledoptera Heterocera from Japan. 273

Family SPHINGIDAE.

Sub-family 4CHERONTIANAE.

Genus ACHERONTIA.

Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur., iv, p. 44 (1816) ; Roths-

child and Jordan, Rev. Lep. Sphing., Noy. Zool. ix, suppl.,

p. 16 (1903).

178.

Acherontia lachesis,

Sphinx lachesis, Fabr., Ent. Syst., Suppl., p. 434 (1798).

Acherontia morta, Hiibn., Verz. Schmett., p. 140 (1822 ?);

Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 119 (1889); Swin-

hoe, Cat. Lep. Het. Oxford, p. 31 (1892).

Acherontia satanas, Boisd., Spec. Gén. Lép., 1, pl. xvi, fig. 1

(1836).

Acherontia lethe, Westw., Cab, Orient. Ent., p. 88, pl. xlii,

fig. 3 (1848).

Acherontia lachesis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i,

p. 67 (1892); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898,

p- 275 ; Rothsch. and Jord., Rev. Lep. Sphing., Nov.

Zool. ix, suppl., p. 17 (1908).

Manduca lachesis, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., p. 700 (1892).

One male and one female specimen taken at Sakura-

jima, Osumi, in August, 1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan. There is, however,

one specimen in the national collection labelled “Japan

fide Lewis, loc. err.”

Local distribution. KyYtTSHT.

General distribution. Throughout INDIA and CEYLON;

Siam; PENANG; JAVA; CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 15.

Rothschild and Jordan remark, “ Not yet found in

N.W. India and Japan.”

Genus HyYLoIcus.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 138 (1827); Rothschild and Jordan,

Rey. Lep. Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix, suppl. p. 116 (1903).

274 Mr. A. E. Wi@nan on New and Unrecorded Species

179.

Hyloicus crassistriga.

Kentrochrysalis streckeri, Leech (nec Staudinger, 1880),

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 290 (part).

Hyloicus crassistriga, Rothsch. and Jord., Rev. Lep. Sphing.,

Nov. Zool., ix, suppl., pp. 144, 833 (1903).

Originally referred by Leech to K. streckeri, Staud. ;

re-described by Rothschild and Jordan under the name of

crassistriga. They remark under the heading of Kentro-

chrysalis sieversi (1. c., p. 164) : “The specimen of streckera,

which Leech referred to as being darker than steversi

(Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 290), and which ap-

parently convinced him of the specific identity of streckera

and steversi, was not streckert at all, but the new Hyloicus

described on p. 144 of this paper” (referring, of course, to

Hyloicus crassistriga).

Type ?ex coll. Leech in British Museum.

Recorded from Japan by Rothschild and Jordan, but not

by Leech.

Local distribution. (Honbo, Yokohama ?)

Genus DOLBINA.

Staudinger, Rom. sur Lép., ii, p. 155 (1887); Roths-

child and Jordan, Rev. Lep. Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix,

suppl., p. 159 (1903).

180.

Dolbina exacta.

Dolbina tancrei, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., iii, p. 155 (1887)

(part).

Dolbina inexacta, Fixsen (nec Walker, 1856), Rom. sur

Lép., iii, p. 320 (1887); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1898, p. 289.

Pseudosphina ‘inexacta, Graeser, Berl. Ent. Zeit., xxx,

p- 104 (1888); Leech. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1888,

p- 588 (part).

Dolbina exacta, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 222, t. 4, fig.

1 (¢) (1892); Kirby, Nov. Zool., i, p. 102 (1894);

Bartel, Riihl, Grosschm. ii, p. 29 (1899); Staud., Cat.

Lep. pal., p. 101 (1901) ; Rothschild and Jordan, Rev.

Lep. Sphing., Nov, Zool., 1x, p. 161 (1903).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 275

Recorded by Rothschild and Jordan from Japan, but

not by Leech. They remark: “Larva said by Graeser,

l.c., to be very similar to, and the pupa not distinguish-

able from that of Sphinx ocellata.” “Food plants: Syringa

and Fraxinus. Two broods.”

A male specimen from Tobetsu, Oshima, Yezo, taken in

July, 1902, and a female from Ishikawa, Oshima, taken

in June of the same year.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. KE. Srperta (Amurland, Ussuri) ;

CoREA ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 39.

Genus KENTROCHRYSALIS.

Staudinger, Rom. sur Lép., iii, p. 157 (1887); Roths-

child and Jordan, Rev. Lep. Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix, suppl.,

p. 162 (1903).

181.

Kentrochrysalis consimilis.

Hyloicus davidis, Butler (nec Oberthiir, 1880), Trans. Ent:

Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 2, Tokyo.

Anceryx davidis, Leech, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1888,

p- 589 (part).

Kentochrysalis streckert, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., i, p. 693

(1892) (part); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898,

. 290.

Feaiichipali consimilis, Rothsch. and Jord., Rev. Lep.

Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix, suppl., pp. 164, 834.

The correct spelling of the name of this genus is

Kentrochrysalis, not Kentochrysalis.

Leech referred three specimens which were contained

in Pryer’s collection to Kentrochrysalis streckert, Staud. ;

Rothschild and Jordan, however, have included two of

these specimens under their new species consimilis, and

the third specimen, a female, has been named by them

Hyloicus crassistriga, They remark concerning consimulis

that “it is intermediate between streckeri and sieversi, but

different from both; of the size of streckeri, with which

it has generally been confounded. In appearance like

streckeri, but. the external discal lines of the forewing less

dentate, the two antemedian lines distinct, ending at

276 Mr. A. E. @@Mfleman on New and Unrecorded Species

inner margin in a blackish patch which is prolonged

basad.”

Type f (? in Tring Museum).

Four male specimens; Nikko, August, 1893; Karuiza-

wa, Shinano, July or August, 1895; one unlocalised.

Local distribution. Hondo, Chiuzenji (Lewis), Tokyo,

Nikko (B. M.).

Habitat, JAPAN.

Recorded from Japan by Rothschild and Jordan, but

not by Leech.

Collection number, 38.

Sub-family 4AMBULICINAE.

Genus MARUMBA.

Moore, Lep. Ceyl., 11, p. 8 (1882). Rothschild and

Jordan, Rev. Lep. Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix, suppl., p. 266

(1903).

182.

Marumba jankowskia.

Smerinthus jankowskii, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., v., p. 26,

pl. vi, fig. 1, 1881; Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 233

(1892).

Marumba jankowskii, Rothsch. and Jord., Rev. Lep.

Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix, suppl., p. 279 (1908).

One male and one female specimen taken at Hakodate,

Oshima, in July, 1896 and 1908. Hitherto unrecorded

from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. EK. StBERIA (Amurland, Ussuri,

Suifun) ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 24.

Genus LANGIA.

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 567 (1872) ; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 73 (1892); Rothschild and

Jordan,’ Rev. Lep. Sphing., Nov, Zool., ix, suppl., p. 291

(1903).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan, 277

183.

Langia zenzxerordes,

Langia zenzeroides, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872,

p. 567; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 73,

fig. 45 (1892).

Langia khasiana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872,

. 568.

ee zenzeroides, var. nawat, Rothsch. and Jord., Rev.

Lep. Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix, suppl., p. 292 (1903).

Langia zenzeroides, var. nawae, Rothsch., Nagano, in

Nawa’s Icones Jap. Insect., i, p. 5, pl. ui, fig. 5, a, b

(larva), ¢ (pupa), (1904).

When collecting in the vicinity of Hiko-Sanin Buzen

Kyushu, I observed several specimens of variety nawae, in

the collection of Viscount Takachiho, who had captured

them in the neighbourhood. He kindly presented me

with two male specimens, taken in April, 1890 and 1893.

One specimen agrees very well with the figure given on

plate 11 of Nawa’s “Icones Japonicorum Insectorum,” the

other is lighter in colour. In this latter specimen the

dark brown and whitish lines near anal angle of wing are

wanting and an angulated antemedial line is present,

which is absent both in Hampson’s and Nagano’s figures.

Type of var. nawae, 9.

Recorded from Japan by other authors, but not by

Leech.

Local distribution. Honpo; KyYusHu.

General distribution. SIMLA; DHARMSALA; SIKHIM;

Kuidsis; Assam; YANNAW; S. CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 22.

Genus AMORPHA.

Hiibner, Tentam., p. 1 (1806), Rothschild and Jordan,

Rey. Lep. Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix, suppl. p. 332 (1903).

184,

Amorpha amurensis.

Sphinz tremulae, Boisd. (nec Borkhausen, 1793), Ind.

Méth., p. 34(1829); Fisch. Orzet. Mosc., pl. x, figs. 1, 2

(1880).

278 Mr. A. E. Mileman on New and Unrecorded Species

Smerinthus tremulae, 'Treitschke, Schm, Eur., x, i, p. 140

(1834).

Smerinthus trenulae, var. amurensis, Staud., Rom. sur

Lép., vi, p. 282 (1892); Cat. Lep. pal., p. 99 (1901).

Amorpha amurensis, Rothsch. and Jord., Rev. Lep.

Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix, suppl. p. 336 (1908); id.,

var. sinica, 1. ¢., p. 336.

Three male and two female specimens of amurensis

taken at Tobetsu and Hakodate, Oshima, Yezo, July,

August, 1896, 1902, 1903.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. KuRopeE; E. SrBerta (Ussuri,

Amutrland) ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 20.

Genus AMPELOPHAGA.

Bremer and Grey, Motsch. Etud. d’Ent., i, p- 61 (1852) ;

Rothschild and Jordan, Rev. Lep. Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix,

suppl., p. 515 (1903).

185.

Ampelophaga rubiginosa.

Ampelophaga rubiginosa, Brem. and Grey, /. c.; Schmett.,

Nord. China, p. 11, pl. iv, fig. 1 (1853); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 1, p. 83, fig. 52 (1892) ;

Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 281,

Chaerocampa rubiginosa, Mén., Cat. Mus. Petr., 1, p. 91,

pl. xii, fig. 2 (1857).

Deilephila romanovi, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., i, p. 158,

pl. ix, figs. 1 a, b (1887).

Acosmeryx tyenobu, Holl., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xvi, p. 71

(1889) ; Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 282 ;

Rothsch. and Jord., Rev. Lep. Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix,

suppl., pp. 518, 885 (1908).

Ampelophaga fasciosa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,

1888, p. 391 ; Butler, Ill. Het. B. M., vu, pl. 121,

fig. 3.

When on a visit to Pittsburgh, Pa., Professor Holland

kindly showed me his type of Acosmeryx wyenobu, and

I made a note at the time that it was probably a small-

sized specimen of A. rubiginosa, Brem. and Grey. I find

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 279

that this opinion is corroborated by Rothschild and Jordan,

who include tyenobw under the synonymy of A. rubiginosa

in their “ Revision of the Lepidopterous Family Sphing-

idae.” Rubiginosa and iyenobu are both mentioned by

Leech in his catalogue from Japan as distinct species,

but he remarked that he had not seen the latter.

A series of nine male specimens and one female taken

at Tokyo in June, July and August. The female speci-

men agrees exactly with Holland’s description of zyenobu.

Other recorded localities for the species in Japan are

Yokohama (April, August, and September); Mukoyama

(July); Oiwake ; and Hakodate (June and July).

Local distribution, YEZO; Honpo.

General distribution. AMURLAND; CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 26.

Sub-family MACROGLOSSINAE.

Genus ACOSMERYX.

Boisduval, Spec. Gén. | Lép. Hét., i, p. 214 (1875);

Rothschild and Jordan, Rev. Lep. Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix,

suppl. p. 526 (1903).

—

186.

Acosmeryx castanea.

Acosmeryx anceus, Leech (nec Cramer, 1781), Proc. Zool.

Soc. Lond., 1888, p. 585 (part); Kirby, Cat. Lep.

Het., i, p. 648 (1892) (part); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond., 1898, p. 281 (part, Yokohama; Kiukiang, vii).

Acosmeryx castanea, Rothsch. and Jord., Rev. Lep. Sphing.,

Nov. Zool., ix, suppl., p. 531 (1903); Nagano, in Nawa’s

Icones Japonicorum Insectorum, p. 8, pl. iv, fig. 1 a, 6

(larva), ¢ (pupa), (1904).

Nine male specimens and one female taken at Tokyo

and Yokohama in May, June and July, 1894.

Local distribution. YEZO; Honvpo.

Type, in Tring Museum (Yokohama, June, 1896).

Originally referred to anceus, Cramer, by- Leech, but re-

described as a*new species from Japan by Rothschild and

Jordan.

Collection number, 27.

280 Mr. A. KgWileman on New and Unrecorded Species

Sub-family PERGESINAE.

Genus CECHENENA.

Rothschild and Jordan, Rev. Lep. Sphing., Nov. Zool., ix,

suppl, p. 799 (1903).

187.

Cechenena minor.

Chaerocampa minor, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875,

p. 249; zd., Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., ix, p. 562 (1877);

Cotes and Swinh., Cat. Moths, India, i, p. 19 (1887) ;

Swinh., Cat. Lep. Het. Mus. Oxf, i, p. 18 (1892).

Theretra minor, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., i, 656 (1892);

Rothsch., Nov. Zool.,i, p. 75 (1884) ( =/ineosa exterr.).

Chaerocampa lineosa, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

1, p. 93 (1892) (part). _

Theretra lineosa, Dudgeon, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soe., xi, p.

412 (1898) (part); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.

(1898), p. 284.

Theretra striata, Rothsch., /. c., 1, p. 76 (1894) (Japan, Mus.

Tring); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 285.

Cechenena minor, Rothsch. and Jord., Rev. Lep. Sphing.,

Nov. Zool., ix, suppl., pp. 802, 933 (1903), Nagano,

in Nawa’s Icones Insect. Japon., p. 15, pl. v, fig. 4

(1904).

Mentioned by Leech under the name of striata in his

Catalogue. Previously described from Japan by Roths-

child under the name of 7heretra striata, and now referred

to C. minor, Butler.

General distribution. StkHIM; Buutran; KHASIA

HILLS; SHILLONG; ForMosa; JAPAN.

Family CYMATOPHORIDAE.

Genus THYATIRA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 236 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, u1, p. 180 (1892).

188.

Thyatira flavida.

Thyatira flavida, Butler, Cist. Ent., ii, p. 131 (1885);

Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900, p. 11.

Thyatira oblonga, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1887, p. 49.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 281

Four male and three female specimens taken at Tobetsu,

Oshima province, Yezo, in August, 1902.

The type (female) of Butler from Hakodate and a speci-

men from Ichang, Central China, are named “ flavescens”

in the National Collection. There is, however, apparently

no species which has been described by Butler from Japan

under the name /lavescens, and the description given

by Butler for flavida agrees exactly with the specimens

labelled flavescens. |

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. CENTRAL CHINA (Ichang);

WESTERN CHINA (Omei-shan, Wa-ssu-kow); JAPAN.

Genus POLYPLOCA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 273 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, i, p. 182 (1892).

189.

Polyploca albicostata.

Cymatophora albicostata, Brem. Lep. Ost.-Sib., p. 47, pl. v.,

fig. 6 (1864).

Polyploca albiscostata, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900,

p Le

Two male specimens, one taken at Tobetsu, Oshima, in

July, 1902, and the other received from Mr. Andrews,

Hakodate.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. E. SipERIA (Amurland, Ussuri);

CoREA; WESTERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 812.

Genus NEMACEROTA.

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 185 (1892).

190.

Nemacerota umbrosa, sp. 0.

¢. Forewings dark fuscous grey on basal and outer thirds, median

area pale brownish dusted with darker ; discal dot blackish, followed

by a transverse fuscous shade; the outer limit of basal third is diffuse

and the outer third is traversed by a pale line originating in a

282 Mr. A. E. @Mleman on New and Unrecorded Species

whitish apical mark, the internal edge of the outer third is marked

with whitish on the costal area. Hindwings fuscous with traces of a

paler medial band. Underside pale fuscous ; forewings with a post-

medial band, and hindwings with a medial band, paler.

Expanse 34 mm.

Male type from Junsai Numa, Oshima, July, 1902.

Local distribution. YEzO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 997.

Genus PALIMPSESTES.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 273 (1827).

TOT.

Palimpsestes wndosa, sp. n. (Plate XXX, fig. 20.)

?. Head and collar brown, thorax brown mixed with grey ;

abdomen fuscous grey. Forewings greyish-white suffused with

brownish except on the costal area, black subbasal line ; antemedial

band greyish brown, broad, traversed by a double curved black

line, preceded by a black wavy line which becomes indistinct towards

the costa, and followed by a double, sinuous, black line ; postmedial

line black, crenulate, slightly curved ; submarginal line pale, a

brownish spot at its costal extremity, and a short blackish dash from

it to the apex of the wing ; discal mark black, linear; fringes grey

tinged with golden brown at their base and preceded by a brown

line. Hindwings pale fuscous, fringes paler. Underside pale fuscous,

indications of a curved postmedial line on the forewings and of two

curved lines on the hindwings.

Expanse 40 mm.

Female type from Dorokawa, Yamato, August, 1894.

The specimen figured by Oberthiir (Etud. d’Ent., v, pl. 11,

fig. 2) as C2 ymatophor a ampliata, Butl., is probably referable

to the species now described, which differs from Butler’s

species in the transverse lines.

Local distribution. Honpbo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 8038.

192.

Palimpsestes basalis, sp. n. (Plate XXX, fig. 24.)

Q. Head and thorax brown, edges of patagia darker. Forewing

whitish grey, tinged with fuscous on outer third’;«basal area, limited

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 283

by a black obtusely angled line, brownish, darker on costal portion ;

some long black scales on median nervule, and the stigmata are

represented by tufts of white scales, with some black scales at lower

end of the reniform ; postmedial line black, wavy, excurved to vein

2, thence straight to inner margin, this line is most distinct on

the costa, and is followed by a wavy pale-edged dusky line ; ante-

marginal line whitish, wavy; fringes grey tipped with darker and

preceded by a dark line. MHindwing whitish grey suffused with

fuscous; median line blackish, double, indistinct. Underside whitish

grey, the forewings suffused with fuscous, the hindwings have median

line as above.

Expanse 50 mm.

Female type from Nikko, July, 1893.

Local distribution. HONDO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 810.

Family EUPTEROTIDAE.

Genus GANGARIDES.

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 821; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 42 (1892).

1953.

Gangarides citrina, sp. n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 3.)

Q. Head and thorax orange flecked with reddish ; abdomen grey

tinged with reddish. Forewings reddish orange, powdered with

deeper red on the inner marginal area and suffused with fuscous on

the costal area; antemedial line, which has three white dots on it, is

irregularly waved, the lower portion is purplish; postmedial line

inwardly oblique, reddish brown to vein 2, thence purplish to inner

margin where it terminates near the antemedial ; a white point at

base of the wing, discal lunule dusky preceded by an orange tri-

angular patch flecked with reddish. Hindwings buff, strongly tinged

with reddish. Underside brownish buff; all the wings have a darker

postmedial line, oblique on forewings and rather curved on hind-

wings.

Expanse 52 mm.

Female type from Nikko, August, 1893.

Local distribution. Honvpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 122.

284 Mr. A. E.gpileman on New and Unrecorded Species

Family NOTODONTIDAE.

Genus EUHAMPSONIA.

Dyar, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xxiv, p. 14 (1897).

194.

Huhampsonia splendida.

Nadata splendida, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., v, p. 63, pl. vi,

fig. 3, p. 65; Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 366.

Two male specimens taken at Tobetsu, Oshima, Yezo,

in July, 1903.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. EK. Stperta (Askold, Amurland) ;

CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 53a.

Genus MICROPHALERA.

Butler, Cistula, Ent., 11, p. 119 (1885).

195.

Microphalera atrovittata.

Asteroscopus utrovittatus, Brem., Bull. Acad., Petersbg., 11,

p. 483 (1861); Lep. Ost.—Sib., p. 46, pl. v, fig. 4

(1864).

Brachionycha atrovittata, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1898, p. 8304; Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., p. 562 (1892).

Microphalera atrovittatus, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 109,

No. 813 (1901).

Destolmia insignis, Butl, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,

p. 19; Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 311.

Notodonta toddii, Holland, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xvi,

p. 73 (1889); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898,

p. 311.

When in Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1900, I had an opportunity

of examining Professor Holland’s type of todd, which

is a female, and I recognised it as atrovittata, Brem.

Since then I have sent Professor Holland a male specimen

of atrovittata which, on comparison with his type, he

pronounced to be the male of ¢oddii. Staudinger in

his catalogue includes Destolmia insignis, Butler, as a

of Lepidopteru Heterocera from Japan. 285

synonym of Mierophalera atrovittatus (= Brachionycha

atrovittata). Leech records atrovittata, insignis and toddii

from Japan, but treats them as distinct species.

Thirteen males and one female taken at Yoshino,

Yamato; Nikko; Tokyo; Tobetsu and Junsai Numa,

Yezo, in June, July and August, 1893 to 1895 and 1900

to 1902.

Local distribution. Honpo; YEzo; June to August.

General distribution. HK. SIBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 69.

Genus OCHROSTIGMA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 146 (1827).

196.

Ochrostigma japonica, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 25.)

¢. Head and collar blackish, thorax greyish mixed with blackish.

Forewings pale grey suffused with fuscous and tinged with ochreous

on the basal area, some ill-defined, black, subbasal marks, the discal

mark indistinct; antemedial line black, double, slightly angled about

the middle; postmedial line white, edged with blackish on each

side ; a blackish cloud enclosing two black marks on the costa before

the apex ; fringes of the ground-colour preceded by a blackish line.

Hindwings fuscous with indistinct pale medial line. Underside

fuscous with a pale transverse line on all the wings.

Expanse 34 mm.

g. Type from Yoshino, Yamato, August, 1900.

A series of sixteen male specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, July, August and September, 1899,

1901, also one specimen from Nikko, August, 1893.

The series varies in expanse from 30 to 34 mm. I have

never taken a female specimen. This species shows some

variation in the fuscous suffusion of the forewings. The

forewings of one specimen are almost uniformly fuscous,

the ochreous basal patch is obsolete, the antemedial line

is only faintly traceable, and the white postmedial line

stands out in bold relief on the fuscous ground.

Allied to O. melagona, Bork., from Europe.

Local distribution. Honnpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 93.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART Il. (OCT.) U

286 Mr. A. E. Mifleman on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus FENTONIA.

Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 20; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 147 (1892).

TOT:

Fentonia sordida, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 8.)

¢. Forewings brownish grey, faintly tinged with rosy, and clouded

with fuscous on costal area towards apex ; antemedial line black,

outwardly oblique, with a bidentate projection on the costa, the

basal area limited by this line is blackish ; postmedial line blackish,

double, dentate and deflected inwards below the middle ; marginal

line blackish, arcuate. Hindwings fuscous, fringes paler. Under-

side whitish brown, forewings suffused with fuscous.

Expanse of type 48 mm., of other specimens 44 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, August, 1899.

Another male specimen from Yoshino, Yamato, June,

1901, and one male from Koya-San, Kishi, June, 1895.

Local distribution. THoNpbo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 78a,

198.

Fentonia nihonica, sp. n. (Plate XXX, fig. 5.)

9. Head and thorax grey mixed with blackish ; abdomen fuscous

grey. Forewings grey dusted with blackish scales ; subbasal line

blackish, irregularly curved to the submedian nervule ; antemedial

line blackish, outwardly oblique, indented below the costa and above

the inner margin, the space between these lines is clouded with

blackish towards the costa ; postmedial line blackish, wavy, dentate,

dentations most pronounced at vein 5, and again above the inner

margin, the line is outwardly bordered with blackish from the costa

to vein 5, and there is a sagittate mark in a blackish cloud above the

outer angle; marginal line blackish, arcuate; discal mark black,

linear ; fringes grey marked with blackish at ends of the nervules.

Hindwings fuliginous with an obscure blackish discal dot ; fringes

preceded by a slightly sinuous blackish line. Underside fuliginous

brown with slightly darker discal spots on all the wings and a faint

postmedial line on the hindwings.

Expanse 55 mm.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 287

Female type from Yoshino, Yamato, taken in August,

1900.

Local distribution. HOoNpbo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 78.

Genus STAUROPUS.

Germar, Prod., p. 45 (1811); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, i, p. 149 (1892).

199.

Stauropus bidentatus, sp. n. (Plate XXX, fig. 9.)

¢. Head and thorax greyish white, collar and patagia edged with

brownish ; abdomen pale grey. Forewings greyish white with a

large, bidentate, blackish patch occupying the upper portion of the

basal half of the wing, the lower edge of the patch is traversed by

a black longitudinal bar; a smaller blackish patch, enclosing two

darker dashes, on the costa towards apex; three dentate, grey-edged

whitish transverse lines, the antemedial only traceable below the

larger patch; fringe white marked with blackish at ends of the

nervules and preceded by a blackish, arcuate line. Hindwings

fuscous grey, fringes white chequered with fuscous. Underside

whitish, forewings tinged with deep fuscous, except on the inner

margin ; there are indications of a medial line on all the wings.

Expanse 35 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1900.

A series of twenty male and four female specimens

taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in May, June, July and August.

1895, 1899,1900 and 1901. The series shows no variation

in colour in either sex, and varies i expanse from 30 mm.

in the male to 38 mm. in the female.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 92.

200.

Stauropus viridimixta.

Miselia vividimixta, Brem., Lep. Ost.—Sib., p. 52, pl. v,

fig. 12 (1864).

Urodonta viridimiata, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., i, p. 219

(1887).

288 Mr. A. E, Wieman on New and Unrecorded Species

Drymonia lichen, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., v, p. 64, pl. viii,

fig. 5 (1880).

Three male and two female specimens taken at Tobetsu

and Junsia Numa, Oshima, Yezo, in July and August,

1902.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. EK. SIBERIA (Amurland, Ussur1) ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 68.

201.

Stauropus punctatella.

Orgyia punctatella, Motsch., Etud. Entom., 1860, p. 32.

Seven male specimens and one female taken in the

following localities: Yoshino, Yamato, and Takao-San,

Musashi, June and July, 1895, 1901, 1902; Tobetsu and

Junsai Numa, Oshima, Yezo, July, 1902.

Leech (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1899, p. 124) included

this species as probably referable to Dasychira pseudabietis.

Two specimens in the National Collection, one from

Nikko.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HONDO and YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 77 and 77a.

202.

Stawropus perdi.

Dasychira perdix, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 58, pl. in, fig. 3

(1879).

Dasychira fasciatus, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 58.

Stawropus comatus, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898,

p. 306.

Somera pryert, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 216.

In the Museum Collection both pryer, Leech, and

comatus, Leech, are included in the series labelled perdiz,

Moore, with fasciatus, Moore, as a synonym. The species

would seem to be a most variable one, and the only

character that remains constant in all the specimens is

the submarginal line of forewings.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 289

Recorded from Japan by Leech as Somera pryert, and

also from China as Stawropus comatus.

General distribution. INDIA; W. CHINA; JAPAN.

Genus GLUPHISIA.

Boisduval, Ind. Méth., p. 56 (1829).

208.

Gluphisia japonica, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 12.)

¢. Forewings fuscous grey with white discal lunule ; ante- and

postmedial lines blackish, the first nearly straight, the second sinuous

outwardly edged with pale greyish ; indications of dark subbasal

and antemarginal line. Hindwings and underside paler than the

forewings, the latter with lines of upperside indicated.

Expanse 34 mm.

Male type from Hakodate, Yezo.

Two male specimens: one received from Mr, Andrews,

Hakodate, Yezo; the other taken at Tobetsu, Oshima,

Yezo, in June, 1902.

Near @. crenata, Esp., of which it may be a local form.

Local distribution. YEZO.

Haintat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 193.

Genus NOTODONTA.

Ochsenheimer, Eur. Schmett., iii, p. 45 (1810);

_ Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 162 (1892).

204.

Notodonta tritophus.

Bombyx tritophus, Esp., Schmett., 111, p. 279, pl. lx, figs. 1, 2

(1786).

Bombyx torva, Hiibn., Eur. Schmett., Bomb. (Text), p. 108

(1880).

A female specimen bred at Hakodate, Yezo, August 20,

1902. Compared with European examples this seems to

be much greyer in colour.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. Europe; E. SIBERIA (Amur-

land, Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 35a.

290 Mr. A. E. @Mleman on New and Unrecorded Species

205.

Notodonta monetaria.

Notodonta monetaria, Oberth. Diagn., p. 12; Etud. d’Ent.,

Vv, p. 62, pl. ii, fig. 6 (1880): Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi,

p-. 354; Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 310.

Notodonta oberthiiri, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 354, pl. v,

fig. 5.

I have a series of six male and five female specimens of

N. monetaria taken at Yoshino, Yamato, and Tokyo in the

months of May, June, July, August and September, 1893,

1894, 1899, 1900 and 1901. I also have two male speci-

mens of J. oberthiivi taken at Tobetsu, Oshima, Yezo, in

July, 1902. These two specimens agree remarkably well

with Staudinger’s figure (swpra), and on comparing them

with my series of NV. monetaria, | am inclined to think that

they are not separable from that species. Oberthiiri seems

to be a small light form of monetaria with which it can

be connected by an intergrade in my series.

Oberthiivi has not hitherto been recorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HONDO; YEZO.

General distribution. EK. Stperta (Askold, Amurland,

Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 88 and 88a.

206.

Notodonta gigantea.

Peridea gigantea, Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xx,

pp. 474 (1877); Ill. Het. B. M., ii, pl. xxiv, fig. 6

(1878).

Notodonta gigantea, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., p. 600 (1892) ;

Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 311.

Allodonta plebeja, Staud. (nec Oberthiir), Rom. sur Lép., vi,

p. 356 (1892).

Thirteen specimens from Yoshino, Yamato, June, July,

August, 1899; Nikko, July, 1893; Tobetsu and Shiokubi,

Oshima, Yezo, July and August (1902).

Identified from Staudinger’s figure.

There is no male of this species in the National

Collection, only a female from Tokyo. The male is similar

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 291

to the female; and has been recorded from Japan by

Leech.

Local distribution. Hondo; YEZzO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 89.

207.

Notodonta dembowskit.

Notodonta dembowskw, Oberth., Diagn., p. 11 ; Etud. d’Ent.,

v, p. 62, pl. 11, fig. 4 (1880).

A series of ten male and two female specimens taken at

Junsai Numa and Tobetsu, Oshima, Yezo, in May, June,

July and August, 1902, 1903, and also at Nikko, in

August, 1893. The specimens taken at Nikko are darker

than Oberthiir’s type figure, whilst those taken in Yezo

are darker than those from Nikko.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpbo; YEzo.

General distribution. EK. StBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 92a.

208.

Notodonta aliena.

Notodonta aliena, Staud., Rom. sur Lép, vi, p. 352, pl. v,

fig. 4 (1892).

Two male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in June

and September, 1895, 1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HOoNnvo.

General distribution. EK. StBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 94.

209.

Notodonta graeserv.

Notodonta graesert, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 351, pl. v,

fig. 3 (1892).

A male specimen taken at Yoshino, Yamato, September,

1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HOoNpbo.

General distribution. KE. SIBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 94a.

292 Mr. A. E. \iteman on New and Unrecorded Species

210.

Notodonta lativitta, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 4.)

d. Head and thorax grey, collar and patagia edged with blackish,

metathorax ornamented with ochreous and reddish brown; abdomen

ochreous grey. Forewings grey clouded with whitish grey, a broad

ferruginous stripe from the base of the wing to the submarginal

line; subbasal and antemedial lines reddish brown, the first out-

wardly edged with paler, and obtusely angled at median nervure,

appears to terminate on the submedian nervure; the antemedial is

inwardly edged with paler, sharply angled below the costa and

again before the inner margin; postmedial line dark, outwardly

edged with whitish, wavy, towards the costa and the inner margin ;

submarginal line whitish, wavy, and dentate, with some brownish

and fuscous marks on it; reniform whitish enclosing a brownish

linear mark; fringes grey marked with paler and preceded by a

blackish line. Hindwings whitish, ochreous along the abdominal

margin, a grey cloud on the costa towards outer margin ; fringes

of the ground-colour with a dark line at their base. Underside

whitish without any defined markings.

Expanse 58 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, September, 1900.

Allied to N. trepida, Esp., but separable by the ferru-

ginous stripe.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 95.

211.

Notodonta basilinea, sp. n. (Plate XXX, fig. 23.)

3d. Head and thorax dark grey, edges of collar and patagia paler ;

abdomen, dark grey above, whitish below. Forewings dark grey

tinged with ochreous brown; subbasal line blackish, wavy, indis-

tinct, united to a black longitudinal streak from the base, outwardly

edged with ochreous brown ; antemedial line black, zigzag, inwardly

edged with ochreous brown, indistinct towards the inner margin ;

postmedial line b'ack, dentate, outwardly edged with ochreous

brown and followed by a subapical cloud of the same colour; reni-

form mark ochreous brown enclosing a short dark grey line; fringes

pale grey mixed with darker and marked with blackish at the ends

of the veins. Hindwings whitish tinged with buff and clouded with

fulaginous along abdominal area ; the outer marginal area is greyish,

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 293

darker in upper portion, traversed by a pale line which is bidentate

about the middle; fringes of the ground-colour chequered with

darker and preceded by a blackish line. Underside whitish tinged

with buff ; forewings have a dusky almost straight postmedial line,

this is slightly angulated on the costa where it is preceded by a

dusky cloud.

Expanse 52 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1899.

A series of twenty-three male specimens from Yoshino,

Yamato, taken in June and August, 1895, 1899, 1909,

1901. I have never captured a female specimen. Differs

from J. trepida, its nearest ally, in the darker colour and

denser scaling. Motschulsky records NV. trepida from

Japan, so that possibly the species now described may

be identical with the one he identified as trepida (vide

Leech “On the Lepidoptera of Japan and Corea,” P.Z.S.,

1881, p. 654). Specimens in the series expand from 48 to

54 mm.

Local distribution. Tondo.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 91.

Genus URoponta.

Staudinger, Rom. sur Lép., iii, p. 217 (1887).

212.

Urodonta branicki.

Uropus branicki, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., v, p:. 60; pla;

fig. 6 (1880); Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 346 (1892).

One male and one female specimen taken in copula on

a Keyaki tree at Tokyo in April, 1894, and another female

specimen taken at Junsai Numa, Oshima, Yezo, in July,

1902.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; YEzOo.

General distribution. EK. Srperia (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 72.

218.

Urodonta arcuata.

Urodonta arcuata, Alph., Rom. sur Lép., ix, p. 154, pl. xi,

fig. 9 (1897); Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 107 (1901).

294 Mr. A. Bg@Wileman on New and Unrecorded Species

Recorded by Staudinger from Japan, unrecorded by

Leech.

General distribution. KE. Stperta (Amur, Ussuri) ;

JAPAN.

Genus ODONTOSIA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 145 (1827).

214,

Odontosia cuculus,

Odontosia cuculus, Staudinger, Rom. sur Lép., iii, p. 226,

pl. xvui, fig. 5 (1887).

One male specimen, Tobetsu, province of Oshima, Yezo,

vil, 9, 1902. Identified from Staudinger’s figure.

This species resembles Lophopteryx pryeri, Butler, and

possibly may be identical with it.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution, EK. Siperia (Sidemi, Amurland) ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 106.

Genus HYPERAESCHRA.

Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), vi, p. 65 (1880) ;

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 163 (1892).

215.

Hyperaeschra collarcs.

Hyperaeschra collaris, Swinhoe, Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist.,

xiv, p. 132 (1904).

A series of seven males and one female. Six males

taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in May, June, July and Sep-

tember, 1895, 1899, 1900. One male taken at Junsai

Numa, province of Oshima, and one female received from

Mr. Andrews, Hakodate.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; YEZOo.

General distribution. Inp1A (Khasia Hills); JAPAN,

Collection number, 98.

ie)

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan.

216.

Hyperaeschra biloba.

Drymonia biloba, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., v, p. 63, pl. viii,

fig. 1 (1880).

Semidonta biloba, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 358 (1892);

Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 109 (1901).

Seven male specimens taken in the following localities :

Tobetsu and Junsai Numa, Oshima, Yezo, July, 1902;

Nikko, July, 1893; Yoshino, Yamato, July, 1898, 1894.

Staudinger in his catalogue (supra) states that this

species is similar to Hyperaeschra basalis, Moore, which

is figured on p. 165 of Hampson’s “ Moths of British

India,” vol. i. The angulation of the postmedial line on

the forewings differs in the two species, and Jiloba is

smaller in expanse. My specimens of biloba measure 40 mm.

to 44 mm., whilst basalis measures 50 mm. in expanse.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO; HONnpo.

General distribution. E. STBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 64.

Genus LOPHOPTERYX.

Stephens, Ill. Brit. Ent., Haust., ii, p. 26 (1829); Hamp-

son, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 166 (1892).

ZiT.

Lophopteryx saturata.

Lophopteryx satwrata, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxu, p. 411

(1865); Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., vi, pl. evii, fig. 1

(1886); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 166

(1892).

Lophopteryx saturata, var. hoegei, Graeser, Berl. ent. Zeit.,

1888, p. 143.

A male specimen of the typical form taken at Karui-

zawa, Shinano, in July, 1900. Four males and seven

females of var. hoegei, Graeser, taken at the following

localities: Junsai Numa, Tobetsu and Hakodate, province

of Oshima, Yezo, and Sapporo, province of Ishikari, Yezo,

in July and August, 1896, 1902, 1903. I also bred the

imago of hoegei in September, 1902, at Hakodate,

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

296 Mr. A. E@Mileman on New and Unrecorded Species

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. StrkHim; E. Siperia (Ussuri) ;

JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 101 (satwrata), 102 (hoeger).

218.

Lophopteryx admirabilis.

Lophopterya admirabilis, Staud., Rom. sur Lép,, 11, p. 224,

pl. xii, fig. 9 (1887).

Five male and one female specimens taken at Nikko in

August, 1893, and at Tobetsu, Oshima, Yezo,in August, 1903.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Hondo; YEZO.

General distribution. EK. SIBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 105.

219.

Lophopteryx velutina,

Drymonia velutina, Oberth., Ktud. d’Ent., v, p. 64, pl. viii,

Two male specimens; one received from Mr. Andrews,

Hakodate, and the other taken at Tobetsu, Oshima, Yezo,

in June, 1903.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEzO.

General distribution. KE. SiBER1A (Ussuri, Amurland) ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 120.

Genus HIMEROPTERYX.

Staudinger, Rom. sur Lép., 11, p. 228 (1887).

220.

Himeropteryx miraculosa.

Himeropteryx miraculosa, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., iu, p. 228,

plexi, fig: 10:

One male specimen taken at Junsai Numa, Oshima,

Yezo, in October, 1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. KE, SIBERIA (Amurland); JAPAN,

Collection number, 121.

of Lepdoptera Heterocera from Japan. 297

Genus SPATALIA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 145 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, i, p. 168 (1892).

221.

Spatalia dives.

Spatalia dives, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., x, py U5, pl. 1) figa DT

(1884).

Two male specimens taken in July, 1902, at Junsai

Numa, Oshima, Yezo.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. EK. StBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 109.

222.

Spatalia doerriesi.

Spatala doerriesi, Graeser, Berl. ent. Zeit., 1888, p. 141.

Spatalia plusiotis, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 359 (part).

Two male specimens and one female from Tobetsu,

Oshima, Yezo, July, 1902 and 1903.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. KE. SIBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 110.

Genus ICHTHYURA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 162 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, i, p. 172 (1892).

223.

Ichthyura troglodyta.

Pygaera troglodyta, Graeser, Berl. ent. Zeit., 1890, p. 22;

Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, pl. v, fig. 7 (1892).

A male and female from Yoshino, Yamato, taken in

June, 1899 and 1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HOoNDo.

General distribution. EK. Stperta (Ussuri); COREA

JAPAN.

Collection number, 186.

298 Mr. A. E. \jleman on New and Unrecorded Species

224.

Ichthyura sieverst.

Pygaera sreversi, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 370, pl. v,

fig. 6, a, b.

A series of five male and four female specimens taken

at Yoshino, Yatnato, in June and July, 1895, 1900 and 1901.

The females of this species agree well with the figure

of female type which appears in Staudinger’s plate above

referred to. The males, however, are considerably worn,

but seem also referable to steversi and not to troglodyta,

Graeser.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo,

General distribution. HK. SiperiA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 186a.

Family GEOMETRIDAE.

Sub-family BOARMIANAE.

Genus BAPTA.

Stephens, Ill. Brit. Ent., Haust., iii, p. 294 (1829);

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 154 (1895).

225.

Bapta deletaria.

Bapta deletaria, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 261, pl. vin, fig. 14;

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iil, p. 155 (1895).

Macaria indistincta, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 261.

Two male and one female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in August and September, 1899, 1900. These

are referable to indistincta, Moore.

Expanse 32 mm. to 38 mm.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. KHASIS; JAPAN.

Collection number, 444.

Genus DILINIA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 310 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, ii, p. 216 (1895).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 299

) 226.

Dilima punctata.

Deilinia (?) punctata, Warr., Nov. Zool., i, p. 405 (1894);

Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, p. 603.

Bapta candidaria, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

xix, p: 198 (1897).

Type 2, Japan, in collection Rothschild, Tring.

Type (candidaria) Oiwake, Japan, in B. M.

Recorded by Leech from Japan as Bapta candidaria.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Genus SYNTARACTA.

Warren, Nov. Zool., i, p. 408 (1894).

227.

Syntaracta hadassa.

ab. wnicolor, ab. nov. (Plate XXXI, fig. 26.)

Anisodes hadassa, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), i,

p. 400 (1878); Ill. Het. B. M., iii, p. 38, pl. ], fig. 5

(1879).

Synegia rnconspicua, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,

p. 412

Syntaracta hadassa, Warr., Nov. Zool., i, p. 408 (1894).

In a pale brown unicolorous form of Syntaracta hadassa,

Butl., which I have named ab. wnicolor, the black discal

dots are very small and the transverse wavy lines are

absent.

Male type from Kobe, July, 1901.

Local distribution. Honpo (unicolor).

General distribution. C, CHINA; JAPAN (hadassa and

inconspicut).

Collection number, 3992,

Genus CoRYMICA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xx, p. 230 (1860) ; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 185 (1895).

300 Mr. A. E. Wi@man on New and Unrecorded Species

228.

Corymica caustolomaria.

Corymica caustolomaria, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 231 (1888).

Corymica gensanaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl., p. 56 (1896) ;

id., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xix, p. 299 (1897).

Three male and three female specimens taken at Kiire

and Kagoshima, province of Satsuma, in July and August,

1895, and at Hakusan-dake, province of Osumi, September,

1895 ; one specimen unlocalised.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Gensanaria, Leech, is placed with caustolomaria in the

National Collection.

Local distribution. Kytsuu.

General distribution. INDIA; COREA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 430.

Genus CRYPSICOMETA.

Warren, Nov. Zool., i, p. 463 (1894).

229.

Crypsicometa incertaria.

ab. plana, ab. nov.

Phasiane incertaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl, p. 49 (May,

1891).

Phasiane incertaria, var. suffusa, Leech, /.c.

Crypsicometa incertaria, Warren, Nov. Zool., i, J.c.; Leech,

Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xix, p. 302 (1897).

Ab. plana. Uniform pale ochreous brown, slightly pink

tinged ; a black discal dot on each wing, other marking

absent.

Male type unlocalised, Japan only.

Three female specimens taken at Hiyeizan, near Kyoto

province of Yamashiro; Hiko-San, Buzen; Yoshino,

Yamato; May, June, October, 1893, 1899, 1901.

Local distribution. Honpo ; Kytsuv (Wileman).

General distribution. W. CHINA; Japan.

Collection number, 434.

Genus BUPALUS.

Leach, Zool. Miscell., 1, 79 (1814).

—

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 301

230.

Bupalus vestalis.

Bupalus vestalis, Staud., Iris, x, p. 63, pl. ii, fig. 41 (1897);

Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 351 (1901).

Four males received from Mr. Andrews taken at Hako-

date, Yezo, and one male obtained by my Japanese

collector in same locality in May, 1902.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. AMURLAND; JAPAN.

Collection number, 490.

Genus GARAEUS.

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 623; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 233 (1895).

Slt

Garacus specularis.

Garaeus specularis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867,

p. 623, pl. xxxu, fig. 3; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, iii, p. 233 (1895); Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat.

Hist. (6), xix, p. 214 (1897).

One male specimen, which is more uniformly brown in

colour than any specimen in the series from India, China,

and Japan, in the National Collection. Taken at Kose,

near Karuizawa, Shinano, August, 1899.

Local distribution. HoNnvo.

General distribution. SIKHIM; CENTRAL CHINA;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 410.

Genus OURAPTERYX.

Leach, Zool. Miscell, i, p. 79 (1814); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iti, p. 144 (1895).

232.

Ourapteryx cretea.

Ourapteryx cretea, Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902,

p. 601.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART II. (0CT.) x

302 Mr. A. E. Wieman on New and Unrecorded Species |

Described by Swinhoe from Japan.

Seven male and two female specimens taken in the

following localities: Owajima, Iyo, May, 1893; Kuma-

moto, and Haki, Higo, June and July, 1894; Yoshino

and Narai, Yamato, June, 1899, 1901; Ikeda, near Kobe,

May and June, 1899. _

Type in B. M. from Ojigoku (near Miyanoshita), Hondo.

Local distribution. SHuikoku ; KytsHu; Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 372.

Genus TRISTROPHIS.

Butler, Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool., vii, p. 199 (1883).

233.

Tristrophis veneris.

Urapteryx veneris, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), 1,

p: 392 (1878); Ill. Het. B.M., 11, p. 29, pl. xlviu,

fig. 1 (1879).

Tristrophis veneris, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

xix, p. 195 (1897); ab. wnistriga, Warr., Nov. Zool., x,

p-. 268 (1903).

Warren, referring to ab. wnistriga, remarks: “In this

aberration the first and second crossbands of the fore-

wings are wanting, the second entirely, the first indicated

by a slight dot on costa and another on median vein.

Underside the same. The markings of the hindwings

are normal.”

Type ¢ in Tring Museum.

A series of three males and six females, typical form,

taken at Tokyo, Bukenji, near Kanagawa (Yokohama), in

June, 1894.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 376.

Genus GONODONTIS.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 287 (1827).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 303

234.

Gonodontis bidentata.

Geometra bidentata, Clerck, Icon., vii, 2 (1759-64).

Gonodontis bidentata, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. i, p. 328

(1901).

Staudinger records this species from Japan, unrecorded

by Leech.

General distribution. KUROPE; ALTAI MOUNTAINS;

TARBAGATAI; Moncoiia; East SIBERIA (Amutland,

Ussuri); JAPAN.

Genus HYGROCHROA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 293 (1827).

235.

Hygrochroa parva.

Pericallia parva, Hedem., Horae. Ent. Ross., xvi, p. 45

(1881).

Pericallia syringaria, var. parva. Staud., Ins, x, p. 31

(1897); Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 328 (1901).

Hygrochroa distans, Warr., Nov. Zool., ii, p. 143 (1895).

Pericallia distans, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

xix, p. 207 (1897).

I bred twenty-one male and female specimens of 1. parva

in July, 1902, from larvae taken at Hakodate at the end

of June and commencement of July on Lbota (Ligustrum

ibota, Sieb.), a species of privet, and consider that parva

is a good species quite distinct from H. syringaria, L.

Staudinger’s catalogue treats this species as a variety of

syringaria. The larvae of parva appear at the end of

June and commencement of July, whilst those of syringaria,

which I have also bred, appear in Hakodate at the com-

mencement of June. The larvae of the two species are

also quite different. Parva has paired dorsal warts on the

sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth segments and lacks the

paired, long curved hooks on the eighth segment which is

the distinguishing feature of syringaria larva. Moreover

the colour of parva and syringaria larvae is different, but

the absence of the long curved hooks in parva is of

course the most important character. My specimens of

parva emerged from the pupa between July 18 and 28,

2a a Ne

304 Mr. A. KE. Wittman on New and Unrecorded Species

whilst syringaria emerged from June 27 to July 26. I

have also a male specimen of parva taken at Hakusan-

dake, Osumi, in September, 1895.

Warren records distans (= parva) from Japan.

Local distribution. Yrzo; Kytsnt.

General distribution. KE. StpeERIA (Amurland, Ussuri) ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 403.

236.

Hygrochroa syringaria.

Phal.-Geometra syringaria, Linn., Syst. Nat., x, 520.

Hygrochroa syringaria, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. 1, p. 328

(1901).

Two male and three female specimens all bred from

larvae taken at Junsai Numa, near Hakodate, in June,

1902, found feeding on Shiro-utsugi (Stephanandra flexuosa,

S. and L.). The imagines emerged in June and July.

Leech does not record syringaria from Japan, but it is

mentioned by Staudinger.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. EuRoPE; ARMENIA; W. SIBERIA ;

KE. StpERIA (Amurland, Ussuri) ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 403a.

237.

Hygrochroa (2) discolor.

Garaeus discolor, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893,

p. 400, pl. xxxii, fig. 19; Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, ii, p. 234 (1895).

One male specimen from Kiire, province of Satsuma,

Kyuasha, July 29, 1895.

There are three specimens of this species in the National

Collection, South Kensington: one from the Khasis, one

from Ichang, and one from Kytsht, Japan (Leech).

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KytsHo.

General distribution. INDIA; CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 402.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 305

Genus SEBASTOSEMA.

Warren, Nov. Zool., iu, p. 100 (1896).

238.

Sebastosema (2) tripartita, sp. n. (Plate XXX], fig. 5.)

?. Head and thorax brown; abdomen greyish brown, edges of

the segments furnished with blackish spines, on segments 6 and 7

there are double rows of spines and these are fringed with brownish

hair. Forewings brown on basal and outer marginal areas, whitish

brown on medial area ; antemedial line black, oblique, limiting the

outer marginal area ; submarginal line indicated by some blackish

dots towards the costa. Hindwings pale brown, darker on the outer

marginal area; discal dot black. Fringes brown. Under surface

similar to above but the brown colour of the forewings is paler,

especially on the basal area.

Expanse 44 mm.

Female type from Sendagaya, Tokyo, November, 1894.

Local distribution. Honvo.

Habitat, JAPAN.

Collection number, 923.

Genus EPIONE.

Duponchel, Cat. Lép. Eur., vii (2), p. 211 (1829).

239.

Epione magnaria, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 29.)

?. Pale ochreous sparingly powdered with brownish. Forewings

have a linear blackish discal dot ; antemedial and postmedial lines

brown, the first curved towards the costa and the latter almost

parallel with the outer margin but slightly bent outwards before the

costa. Hindwings have a curved brown line that appears to be a

continuation of the postmedial on forewings. Underside paler, all

the wings have a brown postmedial line and there are faint traces of

the discal mark and of the antemedial line on forewings.

Expanse 36 mm.

Female type from Nikko, October, 1893.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 539,

306 Mr. A. E. MMfleman on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus PROTEOSTRENIA.

Warren, Nov. Zool., 11, p. 153 (1895).

240.

Proteostrenia pica, sp. n. (Plate XXX, fig. 18.)

Q. Forewings have the basal two-thirds blackish with two

whitish spots at the base and two about the middle of the costa ;

outer third whitish, the neuration blackish; submarginal line

blackish, connected with the basal two-thirds by a blackish dash

between veins 3 and 4, Hindwings have the basal half blackish

with a white spot in the cell ; outer half white, traversed by two

blackish curved bands, venation blackish. Fringes blackish marked

with white on the forewings. Underside as above.

Expanse 28 mm.

Female type taken at Omine-San, Yamato, July, 1894.

This may possibly prove to be the female of the

following species P. atrata.

Local distribution. Honpbo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 440.

241.

Proteostrenia atrata, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 24).

¢. Sooty black. Forewings have a white spot at apex and a

short white dash on the costa, one-fourth from the apex; there are

traces of a pale postmedial line from the white dash extending to the

inner margin and bent inwards below the cell; discal dot black.

Fringes slightly paler. Underside as above.

Expanse 32 mm.

Male type from lida-San, Higo, May, 1894. A series of

eleven male specimens taken in May, July, and August,

1894, at Omine-San and Obamine-San, in the province of

Yamato, and at lida-San, Higo. Nine of the specimens

were taken on July 21 and 22, 1894, at Omine-San, the

remaining two at Obamine-San and Jida-San in May

and August, 1894. I am inclined to think that the

preceding insect already described by me as Proteostrenia

pica will prove to be the female of Proteostrenia atrata.

The female type of P. pica was taken at Omine-San,

where the majority of the males of P. atrata were cap-

tured, and it is the only specimen I possess, A similar

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 307

striking difference in the sexes exists in the case of P.

leda, Butl., the female of which was named EZpione

strenioides by Butler, and was eventually discovered to be

the female of leda.

The series does not show any variation in colour or

markings, and the specimens measure in expanse from

28 mm. to 32 mm,

Local distribution. Honbo; KyUsav.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 514,

242.

Proteostrenia leda.

Epione leda, Butl., Ill, Het. B. M., u, p. 46, pl. xxxv, fig. 5

1878 (2).

Epione strenioides, Butl., 1. ¢., fig. 6 (2 ).

Epione lachrymosa, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1881, p. 402,

var, (2).

Epione ossea, Butl., 1. c. (var. 9).

Calcaritis oberthiieru, Butl., op. cit., p. 597 (var. ).

Therapis straminea, Butl., op. cit., p. 401 (var. 2).

Proteostrenia leda, ab. occulta, Warr., Nov. Zool., vit,

p. 200 (1901).

Ephoria leda, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xix,

p. 202 (1897).

Proteostrenia occulta, Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1902, p. 628.

Ab. occulta was described by Warren from Kariyama,

Japan; unrecorded by Leech. Male type in Tring Museum.

General distribution. CENTRAL and W, CHINA; JAPAN.

Genus AMBLYCHIA.

Guenée, Uranides et Phalénites, 1, p. 214 (1857);

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ui, p. 241 (1895).

243.

Amblychia angeronaria.

Amblychia angeronaria, Guen. Phal., i, p. 215, pl. iv,

fig. 9 (1857); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii.,

pp. 241, 242, fig. 129 (1895).

One male and two female specimens from Hiko-San,

Buzen, May and June, 1893. The whitish lunules of the

308 Mr. A. E. Witeman on New and Unrecorded Species

inner edge of the antemedial dark line are entirely absent

in one female and faintly present in the other.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KyYtsat.

General distribution. SIKHIM; ASSAM; CEYLON;

ANDAMANS; SUMATRA; JAVA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 477.

Genus DULIOPHYLE,

Warren, Nov. Zool., i, p. 432 (1894).

244,

Duliophyle agitata.

Boarmia agitata, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), i,

p. 396 (1878)5-ill. Het; 1B. Mit ii pasa) molexlya

fic. 9 (1879).

Xandrames agitata, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

xix, p. 327 (1897).

Duliophyle agitata, Warr., Nov. Zool., 1, p. 432 (1894).

Duliophyle agitata, ab. diluta, Warr., Nov. Zool., vii

p. 113 (1900).

Warren describes an aberration of D. agitata, ab. diluta,

which was not mentioned by Leech in his catalogue.

Warren remarks : “One male marked simply Japan ; it is

therefore not known whether the insect represents an

accidental paler and larger form, or a local difterence.”

Type f in Tring Museum,

A series of five males and one female taken at Karui-

zawa, Shinano, August, 1900; Yezo (Andrews); Koya-

San, Ku, September, 1894. The specimen from Yezo, a

male, is paler than the others and not so heavily marked

with fuscous. It is probably near the aberration diluta

described by Warren, but is much smaller, only 54 mm.,

whilst diluta is 72 mm.

Local distribution. Honno; YEZzOo.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 488.

Genus LYcta.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 319 (1827).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 309

245.

Lycia betularia.

Geometra betularia, Linn., Syst. Nat., x, p. 521 (1758);

Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 336 (1901).

Amphidasis doubledayaria (ab.), Millére, Icones, ii, p. 228,

pl. Ixxv, fig. 7 (1864), and ii, p. 117, pl. in, fig. 1 (1869).

Amphydasis cognataria (v. et ab. ?), Guen., 1, p. 208 (1857) ;

Pack., Geom., 413.

Biston betularia, ab. nigra, Heyl. Tijdschr., xiii, p. 155,

pl. vi, fig. 3 (1870).

Biston betularius, var. fumosarius, Alph., Rom. sur Lép.,

ix, p. 140 (1897).

Biston robustum, var. parva, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat.

Hist. (6), xix, p. 323 (1897).

Eubyjodonta concinna (v. et ab.?), Warr., Nov. Zool., vi,

p: 50 (1899).

Betularva has not been recorded from Japan by Leech,

but is recorded by Staudinger. Leech, however, describes

Biston robustum, var. parva, from China, which in the

National Collection is placed in the series of cognataria,

Guen. Cognataria from North America is considered by

Staudinger to be a form of betularia.

One male specimen of var. parva from Junsai Numa,

province of Oshima, Yezo, July, 1902. Leech’s f type is

from Pu-tsu-fong, W. China.

Local distribution. YEZO; Honpo, Oiwake (Pryer).

General distribution. KUROPE; N. AMERICA (cognataria) ;

ARMENIA; W. TURKESTAN; W.and E. SIBERIA; CENTRAL

and W. CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 474.

246.

Lycia robustum.

Liston robustwm, Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), iv,

p. 871 (1879) ; Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

XIX, p.\322 (1897). \.

Hubyja robustum, ab. albicollis, Warr. Nov. Zool., viii,

p99 (11901).

A series of fifteen males and two females, the specimens

measuring in expanse from 50 mm. f to 72'mm. @, all

taken in the neighbourhood of Tokyo from March 19

310 Mr. A. E. Weman on New and Unrecorded Species

to April 11, during a period of five years. Among the

series are specimens of ab. a/licollis taken during the

same period. B. robustwm is always found at rest on the

trunks of various species of dwarf oaks (O-nara = Quercus

erispula, Bl.; Ko-nara = Quercus glandulifera Bl. and

Kunugi = Quereus serrata, Thnbg.), on which the larva

feeds. It is one of the earliest moths to appear, and

I have rarely seen it later than the middle of April.

It is difficult to find, as its wings as a rule harmonise

so perfectly with its resting-place on the bark of the oak

trees. Warren remarks concerning ab. albicollis, which

is unrecorded by Leech: “ Butler’s types, f and @, have

both the wings and head of the same dully grey-brown

tint; ina ¢ from Yokohama, while the central area of

both wings and apical area of forewings are whitish in

ground-colour thickly speckled like the rest of the wings

with dark, the upper half of face and the whole breadth

of the shoulders are clear white. The third example

in the British Museum Collection, also a f from Yoko-

hama, agrees with the present specimen in these respects;

whether this paler form is peculiar to the Yokohama

district or not remains to be proved.”

Type of ab. albicollis, $ in B. M.

Local distribution. Hondo (Yokohama, Tokyo).

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 476.

247,

Lycia tortuosa, sp.n. (Plates XXX, fig. 1, 7;

XXX] fig27599.)

¢. Antennae bipectinate. Forewings dark grey suffused with

blackish especially on the basal two-thirds; antemedial line black,

curved, indented at costa and about middle; postmedial line black

with a deep sinus before the middle and a lesser one under

vein 2; there is a dusky transverse shade between the ante- and

postmedial lines but nearer to the latter; submarginal line whitish,

indistinct. Hindwings rather paler on basal three-fourths, trans-

verse lines appear to be continuations of those on the forewings, and

there is a black dot on the medial one. Underside pale greyish

suffused and clouded with fuscous ; forewings have a blackish discal

mark and three transverse lines, the outer one which is most distinct,

black, almost erect, but slightly bent opposite end of the cell;

hindwings have a black discal spot preceded by a dusky transverse

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 311

shade and followed by a black transverse line which is bent opposite

the spot.

Expanse 42 mm.

?. Browner, the antemedial line of forewings not so distinctly

dentate below the costa, and the upper sinus of postmedial line not

so deep as in the male.

Male type from Tobetsu, Oshima, July, 1902. Female

type from Nikko, August, 1893. <A series of eight male

specimens and one female taken at Tobetsu and Junsai

Numa, Oshima, Yezo, in June and July, 1902, 1903, and

at Nikko, August, 1893.

Expanse of series from 34 to 42 mm.

Local distribution. YEZo; Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

This species comes near Lycia (Liston) robustum, var.

parva, Leech. It differs, however, from parva in the

antemedial line being indented below costa, and in its

much smaller size.

Collection numbers, 533, 5338a.

Genus GNOPHOS.

Treitschke, Eur. Schmett., vi, 1, p. 160 (1827); Hamp-

son, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 251 (1895).

248,

Gnophos perdita.

Gnophos perdita (Butler ?), Staud., Ivis, x, p. 61 (1897), Cat.

Lep. pal., i, p. 345 (1901).

Staudinger records this species from Japan with a

query, and states in the Iris (swpra) that a female of this

species was identified for him by Leech, but that he is

unable to discover where Butler described the species ;

unrecorded by Leech.

General distribution. E. S1BERIA (Ussuri); ? JAPAN.

Genus ALCIS.

Curtis, Brit. Ent., p. 113 (1829).

249,

Alcis invenustaria.

Amphidasys invenustaria, Leech, Entom., suppl. p. 43

(May, 1891).

312 Mr. A. E. Mfleman on New and Unrecorded Species

Biston invenustaria, var. sinicaria, Leech, Ann. and Mag.

Nat. Hist. (6), xix, p. 324 (1897).

Alcis invenustaria, ab. suffusaria, Warr., Nov. Zool., viii,

p. 32 (1901).

Alcis molata, Warren, Nov. Zool., viii, p. 33 (1901).

Boarmia invenustaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1902, p. 624.

Warren has described an aberration, suffusaria, which is

not mentioned by Leech in his catalogue. Warren’s form,

suffusaria, is exactly the opposite of Leech’s form, sinicaria.

In the latter the black markings and brown bands are

darker and more prominent. In the former all black

markings are absent, and the upper surface of both wings

is suffused with dull grey in which even the brown

markings are almost lost.

A series of eight males and two females of the typical

form taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in June, July, August,

1899, and at Junsai Numa, Oshima, Yezo, June, 1902:

var. sinecaria, Leech, type f, from W. China (Moupin);

ab. suffusaria, Warr., type 3, from Japan (Yokohama).

Local distribution. Hondo; YEZO.

General distribution. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 481.

Genus BOARMIA.

Treitschke, Eur. Schmett., v, p. 483 (1825); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 256 (1895).

250.

Boarnia concinnata, sp. n.

¢. Antennae bipectinate, the branches slender and decumbent.

Forewings whitish grey, powdered with greyish brown most densely

on the outer marginal area ; antemedial line blackish, curved, indis-

tinct ; postmedial line black, outwardly edged with whitish, curved

inwardly to lower angle of cell, thence oblique to the inner margin ;

medial line outwardly oblique to lower angle of cell, thence parallel

with postmedial line to the inner margin ; submarginal line whitish,

sinuous ; some black dots on the outer margin between the nervules.

Hindwings whitish, sparingly powdered with greyish brown, more

heavily on the outer marginal area ; there are traces of a blackish

medial line on the abdominal area, the postmedial line is black and

‘of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 313

wavy, and the submarginal is whitish, wavy, indistinct. Fringes of

all the wings whitish grey preceded by a wavy black line. Under-

side whitish, powdered with fuscous brown ; all the wings have a

blackish discal dot and traces of a blackish postmedial line on the

costa.

Expanse 40 mm.

A series of three male specimens taken at Hakodate,

April, 1902, measuring in expanse from 37 to 40 mm.

Agrees very closely in markings with B. interrupta, and

possibly may be a pale form of that species.

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat, JAPAN.

Collection number, 526.

251.

Boarmia interrupta, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 2.)

g. Antennae bipectinate, the branches slender and decumbent.

Forewings brownish, upper part of median third whitish brown as

also is the space between the antemedial and medial lines ; ante-

medial line black, curved through the cell thence slightly oblique

to the inner margin, a black dot on it at costa and at median

nervure ; postmedial line black, outwardly edged with whitish-

brown, undulated ; medial line outwardly oblique from costa to

middle of the cell where it is bent inward to lower angle of the

cell thence almost parallel with postmedial to the inner margin ;

submarginal line whitish, wavy, outwardly edged with deep brown.

Hindwings whitish brown powdered with darker ; antemedial line

brown, not well defined especially towards the costa ; postmedial

line blackish, serrate, followed by a brown shade; submarginal band

whitish, wavy, indistinct towards the costa. Fringes of all the wings

greyish brown, preceded by a black wavy line, the line on fore-

wings with black dots on it. Underside whitish, suffused with

fuscous on forewings and powdered with fuscous on the hindwings ;

all the wings have a blackish discal dot and a dusky transverse line

beyond, but that on the forewings is only traceable on the costal

area.

Expanse 36 mm.

Male type from Tokyo, April, 1898.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 526a.

314 Mr. A. E. Vjiteman on New and Unrecorded Species

252.

Boarmia pagina, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 28.)

Q. Head and thorax pale grey mixed with darker, the collar

tipped with black, abdomen darker grey. Forewings whitish, pow-

dered with brownish grey; antemedial line black, curved, slightly

dentate; postmedial line black, outwardly edged with whitish,

sinuous, dentate below the middle; a dusky discal spot with a

blackish excurved medial line beyond it ; submarginal line whitish,

indistinct below the costal area. Hindwings agree in colour with

the forewings, medial and postmedial lines black, the latter dentate,

both well defined except towards the costa. Fringes grey preceded

by a fine blackish line, with black dots on it, between the veins.

Underside silky greyish white, the markings of the upperside

faintly reproduced.

Expanse 43 mm.

Female type from Hakodate, April, 1902.

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 534.

253.

Boarmia amphidasyaria.

Boarmia amphidasyaria, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., v, p. 46,

pl. ix, fig. 6 (1880); Staud., Iris, x, p. 48 (1897);

Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 3388, No. 3851 (1901).

A female specimen from Hakodate, taken in April, 1902.

Differs from the figure of the type in having the transverse

lines more distinct, and the submarginal line is preceded

by a whitish band which is contracted about the middle.

Staudinger records this species from Japan, unrecorded

by Leech.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. Ussuri; JAPAN.

Collection number, 593.

254.

Boarmia dissimilis.

Boarmia dissimilis, Staud., Iris, i, p. 52, pl. 1, fig. 36.

Two female specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

June, 1900, 1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 315

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. KE. StBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection number, 531.

255.

Boarmia definita.

Boarmia definita, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p.

407; Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xix,

p. 417 (1897).

Alecis nigrifumata, Warr., Nov. Zool., viii, p. 199 (1901).

Type nigrifumata, Z, in Tring Museum, June, 1896.

Recorded by Leech from Japan as Boarmia definita.

Local distribution. Honpo, Oiwake (Pryer); Tokyo,

type (Fenton) ; Oyama (nigrifumata), (Fenton).

Habitat. JAPAN.

256.

Boarmia lectonia.

Boarmia lectonia, Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902,

p. 626.

Described by Swinhoe from Japan.

Type in British Museum.

Halitat. JAPAN.

257.

Boarnia repulsaria.

Boarmia repulsaria, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxi, p. 374

(1860).

A male specimen from Tarumidzu, Osumi, September,

1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Kytsuv.

General distribution. HONGKONG; JAPAN.

Collection number, 532.

Genus MEDASINA.

Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iti, p. (408 1886); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, ii, p. 283 (1895).

316 Mr. A. E. \eman on New and Unrecorded Species

258.

Medasina nikkonis.

Boarmia nikkonis, Butl, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,

p- 406.

Tephrosia biundularia, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6), xix, p. 337 (1897) (part).

A fine series of five males and one female taken at

Hakodate, in April and May, 1902, and one unlocalised

specimen probably taken at Nikko. These specimens are

larger, paler, and less powdered with fuscous than the type.

Unrecorded by Leech from Japan, but included by him

as a synonym of 7’. biwndularia, Borkh.

One male specimen only, the type, in the National

Collection from Nikko.

Local distribution. YEZo ; Honpo.

Halnitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 525.

Genus ECTROPIS.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 316 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, iii, p. 256 (1895).

259.

Ectropis brunnearia.

Tephrosia brunnearia, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6), xix, p.. 389 (1897);

A series of six male and four female specimens taken

at the following localities: Yoshino, Yamato, June and

July, 1895, 1899, 1900, 1901; Kumamoto and Jinnai,

Higo, May, 1893; Ishidzuchi-San and Ohoki, Iyo, June

and July, 1896.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; KytsHt'; SHIKOKU.

General distribution. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 496.

260.

Ectropis consonaria.

Geometra consonaria, Hiibn., Geom., pl. xxx, fig. 157 (1798).

Boarinea consonaria, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. p. 343 (1901).

—._

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 317

One male and one female taken at Hakodate, in May,

1902, and at Takao-San, near Tokyo, in April, 1894.

Recorded by Staudinger from Japan, unrecorded by

Leech.

One specimen in National Collection from Yokohama

(Pryer).

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. EUROPE; E. SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 502a and 506.

261.

Ectropis praepicta.

Ectropis (?) praepicta, Warr., Nov. Zool., viii, p. 33 (1901).

Described by Warren from Yokohama; unrecorded by

Leech.

Type 2 in Tring Museum.

There is a coloured figure only of this species in the

National Collection.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

262.

Eetropis grisescens,

Ectropis grisescens, Warr. Nov. Zool., i, p. 434 (1894); ad.,

ab. obliqua, Warr., 1. ¢., p. 434.

Tephrosia grisescens, Leech, Aun. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

xix, p. 838 (1897).

Leech records the above species in his catalogue, but

makes no mention of the aberration obligua referred to

by Warren, who remarks that obliqgua “shows the simple

formation of the cross lines much more plainly than

typical grisescens.”

Type of grisescens 2, Ningpo.

Type of obliqua 2, Hakodate.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. CHINA; JAPAN.

Genus ARICHANNA.

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 658 ; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 10, p. 290 (1895).

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART I. (OCT.) Wi

318 Mr. A. E. Wleman on New and Unrecorded Species

263.

Arichanna jaguarinaria.

Arichanna jaguarinaria, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., vi, p. 17

pl. ix, fig. 1; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii,

p. 295.

This species is recorded by Leech from China, but not

from Japan. Hampson, however, records it from Japan.

General distribution. JAPAN; WESTERN CHINA; INDIA

(Nagas).

Genus PERCNIA.

Guenée, Phal., 1, p. 216 (1857); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, ii, p. 806 (1895).

264.

Percnia exanthemata.

Cucula exanthemata, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 266.

Percenia exanthemata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

ii, p. 308 (1895).

Three male specimens taken at the following localities :

Shimoshiiba and Oteno, Hytga, July, 1893; Yoshino,

Yamato, June, 1891.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honno; Kytsuu.

General distribution. SIKHIM; KHASIS; JAPAN.

Collection number, 581.

Genus ABRAXAS.

Leach, Edin. Encycel., ix, p. 184 (1815); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iui, p. 297 (1895).

265.

Abraxas sylvata.

Phalaena sylvata, Scop., Ent. Carn., p. 220 (1763).

Abraxas sylvata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 111,

p. 299 (1895); Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

xix, p. 445 (1897).

Abraxas miranda, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), 1,

p- 441 (1878); Ill. Het. B. M., iii, p. 48, pl. li, fig. 12

(1879).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 319

Abraxas suffusa, Warr., Nov. Zool., i, p. 417 (1894).

Abraxas sylvata, ab. continuata, Warr., Nov. Zool. x,

p- 269 (1903).

Type 2 (suffusa), from Japan.

I have met with varieties of sylvata in most places

worked by myself and collector; in Hondo, Kyitsht,

Shikoko, and Yezo.

General distribution. Europe; E. S1BER1A (Amur) ;

CorEA; CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 572.

Genus PoGONOPYGIA.

Warren, Nov. Zool., i, p. 416, 681 (1894).

266.

Pogonopygia nigralbata.

Pogoropygia nigralbata, Warr., Nov. Zool., i, p. 681 (1894);

Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, p. 635.

Pogonopygia nigralbata, var. attenuata, Warr., Nov. Zool.,

iv, p. 240 (1897).

Described by Warren from Japan, unrecorded by Leech.

Type ¢ in Tring Museum (Khasia Hills). Type ?

attenuata in Tring Museum (Selangor).

Local distribution. UNKNOWN.

General distribution. CENTRAL CHINA; KBASIA

HILits; MALAY PENINSULA (Selangor); JAPAN.

Sub-family OENOCHROMINAE.

Genus ABRAXAPHANTES,

Warren, Nov. Zool., p. 374 (1894); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iui, p. 314 (1895).

267.

Abraxaphantes mabillaria.

Erosia (?) mabillaria, Pouj., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1895,

p. 311, pl. vi, fig. 12.

Palacomystis mabillaria, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6), vol. xix, p. 544 (1897).

Y 2

320 Mr. A. E, Weman on New and Unrecorded Species

Three female specimens taken in August, 1897, at

Karuizawa, Shinano.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. WESTERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 544.

Genus OZOLA.

Walker, xxiv, p. 1080 (1862); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, iii, p. 8327 (1895).

268.

Ozola impedita.

Acidalia impedita, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxiii, p. 766

(1861).

Zarmigethusa brangulifera, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 263 (1888).

zola brangulifera, Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1894,

p. 168.

Ozola impedita, Swinh., Lep. Het. Oxon. Mus., ii, p. 331

(1900).

Ozola impedita japonica, Prout, Gen. Ins., Geom., sub-

fam. Oenochrominae, p. 94 (1910).

Two male specimens of var. japonica taken at Kiire,

province of Satsuma, in July, 1895, and one male at

Kumamoto, province of Higo, June, 1893.

Type of tmpedita in Oxford Museum.

“Ozola japonica differs from typical impedita in more

ochreous tone, sharper and uninterrupted lines, the inner

on forewing scarcely angulated in all, a distinct, gently-

curved median line on hindwing, which is almost absent in

typical ampedita, subterminal black spots distinct through-

out both wings, cell-spots of hindwing small (almost as in

stnurcosta), underside much more unicoloured than in the

type, with the apical cloud only quite weakly differentiated.

Discocellulars of hindwing as in typical impedita.

“Kyusha (Nagasaki two), three examples in collection

Brit. Mus.’—(Prout.)

Described from Japan by Prout.

Local distribution. KyYUsHt.

General distribution. Inpia (Sikhim, Khasis); JAPAN.

Collection number, 545.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 321

Sub-family LARENTIAN AE.

Genus LYGRANOA.

Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), i, p. 402 (1878).

269.

Lygranoa confusa. (Plate XXXI, fig. 8.)

Lygranoa confusa, Warren, ined.

Forewings greyish brown slightly tinged with purple ; ante- and

postmedial lines darker, originating in brown spots on the costa, the

first line turns inwards below the costa and is slightly angled before

the inner margin, the second line is bent outwards below the costa

thence rather wavy tothe inner margin. Hindwings slightly fuscous

tinged. Fringes of all the wings grey brown, ochreous at base and

whitish at tips, except at ends of the veins, Underside paler than

above and without markings.

Expanse 28 mm.

Four male specimens taken at Yoshino, province of

Yamato, in May, 1901; Junsai Numa and Hakodate, in

July, 1902, 1903.

Male type received from Mr. Andrews, Hakodate (coll.

Wileman).

In the National Collection at South Kensington there

are four specimens of this species, which has been named

by Warren, but the description has apparently never been

published by him.

Local distribution. Honvo, Tokyo, Yokohama, (B. JZ);

YEZO.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 590.

Genus CARIGE.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxvi, p. 1631 (1862).

270.

Carige absorpta.

Carige absorpta, Warren, Nov. Zool., vi, p. 338 (1899).

Described by Warren from Japan, unrecorded by Leech.

Type in Tring Museum.

This species is represented by a coloured figure only in

the National Collection.

Habitat. JAPAN.

322 Mr. A. KE. Waeman on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus PHILEREME.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 330 (1827).

271,

Philereme duliosata.

Scotosia dubiosata, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxv, p. 1852,

(1862).

Philereme variegata, Warren.

A female specimen taken at Hakodate, July, 1902.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. AFGHANISTAN; NORTH-WEST

HIMALAYAS; SikKHIM; NILGIRIS; JAPAN,

Collection number, 5960.

Genus COoLLix.

Guenée, Phal., ii, p. 857 (1857).

272.

Collix hyposplata.

Collix hypospilata, Guen., Phal., 11, p. 358, 1481 (1857);

Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, p. 647.

Collix subligata, Warr., Nov. Zool., iii, p. 8385 (1896).

Phibalapteryx hypospilata, Hampson, Ill. Het. B. M., ix,

pl. clxxi, fig. 26 (1893); zd., Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, iii, p. 347 (1895).

A female specimen from Chiran, province of Satsuma,

August, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Kuysnu. ;

General distribution. S. AFrica; INDIA; CEYLON;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 660.

Genus PHIBALAPTERYX.

Stephens, Ill. Brit. Ent. Haust., iii, p. 255 (1829);

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 346 (1895).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 323

273.

Phibalapteryx semrorbiculata.

Phibalapteryx semiorbiculata, Chr., Bull. Mosc., ii, p. 103

(1880); Staud., Iris, x, p. 107, pl. in, fig. 68; Cat.

Lep. pal., i, p. 322 (1901).

Staudinger records this species from Japan, unrecorded

by Leech.

General distribution. KE. SIBERIA (Amurland, Ussuri) ;

JAPAN.

Genus COENOCALPE.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 274, 330 (1827).

274,

Coenocalpe stratata, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 2.)

6. Light brown. Forewings traversed by a number of blackish,

wavy lines; basal area rather darker, limited by a black line which

is outwardly oblique to median nervure where it is indented, thence

inwardly oblique to inner margin ; ante- and postmedial lines black,

the former elbowed below costa, the latter dentate about middle

where it is distinctly black ; submarginal line blackish, dentate,

diffuse; discal dot black and the venation on outer half of the wings

marked with black. Hindwings traversed by a number of blackish

lines all becoming indistinct towards the costa, the postmedial line

black, discal dot blackish. Underside fuscous, all the wings have a

black discal dot and a pale postmedial line.

Expanse 35 mm.

Male type from Gokanosho, Higo, September, 1895.

Two male specimens taken in the district of Gokanosho,

Higo, in September and October, 1895, and one female

specimen received from Mr. Andrews, Hakodate.

Local distribution. KytsHu; YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Seems to be most nearly allied to C. intestinata, Guen.,

from the United States.

Collection number, 597.

Genus EUSTROMA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 335 (1827).

324 Mr. A. E. \ygleman on New and Unrecorded Species

275.

Hustroma pyropata.

Geometra pyropata, Hiibn., Geom., fig. 328 (1805 ?); Staud.,

Cat. Lep. pal., p. 291 (1901).

A male specimen taken at Yoshino, Yamato, June,

1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. Europe; E. Siperta (Ussuri);

JAPAN.

Collection number, 608.

276.

Hustroma porphyriata.

Cidaria porphyriata, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 276 (1887);

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 360 (1895).

Cidaria multistriata, Butl., Ill. Het. B. M., vii, p. 119,

pl. cxxxvu, fig. 21 (1889).

A series of five males and seven females taken at

Yoshino, Yamato, in May, June and July, 1899, 1900,

1901, alee ab Joranices near Sapporo, Yezo, in August,

1896, and at Ohoki, province of Iyo, July, 1896.

Hitherto ae eoadetl from Japan.

Local distribution. HONDO; SHIKOKU; YEZO.

General distribution. INDIA; SIKHIM; JAPAN.

Genus CIDARIA.

Treitschke, Eur. Schmett., vi, 2, p. 140 (1828); Hampson

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 349 (1895).

277.

Cidaria illitata, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 9.)

¢. Forewings the base and the inner marginal half of the wings

blackish, the latter tinged with ferruginous towards the outer

margin; there is a slightly darker antemedial band and a blackish

cloud on the costa between it and the apical area which is blackish

intersected by a white X-like mark; fringes blackish towards apex

and white marked with blackish towards the inner margin. Hind-

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 325

wings fuscous, fringes white marked with blackish. Underside pale

fuscous, the forewings tinged with ochreous.

Expanse 30 mm.

Male type from Ohoki, Iyo, May, 1896.

Local distribution. SHIKOKU.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 623.

278.

Cidaria postalbida, sp. n.

¢g. Antennae finely ciliated. Forewings greyish brown tinged

with fulvous; subbasal line blackish outwardly edged with whitish,

angled below the costa; antemedial and postmedial lines blackish,

the former outwardly oblique to median nervure, thence incurved to

inner margin, the latter outwardly oblique from the costa, where it

is edged with whitish, excurved beyond the cell thence wavy to the

inner margin; submarginal line blackish outwardly edged with

white, crenulate and parallel with the outer margin except towards

the costa; discal mark black, linear, a black interrupted longitudinal

streak on the middle third of inner margin, and some black inter-

nervular streaks on the outer margin below the apex. Hindwings

whitish, discal dot black. Under surface whitish, forewings tinged

with fuscous, an obscure discal mark and traces of postmedial and

submarginal lines.

Expanse 34 mm,

The female is of a deeper colour and larger than the

male, and the black longitudinal streak on the inner margin

is more conspicuous.

Expanse of series, 30 mm. 7, 36 mm. ?

Resembles some forms of Larentia comis, Butl.

Male type from Tokyo, April, 1895.

A series of eleven specimens, two males and nine

females, taken at the following localities: Tokyo, April,

May and October, 1893, 1894, 1895; Yoshino, Yamato,

May, 1901, October, 1900; Kobe, November, 1900;

Dorokawa, Yamato, July, 1894; Hakodate, July, 1902.

From the preceding dates it would appear that there

are two broods in the year.

Local distribution. Honpo; YEzo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 644.

326 Mr. A. EK. Wayeman on New and Unrecorded Species

279.

Cidaria corylata.

Geometra corylata, Thunb., Ins. Suec., iv, p. 61, pl. iv,

fig. 11 (1792).

Hydriomena corylata, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1892,

stp

Cidadia fabrefactaria, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., v, p. 56,

pl. iv, fig. 15 (1880).

Thera granitalis, Butl, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,

p. 426.

The form granitalis described by Butler from Yokohama

was recorded by Leech under C. satwrata (Ann. and Mag.

Nat. Hist. (6), xix, p. 652.

One male specimen of this taken at Haramachi,

province of Higo, July, 1893.

Local distribution. Honpdo, Yokohama (Fenton), type,

Tokyo (Pryer); YEZO (Pryer); Kyushu ( Wileman).

General distribution. KuRopPE; E. SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 617.

Genus COREMIA.

Guenée, Phal., ii, p. 408 (1857).

280.

Coremia plumbeotincta.

Coremia plumbeotincta, Swinh., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6), xvi, p. 297 (1891).

Six male and five female specimens taken in the

following localities: Yoshino, Yamato, June, July and

September, 1895, 1899, 1900, 1901. Junsai Numa and ©

Ishikawa, province of Oshima, Yezo, May, 1902.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Hondo; YEZO.

General distribution. INDIA (Khasis, Sikhim, Simla);

S. Inp1a (Shillong, type); JAPAN.

Collection number, 628.

Genus LARENTIA.

Treitschke, Eur. Schmett., vi, 2, p. 75 (1828); Hampson

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 367 (1895).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 327

281,

Larentia saxea, sp. 0.

¢&. Basal three-fourths of forewings purplish brown, tinged with

chestnut brown between the black subbasal and antemedial lines ;

postmedial line black, wavy, outwardly edged with whitish, limiting

the basal three-fourths ; marginal fourth chestnut brown clouded

with purplish brown towards the apex ; a whitish blotch below the

middle ; submarginal line whitish, wavy; fringes whitish tinged

with chestnut brown. Hindwings and underside dark fuscous.

Expanse 24 mm.

Male type from Dorokawa, Yamato, August, 1894.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 629.

282.

Larentia senistrigata,

Larentia semistrigata, Chr., Bull. Mosce., 11, p. 99 (1880);

Staud., Iris, x, p. 102, pl. iii, fig. 63; Cat. Lep. pal.,

i, p. 805 (1901).

Staudinger records this species from Japan, unrecorded

by Leech.

General distribution. E. SIBERIA (Amurland, Ussuri);

JAPAN.

Genus AMOEBOTRICHA.

Warren, Nov. Zool., viii, p. 26 (1901).

283.

Amoebotricha correlata.

Amoebotricha correlata, Warr., Nov. Bucs vill, p. 26 (1901).

Described by Warren from one specimen of each sex

taken at Gifu, Japan. He remarks, “the insect

bears great resemblance to A. badiata, Hiibn., under

which name I believe it has been recorded by Mr.

Leech in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1897, i, p. 659.”

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

328 Mr. A. E. Wajgman on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus OPEROPHTERA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 321 (1827).

284.

Operophtera relegata.

Oporabia nexifasciata, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)

xix, p. 671 (1897) (nec Butl.).

Operophtera relegata, Prout, Entom., xli, p. 76 (1908).

Recorded by Leech from Japan as Oporabia nexifasciata,

separated by Prout and renamed.

Local distribution. Honpo, Yokohama (Pryer).

Habitat. JAPAN.

285.

Operophtera japonaria.

Oporabia japonaria, Leech, Entom., suppl., p. 48 (May,

1891); Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xix, p. 671

(1897).

Operophtera japonaria, Prout., Entom., xli, p. 77 (1908).

Recorded by Leech from Japan as Oporabia japonaria,

transferred to Genus Operophtera by Prout.

Local distribution. Honpbo, Yokohama (Pryer).

Habitat, JAPAN.

Genus AMOEBE.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 333 (1827).

286.

Amoebe bidentata.

Phalaena bidentata, Rott., Naturfor., xi, p. 75 (1777).

Phalaena sagittata, Fabr., Mant., p. 210 (1787).

Larentia sagittata, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., p. 308.

Two male specimens taken at Karuizawa, province of

Shinano, and Junsai Numa, province of Oshima, Yezo,

in July and September, 1895 and 1902.

In these specimens the whole of the central fascia of

forewings is much narrower than in European specimens,

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 329

and the lower half towards inner margin is reduced to

three dots.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpbo; YEZO.

General distribution. EUROPE; E. SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 540.

Genus POMASIA.

Guenée, Phal., i, p. 427 (1857); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, iii, p. 388 (1895).

287.

Pomasia denticlathrata.

Pomasia denticlathrata, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,

1898, p. 367; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

ili, p. 388 (1895).

Two male specimens taken at Kagoshima, Satsuma,

July, 1895, and at Kiyotaki, Hyiga, September, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Kytsuv.

General distribution. KuAsis; NAGAS; JAPAN.

Collection number, 740.

Genus EUPITHECIA.

Curtis, Brit. Ent., vi, pl. ixiv (1825); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iu, p. 398 (1895).

288.

Lupithecia sordidata, sp. n.

¢d. Forewings greyish brown, finely powdered with darker atoms ;

subbasal and antemedial lines black, both obtusely angled below the

costa, but the first is indistinct; medial line black, sinuous, the

outer edge paler than the ground-colour ; postmedial line black,

slightly incurved from the costa to vein 6, thence slightly wavy

and almost parallel with the outer margin; submarginal line pale,

sinuous, edged at the middle and the extremities with blackish, not

clearly defined ; discal spot black elongate. Hindwings pale fuscous

grey with black discal dot and blackish postmedial line, the latter

indistinct towards the costa. Fringes greyish, preceded by a black

330 Mr. A. E. Wagman on New and Unrecorded Species

line. Underside fuscous, all the wings have a discal mark and a

postmedial line.

Expanse,25 mm. ¢, 28 mm. 9.

One male and one female specimen taken at Tobetsu,

Oshima, in June, 1902.

Local distribution. YEZo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 695.

289.

Hupnthecia virgaureata.

ELupithecia virgaureata, Dbld. (H.), Newman’s Brit. Moths,

p. 127 (1867); Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 312

(1901).

Lupithecia pimpinellata, Guen., 11, 325 (nec Hb.).

Staudinger records this species from Japan, unrecorded

by Leech.

General distribution. KUROPE; ARMENIA; SIBERIA;

JAPAN.

290.

Lupithecia actaeata.

Euynthecia actaeata, Walderdorff, Corr. z. m., V, 1869,

p. 82 (Jun.).

Tephroclystia actaeata, Staud. Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 312

(1901).

Staudinger records this species from Japan with a query

as to whether it is a variety; unrecorded by Leech.

General distribution. KUROPE; UssurRI; JAPAN (var. ?).

Genus TRICHOPTERYX.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 323 (1827); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, 11, p. 404 (1895).

291.

Trichopteryx viretata.

Geometra viretata, Hiibn., Eur. Schmett., Geom., pl. xliv,

fig. 230 (ante 1803).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 331

Trichopteryx viretata, Hiibn., Verz., p. 323; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 405; Meyrick,

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 62; Leech, Ann. and

Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xx, p. 74 (1897).

Lobophora viretata, Steph., Til. Brit. Ent, Haust., it, p. 278 ;

oe Phalii <p: 368 ; Staud., Cat. Lep. pal.,

p. 237 (1901).

Staudinger records this species from Japan, unrecorded

by Leech.

General distribution. KUROPE; URAL; Inp1A (Dharm-

sala, Sikhim, Khasis); WESTERN CHINA; E. SIBERIA

(Ussuri); JAPAN.

292.

Trichopteryx insontata.

Lobophora insontata, Chr., Bull. Mosce., 11, p. 90 (1880);

Staud., Iris, x, p. 74, pl. ili, fig. 46; Cat. Lep. pal.,

i, p. 287 (1901).

Staudinger records this species from Japan, unrecorded

by Leech.

General distribution. AMURLAND; USSURI; JAPAN.

293.

Trichopteryx ustata.

Lobophora ustata, Chr., Bull. Mosc., 1880, u, p. 91; Staud.,

Iris, x, p. 72; Cat. Lep. pal. i, p. 286 (1901).

Lobophora choaspitis, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., x, p. 33, pl. i,

fig. 10 (1884).

Trichopteryx choaspitis, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6), xx, p. 74 (1897).

Two male and five female specimens taken at Hakodate

and Junsai Numa, in April and May, 1902. Choaspitis,

Oberth., which is recorded by Leech from Japan, is

referred by Staudinger to ustata, Chr., which has priority.

Local distribution. Hondo; YEZO.

General distribution. EK. SIBERIA (Amurland, Ussuri,

Askold); JAPAN.

Collection number, 640.

Genus ASTHENA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 310 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, iti, p. 417 (1895).

332 Mr. A. E. Wgitman on New and Unrecorded Species

294.

Asthena remiss, sp. n.

dé. Grey faintly tinged with purple. Forewings have three

transverse lines, the first and third sinuous ; traces of similar lines

on the hindwings.

Expanse 22 mm.

Male type from Iida-San, Higo, May, 1899. Two male

and seven female specimens taken in the following

localities: Junsai Numa, Oshima, July, 1902; Iida-San,

Higo, May, 1899; Yoshino, Yamato, June and July, 1895,

1899, 1900, 1901 and 1902.

Expanse of series 18 mm. to 22 mm.

Local distribution. Honpo; YEZo.

Halitat, JAPAN.

Collection number, 743,

295.

Asthena anseraria.

Acidalia anseraria, Herr-Schaff Eur. Schmett., vi, p. 134,

suppl, 560 (1856); Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. p. 308

(1901).

Cidaria soldaria, Turati, Bull. Ent. It., xi, p. 186, pl. viii,

figs. 11, 12 (1879).

Staudinger records this species from Japan, unrecorded,

by Leech.

General distribution. EUROPE; E. SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Genus HASTINA.

Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 260 (1888); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, ii, p. 422 (1895).

296.

Hastina caeruleolineata.

Hastina caeruleolineata, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 260 (1888) ;

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 422 (1895).

A female specimen taken at Jozanke, near Sapporo,

Yezo, August, 1896.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. SIKHIM; JAPAN.

Collection number, 550.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 339

Genus PSEUDOSTEGANIA.

Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 416 (1881); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ili, p. 417 (1895).

297.

Pseudostegania defectata.

Larentia defectata, Chr. Bull. Mosc., p. 108 (1880);

Staud., Iris, x, p. 103, pl. ili, fig. 65; Cat. Lep. pal.,

1, p. 806 (1901).

Pseudostegania chrysidia, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1881, p. 417; Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

xx, p. 80 (1897),

Two male and four female specimens taken as follows:

Hakuchi, Awa, September, 1896; Ohoki and Komatsu,

- Tyo, June and July, 1896; Hashd, Ise, October, 1894;

Imoseyama, Yamato, June, 1894; Koya-San, Kishi,

September, 1894.

Described from Japan by Butler under the name

chrysidia, and recorded by Leech under this name.

Christoph, however, described it as defectata, which name

has priority.

Local distribution. SHikoku; Honpo.

General distribution. KE. SipeRtA (Ussuri); Corea;

JAPAN,

Staudinger in his Catalogue refers to this species as

chrysidice, instead of chrysidia. This is evidently a

clerical error, or printer’s mistake, as he quotes the

reference to Butler’s description quite correctly.

Collection number, 697.

Sub-family ACIDALIANAE.

Genus ACIDALIA.

Treitschke, Eur. Schmett., v, 2, p. 438 (1825); Hamp-

son, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ii, p. 436 (1895).

298.

Acidalia corrwalaria.

Acidalia corrivalaria, Kretsch., Berl. ent. Zeit., 1862,

p. 136, pl. i, fig. 6 a, 6; Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., i,

p. 275 (1901).

? Acidalia sylvestraria, Herr-Schaff., 106-7.

TRANS. ENT. SOC, LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.) Z

334 Mr. A. E. Wl@man on New and Unrecorded Species

Staudinger records this species from Japan with a query

as to whether it is a variety. Unrecorded by Leech.

General distribution. EKurRopE; E. SipER1A (Amurland,

Ussuri) ; COREA; JAPAN (var. ?).

299.

Acidalia imbella.

Craspedia imbella, Warren, Nov. Zool., viii, p. 22 (1901).

Described by Warren from Japan, unrecorded by Leech.

Type ? in Tring Museum.

Hatlitat. JAPAN.

300.

Acidalia apicipunctata.

Acidalia apicipunctata, Chr., Bull. Mosce., 1, p. 54 (1880);

Piing., Iris, x, p: 862; Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. 1,

p. 275 (1901).

Staudinger records the species from Japan, unrecorded

by Leech.

General distribution. EK. SIBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

301.

Acidalia rgnobilis.

Craspedia ignobilis, Warren, Nov. Zool., vii, p. 22 (1901).

Described by Warren from Japan.

Type ¢ in Tring Museum.

Habitat. JAPAN.

302.

Acidalia nudaria.

Acidalia nudaria, Chr., Bull. Mosc., ii, p. 44 (1880);

Staud), Iris, x, p, 15, pl: 1,ctig, (639Cat. Lep, palia,

p. 268 (1901).

Staudinger records this species from Japan, unrecorded

by Leech.

General distribution. KE, Stperta (Amurland); JAPAN.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 335

303.

Acidalia lauta.

Ptychopoda lauta, Warren, Nov. Zool., viii, p. 25 (1901).

Described by Warren from Japan. °

Type f in Tring Museum.

Habitat. JAPAN.

304.

Acidalia (?) inchoata, sp. 0.

¢. Forewings grey brown powdered with black scales and suffused

with pink on the median area ; ante- and postmedial lines blackish,

edged with whitish, both wavy, the latter outwardly curved round

end of the cell ; submarginal line whitish, highly sinuous. Hind-

wings similar to the forewings. All the wings have a blackish

discal mark, and the fringes are whitish, preceded by a crenulate

black line. Underside whitish, with traces of tranverse lines.

Expanse 20 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato.

Seven male specimens and one female taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, July, August and September, 1895,

1899, 1900; also taken at Mizazaki and Takanabe ,Hyuga,

in September and October, 1895; and at Kanoya, Osumi,

September, 1895.

Local distribution. Honpbo; KytsHu.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1389, 1724.

305.

Acidalia indeterminata.

Ptychopoda indeterminata, Warren, Nov. Zool., viii, p. 25,

(1901).

One female specimen from Jid4-San, Higo, taken in

May, 1895.

Local distribution. Kytsut (Wileman); Honpo,

Oiwake (Pryer).

General distribution. Inpia (Simla, type); W. and

CENTRAL CHINA; TIBET; COREA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 726.

336 Mr. A. E. WitMan on New and Unrecorded Species

306.

Acidalia holoserieata.

Acidalia holosericata, Dup., Lép. France, suppl., iv, p. 109,

pl. lix, fig. 7; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii,

p. 440 (1895).

A series of four males and ten females taken at Kosa-

dake, Karimata-dake, Jida-San, and Mifune, in province

of Higo, May and June, 1893, 1895; also at Yoshino,

Yamato, in May, June, July, and September, 1895, 1900

and 1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; Kytsuu; May to Sep-

tember.

General distribution. Europe; N.W. HIMALAYAS;

SIKHIM; JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 724, 727, 728, 729.

Sub-family GHOMETRINAE.

Genus ULIOCNEMIS.

Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 355.

307.

Uliocnemis nugromacularia.

Euchloris nigromacularia, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat.

Hist. (6), xx, p. 237 (August, 1897).

Uliocnemis delicatior, Warr., Nov. Zool. iv, p. 391

(December, 1897).

Leech described this species in August, 1897, from two

females taken at Chow-pin-sa, Western China, and Yoko-

hama (?); and it was redescribed by Warren in December

of the same year under the name of delicatior. Although

already described from Japan by Leech, I include it in

view of the addition to its synonymy. I have a long

series of twenty-nine males and nine females taken at

Yoshino, Yamato, in June, July, August, September and

October, 1899, 1900, 1901, and also one female specimen

from Nikko, July, 1894.

Expanse of series, from 22 mm. @, to 35 mm. 9.

The males vary greatly in size.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 337

Warren states that amoenaria, Oberth., is closely allied

to this species, but has only two reddish spots.

Local distribution. Honpbo; June to October.

General distribution. WESTERN CHINA; JAPAN,

Collection number, 766.

Genus HEMITHEA.

Duponchel, Lép. France, iv, 2, p. 233 (1829); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, in, p. 490 (1895).

308.

Hemithea eluta, sp. 0.

¢. Head whitish, wings pale green. Forewings have two whitish

transverse lines, the antemedial is slightly wavy and turned inwards

on the costa, the postmedial is almost parallel with the outer margin ;

the transverse lines are continued on the hindwings, but the outer

one is angled before the middle and again beyond the middle.

Fringes and underside whitish, the latter tinged with green.

Near Hemithea marina, Butler.

Expanse 18 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, August, 1900. A

series of seventeen males and ten females taken at

Yoshino, Yamato, June, July, August and September,

1895, 1899, 1900; at Kobe, July, 1901; Junsai Numa,

Oshima, July, 1896, and at Kakizako, Higo, June, 1895

Expanse of series, 18 mm. to 24 mm. JZ, 20 mm. to

23 mm. ?

Local distribution. Honpo; SHIKOKU; YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 797.

309.

Hemithea disjuncta.

Hemithea disjuncta, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxii, p. 595;

Moore, Lep. Ceyl., ii, pl. exevi, fig. 5; Hampson,

Fauna Brit, India, Moths, il, p. 492 (1895).

This species is recorded by Hampson from Japan ; there

are, however, no specimens from Japan in the National

Collection.

Unrecorded by Leech.

General distribution. SikKHIM; KuHAsis; GANJAM;

CaNnaRA; NILGIRIS; CEYLON; JAPAN.

338 Mr. A. E. Wagan on New and Unrecorded Species

310.

Hemithea alboundulata.

Memoria alboundulata, Hedem., Hor. ent. Ross., xiv,

p. 511, pl. in, fig. 8 (1879); Staud., Cat. Lep. pal.,

p. 265 (1901).

Two female specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

June, 1895, and August, 1900.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpbo; YOSHINO.

General distribution. EK. StpeR1A (Amurland); JAPAN.

Collection number, 790.

aL.

Hemithea vacua.

Hemithea vacua, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902,

p. 671.

Described from Japan by Swinhoe. One male specimen

taken at Oyama, Sagami, in June, 1896.

Local distribution. HOoNpo.

Habitat, JAPAN.

Collection number, 780.

Genus GEOMETRA.

Linn. Syst. Nat., 1, 2, p. 858 (1767); Hampson, Moths

India, iii, p. 495 (1895).

312.

Geometra vernaria.

Geometra vernaria, Hiibn., Beitr., i, 4,1, D., p. 6 (1789);

Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. i, p. 261 (1901).

Staudinger records this species from Japan with a

query as to whether it is a variety or a distinct species.

‘Unrecorded by Leech.

General distribution. HKuROPE; ASIA Minor; ALTAT;

W. TurKESTAN (Issyk-kul); E. SrpBerta (Amurland,

Ussuri) ; Int (var.); Japan (var.? or different species 2).

Genus MEGALOCHLORA.

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 95,

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 339

313.

Megalochlora mandarinaria,

Megalochlora mandarinaria, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat.

Hist. (6), xx, p. 235 (1897).

Three male and two female specimens; one received

from Mr. Andrews, Hakodate, the other four were taken

at Junsai Numa and Tobetsu, Oshima, in July, 1896,

1902, 1903, and at Tokyo in April, 1894. In these

examples there are traces of a whitish submarginal line

on all the wings.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; YEzo.

General distribution. WESTERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 757.

314,

Megalochlora dieckmanni.

Geometra dieckmanni, Graes., Berl. ent. Zeit, 1888, p. 384;

Staud., Iris, x, p. 5.

Megalochlora dieckmannt, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 261

(1901).

Staudinger records this species from Japan. Unre-

corded by Leech.

General distribution. HE. SIBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Genus EUCHLORIS.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 283 (1827); Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond., 1892, p. 94.

315.

Huchloris amoenaria.

Phorodesma amoenaria, Oberth., Etud, d’Ent., v, p. 48,

pl. ix, fig. 4 (1880).

Two male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

August and September, 1899, and 1900.

Near £. bajularia, Schiff.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan,

Local distribution. HOoNDo.

General distribution. EH. SIBERIA (Ussuri) ; JAPAN,

Collection number, 772.

340 Mr. A. E. Wgieman on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus NEMORIA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 285 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, i, 1895, p. 501.

316.

Nemoria plana, sp. n.

9. Light green, fringes whitish. Differs from N. viridata, L., in

being without transverse lines.

Expanse 24 mmn.

The costal area of forewings is broadly ochreous, but as

this colour extends further on one side than on the other

it is probably a stain resulting from contact with moisture.

Female type from Odai-San, Yamato, July, 1894.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 795.

Nemoria amphitritaria.

Nemoria amphitritaria, Oberth., Etud. d’Ent., v, p. 49,

play, tig. “Sk Stauds Tris, sop. 10; Pong 2h see.

Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., 1, p. 264 (1901). —

Staudinger records this species from Japan. Unre-

corded by Leech.

Five male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

May, August, September, and October, 1899, 1900.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. EK. SIBERIA (Ussuri); JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 790, 791, 791a.

318.

Nemoria gelida.

Nemoria gelida, Butl., Ill. Het. B. M, vu, p. 104,

pl. exxxvi, fig. 5 (1889) ; Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat.

Hist. (6), vol. XX, p. 240 (1897): Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, ili, p. 502 (1895).

One male specimen taken at Yoshino, Yamato in

August, 1900.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 341

Local distribution. Hondo.

General distribution. DALHOUSIE; KuLU; DHARMSALA;

WESTERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 793.

Genus GELASMA.

Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 352 ; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 507 (1895).

319.

Gelasma ambiqua.

Thalassodes ambigua, Butl., Ill. Het. B. M., ui, p. 49,

pl. xlvi, fig. 6 (1878); Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat.

Hist. (6), xx (1897).

Todis dentifascia, Warr., Nov. Zool., iv, p. 212 (1897).

Gelasma ambigua, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902,

p. 674.

Type, Japan, in B. M.

Type (dentifascia), Japan, in collection Rothschild.

Recorded by Leech from Japan and redescribed by

Warren. Warren remarks, “ Distinguished from both

obliterata, Walker, from China, and wnifascia, Hampson,

from India, by its green face and dentate outer line.”

Local distribution. Hondo, Oiwake (Pryer), Nagahama

(Leech).

General distribution. CHINA (Ningpo); COREA; JAPAN.

320.

Gelasma flagellaria.

Hemithea flagellaria, Pouj., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 310,

pl. vi, fig. 8 (1895).

Gelasma albistrigata, Warr., Nov. Zool., 11, p. 89 (1895).

Thalera flagellaria, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

xx, p. 244 (1897).

Gelasma flagellaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1902, p. 674.

Type, Moupin, in collection Poujade.

Type (albistrigata), Japan, in collection Rothschild.

Recorded from Japan by Warren, unrecorded by Leech,

who only gives China.

General distribution. CENTRAL and W.CHINA; JAPAN.

342 Mr. A. E. Yyeman on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus THALASSODES.

Guenée, Phal., 1, p. 8359 (1857); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, iii, p. 507 (1895).

BPA Bs

Thalassodes infracta, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 16.)

¢. Green. Antennae finely ciliated ; vertex of head white, frons

ochreous, anal segments of abdomen whitish. Forewings have the

costa ochreous marked with brown ; antemedial line white, wavy, but

only clearly defined towards the inner margin; postmedial line

white, sinuous, indistinct towards the costa, terminating on the

inner margin in a pink-tinged whitish patch which has some brown

scales on it before the outer angle; a whitish spot on the outer

margin at vein 4. Hindwings have a postmedial irregular white

line which limits the pink-tinged whitish outer marginal border

from the costa to vein 5, this border has some patches of brown

scales on it, and is interrupted by the ground-colour between veins 2

and 3. Fringes pinkish grey preceded by an interrupted black line.

Underside whitish tinged with green ; forewings have a purplish

brown discal dot and there is a spot of the same colour at the costal

angle of outer margin,

Expanse 32 mm.

Male type from Suma, near Kobe, August, 1901. Four

male specimens taken at Suma, Settsu and Yoshino,

Yamato, in August, 1900, 1901. Expanse of series 28 to

32 mm.

Local distribution. HONpDo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 767.

322.

Thalassodes marinaria.

Thalassodes marinaria, Guen., Phal., i, p. 361 (1857) ;

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ii, p. 508 (1895).

Geometra dicissa, Wlk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxii, p. 517.

Geometra penicillata, Wik., Cat. Lep. Het., xxu, p. 525.

One male and one female specimen taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, and Kagoshima, Satsuma, in August and Sep-

tember, 1901 and 1898.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpbo; Kytsut.

General distribution. MOULMEIN; BoMBAY; JAPAN.

Collection number, 774.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 343

323.

Thalassodes grandificaria.

Thalera grandificaria, Graes., Berl. ent. Zeit. p. 266

(1889); Staud., Iris., x, p. 2, pl. i, fig. 3; ? dliturata,

Walk. (nom. vet. sec. Hampson), Staud., Cat. Lep.

pal., p. 264 (1901).

Ten male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in June

and July, 1895, 1900.

Recorded by Staudinger from Japan, unrecorded by

Leech.

Four specimens in the National Collection from Japan

and one from Corea.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. CoREA; N. CHINA; JAPAN.

Genus THALERA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 285 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, ui, p. 514 (1895).

324,

Thalera ingrata, sp. n.

¢d. Head white, wings pale green. Forewings have a whitish,

outwardly oblique, antemedial line, and a whitish submarginal line,

the latter is outwardly oblique, undulated, and terminates at the

outer angle ; all the wings have a dusky but inconspicuous discal

dot. Underside whitish tinged with green.

Expanse 32 mm.

Male type from Nikko, August, 1893.

Local distribution. HoNpbo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 794.

Genus DITHECODES.

Warren, Nov. Zool., vii, p. 102 (1900).

aoae

Dithecodes erasa.

Dithecodes erasa, Warren, Nov. Zool., vii, p. 102 (1900).

Described by Warren from Japan.

Type 2 in Tring Museum.

Habitat. JAPAN.

344 Mr, A. EY ileman on New and Unrecorded Spevies

Genus AGRAPTOCHLORA.

326.

Agraptochlora marginata.

Agraptochlora marginata, Warren, Nov. Zool. i, p. 390

(1894); Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, p. 677

Type in collection Rothschild, from Tiapang.

Swinhoe, in a list of species not included in the B. M.,

gives Japan as the locality for this species. Tiapang, how-

ever, 1s not a Japanese name, and Mr. Warren informs me

that the genus only occurs in South Africa.

Habitat. JAPAN (?).

Family SATURNIADAE.

Genus RHODINIA.

Rhodia, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, p. 578 (nom.

praeoc.).

Rhodinia, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 327 (1892).

327.

Rhodinia fugacx.

Rhodia fugax, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xx,

p. 480 (1877)5 (Hl Het Be Ma! plexi, ae a

(1878); Leech, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1888, p. 633 ;

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 268.

Saturnia diana, Oberth., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6), vi, pl. xlvii

(1886).

The dark form, diana, Oberth., has not been recorded

from Japan. I captured one male specimen of this form

at Kodbe, and bred another male from the larva at Tokyo

on November 1, 1894. It may not perhaps be generally

known that the larva of &. fugax emits a faint sound

like the creaking of the branch of a tree moving in the

wind. I have caught and bred typical fwgax, Butler, both

male and female, in October and November, 1893, at

Tokyo.

Local distribution. HONpo.

General distribution. HK. Srperia (Ussuri); JAPAN

Collection number, 6a.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 345

Family URANIADAE.

Genus PSEUDOMICRONIA.

Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii, p. 461 (1887); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 116 (1895).

328.

Pseudomicronia oppositata.

Micronia oppositata, Snell, Tidj. v. Ent., xxiv, p. 84 (1881).

Pseudomicronia coelata, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 257 (1887);

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iu, p. 116, fig. 61.

Three male specimens and one female taken at Kiire,

Satsuma, in July, 1895. These agree best with an example

from Java in the National Collection at South Kensington.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Kytsuat.

General distribution. SrkHIm; Kudsis; NILGIRIS;

CEYLON; BoRNEO; JAVA; CERAM; JAPAN.

Collection number, 356.

Genus PSYCHOSTROPHIA.

Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xx, p. 401 (1877).

329.

Psychostrophia melanargia.

Ab. albomaculata, ab. nov. (Plate XXXI, fig. 1.)

Psychostrophia melanargia, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat,

Hist. (4), xx, p. 401 (1877); Ill. Het. B. M., ii, p. 9,

pl. xxii, fig. 7 (1878); Leech, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,

1888, p. 612; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xix,

p. 189 (1897).

Ab. albomaculata differs from the type of melanargia in

having all maculation and the bands of the fore- and

hindwings of a pure white instead of yellow. One male

and three female specimens taken at Hiko-San, Buzen, in

June, 1893. I have not met with this variety anywhere

else in Japan. Hiko-San is a mountain about 3000 ft.

346 Mr. A. E. Mileman on New and Unrecorded Species

above sea-level, and the specimens referred to were taken

at an elevation of about 2000 ft.

Type from Hiko-San, Buzen, June, 1893.

Expanse 38 to 48 mm.

Local distribution. Kytsut.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 366.

Genus DIRADES.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxxv, p. 1650 (1866) ; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iii, p. 132 (1895).

330.

Dirades prunaria.

Dirades prunaria, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii, p. 400 (1884-87);

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iui, p. 134 (1895).

One female specimen taken at Miyazaki, Hytga, in ©

September, 1895. |

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KyYuUsut.

General distribution. CEYLON; JAPAN.

Collection number, 367.

Family PSYCHIDAE.

Sub-family PS YCHINAE.

Genus AMATISSA.

Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., vi, p. 138 (1862); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 292 (1892).

ook

Amatissa consorta.

Amatissa consorta, Templ., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., v, p. 40,

pl. v, figs. 6, 7 (larva case), (1847); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 292 (1892).

Amatissa inornata, Wik., Journ. Linn. Soc, vi, p. 188

(1862).

Three male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, May

and June, 1900 and 1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 347

Local distribution. Honpbo.

General distribution. CEYLON (Colombo); BORNEO;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 143.

Genus EURYCYTTARUS.

Lurukuttarus, Hampson, Ill. Het. B. M., vin, p. 66 (1891).

Eurycyttarus, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i,

p- 299 (1892).

32.

Lurycyttarus andrewst, sp. n.

d. Black with brownish grey hair-like scales, and these are

longer and denser on the basal area. Somewhat similar to E. pileata,

Hampson, but the wings are rounder,

Male type from Hakodate, Yezo, in the National Col-

lection. One male specimen received from Mr. Andrews,

Hakodate.

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Sub-family OECETICINAE.

Genus OIKETICOIDES.

Orketicoides, Heyl., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1881, p. 66.

Oeceticoides, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 293

(1892).

333.

Occetrcoides nigraplaga, sp. 0.

Closely allied to Oe. bipars, Walk., but the venation shows up more

distinct, and the black marking occupies more of the basal area of

the hindwings, and less of the forewings.

Expanse 19-28 mm.

Four specimens in the National Collection at South

Kensington, two of which are from Japan; the other two

are labelled Cherra and Sikhim respectively.

Local distribution. Honpo? (Pryer).

General distribution. CHINA; SIKHIM; JAPAN.

348 Mr. A. E. oo on New and Unrecorded Species

Family COSSIDAE.

Genus Cossus.

Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iii, pt. ii, p. 3 (1794); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 305 (1892).

334.

Cossus ligniperda.

Cossus ligniperda, Fabr.; Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1898, p. 353.

A female taken in June, 1895, at Yoshino, Yamato.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. KUROPE; AMURLAND; COREA;

? NORTH CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 145.

Family LIMACODIDAE.

Genus NATADA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., v, p. 1108 (1855); Hampson

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 380 (1892).

335.

Natada conjuncta.

Limacodes (?) conjuncta, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., v, p. 1150

(1855).

Natada neutra, Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890,

p. 195.

Plossa fimbriares, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xv, p. 1673.

Miresa cuprea, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 74, pl. iui, fig. 8.

Heterogenea conjuncta, Fixs., Rom. sur Lép., ii, p. 338,

pl. xv, fig. 9 (1887).

Natada conjuncta, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i,

p. 381 (1892); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1899,

p. 103.

One male specimen taken at Nikko in August, 1893.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honnpo.

General distribution. NORTH CHINA; FoRMOSA; SIKHIM;

Rancoon; E. PEGU; JAPAN.

Collection number, 184.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 349

Genus MICROLEON.

Butler, Cist. Ent., 11, p. 121 (1885).

3306,

Microleon (2) rubicundula, sp. n. (Plate XXX, fig. 14.)

¢. Head and thorax dark reddish brown, abdomen fuscous grey.

Forewings reddish brown, a black mark at the base, and another at

the outer extremity of the cell; antemedial line black, sinuous ;

postmedial line black, wavy, angulated below the costa, submarginal

line black, wavy but indistinct ; fringes preceded by a series of black

dots on the venation. Hindwings whitish brown suffused with

pinkish. Underside of forewings pinkish becoming whitish on the

inner marginal area, a dusky discal mark; hindwings whitish

suffused with pinkish on the costa and the outer margin.

Expanse 30 mm.

Male type from Kiuire, Satsuma, July, 1895.

A series of six male and two female specimens taken in

the following localities in July, August, September and

October, 1895, 1899, 1901: Kuire, Satsuma; Yoshino,

Yamato; Karuizawa, Shinano.

Local distribution. Kytsat; Honpo.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1087.

Genus HETEROGENEA.

Knoch, Beitr. Ins., iii, p. 60 (1798).

337.

Heterogenea dentatus.

LInmacodes dentatus, Oberth., Diagn., p. 8; Etud. d’Ent., v,

p. 42, pl. i, fig. 10 (1880).

Apoda dentatus, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., i, p. 552 (1892).

Heterogenea dentatus, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 298

(1892); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1899, p. 108.

A series of ten male specimens and one female taken

at Yoshino, Yamato, in June, July, August and October,

1899, and at Nikko, in August, 1893.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HOonpo.

General distribution. E. SIBERIA (Ussuri); CoREA ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 190.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.) AA

350 Mr. A. E. Wojpman on New and Unrecorded Species

338.

Heterogenea asella.

Bombyx asella, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 65 (1776).

A female specimen taken at Junsai Numa, Oshima,

Yezo.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. EUROPE, ARMENIA; E. SIBERIA

(Ussuri); JAPAN.

Genus EprpoMPonlia. }

Dyar, New York Journ. Ent. Soc., 1906, p. 14.

339.

Epipomponia nawar.

Epipyrops nawai, Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, p. 19

(1904).

Described by Dyar from Japan.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Family ZYGAENIDAE.

Sub-family CHALCOSIANAE.

Genus HETERUSIA.

Eterusia, Hope, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., xvii, p. 445

(1841).

Heterusia, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 1, p. 259

(1892).

340.

Heterusia aedea.

Papilio aedea, Clerck, Icon., pl. iv, fig. 2 (1759).

Heterusia aedea, Leech, ‘Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898,

p. 342; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 262

(1892).

Two males and one female taken in the following

localities: Takaoka and Gokanosho, Hytiga, Kyishi,

in September and October, 1895; Takakuma-yama,

Osumi, Kyashi, in September, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 351

Local distribution. KyYUsHt.

General distribution. SYLHET; CENTRAL and WESTERN

CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 138.

Genus ERASMIA.

Hope, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., xvii, p. 446 (1841);

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 1, p. 273 (1892).

341,

Hrasnua sangara.

Erasmia sangaica, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4),

xx, p. 86 (1877); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1898, p. 346.

Probably a dark form of Z. pulchella, Hope.

Five males and two females taken in the following

localities: Kagoshima, Satsuma, July, 1895; Takanabe,

Hyuga, October, 1895; Hash, Ise, October, 1894.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KytsuHt; Honpo.

General distribution, CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 139.

Family DREPANIDAE.

Genus DREPANA.

Schrank, Faun. Boica, ii, 2, p. 155 (1802); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 305 (1892).

342,

Drepana harpagula.

Bombyx harpagula, Esp., iii, pl. xxiii, figs. 1, 2 (1786).

Bombyx sicula, Hiibn. (Bomb.), fig. 41 (1797).

A female specimen from Nikko taken in July, 1893.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honno.

General distribution. Kurope; E. Srperia (Amur-

land); JAPAN.

Collection number, 167.

AA 2

352 Mr. A. KE. Wikggge on on New and Unrecorded Species ~

Genus MIMOZETHES.

Warren, Nov. Zool., viii, p. 190 (1901).

343.

Mimozethes argentilinearra.

Decetia argentilinearia, Leech, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6), xix, p. 183 (1897).

Euchera (?) nana, Warr., 1. ¢., iv, p. 15 (1897).

Mimozxthes nana, Warr., /. c., vill, p. 191.

Mimozethes argentilinearia, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1902, p. 586.

Type. Japan in B. M. (Hakodate, Leech).

Type (nana), Japan, in collection Rothschild.

Recorded by Leech from Japan as Decetia argentili-

nearia, and placed by him in Family Lpiplemidae.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. JAPAN.

Family THYRIDIDAE.

Genus STRIGLINA.

Guenée, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1877, p. 283; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, i, p. 353 (1892).

344,

Strigilina decussata.

Striglina decussata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1888,

p. 27, pl. vi, fig. 8; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, 1, p. 354 (1892).

Striglina duplieifimbria, Warr., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6), xvii, p. 227.

Twelve male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

July, August and September, 1899 and 1900: at Ishid-

zuchi-San, Iyo, in June, 1896; at Takio and ITida-San,

Higo, in May, 1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; Sarkoku; Kytsnv,

General distribution. InpiA (Sikhim, Assam, Nagas) ;

EK. PEGU; BORNEO; JAPAN.

Collection number, 174].

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 358

Genus RHODONEURA.

Guenée, Phal., ii, pl. i, fig. 8 (1857).

345.

Rhodoneura aurea.

Pyrinigides aurea, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,

p. 200; Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 376.

Camptechilus divergens, Warren, Nov. Zool., v, p. 222

(1898).

Recerded by Leech from Japan as Pyrinioides aurea,

included on account of emendation in synonymy.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA;

JAPAN.

Family PYRALIDAE.

Sub-family CRAMBINAE.

« Genus CRAMBUS.

Fabricius, Ent. Syst., suppl., p. 464 (1798); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 12 (1896).

346.

Crambus virgatellus, sp. n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 19.)

¢. Forewings silvery white with a brownish medial longitudinal

streak which becomes diffuse towards the outer margin; a sub-

marginal series of black dots and a brownish line precede the silvery

fringes. Hindwings pale fuscous, fringes silvery white. Underside

of forewings fuscous and of hindwings whitish tinged with fuscous,

Expanse 22 mm. .

Male type from Ibaraki, April, 1899.

Two male specimens taken at Ibaraki and Kobe,

Settsu, in April, 1899.

Allied to C. nivellus, Koll.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1430.

347.

Crambus bivitiellus, sp. n.

¢. Forewings pale ochreous brown with a silvery median streak

from base extending to the outer margin where it becomes diffuse,

354 Mr. A. E. Wiggnan on New and Unrecorded Species

Sparingly powdered with blackish ‘scales above and below ; a nar-

rower silvery streak on the costa from the base tothe outer margin ;

fringes of the ground-colour mixed with silvery. Hindwings silky

white faintly tinged with pale fuscous on the subcostal area. Under-

side of forewings fuscous, and of hindwings whitish tinged with

fuscous on the costal area.

Expanse 29 mm.

Somewhat resembles C. simplex, Butl, from New

Zealand.

Male type from Yezo (Andrews).

Local distribution. YZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1442.

348,

Crambus trifidalis, sp. n.

¢. Forewings brown with whitish costal and medial longitudinal

streaks ; the first is continued through to the outer margin, and the

second becomes trifid towards the outer margin ; fringes glossy and

paler than the ground-colour, preceded by a black line. Hindwings

whitish diffused with fuscous, except on the fringes.

Expanse 26 mm.

Allied to C. trastellus, Fab.

Male type from Japan (no locality label). Two male

specimens received from Mr. Andrews, Hakodate.

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1445.

Genus CHILO.

Zincken, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 11, p. 33 (1817); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 26 (1896).

349.

Chilo gensanellus.

Chilo gensanellus, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 108, pl. v, fig. 9

(1899); Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 398.

Leech refers to specimens of this species from Hako-

date in the “Entomologist” (supra), but does not give

Bere

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 355

Japan as a locality in his “Catalogue of Heterocera from

China, Japan and Corea.”

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. COREA; JAPAN (?).

Sub-family SCHOHNOBIINAE.

Genus LEECHIA.

South, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 400.

350.

Leechia sinuosalis,

Leechia sinuosalis, South, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901,

p. 400, pl. xiv, fig. 15.

A female specimen taken at Yoshino, Yamato, July,

1900.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1428.

Genus SCHOENOBIUS.

Duponchel, Cat. Lép. Eur., p. 312 (1844); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 47 (1896).

351.

Schoenobius costalis, Moore.

var. parvalis, nov.

6. White silky forewings, faintly tinged with fuscous, edge of

costa darker. Underside as above, but the forewings are more

deeply tinged with fuscous.

Expanse of type 22 mm.

Expanse of series, 18 mm, to 25 mm. ¢, 25 mm. to29mm. ?.

Male type from Yokohama, August, 1898.

Appears to be referable to S. costalis, Moore, but it is

smaller in size and the palpi are whitish. A series of six

male and five female specimens taken at Yokohama in

August, 1898, and Tokyo, in September, 1893. The

forewings of the female are whiter than those of the male,

and show only very slight traces of fuscous tinge. The

356 Mr, A. E. Wilgman on New and Unrecorded Species

underside is immaculate and not tinged with fuscous as

in the male.

Local distribution. Honpbo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1462.

352.

Schoenobius bipunctifera.

Tripanaea bipunctifera, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxviii, p. 523

(1863).

Schoenobius bipunctifera, Moore, Lep. Ceyl.. i, p. 385,

pl. elxxxiv, fig. 138 (1886); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, iv, p. 48 (1896); Leech, Trans. Ent.

Soe. Lond., 1901, p. 403.

Three female specimens taken at Takakuma-yama,

Osumi, in September, 1895, and at Tida-San, Higo, in

May, 1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KytUsuHu.

General distribution. CHINA; Formosa; throughout

INDIA, CEYLON and BURMA; SUMATRA; JAVA; PORNEO;

WESTERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1467.

Sub-family ANERASTIANAE.

Genus HYPSOTROPHA.

Zeller, Isis, 1848, p. 591; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, iv, p. 54 (1896).

353.

Hypsotropha bipunctella, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax whitish faintly tinged with brown. Fore-

wings whitish ochreous, slightly tinged with pink and finely freckled

with blackish ; two black dots in the cell, one about the middle and

the other at outer extremity, five black dots on outer margin.

Hindwings whitish. Under surface similar to the upperside.

Expanse 26 mm.

Female type from Yoshino, Yamato, July, 1900.

Allied to H. solipunetella, Rag.

A series of nine female specimens taken at Yoshino

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 357

Yamato, and Komatsu, Iyo, in July and August, 1896,

1899, 1900.

Expanse of series 22 mm. to 26 mm.

Local distribution. Hondo; SHIKOKU.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1430 and 1431.

Genus POLYOCHA.

Zeller, Isis, 1848, p. 876 (1896); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, iv, p. 61 (1896).

34,

Polyocha bifidella, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 22.)

¢. Head and thorax pale brown mixed with darker, abdomen

greyish, Forewings pale brown, costa with a whitish streak tapering

towards the apex and inwardly edged with dark brown; a dark

brown streak is given off from the edging of the costal streak and

runs under the cell; submarginal line indicated by some obscure

blackish dots. Hindwings fuscous. Underside shining dark fuscous,

paler on the inner margins.

Expanse 27 mm. to 34 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, July, 1900.

This species seems to be most nearly allied to P. diver-

sella, Rag.

Three male specimens: one taken at Yoshino, Yamato,

July, 1900; one received from Mr. Andrews, Hakodate,

and one taken at Kiire, Satsuma, July, 1895.

Local distribution. Hondo; YEzo; Kytsnv.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1573.

355.

Polyocha (?) venosella, sp, un.

6. Forewings pale pinkish brown, the veins darker and with

brownish streaks between them, Hindwings pale fuscous becoming

darker on apical portion of outer margin. Underside fuscous, inner

marginal area of hindwings paler.

Expanse 28 mm.

358 Mr. A. E. Watman on New and Unrecorded Species

Male type received from Mr. Andrews, Hakodate, Yezo,

and another male specimen taken at Tokyo in March, 1893.

Local distribution. YrEZO; Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1585.

Genus EMMALOCERA.

Ragonot, Nouv. Gen., p. 38 (1888).

356.

Emmalocera leucocinctus.

Crambus (2) lewcocinctus, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii,

p. 169 (1868).

Polyocha leucocincta, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

iv, p. 62 (1896).

Emmalocera lucidicostella, Rag., Nouv. Gen., p. 38 (1888) ;

id., Mon. Phyce., pl. xxxv, fig. 20 (1894).

Two male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

June and September, 1900.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. N.W. HIMALAYAS; PUNJAB;

ASSAM; BORNEO; JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 15538, 15538a.

Sub-family PHVYCITIN AL.

Genus NEPHOPTERYX.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 370 (1827); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, iv, p. 76 (1896).

357.

Nephopteryx trigonalis, sp. n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 21.)

¢. Forewings brownish grey with a pinkish tinge, medial two-

fourths of costa whitish ; antemedial line pale, curved, preceded by

a blackish cloud on the inner marginal area, and followed by a tri-

angular black spot on the costa, the apex of the latter only separated

from the cloud by the transverse line ; postmedial line pale, edged

with blackish, slightly wavy, indented below costa and above

inner margin ; two black dots encircled with whitish at outer end of

the cell. Hindwings and underside of all the wings fuscous.

Expanse 22-24 mm.

Ade

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. . 359

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, July, Dee. Cotype

from same locality, August, 1899.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1556 and 1558.

358.

Nephopteryx pauperculella, South, ined. sp. n.

9. Forewings grey suffused with darker and tinged with rufous ;

antemedial line black, edged internally with white, almost straight ;

postmedial line black, outwardly edged with white, slightly sinuous ;

a double black dot at end of the cell; fringes grey, darker at their

base. Hindwings pale fuscous. Under surface fuscous grey.

Expanse 22 mm. :

One female specimen, taken by a native collector at

Nikko, in Mus. Coll. (the type); and an example of the

same sex, in my collection, from Yoshino, Yamato, June,

1900.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1561.

359.

Nephopteryx bitinctella, sp. un.

g. Forewings brownish, the inner marginal area paler; the

median nervure is marked with blackish, and there are some

blackish dots at the outer end of the cell; traces of a blackish, wavy,

submarginal line. Hindwings and underside of all the wings pale

fuscous.

Expanse 21 mm.

Male type from Ibusuki, province of Satsuma, Kyitshi,

taken in August, 1895.

Allied to WV. (Olagochroa) ocelliferella, Rag.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1559.

360.

Nephopteryx intercisella, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax greyish brown, abdomen fuscous grey.

Forewings greyish brown, except medial area, which is whitish

360 Mr. A. E. Ygleman on New and Unrecorded Species

grey ; antemedial line black, double, slightly excurved, preceded by

a castaneous patch extending from median nervure to the inner

margin ; a small patch of dark greyish scales below vein 2, and a

castaneous lunular mark at outer end of the cell ; postmedial line

brownish, outwardly oblique and dentate, not clearly defined; sub-

marginal line whitish grey, excurved beyond the cell ; fringes grey,

traversed at their base by a’pale line and preceded by a series of

black dots. Hindwings semi-hyaline, venation and fringes dark

grey, the latter traversed at their base by a pale line and preceded

by a diffuse blackish line. Underside of forewings dark fuscous,

hindwings tinged with fuscous.

Expanse 30 mm.

Male type from Yoshino.

One male and four female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in July, 1899.

Local distribution. HoNpDo.

Habitat. JAPAN. :

Collection number, 1565.

361.

Nephopteryx (?) mancella, sp. n.

¢. Forewings dull brownish with a whitish, oblique fascia before

the middle, traces of two blackish dots at end of the cell, and an

obscure whitish submarvinal line, the latter indented below the

costa. Hindwings and underside fuscous. Fringes of all the wings

brownish grey.

Expanse 20 mm.

Allied to N. rhyparella, Rag.

One male specimen (without head) from Yamato,

captured in June, 1900.

Local distribution. HONDO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1582.

362.

Nephopteryx (Salebria) morosalis.

Nephopterya morosalis, Saalm., Ber. Senck. Nat. Ges.,

1879-80, p. 307; Rag, Mon. Phyc., p. 370, pl. xii,

fig. 8 (1894); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

iv, p. 82 (1896). |

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 361

Three male specimens and one female taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in May, June and September, 1896, 1899, 1900.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honno.

General distribution. W.and 8. AFRICA ; MADAGASCAR ;

KE. SIBERIA (Amurland); N.W. HimaLayas; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1581.

363.

Nephopteryx (Salebria) adelphella.

Phyeis adelphella, F. R., p. 50, pl. xxix, fig. 2 (1836) ; Rag.,

Mon. Phye., 1, p. 356 (1894),

Salebria adelphella, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., ii, p. 33 (1901).

Staudinger records this species from Japan.

General distribution. EUROPE; JAPAN.

Genus EPICROCIS.

Zeller, Isis, 1848, p. 878; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, iv, p. 85 (1896).

364.

Epicrocis hilarella.

Epicrocis hilarella, Rag., Nouv. Phycit., p. 22 (1888);-

Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 438, pl. xu, fig. 7 (1893);

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 87 (1896);

Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 409.

Four male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in May

and June, 1899, 1900, 1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo. ;

General distribution. CHINA; MURREE; SIMLA; CEY-

LON ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1583.

Genus DIoRYCTRIA.

Zeller, Isis, 1846, p. 732.

365.

Dioryctria splendidella.

Nephopteryx splendidella, Herr-Schatff., iv, p. 79 (1849), and

v, pl. vu, fig. 43 (1854); Rag. Ent. Month. Mag.,

Xxlv, p. 224; 2d., Mon. Phyc., p. 195.

362 Mr. A. E. ~~" on New and Unrecorded Species

Phalaena alietella, Dup., x, p. 287, pl. 181, fig. 40 (nec 4a),

(1836).

Dioryctria splendidella, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., u, p. 37

(1901).

Staudinger records this species from Japan.

General distribution. KUROPE; JAPAN.

Genus RHODOPHAEA.

Guenée, Eur. Microlep., Ind. Meth., p. 74 (1845); Hamp-

son, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 98 (1896).

366.

Rhodophaca rufilimbalis, sp. n.

d. Forewings greyish clouded with darker ; medial line whitish,

curved, preceded by a rufous patch ; submarginal line whitish, area

beyond rufous. Hindwings and underside of all the wings dark

fuscous. '

Expanse 16 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1900.

Local distribution. Wonpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1580.

367.

Rhodophaea incertella, South, ined., sp. n.

9. Primaries brownish grey, inclining to reddish brown between

the transverse lines ; subbasal line blackish, inwardly edged with

white, almost straight ; antemedial line blackish, inwardly edged with

white, sinuous and slightly oblique, followed by a dark brown band ;

submarginal line pale, sinuous, very indistinct ; a white linear mark

at end of cell. Secondaries pale fuscous. Fringes grey, becoming

almost. white towards the tips. Under surface fuscous.

Expanse 21 mm.

There is one specimen of this species undescribed in the

National Collection, named incertella by Mr. South, and I

have therefore described it.

Local distribution. KYUsHu.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Genus ACROBASIS.

Zeller, Isis, 1848, p. 606; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, iv, p. 98 (1896).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 363

368.

Acrobasis ferruginella, sp. n.

¢. Forewings ferruginous with a whitish space on the costal area

and a whitish, oblique, antemedial line ; submarginal line whitish

suffused with ferruginous. Hindwings pale fuscous. Fringes agree

in colour with the wings and have a darker line at ‘their base.

Under surface: forewings fuscous, brownish on outer area and

whitish along the inner margin; hindwings pale fuscous.

Expanse, 19 mm ¢, 22mm. ?

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, May, 1900.

A series of eight male specimens and one female taken

at Yoshino, Yamato, in May, June, July and August, 1899,

1900, 1901. In the female specimen the markings are

brighter and more conspicuous than in the males.

Seems to be most nearly allied to A. encaustella, Rag.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1569.

Genus CRYPTOBLABES.

Zeller, Isis, p. 644 (1848) ; Han Da Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, iv. p. 104 (1896).

369.

Cryptoblabes taenralis, sp. n.

dg. Head and collar ferruginous, thorax deep fuscous mixed with

ferruginous, abdomen pale fuscous grey. Forewings deep fuscous

grey, ferruginous at extreme base; ante- and postmedial lines

ferruginous, the former slightly angled at middle and widening on

the inner margin, the latter slightly curved ; the space between the

lines is darker. Hindwings pale fuscous grey. Fringes grey, paler

at their base and preceded by a blackish line. Underside dark

fuscous, rather silky.

Expanse 17 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1900.

Seven male and one female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, 1899, 1900, 1901.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1578 and 1579.

364 Mr. A. i. a on New and Unrecorded Species

370.

Cryptoblabes lowiella.

Cryptoblabes lomella, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1887, p. 226 ;

Mon. Phye., i, p. 14, pl. v, fig. 4; Staud., Cat. Lep.

pal., 1, p. 42, No. 795, 1901.

Cryptoblabes rutilella, Herr-Sch., 74 (75 ?), iv, p. 101.

Staudinger records this species from Japan ; unrecorded

by Leech.

General distribution. Europe; E. SIBERIA (Ussuri) ;

JAPAN.

Sub-family HPIPASCHIANAE. -

Genus MACALLA.

Walker, xvi, p. 155 (1858); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, iv, p. 112 (1896).

371.

Macalla bilineata, sp. n.

¢. Forewings brown with a reddish tinge, powdered and clouded

with darker, especially on the outer marginal area; two black

transverse lines, the first slightly oblique, the second excurved

beyond the cell and outwardly edged by a serrated pale line ; a thin

blackish marginal line with black dots on it. Hindwings and under-

side fuscous, becoming darker on the outer margins. Fringes greyish,

darker towards their base.

Expanse 24 mm.

Allied to MZ. inimica, Butl.

Male type from Shioya, province of Settsu, July, 1901.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1476.

B12.

Macalla elegans.

Macalla elegans, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,

p. 581; Staud., Lep. Cat. pal., 11, p. 258 (1901).

A series of three male and ten female specimens taken

at Yoshino, Yamato, in June, July and August, 1899,

1900, and at Nikko in August, 1893.

Expanse, 30 mm. ~, 35 mm. 9.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 365

This species is described by Butler from Japan, but was

omitted from Leech’s “ Catalogue of Heterocera from China,

Corea and Japan.” Staudinger includes it in his Catalogue.

Local distribution. HOoNpo.

General distribution. E. SIBERIA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1475.

373.

Macalla scoparialis, sp. n.

$. Head and thorax pale grey, the latter with a faint olive tinge.

Forewings brownish on basal and outer marginal areas, the median

area pale grey with a faint olive tinge and a brownish discal cloud ;

antemedial line black, almost straight, not clearly defined towards

the costa ; postmedial line black, sinuous, with a strong outward pro-

jection about the middle, two black dots at the outer end of the cell

and a series of black points on the outer margin ; fringes grey, mixed

with brownish, preceded by a pale line. Hindwings whitish,

suffused with fuscous, broadly bordered with dark fuscous; fringes

grey, preceded by a whitish line. Under surface whitish, all the

wings have a dusky discal mark, dark fuscous postmedial line and

outer marginal border.

Expanse 30 mm.

Male type from Nikko, August, 1893.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1280.

Genus STERICTA.

Lederer, Wien. ent. Mon., vii, p. 340 (1863); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 120 (1896).

374.

Stericta olivalis, sp.n. (Plate XXXI. fig. 20.)

. Forewings pale olive green, powdered with black, and clouded

with brownish on the outer area ; a black dot on the costa near the

base, two black dots at outer extremity of the cell, and one below

the cell preceded by a short black dash; traces of black antemedial

represented by a black dot on the costa; postmedial line pale olive,

inwardly edged with black, curved beyond the cell ; a series of black

dots on the outer margin; fringes brownish, mixed with paler.

Hindwings pale fuscous, outer half darker and traversed by an

irregular line of the ground-colour ; fringes pale brown, chequered

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.) BB

366 Mr. A. KE. Wgjeman on New and Unrecorded Species

with darker. Underside pale brownish; forewings clouded with

dark fuscous on costal and outer marginal areas; some black dots on

the costa, a black dot at end of the cell and traces of a blackish

postmedial line ; hindwings have a black discal dot and a black

transverse line, the latter serrated and curved.

Expanse 31 mm,

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, August, 1900.

Local distribution. HONDO.

General distribution. SIKHIM; JAPAN.

In the National Collection at South Kensington there

are four specimens from Sikhim in the series of S. divitalis,

Guen., that seem to belong to this species.

Collection number, 1473.

Genus ORTHAGA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 191 (1858); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 124 (1896).

375.

Orthaga grisealis, sp. 0.

d. Pale grey variegated with darker grey and brownish. Fore-

wings, transverse lines obscure, the basal area within the antemedial

line suffused with brownish ; submarginal line of the ground colour,

the space between it and the postmedial line suffused with brownish, as

also is the area beyond the submarginal line ; a small tuft of black

scales at outer end of the cell, and a similar tuft below it, the latter

followed by a blackish streak extending to the submarginal line ;

fringes preceded by a series of black lunules. Hindwings fuscous.

Under surface fuscous, rather glossy ; the forewings have a dusky

submarginal line, and the hindwings have a dusky postmedial line.

Expanse 20 mm.

Male type from Yokohama, October, 1897.

Three male specimens and one female. One specimen

unlocalised, the others taken at Yoshino, Yamato, and

Yokohama, in July and October, 1897, 1898, 1899.

This species belongs to the Pannucha section of Orthaga,

in which the male has a glandular lobe on costa of the

forewings.

Local distribution. HoNnpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1483.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 367

376.

Orthaga ewadrusalis.

Orthaga evadrusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 191;

Moore, Lep. Cey]., iii, pl. clxxviii, figs. 2, 24; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv., p. 125.

Orthaga acontialis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 103.

Six male and four female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, July, August and September, 1899, and

at Kumayama, lyo, in August, 1896.

Expanse, 28 mm. ¢, 32 mm. ?

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honno; SHIKOKU.

General distribution. StkKHIM; CEYLON; BoRNEO;

JAVA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1478.

Sub-family ENDOTRICHINAE.

Genus ENDOTRICHA.

Zeller, Isis, 1847, p. 593; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, iv., p. 182 (1896).

377.

Endotricha icelusalis.

Pyralis icelusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 900 (1859).

Rhodaria flavofascialis, Brem., Ost.-Sib., p. 65, pl. vi,

fig. 1 (1864).

Pyralis rosealis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. xxxiv, p. 1236

(1865).

Endotricha ‘celusalis, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1901, p. 419.

A series of nine male and six female specimens taken in

the following localities: Yoshino, Yamato, May, June,

July and September, 1895, 1899, 1900; Hayakusa and

Tida-San, Higo, in May and June, 1895; Takanabe and

Miyazaki, Hyiiga, September, 1895; Yokohama, July,

1898; Higashi-no-Kawa, Iyo, July, 1896; Hakodate,

Yezo, July, 1902.

Recorded by Staudinger from Japan, unrecorded by

Leech. .

BB 2

368 Mr. A. E. \yeman on New and Unrecorded Species

Local distribution. Honpo; KytsHt; SHIKOKU;

YEZO.

General distribution. EASTERN and CENTRAL CHINA;

CorEA ; AMURLAND; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1487.

378.

Endotricha theonalis.

Pyralis theonalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 900

(1859) (2),

Pyralis (?) thermusalis, Walk., /. ¢., p. 912 (2).

Zama unicalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiv, p. 1257

(1865).

Endotricha theonalis, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901,

p. 417.

All the types of above were from Shanghai.

Three male specimens (¢heonalis) taken at Miyazaki,

Hyiga, in September, 1895; at Kagoshima and Kiire,

Satsuma, in July, 1895.

Four female specimens (¢hermusalis) taken at Takanabe,

Hyiaga, in September and October, 1895, and at Junsai

Numa, Oshima, in July, 1896.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KytsHt; Y«zo. |

General distribution. HASTERN CHINA; FoRMOSA; |

JAPAN. |

Collection numbers, 1489 and 1491.

379.

Endotricha albicilia.

Endotricha albicilia, Hampson, Ill. Het. B. M., vin, p.

130, pl. cliv, fig. 22: i¢., Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv,

p. 183 (1896).

One male specimen taken at Yokohama, July, 1898.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HONDO.

General distribution. StkHIM; NILGIRIS; CEYLON ;

JAPAN. .

Collection number, 1498.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 369

Sub-family PYRALINAE.

Genus PYRALIS.

Linn., Syst. Nat., xii, p. 881 (1767);. Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 149 (1896).

380.

Pyralis nanalis, sp. n.

¢. Reddish purple. Forewings have the costa finely edged with

black and marked with whitish, and a black dot at outer extremity

of the cell ; postmedial line blackish outwardly edged with ochreous,

angled below costa and terminating near the outer angle. Hind-

wings have traces of a blackish medial line which is curved and

sinuous. Underside similar to the upperside, but the hindwings are

paler.

Expanse 16 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, July, 1899.

One male and two female specimens taken at Kobe and

Shioya, Settsu and Yoshino, Yamato, in May, June and

July, 1899, 1901.

Local distribution.. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1506.

Genus HERCULIA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 807 (1859); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 159 (1896).

381.

Herculia wmbrosalis, sp. n.

¢d. Forewings purplish brown, sparingly dusted with black atoms

a black dot at end of the cell; ante- and postmedial lines black, each

originating in a yellowish spot on the costa, the postmedial only well

defined, and this is outwardly edged with yellowish. Hindwings

less purple than the forewings, postmedial line blackish and edged

with yellowish towards the inner margin. Fringes purplish, tipped

with dark grey and preceded by a black line. Underside purplish

suffused with black, all the wings have a black discal dot, and a

black postmedial line, the latter outwardly edged with yellow.

Expanse 22 mm.

370 Mr. A. E, Waygman on New and Unrecorded Species

Male type from Tokyo, taken in May, 1895.

Near H. igniflualis, Walk.

Local distribution. Honvpo.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1509a.

Genus ORYBINA.

Orbya, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 10 (1863)

(praeoc).

Orybina, Snellen, Tidj. Ent., 1894, p. 5.

382.

Orybina regalis.

Oryba regalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 71, pl. iv, fig. 9 (1889) ;

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 432.

A series of eight male and four female specimens taken

at Yoshino, Yamato, in June, July and August, 1899, 1900,

1901. The series is uniform in colour and markings.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. THOoNnpo.

General distribution. COREA; CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1525.

Sub-family HYDROCAMPINAE.

Genus NYMPHULA.

Schranck, Fauna Boica, ui, pt. 2, p. 162 (1802); Hamp-

son, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 191 (1896).

383.

Nymphula interruptalis.

Hydrocampa interruptalis, Pryer, Cist. Ent., ii, p. 233, pl. iv,

fig. 5 (1887); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901,

p. 432.

Hydrocampa nigrolinealis, Pryer, l.c., fig. 6.

Hydrocampa interruptalis, var, separatalis, Leech, Entom.,

xxii, p. 71, pl. iv, figs. 2, 13 (1889).

I have one female specimen of the nigrolinenlis=

separatulis form taken at Komatsu, lyo, June, 1896. Leech

recorded this variety from Corea and China, but does not

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 371

mention it from Japan. Of the typical form which has

already been recorded by Leech from Japan, I have taken

two male and nine female specimens in the following

localities: Yoshino, Yamato, June and July, 1899, 1900 ;

Tokyo, March and April, 1893; Suma, near Kobe, July and

August, 1901; Junsai Numa, Oshima, July, 1902.

Local distribution. Honpo; YEZO.

General distribution. CHINA; ASSURI; COREA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1530.

384.

Nymphula vittalis.

Oligostigma vittalis, Brem., Lep. Ost.- Sib., p. 66, pl. vi,

fig. 3 (1864).

Oligostigina ee is, Pryer, Cist. Ent., 11, p. 234, pl. iv,

fig. 8 (1877).

Nymphula vittalis, Leech, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901,

p. 432; Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., li, p. 49.

Three male and three female specimens taken at Imajo,

Higo, in May, 1895.

Local distribution. KyUsHu.

General distribution. AMURLAND; EASTERN and CEN-

TRAL CHINA; COREA; JAPAN.

Recorded by Staudinger from Japan, but not by Leech.

Collection number, 1532.

385.

Nymphula fluctwosalis,

Nymphula fluctuosalis, Zell., K. Vet.—Ak., Handl., 1852,

p:) 24.

Paraponyx linealis, Guen., Delt. et. Pyr., p. 271.

Oligostigma chiy ysippusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii,

p. 432.

Oligostigma obitalis, Walk., 7. c.

Paraponyx aptalis, Led. Wien., ent. Mon., 1863, pp. 452,

485.

Oligostigma curta, Butl., Ent. Mo. Mag., xv, p. 270.

? Paraponyx oryzalis, Wood-Mason, Rice pest of Burma,

Calcutta, 1885.

Nymphula fluctuosalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

iv, pp. 193, 194, fig. 115.

372 Mr. A. E. Wagan on New and Unrecorded Species

One male and five female specimens taken at Miyazaki

and Kiyotaki, Hytiga, in September, 1895, and at Kiire,

Satsuma, in July, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution, KyUsHuU.

General distribution. Throughout the tropical and sub-

tropical zones, on the north to Formosa, Japan and the

Sandwich Islands, on the south to Australia.

Collection number, 1538,

386.

Nymphula foedalis.

Tsopteryx foedalis, Guen., Delt. et Pyral., p. 228, pl. iv,

fig. 7 (1854).

Nymphula foedalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv,

p. 192 (1896); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901,

p. 433.

Three male specimens taken at Takanabe and Miyazaki,

Hyiga, in September and October, 1903.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KYUSHU.

General distribution. KITHIOPIAN, ORIENTAL and AUs-

TRALIAN REGIONS; EASTERN CHINA ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1543.

387.

Nymphula stagnata.

Nymphula stagnata, Don., Nat. Hist., xi, pl. ecclxii, fig. 3

(1806).

Two male specimens received from Mr. Andrews,

Hakodate. ,

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. Kurore; AStA MInor; ARMENIA ;

E. SIBERIA (Amur.); JAPAN.

Collection number, 1545.

Genus AULACODES.

Guenée, Delt. et Pyr., p. 258 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 212 (1896).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 373

388,

Aulacodes nawalis, sp. 0.

®. Forewings pale ochreous brown ; a short outwardly oblique

antemedial band from inner margin to the cell, a somewhat

triangular spot at end of the cell, a broad postmedial band, and a

narrow submarginal line; all these markings are silvery white

edged with dark brown, the postmedial band is contracted above

the middle. Hindwings have the basal three-fourths silvery white,

traversed by a broad dark brown line, and limited by a dark brown

line running parallel with the outer margin ; a broad silvery white

line from the anal angle to vein 3, and four black dots inwardly

edged with white beyond. Underside similar to the upperside but

paler.

Expanse 20 mm.

Female type received from Mr. Nawa, Gifu.

Seems to be most nearly allied to A. /aminalis, Hampson,

The type is minus the head.

Local distribution. Honpo,

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1535.

Genus PARTHENODES.

Guenée, Delt. et Pyr., p. 252 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 216 (1896).

389.

Parthenodes bifurcalis, sp. n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 23.)

6. Pale brown with white and dark brown markings. Fore-

wings have the basal area marked with white; antemedial line

dark brown, bifurcate below the cell, enclosing a triangular white

spot on the inner margin, the costal extremity of the line is

inwardly edged with white ; beyond the middle of the costa there

is a large white spot on which is placed a dark U-shaped mark ;

submarginal line white, outer margin golden brown. Hindwings

have the basal two-thirds white ; subbasal, ante- and postmedial

lines dark brown, the last outwardly edged with golden brown;

submarginal line and outer margin as on forewings. Underside

similar to the upperside but the ground-colour is much paler,

Expanse 18 mm.

Male type from Komatsu, Iyo, August, 1896.

374 Mr. A. E. Wifgpran on New and Unrecorded Species

A series of three male and seven female specimens

taken in August, 1896, at Ohoki, Himi, Komatsu, Ochiai,

Ofuki and Kumayama, all in the province of Iyo, Shikoku;

also at Omine-San, Yamato, July, 1894,

Expanse of series, 18 mm. 7%, to 20 mm. 9.

An example of this species from Japan was recently

sent to the British Museum for identification by the

Washington Museum.

Allied to P. prodigalis, Leech.

Local distribution. SHIKOKU; Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 15381.

390.

Parthenodes sutschana.

Parthenodes sutschana, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1900, p. 384; Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901,

p. 438.

One male and eight female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, August and September, 1899; at Kagoshima,

Satsuma, July, 1899; at Suma, near Kobe, Settsu, July,

1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; Kytsut.

General distribution. COREA; CENTRAL CHINA ; JAPAN,

Collection number, 1534.

Sub-family PYRAUSTINAE.

Genus AGROTERA.

Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. pt. 2, p. 163 (1798); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 266 (1896).

391.

Agrotera posticalis, sp. n.

‘$6. Head and thorax pale ochreous, the latter marked with

orange. Forewings purplish brown, basal third pale ochreous

marked with orange and limited by the black, curved, antemedial

line ; postmedial line black, slightly sinuous, bent inwards under

vein 2; a blackish dot in the cell and a blackish lunule at

outer end of the cell, there are traces of a subbasal line on the

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 375

costa ; fringes of the ground-colour marked with whitish below

apex and before the outer angle. Hindwings purplish brown, pale.

ochreous at the base; a black discal dot and a blackish postmedial

line, the latter bent inwards below vein 2; fringes marked with

whitish towards anal angle. Underside fuscous with a faint purplish

tinge, fringes marked as above.

Expanse 18 mm. Expanse of series, 15 mm. ¢, to18 mm. 9°.

Male type from Ohoki, province of Iyo, June, 1896.

Four male and four female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, July and August,1899; at Yokohama, May, 1898 ;

at Shioya, near Kobe, July, 1901; and at Miyazaki, Hyiga,

September, 1895.

Local distribution. Hondo; Kytsat; May to Sep-

tember.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1736.

Genus PAGYDA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xvu, p. 487 (1859); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 270 (1896).

392.

Pagyda ochrealis, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 17.)

¢. Bright ochreous. Forewings have three brown lines, ante-

medial and medial straight, the latter not reaching the costa,

postmedial inwardly oblique from the costa to vein 3 where it

terminates ; there are faint traces of a brownish submarginal line

parallel with the outer margin. Hindwings have two oblique

brown lines, the first rather obscure, and a brownish shade parallel

with the outer margin. Fringes of the ground-colour but paler

towards the tips and preceded by a brown line. Under surface

fuscous tinged with cinnamon brown, markings of upperside faintly

reproduced.

Expanse 24 mm.

Male type from Junsai Numa.

One male taken at Junsai Numa, in July, 1902, and

one female specimen at Yokohama, July, 1897.

Local distribution. YEZO; HOnpDo.

Hatitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1610,

376 Mr. A. E. Wileggan on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus MARASMIA.

Lederer, Wien. ent. Mon., 1863, p. 385; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 275 (1896).

393.

Marasmia venilialis.

Marasmia venilialis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 378

(1859).

Botys ruralis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 666.

Botys marisalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 717.

Marasmia cicatricosa, Led., Wien. ent. Mon., 1863, p. 386,

pl. xu, fig. 8.

Lasiacme mimica, Warr., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

RVI, scl ve

Marasmia venilialis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

iv, p. 276.

Two male specimens taken at Ibusuki, Satsuma, and

Sakurajima, Osumi, in July, 1895. These are referable to

the marisalis form.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KYUSHU.

General distribution. W. and 8. AFrica; throughout

InpIA, CEYLON and BurMa; BORNEO; AUSTRALIA;

SoLomon IsLANDS; Fist; JAPAN.

Collection numbers, 1728 and 17381.

394.

Marisnia limbalis, sp. n.

¢. Forewings purplish brown suffused with greyish ; ante- and

postmedial lines darker, the former slightly curved towards the

costa and broadly bordered inwardly with pale brownish, the latter

turned inward to lower angle of the cell, thence direct to the inner

margin, bordered outwardly with pale brownish. Hindwings have

the basal two-thirds pale brownish, outer third purplish brown

suffused with greyish; two darker transverse lines, the first from

discal lunule to anal angle and the second united with the purplish

brown border at the costa and below the middle. Underside shining

fuscous with traces of the transverse lines.

Expanse 16 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1895.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. By a

Local distribution. HOoNnpbo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1504.

Genus SYNGAMIA.

Guenée, Delt. et Pyr:, p. 187 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 279 (1896).

395.

Syngamia brevifascialis, sp. n.

¢. Pale purplish brown. Forewings have a white fascia extend-

ing from costa to vein 3 and traces of an undulated line thence to

inner margin, an obscure whitish dot on the costa beyond the fascia.

Hindwings have a medial spot and an undulated line from it to the

inner margin. Underside similar to the upper.

Expanse 18 mm.

Male type without head and otherwise in poor condition,

from Kosadake, Higo, June, 1895. _

Seems to be allied to S. falsidicalis, Walk.

Local distribution. KytsHu.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1551.

Genus PHRYGANODES.

Guenee, Delt. et Pyr., p. 353 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 300 (1896).

, 3896.

Phryganodes munitalis, sp. n. (Plate XXX, fig. 15.)

2. Purplish brown, wings with ochreous markings. Forewings

have a curved ochreous band extending from about middle of the

costa to vein 2; there is a small spot of the same colour below

extremity of the band and another below the costa at one-third

from the base ; from the latter point the costa is streaked with

ochreous almost to the apex but is interrupted by the ground-colour

just beyond the band; fringes ochreous. Hindwings have an

ochreous medial band which is slightly contracted before the middle

and is abruptly narrowed towards the abdominal margin ; fringes

378 Mr. A. E. Wijgpan on New and Unrecorded Species

ochreous. Underside similar to the upper but the colours are

duller.

Expanse 29 mm.

Female type from Shiokubi, Oshima, July, 1902.

Closely allied to P. glyphodalis, Walk.

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1662a.

Genus NACOLEIA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 934 (1859); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 312 (1896).

397.

Nacoleia pallidinotalis, sp. n.

Nacoleia pallidinotalis, Hampson, ined.

Three specimens in the National Collection, South

Kensington, the description of which has not yet been

published.

Male type from W. China.

Local distribution. Yrz0, Hakodate (Leech) ; KyUsHt,

province of Satsuma (Leech).

General distribution. COREA; CENTRAL and WESTERN

CHINA; JAPAN.

398.

Nacoleva catenalis, sp. 0.

dg. Forewings pale ochreous brown, outer margin bordered with

fuscous; antemedial line black, angled below the cell ; postmedial

line black, wavy, turned in under vein 3 and angled before reaching

the inner margin ; a black annulus in the cell and an incomplete

one at outer extremity of the cell, two curved black lines and a dot

on the costa before postmedial line. Hindwings pale fuscous, a

black dot in the cell and an annulus at end of the cell; post-

medial line black, indented opposite the cell and turned inwards for

a short distance along vein 2. Fringes whitish brown traversed by

a darker line and preceded by a black line. Underside similar to

the upperside.

Expanse 20 mm.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 3/9

Male type from Tarumidzu, Osumi, September, 1895.

Local distribution. Kytsut.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1725.

399.

Nacoleia maculalis.

Nacoleia maculalis, South, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901,

p. 462, pl. xiv, fig. 7.

One male specimen taken at Dorokawa, Yamato, in

June, 1895. This specimen is in bad condition and is

minus the right fore- and hindwings.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1503.

400.

Nacoleia lophophoralis, sp. n.

Nacoleia lophophoralis, Hampson, ined.

Two specimens in the National Collection, South

Kensington.

Local distribution. Wonpno, Fushiki (Leech), type 2.

General distribution. SINGAPORE; JAPAN.

401.

Nacoleia cyanealis,

Nicoleia cyanealis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 405.

Metasia zanclogramma, Meyer, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1894,

pus:

Nacoleia cyanealis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv,

p- 321 (1896).

Recorded by Hampson from Japan. Unrecorded by

Leech.

General distribution. INDIA (Kulu, Nilgiris); CEYLON ;

SHAN STATES; BorNEO; MALAY PENINSULA ; JAPAN.

380 Mr. A. E. Wajgman on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus SYLEPTA.

Hiibner, Verz. p. 356 (1872); Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, iv, p. 328 (1896).

402.

Sylepta ovialis.

Sylepta ovialis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 636;

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 340 (1896).

One male specimen taken at Nikko, July, 1894.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. HOoNno.

General distribution. W. AFRICA; ABYSSINIA; SIKHIM ;

KHASIS ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1634.

Genus CERATARCHA.

Swinhoe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xiv, p. 200

(1894); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 324

(1896).

403.

Ceratarcha wmbrosa.

Ceratarcha wmbrosa, Swinh., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

xiv. p. 200 (1894); Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, iv. p. 325 (1896).

One female specimen from Takanabe, province of

Hytga, September, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Kytsuu.

General distribution. InpD1A (Sikhim, Khasis, Nagas) ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1400.

Genus LYGROPIA.

Lederer, Wien. ent. Mon., p. 381, 1863; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 341 (1896).

404.

Lygropia euryclealis,

Botys euryclealis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 651

(1859).

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 381

Lygropia ewryclealis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths,

iv, p. 343 (1896); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.

(1901), p. 471.

A series of five male and four female specimens taken at

Yoshino, Yamato, June and August, 1895; Kuire, Sat-

suma, August, 1895; Sakura-jima, Osumi, July, 1895;

Fune-no-Yama, Higo, June, 1893; Takanabe, Hyiga,

October, 1895.

Leech (swpra) records one specimen of this species from

Ichang, in China, but does not record the capture of any’

specimens in Japan. Insumming up the distribution of the

species, however, he omits to mention China as a locality

but gives Kytshit, one of the Japanese islands. As he

seems to have received only one specimen which came

from Ichang his mention of Kyasht as a locality would

appear to be a mistake. There is no specimen from Japan

in the National Collection in which Leech’s collection has

been incorporated, but there is one specimen from Ichang,

China.

Local distribution. Hondo; Kytsuv.

General distribution. W. Arrica, R. Niger (one speci-

men, B. M.); S. INpDIA; StkHImM; MoULMEIN ; FLORES ;

Batti; CuHrNna (Ichang); JAPAN. .

Collection number, 1592.

Genus GLYPHODES.

Guenée, Delt. et Pyr., p. 292 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 345 (1896).

405.

Glyphodes albilunalis, sp. n. (Plate XX XI, fig. 12.)

¢. Forewings pale greyish brown, basal area white, traversed by

three dusky, transverse lines, limited by the dusky antemedial line ;

postmedial line white, slightly curved, preceded by a white band

which extends from the costa to vein 2, the lower end is slightly

tapered and the outer edge is indented above the middle; a white

curved mark on vein 2 between the end of band and the antemedial

line. Hindwings pale greyish brown with two white bands, the

- first interrupted at vein 2, and the second terminating at vein 3;

postmedial line white. Fringes whitish marked with greyish brown,

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.) CC

382 Mr. A. E. \Wgleman on New and Unrecorded Species

Underside similar to above, but the ground-colour is paler and the

markings suffused.

Expanse 26 mm.

Most nearly allied to G. pryert, Butl.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, June, 1895.

Another male and one female taken at Mifune and Tida-

San, Higo, in May and June, 1895.

Local distribution. Kystuu ; Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1687.

406.

Glyphodes glauculalis.

Glyphodes glauculalis, Guen., Delt. et Pyr., p. 8306; Moore,

Lep. Ceyl., iii, pl. elxxxi, figs. 2, 2a; Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 350.

Margaronia marthesiusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii,

p. 531.

Margarodes nereis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1887,

p. 271.

One male and one female specimen of the typical form

taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in August, 1900.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. SIKHIM; ASSAM; CALCUTTA;

BoMBAY PRESIDENCY; TRAVANCORE; CEYLON ; BURMA;

SUMATRA; BORNEO; JAVA; TERNATE; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1682.

407.

Glyphodes albifuscalis.

Glyphodes albifuscalis, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,

1898, p. 739, pl. 1, fig. 12.

Five male and five female specimens taken at Kiire,

Satsuma, in July, 1895; at Yoshino, Yamato, in August,

1899, and at Nikko, in August, 1893.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KytsHv.

General distribution. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA;

TIBET; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1683.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 383

Genus POLYTHLIPTA.

Lederer, Wien. ent. Mon., vii, p. 389 (1863) ; Hampson

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 364 (1896).

408.

Polythlipta liquidalis.

Polythlipta liquidalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 70, pl. iii,

fig. 8 (1889); Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 475.

Four male and five female specimens taken in the

following localities: Kimbd-San, Kosadake, Karimata,

Azami-Yama and Matsuo in Higo province ; Kagoshima,

Satsuma; Iyamura ; lyo ; Yoshino, Yamato; in May, June,

July, August and October, 1893, 1895 and 1900.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. KytsnHt; SHrkoKku; Honpo.

General distribution. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA;

CoREA ; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1676.

Genus THLIPTOCERAS.

Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1890, p. 274;

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 377 (1896).

409.

Thliptoceras octoguttale.

Thliptoceras octoguttale, Feld., Reis. Nov., pl. cxxxvy, fig. 38 ;

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 378

(1896).

Pyralis smaragdina, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4),

xvi, p. 411.

Two male specimens taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

August, 1899, and at Chiran, Satsuma,in August, 1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; Kytsut.

General distribution. NaTAL; SIKHIM; SIBsAGAR;

Nineiris; Cryton; Borneo; AmMBoyNA; AUSTRALIA ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1668.

eo?

384 Mr. A. E. Wademan on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus CIRCOBOTYS.

Butler, Il]. Het. B. M., iii, p. 77 (1879).

410.

Circobotys gensanalis.

Crocidophora (2) gensanalis, South, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

1901, p. 481, pl. xv, fig. 9.

Three male specimens and one female taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June and August, 1899, 1900.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honno.

General distribution. COREA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1624.

411.

Circobotys aurimargo.

Circobotys aurimargo, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6), xviii, p. 109 (1896); Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond., 1901, p. 480.

Five male specimens and one female taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, 1895, 1899, 1900; Tokyo in May, 1894;

Kimbo-San, Higo, in May, 1893.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpno; Kytsav.

General distribution. ASSAM; E. CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1669.

Genus PHLYCTAENODES.

Guenée, Delt. et Pyr., p. 173 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 407 (1896).

412.

Phlyctaenodes ochrealis, sp. n.

d. Pale ochreous, the wings with darker markings. Forewings

nave a slightly sinuous antemedial line, a dot in the cell and a

lunule at end of the cell; postmedial line outwardly oblique from

the costa, curved beyond the cell, bent inwards for a short distance

along vein 2, thence direct to inner margin ; the costa from base to

the antemedial line agrees in colour with the transverse lines.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 385

Hindwings have a postmedial line similar to that on the forewings.

Underside pale stramineous, the forewings have a pale purplish

brown discal mark, and the outer margin has a tapered. border of the

same colour; there are traces of a dusky postmedial line on all the

wings.

Expanse 32 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, August, 1899.

Seems to be allied to P. crocalis, Hampson.

One male and five females taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

August and September, 1899.

Local distribution. HoNnpo.

Habitat. Japan.

Collection number, 1651.

413.

Phlyctaenodes stictitalis.

Phiyctaenodes stictitalis, Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 2, p. 883; Dup.

Lép. Fr., viii, pl. ccxv, fig. 5; Hampson, Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, iv, p. 407.

Seven male and four female specimens taken at Ishik-

awa and Tobetsu, Oshima, in June and July, 1901, oo

Hitherto unrecorded from J apan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. NorTH AMERICA ; EUROPE; ASIA

Minor; ARMENIA; BALUCHISTAN; EAST THIAN SHAN;

CorEA ; East SIBERIA (Amurland); JAPAN.

Collection number, 1714.

Genus EVERGESTIS.

Hiibn., Verz., p. 354 (1827).

414,

Hvergestis extimalis.

Pyralis extimalis, Scop., Ent. Carn., No. 614 (1763).

Pyralis margaritalis, Schiff., Wien, Verz., p. 128.

Pyralis erwealis, Hiibn., Pyral., fig. 55.

Evergestis consimilis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

ix, p. 433 (1892).

Hvergestis extimalis, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,

1899, p. 186; Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901,

p- 478.

386 Mr. A. E. Wijgran on New and Unrecorded Species

A series of seven males and four females taken at Junsai

Numa in July, 1902, and at Obirashibe, Teshio, in June,

1899 ; six specimens received from Mr. Andrews, Hakodate.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEzo.

General distribution. KUROPE; COREA; WESTERN

CHINA; EAST SIBERIA (Amurland); NortH AMERICA ;

JAPAN.

Collection number, 1674.

Genus MECYNA.

Guenée, Delt. et Pyr., p. 406 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 417 (1896).

415.

Mecyna prunipennis.

Mecyna prunipennis, Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5),

iv, p. 454 (1879).

One male and five female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in May, July, August and September, 1899, 1900,

1901.

Butler described the type of this species from Yoko-

hama, but it is not included by Leech in his catalogue,

and it is the only specimen in the National Collection.

Local distribution. HONpDo.

General distribution. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1648.

Genus METASIA.

Guenée, Delt. et Pyr., p. 251 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 420 (1896).

416.

Metasia coniotalis.

Metasia coniotalis, Hampson, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc., xv,

p- 220 (1904).

Three male specimens and one female taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in July and August, 1895, 1899.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 387

Local distribution. Honpbo ; Kytsxt (Nasasaki).

General distribution. N. CHINA; C. CHINA; TIBET;

KASHMIR ; SIMLA.

Collection numbers, 1502, 1541 and 1542, Japan.

Genus PIONEA.

Guenée, Delt. et Pyr., p. 367 (1854); Hampson, Fauna

Brit. India, Moths, p. 422 (1896).

417.

Pionea stigmatalis, sp. n.

d. Forewings greyish freckled with darker, the outer marginal

area, limited by a serrated blackish line, dark grey, almost blackish ;

the stigmata, especially the outlines, are darker than the ground

colour; there are two black dots on the costa just before the sub-

marginal line, another on the line and two others between the line

and the apex of the wing; fringes dark grey preceded by an inter-

rupted black line. Hindwings whitish, the outer margin bordered

with dark grey ; submarginal line dark grey, obscure towards the

inner margin. Underside similar to above, but the dark marginal

borders are absent, and the hindwings have a black, discal lunule

and a dot at lower angle of the cell.

Expanse 27 mm.

Allied to P. prunalis, Schiff.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, October, 1899. In

poor condition.

Local distribution. Honpo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1496.

418.

Pionea (?) plagialis, sp.n. (Plate XXXI, fig. 10.)

dg. Whitish, semihyaline, with brownish transverse lines. The

forewings have a brownish patch on the middle of the inner margin,

a brownish round spot in the cell, and two linear marks at outer

extremity of the cell; the antemedial, postmedial, and submar-

ginal lines are outwardly angled about the middle. The hindwings

have a brownish discoidal spot, and from this a line of the same

colour runs to the inner margin; postmedial line obscure towards

the costa; submarginal line angled at the middle. Fringes white

388 Mr. A. E. Wigman on New and Unrecorded Species

with a fine brownish line at their base. The venation of the

forewings brownish, and of the hindwings faintly so.

Expanse 29 mm.

Male type from Yoshino, Yamato, July, 1895.

Two female specimens taken at the same locality, June,

1899, and July, 1901.

Local distribution. HONpbo.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1685.

419,

Pionea exiqualis, sp. n.

¢. Forewings pale cinnamon brown with obscure darker ante-

and postmedial lines, the latter wavy, bent inwards at vein 3; a

dusky mark at outer extremity of the cell. Hindwings paler.

Underside of forewings whitish brown, and of hindwings whitish ;

all the wings have an obscure discal mark and a dusky postmedial

line.

Expanse 18 mm.

Male type from Yezo (Andrews).

Local distribution. YEZO.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Collection number, 1638.

420.

Pionea thyalis.

Botys thyalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 667 (1859) ;

Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 497.

One male specimen taken at Kiuire, Satsuma, July,

1895.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Kytsuu.

General distribution. CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1605.

421.

Pionea tritalis.

Pionea tritalis, Chr., Bull. Mosc., 1881, 1, p. 20.

One female specimen taken at Shiokubi, Oshima, in

July, 1902.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 389

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. HE, SIBERIA (Amurland, Ussur1) ;

N. CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1693a.

422.

Pionea prunalis.

Pyralis prunalis, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 121 (1776).

Pionea prunalis, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., ii, p. 62 (1901).

One specimen in the National Collection labelled

Japan ?, 81, ex Zeller Collection.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

General distribution. EUROPE; ? JAPAN.

Genus PYRAUSTA.

Schrank, Fauna Boica, 1, 2, p. 163 (1802); Hampson,

Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 429 (1896).

423.

Pyrausta andrewsalis, sp.n. (Plate XXX, fig. 7.)

¢. Forewings purplish brown suffused with greyish ; a yellow

patch on the inner margin towards the base, intersected by the

antemedial line ; a yellow spot in the cell, intersected by the discal

lunule, and a sinuous yellow band inwardly margined by the post-

medial line ; the band is sharply contracted about the middle, and

the transverse lines are hardly darker than the ground-colour.

Hindwings yellow, the outer margin broadly purplish brown

suffused with greyish ; the purplish brown postmedial line is highly

sinuous and at vein 2 touches the discal lunule which is also

purplish brown. Fringes yellow. Underside as above but paler.

2: Similar to the male, but on the forewings there is a double

yellow spot beyond the cell.

Expanse, 28 min. ¢, 26 mm. ?.

Male and female types from Yezo (Andrews).

Two male and one female specimens received from

Mr. Andrews, Hakodate.

Local distribution. YEZzO.

Halitat. JAPAN.

Allied to P. signatalis, Walk.

Collection numbers, 1614, 1993.

390 Mr. A. E, Wilagen on New and Unrecorded Species

424,

Pyrausta cespitalis.

Pyrausta cespitalis, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 123 (1775).

Botys tendinosalis, Brem., Lep. Ost.-Sib., p. 99, pl. vii,

fig. 10 (1864).

Pyrausta cespitalis, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901,

p. 505; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 1v,

p. 480 (1896).

Six male and five female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in June, July, August and September, 1899,

1900, 1901, and at Nikko in June, 1903. Some of these

specimens are referable to the typical form and some to

the tendinosalis form.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. EUROPE; SYRIA; SIBERIA ;

AFGHANISTAN ; PuNJAB; #DHARMSALA ; BURMA

(Bernardymo).

Collection number, 1699.

425.

Pyrausta cilralrs.

Pyrausta cilialis, Hiibn., 119 ; Leech, Brit. Pyr., pl. vi, fig. 4

Four male specimens taken at Hakodate, Ishikawa, and

Junsai Numa, province of Oshima, in June and July, 1902,

1903.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. KUROPE; AMURLAND,; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1717.

426.

Pyrausta contigualis.

Pyrausta contigualis, South, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901,

p. 506, pl. xiv, fig. 23.

Six male and three female specimens taken at Yoshino,

Yamato, in May, June, September and October, 1895,

1899; at Kobe in April, 1899, and at Jozanke, near

Sapporo, Ishikari, in August, 1896.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 391

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo; Y&zOo.

General distribution. WESTERN CHINA; JAPAN.

Collection number, 1095.

427.

Pyrausta hyalodiscalis.

Pyrausta hyalodiscalis, Warr., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6), xvi, p. 471; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, iv,

p. 434 (1896).

One example of each sex taken at Yoshino, Yamato, in

June and July, 1899, 1901.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Honpo.

General distribution. KHASIS; JAPAN.

This species was described by Warren from a female

type. My male measures in expanse 20 mm., the female

22mm. The male does not differ in pattern or coloration

but the markings are not quite so bright as in the female.

Collection number, 1495.

ADDENDA.

Twenty species have been found to be new to the fauna

of Japan since the manuscript of this paper was submitted

to and accepted by the Entomological Society, and are

therefore now incorporated as addenda. This includes

some new species and others recorded by various authors

and myself from Japan for the first time.

Family ARCTIADAE.

Sub-family ARCTIANAE.

Genus CREATONOTUS.

Hiibner; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, u, p. 26

(1894).

Creatonotus kout.

Creatonotus kout, Miyake, Tokyo, Bull. Coll. Agric., viib

p. 153 (1909).

392 Mr. A. E. Wadgman on New and Unrecorded Species

Genus DIAcRISIA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 169 (1827).

Diacrisia survanensis.

Diacrisia surianensis, Miyake, Tokyo, Bull. Coll. Agric.,

vill, p. 153 (1909).

Diacrisia moltrechti.

Diacrisia moltrechti, Miyake, Tokyo, Bull. Coll. Agric., viii,

p. 174 (1909).

Macrisia lutea japonica.

Diacrisia lutea japonica, Rothschild, Nov. Zool., xvii, p. 131

(1910).

Dhacrisia pseudolutea.

Diacrisia pseudolutea, Rothschild, Nov. Zool., xvii, p. 134

(1910).

Sub-family LITHOSIANAE.

Genus PELOSIA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 165 (1827).

Pelosia albicostata.

Pelosia albicostata, Hampson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7),

vii, p. 179 (1901).

Described by Hampson from Japan.

Two male specimens in the British Museum Collection.

Habitat. JAPAN.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 393

Genus ILEMA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 165 (1827).

Llema brevipennis.

Inthosia brevipennis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., ii, 509 (1854) ;

Moore, Lep. Ceyl., ii, p. 56, pl. cil, fig. 4; Hampson,

Ill. Het. B. M., viii, pl. cxxxix, fig. 11; Fauna Brit.

India, Moths, ii, p. 82, 9; Kirby, Cat. Het., p. 329.

Lithosia intermiata, Walk., xxxi, 229 (1864); Hampson,

Ill. Het. B. M., ix, pl. clviui, fig. 1; Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, ii, p. 84; Kirby, Cat. Het., p. 329.

Katha punctifera, Hampson, Ill. Het. B. M., ix, p. 80,

pl. clviii, fig. 22, 9 (1893).

Systropha fuscipes, Hampson, Ill. Het. B. M., ix, p. 80, pl.

elviii, fig. 23 (1893); Fauna Brit. India, Moths, 11, p. 83.

Ilema brevipennis, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ii, p. 172

(1900).

Japan is not mentioned by Hampson as one of the

localities for this species, but there are specimens from

that country in’ the British Museum series.

Local distribution. Kytsut (Kytishi: (Leech), Naga-

saki (Leech)).

General distribution. INDIA; CEYLON; BORNEO;

Sampawa; Corea; Cuina (Moupin); Japan.

Tlema vicaria.

Inthosia viearia, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. 11, 505 (1854) ;

Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., p. 223.

Lithosia antica, Walk., /. c.; Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,

1878, p. 15, pl. i, fig. 9; zd., Lep. Ceyl., 1, p. 56, pl.

cil, fig. 3; Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ui,

p. 79; Kirby, Cat. Het., p. 325.

Iithosia natara, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C., p. 304 (1859) ;

Kirby, Cat. Het., p. 325.

Iithosia imitans, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., iii, p. 87

(1878).

Ilema vicaria, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., ii, p. 165 (1900). ©

Recorded by Hampson from Japan; unrecorded by

Leech.

394 Mr. A. E. Wiggpan on New and Unrecorded Species

One specimen in British Museum Collection from Yezo,

Japan.

Local distribution. YEZO (Pryer).

General distribution. AFRICA; INDIA; CEYLON; ANDA-

MANS; NicoBaR ISLANDS; BURMA; SINGAPORE ; BORNEO ;

JAVA; CHINA; AMURLAND ; LoocHoo ISLANDS; JAPAN.

Family NOCTUIDAE.

Sub-family ZHRASTRIANAE.

Genus HyposaDa.

Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., x, p. 273 (1911).

Hyposada mesophaea.

Hyposada mesophaea, Piing.; Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal., x,

p. 279, pl. elvii, fig. 4 (1911).

There is only a coloured figure of this species in the

B. M. Collection,

The type is in collection Piingeler.

General distribution. JAPAN.

Sub-family HADENINAE.

Genus MONIMA.

Hiibner, Verz., p. 229 (1827).

10.

Monima constabilis, sp. n.

?. Forewings reddish brown ; ante- and postmedial lines indi-

cated by black dots on the veins ; subterminal line pale ochreous,

inwardly edged with dark reddish brown, indented below costa ;

traces of a dusky central shade on the dorsal area; reniform and

orbicular stigmata outlined in pale ochreous, the lower end of the

former darker. Hindwings fuscous grey with a dusky irregular

central line. Underside shining greyish, the forewings suffused

with dusky ; hindwings have a black dot at end of the cell, and all

the wings a series of more or less connected black dots forming a

postmedial line.

6. Antennae bipectinated similar to the female in colour and

marking but the central line of hindwings, upper surface, is less

distinct ; the postmedial lines of under surface are also less defined.

Expanse, 40 mm. ?, 38 mm. ¢.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 395

Three female specimens from Yokohama in the British

Museum, in one of which the terminal area of forewings

is suffused with blackish.

Male type in collection Piingeler.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Sub-family HYPENINAE.

Genus PARAGONA. <Antea, p. 266.

Paragona obliquisigna.

Metachrostis obliquisigna, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, ii, p. 326 (1894).

This species, which I referred to Ozarba (?) on page 230

of this paper, is, I discover, placed in Paragona by

Hampson in B. M. Collection.

Genus PROLOPHOTA.

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv, p. 546 (1896).

12,

Prolophota trigonifera.

Prolophota trigonifera, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India,

Moths, iv, p. 547 (1896).

Three female specimens from Japan. One from Kago-

shima, province of Satsuma, July 15, 1895. The other

two specimens are not localised or dated, but probably

come from Yoshino, province of Yamato.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Kytsxv.

General distribution. CEYLON (type 2); JAPAN.

Collection number, 1372.

Family LYMANTRIADAE.

Genus STILPNOTIA, Westwood.

13.

Stilpnotia candida,

Stilpnotia salicis, var. candida, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi,

308 ; Cat. Lep. pal., i, p. 117, 925a (1901).

396 Mr. A. E. Wileman on New and Unrecorded Species

I bred imagines of candida in August, 1902, from larvae

taken at Hakodate. They are different from larvae of

salicis, and candida should therefore be separated as a

distinct species. Candida is recorded from Japan by

Staudinger as a variety of salicis.

Local distribution. YEZO.

General distribution. UrcaA; CuHina; EK. SIBERIA

(Ussuri, Amurland); CoREA; JAPAN.

Family GEOMETRIDAE.

Sub-family BOARMIANAE.

Genus CORYMICA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xx, p. 230 (1860).

14.

Corymica arnearia.

Corymica arnearia, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xx, p. 231;

Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, ii,. p. 185

(1895).

Caprilia vesicularia, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxv, p. 1569.

There are three specimens of this species in the B, M.

Collection.

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Local distribution. Kytsut, Nagasaki (Leech).

General distribution. INDIA; ASSAM; BURMA; PULO

Laut; PENANG; SUMATRA; BorNEO; W. CHINA;

JAPAN.

Genus ACANTHOCAMPA.

Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxviii, p. 951 (1905).

15.

Acanthocampa excavata.

Acanthocampa excavata, Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Xxvill, p. 951, fig. 18 g (1905).

Dyar states that this species is probably Zamacra albo-

fasciaria, Leech; but that he has been unable to consult

the original description and founds a new genus for it.

I’ have examined Zamacra albofasciaria in the British

Museum Collection, and have compared it with Dyar’s

figure of excavata. The two species do not agree in the

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 397

contour of the postmedial and antemedial lines which

are wavy in excavata but are more regularly curved in

albofasciara. They are probably distinct, but it would not

be safe to say without seeing Dyar’s type.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Sub-family GHOMETRINAE.

Genus POECILOCHLORA.

Warren, Nov. Zool., xi, p. 305 (1904).

16.

Poecilochlora lacerataria.

Thalera’ lacerataria, Graeser, Berl. ent Zeit. p. 387;

piaud.. fis, x, po Ih pra, fos 14:

Hitherto unrecorded from Japan.

Two specimens from Pryer’s collection in British

Museum labelled Japan.

General distribution. YUNNAN; CHINA (Washan,

6000 ft.); CorEA; JAPAN.

Family PSYCHIDAE.

Sub-family OLCETICINAE,

Genus PACHYTELIA,

Pachytelia, Westwood, Proc, Ent. Soc. Lond., v, p. 42

(1848).

Pachytelia, Heylaerts, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge, xxv, p. 42

(1881),

LW:

Pachytelia asiatica.

Psyche unicolor, var. asiatica, Staud., Rom. sur Lép., vi,

p. 302 (1892).

Canephora unicolor, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., p. 509 (1892).

Pachytelia wnicolor, Staud., Cat. Lep. pal., 1, p. 393 (1901).

Psyche unicolor, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 352.

Three specimens in B. M. Collection from Japan ex

Pryer collection.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PaRT I. (OCT.) DD

398 Mr. A. E. Wilggpan on New and Unrecorded Species

Recorded by Leech from Japan under Psyche wnicolor,

but separated in the B. M. Collection as a distinct species.

General distribution. CHINA (Foochow); JAPAN.

Family ZYGAENIDAE.

Sub-family ZYGAHNINAE.

Genus ILLIBERIS.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., 1, p. 289 (1854).

LS:

Llliberis pruna.

Ilviberis pruni, Dyar, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxvin, p. 954

(1905).

Described by Dyar from Japan.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Family PYRALIDAE.

Genus PYRAUSTA.

19,

Pyrausta polygon.

Pyrausta polygoni, Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxviii,

p. 955 (1905).

Described by Dyar from Japan.

Habitat. JAPAN.

Genus PaGyDA.

Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 487 (1859).

20.

Pagyda quinqguelinealis.

Pagyda quinquelinealis, Hering.

Six specimens in B. M. Collection from Japan.

Local distribution. | Honndo (Yokohama, Tokyo);

NaGasakt; Kytsat; YEzo (Hakodate).

General distribution. CENTRAL and West CHINA

(Ichang, Moupin); JAPAN.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

PAGE

Fam. ARCTIADAE.

Sub-fam. VNOLINAE.

CreLama, W1k. ’ - 191

1. innocua (Butl.) 192

2. squalida (Staud.) 192

Eee Hmpsn. 193

3. stellata (sp. n.) 193

AGyYLLA, W1k. 193

4, gigantea (Oberth, ie 194

ton, Moore . 194

5. staudingeri (Alph. 7 194

ScHISTOPHLEPS, Hmpsn. 194

6. bipuncta (Hmpsn.) 195

Fam. NOCTUIDAE.

Sub-fam. AGROTINAE. |

Trora, W1k. 195 |

7. tosta (Moore) . 195

Evxoa, Hiibn. ; 195

8. oberthiiri (Hmpsn. ) 196

9. intracta (W1k.) 196

Episiuia, Hiibn. . 196

10. festiva (Schiff.) 196

Myruimna, Hiibn.. 197

. leucographa (Schiff.) 197

Sub-fam. HADENINAE.

Po.ia, Treit. 197

12. bilinea (Hmpsn. oe 137,

13. splendens (Hiibn.) 198

CuHapuata, Wik. . 198

14. inanis (Oberth.) 198

Eriopyaa, Guen. . 199

_ 15. grandis (Butl.) 199

bicolor (ab. nov.) 199

16. fuliginosa (Hmpsn. ) 199

Crrpuis, W1k. 200

7. simplex (Leech) 200 |

18. inframicans (Hmpsn.) 200

19. albicosta (Moore) 200

20. postica (Hmpsn.) 201 |

Borouta, Moore. 201 |

21. stellata (Hmpsn.) 201

- Metrana, Curtis 202

22, curvilinea (Hmpsn. ) 202

Levcanta, Ochs. . 202 |

23. pudorina (Schiff.) . 202 |

Sub-fam. CUCULLIAN AE.

Cucunuia, Schrank ‘ 203

_ 24. jankowskii (Oberth.) 203 |

‘oF

Sympistis, Hiibn. .

25. melaleuca (Thnbg. )

ConistRA, Hiibn. .

26. ardescens (Butl.)

purpurea (ab. nov.).

Cosma, Ochs. ; :

27. fulvago (Linn.)

ab. asiatica (Hmpsn.)

28. tunicata (Graes.)

29. citrago (Linn.)

399

PAGE

203

204

205

Sub-fam. ACRONYCTINAE.

PaRAstIcaTis, Hiibn. 205

30. rurea (Fab.) 206

TRACHEA, Ochs. . 206

31. albidisca (Moore) 206

32. secalis (Linn.) 206

33. yoshinoensis (sp. n.) 207

EvupLexts, Steph. 208

34. illustrata (Graes ) . 208

35. aureopuncta (Hmpsn.) 208

PERIGEA, Guen. 4 209

36. cyclica (Hmpsn.) 209

37. contigua (Leech) 209

Ouiera, Hiibn. , 209

38. arctides (Staud.) 209

ERiopus, Treit. . 210

39. placodoides (Quen. ) 210

40. albolineola (Graes.) 210

41. clava (Leech) 210

Faqirana, Wlk. . 211

42. datanidia (Butl.) 211

CHYTONIX, Grote. : 211

43. albonotata (Staud.) 211

44, nigribasalis (Hmpsn. ) 212

BrRYOMOBEA, Staud. : 212

45. melachlora (Staud.) 212

BrYoOpPHILA, Treit. 212

46. pannosa (sp. n.) 213

HARRISIMEMNA, Grote 213

47. marmorata See EL 213

Tampia, WIE. 213

48. transversa (Moore) 214

Aucua, W1k. - 214

49. variegata (Oberth. ) 214

BrRYOPHILINA, Staud. 214

50. blandula (Staud.) . 215

| Canna, WIk. 215

51. malachitis (Oberth. ) 215

Acronycra, Ochs. . 215

52. jankowskii (Oberth. ) 216

DD 2

400 Mr. A. E. Se on New and Unrecorded Species

PAGE PAGE

53. brumosa (Guen.) . . 216 | NaRANGA, Moore . 5 . 231

54, subornata (Leech) . » 1216 88. aenescens (Moore) . . gol

55. albistigma (Hmpsn.) . 217

56. catocaloida (ue) NAL Sub-fam. HUTELIANAE.

57. psi(Linn.) . : . 217 | Eurenia, Hubn. . . 231

58. incretata (Butl.) 318 89. viridinota (Swinh. »: . 32

Argetis, Hiibn. . . Oke 90. grabezewskii (Piing.) . 232

59. lapidea (sp.m.) - 218 | gut. tam, SA RROTHRIPINAE.

PETILAMPA, Auriv. : LS

60. alustris (Hiibn.) . es) GADIRTHA, Wik. . : - 232 |

P 91. inexacta (Wlk.) 232

Proxenus, Herr-Schaff. POAP ALS) ee a Wik : ; "933 |

G1. dissimilis (Hmpsn.) AL) ao Re Sw ents ; ‘ 233 |

HapgIna, Staud. . . 220 | ae, pa eg nN)»

62. biguttula (Motsch.). , FRY Or ee: : ; oe

63. ferruginea(Hmpsn.) . 220 93. ruficirra(Hmpsn.). —. 238

Hyprorcra, Dup. - 220 Sub-fam. ACONTIANAE.

64. basalipunctata (Grace, ) - 220 | Macrocrruonta, Butl. . 934

Enypna, WIk. 2 tee 94. fervens (Butl.) : . 234 |

65. lineosa (Moore) . - 221 | Qprasrocera, Butl . . 234 |

66. truncipennis (Hmpsn.) . 221 95. duplicata (sp. n.) 934

67. albisignata (Oberth.) . 221 96. insignita (sp. n.) ; 995M

Canyunta, Hibn. . 222) Wrorermannta, Hitbn. . 235

68. jankow skii (Ober th. Diy, ee Wor aaralalie (Staud. Wale "935

69. exigua (Butl.) : - 222 Hatias, Treit. ; : _ 936

70. bifasciata (Staud.) . . 223 98. magnifica (Leech) . "936

Nowaaria, Ochs, - ee | ParAcRAMA, Moore . . 236

ue obsenra (sp.n.): - + 223 | 99. dulcissima (WIk.) £286

ARENOSTOLA, Hmpsn. . . 224 Sina, WI. "937

72. lutosa (Hiibn.) 5 4 224 100. eae (WIk. ) ; ; 937

Arcuanara, WIK. ; : se ab. unicolor (ab. nov.) . 237

73. resoluta (Hmpsn.) . - 224 | granopHora, Butl. "937

74. polita (WIk.) - . 224 | “101, ferreolutea (Hmpsn.) . 237

CHASMINODES, Hmpsn. . . 225 Risopa, Moore "937

75, cilia (Staud. ). ° - 225 | 199. obstructa (Moore) pee

Sub-fam. HRASTRIAN AE. Sub-fam. CATOCALINAE.

Enispa, W1k. : . . 225 | Sprrama, Guen,_. . 5 238

76. leucosticta (sp. n.) . . 225 103. pudens(WIk.) _ 938

77. ornata (sp.n.). . +. 226 | Nycrrpao,Htibn. . . ~~. 239

Oruza, Wlk. . 226 104, macrops (Linn.) . 2 ao

78. glaucotorna (sp. nD) yee eee Catocana, Schrank . . 239

CoraatHa, Wlk. . : > 227 105. rutin (sp. n.) i _ 239

79. nitens(Butl.). . . 227 | 106. fraxini(Limn.) . . 240

80. ruficeps(Wlk.) . -. 227 | 107. hetaera(Staud.) . . 240

81. yoshinoensis (sp.n.) . 228 | Opurusa, Ochs. . . 241

82. pygmaea (sp.n.) . . 228 | 108. triphaenoides (W1k.) . 941

Srenotosa, Staud. . 229 109. fulvotaenia (Guen.) . 241

83. jankowskii (Oberth. ) » , 229 110. dotata (Fabr.) . _ Oat

OzarBa, W1k. . . 229 | 111. melicerte (Drury). . 242

84. incondita (Butl. Nae 229

85. obliquisigna (Hmpsn.) . 230 Sub-fam. MOMINAE.

Euxrocastra, Butl. : . 230 | Moma, Hiibn. ; p A ED

86. undulata (Snell.) . . 230 112. champa (Moore) . . 942

87. latifasciata (sp. n.) . . 2380 var, ainu (var. nov.) . 242

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan.

PantTHEA, Hiibn. .

113. coenobita (Esp. yi

Demas, Steph. :

114. umbrosa (sp. n.)

TRISULOIDES, Butl.

115. sericea (Butl.)

Sub-fam. PLUSIAN AE.

Puusta, Ochs. :

116. limbirena (Guen. i

117. daubei (Boisd.)

ABROSTOLA, Ochs,

118. asclepiadis (Schiff, )

Sub-fam. VOCTUINA E.

Sypna, Guen.

119. replicata (Feld. )

Hypocana, Guen.

120. subsatura (Guen. ‘

121. moorei (Butl.)

Axgpia, Hiibn. A :

122. leucomelas (Linn.)

TRIGONODES, Guen.

123. disjuncta (Moore),

ToxocaMPa, Guen.

124. stigmata (sp. n.)

BREVIPECTEN, Hmpsn.

125. consanguis (Leech)

ANTARCHAEA, Hiibn.

126. bilinealis (Leech) .

ZETHES, Ramb. :

127. suffusa (sp.n.) .

128. gensanalis (Leech)

129. costaemacula (Staud.)

Diomsa, W1k.

130. jankowskii (Oberth. )

Raparna, Moore

131. nigripuneta (sp. n)

Avitta, Wlk.

132. puncta (sp. n.)

Sub-fam. HYPHNINAE.

CoLosocuy.a, Hiibn.

133. rectilinealis (Graes. )

Aprapsa, Wlk. ..

134. reticulatis (Leech)

135. ablualis (W1k.)

BLeptina, Guen. .

136. caliginosa (sp. n. je

137. medialis (sp. n.)

MasticorHorvs, Poey .

138. brevivittalis (Moore)

HypRILLOpDEs, Guen.

139, morosa (Butl. )

PAGE

243

244

Noparia, Guen. .

140. obliqua (sp. n.)

141. parallela (sp. n.) .

142. assimilata (sp. n.)

143. discisigna (Moore)

144. leechi (South)

Catapa, WIk. :

145. fatua (Warr.)

Ouvtis, W1k. :

146. albistigma (Hmpsn. )

LatrRostRuM, Hmpsn.

147. bisacutum (Hmpsn. )

AnoratHa, Moore

148. paritalis (WI1k.)

Licua, WIk.

149. olivescens (Hmpsn. )

Marapana, Moore :

150. punctimargo Cees .

RHYNCHINA, Guen. ;

151. abducalis (Wile eo:

HYPENA, Stina

152. pulverulenta (sp. n.)

153, hampsonialis (sp. n.)

154, caliginosa (sp. n.)

155, furva (sp. n.)

156. sinuosa (sp. n.)

157. triangularis (Moore)

158. lignealis (W1k.)

159. laxia (Swinh.) .

160. albopunctalis (Leech) .

161. obductalis (WIk.) .

162. rhombalis (Guen. )

163. inambitiosa (Leech)

PARAGONA, Staud.

164. cleorides (sp. n.) .

Rivuwa, Guen.

165. angulata (sp. n.) .

166. biatomea (Moore) .

167. confusa (sp. n.)

168, nigripunctalis (sp. n.) .

169. curvilinea (sp. n.)

170. errabunda (sp. n.)

Fam. LYMANTRIADAE.

DasycHiRa, Steph.

171. conjuncta (sp. n.)

172. nigra (Hmpsn.)

173. strigata (Moore)

174. virginea (Oberth. ).

Kuproctis, Hiibn.

175. curvata (sp. n.)

176, aurata (sp. n.)

177. torasan (Holl. )

402 Mr. A. E. Wyjgman on New and Unrecorded Species

PAGE ; PAGE

Fam. SPHINGIDAE. MIcROPHALERA, Butl. . . 284

Bub-fam. ACHERONTIAN A || (10). Snob EB Eut ee

AcuErontia, Ochs. . . 273 | 196, japonica (sp.n.) . . 285

178. lachesis (Fabr.) . . 273 | Fpyvonta, Butl. . f ._ 986

Hyxorcus, Hubn. . : 273 197. sordida (sp. n.). . 286

179. crassistriga (Roths. and 198. nihonica (sp. n.) . . 286

Jord.) . . «+ 274 | Srauropus, Germ. ee 5)

DotBina, Staud. . : . 274 199. bidentatus (sp. n.) | 287

180. exacta (Staud.) : ' 274 200. viridimixta(Brem.) . 287

KENTROCHRYSALIS, Staud. . 275 201. punctatella (Motsch.) . 288

181. consimilis (Roths. and : 202. perdix (Moore) . _ 288

Jord.) : . » 275 GLUPHISIA, Boisd. : . ~289

Sub-fam. AMBULICIN AE, 203. Japonica (8p: ie) | eae

a. Noroponta, Ochs. : . 289

Marvmpa, Moore . - 276 | 904. tritophus(Esp.) . . 289

182. jankowskii (Oberth.) | 276 | 905. monetaria (Oberth.) . 290

Laneta, Moore. - 276 | 906. gigantea (Butl.) . . 290

183. zenzeroides (Moore) - 277 | 907. dembowskii (Oberth.) . 291

AmorpHA, Hiibn. ; Sry 208. aliena (Staud 291

184. amurensis (Staud.) B77 | \opone mie vag

ea ete ae i 209. graeseri (Staud.) . . 201

ME pee ats y pe eee 210. lativitta (sp.n.) . . 292

rey . - 278 | 911. basilinea (Sp) . 292

185, rubiginosa (Brem. and Uroponta, Staud. j _ 293

Grey) . . ~ 278 | 919. branicki(Oberth.) . 293

Sub-fam. MACROGLOSSINAE. kor eee eiph,) ‘aul tie an

en pontosta, Hiibn. : ;

et pecenea TOL? ead 279 | 914. cuculus (Staud.) . . n2oe

Jord.) 979 HYPERAESCHRA, Butl. . . 294

: : : Fiat 215. collaris (Swinh.) . . 294

Sub-fam. PERGESIN AE. 216. biloba (Staud.) . 295

LoPHOPTERYX, Steph. . . «295

} uh LIS, 3 9s i

ENE Bail; os sea | 2i7. saturata(Wik.) . 295

: : ; } 218. admirabilis (Staud.) . 296

219. ina : : )

Fam. CYMATOPHORIDAE, | 12, “eutina (Oberth.) ace

d 7 ie ,

THYATIRA, Hiibn. . ; . 280 220. miraculosa (Staud.) . 296

188. flavida (Bath) 04). $280 | Sparanm, Hubn. 5 59 Seage

Potyptoca, Hiibn. . 281 | 221. dives(Oberth.) . . 297

189. albicostata (Brem. ) . 281 | 222. doerriesi (Graes.) . me yy

Nemacerota, Hmpsn. . . 281 | IcuTHyuRA, Hiibn. : . 297

190. umbrosa (spi n:)ne . 281 223. troglodyta (Graes.) . 297

PALIMPSESTES, Hiibn. . ; 282 224. sieversi (Staud.) . -. 298

191. undosa (sp. n.) . 282

192. basalis(sp.n.) . ; 282 Fam. GEOMETRIDAE.

Fam. EUPTEROTIDAE. | Sub-fam. BOARMIANAE,

GaNGARIDES, Moore . . 283 BArTA, Steph. _ . - 298

193. eine ee) : . 283 ee Wee (Moore) . : Be

WOR.) : . os

Fam, NOTODONTIDAE. 226. punctata (Warr) ae

£ ’ . . .

Eunampsonia, Dyar. . . 284 227. hadassa (Butl.) . - 299

194. splendida (Oberth.) . 284 ab. unicolor (ab. nov.) . 299

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 403

Corymica, WIk.

228.

caustolomaria (Moore) .

CryPsIcoMETA, Warr.

229.

incertaria (Leech).

ab. plana (ab. re

Bupatus, Leach

230.

vestalis (Staud.)

GaRAEus, Moore

231.

specularis (Moore)

OuRAPTERYX, Leach

232.

cretea (Swinh.)

TRISTROPHIS, Butl.

233.

veneris (Butl.)

GonopontTIs, Hiibn.

234.

bidentata (Clerck)

Hyerocuroa, Hiibn.

235.

236.

237.

parva (Hedem.)

syringaria ( Linn.)

discolor (Warr. )

SEBASTOSEMA, Warr.

+ 238.

tripartita (sp. n.) .

Eprone, Dup.

239.

magnaria (sp. n. Hi.

PROTEOSTRENTA, Warr.

240.

241.

242.

pica (sp. n.)

atrata (sp. n.)

leda (Butl.) .

AMBLYCHIA, Guen. .

243.

angeronaria (Guen.)

DvuLioPpHyYLE, Warr.

244,

agitata (Butl.)

Lycra, Hiibn.

245.

246,

247.

betularia (Linn. )

robustum (Butl.) .

tortuosa (sp. n.)

GnopuHos, Treit.

248.

perdita (Butl. .

Aucis, Curt.

249.

invenustaria (Leech)

Boarmia, Treit.

250.

251.

252.

253.

254.

255.

256.

257,

concinnata (sp. n.)

interrupta (sp. n.)

pagina (sp. n.)

amphidasyaria (Oberth, )

dissimilis (Staud.)

definita (Butl.)

lectonia (Swinh.)

repulsaria (W1k.) .

Mepastna, Moore

258.

nikkonis (Butl.)

Ecrropis, Hiibn.

259.

260.

261.

brunnearia (Leech)

consonaria (Hiibn.)

praepicta ( Warr.).

PAGE

299

300

301

302

303

PAGE

262. grisescens (Warr.). eee Lg

ARICHANNA, Moore : 317

263. jaguarinaria (Oberth. he mays t Be,

PERCNIA, Guen. . . 318

264. exanthemata (Moore) . 318

ABRAXAS, Leach. . ; . 318

265. sylvata (Seon) . 318

PogonopyeiA, Warr. . Sly)

266. nigralbata ( Warr.) Secale

Sub-fam. ORNOCHROMINAE.

ABRAXAPHANTES . . ol9

267. mabillaria (Pou). ) » Salo

Ozona, W1k. . 820

268. impedita (Wk. ee 520

Sub-fam. LARENTIANAE.

LyGRANOA, Butl. . : . ol

269. confusa(sp.n.) . opel

CaricE, W1k. ‘ . 3821

270. absorpta (Warr) . 2 a2

PHILEREME, Hiibn. . 3822

271, dubiosata (W1k.) . 322

CouLix, Guen. . 322

272. hypospilata (Guen. Pollet 2822

PHIBALAPTERYX, Steph. . 3822

273. semiorbiculata (Christ.) 323

CoENOCALPE, Hiibn. f 5 SUP

274. stratata (sp. n.) . . 323

Evustroma, Hiibn. F » 323

275. pyropata (Hiibn.) . 324

276. porphyriata (Moore) . 324

CrpartiA, Treit. : \ 5) BE

277. illitata (sp.n.) . . 324

278. postalbida (sp. n.) . 3825

279. corylata (Thnbg.) . 326

CorEMIA, Guen. . 326

280. plumbeotincta (Swinh, ) 326

LARENTIA, Treit. . . 3826

281. saxea (sp. n.) ~ aud

282. semistrigata (Christ. Jie noe

AMOEBOTRICHA, Warr... ae

283. correlata ’(Warr.) : |

OPEROPHTERA, Butl. . 328

284. relegata (Prout) . . 328

285. japonaria ( ila . 3828

AMOEBE, Hiibn. . . 328

286. bidentata (Rott.) | . 328

PomasiA, Guen. . 329

287. denticlathrata (Warr.) . 329

EvupitTHeEctA, Curt. . j . 3829

288, sordidata (sp. Bis . 329

289. vigaureata (Dbld.) . 330

290. actaeata (Wald.) . . 330

404 Mr. A. E. Wilggean on New and Unrecorded Species

PAGE PAGE

TRICHOPTERYX, Hiibn. . . 330 | AGRAPTOCHLORA. . 344

291. viretata (Htibn.) . . 330 | 326. marginata (Warr.) . 344

292. insontata (Christ.) oo |

Neate eh) Pyle ee Fam. SATURNIADAE.

STHENA, Hibn. . : BM

294, remissa (sp.n.) . . 33g | Ruoprta, Moore . ii bs

295, anseraria (Herr-Schiff.) 332 | 327. fugax (Butl.) a0 he eis

Hastina, Moore . ; Bape ae

poe pean eee ee 332 Fam. URANIADAE.

Poe aaa ne ie Med se - 333 | PeevpoMICRONIA Moore 345

297. defectata (Christ.) - 333 | “399. oppositata (Snell.) "345

Sub-fam. ACIDALIANAE. PsycHosTROPHIA, Butl. . 3845

Wenn ieer 933 329. melanargia (Butl.) . 345

> . . . . eve ¢

298. corrivalaria (Kretsch.) . 333 a. callnommagalata kab. 345

299. imbella (Warr.) act S84 Die apEs Wik. : : . 346

300. apicipunctata (Christ.). 334 | ~ iy

301. ignobilis (Warr.). |, 334 | 380: prumaria(Moore). —. 346.

302. nudaria (Christ.) . . da4 x

303. lauta(Warr.) . . 385 Fam. PSYCHIDAE.

ae eee (sp. hava A oe Sub-fam. PS YCHINAE.

3 indeterminata aL) eo

; rae ’ AMATISSA, Wlk. . : . 346

306. holosericata (Dup.) - 336 | “597, GORAOER (Templ.) | BAB

Sub-fam. GEOMETRINAE. Kurycyrrarus, Hmpsn. . 347

Utiocyems, Warr. 336 332, andrewsi (sp. n.) . 5 ahi

Re Res aay Teak 3 Sub-fam. OECETICINAE.

308. tes ich n.) 4 j 337 OrkEticomweEs, Heyl. . 347

309. disjuncta (Wlk.) . . 337 | 383. nigraplaga (sp.n.) =. 347

310. alboundulata (Hed.) . 338

311. vacua (Swinh.) . 5 BBS Fam. COSSIDAE.

GEOMETRA, Linn. . 3 5 aoe @assun Una 348

312. vernaria (Hiibn.) . C88 ll gee Cesare . : ae

Acs Ueda a (M an " 938 | 384. ligniperda (Fabr. ). . 348

313. mandarinaria (Leech) . 339 |

314. dieckmanni (Graes.) . 339 Fam, LIMACODIDAE,

Evcutoris, Hiibn. : - 339 | Natapa, Wlk. : : :

315. amoenaria (Oberth.) . 339 335. conjuncta (WIk.).. . 348

Nemoria, Hiibn, . . . 340 | Microznon, Buth . § . . 349

316. plana (sp. n.) ‘ - 340 | 336. rubicundula (sp. n.) . 349

317, amphitritaria (Oberth.) 340 | Hrreroamnra, Knoch. . aes 4)

318. gelida (Butl.). - 340 | 337. dentatus (Oberth.). . 349

GeLasma, Warr. . . . 341 | 338. asella(ScuirF.) . . 350

319. ambigua (Butl.) . . 341 | Epreomponta, Dyar. . . 350

320. flagellaria (Pouj.) . 5 ail 339. nawai (Dyar.) ; 22350)

THALASSODES, Guen. . . 3841

321. infracta (sp. n.) : Ae Buy Fam. ZYGAENIDAE.

322. marinaria (Guen.) . 342 . j

323. grandificaria (Graes.) 343 Sub-fam. CHALCOSIANAL.

THALERA, Hiibn. . : . 343 | Hrrerusta, Hope. ; . 350

324. ingrata (sp. n.) . . 343 340. aedea (Clerck) . - 300

DItHECODES, Warr. , . 343 | Erasmia, Hope. 7 . 351

325. erasa (Warr. ) ‘ . 343 |} 341. sangaica (Moore) , aL

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 405

PAGE PAGE

Fam. DREPANIDAE. RHODOPHAHA, Guen. ) . 362

Drepana, Schrank ; » 351 366. rufilimbalis (sp. n. ioe

342. harpagula (Esp.) . “ 35] | 367. incertella (sp. n.) . . 362

Mimozernes, Warr... 352 “capri oe Gos ae

eeate e sh). 352 368. ferruginella (sp. n. : ‘

343. argentilinearia (Leech). 35 CRYPTOBLABES, pes "363

369. taenialis (sp. n.) . . 363

é ) E F

aay 370. loxiella(Rag.) . . 364

STRIGLINA, Guen. . Ho play %

ae decussata (Moore). os Sub-fam. EPIPASCHIANAE.

HODONEURA, Guen. . 80

: Sy | MEAGATEA Wilko *. A . 364

345. aurea (Butl.) ? geyeed | 371. bilineata (sp. n.) . . 364

; E. | 372, elegans (Butl.) . . 364

Bam i goede 373. scoparialis (sp. ey . 365

Sub-fam. CRAMBINAE. Srmrtctra, Led. . _ 365

CramBus, Fab. . wet avfave, |." a4. Olivalis, (sp. m.) "ts 868

346. virgatellus (sp. n.). . 353 | OrrHaca, WIk. . d . 3866

347. bivittellus (sp. n.). . 353 375. grisealis (sp. n.) . . 3866

= "Tineke (sp. n.) . . 804 | 376. euadrusalis (WIk.) . BbT

HILO, Zine . oo4 |

349, gensanellus (Leech) . 304 Sub-fam. ENDOTRICHINAE.

Sub-fam. SCHOENOBIINA E. Enporricua, Zell. . . 367

Leccura, South ans 377. icelusalis (WIk.) . 2) (aOe

350. sinuosalis (South). | 355 | 378. theonalis(WIk.) . . 368

ScHornosrus, Dup. "355 | 379. albicilia (Hmpsn.) . 368

351. costalis (Moore) . 355 ‘

var. parvalis (var. nov.) 355 Sub-fam. PYRALINAE.

352. bipunctifera(Wlk.) . 356 | Pyranis, Linn. . : . 369

- 380. nanalis (sp. n.) . . 369

Sub-fam. ANERASTIANAE. Hercunia, Wik. . : . 369

Hypsorropua, Zell. ; . 356 | 381. umbrosalis (sp. ny) . 369

353. bipunctella (sp. n.) . 356 | OryBIna, Wik. . esi)

Ponyocua, Zell... : . dof | 382. regalis (Leech) . pears AO

354. bifidella (sp. n.) . . 3857

355. venosella (sp. n.) . . 3857 Sub-fam. HYDROCAMPINAE,

EmMALocera, Rag. . 358 | y t

is YMPHULA, Schrank . Reef 0)

356. leucocinetus (W1k.) . 858 | “999° interruptalis (Pryer) . 370

Sub-fam. PHYCITIN AL. 384, vittalis (Brem.) . . 371

ee ee 258 385. fluctuosalis (Zell. ) eh ae

1357. trigonalis (sp. n.) . | 358 ou Lens ete) : F Bia

358. pauperculella (sp. n.) . 359 ee We ap ateseay é : BU

359. bitinctella (sp. n.) . 359 SGGs, naw li (s ‘n.) : : 78

360. intercisella (sp. n.) . 359 J eh coer Bo! alae a

: PARTHENODES, Guen. . | late

361. mancella (sp. n.) . . 360 389. bifurcalis (s ) 373

362. morosalis (Saalm.) is SUOMI eee neree sextet we GO |, (Lee

363. adelphella (Fisch nes 390. sutschana (Hmpsn.) . 374

Re Bll eekeate Mo Sub-fam. PYRAUSTINAE,

364. hilarella (Rag.) . . 861 | AcRoreRa, Schrank. - ol4

Dioryerria, Zell. . : -, wal 391. posticalis (sp. n.) . . 374

365. splendidella (Herr- Paeypa, W1k. . 3875

Schaff) . , 4. Jaol 392. ochrealis (sp. n. yee ads

406 Mr, A. E. Wajprran on New and Unrecorded Species

PAGE PAGE

Marasmia, Led. . 3876 | Circoxpotys, Butl. . 384

393. venilialis (Wik. yeu Bo Ya) 410. gensanalis (South) . 384

394. limbalis (sp. n.) . is Yd) 411. aurimargo (Warr.). . 384

SYNGAMIA, Guen. . SST PHLYCTAENODES, Guen. . . 384

395. brevifascialis (sp. ms) ee CHC 412. ochrealis (sp. n.) . . 384

PHRYGANODES, Guen. .. een 413. stictitalis (Linn.) . . 385

396. munitalis (sp. n.) . . 377 | Evercestis, Hiibn. ; . 385

Nacoueta, WIk._. 378 | 414. extimalis (Scop.) . . 385

397. pallidinotalis (Hmpsn.) 378 | Mecyna, Guen. . . 386

398. catenalis (sp. n.) . cies: 415. prunipennis (Butl. by . 386

399. maculalis (South) . . 3879 | Merasta, Guen. . . 386

400. Jophophoralis (Hmpsn.) 379 416. coniotalis (Hmpsn. ) i. S86

401. cyanealis See . 379 | Pronza, Guen. : . 387

Sytepra, Hiibn. . S380 1 SALT; stigmatalis (sp. n.) . “a8r

‘402. ovialis CWS) 5 = . 380 | 418. plagialis(sp.n.) . on

CERATARCHA, Swinh. . . 880 | 419. exigualis(sp.n.) . . 3888

403. umbrosa (Swinh.). . 3880 | 420. thyalis CW \ilais . 388

Lycropia, Led. . . 880 | 421. tritalis(Christ.) . . 388

404. euryclealis (W1k. ). . 880 | 422. prunalis (Schiff.) . . 389

GLYPHODES, Guen. . : . 3881 | Pyrausta, Schrank. ‘ . 389

405. albilunalis (sp. n.) . 381 | 423. andrewsalis(sp.n.) . 389

406. glauculalis (Guen. ) . 882 424.. cespitalis (Schiff.) . . 300

407. albifuscalis(Hmpsn.) . 382 | 425. cilialis(Hiibn.) . . 390

PotytTHurpra, Led.. : . 383 | 426. contigualis (South) » 1390

408. liquidalis (Leech) . 883 | 427. hyalodiscalis(Warr.) . 391

THLIPTOCERAS, Swinh. . . 3883

409. octoguttale (Feld.) . 383

SYSTEMATIC INDEX TO ADDENDA.

DAG PAGE

Fam. ARCTIADAE, Sub-fam. HADENINAE,

Sub-fam. ARCTIANAE. Genus Monima, Hiibn. . . 3894

Genus Can sronorps, Hiibn. . 391 | 10. constabilis (sp. n.) . . 394

1. koui (Miyake : ol aes

Genus pane sa Niibn. . +892 Oe ee

2, surianensis (Miyake) 392 | Genus Paragona, Staud, =. 395

3. moltrechti (Miyake) . 392 11. obliquisigna (Hmpsn.) . 395

4. lutea japonica (Roths.) . 392 | Genus ProtorpHota, Hmpsn.. 395

5. pseudolutea (Roths.) . 392 12. trigonifera(Hmpsn.) . 395

Sub-fam. LITHOSIAN AE.

Genus Prtosta, Hiibn. . 5 oe G ae ieee deta, ane

6. albicostata(Hmpsn.) . 392 ie cauiaeen, Aah ei 395

Genus InemMa, Hiibn. . 5 3883 ; ;

7. brevipennis (WIk.) 2308 Fam. GEOMETRIDAE.

8. vicaria (W1k.) ¢ . 393 Sub-fam. BOARMIANAE.

Fam. NOCTUIDAE. Genus Corymica, WIk. . . 3896

Sub-fam. HRASTRIANAE. 14. arnearia(Wlk.) . —._- 396

Genus Hyrosapa, Hmpsn. . 394 | Genus AcanTHOCAMPA, Dyar. 396

9. mesophaea (Piing.) . , 094 15, excavata (Dyar) . . 396

oe 7 uy y

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Lond.,1911, PL XXX,

Soc

int. &

TQaAMS J

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXX.

Fic.

ee en cl el el

COOHOABDARWNEOHODIBDMNP WY

bo bo

- ©

. Lycia tortuosa, sp. n. ¢, p. 310.

Boarmia interrwpta, sp. n., p. 313.

. Catocala rutha, sp. n., p. 239.

. Notodonta lativitta, sp. n., p. 292.

. Fentonia nihonica, sp. n., p. 286.

. Enispa (2) ornata, sp. n., p. 226.

. Pyrausta andrewsalis, sp. n., p. 389.

. Fentonia sordida, sp. n., p. 286.

. Stawropus bidentatus, sp. n., p. 287.

. Hypena pulverulenta, sp. n., p. 260.

. Demas wmbrosa, sp. n., p. 243.

. Gluphisia japonica, sp. n., p. 289.

. Huproctis aurata, sp. n., p. 272.

. Microleon (2) rubicundula, sp. n., p. 349.

. Phryganodes munitalis, sp. n., p. 377.

. Thalassodes infracta, sp. n., p. 342.

. Pagyda ochrealis, sp. n., p. 375.

. Proteostrenia pica, sp. n., p. 306.

. Moma champa ainu, var. n., p. 242.

. Palimpsestes undosa, sp. n., p. 282.

. Avitta puncta, sp. n., p. 251,

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

Eriopyga grandis bicolor, ab. n., p. 199.

Notodonta basilinea, sp. n., p. 292.

Palimpsestes basalis, sp. n., p. 282.

Ochrostigma japonica, sp. n., p. 285.

Dialithoptera stellata, sp. n., p. 193,

Trans. fint. Soc. Lond.,1911 PLXXXT.

yD ?

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXI,

. Psychostrophia melanargia albomaculata, ab. nov., p. 345.

. Coenocalpe stratata, sp. n., p. 323.

. Gangarides citrina, sp. n., p. 283.

. Euproctis cwrvata, sp. n., p. 271.

. Sebastosema (?) tripartita, sp. n., p. 305.

. Conistra ardescens purpurea, ab, nov., p. 204.

. Toxocampa stigmata, sp. n., p. 248.

. Lygranoa confusa, sp. n., p. 321.

. Cidaria illitata, sp. n., p. 324.

. Pionea (2) plagialis, sp. n., p. 387.

. Nodaria assimilata, sp. n., p. 256.

. Glyphodes albilunalis, sp. n., p. 381.

. Trachea (?) yoshinoensis, sp. n., p. 207.

. Corgatha yoshinoensis, sp. u., p. 228.

. Nodaria obliqua, sp. n., p. 255.

. Nodaria parallela, sp. n., p. 256.

. Hypena furva, sp. n., p. 262.

. Rivula curvilinea, sp. n., p. 269.

. Crambus virgatellus, sp. n., p. 353.

. Stericta olivalis, sp. n., p. 365.

. Nephopteryx trigonalis, sp. n., p. 358.

. Polyocha bifidella, sp. n., p. 357.

. Parthenodes bifurcalis, sp. n., p. 373.

. Proteostrenia atrata, sp. n., p. 306.

. Sinna extrema wnicolor, ab. nov., p. 237.

. Syntaracta hadassa wnicolor, ab. nov., p. 299.

. Lycia tortuosa, sp. n., p. 310.

. Boarmia pagina, sp. n., p. 314.

. Epione magnaria, sp. n., p. 305.

. Bleptina medialis, sp. n., p. 253.

of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. 407

PAGE AGE

Sub-fam. GEOMETRINAE. Fam. ZYGAENIDAE.

Genus PoEcILocHLORA, Warr. 397 Sub-fam. ZYGAENINAE.

16. lacerataria (Graeser) . 397 | Genus ILLIBERIS, WIK. . . 398

18. pruni (Dyar) . : . 398

Fam. PSYCHIDAE. a Aas ERG -

enus PyRaAusTA, Schrank. . 3

Sub-fam. OECETICINAE. 19, polygoni(Dyar) . . 398

Genus PacuyTEtia, Westw. . 397 | Genus Paaypa, Wlk. . . 398

17. asiatica (Staud.). . 397 | 20. quinquelinealis(Hering). 398

EXPLANATION OF PLATES XXX, XXXI.

[See Explanation facing the PLATES. ]

(Ge)

XVI. Bryocorina nonnulla acthiopica descripta, ab O. M.

RevuteER, Hon. F.E.S., e¢ B. Poppius, ewm tabula

colorata.

[Read February Ist, 1911.]

Prat XXX

PHYSOPHOROPTERA, Popp.

Popp. in Sjéstedt, Kilimandjaro, Meru, Exp., 12, Hem.

No. 4, p. 26.

Corpus sat oblongum, nitidum, inpunctatum, pilis destitutum.

Caput verticale, ab antico visum sat acuminatum, longitudine parum

latius, a supero visum longitudine circiter duplo lJatius, a latere

visum longitudine distincte altius, fronte a supero visa antice late

arcuata, clypeo sat prominente, a fronte distincte discreto, margine

antico modice arcuato, angulo faciali subrecto, genis altis, gula brevi.

Oculi sat magni, breviter pedunculati, fortiter prominentes. Rostrum —

coxas intermedias attingens, articulo primo brevissimo et crasso,

basin capitis haud attingente. Antennae articulis duobus primis

nitidis, pilis destitutis, duobus ultimis magis opacis, breviter adpres-

sim pilosis, articulo primo capite a supero viso duplo longiore, apice

sat fortiter clavato-incrassato, secundo nonnihil longiore, primo aeque

crasso, sed apice minus incrassato, articulis duobus ultimis fortiter

‘inerassatis, quarto tertio paullo crassiore et nonnihil breviore, tertio

primo breviore. Pronotum fortiter convexum, apicem versus fortiter

declive, longitudine nonnihil latius, strictura apicali lata, margine

basali margine apicali multo latiore, medio late sinuato, lateribus

leviter rotundatis, callis obsoletissime discretis, minutissimis, planis.

Scutellum structura variabile, sed semper altissime inflatum. Hemi-

elytra abdomine longiora, ante basin cunei in umbonem altum buccata,

embolio angustissimo, cuneo a corio obsolete discreto, membrana

obscura, areola sat elongata, angulo interiore apicali nonnihil rotun-

dato. Alae hamo destitutae. Mesosternum longum, convexum.

Metastethium orificiis haud discretis. Segmentum secundum

genitale feminae apice constrictum. Pedes sat longi, femoribus apice

incrassatis, tibiis et tarsis breviter pilosis, pilis sub angulo acuto

exsertis, articulo primo sat incrassato, reliquis simul sumtis aeque

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IL. (OCT.)

Bryocorina nonnulla aethiopica descripta. 409

longo, secundo tertio breviore, hoc apice incrassato, aroliis unguicu-

lorum latis, iis parallelis et ad partem cum iis connexis, unguiculis

basi dente instructis.

Typus: Ph. mirabilis, Popp., /. ¢., p. 27.

(Plate XXXII, fig. 1.)

PHYSOPHOROPTERA DENTICOLLIS, 0. sp.

(Plate XXXII, fig. 2.)

Flava, capite postice nigro-fusco, pronoto, parte antica excepta,

scutelloque rubris, apice extremo angulorum posticorum pronoti,

spina scutelli, macula basali clavi, macula adjacente corii umboneque

apicali ejusdem, apice cunei abdominisque, nee non extremo apice

rostri nigris; membrana fusco-nigra, venis fuscis ; abdomine superne

apice rubro. (Antennae pedesque mutilati.)

Caput fere ut in Ph. mirabili constructum, sed multo majus et

praecipue latius, oculis multo majoribus et fortius prominentibus,

fronte profundius suleata. Pronotum pone medium ad marginem

posticum callorum constrictum, his obsoletis et cum strictura apical

indistincta confluentibus, parte postica sat convexa, versus apicem

fortissime declivi, basi medio elevatione parva instructa, utrinque

fortissime tumido-elevata, angulis basalibus fortiter et longe pro-

ductis, antrorsum arcuatis, acutis, lateribus igitur basin versus

sinuatis, margine basali (usque in angulos) margine apicali magis

quam duplo latiore, longitudine disci circiter } latiore. Scutellum

fortiter inflatum, scutello Ph. mirabilis tamen humilius, ab antico

visum lateribus haud constrictum, a latere visu margine postico

leviter sinuato, superne antice spina antrorsum vergente, sat crassa,

vix curvata, obtuse acuminata, hac spina circiter medio ramum aeque

longum, sursum et leviter antrorsum vergentem, acuminatum emit-

tente, lateribus antice circiter usque ad medium fortiter marginatis.

Long. 7, lat. 2,; mm.

Species structura insigni pronoti et scutelli excellens.

Patria: Konco, Landana, D. P. Klein, 1875, mas muti-

latus (Mus. Paris).

LYCIDOCORIS, n. gen.

Corpus oblongum, retrorsum leviter ampliatum, leviter nitidum,

thorace remote, hemielytris sat adpressim, modice longe, dense flavo-

pilosis, pilis capitis partisque anterioris pronoti obscuris, Caput for-

titer nitidum, verticale, pone oculos in collum breve constrictum, ab

410 O. ES et B. Poppius,

antico visum longitudine paullo latius, a latere visum altitudini aeque

longum, fronte fortiter convexa, a supero visa antice late arcuata et

parum prominente, clypeo sat prominente, a fronte distincte discreto,

a latere viso parallelo, angulo faciali subrecto, genis modice altis, gula

sat longa. Oculi magni, prominentes, laeves. Rostrum crassum,

apicem coxarum anticarum subattingens, articulo primo medium gulae

vix attingente. Antennae infra medium marginis antici oculorum

insertae, crassae, sat breves, sat remote nigro-pilosae, articulo primo

reliquis paullo longius piloso, modice incrassato, latitudini frontis

oculique unici circiter aeque longo, secundo primo multo longiore,

apicem versus sensim incrassato et apice primo aeque crasso, tertio

secundo breviore, sat fusiformi, primo paullo crassiore, quarto bre-

vissimo, primo breviore, fusiformi et reliquis multo graciliore. Pro-

nottum margine basali longitudine mediana disci sat latiore et margine

apicali multo latiore, medio late sinuato, angulis posticis rotundatis,

basi intra ilos leviter longitudinaliter impressa, lateribus rectis,

disco leviter convexo, nonnihil declivi, dense et fortiter punctato,

ceallis nitidis, laevibus, bene deternminatis, planis, medio confluenti-

bus, externe latera attingentibus, strictura apicali lata, bene discreta,

nonnihil rugolosa. Scutellum latitudine nonnihil longius, planum,

ut pronotum punctatum. Hemielytra abdomen superantia, dense

et quam pronotum subtilius rugoso-punctata, embolio angusto,

membrana obscura, subvenoso-strigata, areola elongato-triangulari,

angulo apicali interiore fere recto. Alae obscurae, nigro-fuscae,

areola hamo destituta. Corpus inferne fortiter nitidum, inpunc-

tatum, solum propleuris ut pronotum punctatis. “Mesosternum

longum, convexum. Metastethium orificiis haud discretis. Meta-

pleura angulo apicali exteriore retrorsum acuminato-producto,

Pedes longissime dense pilosi, pilis exsertis, femoribus haud incras-

satis, tarsis articulo primo secundo fere duplo longiore, duobus primis

simul sumtis tertio nonnihil brevioribus, hoc apicem versus dilatato,

aroliis latis, usque a basi fortiter divergentibus, unguiculis dente

basali destitutis.

Genus structura insigni antennarum mox distinguendum.

Typus: L. mimeticus, n. sp.

LYCIDOCORIS MIMETICUS, n. sp.

(Plate XXXII, fig. 3.)

Rufescenti-ochraceus, capite nigro, antice infra insertionem anten

narum, lateribus pone oculos, raro etiam fronte rufescenti-ochraceis,

vitta longitudinali mediana pronoti usque in apicem scutelli pro-

ducta, sutura clavi angustissime, cuneo toto vel solum apice, mem-

Bryocorina nonnulla aethiopica descripta. 411

brana, corpore inferne, rostro, antennis pedibusque nigris, prosterno,

medio metasterni, lateribus metastethii abdomineque rufis, apice

hujus nigro; articulo primo, tarsorum unguiculisque vel tarsis totis

testaceis vel fusco-testaceis.

Frons maris et feminae diametro oculi paullo minus quam duplo

latior. Antennae maris quam feminae nonnihil robustiores, articulo

secundo primo duplo et tertio 4 longiore. Pronotum margine basali

capite cum oculis circiter duplo et longitudine mediana disci sui 4

nec non margine apicali paullo magis quam duplo latiore.

Long. 9-12,, mm., lat. 3-4 mm.

Patria: ToGo, Bismarcksburg, m. julii—sept. 1890, juni

et julii 1891, D. R. Biittner, m. martii, oct. 1893, D. L.

Conradt, specimina numerosa (Mus. Berol., Paris et Hel-

singf.); KameruN, D. L.. Conradt (Mus. Berol.); Ora

GUINEAE Eporis: San Pedro, D. G. Thoiré (Mus. Paris) ;

TANGANYIKA ORIENTALIS: Kwa Mtau Uvinsa, d. 26-29

oct. 1899, D. Glauning (Mus. Berol.).

Haec species colore staturaque speciebus quibusdam

aethiopicis familiae coleopterorum Lycidae, praecipue

generis Lycus simillima est.

ODONIELLA, Hagl.

Hagl., Ofv. Svensk. Vet. Ak. Forh., 1895, No. 7, p. 468.

Se Rewt, Ofv. Finsk. Vet. Soc. Forh., xlvii, 1904-1905,

Nos, 10. ps, 2;

Corpus sat latum. Caput parvum, a supero et antico visum longi-

tudine multo latius, a latere visum longitudine multo altius, nitidum,

inpunctatum, pone oculos magis minusve constrictum, fronte verti-

cali, a supero visa antice latissime et brevissime prominente, clypeo

modice prominente, a fronte discreto, a latere viso subparallelo,

angulo faciali acutiusculo, genis parum altis, gula brevi. Oculi sat

parvi, a margine basali capitis distantes, laeves, fortiter subpeduncu-

lato-prominentes. Rostrum apicem coxarum anticarum superans,

articulo primo incrassato, basin capitis attingente. Antennae paul-

lulum ante medium marginis anterioris oculorum insertae, articulo

primo pilis nonnullis instructo, reliquis dense sat breviter pilosis,

pilis sub angulo acuto exsertis, articulo primo brevissimo, capite

circiter dimidio breviore, fortiter incrassato, secundo primo multo

longiore et hoc graciliore, apicem versus sensim leviter incrassato,

tertio secundo breviore, etiam apicem versus sensim sed fortius

incrassato et apice primo circiter aeque crasso (art. quartus speci-

412 O. M. Reuter, e¢ B. Poppius,

minum omnium a nobis examinatorum mutilatus), Pronotum et

seutellum pilis sparsis, tenuibus, facile divellendis vestita, dense

fortiterque impresso-punctata. Pronotum margine basali longitu-

dine mediana, ut etiam margine anteriore multo latiore, medio

sinuato, strictura apicali sat lata, laevi, callis medio distantibus,

optime determinatis, planis et laevibus, lateribus a strictura sensim

divergentibus et arcuatis, ante medium nonnihil constrictis et dein

fortius divergentibus et arcuatis, lobum posticum sub-semi-circularem

terminantibus, hoc lobo disco magis minusve convexo, apicem versus

sat fortiter declivi, latera versus explanato et lateribus marginato.

Scutellum fortiter inflatum, postice late rotundatum. Hemielytra

abdomen superantia, obsoletissime punctata, breviter pallide pube-

scentia, embolio angusto, apicem versus haud vel parum dilatato,

cuneo latitudine longiore, membrana areola magis minusve producta.

Corpus inferne laeve et nitidum, solum propleuris punctatis. Meta-

stethium orificiis obsoletis. Metapleura angulo apicali exteriore sat

longe acuminato-producto. Pedes breves, sub angulo acuto pilosi,

articulo ultimo tarsorum apice vix incrassato, aroliis unguiculorum

latis, usque a basi fortiter divergentibus.

Typus: O. reuteri, Hagl., 1. ¢.

A gencre Lhopaliceschatus, Reut., oculis in genas longius

extensis, genis parum alltis, antennis mox ante medium

marginis anterioris oculi insertis distinguendum.

ODONIELLA APICALIS, n. sp.

(Plate XXXII, fig. 4.)

Rubra, membrana lutescente, parum hyalina, oculis, apice mem-

branae apiceque extremo articuli ultimi tarsorum nigro-fuscis,

Vertex diametro oculi triplo latior, suleo mediano longitudinali

tenuissimo et obsoleto instructus. Rostrum apicem prosterni non-

nihil superans. Antennae articulo primo apicem clypei subattingente.

Pronotum margine basali longitudine mediana disci paullo magis

quam $ et margine apicali paullo minus quam quadruplo latiore.

Membrana areola sat angusta, apicem cunei superante, angulo apicali

interiore acuminato.

Long. 8-9 mm., lat. 3-3,, mm.

Ab. 0. rubra, Reut., corpore magis oblongo, colore pallide

lateritio nec sanguineo, pronoto minus profunde impresso-

punctato, scutello minus alte inflato corioque innotato

divergens,

Bryocorina nonnulla acthiopica deseripta. 413

Patria: Toco, Bismarcksburg, m, junii 1891, D. R.

Bittner, d. 27 junii—8 julii 1893, D. L. Conradt (Mus.

Berol.).

CHAMUS, Dist.

Dist., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser, 7, xiii, 1904, p. 197.

Corpus oblongo-ovatum, sat nitidum, longe remote pallido-pilosum.

Caput verticale, a supero visum longitudine paullo latius, antice

latissimum, postice angustatum, lateribus a basi ad paullo ante

medium parallelis, transversim strigosis, ab antico visum longitudine

multo latius, a latere visum altitudine longius, vertice ad marginem

anticum impressione triangulari instructo, fronte fere sub angulo recto

declivi, antice spina mediana aliaque utrinque supra insertionem

antennarum armata, hac spina apicem versus sursum et extrorsum

rectangulariter curvata, vertice postice elevationibus duabus plani-

usculis, clypeo fortiter prominente, a fronte obsolete discreto, a latere

viso subparallelo, angulo faciali leviter acutiusculo, genis sat parvis,

gula longa, horizontali. Oculi a basi capitis longe remoti, ad

marginem apicalem capitis a supero visi appropinquati, valde

prominentes, modice magni, subtiliter granulati. Rostrum breve,

sat crassum, coxas anticas attingens. Antennae mox infra medium

marginis anterioris oculorum in scapulo parvo insertae, articulo

primo fortiter incrassato, mox ante medium crassissimo, margine

interiore convexo, exteriore subrecto, pilis longis exsertis dense

piloso vel subsetoso, articulis reliquis sat gracilibus, pilis longis

tenuibus subexsertis dense pilosis et pilis aliis subsetiformibus

longissimis exsertis hic illic instructis, articulo primo capite

longiore, secundo primo multo longiore, tertio secundo breviore

et quarto fere duplo longiore. Pronotum margine basali capite

paullo margineque suo apicali multo latiore, longitudine mediana

disci vix longiore, subrecte truncato, utrinque leviter impresso, *

lateribus paullo pone medium leviter sinuatis dein late rotundatis,

disco paullo pone medium transversim fortiter impresso lobo

basali sat convexo, apicem versus modice declivi, praecipue lateribus

sat fortiter granulato, callis medio late distantibus, versus latera

extensis, leviter convexis, strictura apicali gracili. Scutellum

longitudine latius, basi leviter impressum. Hemielytra abdomen

longe superantia, basi clavi et corii, venis apiceque corii, nec non

cuneo praecipue basi granulatis, corio margine externo medio late

sinuato, medio pellucido, apicem versus dilatato, embolio lato, cuneo

latissimo, magno, corio vix % breviore, membrana areola angulo

apicali interiore acuto. Alae areola hamo destituta. Mesosternum

sat longum. Pedes modice longi, pilis longis, exsertis, sat dense

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IL (OCT.) EE

414, O. M. Reuter, e¢ B. Poppius,

pilosi, femoribus Pctissciis tarsis articulis duobus primis

brevibus, longitudine aequalibus, simul sumtis tertio distincte

brevioribus, hoc apice leviter dilatato, aroliis cum unguiculis

connexis, his dente basali destitutis.

Genus structura capitis et antennarum a_ reliquis

distinctissimum.

Typus: Ch. wealei, Dist., J. ¢.

CHAMUS INCERTUS, n. sp.

(Plate XXXII, fig. 5.)

Capite castaneo-rufo, lateribus castaneis ; pronoto rubro, lateribus

late castaneis, linea angusta longitudinali basique medio flavescen-

tibus ; scutello, basi clavi et corii margineque hujus apicali late, nec

non embolio, parte media semi-pellucida excepta, castaneis, macula

mediana clavi et corii flava, apice clavi, granulis venisque corii, basi

cunei interne venisque membranae rubris, ceteris partibus cunei

mempbranaque flavo-pellucidis, hae medio vitta lata obscure griseo-

fumata ; antennis articulo primo rubro ; articulo secundo anten-

narum (ultimi desunt), rostro, pedibus corporeque inferne flavis,

mesosterno rufescente.

Caput (9) vertice diametro oculi circiter duplo latiore, spina

apicali lateralibus breviore, recta, vix sursum curvata, spinis later-

alibus ante apicem angulato-curvatis. Antennae articulo secundo

primo vix magis quam duplo longiore. Pronotum margine basali

capite duplo et margine apicali circiter triplo latiore.

Long. 7 mm., lat. 3 mm.

Ch. wealei, Dist., valde affinis videtur, cum descriptione tamen

haud in omnibus congruit : color nonnihil divergens, spina mediana

capitis lateralibus brevior et recta, sursum vix curvata, etiam clavus

granulatus ; a Ch. mefistone colore, spina capitis mediana longiore

articuloque secundo antennarum breviore distinguendus.

Patria: Pinetown, Ertl, 1 9 (Mus. Vindob.).

CHAMUS MEFISTO, 2. sp.

(Plate XXXII, fig. 6.)

Ruber, lateribus pronoti, scutello, basi clavi et corii apiceque

hujus obscurioribus, articulis secundo et tertio antennarum (quartus

deest), macula mediana clavi, macula magna mediana cori, hae apicem

versus angustata, maculisque duabus minoribus pone medium

(maculis omnibus laevibus et nitidis), corpore inferne, rostro pedi-

busque flavis; pronoto medio flavescenti-rubro, embolio medio

Bryocorina nonnulla aethiopica descripta. 415

hyalinescente, cuneo sat pellucido, dilute flavescente, basi rubro ;

membrana flavescenti-pellucida, medio vitta griseo-fumata, venis

rubris ; mesosterno flavescenti-rubro.

Caput (2) vertice diametro oculi magis quam duplo latiore, spina

mediana brevissima, recta, sursum haud curvata, spinis lateralibus

longis, apicem versus angulato-curvatis. Antennae articulo secundo

primo paullo magis quam duplo et tertio circiter 3 longiore. Pro-

notum margine basali capite vix } et margine apicali circiter triplo

latiore. Clavus apice granulis parcius adsperso.

Long. 7,, mm., lat. 3,5 mm.

Ch. wealei, Dist., affinis, colore divergente structuraque spinae

medianae capitis antennarumque distinguendus.

Patria: AFRICA OCCIDENTALIS, Togo, D. Kling, 1 2

(Mus. Berol.).

CHAMOPSIS, n. gen.

Corpus oblongo ovale, opacum, capite, pronoto scutelloque sat

longe pallido-pilosis, hemielytris brevius adpressim pallido-pilosis,

Caput antice sat dilatatum, fere ut in genere Chamus Dist. con-

structum, a supero vistm longitudine latius, ab antico visum longi-

tudine distincte latius, a latere visum altitudini circiter aeque longum,

vertice et fronte sulco tenui longitudinali instructis, illo sulco

tenuissimo transversali, hac antice spinulis tribus verticalibus

armata, quarum ut in Chamo una mediana apicali unaque utrinque

supra insertionem antennarum, clypeo modice prominente, a fronte

distincte discreto, a latere viso subparallelo, angulo faciali leviter

acutiusculo, genis sat parvis, gula modice longa. Oculi a_ basi

capitis longe remoti, parum magni, prominentes, in genas parum

extensi, Rostrum modice incrassatum, coxas anticas paullo superans,

articulo primo usque ad marginem basalem capitis haud extenso.

Antennae ut in Chamo insertae, articulo primo valde robusto, ante

medium crassissimo, capite longiore, dense et sat fortiter granuloso,

dense et longe exserte piloso, articulis reliquis modice gracilibus,

omnibus crassitie subaequalibus, secundo primo multo et tertio sat

longiore, quarto primo paullo breviore, duobus ultimis parcius

exserte pilosis. Pronotum capite multo latius, strictura apicali

solum utrinque ad latera discreta, lateribus leviter sinuatis, subti-

liter crenulatis, margine basali subrecte truncato, soium versus

latera rotundato, intra angulos posticos leviter impresso, disco cum

callis et strictura apicali, his tamen obsoletius, dense et in lobo

postico fortiter granuloso, pone medium fortiter impresso, callis sat

convexis, bene discretis, medio late distantibus, usque in latera

extensis, lobo postico fortiter convexo, versus apicem sat declivi.

EE2

416 Bryocorina nonnulla caethiopica descripta.

Scutellum planum, latitudini aeque longum, disco longitrorsum

impressum. Hemielytra abdomine multo longiora, clavo et corio

sat dense subtiliter granulatis, cuneo obsolete granulato, corio

externe ante medium leviter sinuato, versus apicem nonnihil

dilatato, embolio modice angusto, toto coriaceo, margine exteriore

subtiliter crenulato, cuneo magno, latitudine paullo longiore,

membrana areola modice angusta, angulo hujus apicali interiore

acuminato. Alae areola hamo destituta. Mesosternum longum.

Pedes modice longi, femoribus haud incrassatis, tibiis pilis longis

semi-exsertis pilosis, tarsis articulo primo secundo nonnihil longiore,

tertio his simul sumtis parum longiore, apice leviter dilatato, aroliis

latis, cum unguiculis connexis, his dente basali instructis.

Generi OChamus, Dist., proxima, corpore opaco, dense granuloso,

pilositate antennarum et pedum structuraque illarum, nec non

embolio toto coriaceo divergens.

Typus: Ch. conradti, n. sp.

CHAMOPSIS CONRADTI, h. sp.

(Plate XXXII, fig. 7.)

Fusco-testacea, pronoto medio, scutello, embolio, cuneo, corpore

inferne medio, rostro, articulo secundo antennarum pedibusque

flavis, membrana griseo-fusca, lateribus flavescente ; venis mem-

branae, margine interiore cunei, apice articuli secundi antennarum

articulisque duobus ultimis rubris, articulo primo antennarum

castaneo-rubro.

Caput (2) vertice diametro oculi fere triplo latiore, spina apicali

frontis lateralibus solum paullulum breviore, his versus apicem

leviter extrorsum curvatis. Antennae articulo primo eapiti partique

apicali pronoti usque ad marginem apicalem callorum longitudine

subaequali, secundo primo paullo magis quam duplo et tertio paullo

minus quam duplo longiore. Pronotum margine basali capite

circiter duplo et margine apicali pronoti paullo minus quam triplo

latiore.

Long. 6 mm., lat. 2,, mm.

Patria: KAMERUN, Zoh.-Alberts Hohe, d. 25 jan. 1899,

D. Conradt, 1 2 (Mus. Berol.).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXII.

[See Hxplanation facing the PLATtE.]

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXII.

la. Physophoroptera mirabilis, Popp, p. 409.

1b. Physophoroptera mirabilis, profile, p. 409.

2a. Physophoroptera denticollis, n. sp., p. 409.

3. Lycidocoris mimeticus, n. sp., p. 410.

4, Odoniella apicalis, n. sp., p. 412.

5. Chamus incertus, n. sp., p. 414.

6. Chamus mefisto, n. sp., p. 414.

7. Chamopsis conradti, n. sp., p. 416.

Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911. Plate XXXII.

~<a

André & Sleigh, Lid,

New SPECIES OF BRYOCORINA.

Cana)

XVII. A factor in the production of mutual resemblance

in allied species of Butterflies: a presumed

Millerian combination of Euploeas in South

India and Amauris wm South Africa. By

LIEUT.-COLONEL N. MAnpDERS, F.ZS., F.E.S.

[Read February 1st, 1911. |

Iv may be in the recollection of some of the Fellows of

the Society that shortly after the appearance of Mr. J.C.

Moulton’s paper in our Transactions in 1908 * I expressed

the opinion in a letter to Mr. Tutt that some cause

other than the experimental attacks of young birds

produced the very remarkable similarity which is so

noticeable among the three species of Huploea inhabiting

South India, and which Mr. Moulton describes and figures

as a Miillerian combination.

In the absence of Mr. Moulton, Professor Poulton replied

to my criticisms, and I have hitherto reframed from

further discussion in the hope that I might have an

opportunity of proceeding to Southern India to study these

insects in their native haunts, and ascertain whether there

was any substantial reason for upholding Mr. Moulton’s

view or my own. I have had the good fortune lately to

spend three months in different parts of that country

where these insects occur, and I venture, therefore, to

express the conclusions to which I have come.

It is nct my purpose to discuss the whole Miillerian

theory, this I hope to do when my tour of foreign service

is over; but I may say that my observations and experi-

ments on birds in the wild state do not support the

opinion largely held by entomologists that Danaines and

Euploeines are practically free from the attacks of birds ;

so far as my experience goes at present they are as liable

* “On some of the principal Mimetic (Miillerian) Combinations

of Tropical American Butterflies.” Sub-section “ Certain Miillerian

Combinations among the Danainae of the Old World,” p. 603,

pl xxxiv.

TRANS, ENT, SOC, LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.)

418 Lieut.-ColongygN. Manders on a factor in the

to’ be seized and eaten by a hungry bird or lizard as other

species of butterfly.

A Miillerian combination hypothesises that a number of

evil-tasting butterflies, in this case three, were originally

sufficiently dissimilar as to necessitate a young bird tasting

acertain number of each in order to ascertain their

inedibility or otherwise, and with a view to reducing the

mortality thus caused these more or less dissimilar butter-

flies formed a pattern common to all, thus making a group

or combination. ‘There is no proof, as far as I know, that

these South Indian butterflies have acted in this manner,

and, as I shall show, one of them at any rate is over a

large area of its distribution entirely isolated, not only

from the other two, but from all other Huploeas, and at the

same time it is in no way different from them, and there-

fore the evidence is against a departure from dissimilar

ancestral types.

In the absence of any proof of experimental tasting on

the part of young birds so far as the South Indian species

of Huploea are concerned, it is, I think, advisable before

accepting such asa Miillerian combination to study the

geographical distribution of the butterflies in question to

ascertain whether this throws any light on the subject.

Before dealing with each species in detail I may say that

the three in question, viz. #. core, HE. coreta and £. kollari

occur also in Ceylon as geographical races, and as such

have received the names J. asela, montana and sinhala

respectively, but to avoid confusion I shall refer to them

under their continental names; and as JZ, kollari is itself

a geographical race of H. klugii (fide de Nicéville) I shall

use this name in connection with it.

No detailed description of these insects is necessary, as

they have been figured by Mr. Moulton and by Mr. Moore

in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society. I need only

say that typically they are brown butterflies with a sub-

marginal row of white spots on the fore and hind wing.

As the distribution of Z. coreta is the most simple I will

give it first. It extends from about the latitude of Bom-

bay southwards to Ceylon. It is found on both sides of

the Western Ghats and also on the sea coast; it is very

seldom met with above 6,000 ft., and is perhaps most

common at 1,200 ft.; though very abundant where it

occurs it is decidedly local and is very frequently accom-

panied by the ubiquitous #. core. It is, as figured by

production of resemblance in allied species of Butterflies. 419

Mr. Moulton, a butterfly with medium sized white spots

on both wings, but in some specimens these are much

smaller than in others. In Ceylon these white spots

either disappear altogether on the forewing or are repre-

sented by obsolescent brownish markings rather paler

than in the rest of the wing, but typical #. coreta is never

found. In order to avoid repetition I may say that the

other two species, likewise in Ceylon, lose their conspicuous

white spots, these being replaced by pale brownish. We

must assume that if the South Indian Hwploeas are a

Miillerian combination so also are their relations in the

neighbouring island. Huploea core is by far the most

abundant and widely distributed of the three. It is found

in Ceylon and all over India, occurring even in the hottest

and driest portions of the plains. In South India it

closely resembles KH. coreta, and like it in some specimens

the spots are much smaller than in others. We find them

increasing in size the further north we go, until in the

North-West Himalayas they become so large that the

insect was described by Butler as a distinct species, to

which he gave the name #. vermiculata. Many years ago

the late Mr. de Nicéville wrote as follows regarding this

supposed species: “The Z. core of North India approaches

the #. vernviculata type in precisely the same way as the

E. core of extreme South India approaches the JL. asela

(Ceylon) type . . . the type (vermiculata) is not constant

even in the same locality. In a large series collected at

Naiashahr in the Saharanpur district by Mrs. Deane, there

were several specimens of typical #. vermiculata male

and female, several of typical #. core, and numerous

intermediate forms.*

It is in this part of its distribution, as well as in the

plains of the Punjab that Z. core is the only Huploca found.

It is completely isolated from other members of the group,

and we can assume in the absence of evidence to the

* T saw a typical H. vermiculata in the collection in the Coimbat-

ore Museum, and on writing to the captor for information about it

Mr. Hearsey, of the Indian Forest Department, writes,“ #.vermiculata

was captured by me March or April (cold weather, N. M.) 1899 in the

Cuddapa District (Madras Presidency, N. M.) on the top of a detached

hill known as Lanka-Malai at an elevation of about 3,000 ft., and I

came across several more of them in the same locality, the only one

with me being retained as a ‘Sport.’” The form will evidently

occur where the climatic conditions are favourable.

420 Licut.-Colon gig: Manders on a factor in the

contrary that it still represents without any considerable

modification the ancestral type.

The distribution of the third species, #. klugii, is some-

what peculiar, but its head-quarters is undoubtedly Assam.

Thence eastwards it passes through Burma and Tenasserim

to the Malay Peninsula, where there is no occasion to

follow it, but westwards it occurs in Bhutan, Sikkim, Bengal,

Maldah, and in the Madras Presidency in Ganjam, Godaveri

and in the Gunter District south of the Kistna, not at all

on the eastern side of the Western Ghats, but somewhat

scarce and local on the western side, and thence to the

hill districts of Ceylon, where it is decidedly scarce

and local.

In coloration it is very variable; in Ceylon, as I have

said, it is like the former two, and in South India it likewise

resembles them. As we trace its distribution north-east-

wards through Maldah to Sikkim and Assam, the butterfly

assumes more or less a blue gloss on the forewing, and to

quote de Nicéville,* “in some parts of Bengal (Maldah) and

in Sikkim specimens are met with entirely unglossed, or

partly glossed with blue towards the base of the wing, while

in Assam, Arakan and Peeu the whole of the forewing is

usually most richly blue glossed. This phenomenon may

be due to mimicry, as in the Khasia Hills of Assam, where

Pademmas (to which subgenus of Huploea, klugii belongs,

N. M.) are individually most numerous. 2. midanvus (now

known as JV. mulciber, N. M.) is also exceedingly common,

and the Pademmas probably mimic it or some other blue

glossed species. The only thing to be said against this

theory is that in Maldah, where many specimens are most

distinctly glossed with blue, there are no other blue

EHuploeas which these Pademmas could mimic; the occur-

rence of these latter in Maldah may, however, be due to im-

migration.” J am confident, however, that Mr. de Nicéville

would not have held or put forward this latter suggestion

if he had been aware that a local form of Huploea muleiber

(kalinga, Doherty) occurs not uncommonly as far south

as the right bank of the Kistna, in the Madras Presidency,

and where #. klugii is by no means rare; and if this

was a case of mimicry £. klugii should here be blue

glossed, but on the contrary it is always brown, and an

* “Note on the Indian Butterflies comprised in the subgenus

Pademma of the Euploea,” by L. de Nicéyille, Jowrnal Asiatic Society

of Bengal, 1892, pl. ii, p. 237.

production of resemblance in allied species of Butterflies. 421

unobserved immigration over such an immensearea is highly

improbable.

It is now many years ago since he, either in a letter or

in conversation, remarked to me that a butterfly with a deep

blue-glossed wing is almost a sure indication of a habitat

of deep jungle, great moisture and intense heat, and I have

no doubt that in very many instances he is correct. In

such a climate as the above, in the Khasia Hills, Assam,

where the rainfall sometimes exceeds three hundred inches,

the blue gloss on this otherwise brown butterfly is induced ;

in Maldah, where the country is more open, the rainfall less

heavy but still abundant, and the heat very great, the blue

gradually disappears ; in Ceylon, where the climate varies

again in the direction of lesser heat and rainfall, the

blue entirely disappears, but the heat and rainfall are

sufficiently great to prevent the spots, now deprived of their

blue, from becoming conspicuous. On the western side of

the Ghats m South India neither the heat, rainfall nor

moisture is so great as in Ceylon, and consequently the spots

on both fore and hind wing become white and prominent.

This applies equally to the case of the more restricted

E. coreta. In £. core the same applies, but in the Punjab

with its scanty rainfall, dry heat and absence of forest, and

in the lower ranges of the N.W. Himalayas, where there

are several degrees of frost in the cold weather, the white

spots become large and prominent, giving the insect a

well-marked and distinctive appearance.

That climate is the main factor in the production of

this so-called Miillerian combination can be further

demonstrated experimentally, for if we take the newly-

formed pupa of the Ceylon form of £. cove, which, as I have

said, never has pure white spots on the forewing, and

subject it to the same climatic conditions as obtain in the

Nilgiris, we can produce a butterfly indistinguishable from

certain Nilgiri specimens. Want of material has up to

the present prevented me from experimenting with the

pupae of the two other species, but I have no doubt they

would follow the same lines.

I now turn to the discussion of a Miillerian combination

of Danaines (Amauris) in South Africa. It is to be found

in a paper by Mr. 8S. A. Neave in our Transactions for

1906, entitled “Some bionomic notes on Butterflies from

the Victoria Nyanza,” under the sub-heading “ Association

of Amauris echeria jacksoni, Sharp, and A. albimaculata,

422 Tesh a N. Manders on a factor in the

Butler, with A. psyttalea, f. damoclides, Staud.” Mr. Neave

writes as follows: “On examining a large series of both

Amauris echeria and A. albimaculata, which, as Messrs.

Rothschild and Jordan have recently pointed out, are

clearly distinct species, I was much struck with the

difference between the Victoria Nyanza specimens and

those from South Africa. The echeria specimens have

long since been described by Miss Sharp as A. jacksoni,

a distinct species, but are doubtless not more than a

geographical race of A. echeria. The albimaculata speci-

mens are extremely like if not identical with A. hanning-

tont of Butler, which is also only a form of albimaculata.

I shall endeavour to show that both these forms differ

from typical South African ones in a commen direction,

and that these differences are due to the presence of A.

psyttalea, bringing all three species into a clearly marked

synaposematic group.” His argument given as briefly

as possible is as follows: This resemblance of E. echeria

and A. albimaculata to their model, A. psyttalea, is mainly

brought about by a gradual enlargement of a spot in the

discoidal cell of the forewing, which is at its smallest in

specimens south of the Limpopo and gradually increases

northwards until in the neighbourhood of the Victoria

Nyanza, where the two species come under the influence of

the larger-spotted A. psyttalea it reaches 1ts maximum

development, the three species thus forming a Miillerian

combination or synaposematic group. He gives a table of

measurements showing the average length and breadth of

the discoidal spots in these two species in their various

areas of distribution, but as they are so similar it is only

necessary to refer to one. I find that in A. echeria south

of the Limpopo the average length is 2:26 mm. and

breadth 1:13 mm., east and north-east of the Victoria

Nyanza, where it reaches its maximum, the length is

4049 mm. and breadth 15525 mm. It would seem,

therefore, that the struggle for existence among these

three species, owing to the experimental attacks of young

birds, has been so oreat as to necessitate for their mutual

protection an increase in size in the discoidal spot in the

forewing of two of these of 1°789 mm. in length and

*395 mm. in breadth. If this should indeed be the case

we can agree with Mr. Neave’s conclusion that * “this

* This conclusion has been accepted by Professor Poulton, Essays

on Evolution, p. 335.

production of resemblance in allied species of Butterflies, 423

clear influence that the presence of one species has had

upon two other closely allied ones (all being highly

distasteful) seems to be one of the most striking examples

of Miillerian mimicry that is possible to imagine.”

Before we accept this we may ask, what evidence is

there for assuming that these butterflies have differed

in any marked manner from their ancestral types? what

evidence clear and satisfactory, 7.e. by observations in the

field, has been brought forward to support the view that

these butterflies are “highly distasteful”? and what

observations have been made in these regions on the

tasting habits of young birds? If they have been suffici-

ently vigorous to cause the enlargement of a spot by the

diameter of a pin’s head, such should not be entirely

unknown to entomologists resident or even travelling

through those countries, more particularly when we

remember that many insectivorous birds in South Africa

nest twice in the year. But these questions are common

to every case of Miillerian mimicry, which I do not wish

to discuss generally in this paper.

One objection may be raised to Mr. Neave’s views, and

that is that these spots begin to increase in size in British

East Africa, where he tells us the model A. psyttalea is not

very abundant,* and it is difficult to understand how or

why the two abundant butterflies, echeria and albimaculata,

should take as their model one scarcer or not more

common than themselves; one would rather suppose the

reverse would be the case.

I am inclined to the view that this is an analogous case

to that of the Huplocas, and that a denser rainfall and

hotter climate is the cause of the small spotted and more

heavily marked races of these species of Amauwris. Un-

fortunately we are not in possession of sufficient meteoro-

logical data to enable us to come to a definite decision,

and the difficulties are increased by the enormous areas

inhabited by these butterflies; but speaking generally the

country round the Victoria Nyanza, which is approximately

3,300 ft. above the sea, is hot and humid, and on the

west side in proximity to the great forests of the

Congo.

Such a climate might well produce the dark hind-

* His actual words are ‘‘ A. psyttalea does not occur in 8. Africa,

while it is a dominant species in Uganda, and also occurs, but not

so commonly, in British East Africa.”

424, Lieut.-Colgpas N. Manders on a factor in the

winged A. disa, A. hecate, another presumed model, and

its presumed mimic A. psyttalea ; also the medium spotted

albimaculata and echeria mimics, and on the north-east

shore the medium spotted psyttalea form, damoclides, model.

To the east of the Rift Valley in Kikuyu, where albimacu-

lata and echeria are dominant, the country rises to 6,500 ft.

above the sea, and no doubt has a lesser rainfall and is

not so hot as Uganda. This I should have expected would

produce the larger spotted species; but the spots in these

are slightly smaller than those from the Nyanza. Buta

larger series is much to be desired, as unfortunately Mr,

Neave had only eight specimens of the two species for

measurement.

Durban, whence come the specimens figured by him, is

on the sea-coast, and is hotter and more humid than

either Kikuyu or Uganda at certain seasons of the year,

and thus we find these species with smaller spots. Climate

may also very possibly account for the small-spotted form

of Neptis woodfordi from the N.E. shore of the Victoria

Nyanza and the larger spotted form from Kikuyu, which

latter Professor Poulton considers also to have been

influenced by the dominant Amauris to form a Miillerian

combination.

I have but slight personal acquaintance with A. alli-

maculata and echeria, but have a very fair knowledge of

an allied species, A. phaedon. This butterfly occurs in

Mauritius commonly, it is peculiar to the island, and being

completely isolated from all other Am«uris there is no

question of mimicry, and yet we find in a good series

every variation from an unspotted discoidal cell to one

with a well-marked spot quite as large as the spots of

A, allimaculata from the Kikuyu country. If this is the

case in a small island only thirty-six miles in diameter, it

should teach us caution in drawing conclusions from allied

butterflies inhabiting a country about half the size of

Europe. I agree with de Nicéville * that in certain groups

of Huploca, and I would add Amauris, there is an inherent

tendency to vary or capacity for so doing which is not due

to seasonal or climatic causes; but I would go a step

further and say that this inherited tendency to vary may

be influenced by climate, which, if sufficiently favourable,

* “Notes on a protean Indian butterfly, H. harrisii, Felder,’

by L. de Nicéville, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1892, p, 247,

production of resemblance in allied species of Butterflies, 425

may cause it to become latent or disappear, and thus pro-

duce a geographical. race or species.

It has been suggested to me that though the proposition

that these mimetic combinations are really little more

than climate acting independently on the various allied

species is probably correct, yet at the same time I have

not disproved that they are mimetic associations.

If this really be so, it seems to me that those who

consider that my explanation is inadequate and _ still

maintain that these are all mimetic combinations, should

bring forward more evidence than they have hitherto done

in support of their contention.

Note.—That the blue sheen on the wing of an Huploca

is produced in any way by climate is a proposition that

would not be approved of by Professor Poulton (ssays on

Evolution, p. 241); to those who have never had the good

fortune to see these insects alive and who may wish to be

further informed, I may say that in Sikkim and Burma

they are found in gloomy forests and thick jungle, and look

when in flight as brown butterflies of a uniform tint; it is

only when they cross a sunlit patch of forest that one notices

the blue flash; in such localities insectivorous birds are

rare. H. mulciber is not uncommonly found in more open

country.

Since writing the above I have obtained the follow-

ing data, which, however, is far from being all that is

needed :—

Moen Rainfall Tei Wet days

Max. Min. |

rans) 58 aah 80 60 45°57 — | i144

Entebbe, 3,906 ft.. . | 87°8 59 50°86 Si eth!

Kikuyu, 6,700 ft. . . | 68°38 52 50°67 _ 137

In 1907 |

45°64

XVIII. Description de quelques especes nouvelles de Lucanides

appartenant aux collections dw British Museum.

Par M. Henri BorLeau, F.E.S.

[Read February Ist, 1911.]

(Plates XX XIII, XXXIV.)

Av cours d’un déplacement que j’ai eu l'occasion de faire

en 1906 en Angleterre, j’ai pu, grace a lobligeance de

Messieurs C. O. Waterhouse et G. J. Arrow, examiner les

nombreux Lucanides faisant partie des riches collections

entomologiques du British Museum. Plusieurs especes qui

m’étaient imconnues ayant attiré mon attention, ces

messieurs voulurent bien m’ autoriser & les emporter pour

les examiner a loisir, en me priant en méme temps de

décrire celles d’entre elles qui me paraitraient nouvelles.

Ce travail s’est trouvé retardé, en raison de l’exécution des

planches que je désirais joindre aux descriptions. J’aurais

voulu, de plus, donner avec celles-ci les nombreuses observa-

tions synonymiques et autres que Javais pu faire, tant

au British Museum qu’a Oxford ot Mr. Poulton avait

tres aimablement mis & ma disposition les types si nom-

breux et si intéressants conservés dans les collections de

l'Université. Ce travail n’étant pas suffisamment avancé

et quelques- unes des espéces que J avais entrepris de décrire

ayant été récemment recues a nouveau, je me suis décidé

a donner a part les descriptions et figures des especes

nouvelles, que l’on trouvera, en conséquence, ci-apres.

DESCRIPTION DE QUELQUES ESPECES NOUVELLES DE

LUCANIDES APPARTENANT AUX COLLECTIONS DU

British MUSEUM.

SPHENOGNATHUS MANDIBULARIS, 0. sp.

(Plate XXXIV, fig. 1, 4.)

¢d- Mandibules trés longues, presque droites en projection hori-

zontale, tres arquées dans le plan vertical. Elles vont d’abord un

peu en montant, puis s’inclinent fortement vers le bas. Leur face

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PaRT II. (OCT.)

M. Henri Boileau, description despéeces de Lucanides. 427

externe est arrondie ; leur face interne est plane, bordée par deux

carénes denticulées et dentées. La caréne supérieure forme, au voi-

sinage immédiat de la téte, une forte dent saillante dirigée en arriére

et dont le bord antérieur porte des denticules émoussés. D’autres

denticules existent, mais plus effacés et peu visibles, sur toute la

longueur de la caréne, c’est & dire jusqu’ a la pointe recourbée de la

mandibule ot cette caréne se termine. La caréne inférieure porte

des denticules plus distincts. Au-dela du milieu, elle présente une

premiére dent conique aigué qui, chez le plus grand des deux types

qui représentent lespéce, est complétement dédoublée sur la man-

dibule gauche. Un peu plus loin est une seconde dent conique

aigué, plus grande, suivie a peu de distance par une autre beaucoup

plus petite. Cette derniére précéde immédiatement la pointe termi-

nale qui est recourbée et tres aigue, Les denticules existent jusqu’ a

la derniére dent, mais non entre celle-ci et la pointe terminale. La

face inférieure de la mandibule est formée par une surface peu courbée

transversalement, limitée extérieurement par une caréne non den-

ticulée, qui disparait a l’endroit ott la mandibule aprés s’étre courbée

vers le haut s'arrondit pour se cintrer vers le bas,

Le surface des mandibules est irréguliérement granuleuse; la granu- '

lation est plus effacée et V’aspect plus brillant vers lextrémité qu’a

la base.

Téte plutot large pour le genre. Le bord frontal forme une saillie

trapézoidale, séparée par une légére échancrure des angles latéraux

qui se confondent avec les canthus et sont saillants, aigus, et oblique-

ment dirigés vers Vavant. Le contour latéral, d’abord concave,

devient convexe au niveau des yeux. Ceux-ci sont entiérement et

inégalement divisés par les canthus, les yeux supérieurs étant plus

petits et moins saillants que les inférieurs. Le bord frontal est

rugueux ainsi que les bords des canthus ; la partie postérieure et

médiane de la téte et les parties les plus élevées du bord frontal sont

assez lisses. I] existe des soies fines, pales et assez longues sur les

cotés de la téte et autour des yeux.

Le dessous de la téte est plus ponctué que la partie supérieure.

Les joues sont ponctuées. Le sous-menton est brillant; sa ligne de

suture avec le menton est presque droite. Le mentona la forme

trapézoidale presque triangulaire, arrondie en avant, habituelle dans

ce genre ; il porte, ainsi que le sous-menton, des soies nombreuses

longues et pales.

Les antennes sont assez courtes. Les lamelles du peigne sont fines

et peu allongées.

Prothorax de forme générale trapézoidale avec les cétés latéraux

légérement convexes, Le bord antérieur est régulitrement arrondi

428 M. Henri Boileau, description despéces de Lucanides

au milieu ; les ile antérieurs sont obtus mais 4 sommet

vif; ces angles ont le cdté antérieur concave et le cdté latéral convexe.

Les cétés du prothorax sont convexes, crénelés, ’angle médian est

complétement arrondi et la courbure convexe se prolonge en reve-

nant vers le bord postérieur qui est prolongé latéralement par une

épine aigué et simple. Le bord postérieur est légeérement bisinué.

La surface du pronotum est fortement bombée et accidentée, gros-

siérement granuleuse sur le disque et au voisinage des cétés et du

bord antérieur; beaucoup plus finement sculptée sur les régions

voisines de langle postérieur.

Ecusson en segment de cercle, large, court, finement dépoli.

Elytres grandes et larges, portant les plissements irréguliers

habituels chez les insectes de ce genre; leur sculpture rappelle

assez celle du Feisthameli Guérin, mais est plus serrée. L’aspect

est aussi un peu plus brillant. L’angle huméral est arrondi.

Les tibias antérieurs sont armés, sur leur bord externe, de dente-

lures assez réguliéres, inclinées vers l’ avant, émoussées dans la partie

voisine de l’extrémité du tibia. La fourche qui se trouve a cette

extrémité est constituée par deux grandes dents, larges 4 leur base

et tres aigués au sommet. De plus, les tibias portent sur leur

bord interne une série d’épines droites, fortes, aigueés, assez écartées,

disposées sur toute la longueur.

Les tibias médians et postérieurs sont pourvus de plusieurs épines

aigués, inclinées vers l’extrémité, plus fortes sur les tibias médians.

La couleur est un brun rougeatre foneée, analogue a celui du

Feisthameli et du nobilis, mais sans reflets métalliques irrisés. Les

femurs et les tarses sont notablement plus foncés que les tibias,

I] n’existe que deux males, dont un m’a été cédé par le Museum.

Leurs dimensions principales sont les suivantes :—

Longueur totale, mandibules incluses 50 4 57°5 mm.

Longueur des mandibules ; ./ MO 2a 23m 5,

Largueur maxima aux élytres . oP Cee MB bey

L’étiquette de provenance porte les indications :—

CotomBIA: Medellin (buckley).

SPHENOGNATHUS GIGANTEUS, n. sp.

(Plate 2ICXMITE fig. d, oe fig, Oe)

Ce bel insecte, remarquable par le développement des

grands males et par les proportions, relativement plus

fortes encore, des femelles, existe dans plusieurs collections.

Il est évidemment trés voisin du S. Feisthameli dont il se

rapproche par sa femelle et du S. Garleppi auquel son

mile ressemble beaucoup. Il est donc possible qu'il ne

aux collections du British Museum. 429

constitue qu’un passage entre les deux especes et doive

plus tard étre considéré soit comme les réunissant en une

seule, soit comme constituant une simple varieté de l’une

ou de l'autre.

La description qui suit est basée sur l’examen du

spécimen ¢ du British Museum et sur celui de trois

femelles dont une m/’appartient, mais j’al vu d’autres

exemplaires de cette espece dans les collections Azambre

et R. Oberthiir.

g. Etroitement apparenté au S. Garleppi Boileau mais notable-

ment plus grand et présentant plusieurs différences de structure

signalées plus loin.

Téte forte pour le genre ; bord frontal légérement concave (droit

chez Garleppi et Feisthameli) ; canthus bisinués antérieurement et

formant une pointe extrémement aigué, concaves latéralement;

sculpture de la téte formée par des points enfoncés disposés comme

chez Garleppi.

Mandibules encore plus longues que chez Garleppi, plus amincies

a Vextrémité, avec la dent basale de l’aréte supérieure beaucoup

plus développée. Les denticules de l’aréte interne s’avancent plus

prés de l’extrémité apicale et il n’existe pas de denticule plus fort

avant la partie lisse qui forme la pointe longue et aigue de la

mandibule. La double dent basale interne a la forme habituelle,

les deux dents de droite étant un peu moins loin de la base que les

deux dents de gauche.

Les antennes sont plus fortes, le troisitme article plus long, les

feuillets du peigne plus développés. Le menton est plus grand,

mais est aussi en ogive.

Le prothorax a la méme forme que chez Gurleppi, les angles

latéraux antérieurs sont un peu plus arrondis et les postérieurs ont

une épine plus robuste et moins aigué. La sculpture est du méme

genre chez les deux insectes, mais plus rugueuse pour giganteus ot

elle devient extrémement forte et grossiére sur le disque.

L’écusson est plus arrondi 4 la pointe et plus voisin de lare de

cercle du Feisthameli que de l’ogive du Garleppi.

Les élytres ont sensiblement méme forme et sculpture pour les

deux espéces, leur surface est finement granuleuse avec des plisse-

ments transversaux bien marqués, et des stries transversales serrées

le long de la suture.

Les angles huméraux sont épineux chez les deux males, mais

Vépine du Garleppi est plus gréle et dirigée un peuen arritre. Celle

du giganteus se raccorde davantage avec Vélytre en arritre, elle est

plus robuste et plus normale & l’axe longitudinal.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IL. (OCT.) FF

430 M. Henri Boileau, description @especes de Lucanides

Les tibias, trés longs, sont plus lisses et moins ponctués que chez

Garleppi. Les épines externes sont plus espacées; les épines

internes, trés développées chez Garleppi, sont plus rares et i peine

saillantes pour la plupart chez giganteus. Les épines des tibias

médians et postérieurs sont plus longues, mais plutét moins nom-

breuses. La couleur est plus foneée, d’un brun plus sombre, avec

des reflets d’un vert noir; les pattes sont entitrement métalliques.

Les soies, de couleur pale, sont aussi abondantes que chez

Garleppi.

Les dimensions principales sont :—

Longueur totale, mandibules incluses ; . 66°5 mm,

Longueur des mandibules . j , : ee. ie

Largeur maxima de la téte : : : Bp oil lee

Largeur aux élytres . : : ; : Oso lee

L’étiquette de provenance porte les indications :—

Boxtvia, Chulumani, 2000 m. (P. O. Simons) 1901. 324.

Q. Les deux femelles du British Museum ne sont pas absolument

semblables et sont de provenances différentes. La plus caractérisce

porte la méme ¢tiquette Corigine que le male, l’autre vient de

V?Equateur comme la femelle de ma collection dont elle se rapproche

beaucoup comme forme.

La difference de taille entre ces femelles et celles des S. Feistha-

meli et Garleppi est beaucoup plus considérable que celle qui existe

entre les males. La téte est fortement ponctuce ; le bord frontal

sensiblement droit ou méme un peu convexe (exemplaire de Chulu-

mani). Les angles latéraux antériewrs se prolongent par une pointe

aigue trés développée a peine indiquée chez Feisthameli et Garleppi.

Le canthus se raccorde 4 cette pointe par une courbe concave

antérieurement et convexe postérieurement; il est plus étroit

que chez Garleppi et plus réguliérement convexe en arriere que chez

Feisthameli.

Les mandibules sont remarquablement développées, notamment

plus fortes et plus longues que chez Fezsthameli; mais de méme

forme. Elles présentent, vers la moitié de leur longueur, une dent

externe qui existe chez Feisthameli mais est trés Cmoussce ou arrondie

chez Garleppi.

Le prothorax, plus étroit en avant que chez G'arleppi a sensible-

ment méme forme que chez Feisthameli ; il est granuleux, sauf sur

la région médiane. Les angles latéraux antérieurs sont arrondis ;

Pangle médian est apparent mais non épineux ; les angles postérieurs

sont arrondis; les ecdtés latéraux sont droits ou concaves comme chez

Feisthameli et pon convexes comme chez Garleppi.

aux collections du British Museum. 431

La sculpture du prothorax est plus ou moins prononcée suivant

les individus. La femelle de Chulumani est la plus granuleuse, la

région centrale du disque étant elle-méme ponctuce. L’exemplaire

que je posséde est un peu plus lisse ; celui qui provient de ’Equateur,

au British Museum, est peu ponctué et présente sur la partie

postérieure du disque une région lisse étendue.

L’écusson presque en demi-cercle ou ogival tres obtus, est assez

finement ponctué.

Les élytres plus ou moins plissées, granuleuses et assez brillantes

sont un peu plus atténuées en arriére que chez Feisthameli et

Garleppi.

Les tibias et les fémurs sont ponctués. Les tibias antérieurs, cdté

gauche, sont armés de quatre fortes dents de grandeur décroissante

depuis l’extrémité et dune cinquieme sensiblement plus petite.

Parfois il existe, comme chez le deuxitme exemplaire du Museum

(provenant de l’Equateur), les traces d’une sixitme dent. Les tibias

antérieurs de droite ont une dent de moins.

Les tibias intermédiaires portent trois épines aigués, bien

développées, parfois une de plus & gauche, ou une de moins a droite.

Il en est de méme pour les postérieurs dont les épines sont cependant

beaucoup plus courtes,

La couleur est assez variable et parait ¢tre, en général, un brun

roux sombre, plus ou moins cuivreux, souvent avec des reflets

métalliques verts. Le bord externe des élytres et la région voisine,

le bord du prothorax, les cdtés de la téte sont aussi pourvus de

reflets verts et cette teinte peut méme s’étendre sur presque toute la

surface comme chez l’exemplaire de Chulumani ici figure.

Les fémurs sont de couleur métallique verte ou cuivreuse ; les

tibias plus ou moins roux-noiratres.

Les exemplaires frais paraissent devoir ¢tre aussi fortement

revétus de soies que ceux du Garleppi, mais le revétement supérieur

tombe aisément et les deux exemplaires du British Museum n’en

portent aucune trace.

Les dimensions principales sont :—

Longueur totale, mandibules incluses . 482450 mm.

Longueur des mandibules ‘ , F CIA RY ies oes

Largeur aux élytres . : : o) aS 2a. 280ae |,

LucANUS FRYI, n. sp.

(Plate XXXIV, fig. 3, f major ; fig. 4, f minor.)

Cette espece, des plus remarquables, parait avoir ¢té

confondue dans la collection Fry d’ot elle provient avec

FF 2

432 M. Henri Boggeu, description despeces de Lucanides

le L. Westermanni, Hope.* Elle présente avec celui-ci

des affinités évidentes mais elle en differe notablement et

se rapproche davantage du ZL. singularis, Planet. L’espece

est représentée par un male qui parait étre du plus grand

développement, par un autre mile de forme mineure, et par

une femelle, malheureusement déformée par un accident

de nymphose. Les étiquettes indiquent que les trois

spécimens proviennent de Burmah, Ruby Mines, et ont été

pris par W. Doherty.

¢. Insecte de forme robuste, se rapprochant assez comme pro-

portions générales du maculifemoratus, var. Hopei, Parry. Compareé

au singularis, 11 parait plus large et plus vigoureux ; la téte surtout

est plus forte, les mandibules sont moins longues, moins courbées,

presque dépourvues de denticules, mais il est évident que les deux

espéces sont étroitement apparentcées, le L. Fryi paraissant cependant

former passage entre le L. singularis et le L. Westermanni, comme

le montre surtout ’examen du petit male et de la femelle.

Téte transversale, presque plane, avec l’aréte frontale arquée releveée

en carene saillante. Les angles antérieurs sont tronqués. Les carenes

latérales décrivent une courbe réguliere, d’abord concave extérieure-

ment, puis largement convexe. La partie supérieure de la téte qui

se trouve limitée par la caréne frontale et les carénes latérales offre

le contour postérieur bilobé tres fréquent chez les Lucanes vrais.

Les angles postérieurs de ces lobes sont & peu pres droits et les

carénes s’atténuent apres les avoir atteints puis s’effacent avant

Warriver & Vangle médian rentrant formé par la rencontre des

cotés Internes des lobes.

Le bord frontal est incliné, disposé comme chez singilaris, mais

plus faiblement renflé et plus horizontal. I] forme a son extrémité

une saillie légérement divisée, un peu relevée vers le haut, analogue a

celle des L. lunifer (Hope), Planeti (Planet), et singularis, mais moins

fourchue. La partie antérieure de cette protubérance est l¢égerement

convexe vue de profil, elle est plus verticale que chez lunifer et

singularis et aboutit & une saillie conique, normale a la surface

inclinée, qui existe également chez les trois espéces citées plus haut.

Cette pointe couvre la bouche, elle forme la contre-partie du menton

* Le plus grand male porte une ¢tiquette avec la note suivante :

“These four “preceding Lucanidae appear to me to be one large and

two (2) small ¢ and one 2? Lucanus Westermanni of Hope. No.

39695 were named by Major Parry as Licanus Westermanni of

Hope, which I believe to be right.” Je n’ai pu retrouver le spécimen

portant le No. 39695 mentionné par cette note.

aux collections du British Museum. 433

et constitue la lévre supérieure. La région antérieure de la pro-

tubérance qui est formée, chez singularis, par une surface lisse bordée

de chaque cété par une carene, présente ici deux sillons peu profonds

mais bien visibles séparés par une cote assez large, elle méme légére-

ment déprimée sur son axe. Le tout est ponctué et rugueux.

Les yeux, entaillés au tiers par les canthus, sont saillants et plus

gros que chez singularis.

Les antennes sont assez longues; les lamelles du peigne sont

étroites ; celle du septiéme article, terminée en pointe et brillante

sur sa surface postérieure, est presque aussi longue que les autres.

Les mandibules sont a la fois plus courtes et moins inclinées que

chez singularis; elles sont armées, comme dans cette espéce, d’une

dent, de grandeur médiocre, placée au-dela du milieu, et se terminent

par une fourche qui est beaucoup moins grande et moins ouverte

chez Fryi. La branche externe de la fourche est aplatie et affecte la

forme tronquée que l’on observe assez souvent chez Mearesi, Hope, et

lunifer. Les denticules qui existent chez singularis a la base des

mandibules, avant la dent médiane et entre celle-ci et la fourche, font

défaut 4 la base et sont 4 peine visibles sur les deux autres régions,

Sous la mandibule, au quart de sa longueur a partir de la base existe

une petite dent, moins développée que chez singularis. Le prothorax

est plus large chez Fryi; les angles latéraux antérieurs sont plus

arrondis, l’angle latéral plus ouvert ; la surface, finement granuleuse,

assez brillante sur le disque, est plus lisse.

L’écusson est semi-circulaire.

Les élytres, coupées droit 4 la base sont un peu plus courtes et

plus larges que chez singularis ; Vangle huméral, marqué par un

petit tubercule, n’est pas arrondi; la surface, réguli¢rement courbée

est plus lisse chez Firyi.

En dessous, le menton est un peu plus large, le prosternum plus

comprimé latéralement et plus saillant en arriére que chez singularis ;

il forme une protubérance demi-circulaire.

Les pattes sont finement granuleuses ; les tibias antérieurs, l¢gére-

ment convexes vers le haut, sont armés d’une fourche terminale

formée par deux petites dents; il existe de plus trois dents a peu

pres égales, écartées, et deux autres, moins fortes vers articulation

fémorale. Le dernier article des tarses est aussi long que les quatre

qui le précédent, pris ensemble.

Les tibias médians portent, outre les épines terminales, trois

fortes épines latérales et une quatriéme plus faible. Les deux épines

les plus voisines de l’articulation fémorale sont plus petites que les

suivantes et sont trés rapprochées lune de V’autre. Les tibias

postérieurs présentent la méme armature, mais les ¢pines sont

434 M. Henri Boilgan, description @especes de Lucanides

beaucoup plus faibles et moins aigués. Ces ¢pines sont, d’une

manitre générale, plus développées chez singuilaris.

La description qui precede s’applique plus spécialement au grand

male. Le petit male quiappartient a la forme mineure se rapproche

passablement comme aspect général et proportions d’un L. Wester-

manni. La téte est plane, courte, avec les carénes latérales bien

marquées, la carene frontale effacce, la saillie de ’épistome fourchue,

bien développée, simplement granuleuse sur sa face triangulaire

antérieure. Les mandibules sont longues et gréles ; la dent médiane

& peine marquée; la fourche terminale est rendue inégale par

réduction de la dent interne; les denticules sont peu marqués mais

aussi visibles que chez le grand male, toutefois ceux qui précédent la

dent médiane sont réduits & un ou deux seulement. La dent

inférieure subsiste, sous forme d’un tres petit denticule.

L’armature des tibias est la méme que pour le grand male, cepen-

dant la premiére et plus petite épine manque aux tibias médian et

postérieur du cdté gauche.

La granulation est tres analogue chez les deux exemplaires et

rappelle beaucoup celle du Westermanni.

Femelle. La femelle est malheureusement difforme ; elle a subi

un accident de nymphose qui a entrainé une grave altération des

formes de la téte et des pattes antérieures. Les pattes médianes

sont elles-mémes un peu modifiées,

Tout ce qu’on peut dire au point de vue de la description de

Vespece, en jugeant d’aprés un exemplaire aussi anormal, c’est que

cet insecte semble différer davantage de la femelle du singularis que

les males des deux especes. Comparée & la femelle (type) du

L. singularis elle en difftre principalement par la grande largeur

de son prothorax, non rétréci en avant et dont langle latéral

trés ouvert n’a pas son sommet presque épineux comme chez

singularis.

Les mandibules portent une double dent médiane. Les tibias

antérieurs sont armés de trois dents en plus de la fourche terminale.

Les tibias médians et postérieurs ont trois épines de grandeur

décroissante vers articulation fémorale.

Les trois spécimens sont d’un brun roux, tirant sur le noir seuie-

ment chez le grand male. La partie inférieure, noiratre chez celui-ci

et la femelle, est rousse chez le petit male. Les pattes sont rousses

chez cet exemplaire et la femelle, noirdtres chez le grand male. La

pilosité, presque nulle a la partie supérieure est assez développée en

dessous, tout en étant beaucoup moindre que chez les singularis de

Yunnan-Sen. I] est d’ailleurs probable que les trois spécimens ne

sont pas trés frais,

aux collections du British Museum. 435

Les dimensions principales sont respectivement les suivantes pour

les deux males et la femelle :—

Longueur totale, mandibules incluses: mm. 69°53; 43°8 ; 33:5.

Longueur des inandibules : mm. 25:2; 14°3 ; 4:0.

Largeur de la téte: mm. 20°5 ; 12°7 ; 9:0.

Largeur maxima aux élytres: mm. 21:0; 15:2; 16°5.

Lucanus DouERTYI, n. sp.

(Lucanus laminifer, Waterhouse, var.)

(Plate XXXIV, fig. 2.)

Cette espece n'est représentée dans la collection que

par un seul male, de développement moyen, portant les

étiquettes suivantes: AssAM: Naga Hills (Doherty).—

Lucanus laminiferus (var. minor), Waterhouse type.—Fry

Coll. 1905, 100.—Au moment ou Mr. Waterhouse décrivait

son L. laminifer les spécimens de forme majeure de cette

espece étaient seuls connus et l’erreur de détermination faite

sur l'insecte de la collection Fry’s explique facilement si l’on

tient compte des variations considérables maintes fois con-

statées de ce groupe. Actuellement il est de toute évidence

que le spécimen dont la description suit, appartient a4 une

espece distincte, beaucoup plus voisine du L. Westermanni,

Hope, que du L. laminifer, Waterhouse.

Comme apparence générale, ce lucane rappelle beaucoup

certains exemplaires du L. Westermanni dont il possede la

forme courte et robuste.

La téte est & peu pres rectangulaire si l’on fait abstraction de la

saillie des yeux et de l’épistome. Le bord antérieur est concave,

Paréte frontale se reléve au milieu et forme une créte arrondie bien

apparente, probablement beaucoup plus forte chez les exemplaires de

développement majeur. Cette caréne frontale est bien différente de

la saillie isolée du laminifer et ressemble assez a ceile du cervus.

L’épistome a une forme ogivale aigué, un peu acuminée a la

pointe ; sa surface est presque plane et les petites cartnes latérales

qui existent chez Westermanni font ici défaut.

Les angles latéraux antérieurs sont tronqués un peu obliquement

et comme l’extrémité de l’aréte antérieure des canthus oculaires est

elle-méme saillante, ils présentent trois petites saillies anguleuses

distinctes.

Les canthus sont faibles, linéaires, aigus en arriére et n’atteignent

pas la moitié de Veil, Les carénes céphaliques sont bien marquées,

436 M. Henri Boileau, description despeces de Lucanides

mais non relevées, la surface supérieure de la téte étant sensible-

ment plane. Ces carénes sont arrondies postérieurement et s’effacent

en sabaissant un peu en arriére, formant un contour un peu plus

concave extérieurement que le bord frontal.

Le menton est notablement plus large que chez Westermanni.

Les antennes sont plus massives; leur quatriéme article est plus

long que le cinquiéme, contrairement & ce que Von observe chez

Westermanni ; le peigne a ses lamelles moins découpéees, son premier

article (7° de Pantenne), qui est épineux, forme une saillie plus forte

que les lamelles des autres articles pectinés,

Les mandibules sont plus courtes et plus granuleuses que celles

Vun L. Westermanni de méme taille et leur forme est assez différente

Elles présentent extérieurement une courbure en are de cercle et se

terminent par une fourche peu développée, dont la dent supérieure,

légérement relevée, dépasse sensiblement Vinférieure. Il existe une

dent médiane analogue a celle du Westermanni, mais placée un peu

plus loin de la base et, entre cette dent et la fourche terminale, une

petite dent intermédiaire. De plus, sur la mandibule droite, on dis-

tingue deux trés petits denticules précédant immédiatement la dent

médiane a partir de la base.

Le prothorax est notablement plus large que chez Westermanni :

Vangle médian du bord antérieur est obtus ; les angles latéraux anté-

rieurs tout en ¢étant aigus, sont plus larges chez Dohertyi ; les cdtés

sont légerement convexes avant angle médian et & peine coneaves

aprés cet angle; les angles postérieurs sont arrondis. La surface

supérieure est bombée, finement granuleuse, assez brillante, couverte

de points serrés, probablement villeuse 4 l’état frais. Le milieu du

bord antérieur est remarquablement lisse et brillant.

En dessous, la saillie du prosternum est trés obtuse et peu marquée ;

Ja surface est couverte de soies courtes.

L’écusson est large, ogival obtus, granuleux et ponctué.

Les élytres sont longues, plus développées que chez Westermanni,

égales chez le type au reste du corps, mandibules incluses. Elles

sont assez longuement paralléles, arrondies ensemble & l’extrémité,

assez brillantes ; la base est coupée droit, langle huméral bien

marqué mais non épineux.

En dessous les segments thoraciques sont fortement soyeux, les

segments abdominaux sont glabres. Les pattes sont robustes, con-

colores, rougedtres; les tibias antérieurs ont une fourche terminale

trés avancée mais peu bifurquée. Les dents du bord externe sont

au nombre de trois sur le tibia de droite et de quatre sur celui de

gauche. I] existe, a droite seulement, des denticules serrés formant

aréte crénelée entre les dents principales. Les tibias médians ont

trois fortes ¢épines et une plus petite voisine de Varticulation

aux collections du British Museum. 437

fémorale ; les tibias postérieurs ont une forte épine de moins que les

médians,

La couleur est un brum noir, plus rougedtre sur les élytres, les

mandibules, les pattes et les segments abdominaux que sur le reste

du corps, qui est noiratre.

Les dimensions principales sont :—

Longueur totale, mandibules incluses . ‘ 47 mm.

Longueur des mandibules : ‘ ; , ee

Largeur de la téte . : : ; ; : leet

Largeur maxima aux élytres . : : : 1G: 4).

Cette espéce est dédiée a Mr. Doherty, qui l’a découverte,

ainsi que beaucoup d’autres des plus remarquables.

RHAETULUS SPECIOSUS, n. sp.

(Plate XX XIII, fig. 3, and Plate XXXIV, fig. 5.)

Kspece bicolore, tres distincte et fort belle, représentée

par un seul male de grand développement.

L'étiquette de provenance porte J’indication: Siam,

1901, 231.

Téte relativement petite, tres transversale, légérement concave ;

bord antérieur incliné, sans aréte frontale définie, se continuant par

Pépistome qui forme une saillie intermandibulaire pentagonale trés

développée dont les trois angles antérieurs sont bien marqués et

méme épineux.

Les angles latéraux antérieurs de la téte sont arrondis, les canthus,

assez forts, & peine légérement convexes, entaillent 4 demi les yeux

qui sont bombés et plus développés sur la face inférieure. La téte

est fortement rétrécie en arriére.

Antennes assez courtes, ayant le scape sensiblement égal au fouet.

Les quatre premiers articles de celui-ci sont & peu prés égaux ; le

suivant (6° de l’antenne), est un peu plus court, légérement élargi

a Pextrémité ; le septi¢éme est pourvu d’un éperon assez faible ; le

huitiéme est spongieux sauf sur une étroite bande dorsale, le neu-

vieme et le dixitme sont entiérement spongieux. Le peigne formé

par ces trois derniers articles et par celui qui précéde est constitué

par trois lamelles assez larges et bien développées et par l’éperon du

septiéme article.

Menton trés développé, légérement trapézoidal, avec les angles

antérieurs fortement arrondis et le bord libre courbé en arc vers le

bas ; sa surface est trés régulitrement granuleuse.

Mandibules contournées, trés longues, gréles et anguleuses, de

forme compliquée, Vues en plan elles se dirigent d’abord 4 l’extérieur,

438 M. Henri Bogdggen, description Cespeces de Lucanides

pus se coudent, deviennent presque droites et paralléles et se termi-

nent par une longue fourche dont les pointes aigués sont dirigées

vers lintérieur. Vues de cété, elles forment une courbe convexe

vers le haut, Vabord un peu ascendante puis fortement descendante,

Chaque mandibule présente une cardne principale qui part, a la base,

de la partie supérieure, et forme ensuite Varcte latérale interne.

Cette caréne porte une forte dent verticale basale, simple et aigué,

puis, aprés un petit intervalle inerme, une dizaine de petits denticules

coniques, bien formés, de grandeur légérement décroissante, suivis

par une dent moyenne, tres aigué, légerement tournée en avant et

qui se trouve placdée & peu prés aux deux tiers de la longueur totale,

Aprés cette dent se trouvent des denticules coniques, réguliers, un

peu croissants, au nombre de six ou sept, existant sur toute la

longueur qui sépare la dent médiane de la premiere branche de la

fourcheapicale. Cette branche est extr¢mement développce, conique,

trés aigué et forme un véritable poignard, L’autre branche de la

fourche est de méme longueur, également gréle, mais pourvue sur

son cdté interne d’une carene de renfort a laquelle succédent, en

revenant vers la base de la mandibule, une série de denticules aigus,

tout aussi développés que ceux de la carene supérieure et au nombre

de quinze ou seize environ. Apres ces denticules, la caréne s’atténue,

puis reparait, et revient, par une courbe convexe extérieurement, vers

Vintérieur des mandibules, de fagon & former leur contour apparent

& la base, en projection horizontale. Enfin le bord arrondi qui

constitue, sur les deux tiers environ & partir de la pointe, le contour

apparent externe, se transforme en carene vers le quart de la

longueur & partir de la base, et se projette vers le bas en formant une

dent aigué sur Varéte externe de laquelle se voient quatre petits

denticules. Ce systtme de mandibules est un des plus compliqués

que lon rencontre chez les Lucanides.

Toute la surface de la téte et des mandibules sauf la fourche

terminale, est réguli¢rement et finement granuleuse.

Le prothorax est notablement plus large que la téte. Le bord

antérieur est peu sinueux, son angle médian étant tres arrondi, et

ses angles latéraux peu saillants et peu aigus sans étre cependant

véritablement arrondis. Les cdtés sont régulitrement convexes et

denticulés jusqw a leur angle médian, ensuite un peu tronqués et

légérement sinueux jusqu’ al’ angle postérieur qui est entiérement

arrondi. Le bord postérieur est faiblement sinueux et, dans son

ensemble, un peu concave.

La surface supérieure fortement et réguliérement bombée, est trés

finement et uniformément granuleuse.

En dessous, le prosternum forme une trés faible protubérance

arrondie en arriére.

aux collections du British Museum. 439

Les élytres sont trés longues, presque paralléles, puis régulidrement

atténuées vers leur extrémité. La base est Iégérement convexe ;

Yangle huméral trés faiblement ¢pineux, la marge externe assez

large. La surface est finement granuleuse, plus lisse et brillante

vers la suture. Les pattes, de longueur moyenne, sont assez fines,

Les tibias antérieurs portent des épines aigués, écartées, de grandeur

croissante jusqu’ & la fourche, qui est saillante mais formée par des

dents assez courtes. I] y a huit ou neuf épines ou denticules avant

la fourche. Les tibias médians portent une forte épine gréle, trés

aigué, un peu au-dela du milieu. Les postérieurs ont une épine plus

petite placée de méme.

Les tarses sont un peu plus courts que les tibias; leur article

terminal est presque aussi long que les quatre qui le précédent, pris

ensemble. Ceux-ci ne portent des soies, a leur partie inférieure,

que sur une zone triangulaire peu étendue voisine de |’ extrémité de

chacun d’eux. Les soies sont rousses, serrées et courtes.

La couleur est un beau brun rougedtre clair, nuaneé de brun plus

foncé et passant au brun noir ou au noir sur le contour latéral de la

téte, les mandibules, les antennes, le disque du pronotum, les angles

médians de celui-ci, la base, la suture et les marges externes des

élytres. La partie inférieure du corps est plus sombre. Seuls le

menton, nuancé de brun rouge, les cotés du métasternum marqués

chacun d’une large tache brune, et les femurs, dont la plus grande

partie est rougedtre, tranchent sur la teinte, d@’un brun tirant plus

ou moins sur le noir, qui revét les autres parties.

Les dimensions principales sont :—

Longueur totale, mandibules incluses : : 48 mm.

Longueur des mandibules : = és LSErs;

Largeur de latéte . ; : ‘ : ; one

Largeur maxima, au prothorax : : ; ae

HEMISODORCUS RUFUS, n. sp.

Les Hemisodorcus elegantulus, Albers, et axis, Boileau,

tres distincts par la forme du prothorax, ont tous deux

les élytres largement marquées de noir sur la suture et

les marges latérales. Dans les collections du British

Museum se trouve un male, provenant de la collection

Fry et récolté a Perak, qui parait appartenir & une espéce

intermédiaire. Ce spécimen se rapproche davantage,

comme structure, d’elegantulus dont il se distingue par

plusieurs caracteres; 11 differe d’ailleurs davis et d’ele-

gantulus par sa coloration claire, les élytres ¢tant d’un

brun roux avec une ligne noire sur la suture, et les marges

440 M. Henri Boileau, description @especes de Lucanides

latérales n’étant ni rembrunies, ni méme bordées de noir.

Le male, décrit ci-aprés, me semble de développement

moyen. II est un peu plus grand que les males d’elegan-

tulus qui présentent le méme forme mandibulaire.

La téte différe tres peu de celle Velegantulus, cependant l’épistome

est coupé tout 4 fait droit ; les canthus sont un peu plus obliques et

la saillie des joues derriére les yeux légérement plus prononcée.

Les mandibules sont construites sur le méme type, mais semblent

un peu plus longues. De plus, la dent principale qui, chez les ex-

emplaires de méme développement des H. axis et elegantulus est

constituée par deux denticules divergents précédés, du cdté de apex,

par un denticule assez faible chez elegantulus et presque compléte-

ment effacé chez amis, est ici formée par trois denticules précédés

par un quatriéme, sur la courbure apicale, aussi distinct que le

denticule correspondant chez elegantulus.

La prothorax ressemble beaucoup, comme contour, a celui dele-

gantulus mais forme passage a celui d’awis. Tes angles latéraux

antérieurs sont plus longs que chez ce dernier, mais ne présentent

pas, du cdté externe, la courbure concave si spéciale que l’on voit

chez elegantulus. a deuxiéme courbure concave qui existe, chez les

deux espéces déja connues immédiatement avant langle postérieur,

est moins prononcée chez la nouvelle espéce. II en résulte que le

contour latéral du prothorax, tout en étant bien plus complexe que

chez ais, ot il est réduit 4 une courbe presque réguliérement con-

vexe, est cependant moins sinueux que chez elegantulus. Comme

chez axis et elegantulus, la largeur du prothorax est notablement

supérieure a celle des élytres.

L’écusson, en demi-cercle, est ponctué.

Les élytres, tres longues, sont paralléles, puis att¢énuées en courbe

ogivale 4 sommet légtrement arrondi, Les épaules sont anguleuses

comme dans les deux autres espéces.

En dessous le menton est velu, de forme rectangulaire avec les

angles ant¢érieurs largement arrondis ; il est un peu moins large que

chez axis. Chez elegantulus le contour est nettement trapézoidal.

Les tibias antérieurs sont dentés en scie trés serrée, comme chez

elegantulus, mais avec des denticules plus obliques. Chez ces deux

espéces il existe quatre ou cing denticules un peu plus saillants dont

la grandeur va en décroissant vers l’articulation fémorale.

Les tibias intermédiaires laissent deviner un rudiment d’épine un

peu au-dela du milieu; les tibias postérieurs sont tout & fait inermes.

Comme pour les autres espéces, les tarses, sensiblement égaux aux

tibias, ont leurs quatre premiers articles pourvus de soies serrées, de

longueur croissante vers l’extrémité des articles.

aux collections du British Museum. 4.41

La couleur générale est un roux brun, un peu plus clair que chez

elegantulus. La pointe des mandibules, les antennes, les tarses, les

extrémités des fémurs et les denticules des tibias antérieurs sont

fortement rembrunis. Le pronotum est bordé de noir. L’écusson,

la zone médiane du sternum et la suture des élytres sur une faible

largeur, sont rembrunis. Il existe des macules sombres sur les

bosses anté-oculaires et au voisinage des angles postérieurs du

prothorax.

Les dimensions principales sont :—

Longueur totale, mandibules incluses . 22 mm.

Longueur des mandibules_ . : Ly 24'S

Largeur maxima au prothorax. oe a GL?)

”

HEMISODORCUS ARROWI, Nn. sp.

Le British Museum posséde un exemplaire unique de cette

espece, évidemment tres rapprochée du rubrofemoratus,

Vollenhover. Ce spécimen est un male de forme majeure

et de grande taille, provenant de la collection Fry. I

porte les étiquettes : 60876—Doherty.—BurmAu.—Ruby

Mines.

La téte est, dans son ensemble, plus trapézoidale que chez rubro-

femoratus, les joues n’étant pas renflées derritre les yeux. Le bord

frontal est un peu plus concave ; l’épistome, sensiblement de méme

erandeur porte une petite saillie au milieu de sa marge antérieure,

au lieu d’étre régulitrement concave. Les canthus oculaires sont

anguleux en avant et légtrement concaves latéralement au lieu d’étre

arrondis et convexes comme chez rubrofemoratus. Le menton est

un peu plus court, plus trapézoidal, moins granuleux, et porte un

plus petit nombre de points cicatriciels chez Arrowz?.

Les antennes ne différent que par leur développement, plus fort

chez Arrowi; le peigne et le fouet, notamment ont leurs articles

plus allongés, les lamelles du peigne sont dune forme moins

carrée,

Les mandibules sont presque semblables dans les deux espéces, et

ne different que par quelques détails. Leur surface supérieure est

plus aplanie chez Arrowi ; la dent principale est précédée par une

courbe arrondie et ne forme pas l’angle brusque que l’on voit chez

rubrofemoratus, cette dent est plus tranchante sur son bord postérieur

et celui-ci porte quelques denticules mal définis, mais tres appréci-

ables, qui manquent totalement chez l’espéce ancienne. La surface

des mandibules est aussi plus brillante en dessus et surtout latérale-

442 M. Henri Boileau, description d@especes de Lucanides

ment; elle est moins dépolie en dessous. Enfin la granulation

régulitre de la téte est également plus fine.

Le prothorax a la méme forme générale chez les deux espéces,

mais les cdtés sont moins sinueux avant la deuxiéme dent chez

Arrowi, la premitre dent latérale est un peu plus faible ; par contre

la deuxiéme dent (qui représente langle médian habituel) est plus

prononcée et forme une épine, qui est suivie par une courbe concave

plus forte aboutissant a langle postérieur. Celui-ci est aussi mieux

marqué chez Arrowi.

La marge ant¢érieure présente, chez cette espece, une saillie mé-

diane un peu plus aigué et plus prononcée que chez rubrofemoratus,

mais ici cet angle n’est pas rebordé, la bordure n’existant réellement

que sur les deux tiers de la marge, de chaque coté, & partir de Pangle

latéral antérieur.

En dessous, le prosternum est sensiblement plus large entre les

hanches chez Arrow? ; il forme en arriére une saillie assez marqucée,

dont le bord postérieur vu de profil est concave vers larritre ; chez

rubrofemoratus la saillie est presque nulle et son bord postérieur est

convexe,

La surface du pronotum est- presque brillante sur le disque, et trés

finement dépolie latéralement, au lieu (Vétre entiérement dépolie

comme chez rubrofemoratus.

L’écusson est ogival, brillant, 4 peine ponctué a la base.

Les élytres sont notablement plus longues chez Arrow? ; leur forme

est la méme que chez rubrofemoratus, mais les angles huméraux

sont plus épineux. Il y a peu de différences dans le métasternum

et les segments abdominaux 5 toutefois le métasternum porte, en

arritre, chez rubrofemoratus, une ligne meédiane longitudinale

enfoncée qui n’existe pas ici.

Les pattes sont a peu pres pareilles cependant sur les tibias

antérieurs, les petits denticules écartés, qui forment l’armature du

bord externe, sont moins nombreux, et commencent plus loin de

Varticulation fémorale chez Arrowi. La surface des pattes est

aussi plus lisse et plus brillante. La coloration des deux espéces est

différente. Les élytres sont d’un rouge brun foneé chez Arrow? et

les cotés du prothorax présentent aussi une nuance rougedtre. Les

pattes, le métathorax et les segments abdominaux sont d’un brun

rouge fonceé ; la téte, la plus grande partie du prothorax, les mandibules,

les antennes et les tarses sont noirs,

Les dimensions principales sont :—

Longueur totale, mandibules incluses. : 47°8 nm.

Longueur des mandibules —. j : : ESD Gs

Longueur des élytres . , : j ; PAIS ee

Largeur maxima, au prothorax ? 1g. a ee

aux collections du British Musewm. 443

GNAPHALORYX ERICSONI, n. sp.

Cette espéce, qui appartient au groupe de squalidus,

Hope, est représentée, dans les collections du British

Museum, par un seul male. Celui-ci porte les indications :

Sétinjak 1800 ft. jan., et sur une autre étiquette: Philip-,

pines, Ericson.

Ce dernier renseignement est, selon toutes probabilites,

erroné. M. G. Arrow m’a informé, en effet, qu'il ne

semble pas que M. Ericson ait été aux Philippines et que

les insectes de ses chasses proviennent tous de Sumatra.

Il est dés-lors admissible que Sétinjak est une localité

peu connue de cette derniére ile. Ce qui rend lhypothese

de M. Arrow tout a fait vraisemblable, c’est que le

G. Ericsoni existe certainement & Sumatra. Je possede

deux femelles de Médan, qui m’avaient bien parues se

rapporter au male de Sétinjak, lorsque je l’ai eu en

communication et j’al trouvé depuis dans la collection

de Lucanides qui m’a été cédée par M. Van de Poll,

une intéressante série de 4 males et 3 femelles, étiquetés

“'Tandjong Djati, Ranau Palembang. + 2000. Meigo

IZ. Kannegieter” que je ne puis rapporter qua cette

espece. Les descriptions suivantes sont basées sur l’étude

de ces divers spécimens.

d. Téte forte, bombée sir le disque, et présentant, sur le milieu

du bord frontal, une corne rudimentaire sous forme dun petit

tubercule conique peu apparent. Bord frontal concave; angles

antérieurs arrondis ; canthus régulitrement arrondis surs les cdtés,

divisant entierement les yeux. Saillie des joues en arriere des yeux

tres forte, dépassant la saillie des canthus et nettement arrondie.

L’épistome formant la lévre supérieure, est rectangulaire ou un peu

concave en avant.

Mandibules tres dissymétriques. Comme Whabitude dans cette

section du genre, la mandibule gauche est plus longue et plus cintrée

que la mandibule droite dont elle différe également par armature.

La mandibule gauche est tres régulitrement courbée sur son bord

externe ; elle porte 4 la base une double dent assez large dont

la partie la plus éloignée de la téte est la plus saillante. Apres

cette dent existe une courbe concave vers le milieu ou avant le

milieu de laquelle se trouve un trés petit denticule ; cette courbe

aboutit 4 une dent plus forte. Au-dela, la mandibule s’amincit

beaucoup et forme une pointe terminale une peu émoussée, précédée

par une petite saillie arrondie placée sur la caréne externe, qui se

reléve 4 cet endroit.

444 M. Henri Boilggu, description d’espéces de Lucanides

La mandibule droite est armée, elle aussi, 4 la base, d’une sorte de

carene formée par la réunion de deux dents, mais celles-ci sont plus

écartées, de sorte que la caréne est plus longue et que la deuxiéme

dent se trouve au-dela du milieu du bord interne. Cette deuxi¢me

dent est égale 4 l'autre ou plus forte; elle est placée en face du petit

denticule de la mandibule gauche. Au-deld se trouvent, trés pres

les uns les autres, un denticule et une dent un peu plus forte, qui

correspondent a ceux de la mandibule gauche, mais sont autrement

placés, puis la pointe apicale aigué, qui forme fourche avee une dent

supérieure constituée, comme a gauche, par la caréne externe, mais

qui est ici bien plus développée et conique. La fourche ainsi

formée, emboite et arréte la pointe de la mandibule gauche qui,

au repos, s’engage entres ses branches.

Les antennes sont courtes ; le scape légérement plus long que le

fouet ; les articles de celui-ci sont plus courts et plus larges que

chez squalidus; le peigne, formé par les trois articles terminaux,

a son premier article un peu plus large que les deux suivants.

Le prothorax a son bord antérieur formé par deux courbes légére-

ment concaves vers lavant. L’angle médian du bord antérieur,

trés obtus, n’est pas atténué. Les angles latéraux antérieurs sont

formés par une ligne droite, normale a Vaxe longitudinal et par le

cote, qui est également en ligne droite. Le sommet de l’angle ainsi

constitué est un peu arrondi, Les cétés sont divergents en avant,

depuis l’angle latéral médian, qui est bien marqué ; derriére cet

angle ils sont concaves extérieurement et} aboutissent 4 langle

postérieur, assez arrondi. Le bord postérieur est bisinué.

La surface supérieure n’est pas régulitrement bombée, mais

présente, de chaque cdté de Vaxe longitudinal, un groupe de trois

dépressions circulaires, & peu pres égales, disposées en triangle

isoctle, la base en avant. L’axe du groupe est sensiblement a mi-

distance de l’axe de symétrie longitudinale et du bord du prothorax.

Ecusson en ogive équilatére.

Elytres ayant la longueur du prothorax, de la téte et des mandi-

bules prissn semble. Leur marge latérale est légerement oblique et

leur extrémité s’arrondit en are de cercle. Elles sont assez bombées

et s'abaissent brusquement vers la pointe.

En dessous, le menton est large, trapézoidal, avec les angles

antérieurs fortement arrondis ; il est bordé de soies rousses, courtes

et raides, et porte une ponctuation cicatricielle irréguliére dont

chaque point donne naissance 4 une squamule roussitre.

Les tibias antérieurs sont droits ; leur bord externe est denticulé

en scie, avec deux ou trois dents plus saillantes. La fourche apicale

est portée par un prolongement assez avancé et ses dents, courbées en

aux, collections du British Museum. 445

dess us, arrivent au niveau de la naissance du troisiéme article des

tarses. Les tibias des deux autres paires portent une saillie émoussée

un peu au-dela du milieu.

Les tarses sont notablement plus courts que les tibias; Varticle

terminal trés long est au moins égal aux trois qui le précedent

immeédiatement, pris ensemble.

Toute la surface, en dessus et en dessous, est couverte de gros points

peu enfoncés, plus ou moins serr¢cs suivant les régions du corps, et

qui ne laissent lisses que les extrémités des mandibules et des dents

principales de celles-ci.

Ces points, d’aspect cicatriciel, donnent naissance 4 des squamules ;

ils sont arrondis, un peu moins serrés sur la téte que sur le prothorax.

Sur les élytres, ils sont un peu ovalaires, disposés en lignes trés

régulieres et dessinent cinq intervalles, rendant apparentes quatre

légéres cétes comprises entre la suture et la marge externe.

La couleur est un gris brun plus ou moins foncé, avec des

squamules et des soies rousses nombreuses, qui forment un revéte-

ment presque complet et correspondent a la ponctuation décrite plus

haut. La partie supérieure et les cotés des mandibules sont pourvues

(une garniture particulicrement serrée de ces squamules qui laissent

seulement découvertes les pointes des dents. Par contre ce revéte-

ment fait presque complétement défaut sur la majeure partie de la

surface inférieure des mandibules et sur la pointe terminale ; ces

régions sont d’un brun noir, brillantes, parsemées de points sétigéres,

et forment contraste avec la couleur de boue de Vinsecte. Les

squamules sont disposées en lignes sur les élytres ; elles forment six

rangées longitudinales principales, entre lesquelles se trouvent

d’autres squamules, également alignées, mais moins saillantes et

moins larges, les squamules principales correspondent a la suture ;

a la marge externe et aux quatre cotes intermédiaires déja signalées,

Suivant le développement mandibulaire, et probable-

ment suivant les localités, certains des caracteres indiqués

ci-dessus varient légerement.

Le plus grand male de Tandjong-Djati, qui est un peu

supérieur comme taille a celui de Seétinjak (21 mm. au

lieu de 19 mm.), a l épistome concave au lieu d’étre droit,

et le denticule entre la dent médiane et l’anté-apicale

place plus en arriere que chez celui-ci. Les dents princi-

pales de la mandibule droite sont presque égales, tandis

que la plus rapprochée de la base est notablement plus

faible chez le spécimen de Sétinjak.

Les males de petit développement ont 1’épistome

d’autant moins concave que leur taille est plus faible ;

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.) GG

446 M. Henri Rgpeau, description despeces de Lucanides

les mandibules restent dissymétriques, mais la disposition

des dents basales 4 droite et & gauche est beaucoup plus

analogue que chez les grands spécimens. Ces dents se

rapprochent l'une de l'autre, celles de droite restant tou-

jours un peu plus fortes. Les autres dents et denticules

restent visibles et distincts méme chez le plus petit male

de la série (15 mm.). Chez les exemplaires de cette taille,

la saillie des joues ne dépasse plus celle des canthus.

Q Les femelles ressemblent beaucoup aux males comme pro-

portions générales, et sont de la méme couleur ; toutefois le revéte-

ment de squamules est encore plus serré.

Les mandibules sont gréles; revétues de squamules vers la base,

ponctuées, nues et noirdtres vers Vextrémité. Elles sont armées

d'une seule dent interne, légérement oblique, située aux deux tiers

au moins de la longueur & partir de la base. Le bord frontal est

concave ; les angles antérieurs largement arrondis ; les canthus trés

arrondis en arriére ; la saillie des joues peu visible ; la surface de la

téte réguliérement bombée ; |’ épistome convexe.

Le prothorax ressemble 4 celui du male, bien que moins élargi en

avant ; les dépressions externes sont effacées, de sorte qu’ il n’ en

reste que quatre, disposées en trapéze, la petite base en avant.

Le menton est légérement trapézoidal, avec les angles antérieurs

fortement arrondis; sa surface est couverte de points cicatriciels

enfoncés.

Les tibias sont canaliculés, rugueux, nettement concaves sur leur

bord externe, trés finement denticulés vers la pointe, avec une seule

dent qui précéde immédiatement la fourche. Le prolongement qui

porte celle-ci présente, sur son bord interne, la dent caractéristique

que l’on voit chez les femelles de ce groupe. Cette dent est trés

développée et porte elle-méme un denticule interne. La fourche

atteint le milieu du quatriéme article des tarses.

Les autres caractéres n’offrent rien d’intéressant a signaler.

Les dimensions principales sont, en millimétres :—

Longueur totale, mandibules incuses: ¢ ¢ 15 4 21,9913 4

16.

Longueur des mandibules: ¢ ¢ 2544'2, 9 9,15 a 2.

Largeur maxima: ¢ 4, tte et prothorax, 5:5 a 8.

@ 9, élytres, 5°5 4 6°5.

Niaipius BIrRMANICUS, n. sp.

Cette espece appartient a la section des Nigidius

caractérisée par des canthus concaves qui, jusqu’ a présent,

aux collections du British Musewm. 447

parait localisée dans la région indo-malaise. Elle est

d’ assez grande taille, étroite, paralléle, et médiocrement

brillante. Le British Museum n’ en posséde qu’ un seul

exemplaire, pris & Rangoon.

Téte rectangulaire ; bord frontal formé par deux courbes légére-

ment concaves séparées par une saillie 4 l extrémité de laquelle se

trouve la levre supérieure constituée par un bourrelet légérement

biconvexe. Les angles latéraux antérieurs sont presque droits ; les

canthus s’en détachent par une courbe concave extérieurement qui

aboutit 4 un angle droit, légérement émoussé, formant l’angle anté-

rieur du canthus. De cet angle part une courbe légérement concave

extérieurement qui aboutit & Vangle postérieur du canthus, plus

saillant extérieurement que l’angle antérieur, et assez aigu. Sauf

vers ce dernier angle qui est assez prononcé, les canthus sont presque

droits et paralleles entre eux. Vus de cdté, ils forment cuiller,

La surface de la téte est couverte de points cicatriciels, confluents

en arriére, moins gros en avant et plus espacés sur le milieu de la

partie frontale. Au voisinage de chaque angle antérieur se trouve

une fossette oblique entierement lisse placée & l’extrémité d’une

courbe en accolade dont la pointe est tournée en arriére. Les

canthus ont une ponctuation cicatricielle fine et serrée qui leur

donne un aspect dépoli. La partie renflée qui forme l’articulation

de Ja téte dans le prothorax est elle-méme dépolie et couverte de

points cicatriciels écartés, réguliérement disposés. Les mandibules

sont assez longues, avec la dent supérieure trés développée, Comme

d’habitude celle de gauche est tridentée et celle de droite bidentée

les deux dents intermédiaires de gauche recevant entre elles la dent

unique qui leur correspond a droite. Ces dents sont assez fortes.

La dent inférieure de la mandibule gauche est plus voisine de l’apex

que Ja supérieure.

La dent supérieure en forme de corne, est arquée, légérement inclinée

en avant, un peu renflée en arriére 4 sa base. Sa surface supérieure

est, comme celle des mandibules, couverte de points cicatriciels; sa

surface latérale et inférieure ainsi que celle des mandibules, est lisse,

brillante, avec une fine ponctuation éparse, visible seulement a la

loupe.

Le menton, convexe 4 la base, est creusé vers le bord antérieur

qui est bilobé. Les cétés sont légerement divergents ; la surface est

couverte de points cicatriciels confluents.

Les antennes ont un peigne & lamelles peu développées, avec les

tranches antérieures seules feutrées,

Le prothorax, plus large que la téte, est presque paralléle, 4 peine

élargi en avant. Les angles latéraux antérieurs sont arrondis en

GG2

448 M. Henri ggpileau, description @especes de Lueanaides

demi-cercle ; le bord antérieur est convexe. L’aréte qui forme le

rebord habituel est peu saillante ; elle reste & peu pres parallele au

bord antérieur mais est un peu plus sinueuse. Au milieu existe une

petite saillie qui se prolonge par une faible nervure jusqu’au bord

antérieur. Les cétés latéraux sont droits jusqw 4 langle médian,

bien marqué, dont le sommet est largement arrondi, puis concaves

jusqw a langle postérieur qui est également bien arrondi. Le bord

postérieur est tres légerement bisinué. Sur le disque existe une

fossette longitudinale médiane qui prend naissance immé¢diatement

en arrivre du rebord antérieur et atteint presque le bord postérieur,

La surface n’est que partiellement ponctuée. Les régions lisses

sont formées par la partie centrale oti se trouve la fossette et par

quatre petites surfaces isolées. Le contour de la principale partie

lisse est assez complexe, cette surface s’étend un peu le long du

rebord antérieur et de la marge postérieure et forme, en outre, une

troisitme expansion intermédiaire. Un peu en arricre de celle-ci est,

de chaque cdté du prothorax, une petite plage isolée lisse ; une autre,

un peu plus petite, moins nette, se trouve dans le prolongement de

Vexpansion médiane, au voisinage du bord latéral. La fossette milieu

porte une ponctuation trés éparse, plus grosse dans le fond.

L’écusson est petit, arrondi au sommet, avec une ponctuation

cicatricielle.

Les élytres sont paralléles, arrondis ensemble a l’extrémité; les

angles huméraux ne sont pas atténués et sont un peu saillants. Les

cétes sont étroites, en forme de nervures ; il en existe huit sur chaque

élytre, entre la suture et la marge latérale. La deuxieme et la

sixiime céte se réunissent en arriire ainsi que la troisitme et la

cinquitme qui enferment entre elles la quatriéme. Dans chaque

intervalle concave se voit, au fond, une chainette formée de gros

points cicatriciels trés peu enfoncés, ronds, et sur les cdtés, une ligne

de points beaucoup plus petits.

En dessous, les pices sternales, sauf le milieu du métasternum,

sont couvertes de points cicatriciels, Les épisternes sont canaliculés

et lisses. Les épiméres prothoraciques sont lisses en avant. I] n’y

a pas de saillie postérieure au prosternum, qui est seulement un peu

gonflé et bombé, tandis que le mésosternum est légtrement creusé et

concave. Les segments abdominaux sont brillants, avec une ponc-

tuation peu prononcée sur les derniers segments, mais devenant plus

forte et cicatricielle sur ceux qui sont voisins du thorax.

Les tibias antérieurs portent, outre la fourche terminale, trois ou

quatre dents bien marquées et d’autres, plus effacces, plus voisines

des fémurs. De plus, leur bord externe est légérement dentelé en

scie. Les tibias intermédiaires et les postérieurs portent une forte

aux collections du British Museum. 449

épine aigué au-deli du milieu, précédée par une autre plus petite.

Les tarses ont l’article terminal sensiblement égal aux deux qui le

précédent, pris ensemble.

Les dimensions principales sont :—

Longueur totale, mandibules incluses_ . : 18°4 mm.

Longueur des mandibules ; : : a ae

Largeur maxima, au prothorax : F 6:9) .,

NIGIDIUS LATICORNIS, n. Sp.

Espeéce tres remarquable et tout a fait distincte, repré-

sentée par plusieurs exemplaires. Ceux du British Museum

viennent des Monts Nyika, Nyassaland, et ont été pris

entre 6,000 et 7,000 ft. en juillet 1896, par Mr. A. Whyte.

Je possede Vautres specimens regus par MM. ‘Staudinger

et Bang Haas en 1908 et venant, a ce que je crois, du

Kilimandjaro.

Téte longue, plus étroite en arricre, & peu pres moitié moins large

que le prothorax; sa surface supérieure est aplatie, un peu concave,

presque lisse, brillante. Le bord antérieur a la forme d’une accolade

dont le sommet serait bifurqué. Les angles latéraux sont tronqués ;

les canthus s’en détachent nettement et forment une forte saillie.

Leur bord antérieur est convexe, leur bord latéral presque rectiligne

mais oblique, puis convexe extérieurement, de sorte que la plus

grande largeur des canthus est presque a leur naissance, bien en

avant de Vceil, disposition tout 4 fait différente de celle que l’on

observe en général dans le genre. Vue de cdté, la marge externe

du canthus décrit une courbe convexe vers le bas, bien au dessous

du bord inférieur de V’ceil supérieur. En arriére, la partie lisse et

légérement concave de la téte est limitée par deux bosses peu sail-

lantes. Derricre celles-ci, la téte se renfle vers son articulation.

Mandibules dissymétriques, celle de gauche étant armée de deux

dents avant l’apex dont une, plus prés de la base, supérieure, et

Vautre, plus forte, inférieure, tandis que la mandibule de droite ne

porte qu'une dent, disposée pour s’emboiter entre les deux dents de

la mandibule opposée. Chaque mandibule porte une trés forte pro-

tubérance supérieure. Cette corne, dirigée vers le haut et en arriére

est élargie et aplatie, au lieu d’étre plus ou moins cylindrique comme

chez la plupart des Nigidius, et son extrémité, pins large que sa

base, est bifurquée. Cette disposition est tout a fait spéciale et

caractéristique.

Le menton, élargi en avant, a son bord antérieur bilobé ; sa surface

450 M. Henri Boileau, description d’especes de Lucanides

assez convexe, est couverte de points cicatriciels assez gros et rap-

prochés. Les antennes sont plutét gréles.

Le prothorax est large; son bord antérieur, fortement relevé,

forme 4 sa partie supérieure le contour 4 trois pointes que l’on

rencontre chez beaucoup de Nigidius, mais qui est ici particulitrement

accusé. La pointe médiane, plue aigué que les latérales, se prolonge

sur la partie déclive du bord antérieur par une aréte 4 peu pres

verticale. Le disque est marqué par une fossette ovoide, profonde,

dans laquelle se voient des rangées longitudinales de points cicatri-

ciels peu apparents. La région médiane de la fossette n’est pas

ponctuée. Une petite dépression, & peu pres circulaire, analogue

& un gros point enfoncé, se trouve derritre chaque saillie du bord

antérieur ; une autre, ovalaire, un peu plus grande, existe entre

celle-ci et le bord latéral ; enfin il y a une troisiéme paire de dépres-

sions prés du bord postérieur, presque & la méme distance de Vaxe

que les fossettes de la premitre paire.

Les angles latéraux antérieurs sont un peu en arriére de la partie

la plus avancée du bord antérieur et & peu pres sur la méme ligne

que les trois saillies formées par la partie relevée de ce bord ; ces

angles sont obtus, mais non émoussés au sommet, leurs cdtés anté-

rieurs sont un peu concaves tandis que leurs cétés latéraux, presque

droits, convergent un peu en arritre. L’angle latéral médian est

arrondi, et se raccorde par une ligne oblique, sensiblement droite,

avec l’angle postérieur qui est aussi arrondi. Toute la surface du

pronotum est lisse et polie, cependant les cdtés et le bord antérieur

portent une ponctuation qui en atténue le brillant.

Lécusson est plat, ogival aigu, et porte quelques points.

Les élytres sont longues, brillantes, fortement striées. Les inter-

valles relevés sont assez étroits. On peut en compter huit, et méme

neuf, suture non comprise, mais les six premiers & partir du bord

sutural sont mieux formés. Le quatri¢me intervalle se termine en

arriére dans une boucle formée par le troisiéme et le cinquiéme, eux-

mémes entourés par la boucle formée par la réunion du deuxitme et

du sixitme. Les autres intervalles ne se rejoignent pas et se perdent

dans la partie apicale. Les sillons qui séparent les intervalles relevés

sont marqués par une seule ligne de points cicatriciels peu profonds.

Le prosternum porte une ponetuation cicatricielle, il forme en

arriére une protubérance assez marquée, convexe en dessous et légere-

ment concave en arrivre. Le mésosternum et les cétés du métasternum

présentent également une assez grosse ponctuation cicatricielle trés

peu enfoncée. Les fémurs antérieurs sont en forme de gouttitre

dans la partie qui recoit le tibia replié. Le bord antérieur du tibia

est régulitrement denté, Les tibias intermédiaires et les postérieurs

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911. Plate XX XIII.

Louts Planet, del. André & Sleigh, Ltd.

New SPEcIES oF LUCANIDAE.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXITI.

Fie.

1. Sphenognathus giganteus, n. sp. g, p. 428.

2. Sphenognathus giganteus, n. sp. 9, p. 430.

3. Rhaetulus speciosus, n. sp. ¢, p. 437.

Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond. 1911. Plate XXXIV.

Louis Planet, del. André & Sleigh, Lid.

New SPEcIES OF LUCANIDAE.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIV.

Fic.

. Sphenognathus mandibularis, n. sp. g, p. 426.

_ Lucanus Dohertyi, n. sp. 3, p. 435.

_ Lwanus Fryi, n. sp. ¢ major, p. 431.

| Lucanus Fryi, n. sp. ¢ minor, p. 431.

. Rhaetulus speciosus, n. sp. ¢, antenna, p. 437.

oe w b

aux collections du British Museum. 451

portent trois épines de grandeur croissante vers l’extrémité. Les

tarses sont notablement plus courts que les tibias; l'article terminal

sensiblement égal aux deux qui le précedent immédiatement, pris

ensemble.

Les dimensions principales sont :—

Longueur totale, mandibules incluses 14°7 mm. 4 17°5 mm.

Longueur des mandibules é fe Pde ae ae ea

Largeur maxima, au prothorax. Be OPO a ay Ole ag

EXPLANATION OF PLaTES XXXIITI, XXXIV.

[See Explanation facing the PLaTEs.]

XIX. On the Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera.

First Supplement. By Ernest A. ELLIoTT,

F.Z.S., and CLAUDE Mor .ey, F.ZS.

[Read March 1st, 1911.]

SINCE the publication of our Paper upon this subject,

in these Transactions in 1907, much additional matter

has come to our knowledge, principally through the works

of Nees von Esenbeck, Dours, Professor Thomson, Curtis,

Rev. T. A. Marshall, Dalla Torre, Kieffer, and papers in

the earlier E. M. M., and by Pierre in Révue Linn. of 1903.

This material now appears to have assumed sufficient

bulk for publication, and should be used in conjunction

with the original Paper, with which it is uniform and

concurrently numbered. Additional hosts are printed in

capitals and those already known to be attacked, but

upon which additional observations are noted, in italics

as before.

Oa. CICINDELA CAMPESTRIS, L.

Og. CICINDELA SYLVATICA, L.

It has recently become known that our rare Aculeate,

Methoca ichneumonoides, Latr., is a true external parasite

on these species. First, Gottfrid Adlerz observed (Archiv.

for Zoologi, 1903, pp. 255-8) Methoca attacking larva of

C. sylvatica on the bank of the Ljungan in Medelpad, Central

Sweden. Secondly, the same author (lib. cit., 1906, iv.

pp. 1-48) describes in detail experiments with J/ethoca

on C. campestris larvae in captivity. And lastly, B. E.

Bouwman saw (Tijdsch. v. Ent., 1909, pp. 284-294) Methoca

enter a burrow of Cicindela larva at Breda in June; it

paralysed its head, thorax and two basal segments, also

biting the sternum; the egg is laid on the ventral

surface of thorax; the Methoca emerges in four or five

days, and appears to suck juices from Cicindela larva

without any distinct incision; it leaves its host in about

three weeks and forms a cocoon of sand-grains; no male

Methoca were seen. Donisthorpe tells us it probably also

attacks Cicindela germanica, L., since he has found it at

Blackgang Chine.

TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.)

Hymenopterous Parasites af Coleoptera. 458

4a. CHLAENIUS IMPUNCTIFRONS.*

A new species of the Proctotrypid genus Prosacantha

has been bred by Riley from this Carabid in North

America and named by him (Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1893,

p. 191) P. caraborwm.

6a. GYRINUS.*

A species of this genus is said by Ashmead (Canadian

Entom., 1894, p. 25) to be preyed upon in Java by his

Tryphonid, Gausocentrus gyrint.

7. Gyrinus natator, Scop.

Hellins supplementing (E. M. M., 1881, xvii, p. 88

-Parfitt’s notes (/.c., p. 79) on Hemiteles gyrini, says that,

besides H. gyrini, H. persector and Pezomachus ? viduus, a

small species of Pteromalus emerged from the cocoons of

G. natator at Exeter.

10. Creophilus maaillosus, Linn.

11. Ocypus olens, Miill.

We were much gratified to discover, after the publica-

tion of our note on the latter species, Mr. W. F. Frohawk’s

account of undoubtedly the same host and parasite at

Eltham in October 1883 (Entom., 1886, p. 225); in this

case there were but nine parasites. Those we mentioned

very certainly belong to the genus Proctotrypes, Latr.

(= Codrus, Jur.) and not to Apanteles, as surmised; but

the species is less positive, since those bred by Frohawk

belonged to P. ater, Nees, while Kawall refers his to

C. pallidipes, Jur., which also is not uncommon in Britain.

It will be noted that Frohawk has no hesitation in calling

the host-larva that of C. maxillosus, while we supposed

it from purely circumstantial evidence to be that of

0. olens. Curtis figures a similar parasitic pupa (Farm

Insects, pl. G, fig. 47). Doubt might be cast upon the

identity of the host of Proctotrypes calear, Hal. (¢f. Entom.,

1867, p. 342) had not the legs of Lithobius been expressly

mentioned. Mr. Edward Step has given us four females

of Proctotrypes pallidipes, Jur., which he bred in 1909 from

a larva of C. mazillosus, found at Worcester Park, Surrey.

454 Messrs. E. A. ee and Claude Morley on the

12. Cafius xantholoma, Grav.

Mr, Frank Morey took six Platymischus dilatatus among

this species on the beach at high-water mark in Fresh-

water Bay, I. W., on August 31, 1906, and Mr. P. de

la Garde found it beneath a stone on the river beach at

Teignmouth in June 1909.

128. XANTHOLINUS.

“Mr. Smith exhibited the larva of a Xantholinus, to

the underside of which were attached the pupae of a

species of Proctotrupidae” (Proc. Ent. Soc. Meeting,

May 4, 1868).

12y, ANISOTOMA CINNAMOMMEA, Panz.

I have seen a small 2 Alysiid, bred by Donisthorpe

from truffles together with this beetle, though the

parasitism was not established.—(C. M., ii, ’08.)

13. Teretriws picipes, Fab.

Walker simply remarks (Ent. Mag., 1838, p. 141) that

Dalman “supposes Perilampus micans to be a parasite of

Lyctus canaliculatus and Dendrophilus yicipes, particularly

of the latter” (cf Swed. Trans., 1822, p. 402). Nees,

however, is much more explicit (Hym. Mon., ii, 49):

“In Westrogothia, in fulcris aedium, quercinis, a Lycto

canaliculato et Histere picipede perforatis, e foveolis illorum

serena die provenientem a se captum esse, b. Dalmanus

memorat, argumentum inde hauriens hanc speciem meta-

morphosin in /isteris picipedis larvis subire. Scilicet

cum nulla sibi ab ullo collectore hujus insecti exempla

unquam missa sint, neque id a se inventum nisi in illis

fulcris, in quibus Hister picipes degeret, cum Lyctus

canaliculatus ubique fere vulgaris hoc consorte liber omnino-

videatur, ab infrequentia dicta Histeris etiam pendere

Perilampi, hujus consortis, exiguam per orbem copiam.

Nos autem simillimum ejus prope Sickershausen, ubi

Hister picipes perquam rarus occurrit, Junio, Julio et

Augusto mensibus in floribus, praesertim umbellatarum,

v.c. Pastinaceae, plus una vice cepimus.” Is Teretrvus

simply inquiline in the Lyctus burrows ?

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 455

13a. COCCINELLID.*

There is a specimen of Huphorus sculptus, Cresson, a

North American Braconid, in Marshall’s collection, in

Brit. Mus., together with a perfect Coccinellid beetle, and

the cocoon spun by this parasite in emerging from it.

16a. COCCINELLA QUOTATA * (= Mysia pullata,

Say).

168. COCCINELLA SANGUINEA * (= C. novem-

notata, Herbst.).

16y. HIPPODAMIA CONVERGENS, Guér.*

168. CYCLONEDA SANGUINEA, Linn.* ;

lée. PSYLLOCORA VIGINTIMACULATA, Say.*

From these five American Coccinellids, Howard records

his Chaleid, Homalotylus obscurus (Descr. N. Amer. Chal.

22 et Insect Life, 1891, p. 193), upon his own and

Chittenden’s authority. His parasite is now synonymised

with H. terminalis, Say (cf. Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus., 1900, p. 378).

16¢. SCYMNUS.

“ Eneyrtus fumifascia, Walk.,” a MS. name, is said

by Dours (Cat. Hym. France, 91) to have been bred from

a larva of this genus by Perris. Scymnus larvae are, how-

ever, said to prey on those of the Hemipterous Alewrodes

Chelidonii, Linn., from which the Hncyrtus more probably

emerged (c/. Westw. Introd. 11, 443).

167. SCYMNUS + PINI-ABIETIS.*

From this North American species, Shimer records

(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1869, p. 385) a parasite, which

he describes as Hutelus Scymnae, in a note. It is now

synonymised with Homalotylus terminalis, Say.

166. SCYMNUS CERVICALIS, Muls.*

Homalotylus similis is described by Ashmead (Trans.

Amer. Ent. Soc., 1887, p. 190) as preying upon this

species in Florida.

456 Messrs. E. A. Hipott and Claude Morley on the

léz. SCYMNUS FLAVIFRONS, Blkb.*

From a species under this name, Howard (Proc. U. 8.

Nat. Mus., 1898, p. 239) and Ashmead (/.c., 1900, p. 389)

record the former’s Chalcid, Heterarthrellus australiensis,

bred at Parametta, in New South Wales.

18a, ENDOMYCHUS BIGUTTATUS, Say.*

Ashmead has erected a new genus for the reception of

a Chalcid species, Endomychobius flavipes (Trans. Amer.

Ent. Soc., 1896, p. 227), bred from this host in British

Columbia.

19a, STELIDOTA STRIGOSA, Gyll.*

The North American Proctotrypes obsoletus, Say (Boston

Journ. Nat. Hist., 1836, p. 377), has been recorded from

this Nitidulid by Riley, Howard and Comstock,

21a. ANOMMATUS 12-STRIATUS, Miill.

Mr. E. A. Fitch “exhibited a new species of Procto-

trupidae from the Rev. T. A. Marshall, taken in Rothen

Wood in company with Anommatus 12-striatus, four to

six feet under ground” (Meeting of Ent. Soc., July 5,

1882).

22a. SILVANUS SURINAMENSIS, Linn.

Webster has observed this species to be preyed upon in

America by Neoscleroderma (Ateleopterus) tarsale, Ashm.

(Kief., Proct., i, 286; cf Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 45).

228. CATOGENUS RUFUS, Fab.*

Kieffer adds that Ashmead’s Proctotrypid, Apenesia

coronata, has been bred from this American Cucujid

(Proct., 1, 236).

24a, TROGODERMA TARSALE, Melsheim.*

Belfrage has observed Laelius trogodermatis, Ashm., to

prey upon the larvae of this species in British Columbia

(Kief., Proct., i, 237).

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 457

248. MACRONYCHUS QUADRITUBERCULATUS,

Miill.

M. Pérez tells us that in France a species of Chalcid,

named by him Péteromalus macronychivorus (Ann. Soc.

France, 18638, p. 631), has been bred from this host.

25a. DERMESTES VULPINUS, Fab.

Exochus gravipes, Grav., is given by Dalla Torre

(Cat. Hym., iii, 211) as parasitic upon this cosmopolitan

beetle, upon the authority of van Vollenhoven; but we

have failed to discover the reference and consider it

almost certainly an error, since the Exochini are, probably

exclusively, attached to Lepidoptera.

26a. ATTAGENUS PELLIO, Linn.

We also feel sceptical respecting the accuracy of

Doumere’s record of the parasitism of Jchnewmon ruspator

= Odontomerus dentipes, Gmel., upon this species (cf.

his observations on the subject, Ann. Soc. Fr., 1859, Bull.,

pp. 172-3).

28a. LEPIDODERMA ALBOTECTA, Waterh.*

Like Oryctes in Kurope, this species is attacked by

a Scolia in the Antipodes. Froggatt says (Australian

Insects, 1907, 105) of Dielis formosa, Guér., “this imsect

has been found in Queensland destroying the under-

ground grub of the Sugar-cane Beetle (Lepidoderma albo-

hirtum,” sic).

32. Anthaxia quadripunctata, Linn.*

Kriechbaumer gives his new Ophionid, Pyracmon

pectoralis (Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien., 1890, p. 484, f) as

also parasitic upon this beetle.

32a. ANTHAXIA MORIO, Fab.*

“ Atanycolus denigrator, Nees. Par. de I’ Antaaxia

moro. (Perris).’—(Dours’ Cat., 74).

458 Messrs. E. Agpiliott and Claude Morley on the

328. CHRYSOBOTHRIS FEMORATA, Oliv.*

From this American Buprestid, Riley and Howard have

bred Labena apicalis, Cress. (Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., iu,

522).

32y. CHRYSOBOTHRIS DELECTA, Lec.*

Ashmead describes his Chaleid, Huchrysia maculipennis

(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1896, p. 232), which had been

bred in California from this beetle.

326. CHRYSOBOTHRIS.

We are indebted to Mr. E. P. Stebbing for three males

of the Pimplid, Ephialtes wridipennis, Morl., which he

bred from some species of this genus at Simla about

1902.

34a, AGRILUS OTIOSUS, Say.*

A new species of Hurytoma has been described by

Ashmead (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 325), under

the name Z£. agrili, which was believed to have emerged

from this beetle in Virginia.

348. TRACHYS MINUTA, Linn.

From this species, Dours tells us (Cat. Syn. Hym. de

France, 1874), that MJicrogaster albipennis, Nees (p. 80),

Eulophus cervicornis, Forst. (p. 107), and Hntedon caelestas,

Gour. (p. 109), have been bred by M. Goureau in France.

35a. MELASIS BUPRESTOIDES, Linn.

Diospilus melasidis, Marsh., of which both sexes were

bred by M. Decaux from the larvae of this species in

France, is described by the former (André, Bracon.

d’Europ., i, p. 234).

36. Agriotes obscwrus, Linn.

Curtis states (Farm Insects, 159) that the wireworm,

whence the destroyer was shown to Kirby by Mr. Paul,

of Starston, in Norfolk, was A. obscurus. In a fully-grown

wireworm, Curtis himself found (/.c., 181) two or three

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 459

white maggots, and another had already changed into

a chrysalis from which he could see that it was a

hymenopterous insect (Proctotrypes, in footnote). He

quotes Bierkander (Communic. Bd. of Agric., vol. iv.

p. 414), who says that six of thirty wireworms he had

under observation were parasitised, and that “from one

of these worms, with the loss of life of the host, six, ten,

thirteen, to twenty guests have come out. Which

ichneumon this is, I have not yet discovered.”

36a. AGRIOTES LINEATUS, Linn.

Curtis also figures (Farm Insects, pl. G, fig. 46) a larva,

believed by him (/.¢., 198) to be that of this beetle,

infested by Proctotrypes larvae, one of which pupated

and protruded, accidentally he erroneously considers

(cf. Creophilus mazillosus, ante), through the host’s skin.

It was sent him in August, 1841, from Surrey.

368. MALTHODES LACINIATUS, Kiesw.*

Nees suggests (Mon. Hym., i, 243) some association

between Telephora laciniata and his Braconid Alysia

manducator on Hieracewm ; but the latter is now known

to attack Diptera.

40a, THANASIMUS.

From an undetermined species of this genus, Ashmead

has described a parasite under the name Tetrastichus

thanasimt (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 343).

43a. PTINUS.

Giard has given (Bull. Soc. Fr., 1898, p. 50; cf Kief.,

Proct., 1. 451 e¢ 455) an interesting account “Sur les

Cephalonomia parasites des larves de Ptinides,” in which

he describes a new species, C. Xambeui, whose larvae he

found preyed gregariously to the number of fifteen or

twenty in Ptini-cocoons.

438. PTINUS FUR, Linn.

For the account of parasitism of some Proctotrypid,

which Kieffer (Proct., i, 225) supposes to belong to the

460 Messrs. E. _ and Claude Morley on the

genus Cephalonomia, cf. Lichtenstein’s “ Note sur Gona-

topus ptinorum” (Bull. Soc. France, 1874, p. xx1).

46. Anobiwm.

Walker says Cheiropachus tutela is found “on beams of

wood perforated by Anobiwm” (Ent. Mag., 1837, p. 15);

that T'rigonoderus ductilis occurs “on posts and beams of

wood perforated by Anobium, ete.” (l.¢., p. 18); and that

f f of Calosoter aestivalis “ stand in clusters near the holes

perforated by Anobiwn” (I. ¢., p. 360).

47. Anobium domesticum, Foure.

Dalla Torre says (Cat. Hym., 111, 434), upon Rondani’s

authority, that Pimpla inquisitor, Scop. = stercorator, Fab.,

also preys upon A. striatum; this appears to be a dis-

proportionately large parasite. Zheocolax formiciformis,

Westw., is said by Fitch (Entom., 1881, p. 21) to certainly

have been parasitic upon this beetle in an old aquarium-

stand, whence they were plentifully bred by Mr. E. A.

Butler. And early in May, 1909, I received many speci-

mens from a lady, who found them emerging from the

holes of this beetle in a valuable wooden box at Grantham.

I have recently taken imagines of both Spathius cxarator,

Linn., and Hecabolus sulcatus, Curt., in outhouses in my

garden at Monk Soham among those of the beetle ; both

sexes of the former occur annually, but were exceptionally

abundant in 1909.—(C. M., 1911.)

47a. ANOBIUM VILLOSUM, Bon.*

Dours records (Cat. 103) Pleromalus gonatus, Walk., and

Kieffer (Proct., i, 421) Lacliws Perrisi, Kief., upon Perris’

authority, as parasitic upon this host.

49. Anobiwm panicewm, Linn.

More recently Moller has described another parasite of

this cosmopolitan beetle, under the name <Arthrolytus

puncticolliis (Knut. 'Tidskr., 1882, p. 180, e¢ 1883, p. 104)

from Sweden.

51. Ernobius mollis, Linn.

The synonymy we previously gave, queried, is correct.

Rondani has confirmed Westwood’s doubtful connection

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 461

between Anobiz and Perilampus angustus (cf. No. 46),

Nees, by breeding out the latter from 2. mollis, according

to Dalla Torre (Cat. Chal. 354). During a shower on

June 12, 1908, we were sheltering in a wood at Wangford

St. Martin, Suffolk, and took a 2 of Doryctes striatellus,

Nees, hovering at a beetle-boring, evidently with the

intention of ovipositing therein; on cutting out the boring,

which was in a pine railing, we discovered larvae and

immature imagines of £. mollis. No host has hitherto

been assigned to this Braconid, but it is probably not

uncommon since Mr. Donisthorpe has taken it also “ at

a beetle-boring in fence, 1907.”—(MS.)

54, Anobiwm pertinax, Linn.*

Goureau also found Cerocephala cornigera, Westw., to

be parasitic upon A. pertinax (Dours’ Cat., 92); and Dalla

Torre gives Polyclistus (Exochus) femoralis, Fourc., on the

authority of van Vollenhoven (Hym. Cat., iii, 216); the

latter more probably attacks Pyralids.

54a. NICOBIUM CASTANEUM, Oliv., var.

hirtum, Thg.*

Kieffer (Proct., 1, 234) says that Scleroderma domesticum,

Latr., preys upon Nicobivm hirsutum—probably a lapsus

calami for this variety—and undergoes its ecdysis in the

cocoons of the Coleopteron: they all belonged to the

var. longiventre, Kief.

57. Ptilinus pectinicornis, Linn.

Note that the host of Polysphincta clegans is not

specified by Ratzeburg (Ichn. d. Forst., ii, 101). Of

Hecabolus sulcatus, Curt., Haliday writes (Ent. Mag., 1837,

p- 49), “In larvis Ptalini pectinicornis sobolem procreat.—

D™= 'T. G. Rudd, in Curtis’ Br. Ent.” Smith adds Calosota

vernalis, Curt., to the parasites of this species (Trans. Ent.

Soc., 1852, p. 83). There are also two 2 2? Spathius exarator

in Marshall’s col. labelled “ Bishops Teignton, ex Ptilinus

pectinicornis.” Mr, K. A. Newbery found several of both

sexes of H. sulcatus inside the borings of this beetle in an

oak gate-post during June, 1911, at Dovercourt, Essex.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.) HH

462 Messrs. E. gg lliott and Claude Morley on the

61. Dorcatoma dresdensis, Herbst.*

Lracon (Diospilus) melanoscelus, Nees, and £&. dispar,

Nees, are also recorded (Nees, Mon. Hym., 63 et 64) from

the same host and situation as those previously mentioned.

62. Dorcatoma setosella, Muls.

Kieffer (Proct., i, 235) says the parasite already referred

to belongs to his v. swlcata.

63. Sinoxylon sexdentatum, Oliv.*

At the same place it is said that the specimen recorded

by Giraud belongs to Kieffer’s var. sulcata ; at lib. cit., 420,

Laelius tibialis, Kief., and L. Perrisi, Kief., are also said

to have been bred by Perris at Mont-de-Marsan from this

host.

64. Bostrychus capucinus, Linn.

Perris’ record very possibly referred to Doryctes /euco-

gaster, Nees, both sexes of which were bred in some

numbers from this beetle in Austrian oak in a timber-

yard near the Millwall Docks in London during July

1908, as was recorded (HK. M. M., 1908, p. 270) under the

erroneous name Bracon flavator, Fab. (corrected Entom.,

1909, p. 61). The host had bred in this locality for two

or three years.

66. Lyctus canaliculatus, Fab.

Cf. notes under No. 18, ante. Dalla Torre (Cat. Chal.,

355) gives Perilampus micans as preying without doubt

upon the present species, upon Rondani’s authority.

67a. LYCTUS STRIATUS, Melsheim.*

A new species of the Chalcididous genus Luryioma has

been described by Ashmead (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1894,

p. 825) from this beetle, under the name /. lycti, from

Virginia.

S18. iss

Chittenden has bred a new species of Proctotrypidae,

from an undetermined individual of this genus in New

York, which has been described as Anoxus Chittendenri,

Ashm. (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 68).

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 463

68. Cis boletr, Scop.

As to Nees’ synonymy of Meteorus atrator, Curt., cf. his

Mon., 11,399. <Astichus arithmeticus, Forst., is also recorded

as parasitic upon this beetle by Dours (Cat., 107). Ceph-

alonomyia formiciformis “were taken by Mr. C. J. Pool,

in burrows of Cis boleti, in fungus from Epping and

Enfield” (Ent. Rec., 1907, p. 260).

68a. CIS PYGMAEUS, Marsh.

Donisthorpe found some specimens of Cephalonomyia

Sormiciformis, near London, “on a tree infested by Cis

pygmacus” (Ent. Rec., 1907, p. 260).

688. CIS FUSCIPES, Mell.

“ Plastanoxus Chittendeni, Ashm., parasite de Cis fuscipes

dans des champignons,” in America (Kief., Proct., 1, 236).

69. Cis laminatus, Mell.

Kieffer (Proct., 1, 235) says the parasite of this beetle,

already mentioned, belongs to his var. swlcata,

72a. ERGATES FABER, Linn.*

Dalla Torre gives Sichelia (Xylonomus) filiformis, Grav.,

as having been bred by Ratzeburg from this Longicorn

(Cat. Hym., iii, 383); we fail to follow him.

728. PHORACANTHA OBSCUBA, Don.*

The peculiar Megalyra fascipennis, Westw., has been

seen by Mr. Rowland Turner to actually oviposit in the

burrows of this species at Mackay, in Queensland (v. v.),

W. W. Froggatt tells us (Australian Insects, 1907, 90)

that he also has bred the same parasite from larvae of

this genus.

72y. PIESARTHRIUS MARGINELLUS, Hope.*

Froggatt adds (did. cit., 89) that he has found as many

as fifty Aulacus apicalis, Westw., “each enclosed in a thin

parchment cocoon, all matted together in a single cavity ”

of this longicorn, upon the larvae of which they had preyed,

in Australia.

Hh?

464 Messrs. ie Elliott and Claude Morley on the

73. Cerambyx.

“Sir §. S. Saunders exhibited Scleroderma domestica,

Westwood, received from M. André, bred from the larva of

a longicorn beetle” (Meeting Ent. Soc., Nov. 2, 1881) ;

and read further notes respecting it (Meeting, Dec. 7,

1881).

74a. OXYPLEURUS NODIERI, Muls.*

An account of the ektoparasitism of Scleroderma donves-

dicum, Latr., upon this rare longicorn at Arcachon, Gironde,

is given in Proc. Ent. Soc., 1881, pp. xl cf xxxili:—Rev.

Pere Belon found about a dozen larvae on a single host

(cf. also Kief., Proct., 1, 238).

75. Aromia moschata, Linn.

Polysphincta lignicola is also given as parasitic upon

Cerambyx moschatus by Dours (Cat., 67). No doubt can

be felt that Bouché is in error in recording (Stett. Ent.

Zeit., 1847, p. 164) the well-known parasite of fossors,

Perithous mediator, Fab., from this species. On August 3,

1908, Morley received from Mr. Roland Smith a perfect

¢ of this beetle, taken recently by the Lea at Clapton,

from which two ichneumonidous larvae had emerged the

day after he had killed it with chloroform ; no knowledge

could be gleaned of the nature of the larvae, which,

however, go to prove the species not immune from attack

in Britain. Elhott captured a Q EHphialtes heteropus at

Matley Bog in the New Forest, at a spot where this

beetle is abundant, in June, 1907.

75a. PURPURICENUS KOEHLERI, Linn.*

From this beautiful species Giraud telis us (Verh. z.-b.

Ges., 1854, p. 605) that Perris has bred the Evanuid,

Aulacus striatus, Jur.

16, Hylotrypes bajulus, Linn.

Dalla Torre points out (Cat. Hym., iii, 588) that Cryptus

seticornis, Ratz. = C. cyanator, Grav., was also raised by

Ratzeburg from this species; but his authority is obscure.

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 465

79. Callidium sanguinewm, Linn.

Dalla Torre adds (Cat. Hym., i, 383) Xylonomus

filiformis to its parasites, upon Mocsary’s authority.

80. Callidium variabile, Linn.

The records under No, 95, Hoplosia fennica, Payk.,

must be transferred to the present species. Ratzeburg’s

Cerambyx fennicus being the variety of Callidium variabile

with blue, violet or green-black elytra as shown on Plate

in his “ Forstinsekten.”’

8la. CALLIDIUM ANTENNATUM, Newm.*

From Virginia, Ashmead describes (Trans. Amer. Ent.

Soc., 1896, p. 223) a Chalcididous parasite under the

name Aetroxys (recte Hetroxys) callidii.

83a. GRACILIA MINUTA, Fab.

Dours gives (Cat., 109, 110) Hntedon confectus, Walk.,

and Tetrastichus deipyrus, Walk., as parasitic upon Gracilia

pygmaea, on Perris’ authority.

85. Rhagium bifasciatum, Fab.

Bedwell also took Jschnoceros rusticus in the New Forest,

in pine stumps which he was splitting, and where he found

the same host, in June, 1904.

86. RLhagium indagator, Fab.

87. Rhagium inquisitor, Fab.

Nees tells us in his Addenda (Mon., 11, 399) of Bracon

impostor : “ Metamorphosis in larva Rhagionis indagatoris

et inguisitoris sub cortice pini,” etc.; and Dalla Torre adds

(Cat. Hym., ili, 383) that the former is also preyed upon

by Xylonomus rufipes, Grav.,on Brischke’s authority.

88. Rhagium mordax, Fab.

Ratzeburg is instanced by Dalla Torre (Cat. Hym., 11,

477) as also’ recording Lphialtes tuberculatus from this

species.

466 Messrs. HggA. Elliott and Claude Morley on the

90. Strangalia quadrifasciata, Linn.

“Mr.H.St.J.Donisthorpe exhibited an example of Helcon

ruspator, L., a Braconid new to Britain, taken at Cannock

Chase on the 16th of July last, in a cell of Strangalia

4-fasciata in a fallen birch tree, and an example of the

host captured at the same time. He pointed out that

this very fine addition to the British List is recorded as

parasitic on the same beetle on the Continent” (Proc.

Ent. Soc., 19 Oct., 1910).

90a. STRANGALIA BIFASCIATA, Miill.*

Ephialtes gracilis, Gray., is recorded from the synonymous

Saperda cruciata by Dours (Cat., 70) and Dalla Torre (Cat.

Hym., iti, 472), upon Rondani’s authority.

92-92a, CRIOCEPHALUS RUSTICUS, Linn.*

Marshall says of his Coeloides Neesii: “M. Seurat

informs me that this species is common in the départe-

ment de la Marne. He has bred $? examples of it,

which were external and solitary parasites of the larvae

of Astynomus aedilis, L., and of Criocephalus rusticus, L.”

928. ACANTHOCINUS OBSOLETUS, Oliv.*

Ashmead has described (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1887,

p. 198) both sexes of a Chalcid preying upon this species

in Florida, under the name Metastenus acanthocint.

92y. LEPTOSTYLUS BIUSTUS, LeC.*

From this American longicorn Ashmead describes

(Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 1896, p. 12) his Chalcid,

Husandalum (Ratzeburgia) Hubbardii.

94a. LEIOPUS VARIEGATUS, Haldem.*

In Insect Life, 1893, p. 247, Chittenden records the

breeding of the North American Hphialtes wrritator, Fab.,

from this species (cf. Morley, Entom., 1909, p. 135).

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 467

97. Exocentrus pwnetipennis, Muls.*

The “ Braconid,” formerly referred to, appears to be

Laelius bipartitus, Kief. (Proct., 1, 235) and Blacus

exocentrt to be a MS. name, as were so many of those

given by Dr. Giraud in his posthumous paper of 1877.1

102a. MONOCHAMMUS SCUTELLATOR, Say.*

1028. MONOCHAMMUS CONFUSOR, Kirby.*

Upon both these American species Provancher has

recorded (Fauna Entom. Canada, Hym., 1883, p. 447) the

parasitism of our British Rhyssa persuwasoria, which with

us invariably confines its attacks to the Siricidae. J,

resutor, Kirby, synonymous with the former host, is said

by Westwood (Trans. Ent. Soc., 1851, p. 224) to be attacked

by his new Evaniid, Aulicus resutorworus.

105. Saperda populnea, Linn.

Mocsary, according to Dalla Torre (Cat. Hym., 111) has

also raised Cryptus viduatorius, Ephialtes luteipes and

Xylophrurus lancifer from this species; and Mayr appears

satisfied (Verh. z.-b. Ges. 1874, p. 101) that the ? of

Torymus quercinus, Boh. (= T. tarsalis, Walk.), was bred

from it by Tschek in Austria.

106. Saperda scalaris, Linn.

Dr. Rudow records (Entom. Nachr., 1881, p. 310) his

new Coleocentrus scutellaris as parasitic upon this species,

106a. SAPERDA DISCOIDEA, Fab.*

Harrington says (Canad. Entom., 1891, p. 152) that his

new Canadian Xorides caryae was ‘bred from this species

1M. Jules de Gaulle, the learned author of the recent full

Catalogue of French Hymenoptera, has been good enough to write

me concerning Giraud’s insects: ‘*La collection Giraud est au

Muséum de Paris ; ; elle est Wun grand intérét, mais Giraud avait

le tort de travailler seul et parait n’avoir eu guére de relations avec

les ichneumonologistes de son temps ; la collection est elle vemplie

de noms inédits, qui pour la plupart s’appliquent 4 des espéces soit

déja décrites soit surtout décrites depuis sa mort. En outre les

localités sont rarement indiquées; les espéces proviennent le plus

souvent d’Autriche.”—(C. M.)

468 Messrs, E. e Elliott and Claude Morley on the

or Dorchaschema nigrum, Say, which is very rare and

occurs only in the Southern States.

1084. OBEREA ERYTHROCEPHALA, Sch.*

Morley (Ichn. Brit., iii. 254) is sceptical respecting

Schmiedeknecht’s suggestion that the Pimplid, Procinetus

decimator, Grav., which is usually found among HLuphorbia

cyparissias, in whose stems this longicorn feeds, attacks

Oberea, and regards it as more probably attached to the

Lepidopterous Gortyna flavago in thistle stems. But

Pastor Konow is stated by Marshall (Bracon. d’Europ.,

ili, 28) to have bred several individuals of both sexes

of Vipio guttiventris, Thoms., from the larvae of this

longicorn in Mecklenburg.

1086. OBEREA TRIPUNCTATA.*

A new species and genus, Zaleptopygus Obercac, have

just been published by H. L. Viereck (Proc. U.S. Nat.

Mus., 1911, p. 294) for the reception of an Ophionid ich-

neumon, allied to Cremuastus, Grav., which has been bred at

Chicago from this host by Girault.

109. Zetropiwm luridwm, Linn.

Xylonomus precatorius, Fab., is said to prey upon this

species, as well as upon the above Callidw, by Dalla

Torre (Cat. Hym., 11, 386), who refers to Ratzeburg as

his authority.

110. Tetropiwm castaneum, Linn.

The Lissonota we previously referred to under this host

is not L. palpalis, as tentatively suggested, but L. varicova,

Thoms. (ef Morl., Ichn. Brit., 111., 220).

110a. OEME GRACILIS, Lec.*

From this American longicorn, Ashmead has described

a new species of Ratzeburg’s genus Husandalum, called

Ratzeburgia Coquilletti (Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 1896,

p. La):

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 469

1108. BRACHYTARSUS VARIUS, Fab.

Under the Chalcid: Zncyrtus sylvius, Nees (Mon., ii, 206)

quotes Frisch. Ins., ix, 38: “Aber Anno 1730 hab’ ich

fast in keinem die in Nummer xxi gemeldten Kifer

gefunden”; and adds in a note: “ Insectum, a Frischio

lc. descriptum, coleoptratum Dermestinorum ordinis est,

uti ille Anthribus varius, quem cl. Dalman in Cocco Aceris

illaeso a se inventum, non Cocci parasitam, sed fortuito e

cortice arboris exclusum Coccum penetrasse conjicit.

Verum cum Frischius noster larvam in Cocco observaverit

ex eademque imaginem coleoptratam prodeuntem viderit,

vix est, quod dubitemus, etiam <Anthribum varium in

Coccis metamorphosin peragere.” This parasite is now

well known to prey on Coccids.

110, BRUCHUS.

A Chalcid, parasitic in Canada upon an undetermined

species of this genius, has been described by Ashmead

(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 328) under the name

Bruchophagus borealis. There is some evidence of the

probability of a member of the same genus having been

introduced into Britain, along with its host, in 1910.

llla. BRUCHUS MARGINELLUS, Fab.*

Dours gives (Cat. Hym. France) Hupelmus DeCreeri,

Dalm. (p. 89), Lurytoma rufipes, Walk. (p. 96), Pteromalus

varius and P. affinis, Walk. (p. 104), as parasites, on

Goureau’s authority, upon this species.

118. Bruchus villosus, Fab.

Ratzeburg also appears to have bred his Hntedon spartii

(Ichn. d. Forst., 111. 211) from this host; and Rondani’s

Sparthiophila bruchicida (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., 1872, p.

208; fig. dz. cit., 1877, pl. ii, ff. 94-96), an allied parasite,

was bred by him from #&. spartvi, with his Pteromalus

latipes (1. c., 1874, p. 131, e¢ 1877, p. 194).

119. Bruchus rufipes, Herbst.*

From £&. nubilus, Boh., Dours records (Cat., 102, 107 e¢

108) Semiotus varians, Walk., Hulophus Coecilius, Walk.,

and Hntedon Pentheus, Walk., on the authority of Perris

and Goureau.

470 Messrs, E. _—o and Claude Morley on the

121. Bruchus pallidicornis, Schh.

Goureau is said to have also bred from this species

Pachylarthrus breviventris, Forst. by Dours (Cat. France,

99). Pairs

12la. BRUCHUS AUREUS*

A Chalcid, parasitic upon this species, has been described

from New Mexico by Ashmead (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,

1894, p. 342) under the name Holcopelte producta.

1218. BRUCHUS CICERI*

Rondani records, from a beetle under this name—which

is not given in Heyden, Reitter and Weise’s Cat. Col.

Kurop., 1906—a Chalcididous parasite, which he describes

as Hntedon basalis (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., 1877, p. 174, pl. i,

ff, 11-13).

12ly, BRUCHUS ALBOSPARSUS, Fahr.*

Dr. Fairmaire has described two Chalcids, Hulophus

gummiferac and Ptieromalus Doumeti (Rev. et Mag. Zool.,

1877, p. 207), which prey upon this species in Tunis.

1216. BRUCHUS EXIGUUS, Horn.*

As preying upon this American species in Iowa and

Florida, Ashmead has instanced his new Chalcids Mera-

porus bruchivorus (Bull. Ohio Exp. Stst., 1895, p. 161) and

Hupelmus cyaniceps (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1886, p. 129).

12le. BRUCHUS VARIUS, Oliv.*

Upon Goureau’s authority, Dalla Torre (Cat. Chal., 156,

274, 330) instances Systole albipennis, Hupelmus atropur-

pureus, Dalm., and Pteromalus tenuis, Walk., as attacking

this species in France.

121g. BRUCHUS ALBISCUTELLARIS, Horn.*

A Chalcid, parasitic in New Mexico upon this species,

has been described by Ashmead (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,

1894, p. 328) under the name Bruchophagus Mexicanus.

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 471

121y. SAGRA BOISDUVALII, Dup.*

Vollenhoven says (Stett. Ent. Zeit. xl, 1879, p. 150)

that Herr Binnendyk, Hortulanus at Buitenborg, Java,

bred twelve Ichneumonids, which he names Pimpla Sagrae,

from cocoons of this beetle taken from roots of a

Rhizophora.

1216. FIDIA VITICIDA, Walsh.*

The Proctotrypid, Fidiobia flavipes, Ashmead, is recorded

by its author (Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 1894,

p. 171) as having been bred from this Eumolphid beetle.

123a, CRIOCERIS LILI, Scop.

Goureau is said by Dours (Cat., 61) to have found

Campoplex errabundus, Grav., to be parasitic upon C.

merdigera. Dalla Torre ascribes the breeding of Holo-

cremnus errabundus from Lema merdigera, L., to Rondani

(Cat. Hym., i, 87).

126. Cryptocephalus quinquepunctatus, Har.*

In Ann. Soc. France, 1869, p. 20, M. Tappes records

rearing a ¢ Hemiteles pedestris from Cryptocephalus dwo-

decimpunctatus.

126a, CHLAMYS PLICATA, Fab.*

Tetrastichus chlamytis is described by Ashmead (Trans.

Amer. Ent. Soc., 1896, p. 234) as parasitic upon this

species ; as also is Psilocera (Metopon) rufipes, Ashm. (Xe;

p. 229).

127. Timarcha tenebricosa, Fab.

Bignell’s record, already cited, is not from Devonshire,

as would appear from his inclusion of this species in his

« List,” but refers to the same individual of 7. tenebricosa

as is cited by him at E. M. M., 1891, p. 169: From a

specimen of this perfect beetle taken at Land’s End on

March 30, 1891, forty-one larvae emerged the following

day, of which twenty-three were already enclosed in slight

white cocoons; the remainder died in the larval state; on

472 Messrs. E. A. a and Claude Morley on the

May 1 and following days nineteen Perilitus falciger

attained perfection. One 2° Huphorus pallidipes, Curt.,

was bred from a perfect’ specimen of this beetle, together

with many pupae of presumably the same parasite by

Donisthorpe in June, 1908, in London.

129. Chrysomela graminis, Linn,

Dalla Torre tells us (Cat. Hym. Chal., 59) that Rondani

has ascertained the host of Pteromalus gallarwm, Fonsc. =

Kulophus chrysomelae, Nees, to be Chrysomela graminis, L.

[135. Prasocuris Phellandrw, Linn.

No hymenopterous parasite is yet known to us upon

this species. Dele our former article upon it; and ef.

Hypera arundinis, post. ]

136. Galerucella calmarients, Linn.

Walker says (Ent. Mag., 1838, p. 54) of Hncyrtus—recte

Homalotylus—flaminius, Dalm.: “Reared at Paris, from

the chrysalis of Galeruwca Calmariensis, by the Comte de

Castelneau.” He makes no mention of its attack on

Coceinellae (cf. No. 16, ante), nor records it as British.

136a. GALLERUCELLA LUTEOLA, Miill.*

One wonders what was Rondani’s inadequately described

Chaleid, Oomyzus gallerucae, which he records (Bull. Comm.

Agrar. Parma, 1870, p. 140) as having been bred from the

egos of Galeruca xanthomelaena, Schr., in Italy (cf. also

Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., 1877, p. 191).

1368. GALERUCELLA VIBURNI, Payk.

Kawall has described under the name Pteromalus

ooctonus (Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1858, p. 57) a Chalcid, which he

bred in Russia from Galeruca viburni.

136y. GALERUCELLA LINEOLA, Fab.

137a. AGELASTICA ALNI, Linn.

Dalla Torre ascribes (Cat. Hym., i1, 59) to Ratzeburg

the breeding of Mesochorus thoracicus, Grav., from both these

beetles.

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 473

138a. PHYLLOTRETA ZIMMERMANNI, Crotch.*

Pleurotropis phyllotretae has been described by Riley

(Rep. Ent. Dept. Agric., 1884, p. 307) in both sexes from

this species in Missouri.

139. Psylliodes dulcamarae, Koch.

Goureau also bred from Haltica dulcamarae the Braconid

Alysia nitidulator, Gour., Pteromalus communis, Nees, and

Platigaster caudatus, Gour., according to Dours (Cat., pp.

86, 104, 115).

139a. MICRORHOPALA XERENE, Newm.*

Tetrastichus microrhopalae, Ashm., is recorded by him

(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1896, p. 234) from this species.

1398. ODONOTA SUTURALIS, How.*

Howard records from this species his Zvrichogramma

odonotae (Entom. Amer., 1885, p. 117).

139y. ODONOTA SCUTELLARIS, Oliv.*

The same author describes his Spzlochalcis odonotae

(Descrip, N. Amer. Chalcid., p. 7) as preying upon this

species. Cf. also Entom. Amer., 1885, p. 117.

1396. ODONOTA (UROPLATA) N&TURALIS, How.*

A Chalcid, Sympiesis wroplatae, Howard, is recorded by

him (Entom. Amer., 1885, p. 117) from this Coleopteron.

139e. HISPELLA WAKKERI.*

Zehntner gives (Bladboorders Suikerriet Java, 1896) his

Eulophus femoralis as preying upon this Cryptostomid in

Java.

141. Cassida seladonia, Gyll.

Perris is also said by Dours (Cat., 97, 110) to have bred

Macroneura maeulipes, Walk., and Tetrastichus orsidice,

Walk.—and Rondani, by Dalla Torre (Cat. Chal., 278),

ELupelmus wrozonus, Dalm.—from the same host.

474 Messrs. E. aa and Claude Morley on the

14la. CASSIDA EQUESTRIS, Fab.

From this species Dours says (Cat., 105) that Perris bred

Elachestus dimidiatus, Walk., in France.

1418. CASSIDA NEBULOSA, Linn.

“M. Guérin says one which was not transformed to a

pupa produced, on 25th of July, from the middle of the

back, thirty-nine very little Chalcidites, black with yellow

legs, the eggs of which had been deposited by the mother

upon the living larva.—Annales de la Soc. Ent. de France

for 1846, page lxxi” (Curtis, F. I., 395).

14ly. CASSIDA RUBIGINOSA, Miill.*

Rondani is said to have bred Zetracampe (Pteromalus)

galerucae, Fonsc., from this species in Italy, by Dalla Torre

(Cat. Chal., 86).

1440. HYMENORUS DOUBLIERI, Muls.*

Bridgman and Fitch say (Entom., 1884, p. 180) that the

anomalous Ophionid Ichneumon, Nototrachys foliator, Fab.,

has been bred from this species by Perris, according to

Giraud.

1448. OMOPHLUS COERULEUS, Fab.*

144y. OMOPHLUS DISTINCTUS, Cast.*

M. P. Lesne in his paper “Sur un Braconide du genre

Perilitus, Nees” (Ann. Soc. Fr., 1892, p. 805) recounts the

parasitism of his new P. omophli upon these two species of

Heteromera in Algeria.

146. Orchesia micans, Panz.

Morley (Ichn. Brit., 111. 223) regards Lissonota distincta,

Bridg., as undoubtedly parasitic upon this Heteromeron.

In describing his Macrocentrus punctifrons, Thomson

writes : “ Utklackt ur Orchesia micans vid Ilstorp i Skane.”

[After Porizon moderator, in our first article, dele “106”:

Ratzeburg’s P. moderator appears to = Thersilochus caudatus,

Holmer. |

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 475

149a, SERROPALPUS.*

From an unidentified species of this Heteromerous

genus, Erné records (Mitt. Schweiz. Entom. Ges., 1876,

p- 518) the breeding of Rhyssa persuasoria, Linn.; but we

suspect some error here, since this parasite has hitherto

only been raised from Siricidae in Europe.

150a. PYTHO DEPRESSUS, L.

Professor Beare has given me two 29 Ichnewmon con-

Jusorius, Grav., which he took on April 1, 1907, at

Aviemore, beneath the bark of a fallen Scots fir among

larvae of this beetle. No association was, however, estab-

lished, and the parasite was probably no more than passing

the winter in its normal hibernaculum.—(C. M.)

1508. MORDELLA.

Thomson writes (Opusc. Ent., 2229) of Microdus caleu-

lator: “Funnen vid Ringsjon i Skane, der den triffades

pa stubbar hvarur Mordella flégo ut.”

15la. MORDELLISTENA PARVULA, Gyll.

Ascogaster armatus, Wesm., and Entedon zanara, Walk.,

are both said to have been bred by Perris from J.

inaequalis, by Dours (Cat., 78, 109).

156. Attelabus curculionoides, Linn.

Chaetostricha (Ophionewrus) signata, Ratz., is also given

as preying upon this species by Dalla Torre (Cat. Chal., 4).

156a. ATTELABUS BIPUSTULATUS, Schonh.*

Howard tells us in his Descriptions of North American

Chalcids (p. 19) that Aphycus annulipes, Ashm., has been

raised in Florida from this weevil.

157. Byctiscus betuleti, Fab.

“Dr. Filippi (Annals and Magazine of Natural History,

1852) observed in certain eggs of Rhynchites betuleti a

smal] parasite like an infusorium, provided with a tail,

476 Messrs. E. — and Claude Morley on the

which it moved briskly with a lashing motion. No organs

could at first be seen in this animalcule, but a small

vesicle soon appeared therein, increased in size and finally

developed itself into the larva of one of the Pteromalidae”

(Ent. Weekly Intelligencer, 1857, p. 183, e¢ lib. ctt., ix,

ser. 1, pp. 461-464, pl. xvi A: “ Upon the Mode of Genera-

tion of a Hymenopterous Insect of the Family of the

Pteromalidae”); this was a hyperparasite, bred at Turin

in some numbers. Siga/phus caudatus has also been found

to prey upon this host by Goureau (Dours, Cat., 77).

161. Apion apricans, Herbst.

Mayr bred his Holaspis apionis, as well as Hurytoma

salicis, Walk. = gibba, Boh., from this species in Germany

and Austria (Verh, z.-b. Ges., 1874, p. 84, e¢ 1878, p. 308).

And Pteromalus prone, Walk., Dours records (Cat., 104)

as attacking it in France on Goureau’s authority. “It

appears that M. Guérin bred, either from the larvae or

pupae of A. apricans, the minute fly called by Haliday

Calyptus, the Hubazus macrocephalus of Nees. [Described. ]

This parasite does not seem to be exempt from persecu-

tion, for M. Guérin found with the Hubazus a beautifully

coloured fly, called by Walker Petromalus (sic) pione,

which is suspected to be parasitic upon the Hubazus”

(Curtis, F. I, 481). Mayr says of Hurytoma salicis (1. ¢.,

p- 382): “TI have often bred this species from the faded

heads of Z'rifoliwm pratense, in which Apion trifolia and

fagi — identified by Herr Ludwig Millar—lived; Dr.

Reinhard obtained it from clover heads from Saxony, in

which Apion apricans lived.”

162. Apion bohemani, Thoms.

Three specimens of a new species of the Chalcididous

genus Yurytoma have been described as also attacking

this species by Mayr (Verh. z.-b. Ges., 1878, pp. 303 e¢

seqq.) under the name #. ononis in Austria; he bred them

from pods of Ononis spinosa, in which larvae of Apion

ononidis were living.

165. Apion loti, Kirby.

Mayr bred (Verh. z.-b. Ges., 1878, p. 303) Hurytoma

salicis, Walk. = gibba, Boh.,in Lower Austria; he says:

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 477

“ Not seldom this species is found as parasitic upon Apion

loti in the pods of Lotus corniculatus; I received from

Walker a pair under the name Z, mucianus.”

166. Apion rufirostre, Fab.

Dours adds (Cat., 103) that he has also raised Péeromalus

tenuis, Walk., from A. rujfitarse.

167. Apion trifolii, Linn.

Eurytoma salicis, Walk. = gibba, Boh., has also been

bred from this weevil by Mayr (Verh. z.-b. Ges., 1878, pp.

303 et segg.) in Lower Austria.

173a. APION GENISTAE, Kirby.

Perris has found Tetrastichus spartii, Forst., to be

parasitic upon this species in France (Dours, Cat., 110).

1738. APION SCUTELLARE, Kirby.

Entedon Busiris, Walk., is given by Dours (Cat., 109) on

Perris’ authority as parasitic on A. scutellare; and Hulo-

phus ulicis (1. c.) as having been bred by Goureau from the

synonymous A. ulicicola, Perr. (¢f Ann. Soc. Fr., 1840,

p. 91):

173y. APIUM MARCHICUM, Herbst.

Dours (Cat., 108) says Entedon Pharnus has been found

by Perris to attack this weevil.

1738. APION LAEVIGATUM, Kirby.

The same author (J. ¢., 104) instances Pteromalus viridu-

lus, Walk., as parasitic upon this beetle also, whence it

was bred in France by Perris, together with (p. 115)

Platigaster Chrysippus, Walk., and (p. 116) Belyta rufo-

petiolata, Nees.

173e. APION ULICIS, Forst.

Semrotus brevipennis, Walk., has been bred by Goureau

from this species (Dours, Cat., 102); and, from the same

host, S. apionis is also described (Ann. Soc. Fr., 1847,

p. 252) by Goureau.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.) II

478 Messrs. E. - Elliott and Claude Morley on the

173¢. APION AENEUM, Fab.

Both Sigalphus striatulus, Nees, and Pteromalus larva-

vum, Nees, have been bred, says Dours (Cat., 77, 104),

from this weevil by Goureau in France.

173y, APION PUBESCENS, Kirby.

Perris has bred Hupelmus wrozonus, Dalm., and Lulophus

Alaparus, Walk., from Apion salicis, Gyll. (Dours, Cat., 89,

106).

1736. APION FUSCIROSTRE, Fab.

From this species is somewhat doubtfully recorded the

Chaleid, Microterys (Encyrtus) mitratus, Dalm., by Mayr

(Verh. z.-b. Ges., 1875, p. 710).

173. APION ASTRAGALIT, Payk.

Mayr appears to have bred Hurytoma salicis, Walk. =

gibba, Boh., from this species (Verh. z.-b. Ges., 1878-9,

p. 332) in Lower Austria: “I obtained one male from a

pod of Astragalus glycyphyllos in which probably larvae of

this beetle had lived.”

173x. APION RADIOLUS, Kirby.

We may conjecture, since this is the only Coleopteron

indicated by Kaltenbach as feeding on Althaea, that this

was the host from which the ten specimens of Hurytoma

curculionum were bred by Mayr in Austria (Verh, z.-b.

Ges., xxviii, p. 308) out of the stems of A. rosae.

180. Hypera rumacis, Linn.

From this host, M. Decaux also records (Feull. Jeun.

Natural., 1888, p. 97), Hulophus ramicornis, Fab.; and

Osborne has described (E. M. M., xvi, p. 17) the cocoons

of “two species of Ichneumonidae.”

181. Hypera polygon, Linn.

Brischke is said by Dalla Torre (Cat. Hym., 111, 243) to

have recorded the parasitism of Bassus (Promethes) festiwus,

Fab., upon Phytonomus polygons.

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 479

182. Hypera plantaginis, DeG.

Dalla Torre refers (/.¢., 661) to Ratzeburg having bred

Hemiteles pedestris, Fab.—possibly the same species as

was bred by Curtis, since the latter does not specify it—

from this weevil.

1824. HYPERA VARIABILIS, Herbst.

Mr. E. A. Butler has bred Mesochorus gibbulus, Holmegr.,

hyperparasitically through Limneria lugubrina, Holmegr.,

from this species (Entom., 1883, p. 67).

1828. HYPERA ARUNDINIS, Payk.

[Cf No. 135, our article upon which belongs here.] The

raising of Canidiella quinqueangularis, Ratz., is ascribed

by Dalla Torre (Cat., iii, 110) to Kriechbaumer; but

Schmiedeknecht distinctly states (Opusce. Ichn., xxi,

1909), 1677: “Die Examplare welche Ratzeburg besch-

rieber hat stammten von Brischke: dieser hatte sit aus

den Larven von Phytonomus arundinis gezogen.”

182y. HYPERA TIGRINA, Boh.

I have examined single females of Pimpla nucwm, Ratz.,

with the terebra aborted, and Pezomachus intermedius,

Forst., possibly parasitic upon it—since the two pupae

whence they emerged were analogous—bred by E. C,

Bedwell at St. Margaret’s Bay, in Kent, from this beetle

in September, 1908.

184a. LIXUS POLLIONIS, Laich.*

Pteromalus perilampoides, Walk., is said by Dours (Cat.,

103) to have been bred from ZL. onorpordi, Besser MS., by

Perris in France.

185. Livus iridis, Oliv.*

M. Abbé Pierre details the parasitism (Revue Lin-

néenne, 1903, Nos. 220-4) of Rhopalicus brevicornis,

Thoms., upon the eggs and of a species of Tetrastichus,

Hal. = Cirrospilus, Walk., upon the larvae, pupae and

imagines of this beetle.

Li2

480 Messrs. E. - Elliott and Claude Morley on the

188. Pissodes notatus, Fab.

Besides the species already mentioned, Dours gives

(Cat., 72 e¢ 102) Bracon multiarticulatus, Ratz., and Cheiro-

pachus tutela, Walk., as parasites of this destructive weevil ;

Dalla Torre (Cat. Hym., i, 436) adds Pimpla instigator

upon Rondani’s authority and its variety processioneae

upon that of Ratzeburg, but these more probably emerged

from their usual Bombyx. Giraud’s record of the para-

sitism of Coeloides initiator, Nees, has more recently been

confirmed by M. Carpentier (Marshall, Bracon. d’Europ.,

ili, 119). We have just seen, in December, 1910, two

females of Alloderus semirugosus, Nees (cf. Entom., 1910),

bred by Mr. G. H. Grosvenor last June from young Pinus

sylvestris along with this beetle in Windsor Forest.

191la. PISSODES VALIDIROSTRIS, Gyll.*

Dr. Mayr records (Verh. z.-b. Ges., 1878, pp. 300 et seqq.)

the parasitism of his Hurytoma Wachtli upon this species ;

he says a single ¢ was bred in February from the weevil

in branches of Pinus nigricans at Bruhl, near Vienna.

193. Orchestes alni, Linn.

Goureau also found Pteromalus daimenes, Walk., and

Entedon divitiacus, Gour., to prey on this weevil (Dours,

Cat., 104 e¢ 108); from which Rondani bred his Sparthio-

philus orchesticida (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., 1877, p. 198).

195. Orchestes fagi, Linn.

Opius straminator, Gour., and Hntedon distinctus, Gour.,

were both bred from this species (Dours, Cat., 85 e¢ 109)

in France by their author.

200a. RHAMPHUS FLAVICORNIS, Clair.

Rondani is said to have bred the British Chalcid, Cirro-

spilus vittatus, Walk., from this insect by Dalla Torre (Cat.

Chal., 84); and another of our species, Hunotus cretaceus,

Walk., has also been raised from it by Geraud (lib. cit.,

158).

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 481

2008. ERIRRHINUS.

Dours (Cat., 102) tells us that Goureau has found his

Semiotus stramineipes, and (p. 104) Pieromalus elongatus,

Ratz., to be “parasites de divers Hrirrhinus.”

200y. TYCHIUS SEMISQUAMOSUS, Lec.*

From California, Ashmead has described a Chalcid,

Tanaostigmodes tychii, from this weevil (Proc. Ent. Soc.

Washington, 1896, p. 19).

201. Miarus campanulae, Linn.

From Cleopus Campanulae, Linn., Mayr also records

(Verh. z.-b. Ges., 1878, pp. 301 et seqg.) his Hurytoma

curculionum in Lower Austria; seventy-three specimens

emerged during August and September from the seeds of

Campanula rapunculoides, Linn., in which this host was

living, and ten more in September and May from stems of

Althaea rosae (cf. ante No. 173k).

202. Gymnetron antirrhini, Payk.

Eurytoma plumata, lig. =aterrima, Schr., has also been

bred from this species, says Dours (Cat., 96), by Perris in

France.

205. Gymnetron villosulus, Gyll.

Nees (Mon., 11, 423) synonymises Diplolepis curculionoicdes,

Bouché, with his own Pteromalus seniculus and adds

“ Habitat solitaria in larvis Gymnaetri Villosult.” Bracon

atrator, Nees, has been also found to prey upon this species

by Goureau (Dours, Cat., 73).

206. Gymnetron teter, Fab.*

Besides Pimpla gymnetri, Dalla Torre instances (Cat.

Hym., iii, 448) P. rujicollis, Grav., as attacking it; but he

presents no authority for the statement.

482 Messrs. E. ie and Claude Morley on the

207. Gymnetron asellus, Grav.*

From this species, Mayr also records (Verh. z.-b. Ges.,

1878, pp. 301 et seqg.) his Hurytoma curculionum in Lower

Austria: three specimens were bred by Oberforster Wachtl,

probably from Verbascum stems.

208a. GYMNETRON LYCHNITIDIS.*

Pteromalus transiens, Rondani, nec Walk., has been

recorded from a weevil under this name by its author in

Italy (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., 1877, p. 196).

209. Mecinus collaris, Germ.

“T have bred Mecinus collaris from galls of Plantago

marituma, which are very abundant here (Southsea), though

the beetle is rare, as 99 out of every 100 galls contain

Hymenopterous parasites ’’ (Moncreaff, E. M. M., 1870, p.

81). “ Mieromelus pyrrhogaster, Walk.—I bred a male and

female of this interesting Chalcid from Mecinus collaris

galls, on the flowering stems of Plantago maritima. I

have no doubt but that they were parasitic on these

small beetles” (Bignell, Entom., 1884, p. 46). “I had

some flower stems of Plantago maritima, all swollen and

gouty-looking by the galls of Mecinus collaris; in some

stems a cicatrix was visible, where probably the egg had

been inserted; others showed a hole from which the

weevil had evidently emerged. The stems were tunnelled

up the centre and divided into compartments, each con-

taining a larva, pupa or beetle, or larva or pupa of the

parasite. These last were black, shining, little pupae ; in

some cases the cell contained two larvae. One beetle larva

contained a large fat white Chalcid larva. In later stems

there were hardly any beetles or pupae of beetles, but only

Chalcid pupae. These were head upwards in the cavity

and slightly attached at the lower end to the shrunken

larva-skin. ‘There were as many as four or five cavities in

a stem, often right up into the flowering portion. This

was in August and the Chalcid pupae remained in the dry

and dead stems through the winter, the flies emerging in

the following May and June. I should think quite seventy-

five per cent. of the beetles were destroyed by this Chalcid ”

(H. J. Charbonnier, of Bristol, in /it., Jan. 3,1908. The

parasite in this case is a fine green Hlachistid.—C. M.)

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 483

210. Anthonomus pomorum, Linn.

Dours (Cat., 69) says Goureau has bred Pimpla grami-

nellae, Grav., from this host; as well as (p. 73) Bracon

variator, Nees.

210a. ANTHONOMUS MESPILI.*

The same observer has raised (lz. cit., 73) Bracon inter-

cessor from this species, as well as (pp. 77, 85) Sigalphus

pallidipes, Gour., and Opius pygnaeator, Nees.

2108. ANTHONOMUS SIGNATUS.*

From this host at Washington, Ashmead has described

a new Chalcid, Catolaccus anthonomi (Insect Life, 1898, p.

185); and, a‘page later, a second parasite from the same

locality, C. incertus, Ashm.

2122. NANOPHYES SICULUS, Schh.*

Cirrospilus (Asecodes) Chabrias, Walk., is given on the

authority of Perris (Dours, Cat., 106) as a parasite of

Nanophies siculus.

213. Cionus scrophulariae, Linn.

Bignell’s record of Pezomachus instabilis confirms an

earlier one, to the same effect, instanced by Rondani.

Dours also gives (Cat., 108) Entedon variolosus, Gour., on

its author's authority as a “ parasite de la larve du Cronus

scrophulariae” in France. It is just possible that this

may be synonymous with /#. cioni, described from the

same host by Thomson (Hym. Scand., v. 246), or with Z#.

cionobius, Thoms, (lib. cit., 247).

215. Stereonychus fraxim, Deg.*

Pezomachus Gravenhorsti, Fonsc. (nec Ratz.)—whatever

its present name—was recorded by its author (Ann. Soc.

Fr., 1852, p. 428) to also prey upon this beetle.

215a. TYLODERMA FOVEOLATUM, Say.*

Ashmead has described two Chalcid flies as preying

upon this American weevil; these are Catolaccus tylodermae

484 Messrs, E. A. Elliott and Claude Morley on the

(Bull. Ohio Exp. i... 1894, p. 161), bred by Chittenden,

and Lurytoma tylodermatis (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1896,

p. 218).

219a. COELIODES ACEPHALUS, Say.*

Under the name Catolaccus coeliodis, Ashmead has

described (Joc. cit., p. 226) a new Chalcididous parasite of

this species from Virginia.

220. Ceuthorrhynchus' assimilis, Payk.

Rondani also bred his Chaleid, Selitrichus (Encyrtus)

ceuthorrhynchi (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., 1872, p. 207; cf. loc.

cit., 1877, p. 196) from this host.

222. Ceuthorrhynchus pleurostigma, Marsh.

Diospilus oleraceus, Hal., and Sigalphus obscurellus, Nees,

bred from this weevil, “one of these underwent its trans-

formation within the swellings caused by the beetle-larva,

the other came out and formed cocoons in the earth”

(Meeting Ent. Soc., March 5, 1884). Alysia truncator,

Nees, is also said by Dours (Cat., 86) to have been bred

from this species by Goureau. Of. also Guérin-Méneville,

Bull. Soc. Fr., 1845, p. xxxiv.

224a. CEUTHORRHYNCHUS NAPI, Schh.*

Porizon moderator, Linn., is said by Dours (Cat., 63) to

have been raised from Ceuthorrhynchus napi by Goureau.

2248. CEUTHORRHYNCHUS ASPERULUS, Schh.*

From this species Dours says (/oc. cit., 103) Perris has

bred Pteromalus deplanatus, Walk., Hulophus Hegemon,

Walk. (p. 107), and (p. 108) Entedon hippia, Walk.

224y, CHUTHORRHYNCHUS GLAUCUS, Schh.*

Dours tells us (Cat., 104) that Goureau has bred Ptero-

malus fulgidus, Forst., from this weevil, together with

(p. 107) Lulophus viridarius, Gour.

1 Dalla Torre (Cat. Hym., iii, 1483) gives Campoplex gracilis as

parasitic upon a member of this genus on Ratzeburg’s authority.

This appears to be in errore; cf. No. 216, supra.

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 485 °

2246. CEUTHORRHYNCHIDIUS POSTHUMUS,

Germ.

Rondani has bred the British Chalcid, Hulophus Hegemon,

Walk., in Italy from Amalus asperulus, Boh. =pumilio,

Gyll., according to Dalla Torre (Cat. Chal. 62); but cf.

224, supra.

225. Baris laticollis, Marsh.

Bracon baridii was first described by Rev. T. A. Marshall

(André, 1897, p. 80) from specimens bred from Baridius

laticollis.

226. Baris chlorizans, Germ.

Two pairs of Bracon glaphyrus, Marsh., were bred from

larvae of this species toward the end of July and beginning

of August, at Florence in Italy (Bracon. d’Kurop., iti, 78).

227a, BARIS PICINUS, Germ.*

From aridius picinus has been raised, according to

Dours (Cat., 108) Hntedon Pharnus, Walk., by Perris.

228. Balaninus nucuwm, Linn.

A Pimplid, allied to P. nucwm, Ratz., has been bred by

Dr. Rudow from the same host and named by him (Ent.

Nachr., 18838, p. 232, f) Ephialtes balanint.

228a. BALANINUS VENOSUS, Grav.

His Orthocentrus nigristernus (O. incisus, Grav., var.) is

recorded to prey in Italy upon B. glandiwm by Rondani

(Bull. Soc. Ent, Ital., 1877, p. 192); as well as his Odonto-

merus glandarius (lib. cit., p. 189).

2288. BALANINUS PISTACIPERDA, Rond.*

The same author has described (Jib. cit, p. 180) a Chal-

cid, Hurytoma pistaciae, which he bred from a beetle of the

above name in Italy.

486 Messrs. E. A. Elliott and Claude Morley on the

228y. BALANINUS TEREBINTHIVORUS, Rond.*

And from this species he also brought forward a new

Italian parasite, Hurytoma terebinthi (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.,

1877, p. 180).

2286. BALANINUS NASICUS, Say.*

Riley has recorded the emergence of the Proctotrypid,

Trichacis rufipes, Ashm., from this species in North America

(Dalla Torre, Cat. Proct., 481).

230. Balaninus villosus, Fab.

Ophion nutritor, Fab., Piez.,139, 1s now placed in the

genus Diaparsis, Forst.

230a. HETERONUS QUADRICOLLIS, Fairm.*

Kieffer remarks (Proct., i. 236) upon the parasitism of

Apenesia parasitica, Smith, upon Madagascaran palm

weevil,

2308. CALANDRA ORYZAE, Linn.

“Tt is evident they are preyed upon bya parasitic hymeno-

pterous insect, for in one of the graims I detected an

apterous, blackish-green specimen, with rufous legs, but it

was too much mutilated to draw from. I am pretty

certain it is the same species, or closely allied to one,

named Meraporus graminicola (Curtis’ Guide, genus 630f.),

which we often find in this country in July” (Curtis F. L.,

322); “one of the Diplolepidae” (did. cit., p. 338, pl. K,

fig. 19, 2). Can this refer to Pteromalus Calandrae,

Howard (Rep. Ent. U. 8., 1880-81, p. 273), which was

raised by him from the same host in Texas; or to P.

oryzinus, Rondani (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital, 1874, p. 131 e¢

1877, p. 195), which the latter also bred from it in Italy ?

2307. CALANDRA GRANARIA, Linn.

Possibly one or other of the above parasites is synony-

mous with Cameron’s Indian Pteromalus oryzae (Mem.

Manchester Soc., 1891, p. 184), which was bred from the

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 487

present species ; as also, says Reinhard (Berl. Ent. Zeit.,

1857, p. 75), was Cerocephala cornigera, Westw. But cf

Fitch (Entom., 1879, p. 47, e¢ 1881, p. 21), who considers

Sciatheras trichotus, Ratz,, to be the parasite of Calandra

and to be distinct from ’ Cerocephala, with which Forster

mingled it (Morl., Cat. Brit. Chal., 1910, p. 28).

231. Magdalis,

A female Hurytoma, bred by Oberfoster Wachtl from

twigs of Pinus nigricans infested by a species of this genus

near Vienna in February, is suggested by Mayr (Verh,

z.-b. Ges., 1879, p. 322) as synonymous with Ratzeburg’s

E. abieticola (ef. No. 234, post) ; he says it differs from his

E. auricoma, which it closely resembles, in its white and

more densely pubescent face, testaceous, intermediate

coxae, and centrally deeply impressed metanotum.

[Dele Cryptus echthroides from our original article and

cf. No. 234.]

234, Magdalis violacea, Linn.

Cryptus (Helcostizus) echthroides, Ratz., though not as-

signed to any particular host species of Magdalis at Ichn.

d. Forst., i1, 251—copied by us (Trans. Ent. Soc., 1907,

p- 56)—is relegated at Jib. cit., 11, 138, to A violacea (as

pointed out by Vollenhoven, Pinac., 65).

2340, MAGDALIS ARMICOLLIS, Say.*

A new species of the genus Hurytoma has been described

as preying upon the present by Ashmead (Trans. Amer.

Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 326), under the name ZL, magdalidis,

from Virginia.

2348. MAGDALIS RUFA, Germ.*

Dr. Mayr records (Verh. z.-b. Ges,, 1878, pp. 300 et seqq.)

the parasitism of his Hur rytoma Wachtli upon this species ;

he says the latter bred in the spring three 2? 2 and one ¢

from UM. rufa in the branches of Pinus nigricans at Bruhl,

near Vienna.

488 Messrs. E. A. Elliott and Claude Morley on the

235. Rhopalomestes tardyi, Curt.

Chitty took this species of Pimplid, already recorded,

flying round an ash tree full of the present weevil near

Plymouth in June, 1907, and shortly afterwards Mr. Keys

sent me much of the wood from the same tree, containing

larvae of &. tardyi and dead Odontomerus dentipes. Both

host and parasite emerged thence. during the following

August (cf Morl., Ichn. Brit., iii, 11).

238. Scolytus destructor, Oliv.

Cf. also Wesmael (in Bull. Ac. Brux., 1838, p. 220, e¢

Revue Zool., 1838, p. 144), “ Notice sur le Bracon initiator

lennemi du Scolytus destructor”; as well as Guérin-

Méneville, Bull. Soc. Fr., 1846, pp. 969-77.

240. Scolytus multistriatus, Marsh.

We found Cheiropachys colon, Linn., actually in the

burrows of this borer, among the pupae of the latter, in

felled elm trunks at Blackwater, I. W., in June, 1907.

A 2 of Coeliodes scolyticida, Wesm., was captured in my

garden at Monk Soham, Suffolk, on June 27, 1908; it

was investigating borings in an ancient, thick timber of a

summer-house, more likely to be tenanted by Anobiwm

than Scolytus——(C. M.)

243. Scolytus rugulosus, Ratz.

Eurytoma rufipes, Walk., and Cheiropachus quadrum,

Walk. = colon, Linn., have also been bred from this borer

by Perris in France (Dours, Cat., 96, 102). Possibly one -

of the Chalcids already mentioned is synonymous with

Ashmead’s 2 Tetrastichus scolyti, described by him from

this species (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 343; ef.

Platygerrhus scolyti, Ashm., lib. cit., p. 335); or with his

Lurytoma crassinewra (lib. cit., p. 324).

2430. LOGANIUS FICUS, Schwarz.*

Schwarz is said to have bred Cerocephala scolytivora,

Ashm., from this beetle by the latter (Proc. Ent. Soc.

Washington, 1894, p. 33).

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 489

244. Hylastes palliatus, Gyll.

In Britain, our first record is a Chalcid found in the

burrows of this beetle by Donisthorpe at Nethy Bridge,

late in July, 1907.

247. Hylesinus fraxini, Panz.

Goureau also raised his Hurytoma fulvipes from this

borer in France (Dours, Cat., 97); and Mayr says (Verh.

z.-b, Ges., 1879, p. 322) that Oberforster Wachtl bred the

former’s Hurytoma auricoma from the same host in Febru-

ary and April near Vienna, adding that in the museum

there is a pair presented by Dr. Forster and called by him

Eurytoma fraxini; he suggests that it may be synonymous

with £. abieticola, Ratz., but is sceptical upon the point

(cf. No. 234, supra). A Sand three 22 of Bracon longi-

caudis were presented to the British Museum in 1907 by

Rev. G. Crawshay, who had bred them from the cocoons

of this beetle at Leighton Buzzard.

248a. HYLESINUS BICOLOR, Brull.*

From this borer, Perris has bred Hncyrtus megacephalus,

Walk., Callimome nobile, Boh., Pteromalus semrotordes, Walk..,

P. eulophoides, Walk., P. pirus, Walk., and the Proctotrypid,

Sclerochloa fuscicornis, Westw. (Dours, Cat., pp. 91, 95, 1038,

112); the last species has, however, been determined as

Scleroderma Fonscolombei, Westw., by Kieffer (Proct., 1,234).

2488. HYLESINUS THUYAE, Perris.*

Dours says (Cat., 110) that its author raised from this

beetle Tetrastichus deipyrus, Walk.

250. Phloeotribus oleae, Fab.*

From this species also has been raised in Italy, Rondani’s

Eurytoma Bargaglii (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., 1877, p. 179).

252. Hylurgus minor, Htg.

Wachtl bred his new Chalcid, Heydenia excellens (Wien.

Ent. Zeit., 1889, p. 89), from the same host in Austria ;

490 Messrs. E. A, Elliott and Claude Morley on the

and Mayr says (Verh. z.-b. Ges. 1879, p. 322) that he

also bred from it on Pinus nigricans in January and

February the latter's Zurytoma auricoma, near Vienna.

253. Hylurqus piniperda, Linn.

Cooper's parasitism was entirely supposititious (¢/, loc. cit.)

and he gives C. pulchellus as a MS. name of Walker.

Perhaps one of the Chalcids already mentioned is synony-

mous with MHartig’s inadequately described Diplolepis

hylesinum (Forstl. Conversationslex. 1834, p. 198), which

he bred from the same host in Germany. Dalla Torre

gives no authority for his statement (Cat. Hym., iii, 604)

that this species is also attacked by Spilocryptus incu-

bitor, Strom., which is most improbable. We have seen

a 2 of Bracon minutator, Fab., bred by Mr. G. H.

Grosvenor at Vaumoise, early in October, from galleries of

this beetle.

253a. PHLOEOTRIBUS FRONTALIS, Oliv.*

A Chalcid, named by him Secodes phloeotribi, has been

bred by Ashmead from this borer in Virginia (Trans.

Amer. Ent. Soc., 1896, p. 233), together with his Cecidostiba

dendroctoni (1. ¢., 1894, p. 338) and his Hurytoma phloeotribi

(1. ¢., p. 326).

254a, PHLOEOSINUS DENTATUS, Say.*

A new species of the genus Huwrytoma has been described

as preying upon this beetle by Ashmead (Trans. Amer.

Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 327) in Virginia, under the name

L. phloeosini.

2550. POLYGRAPHUS RUFIPENNIS, Kirby.*

From this species Ashmead has bred in Virginia both his

Cecidostiba dendroctoni and his C. polygraphi (Trans. Amer.

Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 338).

2558. HYPOTHENEMUS ERUDITUS, Westw.

Chittenden has observed that Cephalonomia hyalini-

pennis, Ashm., attacks this cosmopolitan species in Florida

(Kief., Proct., i, 237).

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 491

260a. PITYOPHTHORUS CONSIMILIS, Lec.*

From Florida, Ashmead has described (Proc. Ent. Soc.

Washington, 1894, p. 32) a Chalcid, parasitic upon this

borer, under the name Cerocephala pityophthori; as well as

a Proctotrypid, Aradophagqus fasciatus (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus.,

1893, p. 166) from the same locality.

2606. PITYOPHTHORUS QUERCIPERDA, Swz.*

260y. BRACHYRHYNCHUS GRANULATUS, Say.*

From these two species, also, Aradophagus fasciatus has

been bred in Florida (J. ¢.).

263. DRYOCAETES VILLOSUS, Fab.

We have no British records of parasitism ; but Grosvenor

bred a f Chaleid from it in June, 1908, at Bagley.

265a. TOMICUS SEXDENTATUS, Born.

Mayr brings forward from Lower Austria (Verh. z.-b.

Ges., 1878, pp. 301, 304, 321) Zurytoma auricoma, which

he says was bred from Hylurgus minor, Hylesinus fraxine

and the present species by Oberforster Wachtl, from Pinus

nigricans, near Vienna.

266. Tomicus laricis, Fab.

Perris also bred Amblymerus mirus, Walk., from Bostri-

chus laricis in France (Dours, Cat., 102).

267. Tomicus typographus, Linn.

Possibly one or two of the Chalcids already instanced

as attacking this species are synonymous with Hartig’s

Diplolewis bimaculata, D. maculata and D. corticalis

(Forstl. Conversationslex, 1834, p. 198), all of whick he

bred in Germany from Bostrichus octodentatus, Payk.

492 Messrs. E. A, Elliott and Claude Morley on the

269. Pityogenes lidentatus, Herbst.

Perhaps one of the Chalcids instanced by Ratzeburg or

Giraud is synonymous with Hartig’s inadequately described

Diplolepis weneus (Forstl. Conversationslex, 1834, p. 197),

which he bred from the same host; together with his

D. bidentis (lib. cit., p. 198).

272. Undetermined Coleoptera.

Cephalonomia mycetophila, Kief., has been obtained at

Amiens “ par M. Carpentier, de bolets ligneux, habités par

des larves de petits Coléoptéres” (Proct., i, 455). Campo-

plex lugens is given by Dours (Cat., 61) as having been

thought by Dr. Giraud to be a “ parasite d’un Coléoptere ” ;

which is very improbable.

CLASSIFIED LIST OF PARASITES.

First Supplement.

ACULEATA. 15. Xylophrurus lancifer, Grav.,

. ‘ 105

By ilievno-s nelnenmmenides 02a 16. Coleocentrus scutellaris, Ru-

dow, 106

Renee 17. Perithous mediator, Fab., 75

1. Aulacus striatus, Jur., 75a 18. Ephialtes tuberculatus, Fourc.,

a resutorivorus, Westw., 88

1028 ‘

ore. apicalis, Westw., 72y i 2 pee See

20. ee inritator, Fab., 94a

ICHNEUMONIDAE. IAN 5 iridipennis, Morl. ,325

3. Ichneumon confusorious,Grav., 21. > gracilis, Grav., 90a

150a 22, . luteipes, Thoms., 105

4. Hemiteles gyrini, Parf., 7 23. a3 balanini, Rudow, 228

5. 0 persector, Parf., 7 24, Pimpla inquisitor, Scop., 47

6. ss pedestris, Fab., 126, 25. », sagrae, Voll., 1217

182 26. », nucum, Ratz., 1827

7. Pezomachus comes, Forst., 7 27. ,, instigator, Fab., 188

8 An intermedius, 28. », Tuficollis, Grav., 206

Forst., 1827 29. » gymnetri, Ratz., 206

9. as instabilis, Forst., 30. », graminellae, Grav., 210

213 31. Rhyssa persuasoria, Linn., 1028,

10, x. Gravenhorsti, 1494

Fonse., 215 32. Polysphincta elegans, Ratz., 57

11. Spilocryptus incubitor, Strém., 33. A's lignicola, Ratz.,

253 75

12. Cryptus cyanator, Grav., 76 34, Lissonota palpalis, Thoms.,

13. ,, viduatorius, Fab., 105 110

14. oe echthroides, Ratz. Ds SS varicoxa, Thoms.,

110

231, 234

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera.

36. Lissonota distincta, Bridg., 146

37. Procinetus decimator, Grav.,

108a

38. Ischnocerusrusticus, Foure., 85

39. Xylonomus filiformis, Grav.,

72a, 79

40. rH precatorius, Fab.,

109

41 ” rufipes, Grav., 86

42. Xorides caryae, Hartn., 106a

43. Odontomerus dentipes, Gmel.,

26a, 235

glandarius, Rond.,

2284,

45. Labena apicalis, Cress., 328

46. Exochus gravipes, Grav., 25a

47. Polyclistus femoralis, Foure., 54

48. Orthocentrus nigristernus,

Rond., 228a

49. Bassus festivus, Fab., 181

50. Nototrachys foliator, Fab.,

1444

50a, Gausocentrus gyrini, Ashm., 6a

51. Campoplex lugens, Grav., 272

52. Holocremnus errabundus,

Gray., 123a

53. Limnerium lugubrina, Holmegr.,

182a

54. Canidiella 5-angularis, Ratz.,

1828

55. Nemeritis gracilis, Grav., 220

56. Pyracmon pectoralis, Kriech.,32

56a, Zaleptopygus Obereae, Viereck,

1088

44, 3%

57. Porizon moderator, Linn., 146,

2240

58. Thersilochus

Holmgr., 146

59. Diaparsis nutritor, Fab., 230

60. Mesochorus thoracicus, Gray.,

caudatus,

137a

61. a gibbulus,

Holmegr., 182a

BRACONIDAE.

62. Bracon impostor, Scop., 86,87

63. s, multiarticulatus, Rtz.,

188

64. ce atrator, Nees, 205

65. st variator, Nees, 210

66. a intercessor, Nees, 210a

66a... +5, minutator, Fab., 253

67. . baridii, Marsh., 225

Gite 7:

glaphyrus, Marsh.,

226

69. Bracon longicaudis, Ratz., 247

70. Coeloides scolyticida, Wesm.,

240

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.-—PART II.

493

71. Coeloides Neesii, Marsh., 92

12e a initiator, Nees, 188,

238

73. Doryctes striatellus, Nees, 51

74. y leucogaster, Nees, 64

75. Atanycolus denigrator, Nees,

32a

76. Spathius exarator, Linn., 47,

77. Heceabolus suleatus, Curt., 47,

78. Ascogaster armatus, Wesm.,

15la

78a. Alloderus semirugosus,

Wesm., 188

79. Sigalphus caudatus, Nees, 157

80. hy striatulus, Nees,

173¢

81. 4 pallidipes, Gour.,

210a

82. 3 obscurellus, Nees,

222

83. Apanteles salebrosus, Marsh.,

84. re albipennis, Nees,

348

85. Microdus calculator, Fab ,1508

86. Euphorus sculptus, Cress., 13a

87. By pallidipes, Curt., 127

88. Perilitus omophli, Lesne, 1447

89. re falciger, Ruthe, 127

90. Meteorus atrator, Curt., 68

91. Eubadizon = macrocephalus,

Nees, 161

92. Macrocentrus punctifrons,

Thoms., 146

92a. Helcon ruspator, Linn., 90

93. Diospilus melasidis, Marsh.,

35a

94, i oleraceus, Hal., 222

95. ” melanoscelus, Nees,

96. 5 dispar, Nees, 61

97. Opius straminator, Goureau,

98. ,, pygmaeator, Nees,210a

99. Alysia manducator, Panz.,368

100. ,, nitidulator, Goureau,

139

101. .,, + truncator, Nees, 222

CHALCIDIDAE.

102. Diplolepis hylesinorum, Htg.,

253

103. f bimaculata, Htg.,

267

104. 3 maculata, Hte.,

267

(OCT.) KK

494 Messrs. E. A, cs and Claude Morley on the

105.

106.

107.

108.

IKK)

110.

Htc

112.

118.

114.

115.

116.

117.

Diplolepis corticalis, Htg., 26

aeneus, Hte., 369.

Spilochaleis odonotae, How.,

1397

Perilampus micans, Dalm.,13,

i angustus, Nees,

Kurytoma aterrima, Schr., 202

4, abieticola, Ratz.,

231, 247

os agrili, Ashm., 34a

auricoma, Mayr,

231, 247, 265a

nh Bargaglii, Rond.,

250

oa crassineura, Ashm.,

243

Pe eurculionum, Mayr,

173x, 201, 207

si fulvipes, Goureau,

247

3 fraxini, Forst., 247

7 lyeti, Ashm., 67a

5 magdalidis, Ashm.,

234a,

¥ ononis, Mayr, 162

ie phloeosini, Ashm.,

254a

a phloeotribi, Ashm.,

2554

5 pictaciae, Rond.,

2288

a rufipes, Walk. ,111a,

243

no salicis, Walk., 161,

165, 167, 173n

55 terebinthi, Rond.,

2287

be tylodermatis,

Ashm., 2154

. Brachophagus borealis, Ashm. ,

1107

xs Mexicanus,

Ashm., 121¢

. Systole albipennis, Walk. ,121e

. Euchrysia

maculipennis,

Ashm., 327

. Torymus roboris, Walk., 248

. tarsalis, Walk., 105

. Holaspis apionis, Mayr, 161

3. Eusandalum Hubbardi,

Ashm., 927

“A Coquilletti,

Ashm., 110a

. Calosota aestivalis, Curt., 46

53 vernalis, Curt., 57

. Eupelmus DeGeeri, Dalm.,

llla

141. Eupelmus urozonus, Dalm.,

141, 173

142. a cyaniceps, Ashm.,

216

143. a atropurpureus,

Dalm., 121le

144. Tanaostigmodes tychii, Ashm.,

200

145. Microterys mitratus, Dalm.,

730

146 Bs sylvius, Dalm.,1108

147. Homalotylus terminalis, Say,

16a—n

148. 5 similis, Ashm.,

160

149. AN flaminius,

Dalm., 136

150. Aphycus annulipes, Ashm.,

156a

151. Eneyrtus ceuthorrhynchi,

Rond., 220

ley 3 ‘* fumifascia,

Walk.,” 16¢

153. " megacephalus,

Walk., 248a

154. Semiotellus brevipennis,

Walk., 173¢

155. a apionis, Goureau,

73¢

156. cn stramineipes,

Goureau, 2008

157. aa varians, Walk.,

119

158. Metastenus acanthocini,

Ashm., 928°

159. Cerocephala pityophthori,

Ashm., 260a

160. 5 scolytivora,

Ashm., 24380

161. ks cornigera, Westw.,

54, 2307

162. Sciatheras trichotus, Ratz.,

2307

163. Theocolax formiciformis,

Westw., 47

164. Halticoptera breviventris,

Forst., 121

165. Heydenia excellens, Wachtl,

252

166. Trigonoderus ductilis, Walk.,

167. Macroneura maculipes, Walk.,

141

168. Platygerrhus scolyti, Ashm.,

243

169. Micromelus pyrrhogaster,

. Cheiropachys colon,

Walk., 209

Linn.,

240, 243

. Endomychobius

. Arthrolytus

Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera.

. Cheiropachys tutela, Walk.,

35 pulchellus,

Walk., MS.

253

. Rhopalicus brevicornis,

Thoms., 185

. Rhoptrocerus mirus, Walk.,

266

. Hetroxys callidii, Ashm., 81a

. Cecidostiba dendroctoni,

Ashm., 253a,

255a

4a polygraphi,

Ashm., 255a

. Meraporus graminicola,

Walk., 2308

Re bruchivorus,

Ashm., 1216

flavipes,

Ashm., 18a

. Catolaccus anthonomi, Ashm.,

108

- incertus,

2108

Bs tylodermae,

Ashm., 215a

sts coeliodis, Ashm.,

2194

Ashm.,

. Heterarthrellus australiensis,

How., 16:

puncticollis,

Moll., 49

. Psilocera rufipes, Ashm., 126a

. Pteromalus macronychivorus,

Pérez., 248

S5 affinis, Walk.,111la

F calandrae, How.,

2308

3 communis, Nees,

139

si3 Daimenes, Walk..,

193

+5 deplanatus, Nees,

224B

ai Doumeti, Fairm.,

121y

sd elongatus, Ratz.,

2008

an gonatas, Waik.,

47a,

a eulophoides,

Walk., 248a

a fulgidus, Forst.,

224

5 latipes, Rond.,

118

as ooctonus, Kawall,

136

495

201. Pteromalus oryzae, Cam. 2307

202. 8 oryzinus, Rond.

2308

203. a Pione, Walk.,161

204. oy, Pirus, Walk. ,248a

205. 3 perilampoides,

Walk., 1844

206. Ki tenuis, Walk.,

121e, 166

207. tf semiotoides,

Walk., 248a

208. 45 seniculus, Nees,

205

209. 3 transiens, Rond.,

208a

210. a varius, Walk.,

llla

Zit, 3 viridulus, Walk.,

1736

212, i. Span)

213. Megapelte cretacea, Walk.,

200a

214. Cirrospilus vittatus, Walk.,

200a

215. Asecodes chabrias, Walk.,212a

216. Elachistus dimidiatus, Walk.,

14la

217. Sympiesis uroplatae, How.,

1396

218. Cratoctrechus larvarum,

Linn., 173¢

219. Eulophus Alaparus, Walk.,

173

220. 4 cervicornis, Forst. ,

348

221. $5 femoralis, Zehnt.,

139e

222. aM Coecilius, Walk.,

119

228. 5 Hegemon, Walk.,

2248, 2245

224, 4 gummiferae,

Fairm., 121ly

225. gallarum, Fonsc.,

129

226. ‘5 ramicornis, Fab.,

180

PIN 3} ulicis, Perris,1738

228. os viridarius, Gou-

reau, 2247

229. Tetracampe galerucae,Fonsc.,

141

230. Spartiophila bruchicida,

Rond., 118

231, ‘3 orchesticida,

Rond., 193

232. Entedon basalis, Rond., 1218

233. 3 caelestis, Goureau,

348

496

234.

235.

236.

237.

238.

239.

240.

241.

242.

243.

244.

245.

246.

247.

248,

249,

250.

251.

252.

all caine Parasites of Coleoptera.

Entedon confectus, Walk. ,83a

Busiris, Walk., 1788

divitiacus, Goureau,

195

4 distinctus, Goureau,

195

cioni, Thoms,, 213

variolosus, Goureau,

213

be spartil, Ratz., 118

i cionobius, Thoms.,

2138

7 Pentheus, Walk., 119

sis Pharnus, Walk.,

17387, 2274

KS Zanara, Walk., 151a

Pleurotropis phy llotretae,

Riley, 138a

Secodes phloeotribi, Ashm.,

253a

Holeopelte producta, Ashm.,

121la

Astichus arithmeticus, Forst.,

Tetrastichus thanasimi,

Ashm., 40a

35 Deipyrus, Walk.,

24868

¥5 Hippia, Walk.,

2248

53 chlamytis, Ashm.,

126a

re Orsidice, Walk.,

141

microrhopalae,

Ashm., 1394

scolyti, Ashm, ,243

9”

i spartil, Forst.,

1730

. Trichogramma odonotae,

How., 1398

. Chaetostricha signata, Ratz.,

156

. Oomyzus gallerucae, Rond.,

1364

PROCTOTRYPIDAE.

. Proctotrypidae, 12a, 218

. Xenotoma rufopetiolata, Nees,

1735

262. Proctotrypes spp, 36, 36a

263. i ater, Nees, 11

264. 5 calear, Hal., 11

265. 4 obsoletus, Say,

266. 5S pallidipes, Jur.,

267. Platygaster Chrysippus,

Walk., 1735

268. 3 caudatus,Goureau,

MS., 139

. Trichacis rufipes, Ashm., 2285

. Fidiobia flavipes, Ashm., 1210

. Prosacantha caraborum, Riley,

2, Aradophagus fasciatus, Ashm.,

260a, B, y

3. Gonatopus ptinorum, Licht.,

438

274. Anoxys Chittendeni, Ashm.,

678, 688

275. Laelius bipartitus, Kief., 97

276. sia errisi; kieln, saya.

277 », tribialis, Kief., 63

278 ,, trogodermatis, Ashm.,

24a,

279. Cephalonomia formicaeformis,

Westw., 62,

63, 68, 68a

280. *s hyalinipennis,

Ashm., 2558

281. 5 mycetophila,

Kief., 272

282. ‘i -Xambeui,

Giard., 43a

283. Apenesia coronata, Ashm.,

284, ra parasitica, Smith,

230a

285. Ateleopterus tarsalis, Ashm.,

22a

. Scleroderma domesticum,

Latr., 54a, 73,

74a

ee Fonscolombei,

Westw., 248a

= fuscicornis,

Westw., 248a

(497)

XX. On the Persistence of Bacilli in the Gut of an Insect

during Metamorphosis, By A. Bacort, F.ES.

[Read March 1st, 1911.]

In the course of some research work I am conducting, the

possibility of a Bacillary infection of the larval gut of an

insect persisting through the period of metamorphosis and

continuing in the adult after emergence from the pupae is

of considerable importance. I therefore infected the food

of some newly hatched larvae of Musca domestica with a

culture of Bacillus pyocyaneus. Puparia from this brood

were sterilised outwardly by placing them in 5 per cent. to

10 per cent. solutions of lysol for five or ten minutes, then

washing them in sterilised distilled water and transferring

to tubes of sterile broth. They were allowed to remain in

the tubes of broth for varying periods, and were then

removed to a second tube of sterile broth and torn open

with sterile needles. The first tube formed the control,

the second the culture tube. Other puparia were passed

five or six times through the flame of a Bunsen burner,

and then treated in the same manner as the first batch.

Growths of pyocyaneus were obtained in all the culture

tubes and in some instances from the controls as well;

these latter being cases in which the puparia had been

allowed to remain in the control tubes for periods of eight

or twelve hours. Adult flies that had been reared from

infected puparia which had been sterilised as _ before

mentioned, were again sterilised after their emergence,

and when experimented with also gave positive results

A specimen that emerged from its puparia whilst under

observation was used after sterilisation with the same

result, only that it gave much quicker and _ stronger

growth, presumably because it had not been able to void

the contents of the gut, which is the usual habit shortly

after emergence.

These results, which have since been confirmed by

Dr. Ledingham of the Lister Institute, seem to prove

TRANS. ENT, SOC. LOND. 1911.—Part 11. (octT.)

498 Mr. A. Bacot on the Persistence of Bacilli in the

conclusively that certain species of Bacilli ingested during

the larval period of IZ. domestica can retain their existence

whilst their host is undergoing the process of meta-

morphosis and continue their existence in the gut of

the adult fly after emergence.

M. domestica, therefore, from its first emergence from

its puparia, may be an agent in the spread of infecting

organisms. It is probable that JZ. domestica is not an

isolated species in this respect. The process of histolysis

as described by Lowndes in regard to the Blow-fly suggests

that there is no necessary bar to the continued existence

of bacilli in the insect’s gut from the larval to adult stages,

and I have already some evidence that this may prove to

be the case with insects of another order. The full details

of the experiments are being published in the Jowrnal of

Hygiene.

There remains, however, a point, possibly of more interest

to entomological than to medical science, as to the source

of the infection of certain of the control tubes, after the

inwardly infected but presumably outwardly sterile puparia

had been allowed to soak for lengthy periods. From five

to twenty-five minutes was not sufficient to cause infection,

but periods of several hours or the passage through

several different media seemed certain to produce infection.

My own view is that this may be due to the slow passage of

fluid through the stigmata of the puparia owing to an

inward suction. It is noticeable that the growth arising

from soakage as contrasted with pierced or cracked

puparia is slow and feeble. Where puparia were passed

through the Bunsen flame the growth in control was in

comparison strong and rapid; this may have been due to a

quicker and stronger suction through the stigmata owing

to the cooling of the heated puparia in liquid or possibly

to rupturing due to heat. There is another possible way

by which infection might come about. When the larva

shrinks into a blunt-ended oval at the close of its active

existence, the mouth parts are retracted into a small pocket

on the outward surface of the case ; it seems possible that

the sterilising fluids do not penetrate freely into this

intricate passage, with the result that some organisms

survive, and come in contact with the broth of the control

tube if allowed to soak for any length of time. In order

to prevent any possibility of infection by way of the

stigmata, a further series of experiments were carried out

Gut of an Insect during Metamorphosis. 4.99

in which the ends of the puparia were varnished or waxed.

The larvae from which the puparia were reared were again

supplied with food infected with B. pyocyaneus, but the

possibility of infection by other species of Bacteria by way

of their food was not specially guarded against.

The ends of a number of puparia were varnished, and a

few had the ends dipped in hot beeswax, the object being

to seal the stigmata and any possible opening that might

exist by way of the scar of the larval anus.

These puparia were then soaked in 10 per cent. solution

of lysol or formaline for periods of from 9 to 39 hours, in

most cases 10 or 12 hours. In some instances they

were washed before the transference to tubes of broths,

in others the washing was omitted. Events prove that

washing was devoid of significance so far as the result

is concerned.

After allowing the puparia to remain in the tubes of

broth that formed the controls for periods of from 2$ to

194 hours they were pierced or cracked in the culture

tubes. In two instances second controls were used. These

had respectively 14 hours first control, 12 hours second ; and

3 hours first control, 8} hours second.

In all, ten experiments were made: nine with varnished,

and one with waxed puparia.

Every culture tube produced a growth, even after so

long a sterilisation as 39 hours in 10 per cent. formaline.

Nine cases in which broth was used show clear evi-

dence of B. pyocyaneus being present. One experiment

in which an agar slop was used in place of the broth is

not definite.

Of the controls, seven tubes were sterile, and five were

infected. This number includes the two second controls, and

that of the experiment where the puparia were allowed to

remain in the control tube for 194 hours.

One tube alone, however, shows B. pyocyaneus in a

control. In the other four instances the growth is

apparently that of a strictly aerobic organism, as the

broth, after the formation of a scum, became clear and gave

sterile slides under the microscope. It would seem, there-

fore, that varnishing or waxing, if efficiently carried out,

prevents the broth being infected from the interior by

way of the stigmata; and supports the contention that

the infection of controls in various experiments was due

to soakage through the air passages of the puparia.

500 Bacilli in Gut of Insect during Metamorphosis.

The infection of the controls in these latter experiments

is, I suggest, due to organisms that either resist the

sterilising agent, or are protected from it for a period by

the varnish or wax, and are then released by a shrinkage

or partial peeling of the varnish, or wax, covering.

OcToBER 21, 1911.

GOL}

XXI. On the British (and a few Continental) species

of Scoparia, Hw. By T. A. Cuapman, M.D.,

F.ZS.

[Read March 15, 1911.]

Pirates XXXV—XLIV.

THE suggestion to examine the British Scoparias came

from Mr. EK. R. Bankes. Though the opinions as to what

are and are not distinct forms held by Mr. Bankes are, I

believe, those accepted by the few other English entomo-

logists that know the genus, and are practically identical

with those I arrive at, they differ from those of any of the

systematic works I have examined. The necessity for

some such investigation as that here presented is therefore

obvious.

Barrett (“ Lepidoptera of the British Islands,” 1904)

differs from Meyrick (Handbook, 1895), who appears to

be simply copied by Hampson (Trans. Ent. Soc., 1897).

Staudinger (Cat., 1901) differs from all these, and seems to

be simply copied by Spuler (Hofmann’s “ Schmetterlinge,”

1910); nor do any of these agree with what appear to be

the true facts. Barrett makes one species too many.

Meyrick is certainly most in error as, with the greater

pretensions to a scientific position, he lumps three species

together, and has apparently led astray Hampson,

Staudinger, and Spuler.

The different views held by all these authorities have

reference almost entirely to the group indicated by the

four names basistrigalis, ambigualis, atomalis, and ulmella.

In examining the male appendages to throw light on

this matter, it was obvious that’ to examine these species

alone was by no means sufficient; an examination must

also be made of a number of other species so as to obtain

some idea of what were specific characters of value. I

therefore determined to examine all the British species

and as many Kuropean species as could be readily obtained.

T do not think the Continental magazines show anything

of importance on the question of the value of the specific

distinctions claimed to exist between these four forms;

TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART I, (JAN.) LL

502 Day A. Chapman on the

at any rate, I have not met with any. This is not, of

course, surprising, considering that w/mel/a is not recorded

out of England, and basistrigalis is nearly, if not really

absolutely, in the same case. Our English magazines, on

the other hand, have quite voluminous papers on the

subject, to which I suppose I must make some reference,

though it would be quite out of the question to transcribe

them in full.

Knaggs certainly deserves the first place in connection

with these species, having first described basistrigalis and

ulmella (in KH. M. M., 111, 1866, pp. 1 and 217). In 1869 he

gave a résumé of the genus in the E. M. M.,, vol. v, p. 291.

In this paper he makes nineteen species, of which five have

since by general consent been sunk as varieties or local races

of others: these are zellert, ingratella, phaeoleuca, gracilalis,

and atomalis. ‘woof these, ingratella and phaeoleuca are

“good” species found on the Continent, but the supposed

British representatives have been dropped as being varieties

of other British species.

Hodgkinson has communications, amongst others

EK. M.M., vi (1869), p. 41; “Entomologist,” xiv (1881),

p. 223; EK. M. M., xviii (1882), p. 1384. He describes a new

species, conspicualis, shown by Mason, K. M. M., xxiii (1877),

p. 163, to be synonymous with wlmella.

A paper by Bower, KE. M. M., xxxi (1895), p- 273, firmly

establishes basisty igalis as a « good” species, as no one

(Hampson excepted) seems to have disputed its position

since.

Bankes, E. M. M., xxvi (1890), p. 7, clearly shows that

atomalis and ambigualis are but one species, and mentions

seeing drawings of the genitalia from Dr. Mason, but

of these I find no other record. There are other com-

munications by Briggs, Porritt, and Tutt.* In 1900

Knaggs has in the “ Entomologist ” (xxxiii, p. 109) an able

paper on this group (ambigualis, etc.). He produces many

reasons for retaining atomalis as distinct from ambigualis.

In Staudinger’s list, published just after, basistrigalis is

admitted, but atomalis and wlmella are sunk under ambhi-

gualis; possibly the wlmella was disallowed under a doubt

raised by Dr. Knaggs’s plea for atomalis being unsound,

* Other references are: Briggs, ‘‘ Entomologist,” vol. xxii (1890),

p. 17; E.M.M., vol. xxvi (1890), pp. 50, 124; Tutt, E. M. M., xxiv

(1887), p. 43; E.M. M., xxvi (1890), p. 51; Porritt, E. M. M., xxvi

(1890), p. 88.

British species of Scoparia. 503

weakening the little he said about w/mella. Barrett, later

(1904), followed Knaggs, and Spuler (1910) followed

Staudinger.

An examination of the genitalia confirms the conclusion

arrived at by Bankes, Bower, etc., and shows the high

authorities above quoted to be in error.

The British Scoparias appear to divide themselves

into two groups. Bionomically these are (1) those whose

larvae are more or less known to feed on mosses and

lichens; (2) those whose larvae are for the most part

unknown, but probably, from the analogy of S. cembrae,

the only one of the group certainly known, feed on the

root stocks of flowering plants, and most likely of com-

positae. These two groups may also be defined by the

male appendages, the latter group possess very large and

obvious darts (cornuti) on the eversible membrane (vesica,

Pierce) of the wedoecagus, the former (the moss-feeders) are

quite without them. That they possess other obvious

characters to distinguish them is proved by the fact that

nearly all accounts of the genus place the root-feeders

(if so) together, at the beginning, with the moss-feeders

following, or vice-versa.

The British species that belong to the root-feeders are—

cembrae.

basistrigalis.

ambigualis (atomalis).

ulmella.

dubitalis (ingratella).

The remaining nine are the moss-feeders.

The root-feeders may be defined—

Ist. As root-feeders. This is a definition founded not

on knowledge, but on ignorance, and so may seem open to

objection and even ridicule. It takes, however, a positive

and unobjectionable form, if we say, had they been moss-

feeders we should have ascertained it, therefore they must

feed on something else ; that that something else is roots is,

of course, a guess founded on our knowledge of one (or

possibly two) species only.

2nd. There is a decided difference in wing form. The

ends of the fore-wings are more square in the root-feeders,

more oblique, 7.e. with more pointed apex in the moss-

feeders. There is a little corresponding difference in

neuration. In the moss-feeders the portion of cell margin

between veins 3 and 4 of the fore-wing is shorter, and

LL 2

504 y T. A. Chapman on the

takes a bend at vein 3, in excess of what it does in the

moss-feeders. In this respect pallida agrees with the

moss-feeders, but it disagrees in a character to which

Knaggs called attention in 1869 (E. M.M., p. 291), viz.

the relation of the orbicular and claviform stigmata to

the first line. In the root-feeders these stigmata touch

the line; in the moss-feeders, one or both are free from it.

By this character pallida should be a root-feeder.

A. Scoparia dubitalis.

B. Budoria sudetica.

Camera sketch of neuration of fore-wing, characteristic of ‘‘ root-feeders ” (Scoparia)

and ‘‘ moss-feeders” (Budovia). Note relative lengths of a and 0 in the two species.

3rd. The male appendages in the root-feeders have

conspicuous darts (cornuti) in the aedoeagus ; the clasps

have at their ventral basal aspect a thickened portion,

ending at half the length of the clasp in a free spine

(Harpe), and the uncus is tapering, sharp, and simple.

In the moss-feeders there are no cornuti, no spine on

the margin of the clasp, and the end of the uncus is blunt,

almost double, due to the arch underneath coming close to

the tip, instead of arching across some way from the end,

British species of Scoparia. 505

By this 38rd character pallida is a moss-feeder. It is

the only British species that is not by these 2nd and 3rd

set of characters distinctly of one group or the other.

There is a difference in the ? genitalia in at least one

point between Scoparia (root-feeders) and Hudoria (moss-

feeders. In Hudoria there is a small area quite entitled

to be called the lamina dentata, as here the angular chi-

tinous points are packed closely together and are well

developed, being over the rest of the sac hardly present.

In Scoparia they are very little more developed at one

point than another, but more developed than they are in

the unspecialised area in Hudoria. Still, there are several

species that do not show this difference in at all a marked

manner.

I present photographs of the terminal segments of the

females of most of the species dealt with, and also of the

Bursae.

I cannot define the genera on characters from these

structures, perhaps because I have not studied them

enough. There is a tendency, however, in the moss-feeders

to agree in having a somewhat spherical bursa, with a

patch of spicules, and to have a structureless spherical

cavity beyond the bursa. In the root-feeders the tendency

is to have this tract less markedly divided into spherical

cavities; the bursa is a widened portion of the tube, with

spicules well distributed, but more developed on either

side, and there may be a not dissimilarly armed area nearer

the lower end of the tube, whilst the upper unarmed

termination is not separated from the bursa by a very

marked constriction. But individual species are sufficiently

exceptional to prevent any definite rule appearing. It is

also certainly the case that the last segments, by their form

and the length of the rods, show much greater extensibility

in the moss-feeders than in the root-feeders, implying that

the former place their eggs more deeply than the latter do.

There is another character that is very variable between

the different species in the relations of veins 7 and 8 of

the hind-wings. The anastomosis of these obtains in so

many genera of Pyrales, that one hardly expects it to be

so very variable in amount in one genus. In basistrigalis

they do not really anastomose, but only touch for about

03mm. In alpina they are coincident for about 1 mm.,

but I do not find that this difference obtains in a way to

distinguish the moss-feeders from the root-feeders, since it

506 Dr. 'T. A. Chapman on the

is, for example, a short anastomosis in sudetica and long in

ingratella,

There are, however, two species that do not quite

fall in with these simple divisions. These are crataegella

and pallida, and of European species, centwriella and

pyrenaealis equally occupy distinct and isolated positions.

Of the various authorities I have so far referred to, beyond

placing the root-feeders and moss-feeders more or less to-

gether, none give any indications of the natural affinities

of the species and consequent divisions of the genus.

To find anything of this sort we have to go back to

Guenée (1854). With the exception of pyrenaealis and

crataegella, he distinguishes each of the divisions that I find

in fact to exist, and even pyrenacalis, though not separated,

is placed at the top of its division as not quite according

with the others. Crataegella thus forms the only new

section that I recognise, and I certainly was somewhat

surprised to find the genitalia gave it so definite a position,

as I fully sympathised with those entomologists who found

it difficult to separate it from frequentella (mercurella),

although the distinguishing markings though small, are

very definite.

Stephens (Illust. Haust. iv) and Zeller (Linn. Ent., i

p- 262) afford no assistance in showing the mutual

relationship of the species.

Ochrealis ought to be referred to, it is really not a

Scoparia. Neither the clasp, the uncus or the tenth sternite

are at all like those of any other species, and the cornuti

contained in the aedoeagus are 50 or 60 in number, short

acute spines, ranged 3 or 4 wide along the whole length,

not altogether unlike, say, Acronycta tridens, but with no

resemblance whatever to any Scoparia.

Guenée gave this a separate genus, Cholius, in which he

was quite right, but probably, as he says, wrong in placing

it in Crambina, but also wrong in replacing it in Scoparia.

The real place seems to be somewhere in Pyraustinae.

It may or may not be the nearest pyraustid to Scoparia,

but it is not very near.

Putting ochrealis aside, all the other species I have

examined are certainly tolerably closely related, but admit

of being easily divided into groups, which may be called

genera or subgenera,

The divisions are practically those instituted by Guenée.

He did not give them names, and this may account for

British species of Scoparia. 507

later, but obviously less scientific authorities neglecting

them. To such distinctions as appealed to Guenée, I add

the definite structural points afforded by the genitalia,

and supply them with names which will be useful in any

future discussions of the group.

I classify as follows—

- PYRAUSTINAE?

Cxo.tus, Gn. (Ind. Mier. p. 95) Group IV, Guenée.

ochrealis, Schiff.

SCOPARIINAE.

1. Scoparona (Augm”™ of Scoparia). Guendée, Group I.

centuriella, Schiff.

2. Scoparia, Hw. Guenée, Group II. + and ff.

Dubitalis, Hb.

(ingratella, Z.)

ambigqualis, Tr.

(atomalis, Dbld.)

gallica, Peyer.

manifestella, Hs.

ulmella, Kg.

cembrae, Hw.

basistrigalis, Kg.

phaeoleuca, Z.

perplexella, Z.

3. ANARPIA (@ aprn). Included by Guenée in Group II fF.

pyrenaealis, Dup.

4, Wirxesta (Whittlesea syncopated). Group III, Guenée.

pallida, Stph.

5. DIPLEURINA (dls wAevpa). Included in Guenée’s Group II fff.

crataegella, Hb.

6. Euporta (mutation of Eudorea). Group II +{F, Guenée.

murana, Curt. (type).

truncicolella, Stt.

sudetica, Z.

(petrophila, Stndf.).

Frequentella, Stt. (mercurella).

alpina, Stt.

valesialis, Dup.

angustea, Stph.

lineola, Curt.

resinea, Hw.

laetella, Z.

2 are the typical “ root-feeders,” 6 the moss-feeders.

508 Dr. 'T. A. Chapman on the

It may be Me enient before treating the species in

order, to consider first those as to which I have anything

definite to say as to specific separation or otherwise of

forms, as a result of studying the appendages.

In 1867 Knaggs introduced ingratella as a British

species (EK. M. M., iv, p. 61, 1867), but this was afterwards

abandoned on the ground that Knaggs’s specimens were

only varieties of dubitalis.

When we examine the appendages we find those of

dubitalis and ingratelia quite identical, except as to size,

dubitalis being the smaller. The cornuti are placed in a

row, are five or six in number, the most forward (whilst

still within aedoeagus) the larger, the rest dwindling

regularly. When we get a side view of them this is very

obvious, but if they happen to be superposed, it is at first

difficult to see that they are not one long rod, until the

several bases are discerned, the tips being in this position

quite obscured.

If there is no difference here what is the difference

otherwise? It is an almost inappreciable one of size.

Dubitalis has an expanse of 18 mm. up to 22 mm.;

ingratella 20 mm. to 23mm. My specimens of the latter

are some sent by Zeller to Barrett, some received from

Staudinger are identical, so that I believe I have the true

ingratella. Dubitalis var. ingratella from Mr. Bankes is

very like those I have as ingratella. The chief differences

I can see consist in the claviform stigma being more

usually open in dubitalis, closed, 7. e. without a distinct

pale centre, in ingratella.

Dubitalis has a paler whiter colour, and the markings

are more distinct; ingratella is of a warmer yellower tint,

and the markings are pale ; it exaggerates, but marks the

difference, to say that duditalis has some of the markings

black, in ingratella they are merely an accentuation of

the ground colour. But specimens that are taken with

dubitalis, and are, I presume, undoubtedly dubitalis, in-

cluding English ingratella, vary in the same directions

and are in fact indistinguishable from ingratella. I con-

clude that ingratella is a larger, paler as regards mark-

ings, richer as regards ground colour, form of dubitalis,

a southern form, if not absolutely geographically, at least

as regards summer temperature.

Ambigualis and atomalis might be dealt with as being

closely parallel to dubitalis and ingratella. They need

Lritish species of Scoparia, 509

also less discussion as the consensus of opinion is now

that they are one species, a consensus that in the case of

dubitalis only refers to English ingratella, the result pro-

bably of English acumen applied to this point, and not to

whether English and Continental ingratel/a were identical.

The appendages of ambigualis and atomalis are identical

except again that those of ambigualis are altogether larger,

quite distinctly so in typical instances, viz. as 12 to 11.

In ambigualis we have a southern larger and paler, in

atomalis a northern smaller and darker form. I should

say that the extreme forms were much more nearly

distinct species, than were any forms of duditalis and

ingratella.

Two other forms, manifestella and ulmella, have append-

ages that I cannot distinguish except in size. Though I

have no hesitation in saying that in a certain broad sense

these two forms are one species, they are nevertheless

vastly more distinct from each other than is ingratella

from dubitalis or atomalis from ambigualis. Their habitats

are widely separated. I know of no intermediate forms.

The difference in size is very great, 26 mm. and 17 mm.,

and there is one really important difference in marking,

viz. the orbicular stigma is usually separate from the first

line in manifestilla, never I think in wlmedla.

They are, again, a northern and southern form whose

differences have been exaggerated by long segregation,

so that for all practical purposes they must be treated as

distinct species.

The male appendages of these two forms appear to be

quite identical except in one point: those of manifestella

are about 10 per cent. larger than those of u/mella. There

is a very similar difference in size in the moths so far as

my examples show, though I believe some of my manifes-

tella are rather large specimens. Are we to regard these

two forms as one species or as two? I think the usual

custom in such cases is to regard them as one species.

They are, no doubt, very marked geographical races, that

have not been syngamics for a long period, but, on the

other hand, they can have separated really only yesterday,

so to speak, in comparison with the period, whatever it

may be, necessary to differentiate unquestionable species.

Though the question may thus be raised as to whether

ulmella should not be regarded as a race of manifestella,

its differences from ambigualis are very great, though

510 Dr. T. A. Chapman on the

various authorities who ought to have known better have

confounded them.

Lasistrigalis is very distinct from any other species.

There are two other forms that seem to be very probably

really only forms of one species. ‘These are sudetica and

petrophila. Petrophila is the smaller and darker, yet it

can hardly be called either a more northern or more alpine

form. I take it, however, to be a local race of the more

wide-spread sudetica, the appendages are identical.

I add a few notes on the appendages of each species

that will make the photographs of them more easily

understood as to the points of specific distinction they

possess.

I have to regret that I have not mastered any satis-

factory way of spreading these appendages for observation.

They are rather awkward and obstinate, and at the same

time small and delicate, so that one has to accept a poor

result rather than persevere at the risk of considerable

damage to the specimen.

Centuriella (figs. 2-5) has large dense appendages. The

aedoeagus is rather narrow, there are no cornuti, the

uncus is not tapering as in the other species, but has

nearly parallel sides narrowing only a little to a broad

blunt tip. The tenth sternite * also thicker before the apex,

and on its upper surface has some minute rough teeth;

the large clasps have some not very definite basal thicken-

ing, they also have a spine about the middle of the

ventral margin, but this springs from quite a soft margin

of the clasp, it is short and blunt, and is free from hairs

only in a short terminal portion.

The question as to whether ambigualis and atomalis

(figs. 8, 10, 11, 12, 18) are distinct species seems to be

fairly settled in the negative without reference to the

appendages. So far as structure goes these also appear

to be quite identical. I found one or two typical speci-

mens of each form differed quite decidedly in size, but

before undertaking to consider how far this suggested

distinct species, local races, or what not, I thought it best

to measure some specimens without reference as to which

species they might belong, this partly because I could

* I propose to point out elsewhere that this is usually called the

scaphium ; it is, however, subanal, but is not the sub-scaphium of

Pierce. The scaphium of Gosse is supra-anal. Pierce is the only

authority who seems to have understood this.

British species of Scoparia. 511

not always decide which the specimen before me really

was. I measured from the base of the clasp to the end

of its lateral spine, and also the total length of the clasp.

The result comes out that in ten specimens measured,

the length from the base to the end of the spine shows

0°87, 0°90, 0:93, 0°93, 0°93, 0°96, 0°96, 0:96, 0°99, 1:05 mm.

The total lengths are 1:23, 1-24, 1:26, 1:29, 1°30, 1°35, 1°35,

1:37, 141,147 mm. These figures show that, though the

smallest are atomalis and the larger wmbiqualis, there is

no point at which a line can be drawn to separate them

as of different sizes, since as a matter of fact the two

series overlap.

Cembrae (figs. 24-27) may be taken as a type of the

root-feeders. The clasps have the basi-ventral thicker

portion large, and the hook or spine in which it ends is

two-thirds the length of the side of the clasp from the

base. It is strong and curved well away from the clasp,

so that its point is in a line nearly transverse to the

length of the clasp.

The dorsal armature consists of an uncus, which may

be perhaps more easily described by likening it to the toe,

or rather the front three-quarters of a slipper, but with sole

and upper in one continuous piece. The sole is on the

dorsal aspect, the sides are narrow, the apex is prolonged

to a point, and the two sides meet about two-fifths of the

total length from the point, the surface has various long

hairs. In the base of the uncus is hinged a piece that

must be called the tenth sternite. When closed against the

uncus it is of about the same length. It is a straight

piece tapering to a curved point, and basally divides into

two branches widely separated, and it is by the ends of

these that it is hinged to the base of the uncus. The

arch formed by these two branches below and the cavity

of the “slipper” above give space to the anus.

The aedoeagus is broad and short, 1 mm. long, or

perhaps less, as a terminal ring seems to be possibly

everted membrane, and nearly 0°3 mm. wide. It contains

two groups of cornuti. In one of these the separate

spines are so much soldered together that the mass

might almost be regarded as one spine. In the other

they are closely connected, but are partially separate,

the largest one about 0°4 mm. long.

It is to be noted that the uncus is soft membrane

carrying hairs, and is easily deformed in preparation and

512 Dr. T. A. Chapman on the

mounting, the tenth sternite is of hard smooth chitin

without hairs, anda very strong definite mark or fracture

is seen if it be damaged.

In basistrigalis (figs. 19-23) the uncus and tenth sternite

are very like those of cembrae. The basal arch of the tenth

sternite is narrower, and the branches enclosing it there-

fore shorter, but the long spike of which it mainly consists

is rather longer (total length about 0°6 mm.).

The thickened upper margin of the clasp is more

marked, and extends nearer to the end of the clasp.

The lower marginal thickening is, however, much smaller,

and its terminal spine lies almost parallel to the margin

of the clasp. ‘The result is that the smooth, soft portion

of the clasp looks larger.

The aedoeagus is fractionally longer and narrower than

in cembrae. The cornuti as seen within it are in two

rows, those in each row partially united at their bases,

the longer spines nearer the opening (a little over

0:25 mm. long), and those of one group stronger but

fewer than in the other.

In ambigualis (figs. 8, 10, 11, 12, 18) (atomalis is

identical) the uncus is narrower and shorter, as also the

tenth sternite (about 0'4mm. long). The bridge is narrower

and the two branches are less spreading, the margin of

the long spine continuing down to the hinge in one

smooth sweep, without any bend as in cembrae and

basistrigalis. The thickened dorsal margin of the clasp

is very definitely outlined. The basi-ventral thickening is

intermediate between those two species, and the terminal

spine is at an angle of about 45° to the margin of the

clasp. Aedoeagus is a full millimetre long and about

‘25 wide. The cornuti are in a group of two rather long

(0:25 mm.) and strong, a third smaller, and three or four

others diminishing so that the smallest is hardly visible.

In manifestella (and ulmella) (figs. 14-18, 72) the cornuti

of unknown number are fused together into one solid and

rather thick mass, not unlike in form and appearance to

the horn of a rhinoceros. The aedoeagus is short and

broad, a characteristic of ‘“root-feeders.” The spines

of the clasps are strong and sharp, and leave the clasp at

about the middle of the lower margin.

In gallica (figs. 89, 73, 74) the spines on the clasps are

rather sharply hooked at the tips, and as compared with

nearly all the other species they are thick and straight, with

British species of Scoparia. 513

the hook quite at the tips, instead of having a regular curve

and a gradual taper throughout. The cornuti are five or

six in number, not very unlike those of dwhitalis but

larger and stronger. The resemblance to duditalis is

considerable, but the size is to that of dubitalis as 4 to 3,

and the general appearance and texture is of at least

corresponding density and robustness.

Phaeoleuca (figs. 28-30) much resembles ingratella (figs.

7 and 40) in having the cornuti very long, straight

and slender, two long ones and one or two shorter often

apparently only two, but the shorter are so closely ad-

pressed to the longer that one suspects their existence

as they cannot easily be made out. In ingratella these

cornuti are much shorter and less robust than in phaeoleuca,

being about 0°55 mm. long, whilst in phaeolewca they are

about 0°8 mm. and much denser and stronger.

Some specimens from Staudinger, sent as ambigualis,

var. syriaca, are indistinguishable from phaeoleuca (assum-

ing that I have the latter species correctly named)—at first

I took them for ingratella. In any case they are certainly

not ambigualis in any form.

In perplexella (figs. 31-32, 69,71) the appendages are very

large, equal in size to those of centwriella. The species is

itself a large one. Unlike centwriella it isa typical Scoparia,

nearer, perhaps, to dubitalis than to any of the others.

Pyrenaealis (figs. 33-85) (with crataegella, though quite

differently) has some characters making it intermediate

between the root- and moss-feeders. It belongs rather to

the root-feeders as having well-developed cornuti. These

are long and slender, like those of phacoleuca or manifestella,

but differ in being not straight but curved. The clasps,

however, are those of the moss-feeder group in having no

side spine or corresponding thickened basal portion.

The specimen of incertalis I have is pyrenaealis,

Crataegella (figs. 41-43) is a moss-feeder in fact, and as

regards the appendages also, in possessing no cornuti.

The aedoeagus is rather curved, and less slender than in

most moss-feeders. It has a root-feeder character in a

modified form, viz. the clasps have the _basi-ventral

thickening, but this is narrower than in the connected

species, and stretching further along the margin of the

clasp, ends, not in a spine, but in a rounded thickening that

is only just free at its end from the body of the clasp.

In mounting this clasp it was found to differ from both

514 Dr. T,A. Chapman on the

the sections in having a dense margin above and below,

and always tending to fold in the intermediate softer

portion, so as to be very troublesome to spread, in a way

different from either of the other sets.

This very distinctive structure of the appendages shows

that it is wholly unrelated to /requentella (mercurella).

In the moss-feeders there is difficulty in finding any

striking characters to distinguish the several species, such

as are afforded by the cornuti of the root-feeders. There

are, before going into specific detail, to be noted two

structures (or parts of one) that are present in all these,

but one of which is apparently wanting in the root-feeders,

or if present is in a rudimentary and inconspicuous

condition. ‘These would appear to be details of the penis-

sheath, 7.¢. of the floor of the cavity in the region where

the aedoeagus pierces it. One is a thin flat plate of

chitin, of somewhat pear-shaped outline, the rounded end

attached between the bases of the clasps and the narrow

end close to the aedoeagus and with the rest of the floor

attached to it, and is dragged when the aedoeagus is

forcibly displaced. (This can be seen in the root-feeders. )

The other consists of two small rounded eminences, one in

either side, carrying a few hairs.

As arule, both insects and appendages are smaller than

in Scoparia.

Pallida (figs. 36-38, 67) has the tenth sternite broad and

flat, hardly divided into an arch at base, and a long narrow

body. The neck is half-way up, the body is comparatively

broad, so that it is more nearly a flat triangle than the

arch below and the rod-like body above, as in most species.

Alpina (fig. 57) may be distinguished from the other

species under review by the character of the tenth sternite,

which has spreading wings forming the arch, but the

column is broad and thick, the end blunt and roughened

by minute points; the division between the basal wings

runs as a suture an unusual distance up the broad

column. The dorsum of the ninth segment is conspicuous

as a triangular well-chitinised piece.

Resinea (fig. 65), unlike alpina, has the wings of the

tenth sternite forming a very low and flat arch, and the

body, rising from them already narrow and as a thin pillar,

tapers almost to a point. No other species has the pillar

or body of the tenth sternite so slender and tapering.

There are further eight species (of which five are British)

British species of Scoparia. 515

of moss-feeders, whose appendages are very much alike.

Of these angustea (figs. 59-60) is at once distinguishable

by the shortness of the aedoeagus (about 0°78 mm.), about

three-quarters that of any of the others, which, however,

vary a little.

Frequentella (mercwrella) (figs. 54-56) has a very definite

bend in the aedoeagus much like sudetica,

Frequentella and sudetica (figs. 50-53) have the tenth

sternite with a very low base and arch and a long, straight,

rather slender shaft, with an almost bulbous tip in /ve-

quentella present but not so pronounced in suwdetica. Sudetica

has the opening of the “slipper” (of the uncus) extending

nearly to the tip, in frequentella it arches over only about

one-third from the base, 7. e. high up in the instep.

Valesialis (fig. 58) is larger than any other of the moss-

feeders, the clasps being 1:2 mm. long against less than 1:00

for any of the others. The chitin is denser and darker.

The aedoeagus, however, is small by comparison, 7. e. about

the same length as the others (1:00 mm.) but narrow, viz.

013 mm. The uncus is very similar to that of lineola.

In /aetalis (figs. 64, 66, 70) the blunt end of the uncus

characteristic of the moss-feeders is broader and more dis-

tinctly notched in the middle than in any of the other

species. The tenth sternite is about equally divided in

length between the shaft and the basal arch, the shaft is

of about uniform, rather narrow, width for its whole length,

and the base spreads almost suddenly, with straight lateral

margin from its lower end.

Lineola (figs. 61-63) differs from any other member of

this division (except /aetalis) in having the clasps much

narrower than in them just beyond the dorsal margin of its

attachment, agreeing in this very nearly with Jaetalis and

pallida, e.g. in lineola the width at this point is 0°2 mm,

and 0°33 at the widest point. In ¢rwncicolella the relative

widths are 0°27 and 0°33, and in /aetalis 0°20 and 0:27 mm.

The aedoeagus has a slight S bend and is rather broad

(0°17 mm.), broader than any other except truncicolella, a

fact the more conspicuous as the appendages as a whole

are rather small.

Murana (figs. 44-46) has a slightly shorter aedoeagus

than the other species (except angustea) of this group

(barely under 1:00 mm.). The uncus is at once distinguish-

able as having the opening of the “slipper” very square,

so that the two sides are of about equal width up to the

516 Dr_T. A. Chapman on the

top of the opening, like two pillars, instead of gradually

widening from a pointed end, and the top is nearer a

transverse straight line than an arch.

Truncicolella (figs. 47-49) differs from frequentella and the

rest of this group in the width of the aedoeagus (0°20 mm.).

It also differs from /requentella in the base of the tenth

sternite sloping up to the shaft, and in the shaft itself

being therefore proportionately shorter, and in that it

is tapering instead of rod-like, being thicker at its base.

The opening of the “slipper” is much as in /requentella,

but in ¢rwneicolella one sees that these differences in the

opening of the slipper are merely apparent ; what differs

is that the “upper” of the “slipper” is in mercwredla

of uniform texture, in ¢runcicolella the medium strip

from the opening to the tip is comparatively pale and

structureless, and probably in sudetica is still present, but

more membranous and invisible.

The appendages of sudetica and petrophila seem to be

identical. There is a trifling difference in size. The length

of clasp of four petrophila averages 1:1 mm., of ten sudetica

1:04. Except that petrophila is much darker in colour, I can

see no difference in the general character of the imagines.

I think, therefore, these two are local races of one species.

Sudetica is a very variable insect both in size and depth of

colour, and I imagine if the depth of colour in any locality

exceeds a certain amount it 1s called petrophila,

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

All figures x 20 except figs. 23, 27, 30, 46, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72 and

74, which are x 40, and 71 x 30.

PLATE XXXV. Fie. 1. Cholius ochrealis, 6.

2. Scoparona centuriella, g lateral view.

” ’ d-

s re , @ bursa.

= - , @ last segments.

PuaTE XXXVI. Fic. 6. Scoparia dubitalis, ¢.

5 ingratella, ¢.

* ambigqualis, @.

3 dubitalis, 2 last segments and

bursa.

ambigualis, ¢ lateral view.

iUle Re atomalis, 2.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rorz, Plate XXXV.

C. Hentschel.

A. E. Tonge, photo.

CHOLIUS, SCOPARONA.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rgzz, Plate XXXVI.

A, E. Tonge, photo. C. Hentschel.

- SCOPARIA.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1971, Plate XXXVII.

C. Hentschel,

. E. Tonge, photo,

SCOPARIA.

A. E. Tonge, photo.

Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., rgrz, Plate XXXVIII.

C. Hentschel.

SCOPARIA,

A. E. Tonge, photo.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rgr1, Plate XX XIX.

SCOPARIA.

CG;

Hentschel.

A. E. Tonge, photo.

SCOPARIA,

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rgrz, Plate XL.

C. Hentschel.

ANARPIA, WITTLESIA.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1921, Plate ALE:

Hentschel.

(Gs

A. E. Tonge, photo.

, EUDORIA.

DIPLEURINA

SCOPARIA

——_——

A. £. Tonge, photo.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rgrz, Plate XLII.

C. Hentschel.

EUDORIA.

A, E. Tonge, photo.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911, Plate XLI IME

C, Hentschel.

EUDORIA.

1, igh am e4

Ord Mee i el alt

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rgr1, Plate XLIV.

Hentschel,

A. E. Tonge, photo

, WITTLESIA.

EUDORIA

SCOPARIA,

British species of Scoparia. 517

Prats XXXVII._ Fic. 12.

144

15.

16.

18.

Puate XXXVIII. Fria. 19.

Puate XXXIX. Fig. 24.

Puate XU. Iie, Sill

30.

PiatEe XLI. Fig. 39.

42.

Prate XLII. Fig. 47.

51.

Scoparia atomalis, ¢ bursa.

+ +> + -9):Last segments.

s aulmella, 3.

A na 2 DUrRA.

Rs » 9-9) Last segments.

Scoparia manifestella, g.

” ” , @ last segments.

Scoparia basistrigalis, 3.

lateral view.

” ” a 392.

” ” oy 2 bursa.

” ” , » last segments.

” 9 sy) bursa, x) 40!

Scoparia cembrae, ¢.

last segments.

” i) |) oh

” Dee ene) bursa.

” sn? ” x 40.

- phaeoleuca, g-

A 3 , 2 last segments.

in e ys) bursa x40.

Scoparia perplexella, g.

2 - , 2 last segments.

. Anarpia pyrenaedtis, ¢.

, @ last segments.

bursa.

” ”

” aad

. Wittlesia pallida, 3.

- 3s) 5 6 lateral view.

7 » 9» @ last segments,

Scoparia gallica, ¢.

i ingratella, 3 lateral view.

. Diplewrina erataegella, g lateral view.

) ” py ae).

es % , §¢ bursaand last

segments.

. Eudoria murana, ¢.

, @ bursa x 40.

” ”

Eudoria truncicolella, 3.

, @ last segments.

” ”

” ” re ey) bursa.

. sudetica, ¢.

= en Dursa.

TRANS. ENT, SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART II. (JAN.) MM

518 Dr. T. A. Chapman on the British species of Scoparia.

Prats XLII.

Puate XLII.

Pratt XLIY.

tf. 52. Hudoria sudetica, 2 last segments.

FIG.

Fic.

53.

54,

aT J sT +I

Cw bo

het

” ” )’ 3.

- Frequentella, 3.

» 5 ¢ last segments.

” ” 3 by) bursa.

. Eudoria alpina, ¢.

i valesialis, ¢.

. angustea, 3.

be » 4 @ last segments and

bursa.

A lineola, 6.

, & last segments.

” ”

” ”» 19033 bursa,

‘3 laetalis, 3.

a resinea, 4.

laetalis, 9 last segments.

Wittlesia pallida, Q bursa x 40.

Eudoria resinea, 2 bursa x 40.

Scoparia perplexella, 9 bursa x 40.

Eudoria laetalis, Q bursa x 40.

Scoparia perplexella, 2 chitinous tube

between bursa and outlet

x 30.

55 manifestella, Q x 40.

gallica, 2 last segments x 20

ss 4 5, bursa 3°40,

Eudoria resinea, 2 last segments x 20.

”

CM 5ige >)

XXII. Notes on the Genus Catasticta, with descriptions of

new species. By Percy I. Laruy, F.ZS., F.E.S.,

and W. F. H. RosenseraG, F.ZS., F.E.S.

[Read March Ist, 1911.]

PEATEs) Sh Vi" KEV Ff

On the appearance of the part of Seitz’s work on the

Lepidoptera containing the monograph of Catasticta, by

J. Rober, we decided to work out the material of this

genus in the collection of Mr. Adams, with a view to

describing the new species. As we proceeded to do this

we found so many errors in Roéber’s work that we felt

compelled: to correct these as well as describe the new

forms. The only described species of which we have seen

neither specimens nor figures are C. emeris, Boisd., and C.

rubricata, Weym. Our thanks are due to Monsieur Le

Cerf, of the Paris Museum, for kindly affording us the

opportunity of seeing the types of Lucas, and to the Hon.

Walter Rothschiid for allowing us to see Felder’s types.

Catasticta ochracea, Bates.

Euterpe ochracea, Bates, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1, p. 31 (1864).

C. ochracea, G., and S. Biologia C. Americana, p. 118, and

lix. £11, 12, 13 (1889).

Rober omits to mention this Guatemalan form of

nimbice, Boisd.

Catasticta boliviana, Butl.

C. boliviana, Butl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), 17, p. 54

(1896).

Rober figures this species as pinava, Doubld., and

compares it with sinapina, Butl., a species totally unlike it.

Catasticta vapina, Butl.

C. vapina, Butl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), 20, p. 367

(1897).

This name will have to be sunk as a synonym of wcerta,

Dognin, which has priority. Rober compares this species

with pinava, Rob. = boliviensis, Butl., a very different

thing, as may be seen by Dognin’s figure.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART III. (JAN.) MM 2

520 Messrs. P. I. Lathy and W. F. H. Rosenberg’s

Catasticta philomene, Rob.

C. philomene, Rob. Seitz Macrolepidoptera Faun, Amer.,

vol. 11, part 8, p. 71 (1909).

Specimens that we have received from Staudinger under

the manuscript name of philomene are identical with colla,

Doubld.

Catasticta hopfferi, Rob.

C. hopfferi, Rob, Seitz Macrolepidoptera Faun, Amer.,

vol. ii, part 8, p. 71 (1909).

This is identical with pinava, Doubld.

Catasticta hegemon, G. and 8.

C. hegemon, G. and §., Biologia C. Americana, vol. ii,

p. 120, and Ixiv, f. 21-4 (1889).

Rober makes no reference to this species,

Catasticta strigosa, Butl.

C. strigosa, Butl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), 17, p. 54

(1896).

Staudinger and Bang-Haas have sent this species out

under the name of modesta, Luc., and Rober evidently

accepted this as correct, as he figures it as such. C. modesta,

Luc., however, is quite a different species and more nearly

allied to pinava, Doubld.

Catasticta amastris, Hew.

Huterpe amastris, Hew., Bol. Butt., p. 3 (1874).

This is another species overlooked by Rober, and on our

examining the type in the British Museum we found it to

be the female of nzobe, Rober, which name, of course, will

have to sink as a synonym.

Catasticta cerberus, G. and 8.

C. cerberus, G. and §S., Biologia C. Americana, vol. ii,

p. 120, and lxiv, f. 19, 20 (1889).

A species of which Rober makes no mention; it is

allied to the preceding.

Catasticta apaturina, Butl.

C. apaturina, Butl., Entom., 34, p. 302 (1901).

Rober’s figure does not agree with the type, which has a

white band on the hindwing; it appears to approach more

nearly to our new species C. truncata.

Notes on the Genus Catasticta. PA

Catasticta cora, Lucas.

Euterpe cora, Lucas, Rev. Zool., 1852, p. 196.

Nobody appears to have identified this species correctly.

Rober figures cinerea, Butl., under this name. In the

British Museum cora, Luc., and zancle, Feld., are supposed

to be synonymous. However, when we examined the

types we found that the species sent out by Staudinger

and figured by Rober as paradoxa is identical with cora,

Luc.

Catasticta radiata, Koll.

Kuterpe radiata, Koll., Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien., Math.

Nat. Cl., i, p. 359, . 20 and 45, f. 3, 4 (1850).

We do not know what species Rober has identified as

radiata, Koll., but he has evidently made a mistake, as we

have had the opportunity of examining a good series, and

we have not been able to find any specimens with the

underside of hindwing much marked with red.

Catasticta alma, Hopff.

Euterpe alma, Hopftf., S.E.Z., 1874, p. 380, ». 2.

This species is nearly allied to C. tewtanis, Hew., and

has nothing to do with sisamnus, Fabr.

Catasticta troezene, Felder.

Euterpe troezene, Feld., Reise Nov., Lep., u, p. 154, n. 121

and 23, f. 2,3 (1865).

Rober has evidently been misled by Felder’s extremely

bad figure of this species, as, on examination of the type,

we find it is much more like troezenides, Rob., which is

undoubtedly a subspecies of tvoezene, Feld.

Catasticta affinis, Rob.

C’. affinis, Rob., Seitz., Macrolepidoptera, Faun. Amer., vol. ii,

part 11, p. 105 (1909).

This appears to be identical with C. philone, Feld., a

species which Rober makes no mention of.

Catasticta potamea, Feld.

Euterpe potamea, Feld., Wien. Ent. Mon., v, p. 78, n. 22

(1861).

Another species omitted by Rober.

522 Messrs. P. Tathy and W. F. H. Rosenberg’s

Catasticta philais, Feld.

Euterpe philais, Feld., Reise Nov., Lep., ii, p. 149, n. 117

(1865).

This species also left out by Rober.

Catasticta rubricata, Weym.

C. rubricata, Weym., Iris xx, p. 25 (1907).

Judging from the description, this appears to be either

the female of C. strigosa, Butl., or a female of a species

allied to C. alma, Hopff. Rober makes no mention of it.

Catasticta incerta, Dogn.

C. incerta, Dogn., Le Naturaliste, p. 48 (1888); Lep. Loja,

il, p. 46, 3, f. 4 (1891).

Rober appears to think this is a subspecies of manco,

Doubld. ; it is, however, quite a distinct species, the ground

colour of manco, Doubld., being grey, similar to that of our

new species lewcophaea.

Catasticta pharnakia, Fruhs.

C. pharnakia, Fruhs., Soc. Ent., 22, p. 116 (1907).

Rober places this species in the genus Archonias, but

we are inclined to think that its proper place is in Cata-

sticta, near strigosa, Butl. Our reasons for this are the

shape of the forewings, which are not so elongated as in

Archonias, and the position of the second subcostal nervure

of the forewing, which arises from just before end of cell.

Catasticta dentata, sp. nov. (Pl. XLV, figs. 1 and 2.)

g. Upperside. Forewing similar to amastris, Hew., but white

markings more conspicuous, and has marginal white spots near apex.

Hindwing with series of sagittate white markings beyond cell and

submarginal whitish spots. Underside, both wings similar to

amastris, Hew., but somewhat paler.

?. Upperside. Both wings similar to male, but basal half white

and other white markings more conspicuous. Underside. Fore-

wing similar to male, but basal half white. Hindwing as in male.

Exp. ¢ 59 mm., 2? 64 mm.

Acopampa, 8S. Peru: 11,500 ft, Feb. Mareb, 1910

(H. and C. Watkins), 1 2, 1 &

This is the Peruvian form of amastris, Hew. As the

species of this genus have such a similar pattern on the

underside we have not thought it necessary to give a

Notes on the Genus Catasticta. 523)

detailed description of each, but have in all cases com-

pared the new species with the one most nearly allied and

also figured them.

Catasticta albofasciata, sp. nov. (Pl. XLV, fig. 3.)

d- Near wricoecheae, Feld. Upperside. Forewing has discal

white band and has submarginal spots much smaller and red area of

hindwing considerably restricted. Underside. Forewing has more

white on discal area, and hindwing has yellow markings rather

more prominent.

Exp. 54 mm.

Maganja, COLOMBIA: 9,000 ft., Feb. 1910, 1 2.

There is a second specimen in the Godman and Salvin

collection in the British Museum.

Catasticta seitzi, sp. nov. (Pl. XLV, fig. 4.)

g. Near zancle, Feld., but ochreous markings of both wings above

much more restricted, especially on hindwing.

Exp. 48 mm.

Guabinas, Rio Cauca, W. CoLomBiA: Jan. 1908, 1 &

Catasticta watkinsi, sp.nov. (PI. XLV, fig. 5.)

$- Near pinava, Doubld., on upperside, but with bright ochreous

markings which are more extended than the olivaceous markings of

pinava, Doubld. The underside of the forewing differs in a similar

manner, while the hindwing lacks the distinct discal dark band, and

sub-basal and submarginal white markings of pinava, Doubld.

Exp. 52 mm.

Uruhuasi, 8. Peru: 7,000 ft., March, April, 1910 (#7.

and C. Watkins), 7 & &.

Catasticta distineta, sp. nov. (Pl. XLV, fig. 6.)

¢. Allied to swadila, Hopff., but with grey markings on upper-

side very much more extended. The underside of forewing is

much whiter, and the discal black band of hindwing much more

pronounced.

Exp. 57 mm.

Rio Colorado, Peru: 2,500 ft., Aug. 1903 (Watkins

and Tomlinson), 1 f type; La Merced, Peru: 2,500 ft.,

Aug. 1903 (Watkins and Tomlinson), 1 §; Huancabamba,

N.E. Peru : (Boettger) 2 f f.

524 Messrs. P. I. Lathy and W. F. H. Rosenberg’s

Catasticta ies sp. nov. (PI. XLV, fig. 7.)

¢. Similar to manco, Doubld., in colour above, but apex of fore-

wing more truncate, and hindwing more rounded and with less grey.

The underside of forewing is very much darker and the hindwings

more suffused with grey and yellow markings deeper.

Exp. 56 mm.

Uruhuasi, S. Peru: 7,000 ft. March, April, 1910 (ZH.

and C. Watkins), 1 g type; Huancabamba, N.E. PEru:

310, 000 tie:

The specimen from Huancabamba is smaller and not so

brightly coloured below.

Catasticta lanceolata, sp. nov. (Pl. XLV, fig. 8.)

d. Upperside appears to be identical with figure of incerta, Dogn.,

but differs below in absence of prominent subapical white markings

of forewing and in hindwing by exceedingly lanceolate type of

marking.

Exp. 53 mm,

Torne, Cauca Valley, CotomBia: Aug. 1907, 12 ¢ Z.

Catasticta minor, sp. nov. (PL XLV, fig. 9.)

dé. Allied to anaitis, Hew., but much smaller, grey markings

darker, and submarginal grey spots considerably larger; on the under-

surface the whitish markings much less distinct.

Exp. 58 mm.

San Ramon, PERU: 3,000 ft., Oct. 1903 (Watkins and

Tonilinson), 2 § $ type; Rio Colorado, PERU: 2,500 ft.,

March, April, 1903 (Watkins and Tomlinson), 1 f.

Catasticta subflava, sp. nov. (Pl. XLVI, fig. 7.)

d. Uppersurface somewhat similar to bithys, Hiibn., but apex of

forewing truncate and discal bands yellowish. The underside of

both wings is very different owing to the predominance of the bright

yellow markings.

Exp. 54 mm.

Huancabamba, N.E. Peru : 3—10,000 ft., 1 @.

Catasticta punctata, sp. nov. (Pl. XLVI, fig. 1.)

¢. Upperside similar to preceding, but discal bands slightly

darker and no marginal spots on hindwing. The undersurface is

Notes on the Genus Catasticta. 525

very different, more resembling that of colla, Doubld., but with

yellow markings instead of orange.

Exp. 56 mm.

Uruhuasi, S. Peru: 7,000 ft. March, April, 1910 (ZH.

and CO. Watkins), 12 $ $ type; Cuzco, Peru: 1 @.

The specimen from Cuzco has the discal bands of wings

above not so yellowish.

Catasticta hiibneri, sp. nov. (Pl. XLVI, fig. 2.)

¢. Somewhat similar to preceding but above discal bands more

distinct ; while undersurface of forewing is entirely devoid of yellow

markings.

Exp. 54 mm.

Peru's 1 ¢.

This specimen was received from Staudinger and Bang-

Haas under the above manuscript name.

Catasticta aureomaculata, sp. nov. (Pl. XLVI, fig. 3.)

¢. Near pinava, Doubld., but larger, submarginal markings of

hindwings less sagittate. The undersurface is similar in pattern but

darker, and marking rich orange instead of yellow.

Exp. 56 mm.

Uruhuasi, S. Peru: 7,000 ft., March, April, 1900

(H. and C. Watkins), 1 ¢.

Catasticta suffusa, sp. nov. (Pl. XLVI, fig. 4.)

¢. Similar to pinava, Doubld., but above the markings of fore-

wing are more extended, while the hindwing is completely suffused

with olivaceous and has marginal lunules much more distinct. The

underside of forewing has ground colour much paler and ochreous

markings more extended, while the hindwing has larger yellow

markings and much less prominent white bands.

Exp. 50 mm.

Huancabamba, N.E. Peru: 3—10,000 ft. 2 ff.

Catasticta albina, sp. nov. (Pl. XLVI, fig. 5.)

d¢. Closely allied to alma, Hopff., but the upper disco-cellular

white markings more extended and almost joining submarginal

spots.

Exp. 64 mm.

526 Messrs. P. I. ey and W. F. H. Rosenberg’s

Farinas, BOLIVIA: 1 ¢.

There are other specimens in the British Museum

collection.

Catasticta truncata, sp. nov. (Pl. XLVI, fig. 6.)

dg. Nearly allied to apatwrina, Butl., but spots on forewing

above yellowish, hindwing more produced at anal angle and discal

band yellow instead of white. Undersurface has no yellow markings,

only small orange ones.

Exp. 50 mm.

Merida, VENEZUELA.

It is quite possible that this is the species figured by

Rober as apaturina, Butl.

Catasticta superba, sp. nov. (PI. XLV, fig. 10.)

¢. Near chrysolopha, Koll., but very much larger, and discal

band of hindwing above entirely orange. The ground colour of

hindwing below is uniform pale yellow and not shaded with darker

as in chrysolopha, Koll.

Exp. 62 mm.

Uruhuasi, S. Peru: 7,000 ft., Feb. to May, 1910

(H. and C. Watkins), 8 $ 8.

Catasticta similis, sp. nov. (Pl. XLVI, fig. 8.)

¢. Very near the preceding but smaller and differs in the shorter

hindwings, smaller discal orange band and in ochreous margin of

inner margin only extending half-way from base.

Exp. 53 mm.

Uruhuasi, 8. Peru: 7,000 ft., April, May, 1910 (ZZ. and

C. Watkins), 2 ff.

Catasticta flavomaculata, sp. nov.

We have given this name to the southern form of

teutila, Doubld., typical specimens of which are northern

and have orange markings below. Costa Rican specimens

have yellow markings below, and in Guatemala inter-

mediate forms are to be found, therefore this new name

must only be regarded as subspecific. Typical teutila,

Doubld., have also white bands. Sebennica, Lue., is iden-

tical with teutila, Doubld., and endoica, Reak., is the

female.

7 Fe, aif

; di i ,

7) al ek are

Sater oe a

Trans. Ent. Soc.Liond.1911, Pl. XLV.

C.Knight del

SIEGE

CATA

NEW SPECIES

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLV.

Fia.

Catasticta dentata, sp. n., ¢, p. 522.

. Catasticta dentata, sp.n., 9, p. 522.

. Catasticta albofasciata, sp. n., ¢, p. 523.

Oatasticta seitzi, sp. n., 3, p. 528.

. Catasticta watkinsi, sp. n., ¢, p. 523.

. Catasticta distincta, sp. n., ¢, p. 523.

. Catasticta leucophaea, sp. n., ¢, p. 524.

. Catasticta lanceolata, sp. n., ¢, p. 524.

. Catasticta minor, sp. n., ¢, p. 524.

10. Catasticta swperba, sp. n., ¢, p. 526.

me &

oO to SI o> cr

Trans. Ent. Soc.Lond.,19U1, PL. XLVI

West, Newman chr.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVI.

Fic.

Catasticta punctata, sp. n., g, p. 524.

. Catasticta hiibneri, sp. n., ¢, p. 525.

. Catasticta awreomaculata, sp. n., o, p. 525.

. Catasticta suffusa, sp. n., g, p. 525.

. Catasticta albina, sp. n., 3, p. 525.

. Catasticta truncata, sp. n., 3, p. 526.

. Catasticta subflava, sp. n., ¢, p. 524.

. Catasticta similis, sp. n., ¢, p. 526.

. Catasticta susiana, Hopfft., 2, p. 527.

. Catasticta manco Doubld., 2, p. 527.

omardtoaa xp wr

j=)

Notes on the Genus Catasticta. 527

Catasticta intermedia, sp. nov.

gd. Very similar to innuba, Rob., but larger and paler, the

markings of hindwing below much yellower.

Exp. 54 mm.

Uruhuasi, S. Peru: 7,000 ft., March to May, 1910

(H. and C. Watkins), 12 3.

This form is intermediate between innuba, Rob., and

preris, Hew.

We have not thought it necessary to figure the last two

forms, as the typical forms in each case are so well known

that one cannot mistake them.

Catasticta susiana, Hopff. (Pl. XLVI, fig. 9.)

Euterpe susiana, Hopff., S.E.Z., 1874, p. 329.

Q. Differs from the male in the pale markings being more

extended and of a whitish colour.

An example from Ecuador.

Catasticta manco, Doubld. (P]. XLVI, fig. 10.)

Euterpe manco, Doubld., Ann. Nat. Hist... xix, er, 11,

vol. i, p. 121 (1848).

Q. Upperside, basal two-thirds of forewing white, hindwing

white with dark marking of undersurface showing through, a black-

ish patch beyond end of cell, and sagittate black markings on

margin. Underside similar to male but paler.

One specimen from Uruhuasi, S. PERU: 7,000 ft.,

April, May, 1910 (H. and C. Watkins).

EXPLANATION OF PiatEs XLV, XLVI.

[See Explanation facing the PLATES. ]

XXIII. South African Aculeate Hymenoptera in the

Oxford Museum. By the late Co. C. T. Brne-

HAM, F.Z.S. With Introduction by Pror. E. B.

PouLTon, D.Sc., M.A., F.R.S.

{Read May 3rd, 1911.]

THE Hope Department having in recent years received

many accessions to its collection of South African Hymeno-

ptera Aculeata, I asked my friend the late Col. C. T.

Bingham if he would work out the material, preparing a

list and describing the new forms. He agreed with me

that such a memoir would be of value to the students of

African insects, and he consented to undertake it in the

intervals of other work. I brought the whole of the

material to the Natural History Museum and, from time

to time during the last few years of his life, he devoted

himself to its study. He often showed me the parts of

the collection he had worked out and the gradually

increasing pile of manuscript. What Col. Bingham had

accomplished at the time of his lamented death is now

given to the world in the following paper, which also

iucludes the description of a new South African Aculeate

from the collections made in 1905 by Dr. F. A. Dixey

and Dr. G. B. Longstaff, and submitted to the author

by the naturalist last named. .

The source of each of the examples studied by Col.

Bingham is clearly indicated in the paper, but I may

mention that, in addition to the South African examples in

the W. W. Saunders Collection, the following recently-

made collections were submitted to the author: the

specimens collected by Mr. 8S. A. Neave in Northern

Rhodesia; by Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall in S. Rhodesia,

chiefly the Salisbury District ; by Dr. F. N. Brown in the

Orange River Colony and Natal; by Mr. G. F. Leigh and

Mr. F. Muir in Natal.

The types of all the descriptions are in the Hope

Department of the Oxford University Museum.

In presenting the labours of the lamented naturalist to

the Society, I have acted throughout under the skilled

advice of his friend and fellow-worker Mr. Rowland E.

Turner.

KE. B. POULTON.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART III. (JAN.)

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Musewm. 529

FOSSORES.

Family MUTILLIDAE.

1. MUTILLA ATROPOS, Smith.

Mutilla atropos, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., i, 1855, p. 22 2;

André, Zeit. Hym. Dipt., 11, 1903, p. 235.

Mutilla albistyla, Sauss., in Dist., Naturalist in the Trans-

vaal, 1892, p. 25, pl. 4, fig. 7 f.

Mutilla artemisia, Pér., Ann. S.A. Mus., 1, 1899, p. 368.

~ Narat f (Coll. W. W. Saunders), RaopeEsta : Mashona-

land, Salisbury 5000 ft. f (G@. Marshall); Loangwa

District, Petauké 1700-2400 ft. g (S. A. Neave).

Originally described from Natal. Type in the British

Museum, also other specimens from Lake Ngami and

from Angola,

2. MUTILLA MINOS, Smith.

Mutilla minos, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., ii, 1855, p. 16 3.

Ruopesia: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. g (G.

Marshall); Loangwa District, Petauké 1700-2400 ft. 3,

Fort Jameson 38000 ft. ¢ (S. A. Neave).

3. MUTILLA PURPURATA, Smith.

Mutilla purpurata, Sm., Deser. New sp. Hym. B.M., 1879,

e p.190 g; Pér., Ann. S.A. Mus., 1, pt. 1, 1898, p. 60 ?

and pt. ii, 1899, pl. 8, figs. 6, 14 9 g; André, Zeit.

Hym, Dipt., 11, 1902, p. 33.

RuopesiA: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. ¢ (G.

Marshall). Originally described from Natal. Type ¢ in

B.M., also other specimens from Natal and B.E. Africa,

Type 2 in S.A. Museum, Cape Town.

4, MUTILLA PSAMMATHE, Péringuey.

Mutilla psammathe, Pér., Ann. S.A. Mus. i, pt. 2, 1899,

Pp. a00 6 2:

NataL gf § in cop. (F. Muir). Types in S.A. Mus.

from Zambesia (G. Marshall).

5. MUTILLA CHARAXUS, Smith.

Mutilla charaxus, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., iii, 1855, p. 17 2.

530 Col. C. T. Bingham on South African

S. AFRica f (Coll. W. W. Saunders). RHODESIA:

Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. ¢, Buluwayo f ? in cop.

Dec. 1903 (G. Marshall).

and abdomen covered with erect black hairs. Head about as broad

as the thorax anteriorly, covered with coarse, somewhat greyish pile,

beneath which it is closely punctured ; mandibles acute at tip with

a small preapical tooth on their inner margins ; antennae opaque,

the scape covered with pile similar to that on the front and vertex,

1st joint of the flagellum very short, 2nd twice as long as the 3rd ;

eyes oval, rather small, equidistant from the occiput and the base

of the mandibles. Thorax: strongly punctured above, the sides

excavate and smooth. Seen from above, the thorax is narrow and

rounded anteriorly, emarginate at the sides and distinctly broadened

posteriorly ; the dorsal surface convex, passing evenly and roundly

into the posterior vertical face, which is slightly concave in the

centre ; legs black, covered with whitish hairs ; the calcaria and the

single row of spines on the intermediate and posterior tibiae white ;

claws simple, pale reddish-brown. Abdomen somewhat densely

covered with short black pile, beneath which it is closely punctured;

Ist segment immaculate beneath, longitudinally carinate, with a

single somewhat deep emargination in the middle, 2nd segment with

two rounded pubescent spots side by side placed closer to the base

than to the apex of the segment, the lateral edges of the dorsal plate

with a short longitudinal line of red ; 3rd segment with a transverse

band of dense white pubescence broadly interrupted in the middle,

apex of the dorsal and the apices of the 2nd to the 5th ventral

segments conspicuously fringed with white hairs, pygidial area

clearly defined, flat and finely punctured.

Length 9 8mm.

Described from the single taken in cop, at Buluwayo

by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall.

From the 2 of MM. lewcopyga, it can be distinguished by

the shape of the thorax, which in lewcopyga has the sides

parallel, and by the proportion of the joints of the flagellum

of the antennae.

6. MUTILLA MEDON, Smith.

Mutilla medon, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., ii, 1855, p. 20 g;

Sich. and Radoszk., Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., vi, 1869,

p. 239, pl. 21, fig: 12°35

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum. 531

Nata: Durban f 2 in cop. (@. #. Leigh). RHODESIA:

Mashonaland, Salisbury $ @ in cop. Nov. 19, 1905

(G. Marshall) ; Loangwa District, Petauké 1700-2400 ft.

a (S. A. Neave). Type in B.M. from the Congo, also other

specimens from Natal and from Beira in Portuguese Kast

Africa,

@. Head and abdomen black, thorax red. Head, thorax and

abdomen covered with short erect black hairs, sparse on the head

and abdomen, somewhat more thickly set on the thorax. Head

slightly broader than the thorax anteriorly, closely punctured ;

mandibles acute with a preapical short, blunt tooth on their inner

edges; antennae opaque, the scape closely set with short pale

pubescence ; antennal tubercles red; 2nd joint of the flagellum

inerassate towards the apex, twice as long as the 38rd, 3rd and 4th

subequal ; eyes oval, placed equidistant from the base of the man-

dibles and the occiput. Thorax rectangular, slightly convex above,

rounded anteriorly, the pronotal lateral angles not prominent, sides

slightly emarginate, posterior face vertical. Seen from above the

thorax is not broader anteriorly than posteriorly ; legs black covered

with whitish hairs, the single row of spines on the intermediate

and posterior tibiae and the calcaria white. Abdomen finely

punctured, the punctures shallow ; 1st segment immaculate, longi-

tudinally carinate below, the carina terminating posteriorly in a

vertical tooth ; 2nd segment with two pubescent white spots side by

side above ; 3rd and 4th segments with pubescent white bands above,

both bands broadly interrupted in the middle ; apex of 5th segment

above and apices of 2nd to 5th ventral segments fringed with long

white hairs, those fringing the 5th dorsal segment falling over and

completely shading a well-defined, flat and longitudinally striate

pygidial area.

Length 2 8-13 mm.

Nove.—The ¢ taken in cop. at Salisbury, Nov. 19, 1905, by

Mr. Marshall, had been placed at the head of the series by Col.

Bingham, and has been considered as the type of the above description

of this sex.—E. B. P.

7. MUTILLA PREDATRIX, Smith.

Mutilla predatriz,Sm., Descr. New sp. Hym. B.M., 1879,

p. 191 2.

Nata ¢ (Coll. W. W. Saunders). RaopEsia: Mashona-

land, Salisbury 5000 ft. 2, Umtali 3700 ft. 2 (@. Marshall).

Type in the B.M. from Natal, also other specimens from

Delagoa Bay and Zululand.

532 Col. C. T. Bingham on South African

8. MUTILLA DECIPIENS, Smith.

Mutilla decipiens, Sm., Descr. New sp. Hym. B.M., 1879,

p. 194 9.

NataL 2 (Coll. W. W. Saunders). Type in B.M., also

other specimens from Natal.

9. MUTILLA SPECULATRIX, Smith.

Mutilla speculatriz, Sm., Descr. New sp. Hym. B.M., 1879,

p. 1949; Pér, Ann. S.A. Mus.,i, pt. 1, 1898, p. 88 3%

NataL 2 (Coll. W. W. Saunders). Type in B.M., also

other specimens from Natal. A single ? in B.M. from

S. Nigeria (D. A. MacAlister).

10. MUTILLA SINUOSICEPS, André.

Mutilla sinwosiceps, André, Zeits. Hym. Dipt., ii, 1902,

Be adds

Rx#opesia : Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. ¢ (@. Mar-

shall).

11. MUTILLA ARGENTEIVENTRIS, André,

Mutilla argenteiventris, André, Zeits. Hym. Dipt., ii, 1902,

p- 25 &.

Ra#opeEsiA : Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. # (G. Mar-

shall).

12. MUTILLA PERINGUEYI, André.

Mutilla péringueyt, André, Zeits. Hym. Dipt., 11, pt. 1,

1902; pp. 2508.

Estcourt: Naran 4000 ft. ¢ 2 in cop. Jan. 1897

(G. Marshall).

?. Black, the mandibles anteriorly in.the middle, the antennal

tubercles, the apex of the scape of the antennae and the thorax

above and on the sides red ; head, thorax and abdomen covered with

erect black hairs, the abdomen with close-set recumbent short black

pubescence, and apical white pubescent bands on the basal three

segments, the bands on the 2nd and 38rd segments medially widely

interrupted. Head not wider than the thorax in front, transversely

rectangular convex in front, very slightly arched posteriorly, finely

and closely punctured ; mandibles acutely pointed with a small

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Musewm. 533

preapical tooth on their inner edges ; clypeus rounded anteriorly,

flat with a small shining tubercle at base. Antennae: 2nd joint

of the flagellum twice as long as the 3rd, 3rd and 4th subequal ; eye

rounded, convex, the vertex arched, the sides of the head behind

the eyes well developed. Thorax elongate, broader anteriorly than

posteriorly, the sides slightly crenulate, above closely and coarsely

punctured, the punctures running into longitudinal striae or fine

grooves, posteriorly obliquely sloped ; the sides of the median seg-

ment carinate ; the pleurae smooth, legs shining, intermediate and

posterior tibiae with a single row of short distant spines ; calcaria

short, yellowish-white. Abdomen sessile, ventral carina of the

basal segment feebly emarginate as in the ¢; 6th segment convex

without a pygidial area.

Length 2 8 mm.

13. MUTILLA ALECTO, Smith.

Mutilla alecto, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., iii, 1855, p. 17 3;

André, Wytsman’s Gen. Ins. Hym., Fasc. 11, 1903,

p- 35.

Guinea ¢ (Coll. W. W. Saunders). Natal ? g (Coll.

W. W. Saunders).

14, MUTILLA LEUCoPYGA, Klug.

Mutilla leweopyga, Klug, Symb. Phys., 1829, dec. 1, pl. 4,

fig. 10 2; André, Zeits. Hym. Dipt., ui, pt. 1, 1902,

p.. 22:

Mutilla opaca, Lep., Hist. Nat. Hym., iii, 1845, p. 624 2%.

Mutilla persephone, Pér., Ann. S.A. Mus., i, 1898, p. 69;

id. tom. cit. 1899, pl. 8, figs. 11, 13 2 @.

Natal ? (Coll. W. W. Saunders). RHODESIA: Mashona-

land, Salisbury 5000 ft., and Buluwayo 2 2 (G. Marshall).

15. MurILLaA CYTHERIS, Péringuey.

Mutilia cytheris, Pér, Ann. S.A. Mus., i, pt. 2, 1899,

p. 372 g.

RuopeEsIA: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. ¢ (4.

Marshall).

The two succeeding forms have, so far as I can make

out, not been previously described. Both so closely

resemble Dolichomutilla guineensis, Fabr., that they might

easily be mistaken for that form; both belong, however,

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. (1911).—PART UI. (JAN.) NN

534 Col. C. T. Bingham on South African

to the genus. Mati and not to Dolichomutilla, Ashmead,

as defined by André (Genera Insectorum. P. Wytsman.

Hymenoptera),

16. MUTILLA SECRETA, form n.

N. E. Ruopesia: Loangwa River 1700 ft.: June 7,

1905; and Petauke, Nov. 27, 1905 (S. A. Neave).

@. Black shining with sparsely scattered erect white hairs, the

abdomen more densely clothed with recumbent black hairs. Head

subquadrate closely and coarsely punctured, as wide as the thorax in

front; clypeus overhung with a dense fringe of white hairs ;

mandibles acute, slightly reddish in the middle; eyes ovate, large,

closer above to the occiput than below to the base of the mandibles ;

head behind the eyes rounded and broad. Thorax rectangular, the

sides nearly parallel, the pronotum slightly arched anteriorly, the

median segment obliquely but steeply sloped posteriorly, the whole

thorax above very closely and cvarsely punctured; seen from above

the intervals between the punctures on the median segment have

the appearance of an arched row of short spines, the sides of the

thorax nearly smooth with one or two wide reticulations on the

mesopleurae, the mesopleurae obliquely bicarinate; legs slender,

intermediate and posterior tibiae with a double row of short black

spines, the calcaria white. Abdomen sessile; basal segment short

immaculate, ventral carina incised in the middle; 2nd segment

with two transversely placed pubescent round white spots; 3rd and

4th segments with broad pubescent white bands, that are widely

interrupted in the middle on both segments; 6th segment fringed

and overhung with white hairs, convex and smooth towards apex

with no defined pygidial area, below with a single small median

tubercle; 2nd and following ventral segments narrowly testaceous

at their apices and sparsely fringed with white hairs.

Length 2 10-11 mm.

The specimen from the Loangwa River, June 7, 1905,

is marked as the type.

17. MUTILLA DURA, form n.

RuHoDEsIA: Loangwa Valley, Petauké 1700 ft.: Dee. 25,

1905 (S. A. Neave).

@. In general appearance size and markings very closely resembles

M. secreta, the form just described. It can be distinguished as

follows. Antennae: 2nd joint of the flagellum three times, not twice

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum. 535

as long as the 8rd; thorax: broader posteriorly than anteriorly ;

abdomen: basal joint slightly longer, its ventral carina twice incised ;

3rd segment only with a pubescent interrupted white band above ;

4th segment entirely black; pygidial area flat, well defined and

punctured, no tubercle on ventral valve of 6th segment.

Length ? 11 mm.

Described from a single specimen.

18. MUTILLA IPHIANASSA, form n.

RHODESIA: East Loangwa District, Petauké 2400 ft. :

April 1, 1905 (S. A. Neave).

9. Black ; mandibles at apex, the antennal tubercles and the

thorax above a very dark obscure red, this colour on the thorax

not extended to the anterior or posterior margins, but leaving an

edging of black which is broadest on the median segment. Head

and thorax above densely, the abdomen more sparsely clothed with

erect brownish hairs; the abdomen with a thin scattered covering

also of recumbent black hairs. Head closely and finely punctured,

subquadrate slightly broader than long and slightly broader than

the thorax anteriorly ; mandibles acute ; eyes ovate closer to the

base of the mandibles below than to the occiput above ; antennae ;

scape shining with a few scattered brown hairs, flagellum opaque,

basal two joints minutely but densely pubescent, Ist joint very

short, 2nd twice as long as 3rd or 4th. Thorax nearly rectangular,

coarsely cribrately punctured, very slightly broader posteriorly

than anteriorly, arched in front, the sides dentate in the middle,

behind which they are slightly emarginate, posteriorly the dorsal

surface passes with an even but steep slope to the apex of the

median segment; legs short, slender, tibiae of the intermediate

and posterior pair of legs with a single row of spines, calcaria

very slender, short and white. Abdomen: massive, sessile, finely

punctured and shining; 1st segment immaculate, ventral carina

thick and deep, strongly incised in the middle; 2nd segment with

a triangular spot in the middle at base and a slender medially

widely interrupted line of yellowish pubescence on its apical margin

above ; 3rd segment with a broad similarly interrupted band of like

pubescence above; 6th segment shaded by a tuft of long yellowish

hairs which hides the comparatively well-defined but small flat

transversely striate pygidial area ; abdomen beneath covered rather

densely with soft reddish-brown hairs.

Length ? 8-9 mm.

Described from a single example.

536 Col. C. T. Bingham on South African

This form has ee resemblance to JZ. alcyone,

Péringuey (suspected by Péringuey to be the 2 of JZ.

exaltata, Smith) in the red-colouring of the thorax which

is confined to the dorsal face. In alcyone, however, the

basal abdominal segment has an apical whitish patch, the

2nd segment a spot or ovate patch in the centre, and the

3rd and 4th segments similarly coloured bands. In ad-

dition, the shape of the head and the ventral carina on

the basal abdominal segment are quite different.

19. MUTILLA CRISTATA, form n.

RuopesiaA: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft.: Nov. 1903

(G, Marshall).

g. Totally black and covered with a sparse clothing of erect

white hairs which on the abdomen form slight but distinct fringes

to the apical margins of the segments ; on the legs the white hairs

are rather more dense especially on the outside of the tibiae of the

intermediate and posterior legs, the calcaria of which are also white ;

wings hyaline at base then gradually infuscate and on the forewings

with a sharply marked broad terminal fuscous margin that has in

certain lights a rich purple effulgence. Head broader than long,

slightly broader than the thorax in front, vertex behind the ocelli

raised into a blunt cone-shaped prominence, eyes oval deeply

emarginate, head behind the eyes moderately developed ; mandibles

very broad towards the apex, tridentate ; antennae moderately stout,

Ist joint of the flagellum short, 2nd a little longer, 3rd slightly

longer than the 2nd. Thorax moderately long more or less rect-

angular, prothorax sharply truncate in front, mesonotum short,

convex ; scutellum longer than broad rounded posteriorly ; median

segment roundly oblique and declivous; forewings with two well-

marked cubital cells, the 3rd cubital cell faintly traced ; legs slender

the tibiae without spines. Abdomen long, the basal segment petio-

late at base nodose at apex, the 2nd segment broadest in the middle,

the others decreasing gradually to the 7th. Head and thorax closely

and very coarsely punctured cribrate; median segment with six

somewhat irregular longitudinal carina, the middle two of which

do not extend to the apex, the intervals between the carina coarsely

reticulate. Abdomen finely, closely and regularly punctured except

on the node of the basal segment where the punctures are large

and coarse, ventral carina of this segment very slight trifid towards

the apex.

Length ¢ 12mm, Exp. 20 mm.

Described from a single example.

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum. 537

This remarkable form has the appearance of a Dasy-

labris, but the emarginate eyes and tridentate mandibles

do not allow of its being entered under that genus. The

shape of the head and the multicarinated median segment

serve to distinguish it from all African forms of Mutilla

known to me.

20. MUTILLA IPHONOE, form n.

Nata (Coll. W. W. Saunders).

2. Black, basal two-thirds of the mandibles, antennal tubercles,

apex of scape, basal two joints of the flagellum of the antennae and

the thorax dorsally and on the sides red. Head, thorax and abdomen

covered with sparsely scattered erect yellowish hairs, the basal

abdominal segment with an apical triangular patch in the middle

above the 2nd, 3rd and 6th segments with dorsal, and the 2nd to

the 6th segment with ventral bands or fringes of similar pubescence.

Head subquadrate broader than long and a little broader than the

thorax, very closely and somewhat coarsely punctured ; mandibles

somewhat obtuse at apex, antennal tubercles rounded, prominent;

eyes placed rather forward equidistant from the occiput and the base

of the mandibles, head well developed behind the eyes. Thorax

rectangular not broader or narrower posteriorly than anteriorly

above coarsely punctured the sides crenulate, the pronotum slightly

arched in front ; the median segment abruptly truncate, the posterior

angles above well marked the margin with a row of five pos-

teriorly-pointed long spines in the middle and two much shorter

ones on each side at the angles. Abdomen more finely punctured

than the thorax, basal segment short, with its ventral carina deep

and incised in the middle, Ist to the 6th segment smooth along

their bases, sparsely punctured along their posterior margins, the

pygidial area well defined very firmly punctured.

Length 9 9 mm.

Described from a single example.

21. MUTILLA LYSIPPE, form n.

RHODESIA: Eastern Loangwa District, Petauké 2400

ft. 2: Feb. 22, 1905 CS. A. Weave).

9. Head, legs and abdomen black, thorax dark red. Head,

thorax and abdomen covered with sparsely scattered erect black

hairs, the abdomen in addition with close thick recumbent black

pile, two small spots transversely on the 2nd segment above, a band

on the 3rd segment above, long fringes on the 2nd to the 6th ventral

538 Col. C. TL, Bingham on South African

segment continued round the base of the latter above, of pale

yellowish pubescence, the legs thickly studded with erect pale

yellow hairs, the tibial calcaria pale yellow, the tibiae above with a

double row of short reddish-brown spines. Head small, about as

broad as the thorax closely punctured somewhat lenticular, three

times as broad as long, the front faintly convex, the occiput arched ;

mandibles acutely pointed with a short blunt tooth on their inner

margins, antennae opaque, antennal tubercles rounded, not prominent

2nd joint of the flagellum about a third longer than the 3rd or 4th

joints; eyes large prominent, their lower orbits closer to the bases of

the mandibles than their upper orbits to the occiput; head behind

the eyes not much developed, rounded. Thorax from above rect-

angular dorsally longitudinally deeply carinate striate, the pronotum

arched in front, the humeral angles rounded, median segment

posteriorly vertically truncate, its posterior face vertically carinate,

the apical margin above toothed, the teeth, which are continuations

of the irregular longitudinal carinae covering the dorsal surface

of the thorax, short. Abdomen massive above closely punctured,

beneath: the bases of segments 2 to 6 very finely transversely striate,

their apices punctured, ventral carina of basal segment very slightly

raised twice incised, pygidial area well defined, slightly convex,

longitudinally striate.

Length 2? 11 mm.

Described from a single example.

22. MUTILLA RUFOCORONATA, form n.

Nata (Coll. W. W. Saunders).

¢. Black ; the apical half of the mandibles, the tubercles and

scape of the antennae and a broad transverse band on the posterior

half of the head dark red, the thorax and legs brighter red. Head

thorax and abdomen with sparsely scattered erect black hairs, the

legs with shorter similar yellowish hairs ; the apical margins of the

[st and 3rd abdominal segments each with a broad transverse band

of golden pubescence, the apical margin of the 2nd segment with a

narrow fringe of the same pubescence, beneath which the segment is

bright testaceous red. Head rounded, not wider than the thorax,

finely punctured ; eyes large slightly convex, their upper orbits as

far from the posterior angle of the occiput as their lower orbits from

the base of the mandibles ; mandibles acute at apex, simple; 2nd

and 3rd joints of the antennae subequal. Thorax closely punctured,

the punctures running into longitudinal striae, wider anteriorly than

posteriorly, the apex roundly truncate ; legs robust, the intermediate

and posterior tibiae with a single row of short spines ; the calcaria

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum. 539

white. Abdomen subsessile as long as the head and thorax united

closely punctured above; ventral carina of basal segment well

marked, truncate posteriorly ; 6th segment convex without a

pygidial area.

Length 9 7 mm.

Described from a single example.

23. MUTILLA LOANGWANA, form n.

RuHopesiA : Loangwa District, Petauké 2400 ft.: April

1, 1905 (S. A. Neave).

¢. Black; the third and succeeding segments of the abdomen

very dark ferruginous red ; wings dark shining purple. Head not

so wide as the thorax, not much developed behind the eyes; with

somewhat sparse long black hairs on the vertex, front and underside ;

mandibles large and powerful, smooth and shining, armed with a

small tooth medially on their edges, apex acute ; clypeus slightly

convex, smooth and shining, anteriorly widely emarginate ; antennae

comparatively short and stout, scape punctured and clothed with

short hairs, flagellum with the 2nd, 3rd and 4th joints subequal ;

front above the antennae, vertex and sides of the head coarsely

punctured, the sculpturing obscured by long hairs ; ocelli not pro-

minent ; eyes rather small neatly triangularly emarginate on their

inner orbits. Thorax broad and massive, very coarsely punctured

and somewhat thickly covered with long black hairs; pronotum

very short, posteriorly widely arched ; mesonotum slightly convex,

with six longitudinal carinae, none of which reach the anterior

margin, the medial four in pairs with a deep groove between each

pair; scutellum highly conical, divided by a deep smooth excavation

from the mesonotum, median segment remarkably massive and

broad, broader than long, very coarsely cribrate, apically truncate,

two short longitudinal carinae from base down the middle ending

in a loop before attaining the edge of the truncation; sides of the

median segment sharply defined and carinate. Wings broad ; fore-

wing with three cubital cells ; tegulae black, rounded, convex, covered

with more or less arcuate or curved fine striae. Legs black ; inter-

mediate and posterior tibiae thickly clothed with long black hair.

Abdomen : sessile, massive ; basal segment more or less cupuliform,

closely punctured, and distinctly subapically constricted by a broad

but shallow sulcation, entirely clothed with long black hairs,

beneath with a short straight highly raised wedge-shaped carina ;

second segment smooth shining, remotely and finely punctured

above, beneath with large scattered punctures, fringed along upper

540 Col. C. ceapinghare on South African

and under margin by stiff black hairs ; remaining segments closely

and finely punctured, more or less densely covered with long reddish

hairs, that on the apical segment turn to black,

Length ¢ 21mm. Exp. 46 mm.

Described from a single example.

Both in coloration and in sculpture unlike any African

form known to me. It has, however, a distant resemblance

to the males of the “sewmaculata” group of mutilla from

India.

24, MUTILLA CLOANTHA, Péringuey.

Mutilla nigripennis, Sm, (nec. Oliv.), Cat. Hym. B.M., iui,

1855, p. 19.

Mutilla cloantha, Pér., Ann. S.A. Mus., i, 1898, p. 88.

Natat fg (W. W. Saunders Coll.)

25. MUTILLA TETTENSIS, Gerstaecker.

Mutilla tettensis, Gerst., Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1857,

p. 511; id. Peters, Reise n, Mozamb., v, 1862, p. 488

2, pl. 31, fig. 7; Sich. and Radosz., Hor. Soc. Ent.

Ross., vi, 1869, p. 254; André, Wytsman’s Gen. Ins.

Hym., Fasc. 11, 1903, p. 38.

Nata 2 (W. W. Saunders Coll.).

26. DASYLABROIDES IDIA, Péringuey.

Mutilla idia, Pér., Ann. S.A, Mus., i, pt. 2, 1897, p. 360 9.

Dasylabroides idia, André, Wytsman’s Gen, Ins, Hym.,

1903, p. 23.

RuopeEsia: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. 2 (@. A. K.

Marshall).

A single specimen that agrees well with Péringuey’s

description.

27. DASYLABROIDES INCONSPICUA, Smith.

Mutilla inconspicua, Sm., Descr. New sp. Hym. B.M., 1879,

p. 191 2 9.

Dasylabroides inconspicua, André, Wytsman’s Gen. Ins.

Hym., 1903, p. 23.

Nata 2 (Coll. W. W. Saunders); Ruopesta : Melsetter,

Gazaland 3600 ft. ¢ (G. Marshall).

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum. 541

28. MYRMILLA AFRICANA, form n.

Natau (Coll. W. W. Saunders).

d+ Black and shining ; the apices of the mandibles, the antennal

tubercles, apex of the scape, 2nd joint of the flagellum of the

antennae, the pro- and mesonotum, and scutellum brick red. Head,

thorax, legs and abdomen covered with sparsely scattered erect white

hairs. Head finely punctured broader than long and slightly

broader than the thorax, mandibles acutely pointed, apical half

longitudinally grooved, two preapical blunt teeth on the inner

margin ; antennae opaque, 2nd and 3rd joints of the flagellum sub-

equal ; eyes oval, entire, slightly convex. Thorax rounded in front,

posteriorly roundly truncate, finely punctured, the median segment

reticulate ; wings flavo-hyaline, forewing with the stigma small, the

radial cell short and wide, two complete cubital cells, the third

cubital faintly traced, the 2nd recurrent nervure present, terminating

well beyond the 2nd cubital cell; legs slender, tibial calcaria

elongate. Abdomen nearly smooth, only very sparsely and finely

punctured ; 1st segment with the carina not much raised.

Length ¢ 6mm. Exp. 11 mm.

Described from a single example.

Notr.—The manuscript of this memoir gave the name albicans

to the above species ; but the specimen itself was distinctly labelled

“africana, Bingham ¢, Type.”—E. B. P.

29. DOLICHOMUTILLA VETUSTATA, form n.

S. RoopEsiA: Mt. Kapsuku, nr. Feira 3400 ft. 2: May

20, 1904; and N.E. Ruopesia, East Loangwa Dist.,

Petauké 2400 ft. ff: March 1 and 17,1905 (S. A. Neave).

The specimen bearing the date March 17, 1905, is

marked as the type.

6. Jet black, the face in front somewhat sparsely clothed with

long white hairs, the thorax with scattered erect black hairs the basal

five abdominal segments fringed on their apical margins laterally

with Jong white hairs; wings dark fuscous with a magnificent

purple effulgence. Head, pro- and mesonotum, scutellum and post-

scutellum very densely and somewhat coarsely punctured ; median

segment reticulate, the reticulations large even and deep; abdomen

closely but more finely punctured with the punctures shallower than

on the thorax, on the middle of the segments above the punctures

are sparse, the segments showing more or less of a smooth area,

intermediate and posterior tibiae without spines. Head narrower

542 Col. C. a on South African

than the thorax, transverse, not much produced behind the eyes ;

mandibles broad, longitudinally grooved, with a preapical tooth on

the inner edge; eyes convex, only slightly indented on the inner

orbits, antennae stout, 2nd joint of flagellum half as long again as

the 3rd; thorax slightly narrowed in front ; scutellum raised into

a conical large tubercle ; median segment very oblique posteriorly

slightly convex, sharply carinate on each side ; abdomen subsessile,

lst segment short, its ventral carina well raised, its edge vertically

sinuate.

Length ¢ 13-14mm. Exp. 25-28 mm.

This form may be a variety of D. atrata, Linn., but the

description of the latter speaks of a white transverse band

on the abdomen, in the former the segments 1-5 are only

laterally fringed with white.

30. DOLICHOMUTILLA GUINEENSIS, Fabr.

Mutilla quineensis, Fabr., Ent. Syst., 1, 1793, p. 367 ; Lep.

Hym., 11, p. 640 9.

RHODESIA: East Loangwa, Petauké 2400 ft. 2 (S. A.

Neave).

A single 9.

31. DoLICHOMUTILLA SYCORAX, Smith.

Mutilla sycoraz, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., 111, 1855, p. 19 8.

Mutilla quineensis, Gerst. (nec. Fabr.), Monats. Akad. Wess.

Berlin, 1857, p. 511 ¢; idem. Peters Reise n. Mozamb.,

Zool., v, 1862, p. 486, pl. 31, figs. 4 and 5 2; André,

Zeits. Hym. Dipt., 1, 1901, p. 339.

NATAL ? (Coll. W. Saunders); Ruopesta: Mashonaland,

Salisbury 5000 ft. 2 (G. Marshall); Lagos 2 (J. A. Cremer).

32. DoLICHOMUTILLA NEAVEI, form n.

N.E. RHopeEsiA: East Loangwa District, Petauké 2400

ft. f: Dec. 28 and 31, 1904 (S. A. Weave).

The specimen captured Dec. 28, 1904, is marked as the

type.

g. Black and shining; the mandibles close to the apex, the

pro-and mesonotum, scutellum and tegulae dark red; the head, thorax

and abdomen covered with long erect black hairs; the mandibles be-

neath, the lower portion of the inner orbits, a fringe posteriorly on the

scutellum and another posteriorly on the apical abdominal segment

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum. 543

covered with silky pale yellow hairs. There are besides many scat-

tered whitish yellow erect hairs on the head posteriorly, on the sides

of the median segment, on the basal segment of the abdomen, and

on the apical three or four ventral segments. Abdomen above with

two large rounded spots transversely on the 2nd segment and broad;

medially broadly interrupted, bands of silky short white pubesence

on the 3rd and 4th segments. Wings fuscous the terminal margins

broadly and costa narrowly of the forewings darker fuscous. Head

densely punctured, much broader than long, but much narrower

than the thorax anteriorly, the face flat, slightly concave, not much

developed behind the eyes, obliquely rounded. Mandibles and

clypeus highly polished, smooth, the former acute at apex with a

strong inner preapical tooth ; eyes elongate strongly emarginate on

the inner side above; antennae opaque, 2nd and 8rd joints subequal.

Thorax massive anteriorly, the pro- and mesonotum and scutellum

closely and coarsely punctured, the tegulae smooth and shining ;

mesonotum with three longitudinal short carinae, the middle carina

the longest, and a deep longitudinal groove on either side, these

grooves not extended to the anterior margin of the mesonotum;

scutellum with a short longitudinal carina raised into a tubercle at

apex ; median segment coarsely reticulate, the sides sharply carinate,

the posterior face sloping to the apex ; wings: forewing with three

cubital cells; legs without spines. Abdomen subsessile, coarsely

punctured, the 2nd segment with a central smooth unpunctured

highly polished area,

Length ¢ 17mm. Exp. 33 mm.

Resembles in colouring Mutilla purpurata, but the

markings on the abdomen are quite different, and more-

over it belongs to a different genus or subgenus.

33. DASYLABRIS NYCTIMENE, Péringuey.

Mutilla nyctimene, Pér., Ann. S.A. Mus., i, 1898, p. 91 %.

Dasylabris nyctimene, André, Wytsman’s Gen. Ins. Hym.,

Fasc. 11, 1908, p. 67.

RHopESIA: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. f (G4.

Marshall.)

34. DASYLABRIS MEPHITIS, Smith.

Mutilla mephitis, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., iii, 1855, p. 21 9.

Dasylabris mephitis, André, Zeits. Hym. Dipt., 1901,

posi2 2.

NataL: Durban ? (fF. Muir).

54d Col. C. Tgpingham on South African

35. DASYLABRIS ATE, form n.

RwopEsiA: Mashonaland, Salisbury, May 1905 (@.

Marshall).

9. Black, the legs red; the head, thorax and abdomen closely

punctured and covered with erect white hairs which are most pro-

minent on the legs ; the abdomen with transverse pubescent white

bands on the apical margins of the Ist and 2nd segments, the latter

band dilated in the middle, the 5th segment with a thick apical

fringe of white hairs. Head broader than the thorax in front,

longer than broad, occiput and cheeks behind the eyes rounded ;

mandibles acute at apex, antennae short, 2nd joint of flagellum much

longer than the Ist and slightly longer than the 3rd, eyes oval

convex, placed on the sides of the head, equidistant above and below

from the lateral angle of the head and from the base of the man-

dibles. Thorax oval, broadest in the middle, sides convex, not

excavate, punctured as above. Abdomen as long as the head and

thorax united ; basal segments petiolate and nodose at apex, ventral

carina twice indented, 2nd segment very long and massive, pygidial

area small and hidden by the fringe of white hairs at the apex of

the 5th segment.

Length 2 6 mm.

Described from a single example.

This is the smallest form of the genus known to me.

36. DASYLABRIS INFLATA, André.

Mutilla (Dasylabris) inflata, André, Zeits. Hym. Dipt., i,

1901, p. 313.

RHODESIA: Gazaland and Upper Buzi River 3500 ft. 2

(G. Marshall).

37. STENOMUTILLA CAPICOLA, Péringuey.

Mutilla capicola, Pér., Ann. S.A. Mus., i, 1898, p. 47 ?. Le

Mutilla (Stenomutilla) capicola, André, Zeits. Hym. Dipt., 1,

1901, p. 3202 f.

RuHopeEsIA: Mount Kapsaku 2400 ft. ¢ (S. A. Neave) ;

Salisbury 5000 ft. ¢ (G@. Marshall).

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum.

38. STENOMUTILLA CLELIA, Péringuey.

Mutilla clelia, Pér., Ann. 8.A. Mus., 1, 1899, p. 366 2.

Mutilla (Stenomutilla) clelia, André, Zeits. Hym. Dipt., i,

1901, p..322 ¢.

N.E. Roopesia: East Loangwa District, Petauké 2400

ft.: f Feb. 21,1905; 2 Jan. 27, 1905 (S. A. Neave).

The ¢ specimen has the wings torn off. The 9, so far

as I know, has not been previously described.

@. Black, the mesonotum of the thorax very obscurely dark red.

Head, thorax and abdomen coarsely densely cribrately punctured and

covered sparsely with stiff, erect, black hairs, the punctures on the

2nd abdominal segment are elongate and run into heavy, coarse,

longitudinal striations, the clypeus, lower part of the face, the scape of

the antennae and the legs havea more or less dense clothing of silvery

white hairs mixed with the black ; transverse bands at the apices of

the 1st and 2nd abdominal segmentsof pale yellowish white pubes-

cence. Head transverse, broader than long, and not so broad as the

thorax in front ; mandibles acute at apex, clypeus highly polished

and shining; antennae stout, 2nd joint of the flagellum somewhat

longer than the 3rd ; eyes : convex, prominent, placed in the middle of

the sides of the head equally distant from the base of the mandibles

and from the posterior lateral angle of the head. Thorax short, of

the same shape as in the g, transverse anteriorly, the sides parallel

for a short distance then obliquely inclined towards each other, the

apex truncate, the pleurae excavate, coarsely cribrate not smooth.

Abdomen : basal segment petiolate, nodose at apex, the ventral carina

not prominent, 2nd segment very long and massive, apical segment

convex above, without a pygidial area.

Length ? 10 mm.

39. STENOMUTILLA BEROE, Péringuey.

Mutilla beroe, Pér., Ann. S.A. Mus., 1, 1898, p. 48 @.

Stenomutilla beroe, André, Wytsman’s Gen. Ins. Hym.,

Fasc. 11, 1903, p. 68 .

NaraLt: Lake Umkomaas f# (G. Leigh); RHODESIA:

Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. ¢ 2 (G. Marshall) ;

East Loangwa, Petauké 2400 ft. (S. A. Meave).

¢é. Black, the thorax red. Head, thorax and abdomen covered with

erect black hairs, the base of the mandibles, the front of the scape of

the antennae, the occiput, the median segment posteriorly, the legs

and transverse bands on the apices of the basal three abdominal

546 Col. C. T. Bingham on South African

segments with long whitish yellow hairs ; the black hairs along the

apical margins of the 8rd to the 6th abdominal segments forming

fringes and tufts; wings dark fuscous with a purple effulgence,

head from above transverse, extended well behind the eyes, rounded

and closely punctured all over; mandibles broad at apex witha

preapical inner tooth and a blunt tooth near the base on the outer

edge. Clypeus smooth shining excavate, a strong carina between the

bases of the antennae, eyes somewhat prominent, convex, the lower

orbit closer to the base of the mandible than the upper orbit to the

lateral posterior edge of the occiput, antennae slender, 2nd joint of the

flagellum shorter than the 3rd, which is very slightly longer than the

4th. Thorax elongate oval, pro- and mesonotum and the pleurae,

the scutellum and postscutellum coarsely punctured cribrate, tegulae

of the wings small and smooth, median segment rounded reticulate,

legs slender, punctured, intermediate and posterior tibiae with single

rows of strong spines, basal joint of the posterior tarsi flattened,

triangular; wings ample, forewing with three cubital cells. Abdo-

men elongate, basal segment very long, petiolate, nodose at apex ;

ventral carina simple not much raised extending about half the

length of the segment from base, beyond it near the apical margin

of segment there are two hollows or pits bounded and divided by

slender short carina.

Length ¢ 16-19mm. Exp. 28-32 mm.

Described from 7 gf examples.

40. ODONTOMUTILLA ANGULATA, Smith.

Mutilla angulata, Sm., Descr. New sp. Hym. B.M., 1879,

p 190: st

Mutilla horrida, Sm., Descr. New sp. Hym. B.M., 1879,

p: 19259:

Odontomutilla angulata, André, Zeits. Hym. Dipt., i,

1901, p. 385.

(angulata g, horrida $).

Natal 2 (W. W. Saunders Coll.; G. F. Leigh; F. N.

Brown); RHODESIA: Salisbury 5000 ft. 2 (G@. Marshall) ;

East Loangwa, Petauké 2400 ft. 2 (S. A. Neave).

I have provisionally placed a single ? from Petauké

under 0. angulata with much doubt. It is very much

larger, more massive, looking at first sight very like a

Barymutilla, but the head is not nearly so broad as the.

thorax in front, and the median segment is angulated

posteriorly. In sculpture and markings it is practically

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum. 547

identical so far as can be seen (the specimen is much

rubbed) with 2? O. angulata. However, it is quite possibly

distinct or perhaps it is the ? of the next form, 0. alienata.

41. ODONTOMUTILLA ALIENATA, form n.

NatTAL or O. R. Colony $ 1894-99 (Ff. N. Brown).

¢@. Black, the pro- and mesonotum, the upper half of the pro- and

mesopleurae, the scutellum and postscutellum red ; the head, thorax

legs and base and sides of the abdomen covered with short erect

black hairs; the abdomen with a transverse broadly interrupted

narrow pubescent white band on the apical margins of the Ist and

3rd segments ; wings fuscons, tegulae yellowish red. Head not so

broad as the thorax in front, transverse ; mandibles acuminate at apex

with a preapical blunt tooth on the inner margin, antennae stout,

Ist and 2nd joints of the flagellum short subequal, 3rd joint much

longer than the 2nd ; eyes oval, deeply emarginate, head behind

the eyes not much developed, rounded. Thorax short and broad,

truncate anteriorly ; scutellum broad flat, the lateral edges recurved,

pointed, almost dentate posteriorly ; median segment short and

sloping with very large conical lateral projections, one on each side

posteriorly ; tegulae large, their apical edges recurved; forewings

with two cubital cells and one recurrent nervure ; legs stout with a

double row of long spines on the intermediate and posterior tibiae.

Abdomen sessile, about as long as the head and thorax united, basal

segment short, its ventral carina deep, bi-indented. Head and

thorax coarsely cribrately punctured, the punctures deeper and

coarser on the mesonotum posteriorly and on the scutellum, median

segment coarsely reticulate, the reticulations very wide ; abdomen

shining, coarsely punctured except on the middle and apical

margins of the segments which are smooth and highly polished.

Length ¢ 13. Exp. 21 mm.

This form very closely resembles the ¢ of O. angulata,

Smith, from which, however, it can be distinguished by the

form of the median segment, which is much shorter than

in O. angulata, the posteriorly produced lateral angles

more massive and situated lower down; in O. anqulata

the pronotum is red only along the upper edge, in the

present form it is red throughout ; the wings in angulata

are fusco-hyaline, in alienata very much darker with a

purple effulgence.

Described from a single specimen of which the South

African locality is unfortunately doubtful.

548 Col. C. T. Bingham on South African

42. ODONTOMUTILLA RHUA, form n.

Ruopesta: Mashonaland, Salisbury ¢: Nov. 1903

(G. Marshall).

$- Head, thorax, basal and apical segments of the abdomen black,

abdominal segments 2-6 ferruginous red ; wings very dark fuscous

with a purple effulgence. Head, thorax basal and apical two

abdominal segments covered with erect black hairs, the legs and

sparse irregular apical fringes, dorsally and ventrally to the 2nd,

3rd, 4th and 5th abdominal segments with snow-white hairs. Head

narrower than the thorax in front, transverse, mandibles acute at

apex with a blunt preapical tooth on the inner edge; antennae stout,

Ist and 2nd joints of the flagellum short, the 2nd slightly the longer,

3rd and 4th subequal both much longer than the 2nd, eyes oval

deeply emarginate, head behind the eyes moderately developed, the

occiput not transverse posteriorly, bluntly angulated. Thorax short

the pronotum truncate anteriorly, the mesonotum slightly convex,

the scutellum transversely rectangular, truncate posteriorly ; median

segment short, obliquely and steeply sloped with lateral posteriorly

conical projections or teeth; forewings with two cubital cells and

one recurrent nervure ; tegulae large oval; legs moderately stout

intermediate and posterior tibiae without distinct spines. Abdomen

sessile as long as the head and thorax united, basal segment very

short, its ventral carina not much raised, dentate at base. Head

and thorax coarsely cribrately punctured ; median segment with

broad reticulations; abdomen shining more finely and sparsely

punctured.

Length g 11mm. Exp. 21 mm.

This form is unlike any Odontomutilla known to me,

and has a coloration that is common in the males of many

true Mutillas.

Described from a single example.

43. ODONTOMUTILLA ERINNYIS, Péringuey.

Mutilla erinnyis, Pér., Ann. §.A. Mus., i, 1898, p. 92 @.

RHODESIA: East Loangwa, Petauké 2400 ft. (S. A.

Neave).

44, ODONTOMUTILLA NOTATA, Lepeletur St. Fargeau.

Mutilla notata, Lepel., Hist. Nat. Hym., 11, 1845, p. 600;

André, Wytsman’s Gen. Ins. Hym., Fase. 11,1903, p. 27.

Care oF Good Hore ? (Coll. W. W. Saunders),

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum. 549

45. BARYMUTILLA PYTHIA, Smith.

Mutilla pythia, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., ili, 1855, p. 18 2.

Mutilla clelia, Pér., Ann. S.A. Mus., i, pt. 3, 1899, p. 443 9.

Mutilla cecilia, Pér., Ann. S.A. Mus., ii, pt. 5, 1901, p. 132

(note).

Barymutilla pythia, André, Zeits. Hym. Dipt., i, 1901,

p. 335 f §.

Ruopesia: East Loangwa, Petauké 2400 ft. 2 (S. A.

Neave).

46. BARYMUTILLA CEPHEUS, Smith.

Mutilla cepheus, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., ili, 1855, p. 18 9.

Larymutilla cepheus, André, Wytsman’s Gen. Ins. Hym.,

Fasc. 11, 1903, p. 32.

RuHopEsIA: East Loangwa, Petauké 2400 ft. 2 (S. A.

Neave); var., Manica, Mpudzi River 3000 ft. 2 (@. Marshall).

The variety collected by Mr. Marshall is a larger,

heavier insect, with the thorax a much brighter red, but

the pubescent markings on the abdomen are identical

with that of typical cepheus, Smith, and the shape of the

head, thorax and abdomen and the sculpture are the same.

47. BARYMUTILLA DESPICATA, form n.

RuHopEsIA: Mashonaland, Umfuli River 2: Nov. 1895

(G. Marshall), in the F. N. Brown Collection.

?. Black, the thorax dark red; head thorax and abdomen with

abundant erect black hairs ; the clypeus shaded with yellow hairs ;

the front of the scape of the antennae, the head beneath, a fringe

along the occiput, the pleurae of the thorax, the legs, the sides of

the abdomen, posterior fringes to the ventral segments 2 to 5, and

the pygidium clothed with silvery hairs; basal segment of the

abdomen above with lateral quadrate spots on its posterior margin

and a transverse band on the third segment, which is widely

interrupted in the middle, of close set white pubescence. Head,

thorax and abdomen coarsely, closely and deeply punctured, the

punctures on the head and thorax forming short irregular carinae.

Head not quite so wide as the thorax in front, transverse, produced

behind the eyes; mandibles tridentate ; antennal tubercles smooth,

antennal hollows bounded above by sharp carinae that extend on each

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART III. (JAN.) OO

550 Col. C. T. Bingham on South African

side to the lower orbits of the eyes ; antennae stout, the 2nd joint of

the flagellum a little longer than the 3rd, the 3rd and 4th subequal ;

eyes oval situated midway between the lateral angles of the occiput

and the base of the mandibles. Thorax truncate in front, the sides

nearly parallel, slightly narrowed posteriorly, bluntly tuberculate in

the middle, thorax posteriorly truncate; legs stout, posterior tibiae _

with a single row of four or five long spines. Abdomen sessile, very

massive, basal segment disciform, short, ventral carina short,

bluntly dentate in the middle, 2nd segment long beneath,

longitudinally but very shortly carinate ; pygidium convex.

Length 9 17 mm.

Described from a single example.

The females of different forms of Barymutilla are in

many cases very like each other, the markings of the

abdomen being very similar. The present form differs

from 2 B. astarte, Smith, and &. pythia, Smith, in the

unmarked 2nd abdominal segment and in the form of the

ventral carina of the Ist segment; from 4. comparata,

Smith, by the latter character, by the narrower head and

by the coarser puncturation.

48. BARYMUTILLA COMPARATA, Smith.

Mutilla comparata, Sm., Deser. New. sp. Hym. B.M., 1879,

Ds oN:

Barymutilla comparata, André, Wytsman’s Gen. Ins.

Hym., Fasc. 11, 1903, p. 32.

Nata ? (W. W. Saunders Coll.).

49, BARYMUTILLA COMPARATA, Smith, vaz. offecta, var. n.

Nava: Durban 2 (G. /. Leigh); RuopEsta: Mashona-

land, Salisbury 5000 ft. 9: Dec. 1902 (G@. Marshall).

The example from Salisbury is marked as the type of

the following description —

?. In form and sculpture identical with B. comparata, Smith,

differs only in that the 2nd abdominal segment is not unmarked

but bears two parallel round pubescent white spots on its apical

margin, one on each side of the middle, from each of which a short

very slender line of similar pubescence extends outwards.

Length ? 12-14 mm.

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Musewm. 551

Family SCOLIIDAE.

1. Scotia (DiscoLta) cyanea, Lepeletier.

Scolia cyanea, Lepel., Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., ii, 1845, p.

525 ¢; Burm., Abh. naturf. Ges. Halle., 1, pt. 4, 1853,

p. 38 2 ¢; Bingh. A.MIN.H. (7), ix, 1902; pird4s.

Scolia (Discolia) cyanea, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec.

Gen. Scol., 1864, p. 81 9 2.

Nata ¢ 2 (Coll. W. W. Saunders); Durban f (G. F.

Leigh).

2. Scotia (DISCOLIA) MELANARIA, Burmeister.

Scolia melanaria, Burm., Abh. naturf. Ges. Halle., i, pt. 4,

1853, p. 38 $; Gerst. Peters Reise n. Mozamb., Zool., v,

1862, p. 494 9 g; Bingh., A.M.N.H. (7), ix, 1902,

p. 344.

Scolia (Discolia) melanaria, Sauss. and Sich., Spee. Gen.

Scol., 1864, p. 82 2 2.

Discolia ruficornis, var. melanaria, Grib., Mem. Acad. Sci.

Bolog. (8), iv, 1896, p. 47.

GABOON 2, Nata f (Coll. W. W. Saunders) ; RHODESIA :

East Loangwa, Petauké 2400 feet 2 ¢ (S. A. Neave).

3. SCOLIA (DISCOLIA) RUFICORNIS, Fabricius.

Scolia ruficornis, Fabr., Ent. Syst., u, 1793, p. 280; Gerst.

v. d. Deck, Reise in Ost. Afr., 1878, p. 334 2 @;

Bingh. A.M.N.H. (7), ix, 1902, p. 244. Scolia

(Discolia) ruficornis, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

Scol., 1864, p. 85 2 f.

Without locality, but probably Naran ¢ (Coll W. W.

Saunders) ; RHODESIA: East Loangwa, Petauké 2400 ft. ¢

(S. A. Neave).

One pair f and 2 from the Saunders collection have the

flagellum of the antennae (except the basal joint) bright

yellow, not red, and the ¢ of this pair has the front of the

head dusky red. It is quite possibly distinct, but then

they are both without locality.

4. SCOLIA (DISCOLIA) TERMINALIS, Saussure.

Scolia (Discolia) terminalis, Sauss., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (3),

vi, 1858, p. 207 2 $3; id. and Sich., Spec. Gen. Scol.,

1864, p. 95.

002

552 Col. C. T. Bingham on South African

CarE OF Goop Horr # (Coll. W. W. Saunders) ;

RuopeEsiA: Hill near Fort James 4-5000 ft. 2 (S. A.

Neave).

Bears a very close resemblance to the Oriental Liacos

(Triliacos) analis, Fabr., but is a true Scolia with only one

discoidal cell.

5. Scotia (DISCOLIA) SENEX, Smith.

Scolia senex, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., iii, 1855, p. 94 f%.

Scolia (Discolia) senex, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

Scol., 1864, p. 98 2 &

Cape OF Goop Hope Z (Coll. W. W. Saunders); NATAL:

Estcourt 2? (G. Marshall).

A single # specimen which I believe to be the type, as

the insect was originally described from the Saunders

collection and there is no other # specimen of the form in

the collection of the British Museum that dates back to

Smith’s day.

6. Scotia (DIScOLIA) CHRYSOTRICHA, Burmeister.

Scolia chrysotricha, Burm., Abh. naturf. Ges. Halle., i, pt. 4,

1853, p. 82.9; Bingh., A.M_N.H. (7), ix, 1902, p. 3405:

Scolia (Discolia) chrysotricha, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec.

Gen. Scol., 1864, p. 98 2 p.

Without locality, but probably Nata f 2 (Coll. W. W.

Saunders). One specimen,a 2, has the wings particularly

dark, almost fuscous, the yellow confined to a very narrow

strip along the basal two-thirds of the costa of the fore-

wing.

7. Scotia (DIscoLiaA), DIsPAR, Klug.

Scolia dispar, Klug, Symb. Phys., Dec. 3, 1832, Ins., pl. 26,

fig. 1 9, fig. 2 $; Burtn., Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle., i,

pt. 4, 1853,"p. 34 2 ¢; Bingh., A.M.N.H. (7), ix, 1902,

p. 345.

Scolia (Discolia) dispar, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

Scol., 1864, p. 76 2 &.

Scolia lateralis, Klug, Symb. Phys., Dec. 3, 1832. Ins.,

pl. 26, fig. 3 9, fig. 4 ¢, var.

ARABIA ¢ ¢ and var. lateralis DONGOLA f 2 (Coll. W. W.

Saunders).

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Musewm. 553

8. ScoLIA (DISCOLIA) ALARIS, Saussure.

Scolia alaris, Sauss., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (3), vi, 1858,

p. 203, 2 $; Bingh., A.M.N.H. (7), ix, 1902, p. 344.

Scolia (Discolia) alaris, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

Scol., 1864, figs. 97 and 282 9 &.

Without locality, but probably NATAL; f not typical

(Coll. W. W. Saunders).

9. ScoLIA (DISCOLIA) MICROMELAS, Sichel.

Scolia (Discolia) micromelas, Sich., Sauss. and Sich ; Cat.

Spec. Gen. Scol., 1864, p. 82 2.

RuHopEsIA: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. t (G. Mar-

shall); East Loangwa, Mbala country (S. A. Neave).

10. ScoL1A (DISCOLIA) MEGAERA, Saussure.

Lacosi megaera, Sauss., Stett. Ent. Zeit., xx, 1859, p. 180 9.

Scolia (Discolia) megaera, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

Scol., 1884, p. 90 9.

NATAL 2 (Coll. W. W. Saunders) ; near Durban 2 (G4. F.

Leigh).

The specimen from the Saunders collection is in bad

condition, and I am doubtful whether I have identified it

correctly.

11. Sconta (DIScoLiA), MERIDIONALIS, Saussure.

Lacosi meridionalis, Sauss., Stett. Ent. Zeit., xx, 1859,

p. 182 .

Scolia (Discolia) meridionalis, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec.

Gen. Scol., 1864, p. 92 9.

Nata: S. of Durban f (G4. F. Leigh).

The specimen, which I identify as the ~ of the above

form, differs from Saussure’s description of the ? as follows.

Head black, not obscure rufo-ferruginous, the emargination

of the eyes in front and a line behind them reddish ferru-

ginous, the sides and apical margin of the clypeus also

similarly stained. Otherwise in sculpture and pubescence

it is identical with meridionalis as described by Saussure.

—

Col. C. ao on Soutn African

12. Liacos (TRILIACOS) NIGRITA, Fabricius.

Scolia nigrita, Fabr., Spec. Ins., 1, 1781, p. 452 9.

Scolia (Liacos) nigrita, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., iti, 1855,

p. 114 2.

Liacos (Triliacos) nigrita, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

Scol., 1864, p. 35 2 2g.

Tiacos nigrita, Sauss., Grandid. Hist. Madagasc., xx, pt. 1,

1892, p. 227, pl. 5, figs. 11 and 12 9 ¢.

Nata 2 (Coll. W. W. Saunders); RHODESIA: Melsetter,

Gazaland g (@. Marshall), Natal f (G. F. Leigh).

13. Enis (DIELIS) DIMIDIATIPENNIS, Saussure.

Elis dimidiatipennis, Sauss., Mem. Soc. Phys. and Hist.

nat. Geneve, xiv, pt. 1, 1854 (Mel. Hym.), p. 64 9.

Scolia fenestrata, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., i, 1855, p. 104 9.

Filis (Dielis) dimidiatipennis, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec.

Gen. Scol., 1864, p. 168.

Ruopesta: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. (4.

Marshall).

14. Eis (DIELIsS) SIGNATA, Smith.

Scolia signata, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., in, 1855, p. 105 9.

Elis (Dielis) signata, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Sp. Gen. Scol.,

1864, p. 176 9.

<HODESIA: Kast Loangwa, Petauké 2400 ft. 2 2 6 g

(S. A. Newve); also 1 #1 9 from other Rhodesian localities

and 2 f.1 2 Salisbury (@. Marshall). The author’s name

is on a f from Salisbury (1895), which is regarded as the

type of the following description.

The 2, which has not before been described closely,

resembles the 9, but the head and thorax are densely

clothed with short hoary yellowish pubescence that hides

the sculpture, the wings are hyaline with only the very

faintest tinge of yellow, and the transverse yellow bands

on the segments of the abdomen above are very broad and

deeply excavated on each side. In the ? these bands are

only slightly laterally excavate.

15. Evis (Dretts) CoLuLARis, Fabricius.

Tiphia collaris, Fabr., Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 354.

Scolia thoracica, Fabr., Mant. Ins., i, 1787, p. 281 (nec.

Tiphia thoracica, Fabr., Ent. Syst., Suppl., 1798, p. 254).

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum. 555

Scolia senilis, Fabr., Ent. Syst., 11, 1793, p. 237.

Scolia hirticollis, Fabr., Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 243.

Scolia vestita, Klug, Symb. Phys., 1832, Ins,, pl. 27, fig. 6 2.

Scolia discolor, Klug, l.c., Ins., pl. 27, fig. 7.

Campsomeris ruficollis, Lepel., Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., in,

1845, p. 500.

Elis canesceus, Sauss., Mem. Soc. Phys. and Hist. Nat.

Geneve, xiv, pt. 1, 1854 (Mel. Hym. i), p. 55.

Elis (Dielis) collaris, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

Scol., 1864, pp. 163 and 295 2 @.

Eayert 2 (Coll. W. W. Saunders).

16. Ents (DIELIS) ALBICOLLIS, Christ.

Sphea albicollis, Christ, Naturg. d. Ins., 1791, p. 260, pl. 26,

fies 1 9.

Sphex flavirons, Christ, /. c., p. 261, pl. 26, fig. 3 2.

Tiphia thoracica, Fabr., Ent. Syst., Suppl., 1798, p. 254.

Campsomeris aureicollis, Lepel., Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., ii,

1845, p. 499.

Scolia eriophora, Klug, Symb. Phys., 1832, pl. 27, fig. 5 %.

Elis (Dielis) coelebs, Sichel, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec.

Gen. Scol., 1864, p. 184.

Elis (Dielis) thoracica, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

- Scol., 1864, p. 188.

Elis thoracica var. coelebs, Sauss., Grandidier’s Hist. Mada-

gase., xx, pt. 1, 1892, p. 223.

Scolia abicollis, Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., viii, 1897, p. 145.

lis albicollis, Bingh., A.M.N.H. (7), ix, 1902, p. 346.

Nata 2 ¢ (Coll. W. W. Saunders); RHopESIA: Salis-

bury 5000 tt. 2 (@. Marshall); East Loangwa, Petauké

4500 ft. 2 ¢ (S. A. Neave).

A very puzzling form of which £. eriophora, Klug, is

said by Dalla Torre to be the %.

17. Evis (DIELIS) XANTHURA, Saussure.

Elis (Campsomeris) xanthura, Sauss., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

1858, p. 225 9.

Elis (Dielis) xanthuwra, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

Scol., 1864, p. 169 9.

RHODESIA: East Loangwa 2500 ft. Petauké 2 (S. A.

Neave).

556 Col. C. T. Bingham on Scuth African

18. Ents (DIELIS) FASCIATELLA, Klug.

Scolia fasciatella, Klug, Symb. Phys., 1832, Ins., pl. 27,

fig. 8 J; Smith, Cat. Hym. B.M., i, 1855, p. 103.

Elis (Dielis) fasciatella, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

Scol., 1864, p. 170.

RuHopESIA: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. ¢ (G@.

Marshall); East Loangwa, Petauké 2400 ft. f¢ (S. A.

Neave).

The 2 of this form is still unknown. It may, however,

be Elis (Dielis) aureola, Klug, and the males may be

dimorphic.

19. Eis (DIELIS) GODEFREDI, Sichel.

Elis (Campsomeris) godefredi, Sich., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

1858, p. 227 g.

Elis (Dielis) godefredi, Sauss. and Sich,, Cat. Spec. Gen.

Scol., 1864, p. 177 3.

Nata ~ (G. F. Leigh); RuopeEsta: Mashonaland,

Salisbury 5000 ft. f (G. Marshall); East Loangwa, Petauké

2400 ft. $ (S. A. Neave).

20. Enis (DIELIS) LACHESIS, Saussure.

Elis (Campsomeris) lachesis, Sauss., Stett. Ent. Zeit. xx,

1859, p. 262 9. .

Elis (Dielis) lachesis, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

Seal (8640p. 1S2. pl, 27 ies Lone

Nata 2 (G. Marshall); RuopEsta: Mashonaland,

Salisbury 5000 ft. ¢ (G@. Marshall); East Loangwa,

Petauké 4500 ft. 2; and Melsetter, Gazaland 2 (S. A.

Neave).

The ¢ which I believe to be the ¢ of this form very

closely resembles the ¢ of Z. albicollis, but it is a smaller

slighter insect with the head and thorax more sparsely

pubescent, and the apical margin of the Ist as well as

those of the 2nd to 5th abdominal segments with a

transverse reddish yellow band.

21. Evis (DIELIS) CLOTHO, Saussure.

Elis (Campsomeris) clotho, Sauss., Stett. Ent. Zeit., xx,

1859, p. 263 9.

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum. 557

Elis (Dielis) clotho, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Gen. Spec. Scol.,

1864, p. 182 9.

NataL: Durban ¢: Jan. 18, 1906 (G. F. Leigh);

RuwopEsiIA: Mashonaland, Salisbury 2 (G@. Marshull) ;

Melsetter, Gazaland 2 (S. A. Neave).

It is with considerable hesitation that I assign the

single { specimen from Durban in Natal to the above

form. If it is not the ¢ of £. clotho, but previously un-

described, it may stand as Z. leighi mihi.

¢. Black with an iridescent blue sheen on the abdomen; head,

thorax and abdomen covered all over with a more or less sparsely

set clothing of soft erect cinereous hairs, tibial calcaria of the

posterior pair of legs white, anal spines black ; the base of the

mandibles, upwardly convergent short stripes on the sides of the

clypeus, the posterior margin of the pronotum, lateral transverse

short lines one on each side on the scutellum, a medial short similar

line on the postscutellum, and the apical margins of the 2nd, 3rd

and 4th abdominal segments pale dull yellow ; of the last-mentioned

markings that on the 2nd segment is deeply, on the 3rd slightly

emarginate laterally, the marking on the 4th segment is a simple

transverse even band. Head, pro- and mesonotum, scutellum,

postscutellum and abdomen above with sparsely scattered fine and

very shallow punctures ; median segment regularly and more closely

punctured above, smooth and impunctate on its posterior face.

Head flat, not as broad as the thorax ; mandibles acute at apex,

clypeus strongly convex, face in front raised, tuberculous between

the antennae ; these latter filiform opaque, eyes deeply emarginate

above on their inner margins, ocelli prominent. Thorax oval;

median segment truncate and concave posteriorly ; wings fusco-

hyaline with a bronzy, in some lights a purplish effulgence, forewing

with two cubital cells and two recurrent nervures, legs slender

unarmed. Abdomen: elongate slender, basal segment subpetiolate,

nodose towards apex, a strong constriction between it and the 2nd

segment, both above and below.

Length ¢ 17. Exp. 28 mm.

The above-described ~# resembles more or less the

males of /. villosa, fasciatella and godefredi, but can be

distinguished from these three forms by the paucity and

narrowness of the yellow markings on the abdomen, by

the darker colour of the wings, and by the shape of the

median segment which has its posterior face much more

deeply concave.

(0)

Col. C. _—r on South African

22. Eis (DIELIS) FASCIATIPENNIS, Smith.

Scolia fasciatipennis, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., 1, 1855, p.

103 @ f.

Elis (Dielis) fasciatipennis, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

Scol., 1864, p. 169 2 f; Kirby, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1889,

p. 448 9 2.

Ruopesta: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. 2 (G4.

Marshall).

23. Enis (DIELIS) AUREOLA, Klug.

Scolia aureola, Klug, Symb. Phys., 1832, pl. 27, fig. 11 .

Colpa dimidiata, Lepel., Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., ii, 1845,

p. 549 9.

Elis (Dielis) aureola, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen. Scol.,

1864, p. 173 9.

NaTAL: Durban 2 (G. F. Leigh); RHODESIA: East

Loangwa, Petauké 4500 ft. 2 (S. A. Neave).

24. Enis (DIELIS) FELINA, Saussure.

Elis (Campsomeris) felina, Sauss., Stett. Ent. Zeit., xx,

1859, p. 265 § 2.

Elis (Dielis) felina, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spee. Gen. Scol.,

1864, p. 175 2 &.

Natat: Durban 2? (G4. &. Leigh); Ruopesta: Mashona-

land, Salisbury 5000 ft. ¢ (G. Marshall).

Saussure, when describing /. felina, remarked that it was

possibly a variety only of H. awreola, Klug. This I think

very likely, the only structural differences between lis

aureola and Hlis felina are that the former insect has

the head above highly polished, smooth and shining, the

thorax above also smooth with only one or two punctures ;

Elis felina, on the contrary, has the head and thorax above

closely punctured, dull and opaque. ‘The males assigned

by me to the latter form agree very closely with Saussure’s

brief description.

25. Eis (DIELIS) QUINQUEFASCIATA, Fabricius.

Scolia quinquefasciata, Fabr., Spec. Ins., 1, 1781, p. 453.

Elis (Dielis) quinquefasciata, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec.

Gen. Scol., 1864, p. 177 2.

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum. 559

RuHopeEsiA: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. ¢ (G4.

Marshall) ; East Loangwa, Petauké 2400 ft. (S. A. Neave).

The males of two forms, probably new, are also con-

tained in the collection; but as they are represented each

by only one specimen, and these not in the best condition,

I have failed to identify them and do not like to describe

them as new.

26. Enis (TRIELIS) PARDALINA, Gerstaeker.

Scolia pardalina, Gerst., Monats. Acad. Berlin, Nov. 1857 ;

id. Mém. Acad. Berl., 1858, p. 495, pl. 31, fig. 11 %.

Elis (Trielis) pardalina, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen.

Scol., 1864, p. 148 2.

Port EREL* 2 (Coll. W. W. Saunders). ZAMBEZI f

(S. A. Neave).

The 9, of which there is a single specimen only, very

closely resembles Elis (Dielis) clotho, Sauss., but the wings

are hyaline with a fuscous subapical cloud on the fore-

wing, and that wing has also three cubital cells and two

recurrent nervures.

27. MYZINE RUFONIGRA, form n.

RHODESIA: Bulawayo: Sept. 9, 1905 (F. A. Dizey).

¢. Dull black, covered with long, soft, somewhat woolly, white

hairs which are most dense on the front of the head and on the

thorax posteriorly ; the mandibles, clypeus, a spot above the base

of the antennae, transverse medially interrupted narrow bands on

the anterior and posterior margins of the pronotum, the tegulae,

the tibiae and tarsi above, the femora beneath, and transverse narrow

bands on the 3rd-6th abdominal segments above pale somewhat

greenish yellow ; the yellow on the tibiae and tarsi of the anterior

and intermediate legs is continued on the underside and the trans-

verse yellow bands on the abdominal segments are each anteriorly

emarginate laterally; basal two abdominal segments blood red.

Wings hyaline. Head, thorax and abdomen minutely and some-

what sparsely punctured, the median segment posteriorly, and the

* “Port Erel” was Col. Bingham’s reading of W. W. Saunders’

handwriting on the label. It seems to me more like * Port Wel,”

a possible contraction of “Port Welcome”; but my friend Prof,

A. J. Herbertson has not been able to find that either is known to

geographical science.—E. B, P.

560 Col. C. T. Bingham on South African

basal abdominal segment above smooth, polished and shining, anal

up-curved spine black and shining.

Length ¢ 14. Exp. 20 mm.

Described from a single example.

Family POMPILIDAE.

1. PoMPILUS VIATICUS, Linn., VAR. NIGRIPENNIS, Tournier.

Sphex viatica, Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 570;

Fabr., Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 349.

Pompilus viaticus, Fabr., Ent. Syst., Suppl., 1798, p. 246,

et Auct.

Pompilus viaticus, var. nigripennis, Tournier, |)’ Entom-

ologiste Génevois, 1889, p. 198.

RHODESIA: Loangwa 1700 ft. 2 (S. A. Neave).

This form of the common P. viaticus, Linn., seems to

be more or less widely spread in Africa. Tournier records

it from Tangier and Morocco, and there is a ¢ in the

collection of the British Museum from West Africa.

2. POMPILUS NATALICOLUS, Dalla Torre.

Pompilus natalicolus, Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., viii, 1897,

p. 304.

Pompilus fervidus, Smith, Descr. New sp. Hym. B.M.,

1879, p. 145 (nec. Smith, 1873).

Nata: Estcourt 4000-5000 ft. 2 (G. Marshall).

3. POMPILUS FESTIVUS, Klug.

Pompilus festivus, Klug, Symb. Phys., 1834, pl. 38, fig. 8 g.

NaTaL: Estcourt 4000-5000 ft. ¢ 2 (G. Marshall) ;

RuHopEsIA: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. ¢ (4

Marshall).

Described first from Arabia.

4. POMPILUS JACENS, form n.

RuopEsIA: Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft.; Oct. 1899

(G. Marshall).

Q. Black; the palpi, mandibles, labrum, clypeus, sides of the

face, a line along the inner and outer orbits meeting on the vertex,

the antennae, the sides of the mesonotum broadly, the tegulae, the

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Oxford Museum. 561

apices of the coxae, the trochanters, femora, tibiae, and tarsi orange

red, a broad transverse yellow band on the posterior margin of the

pronotum spreading on to the anterior margin of the mesonotum

in the middle, an elongate stain on the posterior tibiae and the

anterior and intermediate tarsi also more or less washed with pale

yellow, apical segment of abdomen above white; wings hyaline

forewing fuscous at apex, veins testaceous. Head as broad as the

thorax convex in front remarkably flat posteriorly, in appearance

like the half of a pea; mandibles bidentate at apex, labrum tri-

angular, clypeus anteriorly arched, raised in the middle by a strong

transverse carina, that has a sharp vertical carina impinging on

it in the middle, the latter carina is continued upwards between

the base of the antennae to the forehead ; ocelli in a triangle on

the vertex, antennae comparatively short, robust, moniliform, eyes

large, their inner margins parallel. Thorax very long, a third as

long again as the abdomen ; pronotum rounded anteriorly and at

the shoulder, its posterior margin arched ; mesonotum very slightly

convex, scutellum elongate triangular and laterally strongly com-

pressed, median segment evenly rounded posteriorly and obliquely

sloped, a broad very ill-detined longitudinal furrow to apex ; wings :

forewing the radial cell large pointed at apex, the medial and

submedial cells of the same length, the basal and 1st transverse

subbasal nervures therefore interstitial, lst cubital cell about as

long as the 2nd and 3rd united, 2nd cubital cell quadrate receiving

the Ist recurrent nervure about three-fourths of its length from

base, 3rd cubital cell trapezoidal, measured along the cubital

nervure below it is about twice the width it is at top; hindwing

the cubital nervure originates before the apex of the submedial

or anal cell, the cubital nervure at origin therefore not interstitial

with the transverse anal nervure. Legs short, stout, cylindrical,

spines large and stout, intermediate inner tibial calcar four-fifths,

posterior inner tibial calcar three-fourths as long as their respective

metatarsi, claws of fore tarsi bifid, of intermediate and posterior

tarsi toothed beneath. Abdomen short and stout. Head, thorax

and abdomen dull and opaque covered somewhat sparsely with

short erect pale hairs, these are white and silvery at the apex of

the median segment and are there longer and denser.

Length 9 9. Exp. 21 mm.

Described from a single example.

5. POMPILUS VINDICATUS, Smith.

Pad

Pompilus vindicatus, Sm., Cat. Hym. B.M., in, 1855,

p, 142. §.

562. Col. C. T. Bingham on Aculeate Hymenoptera.

Navan, 2 oe W. W. Saunders); RHODESIA:

Mashonaland, Salisbury 5000 ft. 2 (G. Marshall).

6. POMPILUS IRIDIPENNIS, Smith.

Pompilus iridipennis, Sm., Desc. New sp. Hym., 1879,

p. 144 9.

NataL 2 2 (Coll. W. W. Saunders).

This form, which is not to be confounded with Pompilus

(recte Salius) widipennis, Smith (Jour. Linn. Soc., 1858,

p. 98), is very closely allied to P. vindicatus, Smith, differ-

ing from it in the broader and longer median segment

which is also more rounded above. In P. vindicatus, the

median segment is laterally compressed so as to form a

slight longitudinal hollow on each side above.

( 563 )

XXIV. A Contribution to the Life History of Hesperia

sidae, Hsp. By Harotp Powe 1, F.E.S.

[Read May 3rd, 1911.]

PuaTeE XLVII.

THIS is a very local skipper, and is never abundant even

where it occurs. It is found in moist parts (not marshy)

of certain valleys in S.E. France as well as in Italy,

eastern Europe, and Asia. I have come across it in

several places in the Dept. Var, both on limestone and

schistous ground.

In the commune of Hyeres it occurs in the Vallon

de la Moniere, where it is very scarce now, and in the

valley of the Plan du Pont, where it is more abundant,

though in the height of its season a bag of ten or fifteen

Specimens in one day is a very good one. In the Hyeres

district it flies from the end of April to about the 20th

of May.

For many years I had been hoping to find out some-

thing about its life history, which, I believe, is so far

unknown, but it was not until 1909 that I got an oppor-

tunity to spend some time in its locality at a time when

the imagines were flying.

On May 5 of that year I went over the hills to the

Plan du Pont valley with the intention of getting the

egg and discovering the food-plant if possible. On this

day I found sidae well out, nine of the eleven specimens

taken being quite fresh, one ¢ and one $ having their

wings still weak and hardly dry. It is decidedly local in

its habit, keeping pretty closely to certain parts of the

valley, and never straying to the hillsides enclosing it.

As the family Rosaceae furnishes food-plants for most

of the species of the genus, I first looked round to see

what Rosaceous plants were growing in sidae’s special

haunts.

Two species of Rubus were common, also Poteriwm

sanguisorba and, more locally, Potentilla hirta, L. I saw

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART III. (JAN.)

564 Mr. Harold Powell on the

Tlesperia sao ovipositing freely on the flower heads of

Poterium, but, although I watched three $2 of H. sidae

for as long as it was possible to keep them in sight,

they made no attempt to lay eggs. They were probably

too fresh and had perhaps not mated.

Their flight is very rapid and erratic, and they were

easily lost sight of. One may be seen coming up the

path between the narrow strips of prairie, in its rapid,

jerky way, and it may perhaps settle, but when approached

it is off again with a whirr of wings distinctly heard, and

is quickly lost in one of its long zigzags. If one stays in

the same place it will very probably be seen returning after

a while, for sixdae does not wander far from its “run.”

However, if I did not see the skipper in the act of

egg-laying on that day, I got as far as the fact that it

only flew where the Potentilla hirta grew, and that

plant, as I have already said, was local, though it grew

abundantly enough in patches. I found only two or

three plants in flower, though it was evident that in a

day or two it would be flowering generally.

I did not return to the valley until May 14. In the

meantime the weather had been mostly fine and warm,

but the 10th, 12th, and 13th were wet. The Potentilla

was then flowering well, and there were as many sidae

about as on the previous occasion. I again took two

freshly emerged specimens, but most showed signs of

wear. I recognised a crippled specimen which I had

seen on May 5. Although the yellow bands of the

hindwings beneath had faded, its fringes and general

appearance above were still good.

Soon after reaching the ground, I saw a 2 seemingly

feeding on a Potentilla flower, but she went off at once

across the stream. I kept her in sight, and she soon

returned to the Potentilla patch, settling on a flower

on which I supposed she meant to feed, but I saw her,

with wings still open, curve her abdomen until the

extremity touched the flower. She kept it there for

a few seconds and then flew off again. Picking the

flower, I found an egg amongst the stigmata, nearly in

the centre. I saw another egg laid in the same way,

and then I lost sight of the 9. Having got so far, the

rest was easy. I set to work to examine the flowers,

and soon found a number of eggs, On three occasions

I found two eggs on one flower, but the usual habit

Life History of Hesperia sidac, Esp. 565

seems to be one egg only; and at any rate not more

than one egg is laid at a “sitting.”

Some of the flowers were over, the petals had fallen

and the calices had closed up over the centres. On

pulling these open I often found eggs inside. Most of

the flowers were overrun with small beetles of several

kinds and Thrips species, but these did not seem to

interfere with the eggs.

A little after 2 p.m. I saw another ? sidae busy on an

isolated patch of Potentilla. She left when I came near,

and, on carefully examining the flowers of this patch, I

found no eggs, with the exception of two on a head

closed up by the calyx. These had evidently been laid

before her time by some earlier 2. However, whilst I

was still searching, she returned, and I had the satisfaction

of seeing her settle on the stem of a plant and lay an

egg on the underside of a leaf nearly half-way between

the flower head and the ground. This particular 2 had

no doubt laid most (if not all) her eggs in this way,

which would account for my finding none on the expanded

flowers of the patch.

The flower seems to be preferred as a resting-place for

the egg. I found forty-five laid on the stigmata, one on the

underside of a leaf, and, on examining a stock of plants

I brought home, two more were found on the calyces of

unopened flowers. Males are generally to be met with

along a rather wide path running down the valley in

which the Potentiula hirta grows. They apparently divide

this path into sections, each male keeping pretty much to

his section, up and down which he flies, or rests with

expanded wings on a bush or flower on the narrow strips

of prairie bordering the path.

Should another male venture upon his section he will

attack him, and a very rapid chase follows, It is almost

impossible to keep the skippers in sight during such a

chase.

He will also attack any other skipper that may come

by, or almost any fast flying butterfly, in fact, but in these

cases the chase is soon abandoned.

The pursuit of a 2 of his species is equally rapid, and

may take him further away. The 2 2 are more often

seen in the fields overgrown with wild stuff than on the

path.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART III], (JAN.) PP

566 Mr. Harold Powell on the

OvuM :

Shape.—Squat, greatest horizontal diameter at a point nearer

the base than the top. The base is broad, rounded off, and with

a shallow central depression. The upper portion of a flattened

dome shape; micropylar cup fairly broad but not very deep.

Height, °7 mm.; greatest width, 6 mm.

Sculpturing.—About 21 main ribs start from near the base and

run up rather irregularly towards the rim of the micropylar cup,

but sometimes two will join together on the way up, so that fewer

reach the rim than left the base. Some do not go beyond the

junction. These ribs sink and disappear before the base is reached.

Base fairly smooth. Between the main ribs are the usual smaller

transverse ribs, forming oblong, irregular cells. They also diniinish

in height towards the base. In the centre of the micropylar cup is

a rosette of very small cells, which appears to be slightly raised.

The ribs are not sharp-edged, and though very distinct, are not high.

Colour and Surface Appearance.—When first laid they are almost

pure white. The next day they are very pale creamy white and

pearly. Some found which had certainly been laid several days

before, did not differ much from egys just laid. On May 17th I

found that all the eggs had turned a pale orange yellow, and that

those on the flowers were more difficult to see in consequence. They

were generally well sprinkled with pollen.

On May 19th the orange-yellow colour was rather deeper. The

colour did not deepen after this, but about a day before hatching

the black head of the larva, showing through the eggshell, formed a

large, dark leaden patch at the top.

An egg which I saw laid on May 14, hatched between

the afternoon of May 22 and the morning of the 28rd.

Most of the other eggs hatched on the 23rd, which makes

it probable that few of them could have been very long

laid when I found them on the 14th.

The larva eats a large circular piece out of the top of

the egg, but after emerging it does not finish up the egg-

shell. It is active and restless, spinning silk as it moves

about. One under observation has settled down on a

division of one of the upper leaves, and is drawing the

edges together with silk. The green tinge of the body of

another specimen shows that it has already fed.

First stage-—The colour of the body is straw yellow before the

young larva has taken its first food. I made some notes on May

30th on a specimen which was then resting for the first moult. They

are as follows :—

Life History of Hesperia sidae, Esp. 567

Length: 35 mm. Head, heart-shaped, rather flat in front, shiny

black. Plate on prothorax rather long and narrow, dark brown.

Colour of body, dull yellowish brown. The dorsum is much

wrinkled by subsegmentation. It has a faint stripe down the

centre, darker than the ground colour, and with a more shiny

surface than the rest of the body. There are no other lines or

markings visible to the naked eye, but the microscope shows a good

deal of mottling arranged roughly in lines, and somewhat similar,

though weaker, to that seen in some Noctuid larvae (Catocalids, for

instance). The skin is shiny. It is rather thickly covered with

small, dirty whitish blotches, too numerous to be all primary

tubercles, though these are similar in appearance. The hairs (rather

long, whitish to the naked eye, colourless under microscope) grow

from the primary tubercles. They are curved forward on head and

on the prothorax, and are plain. On the abdominal segments they

are bifid, forming a Y. One hair only, to each tubercle.

Second Stage-—The same larva was resting for the second moult

on June 7th, and I then made the following notes :—Length :

55 mm. Head entirely black. It is still heart-shaped, particularly

with regard to the upper part, the lobes being well divided at the

top of the head. It is pitted, and at the same time covered with

shallow, irregular, wrinkled cells. It bears numerous short, whitish-

brown hairs, and a few longer ones above the mouth parts and

around the ocelli. The head is rather small in proportion to the

body, which is plump and has much the shape of that of the larva

of Carcharodus alceae, tapering rather abruptly towards the anal

extremity. Prothoracic plate, black, resembling two short strips of

black court plaster, one strip on each side of the dorsal centre, with

small suffused break between. Theneckisslender. Colour of body

pale brownish. There is a distinct dorsal line of a darker brown

colour, and outside that a considerable amount of brownish mottling,

darker than the ground colour, and arranged in irregular longitudinal

lines. The tubercles are small, dull white pimples, most of them

bearing a single, rather short hair very slightly tinted brown. The

hairs are more numerous, but proportionately shorter than in the

first stage, and are no longer forked but spatulate, gradually in-

creasing in width from the base upwards, the increase being more

rapid towards the free extremity, which is cut off level or sometimes

slightly split down the centre. The long hairs on the head are

tapering, not spatulate. Those on the sides of the body are less

frequently spatulate, particularly the longer hairs, which are curved

backwards. The lateral area has also considerable brownish

mottling.

The true legs are black. By transparence they are greyish black.

PPr2

568 Mygglfarolc Powell on the

The spiracles are pale brownish discs set in slight depressions sur'-

rounded by wrinkles. The segmental incisions are well marked.

When active in this stage, that is to say after feeding has commenced

and before the preparation for the second moult has suspended

activity, the larva has a greyish-green tinge due to the presence of

food in the alimentary organ. At other times the larva to the

naked eye is of a pale coffee-brown colour. ‘The microscope breaks

this up into paler, semi-transparent ground colour, and darker

mottlings, and shows the dull white tubercles. The larva still feeds

on the cuticle, not attacking the entire leaf substance. It draws

together the edges of the leaf division in which it lives.

On June 9 I left Hyeres for the Aisne Department,

taking with me three larvae ina glass tube, two being in the

2nd stage and one in the 38rd. Whilst away from Hyeres

I fed these larvae on a common Potentil/a, forming close

growing patches on sandy soil. It had a slightly hairy

leaf. They took to it without any hesitation. (At

Samoussy I noticed H. carthami frequenting patches of

this Potentilla. )

Progress was very slow. On my return on July 1 the

larvae were still in the same stages, though they had

grown considerably. In changing their food I removed

them each time from the tents they made with the leaves,

and after cleaning the tubes replaced them with some

fresh leaves. Kach one set to work at once to spin upa

new tent, drawing together the edges of a division, or

uniting two divisions to form a fairly roomy living-place.

When moving, the larva spins silk continually. I believe

it to have an aestivating habit. In captivity in a tube,

where conditions were always moist, the torpid state was

never fully developed, but progress became slow, and little

eating was done. ‘The larvae nibbled bits out of the edges

of the leaves of their tents.

I had left the rest of the sidae larvae at Hyeres on

growing plants of Potentilla hirta covered with muslin.

Soon after leaving the eggs, those from ova laid in the

flowers went down to the leaves. Here they progressed

until the 3rd stage was reached in some cases, others

not going farther than the 2nd stage. About that time

the plants dried up from want of water. When I returned

to Hyeres the plants were dry and brittle, and I was quite

prepared to find the larvae dead. However, on opening up

the dried leaf divisions, I found them looking comfortable

Life History of Hesperia sidae, Esp. 569

enough and quite lively, inside. They resented being

disturbed, and sought to get back into their cylinders of

leaf as quickly as possible. Evidently they were lying

up and had not eaten for a long time. They were shorter

and plumper than those I had with me, and of a lighter,

ruddier colour. Had they felt the need of food it is

probable that they would have wandered away, or have

gone down to the bases of the plants where a few fresh

shoots were showing. The norma! atmospheric conditions

in the Hyeres district are dry and hot after May 15, and

it is usual for most herbaceous plants to dry up partially

or totally during the summer, sending out in some cases

fresh leaves after the September rains.

Larvae living upon them, that do not feed up rapidly,

must therefore fast or be satisfied with tough or dried

leaves. The sidae larvae are quite capable of doing without

food for long periods in summer, and I think it likely that

they really aestivate under normal conditions.

This is a description (July 7) of a fasting larva in the

3rd stage :—

EXAMINED WITH HAND LENs.

Short and plump. It contracts to less than 5 mm. in length.

Head entirely black, appears rather more rounded than in preced-

ing stages, and less heart-shaped. It is thickly sprinkled with light-

coloured, rather stiff-looking shortish hairs. Anal end of body

tapering abruptly. “Neck” rather darker than the rest of the

body. Prothoracie plate brownish black. Body light reddish-

brown. There is a tendency to semi-transparence. Central dorsal

line dark red-brown, narrow but distinct. Several somewhat in-

distinct subdorsal and lateral lines of the same colour, irregular and

rather wavy. Ventral surface and prolegs light reddish-brown.

EXAMINED WITH MICROSCOPE.

On a lighter, somewhat flesh-coloured ground there is a thick

mottling of red-brown, forming several indistinctly limited lines

between the central dorsal line and the flange. There are very

numerous whitish, conical tubercles giving the larva a white-

speckled appearance quite visible under hand lens even. Each

tubercle bears a rather stiff, whitish hair, swollen towards the free

extremity, and to some extent fish-tail shape. Those on the flange

and on the last few abdominal segments are longest. Those on the

head are not swollen at the end. Spiracles are almost round, light-

brown rings, placed very high above the flange fold it seems to me.

(This is perhaps characteristic of the Hesperidae.)

570 MygHarold Powell on the

The larvae which have been kept in tubes have the

ground colour much darker. They are coffee-coloured, in

fact.

From July 8 to October 17 I was away from Hyeres,

travelling about most of the time in the Pyrénées Orien-

tales. I had four larvae with me. Two of them, which I

had kept in tubes from the Ist stage, fed slowly all

through the summer, reaching, I think, the last stage or,

at any rate, the one preceding it. They died in September

from a fungoid disease which declared itself as a small

black scar on the back of one of the abdominal segments.

The scars did not appear to interfere much with the larvae

at first, but after a week or ten days they fed much less,

and finally ceased feeding altogether, though they remained

plump. The one first attacked I found dead and stiff in

the tube one day, quite a month from the time the disease

first appeared. The other, in which the disease was

already advanced, died soon after in the same way. The

scars had enlarged considerably during the course of the

disease. They looked like charred cork on the skin. Two

other larvae which I put in tubes towards the end of July,

and which had then not fed for fully six weeks, started to

eat a Potentil/a, which is common generally in ditches and

along roadsides. The moister atmosphere of the tube and

the presence of fresh food made them active. Before this

they had been spun up in dried leaves.

In mid-September, fearimg that they might share the

fate of the other two, I put them on a potted plant of

Potentilla, covered the plant with muslin and left them

out of doors. They spun up between the leaves at once,

and for a fortnight I saw signs of feeding on those leaves

forming the sides of the nests. The smaller of these larvae

dried up in its nest, and I found it dead before leaving

Vernet. I brought the other back to Hyéres on October 17

and put it on a growing plant of Potentilla hirta which I

dug up at the edge of one of the quarries behind the Villa

les Rossignols near Costebelle. The country was very dry

at that time, only a little rain having fallen in September.

However, I found the plant and others with plenty of

green leaves around the bases of the dead flower stalks.

The larva, which was then in the 4th stage, spun up

between two leaves without delay, and for a time it fed on

them.

But after the beginning of November I saw no trace of

Life History of Hesperia sidae, Esp. 571

any fresh feeding, and on January 7, 1910, I noticed that

the tent was still very well sealed up, as it had been for

two months. The weather was very cold, with several

frosts at the end of November and beginning of December,

mild and damp from the middle to the end of December.

It was fine and calm in January, with warm days and cold

nights, there being sometimes a little frost. The winter

tent is tightly closed by an inner lining of silk. It is not

at all conspicuous. Three of the spun-up leaves composing

it have died and are blackened ; others are green and faded

yellow.

At the beginning of March I opened this tent and found

it empty. The larva had recently left it and had made a

much larger tent on the other side of the plant. Five

leaves had been drawn together for this purpose. The

nest was well concealed. It was almost completely closed

up by the silk work inside. Some of the divisions belong-

ing to the tent leaves, and one or two adjacent leaves had

gaps in them, showing that the larva had fed. It was

then in its final stage (5th ?), but I could find no cast skin

or head case in either the winter tent or in the new one.

It was certainly not in this stage, however, when it went

into winter quarters. The nests had hardly any frass in

them.

Throughout the month of March the larva lived in the

same nest. Although I kept as close a watch on it as was

possible, I never saw it outside its tent or feeding. It ate

very little; only a few free divisions of those leaves com-

posing the tent and two other leaves near by bore any

traces of feeding. Iam not able to say at what time of day

or night it feeds. It certainly did not leave its tent for

long at a time. Its movements were slow when disturbed,

and were always preceded by much silk-spinning.

At the beginning of April the larva was well advanced

in the last stage. On April 3 I made some notes on its

appearance. It was then 20 mm. in length. Width of

head 2°75 mm.

Head rather large, each lobe top rising slightly above the central

division but not enough to give the appearance of horns; it is

rounded, with no sharp angles ; colour uniform dull black, surface

granular; labrum pale yellow, shiny ; ‘antennae and jaws black.

The head is covered with rather short, stiff-looking brown hairs, and

a few much longer hairs with a bend in them. These hairs, four or

572 Mr. Harold Powell on the

five times as long as the short hairs, are developed from the primary

head tubercles. The chitinous parts of the feet are jet black, the

joints and bases dirty whitish yellow. Neck narrow, quite smooth

and of a light sepia colour. The rest of the prothorax is smooth

with the exception of the black transversal plate divided by the

dorsal centre. Each half of this plate extends from the dorsal

division to the level of the prothoracic spiracle. It is somewhat

shiny, and bears several stiffish hairs curved forward. The division

is a narrow, dull white line, continued on the succeeding segments

as the brownish-black dorsal line.

The form of the body is similar to that of Carcharodus alceae.

The body is capable of great extension and contraction. The seg-

mental incisions are well marked but not very deep. Body tapers

rather rapidly after abdominal segment 6. Anal flap flattened and

rounded. The colour of the body is something between sepia and

coffee colour, darker on the dorsum than beneath. The central

dorsal line is dark brown, darker than the ground colour, but the

contrast is not sufficient to make the line very striking or distinct.

There are signs of two other dark lines between it and the spiracles,

They are very much suffused. Under the hand lens the dorsum

appears thickly sprinkled with+dull whitish tubercles bearing light

brown hairs of different lengths, none being more than about 1°5 mm.

The white hairs of the food plant are often caught in these hairs.

On the first two abdominal segments a distinct though narrow, dull

orange spiracular line is seen. it becomes very faint on the 3rd

abdominal segment and is hardly distinguishable beyond that.

No trace of this line on the thoracic segments. The flange

has a semi-transparent appearance when seen from below, and

is brownish-orange, rather lighter than the general ground

colour.

The roundish-oval chitinous ring of each spiracle is set on a small

mound of dull brownish orange. The ring itself is light red-brown.

The bases of the prolegs are slightly darker than the surrounding

tissue. They are hairy.

Under microscope x 40 approx., one sees that the numerous

whitish tubercles covering the upperside of the body resemble to

some degree those of Pierid larvae. Many of them terminate in a

shallow cup from the centre of which a hair grows. The edges of

the cup appear chitinous. Amongst these upstanding tubercles are

a few considerably larger cups or lenticles set on truncated tubercles.

_Judging from their position, they may represent the primary

tubercles; but if this be the case the tubercles have undergone

considerable modification. These large cups have very neat circular

borders of brown-black chitin, They look, in fact, somewhat like

Life History of Hesperia sidae, Esp. 573

spiracles, but they are quite round and have no visible vent. No

hairs grow from them.

The hairs are slightly swollen at their free extremities.

The larva of H. sidae has a habit of ejecting its excre-

ment with violence, throwing it a considerable distance

away. I observed this operation on several occasions.

The excrement was expelled gently until nearly the

whole mass had appeared, then suddenly it was shot

away, falling as nearly as possible 50 centimetres from the

larva.

I did not notice any movement on the part of the larva

which would account for this, but Dr. Chapman tells me

that Hesperid larvae are provided with an internal comb

which enables them to get rid of their excrement in this

way. The comb must be worked by a strong muscle. I

had the larva out of its tent when this performance took

place, but when inside the tent the end of the body is no

doubt pushed out, and that would account for the very

little frass found in the nests. There was particularly

little in the spring tent in which the larva has been living

since it left its winter quarters. The larva was taken out

of its tent, early in April, to be photographed. This was

not an easy matter, as it is very restless when interfered

with, and seeks to hide itself under the leaves, especially

when exposed to sunlight.

As soon as the operation was over it was put back into

the tent, but it did not stay there this time, for I found, a

day or two afterwards, that it had made a new, roomy

dwelling-place. To do so it had bitten right through the

stems of two leaves, arranging them upside down to fill up

gaps, and binding them with strong silk strands spun on

the inside, to the other leaves entering into the composition

of the tent.

On April 14, Dr. Chapman, searching on the Potentilla

hirta plants in the Plan du Pont valley, found a 4th stage

larva of H. sidac in its tent. It was small, about the size

of my larva when it went into winter quarters last Novem-

ber. The tent it was in was not a winter nest but a new

spring tent.

It seems probable from this that the insect passes the

winter normally in the 3rd or 4th stage, but, as the larva

subsequently proved to be ichneumoned, it can hardly be

regarded as a normal larva, and may have been retarded

574 ae Powell on the

by the parasite. Dr. Chapman has found that ichneumoned

larvae are sometimes stimulated into more rapid growth

by the parasites, but there are also cases in which an

opposite effect is produced, and this looks as though it

might be one.

Dr. Chapman very kindly handed the larva over to me.

It had the dark dorsal line more distinct than in my

5th stage specimen. There is a fairly distinct, whitish,

double subdorsal line swelling out slightly on each segment

and contracting towards the incisions. The ground colour

is rather lighter than in my specimen. With the micro-

scope I see that the double, white subdorsal line consists

mainly of large, white, hair tubercles arranged in rather

irregular line. The hairs seem a little darker than in the

other larva. The lenticles are not numerous. There is

one well outside the central dorsal line on the first sub-

division of the abdominal segments and another on the

lower edge of the white subdorsal line on the third sub-

division. Thoracic plate (scutellum) black and shiny, more

conspicuous than in the larger larva. Lateral area with a

dull orange suffusion along the abdominal segments. This

caterpillar made a small tent in the Potentilla leaves and

shut it up pretty closely.

Opening the tent on April 21, I found the larva dead.

Its skin was inflated by the cylindrical cocoon with rounded

ends, of anichneumon, ‘The cocoon had not broken through

the larval skin, which was now dark grey, lighter on ventral

surface, and with two suffused black dorsal blotches.

From the dead larva a small ichneumon emerged on

May 2, through a hole it made in the skin.*

The full-grown larva which I had reared from the egg,

settled itself for pupation about April 19. It had not then

changed colour.

On April 21 the whole dorsal and ventral area had

become dull reddish, with the exception of a livid, whitish

patch on the sides of the thoracic segments. This patch

was sharply defined on its upper edge where it met the

dull red colour of the dorsum.

The plant had been exposed to the sun, and I feared

that, in spite of its thick tent, the larva had been killed by

overheating, for caterpillars that have been killed by

* Mr. Claude Morley reports this specimen is a species of Lim-

nerium, a male, and that its ‘pupa looks as though the Limnerium

were hyperparasitic on Rhogas sp.”

Life History of Hesperia sidae, Esp. 575

heat often show the same reddish tint. However, I soon

discovered that it was quite lively, moving the fore part

of its body from side to side when touched. It was well

attached to the silk lining the nest by the hooks of the

anal pair of prolegs. There was no other attachment.

The pupa had formed by the morning of April 22. It

was fixed to the silk by the cremastral hooks, and the

larval skin, shrunken to a small wad, was tucked under

the abdomen near the end of the body.

The pupa is thickly covered with a white, floury substance which

hides its real colour. When this is rubbed off, the wing cases are

seen to be of a shade between putty colour and light mahogany ;

thorax, head and abdomen mahogany, the abdomen lighter beneath.

Cremaster dark mahogany.

Shape.— Head large and broad ; eyes large and prominent. Thorax

broad, rounded, not very prominent ; cremaster long, with a very

slight ventral curve. The proboscis, leg and antennae cases are

fairly prominent. The proboscis exceeds the apices of the wings,

reaching to the posterior edge of the 4th abdominal segment.

The upper line of profile when the pupa is lying on its back, runs

up gradually to the 3rd abdominal segment (under wing cases), after

which it curves downwards again towards the cremaster. The profile

of the dorsum, after the swelling of the thorax, shows a straight line

to the posterior edge of 4th abdominal segment, after which it slopes

to the cremaster. Excepting on the appendage cases, the pupa is

hairy. The hairs are light brown, short, and not very numerous.

The eye parts, with the exception of the glazed eye, are hairy. On

the top of the head the hairs curve forward, on the abdominal seg-

ments they are directed backward, and are more numerous and

longer from the 4th abdominal segment to the cremaster. The

thorax has not many hairs. They are shorter and scarcer on the

ventral surface of abdominal segments than on the dorsum.

Total length 18 mm.; length of cremaster 1°6 mm. ; from anterior

extremity to apices of wing cases 12:2 mm.; width across eyes

3°6 mm.; across shoulders 5 mm.; across 3rd abdominal segment

56 mm.; depth of thorax 5 mm.; of 3rd abdominal segment

5°2 mm.

On May 10 the eyes had darkened, and the wing cases

were of an opaque putty colour beneath their floury

covering.

By May 20 the pupa was dark, and the wing cases

showed the white markings of the imago on a black

576 Mr. Harold Powell on the Hesperia sidae, Esp.

ground. The glazed eye was quite black and the antennae

cases dark. The butterfly should have emerged about this

time, but after May 22 I concluded that it was dead. The

abdomen had then shrunk considerably in length and

girth. When I left Hyeres for Algeria early in May, I

had to remove the pupa from the tent in which it lay

ou the growing plant, and on the journey it probably

suffered from want of moisture. The imago, as I found

later, had fully formed but had died and dried up within

the pupa case.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVII.

Fic. 1. Larva (magnified) of Hesperia sidae.

2, Pupa (natural size) of Hesperia sidae.

Trans. int. Soc. Lond., rorz, Plate XLVI.

Hi. Powell, photo. C. Hentschel.

1. LARVA (magnified). 2. PUPA OF HESPERIA SIDAE.

XXV. Some Remarkable Ant-friend Lepidoptera of Queens-

land. By F.P. Dopp, F.E.S. With Supplement,

by E. Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S.

{Read June 7th, 1911. ]

Puate XLVIII.

THESE three species of stout, greasy, and sober-coloured

moths are scarcely likely to attract the attention of an

entomologist, who, unless he knew something of their

histories, would perhaps regard them as rather uninter-

esting insects; however, their life histories are most

extraordinary, and I consider myself extremely fortunate

in having, to a great extent, worked them out, so it is

with much pleasure that I now impart the information

acquired. ‘Though the histories of two of the species are

incomplete I think that we can fairly correctly surmise

much that has not yet been actually learnt.

The moths have been bred out by me, from cocoons

taken in the bush during the past three years or longer;

quite early I found what proved to be a larva of the

largest species, thus establishing the connection between

it and the cocoon and moth. My remarks are now solely

confined to this one species, Cyclotorna monocentra, Meyr.

Finding that the cocoons were invariably in the vicinity

of the nests of the well-known Australian mound ant,

Iridomyrmex purpureus, and that the supply did not

decrease in the hottest and most droughty periods, when

no food for the caterpillars seemed available anywhere

near the ground, I suspected that they were ant-associates

and to be found in the nests of those insects, therefore

I broke down or dug up many of the termite mounds

which these and other ants take possession of for homes,

and at last to my satisfaction found several of the strange

and handsome caterpillars. Later on in the year others were

dug out, and as they were always in the chambers con-

taining ant grubs, it was a simple matter to ascertain that

the grubs were preyed upon by the caterpillars. During

the past twelve months I have obtained from one nest

seventy caterpillars, and from another about fifty, but

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART III. (JAN.)

578 Mr. F. P. Dodd on some Remarkable

such numbers are a pikonial these two nests being

large and favourably situated; it was not often that I

found as many as twenty in one habitation.

Having taken larvae in various stages of growth, I was

greatly puzzled at being unable to obtain them below a

certain size ; however, I eventually found under the bark

of a tree, near a nest, a number of small oval, flat and

recently spun cocoons, and upon opening one observed

a bug-shaped larva, and very naturally supposed it was

that of a new carnivorous insect, as the cocoon much

resembled another flat and almost circular one known to

me, and also had the “frogmouthed” opening character-

istic of cocoons spun by the several species of ant-friend

caterpillars which I found here. To my surprise these

small cocoons produced caterpillars, totally different in

shape from the one I had seen three days before, in fact

they were similar to the small larvae which I had found

in the ants’ nests, though less brightly coloured. Here,

then, was a discovery; but why had I failed to meet with

the bug-like larvae in the ants’ nests, for there one would

suppose them to be? Many weary hours were spent in

searching the interior of ditierent mounds in the hope of

finding these tiny caterpillars, but all im vain, and I feared

that they were never to be found by me, for I did not

relish delving away at the hard mounds and having to

submit to the bites of the infuriated ants, for they have

strong, sharp mandibles and nip most unpleasantly ; they

are in countless numbers and swarm rapidly up one’s legs

and along the handles of the digging instruments, and

fight to the death. Though always keeping my trousers

well tied at the bottom when amongst the ants, I find

it impossible to stay there beyond a few minutes at a

time, for many get under the clothing, and lively moments

ensue in battling with them. Those on the legs can be

shaken off, or beaten down, many being killed, then scores

more squeeze into one’s boots, and are crushed. It is a

pity that in the fierce defence of their homes such results

follow—they deserve as considerate treatment as possible,

for so much deeply interesting knowledge is to be gained

by studying them ; then they are such willing and energetic

workers, and harmless enough until interfered with, and

though they bite sharply they inject no irritating poison.

Last year (1902) I spent much time in forming a collec-

tion of the ants of this district, adding such homopterous

Ant-friend Lepidoptera of Queensland. 579

or other insects which I found them fraternising with,

but I had left the red ant until almost the last, for it could

have been added at any time; however, I finally took the

species, and as it varied much in size and colour I collected

it from several localities. One day a small boy of mine

whom I had sent to a particular spot for several of them

and their Jassidae friends, where | had taken some’ only

a few weeks before, when bringing me the required insects

remarked that there were several reddish ticks on the

Jassidae! Examination showed that they were /epido-

pterous larvae, so I rushed off at once with this now precious

boy to the tree upon which he had found them. There

proved to be many of the homopterous insects on the tree,

in groups here and there, and upon a considerable number

caterpillars were to be seen. I now had but little doubt

that these were the long-sought-for ant-friend larvae in

their first stage; however, selecting the hosts with the

larger larvae, and keeping them under glass, I soon had

the satisfaction of seeing the latter crawl away and com-

mence to construct the cocoons, and upon the third day

the altered larvae emerge. Upon leaving the cocoons they

would move but a short distance, then assume quite a

peculiar attitude, thus, resting upon the abdominal legs

the front segments were raised a little and the terminal

ones turned over the back, so that the tails often projected

beyond the head, at the same time the anal parts and

claspers were stretched out as far as possible. ‘This

position, in a somewhat modified degree, is frequently

assumed by the larvae, often for many minutes at a time,

throughout their existence, and the reason for it has lately

been made apparent to me, and is explained further on.

To ascertain how the soft little larvae reached the ants’

nests, often many yards away, was the next matter, so I

took several to the tree and placed them in the way of

ants, who as soon as they became aware of their presence,

would eagerly examine them, then the larvae, touched

by the ants’ antennae, would endeavour to raise their

uplifted segments higher than before and further thrust

out the already distended claspers and anal parts. When

an investigating ant came to these protruding parts she

seemed thoroughly satisfied, for she would then quickly

seize the larva and bear it off to the nest. So ends the

first larval stage; what a change for the little thing, to

be carried away from the fresh air and warmth of the

580 Mr. F. P. Dodd on some Remarkable

sun, and placed in a dark, stuffy and often deep cell,

and there to stay for many weeks, or for months, accord-

ing to the time of the year, amongst the bustling ants

and their heaps of larvae, and to subsist upon the latter

instead of the sweet (?) Jassidac—the grubs of the ants

may be sweet, too, still my thirst for knowledge has not

yet prompted me to settle the point by tasting them.

No wonder the little creatures seem to preserve pleasant

memories of the bright world from which they have been

conveyed, and attempt to return, usually just after sunrise

as the ants start out on their day’s foraging, but they

are seized and hurried below again, their guardians know-

ing what is best now for them, for outside they would

assuredly perish. Or they may, owing to their stay and

change in the cocoon, have forgotten their early days, and

their visits to the light may be necessary and beneficial ;

but, assuming that they have not forgotten, I cannot state

how long they may be in becoming reconciled to such

changed conditions, but it must be many days, for from

one nest alone I obtained about two dozen small larvae

one morning, which were emerging from the holes and

wandering about, but the ants ‘seldom let them go far;

these were many days older than those newly changed.

One hot afternoon I came upon a nest, which was in

the shade, where there was a young larva emerging and

attempting to wander, in about fifteen minutes it came

out four times, but was always captured before it had

proceeded more than an inch or two. This was the only

occasion upon which I saw a young larva out after the

early morning.

The moths lay great numbers of eggs, which are placed

apart on their sides upon twigs and pieces of bark near

where the ants pass, and generally not far from a com-

inunity of the homoptera, which are usually in various

stages of growth, from the smallest larva to the perfect

insect ; freshly emerged caterpillars wend their way along

the different branches which the ants traverse until they

meet with any of these homoptera, large or small, when

they crawl upon them. Upon small larvae I have

frequently seen three young caterpillars holding on any-

where, but not permanently attached, one or two of

which would come off again. As a parasite increases

in size it will almost invariably be found upon the host's

abdomen (unless, as it sometimes happens, it is crowded

Ant-fricnd Lemdoptera of Queensland. 581

out) with the head at the base; if the host is a pupa

the forepart of the caterpillar is thrust well under the

projecting wing sheath. A well-grown larva upon a pupal

host of one species pushes the abdomen a little to one

side, giving the victim a queer lopsided appearance, or

it may be that a caterpillar completely covers the upper

surface of a larva’s abdomen, and even wraps a little over

the end. In some species of Jassidae the larvae prefer

to affix themselves to the dorsal surface of the abdomen

or along the sides; in others, where the abdomen curves

upward, the underside is chosen. The caterpillar spins

a white floor of web to cling to, adding a little wall to

this which leans over somewhat, the whole being com-

parable to the toe of a slipper; in this the head and

several segments are protected from the pressure of the

host’s wing, if same is a pupa or imago, and from the

movements of the legs, but the larger part of the insect

is unprotected.

Occasionally, after a long dry period, there are not many

groups of Homoptera about, so that the trees first to put

forth young foliage soon carry numbers of these, and the

moths freely oviposit on such trees, then strange sights

are to be seen, almost every homopteron having its rider

or riders, some with only one or two, others with three or

four, and some of the imagos with seven or eight, mostly

packed away under the wings, and forcing them apart.

Recently I have seen several of these remarkably inter-

esting communities, and amongst many overloaded imagos

I took one with six good-sized larvae, and as I boxed it

there were five more newly-emerged examples underneath,

doubtless meaning to crawl on, too. Some of these over-

loaded imagos will be seen in the tubes exbibited. Where

these insects are in such numbers the ants are exceedingly

numerous, and they valiantly fight for their pets. As the

season advances, and various trees put forth young shoots,

the Homoptera and caterpillars become more scattered,

and the latter might be overlooked. In approaching one

of these social communities the ants quickly become

alarmed, and rush about seeking for something to fight;

then the Homoptera, many with their burdens great and

small, doubtless understanding there is danger, toddle

away as fast as possible to more protected spots, at the

same time freely emitting their little drops of clear liquid ;

as matters quieten the ants again turn their attention to

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PaART. III. (JAN.) QQ

582 Mr. F. P. Dodd on some Remarkable

their charges, and absorb these drops, they getting a more

general supply than usual owing to the alarm occasioned

by the intrader.

Though I have kept many of the parasitised pupae of

the Homoptera none ever reached the perfect stage, but

sickened and died, simply because they were shut up; nor

have I seen a cast skin with the white web thereon, but

the old skin disappears, bemg removed by the ants or

blown away by the winds. I don’t even know whether

an afflicted larva will reach the pupal stage, but consider

it highly probable that these changes do take place, for

the insects with one or two parasites attached were always

lively enough, but those with four or more were certainly

not very frisky. Most of the affected pupae seemed to be

smaller than those which were free. The Jassidae are

restless creatures and cannot be confined and studied like

the Fulgoridae and their parasite; they do not appear to

feed in captivity, and soon become sickly and die, so I did

not follow up this interesting subject, owing to want of

- time.

A caterpillar does not necessarily remain upon the same

host, more than once I have seen one wandering about

amongst the other insects, and in boxing them in situ

they often dropped and hung by a thread; a few of

mine crawled away, and of these one or two moulted, yet

if they are undisturbed I do not think they leave their

friends in order to shed their skins, owing to the manner

in which they are cast, for the skin is not wrinkled or

rolled up, it breaks away underneath, and in slowly

loosening and coming off fairly well retains its shape; the

skin in the larval cocoon cannot be said to be cast, the

insect crawls out of it, if any of the cocoons be opened

the perfectly shaped skins will be found within.

Description of the caterpillars in both stages must be

left for one more advanced in that respect than I am.

However, I shall endeavour to give ‘an idea of what they

are like.

The young examples, before their change, are ege-shaped and

almost quite flat, at first they are dull yellowish in colour, later

they become richly pink, but change to pale pink ere they depart

from their hosts. After emergence from the cocoons they are even

more flattened, and not so broad in proportion to their length, which

is greater than before, and the sides are nearly straight. The edges

of the seginents are now formed like the teeth of a saw, and are

Ant-friend Lepidoptera of Queensland. 588

tipped with fine round fleshy points. The head is exceedingly

retractile, and maybe is smaller than the head of any caterpillar of

similar size known; before the metamorphosis it was always plainly

to be seen, though often drawn in considerably, but is now well

under the second segment, which projects a little over it and can

completely cover and hide it from view. The points on the second

segments are a trifle longer than those up to and including the

eleventh, on the twelfth they are lengthened a little, and on the

thirteenth extend into tails as long as the body. As the insect

grows these tails do not lengthen proportionately, indeed at maturity

they are scarcely longer than those upon a young larva. It is active

and graceful in its movements, if one be placed upon its back it

arches itself and turns over in an instant. The colour of a freshly-

emerged, tailed individual is dull orange-red dorsally, the points and

tails being colourless, in a few days this changes to bright pink, and

in time becomes reddish. The ventral area is at first whitish, but

gradually takes a bluish tint, by the time it is about one-third

grown this is glassy greenish-blue, this colour is not in the skin but

in the liquids, the blue liquid also shows faintly through the skin

in places on the upper surface—the flat areas within the edges of

segments. After a larva is about one-third grown it is in full pos-

session of its fine colours, as follows: the second segment is bright

ruby-red, the third to twelfth inclusive are crossed by strong, smooth,

gently-arched, rich orange ridges, if I mistake not the spiracles are

in these near the bases, appearing as dark specks. The dorsal line

and a subdorsal one are mere irregular pale lavender streaks, inter-

rupted by the ridges, upon each side of these lines are ruby-red

patches, so that there are eight of them upon each segment—four in

front of, and adjoining, each ridge, and four behind. Between the

ridges and the serrated edges, running almost the extreme length of

the insect, is a flat unbroken area, pale blue in colour, with a few

of the usual ruby-reddish splashes here and there ; the toothed

edges are red at the bases, orange in the centres, and watery-blue at

the tips. The ventral area is freely wrinkled, as before mentioned

greenish-blue, but commencing well within and running through

each segmental edge there is a broad, lengthened, bright orange-red

streak ; between the head and legs are four tubercles tipped with

yellow, and four more, also yellow-tipped, between the abdominal

and anal feet. The legs are brown and capable of free and quick

movement. The tails are without colour at the bases, but blue

towards the apices.

With these rough notes and the dried, blown, and spirit

specimens, perhaps a fair idea of this freak caterpillar may

QQ 2

584 Mr. F. P. Dodd on some Remarkable

be gathered. Any larva placed in spirit, which is much

better than formalin solution for this insect, loses all the

blue colouring, but the reds and yellows remain. In care-

fully rolling out one for blowing the blue liquid comes

away without admixture as a rule, following this there is

a little whitish grease and several clear jelly-like strings ;

it is the least objectionable of numerous species of larvae

which I have treated for blowing.

Though keeping many second stage larvae of various

sizes, some for three weeks, I have never yet seen one

moult, nor have I ever observed one to give any indication

of casting a skin, yet I have taken several from the nests,

about one- -third grown, so exceedingly pale that I felt

warranted in assuming that they had recently moulted.

However, it is strange that I never witnessed any moulting

change, though I lad many scores under observation at

different periods.

It will be seen how well the form of this caterpillar is

adapted to its surroundings, its flatness enables it to exist

in chambers where the roofs are low, for it has to get over

a grub to suck it, and the thin flanged sides can be turned

up to admit of it negotiating the narrow shafts and galleries

of the ant habitation ; some of these are extremely narrow,

and in many nests a pea would not pass through the out-

lets, so that few would believe that a full-grown larva

could pass through.

The caterpillar subsists in the second stage solely upon

the ant grubs by sucking out their juices. “A grub is first

felt or examined, then the very movable claws grasp it

more firmly and the small head becomes quite still, and

tremors pass through the caterpillar, ending in slight

upward jerks of the terminal segments, soon it is seen

that the poor grub is collapsing, then when its skin bas

fallen in considerably it is abandoned and auother one

sought out and tackled. I have witnessed three grubs dis-

posed of in succession in a few minutes by a large larva.

Reference has been made to the caterpillars raising

their terminal segments, even the small ones from the

cocoons doing so. This was quite sufficient to warrant

investigation. Consequently at various times I have

placed them with ants and grubs under glass, in order that

they could be seen to advantage and without risk of

disturbance. When the anal parts are protruded, an ant

generally soon becomes aware of the fact, and will be

Ant-friend Lepidoptera of Queensland. 585

seen to pay these great attention. I soon noticed that a

liquid, often perfectly transparent (it looks so on the blue-

green ground, probably it was pale bluish), is emitted,

and that it is greedily drunk up by the ants. Over and

over again, with and without a lens, I have seen this

issue, and the ants speedily absorb it. Some ants, perhaps

hungry or more enterprising than others, would take in a

supply from a second caterpillar. If an ant is not satisfied

with the quantity given out, she deliberately seizes the

protruding parts and gives them a gentle nip, the man-

dibles can plainly be seen to press upon the juicy flesh ;

if the hint is not immediately acted upon a more vigorous

squeeze is given, and the tails may be gripped and pressed.

This is very comical, the ant’s meaniug is unmistakable,

and the caterpillar so thoroughly understands it, too, for

a second hint never fails. This liquid, though frequently

quite clear, is often mixed with yellowish matter, and at

times some jelly-like substance is extracted ; the latter the

ants do not care about, for after the moisture is licked up

this is in their way, and if they have not been imprisoned

too long, will seize and tug at it until it comes off, and

carry it to a spot set apart for waste matter, such as their

own pellets and pupal skins, etc., are kept in. (A case moth

larva—Iphierga macarista, Turner—is common in the

nests, and as it is firmly and permanently affixed to the

roofs of empty chambers I firmly believe that it acts as

a scavenger by eating such matter, which must be carried

to these chambers. I have seen sometimes fully twenty

of these cases, all inhabited, in a single small chamber.

Examples I had ate ant larvae and pupae, preferring them

dry. Once I found several in a different ants’ domicile,

with fragments of ant cocoons sticking out of the ends of

the cases.) Of course, only a few caterpillars compara-

tively are in one nest amongst the thousands of ants,

numbers of which, therefore, cannot obtain any of this

liquid food, so it follows that when several caterpillars and

only a few ants are confined, the latter become surfeited,

or weary of the sameness of their food, so seek it less

frequently, and are not so particular in their attentions,

therefore their friends’ vents become clogged (especially is

this the case with small larvae) owing to the moisture

evaporating and the matter hardening, so that they get in

a bad way. Often a larva holds its terminal segments

aloft for a considerable time, but the invitation, or in a

586 Mr. F. P. Dodd on some Remarkable

case like this, signal of distress, is disregarded. None of

the liquid or matter is ever dropped, but when portions

of the latter are left by the ants, it will whilst soft adhere

to the box when the larvae happen to wander about. The

exhibits include a piece of paper showing frass marks of

neglected larvae. In my earlier experiments with the

small tailed larvae by themselves, also the larvae of the

next species, they sickened and died in several days, but

after ascertaining the cause others were easily kept alive,

without the ants, for three weeks, by cleaning them with

a small soft brush dipped in warm water; of course fresh

grubs were supplied at intervals, so I suspected that the

ants performed the necessary duties and finally verified

my suspicions. So we find that the caterpillars are of the

same service to the ants as many Lycaenid larvae and

various homopterous insects, including the so-called “ant

cows,” the Aphides, and that they are not possessed of

special emitting tubes like most of these.

Occasionally an ant will lick or brush a caterpillar, and

run its mandibles over the points of the segments, and I

have seen the latter apparently doing the same to a com-

panion, though it is not of common occurrence, but the

caterpillars often do something similar to the ants! This

process of licking, brushing, or whatever it may be, is quite

an everyday performance, and I cannot give any informa-

tion as to its meaning, though I suppose there is something

obnoxious to the ants which they desire to have removed.

An ant clearly exhibits an inclination to undergo this

operation, and will stand or crouch by a larva for some

time, awaiting its pleasure to attend to her. Should the

larva have its forward segments held up she will run

under, but if they are not she will make the most strenuous

endeavours to induce it to raise them so that she can

get underneath. Whilst the operation is proceeding she

crouches or lies down, and evidently enjoys herself, judging

by her quiet and general behaviour and the gentle motions

of her antennae. The operator holds her down and briskly

runs its head over and about her, the bases of the hind-

legs and the petiole being the places principally engaging

attention ; however, the small quickly-moving head per-

forms some service greatly to the relief of the ant. The

operation may last two or three minutes, now and then

an ant becomes restless and struggles a little, upon which

she is released, and she moves away, then spends a few

Ant-friend Lepidoptera of Queensland. 587

moments attending to her legs and antennae, finally

running off a much happier creature; whilst one ant is

being attended to, another may stand by to take her turn

when number one departs.

The larvae crawl with a fairly brisk and slightly undu-

lating motion. They are not nervous or irritable, and

will wander about the hand without caring if they are

touched or stroked; the head may be drawn in for a brief

moment, but the journey is continued, and very often the

forward segments are uplifted and the head turned about

in an inquiring manner. Quite as a matter of course one

will mount another and be carried about, and stay there

by the hour, even should the other be engaged i in spinning,

the spinner apparently not concerned or “inconvenienced

in the least. Sometimes one cocoon is spun upon another,

even out on the trees; amongst exhibits there are several

of these.

When the period for pupation arrives the caterpillars

move out of the nests in the early morning with the ants,

and travel along with them to the nearest trees which

they are in the habit of ascending, then seeking out a

crevice to get into, or a fragment of bark to creep under,

they commence their cocoons, small parties of ants taking

an interest in the process, their presence probably due to

a desire to receive a last taste of the larval liquid, for

before the roof of the cocoon is far advanced some larvae

emit a little of this, which wets the threads above—this,

by keeping the ants in attendance, doubtless is a provision

against the attacks of ichneumons. There are usually

several ants about a cocoon if the moth has not emerged.

The cocoon has a wide “ frog-mouthed ” slit, like those of

the two following species and the Fulgorid insect. Asa rule

it is pale salmon pink in colour, and its construction is an

undertaking of many hours—often after four hours of work

the larva is not quite hidden, though it works rapidly;

the walls are gone over repeatedly and are made tough

and strong ere the roof is commenced, then for long after

the larva can be discerned through the gradually thicken-

ing top. Owing to the presence of the ants few larvae

are parasitised whilst spinning, but a dark wasp-like

ichneumon succeeds in victimising them now and then,

only one fly coming from a cocoon; to escape it bites

through the top of the cocoon, that being the weakest

part. Though a larva may wander from the ant path and

588 Mr. F. P. Dodd on some Remarkable

pupate upon a twig or grass stalk, it is seldom that the

pupal shell is met with; this protrudes and is removed by

the ants and carried into their dwellings.

The pupa forces its way through the “lips” of the

cocoon, which close upon its terminal segments and hold

them securely whilst the moth bursts the shell. All

cocoons shown with the protruding pupal shells are from

my boxes or were taken in the bush soon after construction.

The moths emerge about 4 p.m. on the nineteenth or

twentieth day after spinning. Expanse of the f is about

23 mm., and of the § 28 mm.

Though I have referred to this caterpillar as a friend

of the red ant, I occasionally met with it in the company

of a large blackish insect whose nests are usually at the

foot of trees. This is a widely different species and the

pupae are enclosed in cocoons, those of the red kind are

naked. Once I found small, black ants amongst some

homoptera and caterpillars, but they had probably driven

off the red insects, for a habitation of theirs was not far away.

Cgclotorna experta, Meyr. I never actually bred this

species from larvae in my possession, nor have I had the

larvae in two stages, but have taken pupae from above

the nests where I had dug out young examples. As the

ants’ paths led to trees upon which there were often groups

of Jassidae during the year, similar to the species upon

which the other caterpillars were to be found, I have no

doubt whatever that it has two larval stages. It is a

smaller insect than the preceding, and the larvae have all

the same habits; they are coloured almost exactly the

same dorsally, but those I had at different times were too

small to show whether eventually they became blue on

the underside. It was found but rarely in only one locality,

and never in company with the other caterpillars.

Cyclotorna egena, Meyr. At first I found the cocoons

upon trees near the red ants’ nests, and bred out the

moths, but failed to discover the caterpillars for a con-

siderable time; finally I noticed a tree with great numbers

of small Psyllidae thereon, and the ants in attendance, so

I searched and found several of the extraordinarily flat

and almost circular larvae now exhibited; they were

moving about amongst the other insects, to which they

paid little attention, but would stop now and then and

apparently eat at tiny sugary-looking masses upon the

branches, which with the aid of a lens I took to be dis-

charges of the Psyllidae hardened. As there were also

Ant-friend Lepidoptera of Queensland. 589

several cocoons upon the tree I am perfectly satistied that

they were formed by these Jarvae. It will be seen that

this little caterpillar, with its flattened-out segments with

their fine tissue edges, can adhere to a surface as closely

as any scale. The head is visible when the insect is pro-

gressing, but is withdrawn at the least alarm, and the

edges of the segments are closed tightly down all round, so

that the creature resembles a flat scale or a mere circular

discoloured patch on the bark of the branch. Included with

exhibits are some small Ichneumonidae which emerged

from several of my pupae.

SUPPLEMENT.

By E. Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S.

The three species mentioned above all belong to the

genus Cyclotorna, Meyr., of which at present I know no

other representatives. ‘To the generic characters as given

by myself I may add that there is a tuft of scales from

beneath eye, covering lower half of eye; and that in C.

egena vein 3 of hindwings is absent, a modification probably

connected with its reduced size.

Cyclotorna monocentra, Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.

Wales, 1907, 72.

The darker suffusion towards costa, before middle of

forewings, is sometimes extended to form an inwardly

oblique fascia reaching more or less nearly to dorsum.

The transverse-linear form of the discal mark distinguishes

this species immediately from both the others, in addition

to the larger size.

Cyclotorna experta, v.sp.

Q. 19-23 mm. Head and thorax fuscous mixed with whitish.

Abdomen fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa rather

strongly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded, dorsum

strongly arched before middle ; fuscous, more or less sprinkled with

grey-whitish, in one specimen mostly suffused with whitish, with

scattered dark fuscous scales; an undefined patch of dark fuscous

suffusion in disc before middle; a dark fuscous dot or dash on fold

beneath middle, representing plical stigma; second discal stigma

large, roundish, dark fuscous, anterior edge sometimes excavated so

that it becomes crescentic: cilia fuscous, sometimes sprinkled with

grey-whitish. Hindwings with vein 3 present ; rather dark fuscous ;

cilia fuscous.

590 Mr. F. P. Dodd on Ant-friend Lepidoptera.

Townsville, Gus Mian (Dodd) ; from October to January,

five specimens.

Cyclotorna egena, n.sp.

¢ 9. 10-15 mm. Head and thorax fuscous mixed with whitish,

Abdomen fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched,

apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded; purplish-fuscous,

sprinkled with dark fuscous and whitish ; a very obscure darker

transverse discal spot at 3: cilia fuscous. Hindwings narrower and

more pointed than in the other species, 3 absent; dark fuscous ;

cilia fuscous.

Townsville, Queensland (Dodd); two specimens.

I note that the pupa is protruded from the cocoon on

emergence; the antennal cases are separate, and remain

entire after dehiscence. The secondary larval form has

much resemblance to a woodlouse (Oniscus), probably

partially due to adaptation to similar circumstances. The

term “ant-friend” seems scarcely accurate, the moth

appearing to have by far the best of the bargain; one is

reminded of the crocodile styled “ protector of the poor” ;

the unfortunate ant, blinded by his partiality for liquor,

overlooks the fact that it is produced entirely at the

expense of his own larvae devoured; the moth, on the

other hand, is merely getting rid of a by-product of his

digestive system, whilst obtaining free quarters, shelter

and protection from enemies, and a permanent food-supply

in all seasons. The whole life-history is most curious, and

as an instance of double parasitism unique, so far as I know.

On careful consideration of these insects I am of opinion

that the genus is an isolated one, representing an early

form of the Zineina. In the forewings vein 1b has a spur

rising from the lower basal fork, analogous to a similar

structure in the Psychidae ; vein 12 is exceptionally thick-

ened and strong. In the hindwings vein 1b forms a long

apical furcation (la and Ie being both also well developed),

a structure apparently unique; it has a strong basal fork

as well; vein 8 is also unusually thickened. I consider

these characters sufficient to constitute Cyclotorna the

type of a new family, Cyclotornidae.

EXPLANATION OF PLaTE XLVIII.

[See Explanation facing the PLATE. ]

FIG.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVIII.

1. Cyclotorna monocentra, group of eggs, with one greatly enlarged.

%) - ”

9? ”

23. ”

s5 .

9 pha

9 9

” bP

39 ”

” ”

, larva in first stage.

, flat cocoon (on leaf-fragment) for transi-

tion between stages.

, young larva in second stage.

, full-grown larva.

, cocoons.

» 6 imago.

, 2 imago.

, neuration.

, Homopterous host of first stage.

, ant host of second stage.

Cyclotorna experta, younger larva.

? 93

” oP]

9 ”

, full-grown larva.

, cocoon.

, 2 imago.

Cyclotorna egena, young larva.

”? 9 ’

9 pe] b)

39 ? b)

cocoon.

Homopterous host, immature.

‘ +» » Winged,

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.191, Pl. XLVI.

West,Newman imp.

H. Knight del.

ANT-FRIEND LEPIDOPTERA AND THEIR HOSTS.

Cena)

XXVI. An Enumeration of the Rhynchota collected during

the Expedition of the British Ornithologists’

Union to Central Dutch New Guinea. By W. L

DISTANT.

[Read October 4th, 1911.]

PLATE XLIX.

THE collection of Rhynchota brought home by this

expedition consists of fifty species, of which ten are

described as new, while it has been found necessary

to propose three new genera. In 1888, and in the

Transactions of this Society, I had the pleasure to give

the results of an examination of the Rhynchota collected

by Mr. Sayer during Mr. Cuthbertson’s expedition to New

Guinea. The number of species than obtained was forty-

eight, so that the results of the present expedition, in

the face of many hindrances, is in a Rhynchotal sense not

unsatisfactory. It is at the same time far indeed from

being exhaustive, and only affords a sample of the

material which we may expect as the result of another

expedition: under more fortunate circumstances.

The species here enumerated were all collected by

Mr. A. P. R. Wollaston, and on the banks of the Mimika

and Wataikwa Rivers.

SuporppER HETEROPTERA.

Family PENTATOMIDAE.

Tectocoris lineola.

Cimex lineola, Fabr., Spec. 2, p. 340 (1781).

Var. cyanupes.

Scutellera cyanipes, Blanch., Hist. des Tas), a, p: Tod

(1840).

Mimika River.

Calliphara flagrans.

Tetrathia flagrans, Walk., Cat. Het., i, p. 24 (1867).

Calliphara flagrans, Dist., Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist. (eg aly

p. 38 (1899).

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART III. (JAN.)

592 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Walker could give no locality for his type which

was founded on a unique unlocalised specimen. Mr.

Wollaston took two specimens which appear to be only

a very slight variety of Walker's species, which probably

also came from New Guinea.

In this variety the coxae and bases of femora are

practically concolorous with the legs, and the marginal

luteous fascia to the abdomen beneath 1is_ broader.

Wataikwa River.

Mimikana, gen. nov.

Moderately short and broad ; head longer than broad, the lateral

lobes longer than the central and distinctly spinously, porrectly

produced in front of it, Jateral margins sinuate, eyes large, moder-

ately porrect, a little upwardly and forwardly produced, well

separated from the anterior angles of the pronotum, ccelli wide

apart, near base of head ; antemiferous tubercles obtusely spinous ;

antennae five jointed, first joint passing apex of head and subequal

in length to fourth joint, second, third and fifth a little longer and

subequal in length; pronotum broader than long, the anterior

angles broadly, longly, subspinously, anteriorly produced con-

siderably beyond eyes, lateral margins conecavely sinuate, the

lateral angles moderately produced and very slightly recurved,

posterior margin truncate in front of scutellum, anterior margin

slightly concave ; scutellum longer than broad, the apex subacutely

rounded, narrowed at about two-thirds from base; corium longer

than seutellum, apically widened, the apical margin rounded ;

membrane about reaching the abdominal apex, with about six

longitudinal veins, the fourth and fifth furcate ; connexivum exposed

with the apical angles to the segments distinctly tuberculous;

rostrum reaching the apex of the second abdominal segment, third

joint much longer than fourth, first joint reaching apex of head,

bueculae prominent ; mesosternum distinctly centrally carinate ;

abdomen centrally broadly sulcate for about half its length, spiracles

prominent.

This genus is allied to Alathetus, Dall., from Jamaica,

which Stal placed with doubt in the Discocephalinae, and

which Dallas, its describer, placed in his Halydinae. I

am inclined to think that the latter is the more natural

position for both Alathetus and Mimikana, though they

may eventually form a division to be placed at the

commencement of the Halydinae.

Rhyncheota collected in Central Dutch New Guinea. 593

Mimikana wollastoni, sp.u. (Plate XLIX, fig. 4.)

Black ; antennae finely pilose; head above more or less trans-

versely striate; pronotum rugulose, sparingly coarsely punctate,

more or less ochraceously pilose; scutellum distinctly punctate,

obsoletely so on apical third; corium finely but irregularly

punctate; membrane bronzy-brown ; the nodulose apical angles of

the connexivum, castaneous; lead beneath and sternum coarsely

punctate, disk of mesosternum opaque and more finely punctate ;

abdomen beneath glossy-black, finely wrinkled and obscurely

punctate, the lateral margins opaque ; other structural characters

as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 17 millim.

Mimika River.

Hlemana, gen. nov.

Suboblong ; head a little longer than broad, lateral lobes longer

than the central, their apices roundly inwardly curved but widely

separated ; antenniferous tubercles prominently spined, the apices

of the spines turned inwardly, ocelli at base, nearer eyes than to

each other, eyes large, transversely produced, scarcely projecting

beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum ; antennae five jointed,

first joint slightly passing apex of head, remaining joints longer and

almost subequal in length ; pronotum about twice as broad between

the lateral angles as medial length, lateral margins sinuate and on

their anterior halves distinctly crenulate, the lateral angles slightly

and subacutely produced, posterior margin truncate before scutellum,

anterior margin moderately excavated for the reception of the head ;

scutellum longer than broad at base, the basal angles blackly foveate,

apical fourth slender and rounded at apex; corinm distinctly

longer than scutellum, its apical margin oblique, the inner apical

angle rounded ; membrane prominently obliquely veined, the veins

about six in number, the second fureate, and with a short transverse

basal cell; rostrum reaching the posterior coxae, first joint not reachi-

ing base of head, second scarcely passing the anterior coxae, third

reaching the intermediate coxae ; metasternum slightly raised and

broadly grooved between the coxae ; legs of moderate length, femora

considerably longer than the tibiae, anterior femora very shortly

and obscurely spinous near apex. Mesosternum injured by pin,

but apparently centrally, longitudinally ridged; abdomen very

obscurely centrally longitudinally sulcate; tarsi three jointed,

second joint small.

Allied to Eedicius, Dist.

594 Mr W. L. Distant on

Elemana propria, sp. n. (Plate XLIX, fig. 6.)

3ody above more or less ochraceous; the foveate basal angles of

the scutellum, two small spots on anterior margin of pronotum,

and the membrane black, extreme apical area of the latter between

the veins, pale testaceous ; antennae finely pilose, black, first and

second joints and base of third ochraceous; head coarsely and at

base linearly punctate ; pronotum coarsely punctate and moderately

wrinkled, transverse cicatrices on anterior area smooth and palely

piceous ; scutellum very coarsely punctate on basal third, remaining

surface more finely punctate; corium finely punctate, its apical

margin narrowly dull sanguineous ; body beneath pale luteous, head

beneath with a few black punctures, prosternum somewhat thickly

blackly punctate, meso- and metasterna laterally pale testaceous,

opaque, with some black lines, a small black spot at the bases of

the coxae; abdomen beneath almost smooth, shining; spiracles

and apex of rostrum, black.

Long. 113 millim.

Mimika River.

Coccoteris winthemi.

Halys Winthemw, Guér., Voy. Coq. Ins., p. 170, pl. xi,

fig. 18 (1830).

Wataikwa River.

Lictenus, sp. ?

Mimika River.

Antestia, sp. ?

Mimika River.

Lyramorpha diluta.

Lyramorpha diluta, Stal, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1863,

p. 998.

Wataikwa River.

Family COREIDAE.

Genus PTERNISTRIA.

Pternistria, Stil, En. Hem., iti, p. 89 (1873).

Type P. macromera, Guér.

Ptermstria femoralis, sp. n. (Plate XLIX, fig. 2.)

Black ; head, pronotum, scutellum and corium more or less finely

ochraceously pilose ; membrane piceous, opaque ; antennae, rostrum,

Rhynchota collected in Central Dutch New Guinea. 595

antenniferous tubercles, anterior and intermediate legs, and the pos-

terior tarsi ochraceous; antennae with the first and second joints

subequal in length, third shortest, fourth longest ; head above

obscurely punctate, shortly, transversely depressed in front of the

ocelli ; pronotum wrinkled and punctate, the lateral margins before

the lateral angles finely crenulate, the latter subacutely produced ;

scutellum transversely wrinkled ; corium very finely and somewhat

obscurely punctate ; membrane shortly passing the abdominal apex ;

rostrum not quite reaching the intermediate coxae ; in male, second

abdominal segment with two central very prominent long, robust,

slightly curved tubercles, a long, slightly curved spine on the lateral

areas of the second and third abdominal segments ; posterior femora

in ¢, thickened, strongly curved, convexly produced beneath behind

middle, and prominently broadly toothed near apex ; the convexly

produced portion has its edge coarsely dentate ; posterior tibiae

flattened and dilated on both sides, more so outwardly than inwardly,

two apical teeth on inner and a smaller curved tooth at apex of outer

area, the latter more dilated and rounded on the apical third.

Long. ¢ 19 to 20 millim,

Mimika River.

Allied to P. macromera, Guér., but differing by the long

and robust spines to the abdomen beneath in Z, and also

by the different structure of the posterior femora.

Genus MIcTIS.

Mietis, Leach, Zool. Misc., i, p, 92 (1814).

Type WM. profana, Fabr.

Mictis militaris, sp. n. (Plate XLIX, fig. 5.)

Black ; two central longitudinal fasciae to pronotum—not reaching

the anterior area—broad longitudinal streaks to clavus, apical margin

of corium, connexivum above and beneath, a large spot on each

lateral area of pro- meso- and metasterna, base of intermediate

femora, and posterior femora excluding apices, dull sanguineous ;

antennae with the first, second and third joints black, fourth joint

dull ochraceous with its base narrowly black, first joint longest, a

little longer than second, third and fourth shortest and subequal in

length ; head above finely obscurely punctate, centrally, shortly

impressed, near apex ; pronotum thickly punctate, except on anterior

area, the lateral margins crenulate ; scutellum strongly, transversely

wrinkled ; corium thickly somewhat finely punctate ; membrane—

excluding base---shining cupreous.

?. Posterior femora finely crenulate on inner margin and with a

596 Mr. W. L. Distant on

short tooth before apex ; posterior tibiae thickly finely crenulate on

interior edge and moderately dilated on basal half.

Long. 2 20 millim.

Wataikwa River.

Belonging to that section of the genus which comprises

M. limbativentris, Stal, and M. aruana, Dist.

Priocnemicoris flaviceps,

Nematopus flaviceps, Guér., Voy. Coq. Ins., p. 177, pl. xii,

fig. 10 (1830).

Mimika River.

Pendulinus lutescens.

Pendulinus lutescens, Dist., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vi',

poet OT):

A somewhat discoloured specimen collected by Mr.

Wollaston at Mimika River, I cannot separate from

P. lutescens describe from Queensland. It is larger in

size, its length, , being 144 millim.

Marevus generosus,

Marcius generosus, Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1865, p. 186.

Mimika River.

Family PYRRHOCORIDAE.

Eetatops gracilicornis.

Ectatops gracilicornis, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeitsclir., vii, p. 396

(1863).

Mimika River.

Melamphaus circumdatus.

Melamphaus cireumdatus, Walk., Cat. Het., vi, p. 16 (1873).

Mimika River.

Dindymus pyrochrous.

Dysdercus pyrochrous, Boisd., Voy. Astrol. Ent., ii, p. 642,

pl. xi, fig. 9 (1835).

Mimika River.

Dindynus decisus.

Dindymus decisus, Walk., Cat. Het., vi, p. 5 (1873).

Mimika River.

Rhynchota collected in Central Dutch New Guinea. 597

Family ARADIDAE.

Bareinus polyacanthus,

Crimia polyacantha, Walk., Cat. Het., vii, p. 17 (1878).

Barcinus polyacanthus, Dist., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix

p. 359 (1902).

Mimika River.

Bareinas is allied to the genus recently proposed by

Banks, Acantharades (Phil. Journ. Sci., iv, p. 580, pl. xi,

fig. 8, 1909). It therefore seems strange that Bergroth

(Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg, 1911, p. 186) should say that

Acantharades was very closely allied to the neotropical

genus Dysodius. More strangely still, Bergroth says that

the Malayan species D. quaternarius, which he described in

that American genus, is the same, and takes precedence

over the A. giganteus, Banks. Both these species have

been figured by the respective describers, and a reference

to the tigures will at once show the great dissimilarity in

the structure of the head. Banks describes the head in

his genus as “juga porrect, stylate, passing ‘tylus by its

own length,” and this character, clearly shown in his own

figure, is absent in that given by Bergroth.

Mexira membranaceus.

Aradus menbranaceus, Fabr., Syst. Rhyng., p. 118 (1803).

Aradus lugubris, Boisd., Voy. “ Astrolabe” Ent., ui, p. 642,

pl. xi, fig. 24 (1835).

Mimika River.

Family REDUVIIDAE.

Oncocephalus annulipes.

Oncocephalus annulipes, Stil, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Foérh., 1855,

p. 44.

Mimika River.

Sphedanolestes verecundus,

Reduvius verecundus, Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1863, p. 38.

Mimika River.

Euagoras dorycus.

Zelus dorycus, Boisd., Voy. Astrol. Ins., 11, p. 645, pl. xi,

fig. 21 (1835).

Mimika River.

TRANS. ENT, SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART UI. (JAN.) RR

598 Mr, W. L. Distant on

Genus PRISTHESANCUS.

Pristhesancus, Amy. and Serv., Hist. Hém., p. 360 (1843),

Type P. dorycus, Boisd.

Pristhesancus inconspicuus, sp.n. (Plate X LIX, fig. 1, 1a.)

Head, pronotum, scutellum, sternum and legs black, more or less

greyishly pilose ; apex of scutellum testaceous ; corium pale ochra-

ceous, the basal angle, extreme apical angle and a few irregular

transverse suffusions, black ; membrane hyaline, longly passing the

abdominal apex ; abdomen beneath shining, ochraceous, the first and

second segments and the lateral margins bluish-black, the sublateral

margins more or less suffused with piceous ; antennae pitchy-brown,

first joint a little longer than the anterior femora; head with the

post-ocular distinctly longer than the ante-ocular area ; first joint of

rostrum distinctly shorter than the second; pronotum with the

anterior lobe sculptured and with two prominent discal tubercles,

posterior lobe with the lateral angles distinctly produced, their

apices tuberculously spinous, the posterior angles a little lobately

and somewhat tuberculously produced; scutellum with the disc

distinctly, tuberculously, erectly produced, the apex slightly,

tuberculously recurved.

Long. incl. membr., 22 millim.

Wataikwa River.

Genus HELONOTUS.

Helonotus, Amy. and Serv., Hist. Hém., p. 361 (1843).

Type H. tuberculatus Guér.

Helonotus versicolor, sp. n. (Plate XLIX, fig. 3, 3a.)

Head, pronotum, scutellum and sternum, testaceous, longly,

greyishly pilose; corium bluish-black, the clavus and subclaval

area dull reddish, the apical marginal area pale ochraceous ;

membrane shining hyaline, considerably passing the abdominal

apex; rostrum, legs and abdomen beneath, black ; coxae and last

two segments of the abdomen, testaceous; head longer than

pronotum, post-ocular longer than ante-ocular area; antennae

testaceous, first joint as long as anterior femora; pronotum with

the anterior lobe robustly bituberculate, posterior lobe with two

moderately raised discal tubercles, less prominent than those on the

anterior lobe, the lateral angles spinously tuberculously produced,

their apices a little directed backwardly, their posterior angles

moderately lobately produced ; scutellum with the disc, obliquely,

upwardly, tuberculously produced, the apex also tuberculously

Rhynchota collected in Central Dutch New Guinea. 599

upturned ; rostrum with the first joint distinctly shorter than the

second ; abdomen beneath thickly, shortly, greyishly pilose ; con-

nexivum black, its outer margin on basal area, testaceous,

Long. incl, membr., 23 millim.

Wataikwa River.

Family PELOGONIDAE.

Mononyx mixtus.

Mononyx miratus, Montand., Bull. Soe. Bucarest, viii, p. 404

(1899).

Mimika River.

Mononyx laticollis.

Mononyx laticollis, Guér., Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 114.

Mimika River.

SuBORDER HOMOPTERA.

Family CICADIDAE.

Cosmopsaltria doryca.

Cicada doryca, Boisd., Voy. Astrol., 11, p. 609, pl. x, fig. 8

(1835).

Mimika River.

Diceropyga obtecta.

Tettigonia obtecta, Fabr., Syst. Rhyng., p. 35 (1803).

Mimika River.

Baeturia conviva.

Cicada conviva, Stal, Stett. ent. Zeit., xxii, p. 152 (1861).

Mimika River.

Baeturia exhausta,

Cicada exhausta, Guér., Voy. Coq. Ins., p. 181, pl. x, fig. 6

(1830).

Mimika River.

Lembeja crassa.

Lembeja crassa, Dist., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1909, p. 395, pl. x,

figs.

Mimika River.

RR2

60 ae L. Distant on

Family FULGORIDAE.

Aphaena reversa.

Ulasia reversa, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., x, p. 99

(1870).

Mimika River.

Myrilla obsewra, var.

Myrilla obscura, Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1888, p. 487,

pl. xin, fig. 8.

Mimika River.

This variety differs from the type in having less than

basal two-thirds of the wings, black.

Myrilla papwana.

Myrilla papwana, Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii,

p- 29 (1906).

Mimika River.

Parwana curvifera.

Paricana curvifera, Dist, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xix,

p. 288 (1907).

Wataikwa River.

OKENANA, gen, nov.

Head including eyes as wide as the anterior angles of the

pronotum ; vertex transverse slightly convex, the anterior lateral

angles subprominent ; face scarcely longer than broad, narrowing

from middle to clypeus, centrally longitudinally carinate, the

lateral margins laminately reflexed ; clypeus with two longitudinal

ridges on basal area; pronotum and mesonotum centrally longi-

tudinally carinate ; tegmina about one and a half times as long as

broad, costal membrane not wider than radial area, the first

obliquely, the latter more transversely veined, claval area strongly

granulose ; wings about one and a half times as long as broad,

posterior margin distinctly sinuate near middle, some of the

longitudinal veins furcate outwardly and forming apical cells;

posterior tibiae bispinose, one spine beyond middle, the other at

apex.

Somewhat allied to Halavrita, but differs in the clypeus

having two longitudinal ridges on the basal area,

Rehynchota collected in Central Dutch New Guinea. 601

Okenana lycaena, sp. n. (Plate XLIX, fig. 8, 8a.)

Body, tegmina and wings dark cerulean blue, more or less

greyishly tomentose ; abdomen tinged with ochraceous; tegmina

with the costal membrane, radial area, clavus, and apical area more

distinctly greyishly tomentose.

Long. excl]. tegm. 6 millim. Exp. tegm. 19 millim.

Wataikwa River.

Ricania binotata.

Ricania binotata, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,

p. 149 (1870).

Mimika River.

Huricania splendida.

Ricania splendida, Guér., Voy. Coquille Ins., p. 191, pl. x,

fig. 10 (1880).

Mimika and Wataikwa Rivers.

Vareia sordida.

Varcia sordida, Dist,, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), iv., p. 336

(1909).

Mimika River.

Family MEMBRACIDAE.

Genus IBICEPS.

Ibiceps, Buckt., Mon. Membrac., p. 238 (1903).

Type J. falcatus, Buckt.

Iiiceps alticeps.

onereitee alticeps, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc., x, p. 183 (1867),

Mimika River.

Genus SARANTUS.

Sarantus, Stal, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3), i, p. 592

(1863).

Type S. wallacei, Stal.

Sarantus wallacet.

Sarantus wallacei, Stal, Trans, Ent, Soc, Lond. (3), 1, p. 592

(1863).

Mimika River,

602 yn W. L. Distant on

Family CERCOPIDAE.

Aufidus hilaris.

Aufidus hilaris, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,

p. 291 (1867).

Wataikwa River.

Cosmoscarta sequens.

Cercopis sequens, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,

p. 285 (1867).

Wataikwa River.

Cosmosearta discolor.

Cercopis discolor, Boisd., Voy. Astrol. Ent., p. 619, pl. x,

fig. 11 (1835).

Wataikwa River.

Cosmoscarta divisa.

Cercopis divisa, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,

p. 279 (1867).

Mimika River.

Cosmoscarta mimikensis, sp. n. (Plate XLIX, fig. 10.)

Body shining black ; disc of head from apex to between ocelli,

and disc of face ochraceous ; apex of abdomen sanguineous; femora

piceous, their apices and the tibiae and tarsi dull sanguineous;

tegmina shining black, with five prominent ochraceous spots, one

near base and another near apex of costal membrane, one (largest)

at base and another near apex of clavus, above the last the fifth

spot is situate; wings somewhat pale piceous, their extreme bases

obscurely ochraceous; pronotum with a central longitudinal carin-

ation which neither quite reaches base nor apex, the lateral margins

broadly moderately reflexed, the whole surface thickly finely

punctate and slightly wrinkled ; scutellum distinctly foveate near

base and then distinctly centrally ridged to apex; face prominent

and compressed, centrally broadly impressed, the lateral areas

strongly transversely striate; posteror tibiae with a long robust

spine a little beyond middle.

Long. excl. tegm. 14 millim. Exp. tegm, 40 millim.,

Mimika River,

Lthynchota collected in Central Dutch New Guinea. 603

Cosmoscarta wataikwensis, sp.n. (Plate XLIX, fig. 11.)

Head, pronotum, scutellum and body beneath, black ; apex of

head, central disc of face, metasternal spots, rostrum, legs, abdomen

above, and tegmina purplish-red, apical areas of the latter piceous ;

wings fuliginous, their extreme bases purplish-red; pronotum

thickly finely punctate and slightly wrinkled, the posterior half

centrally longitudinally carinate, lateral margins slightly reflexed;

scutellum strongly transversely striate; posterior tibiae with a

prominent, robust spine beyond middle and a very short spine near

base ; mesosternum bituberculate.

Long. excl. tegm. 16 millim. Exp. tegm. 42 millim.

Wataikwa River.

Family JASSIDAE.

Tettigoniella inconspicua. (Plate XLIX, fig. 9.)

Tettigonia inconspicua, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond.

Zool., x, p. 303 (1867).

By a singular oversight Walker omitted to describe the tegmina

of this species, which happens superficially to be the most striking

character. The tegmina from base to commencement of apical cells

are testaceous, with a large, irregular, transverse, greyish, tomentose

spot beyond middle, the apical cellular area is dull fuliginous,

piceous at the inner angle beyond clavus; the whole costal margin

is very narrowly bluish-black.

Wataikwa River.

Tettigoniella vittefrons.

Tettigonia vittifrons, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,

p. 302 (1867).

Wataikwa River.

Tartessus sananas, sp. n. (Plate XLIX, fig. 7, 7a.)

Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous; abdomen above, body

beneath and posterior legs black or piceous ; head beneath ochra-

ceous; a curved fascia between the eyes, central longitudinal disc

of face, a short curved fascia behind each eye, and disc of clypeus

black ; anterior and intermediate legs and apical areas of posterior

tibiae (excluding extreme apices), ochraceous; tegmina shining

fuliginous, costal membrane and veins black or piceous, claval vein

brownish-ochraceous; wings pale fuliginous, apical area distinctly

604 Mr. W. L. Distant on Rhynchota of New Guinea.

darker, veins blackish; pronotum finely transversely wrinkled,

somewhat conically produced anteriorly; scutellum with an

obsolete, central, longitudinal carination ; abdomen shortly finely

pilose ; spinules of posterior tibiae long and robust.

Long. excl. tegm. 9 11 millim. Exp. tegm. 23 millim.

Mimika River.

Allied to 7. ferrugineus, Walk., and by the facial

markings to 7. scabrifrons, Walk.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIX.

[See Explanation facing the PLatE, |

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIX.

Fic.

1, la. Pristhesancus inconspicuus, sp. 1, p. 598.

2. Pternistria femoralis, sp. n., p. 594.

3, 3a. Helonotus versicolor, sp. n., p. 598.

4. Mimikina wollastoni, gen. n., sp. n., p. 598.

5. Mictis militaris, sp. n., 595.

6. EHlamana propria, gen. n., sp. D., p. 594.

7, 7a. Tartessus sananus, sp. n., p. 603.

8, 8a. Okenana lycaena, gen. n., sp. n., p. 601.

9. Tettigoniella inconspicua, Walk., p. 603.

10. Cosmoscarta mimikensis, sp. n., p. 602.

1 A 8 wataikwensis, sp. n., p. 603.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911. Plate XLIX.

H. Knight, del. André & Sleigh, Ltd.

RHYNCHOTA FROM NEW GUINEA.

(605. 5

XXVII. Report on a collection of Bombyliidae (Diptera)

Jrom Central Africa, with description of new

species, by Prof. Mario Brzzi, Turin, Italy.

[Read October 4th, 1911.]

PATE i,

THROUGH the kindness of Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall, the

Scientific Secretary of the African Entomological Research

Committee, I have received for study a very interesting

collection of Bombyliids from Tropical Africa. Some of

these beautiful flies, which may be called the butterflies

of the Diptera, are of economic importance on account of

their parasitic habits, for the larvae of several species are

known to prey on the egg-cases of locusts.

The genera in the collection may be tabulated as

follows :—

1 (10). Hind margin of the eyes absolutely entire, not indented and

without a deep sinuosity ; proboscis always long.

2 (9). First posterior cell of the wings closed.

3 (6). Upper basal cell longer than the second one.

4 (5). First posterior cell closed long before the hind margin of

the wings; basal comb of the wings distinct

Bombylius, p. 606.

5 (4). First posterior cell closed very near the hind margin and

; strongly pointed at the end; no basal comb at the root of

the costal vein. ‘ ‘ . Sisyrophanus, p. 611.

6 (3). The two basal cells of equal length,

7 (8). Face prominent, moderately pilose ; discal cell as in

Bombylius : ; ; . Systoechus, p. 607.

8 (7). Face not prominent, dentalyy pilose ; discal cell very obtuse

at the end; its apical cross-vein as long as the width of the

first posterior cellat the same point . Anastoechus, p. 609.

9 (2). First posterior cell open; basal comb of the wings not

developed . 4 ; : ‘ . Dischistus, p. 610.

10 (1). Hind margin of the eyes indented or deeply sinuose.

11 (12). Hind margin of the eyes deeply sinuose ; third antennal

joint hairy above ; proboscis long ; first posterior cell as

in Sisyrophanus . ‘ . Hurycarenus, p. 613,

TRANS. ENT, SOC, LOND, 1911, —PART Iv, (JAN,)

606

12 (11).

13 (14).

14 (13).

15 (18).

16 (17).

17 (16).

18 (15).

19 (22).

20 (21).

21 (20).

22 (19).

23 (26).

24 (25).

25 (24).

26 (23).

27 (30).

28 (29).

29 (28).

30 (27).

Prof. Mario or Report on a Collection of

Hind margin of the eyes indented ; proboscis usually short.

Second longitudinal vein issuing from the third at an acute

angle far before the first cross-vein ; first cross-vein far

behind the middle of the discal cell . Lomatia, p. 613.

Second longitudinal vein issuing at a right angle opposite or

nearly opposite the first cross-vein; if far before, the

angle is never acute.

Second longitudinal vein issuing from the third some

distance before the first cross-vein, at least at a distance

which is greater than the distance of the cross-vein itself.

Two submarginal cells : , . Petrorossia, p. 615.

Three submarginal cells; anal cells broadly open ; wings

petiolate ; proboscislong . Jsotamia, gen. n., p. 627.

Second vein issuing opposite or nearly opposite the first

cross-vein, the distance at any rate being smaller than

the length of the cross-vein itself.

Antennal style with a pencil of hairs at the tip; genitalia

of the male of somewhat larger size, symmetrical.

Third antennal joint lenticular, with a projecting margin;

abdomen with silvery spots; wings obliquely bordered

with black on the anterior half . . Anthrax, p. 620.

Third antennal joint not so shaped ; abdomen with scales ;

wings clear with some brown spots

Molybdamoeba, p. 617.

Antennal style without pencil of hairs; genitalia of the

male smaller, unsymmetrical.

Two submarginal cells only.

Face rounded ; wings clear, at most only blackened on the

fore margin. : , ; ; . Villa, p. 623.

Face prominent; wings with extensive dark or black

markings . : ; 5 . Thyridanthrax, p. 625.

Three or four submarginal cells.

Three submarginal cells.

Face conically produced; proboscis short

Exoprosopa, p. 635.

Face rounded; proboscis long . Litorrhynchus, p. 629.

Four submarginal cells — . : . Hyperalonia, p. 651.

1. Bombylius, Linne (1758).

Two species only, belonging to two distinct groups.

1. Bombylius micans, Fabricius (1798).

A male specimen of this well-known South African

species from Nyika Plateau, Urongo stream, North Nyasa,

July 14th, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey).

Bombylidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 607

2. Bombylius ornatus, Wiedemann (1828).

Fifteen specimens of both sexes of this common African

species, Songwe River, North Nyasa, June 21,1909; near

mouth of River Rumpi, May 12, 1909; Mwenetete village,

Songwe River, June 21, 1909, round cattle (Qh zeae

Florence Bay, November 1, 1909; Deep Bay, October 31,

1909; Marimba, Ukasi village, ’ January 15, T9390 (all

from Dr. J. B. Davey) Mzimba West Nyasa, May and

June 1909 (Dr. H. S. Stannus).

2. Systoechus, Loew (1855).

This genus, which is of economic importance, is well

represented in the collection by numerous specimens

belonging to five different species. The larvae live in the

egg-cases of locusts, as observed in N. America by Riley

(S. oreas preying on Oedipoda atrox) and in Europe by

Stepanoff, Schimkewitch and Portschinsky (S. autwmnalis

and leucophaeus on Stawronotus maroccanus).

The species before me can be distinguished as follows :—

1 (2). Femora wholly black ; abdomen with very few black bristles;

wings tinged at the base with dark brown or blackish.

albidus, Loew.

2 (1). Femora wholly yellow or black at the base only ; abdomen

with or without bristles; wings wholly clear or wich a

brownish or yellowish tinge at the base.

3 (6). Abdomen without black bristles at the hind margin of the

segments ; femora wholly yellow.

4 (5). Eyes of the male separated; face with yellow hairs; hind

femora with black spines; wings broadly infuscated at

the base . , : . vobustus, sp. n.

5 (4). Eyes of the male ioncane : ised with black hairs ; hind

femora with yellow spines ; wings clear at the base.

simplex, Loew.

6 (3). Abdomen with black bristles at the hind margin of the

segments.

7 (8). Face with black hairs ; hind femora with yellow bristles

melampogon, Sp. Dov.

8 (7). Face with yellow hairs ; hind femora with black bristles

ctenopterus, Mikau.

3. Systoechus albidus, Loew (1860).

The abdomen of this species bears very few black

bristles, the most of these being whitish. I think that

608 Prof. Mario Os Report on a Collection of

S. nigripes, Loew (1863), from the Cape is the same species,

and both are very closely allied to the European S. lewco-

phaeus, Meigen. The species is known from South and

West Africa; in the collection are seven specimens of both

sexes from West Nyasa, Mzimba, May and June 1909

(Dr. H, S. Stannus).

4. Systoechus robustus, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 1.)

6 ¢. Length (3 specimens) 13 to 14mm.; proboscis 8 to 85 mm.

A very robust species, easily distinguished by the short and dense

yellowish pubescence of the body, there being no black hairs or

bristles whatever on the thorax and abdomen.

Eyes of the male somewhat widely separated, the front of the

female being twice as wide as that of the male ; the median frontal

furrow very little developed; all the hairs of head yellowish ;

antennae black, the third joint very thin in the apical third, where

it is yellow ; terminal style very minute ; proboscis black, 10 mm.

long; ground colour of the head black, the sides of the mouth

yellow. Thorax densely clothed with short greyish hairs, those on

the sides being a little paler; prealar bristles whitish; scutellum

dark red. Squamae brownish, with a dense fringe of white hairs;

halteres white. Abdomen black, but in the male the sides and the

hind margins of the segments are reddish ; the pubescence as on

the thorax ; bristles wanting. Legs wholly reddish-yellow, only the

trochanters and the last tarsal joints being black ; with scanty

whitish tomentum ; all the bristles black, those of the hind femora

very strong. Wings somewhat greyish, with a reddish-brown tinge

on the basal portion, which extends from the end of the first vein

obliquely to the basal cross-veins and to the middle of the anal cell.

Basal comb strong, black ; veins mostly rufous, the first bright red ;

second and third longitudinal veins closely approximated till the

middle of the first posterior cell.

This species seems to be allied to S. ferrugineus, Macq.

(1834), from Senegal.

Type gf, North Nyasa, on the road from Karonga to

Fort Hill, near Chikwete’s village, May 21, 1909 (Dr.

J, B. Davey). TypE 2, W. Nyasa, Mzimba, May 1909

(Dr. H. S. Stannus). Another male specimen, in poor

preservation and denuded, from the same locality as the

female type.

5, Systoechus simplex, Loew (1860).

The species is known from South and East Africa.

In the collection are two specimens which I refer with

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 609

great doubt to this species, A male from North Nyasa,

Wovwi River, December 24, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey); the

eyes touching, A female, wholly denuded, from North

Nyasa, October 1909 (Dr. H. S, Stannus).

6. Systoechus melampogon, sp. nov.

3 ¢. Length (6 specimens) 7 to 9 mm. ; length of proboscis

4 to 44 mn.

Near S. mixtus, Wied., but smaller and with black hairs on the

face and hyaline wings. Head black, produced ; eyes of the ¢ very

closely approximated, but not touching; frons and face in the ¢

with the hairs entirely black, in the 9 with some yellow hairs

intermingled on the frons and upper portion of the face. Antennae

black, the third joint not attenuated ; terminal bristle small, the

basal joint not distinct as in S. mixtus. Proboscis black, short.

xround colour of thorax velvety black in the male, less velvety in the

female; it is densely clothed with erect, dark yellowish hairs of

equal length, without black bristles ; sterna and pleura with similar

hairs ; the hairs in the female are of a paler tint. Halteres whitish ;

squamae brown with yellow hairs. Scutellum dark red, black at the

base and in the middle. Abdomen black, sometimes reddish at

the sides; the hairs are of the same colour as on the thorax ; black

bristles well developed. Legs yellow, the basal part of the femora

a little blackened in the male: coxae and trochanters black ; tarsi

black at tip; the pubescence and hairs are white, the bristles

yellow, also those on the hind femora, Wings wholly hyaline, with

a small yellowish patch at the base; veins brown, the first black ;

basal comb small, mostly yellow, with a few black bristles.

TYPE ¢ and two other specimens from Southern Nigeria,

Oshogbo, February 27 and 28 (J. J. Simpson). TYPE 2

and another specimen from the same locality and taken by

the same collector, February 28, 1910, and March 1, 1910;

another ¢ from North Nyasa, Fort Hill, October 2@, 1909

(Dr. J. B. Davey).

7. Systoechus ctenopterus, Mikau (1796).

A single 2 specimen from North Nyasa, on the road

fiom Karonga to Fort Hill, near Lufira River, May 30,

1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey), which agrees very well with our

South European specimens.

3. Anastoechus, Osten-Sacken (1877).

This genus has not been previously recorded from

Tropical Africa; the species have the same habits and

importance as those of the preceding genus.

610 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

8. Anastoechus meridionalis, sp. nov.

?. Length 10 mm.

Very near A. nitidwus and hyrcanus, but with very different

antennae. Hairs on the upper side of the body greyish yellow, on

the ventral side white. Head with white hairs, except those on the

frons, which are black on the upper and yellowish on the lower

portion. Antennae with the two basal joints red ; the third black,

not constricted at the base and tapering intoalong point. Scutellum

dark red. Squamae whitish and white-fringed ; halteres yellowish.

The bristles on thorax and abdomen are yellowish. Legs yellow,

with white pubescence and white hairs ; femora broadly black at

the base, the hind femora almost entirely black ; bristles whitish

yellow ; tarsi darkened at tip. Wings as in A. nitidulus, but the

first posterior cell a little larger.

Type 2, from West Nyasa, Mzimba, August 1909 (Dr.

H. §. Stannus); the only specimen.

This is the first Anastoechus recorded from the southern

hemisphere ; the first posterior cell is larger than in typical

forms. The North African A. retvogradus, Becker, also has

the basal joints of the antennae red.

4, Dischistus, Loew (1855).

Of this genus, which is represented by very numerous

species in Africa, there are in the collection only two

specimens, which belong in my opinion to two new

species.

9. Dischistus diadematus, sp. nov.

?. Length 6 mm.

A small species, readily distinguished by the two silvery spots on

the sides of fore margin of the frons at the base of the antennae.

The body is clothed with golden hairs; only on the frons are

there some black hairs; the bristles of thorax and abdomen are

black. Head black ; frons shining in the middle, with black short

hairs, covered on the sides by dense golden pubescence ; face clothed

with wholly yellowish hairs; the silvery hairs form a transverse

band (interrupted in the middle) at the insertion of the antennae ;

occiput with short and dense hairs. Antennae black; the basal

joints very short and black-haired; third joint long, not pointed,

obtuse. Proboscis black, 2} mm. long. Thorax and scutellum

velvety black, densely clothed with golden hairs; scutellum bearing

eight strong black bristles on the hind margin, those of the middle

decussate. On the pleura the hairs are of a paler tinge. Halteres

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 611

yellowish. Abdomen black, clothed like the thorax; hind margins

of the segments with a row of strong bristles. Legs yellow, with

whitish pubescence; femora with the basal two-thirds black ;

tarsi darkened ; bristles strong, black. Wings somewhat greyish,

with a small yellowish area towards the base; basal comb not

developed ; the first, third and sixth veins are red ; small cross-vein

before the middle of discal cell; apical branch of the third vein

oblique, gently curved ; marginal cell dilated at the tip.

TypE @, from Southern Nigeria, Benin City, March 20,

1910 (J. J. Simpson); a single damaged specimen.

10. Dischistus hirtus, sp. nov.

Q. Length 10 mm.

Very near D. capito, Loew, but with black legs; distinguished

from D. seriatus, Wied., by the hyaline wings.

Hairs of the body very long, yellowish, but with some black hairs

intermingled. Frons clothed with short yellow hairs and very long

black ones ; occiput with very long yellow hairs, a few black near

the vertex ; face with long hairs which are yellow, with some black

towards the sides. Antennae black, the basal joints with very long

black hairs ; third joint a little attenuated in the apical half. Pro-

boscis black, 45 mm. long. Thorax and scutellum greyish black,

with long hairs which are yellow and black intermingled ; scutellum

with marginal hairs only, without bristles ; pleurae without black

hairs. Halteres orange-yellow, abdomen clothed like the thorax,

the hind margin of segments with numerous erect, but not strong,

black bristles. Wings pure hyaline, with black veins, and no basal

comb ; small cross-vein placed on the last third of the discal cell ;

marginal cell not dilated ; anterior branch of the third vein very long,

bent in the middle. Legs wholly black, with whitish pubescence

and hairs and with black bristles.

Type 9, from North Nyasa, Misuko Plateau, feeding on

flowers, June 2, 1909 (Dr. J.B. Davey); a single specimen.

5. Stsyrophanus, Karsch (1886).

A very distinct genus, of which only a single species,

S. homeyeri, Karsch, from Pungo Andongo, is known at

present; a figure of this species is to be seen on page 54

of the “ Entom. Nachricht.,” vol. xii. The author places

his genus near Hurycarenus, which it certainly resembles

in the form of the first posterior cell. But as the eyes

are absolutely entire on the hind margin, | think that

612 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

Sisyrophanus has more affinity with Dischistus, notwith-

standing the closed first posterior cell. The South

African fauna is rich in species of Dischistus, which have

an elongated cylindrical body, and this is to be seen

also in the species of Sisyrophanus.

In the collection are represented two species, which

are both different from S. homeyeri and very distinct.

11. Sisyrophanus leptocerus, sp. nov.

dg. Length 11 mm.

A species near S. homeyeri, but with black femora, wholly black

abdomen and wholly hyaline wings.

Head black ; face shining black, strongly and conically produced,

bare in the middle, with long pale hairs on the sides; eyes touching

for a considerable distance ; ocellar tubercle with some black hairs ;

on the occiput and below the hairs are greyish. Antennae black ;

the first joint shining, swollen; the second opaque; these two

joints bear below some strong and long black and white hairs ;

third joint opaque, as long as the first two together, much narrower

than the first, attenuated at the tip, without distinct terminal style.

Proboscis black, 5 mm. long. Upper facets of the eyes distinctly

enlarged. Beard dense, white. Hairs of the thorax dense, short,

greyish on the upper side, white below; thorax and scutellum

black, without black hairs or bristles. Halteres yellowish ; squamae

with white fringe. Abdomen black, clothed with hairs like those

on the thorax ; hind margin of the segments with a row of long

black hairs. Legs black, the tibiae dark reddish; bristles of the

tibiae black ; hind femora without bristles, with a few white hairs

only. Wings pure hyaline, with a small yellowish area towards

the extreme base; veins yellowish ; costal cell dilated at the tip ;

anterior branch of third vein very sinuose ; small cross-vein beyond

the middle of the discal cell ; anal cell widely open ; first posterior

cell very pointed at the end,

Tyre 2, from Mbwabwa, Momberas, May 1909 (Dr. HS.

Stannus); a single specimen, not in very good condition.

12. Sisyrophanus pyrrhocerus, sp. nov.

Q. Length 9 mm.

A smaller and more cylindrical species, very distinct on account

of the bright red third antennal joint and the yellow legs.

Frons wide, shining black, with a grey band at the base of the

antennae and some erect black hairs; face very prominent, black,

very shiny, with a small yellowish spot at the posterior, lateral

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 613

margin of the mouth, bare, with very scanty greyish hairs on the

sides. Antennae with the first two joints black, the first swollen

but short, bearing short black hairs ; the third joint longer than the

first two together, and not narrower, of a bright red colour and

showing a very minute terminal style. Proboseis black, thin, 5 mm,

long. Occiput with long and dense lemon-yellow hairs, Thorax

and scutellum black, clothed with long lemon-yellow hairs, without

black hairs. Halteres whitish. Abdomen black, with the same

hairs as on the thorax, with only a few black hairs on hind margin

of segments. Genitalia yellow-red, with long red spines. Legs

yellow, with only the coxae and tarsi black; tibiae with yellow

bristles ; femora with pale hairs, those of the hind pair without

bristles. Wings pure hyaline, with black veins, which are reddish

at the base, costa and first veins wholly reddish; direction of the

veins the same as in the preceding.

Type 9, and another specimen, from West Nyasa,

Mzimba, June 6, 1909 (Dr. H. S. Stainnus).

6. Hurycarenus, Loew (1860).

A very distinct African genus, which seems to be allied

to the South American Heterostylum, Macq. ; at least both

genera show the same sinuosity at the hind margin of

the eyes. Only a single species is known, which has

however, a wide distribution in the Ethiopian region.

E. pachyceratus, Bigot (1892), from the Cape, is very

doubtful, and belongs perhaps to the preceding genus.

13. Hurycarenus laticeps, Loew (1852).

Several specimens of this easily recognised species from

West Nyasa, Chintechi (Dr. H. S. Stannus); another male

specimen from Northern Nigeria, Lokoja, January 10,

1911 (J. J. Simpson); a very small female (7 mm.) is

from Abu Jill, Kordofan (H. H. King).

7. Lomatia, Meigen (1822).

Of this distinct genus, which is abundantly represented

in the Ethiopian fauna, there are in the collection only

two specimens, belonging to two very different species.

14. Lomatia inornata, Loew (1854—not of 1860!).

Loew has described two different species of Lomatia

with this same name: one in 1854 from Nubia, and

another in 1860 from South Africa. Since the two

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PaARTIV. (JAN.) SS

614 Prof. Mario Bezzi's Report on a Collection of

species are certainly different, that of 1860 must be

re-named Lomatia lvewi, nom. nov.

The single specimen in the collection, taken at

Vitiya, West Nyasa, October 1910 (Dr. H. S. Stannus),

seems to belong to the species of 1854; but the deter-

mination is very doubtful. The indentation of the hind

margin of the eyes is very obsolete.

15. Lomatia gigantea, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 2.)

¢. Length of the body 15 mm., of the wing 17 mm.; wing-

expanse 37 mm. General appearance as in our species of the group

of L. belzebul. Belongs to Division I B of Loew, near L. picti-

pennis, Wied., but of much larger size and with very different

wing-markings. The size is about the same as that of L. lungi-

tudinalis, Loew, which has, however, yellow legs.

Ground colour of head, body, antennae and legs black. Occiput

clothed with grey tomentum and yellow pubescence; face and

frons with long golden yellow hairs; ocellar tubercle and vertex

with black hairs. Eyes subcontiguous, with the indentation of

hind margin broad and distinct. Two first joints of the antennae

with short black and yellow hairs; third joint elongate conical,

a little excavated below, gradually tapering into a long style.

Proboscis black, as long as the head. Thorax on dorsum clothed

with olive-brown tomentum, which is grey on the pleurae and

below; the hairs are dense and golden yellow, greyish on the

pleurae, with whitish tufts on meso- and sterno-pleura ; the bristles

are yellow. Squamae pale yellowish with white fringe; halteres

yellowish. Abdomen with entire transverse bands of golden

tomentum at the hind margin of each segment; first segment

clothed with long hairs, which are yellow dorsally and white

ventrally ; the hairs on the sides of the other segments are also

long and paler; underside with short grey pubescence. Genitalia

not prominent, dark reddish, black above, shining. Legs with

golden yellow pubescence and black bristles ; on the four anterior

tibiae the pubescence is whitish. Wings very long; the markings

about as in L. pictipennis, but the colour yellowish and not brown ;

there is a dark marking along the first basal cell and around the

small cross-vein and its vicinity ; on the marginal, submarginal and

discoidal (including the second basal) cells are longitudinal stripes

of a pale yellowish tinge. No distinct pre-apical brown band ; the

hind margin of the wing is hyaline throughout its whole length,

as is also the apex. Direction of wing veins as in Loew's pl. II,

fig. 12, but the first posterior cell is not so narrowed at its end.

Type ¢, from Nyasaland, Blantyre, May 3, 1910 (Dr.

J. E. S. Old); a single specimen.

Bombyliadae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 615

8. Petrorossia, Bezzi (1908).

This genus was ereeted by me for the well-known

Mediterranean Argyramoeba hesperus, and is included in

the monograph of Dr. Sack (1909), with this species alone.

I am uow very glad to find that it is well represented in

Africa, as the collection comprises no fewer than four

distinct species.

The genus is easily distinguishable from any of its allies ;

it most closely resembles Chionamoeba, Sack, from which

it differs chiefly in the form of the discal cell and in the

origin of the second longitudinal vein.

The species before me can be distinguished as follows :—

1 (4). Species more robust and of greater size, without golden

tomentum on thorax, scutellum and abdomen ; frons

opaque ; abdomen wholly brown, or with a small yellow-

ish marking on the sides only.

2 (3). Frons with black hairs; abdomen wholly brown, or with

only a small yellowish patch at the extreme base, with

black bristles on the sides ; upper branch of third vein

normally with a recurrent veinlet . hesperus, Rossi.

3 (2). Frons with white hairs; abdomen with a narrow yellowish

lateral stripe along its whole length and without black

bristles on the sides ; upper branch without appendix

letho, Wied.

4 (1). Smaller and delicate species, clothed with golden tomentum ;

abdomen orange-red, with or without a median longi-

tudinal dark stripe ; frons shining black.

(6). Face with white hairs ; abdomen with a broad median black

stripe ; second longitudinal vein strongly bent near the

apex ; upper branch of the third vein bent at an angle

and_here with an appendix ; anal cell narrowly open

fulvipes, Loew.

6 (5). Face with black hairs; abdomen without median stripe ;

- second vein slightly curved, as also the upper branch of

the third, which is without appendix ; anal cell widely

open A 5 : : . : . gratiosa, sp. n.

16. Petrorossia hesperus, Rossi (1790).

A single female of great size (length 10 mm.), from N,

Nyasa, on the road from Karonga to Fort Hill, near

Kaseye, June 1, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey), which agrees very

well with our Italian specimens. The femora are wholly

yellow, and there is no appendix to the upper branch of

the third vein; the wings are hyaline, and only slightly

infuscated toward the fore margin.

SS 2

616 Prof. MariggBezzi's Report on a Collection of

This species seems, however, to be decidedly variable.

I have in my collection 9 f and 7 ? from Upper, Middle

and South Italy, Sardinia and Corsica, Portugal, Greece

and Syria. Of these specimens, ten have the appendix on

the upper branch of third vein ; one has an appendix also on

the inner side of the discal cell; twelve have the wings

hyaline, the others infuscated ; two have the femora wholly

or in greater part yellow. The female has normally the

wings hyaline and the upper branch without appendix

(five specimens out of seven), and the femora are more

yellow.

17. Petrorossia letho, Wiedemann (1828).

Anthrax longitarsis, Becker (1902), from Egypt, is with-

out doubt a synonym of this species, which seems to be

widely spread in Africa. The female has no appendix at

the fork of the third vein, hyaline wings and_ yellow

femora; the male has also no appendix (but one has an

appendix on the anterior angle of the discal cell), but the

femora are wholly or partly black ; the wings are darkened

in the basal half in two specimens and hyaline in one.

Four specimens of both sexes from North Nyasa,

Akamanga, South Rukuru River, October 10, 1909, and

Songwe River, September 17, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey).

‘The species is already known from Nubia, Sahara and

Alexandria.

Wiedemann records also the variable colour of the legs ;

Loew in 1860 has it under Hxoprosopa, but in the “ Berlin

Entom. Zeitsch.,” xvi. p. 77, he says that it is a species of

Argyramoeba, near hesperus.

18. Petrorossia fulvipes, Loew (1860).

A single male from North Nyasa, Florence Bay,

February 1, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey), of this elegant species,

agrees very well with Loew’s description. The wings are

strongly darkened on the basal half, the limit of the dark

patch ruuning obliquely from the end of the first vein to

the apex of the anal cell. The appendix of the fork of

the third vein is present upon one wing only.

19. Petrorossia gratiosa, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 14.)

¢. Length, 5 mm.

A very small, pretty species, allied to the preceding one, but

abundantly distinct by the wholly orange-red abdomen and different

venation.

Head velvety black, the frons shining in the middle, clothed with

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 617

biack hairs ; face with black hairs, with only a few pale hairs inter-

mingled. Antennae black, of the same form as in the preceding.

Thorax and scutellum velvety black, covered with golden tomentum,

as in the preceding ; the hairs on the pleurae, however, are of a golden

colour, not white. The abdomen has only the first segment black,

and is, moreover, a little darkened at the tip. Halteres yellowish.

Legs wholly orange-red, the tarsi darkened, with thin black bristles.

Wings evenly and slightly darkened over their entire surface. The

second vein is only gently curved at the apex, without the usual

strong arcuate fold; upper branch of the third vein long, gently

curved, without appendix; discal cell long and narrow; small

cross-vein placed on the first fourth of discal cell, anal cell but little

narrowed at the end.

Tyre g, from Southern Nigeria, Benin City, March 20,

1910 (J. J. Simpson) ; a single specimen.

9. Molybdamoeba, Sack (1909).

This genus is only slightly differentiated from the

following one; but the species: has a particular facies,

which seems to be sufficient for its distinction. In this

genus is also notable the development and length of the

recurrent veinlets of the wings. The wings are hyaline,

with a few dark spots on the cross-veins and forks; the

tibiae are yellow. The species in the collection can be

distinguished as follows :—

1 (2). Face with white hairs only ; anal cell closed

lewcopogon, sp. n.

2 (1). Face mostly or predominantly black-haired ; anal cell

open.

3 (4). Abdomen with very large scales towards the sides, com-

pressed at the tip; pubescence of the body yellowish ;

genital plate of male with black fringe ; all the cross-

veins on the wings infuscated . puwncetipennis, Wied.

4 (3). Abdomen without lateral patches of large scales, not com-

pressed at the tip ; genital plate without a black fringe.

5 (6). Ground colour of body grey; abdomen with yellow

pubescence ; the yellow hairs in front of the thorax very

long ; hairs on the face mostly yellowish

incisuralis, Macq.

6 (5). Ground colour black ; abdomen with the yellow pubescence

very scanty; yellow hairs in front of the thorax

sparse ; black hairs predominating on the face

decipiens, sp. ne

618 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

20. A me punctipennis, Wied, (1821).

Some specimens which agree well with Loew’s descrip-

tion ; but Loew says nothing about the patches of large

scales on the sides of the abdomen, The usual length

is 14 mm.; but one male measures only 10 mm. The

male genitalia are of large size, and wholly shining red.

Black tufts of hairs on the sides of abdomen are to be

found only on the second and fourth segments. The

single female has the hairs on the face whitish. The

wings show always the dark spot at base of the fork of

the third vein.

Two males from North Nyasa, Karonga to Fort Hill,

near Lufira River, May 30, 1909, and Akamanga, South

Rukuru River, October 10, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey); three

males and a female from Nyasaland, Fort Johnston,

2,000 ft., June 1910 (Dr. A. H. Barclay).

21. Molybdamoeba incisuralis, Macquart (1840).

Agrees very well with Loew’s description of Anthrax

miatus (1860), which is without any doubt the same

species.

Closely allied with the preceding species, but dis-

tinguished by the want of large scales on the sides of the

abdomen ; by the male genitalia being black at the base

and without a black fringe; by the presence of black

tufts of hairs also on the sides of the fifth abdominal

segment ; by the want of the dark spot at the base of the

fork of the third vein.

Three males from North Nyasa, Mulanasasa, Nehipomi

stream, September 16,1909, and Mudumuka village, North

Rukuru River, August 25, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey); a

couple from Nyasaland, Fort Johnston, 2,000 ft, June

1910 (Dr. A. H. Barclay). Two male specimens from

Norih Nyasa, Karonga to Fort Hill, near Lufira River,

May 30, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey), belong to the variety

mentioned by Loew (1860, p. 218, note 2), with the dark

spot at the base of the fork of the third vein. As the

male genitalia are, moreover, wholly red, as in JZ. puncti-

pennis, I will give a name to this variety, calling it var.

inquirenda, var. nov.; perhaps a distinct species.

22. Molybdamoeba leucopogon, sp. nov.

3d. Length (two specimens), 9-10 mm.

A grey species, with an oval elongate body ; very distinct on account

of the wholly whitish hairs of the face and the closed anal cell.

Gombyluidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 619

The frons bears erect black hairs and dense whitish pubescence ;

face whitish grey, bare below the antennae, the whitish hairs being

confined to the inferior portion. Antennae very short, grey. Ocei-

put with whitish scale-like hairs and a short fringe of white hairs.

Thorax clothed with erect black hairs and short grey pubescence.

The bristles are black ; the hairs on the pleurae are white. Seutel-

lum with the same clothing as the thorax and with strong black

bristles on the margin. Halteres white, with yellowish stalk.

Abdomen black, with yellow borders on the hind margin of the

segments, clothed with grey pubescence and erect black hairs; the

hairs on the sides are longer, but scales are wanting, the second and

fourth segments only bearing atuft of black hairs ; marginal bristles

of the last segments long and strong. Underside grey, yellowish at

the tip, with white hairs; genitalia shining red, black at the base,

the plate with a short black fringe. Legs black, with white scales

and black bristles ; tibiae reddish. Wings wholly hyaline, narrowly

luteous at the extreme base. A small brown spot after the origin of

the third vein ; the small cross-vein and the base of the second vein

placed just opposite to it are margined with fuscous, forming one

dark spot ; the cross-vein at the end of the second basal cell is also

slightly infuscated. The recurrent stumps are very long; the

second vein is sinuous at the tip; the first posterior cell is narrowed

at the end ; the small cross-vein is placed before the middle of the

discal cell ; the lower vein of the discal cell is very sinuous; anal

cell closed atthe margin. The veins are black, the first, however,

being luteous, i

Type ¢ and another specimen from North Nyasa, Aka-

manga, South Rukuru River, October 10, 1909 (Dr. J. B.

Davey).

23. Molybdamoeba decipiens, sp. nov.

¢@. Length (of 10 specimens), 7-12 mm.

This species differs from all the preceding ones by its prevalent

black colour. It is very closely allied to the Mediterranean M. tri-

punctata, Wied., but differs in the colour of the legs, which are in

great part yellow ; indeed, the front and middle femora near the

end, the tibiae, and some basal joints of the front and middle tarsi,

are yellow. The white scales on the abdomen are more developed.

The male genitalia are red with black base, and not prominent. The

underside of the abdomen bears long white hairs, which are wanting

in M. tripwnctata. Pattern of the wings and direction of the veins

the same as in M. tripunctata.

The female is very similar to the male; the tuft of hairs on the

genitalia is light yellow.

620 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

TYPE ¢ from North Nyasa, Deep Bay to Vua, May 14,

1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey); additional specimens, all males,

from Deep Bay, November 3, 1909; near Virauli Mt.,

July 23, 1909; from Karonga to Fort Hill, near Lufira

River, May 30, 1909; from Akamanga, South Rukuru

River, October 10, 1909 (all by Dr. J. B. Davey).

Type § and a male from Nyasaland, Fort Johnston,

2000 ft., June 1910 (Dr. A. H. Barclay).

10. Anthrax, Scopoli (1763).

This is not the Anthrax of authors, but as I showed in

my paper of 1908 (Zeitschr. 7. Hymenopterol. u. Dipteralog.,

p. 34) is the same as Avgyramoeba, Schiner, as restricted

by Dr. Sack in his monograph of 1909.

The genus seems to be very well represented in the

Ethiopian fauna, as the collection contains many species ;

those before me can be distinguished as follows :—

1 (8). Upper branch of the fork of the third vein bent at a right

angle in the middle, and with an appendix at the angle.

2 (3). Apical half of the wings with many confluent black spots ;

basal appendix very long; discal cell darkened in the

greater part ; squamulae dark. . . pithecius, Fabr.

3 (2). Apical portion of the wings wholly hyaline, or with 2-3

separated black spots only ; discal cell in the greater

part clear ; basal appendix short; squamulae white.

4 (5). The basal dark marking of the wings extends broadly beyond

the small cross-vein, and is in contact with the spots at

the base of the cubital fork and at the end of the discal

cell; no hyaline spot before the small cross-vein ;

plumula with a black fringe ; . diffusus, Wied.

5 (4). Dark marking ending a little beyond the small cross-vein,

and not coalescing with the cubital spot; end of the

discal cell not spotted ; hyaline spot at the end of the

first basal cell just before the small cross-vein ; plumula

with a white fringe.

6 (7). Species of greater size, with larger rounded brown spots

at the bases of cubital fork and third posterior cell ;

anal cell closed at the wing margin . aygulus, Fabr.

7 (6). Species of smaller size ; a small cloud only at the base of

cubital fork, that at the base of third cell not separated ;

anal cell open : : : homogeneus, sp. N.

8 (1). Upper branch of the catital fork gently curved or bent at

an obtuse angle, without appendix.

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 621

9 (10). Base of the second vein without recurrent veinlet . spec. indet.

10 (9). Second vein with the usual recurrent veinlet at the base.

11 (12). Upper branch of the cubital fork with the portion after the

bend very sinuous ; no hyaline spot before the small

cross-vein. . camptocladius, sp. n.

12 (11). The upper branch atten ihe fond is straight ; a hyaline

spot in the first basal cell just before the small cross-

wei" : : ; : . . pasillus, Wied,

24. Anthrax pithecius, Fabricius (1805).

This is a common and widespread African species, with

which conspwreatus, Wied. (1828), confusemaculatus, Macq.

(1855), and spectabilis, Loew (1860), are without any

doubt synonymous. The single discrepancy in Wiedemann’s

description of conspurcatus is the yellowish legs: but this

is a very variable character, which is affected by the

relative maturity and state of preservation of the speci-

mens. Plumula with black and white fringe. This species

can perhaps be better placed in the genus Molybdamoeba,

with the somewhat similar American figrina, de G.

(simson, Fabr.).

Several specimens from North Nyasa, Akamanga, October

8, 1909 ; Karonga, September 14, 1909 ; Remero stream,

November 24, 1909, and Bundi village, Fuliwa, May 13,

1909 (all from Dr. J. LB. Davey). Also a specimen from

Southern Nigeria, Oni, seventy miles east of Lagos, May

14, 1910 (W. A. Lamborn).

The size varies from 8 to 14 mm.

25. Anthrax diffusus, Wiedemann (1824).

A. maculipennis, Macq. (1840), is without doubt the

same species. A. hessit, Wied. (1818), has the dark mark-

ing at the base of the wings less widened. Plumula with

a black fringe; anal cell open; there is often a rounded

brown isolated spot on the lower vein of the discal cell.

A single specimen from West Nyasa, Limpachi River,

November 1909 (Dr. H. S. Stannus). But I have the

species in my collection, through the kindness of Dr.

Brauns, from Willowmore, Cape Colony.

26. Anthrax aygulus, Fabricius (1805).

An interesting species of large size, which had not

hitherto been recognised as an <Argyramoecba in the

published catalogues.

The clear portion of the wings is truly hyaline, while in

the preceding species it is smoky ; ; the two black spots are

622 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

very conspicuous, ff. plumula has a white fringe, as in

the following species.

A single specimen from North Nyasa, Kaporo, October

22, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey).

27. Anthrax homogeneus, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 3.)

9. Length 7 mm.

A black species with a wing pattern very like that of Hemipenthes

morio, with the addition of a small dark cloud at the base of the

cubital fork. Head black and clothed with black hairs, only on the

anterior portion of the frons are some white scaly hairs. Thorax

with black hairs and sparse whitish pubescence, towards the sides

the hairs are whitish grey ; pleurae grey, with short dark hairs.

Halteres white, with a dark stalk. Squamulae of a quite white

colour and fringed with white hairs. Scutellum shining black, with

four pairs of black bristles, those of the middle crossed. Abdomen

black and with black hairs, the first segment with white hairs on

the sides ; hind margins of the segments with a thin border of silvery

scales, the apical segments being almost wholly silvery. Legs black,

the anterior tibiae dark yellowish. Wings black and hyaline ; the

black begins at the end of the first vein, and runs obliquely to the

apex of the anal cell, which is hyaline, going over the small cross-

vein and the base of the third posterior cell. The cloud at the base

of the cubital fork is very small. The prediscoidal spot is dark, not

hyaline. There are two recurrent stumps ; the upper branch of the

cubital fork is gently curved at the base ; anal cell open.

Type §, from North Nyasa, Remero stream, November

24, 1909 (Dr. J. b. Davey); a single specimen.

28. Anthrax spec. indet.

A single damaged specimen of this interesting species,

from West Nyasa, Momberas District, November 1909

(Dr. H.S. Stannus).

In size and appearance very like A. diffusus, and with a

sinilar wing-pattern, but the lower veins of the discal cell

are all infuscated. The stumps of the recurrent veinlets

are wholly wanting ; the upper branch of the cubital fork

is simply S-shaped ; the anal cell is closed.

29. Anthrax camptocladius, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 4.)

dg. Length (of 5 specimens), 7-9 mm.

Closely allied to A. homogeneus, but easily distinguished by the

very different shape of the upper branch of the cubital fork.

Head with black hairs, and very sparse pale pubescence on the

fore portion of the frons. Thorax and abdomen as A. homogeneus.

Bombyludae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 623

The dark portion of the wings is not so sharply limited, and is

variegated with clearer streaks; the dark spot at the base of the

third posterior cell is isolated ; upper branch of the cubital fork very

strongly bent ; anal cell broadly open, and with the apical half

hyaline (not the apex alone as in A. homogeneus). Prediscoidal spot

clear.

Type ¢ and. another specimen from North Nyasa,

Akamanga, South Rukuru River, October 8, 1909 (Dr. J. B.

Davey). Three other specimens taken in the same locality

by the same collector, October 10, 1909, are less typical.

30. Anthrax pusillus, Wiedemann (1821).

This species also has not previously been recognised as an

Argyramoeba in the catalogues. It is near A. lewcogaster

and volitans, but this last shows white hairs on the side of

the abdomen. The two brown clouds of the wings are

often indistinct. After the small cross-vein, the border

of the dark portion of the wings shows a deep hyaline

indentation.

Three specimens from North Nyasa, Nyungwi stream,

November 26, 1909, and Karonga to Fort Hill, near

Lufira River, May 30, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey).

11. Villa, Lioy (1864).

The old genus Anthrax of authors, which, however,

cannot retain this name, must be divided into several

smaller genera.

The species of the Old World can be divided into the

three following groups :—

1 (4). Face rounded ; third joint of the antennae short.

2 (3). Very like Anthrax (Argyramoeba) in appearance, colouring

and wing-pattern ; pulvilli often present ; larvae living on

parasitic Diptera or Hymenoptera . Hemipenthes, Loew.

3 (2). Species not closely resembling Anthrax ; pulvilli always

wanting ; wings without dark pattern, mostly wholly

hyaline ; larvae parasitic on Lepidoptera . Villa, Lioy

4 (1). Face conically prominent ; third joint of the antennae elon-

gate ; pulvilli wanting ; wing-pattern normally present ;

larvae preying on the egg-cases of locusts

Thyridanthraax, Ost.-Sack.

Of the first group there are no species in the collection

before me.

The second group, Villa, is the one which was called

624 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

all

Hyalanthrax by Osten-Sacken in 1887, and Aspiloptera by

Kiinckel d’Herculais in 1905.

The collection has the three following species :—

1(2). Face with black and yellow hairs intermingled ; abdomen

with scaly hairs on the sides, and a black tuft towards the

middle ; end of the abdomen with white tufts; tibiae

black . : 5 . paniscoides, sp. n.

2 (1). Face without black Hee ehdemen without black tuft on the

middle of the sides ae without white tufts at the end ;

tibiae yellowish.

3 (4). Abdomen with black tufts on the sides before the end

Jlavescens, Loew.

4 (3). Abdomen without black tufts before the end . albescens, Loew,

31. Villa paniscoides, sp. nov.

36 2. Length (of 3 specimens), 11-13 mm.

Near paniscus, Rossi, but very distinct on account of the black

hairs on the face, and the lateral tufts of black scaly hairs on the

third abdominal segment. A. dizona, Loew (1860), seems to be an

allied species,

Frons black, that of the male very narrowed, clothed with black

hairs, yellow hairs being present only upon the antennae, more

abundant in the female ; face with yellow hairs, but with many

black hairs intermingled, chiefly towards the middle. Antennae

black, very short, the terminal style longer than the whole antenna ;

the two basal joints bear black hairs, which in the male forma very

dense fringe. Thorax clothed with yellow-grey hairs, which in

front are very long and dense, and in the middle and hind portion

are shorter and darker ; pleurae with dense whitish hairs and a very

thick tuft of white hypopleural hairs. Squamulae fuscous, with

silvery white fringe. Halteres yellowish-white. Abdomen black,

clothed with long grey hairs, which towards the middle are very

dark; in the male there are indistinct transverse bands; the

sides of the first segment with dense white hairs; on each side of the

third segment is a large tuft of black scaly hairs ; fourth with whitish

tuft, fifth and sixth with scaly black hairs; at the end a white tuft

on each side, as in paniscws. Underside black, with greyish hairs.

Legs wholly black, with black bristles and scattered yellowish scales.

Wings hyaline, narrowly yellowish at the base, with black veins ;

basal comb well developed, in the male black with silvery scales at

the base, in the female yellowish with yellow scales ; second vein

not strongly bent at the end ; discal cell very long ; rather narrow,

the small cross-vein placed before its middle.

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 625

Type f from North Nyasa, Mpanda Mountain, November

20, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey). Type 2 and another specimen

from West Nyasa, Limpachi River, October 1909 (Dr. HS.

Stannus).

32. Villa flavescens, Loew (1860).

A single couple, agreeing well with the description.

Face without black hairs. The male (hitherto unknown)

shows a silvery scale at the base of the wing.

The ¢ from North Nyasa, from Deep Bay to Vua, May 14,

1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey); the 2 from West Nyasa (Dr. HS.

Stanwus).

33. Villa albescens, Loew (1860).

Closely allied to the preceding, but quite distinct ; face

also without black hairs.

A couple from Southern Nigeria, Oshogbo, February 1-27.

1910 (/. J. Simpson).

These two species are not unlike our European species

of the group ixion-humilis, but have the tibiae yellowish

and covered with yellow scales; V. lasia and sexfasciata,

Wied., belongs also to the same group.

12. Thyridanthraz, Osten-Sacken (1886).

This name was originally proposed for the species related

to fenestratus and elegans, which show the characteristic

wing-pattern with the dark marking interrupted by pel-

lucid spots on the cross-veins and bifurcations. But I tind

that it is impossible to separate from this group the species

of the group afer, notwithstanding the different pattern of

the wings; the third joint of the antennae also shows

gradations from the short to the elongate form.

Some species of this group have hyaline wings without,

or almost without, any pattern; these species cannot be

confused with those of Villa, on account of the form of

the face, which is projecting, not rounded.

The species of this genus are of economic importance, as

they prey upon the egg-cases of locusts.

The species before me can be distinguished as follows :—

1 (2). Third joint of the antennae in the shape of an elongate

cone, gradually tapering to a style which is shorter than

the cone; dark marking of the wings with pellucid

spots; head, scntellum and abdomen in great part

TeGuatd: waine tue: Lee Macquarti, sp. D.

626 Prof. Mario Begzi’s Report on a Collection of

2 (1). Third joint less elongate and with longer style; dark mark-

ing without pellucid spots; head, sentellum and abdomen

black.

3 (6). Wings with black veins and darkened or black costal cell ;

colour of the body black ; notopleural hairs mostly black.

4 (5). Wings hyaline, with the extreme base black and the costal cell

darkened ; pleurae with black hairs. melanoplewrus, sp. 0.

5 (4). Wings with the basal third dark brown, the basal cells being

also included in the dark portion . . abruptus, Loew.

6 (3). Costal cell hyaline ; wing veins partly yellow ; colour more

greyish; notopleural hairs pale : ; . spp. ind,

34. Thyridanthrax macquarti, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 5.)

6 2. Length (of 7 specimens), 7 to 9 mm.

An elegant species with conspicuously bright red abdomen and

pellucid spots in the dark area of the wings. It agrees tolerably

with the description of A. fenestralis, Macquart (1840), from the

Cape, and is perhaps the same ; but in the specimens before me the

two basal joints of the antennae are red, a thing of which Macquart

says nothing ; in any case his name must be changed, because there

is already another A. fenestrulis, Wied. (1830), from Brazil.

Face wholly yellow, with white hairs ; frons also yellow, but black

near the vertex and clothed with black erect hairs. Thorax black ;

the hairs of the dorsum are denuded, but the sides show whitish

hairs. Scutellum red, black at the base. Metapleural hairs and

halteres white. Abdomen wholly red, with a basal triangular black

spot, which usually reaches only the hind margin of the third seg-

ment, but sometimes extends as a black median stripe to the last

segment ; the hairs are denuded. Legs black, with the tips of the

femora and tibiae red. Wings hyaline, yellowish towards the base ;

in the middle there is a brown cross-band, in which are to be seen

3-4 subpellucid spots at the cross-veins; this band does not reach

the hind margin of the wings ; the tip of the discal cell is hyaline.

Types ¢ 2 and five other specimens from North Nyasa,

Fort Hill, September 26, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey).

35. Thyridanthrax melanopleurus, sp. nov. (Plate L,

fig. 6.)

2. Length (of 5 specimens), 5-10 mm.

A black species near linea, Loew, but distinguished by the black-

haired pleurae.

Head wholly black; face and frons clothed with black hairs, the

last almost without pale pubescence ; antennae black, the third

Bombyluidae (Diptera) from Central Afra. 627

joint with a short point and a rather long style. Thorax with black

hairs, in front also; the side shows an entire white longitudinal

stripe, which is continuous with the white spots on the indentation

of the hind margin of the eyes; pleurae wholly black-haired, some-

times a few pale hairs in the posterior part of the metapleural tuft.

Scutellum black. Halteres brownish. Abdomen black; on the

sides at the base are white hairs ; the third segment bears at base an

entire but narrow transverse band of white hairs; the sides of the

abdomen bear dense tufts of black scaly hairs, Legs wholly black,

with black bristles and black pubescence. Wings hyaline, with

black veins; the base is black as far as the basal cross-veins ;

costal cell darkened ; the small cross-vein is broad and with a narrow

dark margin. Squamulae with a white fringe.

TyPE 2 and four additional specimens from North

Nyasa, Nyika Plateau, Rongorwi stream, August 29, 1909

(Dr. J. B. Davey).

36. Thyridanthrax abruptus, Loew (1860).

Allied to the preceding, but showing a more extended

dark pattern on the wings. The hairs on the front of the

thorax are yellow. Squamulae with a yellowish fringe.

Metapleural hairs partly black. Wing veins black.

A specimen from North Nyasa, Kabwiia stream,

August 31, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey); another from West

Nyasa, Momberas District, October 1909 (Dr. H. 8.

Stannus); and one from Northern Nigeria, Minna,

October 10, 1910 (J. J. Simpson).

37. Thyridanthrax sp. mdet.

A single badly-preserved specimen of a grey species, the

wings of which are hyaline, with the extreme base only

black. I think that is only a form of the Mediterranean

T. vagans, Loew.

North Nyasa, Vua, October 28, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey).

38. Thyridanthrax sp. det.

A single specimen of another smaller species, allied to

the preceding one and to 7’ /eweoproctus, Loew (1860), from

the Cape.

North Nyasa, Bundi Village, Fuliwa, May 13, 1909

(Dr. J. B. Davey).

13. Lsotamia, gen. nov.

TyPE: Jsotamia daveyt, sp. nov.

This genus can be regarded as an Hxoprosopa with very

long proboscis and very narrowed wings, which are almost

628 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

petiolate at the base; the origin of the second vein takes

place much before the small cross-vein, and the anal cell

is of equal size throughout its length (whence the name,

isos and tamevon).

Face but little projecting ; antennae short, widely separated from

each other ; the third joint short, the styliform portion terminating

in a short style, 1} times the length of the whole antenna. Proboscis

23 times aslong as the head. Eyes with a deep indentation. Mouth

opening very broad. Legs of the Hxoprosopa type ; claws very

small; hind claws with a basal tooth.

Wings very long and narrow, at the base elongately cuneate, anal

lobe and alula absent; prealar hook small; no basal comb. First

vein distant from the costa, the costal and subcostal cells therefore

broad ; second vein strongly bent at the tip; marginal cell broad ;

three very large submarginal cells; four posterior cells all open,

anal cell in its middle as broad as at the end, or only a little broader

at end; discal cell on the middle of the wing, short, not broader

than the second basal cell ; small cross-vein placed a little after the

middle of the discal cell ; the vein dividing the third from the fourth

posterior cell placed towards the middle of the discal cell, which

there makes a protuding angle ; the third longitudinal vein begins

ina right angle before the small cross-vein, at a distance from this

which is two or more times the length of the veinlet. The width of

the cells on the anterior portion of the wings and the narrowness of

those on the hind portion are so striking that the third longitudinal

vein becomes therefore placed a little behind the median axis of the

wing.

39. Isotamia daveyi, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 7.)

@. Length of the body 7 mm., of the proboscis 4 mm., of the

wings 7 mm.

A black and black-haired species, with pale pubescence on the

thorax and abdomen, and with the anterior half of the wing

blackened.

Frons with sparse, pale tomentum ; hind margin of the eyes with

a narrow white border; antennae and proboscis black. Thorax and

scutellum with yellow pubescence ; hind margin of the scutellum

with whitish tomentum ; the hairs black, but in the middle of the

front part there are a few yellow hairs ; pleurae covered with strong

and rough black bristly hairs; metapleural hairs also black.

Squamulae less distinct ; halteres black. Abdomen black, with yellow

and white pubescence ; the second segment bears a broad band of

white tomentum; the hairs on the sides of the first segment are

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 629

strong and rough, like those on the pleura. Legs black and with

black bristles; the tibiae are yellow, the two anterior pairs paler.

Wings greyish hyaline, with black veins. The narrowed petiolated

base is black to the basal cross-veins ; the limit of the black begins

at the fore border a little after the end of the second vein, and runs

obliquely to the third vein, to the small cross-vein, to the base of the

discal cell, and to the middle of the anal cell; there are three pro-

jecting black teeth, one at the base of the first submarginal cell, one

on the middle cross-vein and one at the apex of the second basal

cell. The very broad second basal cell bears at its end a pellucid

spot.

TyPE 2 from North Nyasa, Kaulunga Village, near

Lufira River, July 18, 1909, collected by “Dr. J. B. Davey,

in whose honour the species is named ; a single specimen.

14. Litorrhynchus, Macquart (1840),

I here regard this genus as distinct from Exoprosopa.

The species have a restricted geographical distribution,

being exclusively found in Central and South Africa ; : they

may be distinguished by the characters of the proboscis

and by the wing-pattern. Mr. Verrall also, in his masterly

and splendid work on British Flies, V, p. 479, mentions

this genus as a distinct one.

I will give here the essential characters of the genus :—

Face rounded, not conically projecting ; mouth opening more

elevated ; proboscis at least twice as long as the head ; frons of the

male broad ; style of the antennae longer than the third joint. The

abdomen bears spots of silvery scales on the third segment ; the

antennae and legs are partly red. Hind claws with a tooth. The

origin of the second longitudinal vein takes place always opposite to

the small cross-vein ; the basal vein of the second posterior cell is of

equal length to that on the base of the third, and is placed in the

same line with the axis of the wing. Pattern of the wings very

uniform, consisting of two broad cross-bands of yellowish-brown or

blackish colour.

The species of this genus are fairly numerous and can

be divided into two very distinct groups :—

A. First growp. Pattern of the wings brown or yellowish-

brown, not black; the vein dividing the second from the

third posterior cell is extraordinarily bent against the fore

margin of the wing, and therefore the third posterior cell

is two or three times as broad as the second. Palpi of a

TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PARTIV. (JAN.) TT

630 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

yellowish colour. Colouring of the body in great part

reddish.

The species of this group before me can be distinguished

as follows :—

1 (2). The brown pattern of the marginal cell ends a little after the

veinlet dividing the first from the second submarginal

cell and leaves therefore a fairly broad apical hyaline

space . : ‘ : . basalis, Rie.

2 (1). The marginal cell is filled up = the brown pattern to the end,

or almost to the end.

3 (6). The marginal cell is filled up by the brown pattern to its

end and even a little beyond ; thorax black.

4 (5). The bristles of the hypopleural tuft are all of a golden colour,

or only a few are black; squamulae with the fringe golden

nyasae, Rie.

5 (4). Hypopleural tuft with black bristles; squamulae fringed

with argenteous . ‘ argyrolepis, Sp. D.

6 (3). The brown tint of the oneal cell leaves at the end a small

hyaline space. Thorax red, with black stripes.

7 (8). The first posterior cell is broadly hyaline at the end ; thorax

with three black stripes : : rm cearden sp. Nn.

8 (7). The first posterior cell is filled an brown almost to the

end; thorax with two black stripes . dentiferws, sp. n.

40. Litorrhynchus basalis, Ricardo (1901). (Plate L,

fig. 8.)

Four gigantic specimens, 20 mm. in length, and with

a wing-expanse of 46 mim., all from North Nyasa, Karonga

to Fort Hill, near Lufira River, May 30, 1909 (Dr.

J. B. Davey).

These specimens agree very well with the description ;

but I think that this species is perhaps the same as

macropterus, Loew (1860); the difference in the shape of

the pattern at the base of the wings is very small. Loew

records also a specimen of his species of eight lines in

length.

41. Litorrhynchus nyasae, Ricardo (1901). (Plate L,

fig 99:

A specimen from North Nyasa, in bush near Vua, May

15, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey); compared with co-type by

Mr. E. E. Austen. Another smaller specimen from West

Nyasa (Dr. H. S. Stannus).

LBombyluidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 631

42. Litorrhynchus argyrolepis, sp. nov.

3 @. Length (of 3 specimens), 12-13 mm. Closely allied to the

preceding species, but easily distinguished from this and from all

the others by the squamulae being fringed with silvery hairs. Head

reddish-brown ; frons and face with yellow pubescence and black

hairs; antennae red, with the third joint and the style black ;

proboscis black, 5-6 mm.long. Thorax wholly black, with yellowish

pubescence and black bristles ; pleurae with black and reddish hairs

intermingled ; hypopleural tuft black, scutellum red, narrowly black

at base, clothed like the thorax, with 8-10 marginal bristles. Halteres

blackish. Abdomen black, more or less red on the sides and at the

hind margin of the segments; first segment with white hairs on the

sides; the other segments with dense black hairs on the sides ; sixth

and seventh with white scales ; the usual white spots on the third are

very well developed. Legs red, with black bristles ; tarsi darkened.

Pattern of the wings as in L. nyasae ; the middle cross-band is often

narrowed towards the hind margin of the wings, not filling up the

whole width of the end of the third posterior cell.

TyPEs f and 2 and another specimen from West Nyasa,

Nora, Choma and Mzimba, May—August, 1909 (Dr. 7. 8.

Stannus).

43. Litorrhynchus ricardo, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig 10.)

Q. Length of the body (of 2 specimens) 14-15 mm., of the wing

17-18 mm., of the wing-expanse 38-41 mm.

Very near the preceding, but larger, with clearer wing-pattern,

and with the marginal cell narrowly hyaline at the end.

The hairs on the frons are black, those on the face wholly whitish ;

antennae red, the third joint blackish; hind margin of the eyes

whitish. Thorax red, with three longitudinal black stripes, which

unite at a single spot in front of the scutellum ; the hairs of the

collar and of the pleurae are all of a golden colour; the bristles

are black. Scutellum red, with a marginal row of black bristles.

Squamulae with a thick golden fringe ; halteres blackish. Abdomen

red, with a narrow median black stripe, which does not extend

beyond the fourth segment; the hairs on the sides of the first

segment are white, the others black ; the usual white spots are well

developed ; underside, red. Legs wholly red. Markings of the wings

yellowish-brown, darkened towards the margins of the bands ; their

general shape as in L. nyasae, with the above-noted differences ;

the hyaline spot in the second basal cell is very greatly developed.

Named in honour of Miss G. Ricardo, who has done

good work in studying the South African Bombyluds.

CT 2

632 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

TYPE ? and an additional specimen from West Nyasa,

Mzimba and Mbwabwa, in Momberas District, May-June

1909 (Dr. H. S. Stannus).

44. Litorrhynchus dentiferus, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 11.)

g. Length of the body 17 mm., of the wing 20 mm., of the wing-

expanse, 45 mm,

A beautiful species very near the preceding, but readily

distinguished by the different colouring of the thorax and wings.

Antennae wholly red. Thorax with the two longitudinal stripes

very narrow and wide apart, and without a black spot in front of

the scutellum ; a whitish stripe on the sides of the back; the

thoracic bristles are yellow, but those on the margins of the

scutellum are black. Abdomen red; the first three segments with

a median triangular black spot only ; genitalia red, with a yellow

fringe. Legs wholly red. Pattern of the wings as in L. ricardoi,

but of a more yellow tint ; the tooth-shaped projection on the first

posterior cell is very characteristic ; the base of wing is yellow; the

spot in the second basal cell is smaller and less hyaline.

Type 2, from West Nyasa (Dr. H. S. Stannus); a single

specimen.

B. Second group. Colour of the body and of the wing-

pattern black. Palpi darkened. Genitalia of the male

black. The vein dividing the second from the third

posterior cell much less curved forward, and therefore the

third posterior cell only 14 times broader than the second.

While the species of the first group seem to be

principally confined to South and East Central Africa,

those of this second group are more prevalent to the

North of the Equator. The species before me are to be

distinguished as follows :—

1 (2). The marginal cell is filled with black in its whole length,

the black pattern extending even a little beyond its end

repletus, sp. n.

2(1). The marginal cell is broadly hyaline at apex.

3 (6). Propleural and metapleural hairs black; small cross-vein

without pellucid spot.

4 (5). Middle band of the wing narrowed towards its lower end,

filling only a part of the third posterior cell

rostratus, Loew.

5 (4). Middle band dilated towards its lower end, filling almost the

whole of the second and third posterior cells

dilatatus, sp. n.

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 633

6 (8). Propleurae and metapleurae with golden-reddish hairs; a

pellucid spot on the small cross-vein.

7 (8). Third joint of the antennae elongated, as long as or longer

than the style , : ‘ ‘ tollini, Loew.

8 (7). Third joint short, much shorter than the style

perplexus, sp. n.

45. Lntorrhynchus repletus, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 12.)

9. Length of the body 6 mm., of the wing 8 mm. A small

species, very distinct from all the others of this second group, owing

to the black end of the marginal cell.

Head, dark yellowish, blackened on the frons and on the occiput,

clothed with black hairs and with sparse pale pubescence, antennae

short, the two basal joints reddish, the third blackened, of a short

conical shape, much shorter than the style. Proboscis 4 mm. long ;

palpi darkened. Thorax black, with pale pubescence; the hairs

are long, those on the collar yellow, on the pleurae partly black

and partly golden; the bristles are black and very long. MHalteres

black, with greyish knob, Scutellum dark red, with very long

marginal black bristles. Squamulae blackish. Abdomen black, red

on the sides of second, third and fourth segments ; first segment with

white hairs on the sides ; the silvery spots on the third segment are

well developed ; the hairs are black, those on the sides are disposed

in the shape of a fringe, and are all black. Spines of the female

genitalia yellow ; underside of the abdomen dark blackish, yellowish

towards the middle. Legs dark reddish, the tibiae paler ; bristles

black; tooth of the hind claws very small, indistinct. Pattern ofthe

wing black, as in the following species; but the black colour fills the

marginal cell and extends over half of the apical submarginal cell ;

small cross-vein without pellucid spot ; hyaline spot of the second

basal cell large ; the upper internal angle of the first submarginal

cell is also blackened, while in the other species it is always hyaline.

Middle cross-band broad at the end, filling the half of the second,

and the whole of the third posterior cells ; basal cross-band distant

from the apex of the discal cell.

The left wing of the single specimen examined shows only two

submarginal cells, the dividing veinlet being reduced to a stump.

Type ? from West Nyasa, Choma, 4000 ft., May 1909

(Dr. H. S. Stannus).

46. Litorrhynchus rostratus, Loew (1860).

Distinguished by the conspicuous tufts of black hairs

on the sides of the thorax. The black basal band extends

to the apex of the anal cell, or ends only a little before it.

634 Prof. Mario ee” Feport on a Collection of

The stumps of veins described by Loew are often wanting.

Two specimens from West Nyasa, Mulowe (Dr. H. S.

Stannus).

47. Litorrhynchus dilatatus, sp. nov.

Q. Length of the body (of 2 specimens) 10-11 mm., of the wings

11-12 mm.

Very closely allied to the preceding species, but distinguished by

the middle cross-band of the wing being dilated at the lower end.

Head as in L, rostratus; the antennae also, but the third joint

reddish. Thorax in front with a collar of reddish hairs ; pleurae

with the black tuft of the preceding, and a white tuft beneath the

posterior calli. Halteres and squamulae blackish, scutellum reddish,

with black marginal bristles. Abdomen black, narrowly reddish

on the sides of the second and third segments ; its hairs are black,

those on the sides also, with the exception of the first segment,

which is clothed with the usual white hairs. The silvery spots on

the third, fifth and sixth segments are normally developed. Under-

side black, reddish at the base ; terminal spines of the female geni-

talia red. Legs reddish, including the coxae ; femora and taris more

darkened ; bristles black. Wings as in ZL. rostratus, but the basal

band reaching always the end of the anal cell ; small cross-vein

without pellucid spot.

Type 2 from North Nyasa, Karonga, May 26, 1909 (Dr.

J. B. Davey); an additional specimen from West Nyasa,

Mulowe (Dr. H. S. Stannus).

48. Litorrhynchus tollini, Loew (1863). (Plate L,

fig. 13.

“Distinguished by the very elongate third antennal joint,

and the reddish tufts on the sides of thorax. The pattern

of the wings is very like that of Z. rostratus, but the small

cross-vein is usually enclosed in a pellucid spot, and the

basal band is very distant from the end of the anal cell.

I am very doubtful if this species can be separated from

L. senegalensis, Macquart (1840); and my LZ. erythraeus

(1906) seems to be also the same widely spread species.

Two specimens from North Nyasa, Karonga to Fort

Hill, near Lufira River, May 30, 1909, and Mt. Waller,

September 1, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey); another specimen

from West Nyasa, Choma, May 1909 (Dr. H. S. Stannus).

49. Lntorrhynchus perplexus, sp. nov.

9. Length of the body 11mm. ; of wing13mm. _ Distinguished

from the preceding by its smaller size and short third antennal joint.

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 635

Head reddish-brown, darkened above and behind. Antennae wholly

yellow, with a very long style; thorax with the collar yellow-haired;

lateral tufts with yellow and black hairs intermingled ; the white

tufts below the posterior calli are large; the bristles are black.

Scutellum reddish. Abdomen reddish on the sides of the second, third

and fourth segments ; the hairs and spots as usual. Legs wholly

yellowish-red, wings as in L. rostratus, but the pellucid spot on the

small cross-vein less developed ; basal band distant from the end of

the anal cell. The outward margins of the two cross-bands are more

straight than in the related species ; the middle band not filling the

apex of the second posterior cell, which remains hyaline in its whole

length along the hind margin of the wing.

TyPE 9, from West: Nyasa, Ekwendeni (Dr. H. 8.

Stannus); a single specimen.

15. Exoprosopa, Macquart (1840).

Even as restricted here, with the exclusion of the genera

Litorrhynchus and Hyperalonia, this genus remains a very

rich one; and it must be recognised that the species

included in it are rather heterogeneous.

It is very probable that many species, if not all, have,

during their larval life, habits similar to those of

Thyridanthrax.

The numerous forms in the collection can be divided as

follows :—

1 (4). Discal cell with a strong right angle projecting into the

third posterior cell.

2 (3). Body and legs black; wings almost all blackish

umbrosa, Loew, p. 638.

3 (2). Head, abdomen and legs yellow; wings yellowish hyaline

inermis, Sp. n., p, 638.

4 (1). Discal cell without such an angle projecting into the third

posterior cell, the vein dividing it from this cell being

straight or only S-shaped.

5 (10). The transverse vein between the discal cell and the second

basal cell very strongly S-shaped.

6 (7). Wing darkened almost over its entire surface, with broad

fuscous borders along the veins ; discal cell very pointed

externally, as in Litorrhynchus ; second longitudinal vein

very strongly bent at its end ; abdomen clothed with long

erect, black hairs ; : venosa, Wied., p. 639,

636 Prof. Mario wees Report on a Collection of

7 (6). Wings not so coloured; discal cell more obtuse ; second

longitudinal vein not so curved before the end ; abdomen

without black erect hairs.

8 (9). Wings darkened, the costal portion more intensively ; first

posterior cell very narrowed at the end; abdomen with

patches of scales on the sides. lepidogastra, sp. n., p. 639.

9 (8). Wings clear, obliquely bordered with black on the anterior

half; first posterior cell broadly open ; sides of the abdo-

men without scales : : siqmoidea, sp. n., p. 640,

10 (5). The transverse vein between the discal and the second basal

cell straight, or only slightly curved.

11 (22). Wings obliquely bordered with black on the anterior half

and the posterior half clear, without isolated black spots

and with the discal cell mostly hyaline.

12 (19). The black fore border of the wings without any black

projection on the external upper angle of the discal cell ;

legs black or with only reddish tibiae.

13 (16). Pleurae wholly with yellowish hairs or with the yellow hairs

predominant ; metapleural tuft yellow-grey, absolutely

without black hairs.

14 (15). Antennae black ; sides of the second, third dia fourth ab-

dominal segments with a single broad silvery spot, which

is connected with a white transverse band on the third seg-

ment; discal cell short and broad . dimidiata, Macq. p. 641.

15 (14). Antennae reddish at base ; sides of the abdomen without

such a large silvery spot; discal cell narrow and more

than twice as long as broad . discriminata, sp. n., p. 641.

16 (13). Pleurae with black hairs; metapleural tuft black or with

the black hairs predominant.

17 (18). Third abdominal segment only with a white band ; meta-

pleural tuft black; tibiae black ; black costal border of

the wings extending beyond the small cross-vein ; species

of greater size. . «+ buctifera, sp. n., p. 642.

18 (17). Abdomen with the earl third and fourth segments wholly

argenteous; metapleural tuft black and grey; tibiae

reddish ; black costal border ending a little beyond the

small cross-vein ; species of smaller size

argyrophora, sp. n., p. 643.

19 (12). The black fore border with a black tooth over the external

angle of the discal cell ; legs reddish or red.

20 (21). The external upper angle of the discal cell is wholly filled

with black. 4 ; argentifrons, Macq., p. 643.

21 (20). The external upper angle of the discal cell is hyaline

scaligera, sp. D., p. 643.

22, (11).

23 (26).

24 (25).

25 (24).

26 (23).

27 (38).

28 (37).

29 (30).

30 (29).

31 (32).

32 (31).

33 (34).

34 (33).

35 (36).

36 (35).

37 (28).

38 (27).

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 637

Wings not so coloured.

Wings mostly black, with hyaline apex; discal cell almost

all black; no isolated brown spots; some pellucid spots

on the cross-veins.

Wings black also at the base and along the whole fore

border; yellowish spots on the cross-veins very small ;

third posterior cell shorter than the fourth; head, abdo-

men, antennae and legs black . _jacchoides, sp. n., p. 644.

Wings yellow at base and in the middle of the fore border;

yellow spots on the cross-veins very broad, therefore the

wing-pattern showing two black bands fused together on

the hind margin; third posterior cell as long as the

fourth ; head, abdomen, antennae and legs red

laeta, Loew, p. 645.

Wings mostly or wholly hyaline ; if the fore border is dark,

the posterior edge of the marking is not sharply defined ;

the discal cell is always hyaline; there are sometimes

isolated brown spots on the cross-veins.

Wings with the fore border narrowly darkened along the

costa, but not sharply defined ; cross-veins for the most

part infuscated.

Abdomen of conical shape ; face strongly conical and pro-

jecting ; some cross-veins infuscated.

Thorax with a distinct white stripe on the sides ; abdomen

with white scales; all the cross-veins margined with

fuscous. ‘ punctulata, Macq., p. 645.

Thorax without eel white stripe on the dorsum; the

second cross-vein not margined with fuscous.

Legs and antennae entirely black . major, Ric., p. 646.

Legs and antennae partly red.

Basal joints of the antennae red ; frons almost without black

hairs; very large species, without black bands on the

abdomen . ; . 5 batrachoides, sp. n., p. 646.

Basal joints of the antennae black.

Femora entirely red ; hairs of the body grey, without black

hairs on thorax ; wings hyaline . stannusi, sp. n., p. 647.

Femora with a plac stripe ; hairs of thorax of a golden

colour, mesopleurae with black hairs ; halteres and wings

darkened . - : : capnoptera, sp. n., p. 648.

Abdomen not conical ; face less projecting, almost rounded

as in Litorrhynchus; cross-veins not infuscated

penthoptera, sp. n., p. 648.

Wings entirely hyaline, or only slightly yellowish along the

costal cell.

638 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

39 (40). Third antennal joint very elongate, without style, and yellow

in its basal half. ; : heterocera, sp. n., p. 649.

40 (39). Third joint of the antennae entirely black, not so long, and

often very short, always with distinct style.

41 (42). Third joint of the antennae very short, ending in a short

point, with the terminal style longer than the joint itself ;

large species of the appearance of a Villa

villaeformis, sp. n., p. 650,

42 (41). Third joint longer than the style.

43 (46). Legs and body black.

44 (45). Hairs of the breast grey .. . minois, Loew, p. 650.

45 (44). Hairs of the breast black . hypomelaena, sp. n., p. 651,

46 (43). Legs and body partly red.

47 (48). Wings with a slight yellowish tint ; hairs on the pleurae

yellowish-grey : inornata, Loew, p. 651.

48 (47). Wings pure hyaline ; hairs on the pleurae pure white

spec. indet., p. 651.

50. Exoprosopa umbrosa, Loew (1860).

A single female from West Nyasa (Dr. H. S. Stannus),

which agrees well enough with the description. The third

posterior cell is a little shorter than the second, and at

the apex is only a little broader than the same cell. The

angle of the discal cell shows the stump in the third

posterior cell, as stated by Loew; but there is a second

stump in the discal cell itself, beginning at the vein

dividing the second from the third posterior cell and

making a small supernumerary cell in the upper apical

corner of the discal cell. The spines of the female

genitalia are yellowish-red.

51. Hxoprosopa imernvis, sp. nov.

¢. Length of the body 12 mm., of the wings 10 mm.

A species characterised by the angle of the discal cell and the

Inteous colour of the head, abdomen and legs; a striking character

distinguishing it from any other species 1s the apparent absence of

bristles on the thorax and scutellum, but I am not absolutely sure

of this, owing to the poor preservation of the specimen ; at any rate

I cannot find a trace of the points of insertion of the bristles, if these

are denuded.

Face not projecting at all, rounded, convex, shining ; frons broad,

for a male, with sparse yellowish pubescence and short black hairs;

antennae yellow, the third joint a little darkened, of conical shape,

longer than the two basal joints together, with the terminal style as

Jong as one-third of the joint itself. Proboscis black, not prominent.

Bombyluidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 689

Thorax black, with a yellow spot before the scutellum and yellow

shoulders ; it is clothed with dense grey hairs, without any black

hairs, as are also the pleurae ; the tomentum is yellow; the usual

bristles are wanting, so far as I can see; metapleural tuft white;

squamulae dark brown, with a whitish fringe; halteres yellow.

Scutellum yellow, with white hairs, without bristles. Abdomen of

oval shape, entirely yellow, with a black rounded basal spot in the

middle of the second segment and very narrow transverse black

stripes before the hind margin of the second and third segments ;

there is white tomentum on the sides and on the venter ; first seg-

ment with whitish hairs on the sides. Male genitalia yellow. Legs

wholly yellow, the tarsi darkened at the tip; hind tibiae with short

black bristles ; ungues with the base red and bearing a small tooth ;

femora without bristles. Wings short and broad, greyish hyaline,

with a yellowish tint, which is more intense towards the base and

along the fore margin ; veins thick, yellow, brown outwardly ; small

cross-vein placed a little before the middle of the discal cell ; base

of the second vein opposite to the small cross-vein ; the vein dividing

the second from the third submarginal cell bent at a right angle in

the middle and here with a short stump; the first posterior cell very

broadly open, second and third almost of equal width at the end;

discal cell short and of a very characteristic shape, its posterior

boundary deeply bisinuate, forming with the proximal boundary a

wide W with rounded angles ; in the right wing only of the typical

specimen the middle angle of the W emits an appendix into the cell.

Anal cell broadly open. Prealar hook yellow; basal comb of the

wings yellow.

Type f, from North Nyasa, Lake shore, near Deep Bay,

December 25, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey); a single specimen.

52. Hxoprosopa venosa, Wiedemann (1819).

A single specimen from Nyasaland, Blantyre, April 20,

1910 (Dr. J. E. S. Old), which agrees well enough with

Loew’s description, but has a rather longer proboscis and

the white scales of the abdomen disposed in a somewhat

different manner. The long erect black hairs covering the

upperside of the abdomen are very peculiar.

53. Hxoprosopa lepidogastra, sp. nov.

@. Length of the body (of 5specimens) 12-13 mm., of the wing

11-12 mm.

A very distinct species owing to its quite narrow and elongated

discal cell and the conspicuous patches of black scales on the sides of

the abdomen.

640 Prof. Mario — Report on a Collection of

Head wholly black ; face projecting, the hairs black, with a black

fringe, towards the margins of the mouth; frons narrow for a

female, clothed with long black hairs and sparse yellow pubescence,

which is also to be seen on the face ; occiput with short grey pubes-

cence and white tomentum at the indentation of the eyes. Antennae

black, long; first joint twice as long as the second, which is globular

and sometimes of a dark reddish colour; third joint narrow, elon-

gate, twice as long as the two basal joints together ; style short, only

half as long as the third joint, bearing a distinct terminal bristle.

Proboscis black, a little projecting. Thorax and scutellum black ;

the hairs of the collar and of the sides are yellow; pleurae clothed

with black hairs, but on the propleurae there is a golden yellow

tuft ; metapleural tufts black; the bristles are long and black.

Squamulae black, with a white fringe ; halteres black, with greyish

knob. Scutellum with long marginal black bristles. Abdomen

entirely black; first segment with a tuft of yellow hairs on the sides,

the others showing only black hairs ; the bands of tomentum on the

segments are yellowish before and whitish behind ; the patches of

large black scales are on the sides of the segments from the second

to the last. Venter black-haired ; spines of the female genitalia red.

Legs entirely black, with black pubescence and black spines; ungues

black, with the tooth long. Wings long and narrow; the costal

third is blackish, but showing a graduated passage to the posterior

darkened portion ; cross-veins with indistinct dark borders; the

basal comb and the prealar hook are black. No stumps of veins;

small cross-vein placed on the first third of the discal cell and a little

after the origin of the second vein; discal cell very long and narrow,

not broader than the second basal cell; first posterior cell very

narrowed at the end, second and third of equal width ; the trans-

verse vein between the discal and the second posterior cell is very

strongly S-shaped. Prediscoidal spot whitish.

TYPE 9, from North Nyasa, Wovwi stream, near Deep

Bay, May 14, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey); three additional

specimens from West Nyasa, Mulowe and Nsisga (Dr. H.

S. Stannus); another specimen from Nyasaland, Blantyre,

April 25, 1910 (Dr. J. #. 8S. Old).

54. Exoprosopa sigmoidea, sp. nov.

3. Length of the body 12 mm., of wing 13 mm.

A species belonging to the group of E. dimidiata, but very

distinct owing to the strongly S-shaped cross-vein between the discal

cell and second posterior cell.

Head black, with grey pubescence and black erect hairs on the

frons ; face projecting; mouth edges with a pale fringe, with

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 641

short and sparse black hairs. Antennae with the first two joints

of a red colour ; first joint very long ; third joint in the shape of an

elongate cone, as long as the first two together and bearing a style

shorter than itself. Proboscis black, long, but not projecting. Thorax

black ; with the exception of the black bristles, all the other hairs

seem to be yellowish, and those on the metapleura also. Squamulae

of a dark colour, with a yellowish fringe ; halteres with yellow knob

and dark stalk. Scutellum black, reddish at the hind margin, with

black marginal bristles. Abdomen black, reddish on the sides of

second and third segments and yellowish on the venter, which

has only the basal portion of the segments darkened; third seg-

ment with entire transverse band of white tomentum, fourth and

fifth with interrupted bands, the others seem to be all covered

with white tomentum; sides with black hairs. Legs wholly

black, with black pubescence and black bristles, but the hind femora

have yellowish tomentum towards the base; ungues long, with

a very strong tooth. Wings hyaline, one-half brown; the limit

of the dark fore border runs obliquely from the end of the second

longitudinal vein along the middle of the discal cell to the base

of the fourth posterior cell and to the middle of the anal cell.

Prediscoidal spot greyish ; third longitudinal vein very curved at

the end ; first posterior cell not narrowed ; the second vein beginning

opposite to the small cross-vein; second, third and fourth posterior

cells of about equal width. Discal cell longer than in E. dimidiata

and much narrower towards the base; the vein dividing it from the

second basal cell very strongly S-shaped.

TYPE 2, from West Nyasa (Dr. H. S. Stannus); a single

specimen.

55. Exoprosopa dimidiata, Macquart (1846).

I here follow Loew’s definition of this species; but it

seems that the African fauna is very rich in allied species,

some of which are very difficult to distinguish.

The third antennal joint, which was wanting in Loew’s

specimen, is of short conical shape, equal in length to the

first two joints together and as long as the style which it

bears; the first joint is short and black. Loew says that

the pleurae bear also some black hairs, which, however, in

the second specimen are sparse; in my specimen there

are no black hairs; as stated by Loew, the metapleural

tuft is always yellowish.

A single specimen from Uganda, Peta, December 15,

1910 (C. C. Gowdey).

56. Exoprosopa discriminata, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 15.)

642 Prof. Mario — Report on a Collection of

gd. Length of the body 12 mm., of the wing 13 mm.

Very near the preceding, but well distinguished by the characters

given above in the table. This species is perhaps the same as the

aberrant ? specimen of 7. dimidiata described by Loew (I. ¢., p. 276),

chiefly in regard to the form of the discal cell. It seems, moreover,

to be nearly allied to E. sigmoidea described above, of which it is

perhaps only a variety. The two species have a similarly shaped

discal cell ; but the vein dividing it from the second basal cell is

in £. discriminata only slightly curved ; and the black fore border

of the wing is more narrow, being in sigmoidea as broad aa in

E. dimidiata.

Head black, with yellowish scales on the lower portion of the

frons and on the face ; frons black-haired. Antennae with the two

basal joints of a red colour; third joint black, more long and thin

than in EH. dimidiata, shaped as in EH. sigmoidea, the style being

shorter than the joint itself. Thorax with a distinct stripe of

yellowish pubescence on the sides; mesopleurae with some black

hairs; bristles black. Scutellum dark reddish, with yellowish

pubescence and black bristles. Abdomen black; first segment with

white hairs on the sides, the others black-haired ; it seems that the third

segment bears a dorsal band of white scales ; the fourth and fifth have

these scales only on the sides, the sixth and seventh are all covered

with scales. Venter clothed with yellowish pubescence and pale hairs.

Genitalia black, yellowish at the end. Legs entirely black, with

black pubescence and with black bristles. Wings longer than in

E. dimidiata ; the black pattern is more narrow, reaching only the

first third of the discal cell; this cell is almost three times as long

as broad, and much narrowed before the base (in dimidiata only

twice as long as broad, and not narrowed towards the base); its

exterior vein is only slightly curved ; the first posterior cell is much

narrowed at the end.

Type ¢, from Nyasaland, Fort Johnston, April 2, 1910

(Dr. A. H. Barclay) ; a single specimen.

57. Hxoprosopa luctifera, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 16.)

?. Length of the body 12 mm., of the wing 12 mm.

Very near H. dimidiata, but characterised by the black meta-

pleural tuft.

Third joint of the antennae of the same short conical shape as in

E. dimidiata ; basal joints black. Thorax with the hairs of the

collar only yellow, those on the pleurae entirely black. Scutellum

with reddish hind margin. Squamulae with a dark fringe. Ab-

domen black; the white clothing seems to be disposed as in

HE. discriminata. Spines of the genitalia yellow. Legs wholly

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 648

black, with black hairs and bristles. Pattern of the wings as in

dimidiata ; shape of discal cell intermediate between dimidiata

and discriminata ; first posterior cell less narrowed at the end.

TyPE ? and another 2 specimen from West Nyasa,

Vitiya and Mzimba, June and October 1909 (Dr. HZ. S.

Slannus).

58. Hxoprosopa argyrophora, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 17.)

¢. Length of the body 9 mm., of the wing 8 mm.

A very small species near E. dimidiata, but distinguished by its

silvery abdomen. Head black, with scanty pubescence and black

hairs on the frons. Face short, conical ; proboscis not projecting ;

antennae with the two basal joints black, the first with black hairs

and short, third joint wanting. Thorax black and black-haired,

with some grey hairs on the collar. Scutellum black, dark reddish

at the hindedge. Halteres with a white knob. Abdomen black, the

venter and the sides of the second to the fourth segments are yellowish ;

first segment with white hairs on the sides ; second, third and fourth

segments all covered with dense silvery scales and with white hairs

on the sides; the remaining segments are black, with sparse white

scales and black hairs. Legs black, the tibiae dark reddish ; hind

claws short and with a small tooth. Wings as in E. dimidiata, but

the black pattern more narrowed, filling only the basal third of the

discal cell ; direction of the veins as in siymoidea, but the discal cell

is more regular and its exterior cross-vein is not S-shaped.

Tyre g, from West Nyasa, Momberas district,

November 1909 (Dr. H. S. Stannus) ; a single specimen.

59. Exoprosopa argentifrons, Macquart (1855). (Plate L,

fig. 18.)

A single specimen from West Nyasa, May 19, 1909

(Dr. H. S. Stannus), which agrees well enough with the

description. The first joint of the antennae and the legs

are red; the marking on the wing is more brown than

black.

This and the following species belong to the group D of

Loew; but I think that they are best placed with

EL. dimidiata.

60. Exoprosopa scaligera, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 19.)

d- Length of the body 10 mm., of the wing 10 mm.

Allied to the preceding species, but distinguished by the shorter

antennae and the different shape of the wing-marking.

Head black, dark reddish on the face, which bears whitish scales ;

644 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

frons black-haired and with two black cross-bands. First joint of

the antennae short, black and black-haired ; third joint in the shape

of a short cone, of a greyish colour, bearing a style longer than the

joint itself. Face projecting, the proboscis not projecting, Thorax

black, with yellowish pubescence and with black hairs on the sides

anteriorly ; mesopleurae with hairs of amaranthine colour ; meta-

pleural tuft with white and below with black hairs. Squamulae

dark, with a whitish fringe ; halteres with yellow knob. Scutellum

black, with red margin and black bristles. Abdomen black, the

second and third segments narrowly reddish on the sides; pubescence

black, white and yellow; hairs on the sides alternately black and

white. Legs dark reddish, black on the knees and on the last joints

of the tarsi. Wing-pattern like that of EH. ignava, Loew, but with

more indentations at the third, fourth and sixth longitudinal veins ;

the upper corner at the discal cell is hyaline, and in this the species

differs from all the others of the group D. Origin of the second

vein a little before the small cross-vein ; first posterior cell broadly

open, second and third of equal width, fourth broader than the

others; a short stump in the discal cell before the lower apical

corner.

Type 2, from West Nyasa, Ekwendeni (Dr. H. 8,

Stannus); a single specimen.

61. Hxoprosopa jacchoides, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 20.)

¢é. Length of the body 13 mm., of the wing 12 mm.

A black species, with extensive black markings on the wings,

recalling that of EH. jacchus; the first abdominal segment bears on

the sides tufts of black hairs (not white, as usual),

Head black: frons black-haired, the dark yellow tomentum

forming a cross-band towards the middle. Antennae entirely black,

the two first joints black-haired, the third of short conical shape, as

long as the style. Face strongly projecting; proboscis as long as

the mouth. Thorax black and clothed with predominantly black

hairs, those on the collar being yellow; bristles black; pleurae

black-haired, the metapleural tuft entirely black. Squamulae dark

brown, with a white fringe, which is brownish in its exterior angle ;

halteres dark, with whitish knob. Scutellum black, reddish at the

hind margin, with black bristles. Abdomen black, reddish towards

the sides and at the apex; the first and the following segments

bear on the sides black hairs only; white scales are to be seen on

the sides of the second, fourth, fifth and sixth segments, the third

bearing an entire cross-band and the seventh being entirely covered

with these scales ; there are also black scales in the middle of the

—

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 645

segments ; genitalia dark yellow ; venter dark, with black and pale

hairs. Legs dark reddish, with black pubescence and black bristles.

Wings with black veins ; discal cell twice as long as broad, narrowed

towards the middle, obtuse at the end; first posterior cell little

narrowed. The wings are blackened from the extreme base to the

end of the first longitudinal vein; from here the border runs

obliquely and sinuously to the vein dividing the second from the

third posterior cell at the hind margin of the wing; apex of the

first submarginal cell hyaline, as also the apical half of the second

posterior cell ; a small hyaline oblique spot in the discal cell before

its end; third and fourth posterior cells each with a hyaline spot

near the hind margin, which are fused together and in contact with

the spot in the discal cell; apex of the axillar cell subhyaline.

There are small yellowish spots at the cross-veins, chiefly on the

small cross-vein and on the base of the second longitudinal vein,

which originates a little before it ; prediscoidal spot small, whitish ;

small cross-vein placed before the middle of the discal cell.

Tyre f, from Northern Nigeria, Zungeru, February 5,

1910 (Dr. J. W. Scott Macfie) ; a single specimen.

62. Lxoprosopa lacta, Loew (1860).

A very well characterised and elegant species, distin-

guished by the prevalent yellow colour of the body, the

rounded and not projecting face, the brown and yellow

pattern of the wings, showing broad pellucid spots on the

cross-veins and two broad blackish bands fused together

at the hind margin.

A specimen from North Nyasa, Makongwa, February 12,

1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey).

63. Exoprosopa punctulata, Macquart (1840). (Plate L,

fig. 21.)

This species is, without any doubt, the same as that

described by Loew under the name of LZ. rasa (1860). It

represents the type of a natural group of closely allied

species, with which are to be associated the following:

E. major, batrachoides, stannusi and capnoptera. The

characters of this group are :—

Abdomen of conical shape, pointed at end; body elongate, short-

haired, without black hairs on the pleurae, and without silvery spots

or bands on the abdomen ; face little projecting; third antennal

joint of conical shape, bearing a style not longer than itself; pro-

boscis short. Wings rather narrow and long ; the vein dividing the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PaRT IV. (JAN.) UU

646 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

second from the third posterior cell much shorter than the inferior

vein of the discal cell and not placed on the same line with this ;

discal cell obtuse outwardly, with the basal angle more or less

developed ; small cross-vein placed at the middle or a little before

the middle of the discal cell, the origin of the second longitudinal

vein always taking place before it. Wing-pattern very simple, con-

sisting only of a narrow brownish fore border and some small spots

on the cross-veins.

Of #. punctulata (= rasa) there are in the collection

five very similar specimens from North Nyasa, Karonga to

Fort Hill, near Chikweta’s village, May 31, 1909 (Dr.

J. B. Davey); also a § specimen taken between Deep Bay

and Vua, May 14, 1909, by the same collector. The spines

of the female genitalia are yellow.

64. Hxoprosopa major, Ricardo (1901).

A single specimen from Nyasaland, Marimba, Kam-

bindingo, January 20, 1910 (Dr. J. b. Davey), which

agrees very well with the description of Miss Ricardo ; the

original locality was Fort Johnston, also in Nyasaland.

65. EHxoprosopa batrachoides, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 22.)

g 2. Length (of 6 specimens) of the body 18-20 mm., of the

wing 16-17 mm., of the wing-expanse 34-40 mm.

A very large and robust species, closely allied to the preceding,

but characterised by the red legs and different colour of the

abdomen,

Head red, with yellow tomentum ; a black spot on the occiput,

near the vertex, sometimes wanting; frons with dense yellow

pubescence towards the base of the antennae and very few black

hairs near the vertex. Antennae short, the two basal joints red, the

first bearing yellow hairs ; third joint black, a little longer than the

style. Proboscis black, little projecting ; hind margin of the eyes

very broad. Thorax black, clothed with short yellowish-grey hairs,

absolutely without any black hairs, the bristles alone being black.

Squamulae very large, dark red, with a yellowish fringe; halteres

with whitish knob and reddish stalk. Scutellum red, with a com-

plete row of strong marginal black bristles. Abdomen entirely red,

without black cross-bands ; there are rounded basal black spots in the

middle of the second, third and fourth segments, which are of decreas-

ing size ; the first segment is black, with lateral tufts of whitish hairs.

Venter covered with whitish tomentum. The hairs of the abdomen

are very short and greyish, with scattered black hairs on the sides

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 647

near the hind margin of the segments ; last segment with a very

dense marginal black fringe. Genitalia of the male of larger size,

red, with yellow hairs; genitalia of the female with red spines.

Legs dark reddish, but the tarsi and the hind femora are darkened ;

claws red at the base, witha red tooth ; bristles and pubescence black.

Wings hyaline, with yellowish veins, which are darkened only near

the end ; basal comb very large, dark reddish and with a short black

fringe ; the base and the costal cell brownish ; the subcostal and the

first basal greyish ; the small cross-vein and those on the base of fourth

and third posterior cells (this last only near the extreme base) are

narrowly margined with fuscous. First posterior cell a little nar-

rowed at the end, the three others of almost equal width ; the first

posterior cell is very narrowed near the base ; the nervure dividing

the discal from the third posterior cell is very sinuous ; small cross-

vein placed in the middle of the discal cell.

Type f and §, and three additional specimens from

North Nyasa, near Deep Bay, October 3 and 4, 1909 (Dr.

J. B. Davey); another ¢ specimen from Nyasa, October 21,

1910 (Dr. J. E. S. Old).

66. Hxoprosopa stannusi, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 23.)

gd. length of the body (of 5 specimens) 15-16 mm., of the wing

14-15 mm.

A species also near EH. major, but with red legs; distinguished

from the preceding by the smaller size and the black antennae.

Head black, reddish only on the face, on the lower portion of the

frons and along the margins of the mouth ; hairs of the face yellow,

those on the frons black; antennae short, black, the first joint

clothed with black hairs; the third greyish, conical, with the style a

little shorter. Proboscis black. Thorax black, with yellowish hairs

and some black hairs in the middle of the back; bristles black ;

squamulae yellowish and with a yellow fringe; halteres whitish.

Seutellum black, with black marginal bristles. Abdomen yellowish-

red, with grey pubescence; venter concolorous; a broad median

black stripe which extends from the first to the sixth segment;

moreover there are black cross-bands, with black tomentum at the

hind margin of the segments ; the hairs along the sides are pale, but

there is a tuft of black hairs on a line with the black cross-band of

each segment ; last segment with a black fringe. Genitalia red,

with yellow and black hairs. Legs paler yellowish-red, the tarsi

darkened and the claws with a red tooth ; knees black ; bristles

black, but the tomentum is yellowish. Wings greyish hyaline, the

base and the fore border to the fourth longitudinal vein, extending

UU 2

648 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

obliquely from the end of the second vein to the small cross-vein,

dark brown. Isolated brown spot and shape of the cells as in

E. batrachoides.

TYPE f and four additional specimens from West Nyasa,

Viyiya and Limpachi River, October and November 1909,

all collected by Dr. H. S. Stannus, in whose honour the

species has been named.

67. Exoprosopa capnoptera, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 24.)

?. Length of the body 18 mm., of the wing 17 mm.

Very near the preceding and perhaps the female of it; but it

seems to be distinct, being darker and having different wings.

The hairs on the collar and on the sides of the thorax are golden,

not grey. Halteres with blackish knob. Abdomen black, being

only narrowly reddish on the sides; the hairs of the sides are all

black, only the basal tuft of the first segment being, as usual, white.

Spines of female genitalia dark yellow. Legs dark red, the coxae

and the tibiae being in part blackened. Wings uniformly clouded

with a clear brownish-black tint, the base and the costal cell being

yellowish-brown ; cross-veins very lightly margined with fuscous.

Wing-veins as in E. batrachoides, but the first posterior cell broadly

open and the vein dividing the discal from the third posterior cell

less sinuous.

TYPE 9, from West Nyasa, hills, October 1909 (Dr. HS.

Stannus); a single specimen.

68. Hxoprosopa penthoplera, sp. nov. (Plate L, fig. 25.)

3 2. Length of the body (of four specimens) 13-14 mm., of the

wing 13-14 mm.

In the venation this species agrees with those of the punctulata

group, but differs in the shape of the abdomen, which is not conical.

Head black, narrowly pale yellow along the mouth edges alone ;

face rounded, not projecting ; hairs black. Antennae with the first

joint black and black-haired, the second reddish, the third dark

reddish, of elongate conical shape, bearing a short style. Thorax

black, the hairs of the sides yellow, those on the pleurae also, with

some black hairs intermingled ; metapleural tuft yellow ; squamulae

dark, with a yellow fringe ; halteres with whitish knob. Scutellum

black, with reddish margin and black marginal bristles. Abdomen

entirely black, on the underside also ; it isnot well preserved, but it

seems to be clothed with whitish tomentum and black hairs, the lateral

tufts of the first segment being white. Legs black, the tibiae dark

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 649

yellowish ; claws yellow at the base, with a small tooth. Wings

broad and long, greyish hyaline, the anterior half darkened, its limits

being irregular and not, sharply defined; the veins are a little

margined with fuscous. Venation asin the preceding species, but

the origin of the second longitudinal vein opposite to the small ecross-

vein ; the first posterior cell is, moreover, not so narrowed at the base.

Type ¢ and 2, and two additional specimens from North

Nyasa, bush near Wovwi stream, November 27 and 28, 1909

(Dr. J. B. Davey).

69. Hxoprosopa heterocera, sp. nov.

?. Length of the body 11 mm., of the wing 10mm.

A black species with unspotted wings, readily distinguished by the

colour and the shape of the third antennal joint, which approaches

to that of the species of Thyridanthrax of the group represented by

T. elegans.

Head black, with white tomentum and with black erect hairs

on the frons ; face projecting, with white hairs on the sides; occiput

with argenteous scales at the margins of the eyes ; proboscis black,

not projecting. Antennae with the first two joints short, black, the

first with short black hairs; third joint very long, more than twice

the first two together, of linear shape, not pointed, obtuse at the tip,

with a very minute less distinct style; its colour is yellow, darkened

towards the end. Thorax black, with grey hairs and black bristles ;

hairs on the pleurae white. Halteres black, with the knob white

below. Scutellum black, yellow at the margin. Abdomen black,

with white tomentum ; first segment with tufts of white hairs on

the sides; spines of the female genitalia long, dark yellow. Legs black,

black pollinose and with black spines ; hind claws small, yellow at

the base, with a small tooth. Wings uniformly smoked, the second

posterior cell and the base of the discal cell beinga little more clear ;

base and costal cell yellowish-brown, first basal cell and the middle

of the subcostal cell darkened. Small cross-vein placed before the

middle of the discal cell, the second longitudinal vein beginning

opposite it ; first posterior cell a little narrowed at the end, second

and third of almost equal width ; discal cell not broader than the

second basal cell, which equals it in length; third posterior cell

very short. Veins yellow towards the base, blackish at the end ;

basal comb black, very small.

TyPE 2, from North Nyasa, Marimba, near Chia River,

January 21,1910 (Dr. J. L. Davey); a single specimen in

not very good condition.

650 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

70. Lxoprosopa villaeformis, sp. nov.

d 2. Length of the body (of 6 specimens) 17 to 18 mm., of the

wing 16 to 17 mm., of the wing-expanse 36 to 38 mm.

A robust species of larger size, with entirely hyaline wings, much

resembling a Villa.

Head black, the frons, with exception of the vertex and the face,

reddish ; mouth edges whitish ; occiput near the indentation of the

eyes with a broad band of silvery scales; frons with yellowish, face

on the sides with silvery, tomentum ; the frons bears short but dense

erect black hairs; the face shows white hairs on the sides. Face

rounded, not projecting ; proboscis not projecting; frons of the

female at the vertex one anda half times broader than that of the male

at the same point. Antennae very far apart from each other and very

short; the two basal joints are black (or, when denuded, reddish), of

equal length, the first bearing very short black hairs; third joint

onion-shaped, the broad portion not longer than the first two joints

together and as long as the styliform portion ; the style almost as

long as the whole antenna. Thorax black, reddish on the sides;

the hairs on the collar and on the sides are yellow, those on the base

of the wings are white ; bristles black ; hairs on the pleurae entirely

white. Squamulae yellow, with a white fringe ; halteres yellowish.

Scutellum reddish, with black marginal bristles. Abdomen black,

reddish on the sides and on the venter ; there are on the segments

cross-bands of black, yellow and whitish tomentum ; the hairs of

the sides are alternately black and white ; venter clothed with white

scales and hairs. The form of the abdomen is characteristic ; it is

flattened, of rectangular outline, but the last segments are contracted,

forming a cone; male genitalia symmetrical ; spines of the female

genitaha blackish. Legs red, whitish pollinose and black spinose; tarsi

and tibiae somewhat darkened ; hind claws with a small tooth. Wings

hyaline, the base narrowly yellowish and the costal cell yellowish-

grey ; origin of the second vein opposite ora little before the small

cross-vein, which is placed before the middle of the discal cell; third

posterior cell very long; second basal cell short and broad. Easal

comb very large and yellow, like that of Villa.

Type gand ? and four other specimens from North

Nyasa, Deep Bay, Kaporo, Wovwi River and Mwiniwanda

Valley, October to November 1909 (Dr. J. b. Davey).

71. Exoprosopa minois, Loew (1869).

Some specimens from North Nyasa, Nyungwi stream

and Lake shore, October to November 1909 (Dr, J. £.

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 651

Davey), which agree well enough with this Mediterranean

species.

72. Exoprosopa hypomelaena, sp. nov.

@. Length of the body 10 mm., of the wing 8 mm.

A small species with hyaline wings, very closely allied to the

preceding but differing in the following points.

Third antennal joint broad at the base, afterwards attenuated into

a point, which ends in a style as long as this point. Lower half of

pleurae and breast clothed with black hairs. The four front tibiae

are yellow. Wings with the base and the costal cell only a little

grey, almost hyaline ; the direction of the veins is the same, but the

anal cell is more narrowed at the end.

Type 9, from West Nyasa, Chinktu, October 1909

(Dr. H. 8. Stannus) ; a single not well preserved specimen.

73. Exoprosopa (?) inornata, Loew (1860).

A single specimen of very doubtful determination, from

West Nyasa, Limpachi River, November 1909 (Dr. Z. 8.

Stannus).

74. Exoprosopa sp. indet.

A single badly preserved and wholly denuded specimen

of a species very near £. iris, Loew, from North Nyasa,

Fort Hill, September 26, 1909 (Dr. J. B. Davey).

16. Hyperalonia, Rondani (1868).

This genus seems to be somewhat plentiful in South

Africa; in the collection there are four species, which

belong to two very distinct groups.

The first group embraces the species which have red,

more or less darkened, legs and extensive brown markings

on the wings, which are often all darkened and with strong

metallic reflections. Hind claws with an obtuse tooth.

Discal cell very much twisted, pointed outwardly, the vein

dividing it from the second posterior cell being very

sinuous and placed almost in the same direction as the

axis of the wing; second posterior cell broader at base

than at apex. ‘To this group belongs the species H. rufa,

Wied., from the Cape; vittata, Ric., from Nyasa; nigri-

pennis, Loew, from Mozambique; helena, Loew, from

Egypt, and venus, Karsch, from Zanzibar.

To the second group belong the species which have

652 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

black legs, the tibiae more spinose and with longer spines,

the hind claws with an obtuse tooth which it is often very

difficult to see; the wings are hyaline or with much less

developed markings. The discal cell is not twisted, in the

shape of a trapezium, and the vein dividing it from the

second posterior cell is straight and almost perpendicular

to the longitudinal axis of the wing; second posterior cell

broader at apex than at base. The species are H. sisyphus,

Fabr., from Guinea; alula, Bezzi, from Erythraea; and

perhaps monacha, Klug, from Arabia.

The species in the collection can be distinguished as

follows :—

1 (6). The vein dividing the discal from the second posterior cell is

very sinuous, oblique and almost of equal length with that

dividing the same cell from the third posterior cell; wings

with extensive black markings or all darkened.

2 (5). Wings entirely darkened or blackish; second basal cell with

a very small whitish spot in the upper corner, which often

is very indistinct.

3 (4). Head, abdomen, basal joints of the antennae and legs red,

wings brown, with the cross-veins shaded . vittata, Ric.

4 (3), Head, abdomen, antennae and legs black; wings blackish,

with the cross-veins not distinctly shaded

nigripennis, Loew.

5 (2). Wings broadly hyaline at apex and towards the axillar cell ;

second basal cell with a very large subquadrate hyaline

spot, which extends over almost all its apical half

thyridophora, sp. n.

6 (1). The vein dividing the discal from the second posterior cell is

straight, almost perpendicular, and very much shorter than

that dividing the same cell from the third posterior cell ;

wings entirely hyaline, with a narrow brown fore border

along the costal cell. - : : sisyphus, Fab,

75. Hyperalonia vittata, Ricardo (1901).

Ten specimens of this species, which seems to be

common in Central Africa; they agree very well with the

description of Miss Ricardo, and one was besides compared

with the type by Mr. E. E. Austen. The great variation

in size of this species has already been mentioned by Miss

Ricardo ; of the specimens here recorded, the largest

measures 19 mm. in length of the body and about 40 mm.

in wing-expanse ; the smallest 11 mm. and 24 mm. respec-

Bombyludae (Diptera) from Central Africa. 653

tively. I think that the distinction of H. vittata from

rufa, Wied., is not an easy matter.

Five specimens from North Nyasa, Kaporo, Deep Bay

and Mwiniwanda, June and October 1909 (Dr. J. B.

Davey) ; three specimens from Northern Nigeria, Zungeru,

November 5, 1910 (Dr. J. W. Scott Macfic), and Dinia

River, November 26, 1910 (J. J. Simpson); two specimens

from Uganda, Oeta, December 15, 1910 (C. C. Gowdey).

The type-locality was Fort Johnston in Nyasaland.

76. Hyperalonia nigripennis, Loew (1852).

A single specimen from Northern Nigeria, Gau, Decem-

ber 17, 1910 (J. J. Simpson). This species seems to be

widely spread over Central Africa, as I have seen also a

specimen from the Belgian Congo. Basal comb of the

wing black. All the hairs of the sides and underside of the

thorax and abdomen are of a golden yellow colour, which

renders them conspicuous on the black ground-colour of

the body. The metallic reflections of the wings are very

strong, and in this the species agrees with H. helena,

Loew, of which I have seen specimens from Erythraea.

77. Hyperalonia thyridophora, sp.nov. (Plate L, fig. 26.)

2. Length of the body 18 mm., of the wing 20 mm., of the wing-

expanse 44 mm.

A very distinct species, which I shall name, although the single

specimen is without a head. The wing-pattern recalls that of H.

venus, Karsch (1887), which has also a large hyaline spot in the

second basal cell; but this last species shows also hyaline spots in

the discal, anal, and third and fourth posterior cells, which are

wanting in my species. ‘The re-description of the species given by

Speiser in 1907 seems to apply to some different species, perhaps

of the group of FE. apicalis, Wied.; at least in the species to be

described here the tibiae are not pennate.

Thorax black, clothed with grey hairs and with some scattered

black hairs on the sides; collar and pleurae with entirely yellowish

grey hairs, also on metapleural tufts; bristles black. Squamulae

yellowish, with a white fringe; halteres black, with paler knob.

Scutellum dark red, narrowly black at base, with marginal black

bristles. Abdomen black, the segments being narrowly yellowish at

the hind border; hairs of the colour of those on the thorax, but each

segment bears on the sides at the hind margin some black hairs,

which are more numerous on the last segments; under the hairs

654 Prof. Mario Bezzi’s Report on a Collection of

there is whitish tomentum., Venter black, the first segment reddish,

clothed with short whitish hairs; spines of the female genitalia

yellowish red. Legs black, the tibiae reddish, with black pubescence

and black spines; hind claws with a very small tooth. Wings

blackish brown, the apex broadly hyaline ; the limit of the black

marking runs outwards from the end of the costal cell over the apex

of the first sub-marginal to the apex of the third posterior cell at the

hind margin. There are less distinct pale clouds on the apex of the

discal cell, on the third and fourth posterior cells and on the middle

of the anal cell ; the axillar cell is entirely hyaline; the large hya-

line spot in the second basal cell is very conspicuous. Basal comb

of a dark reddish colour and with black pubescence. Origin of the

second longitudinal vein a little before the small cross-vein, which

is placed at the middle of the discal cell ; first posterior cell very

narrow in its whole length and narrowed at the end; second and

third of about equal width at the apex, the fourth being broader ;

discal cell very pointed outwardly, the vein between it and the

second basal cell being sinuous; this last cell is in shape an almost

regular rhomb, the vein dividing it from the third being almost

straight, not sinuous as in H. vittata. The wings are longer than

in the allied species.

A single specimen, without head, from Nyasaland, Dowa

(Dr. J. B.S. Old).

78. Hyperalonia sisyphus, Fabricius (1805).

A very distinct species, not recognised as Hyperalonia

in the Catalogues.

My #. alula (1906) from Erythraea is an allied species,

characterised by the argenteous bands on the abdomen

and the brown clouds on the wings.

Six specimens from North Nyasa, Deep Bay to Vua, and

Bundi village, Fuliwa, May 13-14, 1909 (Dr. J.B. Davey) ;

two other specimens from Fort Johnston, June 12, 1910

(Dr. A. H. Barclay).

Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa.

PAGE

Anastoechus hyreanus, Wied. 610 |

r meridionalis, |

306 Ula A 2 al

7 nitidulus, Fabr. 610 |

- retrogradus, |

Beck. 610 |

Anthrax aygulus, Fabr. . 621 |

» camptocladius, sp.n. 622

» confusemaculatus,

Macq. 7 621

» conspurcatus, Wied.. 621

», diffusus, Wied. 621

= « messi; Wied. 621

», homogeneus, sp. n. 622

5, leucogaster, Wied. 623

»» maculipennis, Macq. 621 —

5 pithecius, Fabr. 621 |

» pusillus, Wied. 623

5 simson, Fabr. 621

» spectabilis, Loew 621

» tigrinus, de G.. 621

volitans, Wied. 623 |

Arg gyr ramoebc, vide Anthrax 620

Bombylius micans, Fabr. 606

+f ornatus, Wied. 607

Chionamoeba . s 615 |

Dischistus capito, Loew . 611

» diadematus, sp.n. 610.

» hirtus, sp. n. 611

- seriatus, Wied. 611

Eurycarenus laticeps, Loew 613

Exoprosopa apicalis, Wied. 653

5 argentifrons,

Macq. 643

<5 argyrophora,

sp. n. ‘ 643

Re batrachoides,

sp. n. 646 |

a capnoptera, sp.n.. 648

" dimidiata, Macq.. 641

: discriminata,

sp. 0. 641, 642

” heterocera, sp.n.. 649

a hypomelaena,

sp. n. : 651

“5 ignava, Loew 644 |

INDEX

OF THE GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS

MENTIONED IN THE TEXT

655

PAGE

Exoprosopa inermis, sp. n. 638

a inornata, Loew 651

| +4 iris, Loew 651

' jacchoides, sp.n. . 644

& jacchus, Fabr. 644

laeta, Loew 645

es heer

sp. n. 639

i luctifera, sp. n. 642

i major, Ric. 646

°, minois, Loew 650

| ps penthoptera,

| sp. n. : . 648

5 punctulata, Maeq. 645

x rasa, Loew . 645

‘5 scaligera, sp. n. 643

sigmoidea, sp.n.. 640

. stannusi, sp. n. 647

59 umbrosa, Loew 638

rs venosa, Wied. 639

- villaeformis,

sp. n. 650

| Heterostylum. 613

| Hyperalonia alula, Bezzi . 654

Bs helena, Loew 651, 653

- monacha, Klug. 652

| , nigripennis,

Loew 651, 653

“4 rufa, Wied. 651

. sisyphus, Fabr. 654

3 thyridophora,

Spo ce 653

" venus, Karsch 651

vittata, Ric. 651, 652

Isotamia (¢ (gen. n.) daveyi

sp. n. 627, 628

Litorrhy nehus ars ayrolepis,

sp. n. 631

a basalis, Ric. 630

a dentiferus,

spss 632

% dilatatus, sp.n. 634

3 erythraeus,

Bezzi . 634

a5 macropterus,

Loew . 630

656 Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Central Africa.

PAGE

Litorrhynchus nyasae, Ric. . 630 | Systoechus albidus, Loew

ss perplexus, 9 autumnalis, Wied.

Spon: os 634 “s ctenopterus, Mikau

5 repletus, sp.n.. 633 -n ferrugineus, Macq.

+ ricardoi, sp.n.. 631 *5 leucophaeus, Meig.

ap rostratus, Loew 633 £ melanopogon

“A senegalensis, sp. 1.

Macq. oat % mixtus, Wied.

tollini, Loew . 634 | # oreas, Ost. -Sack.

Lomatia belzebul, Fabr, - 614 | 5 robustus, sp. n.

sf gigantea, sp. n. 614 simplex, Loew

», lnornata, Loew (1854) 613 | Thyridanthrax abruptus,

_ inornata, Loew (1860) 613 Loew .

» lvewi, nom. n. . 614 | 4 afer, Fabr.

* longitudinalis, Loew 614 - elegans, Meig.

Molybdamoeba decipiens, ‘3 fenestralis,

Sp. nN. 5 GD Macq.

t incisuralis, is fenestralis,

Macq. . 618 Wied.

i inquirenda, 6 fenestratus,

var. n. = ols Fall

49 leucopogon, | - leucoproctus,

sp. n. . 618 Loew .

us mixta, Loew. 618 | i linea, Loew

5 punctipennis, | - macquarti,

Wied. > 618") SPiSlavs

a tripunctata, | 3 melanopleurus,

Wied. » /GL9"| sp. n.. ,

Petrorossia fulvipes, Loew . 616 | vagans, Loew

- gratiosa, sp. n. . 616 | Villa albescens, Loew

Be hesperus, Rossi . 615 | ,, dizona, Loew

5 letho, Wied. . 616 | ,, flavescens, Loew

3 longitarsis, Beck . 616 ; humilis, Ruthe

Sisyrophanus homeyeri |) \ gs. axon, Habr:

Karsch . «Old | ie, lasiaseWaeds

- leptocerus, sp. n. 612 5, paniscoides, sp. n.

5 (?) pachyceratus 5, paniscus, Rossi

Big, ; 5 Gils 5 sexfasciatus, Wied.

* pyrrhocerus

SOs Uh 3)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE L.

[See Explanation facing the PLarE.]

PAGE

607

609

608

609

607

608

627

625

626

625

627

626

627

625

624

625

624

625

bo po Ww wb pw

a we

bo Ww

EXPLANATION OF PLATE L.

Systoechus robustus, sp. Dov. 3.

Lomatia gigantea, sp. nov. $.

Anthrax homogeneus, sp. nov. 8.

» camptocladius, sp. nov. 8.

Thyridanthrax macquarti, sp. nov. 2.

eS melanoplewrus, sp. nov. §.

Isotamia (gen. nov.) daveyi, sp. nov. §.

Litorrhynchus basalis, Ric. +.

53 nyasae, Rie. 3.

x ricardoi, sp. nov. £.

Hs dentiferus, sp. nov. +.

“s repletus, sp. nov. 3.

= tollini, Lw. 4.

Petrorossia gratiosa, sp. nov. x 3.

Exoprosopa discriminata, sp. nov. 3.

- luctifera, sp. nov. 3.

5s argyrophora, sp. nov. $.

_ argentifrons, Macq. 4.

3 scaligera, sp. Nov. 7.

9 jacchoides, sp. nov. 3.

3 punctulata, Macq. 3.

5 batrachoides, sp. nov. .

es stannusi, sp. Nov. £.

4 capnoptera, sp. nov. £.

. penthoptera, sp. nov. 3.

Hyperalonia thyridophora, sp. nov. 4.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., rgrt, Plate L.

H. Knight de. C. Hentschel.

AFRICAN BOMBYLIIDAE.

(657)

XXVIIL Parthenogenesis in Worker Ants, with special

reference to two colonies of Lasius niger,

Linn. By W. C. CRAWLEY, B.A., F.E.S.

[Read November 1st, 1911.]

Ir is generally assumed, according to the theory of

Dzierzon, that unfertilised eggs of the honey-bee always

develop into ¢s, and fertilised eggs into Gs and fs. Eggs

laid by worker bees, which have no spermatheca, will

therefore produce 3s only.

This theory has been applied by some authors to ants,

without sufficient investigation, It is a well-established

fact that S ants lay eggs. Lespes (1863) indeed asserted

that such eggs never came to maturity, but Forel (1874)

records Gs of Formica sanguinea laying eggs which

produced Zs. Denny showed that Gs lay eggs, and

Dewitz (1879) maintained that the gs habitually lay

eggs,

* ‘Lubbock (1890) carried out careful observations on

queenless colonies of Formica cinerea, F. fusca, Polyergus

rufescens, and Lasius niger, and found that eggs were laid

by the $s, but only ¢s were produced from these eggs.

In colonies of /. fusca, and F. sanguinea with fusca

slaves, I have often observed the §s to lay eggs, but no

ds came to maturity in any of the nests, and the sanguinea

Qs appeared to devour most of the eggs almost as soon as

they were laid. The first indication that eggs laid by 3

ants might produce Gs as well as fs seems to be in a

paper by Reichenbach (1902). Reichenbach obtained

some three hundred Gs and two or three dozen fs from

the eggs laid by a small queenless colony, containing only

a few Gs, of Lasius niger. Mrs. Comstock (Wheeler, 1903),

obtained similar results with ZL. niger var. americanus.

In a recent paper (1909) Janet criticises Reichenbach’s

experiment, suggesting that he should repeat it, taking the

most minute precautions against error. Janet himself

made attempts to obtain $s from & eggs with no less

than thirty queenless colonies of several species, under

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART Iv. (JAN. )

658 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

varying conditions and food supply, but in every case

where the eggs came to maturity they were fs.

On reading these papers it occurred to me that certain

hitherto inexplicable phenomena mentioned in a paper

some years ago (Crawley, 1900) might be explained by

this fact of worker-eggs producing 9s. In 1896 I had a

fair-sized colony of Lasius niger in captivity. This colony

lost its queen through an accident, soon after the ants

were established in their “ Lubbock” nest. The queen

left a large quantity of eggs. To quote from the above-

mentioned paper:—“I had at the time (August 1896)

a solitary fertile Lasiws wmbratus queen, and finding that

when placed in a pill-box with several Z. wigev Gs she was

not attacked, I put her into the queenless nest of LZ. niger.

.. . The little black ants received her eagerly, and she

was very shortly established as queen of the nest... .

During the year 1897 all the eggs and larvae left by the

old niger queen hatched, the last brood of larvae having

lived through the previous winter, but in that year and the

next, though I paid careful attention to the nest, J was

unable to trace any of the offspring of the L. wmbratus queen

to maturity. As the 9s of LZ. wmbratus are bright yellow,

and those of “. wiger are black, there is no possibility of

confusing the two.” I may mention that I had observed

the wmbratus queen lay eggs during 1897, and numbers of

larvae lived through the winter of 1897-8, yet during

1897 and 1898 all the ants (several hundred 9s) that

reached maturity in the nest were L. niger. The niger 3s

must therefore have devoured the wmbratus eggs or larvae,

which is not surprising, since in 1899, when the wmbratus

eggs were at last allowed to reach maturity, the young Gs

were all killed and eaten, or divided among the larvae as

food, by the niger 9s, within a few days of hatching. The

queen used to spend a long time licking the eggs and

larvae, an unusual proceeding for a queen ant.

At the end of the paper I wrote that this acceptance of

an alien queen by a queenless colony of another species

might throw some light on the origin of slayery among

ants. ‘This has now been demonstrated by Wheeler and

Wasmann.

In another paper (Crawley, 1909) before describing the

second similar case of LZ. niger and umbratus of 1908, I

recapitulated the principal facts of the 1896 colony, with a

few important additions from my notebook :—“No eggs

Parthenogenesis in Worker Ants. 659

were laid by the queen in 1896 (in my experience the 9s

of L. umbratus do not lay till the year following impregna-

tion), and the niger larvae left by the old queen lived

through the winter and began to change into pupae at the

beginning of June 1897. On June 26th the wmbratus

queen began to lay, and by August Ist there was a large

quantity of eggs laid by her” (and also, as the results show,

by the niger 9s). “The larvae from these eggs lived

through the winter. On May 31st, 1898, the first larva in

the nest changed into a pupa, and by the end of July

there were about one hundred pupae in the nest. On

August 2nd twenty pupae hatched, the young ants all

being L. niger Os.” This result being inexplicable to me,

as I took it for an established fact that if eggs had been

laid by the niger 9s the resulting perfect insects would

have been fs, I tried to explain it by assuming an error in

my records, as follows :—“ It is clear that there is an error

in my records here, for it is hardly possible that larvae

from niger eggs laid in 1896 could have lived till 1898

before completing their metamorphoses. I have recorded

giving the nest some niger pupae on August 6th, but some

must have been given to the nest before August 2nd.”

However, in view of the identical results obtained with the

other similar colony from 1908 to 1910, where there was

no possibility of error, I think that there was no mistake

here, and that the results were due to parthenogenetic eggs

laid by the niger 9s producing 9s. The following year, 1899,

hundreds of L. wmbratus $s came to maturity in the nest,

and were all, as stated above, killed by the niger 3s. No

niger OS appeared after 1898. In 1900 the wmbratus 9s

began to hatch in July, and this time were not molested by

the nigers, and by July 18th there were twenty alive and

carrying pupae about the nest. This interesting colony

unfortunately came to an untimely end, as I was obliged to

leave it in other hands for more than two months, and

found on my return all the ants dead except the queen,

who died shortly afterwards. There was not a single niger,

or remains of one, to be found in the nest, though there

were hundreds of dead wmbratus 8s.

During the four years this colony was in my possession

not a single f of either species made its appearance.

Again, in September 1908, I had a queenless colony of

L. niger which accepted a fertile wmbratus 2 as queen on

September 19th. I was determined that there should be

660 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

no possibility of te in this case, and the most care-

ful records have been kept. This colony had no brood of

any kind, so to occupy the numerous 9s I gave them some

niger eggs. All these eggs became larvae before Novem-

ber 1908, and no eggs were laid by the wmbratus queen or

the niger Gs during that year. By the end of April 1909

most of these nzger larvae were more than half-grown, and

a few nearly ready to pupate, and on May 4th there were

seven eggs in the nest. I did not see them laid, so was

not certain whether they were workers’ or the queen’s eggs.

On May 7th, however, the abdomen of the queen was

considerably swollen, and I observed her in the act of

laying. From this time till late in June | repeatedly saw

her depositing eggs, though I never succeeded in seeing a

niger & doing so. The first nager larva pupated on May

12th, and on the 30th there were over fifty pupae. The

queen was often seen to lick the eggs herself, but none

hatched till June 20th, when I observed a number of very

small larvae. This was about six weeks after the first

eggs were laid.

On June 25th there was a fair number of these small

larvae side by side with the eggs. From July 11th till

August 9th, 1909, the nest was under the care of Mr. A. H.

Hamm, of the Oxford University Museum, who took

special care that no eggs, larvae or pupae of any species

were introduced into the nest. On August 9th, when I

took back the nest, the queen had apparently ceased to

lay, as her abdomen was its normal size; and there were

numbers of larvae of all sizes, a few changing into pupae,

and several newly-emerged niger 3s. I observed numbers

of niger 9s hatch daily till August 24th, by which time

there could have been very few, if any, of the last year’s

neger larvae which had not already pupated, as all the

remaining larvae in the nest weresmall. From August 24th

till October 3rd, 1909, during my absence in America, Mr.

Hamm again most kindly took charge of the nest, and

assures me that no young of any species of ant was put

into the nest.

The nest contained, on my return, many half- and three-

quarter-grown larvae (in which condition they passed the

winter), a few pupae, and a large quantity of eggs, much

larger than had been in the nest on August 24th. As the

queen had to all appearance ceased laying by that date,

many of these eggs may have been laid by the niger 9s.

Parthenogenesis in. Worker Ants. 661

There was no sign of wmbratus Ss. The last pupa came to

maturity on October 22nd, 1909, and was a niger 9. No

males had appeared.

The colony passed the winter of 1909-10 in good con-

dition, the larvae, as usual, remaining unchanged in size till

the beginning of April 1910. On the 5th of that month

one larva was nearly full-grown, but it was not till May

22nd that eleven larvae spun their cocoons. The following

day this number had increased to twenty, and to more

than sixty on the 24th.

The wmbratus queen began to lay again on May 26th,

some three weeks later than the previous year, but she

laid many more eggs, and her abdomen became greatly

distended.

Finally, on July 2nd, 1910, the first pupae hatched.

There were six newly-hatched Gs of a pale grey colour at

11.25 pm. The following day the young ants had not

quite attained their full colour, but they were unmistak-

ably niger. On July 7th there were between fifty and

sixty newly-hatched Gs, none being wmbratus, On the 17th

I took a number of these young Gs, some still pale, and

some nearly full-coloured ones, and a few of the old niger

Ss, and sent them to Dr. Forel for identification. A few

days later I received an answer from him stating that all

the ants I had sent him were Lasius niger purus, and

drawing my attention to Reichenbach’s paper mentioned

above.

By Auecust 14th, 1910, all the pupae had hatched, and

there were about 100-200 eggs, many small larvae, and

two or three half-grown larvae. All the new Gs were

of a uniform size, somewhat smaller than the normal

L. niger.

During last autumn I talked the matter over with Mr.

H. Donisthorpe, who kindly communicated with Father

Wasmann. In his reply, Wasmann suggested having some

of the 3s dissected to see if any of them possessed a

receptaculum seninis. Mr. G. H. Grosvenor, of the Oxford

University Museum, very kindly undertook this task, and

dissected twelve Gs of various sizes from the colony. In

none of them was there a receptaculum seminis.

There can be little doubt that we have to deal here with

a genuine case of parthenogenesis, confirming Reichen-

bach’s experiment, and helping to prove that eggs laid by

3s of some species can produce Gs and not fs. It is note-

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IV. (JAN.) XX

662 oe W. C. Crawley on

worthy that not a single ¢ has been produced in either

colony.

The further history of this colony, together with that of

the former one, tends to show that the egg-laying capacity

of the Gs is not of very long duration, lasting two seasons

at most, while the life of the § may be from three to seven

years.

The first eggs of this year were laid on May 10th, six-

teen days earlier than in 1910, and the first larva (from

last year’s eggs) reached the pupal stage on May 30th, and

on June 7th there were about fifty pupae. On July 11th

I found four callows in the nest, all of a yellow colour, and

unmistakably Z. wmbratus. On the 15th there were over

thirty. By July 27th this number had increased to over

one hundred, and there was no sign of any hostility towards

them on the part of the niger Os.

It is curious that while the young wmbratus $s devoted

their attention almost entirely to the care of the larvae, the

niger Ss alone surrounded the wmbratus queen.

At the present moment (October 12th, 1911), the

umbratus Os, as far as can be judged, shghtly outnumber

the nigers, and the latter still pay more attention to the

queen than the ants of her own species. Not a single

niger has hatched in the nest this year. From the number

of the larvae, presuming these tu be exclusively wmbratus,

as is almost certain, the niger population of the colony will

be outnumbered by at least four to one next year.

Allowing for the increased mortality among the more

active niger in nature, it would seem that it takes four

to five years for a colony founded in this way to become

exclusively wmbratus. In this particular colony the total

number of deaths from natural causes among the niger

from September 1908 to September 1911 was 416, and

there are still over 800 niger Ss alive in the nest.

It has been suggested by Wheeler (1909) that the usual

sterility of ds is influenced by their being constantly in a

state of semi-starvation, nearly all the food they obtain

being given to the larvae. Thus in the second colony

(No. 2) the workers were without larvae to tend from July

to October 1908, and therefore all the food was consumed

by them. But in the first colony (No. 1) this was not the

case, as the nest contained larvae from the first.

It appears also that in certain species when a colony is

deprived of its queen several workers become fertile. It

Parthenogenesis in Worker Ants. 663

is possible that the presence of an alien queen with delayed

fertility might bring about asimilar result, since the queens

of LZ. niger, which tound their nests themselves, begin to

lay a few days after impregnation, whereas the queens of

L. umbratus do not lay for eight or nine months after.

I wish here to express my cordial thanks to Mr. Donis-

thorpe for his valuable help with the bibliography, and in

getting the dissections done. The latter was of great

importance, as it proved that the Gs could not have been

fertilised.

Bibliography.

Avebury, Lord (Sir J. Lubbock).—* Ants, Bees, and Wasps,”

1890.

Comstock, Mrs. quoted by Wheeler in “Some New

Gynandromorphous Ants,” Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.

Hist. 19: 676, 1903.

Crawley, W. C—* Alien Queen Ant,” “Science Gossip,”

vol. vi, No. 72, May 1900; “ Queens of Lasius wmbratus,

Nyl., accepted by colonies of Lasius niger, L.,’ Ent.

Mo. Mag., 2nd series, vol. xx, 1909.

Denny.—Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd series, vol. i, p. 249.

Dewitz, H.—Zeit. f. wiss. Zool., xxvii, p. 536.

Donisthorpe, H. St. J. K.—‘Myrmecophilous Notes for

1909,” Ent. Rec., vol. xxi, No. 11, 1909, p. 258.

Fielde, Miss A. M— Observations on the Progeny of

Virgin Ants,” Biol. Bull., 9, pp. 355-360.

Forel, A.—* Les Fourmis de la Suisse,” 1873, p. 329.

Janet, O.— “Sur la parthenogenese Arrhénotique de la

Fourmi Ouvriere,” Mem. Soc. Ac. de l’Oise, 1909.

Lespes, C.—Ann. des Sci. Nat., 1863, iv, xix, p. 241.

Reichenbach, H—“ Ueber Parthenogenese bei Ameisen,”

Biol. Cent. xxii, 15, vii, 1902, N. 14 and 15, pp. 461—

465.

Wheeler, L. M.—Science, N. 8. 18: pp. 880-833, 1903.

Ants, L9LO:

x X 2

- ( 664 )

XXIX. Heperiments on the Formation of Colonies by Lasius

fuliginosus @ 9. By Horace Sv. J. K. Donis-

THORPE, F.Z.S., and W. C. CRAWLEY, B.A.

[Read November 15th, 1911.]

IN a paper read at the meeting of the Entomological

Society of London on December 7th, 1910, Donisthorpe

stated that it was our intention to carry out experiments

with queens of Lasius fuliginosus and observation nests of

L. wmbratus. This we have now done, and the following

paper shows the results of our investigations. Our object

was to find out if small wmbratus colonies would accept

Juliginosus 22 as their queens. We may state at once

that in this we have been quite successful. It may, how-

ever, perhaps be as well to recapitulate the facts that led

us to make this inquiry, before giving the details of our

experiments.

In 1908 de Lanoy published the fact that he had found

in 1904 at Knoche-sur-Meér in Belgium, a large colony of

Lasius fuliginosus in which workers of Z: miztus (a sub-

species of wmbratus) were present, and that subsequently

in 1906 he had found several other colonies of fuwliginosus

containing mixtus workers.

Forel and Emery then expressed the opinion that the

meaning of the presence of these strange workers was

that a fertile 2 fuliginosus had entered a nest of mixtus

to found her colony; that she had been accepted by the

workers of the latter, and that the mixtus 2? had either

died or been killed. In the course of time, the /wliginosus

brood being reared, the mzxtus workers had died off, and

the few found in the nest were the last survivals of the

original mixtus colony.

In 1909 Wasmann accepted this interpretation, and

pointed out that subterranean nests of mixtus and wm-

bratus are frequently found at the foot of trees close to the

nests of fuliginosus, and that he had often seen workers

of these yellow Zasiws among the black fuliginosus. He

urged those naturalists who have the opportunity to

make experiments with these ants.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IV. (JAN.)

Formation of Colonies by Lasius fuliginosus. 665

In 1910 Crawley records that in 1898 he frequently

saw workers which must have been wmbratus in a large

colony of fuliginosus, and that they sometimes saluted

each other when they met. Donisthorpe records that in

1897 he found a large colony of /uliginosus in a hollow

tree at Lymington, and that wmbratus was living with it,

both species coming in and going out together.

Wheeler, when describing an ant from Japan, which he

considered might be the 6 female of /uliginosus, refers

to the above records, and states that they clearly indicate

that this method of colony foundation is actually adopted

by fuliginosus queens in a manner analogous to that

employed by the North American and European Formicae

of the rufa, exsecta and microgyna groups when they enter

nests of /. fusca and incerta.

In 1911 Donisthorpe points out that fuliginosus often

founds new colonies by branch nests as in the rufa group,

which accounts for the fact that in a district where /ulz-

ginosus occurs, so many colonies are often to be found.

He states that the ? is unable to found her own colony,

and that she enters a nest of wmbratus, and is accepted

by them. He also mentions that on September 20th,

1900, Mr. Tuck of Bury St. Edmunds sent him a worker

of uwmbratus taken in a nest of fuliginosus in an old

horse-chestnut stump in that neighbourhood.

In Switzerland, in May 1905, Crawley observed workers

from a colony of fuliginosus dragging dedlated females

back into their nest after the marriage flight. He took

a dozen of these 2, and isolated some and put others

with $9 from their own nest; but none made any attempt

to excavate cells or found colonies in any way, and in a

few weeks all had died.

On July Ist, 1910, we dug up a bagful of refuse from

a large nest of L. fuliginosus in a hollow oak at Darenth

Wood. It contained a number of 99, larvae, and a large

number of ¢f and winged 29. This nest was divided

into two portions, each containing an approximately equal

number of ff and 22. During July most of the winged

2, and all the fg, died or were killed by the $9, but

about a dozen 2? were found with their wings removed.

As some of these 22 subsequently laid a large quantity

of eggs, it is highly probable that they had been fertilised

in the nest by their brothers. Individuals selected from

these dealated 2 2 were used in our experiments.

666 H.St. J. K. aoe and W. C. Crawley on the

On December 8th, 1910, we visited a nest of wmnbratus

at Weybridge, which was in the ground under the old

root of a tree. This contained a number of $9 and a lot

of winged 29, but we were unable to find a deiilated

queen. It was unfortunate, as it would have been very

interesting to prove if the wmbratus § was killed either

by the fuliginosus 2, or herown 39. However, we intend

to carry out further experiments when the wmbratus 2 is

present in a nest.

We took about 400 $9 and 30 winged 29, which we

divided into two lots, and established them in two separate

‘Crawley ” plaster nests.

Experiment No. 1.

On December 10th, 1910, a detlated fuliginosus 2 was

introduced into the first chamber of wmbratus nest No. 1.

The wmbratus 99 had already killed and cut up five of

their own winged 2 2. The fuliginosus 2 endeavoured

to join the wmbratus 99 at once, forcing her way into

dragged her by the jaws through the passage into another

chamber ($9 always drag their own 2 by the jaws, not by

the legs or antennae, when they wish her to move into

another place). Eventually she was attacked by many

39, held by the legs and antennae, and was dead in the

evening. As will be seen, she was not attacked at once

or in the same way as is a strange ant in another nest.

For instance, one of the wmbratus 2 ? was introduced into

the fuliginosus nest. She was instantly set upon and

killed in a few minutes.

Experiment No, 2.

On December 13th a dealated /uliginosus 2 was put

into a small single-chamber plaster nest with a dozen

umbratus 39 taken from “Crawley” nest No. 1. She was

threatened by the $9 with their jaws, and a little attacked.

She never tried to run away, but always approached the

O98 and endeavoured to conciliate them. She stood still

when attacked by a §, and stroked and caressed it with

her antennae. When aQ endeavoured to bite at her

waist she protected it by crossing her hind legs over her

back, and when at the neck by pressing the head back

close against the thorax. By December 20th, the 39

having been increased to 22, and all seeming to be

‘ormation of Colonies by Lasius fuliginosus. 667

reconciled to the 2, she was introduced with them into

nest No.1. <A fresh 9 or two which had not seen her

before threatened her with its jaws, and she was a little

attacked, but one of the old $9 protected her, getting

between her and the others, and pulling them away by

the leg.

On December 21st the 2 was surrounded by a number

of 89.

On December 22nd she was observed to be fed by some

of the $9 whilst others cleaned her.

On December 23rd one § threatened her with its jaws,

and was often pushed away by the others. Another %

held her by the leg for some time.

On December 24th another of the wmbratus winged 2

was killed by the 69. It may be mentioned that when

the wmbratus winged 22 met the fuliginosus 2 they

opened their jaws at her, but did not attack her. When they

meet each other they salute in a rather ridiculous manner.

On December 30th the /wliginosus 2 was quite accepted.

She was always surrounded by a large group of wmbratus

3%, fed by them, and continually cleaned. She stroked

all those near her with her antennae, and seemed per-

fectly happy and contented.

On March 15th, 1911, we exhibited the two wmbratus

nests at the meeting of the Entomological Society of Lon-

don, to show that both colonies had accepted /uliginosus

22 as their queens.

All went well till April, when a number of the wmbratus

89 began to die off in nest No. 1. On April 20th a

further visit was made to Weybridge, and a large number

of 89 were brought home from the old nest, and some 400

were introduced into this nest. The new $9 were quite

friendly with the old ones, but unfortunately they attacked

the fuliginosus 2. She was removed and isolated with

24 of the new 9%. They refused to accept her, and on

April 17th she was still being attacked ; it was impossible

to get her reinstated in the wmbratus nest.

On April 21st she was returned to her own /fuliginosus

nest. The $9 were much excited, and she was much

pulled about. She was eventually lost sight of among

the crowds of ants. It is, however, clear that if so many

new $9 had not been introduced together into the wm-

bratus nest, the fuliginosus 2 would have laid her eggs

and brought up her brood in this nest.

668 H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe and W. C. Crawley on the

On July 13th Wes, of eggs had been laid in the

Juliginosus nest, and on the 23rd a 2 with her abdo'~en

enormously dilated was noticed in the damp chambc. of

the nest, with a large pile of eggs surrounded by 9@.

It may be as well to record that a winged /uliginosus 9,

introduced into the fuliginosus nest, from Oxshott on June

Ist, was at once killed by the 9%.

Experiment No. 3.

On December 10th, 1910, at 1.25 p.m.,a single winbratus

% from the Weybridge colony was placed in a glass-topped

box with a fertile fuliginosus 9. The 9 crept up behind

the 2, touched her abdomen with its antennae, then drew

back. The % again advanced with open mandibles

several times, but did not actually attack the ?, who

remained perfectly quiet. 1.32 p.m. another § was put

in, which behaved in a similar manner to the first.

One of the $6 examined the ?, but neither saluted her,

though she seemed quite friendly. 1.39 p.m. a third &

was put in. 1.41 pm. by way of contrast a winged

umbratus & from the same colony was put with them.

The 95% saluted her, and the /uliginosus 2 behaved to her

just as she had behaved to the $9. Then a & got on the

Juliginosus °’s back and bit savagely at her: she shook off

the 6 and ran away. At 1.50 pm. the umbratus 2 was

removed, and ‘the fwliginosus left alone with the three

wumbratus 93. 1.52 p.m. another ¢ was observed to bite at

the @, who again ran off.

Next morning the four ants were found close together

in the box, apparently quite friendly; so at 11.45 am,

the three $9 were restored to their nest (No. 2 wmbratus

nest), and the /wliginosus 2 put in after them. Ants came

up to her with threatening jaws, but did not actually

bite her. Later, however, one or two got hold of ber

legs, but, except in two cases, did not hold on for long.

Once an ant saluted her: this may have been one of the

three that had been confined with her since the previous

day. At 12.30 pm. a flavus 2 (fertile) was introduced

into the nest for comparison. To our surprise she was

not at once attacked, but soon a 6 fixed on her antennae,

and held on so persistently that the 2 was removed.

Between 1.9 p.m. and 8 p.m. the /uliginosus 2 was observed

to be attacked four times. Whenever she was held by a

leg it was interesting to see how patiently she stroked the

‘Formation of Colonies by Lasius fuliginosus. 669

assailant with her antennae, which method of conciliation

waftigenerally successful. When attacked on the thorax

or 45domen she endeavoured to push off the ant with her

hind pair of legs.

December 12th, at 9.40 am. she was held by an

antenna and a leg, but seemed uninjured. Again at

3.30 3.33, 4.40 and 11.46 p.m. she was attacked and held

by ys and antennae, and once a 9 was seen to pull at

the leg of another S who was attacking the 2. She was

so severely attacked that it was considered advisable to

remove her with four $9 to a small box for the night. At

7.40 p.m. on December 13th, not having been attacked

again, she was restored with the 39 to the nest, and found her

way to the innermost chamber where there were most ants.

She was observed to be held by 36 on three occasions

during the evening. Next day she was observed to caress

a winged wmbratus 2 with her antennae and tongue at

12.15 pm. At 7.15 p.m. she was surrounded by 88, one

of whom pulled at one of her legs, but another was licking

her, and a third saluted her. She caressed the assailant

with ber antennae and forelegs. Later in the evening

other ants were seen to salute her. December 15th, she

was attacked three times during the day, but there were

generally several ants round her caressing her.

On the 16th she was only attacked once, and the next

day she was seen to be on the wall of one of the chambers

with a circle of ants round her, behaving as they do to

their own queen. There was no sign of any attacking

at all.

The whole of the next day, December 18th, she spent

in this position, and seemed thoroughly at home. She

remained in the same place on the side of the chamber

for a whole week. It was curious to compare the calmness

with which this 2 was received by the somewhat phleg-

matic wmbratus, with the excitement with which a colony

of Lasius niger receives an wmbratus queen.

On March 22nd, 1911, the § din the colony of fuliginosus

from which the above-mentioned queen had been taken,

having nearly all died, a second fuliginosus queen was

taken and put into the umbratus nest at 10.30 p-m. She

found her way into one of the inner chambers, but drew

back nervously from the first ants she met. They, how-

ever, were so friendly that she lost her fear and went

among them. Only one or two opened their mandibles

670 Hy st Io Pe and W. C. Crawley on the

on meeting her, and most saluted her at once. It was

a complete and almost instantaneous acceptance. At

10.40 p.m. a fuliginosus 8 was put into the nest. She

remained absolutely quiet till 10.56, all the time sur-

rounded by wnbratus 93. They then began to attack her,

and she was removed at 11.10 p.m. A fertile wmbratus 2

from a different colony, put in the nest at 10.45 p.m., was

not attacked till 10.56, when she was seized by several 9%,

and so was removed at 11.10 p.m. A niger 2 was intro-

duced at 11.1 p.m., and was almost immediately attacked.

At 11.40 p.m. the second /fuliginosus @ found her way to

the innermost chamber, and began to caress the original 9,

who was, of course, her sister, and they generally remained

together afterwards. The colony now consisted of 157

umbratus 99 and two fuliginosus 2 2.

During April 1911, two more /fuliginosus queens were

put into the nest, and were received just as readily as the

second. They both belonged to the same colony that the

first two had come from. On May 9th one of these two

new 22 (which had been in a feeble condition from the

first) died. On the 11th, at 8.45 p.m., several wmbratus 99

from a colony at Wellington College were put into the

nest, which, it will be remembered, consisted of ants from

a colony at Weybridge. These $9 were received in a

perfectly friendly way, so about fifty more were put in, and

were also received. At 10.15 p.m. two of the new-comers

were attacking one of the three /uliginosus 2 2, and again

at 10.25 and 10.40 p.m. It was necessary to compel them

to release the 2. No further attacks were seen that day

or the next,so twenty more $9 were putin. One almost

immediately began to attack a 2, and on two other occa-

sions during the day the 2¢ were attacked. At 4.40 p.m.

on May 12th, as the new-comers seemed to have become

reconciled to the presence of the alien 29, the remainder

of the wmbratus 99, about thirty in number, were intro-

duced. At 5.6 one 2 was being pulled by a leg, and at

5.40 another was held by an antenna, but no more attacks

were made. Workers from a colony at Woking were also

received amicably. On May 19th one of the 22 was

removed and placed in the nest of a queenless colony of

her own species, LZ. fuliginosus. She was attacked con-

tinuously in a desultory fashion, but made no attempts to

conciliate her assailants by caresses. Next day she was

still being dragged about, so at 2.5 p.m. she was restored

Formation of Colonies by Lasius fuliginosus. 671

to the wmbratus nest. Here she was at once attacked by

five ants, so was removed and placed in a separate chamber

with three wmbratus to allow her to get rid of the fult-

ginosus odour, but she was still attacked by one of the

three. As she was again attacked the following day on

being restored to the nest, no further attempt was made

to induce the colony to take her back.

In time the abdomens of the two 2? began to become

distended, and on the 17th there was a batch of about

twenty eggs. These eggs were added to from day to day,

and the queens’ bodies became enormously distended so

that they appeared like semi-transparent whitish sacs,

with narrow bands of black.

On August 9th the eggs began to hatch, and the larvae

grew rapidly in size and numbers, At the moment of

writing (November 13th, 1911) there is a large number of

half-grown larvae, which should, all being well, pupate

early next spring.

Several times during the past summer L. niger pupae

have been given to this colony, to try and ascertain

whether the wmbratus 83 had any friendly instincts re-

maining towards the species in a colony of which they,

in all probability, began their existence. The pupae

were always readily carried in, but seemed to be left too

long before being opened, with the result that the $9

were dead or crippled when they did emerge. However,

several lived for some time, but seemed to be bullied

by the wmbratus. There are now two niger $9 in the

nest, apparently in a perfectly healthy condition, and

unmolested by their hosts.

It would have been more satisfactory in some ways

if this paper had been delayed until the larvae had

pupated and hatched. But as we have now proved for

the first time the hypothesis that LZ. fuliginosus 22 can

be accepted by colonies of LZ. wmbratus and bring up their

young with the aid of their hosts, it seemed of greater

importance to put the facts on record at once.

Crawley has already demonstrated (1909) that queens

of L. umbratus (the other British parasitic species of this

genus) do not lay eggs until the year following impreg-

nation. We have now shown that is also the case with

L. fuliginosus, as the 2 § fertilised in July 1910 did not

lay till June and July 1911.

The queens of both these species are smaller in com-

672 Formation of Colonies by Lasius fuliginosus,

parison with their 66 than the queens of the rest of the

genus, and have large heads and small bodies. It is clear

that 29 with delayed fertility and such a small store of

body fat could not possibly exist without assistance during

the two years that must elapse between their impregna-

tion and the appearance of the first $@ from their eggs.

In short, this proves that queens of this species are unable

to found colonies by themselves.

Appended is a list of all the literature on the subject

known to us.

Crawley, W. C—(2) “Queens of L. umbratus, Nyl., ac-

cepted by colonies of Z, niger, L.” Ent. Mo. Mag.,

xx, 1909, pp. 94-99.

(4) “ Workers of Lasius flavus (LZ. wmbratus) among

Lasius fuliginosus.” Ent. Record, xxii, 1910,

pp. 67-99.

Donisthorpe, H. St. J. K—(2) “Myrmecophilous Coleo-

ptera in 1897.” Ent. Record, 1897, p. 246.

(42) “On the Founding of Nests of Ants.” Ent.

Record, 1910, p. 8.

(45) “Temporary Social Parasitism and Slavery in

Ants.” ))"Trans. Wnt. .0c,,-lLond. . 191.12 Pi ae

pp. 180-181.

Emery, C.—‘ Remarques sur l’existence de Lasius mixtus

dans les fourmilieres de ZL. fuliginosus.” Ann. de la

Soe. Entom. de Belgique, lii, 1908, p. 182.

Forel, A.—Lettre a la Soc. Ent. de Belgique, li, 1908,

p. 180.

Lannoy, de-—“< Notes sur le Lasius niger et le Lasius

Juliginosus.” Ann. Soc. Ent. de Belgique, li, 1908,

pp. 47-53. :

Wasmann, H—(172) “Uber gemischte Kolonien von

Lasius-Arten.” Zool. Anzeiger, xxxv, 1909, pp. 130-

141.

Wheeler, W. M—*“An Aberrant Lasius from Japan.”

Biol. Bulletin, xix, 1910, pp. 130-137.

XXX. Descriptions of South American Micro-Lepidoptera.

By EK. Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S.

[Read November 15th, 1911.]

THE following descriptions are taken from examples in my

own collection, received from various sources. Nine genera

and ninety-seven species are described as new.

CARPOSINIDAE.

Jarposina maxima, D. sp.

¢- 35mm. Head pale brownish-ochreous, face suffused with

whitish with a brownish spot on each side, sides of crown whitish-

suffused. Palpi 2?, brown, towards apex suffused with whitish.

Antennae dentate, ciliations 2. Thorax whitish-ochreous suffused

with pale brownish. Abdomen dark grey. Forewings elongate,

somewhat dilated, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen straight,

rather oblique; light brownish-ochreous, with scattered minute

raised white scales, especially on darker markings ; some large tufts

in dise towards base ; some brownish suffusion along veins in dise

and towards termen except on a pale ochreous elongate patch ex-

tending above middle from a scale-tuft on end of cell to termen

beneath apex ; a very undefined flattened-triangular patch of dark

fuscous suffusion extending along costa from base to near apex, and

reaching in middle nearly half across wing: cilia pale ochreous

barred with brownish. Hindwings grey ; cilia light brownish.

CoLomsiA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen. A remarkable new form.

PHALONIADAE.

Phalonia vorticata, n. sp.

Q. 16 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish. Palpi 23,

whitish, with a few fuscous specks, Abdomen whitish-ochreous.

Forewings elongate, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa gently arched,

apex obtuse, termen nearly straight, oblique; 7 to costa; whitish-

ochreous, suffused with white towards dorsum anteriorly ; costa

indistinctly strigulated with grey ; a rhomboidal ochreous blotch

irrorated with black on middle of dorsum, reaching rather more than

half across wing; a moderate irregular ochreous terminal fascia,

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IV. (JAN.)

674 Mr. E. Meyrick on

sprinkled with black except on margins: cilia ochreous-whitish, on

costa spotted with grey. Hindwings grey-whitish; becoming grey

towards apex; cilia white.

ARGENTINA, Parana; one specimen.

) ” Fypea ftonr

Phitheochroa fusifera, n. sp.

g- 13mm. Head, palpi, and thorax ochreous-whitish sprinkled

with greyish-ochreous, palpi 2. Forewings elongate, posteriorly

dilated, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen nearly straight,

somewhat oblique ; whitish-grey, with some scattered blackish-grey

scales, forming dots along dorsum; subcostal scale-tufts before and

beyond 4; arather narrow ferruginous fascia from disc above middle

to middle of dorsum, terminated above by grey suffusion, and on

dorsum anteriorly mixed with dark fuscous ; a pale ochreous patch

extending from this along dorsum to tornus, where it reaches more

than half across wing, enclosing a small dark fuscous spot on dorsum

before tornus, and terminated posteriorly by a pointed-ovate deep

ferruginous blotch extending obliquely upwards from middle of

termen ; extreme apex deep ferruginous: cilia grey-whitish, basal

half deep ferruginous on upper half of termen. Hindwings with 6

and 7 stalked ; grey, towards base whitish-tinged and spotted with

darker ; cilia whitish, with a pale grey shade.

BRAZIL, Sio Paulo; one specimen.

TORTRICIDAE.

Capua aluminias, n. sp.

¢. 27-28 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish partially suf-

fused with pale yellow. Palpi pale yellowish, with a lateral streak

of ferruginous suffusion, terminal joint long. Antennae with short

pectinations terminated by fascicles of long cilia. Abdomen

ochreous-whitish. Forewings moderate, posteriorly dilated, costa

gently arched, without fold, apex round-pointed, termen little

oblique, concave on upper half, somewhat rounded-prominent on

vein 4; ochreous-whitish, suffusedly strigulated with brassy-

yellowish and somewhat sprinkled with brownish ; costal and dorsal

margins suffused with bronzy-fuscous and dotted with white ; dark

bronzy-fuscous dots in dise at + and #; a narrow bronzy-fuscous

fascia from } of costa to dorsum before middle, right-angled in

middle; a narrow bronzy-fuscous fascia running from apex to

dorsum before tornus, sending a less-defined branch from above its

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 675

middle to % of costa; terminal area beyond this tinged with bronzy

and strigulated* with white: cilia brassy-yellowish, on tornus

bronzy-brownish. Hindwings ochreous-whitish, towards base with

a patch of pale ochreous-yellowish suffusion ; cilia whitish-yellow.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November and

December; four specimens.

Capua xylophaea, n. sp.

g. 15mm. Head and thorax brownish partially sprinkled with

dark fuscous. Abdomen light greyish-ochreous. Forewings elon-

gate, costa anteriorly moderately, posteriorly hardly arched, with

moderate fold reaching from base to beyond 4, apex obtuse, termen

nearly straight, rather oblique ; reddish-fuscous, with a few grey

scales ; tufts of scales on submedian fold at { and middle of wing ;

upper half of central fascia moderate, oblique, blackish-grey ; a

small blackish spot in disc before 2; an elongate semioval costal

patch outlined with grey-whitish suffusion and spotted with blackish-

grey ; a blackish transverse strigula in disc at § and another towards

apex, placed in obscure whitish striae, terminal area beyond posterior

stria darker reddish-fuscous : cilia light brownish. Hindwings light

red-brownish, suffused with fuscous towards tornus; cilia fuscous-

whitish with two fuscous shades.

ARGENTINA, Tucuman ; one specimen.

Capua chrysostoma, n. sp.

gd. 22-25 mm. Head and thorax dark ferruginous-fuscous,

minutely sprinkled with violet-whitish. Palpi ferruginous-orange.

Antennal ciliations 13. Abdomen grey. Forewings suboblong,

rather dilated posteriorly, costa anteriorly moderately arched, pos-

teriorly straight, without fold, apex obtuse, termen somewhat bowed,

rather oblique ; dark brown, minutely sprinkled with violet-whitish ;

an undefined dark fuscous or blackish basal patch and central fascia,

confluent on costa, fascia running from } of costa to dorsum before

tornus, rather dilated downwards; four very indistinct dark fuscous

costal spots between fascia and apex, extreme costal edge between

these ferruginous: cilia rather dark ashy-grey, basal half chestnut-

brown. Hindwings and cilia grey.

CoLomMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November and

December ; nine specimens.

676 oe r. E. Meyrick on

Atteria chrysanthema, n. sp.

Q. 23-25 mm. Head black, face and a streak on each side of

crown ochreous-white. Palpi black, with white streaks above and

below. Thorax reddish-orange, three anterior spots and a posterior

mark black. Abdomen reddish-orange, apex black. Forewings

moderate, costa strongly arched, apex rounded-obtuse, termen

slightly rounded, rather oblique; deep reddish-orange ; an ochreous-

white band round costa and termen, narrow on basal half, dilating

posteriorly and on termen occupying } of wing, marked with thick

purple-black bars projecting slightly beyond its edge as follows, viz.

a small one at base and two others near it, one larger at }, then a

small one preceding a larger antemedian one, a large subtriangular

one beyond middle enclosing a white costal mark, a long one from

costa towards apex, broadly dilated on costa and reaching obliquely

% across wing, a subtriangular apical spot only reaching half across

band, and an elongate blotch along lower part of termen and tornus,

enclosing a white terminal dot above tornus: cilia black on bars,

white on interspaces. Hindwings with 5 from below middle of

transverse vein, 6 and 7 nearly approximated towards base ; deep

reddish-orange ; a large purple-black apical spot, three rounded

spots on lower part of termen, a dot above uppermost of these

sometimes confluent with it, and a terminal dot near tornus ; cilia

orange, on spots black, beneath apical spot white.

CotomBiA, San Augustin, 3,500 feet, in September ;

PERU, Yquitos ; two specimens.

Atteria flabellata, n. sp.

2.32 mm. Head reddish-orange, face whitish-orange. Palpi

dark fuscous, internally ochreous-white, terminal joint ochreous-

tinged. Thorax reddish-orange, with a purple-black spot on each

patagium, Abdomen reddish-orange, extreme apex blackish. Fore-

wings rather broad, costa strongly arched, apex rounded, termen

rounded, somewhat oblique; deep reddish-orange; an ochreous-

white band round costa and termen, narrow at base and gradually

dilated, on termen occupying + of wing, marked with thick purple-

black bars projecting somewhat beyond its edge, as follows, viz. five

on anterior half, two beyond middle confluent on lower half, one

from apical portion of costa and apex much enlarged and enclosing

two white dots on margin, a semicircular blotch on median portion

of termen only reaching half across band and enclosing two white

dots on termen, and a semicircular blotch on tornus; a small

purple-black spot at base of wing, two dots obliquely placed in dise

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 677

towards base, and one in disc before middle: cilia ochreous-white,

black on bars. Hindwings with 5 from middle of transverse vein,

6 and 7 nearly approximated towards base ; deep reddish-orange; a

purple-black apical blotch and four terminal spots below it, first

connected with apical blotch, second smallest ; cilia orange, on spots

black, with whitish bars above and below apical blotch and below

first terminal spot.

ECUADOR; one specimen,

Meritastis voluta, n. sp.

¢. 23mm. Head and thorax light grey. Palpi whitish-grey,

terminal joint reddish-tinged. Antennal ciliations 1. Abdomen

whitish-grey. Forewings moderate, posteriorly rather broadly

dilated, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen faintly sinuate,

hardly oblique; light grey ; costal edge reddish, costa beneath this

dotted with dark fuscous ; markings red-brown, edged and partly

strigulated with dark reddish-fuscous ; a rounded blotch on dorsum

towards base, reaching half across wing ; a very large subquadrate

blotch extending on dorsum from middle to tornus and reaching ?

across wing, its upper edge angularly excavated in middle; some

suffusion towards dorsum between these blotches, and two irregular

elongate marks between them and costa; a slender curved fascia

from costa before ? to termen above tornus, separated from preceding

blotch by two whitish strigae with faint reddish interspace: cilia

whitish, with light grey basal shade. Hindwings grey-whitish,

towards apex tinged with fuscous-reddish; cilia whitish, round

apex with greyish subbasal shade.

CoLomBiA, San Antonio, 5,000 feet, in November; one

specimen.

PARAPTILA, n. g.

Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint with rough projecting

scales above and beneath, terminal joint short. Thorax with lateral

erect crest on each patagium and double posterior crest. Forewings

with 3 from angle, 7 separate, to termen. Hindwings without basal

pecten, 3 and 4 connate, 5 somewhat approximated, 6 and 7 stalked.

Allied to Hulia and Cnephasia.

Paraptila argocosma, un. sp.

Q. 24-25 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark ferruginous-fuscous,

Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IV. (JAN.) YY

678 Mr. E. Meyrick on

obtuse, termen slightly sinuate, little oblique ; purplish-slaty-grey,

obscurely striated transversely with whitish-brown ; a small basal

patch outlined by a whitish stria strongly curved in middle, lower

half blackish surmounted posteriorly by a ferruginous spot; a

roundish dark fuscous white-edged spot in disc at 4, and two or

three dots round it; upper half of central fascia moderately broad,

rather oblique, ferruginous-blackish, rising from costa before middle,

its extremity obliquely truncate, followed on costa by a silvery white

triangular blotch, whose apex is sometimes connected with a pale

yellow dot just beyond it; beyond this dot are two or three pale

yellowish dots or marks, connected with it by a streak of blackish

suffusion ; between these and white costal blotch is a triangular

patch of ferruginous suffusion, its apex touching a ferruginous-

ochreous triangular patch occupying upper half of termen, enclosing

an oblique wedge-shaped silvery-white mark whose apex rests on

middle of termen: cilia ferruginous-brownish mixed with purplish-

grey. Hindwings grey, apex tinged with ferruginous-brownish ;

cilia pale grey, with darker subbasal line, above apex with a darker

purple-grey spot.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; two

specimens.

Cacoecia geographica, n. sp.

¢. 25mm. Head and palpi deep ferruginous. Antennal cilia-

tions 1, fasciculated. Thorax light ochreous-brownish mixed with

whitish, collar suffused with dark fuscous, patagia whitish. Abdomen

rather elongate, dark grey. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated,

costa hardly arched, without fold, apex obtuse, termen almost

straight, little oblique; light ochreous-brownish, strigulated with

reddish-fuscous, with violet reflections ; edge of basal patch only

indicated, somewhat bent above middle ; a large triangular dark

ferruginous-fuscous patch extending on costa from before middle to

3 and reaching + across wing, edged posteriorly in middle by a spot

of white suffusion ; an irregular trapezoidal dark ferruginous-fuscous

patch extending over most of termen, lower anterior angle in disc

at 2, upper near costa at +, these and side between them edged with

white. Hindwings dark fuscous.

VENEZUELA, Palma Sola; one specimen.

Hulia craterosema, n. sp.

g.18 mm. Head and thorax whitish-fuscous, thoracic crest

posteriorly dark fuscous. Palpi whitish-fuscous sprinkled with

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 679

dark fuscous. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, posteriorly

dilated, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly

rounded, somewhat oblique; dark fuscous ; a broad ochreous-

whitish streak, tinged with brownish on costa, extending from base

of dorsum along costa to middle, attenuated to a point posteriorly ;

costal edge beyond this ochreous-whitish to apex; an ochreous-

whitish triangular patch, tinged with brownish and_ slightly

strigulated with dark fuscous except at apex, extending along

dorsum from before 4 to beyond tornus and reaching somewhat

more than half across wing, its apex rounded and two upper sides

subconcave ; apical area lighter, suffused with whitish, with several

blackish strigulae : cilia fuscous mixed with whitish, towards tornus

ochreous-whitish. Hindwings grey suffused with whitish towards

costa, obscurely spotted with darker grey; cilia whitish, towards

tornus with a slight greyish antemedian shade.

BRAZIL, Sao Paulo; one specimen.

Hulia zelotypa, v. sp.

¢. 21-31 mm. Head and thorax deep brown more or less mixed

or suffused with dark fuscous, thoracic crest posteriorly ochreous-

whitish. Palpi ochreous-brown or pale ochreous. Antennae strongly

flat-dentate, shortly ciliated. Abdomen grey. Forewings moderate,

rather dilated posteriorly, costa rather strongly arched, apex obtuse,

termen hardly sinuate, slightly oblique ; pale ochreous-brown, with

scattered blackish dots, especially a dorsal series, and two oblique

transverse series posteriorly ; a small dark fuscous basal patch,

narrowed downwards and hardly reaching dorsum ; a broad suffused

ferruginous-brown or dark brown submedian longitudinal streak

rising from this, beyond middle dilated upwards and forming a dark

fuscous spot in disc, thence broadly suffused and extending over

almost whole of termen ; costa marked with two brown dots beyond

basal patch, a triangular brown spot in middle, and a flattened-

triangular brown blotch about ?: cilia ochreous-brown, paler on

tornus. Hindwings light grey, indistinctly strigulated with darker ;

a whitish-ochreous hairpencil lying beneath costa from before 4

to beyond 2, posteriorly lying on a black elongate mark; cilia

ochreous- whitish.

Q. 31-40 mm. Forewings rather more elongate, wholly suffused

with deep chestnut-brown, finely irrorated with purple-whitish,

markings of ¢ indistinctly indicated, basal patch more whitish-

irrorated, edge marked by a white line ; hindwings somewhat darker

grey, without hairpencil and black mark.

MONE

680 Mr. E. Meyrick on

COLOMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November and

December; fifteen specimens (13 f, 2 2). Very similar

to xerophanes, Meyyr. (also referable to Hulia), but forewings

broader, with costa more arched and termen less oblique,

and werophanes is without the hairpencil and black mark

of hindwings.

Hulia sagmatica, u. sp.

d- 23mm. Head white. Palpi light grey. Antennae fascicu-

late-ciliated (2). Thorax white, patagia grey except margin, crest

grey. Abdomen grey. Forewings moderately elongate, posteriorly

dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded-obtuse, termen slightly

rounded, rather oblique ; pale ochreous-grey, sprinkled with dark

grey, irregularly strigulated and striated with white suffusion ;

markings fuscous mixed with dark fuscous ; a small basal patch on

costa, reaching half across wing; a large triangular patch extending

on costa from } to 3, and reaching half across wing. Hindwings

light grey obscurely strigulated with darker, margins obscurely

strigulated with whitish suffusion ; cilia white, with pale grey basal

shade.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen,

Hulia tholeraula, un. sp.

¢.16 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi fuscous, terminal

joint rather long. Antennal ciliations 2. Thorax whitish-ochreous

mixed with fuscous. Abdomen grey. Forewings moderately elon-

gate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, apex obtuse,

termen slightly rounded, rather oblique’; ochreous-grey, partially

tinged with brownish ; basal patch fuscous on costal half, edge very

oblique, separated from costal patch by two irregular white strigae ;

a flattened-triangular fuscous patch extending on costa from before

4 to 4 and reaching half across wing, its apical portion suffused with

brown and dark fuscous; a rather narrow fuscous terminal fascia

strigulated with dark fuscous, space between this and costal patch

striated with white; a dorsal series of small dark fuscous spots

separated by whitish on dorsal edge. Hindwings whitish-grey

strigulated with rather dark grey ; cilia whitish with grey subbasal

shade.

ARGENTINA, Parana; one specimen.

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 681

Hulia isodelta, n. sp.

go @. 18-19 mm. Head and thorax whitish. Palpi whitish,

somewhat mixed with dark fuscous, terminal joint long. Antennal

ciliations of ¢ 13. Abdomen whitish-grey. Forewings moderately

elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse,

termen straight, somewhat oblique; whitish, with scattered dark

-fuscous scales, anterior half somewhat mixed with pale brown-

reddish and olive-greenish ; costa and dorsum dotted with blackish,

costa with several small dark fuscous spots; a purplish-grey tri-

angular patch spotted with blackish extending over median third of

costa and reaching more than half across wing ; a faint curved sub-

terminal streak of grey or greenish-tinged irroration; some dark

fuscous strigulae before termen: cilia whitish mixed and barred

with grey, with a reddish-brown subbasal line. Hindwings in

6 grey-whitish strigulated with grey, in 9 greyer-tinged ; cilia

whitish, with light grey subbasal shade.

CoLomeBiA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; two

specimens.

Eulia conchitis, n. sp.

?.19mm. Head and thorax white. Palpi dark grey, terminal

joint long, its base white. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate,

posteriorly dilated, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly

sinuate, rather oblique ; white ; a small grey basal patch on costa,

reaching 3 across wing, sprinkled with blackish ; a purplish-grey

fascia mixed with yellow-greenish and black, extending on costa

from before } to beyond ?, on dorsum from middle to 3, anterior edge

rather concave, posterior nearly straight, enclosing a white post-

median spot on costa followed by a dot, and a small white spot in

middle of disc; a faint pale yellow-greenish narrow terminal fascia,

on costa somewhat dilated and forming two small blackish-grey spots :

cilia pale brownish, basal half red-brownish, terminal half mixed

with dark grey. Hindwings whitish-grey, suffused with grey in

disc beyond middle and towards apex ; cilia ochreous-whitish.

CoLomsiA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

Ctenopseustis lurida, n. sp.

d. 27-28 mm. Head and thorax pale yellow-brownish. Palpi

brownish mixed with dark fuscous. Antennae with long fascicles of

cilia rising from short projections. Abdomen grey mixed with

682 oe E. Meyrick on

blackish, towards apex reddish-fuscous, Forewings suboblong,

slightly dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched, with strong

fold extending from near base to #, apex obtuse, termen hardly

sinuate, slightly oblique ; reddish-ochreous-brown, more or less

strewn with obscure dark grey dots, towards base paler and more or

less suffused with yellowish ; an oblique darker central fascia and

costal patch faintly indicated but quite undefined ; tornus somewhat

suffused with yellow-whitish, tornal area distinctly dotted with

leaden-grey : cilia dark brown. Hindwings with 6 and 7 connate ;

reddish-fuscous, obscurely strigulated and basal half suffused with

blackish-grey ; cilia whitish-fuscous, with reddish-fuscous subbasal

shade.

CoLomBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November ; five

specimens.

Cnephasia aenigmatica, 0. sp.

dg. 19mm. Head and thorax yellow-whitish sprinkled with

grey. Palpi yellow-whitish, with dark fuscous transverse bands

before and beyond middle. Antennae simple. Abdomen grey.

Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa gently arched, apex

obtuse, termen almost straight, somewhat oblique ; whitish, with a

few scattered dark fuscous scales ; basal area with some scattered

blackish marks and pale yellowish streaks; costa with about ten

pairs of oblique blackish strigulae, whence arise pale yellow grey-

edged marks or streaks, one from } of costa long, running to 3 of disc

where it terminates in a group of blackish marks, next three succes-

sively shorter, converging to same point, those beyond short, irregular;

dorsum suffused with pale yellowish and marked with several

yrregular blackish spots ; a curved subterminal blackish fascia from

near costa to tornus, cut by a series of yellow longitudinal marks.

Hindwings grey ; cilia whitish-grey, with grey subbasal shade.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

Crephasia hyacinthina, n. sp.

gé. 18mm. Head and thorax pale brownish, thorax mixed with

pale yellowish. Palpi violet-grey-whitish, second joint yellowish-

tinged and barred with grey. Antennae simple. Abdomen grey.

Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa gently arched, apex

obtuse, termen straight, little oblique; rather deep bronzy-brown,

irregularly spotted towards margins with yellow suffusion ; eleven

silvery-white blackish-edged costal marks, fifth, sixth, and seventh

produced into oblique strigae ; basal third and dorsal area irregularly

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 683

spotted with silvery-white ; a rather large silvery-white blackish-

edged spot in disc at 3, suffused with pale yellow posteriorly ; some

undefined blackish suffusion beyond this ; three irregular silvery-

white blackish-edged marks above tornus, and three longitudinal

marks resting on upper part of termen: cilia brassy-yellowish with

bronzy-brown basal line, towards tornus largely suffused with bronzy-

brown. Hindwings dark grey ; cilia pale grey, with dark grey sub-

basal line.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

Cnephasia citroleuca, n. sp.

6. 23mm. Head and thorax fuscous mixed with white and dark

fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, apex suffused with whitish. Antennae

simple. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated,

costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen almost straight, little

oblique; dark fuscous suffusedly mixed with ferruginous-brown ;

costa marked with white strigulae, anteriorly paired; markings

silvery-white partially spotted with lemon-yellow suffusion ; two

pairs of irregular subconfluent transverse striae, partly broken into

dots, first running from 4 of costa to middle of dorsum, connected

with base of dorsum by a furcate streak from middle, its second stria

not quite reaching dorsum but continuous with first of second pair,

second pair running from 4 of costa to ? of dorsum, broadly inter-

rupted in middle, with a furcate projection inwards above this, dorsal

edge between these dotted with white ; a group of several dots on

tornus ; cilia rather dark fuscous, barred with white on costa and

tornus. Hindwings grey ; cilia light grey, towards tips whitish.

CoLOMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet,in November; one

specimen.

Cnephasia hydrogramma, vn. sp.

¢d. 24mm. Head and thorax ochreous-brownish mixed with

whitish, patagia with expansible apical scales. Palpi fuscous sprinkled

with yellow-whitish, basal joint pale yellowish. Antennae simple.

Abdomen dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated,

costa almost straight, apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather oblique ;

ferruginous, with light silvery-grey reticnlations, formed by irregular

interrupted streaks on veins and a series of transverse double lines

crossing them, with scattered yellow-green or greenish-yellow scales

in interspaces, and a series of small spots before termen ; costal half

from near base to 3, and costal beyond this largely suffused with

blackish between the reticulations except along termen, and some

684 Mr. E. Meyrick on

slight blackish suffusion on dorsum; asmall elongate ferruginous spot

in disc about middle at ? is surrounded with bluish-silvery except

anteriorly. Hindwings dark fuscous.

DutcuH GuIAna, Paramaribo, in August ; one specimen.

Cnephasia iantha, n. sp.

2. 28mm. Head and palpi brown, face mixed with dark fer-

ruginous-fuscous, Thorax dark ferruginous-fuscous, sprinkled with

purple-whitish, apex of patagia and posterior extremity grey-whitish.

Abdomen grey. Forewings suboblong, costa gently arched, apex

obtuse, termen hardly sinuate, little oblique; ochreous-brownish,

sprinkled with fuscous and partially suffused with ferruginous,

strewn with undefined dots of purple-whitish irroration; an irregular

oblique central fascia and triangular costal patch deep ferruginous

suffused with blackish on costal half of wing, ill-defined and partially

confluent : cilia ferruginous-brown, Hindwings grey ; cilia whitish-

grey, with grey basal shade.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

Cnephasia ranunculata, a. sp.

dg. 21-26mm. Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-fuscous. Anten-

nae with short pectinations terminating in fascicles of long cilia.

Abdomen ochreous-whitish sprinkled with grey. Anterior femora

with expansible hairtuft above from base. Forewings moderate,

posteriorly rather dilated, costa anteriorly moderately, posteriorly

slightly arched, apex rather pointed, termen somewhat oblique,

sinuate beneath apex, rather prominent in middle ; whitish-fuscous,

more or less suffused with ochreous-whitish in disc and towards

termen, with scattered fuscous and ochreous-brownish scales; some

small scattered dark fuscous marks and strigulae; markings dark

fuscous sometimes tinged or mixed with deep green, edged with

whitish ; an elongate spot in dise towards base, attenuated anteriorly

and enlarged posteriorly, and asmall subtriangular spot between this

and costa ; a thick bar running from costa beyond } obliquely more

than half across wing, its posterior side in dise forming a strong

triangular projection obliquely upwards; four small semicircular

spots on posterior half of costa: cilia grey, towards tornus suffused

with ochreous-whitish. Hindwings ochreous-whitish, tinged with

grey towards tornus, with several grey dots on median fold

posteriorly ; cilia whitish.

CoLomBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November and

December ; fifteen specimens.

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 685

Cnephasia clisias, n. sp.

g.14-15mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen whitish-

ochreous, palpi sprinkled with brownish. Antennal ciliations $.

Forewings elongate, rather dilated posteriorly, costa slightly arched,

apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, rather oblique ; pale ochreous

or whitish-ochreous; an outwardly oblique dark brown streak from

dorsum towards base, reaching more than half across wing, suffused

anteriorly ; central fascia moderately broad, oblique, light brownish,

anterior edge nearly straight, suffused with dark brown except

towards costa, posterior edge irregular ; a faint light brownish fascia

from ? of costa to middle of termen; some dark fuscous scales tending

to form minute dots on posterior part of costa, termen, and dorsum :

cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings and cilia pale whitish-ochreous.

ARGENTINA, Parana; two specimens.

Crephasia tenontias, n. sp.

g. 22mm. Head, palpi, and thorax ferruginous, thorax with

well-developed double posterior crest. Antennal ciliations 2.

Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa

gently arched, apex obtuse, termen almost straight, oblique; fer-

ruginous-ochreous, more ferruginous towards dorsum; a dark

ferruginous-brown inwardly oblique bar from dorsum before middle,

reaching submedian fold; a small triangular dark ferruginous-

brown spot on dorsum towards tornus, margined with a few pale

yellowish scales, its apex emitting a faint fine pale yellowish line to

costa before middle, and another nearly parallel to termen, curved

towards costa: cilia ferruginous-ochreous. Hindwings yellow-

whitish, slightly greyish-tinged towards tornus ; cilia yellow-

whitish.

CHILI; one specimen.

CHRYSOXENA, n. g.

Antennae in ¢ bipectinated. Palpi moderate, subascending, with

appressed scales, terminal joint very short. Thorax without crest.

Forewings with 7 separate, to termen. Hindwings without pecten;

3 and 4 connate, 5 approximated, 6 and 7 stalked.

Type auriferana, Busck, Proc. U.S. Mus. XL, 227;

Brazil and Florida.

686 pi EK. Meyrick on

Sparganothis myrota, n. sp.

dg. 20-22 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark ferruginous-brown,

Antennal ciliations long, fasciculated (24). Abdomen fuscous. Fore-

wings suboblong, costa anteriorly strongly, posteriorly slightly

arched, without fold, apex obtuse, termen hardly sinuate, little

oblique, 7 and 8 stalked for } of length; ferruginous-brown, strewn

with small blackish dots and strigulae tending to form transverse

series ; a broad band of purplish-brown suffusion along anterior half

of costa, continued as an oblique central fascia to dorsum before

tornus, and a large triangular similar apical patch, confluent with

this on tornus ; cilia orange, on tornus purplish-brown, Hindwings

and cilia whitish ; 3 and 4 connate.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November ; two

specimens.

Peronea viridescens, n. sp.

g. 27mm. Head and palpi brownish-ochreous, palpi 4, partially

speckled with dark fuscous. Thorax brownish spotted with dark

fuscous. Abdomen fulvous-brownish. Forewings suboblong, costa

strongly arched, slightly roughened with scales, apex obtuse, termen

slightly rounded, oblique ; lilac-brownish, strewn with dark greenish-

fuscous dots and strigulae, coalescing to form three irregular blotches

on costal half anteriorly, and some small eostal spots posteriorly :

cilia brownish-ochreous. Hindwings with 5 parallel; fulvous

tinged with fuscous ; cilia fulvous-ochreous.

Brazit, Novo Friburgo ; one specimen.

Peronea purpurascens, n. sp.

3g ?. 24-28 mm. Head and thorax whitish irrorated with dark

purple-fuscous. Palpi 4, white, externally suffused with dark

purplish-fuscous. Abdomen whitish-grey, in ¢ with expansible

ochreous-whitish hairpencil from each side of anal segment. Fore-

wings oblong, costa moderately arched, more strongly anteriorly,

roughened with scales, apex obtuse, termen straight, rather oblique ;

blue-whitish, suffusedly mixed with purplish-grey, with some scat-

tered black scales; a small pale shining blue mark in middle of

base ; two dark purple-fuscous striae crossing wing at 4, in ¢

coalesced into a blackish streak, second terminated in a tuft on fold ;

a very undefined large blotch of purple suffusion with some blue and

black scales occupying median third of costa and reaching 3 across

wing ; small dark purple-fuscous spots on dorsum before middle and

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 687

at 2, and others above fold just beyond these ; two or three deep

ferruginous strigae before termen: cilia purplish-grey irrorated with

whitish. Hindwings with 5 parallel ; whitish-grey, more whitish

towards base, especially in g, greyer at apex; cilia whitish, with

grey subbasal line.

Perv, Aqualani, 9,000 feet, in December, 1 9, type;

COLOMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet,in November, 1 #. At

first sight much like bryographa, Meyr., but forewings

obviously shorter and broader, without green colouring

(present in all examples of bryographa), tufts less numerous

and differently arranged, with other differences of detail.

Peronea trochilodes, n. sp.

@. 34-36 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark purplish-fuscous,

-palpi 4. Abdomen light fuscous. Forewings suboblong, costa

anteriorly strongly, posteriorly gently arched, with rough loosely

projecting scales, towards base bent over beneath and fringed with

long scales, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, rather oblique ;

brownish, largely suffused with purplish-fuscous; basal patch ochre-

ous-brownish or dark purplish-fuscous, broadest on costa, edge rather

curved, limited by a dark purple-fuscous streak terminated by a

large tuft on fold, base of dorsum marked with a small spot of

metallic-green suffusion ; a more or less developed patch of metallic-

green suffusion beyond basal patch above middle; two or three

blackish dots in disc beyond middle, and sometimes a few green

ecales round them; a small tuft below middle of disc, and another on

fold obliquely beyond it : cilia fuscous irrorated with paler, basal half

spotted with brownish. Hindwings with 5 parallel ; light fuscous,

darker posteriorly; cilia light fuscous, with faint darker subbasal

line.

CoLoMBI4A, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November ; two

specimens.

Peronea marmarodes, n. sp.

¢@. 30-33 mm. Head grey-whitish. Palpi 4, grey sprinkled

with whitish, externally with a streak of dark reddish and blackish

suffusion. Thorax grey mixed with whitish, and on patagia with

dark fuscous. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, costa anteriorly

strongly, posteriorly gently arched, on basal 2 bent over beneath and

fringed with long scales, on posterior % with projections of rough

scales, apex obtuse-pointed, termen hardly sinuate, oblique ;

ochreous-grey, mixed with whitish and sometimes with ferruginous-

reddish ; markings purplish-grey mixed with dark red-brown. and

688 2 E. Meyrick on

sometimes with blackish ; basal patch narrow on costa and broadly

dilated towards dorsum, marked with two or three spots of metallic-

green, and enclosing a large tuft on fold within its posterior edge ;

from this a more or less broad streak extends along dorsum to a

tornal patch reaching on termen to near apex; a triangular patch on

costa from before middle to 4, connected with dorsal streak before

middle by a very undefined fascia spotted with metallic-green ;

cilia grey irrorated with whitish, base spotted with blackish suffusion.

Hindwings with 5 parallel; grey, slightly darker posteriorly ; cilia

pale grey, with darker subbasal line.

CoLomBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; two

specimens.

Peronea limosa, n. sp.

Q?.18mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous mixed with darker

and sprinkled with whitish-ochreous, palpi 3. Abdomen grey.

Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arched,

apex obtuse-pointed, termen slightly sinuate, rather oblique ; whity-

brownish, irregularly strigulated with grey and dark fuscous ; a

large patch of grey suffusion marked with blackish strigulae extend-

ing from } to beyond middle, occupying whole breadth of wing

except dorsum and posteriorly extended as an oblique fascia to

tornus, including a large brownish tuft on fold anteriorly, and

several tufts in disc ; an irregular brownish streak from ? of costa to

termen above tornus: cilia grey irrorated with whitish, obscurely

barred with dark grey irroration. Hindwings with 5 nearly

parallel ; grey, darker posteriorly; cilia pale grey, with darker

subbasal line.

CoLoMBIA, at 4,400 feet, in February ; one specimen.

EUCOSMIDAE.

Eucosma leucodesma, n. sp.

pale grey. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse,

termen somewhat sinuate, little oblique ; ochreous-white; costa

strigulated with dark fuscous; basal patch strigulated with light

grey, outer edge curved, its lower half marked with three small

black spots; apical half of wing grey, strigulated with white on

costa and termen, with several oblique ochreous-brown strigae from

costa, first connected with a series of three brownish spots with some

black scales preceding ocellus, third striga extended to middle of

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 689

termen, fifth reaching termen beneath apex ; a small ochreous-brown

apical spot ; ocellus limited with pale leaden-metallic anteriorly and

white posteriorly, edge of latter streak marked with a black speck :

cilia white, basal half finely sprinkled with dark grey on termen.

. Hindwings with 3 and 4 coincident; whitish-grey, greyer posteriorly;

cilia whitish, with light grey subbasal shade.

ARGENTINA, Parana; one specimen.

Bactra clarescens, n. sp.

do 2. 15-17 mm. Head and thorax pale ochreous. Palpiin ¢2,

in 2 24, fuscous-whitish, more or less slightly infuscated. Antennal

ciliations in ¢ 3. Abdomen ochreous-grey-whitish. Forewings

elongate, rather narrow, hardly dilated, costa slightly arched, apex

obtuse, termen straight, somewhat oblique ; pale ochreous, mixed

with pinkish-ochreous and more or less sprinkled with fuscous ;

costa and dorsum shortly strigulated with dark fuscous irroration;

undefined spots of dark fuscous suffusion in disc at 4 and 3; several

oblique brownish strigae from costa posteriorly ; veins between cell

and termen marked with fuscous lines ; ocellus sometimes containing

two or three short marks of blackish irroration, its margin obscurely

indicated with leaden-metallic: cilia whitish-ochreous, with dark

fuscous basal line and grey postmedian shade. Hindwings grey-

whitish, towards apex suffused with light grey ; cilia whitish, round

apical area with grey basal line.

DutcH GUIANA, Paramaribo, in August and December ;

five specimens.

Argyroploce sediliata, n. sp.

d. 23mm. Head ochreous-white. Palpi porrected, greenish-

grey, terminal joint and apical edge of second ochreous-white.

Antennal ciliations 1. Thorax ochreous-white, mixed with greenish

anteriorly. Abdomen ochreous-grey-whitish. Forewings elongate,

costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, little

oblique ; purplish-grey mixed with pale greyish-ochreous, costa

obscurely strigulated with whitish ; a very irregular undefined broad

median streak of greenish suffusion running from base to apex,

sprinkled with black and on posterior half including an interrupted

streak of black suffusion, a small apical spot of this cut off by a ring

of silvery-whitish strigulation ; dorsal area beneath this wholly

ochreous-whitish, somewhat suffused with greenish towards termen ;

posterior edge of ocellus indicated by a silvery-metallic mark, pre-

ceded by three or four black specks: cilia greenish mixed with

690 Mr. E. Meyrick on

whitish, at apex wil blackish subbasal line. Hindwings with

3 and 4 stalked, 5 approximated at base; grey-whitish, greyer

towards apex ; cilia grey-whitish.

CoLomsiA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

Argyroploce lupata, n. sp.

d. 27mm. Head and thorax brown mixed with darker. Palpi

ascending, dark purplish-coppery-fuscous. Antennal ciliations

minute. Abdomen dark grey. Forewings elongate, posteriorly

dilated, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen somewhat

sinuate, vertical ; light brownish, becoming darker towards costa,

costal edge dark fuscous, posteriorly with pairs of minute whitish

strigulae ; a darker brown dorsal streak edged above by a reddish-

black streak, its upper edge with a short acute projection before

middle, and terminating before tornus in a dilation enclosing a

round pale brown spot and sending a short acute projecting streak

upwards ; ocellus ochreous-whitish edged posteriorly with leaden-

metallic and containing three black dots: cilia light brownish-

ochreous, partially spotted with grey. Hindwings with 3 and 4

connate, 5 closely approximated at base ; dark grey ; cilia ochreous-

whitish, with dark grey subbasal shade.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November and

December ; two specimens.

Argyroploce vermiculata, n. sp.

6.19 mm. Head and thorax pale brownish, partially mixed

with dark fuscous. Palpi ascending, dark purple-fuscous mixed

with ferruginous. Antennal ciliations minute. Abdomen light

grey. Forewings elongate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa

gently arched, apex obtuse, termen straight, vertical; ferruginous-

brown, sprinkled with blackish, and closely vermiculated with rosy-

grey-whitish except towards costa posteriorly and termen; costa

strigulated with blackish and whitish ; upper third of central fascia

brown, with an acute projection on posterior edge, lower extremity

indicated by an oblique blackish spot on dorsum before tornus ; five

violet-leaden-metallic strigae rising from pairs of whitish strigulae

on posterior half of costa, first running out to termen beneath apex

and receiving the other four; ocellus limited with leaden-metallic

and containing three short black dashes edged with ochreous-

whitish suffusion, posterior margin followed by an ochreous-white

streak : cilia ferruginous-brownish with purplish-fuscous subbasal

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 691

line, beyond ocellus suffused with coppery-metallic. Hindwingg

with 3 and 4 connate, 5 closely approximated at base ; grey, darker

towards apex ; cilia ochreous-whitish.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

Argyroploce caveata, n. sp.

Q@. 22mm. Head and thorax ochreous-brown mixed and barred

with purplish-fuscous. Palpi ascending, purplish-fuscous, tinged

with orange-ochreous towards apex. Forewings elongate, posteriorly

dilated, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen faintly sinuate,

vertical; ochreous-brown, with thick irregular shining violet-grey

transverse striae, somewhat strigulated with dark fuscous between

these; costal edge dark fuscous; a dark brown oblique transverse

blotch on middle of costa, not reaching + across wing; five short

oblique blue-leaden strigae rising from pairs of pale costal strigulae

between this and apex, their apices connected ; a bluish-silvery-

metallic transverse mark before middle of termen, edged with pale

ochreous posteriorly, and preceded by two dark brown elongate

dots: cilia light lilac-brownish sprinkled with darker. Hindwings

with 3 and 4 connate, 5 very closely approximated at base ; dark

bronzy-fuscous; cilia fuscous, with darker subbasal shade.

VENEZUELA, Palma Sola; one specimen.

Argyroploce electrias, n. sp.

¢.25 mm. Head and thorax dark fuscous. Palpi rather short,

subascending, fuscous. Antennal ciliations 1. Abdomen dark grey.

Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arched,

apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, almost vertical ; dark fuscous ;

basal area irregularly sprinkled with violet-blue-metallic ; central

fascia rather broad, irregular-edged, blackish-fuscous, posteriorly

edged by a violet-blue-metallic stria rising from a white costal dot ;

a second similar stria near beyond this, partially confluent with it on

lower 3; three posterior short blue-metallic strigae from white dots

on costa ; two irregular blue-metallic streaks enclosing ocellus and

reaching upwards 3 across wing: cilia fuscous, with darker basal

shade. Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate, 5 very closely approximated

at base; dark fuscous; cilia bluish-fuscous, with darker basal

shade.

CoLomBiA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

692 Mr. E. Meyrick on

bree logica, Nn. sp.

gd. 21mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark reddish-brown mixed

with dark fuscous, palpi porrected. Antennal ciliations}. Abdomen

dark grey. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa moderately arched,

apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, vertical ; reddish-fuscous

mixed with grey and sprinkled with pale greyish-ochreous, tending

to form transverse striae ; markings dark reddish-fuscous mixed with

blackish ; a transverse streak indicating edge of basal patch, angulated

above middle and interrupted above angulation ; central fascia

moderately broad, not oblique, but with an irregular streak running

from its posterior edge above middle nearly to a small mark on

dorsum before tornus ; beyond this are two rather thick straight

oblique leaden-metallic striae running into a leaden-metallic spot

which extends over lower half of termen, followed immediately by

an oblique transverse streak composed of an upper triangular and

lower trapezoidal spot connected at anterior angles, not quite reach-

ing termen ; three pairs of pale costal strigulae towards apex : cilia

reddish-fuscous mixed with grey. Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate,

5 closely approximated at base; dark grey; cilia pale grey, with

darker subbasal shade.

CoLomBiA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one _

specimen,

GELECHIADAE.

OXYCRYPTIS, n. g.

Head with appressed scales ; tongue developed. Antennae 3, in

3 simple, basal joint moderate, without pecten. Labial palpi long,

curved, ascending, second joint relatively short, clothed with dense

scales, rough beneath, terminal joint much longer than second,

thickened with dense scales, somewhat roughly expanded posteriorly

throughout and concealing apex. Maxillary palpi very short, fili-

form, appressed to tongue. Forewings with 2 from near angle, 3

and 4 closely approximated at base, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 11

from middle. Hindwings over 1, trapezoidal, termen slightly sinuate

beneath apex, cilia 4; 3 and 4 closely approximated at base, 5

approximated, 6 and 7 connate,

Apparently allied to Gelechia, from which it is dis-

tinguished by the peculiar palpi.

Oxycryptis attonita, n. sp.

g.17 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax light ochreous-brownish,

palpi sprinkled with dark fuscous. Abdomen pale grey, anal tuft

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 693

large, whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, very narrow, costa

gently arched, apex round-pointed, termen extremely obliquely

rounded; brownish-ochreous ; a very obscure oblique brown fascia

from } of costa, not crossing fold; apical half of wing beyond an

oblique line parallel to this suffused with brown; some rough erect

scales along fold from near base to fascia: cilia ochreous-brownish,

mixed with black round apex. Hindwings grey ; a subcostal pencil

of long ochreous-tinged hairs extending from } to 3; a slight pencil

of long hairs lying along lower margin of cell from base; cilia

ochreous-grey-whitish, greyer towards base.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

PARASTEGA, 0. g.

Head with appressed scales ; ocelli absent ; tongue developed.

Antennae #, basal joint elongate, without pecten. Labial palpi very

long, recurved, second joint beneath with brush of rough projecting

scales, terminal joint as long as second, posteriorly expanded with

projecting scales except towards extremities, acute. Maxillary palpi

very short, filiform, appressed to tongue. Posterior tibiae clothed

with long hairs above. Forewings with 2 from towards angle, 3 and

4 stalked, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 11 from middle. Hindwings

over 1, trapezoidal, cilia 3? ; 3 and 4 nearly approximated at base, 5

approximated, 6 and 7 nearly approximated towards base.

Allied to Stegasta, from which it differs by the project-

ing scales of terminal joint of palpi.

Parastega niveisignella, Zell.

(Psorvcoptera niversignella, Zell., Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross, xiii,

aoe, Fl. IV, 106.)

Described from Panama; I have it also from Dutch

Guiana.

Gelechia paphlactis, n. sp.

g. 15mm. Head and thorax white, shoulders with a spot of

black irroration. Palpi white, second joint irrorated with black

except apex, terminal joint somewhat shorter than second, with two

bands of black irroration. Abdomen ochreous-whitish sprinkled

with grey. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, apex

obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded; white, dorsal area tinged

with grey; markings grey suffusedly irrorated with blackish ; a spot

on costa at base, and three others between this and ?; a small spot

on dorsum at 4, two obliquely placed in disc beyond this, and two

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IV. (JAN.) ZZ

694 eo E. Meyrick on

others similarly placed in middle, lower on fold and somewhat

raised ; two or three undefined dots in disc beyond this, and a spot

on dorsum before tornus; a series of cloudy dots round posterior

part of costa and termen, and some irregular marking in apical area :

cilia white, with undefined bars of dark grey irroration. Hindwings

1, grey, paler and thinly scaled towards base ; cilia grey-whitish.

BRAZIL, Sao Paulo; one specimen.

Anacampsis chrysoplaca, n. sp.

Q. 18mm. Head shining dark purple-bronze, face and supra-

orbital scales ochreous-whitish. Palpi whitish-ochreous, anterior

edge of terminal joint infuscated. Thorax dark purple-fuscous

sprinkled with whitish, Abdomen dark fuscous. Forewings

elongate, narrow, costa anteriorly slightly, towards apex moderately

arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, little oblique ; dark

fuscous irrorated with ochreous-whitish ; a round orange apical

patch with a projection along termen, edged with blackish except

on a small whitish spot on costa, and enclosing an elongate golden-

metallic spot: cilia pale metallic bronzy. Hindwings over 1, termen

hardly sinuate; dark fuscous; cilia grey-whitish, basal third grey.

VENEZUELA, Ciudad Bolivar, in September; one

specimen.

Lecithocera fausta, Meyr.

Labial palpi ochreous-whitish, second joint thickened with scales,

somewhat rough beneath towards apex, externally fuscous except

apex, terminal joint as long as second. Forewings with 9 separate

(misstated to rise out of 7 by a clerical error).

Brazit, Entre Rios; ARGENTINA, Parana; three

specimens. ‘This species was described from an example

from the Philippines, but there is no doubt whatever of

the specific identity of these specimens; as the genus is

largely represented in the Indo-Malayan region, whilst

this is the only American species known to me, I infer

that the Malay Archipelago is its home, and that it has

been probably artificially introduced into South America

with its foodplant, but the larval habits are unknown.

Trichotaphe directa, n. sp.

3 9. 14-16mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey. Palpi with

second joint dark fuscous, with dense expanded scales towards apex

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 695

above, terminal joint in ¢ as long as second, in ? very much longer,

ochreous-whitish, anterior edge dark fuscous. Antennal ciliations

in ¢ 1. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa slightly arched,

faintly sinuate in middle, apex rounded-obtuse, termen rounded,

somewhat oblique ; fuscous-grey ; extreme costal edge whitish

anteriorly ; stigmata rather large, blackish, plical directly beneath

first discal: cilia grey. Hindwings rather dark grey ; cilia pale

grey, with darker subbasal shade. Undersurface of forewings in ¢

with subcostal fringe of regular long scales directed downwards from

; to middle.

VENEZUELA, Ciudad Bolivar, in May and June; two

specimens.

Dichomeris amphicoma, n. sp.

Q. 21mm. Head whitish-ochreous mixed with grey on crown.

Palpi with second joint long, whitish-ochreous mixed with dark

fuscous and whitish, clothed with long rough projecting scales above

and with dense projecting apical tuft beneath, terminal joint as long

as second, ochreous-whitish, anterior edge dark fuscous. Thorax

whitish-ochreous with broad fuscous dorsal stripe. Forewings

elongate, rather narrow, slightly dilated posteriorly, costa slightly

arched towards extremities, apex round-pointed, termen straight,

rather oblique ; light ochreous-brownish, strewn with dark fuscous

strigulae ; a blackish streak suffused with darker brown running

from base of dorsum to costa just above apex, costal area above this

paler ochreous : cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings grey ; cilia ochreous-

whitish, with grey subbasal line.

BRAZIL, Santos ; one specimen.

OECOPHORIDAE.

Lorkhausenia erimnodes, n. sp.

¢d.13 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi ochreous-whitish,

basal half of second joint, and basal and subapical rings of terminal

joint dark fuscous. Antennal ciliations 4. Thorax whitish-ochreous,

shoulders with adark fuscous spot. Abdomen whitish-grey,anal tuft

whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched,

apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ; whitish-ochreous, with

scattered fuscous scales ; markings dark fuscous tinged with purplish ;

a basal patch extending on costa to 4, and on dorsum to beyond

middle, edge irregular and suffused; stigmata large, darker, first

discal resting on basal and second on apical patch, an additional

Livin 2

696 a KE. Meyrick on

distinct spot between and slightly above these, plical absorbed in

basal patch ; a suffused patch on costa beyond middle; an apical

patch extending on costa to ?and on termen to tornus : cilia whitish-

ochreous, towards base barred with dark fuscous. Hindwings light

grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous.

ARGENTINA, Parana; one specimen.

Machimia encamina, n. sp.

d.14 mm. 9. 19 mm. Head rosy-purplish. Palpi rose-pink

irrorated with dark purplish-fuscous, basal half of second joint in 9

dark fuscous. Antennal ciliations in ¢ 3. Thorax yellow-brownish.

Abdomen light rosy-yellowish. Forewings elongate, posteriorly

dilated, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly sinuate,

somewhat oblique ; yellow suffused with fulvous-brownish, especially

on veins and along costa and termen, in @ sprinkled with dark

brown; costa tinged with crimson on posterior half, dark brown

towards base ; stigmata fulvous-brown, plical beneath first discal; a

transverse fulvous mark on dorsum beneath second discal ; a fulvous

brownish line from before ? of costa to tornus, rather strongly curved

opposite apex and less so towards lower extremity, nearly straight

between these : cilia in ¢ on costa and tornus rosy, on termen grey-

whitish with basal third dark purplish-fuscous, in 9 more suffused

and less contrasted. Hindwings in ¢ light crimson-rose, in ?

ochreous- yellow, towards apex rosy ; cilia concolorous, towards tips

more whitish.

VENEZUELA, Ciudad Bolivar, in April and May; two

specimens.

Machimia fundigera, n. sp.

¢g.14mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish-ochreous. Palpi

whitish, second joint dark fuscous except towards apex. Antennal

ciliations 2. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa slightly

arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly sinuate, little oblique ; whitish-

ochreous, sprinkled with brown scales tipped with dark fuscous ;

stigmata indicated by groups of these scales; a line composed of

similar scales and partially broken into dots running from ; of costa

to dorsum before tornus, indented beneath costa and above dorsum,

curved outwards between these indentations: cilia pale rosy-pink,

on termen with a basal line of dark brown scales, on tornus ochreous-

whitish. Hindwings and cilia ochreous-whitish.

Dutcu GUIANA, Paramaribo, in March; one specimen,

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 697

Machimia morata, n. sp.

$. 18-15 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous tinged with

brownish above. Palpi ochreous-whitish, second joint fuscous

except apex. Antennal ciliations 2}. Abdomen fuscous-whitish.

Forewings elongate, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa gently arched,

apex obtuse, termen rounded, oblique ; whitish-ochreous sprinkled

with fuscous ; stigmata blackish, plical small, rather beyond first

discal; a more or less incomplete strongly curved series of dark

fuscous dots rather near margin from beneath 2 of costa to above

dorsum before tornus ; cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings and cilia

ochreous-grey-whitish.

ARGENTINA, Parana; three specimens.

Machimia orthodoxa, n. sp.

¢. 19mm. Headand thorax whitish-ochreous. Palpi ochreous-

whitish, lower half of second joint dark fuscous. Antennal ciliations

5. Abdomen pale whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, posteriorly

slightly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly

rounded, somewhat oblique ; whitish-ochreous, slightly sprinkled

with dark fuscous ; a blackish dot on base of costa ; stigmata dark

fuscous, plical obliquely beyond first discal ; a strongly angulated

series of dark fuscous dots running rather near margin from beneath

costa at 2 to above tornus : cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings and

cilia ochreous-grey-whitish.

BraZiL, Petropolis; one specimen.

Machimia chlorochroa, n. sp.

¢ 9. 27-28 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale whitish-

ochreous. Palpi ochreous-whitish, second joint slightly fuscous-

tinged. Antennal ciliations in ¢ 1). Forewings elongate, costa

gently arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather oblique; in ¢

pale greyish-ochreous, in 9 whitish-ochreous with a faint median

longitudinal streak indicated by some greyish scales ; discal stigmata

obscure, fuscous, in 9 more marked : cilia ochreous-whitish. Hind-

wings in ¢ whitish-grey-ochreous, in ? pale whitish-ochreous ;

cilia ochreous-whitish.

ARGENTINA, Parana; two specimens.

Machimia coneinna, n. sp.

9. 17-19 mm. Head and thorax light greyish-flesh-colour. Palpi

white more or less sprinkled with dark fuscous, basal half of second

698 Mr. E. Meyrick on

joint grey. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, moderate, posteriorly

slightly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded-obtuse, ter-

men slightly rounded, almost vertical ; pinkish-grey, terminal edge

pink ; a blackish dot on base of costa; stigmata blackish, plical

obliquely beyond first discal; a strongly curved series of blackish

dots running rather near margin from beneath costa beyond middle

to dorsum before tornus, somewhat impressed opposite apex: cilia

ochreous-grey-whitish, base pinkish. Hindwings grey, darker

posteriorly ; cilia grey-whitish, becoming grey towards base.

Dutcu Guana, Paramaribo, in November ; VENEZUELA,

Ciudad Bolivar, in May and July; four specimens,

Machimia languida, n. sp.

3-15 mm. Head and thorax pale pinkish, slightly sprinkled

with grey. Palpi rosy-whitish, with a few grey specks. Antennal

ciliations 1. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, pos-

teriorly slightly dilated, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen

slightly rounded, somewhat oblique; dull pink, sprinkled with

grey ; stigmata formed of blackish irroration, plical obliquely

beyond first discal; a strongly curved transverse series of sub-

confluent dots of blackish irroration rather near tornus, obsolete

towards costa and dorsum : cilia grey, towards base pinkish. Hind-

wings ochreous-whitish, towards apex more ochreous-tinged ; cilia

ochreous-whitish.

VENEZUELA, Ciudad Bolivar, in May ; one specimen.

Machiman erotias, n. sp,

3. 30mm. Head, palpi, and thorax purplish-pink. Antennal

ciliations 25. Abdomen light yellow-ochreous, faintly rosy-tinged,

Forewings moderately broad, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa

moderately arched, apex rounded-obtuse, termen slightly rounded,

hardly oblique ; light rosy-pink, partially shaded with light purplish-

fuscous, especially towards costa, costal edge pale pink; stigmata

dark purplish-fuscous, plical obliquely beyond first discal ; a curved

transverse series of obscure purplish-fuscous dots at 8, obsolete

towards margins: cilia rosy-pink, with purplish-fuscous subbasal

shade. Hindwings light rosy-pink, towards base suffused with pale

yellowish ; cilia pale pinkish.

CoLomBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen,

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 699

Machimia phacocrossa, n. sp.

¢. 18-19 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-yellow mixed with

crimson. Palpi ochreous-yellowish, suffused with crimson externally

except: on apical half of terminal joint. Antennal ciliations 4.

Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, moderate, pos-

teriorly dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded-obtuse, termen

almost straight, nearly vertical ; ochreous-yellow, veins and margins

broadly suffused with light crimson; costa narrowly dark grey ;

stigmata grey, plical obliquely beyond first discal, an additional dot

before and above second discal; a strongly curved grey line, partially

interrupted into dots, running from % of costa to 2 of dorsum,

indented towards dorsum ; some grey dots on termen: cilia grey,

with obscure darker bars. Hindwings and cilia whitish-yellowish,

cilia with a faint rosy tinge.

BraZzit, Petropolis ; two specimens.

Machimia haemataula, n. sp.

3 @- 20-22 mm. Head ochreous-yellowish, crown posteriorly

suffused with crimson. Palpi whitish-yellowish, second joint ex-

ternally crimson except apex, basal half of terminal joint crimson.

Antennal ciliations of ¢ 3. Thorax ochreous-yellow reticulated

with crimson. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate,

moderate, rather dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, apex

rounded-obtuse, termen almost straight, little oblique ; ochreous-

yellow, veins and margins streaked with deep crimson; a slender

dark fuscous streak runs all round costa and termen, on costa rather

broadly suffused beneath, but leaving extreme costal edge crimson ;

two crimson dots in yellow spaces towards base ; an oblique rather

dark fuscous fascia edged with deep crimson crosses wing before

middle, dilated towards dorsum ; a rather dark fuscous blotch across

end of cell, edged with deep crimson; a rather strongly curved

fuscous line edged with crimson from costa at 2 to above tornus :

cilia ochreous-grey-whitish, basal third crimson. Hindwings pale

whitish-ochreous, termen rosy-tinged ; cilia pale whitish-ochreous.

BRAZIL, Saio Paulo ; two specimens.

Machimia trygaula, uv. sp.

3 2. 19-22 mm. Head light ochreous-yellowish, with a crimson

streak on each side of face, crown sometimes tinged with crimson

Palpi yellow-whitish, second joint externally rose-pink except

towards apex, lower half of terminal joint rose-pink. Antennal

700 Mr. E. Meyrick on

ciliations in ¢ 23. Moras pale yellowish, interruptedly streaked

longitudinally with deep crimson. Abdomen ochreous-whitish.

Forewings elongate, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa gently arched,

apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, somewhat oblique ; ochreous-

yellow, veins and margins marked with brownish-red lines ; costa

from base to + broadly suffused with brown-red, mixed with dark

fuscous suffusion, lower edge of this connected with dorsum near

base by an inwardly oblique dark red line, and emitting a short dark

fuscous projection at } of wing, and a stronger one on end of cell,

whence a dark red line mixed with dark fuscous runs obliquely

inwards to + of dorsum, basal half of dorsum suffused with rather

dark fuscous; a fine denticulate strongly curved dark reddish line

sometimes mixed with dark fuscous running from 3 of costa to % of

dorsum ; a fine dark fuscous streak interrupted with reddish running

round posterior part of costa and termen: cilia pale greyish. Hind-

wings and cilia whitish.

BRAZIL, Sao Paulo, Petropolis ; three specimens.

CopPprToreE Li, Z.

This name supersedes Gonionota, Z. The scaling of the

labial palpi varies to some extent, the projection on the

terminal joint may be almost obsolete, and vein 7 of fore-

wings may run either to apex or termen, but the genus

remains easily recognisable by other characters.

Coptotelia miltopa, n. sp.

gd. 23 mm. Head yellow. Palpi pale yellow, second joint ex-

panded with rough scales towards apex above and beneath, tinged

at apex with ferruginous, terminal joint more than half second,

slender. Thorax lilac-brownish, suffused with blackish except

anteriorly. Abdomen dark grey. Forewings suboblong, rather

broad, posteriorly dilated, costa strongly arched, apex rounded-

obtuse, termen slightly rounded, hardly oblique ; 7 to apex; dark

purplish-fuscous suffusedly mixed with blackish ; a bright yellow

stripe of uneven width running all round costa and termen to near

tornus, widest near base and at apex, attenuated towards extremity,

lower edge suffused with fulvous-brown ; a bright red oval spot in

dise before middle, edged beneath by an elongate sometimes inter-

rupted snow-white mark, its anterior extremity enlarged and

surrounded by scattered crimson scales ; second discal stigma curved.

transverse, indicated by obscure crimson edging: cilia yellow,

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 701

towards tornus dark fuscous. Hindwings dark grey; cell whitish-

grey, tinged posteriorly with rosy; cilia grey, becoming whitish

round apex.

CoLomBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

Coptotelia psittacopa, n. sp.

g. 19mm. Head yellow, with dark bronzy spot on sides of face,

sides of crown mixed with dark bronzy. -Palpi deep bronzy, terminal

joint half second, its base and apex pale yellowish. Thorax yellow

reticulated with crimson-red, margins deep bronzy. Abdomen dark

fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, somewhat dilated posteriorly,

costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather

oblique; 7 to termen; deep bronzy-brown largely suffused with

purple-blackish ; a large yellow basal patch reticulated with bright

crimson-red, not reaching dorsum, irregularly marked with dark

fuscous towards costa, outer edge angulated in middle; first discal

stigma represented by a black dot within angle of basal patch,

second by an irregular roundish yellow spot containing a suffused

crimson-red ring ; yellow transverse spots marked beneath with

crimson-red on costa before middle and at % ; a subterminal series of

pale yellowish dots : cilia pale yellowish, at apex and towards tornus

suffused with purple-blackish. Hindwings and cilia dark fuscous.

CoLoMBIA, at 4,400 feet, in February ; one specimen.

Coptotelia thyridopa, n. sp.

I propose this name for fenestella, Zell., Verh. Zool. Ges.

Wien., 1874, 439, which I consider referable here, inasmuch

as the type-species of the genus is fenestrella, Zell., Stett.

Ent. Zeit., 1863, 145, and though not absolutely identical,

the two names would obviously lead to confusion if

employed in the same genus.

Coptotelia constellata, n. sp.

¢. 19mm. Head and thorax grey mixed with dark grey. Palpi

rather dark fuscous, terminal joint more than half second, tip

whitish. Abdomen grey. Forewings suboblong, moderately broad,

costa anteriorly strongly, posteriorly slightly arched, apex obtuse,

termen faintly sinuate, somewhat oblique; 7 to termen ; brown

irregularly mixed with dark fuscous ; a small pale yellow spot in

middle of base, and one on costa near base ; first discal stigma

minute, yellow, second white, with some yellow scales and small

702 Mr. E. Meyrick on

marks round it and a small yellow spot beyond it; small yellow

spots on costa at 2 and #, one at apex, and some scattered scales or

small marks towards costa posteriorly ; a terminal fascia of dark

fuscous suffusion : cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings light grey ; cilia

pale greyish, with dark fuscous subbasal shade.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

Coptotelia acrocosma, n. sp.

d- 19mm. Head pale greyish-ochreous. Palpi brownish, terminal

joint about half second. Thorax brown with central white stripe.

Abdomen grey. Forewings broad, suboblong, broadest in middle,

costa anteriorly rather strongly arched, posteriorly almost straight,

apex rounded-obtuse, termen rounded, little oblique; 7 to apex ;

deep purplish-brown ; basal third lighter brown, outer edge straight,

inwardly oblique, costal edge pinkish; dorsum beyond this darker-

suffused ; first discal stigma represented by a few white scales,

second by a few dark fuscous and whitish; costal edge towards

middle dark fuscous, posteriorly suffused with ferruginous-yellow

tipped with rose-pink : cilia dark brownish, on posterior 2 of costa

snow-white. Hindwings and cilia grey.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

Coptotelia hydrogramma, n. sp.

dg. 21-22 mm. Head brownish-rosy sprinkled with whitish.

Palpi rosy irrorated with dark fuscous, terminal joint about half

second. Thorax rosy-brown. Abdomen dark grey. Forewings

broad, suboblong, costa anteriorly strongly, posteriorly slightly

arched, apex rounded-obtuse, termen rounded, rather oblique ; 7 to

termen ; brown, with irregular pale transverse striae ; posterior 3 of

costal edge rosy slightly tipped with white cilia, with a small

oblique rosy mark at 2 and another mixed with white at 4; first

discal stigma blackish, plical minute, blackish, rather beyond it,

second discal represented by a minute transverse linear white mark ;

a dark brown dorsal streak from } to near tornus, attenuated pos-

teriorly, edged above with rosy-pinkish suffusion ; some indistinct

blackish irroration towards termen, tending to form subterminal and

terminal series of spots: cilia brownish. Hindwings dark grey ;

cilia grey.

CoLomBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; two

specimens,

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 708

Coptotelia amphierena, n. sp.

d. 19 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax bronzy-brown, terminal

joint less than half second, suffused with pale ochreous. Abdomen

ochreous-whitish. Forewings suboblong, moderately broad, costa

anteriorly rather strongly arched, sinuate beyond middle, apex

obtuse, termen almost straight, nearly vertical ; 7 to apex ; bronzy-

brown ; discal stigmata dark fuscous ; a small white spot on costa

before middle, and another semioval in sinuation midway between

first and apex ; a curved row of dark fuscous dots crossing wing from

second costal spot to near dorsum before tornus: cilia brownish.

Hindwings whitish, suffused with very pale brownish towards apex ;

cilia whitish.

CoLomBiA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

Coptotelia ioleuca, n. sp.

¢. 19mm. Head pale ochreous, sides of crown infuscated. Palpi

brownish, terminal joint slightly over half second, ochreous-whitish

somewhat sprinkled with brownish. Thorax pale ochreous sprinkled

with brown-reddish, suffused with fuscous towards margins. Ab-

domen ochreous-whitish. Forewings suboblong, moderate, costa

anteriorly moderately arched, posteriorly almost straight, apex

obtuse, termen rounded, somewhat oblique; 7 to termen ; fuscous,

sprinkled with dark fuscous ; a pale yellowish basal patch reticulated

with ferruginous occupying 2 of wing, including a broad fuscous

costal streak, outer edge curved ; first discal stigma represented by a

round snow-white spot within edge of basal patch, second by a white

dot edged with ferruginous ; a small pale yellowish triangular spot

edged with ferruginous on costa at 2, whence a strongly curved series

of dots of dark fuscous irroration runs near margins to dorsum at 3 :

cilia fuscous, on costal edge whitish. Hindwings and cilia ochreous-

whitish.

ARGENTINA, Parana ; one specimen.

Coptotelia lecithitis, n. sp.

3 @.-15-18 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-yellowish more or

less suffused with ferruginous-brownish. Palpi ochreous-brown,

terminal joint half second. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Forewings

oblong, moderate, costa anteriorly strongly arched, posteriorly almost

straight, apex rounded-obtuse, termen rounded, little oblique; 7 to

apex; ferruginous-brownish, sometimes sprinkled with dark fuscous;

704 Mr. E. Meyrick on

an ochreous-yellowish basal patch occupying nearly 2 of wing, reticu-

Jated with ferruginous-brownish and marked with a brown costal

streak, outer edge curved ; first discal stigma small, white, with some

dark fuscous scales, second dark fuscous, preceded by pale yellowish

suffusion ; a small oblique suffused white mark on costa at 3, and

some white irroration beyond this; a streak of blackish irroration

between veins 2 and 3; sometimes a subterminal series of cloudy

blackish dots ; a cloudy dark fuscous terminal line or series of dots :

cilia whitish-ochreous, with an interrupted dark fuscous subbasal

shade, outer half white on upper part of termen. Hindwings and

cilia ochreous-whitish,

ARGENTINA, Parana; nine specimens.

Cryptolechia holopyrrha, v. sp.

d. 28-38 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax deep ferruginous-brown,

terminal joint of palpi grey-whitish, shorter than second. Antennae

with short scattered cilia. Abdomen reddish-fuscous. Forewings

suboblong, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly

rounded, little*oblique, 7 to apex ; deep ferruginous-brown ; stigmata

obscure, cloudy, darker, plical rather beyond first discal; a very faint

paler strongly curved subterminal line : cilia deep ferruginous-brown.

Hindwings and cilia from pale to rather dark reddish-fuscous.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November ; three

specimens.

Cryptolechia chordostoma, n. sp.

d 9. 22-24 mm. Head and thorax dark purplish-fuscous. Palpi

white, longitudinally lined with dark fuscous, terminal joint in

6 considerably, in ? hardly longer than second. Antennae in ¢

shortly ciliated ($). Abdomen rather dark fuscous, segmental

margins whitish. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, posteriorly

slightly dilated, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly

rounded, oblique, 7 to costa; dark purplish-fuscous sprinkled with

blackish and whitish ; stigmata obscure, cloudy, blackish, plical

somewhat beyond first discal; a faint pale bowed subterminal

line hardly indicated, obscurely whitish on costa: cilia fuscous

sprinkled with whitish. Hindwings grey-whitish, becoming pale

grey posteriorly ; cilia grey-whitish, greyer towards base.

ARGENTINA, Parana ; two specimens.

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 705

HIMotrica, n. g.

Head with appressed scales, sidetufts loose ; ocelli small ; tongue

developed. Antennae j, in d serrate, shortly and unevenly ciliated |

basal joint moderately elongate, without pecten. Labial palpi with

second joint extremely long, slightly curved, with long dense rough

projecting scales above throughout, terminal joint less than half

second, moderate, acute, ascending. Maxillary palpi very short,

loosely scaled, appressed to tongue. Posterior tibiae rough-scaled

above. Forewings with 2 and 3 stalked, 7 absent, 11 from before

middle. Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, cilia 2; 3 and 4 connate,

5-7 parallel.

Himotica thyrsitis, n. sp.

¢-23mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen whitish-ochreous,

palpi slightly tinged with brownish. Forewings elongate, rather

narrow, costa anteriorly gently, posteriorly strongly arched, apex

obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ; ochreous-whitish ; upper

part of cell posteriorly, and whole space between cell and termen

except towards costa suffused with light brownish-ochreous, with

more or less pale streaks on veins, and some dark fuscous suffusion

between veins, especially posteriorly ; afuscous marginal line round

apex : cilia on costa ochreous-whitish with greyish subbasal shade,

on termen ashy-fuscous. Hindwings grey, costa whitish-suffused

to apex ; cilia grey-whitish with grey subbasal shade, above apex

whiter.

BRAZIL, Sao Paulo; one specimen.

XY LORYCTIDAE.

Xylorycta navigatrix, a. sp.

¢. 25mm. Head and thorax white. Palpi white, second joint

dark grey except towards apex. Antennal ciliations very short.

Abdomen grey-whitish. Forewings elongate, posteriorly somewhat

dilated, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse-pointed, termen

almost straight, rather oblique; 7 to apex; shining white,

with a faint ochreous tinge ; an irregular blackish spot on base

of costa; an irregular-edged triangular blackish patch occupying

median third of costa and reaching half across wing ; an indistinct

cloudy light grey curved shade from 32 of costa to dorsum before

tornus ; some faint light grey suffusion towards apex : cilia white.

Hindwings ochreous-whitish ; cilia white.

CoLomptaA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen,

706 Mr. E. Meyrick on

PLOCAMOSARIS, n. g.

Head with appressed scales; ocelli absent ; tongue developed.

Antennae 3, in ¢ slender, serrulate, ciliated, basal joint elongate,

without pecten. Labial palpi very long, curved, ascending, second

joint long, laterally compressed, expanded beneath with dense rough

scales and above with long rough projecting hairs, terminal joint

about half second, slender, acute. Maxillary palpi very short,

filiform, appressed to tongue. Posterior tibiae shortly rough-scaled

above. Forewings with 2 from 8, 3 absent, 4 from angle, 7 absent,

11 from middle. Hindwings over 1, trapezoidal, cilia 3; 3 and 4

connate, 5 absent, 6 and 7 remote, divergent.

A curious form of doubtful affinity.

Plocamosaris pandora, a. sp.

d. 20 mm. Head and thorax ferrnginous-ochreous, face paler.

Palpi yellow-ochreous, hairs of upper edge brownish-tinged, terminal

joint ochreous-whitish. Antennal ciliations 1. Abdomen pale

ochreous-yellowish. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa ante-

riorly strongly, posteriorly moderately arched, sinuate in middle,

apex obtuse, termen slightly sinuate, somewhat oblique ; ferruginous-

ochreous, tinged with brownish, deepest towards costal sinuation ;

second discal stigma obscurely brown; a transverse streak of

brownish suffusion immediately before termen: cilia ferruginous-

ochreous, Hindwings and cilia pale ochreous-yellow.

BraZziL, Petropolis; one specimen.

STENOMIDAE.

TIMOCRATICA, n. g.

Head with appressed scales, sidetufts loosely raised ; ocelli absent ;

tongue developed. Antennae 3, in ¢ rather strongly ciliated, basal

joint much thickened with dense rough scales anteriorly. Labial

palpi moderately long, recurved, second joint much thickened with

dense scales, rough beneath towards apex, terminal joint rather

shorter than second, moderate, acute. Maxillary palpi very short,

filiform, appressed to tongue. Anterior tibiae and tarsi thickened

with scales, posterior tibiae and basal joint of tarsi clothed with lon

rough hairscales above. Forewings with 2 and 3 stalked, 4 and 5

rather approximated at base, 6-8 approximated at base, 7 to apex,

11 from before middle. Hindwings over 1, ovate, cilia}; 3and 4

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 707

connate, 5 approximated at base; 6 and 7 approximated towards

base.

Based on the following species, but probably tristrigata,

Zell., and major, Busck, also belong here.

Timocratica isographa, n. sp.

¢.52 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi with second joint

dull orange, upper longitudinal half blackish, terminal joint whitish-

fuscous. Antennal ciliations 1}. Thorax brownish, base of scales

whitish. Abdomen pale orange-ochreous. Forewings elongate, rather

dilated posteriorly, costa anteriorly moderately, posteriorly more

strongly arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, rather oblique ;

fuscous, base of scales whitish ; costal and dorsal edge ferruginous-

brown ; three straight parallel oblique ferruginous-brown transverse

lines not quite reaching margins, first from } of costa to beyond

middle of dorsum, second from middle of costa to tornus, third from

before 2 of costa to below middle of termen:; cilia fuscous, basal

third ferruginous-brown. Hindwings and cilia pale ochreous-orange.

VENEZUELA, Palma Sola; one specimen. In one fore-

wing 7 and 8 appear to be short-stalked, but on close

examination it appears rather that the base of 7 is obsolete

and its lower extremity appressed to 8.

PRASOLITHITES, n. g.

Head loosely scaled ; ocelli absent ; tongue developed. Antennae

%, in ¢ strongly ciliated, basal joint thickened with dense scales.

Labial palpi long, recurved, second joint thickened with ap-

pressed scales, terminal joint shorter than second, moderate, acute.

Maxillary palpi very short, filiform, appressed to tongue. Posterior

tibiae rough-scaled above. Forewings with 2 from near angle, 3 and

4 approximated at base, 6 to apex, 7 and 8 approximated at base,

11 from before middle. Hindwings over 1, trapezoidal-ovate, cilia

4; 3, 4, 5 approximated at base, 6 and 7 approximated towards

base.

Prasolithites virens, n. sp.

gd. 32 mm. Head and thorax fuscous. Palpi fulvous-brown, ter-

minal joint whitish except base. Antennal ciliations 2. Abdomen

light grey. Forewings elongate, moderate, posteriorly slightly

dilated, costa strongly arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, rather

oblique ; greenish-fuscous ; costal edge fulvous-brown, edged beneath

708 Mr. E. Meyrick on

with violet suffusion Pe base to beyond middle; a small violet-

white oblique mark beneath costa at 2; a large dull green patch

occupying nearly apical half of wing, its anterior edge running

from about middle of costa to 3 of dorsum, but with its upper 3

forming a broad triangular projection which extends inwards to

above fold at 4, groundcolour beneath this projection somewhat

prominent outwardly and including a small indistinct group of

whitish scales: cilia fuscous, basal third brownish, tips whitish-

tinged. Hindwings whitish-ochreous, basal % tinged with light

fuscous; cilia whitish-ochreous.

CoLoMBIA, at 4,400 feet, in February ; one specimen.

Antacotricha mesostrota, n. sp.

¢- 17mm. Head and thorax white. Palpi white, second joint

grey except apex, terminal joint #. Antennal ciliations2. Abdomen

light grey. Forewings elongate, narrowed posteriorly, costa mode-

rately arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, little oblique ; white ;

a patch of pale grey suffusion on basal third of costa, reaching half

across wing, posterior edge irregularly prominent in disc, costal edge

dark grey, plical stigma small, dark grey, forming angle of this

patch; second discal stigma large, blackish; an oblique fuscous

fascia crossing wing beyond this, darkest on costal edge; some fuscous

irroration towards apex ; a series of blackish marginal dots round

apex and termen: cilia whitish, with two fuscous shades, Hind-

wings fuscous-whitish, more fuscous-tinged posteriorly ; a whitish-

ochreous hairpencil extending in disc through cell from base to 3 ;

costa roughened with short projecting grey scales from near base

to near middle; cilia fuscous-whitish, with fuscous basal line.

VENEZUELA, Carupano, in December ; one specimen.

Antaeotricha ophrysta, n. sp.

d- 25 mm. Head white, sides of face grey. Palpi grey, second

joint dark grey on upper longitudinal half, ochreous-yellowish

beneath, terminal joint 2, whitish except towards base. Antennal

ciliations 1. Thorax white, shoulders tinged with grey. Abdomen

whitish-grey, anal tuft tinged with yellowish. Forewings elongate,

broadest in middle, narrowed posteriorly, costa moderately arched,

apex rounded, termen rounded, little oblique ; white ; a suffused

grey streak along basal third of costa ; a very faint transverse dorsal

patch of pale grey suffusion before middle; a spot of pale grey

suffusion on dorsum beyond middle; a moderately broad curved

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 709

light grey fascia from beneath middle of costa to tornus; second

discal stigma blackish, closely preceding this ; a series of four grey

spots confluent on margin traversing apex: cilia grey. Hindwings

white, apical half light grey ; an expansible fringe of long ochreous-

whitish hairs extending along vein 8 from base to 2 of wing, vein

strongly sinuate beyond this; costa with long projecting rough grey

and whitish scales from base to ? ; cilia white, basal third grey.

DurtcH GUIANA, Onoribo, in January and March; two

specimens.

Antaeotricha canthoptila, n. sp.

¢- 30mm. Head and thorax white, shoulders with a grey spot.

Palpi grey, second joint dark grey on upper longitudinal half,

ochreous-whitish towards base beneath, terminal joint 2, white

except towards base. Antennal ciliations 14. Abdomen grey-

whitish. Forewings elongate, broadest in middle, narrowed pos-

teriorly, costa strongly arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, little

oblique ; white ; a dark grey blotch occupying basal fourth of costa

and reaching half across wing ; a faint dorsal patch of grey suffusion

before 4, its dorsal edge forming a projecting tuft of raised ochreous-

yellowish and dark grey scales; large median and smaller tornal

blotches of faint pale grey suffusion, reaching more than half across

wing, confluent dorsally ; second discal stigma dark fuscous ; an

elongate patch of grey suffusion from beneath middle of costa to

upper anterior angle of tornal blotch ; apex narrowly light grey :

cilia white. Hindwings white with a faint ochreous tinge ; an

expansible fringe of long ochreous-whitish hairs lying along vein 8

in an ochreous-yellow subcostal groove, vein sinuate beyond this ;

costa from base to ? with long rough projecting grey and whitish

scales, longest in middle ; cilia white.

DutcH GUIANA, interior, in August ; one specimen.

Near basalis, Zell.

Antacotricha praecisa, n. sp.

3 2. 20-25 mm. Head and thorax dark fuscous with indigo-blue

reflections, face whitish. Palpidark fuscous, terminal joint %, suffused

with whitish except base. Antennal ciliations 24. Abdomen grey-

whitish. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded,

termen rounded, little oblique ; a dark fuscous patch with purplish-

leaden reflections and irregularly mixed with blackish extending

from base of costa along dorsum to 3, reaching 3 across wing and

posteriorly truncate, angle edged with black ; two irregular transverse

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IV. (JAN.) 34

710 Mr. E. Meyrick on

fuscous shades beyond this, first with costal extremity obsolete or

represented by a cloudy dot beneath middle of costa, second some-

times reaching costa at ? ; a third shade indicated by a tornal mark

and a small black costal spot: cilia white. Hindwings whitish-

grey; in ¢ a subcostal pencil of long whitish hairs reaching from

base to middle ; costal edge in $ with projection of grey scales before

middle ; cilia whitish.

Brazit, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo; three specimens.

Near bicolor, Zell.

Aniaeotricha carphitis, n. sp.

6. 24mm. Head and thorax light grey, face white. Palpi with

second joint grey-whitish, dark grey above, terminal joint 2, whitish-

grey. Antennal ciliations 14. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate,

rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen rounded,

somewhat oblique; white ; basal area tinged with pale ochreous and

grey, terminated on costa by an oblique dark grey spot before 4; a

dark grey semioval blotch extending along dorsum from near base

to near tornus, reaching in middle nearly half across wing, upper

edge with a ferruginous-brown projection before middle, discal area

tinged with pale ochreous beyond this; a pale grey oblique spot

from costa before middle, connected on costa with a grey streak

from middle of costa to beneath costa at ¢; a dark brown transverse

blotch from tornus reaching 3 across wing, preceded and followed by

ochreous-grey suffusion ; a confluent series of small ferruginous-

brown spots before termen, obsolete at apex, but with a small

brownish spot above it: cilia bronzy-brownish, at apex and on costa

white. Hindwings grey, whitish in cell and along costa ; a slender

grey hairpencil extending beneath costa from base to middle; costa

with very long projecting rough grey scales from base to beyond

middle ; cilia pale grey with darker subbasal line, at apex whitish.

BRAZIL, Santa Caterina ; one specimen.

Antaeotricha corvula, n. sp.

d. 21mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous. Palpi

fuscous, terminal joint 1. Antennal ciliations 3. Forewings elon-

gate, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded

termen rounded, rather oblique; dark purplish-fuscous ;_plical

stigma black, connected with base by a fine blackish line along fold ;

second discal stigma black, followed by some slight scattered yellow-

whitish irroration: cilia purplish-fuscous. Hindwings dark fuscous ;

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. vil

no hairpencil ; costa with long dense projecting dark grey scales

from near base to middle, sinuate beyond this, with a small tuft of

scales beyond sinuation ; cilia fuscous, darker towards base.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November ; one

specimen.

Orphnolechia bathrogramma, n. sp.

@.12 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish sprinkled with

ochreous, face whitish. Palpi ochreous-whitish, terminal joint with

an indistinct fuscous subapical ring. Abdomen ochreous-whitish.

Forewings elongate, costa anteriorly moderately, posteriorly slightly

arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, rather oblique; 8 and 9

closely approximated almost throughout; whitish closely irrorated

with brownish; a dark fuscous streak from base of costa almost

along dorsal.edge to j of dorsum ; plical stigma obliquely beyond

first discal, both dark fuscous ; a slightly curved dark fuscous streak

from beyond middle of costa to dorsum before tornus, more brownish

posteriorly and edged with whitish anteriorly ; a curved series of

several small dark fuscous spots crossing wing from ? of costa to

tornus ; a series of dark fuscous marks round posterior part of costa

and termen: cilia whitish. Hindwings grey-whitish ; cilia whitish.

VENEZUELA, Ciudad Bolivar, in May ; two specimens.

Stenoma megaleuca, n. sp.

Q. 54 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Palpi white,

second joint yellow-ochreous except towards apex, above dark

fuscous towards base, terminal joint #, apical half blackish. Fore-

wings elongate, moderate, rather dilated posteriorly, costa moderately

arched, apex rounded, termen rather obliquely rounded, 7 to apex ;

white : cilia white. Hindwings and cilia white ; 6 and 7 stalked.

Forewings beneath suffused with ochreous-yellowish except towards

dorsum and termen.

CoLoMBIA, Popayan; one specimen. Closely allied to

albella, Zell. In one forewing vein 3 is reduplicated, a

curious abnormality.

Stenoma isomeris, n. sp.

¢d. 19mm. Head white, tinged with brownish on crown. Palpi

with lower longitudinal half of second joint whitish-ochreous, upper

fuscous, apex wholly white, terminal joint 1, white. Antennal

ciliations 2. Thorax light brownish. Abdomen ochreous-whitish.

ZA2

712 Mr. E. Meyrick oa

Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen

rounded, little oblique, 7 to apex; shining white; dorsal half

brownish irregularly sprinkled with dark fuscous, with a median

dorsal spot of dark fuscous suffusion, discal stigmata forming dark

fuscous dots on upper edge of dividing line ; some dark fuscous dots

round apex and termen: cilia white, on brownish area concolorous:

Hindwings and cilia pale whitish-ochreous ; 3 and 4 stalked, 6 and

7 short-stalked.

BraZiL, Tijuco, in December; one specimen.

Stenoma melanesia, n. sp.

d. 18 mm. Head white, crown suffused with pale brownish.

Palpi with second joint grey, apex white, terminal joint white,

infuscated anteriorly except at apex. Antennal ciliations 1.

Thorax light brownish, posterior half blackish. Abdomen black-

ish. Forewings elongate, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded,

termen rounded, rather oblique, 7 to costa (apparent); light

bronzy-brownish ; a small blackish spot on costa at $; a slightly

outwards-curved series of six small black spcts from costa before

middle to base of dorsum, and a strongly outwards-curved series

of small black spots from costa beyond middle to tornus, area

between these wholly strewn with small black spots and suffused

with ashy-grey except a suffused spot of groundcolour towards

middle of dorsum: cilia light brownish. Hindwings with 3 and

4 stalked, 6 and 7 stalked ; dark fuscous ; cilia light fuscous, with

darker subbasal shade.

CoLoMBIA, at 4,400 feet, in February ; one specimen.

Stenoma glaucopa, n. sp.

?. 38 mm. Head rosy-fulvous. Palpi dark brown, terminal

joint #4, whitish. Thorax ferruginous-brown. Abdomen grey.

Forewings elongate, posteriorly considerably dilated, costa strongly

arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, somewhat oblique, 7 to

apex ; ferruginous-brown, orange-tinged towards costa anteriorly ;

costal edge crimson, becoming ferruginous posteriorly ; second

discal stigma large, round, whitish, centred with dark grey : cilia

ferruginous-brown. Hindwings and cilia grey; 6 and 7 nearly

approximated towards base.

CoLomBiA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; one

specimen.

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 713

Stenoma trichorda, n. sp.

dg. 35-45 mm. Head pale fuscous, face whitish. Palpi with

second joint fuscous, whitish towards apex, terminal joint 8, fuscous-

whitish. Antennal ciliations 2}) Thorax light fuscous irrorated

with darker. Abdomen whitish-fuscous. Forewings elongate,

posteriorly slightly dilated, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen

rounded, somewhat oblique, 7 to termen, 8 to costa; fuscous, base

of scales whitish; costal edge yellow-whitish ; three cloudy dark

brown lines, first almost straight, from beneath costa at } to middle

of dorsum, second slightly curved, from middle of costa to 4 of

dorsum, third moderately curved from ? of costa to dorsum before

tornus; second discal stigma on second line, obscurely darker ; a

series of indistinct darker dots round apex and termen: cilia grey-

whitish obscurely barred with light fuscous. Hindwings with 6

and 7 stalked ; light fuscous ; cilia whitish, with fuscous subbasal

line.

COLOMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November and

December ; eleven specimens.

Stenoma byrsinitis, n. sp.

6 2. 25-30 mm. Head and thorax fuscous, forehead suffused

with whitish. Palpi whitish, second joint fuscous except towards

apex, terminal joint 1. Antennal ciliations of ¢ 2. Abdomen pale

fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, posteriorly rather dilated,

costa gently arched, apex rounded-obtuse, termen rounded, little

oblique; 7 to apex; in ¢ greyish-ochreous or pale fuscous, paler-

suffused before subterminal line, in 9 fuscous, somewhat sprinkled

with dark fuscous; costal edge ochreous-whitish; stigmata dark

fuscous, plical rather obliquely beyond first discal ; a rather curved

cloudy dark fuscous transverse shade passing behind second discal ;

a curved series of cloudy dark fuscous lunulate marks from + of

costa to dorsum before tornus ; a series of blackish dots round apex

and termen: cilia whitish-ochreous obscurely barred with fuscous.

Hindwings with 6 and 7 closely approximated towards base ; grey,

rather darker in 92; cilia pale greyish, with darker subbasal shade.

CoLomBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November and

December ; nine specimens.

Stenoma paurocentra, n. sp.

¢. 28-34 mm. Head and thorax pale brownish-ochreous, face

whitish-ochreous. Palpi white, second joint grey except towards

714 Mr. E. Meyrick on

apex, terminal joint Antennal ciliations 3. Abdomen pale

greyish, anal tuft whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, moderate,

posteriorly rather dilated, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen

almost straight, little oblique; 7 to termen, 8 to costa; light

brownish-ochreons ; costal edge yellow-whitish ; plical and second

discal stigmata blackish; a curved subterminal series of dots

indicated by two or three blackish scales each, not reaching either

margin : cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings with 6 and 7 short-

stalked ; whitish-fuscous ; cilia whitish, with grey subbasal line.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 4,400—5,800 feet, in November ;

two specimens.

Stenoma pelinitis, a. sp.

¢. 34-88 mm. Head and thorax pale brownish-ochreous, face

whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish, second joint fuscous except towards

apex, terminal joint 1. Antennal ciliations 2}. Abdomen pale

greyish-ochreous. forewings elongate, moderate, somewhat dilated

posteriorly, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded,

little oblique ; 7 to termen, 8 to costa ; light greyish-ochreous, more

or less sprinkled with dark brown ; costal edge ochreous-whitish ;

stigmata dark fuscous or blackish, plical obliquely beyond first

discal; a cloudy fuscous transverse shade at 2, strongly curved

outwards in disc round second discal stigma; a similarly curved

subterminal series of dark fuscous dots ; a series of dark fuscous

dots round apex and termen: cilia whitish-ochreous, yellower

towards base. Hindwings with 6 and 7 approximated towards

base; whitish-ochreous, sometimes faintly tinged with fuscous ;

cilia whitish-ochreous, sometimes infuscated round apex.

CoLoMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November and

December; eleven specimens.

Stenoma phacophanes, n. sp.

¢ 9. 24-27 mm. Head and thorax fuscous, face whitish-fuscous.

Palpi light fuscous, terminal joint 7. Antennal ciliations of ¢ 1.

Abdomen dark grey. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa

gently arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, in ¢ somewhat

prominent, in 9 vertical, 8 to apex; bronzy-fuscous; three very

faint darker transverse lines, first two hardly curved, first from } of

costa to middle of dorsum, second from middle of costa to ? of

dorsum, third irregularly curved from ? of costa to dorsum before

tornus ; second discal stigma dark fuscous, on second line: cilia

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 715

bronzy-fuscous. Hindwings with 6 and 7 approximated towards

base; dark fuscous; cilia fuscous.

CotomsiA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November and

December ; two specimens.

Stenoma clavifera, n. sp.

Q. 23mm. Head and thorax pale whitish-fuscous, thorax with

some irregular ferruginous-brownish marks. Palpi pale brownish,

terminal joint 1. Forewings elongate, moderate, posteriorly slightly

dilated, costa anteriorly moderately, posteriorly slightly arched, apex

obtuse, termen slightly rounded, little oblique ; 7 to termen, 8 to

costa; pale whitish-fuscous ; markings ferruginous-brown ; costal

edge ferruginous-brownish ; a transverse line from + of costa to + of

dorsum, strongly angulated outwards above middle, with a posterior

projection in middle, produced as a faint line through disc ; plical

stigma blackish ; a slightly curved line from middle of costa to

? of dorsum, dilated at extremities, and in middle expanded

posteriorly into a triangular spot containing a spot of groundcolour ;

groundcolour between this and following line tinged with ferru-

ginous-brownish ; a triangular spot on costa at ?#, whence a fine

indistinct curved line runs to dorsum before tornus; a series of

dots round apex and termen: cilia fuscous-whitish, basal third pale

ferruginous-brownish limited by a dark brown line. Hindwings

with 6 and 7 stalked ; ochreous-whitish ; cilia ochreous-whitish,

with pale ferruginous subbasal line.

BRAZIL, Sao Paulo; one specimen.

Stenoma melanixa, 0. sp.

gd. 26mm. Head and thorax light brownish. Palpi brownish,

terminal joint 3, whitish except anteriorly. Antennal ciliations

1}. Abdomen fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, posteriorly

dilated, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly sinuate,

little oblique, 8 to apex; fuscous, paler in disc, costa suffused

with ferruginous-brown, darkest on edge, lower edge with faint

projections at 4 and 2; second discal stigma indicated by a minute

linear-transverse mark of several dark fuscous scales; a slender

streak of blackish suffusion along dorsum from } to near tornus ;

an indistinct conical projection of dark fuscous irroration reaching

from dorsum at ? half across wing ; a narrow whitish-grey terminal

fascia, preceded on costa by a small black spot : cilia light ochreous-

716 Mr. E. Meyrick on

brownish, paler towards tornus. Hindwings and cilia rather dark

fuscous; 6 and 7 stalked.

CoLoMmBIA, Bogota; one specimen.

Stenoma macronota, n. sp.

¢ 2. 24-27 mm. Head and thorax reddish-fuscous, face suffused

with ferruginous. Palpi bright ferruginous, terminal joint ?, whitish.

Antennal ciliations of ¢ 2. Abdomen grey, anal tuft of ¢ pale

ochreous. Forewings oblong, rather narrower in 4, costa very

strongly arched near base, remainder slightly sinuate, apex obtuse,

termen slightly sinuate, little oblique; 7 to termen, 8 to costa ;

rosy-brownish or rosy-fuscous, more or less tinged or suffused with

darker violet-fuscous on dorsal half and posteriorly, darkest in ¢ ;

costal edge ferruginous in 9; a darker brown streak rises from

costa at + and runs above cell to its upper angle ; a white dot at,

lower angle of cell: cilia dark ashy-fuscous. Hindwings with 6

and 7 approximated towards base; cilia in ¢ greyish, in ? pale

ochreous.

CotomstiA, Naranjito, R. Dagua, at 3,900 feet, in June,

1 2; DutcH GuiANA, Paramaribo, in December, 1 9.

Stenoma fluminata, u. sp.

¢ 2, 18-27 mm. Head white, crown suffused with pale brownish.

Palpi white, second joint dark grey except towards apex, terminal

joint 4, tip blackish. Antennal ciliations of ¢ 3. Thorax pale

brownish, shoulders whitish. Abdomen whitish-fuscous, Fore-

wings elongate, rather narrow, costa rather strongly arched towards

base, thence nearly straight, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded,

somewhat oblique, 7 to apex; pale brownish, in disc and towards

dorsum tinged with yellowish and sprinkled with dark fuscous,

towards costa sometimes suffused with whitish; veins more or

less marked with suffused dark fuscous lines ; an undefined streak

of dark fuscous suffusion from base of costa to below middle of dise,

sometimes obsolete posteriorly ; a dentate dark fuscous or blackish

line from 4 of costa, reaching half across wing; plical and second

discal stigmata dark fuscous ; an elongate dark fuscous spot on

costa before middle, and an irregular attenuated streak extending

from middle of costa beneath costa to near apex ; a spot of dark

fuscous suffusion on dorsum beyond middle; a strongly outwards-

curved irregular series of dark fuscous dots from middle of costa

to a dorsal spot before tornus ; a series of dark fuscous marks round

South American Micro-Lepidoptera. 717

posterior part of costa and termen : cilia pale ochreous more or less

mixed with fuscous. Hindwings with 3 and 4 stalked, 6 and 7

stalked ; pale grey ; cilia whitish, with pale grey subbasal line.

COLOMBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November ;

DutcH GUIANA, Paramaribo, in December ; five specimens.

Stenoma orthocapna, n. sp.

Q. 30-31 mm. Head and thorax light lilac-fuscous, Palpi lilac-

fuscous, terminal joint #, whitish. Abdomen fuscous, beneath

ochreous-yellowish. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently

arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, hardly oblique, 7 to apex ;

rather light glossy lilac-fuscous ; a suffused blackish-fuscous longi-

tudinal median streak from base to apex, second discal stigma

appearing as a dark fuscous dot on its lower edge, costal area above

this streak somewhat lighter ; faint dorsal spots of darker suffusion

beyond middle and before tornus, and a faint curved tranverse line

before termen ; indistinct darker dots along termen: cilia brownish.

Hindwings and cilia rather dark fuscous ; 6 and 7 stalked,

BRITISH GUIANA, R. Demerara; two specimens.

HYPONOMEUTIDAE.

Ethmia conglobata, n. sp.

6%. 27-28 mm. Head and thorax grey, face and sides of

crown white. Palpi white, second and terminal joints each with

two black bands. Abdomen grey, apex ochreous-yellow. Fore-

wings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex

obtuse, termen obliquely rounded; white, suffusedly mixed with

dark fuscous, with about sixteen irregularly placed smaller and

larger cloudy dark fuscous spots in disc, the largest and most

conspicuous being one beneath middle of disc and an angulated

series of four from } of costa to dorsum before tornus, beyond

which there are no others ; a clear white streak runs round apical

portion of costa and termen, with a series of black marginal dots

or marks: cilia white. Hindwings without bar between 7 and 8;

grey, in g paler and whitish-tinged towards base ; cilia whitish,

with light grey subbasal line.

CoLomBIA, San Antonio, 5,800 feet, in November; two

specimens.

718 Mr. E. Meyrick on South American Micro-Lepidoptera.

Mrvia chaleodora, uv. sp.

Q. 22 mm. Head white. Palpi whitish. Thorax white, with

blackish spot on each shoulder (dorsum defaced), Abdomen dark

fuscous, segmental margins white, subbasal segment and anal tuft

pale yellow-ochreous. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa

gently arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather oblique ;

ochreous-white; markings dark fuscous with leaden-blue reflec-

tions ; two irregular longitudinal rows of about eight small spots

each extending from base through disc to apical blotch ; a streak

along costa from base to a median blotch, which sometimes absorbs

the two spots of upper series beneath it ; a semioval blotch on

middle of dorsum, enclosing in its upper portion a purple-coppery

spot with some white scales ; a purple-coppery apical blotch : cilia

pale grey, basal third dark purplish-fuscous. Hindwings with

oblique bar between angle of cell and vein 8; whitish, thinly

sealed ; apex suffused with grey ; cilia white.

ARGENTINA, La Plata; two specimens.

TINEIDAE.

BRACHYSYMBOLA, 0. g.

Head loosely rough-haired ; tongue absent. Antennae 4, basal

joint moderately elongate, scaled. Labial palpi moderate, sub-

ascending, second joint shortly rough-scaled, terminal joint very

short, pointed. Maxillary palpi rudimentary. Femora and tibiae

all clothed with long fine hairs. Forewings with 2 from towards

angle, 7 and 8 separate or stalked, 7 to termen, 11 from much before

middle. Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, cilia }; all veins separate,

5 and 6 rather approximated, forked parting-vein well defined.

Brachysymbola sepuleralis, n. sp.

9. 30-32 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore-

wings elongate, rather narrow, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse-

pointed, termen almost straight, oblique; white: cilia white.

Hindwings white, sometimes tinged with grey; cilia white.

Undersurface of all wings suffused with light grey.

ARGENTINA, Tucuman; two specimens.

(719. 5

XXXI. New species of Hawaiian Hymenoptera, with notes

on some previously described. By R. C. L.

PERKINS, D.Sc., M.A., F.E.S.

[Read November 15th, 1911. ]

SINCE the descriptions of the Aculeate Hymenoptera were

completed in the “ Fauna Hawaiiensis,” I have obtained the

old collection formed by the Rev. T. Blackburn, wherein

are a number of types of species that he described himself,

as well as examples of the species that he sent for

description to F. Smith and Cameron. The examination

of this collection has enabled me to settle a number of

doubtful points, and I take the opportunity of describing

some new species. The genus Nesoprosopis, to which the

bees, here described, belong, is very interesting from its

strange and excessive development in the Hawaiian group,

more than fifty species having been described from this

small area. Outside the islands I have, until recently,

been acquainted with only one other species of the genus,

the European WV. kriechbaumeri, Forst., which, by a rather

curious coincidence, since the genus was made by myself

for. the reception of the Hawaiian species, I happened to

be the first to meet with in England. Recently I have

received another species of the genus from Mr. J. C.

Kershaw, collected by him in China, so that it probably

extends right across Europe and Asia, though I suspect

the number of species may be limited. I have included

a description of the Chinese species in this paper. Should

the genus not be found in the New World, one would

naturally conclude that the Hawaiian forms were

descendants of an ancient Asiatic immigrant. I have

found nothing allied to Nesoprosopis in the very numerous

Australian Prosopidae that I have examined. It may

also be noted here that I have received Megachile schau-

inslandi, which was introduced into the islands between

twenty and thirty years ago, amongst some Hymenoptera

collected by Mr. Kershaw. Though its appearance was

Oriental, we had no previous knowledge that it was found

in China.

TRANS. ENT. SOC, LOND. 1911.—PART IV. (JAN.)

720 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on

Odynerus charadrophilus, sp. nov.

Niger, fronte rufonotata, mesopleuris rufomaculatis, propodei

lateribus rufis, scutello rufonotata. Abdominis segmentum primum

utrinque macula rufa antice bilobata ornatum. Alae infuscatae,

caeruleo-iridescentes. Clypeus subtilissime punctatus, apice extremo

laevi, deplanato, haud emarginato, rons dense, nec profunde,

grosse punctata, subnitida. Mesonotum subnitidum, fortiter nec

remote punctatum, interstitiis sparsissime et perinconspicue punc-

tulatis. Scutellum distincte, sat aequaliter, mesonoto subtilius

punctatum. Propodeum remote punctatum. Abdominis segmentum

primum minus breve, parte basali, a latere visa, rotundata, haud

fere recte verticali, distincte nec dense punctatum. Segmentum

secundum dorsale a basi fortius elevatum, obsolete subtiliter

punctatum ; ventrale post costas (satis fortes) anguste depressum,

depressione male definita. Abdomen supra nitidum.

?. Long. ad apicem segmenti 2 abdominalis 8 mm.

Hab. Molokai, 3,000 ft.

Obs. Almost exactly resembles 0. petrobius superficially,

and is found in company with that species and O. micro-

demas, but it is not closely allied to these and is a very

distinct species.

Odynerus hylophilus, sp. nov.

Niger, opacus, fronte rufonotata, mandibulis et apice clypei rufis,

abdominis segmento primo utrinque rufomaculato, secundi dorsalis

lateribus rufis, ventralis basi utrinque rufomaculata. Clypeus

subtiliter punctatus, apice leviter dentato-emarginato. Frons pero-

paca, grosse subobsolete. Mesonotum opacum, subgrossim, remote

nec profunde punctatum, puncturatione interstitiali vix videnda.

Propodeum, a fronte visum, conspicue emarginatum, peropacum,

haud vel vix punctatum, lateribus marginatis. Abdominis segmen-

tum primum, a latere visum, fortiter fere aequaliter curvatum, vix

nitidum, remotius punctatum. Segmentum secundum dorsale

fortiter tuberculatim-elevatum, ventrale post costas distincte sat

fortiter impressum, depressione haud perlata. Alae fortiter infu-

scatae, caerulo-iridescentes.

¢. Long. ad apicem segmenti 2 abdominalis 7 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, in company with O. rubropustulatus,

obscurepunctatus and crypterythrus. Most like the latter,

but the structural differences are so important that it is

very distinct and the alliance doubtful.

New Species of Hawaiian Hymenoptera. 721

Odynerus xerobius, sp. NOV.

Niger, mandibulis rufis, alis infuscatis et in parte costali evidenter

caeruleo-iridescentibus, Clypeus fortiter emarginatus. Frons capitis

subnitida, grossius aequaliter punctata. Mesonotum opacum fere

aequaliter punctatum, interstitiis minutissime satis copiose punctu-

latis, punctulis vix discernendis. Propodeum peropacum, antice

obscure rugosum, sive rugosopunctatum, concavitate sat alta trans-

versim subtiliter rugulosa, rugis curvatis. Abdominis segmentum

primum grosse, nec profunde, suberebre punctatum, antice, a latere

visum, fere verticale. Segmentum secundum dorsale simpliciter

convexum, ventrale post costas fere planum, depressione nulla

definita.

¢. Long. ad apicem segmenti 2 abdominalis circiter 7 mm.

Hab. Lanai. I am not at all sure as to the affinities

of this rather obscure but distinct species. It may be

most closely allied to O. thersites of Hawaii, but it is very

different.

Nesoprosopis hula, sp. nov.

Mas niger ; clypeus macula magna, antice dilatata, flava ornatus,

lateribus ad 2 longitudinis basalique margine extremo nigris, macula

extra clypeum{utrinque plus minus triangularia et ad basim clypei

postice extensa, flava. Articulus primus antennarum antice flavo-

marginatus, pronoti tuberculis etiam postice flavo-lineatis. Tarsi

omnes, tibiae anteriores, macula postica excepta, tibiae intermediae

ad basim apicemque, tibiae posteriores ad basim late et ad apicem

anguste, flavi vel flavescentes. Alae hyalinae, venis cum stigmate

nigrofuscis. Caput, a fronte visum, latum, oculis fortiter conver-

gentibus, genis longitudine mediocribus, laminae supra clypearis

margine antico margine laterali (usque ad forsan antennalem) haud

longiore, fronte dense subtiliter punctata, plaga pernigra carente.

Antennarum articulus primus subtriangularis fortiter dilatatus,

evidenter tamen longior quam latior, margine postico fortiter

rotundato, antico fere recto, subtus distincte concavus. Caput

cum mesonoto pubescentia minus a et erecta vestitum. Mesono-

tum minutissime quasi granulatim, subtilissime obsolete sparsim

punctulatum, haud nitidum, propodeo ad marginem anteriorem

brevissime longitudinaliter rugosum, caetera parte tantum micro-

scopice sculpturata.

Long. 5 mm.

Femina nigra, pedibus nigris, capite linea tenui flava orbitali

utrinque ornato, pronoti margine postico utrinque leviter flavonotato,

tibiis anticis antice testaceo-maculatis. Caput latum, genis distinctis,

T22 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on

brevioribus, fronte densissime ruguloso-punctata. Mesonotum

peropacum, quasi minutissime granulatum et subtilissime et obso-

letissime punctatum, linea mediali laevi ad medium mesonotum

extensa, propodeo rugulis perpaucis brevissimis ad marginem

anteriorem, vix videndis, sculpturato, caetera parte tantum micro-

scopice sculpturata, quam mesonotum multo minus opaco. Abdomen

laeve, haud evidenter punctatum,

Long. 6 mm.

The male of this species in my tables (Fauna Haw. II,

601) would probably be run down to twenty-eight,

N. mauiensis, which is quite different, having a black

clypeus. If, as is quite likely, it sometimes has two small

yellow spots on the pronotum, a specimen so marked

would run down to NV. kona, to which it really is allied.

Hab, Hawawt, Kilauea, on Myoporun.,

Nesoprosopis filicum, sp. nov.

Mas niger, clypeo macula magna flava antice dilatata ornato,

marginibus lateralibus et basi nigris, extra clypeum utrinque macula

flava orbitali post antennas acute prolongata. Pedes nigricantes,

tibiis anterioribus antice flavescentibus. Alae leviter infuscatae,

venis nigrofuscis. Angustus, genis brevibus, lamine supraclypeari

brevi, sutura apicali quam sutura lateralis longiore. Antennarum

articulus primus fortiter dilatatus, longior tamen quam latior,

margine postico fortiter rotundato, margine antico fere recto, angulo

apicali quasi producto, subtus fortiter arcuatus. Frons capitis

densissime punctata, plaga parva mediali nigriore minus distincta.

Caput cum mesonoto pubescentia tenui erecta fusca vestitum, Meso-

notum peropacum, subtilissime obsoletim punctatum, propodeo sat

longo, ad marginem anticam brevissime, inconspicue rugoso, caetera

parte densissime microscopice sculpturata, postice nitidula. Abdomen

haud evidenter punctatum.

Long. 5 mm.

This species would run to the heading of WN. mauiensis

in my table, and is allied to that species.

Hab. Hawa, Kilauea, flying round ferns.

Nesoprosopis homoeochroma, sp. nov.

Mas niger, clypeo more N. hulae flavonotato, juxta clypeum

utrinque macula flava triangularia magna, haud post antennas pro-

ducta, pronoto postice bilineato, tuberculis etiam flavonotatis.

Tibiae anteriores antice cum articulo tarsorum basali flavescentes,

caeteris articulis pallide brunneis. Tibiae intermediae et posticae

New Species of Hawaiian Hymenoptera. 723

ad basim minus late flavae, tarsis, excepto basali articulo plus minus

flavescenti, fusco-brunneis.

Caput a fronte visum sat breve, laminae supraclypearis sutura

anteriore et laterali fere aequilonyis, fronte densissime punctata,

media parte plaga pernigra, densissime sculpturata, conspicue

signata, Antennarum articulus primus fortiter dilatatus, subtri-

angularis, evidenter longior quam latior, margine posteriori rotun-

dato, anteriori fere recto, supra punctatus, subtus arcuatus. Meso-

notum opacum, densissime et minutissime quasi granulatum,

subtilissime fere aequaliter nec dense punctatum, pubescentia fusca

longiore erecta vestitum, scutello opaco et mesonoto evidenter fortius

punctato. Propodeum vix subnitidum, ad marginem anteriorem

brevissime longitudinaliter rugosum, caetera parte quasi granulata

(sive microscopice reticulata). Abdomen subnitidum, haud aut vix

punctatum. Alae hyalinae, venis nigrofuscis.

6. Long. 4°5 mm.

In my table this species would be included with J.

kona, kauatensis and wnica, but it is not allied to any

of these, and would be distinguished at once from the

former by the colour of the legs and many other

characters, from the latter two by the much less wide

supraclypeal plate, etc. It is nearest to NV. coniceps, but

apart from colour the process of the eighth ventral segment

is less dilated before the apical bifurcation. It cannot be

considered as the f of JV. specularis without good evidence

to associate the two.

Hab. Hawai, Kilauea, with WV. duwmetorum, and looking

like a brightly marked example of that species.

Nesoprosopis pele, sp. nov.

Mas niger, colore fere N. homoeochromi, sed macula clypeari

paullo breviore et minore, maculis lateralibus postice subtruncatis,

pronoto tuberculisque haud flavonotatis, tarsis anterioribus parum

pallidis, articulo basali ad basim paullo flavescente, alis distincte

infuscatis.

Caput, a fronte visum, subrotundatum, lamina supracleari brevi,

margine anteriore quam margo lataralis perspicue longiore. Antennae

fere N. homoeochromae similes. Frontis plaga pernigra medialis

multo minus distincta. Mesonotum opacum, sparsius et remotius

obsoletim punctatum. Area propodei ad marginem anteriorem

brevissime rugosa, post hune peropaca et densissime sculpturata,

ad declivitatum tantum subnitida. Abdomen subnitidum, vix

punctatum.

6. Long. 4°5 mm.

724 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on

Would run to . heading of VV. mawiensis in the table,

except for the yellow-marked clypeus. Structurally it

differs from that species in the structure of the scape of

the antennae, etc. I cannot consider it to be the ¢ of

NV. specularis.

Hab. Hawatt: Kilauea.

Formerly I confused it (as well as NW. homoeochromus)

with NV. dwmetorum, but the essential structural characters

of the latter as given in my original description are

correct.

Nesoprosopis coniceps, Blackburn.

I now possess the types of this species, and the speci-

mens, from which I redescribed it, were rightly identified.

In rare varieties the lateral facial spots, adjoining the

clypeus, are greatly reduced in size, but I have seen none

in which they are altogether wanting.

Nesoprosoms psammobia, sp. nov.

Mas niger, clypeo duabusque maculis lateralibus, postice ad forsas

antennales extensis, flavis, clypei suturis lateralibus nigricantibus,

tarsis omnibus atris, tibiis anterioribus antice flavomaculatis, lamina

supraclypeari saepe flavopunctata.

Caput, a fronte visum, utrinque longitudinaliter impressum,

lamina supraclypeari minus elongata, sutura apicali ac satura

lateralis fere aeque longa. Frons densissime punctata. Antennarum

articulus primus fortiter dilatatus, sed longior quam latior, margine

postico fortiter rotundato, margine anteriore fere recto, subtus

distincte arcuatus. Mesonotum opacum, dense aequaliter, nec

profunde, punctatum, scutello paullo fortius aequaliter punctato.

Propodei area antica ubique rugosa et opaca. Abdomen subnitidum,

vix punctatum, marginibus apicalibus segmentorum pallescentibus.

Processus apicalis segmenti 8 ventralis fortiter curvatus, parum

dilatatus, apice bifurcato.

Femina ‘nigra, antennarum flagello subtus ferrugineo, clypei

apice transversim flavonotato, duabus lineis orbitalibus, post

antennas haud extensis, flavis, tibiis anterioribus antice ferrugineo-

maculatis. Nonnunquam caput totum nigrum, notis nullis flavis.

Frons capitis distincte nitida, densissime punctata, evidenter

pubescens. Mesonotum fere opacum, distincte aequaliter dense

punctatum, propodeo longitudinaliter rugoso, a fronte viso, sub-

nitido. Abdomen plus minusve nitidum, fere impunctatum, pilis

apicalibus fuscescentibus.

3 ¢. Long. circiter 6 mm.

New Species of Hawarvian Hymenoptera. 725

This species is difficult to place. I think it belongs to

the blackburni group, but it shows some affinities with

the facilis group. In the table it would, if considered

as having the process of the eighth ventral segment not

dilated, be run down to anthracina, to which it is some-

what allied ; if the process be considered dilated, of which

there is slight indication, it would run to the heading of

NV. assimulans, to which it is still more closely allied.

The variation in the colour of the face in the ? is very

remarkable and unusual.

Hab, HAWwAtIr; a littoral or sublittoral species.

Nesoprosopis chinensis, sp, nov.

Mas niger, capite prae antennis flavo, hoc colore paullo post

antennas juxta oculus acute producto, antennarum articulo primo

antice flavolineato, flagello, subtus ferrugineo. Pronotum utrinque

cum tuberculis et tegulis flavonotatis. Tibiae anteriores supra

tarsique flavi; intermediae ad basim cum tarsis flavae, horum

articulis apicalibus flavotestaceis ; posteriores ad basim late flavae,

tarsorum articulo basali flavo, sequentibus testaceis, apicali fusco.

Clypeus haud laevis, dense et parum profunde punctatus, lamina

supraclypeari lata, sutura apicali, quam lateralis, permulto longiore.

Antennarum articulus primus subdilatatus, circiter bis longior quam

latior, subtus distincte arcuatus. Frons capitis densissime punctata.

Mesonotum distincte denseque aequaliter punctatum, scutello post-

scutelloque, quam mesonotum, rugosius punctatis. Propodei area

anterior nitida, glabra, rugis transversis compluribus fortissimis

ornata, caeteris partibus rugosis, et pubescentia pallida vestitis.

Alae hyalinae, venis fuscis, vena subcostali cum stigmate obscuriore.

Abdominis segmentum primum pernitidum, remote et subtilis-

sime punctatum, margine apicali latera versus densius pubescente,

segmento secundo densius punctato.

Long. circiter 6-7 mm.

Abdominis armatura genitalis angusta, stipitibus angustis, sub-

acutis, parce pilosis, post sagittas (in aspectu dorsali) extensis,

segmento 8 ventrali (in aspectu ventrali) longe producto, processu

ubique dilatato, suberecto, apice bifurcato et dilatato, et pilis longis

vestito.

Hab. CHINA: Macao and West River as far as Kwei-

yuen (Kershaw).

The Blackburnian collection of Aculeata, when received

by me, was generally in good condition, excepting that the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IV. (JAN.) 3B

726 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on

specimens were in need of cleaning, and some specimens,

not of much importance, were in process of destruction

from the formation of verdigris.

Odynerus hawanensis, Bl. Under this name a number

of species were confused. As mentioned in the “ Fauna

Hawaiiensis,” a specimen sent to me by Mr. Blackburn, as

representing this species, was a female of Pscudopterocheilus

pterocheiloides, and I suggested that O. hawatiensis might

really be my O. erythrognathus. As a matter of fact, five

of the twelve examples are evythrognathus. The individual,

however, which bears the type label, is unfortunately the

very distinct 0. venator, and as this individual is specially

referred to in the original description as being a variety,

it seems doubtful whether it can be accepted as the type

of the species. If the name “ hawaiiensis” be accepted

at all, it should, I think, sink my species 0. erythrognathus

rather than O. venator, in spite of the type label. On the

other hand, the description of O. hawawensis was made

from a series of such different species that one may well

doubt whether it ought not to be disregarded. Thus five

specimens, as above mentioned, are my Odynerus erythro-

gnathus, one, the type, is O. venator, one is O. thersites, three

are Pseudopterocheilus pteracheiloides, one 1s Chelodynerus

chelifer, and one is Nesodynerus egens. The confusion of

species 1s due to the fact that Mr. Blackburn followed

Smith in his system of description of the Hawaiian

Hymenoptera, and paid no attention to the mouth parts,

mandibles, second abdominal ventral segment, and the

tibial spurs.

Odynerus vulcanus, Bl. The examples referred to as

varieties are O. konanus, P.

O. haleakalae, Bl. This, or rather the type, is, as I

suggested, my O. ecostatus, but it also included one

O. lanatensis, P., and one O. laevisulcatus, P.

O. agilis, Smith. Now known as 0. smithii, D.T., the

name agilis having previously been used by Smith in the

genus. The Blackburnian series consists of O. smithii 4,

O. socialibus many, O. scoriaceus 2, O. peles 1.

O, dubiosus, Sm. The types are as identified by me,

but Blackburn’s specimens included 0. pterophaennes, P.

O. insulicola, Bl. The series contained one Nesodynerus

cooki, P., or a form representing that species on Mau.

0. kirbyi, D.T. (=O. extraneus, Kirby) is represented

by one O. kauaiensis, P., only.

New Species of Hawarvian Hymenoptera. i)

S localis, Sm., 1s represented by one O. radula, Fab.,

only.

Crabro adspectans, Bl., is my Nesocrabro daemonius, which

becomes a synonym.

Crabro mauwiensis, Bl., is a yellow-spotted 2 of Crabro

mandibularis, Sm.

The female Crabro suggested as belonging to the ¢ of

C. abnormis, Bl., is the 2 of my Hylocrabro tumidoventris,

the ¢ of which occurred in the series of Xenocrabro

unicolor, Sm.

The Blackburnian specimens of Mimesa antennata,

as named by Smith, were a closely allied species, my

Nesomimesa nitida,

Nesoprosopis facilis, Sm., on which Blackburn published

some remarks, included also J. koac, P., from Oahu, and

NV. difficilis from Hawaii.

A long series of LV. blackburni, Sm., of which I have

seen the types, contained only one true blackburni, most

of the specimens being JV. longiceps, P., with N. obscwrata,

P., from Hawaii.

It is proper to remark that in Odynerus the characters

of the second ventral segment being at the time the

Hawaiian insects were described hardly ever utilised by

hymenopterists, and the concealed male terminal segments

ot Prosopis not at all, the confusion of species is not at all

to be wondered at.

O. conifer, P., subsequently referred by me to the genus

Nesodynerus, was wrongly so referred. The specimen that

J examined was an old one, and no doubt had the calcaria

broken. They are present in the type.

Pison argentatum, Sh. This is a recent introduction

into the Hawaiian islands, and the species was kindly

determined for me by Mr. R. E. Turner. It was described

from Mauritius, and is also recorded from Singapore

and Borneo. I have no doubt it will be found to

occur in China or Japan, and was thence introduced

into Honolulu.

3B2

( 728 )

XXXII. Notes on Hawaiian Hemiptera, with descriptions

of new species. By R. C. L. Perkins, D.Sc.,

M.A., F.E.S.

* [Read November 15th, 1911. ]

NABIDAE.

Reduviolus, Kirby.

In September 1909 Kirkaldy published a revision of the

Hawanan species of Reduviolus, this being his final one

of several papers on the subject, each of these several

papers giving very different conclusions. I have had

occasion to make some study of the Hawaiian species at

different times, both when naming my own specimens,

and later when it became necessary for me to straighten

out the Hawaiian collection, entrusted to Kirkaldy by the

Sandwich Island Committee. This latter collection, owing

to his sad and unexpected death, was left in great con-

fusion and required much work before it could be arranged

and the types determined, and for the same reason the

proofs of his last contribution to the “ Fauna Hawaiiensis”

were unrevised. Having in my own possession the Black-

burnian collection of Hawaiian Hemiptera, I have been

able to compare specimens of the species described by

Blackburn and White with those more lately collected.

Kirkaldy’s revision, above mentioned, was published in

the Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. II, p. 49 et seq. His work on

the genus contained in the “Fauna Hawaiiensis,” II,

p- 546 et seq., was written before this revision, but was

not published till December 1910, or after his death.

Consequently a number of the species given in the “ Fauna

Hawaiiensis” are sunk in the revision published earlier.

There are also in the latter a number of serious and almost

inexplicable errors connected with the sex of the insects

therein described. Thus of R. nubigenus it is said, “I have

no males now before me,” but the actual type which

Kirkaldy was using was a ¢; of RB. nubicola, “of this I

have not seen a male,” but the type is a f; of RF. procellaris,

“male yellowish-brown,” but the unique type is a &.

RR. oscillans is sunk under subrufus, but the two are

distinct, and I suspect that the examples called oclensis

by Kirkaldy are pale examples of swhrufus. KR. subrufus,

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IV. (JAN.)

Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Hawaiian Hemiptera. 729

Kirkaldy = R. oscillans, Blackburn. For the species, which

he originally called &. rubritinctus (having quite overlooked

the head spines), he subsequently made a subgenus Milu,

calling the species &. kerasphoros. Rh. rubritinetus, Black-

burn, is quite distinct from this, the basal antennal joint

being much less incrassate, and there are no head spines.

Blackburn did not collect 2. kerasphoros, though it is not

rare close to Honolulu. The unique type of R&. koelensis,

Bl, is much damaged, but is evidently extremely like

ft. subrufus (=? koelensis, Kirk.), and probably only a

variety of this. Reduviolus montivagus, Kirk., afterwards

considered to be a variety of £&. tarai, is, I think, certainly

not that species, but is probably the f of &. sharpianus.

Kirkaldy says that he has not seen a male of montivagus,

but the unique type is a f~. &. volcanicola, Kirk., is a

synonym of L. curtipennis, Bl., the type of which I possess.

CAPSIDAE.

Jyrtopeltis confusa, sp. NOV.

Entirely pale, flavescent, or sometimes more or less greenish

tinged, in dark varieties with the clavus, apex of corium and of the

cuneus infuscate, as also more or less of the basal antennal joint,

and the pronotum may be mottled with fuscous. Head and pro-

notum with very sparse hairs, the head smooth and shining.

Antennae long and slender, if laid back they would reach to or

nearly to the apex of the tegmina, basal joint elongate, about four

times as long as wide, second and third about equal and very slender,

the fourth only about half as long as the second. Pronotum appear-

ing elongate, being much narrowed in front, about twice as wide at

the base as on its front margin, about as long as its width at the

middle, its front lobe rather strongly convex, clothed with short

pale pubescence like the tegmina, its hind margin strongly emar-

ginate. Legs very long and slender, the hind femora with short

pubescence and a row of fine, widely separated, bristles above, the

tibiae pubescent and with longish pale bristles. Hind tibiae nearly

three times as long as the tarsi.

Length 35-4 mm.

¢ with the terminal ventral segment very asymmetrical, produced

on one side into a long process, dilated at the apex. On its inner

side dorsally this production of the segment gives off a slender

process, which is very strongly bent. Fig. A shows the outline of

this segment in ventral aspect and the process subdorsally.

730 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on

Hab. OAHU, common in all stages on Gouldia in the

mountains.

Obs. This is the species referred to by Kirkaldy in his

supplement to the Hemiptera, “Fauna Haw.,” II, p. 553,

as Cyrtopeltis hawaviensis, but it clearly has nothing to do

with that species, described in the same work, p. 138.

The original series of OC. hawatiensis, excepting the type

set, was destroyed during one of Mr. Kirkaldy’s illnesses

in hospital for want of attention. There was therefore

no reason to assume, without comparison of specimens, that

his original description of Cyrtopeltis was erroneous. I

have an example trom near the Waianae coast of Oahu,

which agrees exactly with Kirkaldy’s description of @.

hawaiiensis, but is rather smaller. J should think C. con-

fusa is decidedly not even congeneric with C. hawavensis,

the very different antennae and pronotum, the larger and

more coarsely faceted eyes and many other distinctions

separating the two. At present, however, it is only neces-

sary to call attention to the existing confusion of species

with entirely different habits and appearance, especially as

C’. confusa is one of the most familiar endemic Hemiptera

of the Honolulu district. C. hawaviensis will probably be

found on Dodonaea viscosa, which grows freely both above

and below the true forest belt.

Tichorhinus tantali, sp. nov.

Colour in well-preserved dry specimens after four or five years

preservation as follows: head, pronotum anteriorly, scutellum and

legs yellow, sometimes more or less greenish tinged, pronotum

Hawatvian Hemiptera. 731

posteriorly and tegmina green; clavus for the most part blackish,

membrane smoky black, with a clear area adjoining and extending

behind the cuneus. Second and following joints of the antennae

dark, the second sometimes yellow except at the apex. Basal joint

of antennae about three times as long as wide ; second about 1} the

length of the third, fourth about ? as long as the latter. Eyes

nearly similar in the sexes. Head, thorax and tegmina with pale

pubescence. Bristles of the hind tibiae pale, the tarsi more or less

dark.

Length 2-2 to about 3 mm.

dé with the right and left clasper very unlike, the one wide and

blunt at the apex with a tuft or area of very long hairs towards the

base, the other narrow and elongate, somewhat twisted, with a

chitinous hook at the apex, preceded by a sharp angle ; hairs near

the base much shorter than on the other clasper (Fig. B).

This small and delicate species resembles some varieties

T. kanakanus, but it is much smaller, very little variable

and quite distinct structurally. Owing to the variability

of some of the Hawaiian Tichorhinus the number of

species is quite uncertain, and probably will remain so

until the claspers and other male characters are thoroughly

investigated.

Hab. OAnU, one of the commonest insects on Mt. Tan-

talus, near Honolulu, on the leaves of the Urticaceous

tree Pipturus. It is also found in widely separated localities

on the island.

Tichorhinus kirkaldyt, sp. nov.

Colour almost as in typical 7. kekele, Kirk., but much smaller and

easily distinguished structurally by the short basal joint of the

antennae, which is only about twice as long as wide. Tegmina seen

from in front or from the side with black hairs and no appressed

golden pubescence. Hairs of the head and pronotum and the

bristles of the hind tibiae black. Membrane smoky, with a white

spot adjoining the cuneus. Hind tibiae hardly four times as long

as the tarsi. The second joint of the antennae is much wider in

proportion to its length than that of O. kekele.

Length about 2°5 mm,

Hab. Hawau, Kilauea; found on Cyathodes.

732 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on

LYGAEIDAE.

Nysius nitidus, F, B.-W.

Blackburn’s specimens are from Lanai and Maui, and

some, if not all, of them are clearly identical with J.

saundersianus, Kirkaldy. Unless, therefore, the actual

type proves to be different from these, sawndersianus

becomes a synonym. JV. itidus is a common insect, often

swarming in all stages on the Urticaceous tree, Urera, but

it is not confined to it. It is known from all the islands,

excepting Kauai.

Nysius maniensis, Bl.

This is the only type in Blackburn’s collection of Vysius

that isin bad condition and in a fragmentary state, and it

is one of the few previously described species that Kirkaldy

identified (I believe, correctly) from the description. It is

known from Hawaii and Lanai, as well as Maui.

Nysius arboricola, F. B.-W.

A very variable species, common throughout the

mountains of Oahu, usually frequenting the branches of

trees, living or dead. The variation affects not only the

colour, but also the form and sculpture of the insect. It

is the type of Kirkaldy’s subgenus Oceanides, and his

specific name nimbatus becomes a synonym.

Nysius rubescens, F. B.-W.

I have only taken this at Kilauea, Hawaii. It was left

unnamed by Kirkaldy, who had specimens from that

locality. The upper angle of the metapleura is very little

prominent, so that the emargination is slight. The hind

femora are pale, with inconspicuous or little spotting.

Nysius dallasi, F. B.-W.

A pale stramineous species, with a conspicuous longitudinal black

band on each side of the head, bordering the eyes, and the pro-

thoracic callosities also black ; femora rather sparsely and incon-

spicuously spotted; metapleura distinctly emarginate, but the

upper angle is not very strongly produced backwards. Superficially

it is most like a pallid IV. delectus.

Hawaiian Hemiptera. 733

Nysius longicollis, Bl.

A pale, dull, and pubescent species, with black longitudinal bands

along the inner orbits and a rather wide transverse band across the

pronotum, produced backwards in the middle as a median longi-

tudinal band, not reaching the hind margin ; two dark lines on the

corium, starting about the middle of its length and almost appearing

as a single elongate mark, unless the wings are spread, and running

into a dark line along the apical margin, the membrane smoky,

divided by pale longitudinal lines, two middle areas being darker

than the others; femora very conspicuously black-spotted, both

inwardly and outwardly ; metapleura slightly concave, the upper

angle rounded and very prominent.

Known to me only by the unique type, but on Maui is a

closely allied species or local form. Probably a sublittoral,

or at least not a forest insect.

Nysius whiter, F. B.-W.

A more or less testaceous or yellowish-brown species, shining and

glabrous, with a median yellow line on the head, the pronotal

callosities not dark; metapleura quite strongly emarginate, the

upper angle being strongly produced. There is a median dark spot

formed along the line of union of the clavi, three along the apical

margin of each corium and one at the base of the membrane,

adjoining the middle one of the three corial spots. Front and

middle legs clear yellowish, hind femora with a dark band beyond

the middle.

The single specimen in Blackburn’s collection is from

Hawaii.

Nysius delectus, F. B.-W.

This is not the NV. delectus of Kirkaldy, that very

common insect being left unnamed in Blackburn’s collec-

tion or labelled WV. delectus? N. No. 100, N. No. 71, ete.

True delectus is distinguished by the darker antennae, the

much more strikingly marked femora, the widely black

apices of the hind tibiae, etc. The specimens are all from

Oahu, and I have only seen those collected by Mr. Black-

burn. The WV. delectus of Kirkaldy is ubiquitous in the

islands.

Nysius blackburni, F. B.-W.

This is WV. lichenicola, Kirkaldy, a species common on

Maui and Hawaii, and very variable in colour.

734 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on

Nysius vulean, F. B.-W.

This is common at Kilauea, Hawaii, and specimens from

this locality and considered (probably rightly) by Kirkaldy

as identical with others from Lanai and Molokai, which he

described as WV. montiwvagus, are clearly N. vulean. The

actual type of WV. montivagus is from Lanai.

N. pteridicola, ¥. B.-W.

This distinct species is the one described as new by

Kirkaldy under the name J. insulivagus.

NV. coenosulus, St.

Buchanan-White and Kirkaldy identified the same

species under this name, but the latter had mixed there-

with some quite different species, including NV. nemorivagus,

F. B-W.

NV. nemoriwagus, F. B.-W.

This is a very distinct species, the dark antennae, the

pale mottled tegmina and conspicuously black-spotted

femora being evident superficial characters. The meta-

pleura are very little emarginate in some examples, more

so in others. It occurs at Kilauea, and was apparently

considered a variety of NV. coenosulus by Kirkaldy.

N. kamehameha, Kirk.

This appears to me to be very close to the true J.

delectus, F. B.-W.

NV. ochriasis, Kirk.

Usually found in the native composite plants, Railardia.

NV. oribasus, Kirk.

Probably a dark variety of the very variable NV. arbori-

cola, F. B.-W.

N. oresitrophus, Kirk.

The unique type has evidently been placed in a damp

jar for relaxation until the gum has spread over the whole

surface. Until cleaned it is in no condition for being

described. The description will probably be found

incorrect.

Hawatian Hemiptera. 735

N. monticola, Kirk.

I have a specimen. of the other sex from Haleakala,

Maui. The rostrum appears rather shorter, but it is

clearly the same species.

N. nubicola, Kirk.

The rostrum reaches behind the hind coxae in this

species, and far behind the coxae in JN. pteridicola. LN.

nubicola is the No. 120 of the Blackburnian collection,

but was never described.

NV. hylaeus, Kirk.

Described from Kauai, occurs also as a variety with the

dark markings less developed on Oahu.

Nysius haleakalae, sp. nov.

Glabrous, smooth and shining, the rostrum shortish (if laid back

probably reaching about to the hind coxae), hind margin of meta-

pleura hardly concave, the upper angle almost a rectangle. Allied

to Nysius whitei. Colour brownish-yellow, the head especially and

part of the corium suffused with red. Hind lobe of the pronotum,

except the hind margin, and much of the clavus and corium dark

brown or infuscate; membrane with median conspicuous dark

longitudinal band of infuscation. Front and middle legs wholly

pale, yellow; the hind femora dark on more than the apical half,

excepting the pale apex itself, their base as well as the tibiae and

tarsi pale. Antennae yellow, asmall spot at the base of the 2nd and

3rd joints dark. Head very smooth and shining, without rugulosity.

Pronotum with a transverse row of punctures behind the front

margin, another row behind the callosities, behind this very sparsely

and subobsoletely punctate; scutellum pale, with dark punctures

along each side. Tegmina smooth and shining. Abdomen beneath

black, except the red apex and lateral margins.

¢. Length 4°5 mm.

Distinguished from JV. whitei by the more widely banded

hind femora, less emarginate metapleura, smoother head,

etc.

Hab. Mauvt, Haleakala, below 2,000 ft.

Nysvus hiloensis, sp. nov.

Flavescent, shining, the head black ; the head and pronotum with

very delicate pubescence, hardly noticeable except on the black

736 & R. C. L. Perkins on

head, where its golden colour renders it more evident. Antennae

pale, scape near the tip and extreme base of the following joints with

a small dark spot. Clypeus, a line adjoining it on each side, and

one surrounding each eye, yellow. Pronotum flavescent, the callosi-

ties rather browner, the hind angles with a dark spot and sometimes

a median one between these ; seutellum more or less brownish-

suffused, dark only in the extreme front ; tegmina, with the corium

and clavus, generally more sordid than the pronotum, but the former

quite pale along the costal margin, at the apex of which is a dark

spot ; membrane with a conspicuous large smoky-black apical median

spot, and a round one near the corium. Owing to the transparency

of the membrane, when the tegmina are closed two round spots are

naturally seen, one belonging to each membrane, followed by a large

apical wedge-shaped mark. Legs yellow, the hind femora generally

feebly and sparsely spotted with fuscous.

Rostrum short, reaching to the metasternum, the metapleura

conspicuously emarginate behind, the upper angle acutely produced.

Head dull, very minutely rugulose or subgranulate; pronotum

shining, moderately closely punctured, the callosities, a narrow

median line, and the extreme hind margin impunctate.

6. Length 3-4:5 mm.

Hab. Hawatt, Hilo, about 1,200 ft.

Nysius comitans, sp. Nov.

General appearance and colour almost identical with that of NV.

hiloensis, but it differs as follows: the head is reddish or brownish,

sometimes infuscate in front and with a very distinct median longi-

tudinal pale yellow line, which, however, does not form a percurrent

stripe with the clypeus ; all the femora bear conspicuous black dots,

the infuscate pattern of the membrane is generally much fainter, the

meso- and metapleura are reddish or reddish-brown (in hiloensis they

vary in colour but are partly or sometimes nearly wholly black).

Metapleura conspicuously emarginate behind, as in hiloensis, but

the rostrum is long and reaches well behind the posterior coxae ;

sculpture and clothing as in N. hiloensis.

6 2. Length 4-4-5 mm.

Hab. Hawatt, Hilo, about 1,200 ft.

Nyswus delectulus, sp. nov.

This name may be used for the extremely abundant insect called

N. delectus by Kirkaldy. It is very like that species, but may easily

be distinguished by red or pale second and third antennal joints,

which are either all black above in delectus or at least widely dark at

Hawaiian Hemiptera. 737

the base. The femora are more or less conspicuously spotted, but

less so than in delectus, in which on the upper side of all the femora

the black spots often unite to form a continuous line and the apices

of the tibiae are much more black.

This species varies much in size and in the colour of the head,

In some examples there is only a narrow longitudinal median pale

line on this part, in others the whole of the middle of the head in

front is widely red.

NV. delectulus is the Nysius 101 from Hawaii and 71

from Maui of the Blackburnian collection. Specimens

from Oahu are wrongly named J. coenosulus.

Hab. All the islands from sea level to high elevations in

the mountains.

Nysius sublittoralis, sp. nov.

Rufescent, dull, covered with whitish fine appressed pubescence,

a longitudinal stripe along each side of the head, the region of the

callosities, forming a band across the pronotum, one or more areas

on the scutellum, black or dark-coloured ; clypeus white, or whitish.

Tegmina with the widely explanate costal margins of the corium

conspicuously white in fresh examples, all the rest of the corium

and the clavus appearing comparatively sordid, in old examples

yellow, a conspicuous dark longitudinal stripe down the middle of

the corium and generally a dark line on each side of this, each about

equidistant from it and subparallel, apical angle without a dark spot ;

membrane white with two dark longitudinal stripes, and sometimes

a third. Legs of an obscure reddish colour, the femora with only

very inconspicuous darker dots, or without any.

A very narrow, elongate species, the rostrum reaching only to the

base of the hind coxae, the metapleura with the hind margin

truncate or nearly so. Pronotum very long, the punctures rather

fine and dense and much more even than in most of the other

species. Head with only some fine punctures, not at all rugulose,

but the sculpture is in fresh examples concealed beneath the

tomentose clothing and that of the pronotum appears more sparse

than is really the case.

Length g 9, 4-5°5 mm.

This species appears to resemble NV. longicollis more

closely than any other species, but it is very distinct by

the more widely explanate costal margins of the tegmina,

the unspotted or faintly marked femora, ete. Blackburn

took specimens on Maui (Vysiws No. 72).

Hab. OAHU, Maui, on the lowlands; Hawaii in the

higher fields of sugar cane.

(738.9)

all

XXXII. On the nictitans group of the Genus Hydroecia,

Gn. By the Rev. UC. R. N. Burrows, F.ES.

[Read December 6th, 1911.]

Puiates LI-LVIII.

Ir will be remembered that Mr. Tutt delivered a short

address upon the “Separation of British Species of

Hydroecia” before this Society on March 16th, 1910.

The address was illustrated by drawings of the four

different forms of genitalia in both sexes, which Mr.

Pierce and I had detected in the insects which had been

included by most Lepidopterists under the name of

Hydroecia nictitans. It was with great pleasure that I

listened to Mr. Tutt, as I felt that it was only right that

he, who had twenty years before suggested the specific

distinctness of H. paludis and H. lucens, should make the

announcement that this distinctness had been clearly

proved. Unfortunately, it was not at that time possible

to publish the illustrations which are so necessary to

elucidate the points of difference between insects which

resemble one another so closely, and it was understood

that later on Mr. Tutt would put the matter more

definitely before the Society. He had taken up the

matter whole-heartedly, was engaged in examining the

points himself, and supervising the execution of the

necessary illustrations, when his last illness overtook him,

and the matter had to be shelved.

It is under these circumstances that I have been urged

to carry out what Mr. Tutt planned, and I ask indulgence

if I seem to fall short of the lucidity which that lamented

entomologist could command.

In the “ Entomologist” for 1888, p. 307, I find what I

believe to be the first public intimation of Mr. Tutt’s

dissatisfaction with the specific identity of the various

forms then accepted as H/. nictitans. He there treats the

form which he names paludis as a local race, or variety,

of nictitans. Lucens, which had been introduced as a

separate species by Freyer and accepted by Herrich-

Schaeffer as such, he recognises as “really mictitans,

and not distinct.”

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IV. (JAN.)

nictitans group of the Genus Hydroecia. 739

When he published his work on “The Variation of the

British Noctuidae,” British entomologists were still content

to recognise as one single species all the various forms

which they called H. nictitans. He, in the first volume

(1891), tentatively suggested that under this name we

had really two, if not three, different species: and actually

separated the forms paludis, Tutt, and lucens, Frr., as

sub-species, from niectitans, L.

In 1895 (“Entom. Record,” vol. vii, p. 78), he published

an article, nominally by T. Acton, but actually by himself,

under the title, “ Varieties of Noctuidae at Warrington,”

in which he deals again with these puzzling forms, and

states that further information supported what he had

written and to a large extent had emphasised the dis-

tinctness of nictitans, paludis, and lucens.

Dr. J. B. Smith in 1899-1900 published his paper dealing

with the North American Hydroecias,* and figured the

“clasps” (“valves”) of thirty-six species, thirty-five

American, and one which he calls nictitans. The figure

is not of sictitans, but probably lucens, or possibly paludis.

He writes of nictitans, but does not give the faintest in-

dication that he has heard that Tutt had already stated

his conviction, that European nictitans could be differenti-

ated into three probable species. Nor is an American,

who might be excused, the only writer who has appeared

ignorant of what has been done and suggested by Tutt

in this investigation. Dr. Smith says of the American

species, “These species, which have in the past been

considered as identical with European nictitans, agree in

trigonate, pointed primaries, which are in general a shade

of brick-red, and in which the outer margin is even. In

general maculation all are alike, having all the usual lines

and spots, and none of them strongly contrasting. The

lines are a deeper shade of red-brown, and the transverse

posterior line is geminate, the inner portion crenulate or

lunate, the outer even. The ordinary spots may be yellow,

white or concolorous, within the limits of the same species,

but there are no other white shadings. In the common

Eastern species there is no one prominent feature, and the

secondaries are reddish or smoky. This, from its general

* Contributions towards a monograph of the Noctuidae of Boreal

North America. Revision of the Hydroecia, Gn., by J. B. Smith.

Transactions of the American Entomological Society, vol. xxvi,

1899-1900.

740 Rev. C. R. N. Burrows on the

locality, I have mit atlantica, but as a matter of fact it

extends to the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. This is the

species which most resembles the European nictitans, but

the sexual pieces of the male differ completely. Pacifica is

so called from the fact that all the examples seen by me

come from the Western Coast States. Jnteroceanica occurs

so far only in the region about Winnipeg. These three

species I would hardly have dared to separate from

nictitans, had it not been for the differences in structure

in the male genitalia, but these are so radical that specific

identity is out of the question.” Dr Smith’s atlantica is

identical with americana, Speyer (1875).

It is to be supposed that the figures of the “clasps ” of

these species given by Dr. Smith are more accurate than

that of the supposed nictitans, but in any case, and even

if allowance be made for great inaccuracies, it is evident

that not one of these three species is identical with any of

our four British representatives of the group.

I may here, perhaps, without presumption, utter a word

of warning to students of Dr. Smith’s works upon the

genitalia. I have not come across his “definitions of

terms,” if such exist, but he appears to have transposed

the terms “harpe” and “clasper,” as used by previous

writers, and it were well that his example should not be

followed, as it causes confusion in an already confused

field.

In 1902 (‘‘Entom. Record,” vol. xiv, pp. 116-117), Tutt

gives a list of “Species and Forms of Lepidoptera, so far

only recorded from the British Isles.” Here he says of

paludis, “a quite distinct species, but closely allied to

H. nietitans,’ but he does not mention /ucens, that insect

being recognised on the Continent. My opportunity of

investigation of Continental lepidoptera is strictly limited,

but it is perhaps suggestive that of forty-four European

and Asiatic Hydroecias belonging to this group now before

me, there are several specimens which agree in appearance

and in genitalia with /wcens, but not one which I dare to

name paludis.

It appears to have been at this point that I became

interested in the study of the group. Nictrtans and

paludis being both common in my garden at Mucking, I

desired to possess a series of lducens also. My friends

responded according to their power, amongst them Mr.

A. W. Bacot, who had been, with Mr. J. A. Simes, spending

nictitans group of the Genus Hydroecia. 741

an autumn holiday in 1899 collecting upon and around the

Crinan Canal. The specimens were placed in my cabinet

and there rested for a time. Puzzled about the curious

resemblance between the three series, I appealed to Mr.

Tutt, who could give me his convictions, but no certainties.

I appealed to Mr. F. N. Pierce, already widely known for

his unceasing investigations, and found that he had only

nictitans and had come to the conclusion that there was

but one species after all. We vigorously attacked the

problem from this new standpoint, and, using Mr. Bacot’s

material, I was surprised to find that I had stumbled upon

a development of genitalia entirely different to nictitans,

paludis and lucens. My discovery was announced in the

“ Entomologist’s Record,” vol. xx, p. 146 (1908); the insects

were exhibited before the City of London Entomological

Society, March 17th and May 22nd, and before the South

London Entomological Society on April 13th of the same

year. After due consideration the new insect was named

Hydroecia crinanensis (after the locality in which it was

first detected) in the “Entom. Record,” vol. xx, p. 184.

I give the following description of the specimen I have

selected as type ; previous descriptions having been only

comparative with the other species of the group.

¢. Hydroecia crinanensis, Burrows. Larger than H. nictitans.

F.-w. slightly pointed at the apex, bright red-brown, longitudinal

and transverse lines very distinct, fringes concolorous. Orbicular

stigma, lighter than the ground-colour. Reniform stigma orange,

full, fairly straight edged inwardly, lower lobe projecting outwardly,

interior dividing lines faint. H.-w. red-brown, darker towards the

_outer margin ; fringes yellow, the yellow colour intruding in dots

upon the darker margin.

Type specimen taken by Mr. A. W. Bacot at Crinan

Canal, September 1899.

In the same magazine, vol. xxi (1910), p. 80, is

published an article by myself, describing and naming

nine distinct forms.

Later, in the last-mentioned magazine, vol. xxii, p. 54

(1910), Mr. Tutt reviewed the position and unreservedly

accepted our conclusions. This acceptance he kindly

emphasised by his address before this Society before

referred to.

This appears to have been Mr. Tutt’s last word upon

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 191].—PaRTIV. (JAN.) 3C

742 Rev. C. R. N. Burrows on the

the subject, and I am left with our preparations and

specimens, Mr. Pierce’s photographs, and the drawings

which were so skilfully executed under Mr. Tutt’s eye by

Mr. Gatter, who has kindly sent them on to me.

In dealing with our material, Mr. Pierce and I found

ourselves faced at the outset by a great difficulty. The

likeness of these four species to one another is so extreme

that although long series have been exhibited privately

to experts, and publicly to most of the London, and some

of the Provincial societies, no one has yet been able to

point out a single feature by which they can be visually

separated with certainty.

In size the imago of nictitans is perhaps the smaller.

Crinanensis is a little larger, paludis from a little to

considerably larger, and /ucens generally much larger.

The colour of the fore-wings is as confusing as is the

size. Paludis is usually of a dull yellow-brown, and by

colour alone can generally be separated from the others.

I have no specimen of the other three species quite this

colour, they being always tinged with red, but both

nictitans and lucens occasionally come very near to it.

I have all four species quite red, but when paludis is red

it remains still quite a different insect from Jucens in

appearance. Crinanensis is commonly very dark, sometimes

almost melanic, but I have nictitans (from Scotland) almost

as dark, and also paludis from my own garden. There is

a tendency to the formation of a central dark band on

the fore-wings in the lighter specimens, less common in

nictitans but common in the rest. In shape of fore-wings

all four species agree, the pointed apex being perhaps less

marked in nictitans and crinanensis. In wing markings,

also, all are alike—I should perhaps say, more correctly,

that there is no one mark belonging to one species which

is not to be found upon the others of the group. The

orbicular stigma, for instance, is more generally distinct in

nictitans, it is rarely distinct in paludis, often distinct in

lucens, and frequently so in erinanensis. The reniform

stigma is always full (that is to say, possesses the inner

circumference toward the base of the wing) in nzctitans,

in crinanensis it is often almost full, in lucens and paludis

it is never full. But all four forms have frequently the

reniform stigma suffused, smudged, or ill-defined, owing

to the absence of the fine interior lines, The same re-

semblance also appears in the colour of the stigmata, which

nictitans group of the Genus Hydroecia. 743

in all species may be white, orange, or concolorous. The

inferior wings of the males are less dark than those of the

females, and there is sometimes in all species a thin light

band parallel to the hind margin.* When, however, we

came to consider the localities from which our specimens

came, we appeared to be on firmer ground, although this

also may be more or less deceptive, as the species may,

and probably do overlap, as do nictitans and paludis in my

garden. It appears, however, that nictitans is by far the

most generally distributed. I have myself taken it in

most localities in which I have collected during its season

of flight, and I have received it from all parts of England,

Scotland, Ireland and Wales. It appears also to be

common on the Continent, and Asia.

Although the discrimination of the three species from

nictitans is so difficult (apart from the appendages) that one

cannot frame a description that will certainly enable any

one else to distinguish them, and many find it difficult to

believe that they really are distinct, it may be noted

that Tutt distinguished the three British species with

which he was acquainted long before the genitalia were

examined, and would doubtless have distinguished the

fourth (crinanensis) had he had it before him at the same

time. But the marvellous critical instinct which Tutt

had in such matters is very rare. Dr. Smith also can

apparently easily distinguish from each other the three

American species he describes, but without the assistance

given by the appendages would have hesitated to regard

their differences as of specific value.

Paludis is essentially a salt marsh and riverside species

in the south of England. I cannot speak positively, but

I believe it to be confined to the south, the specimens

mentioned in Mr. Acton’s paper, referred to above, being

probably not this species at all. I have not, so far as I

have been able to judge, received it from any locality out

of England.

Incens is essentially a “moss” species, and I should

expect it to be confined to the north of England, Ireland,

and perhaps Wales, and to Scotland, in its chosen haunts.

It appears also to occur in Kurope and Asia, if my more

or less hasty examination of my material is to be trusted.

Crinanensis is a stream-side insect. Wherever it has

* The number of specimens here described is H. nictitans 40

H. paludis 33, H. lucens 27, H. crinanensis 46, being my own series

ere

744 Rev. C. R. N. Burrows on the

been taken, so far as I have been able to learn, its haunts

are by running water irrespective of elevation, or of the

neighbourhood of the sea.

Mr. J. G. Le Marchant, who found it in plenty near

Aberfeldy, N.B., writes me thus: “There is a strip of

marshy, boggy g sround some two or three hundred yards

wide, along the “side of the river, and some three or > Rotts

miles long. It is covered with coarse grasses, rushes, and

a good many flowers, notably “scabious.” There are also

knapweed, hawkweed, and other flowers. It is along this

strip that I have taken all the insects I send to you; there

do not seem to be any on the slopes of the hills even close

by. On the “ Knowie,” surrounded by rushes, they are

very numerous when the sun is shining, sitting always on

the scabious blossoms, sometimes three or four on a plant.”

Mr. Buxton * at Liddelbank, N.B., and Mr. Sweeting on

Loch Foyle, also noticed the predilection of this insect

for the scabious, which may indeed prove to be its food

plant.

With crinanensis I have received a few nictitans and

lucens, but I believe where it occurs this insect is found

almost always alone.

The localities which I have recorded for this species are

Inveran (Sutherlandshire), Maddison collection ; Bellanoch,

Crinan Canal, Messrs. Bacot and Simes; Aberfeldy, Le

Marchant; Liddelbank, Messrs. Buxton; near Loch Foyle,

BOR: Sweeting ; near Enniskillen, in Co. Monaghan, and

Bolton, Lancs., J. E. R. Allen.

All these insects appear in Britain at the end of August

and beginning of September.

Mr. Pierce and I had perforce, in the first instance, to

differentiate our insects by locality. No difficulty arose

as to finding the proper females of the species affecting

my garden. Having separated the males of /wcens from

nietitans, we recognised the female of this insect by her

difference from the other insect. Proceeding, we found

the female of crinanensis by her difference from that of

lucens and nictitans. We may, I feel, claim that our con-

clusions are fairly likely to be correct, though we admit

that further examination, while it cannot well lessen the

number of the species now under consideration, may

possibly increase it.

* Mr. Buxton writes me that it was more often ou thistle blossom.

nictitans group of the Genus Hydroecia. 745

We turned next to the genitalia. As will be readily seen

by the plates which accompany this paper, these organs

in the four species—and in H. americana, Spr. (atlantica,

Smith), the common North American species belonging to

the same group—are closely related in general configura-

tion, although the details are different. It is these differ-

ences that 1 would now point out.

First considering the males.

Taking our commonest species, MH. nictitans, we find

that the claspers (valves) are tipped with a more or less

rounded head (cucullus). There are no external free

angles; there are spines along the outer margin for about

half its length (corona), and a bunch of spines upon the

rounded, not pointed, anal angle. The “harpe” is boot-

shaped, the stout inner and outer branches being of equal

length. The clavus is claw-shaped, curved towards the

centre, and is clothed with hair. The “vesica” is armed

with a bunch of long thin “cornuti.” These vary in

number between about four and eight; and also in length,

but I have never observed any of these in this, or the

other species, within the “ bursa copulatrix” of the female.

In H. paludis there is a marked difference in the form

of the “cucullus,” which is larger, and distinctly angulated.

The “corona” extends nearly three-quarters of the dis-

tance along the margin, the anal angle is obtusely pointed,

and bears a large bunch of spines. The “‘harpe” is

boot-shaped, but has a long toe and a short heel. The

“clavus” is long and pointed at the end. The “cornuti”

are short and stout, being some nine to twelve in number.

Hf. lucens has the “cucullus” much narrower than the

last species. It is angulated—the “corona” extends

further along the margin of the “cucullus,’ which is

sharply pointed on the anal angle, and bears a proportion-

ately smaller bunch of spines than does paludis. The

“harpe” is boot-shaped, the toe long, much like the last

species, but the heel is longer and strongly curved out-

wardly. The “clavus” is slightly shorter than in paludis,

and often blunter at the tip, almost obtuse. The “ cornuti”

are long and fine, and from ten to twelve in number.

The genitalia of these three species are of similar type,

but the remaining species which I have examined depart

markedly from them.

Hf. crinanensis has the “cucullus” very much narrower

than either /ucens or paludis, being nearly twice as leng as

746 Rey. C. R. N. Burrows on the

broad. It bears ff. “corona” only on the upper fourth

of the margin, and is almost covered by spines. The

“harpe” is without the boot-shaped termination, and is

attached loosely to the stem of the “clasper.’ Beside

the “harpe” is a thin semicircular plate of hard chitin

serrated on its outer edge. This flap is attached loosely

to the thin chitin of the inner surface of the valve, and

appears to move readily backwards and forwards. The

clavus is stout and incurved, very like that of H. nictitans,

but is accompanied by a quadrate chitinous plate deeply

serrated on its inner edge. The “cornuti,” about twelve in

number, are long and thick.

Thus far our British species. JI am adding two exotic

forms on account of their interest.

In H. americana (atlantica) we find the link between the

last-named species and the other members of the group.

The “valve” is nearly equal in width throughout its

length, the “cucullus” being scarcely wider than the rest of

the valve. The “corona” extends along three parts of the

margin, and the “cucullus” is very heavily spined along

the inner margin. The “harpe” is less bifurcate than in

H. paludis, the “heel” being scarcely developed. The

“clavus” is short and stout, claw-shaped, with a naked

point, and is accompanied by a quadrate chitinous plate,

toothed on its imner edge, and very like the similar

appendage in H. crinanensis. The “cornuti” are of

medium size, even in length, and about fourteen in

number.

Quite recently I have found amongst a number of

foreign Hydroecias given to me some time ago by Dr.

Chapman a male labelled as from Turkestan, which we

had catalogued after a preliminary examination as being

HT. crinanensis. More careful examination has proved

that it does not belong to this species, but to another,

of which, so far as I know, the genitalia have not been

examined. This is again practically indistinguishable

from the other species of the nictitans group. Its peculi-

arity is that the “valves” narrow off to the “cucullus,”

which is exceedingly narrow with parallel sides. The

“harpe” without a foot, is just free from the surface

of the “valve,” more so than in A. crinanensis. The

chitinous flap also found in H. crinanensis is very narrow.

The “clavus” is claw-shaped, strong and thick, and is

not accompanied by a chitinous plate as in the case of

nictitans group of the Genus Hydroecia. 747

HI, crinanensis and H. americana. The “cornuti” are very

short, even in length, and about twenty-four in number.

It is, of course, quite possible, though extremely unlikely,

that this insect may have been differentiated from the

other Hydroecias, and have received a name. I would

therefore suggest, conditionally, the name of H. asiatica,

after the continent in which the label asserts it was

captured, and append a description.

Hydroecia asiatica, g. Of the size of H. nictitans. F.-w.

reddish-brown, orbicular and reniform stigmata somewhat paler,

the former indistinct ; the latter nearly full, being defective in the

centre towards the base of the wing, the two lobes exteriorly

uniform, the interior lines suffused. H.-w. lighter basally. From

a single male labelled Syrt Naryn, Ost Turkestan. H. Rolle, Berlin,

S.-W. N.

A further point of interest in this group of insects is

the heavy pair of pencils of hairs upon the early abdominal

seginents, and the pockets in which they are contained.

These are very evident, except in H. nictitans, in which

species, if they occur, it is only in a much reduced and

delicate form.

The females of the group provide fewer points for

particular description. The main details upon which they

can be differentiated are few, and as they present con-

siderable discrepancies, I must acknowledge that I offer

these notes with much diffidence as regards paludis and

lucens, I depend upon the form of the genital plate and

the lodix (7. e. the posterior edge of the seventh sternite).

In H. nictitans the genital plate is wide and shallow,

the central excavation commencing from near the ex-

tremities, and presenting a wide right-angular cut. The

lateral creases are near the upper (posterior) extremities.

The “lodix” has a central narrow excavation.

In H. paludis the genital plate is wide and deep. The

central excavation is shallow and rounded. ‘The lateral

creases are below the widest part of the plate. The lodix

has a central deep, narrowly triangular, excavation with a

rounded end.

In H. lucens the genital plate is wide and deep, slightly

narrower, more substantial, and perhaps deeper than in

H, paludis. The central excavation is shallow and

rounded. The lateral creases are below the widest part

of the plate. The lodix has a central deep triangular

748 Rev. C. R. N. Burrows on the

excavation. The@enitalia of the females of H. paludis

and H. lucens are extremely difficult to separate. There

appears to be no absolutely certain difference except that

the genital plate is perhaps more substantial in HZ. lucens

than in H. paludis, and has also in H. lucens a tendency

to fold in the centre, doubling over and presenting the

appearance of a dark central line, which effect I ascribe

to the plate being more full than in H. paludis.

In H. crinanensis the genital plate is wide and deep.

The central excavation is extremely narrow and very deep,

extending more than half-way through the plate. The

lateral creases are above the widest part of the plate.

The lodix has only the smallest possible central triangular

excavation.

In #7. americana the genital plate is wide and deep, the

central excavation being V-shaped. The lateral creases,

diverging from about the centre of the side of the plate,

extend obliquely in a straight line until they are lost in the

posterior margin of the ninth segment. The excavation

in the centre of the lodix appears as a wide sweeping curve.

(The specimen from which this description is taken is

reasonably assumed to be H. atlantica.)

The number of specimens examined for these details of

genitalia formation is as follows :—

Number of specimens Mounted. Examined

examined. Male. Female.

TET ICTULOAUS pane ae eae 25 8 60

ENA TNAIS Ss) Oe foe ihe 25 8 30

VERA Ucenset, secon. Une 2, 1 100

EICTrUNONETISISIN tae 8 5 96

H. atlantica . Tey: 7 1(2)

HEL CSTOLICOs seam 1

These differences in the appendages cannot be referred

to geographical variation as, apart from their being too

considerable, our four British species, though each having

a special area of distribution (except nictitans, which is

very widespread), have unquestionably no impediments

to freely crossing with each other. But there are no

indications that such ever takes place, there being no

specimen at all intermediate discovered amongst all the

examples examined.

In Acronicta psi and tridens we have a very similar case,

affecting two species; the group before us presents eight.

Psi and tridens have very different larvae. In the species

before us we have had practically nothing done in the way

72 IS}UaHT “2

‘SHIVIN ‘VIDOHOUCAH

yap ‘4azj0D)

“SISNANYNIYO'H SN30017 H

BSS AN ee OY LA. Ta) \ fake Sostaey (rang Vina Sy

SIGN Wd “H

SNWLILOIN “H

cot eee ah SNAWNI

BduvH.

WNOYOD 40

BIONY TONY 7S

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911, Plate LIT.

ANes.-

E0GE OF 77H ;

ABDOMINAL H. PALUDIS.

SECMENT.

i a eens

ES NE: x —-L See $ si

Page AS AAS PT aS: ARR OMS ES hire

H. LUCENS. H. CRINANENSIS.

F. Gatter, del. C. Hentschel.

HYDROECIA, FEMALES.

‘yx ‘SNVLILOIN VIDOHOUGAH

: *IIAIIT “N “of ‘0J0YI

ay rspuazy “3D

‘ynL ‘SIGNTVd VIDHOXCAH

7aymsquayy 2D ‘adi ‘N “H ‘0/0Ud

4 |

}

"ay Ispuaz] *D

WS ‘H

‘

SNAONT

VIDHO0OUCAH

‘aIdatd "N ‘of ‘070Yd

‘smoung ‘SISNANVNIYD VIOHONCAH

Tay ISJUAH “D ‘a2lald “N “4 (00Yd

ads ‘YNVOINANV VIDOBOUCAH

"2ayISpUuaH] °D ‘andl ‘N “Hf ‘070d

yug “SUDAL,

‘ZrO “puoT ‘205

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911, Plate LVIL.

Photo, F. N. Pierce. C. Hentschel.

HYDROECIA ASIATICA, n. sp.

nictitans group of the Genus Hydroecia. 749

of breeding the larvae of the different species side by side.

Even if this were done, the larvae, being concealed

feeders, would probably present no characters to readily

distinguish them from each other, or from a considerable

number of allied species, which are abundantly distinct in

every aspect.

It may, however, be pointed out from the “ geographical

variation” point of view, that /ucens and paludis, the

most distinct from each other of all the species in ordinary

characters, especially colour, have habitats that are mostly

distinctly specialised and separate for each of them; and

at the same time that the genitalia of these two species

are least abundantly distinct from each other than those

of any other pair of species. It is therefore highly prob-

able that these two forms are the most recent in separating

from one another, and if any one chooses to call them

geographical forms, I probably differ from him less as to

facts than as to definitions of terms.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES LELViint

Pr. LI. Male appendages of H. nictituns x 11.

3 Ns H. paludis x 10.

- H. lucens x 9.

- a H. crinanensis x 10.

3 +9 H. americana, Spr. x 9.

(H. atlantica, Smith).

The lettering is explanatory.

Pr. LI. Extremities of 9 abdomina of H. nictitans x 13.

» 9 - Hi. lucens x 12.

” ” ” ff, paludis <qulgle

” ” ” H. crinanensis x 18.

The lettering is explanatory.

Pp, LIII-LVIII. Photographs of ¢ appendages and of 9 end

segments.

Lin. nictitans & x 15, @ x 18.

Livy. paludis nse, Guus:

LY. lucens aK 16,9) 97.

LVI. crinanensis ¢ x 16, 2 x 8.

LVIL americana g x 13, 2? x 18.

LVIIL. asiatica 6 x 14.

C750)

XXXIV. On the Dates of the Publications of the Entomological

Society of London. By the Rev. G. WHEELER,

M.A., F.Z8.

[Read December 6th, 1911.]

SOME months ago I was instructed by the Council, as a

part of my secretarial work, to find out as far as possible,

from the printers who had from time to time been em-

ployed by the Society, the precise dates of publication

of the various parts of the volumes of our Transactions,

since some of these dates were crucial with regard to the

priority of names in a number of species. Certain details

on this part of the matter, which may possibly be of

interest, I have thought it better to place together in an

Appendix (v. App. £), and it will be sufficient to say here,

that though I received most courteous replies from all

those firms which I could trace as representing those

formerly employed by the Society, very large gaps re-

mained which I attempted to fill by reference to old

Minute Books of our own Society, by the help given by

the dated list uniformly kept by the Linnean Society of

all publications received by them, and where this failed

through the loss of one of their books, by reference to the

British Museum copy in which the date of reception is

stamped on the back of each part. These means, how-

ever, were not as efficacious as might have been expected,

owing to the extreme irregularity with which copies were

sent out; as an instance I might quote the case (by no

means an isolated one) in which the Linnean Society

received on August 11th, 1868, parts 1 and 2 of the New

Series, together with vol. iii, pt. 3, vol. iv, pts. 4 and 5,

and vol. v, pt. 8, of the previous series. It will readily

be seen that this afforded little help in fixing precise

dates, though there are one or two instances in which

these will be the nearest attainable. Up till 1850 the

only date printed on the parts was that of the year; from

that time till 1896 the month only was added, except

from 1881 to 1885 inclusive, when the day of the month

was printed on the cover, but not at the bottom of the

first page of each separate paper, where only the month

appeared as in other years. In this case both the Linnean

Society and the British Museum afforded help, for I found

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IV. (JAN.)

Publications of the Entomological Society of London. 751

the cover in one or other of these libraries in every case

where there was no copy in its original cover in our

own possession ; but, unfortunately, only in one single case

does this date seem to have been correct, rarely even

approximately so, and sometimes glaringly deceptive.

After this revelation it will not be surprising to learn

that when only the month was given, parts were frequently

dated one month, and sometimes two, or even three, prior

to the actual time of publication. At last I bethought

me to apply for help, in very doubtful cases, to Messrs.

Longmans, Green & Co., who have published for the

Society from the first, and who interpreted my request

with such astonishing generosity as to send me, in the

course of a few days, a complete list of the days on which

they received each part of each volume from 1834 to

1911. Now here, it might be said, is all that can be

desired as giving the exact date of publication in every

case. But this is by no means the fact, for the Society

has also from the beginning acted as its own publisher,

and the dates at which the various parts were delivered

by the printers at the Society’s rooms are often (when

obtainable) earlier than those at which they were received

by Messrs. Longmans & Co.; and, in fact, a comparison

of the dates leads one to suppose that they were always

in former times delivered direct to the Society, who for-

warded copies to Messrs. Longmans & Co., except that

once or twice in August, when there was apparently no

one to receive them at the Society’s rooms, Messrs. Long-

mans & Co. were not kept waiting for their copies, which

seem to have been then delivered direct from the printers.

In a very able letter written by Mr. J. H. Durrant to

a former Secretary, a copy of which he has kindly placed

at my disposal, it is argued that the delivery of books to

the Society does not constitute publication, because the

general public has not access to the Society’s rooms. This

argument would of course be unanswerable if the pre-

mises were correct, but that is the very reverse of being

the case. It is indisputable that at the present time

non-members can, and frequently do, both write and come

in person to buy copies of the current number of the

Transactions, and it is actually the only way in which

back numbers of more than three or four years past can

be obtained. I make this statement on the authority of

the Resident Librarian, and it is easy for any unbeliever

to test the matter for himself; but it might be supposed

752 Rev. G. Wheeler on the Dates of the

that in former aff more exclusive times access to non-

members would have been impossible, were it not that

a letter from the late Mr. J. W. Dunning, at that time

Secretary and afterwards President of the Society, is

appended to the Minutes of the Council Meeting for

Apnil 4th, 1864, in which be complains that the time of

the Librarian is greatly takén up by the idle chatter of

Entomologists, the worst offenders, as a rule, not being

members (there were no Fellows then, as it was before

Mr. Dunning obtained the Charter) of the Society, but

adding that all Entomologists, whether members or noi, were

always welcome in the Society’s rooms. This completely

disposes of the argument that non-members had not access

to the rooms, and in combination with the announcement

printed on each part that it was “sold at the Society’s rooms,”

shows that the outside public could obtain copies from

that quarter. Whenever, therefore, the dates of delivery

at the Society's rooms and at Messrs. Longmans & Co.

are both obtainable, the earlier will always be the date of

publication. In the appended table both are given when

available, but the earlier, the actual date of publication,

is printed in thick type. The Society has only occupied

its present quarters since late in 1875, and has only had

the advantage of a Resident Librarian since the beginning

of 1876. Previously the Librarian, who was then a paid

official, was only bound to be present on Monday after-

noons, and it might have been argued that it was only

on these days that the Society’s publications were to be

obtained; but the dates of the reception of the Trans-

actions by the Linnean Society, where they were formerly

sent direct by our Society, prove conclusively that there

was no particular day in the week when these publications

could be obtained. In the early years of the Transactions

it will be seen that on a few occasions they were received

by the Linnean Society at an earlier date than by Messrs.

Longmans & Co., and that this once occurs at a time

when the date of delivery by the printer at our Society’s

rooms is unobtainable, and when the date of publication

is not given in the Minutes; it is, however, obvious that

the Entomological Society must have received these parts

before they could forward them to the Linnean Society ;

the date on which the latter received them is therefore

the earliest date available, but it must be understood that

it can only be stated that this part was published at least

as early as the date given, and possibly earlier. From

Publications of the Entomological Society of London. '753

1879 till 1896, whenever precise information from the

printers is not forthcoming, there is another source avail-

able for fixing, approximately at any rate, the date of

publication, for during this period the copies were all

sent out from the Society’s rooms, and an exact list was

kept of the dates on which any given part was posted.

This sometimes serves as a useful check, and in one

somewhat notorious case, that of Part 1 for 1894, renders

nugatory the decree of the Society, based on the report

of a Special Committee, that the date of the part should

be May 11th, since the Society sent out the revised copies

on May 2nd, and must therefore have received them by that

date at the latest; and it is beyond the power not merely

of a Society or its Council, but even of Omnipotence

itself, to alter the date at which a past event has actually

taken place. The date of this part is, however, so com-

plicated a question that it will be best treated of in an

appendix by itself (v. App. D).

Since 1896 the number of pages of the Proceedings

issued with each part of the Transactions has been

published at the beginning of each completed volume,

and since 1887 the part of the Transactions in which the

Proceedings appeared is indicated at the bottom of the

pages of the latter, but up to that time there was no

means of dating the Proceedings except from the separate

parts as they were issued, or from their original covers ;

bound volumes gave no information whatever on the

subject. I have, however, been fortunate enough to find

the separate parts or the original covers for the most part

in our own Library; and when they have been wanting

there, I have found them in some cases in the British

Museum, and in others in the Library of the Linnean

Society. This applies to all the Proceedings published

with the Transactions, but, unfortunately, from 1840 to

1846 inclusive they were published in separate sheets;

which never went through Messrs. Longmans’ hands at

all, nor were they printed by the same firm that printed

the Transactions, and it is these two circumstances, com-

bined with the fact that they were sent to the Linnean

Society with the Transactions, that enable me to assert

that the latter Society in those days received its copies

of our publications direct from our own rooms. The dates

of publication of these seven years of our Proceedings

are therefore on a totally different footing from any others,

and must be treated of separately (v. App. 2).

754 Rev. G. Wheeler on the Dates of the

In the course @ searching for information as to these

various dates, many old books belonging to our Society

have come to light, and it seems to me well that these

should be put on record: a list of them is therefore

appended (v. App. F’).

It only remains for me to record my thanks to those

who have given me such invaluable help in working out

this problem: to Dr. Daydon Jackson and Mr. Kappel

at the Linnean Society; to Messrs. Taylor & Francis;

C. F. Roworth ; West, Newman & Co.; and above all to

Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co., without whose kind help

my work would have been impossible.

DATES OF PUBLICATION FROM 1834 TO 1895.

First SERIES.

No. of pages Date of delivery | pondeline Date of arrival

El) Ree Pieedngs by e eee aa Tt oaeneee Penal

I 1 | i-xiii (xiv Nov. 7, 1884 | Nov. 8, 1834

blank)

2 | xv—xlii Oct. 2, 1835 | Oct. 6, 1835

| 3 | xlili-lxxxvili | Jan. 17, 1837 | Jan. 18, 1837

UL Wp ik ies-eroqiauii | Feb. 16, 1838 | 9Feb. 5, 1838

2 | (none) Sep. 5, 1838 | Nov. 6, 1838

3 | xxxix-lxvili | Aug. 5, 1839 | July 1, 1839 | Oct. 19, 1839

A>) xaxxci > Nov. 2, 1840 | Nov. 11, 1840 | Nov. 16, 1841

III | 1 | i-xiti Jan, 27, 1842 | Feb. 1, 1842

2 |[The Journal | > Sep, 2, 1842 | Sep. 16,1842 | Mch. 6, 1843

3 | of Proceed- | >Jan, 2, 1843°| Feb. 20, 1843 | Mch. 6, 1843

4 | ings from bJan. 1, 1844 | eJan. 17,1844) Feb. 6, 1844

IV | 1 | Jan. 1840 to | > April'7, 1845 | May 29, 1845 | May 24, 1845

2 Dec.1846 was | > Nov. 3, 1845 | Nov. 25, 1845 | Nov. 29, 1845

3 published > Mch. 2, 1846 | April 20, 1846 | April 21, 1846

4 | separately. > Mch. 1, 1847 | Mch. 8, 1847 | Mch. 2, 1847

5 | v. App. B.J | >June 7, 1847 | June 23, 1847 | Feb. 16, 1848

Vv 1 | ¢i-iv b July 5, 1847 | June 30, 1847| Feb. 16, 1848

2ealbv=xva bOct. 4, 1847 | Sep. 30, 1847 | Feb. 16, 1848

. 8 | xvii-xxvili b Jan. 24, 1848 | Jan. 12, 1848 | Feb. 16, 1848

4 | dxxix—xxx June 1, 1848 | Mch. 5, 1850

5 | 4xxxi-xlii Aug. 18, 1848 | Mch. 5, 1850

6 | (none) b May 7, 1849 | May 8, 1849 | Mch. 5, 1850

7 (| xliii-txvi Sep. 4, 1849 | Oct. 3, 1850

8 | lxvii-lxxiv Nov. 5, 1849 | Nov. 6, 1849 | Mch. 5, 1851

9 | Ixxv—Ixxxix Feb. 8, 1850 | Mch. 5, 1851

a The Secretary announced on Jan. Ist that the Part would be ready that week, but

there is no evidence that it was so.

b This and the following dates up to Oct. 7th, 1850, are those of the Meetings next

after the delivery of the Parts at the Society’s room, and are taken from the Minute

Books,

¢ Not mentioned on cover, with rest of contents, but issued with this part.

a These two parts are not available in the original wrappers, but the lettering at the

foot of the pages leaves no doubt of the correctness of this division.

e This date is somewhat uncertain, but (not being the earliest) is fortunately not of

much importance.

Publications of the Entomological Society of London.

SECOND SERIES.

755

"4 . O aL 6

vot [pant | Mpotzage ot Jae Tuten

I | 1 | (none)

2 | 1-16 Oct.

3 | (none) Dec.

4 | 17-48 Mch.

5 | 49-80 June

| 6 | 81-96 Sep.

7 | 97-112¢ Dec.

8 | 113-176 Mch.

EE}? Bal 1-8 June

| 2 | 9-16 Sep.

| 3 | 17-82 Dec.

4 | 33-64 Mch.

5 | 65-112 June

6 | 113-120 Sep.

7 | 121-136 Jan.

8 | 1387-146 April

III; 1 |1-8 July

2 | 9-24 Oct.

3 | 25-40 Jan.

4 | 41-74 April

5 | 75-90 July

6 ; 91-106 Oct.

7 =| 107-114 Jan.

Wet 115-170 April

IV | 1 | (mone) July

| 2 | 1-16 Oct.

| 3 | 17-328 Fan:

4 | 33-56 April

5 |(none) July

6 | 57-96 , Jan.

7 | (none) April

8 97-116 and July

vol. v, 1-16

9 | 117-132 Dec.

Vii 1 |} 174-403 Feb.

2 | (none) May

3 | 41-72 Sep.

4 | (none) Nov.

5 | 73-104 Mch.

6 | 105-112 July

7 {| (none) Nov.

8 | 113-136 Feb.

9 | 187-148 June

10 | 149-187 Oct.

11 | 188-249

Date of delivery

by Printers to

Society.

Date of delivery

at Longmans’.

> April 1, 1850

Oct. 7, 1850

Nov. 20, 1850 |

Feb, 21, 1851

May 31, 1851 |

Sep. 1, 1851

Nov. 17, 1851 |

April 12, 1852 |

June 14, 1852 |

Sep. 6, 1852

Dec. 27, 1852

Mch. 7, 1853

June 6, 1853

Aug. 29, 1853

Dec. 26, 1853

April 3, 1854 |

June 30, 1854

Nov. 1, 1854

Jan. 9, 1855

April 23, 1855

Aug. 6, 1855

Nov. 19, 1855

Feb. 4, 1856

April 21, 1856

July 7, 1856

Oct. 11, 1856

April 27, 1857

Kk Aug. 31,1857

Jan. 25, 1858

April 5, 1858

July 5, 1858

Dec. 27, 1858

Mch. 7, 1859

June 27, 1859

Oct. 3, 1859

Jan. 4, 1860

May 7, 1860

Aug. 8, 1860

Nov. 5, 1860

Feb. 25, 1861

July 1, 1861

Nov. 4, 1861

April 14, 1862

April 30, 1850

Sep. 28, 1850

Nov. 29, 1850

Mch. 1, 1851

May 31, 1851

Aug. 29, 1851

Nov. 18, 1851

April 12, 1852

June 24, 1852

Sep. 2, 1852

Dec. 24, 1852

April 5, 18538

June 16, 1853

Sep. 5, 1853

Dec. 27, 1853

April 3, 1854

June 30, 1854

Oct. 28, 1854

Jan. 9, 1855

April 23, 1855

Aug. 12, 1855

Nov. 19, 1855

Feb. 5, 1856

April 25, 1856

July 10, 1856

Oct. 15, 1856

Feb. 21, 1857

May 1, 1857

Aug. 20, 1857

Mch. 11, 1858

April 5, 1858

July 23, 1858

Jan. 17, 1859

Mch. 14, 1859

June 27, 1859

Dec. 7, 1859

Jan. 12, 1860

May 29, 1860

Aug. 7, 1860

Nov. 3, 1860

Mch. 14, 1861

July 26, 1861

Nov. 18, 1861

April 22, 1862

f Pp. 97-104 are wrongly numbered 33-40 in the original.

g Pp. 17-32 are wanting in the separate parts in the Ent. Soc. Library, but were

received at the British Museum with Part 3 on March 13, before Part 4 had left the

Printers’ hands.

h Pp. 1-16 were published with vol. iv., Part 8 (v. supra).

ji Pp. 17-40 are wanting in the separate parts, but were received at the B, M. on May

20th, so were issued with Part 1.

k Apparently there was no one to receive the Society's copies earlier in August, and

Messrs. Longmans’ must have been delivered direct by the Printers.

756 Rev. G. Wheeler on the Dates of the

oe THIRD SERIES.

7 5 | | Date of delivery :

7 No. of pages of | Date on Date of delivery

Vol.«| Part. Procesaines! Part. by Society. to at orinend

I 1% | 1-48 Mch. April 7, 1862 | April 8, 1862

2 | 49-64 May May 29, 1862 | June 2, 1862

3 | (none) Aug. | Aug. 11, 1862 | Aug. 12, 1862

4 | 65-88 | Nov. Nov. 17, 1862 | Nov. 17, 1862

5 | 89-112 | Feb. Feb. 23, 1863 | Feb. 23, 1863

6 | 113-142 | May June 8, 1863 | June 12, 1863

7 | 143-166 | Oct. Oct. 5, 1863 | Nov. 17, 1863

8 | 167-182 | Dec. Jan. 25, 1864 | Jan. 25, 1864

9 | 183-218 | Mch. April 4, 1864 | April 4, 1864

II 1 | (none) | May July 4, 1864 | July 5, 1864

2 | 1=32 | Aug. Aug. 15, 1864 | Aug.-17, 1864

3 | 338-48 Nov. Nov. 28, 1864 | Dec. 5, 1864

4 | 49-80 Mch. Mch. 13, 1865 | Mch. 18, 1865

5 | 81-112 | Sep. Sep. 29, 1865 | Sep. 27, 1865

6 | 113-174 | Feb. Mch. 19, 1866 | Mch. 19, 1866

III} 1 |1(none) Sep. Oct. 3, 1864 Oct. 4, 1864

2 Aug. Aug. 14, 1865 | Aug. 18, 1865

3 Sep. Sep. 29, 1866 | Oct. 7, 1866

4 June June 17,1867° | June 17, 1867

5 April April 29, 1868

6 Jan. Jan. 26, 1869

7 Oct. Oct. 13, 1869

IV | 1 |! (none) June July 3, 1865 | July 10, 1865

2 ie \ Sep. 2, 1867 | Sep. 3, 1867

3 Nov. Dec. 9, 1867° | Dec. 24, 1867

4 | Feb. Mch. 23, 1868

5 May May 27, 1868

V | 1 | (mone) Nth.) Oot: Nov. 13, 1865 | Nov. 17, 1865

2 | (none) | April April 16, 1866 |. April 17, 1866

3 |1-8 June July 2,1866 | July 17, 1866

4 | 9-32 Dee. Dec. 31, 1866 | Jan. 10, 1867

5 | (none) Mch. Mch, 4, 1867 | Mch. 6, 1867

6 | 33-84 May May 6, 1867° | May 8, 1867

7 | 85-144m Dee. Dec. 30, 1867

8 Mch. 23, 1868

FourrH SERIES.

Date of deliver 7

Vol. | Part. aes, Date on Part. by Printers tov eee oe

1868} 1 | i-xvi April April 29, 1868

2 | xvii-xxiv July July 13, 1868

3 | XXV-XXXVi Sep. | Sep. 28, 1868

4 (none) Dee. Dec. 22, 1868

1 Vols. iii and iv were on special subjects and published at irregular intervals,

without Proceedings.

m Pp. 105-144 are repeated i in Part 8.

n Some of the papers in this part are dated July and some August.

° No Printer’s dates beyond these are to be had (v, App. £).

P The dates of reception at the British Museum are available throughout, and those

at the Linnean Society for 1875 to 1878, but in no case are they earlier than those of

delivery at Messrs. Longmans.

Publications of the Entomological Society of London.

FourtH SERIES (continued).

757

z Date of deliver

Vol. | Part. clas Lat a Date onPart: by Erinters rn

1868| 5 | xxxvii—

Ixxxviii

1869 | 1 | i-vili April

| 2 | (none) May

| 3 | (mone) June

4 | ix—xvill Aug.

5 | (none) Dec.

6 | xix—lvil

1870} 1 | (none) Mch.

SS gat June

3. | Xvli-xxxi4 Aug.

4 | (none) Dec.

| ob. || xxexd Golxxx

1871) 1 | (none) Mch.

2 | i-xvi May

3 | xvii-xxxii Aug.

4 | (none) Dee.

5 | xxxili-lx xxii

1872] 1 | i-vni April

2 | ix-xvi May

3) XVii-xxiv Aug.

4 | XXV—-xXxxvil | Dec. Dec. 30, 1872

5 | xxxvil-lexxvi Mch. 10, 1873

1873 | 1 | (none) Mch. Mch. 31, 1873

2 | i-xvi May May 1873

8 | xvli—xxiv Aug. Aug. 5, 1878

4 | (none) Oct. Oct. 13, 1873

5 | xxv—Hii Mch. 2, 1874

1874] 1 | (none) Feb. Feb. 23, 1874

2 | i-viil April April 27, 1874

3 | (none) | July June 1874

5 | xxv—-Ixxx |

1875| 1 | i-viit May

2 Ak KV | Sep.

3 | (none) | Nov.

4 | (none) | Dec.

5 | xvii-lxviii .

1876) 1 | i-viii | May

2 | (none) June

3 | Ix-Xxiv Oct.

4 | xxv—xxxli Nov.

5 | xxxiii—]xxxvi

1877 ; 1 | (none) April

2 | (none) June

3 | 1-xvi Oct.

4 | xvii-xxxii Dec.

5 | Xxxili-xcili |

1878} 1 | i-viii April

2 | ix-xxiv July

3 | xxv—xl Oct.

4 | xli-xlviii Dee.

xlix-Ixxxvili

Date of delivery

at Long mans’.

Feb. 16, 1869

April 26, 1869

May 28, 1869

June 22, 1869

Aug. 3, 1869

Dec. 14, 1869

Feb. 7, 1870

Mch. 14, 1870

June 16, 1870

Aug. 29, 1870

Dec. 20, 1870

Feb. 20, 1871

Mch. 28, 1871

May 22, 1871

Aug. 8, 1871

Dec. 19, 1871

Feb. 19, 1872

April 18, 1872

May 15, 1872

Aug. 16, 1872

Dec, 31, 1872

Mch. 12, 1873

April 1, 1873

May 20, 1873

Aug. 11, 1873

Oct. 13, 1873

Mch. 3, 1874

Feb. 23, 1874

April 29, 1874

July 7, 1874

Dec. 24, 1874

Mch. 10, 1875

May 29, 1875

Sep. 28, 1875

Nov. 30, 1875

Jan. 6, 1876

Mch. 21, 1876

May 20, 1876

June 27, 1876

Nov. 2, 1876

Dec. 23, 1876

Feb. 23, 1877

April 17, 1877

July 2, 1877

Oct. 16, 1877

Dec. 31, 1877

Mch. 22, 1878

April 24, 1878

| July 23, 1878

Oct. 16, 1878

Jan. 6, 1879

Mch. 3, 1879

a P. xxxi was published in Part 3 to the end of the Minutes for July 4th; and the

whole in Part 5.

r With an Appendix on ‘‘ Priority,” pp. i-xlii.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1911.—PART IV. (JAN.) 3D

No. of pages of

Proceedings.

(none)

1-xxiv

xxv-xlviii

xlix—xecix

(none)

i-vili

ix—xxiv

XXV-XXxil

Xxxlii-lxiv

(none)

i-vili

1X—xx

XXi-XXXvV1

Xxx Vii—

lxxxii

(none)

i-vili

ix-Xvl

1880

OPWN ROP OD Oe Oo be

8 xvil-]xli

(none)

i-xil

xili-xx

(none)

xxi-lxxxi

i-viii

(none)

| ix—xxiv

(none)

xxv—lxili

1885 (none)

i-Vili

ix—xviV

(none)

xvii Y-1xv,

i-xil

| xili-xxvili

xxix—xlvlii

xlix—lvi

lvii—cix

{xx

XX1-XX1V

xxv-xl

xli-lx

lxi-xcii

i-vili

1xX—Kx

1886

1887

1888

NE ORPWNHrPOPWNDH om PWN HO PWN OF RONDO wD re

Date on

Part.

Date of delivery

by Printers to

Society.

Rev. G. Wheeler on the Dates of the

Date of delivery

at Longmans’.

April

July

June 1

Aug. 1

Nov. 27

Feb. 6

| (1884)

Apl. 30

July 2

Oct. 31

Dec. 3

| Feb. 28

(1885)

Apl. 30

Aug. 5

| Sep. 22

| Dec. 2

Feb. 3

(1886)

Mch.

June

Oct.

Dec.

Feb.

Apr.

June

Sep.

Dec.

Feb.

Mch.

June

t Dec. 23, 1880

Mch. 2, 1881

5| April 19, 1881

> | July 12, 1881

Sept. 7, 1881

Dec. 22, 1881

Feb. 2, 1882

April 5, 1882

| July 5, 1882

Sept. 6, 1882

Jan. 7, 1883

Mch. 12, 1883 |

May 30, 1883

Aug. 9, 1883

Nov. 29, 1883

Feb. 13, 1884

May 4, 1884

July 2, 1884

Nov. 12, 1884 |

Noy. 30, 1884

Meh. 4, 1885

June J], 1885

Aug. 20, 1885

Oct. 6, 1885

Dee. 11, 1885

Feb. 12, 1886

Mch. 31, 1886

June 30, 1886

Oct. 1, 1886

Dee. 30, 1886

Feb. 22, 1887

Apr. 30, 1887

May 30, 1887

Sept. 30, 1887

Jan. 4, 1888

Feb. 17, 1888

Mch. 28, 1888

June 27, 1888

s On cover ‘‘xxv,” incorrectly.

t These dates are not absolutely reliable, those in italics are obviously incorrect (v. App. £).

u The majority were posted on April 19th, but the issue on April 6th was not by any means

confined (as in other cases of early issue where the date is not admissible) to the Council.

y Wrongly printed on cover as xxiv and xxv.

May 2, 1879

Aug. 15, 1879

Dec. 30, 1879

Feb. 23, 1880

April 1, 1880

July 8, 1880

Oct. 12, 1880

Jan. 5, 1881

Mch. 7, 1881

April 20, 1881

July 14, 1881

Sept. 12, 1881

Dec. 30, 1881

Feb. 8, 1882

April 12, 1882

July 18, 1882

Sept. 14, 1882

Feb. 12, 1883

Mch. 19, 1883

June 7, 1883

| Aug. 14, 1883

| Jan. 2, 1884

| Feb. 20, 1884

May 14, 1884

July 3, 1884

Nov. 11, 1884

Dee. 11, 1884

Mch. 6, 1885

June 4, 1885

Aug. 22, 1885

Oct. 9, 1885

Dec. 18, 1885

Feb. 13, 1886

April 8, 1886

July 7, 1886

Oct. 29, 1886

Dec. 29, 1886

Feb. 26, 1887

Apr. 30, 1887

June 20, 1887

Oct. 6, 1887

Jan. 10, 1888

Feb. 22, 1888

Mch, 26, 1888

June 30, 1888

Date of Posting

from the

Society’s Rooms.

May 3, 1879

Aug. 7, 1879

Dec. 27, 1879

Feb. 25, 1880

April 7, 1880

July 5, 1880

Oct. 14, 1880

Dec. 31, 1880

Mech. 9, 1881

April 14, 1881

July 13, 1881

Sept. 8, 1881

Dec. 28, 1881

Feb. 6, 1882

u April 6, 1882

July 12, 1882

Sept. 18, 1882

Feb. 14, 1883

Mch. 17, 1883

May 31, 1883

Sept. 1, 1883

Dec. 12, 1883

Feb. 21, 1884

May 15, 1884

July 5, 1884

Nov. 10, 1884

Dec. 10, 1884

Mch. 5, 1885

_ June 3, 1885

Aug. 27, 1885

Oct. 8, 1885

Dec. 16, 1885

Feb. 13, 1886

April 8, 1886

July 5, 1886

Oct. 27, 1886

Dec. 29, 1886

Feb. 23, 1887

Apr. 27, 1887

June 8, 1887

Oct. 8, 1887

Jan. 4, 1888

Feb. 20, 1888

Mch. 30, 1888

July 9, 1888

Publications of the Entomological Society of London. 759

ee f deli Date of Posti

Vol), Bart. | Byocsedings, | Part | by cae to | at Targidalinte Socicte's eae

3 | XX1-xxxii | Oct. | Oct. 31, 1888 | Nov. 21, 1888 | Nov. 21, 1888

4 |xxxiii-xl | Dec. Dec. 19, 1888 | Dec. 24, 1888 | Dec. 21, 1888

5 | xli-xcv Mch. Jan. 31, 1889 | Feb. 5, 1889 | Feb. 1, 1889

1889} 1 | i-viii |Mch. | Apr. 1, 1889 | Apr. 15, 1899 | Apr. 15, 1889

2) | IX=XxLv June | June 27, 1889 | July 1, 1889 | June 27, 1889

3 |xxv-xliv | Oct. Oct. 30, 1889 | Get. 26, 1889 | Oct. 28, 1889

4 | xlv—Ixii Dee. Dec. 31, 1859 | Jan. 9,1890 | Jan. 10, 1890

5 | lxiii—evii Jan. 31! Feb. 5, 1890 | Feb. 11, 1890 | Feb. 8, 1890

1890; 1 | i-xii Apr. Apr. 30, 1890| Apr. 18, 1890| Apr. 17, 1890

2 | xili-xx June June 24, 1890 | July 5, 1890 | June 25, 1890

3 | XXi-xxviii | Sep. Sep. 30, 1890 | Oct. 1, 1890 | Oct. 1, 1890

4 | xxix—xl | Dec. | Dec. 22, 1890 | Dec. 29, 1890 | Dec. 30, 1890

5 | xli-lxxvi | Feb. 10, 1891 | Feb. 18, 1891 | Feb. 14, 1891

1891} 1 | i-viii | Mch. | Mch. 30, 1891} Apr. 13, 1891 | Mch. 31, 1891

3) exee-ohl | Oct. | Oct. 6, 1891 | Oct. 21, 1891 | Oct. 19, 1891

4 | xxiii- Dec. Dec. 30, 1891 | Jan. 8, 1892 | Jan. 1, 1892

XXXVili

5 |xxxix-I‘nvi | Feb. | Feb. 5, 1892 | Feb. 15, 1892 | Feb. 12, 1892

1892} 1 | i-xii Mch. Mch. 25, 1892| Apr. 4, 1892 | Apr. 2, 1892

2 | xiii-xx June | June 30, 1892| July 9, 1892 | June 25, 1892

3 | xxi-xxvili | Nov. Oct. 30, 1892 | Nov. 18, 1892} Nov. 7, 1892

4 | xxix-xl Jan. Jan. 18, 1893 | Jan. 28, 1893 | Jan. 21, 1893

5 | xli-lxviil Feb. 2 | Feb. 7, 1893 | Feb. 8, 1893 | Feb. 8, 1893

1893 | 1 | i-xii Mech. Mch. 26, 1893 | Apr. 5, 1893 | Mch. 28, 1893

2 | xili-xxiv June June 1, 1893 | June 7, 1893 | June 6, 1893

3 | (none) Sep. Sep. 30, 1893 | Oct. 7, 1893 | Sep. 29, 1893

4 | xxv-xl Dec. Dec. 28, 1893 | Jan. 1, 1894 | Dec. 29, 1893

5 | xlitxvii Feb. 6 | °Feb, 15, 1894] Feb. 12, 1894 | Feb. 12, 1894

1894] 1 | i-xiiW x Apr. x May 15, 1894 * May 2, 1894

2 | xiii-xvi June June 1, 1894 | May 29, 1894

3 | xvli—xxiv Sep. Sep. 30, 1894 | Oct. 1, 1894

4 | xxxv-xxxiv] Dec. Dec. 7, 1894 | Dec. 4, 1894

5 |xxxv—xevi | Feb. 5 Feb. 7, 1895 | Feb. 7, 1895

1895) 1 | i-xvi Apr. 25 Apr. 25, 1895 | Apr. 25, 1895

2 | (none) June 1 May 31, 1895 | May 28, 1895

3 | xvii-xx Sep. 28 Sep. 23, 1895 | Sep. 24, 1895

4 | xxi—xl Dec. 18 Dec. 18, 1825 | Dec. 12, 1895

5 | xli-lxxxiit | Jan. 31 Jan. 30, 1896 | Jan. 31, 1896

w Not given on cover with list of contents but published with this part.

xy, App. D.

3D2

760 Rev. G. Wheeler on the Dates of the

“APPENDIX A,

ON THE DATES OF THE VOLUME OF TRANSACTIONS

PUBLISHED BY THE FORMER ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

THE date of Part i is definitely fixed by the Minute

Book of the Society as being July 1st, 1807, this having

been fixed by Resolution as the day for Publication which,

as non-members had not access to the meetings, was to be

effected by sending copies to several publishing firms ; the

part, however, was apparently ready before this date.

Part 11 was printed and laid on the table on April 4th,

1809, but owing to an irregularity as to the papers printed,

was referred to a Committee, which met on April 17th,

and reported to the Meeting held on May 2nd, when it

was ordered that it “be forthwith published.” As it was

ready a month before, there was nothing to delay it.

Part iii was ordered “to be published forthwith” on

Sept. Ist, 1812, which was done during the month, as

appears by the Minutes of the Meeting of Oct. 7th, but

there is nothing to show whether on Sept. Ist it was ready

for immediate publication,

The dates are as follows :—

Part i, July 1st, 1807.

Part 11, Early in May 1809 (probably May 3rd).

Part 11i, Sept. 1812.

APPENDIX B.

ON THE DATES OF THE PROCEEDINGS FROM JANUARY 1840

TO DECEMBER 1846.

The Journal of Proceedings for these seven years was

printed in sheets of 16 pp. each, and distributed gratis to

members, and sold to the public at one shilling per sheet.

These were reprinted in 1864, but the original sheets are

very scarce; the Entomological Society does not possess a

single copy. There is one, bound by itself, in the Insect

Department at South Kensington, presented (almost too

generously) by our Society, another, up to p. 144, bound

with vol. iv (First Series), in the Hope Department at the

Oxford University Museum, a third, bound up with the

same volume, at the Linnean Society, and a torn copy in

Publications of the Entomological Society of London. 761

the British Museum, these being all I have been able to

unearth. All gave me the impression of being reprints,

but having at last been able, by the courtesy of Mr. O. E.

Janson, to inspect a complete copy, unbound, in the exact

state in which they were distributed at the Meetings and

received by his late father, 1 found that they all agreed in

every respect, including the lettering at the foot of the

pages and the fact that the third sheet was numbered II,

like the second, the fourth being, however, numbered IV,

as in the other copies. These sheets never came into the

hands of Messrs. Longmans & Co., and Messrs. Taylor &

Francis can find no record of them, though entries in the

old Minute Books show that they were printed by the

former representatives of their firm. The sheets were ten

in number and their contents were as follows :—

I. The year 1840.

Il. Jan. 4th, 1841—end of description of Nigidius grandis, July

5th, 1841.

III. Rest of July 5th, 1841—end of description of Monohammus

mixtus, Noy, 1st, 1841.

IV. Rest of Noy. Ist, 1841—definition of genus Anodonta, April

4th, 1842.

V. Rest of April 4th, 1842—end of Aug. Ist, 1842.

VI. Oct. 3rd, 1842—nearly end of Nov. 6th, 1843.

VII. Rest of Nov. 6th, 1843 (6 lines)—middle of the description

of Ploiaria bispinosa, July 1st, 1844.

VIII. Rest of July Ist, 1844—nearly end of July 7th, 1845.

IX. Rest of July 7th, 1845 (8 lines)—end of 1845.

X. The year 1846.

The old Minute Books show that Sheet I was published

June 7th, 1841, the only other mentioned being a “ uew

part” on Dec. 4th, 1843; this might from its contents

have been either V or VI, but an entry on Oct. 7th, 1844,

shows that up to that time only five sheets had been

printed, so that this date (Dec. 4th, 1843) must refer to

Sheet V, containing the Proceedings up to Aug. 1842.

Notices of the printing of these Proceedings are given on

the covers of the various parts of vols. i, iv, and v,

as follows: Vol. iii, pt. 1 (published Jan. 27th, 1842)

announces Sheet I (published six months previously !)

and states that the Proceedings for 1841 are in the Press ;

pt. 2 (published Sept. 2nd, 1842) announces those for

1840 and 1841, those for 1848 being in the Press; this

762 Rev. G. Wheeler on the Dates of the

notice is cohen aaa pt. 3 (published Jan. 2nd, 1843);

pt. 4 (published Jan. Ist, 1844), and vol. iv, pt. 1 (pub-—

lished April 7th, 1845), announce those for 1840, 1841 and

1842, stating that those for 1843 are in the Press ; vol. iv,

pt. 2, and subsequent parts, merely announce that the

Journal of Proceedings from 1840 is printed for gratuitous

distribution among the members, and for sale to the

public, price 1s. per sheet. All this is very difficult to

reconcile with facts, seeing that the sheets (except I and

X) are wholly independent of the end of any year, and

frequently end in the middle of a meeting. Probably,

however, it implies that Sheets II and III were issued

together before Sept. 2nd, 1842, and Sheets IV and V

before Jan. Ist, 1844, which corresponds with the fact

actually established that Sheet V was issued on Dec. 4th,

1843, though the expression “a new part” of the Pro-

ceedings would seem to indicate an earlier date for Sheet

IV. This is borne out by the fact that Sheets II, III and

IV were received by the Linnean Society on March 6th,

1843, which, taken in connection with the notice on the

cover of vol. 111, pt. 2, narrows down the date of Sheet IV

to the interval between Jan. 2nd and March 6th, 1843.

After Sheet V, the only indication of dates we possess is

that Sheet VI was received by the Linnean Society on

Nov. 29th, 1845, and Sheet VII on April 21st, 1846.

A Minute of the Council Meeting on Aug. 5th, 1844,

directed the Secretary and Treasurer to make arrange-

ments for the continuation of the publication of the Pro-

ceedings, and another entry of Oct. 7th states that the

Secretary read a letter from Messrs. R. & J. Taylor,

“agreeing to publish the Proceedings in the Annals of

Natural History, on the same terms as originally adopted,

they having agreed to alter their bill for the jive sheets

already published.” The italics are mine. Here was

new light, anda short search in the publication mentioned

showed that a// the Proceedings since 1840 had been so

published, and that in every case where the distribution of

these sheets could be traced, the date was subsequent to

that of the part of the Annals and Magazine of Natural

History in which the same information appeared ; it

follows, therefore, that these sheets were merely a reprint,

and that the date of all names, etc., contained in them is

that of the part of this magazine in which they appeared.

I have given above all the available information with

Publications of the Entomological Society of London. 763

regard to the date of these sheets, in order to enable any

who may be interested to work out this fact for them-

selves, merely adding that the publishers inform me that

this Magazine has always been obtainable by the public

on the first day of the month of issue. The actual dates

for all purposes of priority are therefore as follows :—

Proceedings for—

Jan. 6th—April 6th, 1840 . : : . Jan. 1st, 1841.

May 4th—Dec. 7th, 1840 . : 5 . April Ist, 1841. -

Jan. 4th, 1841. ; ‘ ; : . July Ist, 1841.

Hebrkst, [841s oe : ‘ ; ‘ . Sep. 1st, 1841.

Mch. 1st—April 5th, 1841 . : 5 . Nov. 1st, 1841.

May 5th—July 5th, 1841 _ . : : . Dec. Ist, 1841:

Aug. 2nd—Oct. 4th, 1841 . : . Feb. 1st, 1842.

Nov. Ist 1841 (to end of Saunders’ eee July ist, 1842.

Nov. Ist, 1841 (from beginning of West-

wood’s memoir)—Feb. 7th, 1842. . Sep. Ist, 1842.

March 7th—April 4th, 1842 : ; . Jan. 1st, 1848.

May 2nd—June 6th, 1842 . : ; . April 1st, 1843.

July 4th—Aug. Ist, 1842. , : . June Ist, 1843.

Sep. 5th—Nov. 7th, 1842* . : : . Nov. 1st, 1843.

Jan. 2nd—-Mch. 6th, 1843 . : : . Dec. 1st, 1844-

Apr. 3rd—June 4th, 1843. : i . June list, 1845.

July 3rd—Sep. 4th, 1843. : : . July 1st, 1845.

Oct. 2nd—Dee. 4th, 1843. Z : . Sep. lst, 1845.

Jan. lst—Mch. 4th,1844_ . : : . Oct. 1st, 1845.

April 1lst—Aug. 5th, 1844 . F : . Jan. Ist, 1846.

Oct. 7th—Dec. 2nd, 1844 _ . : 5 . April 1st, 1846.

Jan. 6th—April 7th, 1845. ; é . July 1st, 1846.

May 5th—July 7th, 1845 . : Nov. 1st, 1846.

Aug. 4th—Sep. Ist, 1845, to end of Sanders

memoir . Dec. Ist, 1846.

Sep. 1st, from Hariaer Totes on the Honeys

bee—Dec. Ist, 1845 . : ‘ : . Jan. 1st, 1847.

Jan. 5th—June Ist, 1846. ‘ ; . Feb. Ist, 1847.

Aug. 3rd—Dee. 7th, 1846. ‘ : . Mch. 1st, 1847.

* The Proceedings for Dec. 1842 were omitted from the Magazine ;

fortunately they contain no descriptions. The long interval between

this and the next instalment explains the instruction given on Aug.

5th, 1844, to the Treasurer and Secretary (v. supra).

764 Rev. a on the Dates of the

APPENDIX (¢.

NOTES ON THE DATES OF PUBLICATION SINCE 1896.

Since the beginning of the year 1896 each part has

borne the month and day of publication, and with very

few exceptions these may be taken as correct, Messrs.

Longmans & Co. having generally received them on the

same or the following day. There are a few occasions on

which they have been sent out to the Fellows on the day

previous to that on which they were dated, but even in

these cases it is only those resident in the London district

who have received them before the nominal date of pub-

lication, and such may well be regarded as cases of

“preferential distribution.” The very few cases of more

important discrepancy are as follows :—

Vol. Part. | Dated. Received by Messrs. Longmans. -

1900 3 Oct. 22nd Oct. 12th

1903 2 June 2nd May 30th

1907 5

April 14th April 22nd

The last of these is quite unimportant.

APPENDIX? BW.

ON PART 1 OF THE VOLUME FOR 1894.

In the Proceedings in the volume for 1894, p. xxii, it is

recorded that Sir George (then Mr.) Hampson raised a

question as to the date of Part 1 of the Transactions for

that year, certain names depending on the date for their

priority. The date on p. 1 is “March,” that on the cover

“April” (unfortunately not a unique discrepancy), and

the part was actually issued in May. A few copies were

sent out to Members of the Council on April 9th, and the

issue was immediately stopped because a figure on Plate 1,

which had been cancelled, had never been replaced, and a

blank appeared on the plate where the figure should have

been. No copies had been sent to Messrs. Longmans,

none had been sold, none were distributed outside the

Council, and those issued were recalled, and it was held

Publications of the Entomological Society of London. 765

that no publication had taken place. A discussion took

place at the Meeting of June 6th on the question raised

by Sir George Hampson, and he proposed, “ having regard

to the Secretary’s statement,” that May 2nd should be

held to be the date. There is no record of what the

Secretary did say, and the Council Minute Book of that

period is unfortunately the one missing volume (v. App. /’),

but the Postage Book shows that he might very well have

said that the revised Part was delivered to the Society and

issued by them on May 2nd, and on this information Sir

George Hampson’s proposal was undoubtedly might.

Amendments were proposed, and Mr. Verrall’s, referring

the matter to a Committee, was adopted. Now the only

thing open to such a Committee to do was to find out

whether the Part in question had been published at an

earlier date than May 2nd, as the evidence of its publica-

tion by that date was complete, but at the meeting on

Dec. 5th they reported that the first day it was available

at the Publishers was May 11th, which was consequently

“fixed” as the date of publication. With the information

now available it is impossible to account for this date at

all, the day on which Messrs. Longmans received their

copies of the Part being May 15th. There can, however, be

no doubt that, the decree of the Council notwithstanding,

the real date of the publication of Part 1 for 1894 is May

2nd of that year.

APPENDIX Z.

ON THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM THE PRINTING

FIRMS EMPLOYED BY THE SOCIETY.

The first volume of the First Series of Transactions (to-

gether with the Proceedings), consisting of three Parts, was

published by Richard Taylor, Red Lion Court, a firm now

represented by Messrs. Taylor & Francis at the same

address. The sheets of Proceedings distributed at the

Meetings of the Society between 1840 and 1846 were also

printed (or rather reprinted, v. App. B) by the same firm,

but they have been unable to find any record of these,

though they have kindly furnished the exact dates of

publication of the first volume. From 1837 to 1879 the

printing was entrusted to various firms of Roworth, now

represented by Messrs. Roworth & Co., of 19, Newton

766 Rev. G. Wheeler on the Dates of the

Street, and C. F. Prorth, of 88, Fetter Lane. The former

of these firms informs me that all the books which might

have given information were destroyed by a fire in 1880,

whilst the latter, whose books up to 1850 have also been

destroyed, have kindly provided me with almost all dates

of delivery to the Society between 1850 and 1867, and

also with a few subsequent to that year. These, I believe,

may be regarded as exact and reliable, though it is possible

that in some cases copies may not actually have been

obtainable till the following day.

Messrs. West, Newman & Co., who printed the Trans-

actions from 1880-1893, have furnished me with dates for

those years, which, however, are not to be relied on for

fixing dates of publication, as the following extract from

their letter shows: ‘‘We do not guarantee these dates at

all as the exact ones of issue. We have taken them from

our Ledger books—the only possible method at this

distance of time. To look up deliveries would be a ques-

tion of an immense time, even if we have all our delivery

books to refer to, which is unlikely.” <A few of the dates

given are manifestly incorrect, as they are later than those

of the Postage Book of the Society, but since they are, as

a rule, earlier than any others obtainable, I have given the

entire list, though I have not ventured to use them as the

dates of publication.

The printing firm employed from 1894 to 1897 I have

been unable to trace. .

APPENDIX F.

ON THE BOOKS OF MINUTES, ETC., IN THE LIBRARY OF

THE SOCIETY.

In addition to the Books at present in use, the Society

possesses—

(1) A book containing

(2) The Minutes of the Meetings of the

Aurelian Society from July 1801 to Jan. 14th,

1805.

(0) Those of the Entomological Society of

London from May 6th, 1806, to July i9th, 1822.

(The Meetings after 1812 were very irregular.)

(2) The Treasurer’s Account Book from 1806 to 1808.

Publications of the Entomological Society of London. '767

(3) Council and General Meetings from May 3rd, 1833,

to May Ist, 1837.

(4) General, Council, and Publication Committee Meet-

ings from May Ist, 1837, to Jan. 6th, 1845.

(5) Council and General Meetings from Jan. 27th, 1845,

to Jan. 24th, 1848.

(6) Council Meetings from Feb. 7th, 1848, to Dec. 3rd,

1860.

(7) General Meetings from Feb. 7th, 1848, to Dec. 6th,

1856.

(8) Meetings of Council from Jan. 22nd, 1855, to July

5th, 1869 (rough notes only).

(9) Council Meetings from Jan. 7th, 1861, to July Ist,

1872.

(10) General Meetings from Feb. 2nd, 1863, to Nov. 6th,

1871.

(11) General Meetings from Nov. 20th, 1871, to Aug. 4th,

1883.

(12) Council Meetings from Feb. 2nd, 1898, to Jan. 18th,

1911; and Business Committee Meetings from

Nov. 18th, 1908, to Jan. 18th, 1911.

(13) General Meetings from Dec. 5th, 1894, to March 6th,

1907.

(14) Postage Book of the Transactions from 1879 to 1908.

It will be seen that the Minutes of the Council Meet-

ings are wanting from July 1872 to Feb. 1898, and those

of the General (Ordinary) Meetings from Jan. 1857 to

Feb. 1863, and from Aug. 1883 to Dec. 1894, which is the

more to be regretted since the early records are quite

perfect. Since 1908 only the Exchange Copies of the

Transactions have been posted from the Society’s Rooms,

though the postage account of these continues to be kept.

The Books at present in use are: (1) The Obligation

Book, (2) Attendance Book, (3) Minutes of Ordinary

Meetings, (4) Minutes of Council and Business Committee

Meetings, (5) Additions to the Library.

FEBRUARY 10, 1912.

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